davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-05-16
Roosevelt in Speech to Meth
odists Condemning Wo-
man Who Shuns Duties.
NATION NEGLECTS
SPIRITUAL SIDE
Material Wealth Not Measure of
Greatness-COnference Delegates
Guests of University.

IN clear language, which would per-
nit OF TO misunderstanding and which
was strikingly frank iE its delivery,
President Roosevelt, IN an address 70
the delegates 10 the GeLeraI Conference
Of the Methodist Episcopal Church. re-
Vived his doctrine Of snti-race-sulcide
and declared that we must condemn
the woman who refuses TO do Alright her
great and all-essenual duties or wife
hood and motherhood !" One thousand
prominent Metnodists. delegates to the
conference just closed IA Baltimore. lis
,sned to tho Presidents speech. They
came to Washington in two special
trains as the guests Of the officers Of the
American University.
The President spoke on the subject Of
good citizenship. and he pointed out the
many phases OF life which 20 to make
for the prosperity OF the nation. He
said that the history OF the Methodist
church is indissolubIy interviewer viii,
the history Of the United States. he
declared that no nation in the world
mas more right than ours 20 look with
confidence 10 the future and that 10 de-
SPAR Iof the future would be faint
hearted Men and women, such as he
was addressing, he said, must be re-
leo upon 20 build Up the spiritual life
ID e
would amount 10 nothing
The President then took I'D his ia
miiiar topic Of race suicide t0-fllustrate
MS point that DSUOnaI prosperity fol-
lows large and healthy families NO
nuEnan beng has a greater title 20 re-
spect, ne gaid. than the mother who
does her full duty. who bears and rears
plenty OF healthy children, so that there
shall be national growth and not ma
tional deCadence, 20 that in quality and
IN quantity our people shall increase. 90
The delegates came on TWO special
trains, one over the Pennsylvania. and
one over the Baltimore and Ohio. and
Immediately on arrival were taken in
street cars 20 the university, where a
luncheon was served. The formal exer-
cises. conducted in q pavilion erected
especially for the purpose. began at 3
o clock Senator Dolliver was the other
principal speaker.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-05-16
Was Not Suspicious.

Asked by Mr. Douglas whether he did
not consider as suspicious the fact that
after an interview with Mr.. Fernald
Crawford submitted a bid S less than
that Of the lowest bidder, up to the time
of his submitting a bid, Captain Mark
ham said he did not so regard IT, but
lContinnad on Ninth Pagel
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-05-16

COn;iRued on Second Pags1
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-05-16

Continued on Ninth Page)
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
NUZUMS AGREE
TO TESTIFY
Two Attorneys Who Are Said
to Have the Letters Deny
knowledge of Them
(By United Press.)

SPOKANE. Nov. 30--The state bar eommason appoint
ed 70 investigate the RootGofdon this morning
secret session 10 hotel Beyond the statement that
tho commission would DO everything in its power the
various Chairman John H. Powell declined to outline
the course 81 procedure here.
X W. Nuzum and y. +. Nuzum, the Spokane attorneys
who reported have evidence relation the Gordon
Root matter ia the shape OF letters informed that the
commission wanted them and both said they would APP
pear when asked Both declared that they knew nothing
would assist the inquiry.
The Nuzums will probably appear before the commission
late this afternoon evening II accepted that the object
Of the commissions visit Spokane probe the reports
Of the Nuzm knowledge of the Gordon and relations
to the Root
When asked how long the commission would be in Spo-
kane, Chairman Powell answered God only knows"
Ii any evidence obainable ii expected be found
here where Gordon lived at the time he resigned from the
Great Northern
Frank T. Post, we'll known Spokane attorney be
called hy the bar commission for particulars the
DC reported have thar passed between and
Gordon conserving the railroad Post declines make
public Charles Lund Spokane attorney was
before the commission this morniag.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
MUST TURN
OVER ITS
BOOKS
SHORT LINE REQUIRED
TO DELIVER ALL
RECORDS.
Receiver TO Have Access
10 Papers Of the
Corporation.

