The National tribune., 1908-12-17
EXCHANGE CARTEL.
The Basis Was the Agreement DStwee1
the AnericanR and lnglish In 1919

EXCHANGE CARTEL.
The Basis Was the Asreement Bstwse.
the Anericans and 1hgiish In 1919
serg't Toomsy. Ce,. q. 21st Pa,
Hazelton, Pa, asks: "Nvho was It In the
civil war that made the agreement to
exchange prisoners? Will you please
lures and the relative value of the diff
ferent grades Of rank for exchange?"
The following is copy OF the cartel
asked Tor. There were other agree
ments. in which the officers of all grades
| were exchanged for more enlisted men
than this cartel fixed--in 1864 one car
tel exchanged 120 enlisted men for a
General.
General Orders No. 142.
War Department,
Adjutant-Generars Office,
Washington, Sept. 25, 1852.
The following is the cartel under
which prisoners are exchanged in the
| existing war with the Southern States:
Haxall's Landing, on James River,
Virginia, July %, 1862.
| The undersigned. having been COM
missioned by the authorities they re-
spectively represent to make. arrange
| ers OF war, have agreed to the following
articles:.
Art. /. 1t Is hereby agreed and stipu-
lated that all prisoners of war held by
either party, including those taken on
private armed vessels known as pri-
vateers, shall be discharged upon the
| conditions and terms following:
Prisoners to be exchanged man for
man and officer for officer; privateers to
be placed upon the footing of officers
| and men Of the navy.
Men and officers Of lower grades may
be exchanged fer officers Of higher
grade, and men and officers Of differ
| ent services may be exchanged accord
Ing to the following scale of equiva-
lents:
A General commanding in chief or
an Admiral shall be exchanged fop-eff1-
GERS Of equal rank or for 60 privates or
common seamen.
A Flag officer or Major-Gener shall
| be exchanged for officers of equal rank
or for 40 privates or common seamen.
| A Commodore carrying broad PEN
nant or a Brigadier-General shall be
exchanged for officers of equal rank or
20 privates or common seamen.
A Captain in the navy or q Colonel
| shall be exchanged for officers Of equal
rank or for 15 privates or common sea-
| men.
| A Licutenant-Colonel or Command
er In the navy shall be exchanged for
officers of equal rank or for 10 privates
or common seamen.
shall be exchanged for officers of equal
rank or eight privates or common sea.
| men.
| A Lieutenant or Master in the navy
or a Captain In the army or marines
shall be exchanged for officers of equal
rank or six privates or common sea-
men.
Masters Mates in the navy or Lieu
tenants and Ensigns In the army shall
be exchanged for officers of equal rank
or four privates or common seamen.
Midshipmen, Warrant Officers In the
navy. Masters of merchant vessels and
Commanders Of privateers shall be ex-
changed for officers of equal rank OF
three privates or common seamen.
Second Captains, Lieutenants or
Mates Of merchant vessels or privateers
and all petty officers in the navy and all
lnon-commissioned officers In the army
or marines shall be severally exchanged
for persons Of equal rank or for two
privates or common seamen, and pri-
yate soldiers or common seamen shall
be exchanged for each other man for
man.
Art. VI. The stipulations and provi-
sions above mentioned to be of binding
| obligation during the continuance OF
the war, II matters not which party
may have the surplus of prisoners, tn.
great principles involved being: /. Ar
equitable exchange of prisoners. man
for man, officer for officer. or officers
OF higher grade exchanged for officers
of lower grade, or for privates, accord
ing to the scale of equivalents. 2. That
privateers and officers and men of diff
ferent services may be exchanged ac-
cording to the same scale of equiva-
lents. 3. That all prisoners, of what
ever arm of service, are to be exchanged
or paroled In 10 days from the time OF
their capture, if it be practicable tc
transfer them to their own lines tr
that time; if not, as soon thereafter a:
practicable. 4. That no officer. soldier
or employe In the service of either party
Is to be considered as exchanged an6
absolved from his parole until hi!
equivalent has actually reached the
lines of his friends 5. That the parole
forbids the performance of field, garri
son, police or guard or constabular,
duty.
(Signed) John A. Dix,
Major General.
(Signed) D. H. Hill,
Major r-General, c. S. A.
By order Of the Secretary Of War:
L. Thomas, Acknowledgement.
A Square Meal Of Wholesome Truths