davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14
- FAIFHoQR dAKpEkIN FoR =zIIA IEURs - -
SWEET PEAS EARLY
LOVE COLD, MOIST EARTH SOON
AS FROST LEAVES.

T HE first seeds to go into the ground
in the ordinary garden are sweet
peas. They love cold, moist earth
and you may put them in without fear
just as soon as the frost is out of the
ground. There is no need to be nervous
about anything that may happen after
ward. When the ground is ready to work
in go the sweet peas There is more dan
ger of being too late than too early.
Plant them in trenches. Make these
trenches four to six inches deep, but
cover the seeds with only about two
and as they come I'D thin down to about
seven or eight inches apart. AS they
grow ridge the earth up around them till
they stand on ridges more than an inch
above the surrounding ground
To prepare good ground for sweet peas
the trenches should first be dug out at
least a foot deep. and at the very bot
tom some fine extremely old manure or
fertilizer must be we'll stamped down.
Then put back the removed SOIL working
it till it is thoroughly pulverized ard fine.
AS soon as the seed is planted you must
prepare wire netting or some other form
of trellis. The sweet pea will not do well
unless it is able to Irvine around some
thing at once and to climb upward
without check.
Be sure to press the soil down firmly
over the seeds. Tread on it to make 1t
perfectly tight. This as matter OF
fact, is necessary for almost all seeds.
Many amateurs make the mistake OF
imagining that seeds can't come up I'M
less the earth is very loose over them.
The truth is just the reverse. But this
does not mean that there should be any
clods. The soil must be fine and then
packed firmly.
AS soon as the plants begin to climb
the soil around them must be cultivated
carefully. A little litter of leaves, lawn
clippings or similar matter laid around
the plants will help to keep the ground
moist, which is very important with these
vines. Sweet peas cannot have too much
water during the summer. Be careful,
however, to turn 1t on the soil and not
on the leaves or stems.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14
UNDER DIRECTION OF POWDERLX CROWS INTERESTING

seen and under the direction of T. v.
Powderly. man thoroughly acquainted
with sociological conditions, foundations
are being laid for widespread and effective
established at New York and affiliated
branches will soon be opened at Chicago
and Boston.
Authoritative knowledge.
In order that the division of informa-
ton might have an intelligent knowledge
Of the opportunities and demands for labor
and settlers series Of four information
blanks has been printed and sent out
over the various states. The first blank
is an inquiry relative to conditions in gen
eral such as churches, school facilities.
the predominating foreign nationalities
and climate The second blank seeks
information for the foreigner who desires
to purchase or rent farms. The third
blank is In the interest of the alien farm
laborer and ascertains the nature of
duties, hours of labor, nationalitieS pre-
ferred, wages and if married or single
men are preferred. The fourth blank is
very similar to the one just mentioned
and differs in that it desires specific con-
ditions as to the field for trades or labor
ers.
These inquiries have been sent to the
governors of states. boards of trade all
over the land, to all employers of labor,
eQltOTS Oh anu
As, 600 were sent to the country and twon-
ship correspondents alone.
Through these instrumentalities vast
amount of valuable and accurate data
has been secured and carefully indexed
at the New York Office. The immigrant
upon landing or even the American citi-
zen if he so desires, is thus given thor
Oughly reliable Information concerning
conditions in all localities of the United
States and is put in touch with the pre-
else opportunities which these localities
afford If the alien desires to take ad-
vantage of this assistance and proceed
to sections where he is needed and can
be assimila tied, instead OF eking out'a mis-
era BILE existence in the Slums of our over
crowded cities. he is at once put in touch
with his prospective employer or the au-
thorities OF the community wherein he
is to settle In most instances his trans
portation Is advanced by these parties and
his baggage check is mailed to them by
the division of information" as security.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14

