davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Earlv Refrireration.

L-Ul - ENCtN etNiSils
The Most ancient method of making
fee is practced in parts of India.
Holes are made in the ground, dry
straw is put ut the bottom of these,
and on it ut the close of the day are
placed pans of water which are left
until the next morning. when the ice
that is found within the pans is coll
lected. This industry is carried on
only in districts where the ground is
dry and will readily absorb the vapor
given OFF from the water in the pans
The freezing. of course. is due to the
great amount of heat absorbed by the
vapor in passing from its liquid to its
gaseous form.
Another process was practiced in the
day of ancient Rome. when the wealthy
are said to have had their wines cool
ed by having the bottles placed in wa
ter into which Saltpeter was thrown.
the bottles being the while rotated.
DR.. Cullen in 1755 discovered that
the evaporation of water could be fa-
cilitated by the removal of the pres
sure of the atmosphere and that by
doing this water could be frozen.
Marin in III discovered that sulphur
ic acid would absorb the vapor of wa
ter if placed in a second vessel sep
arate from that containing the water.
but connected with it. This discovery
he put to use in 1910 by constructing
an apparatus for absorbing the vapor
of the water that it was desired to cool
or freeze. This apparatus greatly ia.
cilitated the freezing operations of a
vacuum freezing machine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
FOREIGN Born.

English Girl hear you've been Wis
iting the States. What did you think
of the native American? Englishman
II didn't meet any. | spent all my
time In New York.-Harper's Weekly
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Saved From DISGRACE.

In one Of the old families of Charles
ton, S. c., writes Mrs. Ravenel, there
was an important parsonage, Jack. tho
butler. Jack disputed with another old
man, Harry. the butler of Mrs Henry
lizard, the reputation of being the best
and most thoroughly trained servant i'll
town. From the judging of the wines
to the arrangement of q saltspoon there
was nothing which these withered
brown potentates did not decide and
maintain. Nothing would have aston
ished either more than that master or
mistress should dissent from his YER
dict.
Jack was intolerant of anything
which he considered a breach of tho
etiquette of the table. Nothing coulc
have induced him to serve gentle.
man before a lady, or younger before
an elder brother. To place fruit and
wine on a tablecloth instead OF on
the mahogany was to him a falling
from grace. On one occasion he was
much annoyed when a senator from
the mp country twice asked for rice
with his fish. To the first request he
simply remained deaf; at the second
he bent down and whispered into the
senatorial ear The genial gentleman
nodded and suppressed a laugh; but
when the servants had left the room
he burst into roar and cried: Judge.
you have treasure. Jack has saved
me from disgrace. from exposing M
ignorance. He whispered. That
wouldn't do, sir; we never eats rice
with fish,"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
CxempIified.

Georgie-Auntie. what does irony
mean? Auntie-lt means to say one
thing and mean the opposite. like call
ing rainy day Il fine day. George
l think understand you. auntie.
Wouldn't this be irony: "Auntie. |
don't want nice big piece of cakey
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
The Word nRutter.r

"Cow juice" is a slang term for but.
ter in many parts of the United States.
But the word butter" itself almost
certainly means something very like
that by derivation. 1t is true that
Pliny considered "butyrum" to be Il
Scythian word. but it seems clear that
it was really Grcek-from "bSus," a
COW. and '.turos." cheese, and meant
literally "cow cheese" "Buttery," by
the way, has nothing to do with but
ter, in spite of appearances, just as
spantry" has no connection with pans
The latter is the storing place Of bread
C'pans'D, and the former is the late
Latin "botaria." the place of the
''butts'' or casks.--Chicago News.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
A Tart Answer.

81 was writing by my study win
dow" writes clergyman. "and lit.
tie child was busying himself by throw.
ing beans at the window Losing all
patience. rushed out of the house.
determined to brighten the boy II
happened that his mother was coming
after him at the same moment, and we
met by his side
Il stormed Mt the child. and then. as
the mother seemed excessively stupid.
| gave her piece of my mind Final
~ as grand and overwhelming con-
clusion to my scoIding said:
"A little discipline now with yonr
children will save you much pain If
not disgrace in the future. Think Of
that, madam-that is. If you ever do
think
Think, is it?' she replied. 4 think
If you'd go back to your bedroom and
wipe the ink aft av your nose you'd
be prettier even If you didn't make so
much av a sensation
ut was not II soft answer. but 1t had
the effect of turning away wrath
London Tit Bits
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
So Sudden.

