davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19
King Edward Sends q Special Representative ana
Also a Generous Subscription.

.,aot.rad h,, the French Of Canada they were
compelled TO rely upon The military assi"''ii'S
Of OLD England for purposes of defence fu'
when this danger was forever removed by the
substitution of British rule for that or FRANCE
in Canada the colonists of New England found
themselves free TO fight for wider liberties ula'
those which they had until then enjoyed The
Revolution ensued. which eliminated IN the
birth of the United States. To-day CANADA
bo,,,, 1ovaI 10 the sceptre of King Edward
,,osseeeed of an amount of home rule and o.
independence so complete that she is even apie
70 negotiate treaties Of commerce with foreign
nations and in the full flood toe OF hdustii'i
and commercial development almost equaHihe
in size the United States, lives in such perfec1
.roitv with the latter that, although the con-
fipuous frontiers extend from the Atlantic TO
the Pacific along a boundary line more tilSi
,bree Thousand miles in length troops and
no strongholds considered necessary pS
either for purposes of defence. When one re-
coils the millions Of dollars which have been
.nent bv Austria and Italy in fortifyinE their
frontiars against each other. III spite OF their
being hound together by a treaty o. a!ilaEce'
tho q absence of soldiers and Of fortreSses dioHs
the northern boundary line of the great amer
can Republic speaks volumes for the CHARACTER
of the friendship which unites ii TO Canaaa- II
is accordingly eminentiy appropriate thAt the
Tinted states should participate IN the ceiepi"
tjor at Quebec Of the Booth hirthday OF Ci-ilaoa
this fall
Lord Grey. the Governor General OF Canada;
O.. v-;,eraa Iarrler. the Prime Minister of the
1,-;7for- Mr. Goujn Premier OF the province
,c Quebec and me Mayor Of the city OF Quebec
a-e ALI actively engaged in The preparations for
.he fitting observance Of the teTcentenafy' ana
King Edward has not only cabled hls warm
.nprovaI of the projects submitted to him in
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19

Lawrence 1t was this fleet which may be said
To have been the determining factor in the
fertility of General Wolfes victory. and Of the
sterility Of the Chevalier de Leris's success
The force with which Wolfe. already in the last
stages of consumption. fought the battle the
Plains Of Abraham was to all intents and pur-
poses a landing party; for there were. in the
words Of the historian twice many seamen
as soldiers in the expedition sent out 10 capture
Quebec and the three admlraIs in command OF
the fleet that conveyed Wolfe and his soldiers
10 the ST Lawrence were all of them his
periors in rank. In other words. the battle6elds
of Quebec and the memorials which II Is
planned to erect thereon To commemorate the
victory not only of the British General Wolfe
but also of the Chevaler de Lewis, must for
ever remain eloquent ana enduring object les
sons of the impossibility of holding transpon-
tine colonies without the possession of large
and powerful fleet
II may be Of interest TO add by way Of con-
cIusion that no descendants of either General
James Wolfe or of the Marquis de Montcaln re-
main TO take part in the ceremonies at Quebec
next fall General wolfe's body was conveyed
from Quebec to England and entombed in the
ancient palace of Greenwich, and the memorial
erected to his memory in Westminster Abbey
does not in spite OF the general belief to the
contrary, indicate that he is inferred in that
WaIhalla of England's most historic men. He
left no children. The Marquis de Montcalm
was buried in the Church of the Ursuline Con-
vent at Quebec in excavation made by the
bursting of a shell within the precincts OF the
convent. For long time there was no inscrip
ton on his tomb. This was not altogether The
fault of the English, for Bougainviile applied
TO the Royal Academy of Inscriptions al Paris
10 compose an inscription for the grave of Mont
calm, and Prime Minister Pitt not only under
took to send the marble plaque which it
was chiselled to Quebec, but likewise addressed
q letter TO the academy In which he declared
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19

