davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

killed.. and as a result it so melts or softens
that the diamonds can be washed out
Of it.
Every one Of these great mines has its
own fields for such rock weathering
There are at least 5000 acres in all. OF
these. in the neighborhood of 1000 acres
belong to each pipe, and all are now
covered with this rock. containing
diamonds There are about 1O,nO,GoO
carloads lying out under the SUM- and
am told that there is something like $50
100000 worth of diamonds In them
Guarding the Fields.
In looking over these fields one seldom
sees diamonds, but the brilliants are
there and they must be carefully guarded.
Think OF 25.OOO.OOO being scattered over
the earth within easy reach of any town
Of 10000 in the United States. and you
have the situation at Kimberley. You
would imagine that the fields would be
raided and the stuff carried off. 1t is not
The fields are guarded day and night by
men who march around them with guns
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

coils and distributed to the various
rooms that are to be warmed. The
warmed air ascends through two sets
of gratings in the roof of the lofty
duct Git is probably twenty feet in
places to the roof of this passageway
or tunneD, one set of gratings leading
the air to the republican side of the
chamber and the other set conducting
1t to the democratic side. The air pass
es into a series of pipes which conduct
it to the desks of the members and to
every desk in the galleries. its escape
being provided for through the bronze
gratings in the supports of the desks
Each desk is provided with valves or
hampers so that every member can
regulate the warmth distributed to him.
The engineer regulates the flow Of air
and the warmth of il. The degree OF
heat is regulated by the aid OF a marble
switchboard, where the engines can
throw on as many coils of steam pipes
as may be necessary to get the right
temperature by simply touching a small
lever. On this switchboard are dials in
dicating the steam pressure. the degree
of heat, the pressure in the air COM
pressor governing the steam coils. and
Il thermostat. The latter is a wonderful
contrivance which enables the engineer.
by making an electrical connection with
electric coils differently situated, to as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

in their hands. They have electric lights
which keep them bright from sunset to
sunrise. and they are surrounded by
high fences OF barbed wire, the strands
being close together that a man can
not crawl through. and so high that he
cannot easily climb over them. Their,
are two of these fences around every
field. They are about twenty or thirty
feet apart. and the guards march be
tween them. If n thief could crawl over
the first fence h. would be sure to be shot
before he got to the second, and SO the
diamonds are comparatively safe
Washing Out Diamonds.
This blue ground is brought 20 the
fields in ste,l cars There are 100 miles
OF railroad track which run from the
mines to the floors and from them to the
crushing and washing machines. which
handle the earth. after its melting. Over
every car track is a steel cable. and the
thousands of cars are moved by the steam
engines Of the five central plants.
saw the process OF washing out
diamonds at the De Beers mine. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

heated and remained so even when the
heat was shut off in the pipes so that
some of the legislators. and especially
Senator Hoar. it is said, complained OF
the discomfort only to find that 1t could
not be remedied. The ventilation also
was unsatisfactory, and at length Supt.
Woods and Prof. g. H. Woodbridge, lee
turer at the Boston Institute of Technol-
Ogy and consulting expert on heating and
ventilation at the Capitol. devised a COM
plete new system. First Of alb each of
the great groups Of pipes was divided into
groups Of two, three and four units, SO
that 1t was easy to call into use as needed
two. three. four. five. six. seven or nine
tirely by valves In the engine room. and
the engineer easily manages the heat
question by simply turning on the num-
Der of units required to make the tenn
perature comfortable in any part OF the
building.
This has nothing to do with the alb
sence of chimneys. of course. and be-
fore going on to speak OF the Ventiiat-
ing system it may be as we'll to explain
that a big fan was installed in the at
tic at each end of the Capitol. and
through a sheet-iron pipe. perhaps two
feet in diameter. connected with every
chimney in the building, draft was
created in every chimney and the smoke
through heavy wire netting placed over
a vent provided in existing construc-
tions on the roof. The smoke. mixed
with n great deal Of air. Is forced out
under such high pressure that ordina-
rily 1t is not noticed at all. although in
cold weather. when a good many fires
are burning. persons who have noticed
it and who could not see any chimney
Of conventional design to account for Its
presence have thought that the building
was on Are. Thus the unsightly CHM
neys and their uglier tops have been
done away with. and the lawmakers are
able to have all the CHEEKY fires they
wish without being suffocated by the
smoke.
The ventiIating system is seemingly
simple when 1t Is explained. but. the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

