davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11

Puen los deles respeaivos ezpeient
de propdad
cO del ya A sea vendda da
dlas e que verified e Toa-Ata,
(Sgne) Santiago Perez
Treasure
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11

Sr. Manuel Ledesma.
Chas. HaFtzen.
r. H. Delgado.
Miguel Targa.
Federico Stubb0
DR.. Curbelo.
L Purcell.
Cirilo Mercado.
Ramon TembIeg.
7. BaTth.
Lee Fl. Vendig.
Juan r.. Baiz.
F. Ledesma.
/ edf0 de ElZ2buru.
III. q. Cutler.
John NJ. Turner.
GregOriO Dimas
Parker.
Juan Apellaniz. il.
Rafael F. Ferrer.
Enrique Alfonso.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11
TREASURY DEPARTMENT. OF PORTO RICO.
sUBASTA PUBLICA,
BIENEs INMUEBLEs

En- la Coecturia de Rentas erna ToaAa
de 1903 los gen d Po da6 las de manan serdn vendidO los
oontbucOne eron embgadO
dd tempo las oOntrbucne vendas los dBpone
Intenas
PROP1ETAROs Description de PrOpedad ContrbucOns gna
apoxmadoa
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11
Ell CONDADO.
"PARQUE RESIDENTIAL"

lares de todas dimensiones preciOs m6dicOs.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11

GRANDEs FACILIDADEs PARA Ell PAGO.
Los pazOs de Cinco Pesos mensuales en- adelante
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11
Description de la PrOpiedad
PRIMERA SUBASTA.
ContribuciOnes y gastos
aproximados

Pueden verse los dals dsen rpcvOs expentea
propdd
entO del vaor que vendda pederd
reo de la Po cua Ie u6 subasa pd los die
TgUentes Vihc6 Utuado,
(Signed) Macario Rvera~Coletor
AprObdo S. D. Gromer.-TreasureT
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11
sEPTBRE 4 1908.

Ba18meCrO ..,,.. 80.
Germ6metrO ..s..o
Ma4lW&'os.s,sses "a
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11

pIags , de SD extinction. { El doctor Bar
bosR 90 pono 6 ContsmpIar 81 gsfI9f TssoTe'
EO duFsnts Lao sxpliCsCion01 6olts
EgpliGa Is PaTt0 5pFop8Pcional que ID Ii
aaignaoi6n fjadR f$26 O00) GeaBigus para
madieinRw.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11
PROPIETARIOs
Tomas Ramos

Tomas Ramos
Antonio Rodriguez G.
Manuel Negr6n Colon
Jose M. Torres Sn.
Pedro A. Maldonado
Pedro A.. MaldOnado
Isabel Quinones
Lorenza Rodriguez
Daniela Vargas sn.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11
UBASTA PUBLICA.
PROPIETARIOs

Jose Gonzalez Hernandez
eebasti6n Rios
Ramon Gonzalez
Maria E. Roman
Damian Irizarry
Antonio del TorO
Baldomero Gonzalez Lopez
seYerianO Seguino
Jose Velazquez Morales
Maria Isabel Eerrano
JOge Dolores Medina
Carmen Hernandez
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1908-09-11

sr. GenerOso Candina. sr.
Carlos Conde.
B. Huicy.
Miguel Cuetara.
Pedro de Audrey.
P. Gambia C6rdova.
DIR. Gonzalez.
B. Hidalgo.
Julio Seijo.
Enrique Carbia.
COnrado Asenio.
Burt 0. Clark. Sra
Juan Was Ocheteco.
Antonio Oliver.
N. A. WalCott.
Joaquin Miro.
Jaime Annexy.
H. A. @. Hines.
Herminio Diaz Navarro,
Damian Piza.
Pedro Serraballs.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15