When it is realized how much space
there is in this country crying out
for settlers and cultivators, where the
condition of aliens would be UNNECESSARILY
better than their present abode, the i'm
portance Of this new department of our
government cannot be overestimated
Send Men Where Needed.
Already in the course of it's short ex-
istence hundreds of immigrants have
been satisfactorily located on farms in
sparsely settled districts. The number SO
established will undoubtedly draw others
In rapidly increasing numbers, and In the
course of time, even If the tide of our
present immigration should subside, this
gradual distribution will exert its mag
netic force on the OvercroWded colonies
of our large cities.
Mr. Powderly was formerly United
States commissioner general of immigra-
ton and is thoroughly conversant with
the foreigner and his invasion of Amer
ica He is warm advocate of immigra-
ton and believes that the great army OF
industrial workers of foreign birth and
parentage is the secret of Americas mar
Vicious advance.
The projection of railroads, great manu-
featuring plants and vast enterprises,
public and private, has been largely the
product of American genius: but the ex-
ecution of these colossal enterprises has
been and continues to be the direct result
of foreign Drawn and energy. The for
eigner today in America composes more
than half of the lo'Uo.ooo wage earners
essential to the activities of modern life,
and without him the wheels would move
very slowly.
Moreover, the distinctly native element
in the United States is either stationary
or decreasing, except in the southern
states; and even in the south the percent
age has diminished from 2S.3 per cent in
1880 to 1875 per cent in 1900.
In the thirty large cities of the United
States persons of native born parentage
formed but 33 per cent of the total popu-
Iation in 1900. Without the foreigner
New York would fall from it's ranking
position to less than 100000 inha bitants;
Philadelphia would shrink to half her
size: Boston would decline to 10000 and
Milwaukee would shrivel up to $4,000, or
a little more than one-sixth of her total
population.
The important phase of our recent i'm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14

escorted Mr. Powderly through this dan.
gerous section by relays of companions
and only considered it a favor due to q
stranger in their midst.
Recently in Scranton, Pa, a prominent
railroad superintendent was called away
from the city and left his country home
in charge of his servants. The next night
a report came out in the papers that an
attempt at robbery had been made upon
this property and the police authorities
became watchful For several nights they
noted four suspicious looking men keenly
watching the house of the superintendent.
They Immediately attempted to solve the
mysterious characters, and to their
amazement learned from the servants
in the house that these were four
Italian laborers. who, having worked all
day on the railroad were depriving them
selves of sleep and rest that their en-
ployer's property might be safe.
These incidents certainly pace the Ital-
ian in a different light from that in
which he is viewed by the average Ameri-
can.
In regard to the Black Hand crime in
this country Mr.. Powderly said: There
are very few people who are acquainted
with the origin of such a custom. Its
original mission was an honorable one:
for against one who had wronged a wom-
an was raised the black hand of ostra-
cism until he rights the wrong. OF course
it has degenerated in this country
The division of information believes that
from the time the immigrant lands at Ell
lis Island he is handicapped by not know
ing our language, and in addition has
to battle against unwarranted and hos
tile prejudice. He comes here from the
small towns, villages. hamlets and even
the farms of southern Europe and does
not seek the slums voluntarily. but 1t Is
the only congenial place he finds. Give
him a house and lot and fair chance,
and anarchy and discomfort are not only
stifled. but the country is blessed with
creditable citizens
In endeavorng to secure a remedy for
the congestion of the foreign elements in
our large cities the division of information
is undoubtedly working at the very core
of the immigration problem. In the be-
ginning the strongest Americanizing force
was frontier life. Under its influence i'm
migrants were transformed rapidly and
silently, and not until recently has there
been such a problem as making Ameri-
cans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14

migration relates to the constituent ma
tionalities. During the time that the peo-
pie of northern Europe formed the bulk
of immigration there was a general feeling
that these aliens were advantageous.
Readily assimilated into our population,
they quickly adopted our customs and
sentiments and devoted their energies to
the establishment of homes.
Loyalty of Southerners.
In recent years the source of immigra-
ton has changed, and of the million that
flooded our shores last year one-fourth
came from Italy, one-fourth came from
Austria Hungary, another fourth came
from Russia and the remaining portion
came from Germany. Scandinavia and
the British Isles. The question arises. Is
this foreign population growing more
In behalf of the division of informa-
ton Mr.. Powderly went ahead with a
view of learning why the foreigner was
coming to America and the true charac-
ter and qualities Of these immigrants.
While travelling throughout Italy and
southern Europe on foot he came into
actual contact with this class of i'm
migrants. He ate and slept with them
and in fact, became one of their number.
Their hospitality was generous. and any
attempt to repay them for their services
was construed as an insult. Quite a
number OF them could speak English
fueptly. and the majority of the children
were eagerly studying our language.
The impression prevails among these
people that America is one vast mine and
workshop. In these they will labor in.
cessantly. save their earnings and re-
turn to Europe wealthy. This impression
no doubt had its origin back in the
eighties. when foreigners were drawn to
this country through specified contracts,
solely for the purpose of breaking strikes
in our mines and factories.
Mr. Powderly claims that we do moi
know the people who come to us from
southe IN Europe. They are good work
ers. warm hearted, and possess no in
herent badness.
In defense of the Italian Mr.. Powderly
cited the following Incidents:
While journeying in Italy a portion of
the road to Capua lay through a Sc,
Guided district infested by bandits. Real
izng the hazard connected with such
journey, the Italian peasants, unsolicited,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14
LEAVE PLANTS PROTECTED.
Do Not Remove Cover of Plants Be
fore April

