davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1908-12-24
DOMESTIC Crepe sIouses.

Since the popularity of white cotton
crepe for everyday blouses domestic
cotton crepe for Is cents a yard has.
been brought out. 1t is not nearly as
good style as the Japanese article, but,
as the o.ner is expensive, this serves
as a good substitute. 1t washes well
and can be trimmed with little cot,
ton lace.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1908-12-24
Greenville Journal.

e. C. oTWELL, Ed. and Pub.
GREENVILLE, OHIO.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
FIFTEEN KILLED
IN TWO COLLISIONS
Nine Bodies Are Taken
From Wreckage Near
New Orleans.

NEW ORLEANS. Nov. l1.-At least
nine people were killed ami a number
injured IN a rear-end collision On the
New Orleans and Northeastern railway
this morning at Little Woods. twelve
miles from this city.
Nine bodies have already been taken
from the wreck The accident was
caused by the train running into an in
coming passenger train. The North
eastern train was made up OF FIVE
coaches and a baggage car and all We're
derailed.
The wreckagC caught fire but was soon
eXtinguished.
-Four cars on the Northeastern train
were smashed 70 kinding. Two of
them " ere packed with passengers and
not a soul escaped unluIuTeQ IL Is
expected many OF the injured viii die
They are now being brought 20 this
city on a hospital train which Was
rushed TO the scene
The car which suffered most was jam
med between two other wrecked coaches
in such a manner that the bodies OF
the dead cannot be removed until
WTeckiug apparatus reaches the scene
It Us possible several more bodies will
be found in the debris, The fire which
followed the wreck attacked this coach
and several bC.E'es were badly sc0rChed
before the flames could be checked.
identification of the dead had not been
attempted at noon.
Several of the victims are negroes.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
Opens Bids for Buildings
for Which $4,000, 900
Will Be Spent.
WORK OF A MONTH
HELPS Is TOWNS
During November Contracts Will
Be Awarded for Many New
Buildings All Over Country.

The Government IS starting a pros
perity boom Of its own just 70 show
that it is not behind the big industries
in celebrating the election of Taft.
During the month OF NOyemb ber. the
National Treasury viii spend some
thing in the neighbCThoOd Of S5,OOO,U00
in locations scattered ali over the
United states. That is, contracts, In
vOlyiug that sum of money Will be let
by the Treasury Department for con-
struCuOn, painting, repairing, and re-
furnishing public buildings ali over
the country.
Yesterday bids We're opened for
new and handsome postOtice at To-
IedO, Chic. which is 10 cost not more
than S5U0,0OO. The building is 20 be
of granite and Greproof 1t is ex-
pected 10 spread considerable pros
periUy IN Toledo. bus for a new buiid-
ing iu Cleveland We're opened NOvem-
Der 8.
AS a usual average. contracts are
awarded for ten new public buildings ia
Fari1u5 cities and towns. each month.
But getting down 10 work following the
election, ana giving prosperity boost,
James Knox Taylor, Supervising Arch
tect, has and viii IN tie month follow
ln5 election, give congsCts for fifteen
new buildings, including pOsJOfnces, Gus
tom houses, "a quarantine station, and
various other buildings. The most eX-
peuslye OF these Is the Cleveland post
0Ince Tor which approximately $4,000.
or che fun amount OI TIE appropriation.
viii be spent Dir. Taylor said this
morning that the public building work
VIII De put out as rapidly as possible.
We expect to maintain an average Of
fifteen buildings "a month now. outside
OK the great amount of repair work.
additions 10 buildings standing, painting,
reIurnishlng, and generally keeping up
the thousands OF buildings erected by
the Government In every State of the
Union he said.
There are at present $50 new build
ings 70 De put up. and before we finish
them more viii be authorized By Con-
gress-"
This lavish expenditure OF money by
the Federal Government and the giving
o4l OF contracts for construction work
az the rate OF fifteen buildings "a month
is calculated TO 30 a long way toward
making good the prosperity promises
of the Republican party. A feR, odd
thousand dollars is no small amount 10
be put into circulation and every uub-
lie DuLdlnE Is calculated 20 give a pros
perity boost.
The towns to be benefited this month
6y me prosperity policy Of Architect
Iay-oE are; Marietta, Ca; Eugene.
ore; TodelO. Ohio; lola. kan: Crooks
ton. Mun.i New llm. MINI; RawIIls.
Wy0.. Trinidad Col Gulf Quarantine
station, Chip Island Miss; Baker City.
ORE Hazietou5 Pa Milford Pa. Man
chester Va Newton. KAN Carlisle.
Pa. and GAINESVILLE, Ca
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
FORAKER NOT DOWN.
SAYS SENATOR DICK
Declares Colleague Has
Good Chance for His
Reelection.