the country to visit the various Of
fees of the weather bureau, and there
receive instruction regarding the meth
DDS of forecasting, and also to have
the various instruments explained to
them. This has developed a marked
interest in the science of meteorology,
and places every young person in pos
session of facts that will be of more
or less advantage to him in any line
of life work which he may under
take.
Collection of Data.
Under the present system observa-
tions are taken at the various weather
stations twice daily, at a. m. and 8
p. M, Washington time. The observa-
ton consists Of reading the various
station instruments and making a rec
ord of temperature, atmospheric pres
sure, humidity, wind direction and
velocity, amount of precipitation,
amount. kind and direction of move
ment of clouds and other special data
The pressure readings from the mer-
curial barometer, in order that they
may be comparable with those made
at other stations. must be reduced to
a common altitude and temperature
The standards adopted for this pur-
pose are the sea level for altitude, and
81 degrees Fahrenheit for the tempera-
ture. After the proper reductions have
been made the data are put into spe-
cial code form. all of the important ele-
ments of the observation being usually
expressed in not to exceed four words
The object of the code is to lessen the
expense of and errors in transmission.
These kilograms are filed at exactly 8
a. m. and p. M, Washington time,
at all stations. Thus the time at Salt
Lake City and at all stations where
Mountain time is in use is a. m. and
p. m. The facility with which these
messages are handled by the telegraph
companies is shown by the fact that
they generally reach the central Of
flee at Washington, D. C, within 80
minutes from the time of filing, they
having precedence over all commercial
business except death messages Ev-
cry local office issuing a weather map
receives a list of these reports from
selected stations distributed over the
United States, and, in some instances,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15
information From All Sections
of Country Collected With
, Marvellous Speed for the
Weather Map.
BY v. n. CHURCH.

From the earliest history of man
down to the present time, during MS eV-
olution from the wandering savage 10
his present high state of civilization,
many changes in his condition nave
been wrought Nations have risen 10
fall again, science. art and literature
have developed f1ourished. and lapsed
into the oblivion of the dark ages, there
to remain for centuries, only to rise
again and produce for us the enlght-
eminent which we are prone to boast as
our heritage. The changes which nave
occurred during this long interval OF
time in the environments, habits, Gus
toms, modes Of living, dress, speech,
etc, of the various peoples Of the earth,
were no greater than have been the
changes in the nature OF their Voca-
tions, amusements, religions, politics,
forms of speech, and even the subjects
of their everyday thoughts and con-
versations. While these transforma-
lions have been so great as to be almost
inconceivable, yet there is conclusive
evidence that among all Of these re-
volving conditions, there Is one ele-
ment, an influential factor in our daily
lives, that has come down to us possess
sing the same or nearly the same char
acteristics as in former times, and that
is the weather. History informs us
that the weather experienced by our
early ancestors was of practically the
same nature, and passed through the
same varying conditions as il does to-
day, and there can be do doubt that il
formed a general topic for conversation
in the days Of Adam and Noah in
much the same manner as ii does in the
twentieth century. AS subject of con-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15

compilation of these data resulted in the
bringing forth of many hitherto I'M
known facts, and created an interest in
meteorological research by showing
more clearly the analogous features of
storm movements. AS soon as the ma
ture of such movements was discovered,
various theories We're advanced as to
their cause, but none were accepted un-
til 1856 when Professor Ferrel, then a
school teacher in Nashville, Tenn, pro-
mulgated the theory which is given
general credence today. About this
time, the advent of the telegraph in
the commercial field made it possible to
transmit observations taken Simulta-
neously at various places to one central
point, where they could be made avail
able for study without loss of time.
This greatly facilitated the study of
weather conditions over the land areas
and the local effects of typographical
features on storms passing across the
continent. The first commercial use of
this system was in 1869. when Professor
Cleveland Able, now editor of the
Monthly Weather Review, made ar
engagements to collect and chart data
for the use of the board of trade at Gin
cinnati, o. This information was OBJ
tanned from Geographic reports from a
number of stations located in what were
then the chief grain producing states.
National Weather Service.
This experimental beginning proved
the feasibility of the plan, and during
the following year a national weather
service was inaugurated by the war
department and put in active operation
the same year through the Signal corps
of the United States army. Stations
were established in the leading cities,
and at many of the frontier forts
These stations were equipped with
standard barometers, thermometers and
rain cages, and the system of daily
observations was begun. The service
grew, the number of stations was in
creased and their equipment improved
The need for self-recOrding instruments
was soon apparent, and as necessity
became the mother of invention" a few
years later the desired records were
being obtained from such instruments,
which have been improved from time
to time. until they now have reached
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15
Station meteorograph.

