davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
PARIS THEATERs
Manners and Customs That Strike an
American as Peculiar.

american as PECULIAR,
1t is not the play or the acting or. the
applause that attracts and holds the
attention OF the American who is at
tending for the first time a Partisan
opening. 1t is the audience. In the
first place, the performance of men
In the best orchestra seats will provoke
a question which brings forth the in
formation that in the majority of the
better class theaters in Paris the first
three rows of the orchestra are sold
almost exclusively to men. and, as far
rs it is possible, the box Haice favors
men for the body of the house, princi
pally because they do not wear hats
and do not therefore obstruct the view
of those sitting behind. Before the
curtain goes up the stranger glances
els and gowns decollete in the highest
balconies. the part of the theater
known in America as peanut heav-
en-" Both men and women, dressed
as for a grand. ball, are perched away
I'D at least three fights of stairs, and
during entr'actes they come down and
promenade with the others and visit
their friends, and few are the wiser
as to the location of their seats. The
very fact of being present at an I'M
portant opening is enough to give
certain social precedence, even though
they sat on the rafters or chung to the
chandeliers.
Another feature which attracts the
American Is that during the entr'actes
the men who do not join the prom
enade stand up and don their hats the
moment the curtain is down. and they
spend the entire twenty or twenty-five
minutes inspecting their neighbors
through opera glasses. There Is much
activity in the balconies and In the
boxes. caused by the social calls which
are being exchanged. In the orchestra
rows and family circles the men and
the women stand up, and opera glasses
are used freely by both, and many lit
tie flirtations are enjoyed between
those in the balconies, or loges, and
those on the first floor.
1t is not considered rude to level
glasses at any one, whether within a
few feet or up in the balcony, but it Is
rather considered a compliment to the
| face or more often the shoulder that
attracts such close Inspections 1t is
true that the French are famed fol-
their polished manner. but it is equally
true that in the eyes of an American
the toughest cowboy possesses a bet.
ter appreciation of refinement than the
dapperest member of the French no.
bility, and especially is this noticeable
In a theater.-Harriet Quimby IN Les
ue's Weekly.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Hippophaqy.

Hippophagy being in low water in
these later days. somebody has set
himself to show what an exceedingly
respectable history attaches to the
practice. Among the ancients, especial
ly in China. eating horse1esh was
general, and it was only killed in Eu-
rope by papal decree of Gregory ILL.,,
though why horsehesh should have
been interdicted does not appear. 1t
was only the famine caused by Napo-
Icons invasion that revived the prac-
tice in Germany. where it has survived
ever since.-London Globe.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
..,e.ous Il satu..s,,.

.-aesoUs E@setu-fon-
a few years ago Here went 10 oc"
f HE uor;lwe r.I ss,J,es BoS:.'l
newspaper man whose mission il Was
u. write up lynching in that quarter,
although there had not been an illegN
execution in the state for Il long time.
The natives took the questions of the
eastern scribe in good part and even
"jollied' him into believing that for
downright lawlessness the community
wherein he was sojournlng was about
the most conspicuous portion OF the
United States.
Don't you ever make mistake in
these lynchings?' guielesslyeasled the
Bostonian That is, don't y1n ever
lynch the wrong man."
"That happened once" put in some
one. but we tried to do the square
thing by the widow"
Indeed"
Yes; we appointed committee TO
inform her that the joke was on us,
and we gave her the choice of the
crowd for her second husband."-Lip
pincott's.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Success With Berkshires.

To do the best in the feed lot the
Berkshire must not be confined to any
diet or feed. He must have variety.
Some owners place hogs on corn for
several months. and if the hog dies the
owner thinks luck lis against him.
think that it is fortunate that corn
diet is now a thing of the past with
all up to date breeders.
try to get the young pigs on sepa-
rated milk and slops of the house as
soon as possible While great many
may talk against cooked feed. have
never regretted feeding it. 1t seems to
keep the system in order and wards
off constipation You can easily sprin-
kle it over corn. | have a fifty bushel
cooker in which cook the corn. |
soak with ashes and water to assist
in the process. 1t is lots of trouble to
feed, and if you feed too much it lies
in the troughs and freezes.
l like to get pigs on alfalfa as soon
as possible That is one of the main
feeds use in the hog business. also
like to get them on new corn unless
am feeding old corn especially pre-
pared so they can digest it. My first
load sent to the last stock show con-
tinued Oh alfalfa until they were ship
ped The second load were fed the
same way except they had no cooked
corn. but dill have pumpkins. My
/ swine are sailed and have charcoal.
think tanka@e is great addition to
the list of feeds. In cold weather it
is necessary to have dry beds. feed
early at night and late in the morning
and feed regularly and not more than
twice day. l divide my brood sows.
The little pigs are fed twice a day I'M
less l slop them at monterey G.
| Stone
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
The Second Crop Potato.

