La Junta tribune., 1908-10-03
Hsv Depositors Are Secured
Agaiast Loss Of Funds.
A Careful Student Of Finance Writes
About Banking Methods
and Principles.
(From the Chicago Newa.y

quasi-public business and therefore
that the State should have charge over
the banks In the interests Of the people.
Grant this: hut that is no reason for
forcing one bank to guarantee the de-
positors In another bank.
How In II with railways? The State
controls the railways, and even claims
the right TO fix the rates charged. So
with banks: the State exacts reports.
governs Investments. and even estab-
fishes usury laws. which fix the maxi
mum rates OF interest. But 1t would
never occur to n reasonable man to
oblige one railway to pay damages to
traveller who met an injury due to care
lessness on another railway under
wholly different management. But that
Is exactly what the guaranty Of bank
managed. careful. small country bank
shall be called on to help pay the losses
of depositors In a large speculative
Wall street bank. and yet the former
has no control whatever over the latter.
The recent panic scared some depos-
itors. and they wish absolute safety In
the future. That is what Is wanted,
even though they do not altogether
know whether guaranty OF deposits Is
the right thing or not. Very well; II
a depositor wishes absolute security he
can find it by depositing in safety
vault.
oh" says the depositor. II want
t,t
the right to draw checks, and yet get
absolute security. too" In short, he
wishes the privileges granted by COM
mercial bank.
That is, the bank gives in return for
the deposits: "a A checking account
by which he can make payments with
out risk of carrying money about; (2)
usually interest on average deposits; !;
(3) the collection OF checks and drafts
on distant cities; "a bookkeeping Of
the account without expense, and 90
the chance to borrow from the bank
where the deposits are made. In other
words, the public has chosen against
absolute safety in a deposit vault in or
der to get the conveniences given by
commercial bank. If so. the public can
never have absolute safety. and no law
can give It
BY the very fact of being CONNER
cial bank. an institution must loan its
deposits to men In industry and trade,
and take the risks implied In that pro-
cess. The deposits are as safe as the
leans to the business public-no more,
no less.
II the timid depositor wishes to get
at the center of the whole question of
the safety OF his deposits in CONNER
cial bank, let him concentrate all his
criticism, argument and time on the
means Of inspecting bank loans and of
preventing doubtful or speculative op-
eratlons by banks.
Yet, when small depositors see the
national and State governments exact
bonds as security for deposits they
wonder why they should not have equal
protection.
There are two reasons why public
and private deposits should have differ
ent treatment: First, public deposits
are more valuable to bank, because
they are called upon usually at regular
End foreseen dates and thus n larger
percentage can be loaned during the in
tervals than Is the case with private
deposits subject to daily checking. In
addition, 1t should be remembered that
public moneys are deposited by officials
who are under bond to account for ev-
cry cent turned over to them. There
Is thus special reason for requiring
bonds as security for public deposits.
II every private and public depositor
exacted bonds as protection all the de-
posits would have to be Invested in
bonds, there could be no commercial
banks, industry could get no use of
idle funds and the reason for a bank
would disappear.
"very WELL" it may be rejoIned, "If
security in bonds Is impracticable-as
rrged by some persons-then give us a
guaranty fund of certain small per-
centage OF deposits, say per cent. such
as is required in Oklahoma. That will
be enough"
To that 1t is to be said unequivocally
and emphatically that the national
banks now provide a large guaranty
fund for depositors. which must be
wholly used up before a depositor can
lose a cent. Indeed. the whole proposal
of a guaranty of deposits shows as
founding ignorance of our banking sys-
tenn and banking operations.