davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
SLAVERY IN THE UNITED
STATES
FRED REA,
Age Is Years. COIEla

The cause of the civil war was mostly
due to slavery. The northern and
southern people were often in bitter
fights There were many riots which
cost many lives. The Canadian people
were very much in favor of the slaves
and built underground passages so that
the slaves might become free. They
passed laws which forbade any one to
come up in Canada and claim slave
or slaves. The northern people We're
very much opposed to slavery. They
said that the negroes should have as
much liberty as the white people
Lincoln, who was president or the
United States at that time, had very
much trouble In passing laws and max
ing peace. Many laws were passed
among them being the kansas-Ne bras
ka BILL the Missouri compromise. the
Lincoln-D Douglas debates. and many
others In addition 20 this the thir-
teenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amend
ments were added to .the constitution
Lincoln, unable to stand such bitter
confusion, declared war against the
southern people. They were already for
war with the northern people. although
they did not have much ammunition or
money The northern people were
called "The Unions, land the southern
people were called The Confederates.
war now existed. Among the leaders
of the Union armies were U. s. Grant. j.
Farragut and many others. Ulysses s
Grant was remarkable for his great
bravery and determination In battle
James Farragut was Great naval Off
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14

Loud singing is not desired and harsh
singing is vigorously opposed. Number
less vocal drills are given to develop
the right tone, and others are given to
destroy the ugly quality.
This side of the childrens singing
l have ever present with me, and the
preservation of the sweet child voice is
my slogan. We dare not MAIN or Grip
pie so beautiful and useful an instru-
ment as the human voice. We should
not expect the little child to have big
voice-the child's body is small, why
should the voice be big? Here,
should like to ask the parents if they
would be careful about allowing
small child to sing In public.
The young child is only human and
often the voice is wrongly produced by
over straining. But soft, sweet sing
ing in the right range by the child
alone or in class will not hurt the
child's voice, but rather will develop
It, If we do not preserve this beauti-
full organ, and encourage the child to
right habits and standards we are not
doing our duty. How can the beauti-
full emotions be expressed unless there
is a beautiful tone to give expression
TO the feeling? This beautiful tone
is not always natural. 1t needs much
coaxing.
Then there is the ever present drill
for ear training. This is needed to
make the children quick in distinguish
ing and producing the tones.
From the very first year there is
drill on the scale. and many devices
are used to make the little ones quick
to hear.
Few parents realize the drill neces-
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDI.
TION
IRENE COOLING,
Truckee Grammar school, sixth Grade.
Age IL Years

After the Louisiana purchase in 1903.
President Jefferson sent some men out
to explore the north. There were "a
men, The leaders We're Meriwether
Lewis and William Clark. They were
told by Jefferson to carry bright beads
and things the Indians liked with them,
so they might be friendly
Their route was to follow the Mis-
souri, river TO it's source. cross the
Rocky mountains and go to the mouth
of the Columbia river.
When they reached the Rocky noun
tains winter had set in, SO they had to
camp at the foot of the mountains.
Sometimes they were very footsore and
hungry, and did not have many clothes.
In the spring they set out again to
complete their journey. On the way
they discovered two rivers and named
them One was Lewis and the other
Clark. Soon they reached the Columbia
river. and after a while they drew
nearer the ocean. One morning when
1t was foggy they heard the roar of the
breakers, and as the fog lifted they
saw the river widen and soon they saw
the Pacific ocean.
1t was late in the year then, so they
had to spend the winter near the
ocean. The. next spring they started
TO return. 1t took them six months ~
make their journey back. They made
the whole journey in two years and
four months.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14