If you think Senator Foraker is out
Of the Senatorial race you are greatly
mistaken; If YOU think he has lost his
friends in Ohio you are mistaken again. q"
So said Senator Charles Dick, lust
before starting for Ohio. Senator Dick
asserted very emphaticaIIy that Sen
ator Foraker had not only not retired
from the Senatorial race. but intended
20 make the fight OF his career for. re-
election.
And unless the supporters Of ali the
olher candidates combine on one man.
say Charles +. Taft continued Senator
LICK. i do not believe that thev viii
be able 70 take the prize from him
The al, acks upon Senator Foraker have
served 20 rally his friends around him
The attacks have taken on the asuect
Of persecution and the Inevitable result
has been that a reaction in the Sen
at0r's favor has set in"
From another source fl was learned
today that Senator Foraker has ure-
Jared speech in defense Of his record
which he VIII probably deliver soon
after the opening OF the Senate. Te
Ing the campaign about the time Of
the Standard oil letter disclosures. but
according 10 his friends. decided 10 wait
until after the election before pouring
the brOadside into his enemies camp
Had he done so before November 8 the
Republican cause might have been in
jUred.
when Foraker delivers his speech. 8"
said one of the Senator's friends to-
day, seats IN the gallery viii be worth
SO e5.sn, for the Senator viii not only
defend his own character in fOr1efui
language, but he viii tear the masks
from the faces of his foes. and some
men way up viii squlrm.'
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
Six Trainmen Are Killed
In Crash Near Cheyenne

CHEYENNE, Wyo., Nov 11.-Six per
SONS are dead and three others badly in
jured as the result of a wreck on the
Union Pacific at Bore, eleven miles west
of here, today. An extra freight col
Hded with an engine and cabOOse. The
wreCkage caught fire.
Engineer Schley, Conductor Murphy
and Fireman Christensen are among the
dead. Four bodies are still under the
wreckage. Those of SChley and an un-
known man have been recovered
The badly hurt are Fireman Tracy,
Fireman Percy Hanson. and Engineer
Joseph Clinton.
The freight train got beyond control
on the heavy grade TO Bore and dashed
into the engine and ca5oose late last
night The train doubled up in a heap.
After the wreckage took fire the flames
baffed all efforts TO subdue them. BY
heroic work the three injured urainmen
were rescued before the blaze reached
them.
The bodies not already recovered Will
probably be consumed by the FIRE.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
ENEMY TO PEACE CAUSE
ROOSEVELT IS CALLED
Hobson and Evans as Dangerous to international
Amity-Was at Hague

PHILADELPHIA, Nov. u.-DecIarlng
President Roosevelt TO be the most dan
gerOus enemy 10 the cause of inter
national peace to be found in this coun-
try, Prof. William 1. Hull. of Swarth-
more College, launched a savage de
nunCiaJion of the Presidents naval pol
icy before the Friends Peace Associa-
tion.
I'VE are seeing the same policy that
Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor pursued
being applied in the naval policy Of this
Government" said Dr. Hull
"Our President, Congressman EIobson,
and Admiral Evans are the foremost
advocates OF expansion and enlargement
of our lighting strength, and they are
doing much TO thWaTt the efforts being
made TO develop the modern idea Of
peace. There is danger OF our throw
ing aside the opportunity 10 take the
The Washington times., 1908-11-11