kti ofder vas Rfantcd by Judge
Gearse e Morris IN thr superior
couf, ihls morning upon petition
Of James T Blackstone. ~ receiver
for the seattle Taroma short Zane.
reaalrins Meiie WiFhtman, vice.
president and chief engineer % the
company immediately tn iurn owes
the books and records of the
Corporation 10 the receiver.
Ia hfs petition for the order she
receiver states that on the after.
moor ~ November 1i the dav 81
his appointment he called al the
offte n Merle J Nightman and
demanded The bookN rccQfig per
sonal property and assets Of the
corporation. which demand was re.
flueI
Ha alleaes that information nH 20
tho whereabouts " the property hc
Houahf was denied him We states
that later he called upun John H
MrGfaw a. director % the cor
poration. and was informed by him
that he and +. w Baker and other
maluees men who had been mem
beers of the board of directors had
fenlrned several months ago ON ac.
count Of q constant violation hy
Niehtman uf his agreements made
with them concerning the affairs
of the corporation Wighiman's at
fanfY IN court this morning said
il was not understood that the or
der appointing blackstone as re-.
celYef Included the turning over TO
him OF the books aud records
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30

BUILDING INSPECTOR
ACCUSED OF GIVING
PRIVILEGES.
Former Assistants Call the
Councils Notice to
His Offenses.

Francis w Grant inspector Of
buildings and a mcmbcr of the
municipal board of worRs. Wi be
formally charged before the city
council tonight with allowing sue-
cial priyuegos o. favored con
TRACTORS. involFlnF violations OF ihc
building laws, and with haNiue
failed to perform the duties 0f bis
office in proper manae.
The charges are prepared and
signed hy George W. Carroll and
H NJ Fuson both Of whom wore
formerly assistant building iuspce.
tors hut who have recently re.
signed from Che department
Specific instances are citcl On
which it IS claimed that Grant has
permitted certain contractors to
erect buildings IN violation OF the
ordinances and has refused THESE
privileges To other builders
In one case 20 Is claimed that
after plans had been submitted and
approved by the building inspector.
and work had progressed To- q point
where the framework of "a building
was completed Co the fourth story.
the inspector ordered work stopped
on the grouad that The plans ala
not conform 20 tho legal require
ments, thus entailine a big loss to
the contractor
Carroll. one of the men who fiHs
the charges. explained 20 uiends
that he had asked for leave while
sick. which was refused him, and
he later resigned Fuson has also
reported that ne resigned front the
department
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
MEET DEATH.
IN FLOOD
Thousands Are Homeless
in Four States i'm
the South.

GUTHRIE Okla. Nov 90 Sew.
en- persons are dead and many are
missing and thousands are report.
ed 10 be- homeless today as the re-.
suit of floods IN Oklahoma. Texas.
southwestern Missouri and south.
crn Kausaa
Rivers throughout this whole sec.
ton are rising rapidly. and the
worst floods la years afs expected.
a constant rain Of 90 hours Is re-.
sponsible for the high water
Scores Of reaculng parties IRE a.
work in various sections taking
people from the upper stories OF
houses whore they have been ma.
fOunod
Reports today indicate that heavy
damage already has been done "a
property and much more IA threat.
ened
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
IS
FOUND At
WORK
MAKES ESCAPE WHILE
MAN WATCHES
FOR HIM.
Ransacks House and Then
Evades Citizen Who
Detects Him.

After rausacking the home OF
Mrs Johnson. llil TAYLOR av..
burglar was discovered by p. II.
Pulver of 5t2 Lee st shortly after
10 O'Clock last night pulrer seized
HIS revolver and waited az the front
door FOR the burglar 10 make his
After spending several tense mo-
ments. Paiver started Go investigate,
and found that he thief had escap-
ed through the rear door Further
investigation by pulver showed
that everything movable IN the
johnson home was turned topsy
turyy.
II rs not known what loot the
thief carried away Mrs Johnson
has bees away from home since
Thanksgiving day a small Ratchet
was found in the house. which had
been left behind boy the burglar
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
MEAD MEETS WITH
TACOMA ADVISERS