IN submitting stories in the history
contest juniors are requested TO con-
form strictly 70 requirements In re-
gard 10 form, etc. Write about any
incident in United States history that
you choose, but it must be in your own
language and must contain not more
than 500 words nor less than 200, and
must be written on one side of the
paper only, with ink or soft black
pencil.
On the first line write your subject;
on the second line, beginning an inch
from the left hand margin, your name.
age and address, and il you are in
school your school and grade. Write
the number OF words contained in the
story in the upper left hand corner Of
the first page. A great many contrib
utors in the vacation contest have neg
lected this last requirement and the
editor has not the time TO count the
words In such stories.
Il IS understood that in awarding
prizes neatness. spelling, punctuation
and grammar are taken into considera-
tion.
This contest is open to San Fran
cisco and California juniors between
the ages Of 10 and IS years, and for
the six best stories published each
week The Junior Call awards as prizes
six handsome school watches.
For the younger juniors, under 10
years OF age, another contest is open,
particulars Of which are given on the
fourth page today.
The watches awarded in this week S
contest viii be mailed in few days.
II you are a winner and have not re-
ceiVed YOURS by next SATURDAY. let The
Junior Call know at once.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
. AWARDED A WATCH
KING PHILLIPS WAR
ALFRED COUTTS.
es0 Clement street. Mission Grammar
school, B sixth Grade.
Age l. Years

In 1875 Philip. son OF Massasoit, and
chief OF the WampanOags of Rhode
Island, began a terrible war against
the COlOnlsts. While MassasOit lived
the treaty he had made with the Eng
lsh had been faithfully kept but
king Philip believed that the great
struggle Of races was at hand and that
nate the white men then the white men
would certainly eXterminate them.
Phillp succeeded IN forming an Indian
league and the savages began q sudden
attack on the towns Of southern and
western Massachusetts Al last after
about two years Of desperate
hghting, in which the loss was
many towns were destroyed, Phil
ip's wife and only son, a lad Of
9, were both captured. Now" said the
terrible warrior, my heart breaksi
am ready 10 die" Shortly after Philip
was killed at his home on Mount Hope
not far from Bristol, r. I. His
hands were cut off and carried to Bos-
stood exposes on pole 20 years. Many
of the Indian prisoners were sold as
slaves 10 South America and the West
Indies. Among them were King Phil
ip's wife and boy An aged minister of
West Brldgewater demonstrated against
this act OF cruelty, but without avail.
During the war Elots praying Indi-
faithful TO the whites and were the
means Of saving many lives among the
English settlers.
With the death Of Philip the Indians
became discouraged; their power was
broken and New England never again
stood In fear Of these once powerful
tribes.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
THE DECLARATION OF IN
DEPENDENCE
Aged I2 Years. 275 seventh Ave, San
Francisco. Richmond School.
High Sixth Grade
FAITH HOWARD

The colonists had not thought about
separating from England until the king
of England did three things The things
which he did were: (1stl He called the
American rebels. (2d) He warned
foreign nations not TO trade with them.
(3d) He hired 1900 Hessians TO fight
for him.
After he did these things the colon
lists decided to draw up declaration Of
independence. Five men, Thomas JEFF
ferson, Benjamin Franklin. John Adams,
Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston,
were asked to make declaration of in
dependence. Thomas Jefferson was
chairman, so he was given the duty of
writing the declaration.
On July 4, 1875. copies of the decla-
ration of independence were sent to
different states.
The declaration was written in Phila-
delphia; so Pennsylvania got her copy
first. On July s. it was read to crowd
of people in the state house yard and
when they had finished reading the
declaration of Independence the people
tore down the royal arms in the court
room, while others rang the great bell
in the tower. The bell had been there
for "a years. On it's side were
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
AWARDED A WATCH
THE EMBARGO
GEORGE BOCKMER,
Maxwell. Maxwell District. Eighth
Grade. Age IL Years

At the beginning of the nineteenth
century we had a great deal of trade
with England and France. Just about
that time England and France declared
war on each other, and we tried to be
neutral. England became angry and
began to capture our ships and take
our sailors. She claimed the right to
take from our ships all the sailors
that were born in England. She took
over 1000 American sailors, and her
ships fought a great many of our ships.
Sometimes she was victorious and
sometimes she was defeated. Then
there began regular war on the
ocean, because so many of her ships
fought our ships, even on the high seas.
Jefferson, who wanted to keep from
going to war If possible, asked con-
gress IL ne might lay an embargo, for
bidding all of our ships to sail. or to
trade with foreign nations. This re-
quest was granted by congress in De-
cember, 1907. Then all of our commerce
stopped and our ships stayed in port.
This embargo was meant to hurt Eng
lands trade, but it did us more harm
than it did her. 1t hurt the north
eastern states most, because they
were the states that did all the ship
building and foreign trading. The
products which they raised up the St
Lawrence and smuggled 1t over to New
Brunswick, or If they did not take that
route they carried 1t down the Misss-
sippi river and smuggled it over into
Florida. This was done so openly that
Jefferson had the embargo repealed.
Because the embargo hurt our trade
the people, in derision, reversed the
letters in the word embargo and
called it the 20 grab me" act.
The embargo lasted IA months. Be
fore it was repealed, however, the
states had begun to manufacture their
own goods. This was the one good
feature Of the embargo.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
: AWARDED A WATCH I
AN INCIDENT IN THE WAR
OF 1872
INA KNOTS.
selma, Cal. Age 10 Years


