davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Making Butter on the Farm.

There are two prime essentials In
making butter on the farm g profit
able business. In the first place. one
must have plenty OF pure, cold water,
and then q good enough grade must
be turned out 70 make and hold Gus
toners. Tie trouble with nine out
OF every ten farm homes IS they are
rot equipped &c take care OF milk and
cream When one goes into this
work 10 make money. better put ID
milk room, where pure water nay be
had from pumping or from z spring.
Concrete floor AMI walls may now De
built IS chesply IS with Lumber. AMI
il : q great deal batter than lumber.
Don't stop here. 4 barrel churn and
: butter maker will be necessary il
turning out : uniform product. Il
locks essy-si1ply separating tns
cream, ehuTnins till the butter comes
and sailing and the trick Is done.
That is where 50 many fail. The
cream must b chu-ned Al the right
temperature: i must be neither TOO
sweet Tor too sour. Working aai
sailing butter % secure uniform eclor
and favor Is very nice art. Doa't
t-y 20 learn % co i intaili6ly IN two
o. three weeks, but by all means
don't practice On your customers.
That means loss II IS better . wait
Two Or three months until you are
sure Of yOEE cuality before you seek
customers Ana before you ship. find
out Row -FOUR COMMISSION nan OF pr
v1te customers prefer 10 have rhai-
butter put NJ Sometimes the pack
2se means : difference OF no Or
three cents round = Indiana
Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Mhole MIX For ysal Calres.

The journal OF the British Beard
= Agriculture SAYS tAz. probably :
month i IS long Is Il Is advisable .
.ss6 c2lvss c1 wkols MIX q : dairy
,2-0 o. uZ1l vhsy hare reached
seo1. lsa pounds. liTe weight. q
oizsiy-Sx 7oazSs Of veal his
Te1sSc -zy - STAINED II : =o71h.
e-oTl6sd lie czlves s-e fztts5 s.
quickly 3 rcSsibss- b11 ere cz1zo-
&xQsc- = Go i GzlssS t1a calves 1-e
ss1 t2ses tines : day II e7
should also b z16e 70 have he
,zlvss IA 81 he SIzs yezl eo--zz5s
high prise, e-1s-wlSs he rs-z-zs
sro1 Tezli2g q ~Ao1s nix nay -.
- = 81 satisfactory
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Increment Is Spreading.

The movement for 2 better syster
Of American highways Is gaining /,
favor throughout the country. PubHl
men in public speeches are MAXIM
good roads an issue. In the Wes
counties are voting appropriations fol-
hard thoroughfares. And they havt
found that such investments have 70
turned handsome Interest.
Senator Bankhe26. OF Alabama, /
advocating an amendment to thi
Postal Appropriation bill proyidill
for fund OF $500 600 to improl
roads used by rural delivery route
in all the States where half such
sum shall be raised locally or througl
the operation OF State enactments-
New York American
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Heavy Feeding of Dairy Cows.

Al Eastern GaSymGn with : herd
CT GEernseys feeds considerably more
than the average led over the country
nearly all the COWS will clean up
both winter and summer. He says:
Ny preference Of grain feed for win
fer. prices admitting. is four parts OF
and six Of hoEiuy meal. twelve
pounds OF the mixture with thirty
pounds Of silage and six pounds %
mixed hay for the average Gov. The
larger mixers receiving more grain.
il nzrTows their ration 70 some ex-
tent Weekly Witness.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Z Good Roads. =
Our Wretched Roam