The second crop potato has come to
stay. The yield from such is not ma.
terially greater. but the vine is more
vigorous, resists insects better, ma.
lures earlier and there are very few
culls, says southern writer in Coun-
try Gentleman. In the same cellar the
sprouting of the spring and fall plant
ing of the same kind varies six weeks
at least, and all potatoes intended for
late use are for this reason fall grown
Another advantage is the fact that
when large second crop potato is
planted it is not prone to spring more
than two eyes, and to find three stalk
stool even in careless planting is an
effort. This is the reason there are so
very few culls. The northern potato
natures about with our second crop.
1t has won general acceptance in the
south, and theoretically it ought to be
as good. 1t has been tried by hundreds
Of planters side by side, but the con
sensus of opinion is that in every I'M
partial trial the native seed is superior
The second crop seed is not disposed
to run out. The writer still continues
lineally the same stock he first pur
chased. nearly or quite twenty years
ago, and the last planting is as vigor
GUS and healthy as the first.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31

According TO report of the secretary
Of agriculture. the tobacco crop this
year declined to 645,213.000 pounds. II
per cent below the average in quanti-
ty, with a value Of $67000.000. or 6
per cent above the average The crop
is smaller than fer many years.
A leaf approaching Sumatra tobacco
in texture has been produced in the
Connecticut valley. In Florida wrap
per leaf has been produced which is
taking foremost rank as real COM
petitor with Sumatra leaf. Hundreds
Of acres of iand in Texas and Alabama
are now producing the finest filler leaf
Of the Cuban type. and methods of fer
mentation and handling tobacco in
Ohio have been revolutiOnized.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
SILVER. KING OF THE SEA.
The Feats That Tarpon Will Per-
form When Hooked.

FORM Wnen r1ookeOs
If you have never seen tarpon i'm
agine the Mediterranean sardine that
you take from the box for lunch
heightened out to six or seven feet.
Give it two enormous staring black
eyes. superciious lip of the most
grotesque shape coming down and
twisting up again. mouth that can
be thrown so wide open that thirty
feet distant when the fish is in the air
you can see blue sky down its throat
and out through the arched gills. Give
the fish !: greenish back and long
spine al the dorSal. powerful sardine-
like tail and equip its belly and sides
with scales which look more like new
ly minted trade dollars than anything
else. dollars often twice their natural
size. into which the purest molten sill
yer has been dropped. scales that fash
thousands of rays in every direction.
scales that CLEAN. corruscate and in
the full glare of the sun form so many
sunbursts to dazzle the eye and con-
fuse the excited angler
have taken the "sabalo' under va
rious circumstances and have seen it
leap along the outer Florida reef and
down by the Rio Grande. where it
forms in gigantic schools and moves
south in winter. and everywhere it is
the same sensational equiibrist. the
same air climber and sky scraper when
hooked or shared. What the sensations
of the tarpon are when hooked it
would he difficult to say but | fancy
1t is frightened and leaps in the direc
ton away from the pain center. and
no two leaps are alike.
1t may go directly up into the air,
carrying big wave with it. and lash
the air. or 1t may go out of the water
head FIRST. rising like ray of light ten
or fifteen or more feet. then fall
gracefully. Every possible position |
have seen the frightened tarpon take,
from standing on its tail as upright as
a soldier to exactly the opposite direc-
ton. and an old angler informed me
that he had seen a tarpon maze a
lateral leap of thirty feet.-Charles F..
Holden in Recreation
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
GROWING Rutsoao as.


