davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
Pasture In New England.


The pasture problem threatens the
future of New England dairy farming.
The old hill pastures are slowly but
surely running out and are keeping
fewer and fewer cattle every year.
Most Of them cannot be plowed at
any reasonable cost under present con-
ditions of farm labor, and clearing off
the bushes is of only temporary bene-
fit. Unless pastures can be plowed
and cultivated for a few years there
seems to be no hope for them, and
they gradually turn into wood lots, thus
reducing the dairy capacity Of the
farm. Many pastures are needlessly
Injured by turning the stock out too
early in the spring, especially when
1t has been eaten close the preceding
year. They tramp the soil too wet and
gnaw the young plants too close to the
ground. 1t is much better to let the
grass get a good start, then put on
the stock long enough to eat down the
grass and move them to another pas
ture. Unless pastures are large enough
to be divided in this way they quickly
become injured under ordinary meth
DDS. 1t is an expensive way, but per-
haps it is the only way to manage
without grazing the land too close.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
Prairie Hay Crop.

The prairie hay crop In the western
two-thirds Of Kansas promises to be
heavier this year than for many years
past. Prairie hay properly cured and
taken care Of has a feeding value
greater than any other hay produced
In this section except alfalfa or clover.
Usually the grass Is not cut as early
az It should be. Prairie grass should
be cut early to make the best feed.
The first Of August is none too early
to begin haying. Prairie hay Is also,
as a rule, not as well stacked as it
should be, and the percentage Of loss
on account Of stacking is large. More
prairie hay is fed to horses in the
cities Of the country than any other
hay. Each year the value Of bright,
early cut hay is increasing. Poor pra1-
RE hay Is Of slow sale. This fact only
serves to demonstrate that the feeding
value Of late cut and blackened prairie
hay Is not SO great, and feeders will
not pay as much money for it as for
the bright hay. Hundreds Of acres
Of Kansas land are set aside for the
production Of native prairie grass hay.
To realize the greatest profits, either
for feeding Oh through sales, 1t should
be properly cared for.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
An Unappreciated Plant.

Chives is a vegetable not widely
known in this country. 1t is native
along the northern borders of the
United States as well as in some parts
Of Europe, where 1t is popular. The
plant belongs to the onion family, and
Its leaves are used for seasoning In
soups, salads, ETC., and are preferred
to onions by many persons because
they are much milder and more tender.
Europeans use chives for seasoning
scrambled eggs and similar dishes.
The culture Of ch1yes is simple. The
plant will grow in any ordinary gar
den soil. 1t is usually propagated by
division of the roots, because it does
not seed readily. The roots or clumps
Of roots may be purchased at moderate
prices. The clumps should be plant
ed in beds about nine inches apart in
rows which are two feet apart. The
planting may be done in either spring
or autumn. The chives may also be
planted in the border of the vegetable
garden and makes an excellent perma-
nent border. AS a border plant the
clumps should be planted about six
inches apart. The leaves will grow
thickly and form a dense green mat.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05

Once the boards are In position only a
few minutes are required to finish the
process, and, is a rule, l do that part
Of the work myself. The boards are
kept together by a wire hook caught
across the two boards on opposite
sides of the rows of celery at each end
Of the boards. This is done over the
entire patchsuntilH nothing of the celery
Is visible but the greer. tops showing
above the boards. Four or five days
after boarding the celery Is ready to
ship.
Though the shipping time means eX-
ira hard work, l always enjoy it, not
only because it comes at a time of
the year when l enjoy being out of
doors, but because it. brings money re
turns. You get the fruits Of your five
months labor, and If you have kept
up with the market you can cal
culate within a fraction of a cent what
each shipment will bring you. The
wire hooks are jerked off the boards
and the tall bleached stalks of celery
pulled up bunch by bunch. A few
strokes of a sharp knife, and the roots,
with the few unsightly outer stalks,
drop off, and the transformed plant is
loaded into the baskets to be taken
to the washing and packing shed.
This final process should be done In
fresh cold water, and the celery should
be washed and picked over until each
bunch looks as white and glossy as
ivory. 1t is then put q dozen punches
at q time into a wooden form and tied
with tape the color preferred by the
grower into d square, compact bundle.
All excess top is trimmed away, and
the bundles pare then packed while
into paper lined crates.
l have sold celery as low as 20
cents a dozen and as high as 81. The
first price hardly pays, while the latter
gives enormous profits from the farm
er's standpoint. In the New York mar
ket O grower can count on getting 40
cents q dozen for good celery and 60
cents q dozen for all extras. That
gives a good living profit and has ad-
vantage of being sure.
After paying oil bills for labor, fer
%tilizer, rent on land (Which Of course
goes into my own pocket and is only
a matter Of form, the wear and tear
IN the greenhouse, garden tools and
the boards l always count on having
$1,000 a year from my little patch of
ground.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
Notice Of Service by Publication.