TACOMA. Nov. 40 Governor
Mead arrived here at noon today
and is holding conference this uf.
tcrnoon with q committee of Pierce
county legislative delegation In The
matter IN appointing Judge T.. a..
Parker of Tacoma 90 succeed JUS
uco Root of the supreme court
10 ig believed hero Chat Parker
viii gee tbs. appointment although
nothis dolialteawill he knoW4 an.
ul after me conference.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
CHADWICK IS
CHOICE Of
MEAD
GOVERNOR MAY NAME
JUSTICE-ELECT
TODAY.
Cosgrove Win Appoins Ills
Man When He Takes
Office.

Judge Hiram E Chadwick. ius.
tlcc.cicci OF thy supreme court VIII
probably be- appointed 81 Gov
Mead today 10 ON the SIX weeks
Vacancy on the supreme bench
caused hy the resignation ~ ias.
tico Root
So far Gov Mead and Gov elect
cusrruYc have nos been able 20
settle the difference ~ opinion aa
10 whether the new Justice should
be- man from ihc eastern or west
cfn pnrt of she state Mf Gus
grove wants a man from Eastern
Washington. and Gov Mead a man
from Western Washington
May Yet Agree.
lnlpsH they can come 90 an
nFfegmcnt today, Gov Mead VII
make the appointment for The slx
weeks. and allow Mr CoHgrove 90
name bic mnu to take the office
January if
There are three men being con.
sidorcd al present Judge Emmett
NJ. Parker OF Tacoma. Judge n.
F GoHr. ~ roniernY. and Judge
Hiram r. Chadwick. AS Judge
Chadwick will take a place on the
supreme bench after January IT.
he could accept the appointment
for the remainder OF Justice Root
term with little or no inconvenience
Whom tho time comes for him 10
assume his place on the bench 20
which be- was elected. he vii asm
ply move over 10 allow room for
the appoluioc of Cosgroyo
The Pierce County Bar 0ssocla.
tIon is working 10 secure the APP
polntment Of Judge Parker and
Gov Mead has his name under con.
aiderniion
In the event or Gov Mead max
lng the appointment for the uuex.
pircd term of Justice Root. without
consideration OF Cuagrnvc's wishes.
a Is probable that CoHgrove. whom
he takes office. VIII appoint Judge
Gose 10 fill the vacancy for the two
years that viii elapse until the
next state election,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
WARD
. SOON To
RESIGN
ANXIOUS TO GIVE UP
RESPONSIBILITIES
OF POSITION.
Question of His Rank i
Under Controversy
at Present.