SO Sudden.
They had started for a stroll. There
is our minister" he said. I'm going
to ask him to join us
ITO join us: oh. George, this is so
sudden, But hadn't you better speak
to papa before engaging the minister
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
A Considerate Reporter.

When the Maine was blown up the
wife of Lieutenant Commander Vain
wright was at her home in Washing
ton. She had heard nothing of the
news when she was awakened about
o'clock in the morning by violent
knocking at the door of her house FL
nally Mrs, Wainwright rose and looked
out of the window, asking what was
the matter. A voice called out, "Are
you the wife of Lieutenant Command
er Wainwright" Yes. What do you
want?" THE Maine has been totally
destroyed. We are reporters and wish
for some information about Mr.. Vain
wright" Only this and nothing more.
The shock caused the pooslady to fall
in dead faint. from which she did
not rally for several hours, and. fortu-
nately for her. it was then known her
husband was not among the lost
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Shaved the Statue,

Near the entrance of beautiful Oak
Hill cemetery, Georgetown, where 10
poses the dust of James G. Blaine, Ed
win NJ. Stanton and other great
Americans, stands a fine statue Of
John Howard Payne, author of Home
sweet Home" The bringing home OF
Ihe remains of this famous American
who died at his post in Africa genera
tiOus ago when he was serving there
as United States consul was the occa-
sion of a great national function many
years ago.
The late William Corcoran, the Wash.
tngton banker and philanthropist, de.
frayed all Of the expenses and also
paid Tor tie monument and statue OF
Payne which mark his resting place in
Oak Hill. The sculptor who executed
the life size statue had palmed off on
him as a picture Of John Howard
Payee the photograph of man whose
face was completely covered with 4
luXuriant growth of whiskers. Accord
ngly he faithfully reproduced the
whiskers in marble. Soon after the
statue was set up in Oak Hill it was
discovered that John Howard Payne
had never worn a beard.
The sculptor, enraged and undaunt-
ed. proceeded forthwith to chisel the
whlskers off the marble image Of
the immortal author of Home, Sweet
Home" so that today the visitor tc
Georgetown's historic old cemetery he
holds the classic face in marble Sf
John Howard Payne sans whiskers ex
cent for n.ustache. - - ino.~- Us
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21
GOMPERS FLAYS
UNCLE JOSEPH
Union 1abor's Chief Accuses
Speaker of Packing Committee
in Congress to Defeat Legislation
Demanded by People.

Samuel Gompers, president of
the American Federation of I .abor.
pald his respects to Joseph G. Can.
non, speaker OF the house of re.
presentalves, recently upon re.
eGlp1 Oh a letter from Congressman
Charles N. Brumm, who renresnnts
the twelfth district of Pennsvlvsnia
wh1ch referred to Speaker Cannon
as being responsible for the mac.
ton of congress.
mere Is no disgusting the fact.u
wrote Congressman Brumm .stb.t
speaker Cannon intended to pre-
vent legislation Oh proeressiSe
lines by referring the preSident,s
message and other bills to tho
congressional crematorv known as
the Judiciary committee. CO..
senan bfumm wrote that he
was ready to join with others to
tlsLs0 that certain bills be taken
promptly "poi
In reply to the letter Mr.. Com
pers SAID that Speaker Cannon s.is
Oie embodiment and in himself ra.
presents all that is antagonistic tn
Ihe protection and reformatorv
legislation demanded by the neonis
Oh our country" He sarcasticalIv
referred to the unanimous nomins
Iion OF Speaker Cannon hy the
nePuollcan congressman and said
ehey could now realize the nosit;ou
IN which they are placed bW NJ
cannon and his sssmal coteria ~
oehefclaries; how he packs tho 70
cenmlItee 70 and blocks the passa 90
OF legislation with even RennhI;.
cans, can the newspapers, labor and
e ene people generally require. even
Ior their ordinary as well as im
perative needs.'5 20" as I'M
Mr.. Gompers in his letter cold
cnaa enae laoor demanded of the present
congress the passage of the Wilson
OH, amending the Sherman anti
Srusg law; the Pearre bill repnlat-
ing the Issuance of injunctions. the
extension e1, e of the eight hour law 'te te
az az government employees and to
IN me employees performing worI orr fop ~
en, ene government, and a generas m
employers liability law annfiI
ea6le to all workers. So far pp.n
iee'erd jurisdiction extends
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