State Of North Carolina, In Superior
Rowan county. court.
JOS. H. McNeely, plaintiff,
Walter Geo. Newman defendant,
NOTICE OF SUMMONS AND WARRANT OF
ATTACHMENT.
The defendant above named will
take notice that a summons in the
above entitled action was issued on
the 3rd day of June, 1908, against said
defendant by J. f. McCubhins, Clerk
of the Superior court of Rowan county,
and complaint flied claiming the sum
of 1924 80 due said plaintiff by account
and breach Of contract, which sum-
mons is returnable to the August term
of Rowan Superior court, at Salisbury,
n. G., being August 31st, 1908. The
defendant will also take notice that a
warrant OF attachment was issued by
said j. +. McCubbins, Clerk of the Su-
perior court OF Rowan county against
the property of the said defendant, to-
wit:
One tract or parcel of land lying and
being in Gold Hill township. Rowan
county, bounded by metes and bounds
as follows: Beginning at a stone, Mrs.
j. l.. Rothrock's corner, in the middle
OF the Main street; thence with said
street, s. 45 dogs. W. 4 poles and 10
links to a stone; thence S. Sc dogs. E.
% loles and II links to a stone on L.
d. McCarnes' line; thence Ms poles
and II links to a stone, Mrs il. Roth
rocks corner; thence N. Sc dogs. w,
10 poles ard 8 links to the beginning,
which warrant of attachment is re-
turnable before the Judge of Superior
court OF Rowan county III Salisbury, N.
g.. on the 31st day Of August, 1908,
being the time and place for the le-
turn OF the summons, when and where
the defendant is required to appear
and answer or demur to the complaint,
OF the relief demanded will be granted
j. F. MCCUBBINs,
clerk superior court.
John j. Stewart, attorney. 6-34
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05

nj, were out Aug. 18. The larvae were
..o"n and began %pupating Sept. 10
The first adult emerged in confinement
Sept. %, and others continued to come
forth until Oct. 2. In 1898 larvae III
confinement began to pupate Sept o.
and all had pupated Sept. IL. sept
ID adults began to emerge and con
tinue to come out until Sept. ". u
the latter part Of September Sept 70
and later the adults of the secohd
brood emerge and place their eggs
about the trees. The female moth Is
wingless and after emerging does ho'
leave her loose silk cocoon. The eggs
covered with frothy MATERIAL are
placed upon the outside of this, where
they remain clinging to a twig or 10
bark of the trunk. When leaves are
gone from the trees, a search OF u
or apple trees in an orchard VIII az
most invariably show some OF THESE
masses.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
August time, tells on the nerves

August time, tells on the nerves.
But that spiritless, no ambition
feeling can be easily and quick
ly altered by taking what is
known by druggists every
where as DR.. Shoop's Resto-
rative. Within 48 hours after be.
ginning to use the Restorative, I'M
provement will he noticed. Of
course, full health will not imme-
diately return. The gain, how
ever, will surely follow, And
best of all, you will realize and
feel your strengh aud ambition as
it is returning. Outside in
fuences depress first the inside
ner es' then the stomach. Heart.
and Kidneys will usually fail,
Strengthen these failing nerves
with DR.. Shops Restorative and
o how quickly health will be
yours again. Sold by Cornelison
& Cook.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
The Irish (?) Potato.