Rutabagas are grown as main cror
for winter use. ana their culture e
similar to that of the fiat turnip. They
require a good. rich. moist soil and
must be grown quickly. Seed may be
sown any time from Tune 10 to July
10 In drills one inch deep and eighteen
inches apart, Moderately thick. Thin
to six inches apart. Stir the soil al
least once a week TO kill weeds and
conserve moistwr2 They are a ricl
succulent vegetable heavy yiellei
and an excelloni re;abe for winter
use. They may d, subjected to few
heavy frosts. but should be harvested
before heavy freezing, weather sets in
They may be stored in any ordinary
cellar, provided they are well covered
with moist, rot wet. sanlsor soil. The
best varieties are Family Rutabaga
snd Champion or Swede. Garden Mag
azine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
A SHIFT IN D4IRYING.
The Milking storthorn Pushing to the
Front.

The Milking storthorn Pushing to the
Front.
In the readjustment of the dairy in
dustry that has been forced to some
extent by the prevailing high prices Of
foodstUffs it e ms hat farmers will
be wise TO consider not only milk pro-
duction, but such bynroducts as calves
and steers. A great deal has been said
to the disadvan age of the dual pur-
pose COW. bat circumstances alter
cases Shorthorns have been bred in
this country mai@ly for beef produc-
ton, but their dairy value is one of
considerable dis melton Indeed. in
the old days. before special purpose
cattle had gained their present vogue.
the Shorthorn was quite as pre-emi-
nent at the pail as at the block. Thus
the Jonas Whit; ker 1ws were celc.
brated throughout England for their
great udders and heavy mix flow, a d
Bates laid as much stre-S on the but.
ter records as on the beef qualities Of
his animals. while the Fawsley Fill.
pals carried in their names the sug
gestion of well won reputation.
When they were first br ught over
here they were recommended quite as
much for mix as 70, beef production.
OF course the milking habit may he
easily discouraged. and of late years
in the west this has occurred almo
universally, but at the Worlds fair in
Chicago, where they came in competi-
ton with the distinctively dairy
breeds, the result was anything hut
di appointing While they were win
ming in the beef contests a majority
of the prizes over al br eds combined
their champion mi k produ err Nora,
In ninety days made 3,679.S pounds
against the Jersey Brown Bassie's
1904 and the Guernsey Materna's
1872. Again, in tests two, three and
four the three best Shorthorns, one in
each class, including the two-year-old
heifer, gave 5.S61 pounds. while Jcr
sevs of the same description gave
$3.50. shoN ing in favor of the Short
horns 531 pounds.
In dairying quality rather than
quantity is what is wanted. Here
again the Shorthorns have made an
excellent showing. In the test of TIL
Columbia Dairy school for large sup
ply of milk of the hest flavor Sh t
horns led the other two breeds (Guern-
seys and jerseys and were good dairy
| cows il every sense of the word.
Today there is an ever increasing
demand for baby beef and fine native
sides Why should we of New York
and New England let the west reap
all this profit? In central New York
there are a few enterprising farmers
who export Shorthorn steers to Liver
pool every year and make about $50
| profit on each beast.
The foregoing are the views of an
eastern farmer expressed in Country
Gentleman. In the same paper occurs
the cut of the very handsome Short
horn bull of milking strain, General
Clay, son of Duke Buttercup and Ma
ME Clay H. ana a member of the web
known Glenside herd at Granville Cen
ter. Pa. His dam. with her first four
calves. gave 47,442.9 pounds of milk,
an average of 11,S60 pounds for each
| milking neriOd
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Earlv Refrineratinn.

The Most ancient method of making
ice is practced in parts of India
Holes are made in the ground, dry
straw is put Mt the bottom of these,
and on it at the close of the day are
placed pans of water which are left
until the next morning. when the ice
that is found within the pans is COLI
lected. This industry is carried on
only in districts where the ground is
dry and will readily absorb the vapor
given off from the water in the pans.
The freezing, of course. is due to the
great amount of heat absorbed by the
vapor in passing from its liquid to its
gaseous form.
Another process was practiced in the
day of ancient Rome. when the wealthy
are said to have had their wines cool
ed by having the bottles placed in wa
ter into which saltpeter was thrown
the bottles being the while rotated.
DR.. Cullen in 1865 discovered that
the evaporation Of water could be fla
cllitated by the removal of the pres
sure of the atmosphere and that by
doing this water could be frozen.
Nairn in iii discovered that sulphur
&c acid would absorb the vapor of wa
ter If placed In a second vessel sep
arate from that containing the water
but connected with it. This discovery
be put to use in 1910 by constructing
an apparatus for absorbing the vapor
of the water that it was desired to cool
or freeze. This apparatus greatly fa-
cilitated the freezing operations of a
vacuum freezing machine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Exolndinn Rats From Ruiy