first place among world powers in the
great movement"
Referring the editorial position which
the President has accepted on the
sJaffof Outlook, DR.. HIN said:
In becoming a contributor 10 the
pages of that magazine, the President
VIII have an excellent opportunity TO
WELD his influence in favor Of an in
increased naval and military strength,
and the Outlook viii carry even more Of
the same sentiment than 1t has carried
IN the past
u admire the President for many
things. To his efforts the second Hague
conference and the treaty Of Ports
mouth were mainly due; but because
OF his honesty Of purpose and his deter
lnlnduon in advocating his views he is
the most dangerous enemy the peace
movement has"
Frot. HUI was present at the second
Hague Conference and his written a
book on that session
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
GRUDGE AGAINST GIRL
NURSED BY BULLDOG
French Pet Bites Maid as She
Passes Him on the
Street.

NEW YORK, Nov. u.-As Mrs
Thomas Tighe, of 10l West Forty-eighth
street, was leading her French bulldog
down Eighth avenue, the dog bit the
leg OF Katherine Callahan, of 1S4 Eighth
avenue, at Forty-nfth street.
Mrs. Tighe took the dog to the West
Forty-seventh street police station and
reported the incident TO the police.
While she was there the bulldog was
guiet and apparently friendly. When q
Few minutes later Katherine Callahan
ana her parents entered the station
nOuse, the dog began stTainiug at his
leash in an effort to bite the little girl
again,
Then it was recalled that the dog was
clicked several months ago by a Eirl of
about Katherine age, and Mrs. Tighe
remembered that the girl resembIed The
Callahan girl strikiugly.
The Callahan girl was attended at
ghe station house By Dr. Mills. of
Roosevelt Hospital, and was able TO 20
home.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
ESTATE OF $l2O,O0O
WILLED TO EMPLOYF

NEW YORK, Nov. IA spirited com
test IS being Waged over the Will Of
Peter J. Montague, the BROOKLYN liouOr
merchant, who left an estate valued at
Sl20 COO the bulk of which was he
queaJhed TO Thomas j. Molloy, a former
clerk and emplOye, at so Court street
Brooklyn. There are about forty cor
ties ants. Among these Is Julia Monta-
que, an adopted daughter.
The contestants claim that Montague
made several wills prior TO his death
in 1908 He was a Widower Aftsy bis
death a viii was found dated March nj
1905 II was hled in the surrogate's Of
hce. Then the relatives who had been
cut on began proceedings TO contest the
viii, which gave to the Rev Frederick
Lunde 5000, directed MollOy to nav
some small bequests. and left the re-
mainder OF the estate 10 him WoIlov
for seven years. The case Is stlu in,
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
ARTIST EARLE DENIES
AFFINITY STRUCK HIM
Ferdinand Is, However Sporting Black Eye, Which En-
ploye Says His 'Dee-rie' Gave Him in Little Fam
lily Discussion.

NEW YORK. Nov. n.-FeFdinand Pin
ney Earle, the artist, recently jailed for
chastising his affinity, today denied en-
phaticauy that sunrise effect about
his LEFT eye and a large lump on the
northeast corner OF his Uranium had
heen painted by his wife, using chair
tor a brush.
Charles Dayton, an employe. brought
the glad tidings of Mrs. Es rle's at
tempt "a change her husbands express
sion thusly:
Last Saturday ne was awakened by a
scream. Earle, holding his eye with
one hand and his head with the other.
came upon the scene. Dayton asked
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
BURTON IS SLATED
FOR SENATORoHIP
Admits Being Receptive
Candidate" After Call at
White House.