inppsipg monuments are to be erected to Cham
plain 70 General Wolfe. and to his equally he
role French adversary the Marquis de Mont
calm Not only the English, but likewise the
French, are contributing to these memorials.
and committees have been formed in London
and in Paris. \ part of the funds collected by
the French committee. which is working in
unison with the French Ambassador in Eng
land is 10 go toward the erection of a statue
Of the Marquis de Montcalm in the LanEuedoc
town of Vauvert, the birthplace of the Marquis
whose Chateau Of Candiac. near by. is still
in existence.
lust at this time when the far sighted states
men Of each of the great powers of the world
are appealing TO the taxpayers for money to be
used in the construction of warships and in the
DEVELOPMENT and increase of naval armaments.
ii is timely TO recall, in association with this
terceutennry celebration at Quebec. that If the
English won their memorable victory on the
Plains OF Abraham and secured possession of
Canada il was entirely owing TO their fleet,
while if Louis XIV lost forever La Nouvelle
France" it was because he had not sufficient
ships to convey the sorely needed supplies to
his troops in Canada or 10 furnish them with
any armed support. That is to say. King Louis
could have held Canada against the English had
he spent the money of the French taxpayers
upon the development of his navy, instead of
upon his odalsques of the Pare aux Cerfs. For
it may be remembered that few months after
the defeat OF Montcalm in the battle Of the
Plains Of Abraham by General Wolfe, who NOR
tally wounded breathed his last almost at the
same moment as his gallant adversary, another
battle took place on the adjoining Plain OF
Sainte Foye where the French commander, the
Chevalier de Lewis, with vastly superior mill
tary forces, defeated the English General Muir
ray. and would assuredy have recaptured Que
bee aud probably have recovered all that had
been lost had it not been for the timely ar
rival Of q powerful British feet in the st.
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19
NEW DAY DAWNING.

IT IS gratifying to observe that there are signs
on the horizon which indicate the dawn Oh an era
of practical game preserving. Here ana there
throughout the country an amendment Is OheFeu
which provides that these who inteiigently pre-
serve game may have some use OF their property
An amendment to the New York laws. Tor exam
pie, says that game preservers in TWO counues
named in the amendment may actually eat 'hslr
rheasants in New York City without fear OF ar
rest! 1 believe within the present year theS VIII
be permitted to sell them
Ii may be (the writer believes IL VIII pe) that
American enterprise will demand other changes
in the laws at no distant day. changes which VIII
permit farmers and sportsmen Of moderate means
TO have game in abundance and to sell IT, so that
their shooting viii cost little or nothing, ana so
that the people may again see some OF their prop
erty in the markets. 1t may be that thousands OF
abandoned farms will be tenanted and made val
liable The writer believes they will be Those
who have stood for the restriction Of a valuable
food crop so long and earnestly and those VINO
have endeavored to enforce foolish game laws ny
a lively vilifcation Of those who shoot more than
five seven birds, may well observe the signs
of "a revival of common sense"
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19
GAME SMOTHERED
BY TOO MUCH LAW
EXPERT SPORTSMAN .STG-
GESTS Il REMEDY.
Birds viii Be Protected Only When
II Is Made Profitable to
Care for Them.
By Dwight n. Huntington. author Of "our Feath-red
Game"

The game laws Of the United States furnish
s interesting illustration the failibility of leg
isative reasonings. The game is literally being
saw however. that the notions which preceded
The making Of nearly thousand laws originated
II the minds OF sPortsmer, and that the lawrnak-
should not be blamed for listening to those
=ho have no desire 10 exterminate the game
Our best game birds have disappeared from the
markets; they diminishing rapidly the fields
and some species are already extinct. Restrictive
game laws do not save the game, and under our
present system of game handling only the prohI-
hilton Of shooting stop the rapid dlmnution
n IL Even prohibition. which is undesira ble TO
hoth game dealer and sportsman, will net save
the game birds from extinction when population
increases. since domestic vermn (cats, dogs and
rais' illegal shooting. snaring and trapping are
alone sufficient to upset natures balance in popu-
lous regions. where the natural covers and foods
stroyed.
In the Official reports of the state game officers
We find cumulative evidence or these points and
thcr statements the best evidence obtaina BILE,
since they are declarations against interest -
Which are held TO ne the best evidence by the
courts This testimony of those whose duty II is
70 preserve the game and make il abundant is
supported by hundreds of reports from the game
fields. which printed in the weekly and month
ly sporting magazines. and also by the continued
deulaH Hds for restrictive enactments which are
made 10y hundreds of game protective associations
throughout the coun1ry. The wild food birds GER
talny vanishing.
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19
SHORT SEASONS NO HELP.