The much-exploited Ma v
Paris motor car race has basn =
long time such an obvious far. ~
ing TO the execrable condition :. wv y
roads between New York s,s ~
Francisco. that the Discovery :. ' "a
impossibility OF traversing he lug
kan coast on the way to tina D.. Ids
Straits does not surprise naon,4
the least. The scheme was rs Y
a. the outset. It sounded veil s.a
when stated, but it soon beosrs :
parent that motor cars that eorIs ~ ~
get through the snow On the ~
ways OF the continent could ba.s
be expected to negotiate the cbas.
holes. drifts and snow banks IL :
frozen trail from Valdez IN ~
regardless Of the absurdity of esa.'
ing Boring Straits on the ice
However ridiculous the anti-clin..
OF this stage of the race nav bs =
affair has sharply emphasized y.
urgent necessity OF concerted ac,;.'
throughout this country il favor n
good roads. Our highways ara II
present a disgrace 10 Us as 2 eivil;,s,
people We boast OF our advsn..
ment, when We cannot send q mo,"
car. the highest type OF our macb,,
ical development to-day. 500 mil.
without being mired helplAsslr
Washington. for an example. il i.
tually isolated from the North II
South and the West, as regards i,
ordinary roads of travel Hesr
teams can make their way thron,,|
over long distances, but with M
greatest difficulty.
Motoring 70 Washington shonld N
one Of the most delightful pastimes \
those with the leisure 10 travel ahor
the country in this manner. But i,
no idle task II is an achievement
q triumph OF patience and mechanic
construction. Only the more intran
motorists undertake il. save tbo,I
who venture without asking the x,r
There should be 3 road between M
city and New York so well built an
well maintained that : good car conf
make the run easily il Z day and
half without pushing At any star,
Such road would cost money. but
would pay quickly. It now takl
four days. unless tho car is raced ).
gardless OF safety.
Those who use the roads alvsu
note the difference il the anpearau
Of the country when the highways IN
prove or deteriorate in quality. Mol
ing through a muddy, treacherou
road, the traveller see OF either han
the signs Of Indifferent managemeu|
Passing thence into The region Of M
well constructed uacadam pike
with evidences OF constant, integ
gent repairing, 10 imagination is ID
CURED TO discern the tokens Of pros
perity and progresSiveness.
Il is always interesting 10 the tran
eler by road 70 ponder whether til
good road IS the cause OF the effect !
the prosperity which Is always 4
abundantly visible on every hand
Certainly the good road enables Ii
farmer 10 do his work with less Labor
saves his stock. increases his prof,
and adds to his net income If he hal.
his goods 10 market That is dst&
onstrable fact The poor road da
courages settlers OF the better sor
gives the land the aspect Of negas
and encouragement and. in short
stamps the region with the sign d
shIftless1ess or poverty. Washing
ton Star.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05

The city Of Paris. which enjoys ..
excellent reputation for gensla'
cleanliness. hsS method Of cleanlus
its streets quite unlike that empiO'sss
in most other towns. All dirt az, aus
refuse Of whatever kind, incluuius
the large waste from the street nia 20.
kets. Is swept into the CUTTERS .n sss
are flushed with water from the 0e =.
and everything Is washed in'o :.
sewers Sn6 carried through LIZ a..
great drains into the river some an -.
tance below the city. In this way ~ -
dirt is quickly removed. and 2. o. ssn
times the water runs clear ana e's IN
through the cutters II looks sV II
enough 70 driRk. and II Is not = s,ns
uncommon to see persons VASE, ssary
their hands il the cutters. by MAJ
s Daniels.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
a Rsr Csbine,.

T1s-s : ltttis excuse Eor z1r farm
= los having su=eis.cv OF ho--
Oz1s tsT1csS ~hisA are kz-5r %
sEo-e vsrs01s things and save lsbo-.
Especially : this - v1ea -hsy eaa
ae ec-st-1c-s6 CIT Of Ct. goods q
s-ocs<y oczsS- z5G1zzS Eaz- nay Re
sal o he e2hs1s- shown II tas e-L
u can - -E5s any size desired. z-S
I Pit 1oss-hs- r1gs. VII - p-zc-s-
ezlly Zo1ss z-5 rat r-oo1 T1s draw
srs are cozTs15so1 il ~hscA 10 II.
robes. elzzk=-S AID he Ike. zz5 -.e
s1slvss o. Compartments 4 he -
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
II WIN No. Cone Rass.