Excluding Rats From Buildings.
The best way of excluding rats from
buildings. whether in the city or coun,
try, is by the use of cement in con
struction AS the advantages of this
material are coming to be generally
understood its use is rapidly extend
ing to all kinds of building Dwellings,
diaries. barns. stables. chicken houses.
icehouses, bridges. dams. silos. tanks,
csterns, root cellars. hotbeds. side
walks and curbs are now often made
wholly of concrete. In constructing
dwelling houses the additional cost of
making the foundations rat proof is
slight as compared with the advan-
tages. The cellar walls should have
concrete footings and the walls them
selves be laid in cement mortar. The
cellar floor should be of medium"
rather than lean" concrete, and all
water and drain pipes should be sur
rounded with concrete. Even an old
cellar may be made rat proof at COM
paratively small expense. Rat holes
may be permanently closed by mix
ture of cement. sand and broken glass
or sharp bits of stone David E. Iantz.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
SAVED BY CLEAN HANDS.
Thrilling incident Of the Days of the
Paris Commune.


Paris Commune.
Frederic yilliers' peaceful Person
alities aud Warriors Bold" contains a
striking ana somewhat bloody tale of
the terrible days of the Paris COM
mune. An unnamed Englishmap tells
the story of himself and Archibald
Forbes, the great war correspondent:
''There was a good deal of fighting in
the streets at the time, for the Yer
sailles troops were pressing hard upon
the communists. One afternoon, in a
street not FAR from where we were sit
ting, | was rounded up by a party Of
rebels and made to work erecting a
barricade, when | found another Eng
lishman pressed for .he same business.
1t was Forbes, the war correspondent
We chummed together ut our distaste-
full work. which we We're compelled 10
Co or risk being shot for spies.
! "Preseutly tine barricade was attack
ed by the VerSail!e,s's. and the cC4a
munsts, after Sharp fight, We're driv-
en- heller oGeter down the street.
Forbes and l. ran with them. Presently
he shouted. Dive into that wineshop On
the leftr Immediately did so, and
Forbes, catching hold of me, pushed
NE through shop TO back yard,
where we found pump. Now said
he. wash your hands quickly and let
me have turn After our ablutions
he hurried me back into the street.
That simple incident of washing my
hands saved my life, and l always re-
member 1t with gratitude.
I'VE had hardly gained the street be
fore we were roughly arrested by tn
victorious troops, who would not liste'
10 any explanation. and We're hurried
along with many other prisoners till
we came to blank wall. where a halt
was made About dozehsof us were
made to stand in line with our backs
to the wall Hands upp cried the of.
ficer in charge.
The poor devils who had soiled
hands were tod to remain. Forbes and
/ We're the only men who were allowed
to fall out. for our hands showed &C
sign of barlcade WOO or soil of pow.
der upon them. Before we realized
what had happened the rest were rid.
died with bullets. 1t was a ghastly
sight"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Needless ceremonN

Peter had been hastily ;idden to
Bobby Hunts party, and his mother
was rounding him up" in front of the
washstand.
"Oh, mother he said, do have tt
have whole bathT
"Certainly."
Peter mumbled something, and his
mother asked him what it was.
II said were you sure it wasn't just
your idea," replied Peter. I'm certain
l heard Bobby's mother tell you over
the telephone that the party was very
informal" Youths Companion.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Resnect at LAST.

"Briefeigh is. think. one of the
greatest lawyers In this state"
"Why. heare you say once that you
didn't consiIes him any good"
ooh, tina, was years ago. He USED
to give me pointers on legal matters
without charging me anything because
we happened to have Offices adjoining
each other. Recently he has been
charging me stiff price every time
l have gone to him for advice. Chi
rago Record HeraM
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
He Knew Them.