chief Ward viii tender. his Tor.
mai resignation to MAYOR Miller
within ihs neat few hays According
IA reports circulated Among city of
ficialt tnday
n Is believed that Chief Ward
~antA % quit hin present sob rish
sh~ understanding that he can drop
back into . capiAincy This ~.
pialns Wardn fccont aunteniion
that be has never been anythirg
but an acting ehlef. IA Witch he
cited she fact that BE- has hot filed
his bond o. office OF taken tina
examination provided b. cisii sefg.
lee fnica
puhlicly. ri least. Mayor Miller
has sonewhat tHrnpened this idea
~ ihs chief that ha ftn holds his
gAns as raptA--. % police. b. lDalSi
ind shn; from lesal slaDdpuint
chief Ward has really been chief
% police stan holds that position.
IN state Q,4o At least. and cannos
Fetaln his captains standing
Wlli interviews Mayor.
y NHANM| hAN#W tWN NAtkIAAtH tan
BE- fccourisea IN their views. and
whether the cnief will be ablo 70
reaigr aud rtlli remaia tt tie dc
pArtmwnt a. captain viii prob
ahls b. settled some time today Or
tomprr0w Chief Wnrd stated 20
eag that ~ would undoubtedly
shortly have conference With the
maYos a. which time shs legal
ssAggs Of THE Question will b. dis.
ruHned
L Is Esusralls believed that he
mayor anh ~ rhlcf ~ police have
actually reached an understanding
vhlsb ui.. altos thr chief o. Gull,
snt SO back 20 Wufk a. hin cid
ioh ~ captain ifnfh officials how
ever denY thar ans such arrange
msat has bren coasammaied "a
r4sa dl@tHssca
Calef WafH uauis 10 quit. aud
wants % qn.' hadif lic has enls
been Induced go retain his lob 90
the theory that u would BE- nuwine
"a resign whlie Tho Department was
bciuE 80 severely criticised
May Force Resignation.
Now that he has been informed
that hr has never heen legally
chief hccauae N not complying
wlfh the civil service ruiea urpv,d.
lnT for the illlrx ~ bond ana
takiax AZ examination II - be
licstd that ward vii insist UPON
hts rrEiRuafion bring accepted. feei.
Ing secure IA the belief that he -
leKallf entitled 10 caplAlney IN
the department. and that he can
hold iids joh bY virtue Of the pro.
lection which be- believes the cl4ii
service commission wili give him
There was a report current this
morning that Mayor MS4T bad
arfangad i0 appoint Nike Qunlau
chief ~ police 10 succeed Ward
Qtunlan was chief III the detective
bureau I'm Minneapolis Tor several
years. and hia experience with %.
Zee work iH sIid io qualify him iaf
fhe position oi chief
~ is me- secret THAI immediately
after his election MAYOR Miller was
lwFaftuned hf numerous friends to
appoint Qululan
This So absolutely news t0 me
said Nave Miller to-day in dis.
Guessing @iulnlana probable appoint.
meuf II have newer spoken to
the man about this ioh. and % no
one eise thAt I know Of
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
LARGE NUMBERS
PAY THEIR TAXES

a large force " clerks in fns
frc8nurera office De- cnnagel in ace
repflnn payments uf tekr7. today
being thc iaat day upon which pays
mgufH 81 1906 iHfea mas be- Maid
After to-day the penalty NJ 90 per
cent fof delinquency VIII he en-
forced Although the number 81
persons paving their taxes today lf
large 10 la uuilceAbiF smaller than
Un the lnai dnAa for payment OF
previous years County Auditor
AnneW states that tho payment Of
takca this year hns been much
smaller than for several ycars uast
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
TRACK
FIGHT IN
SOUTH
CALIFORNIA is GOING
AFTER THE SPORT
IN JANUARY.
Many Legislators Pledged
to Vote Against Its
Continuance.

SAN FRANCISCO. NeY 80 -
With luminous fnupfs ~ trouble
ahead nm the Meadows race
course ut Seattle. racing Interests
IN California today ARE confronted
with the apparently w~il grounded
prediction that tbs sport -
kinwH h Doomed IT, this state
Enough senators and Aaae mbif men
have announced their support ~
tho antiraeiux measure "a Insure
~ esss passage
Following The angiracr track
legislation IN New Work.. the as
cation IN the District Of Columbia
and the attacks on The sport even
In Kentucky. the passage 81 an
ausiruce traok betiius az 10 Call
fofula and the addition 81 : similar
measure ln Washington. Nosid
mean pfartlcsiie the death % rae
lng "a the Jnited States The two
tracks ~ Nes Orleans are to dAa.
ger ~ being closed through a ain
liar action The anti racing league
m 9rnnenae~ is said - b. eaininx
ground aud a Determined effort
Will BE- made % stop betting az the
Msuphls track In baltimore
movement hAs started nRafaet the
piniiso course
Belmont Gees Abroad
AltcAds mAns - the large uwn
rfa arr pianniux 20 taA~ their
strings ahnHd AuKust Belmont
wili race almost exclusively IN
EuNiard uext scar. q IL stated an
l~aa some unexpected change Il
made Ga New 4ufk lass and thla
IL urHtrig aince t1e reelection 81
Cos .aghes
isldnr Jacobs ~ san trans lsco.
trustee II Tho Direct Legislation
leaKas announced fogias that faee
lraek e4mtilpk ln thls state nu.
d0shfeaif "a doomed he baaet
hla nf4f.meat upon 4 poii 81 The
senators ard .ssfmblt men. which
be said shows 4 good majority for
ne anii betting BIZ IL b1'h houses
u is usdslsiooa that eos 0iileH
already has practically azfscd %
sign the bsi 4 & IL PASSED b. fte
legislature
We have received answers from
% tmhlfmeu whn have an.
nnunred thrngrlese "a favor Of the
anufare track gambling bill said
Jacobs today
Senators Pledged.
"Of the al senators. 21 are
known 90 favor the blil This wiii
rite "a a good majority IN both
hagsHs There Is no doubt. huv
ever thar 4 hafa flEht ufli b. made
by senator Lsasift az Oakland.
President Tom Williams Of the
California foekeT club aud Lucky
baldwin ~ the Aaufa Anita tfack
10 beat thn measure Hut II aeeme
nos That the measure is a. good
a. passed
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
ARRESTED FOR FISHING
ONE HOUR TOO SOON