Do 1o< b II too EzeA a : hurry -
gr0T - There are z-s who shSns
q S1Ss- ycEzA Is barrier sArsins
then ou< fro- Eh2- shsy wo1s -oss
enjoy B1< spring hz< its blossoms
l. vel - s--zs-. AMI = Is bsSe to
s1-oT III va0ls<s without 1sSs5zS oas.s
SET - 1-z1ras-z to- rcssS Make the
z21sz q LIES SE-l1g. for II I'll not
cone 11Ek-Ths Girls Co-ransoa
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Fading TzrkeyS.

A turkey e2ts 10 more s1i Prob
ably costs less 70 keep for : yez-
han chs chicken hen Watch The
.cSk - feeding time. IS tie grain :
scattered. and II turkeys and chick
AIS s2t together il will be seen that
he turkeys pick ID 10 mere. ard
probably much less. grain than their
mailer a1d quicker asishbo-s- Their
are Invariably better fo-zsszsA Even
4 winter they ind something here.
here AID everywhere. while ire
:Aickeos stay II their snug quarters
i1d wzit fo- too5 = D. b-ough. g
s2-Ez-Es-s Eo1s Journal
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Preserving Eggs With Lard.

Cover fresh egg with thin coat
Ing of lard, and il viii keep perfectly
good for an indefinite period. accord
Ing TO e report Of 3 new method OF
preserving eggs made 10 the State
Department by Consul Murphy At
Bordeaux. The discovery is Of Iral-
ian origin. and IS regarded as iupor-
taat, as i is claimed that 100 eggs
can thus Be preserved with four cents
worth Of lard and 81 hour c. time
Weekly Witness.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05

nails. hz--=S. wrs-eAss and C11s-
snail tcoss i i hzz5E rl2es ID
Stare snail ss=1s. cc-5l-5ca rc--
6s-ss Izi-s1S and E5zezz@ to-
farm 2nz-2as Iz5se5- there are
many services that such Al zEzir ear
- Zz5s Use Ct. &El q wh5ca Vii
readily suggest tAsZss1Ess whsa =
k1< been hzi1- 2z1 SET II Place
Fred o. Sztlsy- II Farm AID Hone
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
~C~A S~e>s.aeEz9
CA FOR Tf1E pI.l
EAPMEPkassA
ST0kMAk
gss~)3yg

Office which rye performs Is 70 absorb
great quantities, while the ground Is
reeking with moisture in the early
spring. so that when il is turned
down il the furrow it carries under
with it tons OF water per acre and
holds it in such shape that il will not
be readily eyapo-ated. = Farmers
Home Journal
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05

Al old friend a. he family kas
1rO27sd il 70 So yozng lzEye-
#A0ss tz,Asr vas S-Ill pzy11s lis
o@cs rs2s-
- yo2 2-s zo= 7-zcS;ez1s Law
S1s Old tEss21 said gs-s2lly.
Nc. 81. So ~ cszE56 yc--h
! 9RQs2r % -. ezt an re2Ily --zc-
t1S11S sco2oCy - yozshs O.
pz-sol
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05

- they viii stand well apart - The
eo1.on- - Is hall for holding
milk pail and Is made t-on tooea Of
az old rake L Is eoItst on Just far
s2oush away from stool 80 the pail
Kill 1ot strike VIXEN swinging either
s2y- When cow gosS u step. s2ys
he Missouri Waller Farmer. lust
wing pail ont Of the way and save
he milk 215 -your temper.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
AN EASILY MADE McRo,lErER.
BY Dr.. Thomas f. Baker. Rollins Col
lee. FLORIDA

Il often become necessary Eor The
exre-inenser o. practical WORKER u
ind the thickness q material - thin.
or inooavsatis1t 70 measure. th2. ne
thickness cannes b found oy means
o. 5 toos-zule. o. other COMMON meas
Uri1s device \ simple, fairy at
enrsSs. sai easily made apparatus q
the nic-ousssz fern may BE Cor
sSr1c-e5 IS fellows,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Every Town in the Country Should
Awake 10 the Dangers.