the gubernatorial campaign and
among other things made the re-
marx that IL would not be possible
Tor him to grt the nomination and
offered to make bet of 5000 to
that effect.
MIR. Sheer, noticing that the
fellow was intoxicated and think
ing that he was not serious in his
remark, paid no further attention
to Shuttlesworth, and turned
arouud and again started talking
with the crowd with which he had
been discussing matters before the
detective came up and interrupted
Them. Shuttesworth, evidently
angered because the auditor paid
no further attention to him, sud
denly stepped up and dealt Mr..
Scheer powerful blow from be-
hind, striking him on the side of
the face and sending him to the
floor. Not satisfied with having
knocked Mr.. Scherr down his as
slant then started to kick him
and he delivered several very hard
blows with his shoes about the
head of the man, who was lying
on the floor of the hotel lobby.
Almost instantly the crowd
closed in on the fight and Shuttles-
worth before anyone could stop
him, mingled with the crowd and
made his way out of the hotet and
got away. Friends Immediately
assisted the auditor to his feet and
he was taken to a chair in the
lobby, where his injuries were at
tended to and in a short time he
was again apparently in good
shape, though he suffered con-
siderably from the wounds that
had been inflicted.
At the time of the assault, in ad-
dition to the large number of
people who are always in the lobby
of the hotel in the evening, there
was a large number of physicians
of the state who are here attending
the annual meeting Of their state
organization, about the hotel lobby,
as most of them were on their way
to the big banquet which was
given in their honor at the hotel
this evening AS soon as the
auditor was assisted to chair
mary Of the physicians crowded
about and through directions from
some of them who knew him well
his hurts were dressed.
There was great indignation eX
pressed by the large crowd in the
hotel at the time of the assault. 1t
was generally conceded there was
absolutely nothing to warrant the
attack upon Mr.. Scherr and quite
a number of people rushed out and
did all they dould in trying to
locate Shuttlesworth, but though
a thorough search was made, the
fellow had evidently made good
his escape.
After the news Of the unwar-
ranted assault had become noised
about the city and the friends of
the auditor heard of it, there was
some talk of lynching Shuttles-
worth and quite a number are said
to have gone on the hunt OF ropes,
while others are said to have Sc
cured fire armens and started out
on a search for the man who com
mitted the assault. However,
nothing developed, but had 1T not
been for the fact that Shuttles-
worth disappeared so quickly
after committing the assault it is
possible there would have been an
| 70 La of
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21
Boost, Don't ''Knock. -

Says the Weekly Bulletin of the
Clothing Trades; "When local
union finds its interest waning,
non attendance at meetings, mem
bers lapsing through non payment
of dues, ETC., there is usually a
reason, and in most cases the rea-
son is disloyalty- When members
of a union begin to knock and
lose confidence in each other, the
officers, headquarters, etc, it is
simply matter of time when the
strongest local union is reduced to
barely working quorum. Be
loyal. Boosta bit. Stop knocking
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21
COWARDLY ASSAUI r
By A "GUARD.''

good one. Wheeling labor is
proud of Ned Sims. ALWAYS
working in the interests of his
fellows and taking nothing for
himself, he holds unique and
honorable place. Workers who
know Ned have always respected
him, and anything that they could
give could be his for the asking,
but his modesty and self efface
ment has prevented reward. Ned
could have been president of the
reorganized State Federation of
Labor, but could not be induced to
accept it. He could doubtless
nave been delegate from the Inter-
national Typographical Union to
the American Federation of Labor,
IT he had made the second race.
Wheeling Typographical Union in.
duced him to allow his name to be
used once. and he was second high
est of the unsuccessful candidates
the entire country, and
then they couldn't coax him to run
again. Since he has been out
few days for the International he
has done more real work than many
general organizers do in month.
The printing craft in particular
and labor in general in the Vir-
ginias will be the better for Ned
Sims tour.-Wheeling Majority.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