Deputy Game Warden j 81.
Sampson yesterday arrested g H
Hack. q fisherman of South Park
for violating the fishery laws
Ilaacka had sea hlH nets IN thei
puwamlnh near Georgetown an
hour and half before me legal
time The law provides that 30.
tween 8 a. ~ on Saturday and 6
q. m on Sunday o. 81 closed season
for salmon in streams tributary to
Puget Sound
To- lassYcc 81 fho Peace John "
cafroll~3ouri This morning llaRcks
pleaded guilty aud was bound over
to The superior court On $3.50 hnii
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30
MUSES. TO
LISTEN TO
FACTS
|xyANT YET INSISTS
| uMAHON WAS
NOT ROBBED.
.smony of All Who
s.w Victim Secuted
BY Sleuths.

WNH ~
X semeef q tne lol''r aesfst
>w has her ASST aea " II
~ A. rlystery q tNe deafh ~
xsNahcn aiaaaxtF m tr
- haf ~ooFs lifslts 80
>t sishsn = ic~ is'i " hiA
xs frtesy uinfrsak NAHssi'.
pssss Charles Remnant stsli
- 1as Mcmahon was ue'tiief
s1ut neF ropotd
" e'eetlys % e'ain Saws q"
- IA NeMAhon hia AZ h's
. "a salufsiss hFinrc 'AssuE
.lzs lnson ca nome inant
t1f zlskt
y s''si nssnEe.,' y s''s e.'a.
=. I s = ~. , ~. 80
-
N~ n'es ~ '''sF'
: ~ 10 reppiAolf etlfriis
<1,s1 saw heNAhous oistinnf
= - nrtss liihi before aF'd
y = vas riding 90 me street
= col~nsn manasrr of tbs
zzaa ca 4 Aeseengrf Service.
4 N,Haken nna b. alsi.aeslf
rrA<n RSlng ne diaupai
- 1rnsmsailsm and eomnlpn
- Ra faiiy t9mfafns a. Fp.ice
iERrefs SAYS MeNahon die
NJ 'sFeFal q ne IAir.i iesue
~ rhmsaa, nsKhr white wali.
n ~ street err
csls~as Va Tsrrsns
-
D q pntAsas tAat both fhese
=. sto ress|ft'y ase that vr
lzrer Fnn ~ ftg aad carried
~ - ~ assls ~ ~ un7v III
z'a< we4 rhish so base his
ssef ssctpf be uwu defse
szs,e o. teslse ~ sflsi
se'fns
gsssiicn of WheiheF Arwa
~ easn and valgables wisa
~ ~ h11le Thursday rifhl
v fitpnsed ~ 81 oaos and
A. lapi7iie citizens wbo
NJ w. .il mones and u
an% " McAmhoa II World
NJ nil Ttnaaat "A baaiy lais
hi Y.rssal ,s.ts-gs, ..,.~.,
srgIssn as abaence 81 III.
~ hsrstse N wb,eb 49, 4,
" $50 alsmond a,lesFsn
~ laken from iha sofv
kaAen cached ne pee Sc
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30

sr in command of Captain A. j..
Huakins. Is rreparnr t0 Dlcfr Port
Townsend for South African ports
WIFI d laad uf Ballard umhar.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1908-11-30

n s u. caplain ~ Deteetlges
' 's,'.es % entertain tbr
bidder ~. fnn0i fhp
hge.l,s.t 'N hgyo boon ofGaged
''a al@ie llne bleh
The Havre herald. [volume] (Havre, Mont.) 1904-1908, 1908-05-13
Turkish Farriery.