Ohio for many years has had the shortest open
season for "ouails"-twenty days; but these birds
have rapidly diminished in Ohio and there is not
one left in many places where there were hundreds
g few years ago Rest periods OF five years have
been tried. during which the birds have SHOWN an
irerea 80 in some counties but they decrease more
rapidly than ever as soon the shooting IS per-
rnitted The destruction by vernin, climate ana
illegal shooting goes at all times
The laws which prohibit the sale OF game nirdS
for propa gation such an enorrny that IL seeHs
hardly necessary to denounce them.
Laws which limit the size Of the bag are proper!
regarded as so much blank paper by those who
know what is accomplished by them The largest
game protective association in America which is
alert 20 try almost every new notion as law, has
refused TO consider the bag limit scheme on the
ground that no one Will observe such laws IN the
fields and woods.
The laws which provide for licenses are "fo4'e
in theory since they prohibit those VINO cahnot
pay the special tax from having any share IN the
public property. Nonresident license fees. wInch
are now large will be increased as the game oe-
creases and they do an immense amount or nai III
to the state and it's people, since they keep non
residents who would spend money with ho'ei-
keepers lfverymen farmers and others. from com
ing into the state. The injustice OF charging
hibits ths sportsman from taking his game home
is evident. Laws which prohibit the Kinns Oh
skunka pinks, hawks, owls. crows ana otner
ver11ztn which annually destroy from 70 70 ~ per
eent Of ths sama should logically be followed eS
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19
ENGLISH GAME LAWS SCIENTIFIC.

The English game laws are scientific, since they
are founded on the well known scientific principle
that the balance Of Nature is easily upset either
direction. When the natural checks to Increase
vermin and climate-are mtigated, game birds at
once become abundant When the of de
struction increased the game birds ct once
diminish. When there is absolutely shooting
Natures balance is preserved, and the birds should
remain plentiful, provided domestic vermn (such
cats, dogs and rats do not upset the scales
When shooting is permitted the birds must or
dinarily diminish, since it is quite evident that
Natures balance has been upset in the wrong diTec
ton. The diminution which occurs when shooting
is permitted will in time result in extinction unless
of the natural checks TO increase miti
gated TO make place for shooting. The amount
Of shooting that is permissible depends entirely
the extent Of the mitigation Of other checks
10 increase Here see the necessity for treating
the game personal property and requiring the
people look after IL. which is recognized by the
English law.
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19
SERIOUS -EGAL BLUEDER.

IN game law making one well tried legal
r1sx kim after another has been cast aside: splen-
old food supply has been made subordinate TO in
different sport and the idea that game birds can
he successfully Matched and brooded under law
books seems TO be always uppermost
We made an important legal bIunder the start.
The title 10 the game is in the Crown, is well
known maxim Of the English law This we copied
almost word for word. Our game codes say: The
title 70 the game is in the state
We seem have reasoned .tat the state must
look after the birds because it is declared to be
indirectly proceeded on this theory. In England
is regarded as a legal fiction. not TO be urged too
strongly when it appears to come in conflict with
common sense
The crown is well aware that it cannot engage
70 destroy the game enemies. collectively termed
vermin, which found every farm. TO
mitigate the losses due to climate. properly TO
look after the birds. in order that they remain
Plentiful On this account the crown property. or
the care Of il at least. has been intrusted the
people. Those who wish TO have game or 10 shoot
II may the crown property as IL ii were their
oEn. For all practical purposes the game bird is
regarded personal property while il is alive
and becomes q chattel soon as il is shot Alive
i may wander where IL cannot be followed on
account Of trespass laws or be taken in replevln
other chattels are taken, but when once II IS
killed il is the personal property OF the one who
shoots il and may be handled openly and sold as
any other chattei may be handled or sold. The
landowners large and small. the individual sports
man and syndIcates Of those who Ike TO shoot, the
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19
GAME CHAP IN ENGLAND.