which is perforated with holes ami this
is sunk into boiling water AS the water
touches the grease ii melts and goes TO
the top and may be poured off. leaving
only the scraps Of metal and the dia-
mcncs. The diamonds are picked out
and cleaned AID sorted. after which they
are ready TO te valued for the market
Sorting Diamonds.
I spent some time watching the dia-
after the grease was poured off Each
man had on table before him a handful
q diamonds OF all shapes ard sizes. and
he was picking them up one by one with
pair of tweezers ard dropping them
into tin cup. which cost. l venture, less
than . cents AS / watched one of these
men he lifted Up little white stone. say
Ing: This is worth $500 and then showed
me another rot much larger wort h
double that sum. The manager afterward
poured out pint OF diamonds on the
table. Showing: me some that were worth
vi" carat and others much cheaper. He
took up little scoop shovel and with ii
threw the diamonds back into the cup.
handlinssthem rs though they We're peas.
Later or l visited the companys Of
fees in Kimberley Itself. ard was show:
quarts Of diamonds from The various
mircs. The scrters can tell b. its shape
and color from just which pipe each d.a-
mond comes, and / was shown specimens
from every mine. | iad N my hand
little bundie which contained about u
pint OF small stones, the va!us Of wh'Gh
Appropriated Eaif :. million dol ars. and
I was shown cher bundles cont tanning
brii!iants as Zig as the ED Of my fin
ger. Some of these rough stones had
smooth edges and they Were almost peb-
hes In shape. Others apr AIRED ready for
setting. ana sCrie Wer" broken ard chipneG
frouI ether storcs. Many o. the Diamonds
contained flaws. bl,t here We're many
which were ab-u:Hteiy perfecr. TIE dis
monds were OF Different colors Some
were as yc!!ov- g topazes others a iigh;
blue tint arc o;acrs puro w:i-te
Buying Diamonds.
All tie diamonds OF the De Beers Com
pany now go to the diamond syndicate.
This is a sort OF trust which contracts
to take the whol, profits of the mines No
to certain point for five years at a
time 1t agrees to- take SO many million
dollars worth Of diamonds every year
at fixed price. and more il the demand
iustifies j.: The syndicate cannot take
less than it agrees. but it may buy more
at the sam: price if the demand in
c.ease:. one provision IS that the De
Peers Company shall sell TO no one els,
during til. term Of tho contract This
syndicata Is independent of The DaReers
Company, although many men belonging
to that company are members of the
syndicate.
On account Of this arrangement il is not
al easy tElng for stranger to buy a
diamCnd in Kimberley. and any one Who
might purchase rough stone of a native
woulc b. liz danger OF prison The
laws here provide that he who BUYS dia-
nonds mus first take out a license and
that all diamonds bought and sold must
he shown to the government officials in
order that they may be valued for Gus
TOMS. In fact. every man who takes "a
diamond out OF South Africa must have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

strange devices were erected to counter
act the antics of the winds. Senator Till
the bluff statesman from South Carolina
was fairly smoked out of his committee
room at times. But all that. under the
direction of Elliott Woods, the Sperin--
/: rounds. has been changed, and when
the new office buildings were designed 1t
= was determined to have chimneys IN
them at ALL Also most. If not all. of ths
chimneys on the Capitol have disappeared
and an improved system Of ventilating.
considered the best In existence, was de-
vised and installed.
In what now seem far-off days to this
generation. Gen. M; c. Meiss. superin,,
tendent Of construction on the north and
south wings of the CaDftol-about 1s5S-61
(when Jefferson Davis was Secretary
Of War declared that he had given more
careful thought to the heating and ven
tilation of the building than to any other
problem confronting him.
The Former Methods.
What he caused to be installed was con-
sidered in those days a marvel Of inge-
nuity and efficiency, 1t being one Of the
first steam heating installations, and an
object of much pride and admiration on
the part of all who had anything to do
with it.. Nowadays 1t is considered to
have been excessive in its proportions and
i'll arranged for control. The number OF
steam valves. for instance. in one wing
alone Of the building was about 800, and
nearly all Of them were so placed as to be
almost inaccessible. To regulate the heat 1t
was generally necessary to climb over fur
niture, boxes and books. open heavy doors
and manipulate valves both at the top and
the bottom of great stacks of steam pipes
Moreover the air entered from the out
side at the bottom Of these pipes some
times at a temperature below zero. and
chilled the steam, not infrequently caus-
ing the pipes to freeze
Finally the governing Of the heat by
means Of the valves became so much
trouble that they were abandoned alto
gether and the temperature was main
tanned constantly at an inordinately high
point. Even the walls became super
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