Once at an important function a
Marlborough House Sir Francis Knos
lys came up to the Prince of Wales
and remarked. "Some gentlemen of the
press wish admission, your royal high
ness"
"Oh," said the prince, show them
In. If they don't come in at the door
they'll come in at the ventilator."
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31

In mountain climbing the world over
the climber usually arrives fresh and
unfatigued at the base of the peak he
wishes to storm and, as rule, begins
his ascent ut a high altitude. On Mount
Mckinley, rs described by a writer in
Outing, it is the opposite. There are
twenty-five miles of rugged foothills
and glaciers to be crossed-with heavy
packs-before the base Of the mountain
Is reached, and then the climber is con.
fronted by $4,000 feet of rock and ice.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
SQUIRREL WAYS.
The Little Animals Are Great Actors
on a Rail Fence.

on RaIl renee.
1t is the furry gray squirrel that
love to watch as he makes his way
along the fence, says writer in For
est and Stream. He is fond of sitting
on the top rail and surveying his little
world, but if anything disturbs him 1t
is worth a long tramp to watch him
as he ZigZags back and forth, follow
ing the riders toward his home tree.
If not suspicious, however, the gray
skips along from rail to rail- turning
back now and then to jump down and
examine something on lower rails or
on the ground. Often it is nut that
he thinks he buried in certain clump
of grass in fence corner Frequently
he is mistaken in the exact place, but
he finds it farther on and comes back
to the rider to eat it. Watch him close
ly when he finally sees you blocking
his way.
He looks at you with his head turned
sideways, and you wonder that he
shows no surprise and cannot make out
whether he knew you were there all
the time or is only blufing. Now he
turns back and traverses a few rails,
gets down on the next one and makes
a pretense of searching for something
there, comes back to the rider again
and feigns perfect composure, slips
down to the ground while, as he seems
to think, you have been thrown or
your guard and then makes his way,
now slowly. now like streak, to the
shelter of the woods, just as though
sou did not sabe squirrel ways.
Light Work.
want job. Rastus?"
"No, sab; no, sab. Done got job,
sah."
Indeed! What are you doing?"
"Takin' in washin' foah ma wife to
do, sab. "-Lippincott's.
Grieving for the lost opportunity Is
the very worst way to find new ones.-
Baltimore American.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
True.

1T isn't true. is it." asked Rollo as
ne finished reading 1.-THE Pied Piper OF
hamelin'-"it isn't true that he could
play on his pipe so that the rats would
go on and drown themselvesy
Wen" replied RoIlos father. 81
oon I know about that. think 1t may
De true. Your Uncle George can play
.ne mute so that 1t will scare COW
INTO river and drive all the dogs In
the neighborhood crazy. Yes. sbouId
say the poem is true."-London An.
swers.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Concerning Soil Moisture.

So far as cultivation is concerned,
there are three principal steps in the
conservation of soil moisture:
The soil must be loosened to a con.
siderable depth in order to prepare q
reservoir to receive the rain and carry
the water downward into the soil. This
may be accomplished by deep blowing,
by listing or by disking unplowed lands.
The water which is carried down into
the subsoil must be brought back again
into the surface soil, where the seed Is
terminating and the young roots ara
growing, and to accomplish this a good
connection must be made between the
furrow slice and the subsoil, and this
Is the purpose of the use of the subsur-
face packer Immediately after blowing
Finally, in order that the water which
is drawn up again toward the surface
may not reach the air and be wasted
by evaporation. the upper two or three
inches of the soil must be kept mellow
in the form of soil mulch, and this is ac.
complished in the growing of crops by
frequent cultivation, which is not so
practicable with wheat as with corn
and similar crops. However, the har.
row may often be successfully used in
preserving tne soil mulch In the wheat.
field.-A. NJ. Teueyck il Kansas Farm
err
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
Wanted Help to Be Thankful.

The minister's children were out III
.ne held one day. while visiting on a
arm, when suddenly a ram came to
"afu them all ready to "butt in" Lit.
$50 s ar.nur, aged five, said to Dorothy
rrera.u mrse' roh, Dorothy, say your
har h. sa,u' ! can't think Of any," SO
tha+ ~ Told her to say any one
ram s we. ne card their father say. The
rum fr,ns. was ,',' getting closer. and IN her
think Of. ny one sne couid
what r xs ~ help , Us to u thankfuls for
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-01-31
DRAWING Ont Manure.

There are !ot of men who use t'va
wheeled dump cares instead of manure
spreadels. They GraN the manure on
daily and do not haze enough for y
spreader Loaf Til IS especially true
in the east. where the farms are small
says Kimball's Larry Farmer The
cart is water fight and saves I'll the
liquid manure. If thcy used spread
.er much OF the lieuil would drain or
before L cOnld be spread.