a high degree of perfection. At nearly
all of the local offices of the weather
bureau through the country the fol-
lowing automatic records are obtained:
A continuous record of the velocity of
the wind, the wind direction for each
minute, the periods during which sun
shine prevails. a record of rainfall,
each one-hundredth OF an inch being
registered as il falls, thus not only Civ
ing the total amount of the precipita-
ton, but the rate of fall as we'll; con-
tinuous records of air pressure and
temperature. Several other and more
delicate instruments, for special uses
are maintained at a few stations.
Methods of Forecasting.
While there are but few people who
have failed to observe the forecasts
which are placed before them from day
to day, yet il is probable that there
are many who are unfamiliar with the
methods employed in their prepare ton
To such people a visit 20 any local Of
flee of the United States weather bu-
reau would be productive of much bene-
fit, as there they would receive
correct and detailed explanation of the
manner in which this valuable infor-
nation is prepared. Great interest is
manifested by such visitors usually
and in some instances the questions
asked show that very erroneous ideas
are sometimes developed from poorly
drawn conclusions or from misinforma-
ton. Not a few have imagined that
there is machine which produces GER
tain forecasts in accordance with par
ticular weather conditions, the proper
forecast being indicated by a pointer,
something after the manner of the in
dicator on the ordinary cheap aneroid
barometers. Others believe that the
observer visits the roof of the build
ing at frequent intervals. and from
the conditions in the appearance of the
sky propounds a guess" on what the
weather will be. While these are only
examples of the average person, yet if
is a pleasant duty for the weather bu-
reau official to correct such erroneous
impressions when the opportunity is
afforded. 1t is customary at the pres
ent time for the students attending
high schools and colleges throughout
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15

versation, it breaks the barriers of con-
ventionalit1' between strangers who
have met through chance; it is the prin-
cipal subterfuge resorted to in chang
ing the course of gossip which some
times approaches too near to personali-
ties; 1t is ofttimes adequate in bridging
the chasm of an awkward pause, and
seems, for the same purposes, to be as
useful today, as it undoubtedly was in
preceding centuries.
Influence of Weather.
1t is doubtful if any OF us realize to
what extent the weather exercises an
influence over our physical and mental
feelings. While the strife for wealth
and honor seems to be the chief aim
of mankind, yet many have given up
the race in order that they might lead
the simple life in localities where Ma
lures smiles are sweetest, far removed
from Winters storms and chilling
blasts. Theories have heen expressed
tat, when the atmospheric pressure is
much below the normal value in any To-
cality. there is produced a mental de-
preston upon persons susceptible to
such. and data have been collected and
published. in an effort to prove that
brutal crimes, suicides and cases of in
sanity are more frequent during such
periods of deficient atmospheric pres
sure. But regardless of whether such a
theory can ever be conclusively proved
or not, there is a fact that must be
conceded by all, that in cases usually
diagnosed as "the blues" the symptoms
are more likely to appear on dull and
dismal days, and that the speediest and
most effective remedy is a day of clear
skies and bright sunshine. People who
are subject to rheumatism claim to be
able to foretell approaching storms by
feeling 1t in their bones" Hence an
element which exerts such an influence
over our physical selves, and so great
iy affects all lines of commercial activ-
ity, must possess some features of in
terest to every intelligent human being.
meteorological Research.
While arithmetic, geometry, astron-
omy, chemistry, physics and kindred
sciences were studied and deyeloped
long before the Christian era. the sci
ence of meteorology remainei practic-
ally an unknown quantity until the
nineteenth century. When the study
of the science took definite form, the
principal authentic weather data avail
able were the records kept by the num-
erous sea-going vessels of the world. A
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15