Representative Theodore T.. Burton.
who said Le was a receptive candid
date for the Senate from Ohio, was
an early caller al the w Aite House
this morning, and while admitting
that he had Senatorial aspirations,
dlsslpated the idea that he was 10 re-
celve Cabinet appointment or that
me Wou-o make race LJf speaker Tor
lAe house OF hepIese eilalFes-
am what you might call recep-
i've can -ioa'e Lof tiS senate sald
NlF' hai l'h- 4oA care 10 Ialh OF
my .ll'-.-,'s' Do' ie7"-u -l-eL- aS De-
ne -- .- o.
.o-' e.L1 l13o1 ---"- uu may
D7 me- '5l' 'aIs o- 7'al1 ID even
'' '-l '1-'- &c
a-,--.7
- -,+t... ,..-r.-----t- .-7,-
sr,or,t Crg5,fr,s+ ,sr---f--+,,-.lfs ,- 80
s,. tar5s~as not gl--s-F,- % I,, ,-.,,Ti.5
.,,,,t T ,,,o,- ,s-- +F-.+ ~, .,,..+ ..-,+f-f-
,,s.rs or,,+I,i,,e- ls rFfg 1-i,,7 GO 49,.
is norrirg 70 the store i, far es T
know. Judge TAFT and / arr. on excel
lent terms. but this does not imply
that I am 10 be rendered a Cabinet
position"
NOT After SDpa kpTghiD
M r,,,-+o, saf7 -r.+ ~. noe NOT
a .s-,Ej5ats f,~ che S1esL.a~sFj-, an
ofrica MIR, which his -ar7s has beaD
-,r1-,1i,,s-t1,, r,s1tI,Ta5 of 1e+e
aI+bo4Iyb F2enrasau+ariz-a F2rlrror was
y,r,-.rv,r,i+fs- as =, fb. r15aretar5i1.,
rb7+ charles p Tsfr d brofbar of rba
Prazfden+-sIar+ was also a candidate
for the senatorship. il is understood
that he regards AIr. TAFT as an aspI~ant
for the position.
This brings M a three-c0ruered 0ues-
-i,, ,,-t,f,,t, -r--T5 h. .,1,-s4 1,, o. rrot,-
- l,>.e.s.,- -. -
aole satisfactory s-i-L- ing OF O'-H .-'ep-
resentative Burton and Charles p lafI
In event Secretary of State Root 81 ould
ha named as Senator from New York.
..Lf.L &C. b.. v, ,,eare e,, fr,D,,l,s tls
"i--1H - a."
event, il Is rumoied LAaI HepIes @A1a-
tive Burton would De taken care OF
10y appointment as Secretary of state,
which y-oilI5 make the chances OF
- ID rT.ft,s ,ov,iDs, +o +bs Sap-
MOI -Cs 49, -. - -,
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
OPINION BEARS OUT
POLICE CONTENTION
Corporation Counsel Holds With
Them on "Sign Obstruction"
Question.

The Police Department Is upheld by
Corporation Counsel T.. II Thomas, in
its contention that warrants should be
issued for persons charged with OBJ
structing the sidewalks with siEns. Ac-
cording to Capt. q. S. Williams, Of the
First precinct, A 3. Duvau, Assistant
Corporation Counsel, recently declined to
dle information against four citizens
charged with failing TO remove signs
on the sidewalks upon the ground that
they could not be considered as an OBJ
sIuct.1n.
Corporation Counsel F. II. Thomas has
ruled. however that whether signs
placed as described are dangerous no
life or limb or distractions TO travel is
question OF fact under the circum-
stances in each case. He IS of the
opinion, therefore, that warrants should
be issued, thus allowing the courts TO
determine whether they are dangerous.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
TAFT TAKES A DAY
OF ABSOLUTE REST
Plays Golf With Eben Draper
and Politics Is
EsCheWed.

HOT SPRINGS, Nov. 1.-THE leading
news item at William II. Tafts temper
airy home is that it rained last night,
the forest fires are out, and the smoke
haze has disappeared
Congressman Theodore Burton. who
was expected this morning, viii not at
rive until tonight. Senator Jonathan
Bourne Of Oregon IS expected today.
but he comes 10 play golf not politics.
Mr.. Taft played this morning with
Ebeu Draper, Of Massachusetts Other
wise the day was We out incident In
Mr.. Tafts view il ives, therefore, an
ideal day, as he got the first real rest
for which he came here.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
MEMORIAL OFFERED
TO DIR. A. R. SPOFFORD