Similar game birds are abundant and cheap in
the English markets. and absurd idea is rap
idly spreading the United States that the fault
is with our birds. or. in other words, that the
foreign birds are abundant because they bet
than SpOrtSmen and many Of our
state game officers have already begun experiments
with English and Chinese pheasants and Hungarian
cartridges. and even the introduction Of the big
capercailzc has been seriously proposed substi
Tu1e for grouse by state game officer. Those
who believe that held sports be thus perpet
U8-ed IL America seem 10 be entirely unaware that
the game birds plentiful in other countries. for
7ile simple reason that they properly looked
after, and that birds diminishing be
cause they properly looked after, and fur
theT. that neither the foreign birds
possibly be made abundant even saved from
extinction unless our laws amended so that the
blrds and viii pc properly looked after by per
who may find il profitable DO
L IS always much easier and less expensive 10
increase the number Of native species than il Is
introduce any foreign species ana 10 make IL pient
fu1. because the indigenous birds better suited
their environment than any foreign birds will be
The birds proteCtively marked 10 suit
covers. and nature has provided the food which
they require.
Our game laws, rot our game birds are fault
The laws d failure because they are thoroughly
Unsciertic. an6. effect restrict the increase Of
game. The English laws. shall see,
founded upon scientific principles.
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19

tances from shores and buildings and in roads We
have laws providing for short open seasons limit
ing the bag to a small number of deer or birds
a day a season. prescribing the kind and
gauge Of guns that may be used. prohibiting tres
pass, snaTfng and trapping and the sale OF 1--we
birds, even for propagation We have laws Great
ing rest days during the open season, besides sun
day laws; providing licenses for residents and
non-Tesdents, and great variety OF fees and Iesa
tags when game may be taken home; laws Gre
atng a large army Of state and county game
officers; laws defining an immense NUMBER OF
crimes punishable by fines and Imprisonment; laws
granting the right 20 search without warrant and
10 seize and to conhscate guns. game and other
property and many other laws including some
which positively ludicrous. such as the law re-
curing a $40 license TO photograph the now rare
game, the law prohibiting the sailing on bay
L. - MA
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19
AMERICAN LAWS ABSURD.

The laws numerous, variable Or changeaoie
that nc could possibly master them. and the
familiar maxim, 'Ignorantia legis nenlinem eX-
cusat" should In fairness to the people be changed
so read. Ignorance of the game laws ex-
cuses everybody"
Here is another absurdity: Having declared that
the title TO the game is in the state or that IT Is
owned by all the people in their sovereign ca
pacity" as the declaration sometimes reads. the
state proceeds to enact laws prohibiting the ma
iority of the people from having any Of it legal
system which is founded such contradiction is
evidently wrong.
The sponsors for this legislation claim that 1t is
absolutely necessary TO the game" The fight
is everywhere ITO the game from extinction:
nowhere ito make the game birds abundant and
cheap in the markets" The aim is evidently too
low. To declare property contraband Ii poor way
to increase it,
Although il is a we'll established legal principle
that dead game is personal property. 1t has been
found necessary in AmaTica for ths courts to hold
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19

In America, after declaring tIat the title 10 the
game is In the state we have proceeded 20 enact
a vast number OF laws which require the state
to look after il This has resulted in such an IN
creassso Of crime that the states expend their en-
ergies in looking after the criminals Instead ol
the birds and state officers demand yearly that the
number of game officers be increased. Meanwhile
the birds continue diminish, since the game Is
NOT properl looked after by any and not one or
the checks TO increase IS fnltgated- Ne" game
1ay- I,s,,a be.n enacted every year until they
90 ,auv that an intelligent abstract Of them all
would more than fill the pages Of this paper
We have state laws prohibiting the sale, trans
port and export OF game, and even IHt import 1'A
80 ~ r,ref,, e-aIne and & national enactment Uhe
e, Lawn which is intended reinforce these - ate
laws We have laws prohibiting market cunning
snring shooting shooting without the pernssio1 Oh
land owners shooting at all times or Tor term
o+ Years shooting from boats and blinds or am
t,,shas Of various kinds and shooting at certain dis
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19

ihFuhet sulners and even sportsmen from other
countries may have game freely or refuse it. as
they choose The burden Of caring for the game
ls placed upon those VINO wish to have st. and the
game CROP like any other crop may be sold to
offset the cost of tending It
The result OF this sensible and liberal system OF
game handling IS that game is everywhere abun-
cant; that good shooting is provided for a large
number Of persons Cfar larger than is generally
supposed IN America). including market gunners;
that a large and prosperous industry is fostered;
ulat thousands OF persons are given employment
IN the country and the cities: that land values
are tremendously increased, and that the price of
meat is appreciably lowered in the markets. be
cause the people purchase the wild food birds
grouse, partridges. pheasants and other wild fowl
al very low prices. Moreover there is far less
crime due to violation of game laws than there is
in America
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19