The potato is a native of the Andes,
particularly Of Chile and Peru. and
some writer's claim that 1t was found
growing wild as far north as the
Toitec gorge in southern Colorado. It
probably was first introduced into Eu-
rope by the Spaniards about the mid
die of the sixteenth century. In 1856
it was taken to England from Vir-
ginia, where, however, it was prob
ably derived from a Spanish source.
Its progress in Europe was slow, its
culture, even in Ireland, not becoming
general until the middle of the eight
zenith century, but it Is now a staple
food In most temperate climates.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05

A few slender hairs arise from the
head and body. When ready to be-
come pupae they draw the leaves to-
gether and form n shelter in which
the change takes place. They meas
ure when full grown rather more than
half an inch long.
The pupa is light brown and much
shorter. An example preserved in al
cohol and probably somewhat shrunk-
en- measures a fortieth of an inch in
length. The head end is Prov shaped.
The a%ntennae arise at each side Of
the PROV shape front, curve outward
and backward, then return toward the
middle line on the central side, where
they terminate with the second pair of
legs a short distance anterior to the
posterior margins of the wing cases.
The thorax is decidedly convex above,
descending to the abdomen, which Is
also arched. and terminates in q rather
stout, fat spine, with q couple of small
curved hooks at its end. The abdomen
is roughened about by a series of den
ticles on each somite. ending on each
side near the spiracle.
Adults are provided with broad front
wings, appearing as if abruptly cut off
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
4 arm ana
Garden
FOES OF THE APPLE.

Some Little Known Pests Found In
American Orchards.
One of the reasons why the apple
leaf roller (Archips rosaceana) has re-
celved so little attention from the sci
entifc fruit growers is because it has
never existed in numbers sufficient to
be regarded as a positive menace.
Now, however, it seems to be largely
on the increase, and with the prospect
of finding it added to the already too
long list Of our apple tree pests it is
well to know something of it and what
is to be expected from It if it should
become plentiful.
The larvae are active, cylindrical,
pale green or reddish brown insects
with a deep brown head and with the
first body division prothorax) and first
two pairs Of jointed legs also deep
brown. The false legs are well de-
veloped and are colored like the body.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05

one of the most expensive hay stack
ers. The mast and, the two side braces
are 4 by 4 inches square. The sill
may be the same, but will be better
If made Of a 4 by 6 inch stick. The bolt
A holds the guide or sheave wheel in
place, as shown at B. The two bolts
CO hold the mast in place and are re-
moved when moving the derrick
However, If same is only moved a
short distance it will not be necessary
to remove the mast. Simply hitch a
horse to the sill and drag the entire
derrick where wanted. D is the snatch
block for lower end Of hoisting rope
and q the eyebolt, to which the block
D Is made fast with a short rope. A
sling may be passed around the sill in
place Of the eyebolt q If necessary.
The sill should be from fourteen to
sixteen feet long and the mast and
two side braces from sixteen to twen-
ty feet long. By boring several holes
in the mast the same may be raised or
lowered and made the proper height
for both small and large stacks. The
derrick should set at an angle Of about
forty-fve degrees, leaning toward the
stack, and have two guy wires or ropes
at the rear and one in front.
The second Illustration shows how q
vegetable washer may be constructed,
It will not only save much work on
the farm, but will greatly assist In
placing the vegetables OF the market
in better shape. The cut is really self
explaining. The size of the device will
depend on the amount Of vegetables
to be washed. A box being built, the
cylinder Is made by cutting two heads
from one or two inch lumber. These
are made fast to the shaft and placed
in the box, as shown, an opening being
made In which the vegetables are
passed in, as shown at A, which is
held in place with hooks and eyes.
The end Of the shaft Is bent to form
q turning crank or handle. The cylin-
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05

too many at a time. and set out. After
the setting out the rak1ng begins and
then the fight against weeds. If there
is any place where weeds grow faster
than In a celery patch, l have never
e It OF course it is because there
is always so much more moisture in a
celery patch than on land where other
vegetables are grown. If the weeds
ever get a start In a celery patch, the
only thing to do is to pull them up by
hand and haul to a pile and burn. If
weeds don't grow on the ground. It Is
no S to plant celery.
Along about the first Of June I begin
to board the tallest of my celery.
Boarding celery now takes the place
Of banking earth around 1t. In June
1t is impossible to bank celery with
anything like satisfactory results. Even
the boards will sometimes rot it be-
fore the b%lanching is begun. For
this purpose l use ten inch boards ten
feet long. These are carried into the
patch and laid between the rows.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05