once in the state Of North Carolina
there lived a little Quaker girl named
Polly Payne. Polly. like most Quaker
girls. was raised in quiet and Sc
cluoed home, and taught to be always
quiet and reserved.
This girl was very beautiful in ap-
pearance. as well as in character, and
at the age Of about 25 years she was
loved by James Madison, whom she
Not long after this Mr.. Madison be-
came president of the United States.
and Polly entered upon her popular
life ia the white House"
One day in the year 1872, when the
British had come over to America, and
we were fighting for the rights Of our
sailors 1t happened that Polly was
left alone with her servants at the
white House" All OF the American
troops were up around the lakes where
the war was raging. when news came
that the British would soon be upon
the capital TO destroy It. Messengers
were sent TO warn Polly Of her danger,
and urge her to fee but she very
calmly set about TO save the articles
which she knew would be valued by
her husband and the government.
Finally, when all the papers We're
carefully packed and in her carriage,
she ordered the servants to make ready
10 depart. and giving one more look for
her husband. she started.
Suddenly Polly turned around, and
entered the capitol, and paying no re-
gard to the SOUND OF the coming
enemy she rushed in. broke the glass
chest which held the Declaration Of
Independence" and taking the treasure
she departed
After the war was oveg and the
capitol was safe. Dolly returned home,
but TO find nothing but ashes
Our government was so grateful TO
this heroine for her brave act that
congress voted her the privilege Of
sending mail free Of charge. They
also gave her seat on the floor of the
senate an honor never held by any
other woman in our history.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
THE SURPRISE AT TRENTON
DOROTHY NASH
1852 Sacramento Street, San Francisco.
Age II Years

One Christmas night George Wash
ington and his army crossed the Della
ware river in binding snowstorm,
marched nine miles to Trenton. sur
prised a force of Hessians. took a
thousand prisoners and went back to
Pennsylvania.
The effect of this victory was tre-
mendous. AT first the people could not
believe it, and to convince them the
Hessians had to be marched through
the streets of Philadelphia, and one of
their hags was sent to Baltimore ana
hung in the hall of congress. When
the people were convinced of the truth
of the report their joy was unbounded.
A militia force was hurried forward,
the Jerseymen gathered at MorristoWn,
and money was raised. The New Eng
land troops, whose time of service was
out, were persuaded to stay six weeks
longer, and on December 80, lI76,
washington again entered trenton;
Meanwhile CORVALLIS, the British
of the Hessians, came laundering down
from New Brunswick with 5000 men
and hemmed in the Americans between
his army and the Delaware river. But
on the night of January 2, l777 wash
ington slipped away, passed around
CORVALLIS, hurried to Princeton, and
there, on the morning of January 3
put to rout three regiments of British
regulars. CORVALLIS, who was not
aware that the Americans had left his
front till he heard the firing in his
rear, fell back to New Brunswick,
while Washington marched unmolested
to Morristown, where he spent the rest
of the winter.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
THE BOSTON RIOT
KADAH BOOTH,
Mill Valley, Lowans Hill school, Sew
enth Grade, Age IL Years.

In 1863, when the French and Indians
were at peace, and at the end OF the
war England got from France and
Spain Canada and the MISSISSIPPI valley.
She made three new provinces, Quebec
East and West Florida. When she had
done this England thought that some
day France and Spain would try to
get their land back again, so the next
thing for her TO consider was how to
defend the provinces. IT was finally de-
cided that troops should be sent over
and England should pay half the eX-
penses and America the other half. In
order to raise the money England taxed
the colonies The taxes were light and
the money they raised was to be spent
in the colonies, but the colonists OBJ
jected because, they said. they were
Englishmen and ought to have q voice
in making their own taxes. When the
troops were sent to Boston everywhere
they gave great offense on account Of
their profane language and rudeness.
One night an alarm of fire called the
people into the streets. 1t was false
alarm and some men and boys having
nothing TO do began to torment tho
guard of a building near which they
were standing. The soldier called for
help and some more soldiers came run
ming UP. Quite crowd of people had
gathered by this time and in the excite
ment of the moment young soldier
fired his gun. The other soldiers fired
also, and when the people cleared away
six men lay dead and wounded. This
was called the Boston riot, although
some called it the Boston massacre, and
others the bloody massacre
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14