So grave IS the danger OF tu5erc1-
losis from infected animals that We
hope 10 see the time within the next
ten years when every town in tbs
country will require every dairyman
selling milk and butter 10 take out
license. certifying that his herd is in
spected annually by the proper au-
thorities and all diseased animals
killed. II some one suggest thar il is
strange for farm paper 10 urge this
policy upon the towns. il IS enough 10
say that considerations of humanity
alone would make this cause impe-z-
tive, but our interest II the success Of
dairying is also involved. The high
er prices thar the public will be Will
ing 10 pay for thoroughly guaranteed
nilk-and even more. the sreatly in
creased patronage the public will give
will compensate fer the temporary
losses 70 dairynsn. resulting from
the killing Of infected animals.
Moreover. it will. also. pay the
dairynan il the long run through the
greater efficiency Of his COWS owing
L freedom from disease. Il is los.
ing game for any farmer 70 keep III.
bercaloSis in his herd regardless Of
considerations Of duty 10 his custom
ers.
Rigid regulations on the part OF
the towns will not only save countless
lives. but viii also help the dairy
business tD By bringing about
healthier and more efficient herds.
gu By Increasing the patronage OF
daries. ard CSl in the better prices
The public Will De willing 70 pay.
The Conclusion Of the Whole Matter
N brief. then: II you have tuber.
eulous cows, keeping them may mean
death &c your family or 10 your "a
lro1s- Tie city that shuts its eyes to
these facts and d,es not provide for
a6s1usEs Inspection OF its dairy sup
plies sins against knowledge and is in
partnership With tuberculosis in is
annual slaughter NOT only OF number
less infants. bur o. thousands Of
admits as well.-Fron the Pros-es-
slve Farmer
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05

Sso1szla VS. to-zElr 1zs q tie
k1-g1c-s @ Europe. 1o~ fo--Izg
part @ the AzSzro-EEzszrszz -oz-
8rrkE- IrS territorial area ! 1881.
szSz-s niles L enzzz1zS nearly 4ss
cities
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Auti.Spill Mix Stool.

"B Is made Of Lumber Ixl0 il
chss and IS inches long. wi-h :
piece % 2x4 to- legs 70 % through
nailed o. he under side. the hack
pieee going croSsw1ys and the front
one lsogthvsys Bore holes for legs
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Mas WHs0m.

There are T~o periods II -zz-x
Efs whsz - : z-1A5s - understand
wozsn- Oz= : hss1-s Ez<-iags 1zs
Is csAs< 2.xs<.-EzrE<rHs weekly.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
Szanaaari Rnle F~ IfsA

L SA0- w0-lSs1 5-1 -2eA fzvo~ ant
nezes wz<A SkEsslf ard III fsslow-
Zsz - vs-E taw il tAIre c~z evsS
F0-gzvs thysslt little and csnsrS
zE<A-Ls<xAtoz-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05

In tie Tssz1z Lzsszz tAszs s
cclhse<So. O. COTS Numbering ozs
hundred ard twenty-five Es0zsz1s. II
= sid - - TIE Ezsss = sAs w1<si
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05
YOU MAY CATCH CONSUMPTION FROM DAIRY COWS
tuberculosis and That All Towns Enact Sticter
Regulations For the Sale OF Meat, Milk and Butter.