Canada and Mexico. These reports are
generally all received at each station
within one and one-half hours from the
time of observation.
The Weather Map.
The data contained in these reports
is then entered upon a map of the
United States, that for each station
being entered near or over the CORE
spending station. Lines are then drawn
through places having the same pres
sure, and other lines through places
of equal temperature. The pressure
lines when thus drawn outline the
areas of high and low pressure. the
center of the area being marked with
the corresponding word, high" or
low" In the latitude of the United
States, these are of high and low pres
sure move in a general eastward di-
rection, in conformity with the direc-
ton of the rotation of the earth upon
its axis Those who have studied for
considerable periods of time the weather
as it exists within and about these
areas of high and low pressure, find
that the attending conditions of tenn
perature and rainfall are quite constant
under any particular pressure distri-
button With the velocity, direction,
extent and general characteristics of
storm areas known, 1t becomes posi-
BILE for the experienced forecaster to
outline the weather conditions for the
territory in the paths of these storms
for some little time in advance This
very brief outline, from which all
scientific terms have been omitted,
will serve to give the reader a hint
of the correct method used by the fore
caster. At the present time forecasts
are made for periods of thirty-six
hours, and in some instances for sixty
hours, and with the advancement of
meteorological science it is hoped that
at no distant date these periods can
be extended without lessening the ac-
curacy of the forecasts.
Accuracy Of Forecasts.
There are some yhO are skeDtical as to
the proficiency made in the forecasts of
the weather bureau. The main reason
for this is undoubtedly due to the fact
that such critics fail to adopt an.y stand
ard, or if they do select one, to allow it
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15
Development of Bureau.

The weather bureau service was trans
Ierred from the war department to the
department of agriculture on July / 1891
PROFESSOR Willis L. Moore became chief
of the bureau on Jan. l, 1895. and con-
tinues in that position at the present
time. During his administration the bu-
reau has experienced its greatest deyel-
opment and expansion. To his indefati-
gable energy much of this great improve
ment of the service is due 1t has heen
his constant aim to keep abreast of the
progressive spirit of the times to develop
any line of research or investigation COM
ing within the jurisdiction of his DEPART
ment that may become of practical value
TO mankind, to furnish all information
concerning weather and climate that can
be possibly obtained, for the furtherance
Of commercial interests of every kind
and to place within the reach of the gen.
erai public a knowledge of METEOROLOGICAL
science that will enable it to appreciate
the value and comprehend the objects of
the bureau. Every encouragement has
been lent to the accomplishment of this
end and today meteorological instruction
Is being given in q considerable percent
age of the schools of the country, and
meteorOlOgy has been added as an oh
many educational institutions throughout
the country. Where available the serv-
ices of weather bureau officials are lent
TO colleges and universities for the pur-
pose of giving lecture courses and class
instruction in meteOrOlOgy. The man en-
tering the business world tomorrow does
SO with a knowledge of weather science
that enables him to adapt it to his par
ticular field, while those of today have
learned the lesson through experience.
and those of yesterday were as unfortu-
nate in not having this useful advantage
as they were in not having the many use
full improvements of all kinds that have
only come to light in recent years.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15
Scientific and Practical.

The province of this article has not
been to enter into a discussion of the sci
ence of meteorology, but rather to brief
ly outline in a general manner the ma
ture and scope of the work undertaken
by the United States weather bureau
Everything of a scientific and technical
nature has been purposely omitted, and
all statements confined to plain and sim
pie facts. The weather bureau has long
since ceased to be looked upon with SUI
perstition and doubt, but has become d
scientific and practical reality in the pub
lie eye, and one which Is as essential to
the public welfare today as our postal
service, telegraph companies. railroads, cI
mark the progressive age in which We
live.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15
Tipping bucket gauge.