The many friends of Z. B. Wick
ers, of Mucklow, are urging him to
become d candidate for justice of
the peace of Cabin Creek district
on the Democratic ticket. Should
he decide to enter the race he will
make very formidable candidate
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

they they are ruthlessly robbed of
this liberty it is about time to
call a halt.
Will the 10000 legal voters in
kanawha county continue to be
conti oiled by a few Democratic
and Republican politicians
1t is time for honest men to act.
Will they do itf
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

Vice President Lanhan and
Organizer krallman attended the
meeting of the Hernshaw local
Thursday evening and addressed
that body. The meeting was well
attended and very enthusiastic.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

National Board Member Thomas
cairns and District Secretary B..
+. Morris spent the first of the
week in the Tunnelton field, where
they went to look over the strike
situation and take the necessary
steps to make a satisfactory settle.
ment.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

A nice little meeting was held at
Coalburg on Monday evening by
Oaganlzer krallman, Sub District
PRESIDENT Hastings and Secretary
Kramer. AS result of the meet.
ing fifteen new members were
taken in the local and general in
terest revived.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

Organizer Craigo was at Black
Betsy Saturday on business per.
tanning to the local at that place.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

a joint meeting of the Banner
and Wacomah locals was held at
Wacomah Thursday which was ad.
dressed by Board Member Javins
and Organizer Pellizzri. Consider
able interest was aroused.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

espouse than anything that has
occurred for many years past
Labor World.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

j: 81. Shank. of Dungriff, was
in the city Saturday in attendance
upon the Democratic convention.
he is one of the wheel horses in
the organization on Briar Creek.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

Board Member Van Johnson. of
burnwell, was here Saturday on
Official business in connection with
the organization.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

Organizer Pellizzri was at
Boomer the first of the week and
arranged for a big meeting at that
place next Sunday at which time a
number of the officials will be
present and address the meeting.
The meeting will take place in the
Odd Fellows hall and will com
mence at l O'Clock sharp.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

George Marks, one the staunch
union men of Paint Creek, was
mere from Burnwell Monday on
business at the District Office.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21
A DESERVED
APPOINTMENT
Ned Sims, of Wheeling Typo
graphical Union Appointed as
Organizer for the l. 7. U.

The appointment of Edward
Sims as organizer for West V1r-
ginia and Virginia, by the Inter
national Typographical Union Is
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

President Davis and National
Executive Board Member VIM.
Morgan left Sunday morning for
Clnc1nnati TO hold a conference
with ) p. Dieter of the Big Sandy
Goal Company, operating mines at
W1lllamsport, KY, with a view to
renewing their contract with the
org anization.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

DISTRICT

Miners are Manitesting Great
Interest and are Turning Out in
Large Numbers to Attend
Meetings.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

A special meeting of the Capt.
tai City Trades Assembly was
held on Monday evening and after
a short and sweet executive session
adjournment was taken until the
regular meeting Monday evening
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

Who was elected yesterday by
Charleston Typographical Union
No. 146, to represent that body in
the international Typographical
Convention to be held in Boston
the first week in August.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21
TRADES
ASSEMBLY
Will Have Big Meeting Monday
Evening-Much Important Bus
mess to be Transacted.

The meeting of the Trades AS
sembly on Monday evening will be
of great Importance to all organ
lied labor in this section. Many
matters of interest to the trades
unionists of the city will be dis
cuSSed and final action taken on
several propositions that have been
pending for some time. The COM
mittee Oh Bylaws and consti-
button will report and every de.
legate should be present. The
question of a Labor Day celebrat-
ion here this fall will be consider
ed and committees appointed.
Don't fail to be present.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21
ORGANIZED LABOR
AGAIN BETRAYED
and will have the united support
of the union men of the entire
district regardless of political af-
filiations.