stricter regulations are adopted. As
the bulletin under reconsideration says:
1T is imperatiyely necessary for
the protection Of public health thar
all dairy herds should be cleaned Of
tuberculous animals Il makes no
difference whether the milk obtained
from q tuberculous herd. or q herd
that contains one or more tuberculcus
animals. is sold as milk or cream OF
butter; in al forms it Is equally o.
iectionable and dangerous Il IS NOS
question OF the exposure OF children
alone, but also OF adults; the former
drink more milk. but the latter eat
butter oftener and il larger quaint
ties. Until We are certain that the
milk delivered to US By dealers is or
tanned from healthy COWS in ever
way projected from exposure TO IT,
berculosis, We should not use it until
it has been pasteurized or ste-ilize5.
and all cream that is not above susp.-
eion should al least be pasteurized
before It is used in the preparation
Of butter
How TO Tell What Cows Are Tubet-
cuious.
But how can you tell whether or
not an animal mas tuberculosis?
Only by the tubercalin test-the
outfit being q Thermometer. hypois--
mic syringe and the commercial u
berculin 4 dairy herd OF any co.
siderable size will probably be testst
By your State Veterinarian. il is
owner will agree 10 carry cut his II
struetions The farmer himself
might make the test. the operation
being comparatively simple: To-day
take the temperature OF the animals
three or four times. tonight in;ecr
the Iuberculin, tomorrow take three
or four times teYery two hours from
8 z. n. until P. NJ and watch tcs
result The presence Of tuberculos-s
IS indicated by an elevation Of ter
perature Of 25 degrees OF more en-
the second day, above the highest
temperature the preceding DAY. Pro5-
ably no COW should be positively pro-
nOuneed tabercuIous unless the ten
peraEure rises 70 104 degrees Fan.
and not then until the presence OF
other diseases which might cause the
elevation of temperature has been
eliminated.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-05

Fortunately among our ha-5v farm
cattle il tie South tuberculosis :
rare. bgt i : zlz-Ei1glx co-z Z in
dairy herds near ci1ss Tns-e i
hz15lE : good sired eow1 IN the
South thz- i uoE n9~ setting milk
fran sozs ts- su1s-cuious cattle.
and his E1s- co1uaUs 70 bs true
Vr0hzbly Increasingly Cs uouI
Bisbee daily review., 1908-01-28
COFFIN WAS A BACK NUMBER.
Sc Pennsylvania Man Sold it and win
 Purchase Another.

Isaac Coffmsn of Hatton, Pa, has sold a cofin he made many years ago. He sold 1t not because he felt he would have no use for it, but because his wife insisted that it was out of date. Mir. Coffman is nearing his eightieth birthday. He explained to a friend that he constructed the coffin 20 years ago. It was built of chestnut because. as he put it, ''Msny's the time have Eat beside . cheery blaze of chestnut logs and heard them craekie and burn merrily. It makes such a homeliks blaze that picked it in prefernce to other woods. It was my desire to have the coffin as cozy as possible, and I rejected the frivolities which so many persons affect in the matter of soffins. In order to have it handy kept 1t in the garret. But my wife tells me that styles have changed, and since l have accumulated little for tune she will not permit me to die un- less I consent to get an up-to-date easket. To avoid trouble agreed to sell the old one. But at the same time I think that the coffin which was good enough for me in my poorer days should satisfy me now. and shall always feel out of place in the new-fangled affair"
Bisbee daily review., 1908-01-28
METHODS ARE TOO STRENUOUS.
Why Yankee salesmen Have Not Sue
 eeeded in South America.

In the matter of salesmen abroad, we must have men who not only speak the language but who are also thor oughly conversant with the customs and idiosyncrasies of the people with whom they deal, says the Engineering Magazine The South American, in his buying as in almost everything else, is a most deliberate person as well as a sensitive one. A salesman who will call. smoke cigarette. talk inconsequently about the weather, the theater and the races, and answer questions-should any happen to be asked-rather than make assertions about his goods, will outsell five to one, the liveliest hustler that ever opened up sample case. This Is a thing so contrary to the instinct of the American salesman that, to date, in his wanton disregard of it, he has con stantly played into the hands of his more experienced European rivals Your Yankee drummers," says the latter politely, "are the greatest sales men h the uorld-in America"
Bisbee daily review., 1908-01-28
TOMBSTONE MINER
 HAS \ CLOSE GALL
Falls Down Ore Chute, But Grabs Timber In Time To
 Save Life.
(Snecial to Reyiew)