surface the blue clay containing the dia-
monds.
On the Diamond Floors.
have spent a part Of this week in 60
ing with the diamond ore to the fields or
floors where 1t is left to weather. and in
following 1t to the washing machines
where the jewels are finally won. AS the
rock comes to the surface it bears no
sign of them. have looked over several
thousand cars of it. but have not seen a
single brilliant imbedded in the blue. and
am told that the priceless stones are
seldom discovered. except when they
come out IN the washing.
This blue ground is a. hard as rock. 1
can Just scratch it with my knife. 1t is
so hard that you could drive nail with a
chunk of IT, and II takes heavy ham
mer to break It. The ground is carried
from the mines to the floors and spread
out there to a depth of one foot, all over
the surface. 1t lies out for about a year.
being plowed and narrowed from time to
time. IT the weather Is dry it is sprin-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

working out Of it required much thought
and study.
Taking in the Air Supply.
Briefly, air is taken in at the stone
towers one sees on the Capitol grounds
to the west of the building, drawn
through tunnels by great fans into
chambers heated with batteries Of steam
pipes, and then forced by fans into the
House and Senate chambers. corridors
and committee rooms. BY taking the
air through the stone towers out on the
Capitol grounds. away FROM all contami-
mating influences, pure and fresh sup
ply is assured The main conduits are
almost as wide and much higher than
any railroad tunnel, assuring a plentiful
supply, and when the great sixteen foot
double fans are being driven at a We
locity Of 10 revolutions a minute by the
powerful dynamos the current in the
glittering white tunnels is powerful
enough to sweep strong man off his
feet.
The fresh air is first delivered through
Iron gratings into a chamber where n
series of steam coils 200 yards from the
intake towers heats it to any temporal
ture desired, perhaps 60 or TO- Fahren-
heit. 1t is then forced against seco-,cry
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04
bATTEw< 5TEA11 @alz5 WINCH Hear EE.KK
Taking in the Air Supply.

working out Of it required much thought
and study.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

LENEN THOUSAND acres OF ola-
monds.
r. Hundreds of fields of blue clay
IL sprinkled with jewels.
mighty farm where the bril-
liants lie out under the sun and the dia-
mondiferous earth is worked with steam
harrows,
These are some of the things you may
see any day here at Kimberley. Last
wear the crop from this vast diamond
farm amounted To So OnO.OOO. II was
equal 10 more than S1C0,GoO for every
working day the whole year through 1t
was. mere than so for every minute. or
moro than 81 for every tick OF the watch
through all the minutes of all the hours
o. all the days OF that year.
All The soil of this mighty farm has
been taken cut OF the diamond pipes.
which have described In previous let
,er. There are five such pipes at Kim
N"~'ay ana each contains pudding OF this
huc clay. sprinkled with white currants
- C'arrords. The pipes range from eight
hundred feet TO several times that In di-
fn~tor. Two of them. the kimberley ana
tho De Beers. have already been exca-
vated 20 depth OF more than two thou
sd fe7t. ard the three others. the Wes-
sr,:on. the Bulfontein and the Dutoitspan.
row being mined at FIVE hundred or
mere feet from the surface In every
pipe the blue rock has been found con-
t'nuous and everywhere il is peppered
with diamonds How far down the de-
pOsits go no one knows. In the kimber-
I v they have been probed to a depth OF
mere than half mile. that il Is no
exasgerat.on to say that there are hum
dreds cf millions of dollars worth of dia
monds II sight.
AS TO the origin OF the gems, they are
supposed 10 be volcanic. and MI Gardiner
Williams. who managed the mines for
twenty years. believes that they were
shot up by mud volcanoes. There no
doubt but that the pipes were formed by
some coavulsion OF nature. and that II
was at about the same time that the
Jewels appeared.
The mining. as i have described. con-
sists Of blasting out and raising to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