BY virtue IF the power OF sale vested
in.me as mortgage and trustee in a GER
am mortgage executed by William J.,
Todd and wife Maggie W. Todd, on the
2lst day of March 1904. and recorded in
book NO. "A Of mortgages, page -, in
Register of Deeds office of Rowan coun-
ty, said mortgage being given to secure
u certain promissory note with inter-
est. executed by the mortgager, and de-
fault having been made in payment of
SAID note, l, d. G. Lingle, by virtue of
the above mentioned power of sale,
will sell at public auction, to the high
est bidder for cash, at the court house
door in the city of Salisbury, on
Monday, The 10Th day of August, 1908.
at - O'Clock NJ, the following described
property. towit:
One house and lot situate in the
county of Rowan. and the State of
North Carolina, and bounded as follows.
to-wit:
Beginning at a stake on Laurence St.
and runs with said street S.4 w. sixty
tive feet to a stake thence N. So W. enc
hundred and fifty feet to a 5 take; thence
M d. sixty-five feet to a stake thence
). SO e. one hundred and fifty feet to
the beginning, being lot No. 15in Lords
plot of the plank road.
D. @. Jingle,
This the 7tb day of July. 1908.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05

extra large heads I receive 60 cents
year when celery Is not In demand in
New York city, 50 there can be no
doubt about getting good prices, pro-
vided the celery is up to the mark.
To raise celery to be marketed in
June my work begins in January. The
first step Is to get good celery seed
and SOW it in boxes in a greenhouse.
Under normal conditions 1t will re-
quire three weeks for celery seed to
come up, though there have been oc-
casions when I have forced it up with
in eight days, and the result was in
every way satisfactory. AS soon as
the two little leaves appear on the
plants the process of "pricking' begins
and drags through February and
March,
AS regards the greenhouse, 1 would
advise plenty Of moisture and air, but
not too much heat. At whatever tenn
perature you begin always be careful
to keep 1t from the time the seeds go
in the ground until the plants are
taken out to be set In the fields. When
I have had occasion to force my seeds
I have carried the forcing process
straight on until the plants were ready
to set out, AS a rule, l put my seed In
with the Thermometer In the eighties
and keep that temperature right
straight through.
In April, as soon as the ground is
warm enough to pillow, the out Of door
work begins. After the ground is
thoroughly plowed the fertilizer must
be sown, and with a rake and harrow
the surface must be made to look az
smooth as velvet The young plants
are then taken from the greenhouse, not
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
MUSHROOM CULTURE.
Simple Methods That Will Yield Rich
Returns.

Simple Methods That Will Yield Rich
Returns.
For mushroom growing a greenhouse
Is not needed. Any building which
protects the crop from rain, wind ana
cold will do. Mushrooms do S IN a
moderate temperature, say from 40 to
Sc degrees. They are easily hurt by
drip. The air should. be moist ana
stationary, no drafts. Light is noi
needed. They are really a winter crop,
because it is easier to heat a struc-
ture than to cool it down. When warm
weather sets In insects often attack
the crop and ruin it. Generally the
first beds are prepared In September
or October and the last in March.
To make a mushroom bed use fresh
horse manure, such as n would get
in a livery barn. 1t should be from
grain fed animals, bedded with hay
or straw. Sawdust or shavings are
not suitable. Shake out the coarsest
straw and throw the material into q
heap to start heating.
1t should be moderately moist. nei-
Their wet o at all dry. AS soon as
heating has commenced fork the pile
over to prevent burning, and repeat
this three or four times every two
days. When the material assumes a
dark brown or blackish color and
smells rather sweet it is ready to form
into beds. These may be fifteen to
eighteen inches deep and Of any suita-
BILE width or length. Pack down firm
ly and wait three or four days to allow
relocating. Try with a thermometer,
and If not higher than IS or 80 de-
grees Insert spawn every ten or twelve
inches apart each way. Place the
spawn an inch or two deep and cover
the whole bed with a light dressing
Of loan, say two inches deep, to hold
heat and moisture, and form a firm
roofing place for the crop. Mushrooms
dislike to be watered; hence moisture
should be preserved rather than sup
nliad
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
4 VEGETABLE WASHER.