Resolutions in memory Df DR. Aims
worth K. SpOnOTd, late Assistant Ii
braTian of Congress, were adopted at a
meeting of the Columbia Historical So
ciety in the Shoreham Hotel last night
The memorial was offered by ". B.
Bryan. Dr. Spohord was one of the
founders OF the society, and its first vice
president.
A paper on the History and Remin-
iscences of ST. Johns Church" was
read by Judge Alexander B. Hagner.
Justice job Barnard, of the District Su-
preme Court, presided.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11

what he was laughing about, and Earle
IS said ID have said.
My wife smote me"
with what" asked Dayton, the
lawn mower2"
NO, a chair Earle. it is said, re-
spOnded.
Hearing o womans voice, Dayton
beat it.
Nothing of the sort" saiG Earle to-
day. we are perfectly happy, aren't
we, dee-rie2"
we trel" said Mrs. Earle no. p
Pew did you set hurt?' Earle was
asked.
own" me said. And Mrs. Earle s., he
added lovingly.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
ReichStag Member Says
Ruler Must Be Restrained
or War Will Come.
Won BUELOW SITS
THROUGH TURMOIL
Dignity of Nation Demands Muz-
zling of the Emperor, Is State
ment of One Legislator.

BERLIN, Nov. u.-Vith no appreci-
able diminution Of interest, the Reichs-
tag began the second days debate on
EmpOrer William for his recent "in-
discretions."
Prospects of further violent attacks
on the Emporer and chancellor brought
crowd to the packed galleries. None
were disappointed.
Herr Schrader and Herr Haussmann,
representing the national liberals and
united liberals, respectively Herr Camp,
OF the conservatives; Herr Norman. of
the imperiaIist conservatives, and Herr
Zimmerman, of the Agrarians, led to-
days attack on the Emporer.
Unless some such pledge is secured
and then rigidIy adhered TO- declared
Herr Norman, Germany viii become
involved in a war"
'The dignity of the nation, TO say
nothing OF its safety said Herr Nor
mann, demands a check upon the
royal prerogative OF sowing broadcast
opinions that do not reflect German
sentiment
The suppression of the Century Mag
hZ1ut interview after its publication
was advertised was cited as an exam
pie OF the need OF q censorship on
the Kaiser.
Won Buelow Hears 1t.
Chancellor Won BuelOW sat through
the arraigumenL II is believed that
Duly his loyalty To the Emperor in
this trying hour prevents him from
yielding his post.
Just as soon as the atmosphere has
cleared a bit and the people have had
an opportunity for forgetting the af-
fair, Won Buelow's friends say he will
give up his post
1t is conceded that he has made as
good a nght for the Emperor as anyone
could possibly have done. There is d
feeling OF compassion for MIN, rather
than cenSuTe.
A slight swinging of the pendulum
was noticeable today. one day OF such
fearful grilling as he received in the
Teichstag yesterday naturally arOuses
some pity for him.
People Wonder.
Tie spectacle Of his sacred rights
and divine prerogauves" being rudely
assalled in the national assembly amid
the leers and ridicuIe Of lawmakers and
SPECTATORS alike, is so radical that the
EeUple are wondering whether a little
bit of IL Is not enough.
There is au impression that the two
days debate will prove the entering
wedge of constitutiCnaIism ia Germany.
ECnstitutiOualism has been given q tre-
meuduus impetus by these proceedings
ard Jhat no one viii he afraid 10 voice
ms advocacy for this need of the en-
pre- III iIlE Iuiure seems assured.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
Evans Is Heard.
CHICAGO PIONEER DIES.

CHICAGO. Nov. lO.-John z. Dean, a
retired real estate broker and resident
OF Chicago since 1880, died at the Hotel
MetrOpole last evening. after suffering
from pneumonia for nearly four weeks.
Mr., Dean was born in Montrose, Pa,
October T. 1898.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
BOYCOTT TSING no.

Using TAO, Nov. 1.-THE port of
Tsing Tao has been practically boy
cotted by Chinese importers who win
also attempt "a boycott against the rail-
way which has inauguratcG the For
eien-Chnese Transport Company, offer
ing service TO CheloO and Wei Hsien.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
MORGAN'S RECOVERY
NOW SEEMS ASSURED
New York Postmaster's Physicians
Say Assassin's Shot Is
Not Fatal.

NEW YORK, Nov. 1.-THE condition
of Postmaster Morgan, who was shot by
a crank Monday was said by his phy-
siCians this morning TO show improve
ment and that il would be "A great sur
prise if there should be a change for the
worse.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
WEATHER REPORT.