Turkish horseshoes are simply fat
plate Of iron with q hole in the middle
In his volume of personal Adven
tures' Col. J. P. Robertson describes
the extraordinary method OF preparing
the horse to be shod.
The .farrier takes good long rope,
doubles it and knots loop at the end
to about the size Of good large horse
collar. This Is put over the horses
head after the manner of horse col
lar, the knot resting on the horses
chest.
Then the two ends of rope are
brought between his legs. Zach rope,
then taken by man, Is hitched on to
the fetlocks Of his hind legs and
brought through the loop in front; then
by hard, steady pull the hind legs are
drawn up to the fore legs, and the
horse falls heavily on his side.
All four feet are then tied together
by the fetlocks the horse Is propped
up on his back, and the farrier sits
quietly down beside him, takes off all
the old shoes and puts on new. Wher
the work is finished the horse is united
and allowed to get up.
The Havre herald. [volume] (Havre, Mont.) 1904-1908, 1908-05-13
Insect Hypnotfsm.

"Did you ever know" said the hyp-
notist as he played with curious, gilt
tering hypnotlzing machine of crystal
and silver, "did you ever know that
hypnotism is practiced among insects?"
mo"
well, it is a fact. A queen bee can
hypnotize her whole hive whenever she
wants to. She makes a curious hum
ming sound, and within u moment or
two every bee in the colony falls into
hypnotic trance.
1.-THE deaths head hawk moth is also
hypnotist of great power. This crea-
ture, indeed, makes it's living out of
hypnotisln. Entering a hive, it makes
a sound not unlike the queen bees
note, and, the bees Immediately sink
ing into slumber, the moth proceeds to
plumber at It's leisure. New Orleans
Times-Democrat.
The Havre herald. [volume] (Havre, Mont.) 1904-1908, 1908-05-13
WHOLESALE STUMBLING.

6pHaaanHHnN CHAIN Of stores in various cities for
10 \ other purpose than the obtaining Of goods
- 4 under false pretenses from wholesale mer
- chants Is the latest novelty in the sWindling
kgHAG%R line 1t has often been remarked that the
R0QEHCH originators of plans to dupe the public
might coin their brains into cash without
nearly the draft upon their originality that is called for
by the devising Of swndling game But the criminal
instinct incentive to lay its hold persons
who might otherwise fill leading and respected place
In honorable vocaons The who conceived the sys
credit for goods to the value Of thousands
dollars that they quickly disposed of in different cities
by auction attractive sales closing up their stores
and decamping when they had converted the credited
stock into cash. swindlers of unusual caliber.
The police Of several cities have the task Of
earng the frauds and bringing them to justice They
may may not succeed in doing as the scheme was
crafty laid and carried out. harvest Of 100000
the returns for daring exploitation of the credit
tenn will be regarded by the gltedged among the
robbing fraternity fine stroke of craftsmanship The
ingenuity the preyers upon their fellow calls for
constant reimbursement of honest persons to the cond
lions created The lesson Of the socaed barganhouse
fraud will be conned, and for long time to come 1t
may be practically impossible for the scheme to be
worked again. But the feature Of such enterprises IS
that they designed only for the operation After
that they may become worthless to their orignators.
Baltimore American. ."
The Havre herald. [volume] (Havre, Mont.) 1904-1908, 1908-05-13
THE COST OF LIVING.

1W topics of conversation afford more
general agreement among all classes Of peo-
pie than the increase in the cost Of living
Estimates vary as to how much the in
crease has been, but nearly every man who
supports a family will say, without hesitar
tinn that II costs more NOW than 1t did