work out their problems and secure re-
suits.
Unfortunately there is only an hour
a week allowed to us for singing and
music by the authorities. l wish for the
sake of the children that there could
be given two hours a week. If ear train
ing is neglected in the younger years.
it is very hard TO develop it in the adult
life.
AS the child advances he is introduced
he is instructed as 10 the actual singing
an intelligent scholar in the reading
and writing of music.
Parallel with this are the many beau
tifuI songs that are selected from the
best sources. II was a wise far seeing
makes the laws of a nation, so I may
make it's songs"
Besides the mental strength that is
received from the study of a good part
song, the musical satisfaction that
comes from the sounding of the har-
monies. the social pleasure Of many
taking part in concert, there is de-
cided spiritual uplift in the singing OF
songs that are beautiful
The distinguished novelist Haw-
thorne in one Of his prefaces. claims
such a reverence for the nature Of a
child that he can do nothing but the
very best that is In him when appealing
to the sense OF beauty inherent in a
child. This should be the aim of our
work with the songs
Beauty Of words, beauty OF melody
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14

mountain which he called Pixies peak.
Winter having come. the streams
were frozen and the trails were snow
covered. Pike and his companions
went everywhere, not knowing which
way to turn. In spite of everything,
they never gave up
One day while Pike was out hunt
ing, to his surprise two Spaniards
came riding up to him. A few days
later a party of Spanish cavaliers rode
up and took his men and himself pris-
oners, because they were on Spanish
territory.
When the Spaniards became satisfied
that Pike * would not injure them OF OF
they might return TO the United
States. but had to be sent home
through Texas
While at Santa Fe, Pike was told
that gold was found in the Platte
river. They thought it idle talk, but
years after gold was discovered there.
He died April 81, 1913.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
AWARDED A WATCH
BURGOYNE'S SURRENDER AT
SARATOGA
ELSA GRAEBER,
1903 Mission Street, San Francisco.
Age IL Years

Age IA Years
The complete defeat of Burgoyne's
expedition insured for us the independ-
ence Of the United States.
In the year 1877 England sent out
1000 veteran troops under the leader
snip of Burgoyne.
Burgoyne from Lake Champlain pro-
ceeded by water TO Crown Point, a
fortification held by the Americans. He
landed here without opposition, but
Fort TicondeFoga was the most serious
part OF the expedition. With great
skill he captured it, and St. Clair with
his army evacuated 1t on July 5. Bur
goyne moved on still pursuing the
retiring Americans to the Hudson river.
The American general Gates, was
sent to command the army at Saratoga,
while Arnold was dispatched by Wash
tngton to act under him.
st. Leger was also dispatched from
Canada with a force of 1000 men
across Lake Ontario against Fort Stan
Wix, after capturing which he was to
march along the Mohawk river to the
Hudson between Saratoga and Albany,
where Burgoyne and his force were to
unite After successes he was finally
obliged TO retreat, leaving his stores
to the enemy.
The Americans were now at Still
water. After gathering provisions for
80 days Burgoyne camped on the
heights of Saratoga. Clinton, a skill
full officer in the army, took the task
of moving up the Hudson TO cooperate
with Burgoyne, but was obliged to
wait for reinforcement from England.
When he heard Clinton was near, Bur-
goyne determined to make an attack on
the Americans. He knew he could not
be successful, but 1t was to gain means
of relieving the army. In this battle
he was defeated. Here Arnold received
a wound in his leg.
Burgoyne took up his last position
on the heights near Saratoga Clin-
ton did not arrive in time, so Burgoyne
surrendered, and IN February Franc
acknowledged the independence of the
United States.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14

