New-York tribune., 1908-01-01


Hungary wss renewed: q constitutional reVoia-
ton occurred In Austria through the eIectloA OF
n new ReIchsrath by universal SuntaBe' Hhu
Hungary was the scene OF sunrage agIsatloi
and Of grave discomfort In Croatia. RuIhah'a
had a peasants insurrection. and the minor
Balkan states ind1lged in conspirHcies ana muir
ders.
Russia dismissed her second Douma in as
grace, and abrogated the constitution 50 as to
elect a third Douma 20 the liking OF the ou-
reaucracy, incidentally sending scores OF mem
bers OF the first and second DOumas into penal
servftude. Both the Black Terror against jews
and the Red Terror against the bureaucracy
were tragically active, famine and pesttence
were widespread. and number or the unIor'"'
nate commanders I'm the japanese war were
court martaled for their defeats. In the GrahH
Duchy OF Finland numerous women Deputies
were seated in Parliament, and the most strih-
gent prohibition law on record was adopted.
The year in Italy was marked by strong anti
Vatican movement in municipal elections, by
PapaI procIamations against modernism" ami
by an effort to rehabitatc the state railroad
system-perhaps the worst In the world
through the introduction Of electrical traction
Spain rej0iced in the birth OF an heir TO the
throne, and suffered a return OF an ultra-r
tOnary conservative government 20 power. Pnr
tugal was in the grip of dictatorship. Belgium
came face to face with the project OF annexihS
the Congo State. with elaborate provisos for
the protection Of the royal personal interests In
TINT country. Denmark enlarged ICelandic au-
tonomy. Norway moved for woman suffrage.
and Sweden established universal suffrage and
proportional representation.
Japan paid great honors to the triumphant
veterans Of her war with Russia. restricted her
emigration so Rs to aliay complaints and appre.
tensions in America and Canada. and prac-
ticalIy compelled the abdication of the puppet
Emperor of COrea China took great strides
forward in the transformation Of her social
and educational systems. the practical granting
Of a constitution with representative govern
ment. the taking back of various import CON
cessiOns which had been granted to aliens. and
a vigorous prosecution of the anti-opum cam
paign Persia retoiced in the granting OF a
liberal constitution and the signal defeat of
reactionary attempt to re-estahlish autoCracy-
AbySsinis also received from her Emperor the
grant OF a constitution. Morocco lapsed Into
political chaos, from which French and Span
ish Intervention under the Algeciras treaty Is
slowly redeeming her Liberia secured some
rectihcation of her boundaries. The war in
German Southwest Africa was practically
ended, and an attempted revolt in Zuuand was
suppressed.
Mexico continued her career Of marvellous
progress and prosperity Central America was
the scene of petty war between Honduras and
Nicaragua which was ended through the good
offices OF the United States; and then. on the
initiative Of the United States and Mexico. all
FIVE states joined in treaties which practically
reconstitute a federal union. Chill and Peru
made progress toward the re-esta blishment or
normal relations; Venezuela paid some Of her
foreign debts, and Colombia. under the wise
direction of President Reyes. sought amicable
ralo xrith Do roha hill
tation of herself in international affairs.
Geographical exploration was actively prose
cuted. Peary and Wellman postponed their Arc
tic ventures, but Cook went to the north, Stein,
Sven Hedn D'OIlone and others were busy in
Asia and Alexander and Armand in Africa. ami
the work Of Antarctic exploration was main
tanned. Other incidents OF the year were the
great earthquake at Kingston. Jamaica: the
breaking Of all ocean records by the British
steamships Lusltana and Mauretania. the be-
ginning Of practical and regular wireless telcg
raphy across the Atlantic, and some interesting
developments in aerial navigation.
The years neurology in foreign lands included
many distinguished and we'll known names in
various walks of life: Oscar, King Of Sweden;
Muzafrer- ed Din. Shah of Persia; Frederick
Grand Duke of Baden; the Queen Dowager Of
SaxOny: Princess Clementine. daughter Of
Louis Philippe: Robert. eX-Duke of Parma
Mary, lucneSS or cumberland ana eX-aSueen OF
Hanover; J. p. Casmr- Pericr. ex- President OF
the French Republic: Petkoff. Prime Minister of
Bulgaria. Amnes-Sultan. Prime Minister OF
Persia Alikhanoff the Russian conqueror and
butcher; Sarafof. the Bulgarian briEand--
these last four all by assassination; Pobiedo-
nOstsetf the evil genius of Russia; Count LamS
dorff, Lord GOSchpn, Baron De Staal, MusuruS
Pasha. Baron Thring. Lord Brampton. Clovis
Hughes Karl Blind. Sir John Strachey. Sir Arch
ibald Alison Sir F. L. McClintOck, Luis $. Penn,
Rartoome MasO Carlos ROloff, Lord Kelvin,
Sir W. H. Perkin, T. +. NJ. BerthPlOt, Dmitri
Mendelecf Henri Moissan. p J. c. Jansen,
Sir Benjamin Baker, Sir +. ]. Reed, Alexander
S Hcrschel. Ernest Won Bergmann, William 7.
Gardner Josef Joachim, Edward II. Griec,
Sophie Cruvelli. Sir August Manns, Maurice
Grau Theodore Chartran, Mary COleridge. r. i.
SulIy -PrudhOmme. John Watson, Andre Theu-
riet j. X Huysmans W. II. DrummOnd, Joseph
Knight H. II. Malot Ernest Kuno Fischer, G.
Car(lucc., Sir Lewis Morris. David Christie Muir
raw, Henry s. Olcott Sir William Howard Rus
sell, Gerald Massey. David Mason.
Tho old wear seemed to take q brace at