Showers and cooler weather are indi-
gated for the Middle Eastern and
Southeastern States, and in northern
portions OF the Middle Atlantic States,
and in the eastern mountain districts
the precipitation VIII he in the form of
snow.
The winds along the middle Atlantic
coast VIII be light TO fresh easterly,
south Atlantic and east Gulf coasts
light southerly, shifting 10 fresh north
westerly.
pean ports will have Iignt TO fresh east
trly, shifting to westerly and northwest
srly winds and showers to the Grand
Banks
The Following heavy precipitation Gin
nches) has been reported during the
past twcuty-fOur hours: Knoxville. lS6,
Nashville, I64; Memphis, 12S.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
TEMPERATURE.
TIDE TABLE.

Today-Htgh tide. 10.l2 a. m. and 1O.2g
D. m; low tide. 4.22 O. IN. flni 4:33 p. m.
uI3 p ma: low tide, $40 a, N. ana 90
:. N.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
YaIe-Pnnceton Football Gema at Princn

Yale-Prnceton Football Game at Prince
ton, November a. Special through train
via Pennsylvania Railroad leaves Wash
ington Saturday. November Il, at 8 a. M,
arriving prin ,eton 1850 p. m; afIOrdlng
ample time for luncheon before the
game. returning leaves Princeton thirty
minutes after the game, from Middle
station. stopping thirty minutes at Broad
Street Station. Philadelphia. for dinner.
-AdVt
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
FORECAST FOR THE DISTRICT.

For the District of Columbia. Della
ware and Maryland, rain and cooler to-
hight, Thursday clearing and cooler:
winds shifting TO fresh uOrthWesterly.
The Washington times., 1908-11-11
Burton Receptive.

Representative Burton of Ohio was at
the White House earlier in the morning
He didnt want to talk about himself
in connection with the Ohio Senator
ship, the Cabinet, etc, but his friends
learned that he is disposed to consider
the talk OF himself for Secretary OF
state as groundless. while being in the
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1908-03-26
FEAR A COAL STRIKE
Coal Dealers in the Country Fear
That the Supply May Be
Tied Up Again Soon
UNION MINERS ARE ACTIVE

Coal dealers and large consumers are
awaiting anxiously the result of the
present miners convention now in ses-
sion with John Mitchell as leader in
indianapolis. That a strike will occur
the first of next month appears inevi-
table, according to the coal barons.
This fact is realized by the large con-
sumers, in particular the railroads, and
they have prepared themselves accord
ingly. All the railroads have noun
tains of coal stored in and about Chi
cago Even the elevated and electric
lines, which purchase through middle
men rather than directly from the
mines, have laid in generous store.
/ In my mind there is no question,
that the mines in this part of the coun
try will be idle for several weeks after
April ], /" said prominent coal dealer.
81 think it will be quiet strike, pend
ing an agreement between the United
Mine Workers Of America and the OBJ
orators
I 81 Go not anticipate that the strike
will have any particular effect on bus
mess. For some time the mines have
been overproducing. This, in addition
to the fact that we have had an usu-
sually warm winter, has resulted in
placing large amount Of coal on
hand. A strike may cause the retailers
who have not laid in supply to raise
the price, large consumers have been
awake to the situation for the last
three months. -
! The trouble is largely due to friction
between the Mitchell and Lewis fac
lions in the union. Mr.. Mitchell's term
expires on March 81. His successor
is Thomas L. Lewis, who was elected
last January Mitchell called the pres
ent convention in final effort to re.
store the old "interstate plan' Lewis,
whose power is being felt at Indian
apoIis, wants Mitchell to step down
and out before the first of April and
leave matters to him.
For the last two years the miners
and operators have been working IN
der a contract which expires April l.
In the effort to reach an understanding
representatives of the operators and
the union have held four meetings
since last October without being able
to agree on anything.
The operators claim that the union g
demands are too unreasonable to con-
slider Since the present convention
opened in Indianapolis formal invita-
tions have been sent to the operators
associations of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois,
and Pennsylvania to meet representa-
tives OF the union