TOMBSTONE. Jan. 27.-John Ash croft, a miner in the employ d the Tombstone Consolidated Company, met with an accident yesterday after noon that might have caused his life. He was employed on the 100 foot level and while going toward the ore chute accidentally stumbled into 1t and fell He struck on a timber about ten feet down. and grabbing it. saved himself from falling to the bottom of the chute, a distance Of about fifty feet. He was rescued from his position by a fellow workman and immediately taken to the surface and to his home. Dr. Sloan was summoned and an vz animation showed that Mir. Ashcroft had escaped with few slight bruises and a small cut on the side of his head.
 Captain Harry Wheeler of the Ari- zona Rangers, has been summoned to Los Angeles to testify in the case of the government against Manuel Sara bia. who was indicted by the Uniteu States grand jury for alleged compile ity in the plan to invade Mexico that was being formulated in Douglas Dy the Mexican junta The order for the removal of the Mexicans, Villareal, and Magon is expected to be made in Los Angeles today by Judge Wilburn of the United States court. The case of Sarabia will also no doubt be act ed on
 The Chinese. Masonic lodge oi Tombstone has been carrying on high inks during the past few days They have been at work initiating a number of candidates into the mysteries oi the lodge who came from Pearce Lewis Springs and other places. Int festivities will continue Tor severa
 more days. The ceremonies are beinY
 held in the second story of the Kinl l building on the corner of Third ant l Allen streets. Several of tae mem | bsrs of the local lodge of Masons wert 1 interested spectators at the ceremon | ies. A big feast is to wind up tn 1 work of the lodge.
 | County Treasurer Gaines is slowl
 recovering from serious attack 0
 Ia grippe which has confined hint
 his bed for the past ten days.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-01-28
Advance ln miseroseopY.

The wonders revealed by the oTdf nary miscroscope are increased huadredfoid by . recent invention, whach eEables the use of high-Power
 feas as large as six inches in diameter
 thus bringing the whole of objects instead of details only under ooserya- Sion. By this means a common house fly is magnified not in parts, but all at once, till 1t appears to be as large as an ostrich or z condor, and. being inclosed in an open space, where ft is kept directly within the field of the glass and yet has ample roem, consid- ering it's size, to move about and en- gage in it's usual occupations. the op- DOT tunity for studying it are immense ily in advance of anything previously enjoyed by scientists. Vast worlds of microscopic life. hitherto only dreamed of, gre suddenly open to the ssaze of msIfkind, and discoveries os immense vaire can doubtless 'be made
Bisbee daily review., 1908-01-28

of the Pete Johnson Building, the Wal ter Hubbard Building, and other lots ID the hill, and near Castle Rock. that on Tuesday, the Fist day of Jan uaTy, 1908, at D. m., the City Sur veyor, John McNeish, will be on or at said ground to consult lot owners thereon as to where their corners and boundary lines are to be found. The City of Bisbee, through it's mayor as trustee for the use and benefit of toe lot owners has made application for patent to said ground as an addition to the original townsite of Bisbee. and will be in position in the near fin. ture to give lot owners city deeds to their respective lots. But first if is necessary to prepare a plat of said ground.
 It is earnestly requested that all lot owners of said tract or ground a;d MT. McNeish in preparing an ac- curate map and plat, showing the lots belonging to each claimant. If vo., have any deeds or written instru- ments that will aid in fixing the cor. ners and boundary lines, please brine them along. c. l.. CAyEN
 Mayor and Trustee
 Dated Bisbee. Arizona. January IT. i'V'' 54s
Bisbee daily review., 1908-01-28
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

Estate of Edward Steiner, Deceased. Notice Is hereby given by the under signed executrix of the last will and testament of Edward Steiner, deceas- ed. to the creditors and all persons having claims against the said de- ceased, to exhibit them, with the nee essary vouchers within four months after the first publication of this no tice to the said executrix, at her res idence on Oak street, Mason Hill. in the city of Bisbee, the same being the place for the transaction of business of said estate. in said county of Co chise. MARY B. STEINER. Executiix of the Last Will and Tes- lament If Edward, Deceased.
 Dated Bisbee. Arizona. this 10th day of January. 1908.
 First Publication January 12. 1908.
 4s0