Fc,pyrirht 1905 by the brentwood Company-l
Quebec is about to celebrate her tercentenary'
which is likewise the Booth birthday OF Canaoa'
and not only Great Britain and France, but also
the United States. will participate IN the ceIe
monies. King Edward is sending special rep
reseutgtive in the person of his nephew Prince
Arthur of Connaught with a large suite OF DIS
tins1risted officers of the army and navy II Is
an anniversary in which England, France ana
the great American Republic can all AFFORD 10
aon the Canadians in conlmeTnorating with pc
fitting festivities. For If Quebec owes us Iouh-
dafion 10 Samuel de Champlain, in looe' ana i's
development by his countryrnen INTO the iiie'ioP
oils OF La Nouvelle France, that is 10 say u
French America during the following loo years
England holds Il by right Of victories as glorious
20 the defeated commander as TO the soccesslui
general the names Of Montcaim anu oi
Wolfe be5nr forever linked together in the an
mails of fame. Moreover, although Sueoeo "a9
now for half os the period Of its existence been
subject Ia the British crown, ana aIthoush NV
British flag floats above its citadel Il mas a
POPULATION which has remained more French tlah
the French more Catholic than Rome whlch
rs. retained its religion it's language, nay even
its own ancient laws. TO an extent whhch Is al
once . tribute 10 the liberahtF OF hiiis ~
wards rule and to the devout aiio consefN @'''e
eharacte- of its people
Engianas capture of Quebec and conquest Oh
Nez France may be said TO have brought t"s
United States into existence. II vas PropIeS'e'
al the tine Of the battle on the Pans Oh Aoi I"
ham, which gave Canada 10 the -'riN'Sl i-U
settled the fate OF the French empire ih -N''
that the New England colonies "oNiu
their allegiance 20 the mother country "''h'''
the sr,a,e of = decade Fifteen years later the
prediction rvss fulfilled so long as the Ne"
Exxlaad colonies knew that their borders were
New-York tribune., 1908-01-19

rasard To the affair but has likewise forwarded
a handsome subscription toward the fuItheranCe
Of the plan for converting the battiefelds Of
the Plains Of Abraham and of Saints Foye into
a grand national park. which is to remain as
4 lasting memorial of the anniversary. The
FEDERAL and provincial legislatures throughout
the Dominion have agreed 10 contribute toward
the execution of the scheme and private sub
scriptions also pouring in A great deal OF
money viii be required for the purpose. since
il will be necessary not only to acquire the land
and lay out the park, but to remove and to hnd
sites elsewhere for the buildings by which the
hat1lefelds desecrated- Although
these ancient battedeIds occupy the most PIC
turesaue point in the immediate vicinity OF QUE
bee commanding they do on one side the
ST Lawrence River and on the other the valley
of the River ST. Charles. they have been treated
until now with such indifference and neglect
that the very spot which General Wolfe tell
is occupied by hideous and gloomy looking
jail
The traveller or Immigrant arriving for the
first time in the New World by way or New
York is welcomed by the sight Of the Statue
Of Liberty eloquent him of the freedom and
Independence enjoyed by the people Of this coun-
try To the stranger reaching the western
Hemisphere by way Of Quebec the first object
which strikes his eye Is d particularly sompre
prison. This is TO be removed, and Earl Grey
proposes that at the most prominent point
monument representing the Angel Of Peace shai
he set up. rivaling in proportions the Statue OF
liberty in New York, and welcoming with out
stretched arms the immigrant TO his Land Of
Promise This question of the statue is not
entirely decided. There some who are OF
the opinion that symboiical statue or the
nature described might perhaps jar with the
ancient associations and picturesque aspect OF
this most impressive and beautiful OF all the
cities of the New World. But whatever be the
determination reached, ii has already been
unanimously resolved that in the national park