wv HY There Are No Chin
w neys on the Capitol
Building-Gen. M. c. Meigs
Installed the First Ventilating
and Heating Plants, Which
Were, However, Abandoned
on Account of Their Cumber-
some Proportions Ventila-
ton Was Unsatisfactory and
Prof. S. H. Woodbridge and
Supt. Woods Devised the
New System, Which Has
Proved Satisfactory - Pure
and Fresh Supply of Air Is
Always Assured - Heat Is
Regulated to a Nicely by
Means of a Marble Switch
board Operated by the Engi-
neer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

- OF AIR at the Capitol! Yes,
1t is Of two kinds. however,
IL the kind INDUCED in by the
statesmen at both ends of the
big building. which has experimenting eff
feet upon the legislative chambers. and
the kind which gives physical warmth
and comfort to the aforesaid gentlemen,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-04

THE Diamond Pipes and
! Their Blue Ground-Mil-
lior5 of Dollars Lying Out IN
the Open-How the Rock Is
Misunderstanding Diamonds
With Axle Grease-Among
the Sorters and Buyers-Ten
Thousand Native Miners Who
Dig Diamonds-Their Queer
Smuggling Methods-Watch-
ing for Thieves.
copyright 1908. by Frank G. Carp'l r'-'
Special Correspondence of The star
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1908-07-28
1t Is an Awful Sensation, That
Which Accompanies Summer Grippe

will be nearest the figure s. You will
look like a horse that has been used
for an example of the cowboys skill
in wild west show. Your head will
rest upon your knees and your lower
extremities will complete the loop.
You will not stay this way long. O.
no. You will flop over face down
ward, then back to one side or the
other, try seeking comfort on your
back and then give up in disgust. ar
companied by repeated groans Your
back will ache, YOUR head will buzz
and you will have pains in the eyes.
You will lie awake at night thinking
of the tortures of the inquisition and
say they couldn't have been like this.
But that is the summer grippe. 1t
is an epidemic. I've had il. my wife's
had 1t, my sons had it, my daughters
had IL and everybody else but mother
in-law and the doctor SAYS she'll have
1t. Everybody does.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1908-07-28
Lace Made From Hair.

The most curious lace Is called point
tresse. 1t is very rare and was made
of human hair. French collectors say
that it exists in the present day only
III their cabinets. 1t was confined to
the early part of the sixteenth century,
Margaret. countess of Lennox, the
mother of the wretched Darnley, sent
from the tower where she was i'm
prisoned when her son, Lord Charles
Lennox, married the daughter of Bess
Of Hardwicke, bit of this kind of
lace to Mary. queen of Scots. This is
very strong proof of her belief in the
queens innocence of the guilt that had
been imputed to her. The little square
Of point tresse was worked by the old
countess own hands from her owr
gray hair. 1t was. in fact. hair mixed
with fine fiax.-London Express.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1908-07-28
WHEAT CROP THIS
YEAR IS LARGE
Quality Is Also Above the
Standard.

Farmers of Wayne county have prac-
tically completed havesting one of the
best wheat crops in the history of the
county and are now marketing it for a
price that is above the average, 50
cents. This is the reason why the
sturdy tillers of the soil are now driv-
ing into Richmond for supplies wear
ing happy smiles. These farmers
generously share their good fortune
with the merchants over the county.
The wheat crop in this county just
harvested is not as large as some OF
the crops in former years, but at that
it is a good sized crop and way above
standard in quality. There was not
as large an acreage of wheat sown
this year as has been in the past, this
space being reserved for other crops
The crop this year was larger than the
one last year. 1t would have been
considerably larger but for the appear.
ance of the joint worm which did some
damage to the crop. This was the
first appearance of the pest in Wayne
county, and prompt steps have been
taken, through the assistance of the
United States department of agricul-
ture, to eXterminate this insect.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1908-07-28
TO ENTER SOCIETY"
You must Have Treasure, Tempera-
ment and Tact.