Mote Thompson. of Burnwell,
was in the oity last week under
goining an operation on one of his
eyes which was severely burned by
coming in contract with an open
lamp in the hands of another man
who accidently jabbed it into Mr..
Thompson's eye. While it is very
painful no serious result is antici-
pated from the injury
On last Saturday Vice President
Lanham and Organizer Krallman
effected a settlement with the
company operating the mines at
Hartfort in the Pomeroy Bend.
The settlement is based upon the
present rate of wages and carries
with it the check-off and the eight
hour day. They certainly are to
be congratulated upon their good
work, and it is to be hoped that
they will succeed in making MANY
more agreements of the same kind
in the near future.
National Board Member William
Morgan, of Ohio, and Organizers
Cralgo and Pellizzri addressed the
miners at Carbondale last Wednes-
day evening. A large crowd
turned out and the meeting was
a great success and will result i'm
much good. Mr.. Morgan also
held very successful meeting at
!Handley Thursday evening. He
had arranged for meeting at
Powelton on Friday evening. but
owing 10 the weather it had to be
postponed to later date. He
Will hold series of open air meet
ings throughout the valley during
the coming month.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21

Subscribe for the Labor Argu.s
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1908-05-21
Soulsby, Fraser and Nease Slaughtered
by the Gang.
Slate of the Cabin Creek Coal Oper-
ators Goes Through without
Hitch.

.tch,.
they they are ruthlessly robbed O.
this liberty it is about time te
call halt.
Will the 10000 legal voters in
hanawha county continue to be
contl oiled by a few Democratic
and Republican politicians
1t is time for honest men to act.
Will they do itf
KANAWHA
DISTRICT
Miners are Manitesting Great
Interest and are Turning Out in
Large Numbers to Attend
Meetings.
Organizer Craigo was at Black
Betsy Saturday on business per.
tanning to the local at that place.
Board Member Van Johnson. of
Burnwell, was here Saturday on
official business in connection with
the organization.
George Marks, one the staunob
union men of Paint Creek, was
here from Burnwell Monday on
business at the District Office.
j.: ID. Shank. of Dungriff, was
IN the city Saturday in attendance
upon the Democratic convention.
he is one of the wheel horses in
the organization on Briar Creek.
A joint meeting of the Banner
and Wacomah locals was held at
Wacomah Thursday which was ad.
dressed by Board Member Javins
and Organizer Pellizzri. Consider.
able interest was aroused.
Vice, President Lanhan and
Organizer krallman attended the
meeting of the Hernshaw local
thursday evening and addressed
that body. The meeting was well
attended and very enthusiastic.
National Board Member Thomas
Cairns and District Secretary r.
+. Morris spent the first of the
week in the Tunnelton field, where
they went to look over the strike
and take the necessary
steps to make a satisfactory settle
ment.
A nice little meeting was held at
Coalburg on Monday evening bv
Organizer Krallman, Sub District
PRESIDENT Hastings and Secretary
hramer. AS a result of the meet.
ing fifteen new members were
taken in the local and general i'm
terest revived.
Organizer Pellizzri was at
Boomer the first of the week and
arranged for big meeting at that
place next Sunday at which time a
number of the officials will he
present and address the meeting
The meeting will take place in the
odd Fellows hall and will com :.
mence at l O'Clock sharp.
President Davis and National
Executive Board Member VIM.
Morgan left Sunday morning for
Cincinnati to hold a conference
with j. P. Dieter of the Big Sandy
Coal Company, operating mines at
W1lllamsport, KY, with a view to
renewing their contract with the
org anization.
The many friends of E. b. Wick.
ers, of Mucklow, are urging him to
become d candidate for Justice OF
the peace of Cabin Creek district
on the Democratic ticket. Should
he decide to enter the race he will
make very formidable candidate
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-03-19
MT. CARBON.

Mrs. l.. D. Hodge, state deputy of
the L. O. of T. r., paid two death
claims in Star Of Bethany Fountain,
No. 1912, on the 10th.
Prof. II. II. Rally closed his school
at this place, Friday.
We are glad to see the announce
ment Of r. S. Daley for assessor.
w. w. Banks has closed his school
at Elk Ridge.
J. w. cambridge was a pleasant
visitor in our town, Sunday.
Mrs. S. E. Williams is reported on
the sick list.
Rev. S. E. Williams has returned
from a weeks visit in the state Of
Ohio, and reports pleasant trip.
Rev. J. J. Turner will preach the
thanksgiving sermon Of the K. Of
P.'s on March 29th, at II o'clock a.
m.
Miss Bessie Dove, Of Eagle ,is the
guest Of Mrs. Williams.