V010xAoA6 Nh0oGIh
der heads are covered with heavy wire,
lath or narrow strips Of any lumber
handy. The vegetables to be washed
are placed In the cylinder and the box
partly filed with water. The cylinder
Is then revolved by turning the crank.
The mud will fall to the bottom Of the
box
To clean the box the plug B is re-
moved and water allowed to flow IN
until 1t runs clear.
A barrel may be used for the cylin-
der by boring 1t full of one inch
holes. This device will allow the op-
orator to wash and clean a large
amount Of vegetables in a short time
and without having the hands In the
cold water.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05

at the ends, the anterior margin
strongly arched at the base and q trile
incurred near the tip. The general
color Of the front wings and body is
a%lutaceus, or leather color, with an
oblique duslly band beginning at the
middle of the anterior margin and ex-
tending to the inner angle Of the wing.
This mark may be obscure in old eX-
amples, but some trace of it is gener-
ally present. It has given the species
the name oblique banded leaf roller,
used in some chronological writings.
The apex of the front wings is occu-
pied by another dusky mark. The
outer half of the hind wing is pale
yellow, the inner half dusky.
Numerous other plants besides ap-
pie are attacked by this species. among
them clover, cotton, strawberry, rose
plum, birch, bean, ~honeysuckle, cherry
and others. The species occurs from
the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean.
Another threatened evil is the tus-
sock caterpillar, which seems to be
multiplying rapidly in middle west
orchards. 1t Is a singular caterpillar,
with two long tufts of black hairs aris-
ing one at each side of the first body
division (%prothorax) and a similar one
at the hind end Of the body. They
feed singly and finally produce small
moths, the male broad winged, the fe-
male wfngless.
The tussock caterpillar became
known to some American orchardists
for the first time during the summer
Of 1907. 1t was very common then,
working apparently in conjunction
with the fall webworm in destroying
the leaves of fruit and shade trees. 1t
is present every season, but ordinarily
does but little harm. Two broods de-
velop, the first appearing in April and
May, the second about the first of
August.
A mass Of eggs observed in 1905 was
placed on a privet hedge Aug. / to *.
The eggs began Matching Aug II. #i:.'
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
AUTO POWER IN FARMING.
The Ingenious Device Of a Connecticut
Farmer,

An enterprising farmer, e. @. Belden
of Suffolk, Conn.,, Uses his automobile
to drive farm machinery. The illustra-
ton shows the auto in position and
connected with one Of the farm ma
chimes. BE ses 1t quite extensively
for driving a wood saw.
The wheels are blocked to keep the
machine steady, using sticks Of wood
or making small holes in the ground,
into which the wheels are set To
connect with the machine Mr.. Belden
made an extension for the crank shaft.
The extension has a 1ange with holes
for cape screws, which are threaded
into the hub Of the balance wheel, the
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
Most Useful Tree.

The carnahuba palm Of Brazil Is said
to be the worlds most useful tree. It
gives to the people Of that country
everything from drugs to cattle feed.
Its roots make a valuable medicine-a
blood purifier. Its timber takes a high
polish and is in. demand by cabinet
makers. The sap becomes wine or vim
egar, according to the way it is pre-
pared, and sugar and starch may also
be made from the sap. The fruit Of
the tree Is used as cattle food, and a
nut it bears is a fairly good substitute
for coffee. From the pith Of the tree
corks are made.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-08-05
THE SCHOOL FOR THE PEOPLE.
The Thirteenth Year of This Wel-Nnogn

ne Thirteenth zeal vi HIS Well-AnOWl
Institution Will Open Sept |, 1908.
There will be a prominent new
feature-in that those boys and
girls who will not, under ordi-
nary circumstances, study will
q ,,.l.d der the direction of one Of
WIS teachers to direct their studies
ut night.
There are the following schools
maintained: Music. Art, Elpcu-
ton, Penmanship, Commercial,
Normal, and Literary. Thorough
in everyone of them. We have
al International reputation. No
liquor, no tobacco, no cursing, no
cards. Prices very reasonable.
Catalog for the asking.
Rev. J, M. l.. LYERLY, Phi. D.,
Crescent, N. G.