You must Have Treasure, Tempera-
ment and Tact.
To enter paradise you had to be
good and you had to be dead To
enter society you do not have to be
either. On the contrary, though what
you do have to be is harder to tell
than it is to get there. But certain
requisites may be mentioned. These
are treasure. temperament and tact
Treasure, which is the basis of all
scrumptiousness, speaks for itself.
Temperament is more complex. Tenn
permanent is the art of holding your
own on the subject Of nothing at all
with experts who have devoted their
lives to the subject. That is clearly
abnormal. Tact, while less unnatural.
is more abstruse. Tact is the ability
to put your vibrations into harmony
with those of others about you. AS
pirants may be rich. righteous and
ready, vet if they lack that ability.
whatever their efforts, they are no.
where. If they possess it, then, though
they be nobodies. they have only to
choose where they want to go and get
there-generally speaking, that is, and
provided they are not in a hurry.
Taste is very mercantile. besides being
nbecoming.-Edgar Saltus in Broad
way Magazine.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1908-07-28
A GREAT SuRF fiiSE.

The Singular Nobeman Who Wanted
an American Heiress.
The American father of the heiress
greeted the count who was sutton for
her hand with dignifed frigidity.
"Sare," said the count, your daugh
ter has done me re honnaire of con-
senting to be my wife. l am called
to complete re negotiations"
'All right" YEARLY said the father
How much of cash settlement do
you expects?
Messing, sare."
What, How much will 1 have to
pay for your poker debts?'
Messing, sare. | do not gamble"
How much will l have to pay to
rebuild your CASTER"
Messing, sare. 1t is in fine repair.
But there must be some expense for
me. Out with itv'
mo, sare; Messing. 1 simply love
your daughter and she loves me, and
we wish to be married. Is not zat
enough? Is it not enough to ask you
to give me your daughter wizzout
your expecting to-
Come to my arms exclaimed the
American father and tried to fall upor
the neck of the delighted count
But he awoke on the floor, having
tumbled from his bed as finish to his
amazing dream-Judge
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1908-07-28
QUEER ACTIONS GET
HIM IN TROUBLE
Ralph Lantz of Milton Is Be-
Iieved to Be Mentally
Unbalanced.
PLACED UNDER ARREST.
HE HAS TRAVELLED ABOUT THE
COUNTRY QUITE EXTENSIVELY
BUT NOT UNTIL YESTERDAY
WAS HE PLACED IN CUSTODY.

Because of his eccentric actions and
the belief that he may be mentally
unbalanced, Ralph Lantz, son of Mr..
and Mrs. Thomas Lantz of Milton,
was arrested by Sheriff Meredith at
the interurban station yesterday after
noon. Young LantZ is one of the best
known young men of Milton. He is
prominent in fraternal circles and I'M
til his mental disorder became appar-
ent he was believed to have a bril-
liant future in store. His father is the
we'll known undertaken.
Young Lantz has travelled about the
country extensively of late. AT Chi
cagO he became stranded and applied
to a fraternal order to which he be-
longs for assistance. Upon wiring his
home lodge, the Chicago officers were
informed of the young mans condi-
ton. At Columbus, Ohio, Lantz was
met by a Cambridge City resident
with whom he is acquainted, last
June. Lantz told the friend he was
at Columbus for the purpose of marry
ing a young woman he expected to
arrive on the next train. Announce
ment was IDade yesterday by a local
paper of the engagement of Lantz to
a Detroit, Mich, woman.
The case of the young man is one
fraught with pity. He is shrewd and
very clever when in a rational mood
and these qualities seem to grow
when suffering from the delirium. 1t
is reported that the parents objected
to his being placed in restraint until
yesterday morning. 1t is reported the
young man struck his mother. He
came to this city afterward and is
said to have created a disturbance on
an interurban car by attempting to
place his arm about a woman, whom
1t is said was stranger to him.