and harmony. beauty of tone, beauty OF
expression, all these we should have
and the soul of the child will grow.
new world will be opened. a delight
that can not be eXpressed-the children
feel it, their faces tell it. their voices
sing it, I have not worked with
many thousands without realizing this
truth: that the beautiful song. IL
taught correctly, is a vitalzing power;
that it grips and holds the interest;
that it sinks deep; that it brings out
the best in the hearts; that its infiu-
ence lives: that the memory OF it de-
lights; that 1t is a great factor in the
development of not only the artistic
but that it also builds the character
The best music excites the higher emo
tions and calls forth the action which
results in the noble deed.
Can I doubt for moment that the
boys and girls who sang in that tremen-
dous chorus OF 10000 at the Stadium
last May are not better for the songs
they studied?
I see them yet as they stood before
me. and 1 hear them now as their
voices broke upon the air
The Lord is God. he is king OF creation.
In his right hand he holds them all
His children. we in love and devotion.
Before his might and power fall.
o. Father. hear. we. thy sons. bring
our blessing,
The heavens resound, break, o earth.
into glory,
To serve, adore and sing his praisel
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
TREASON OF ARNOLD
CHARLES WRIGHT
second street. santa Rosa 'o''
Age 10 Years

A,..- tbs british evacuated Phila-
delphia General ATn0ld Nds SSr-s~,
General washington TO take poSSeeS =
OF that city. Arnold nEeu tbsr he
~ecei,-ed The people OF Phlladelpnl1
were offended at his eNactlehs, anu s.,o
nresident and council or the Sldto - 49,
ferred charges against him 10 coh6le 80
N-noIs vvas reprifnanded for oppreSS
to the peopIe. After being fepIi
manded. Arnold was given eotIislsi, ~. ~.
of West Point. the stronghold OF tnS
ill,u ArTald's pride was touched. Sir
Henry Clinton was receiving letterS
from Arnold Arnold was mefciiaH- an
in philadelphia. but he had Sopethl.l,e
besides tobacco and dry Sooqs, -
c,,Id +urn over a fortress with lue
cannon. powder. balls. provisions. anu
with a fortress he could sell an army
a nation. ,, .s "a
Iected to arrange the meeting between
Arnold and Andre. the FL SusR tIid5g.
Arnold went down the river ~ "t
cnrith's house. He asked Mr.. smith n
he would take boat out TO the Qt-
ture for him, and bring back MI Jonm
Anderson. merchant OF New toLN,
Mr. Smith went out TO tae snip ane 81
went or in the dark and began taking
They talked till daylight The Ooatmsn
would not go back 20 the ship. ArnOHt
supplied Andre with passes Inc Elo'Sl .
important paper was put IN Analt >
boot. Then Andre started for the Bit
ish lines
out OF the brush and stopped MIN
They searched him all over and at last
made him take off his boot. Iney
found the paper. Andre was taken .
Washington's camp. Arnold heard or
Andres capture and made MS escape
Andre was ha~ged as spy. Every
where Arnold was ridiculed and died
in disgrace.
The San Francisco call., 1908-11-14
THE CHARGE AT GETTYS-
BURG
EUGENE PRINCE
TuoIumne, Cal. SummerviIle Public
School, Low Eighth Grade.
Age IL YeHrR

After the battle of Chaneellorsville,
in June, 1868. Lee led his army of con-
federates into Pennsylvania. The south
now had high hopes of success, but all
hope went down in the bloody wreck
of July 4 at Gettysburg.
Meade had al Gettysburg about 10000
men, while Lee had some 10000 and
the armies fought the bloodiest battle
of modern times. The decisive moment
of the whole war was when Lee di-
rected Pickett to break the union CEN
ter. Lee was not prepared until 3
O'clock, when Pickett, aided by Ten
nessee, Alabama and Georgia regi-
ments, advanced. AS the first column
of gray soldiers crossed Emmetsburg
pike the union cannon commenced fir-
ing Not until the confederates were
within easy range did the union sol
diers fire. Taking advantage of gap
between the Virginia and Alabama
troops, Gates with New York brigade
struck telling blow. Thus attacked
on the flank, and under fire in front.
the Virginians wavered; but Armistead
with two brigades forced his way
toward the stone wall, under the shell
ter of which lay the regiments of Glib
bon and Webb. Armistead at the head
of his troops fought his way over the
wall, but the strength of his men was