such forecasts can be readily understood,
when one stops to consider that storms
seldom require more than six to eight
days to cross the United States from the
Pacific to the Atlantic, even during the
summer season, while those of the win
ter months often accomplish the distance
in one-haif the time. How can 1t be pos
Sible, then, that individual storms can be
foretold for months before their birth ?
That is one of the secrets of nature that
has not been divulged to man, although
it is hoped that scientific research will
for months in advance, and possibly for
an entire season, but il is doubtful if
individual storms can ever be foreca sted
before they have actually formed.
Value of Forecasts.
The value of weather forecasts has be-
come so great to every line of business
for them. Their distribution to every
part of the continent. to rural commune
ties as well as to cities, has become an
immense undertaking, as q forecast or
warning to be of value must reach those
to be benefited by it within a few hours
of the time of its Issue. To the newspa-
pers and telephone companies great
credit is due for their assistance in this
enormous task. Having foreseen the BEN
efitS of this information to their patrons,
they have lent every aid within their
power and haye placed the weather fore
casts and special warnings daily before
a multitude, whom il would have been
pense. At the close of the last fiscal
year there were over / 600 telephone com
panies in the United States that were. CO.
operating with the weather bureau in the
distribution of forecasts, making it posi-
BILE for no less than 100000 people to OBJ
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15
Accuracy Of Forecasts.

There are some -yhO are SkeDtical as to
the proficiency made in the forecasts of
the weather bureau. The main reason
for this is undoubtedly due to the fact
that such critics fail to adopt any stand
ard, or if they do select one, to allow it
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15
RECORDING IND PURCHASING OF WEATHER
rs REDUCED TO II SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM
Vast Saving of Property and
Lives on High Seas Among
Noble Achievements of the
Bureau.

to be SO flexible as to be valueless in
the verification of forecasts, the general
tendency being to exploit the failures of
the forecaster and to pass over his sue
cesses with little or no notice The only
correct standard for verification of fore
casts is the one which gives to the fore
caster the same percentage of credit for
his successes as is deducted for his fail
ures. The standards used by the weather
bureau are rigid, both as to the condi-
tons forecasted and the particular per-
iods of time to which they apply, and
any serious attempts made to ridicule Of
ffciaI forecasts prove. that the author is
ignorant of the methods and standards
of notification in use. To such persons
it may occasion some surprise to know
that the percentage of correct forecasts
averages from s. to 95 per cent, according
to the locality for which they are made.
The lower percentage is confined to dis
tricts where the topography of the coun-
try has a strong DETECTING or modifying
influence upon storms passing over that
region, such as the mountain districts of
our western states, while the higher per-
centages obtain in localities where winds
are constant in nature and direction, such
as regions within the influence of large
bodies of water
Long Range Forecasts.
Weather representations prepared by
sO-called long range forecasters have
gained some notice in a few localities,
uOuDllcSS IIOl TIE IdCL liidl StOTU1 areas
move across the country with such fire.
quency that a forecast of a storm in any
quarter will generally be verified within
a very few days of the date announced.
Any person with a knowledge of the. gen
eral paths of storms in the United States,
by using the same ambiguous terms,
could prepare a list of stereotyped fore
casts. and assign them dates by chance
drawings, and by the flexible vertical
tons generally allowed to such forecasts
be abe to make the same percentage of
accuracy, practically no more or less,
than 10 these self-styled weather proph-
cts of long range fame. The fallacy of
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15
C. w. MIDDLETON,

Paper Hanger and Painter. Residence.
1855 So Twelfth East. Ind. phone
1851.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1908-03-15

tain this information by simply calling
central" a number nearly double that
at the close of the previous year. A con-
siderable percentage of these people live
in rural communities where the newspa-
pers could not reach them in time to
render the forecasts of value to them
The number of persons reached by the
daily papers is greater than by any other
method, and is beyond estimate Dis
tributions are also made by mail, rural
free delivery carriers, telegraph, rail-
roads, display of flags and other signals
and. in fact, by every conceivable meth
Cd that Is deemed practicable.
Save Property and Lives.
1t is impossible to estimate the value
of forecasts and warnings but it Is
known that in some instances the say
ing of property to shipping interests
alone. from single storm, has exceeded
the total cost of maintenance of the