Do not be in hurry to remove the lit
ter, manure. etc, that covers the plants.
There will be many mild days when the
sun is so warm that every gardener is
tempted anew each year. despite the pre-
vious years experience. to cleanup"
Don't Let your peonies. iris. foxgloves.
peoples. phlox, etc, all remain snug and
comfortable under cover Not till the end
of the month should they be freed from
anything that has protected them during
the winter. and if the season is late they
would better remain covered still longer.
Nothing is gained by haste. and much
may be lost
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14
p IMMIGRANTS are now coming to this
country at a more rapid rate than az
any time in our history. During the
&c.. o,,,artar Of tho MAST century inn

country at a more rapid rate than at
any time in our history. During the
& first quarter of the past century inn
migration averaged about 1900
wear; during the second quarter II aV-
eraged about 100000 year; in the thlrd
quarter it averaged about 100000. and IN
the last quarter of the century 1t averaged
about 100000 per year. In spite OF re-
strictions the stream of aliens pouring
into the United States grows heavier ana
heavier. The number of immigrants ad-
mitted during the last fiscal year was
.oS,349. which exceeded that for the
nre vious year by about 1S4,6l4, and 1906
had broken all records.
The most dangerous feature of this IN
creased immigration is the congestion OF
our larger cities and the evils and new
problems thereby created. in the year
lust closed, as in preceding years, the
vast majority of the arriving Aliens nave
fiocked to a few of the large cenlers Vi
POPULATION New York secured 3S6.244. or
over 20 per cent of the entire NUMBER
PENNSYLVANIA was the goal for 23O 9O6, or
II per cent: l94, 156, or per cent, went 70
Illinois; So, 5S3, or Z per cent. drifted 10
Massachusetts, and 1866. or per cent,
flooded New Jersey.
The COLONIES and Sums formed in
such cities as New York. Chicago, Boston
and Philadelphia are menace to Ameri-
can citizenship. Americanization Is the
process by which immigrants are trans
formed into Americans - not the mere
adaptation of American citizenship. but
the actual raising of the alien to American
economic social and moral standards OF
life. To accomplish this the foreigner
must be brought directly in contact with
our own people, customs and method OF
thinking. and not be crowded in our large
cities. where vice and discomfort are
fostered.
In recognition of this danger Congress
has made provision for relieving the stu
alton and established, July. 1907. "divi-
sion OF Information to facilitate the dis
tribution of aliens by gathering and CIV
ing accurate information as to work. land
and resources of the country at large.
Although the division of information"
is not yet year old results are already
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14

give what is a fair average for fresh seed.
A pint of dwarf or bush beans will plant
100 feet An ounce of beet seed will sow
sixty feet. One ounce of Brussels sprouts
is enough to plant a bed six feet by SIX
feet, which space should produce about
two thousand plants. An ounce of carrot
will sow at least fifteen rows of ten feet
each. A pint of corn will plant seventy
five hills. One ounce of lettuce will plant
125 feet and produce at least LOCO plants.
and three times that many if they are
close headed. An ounce of parsley will
SOW 80 feet One ounce of parsnip will
SOW between 200 and 300 feet. A quart of
peas will SOW 100 feet. An ounce of rad
ish will give 100 feet. Spinach and turnip
will give $50 feet to the ounce.
1t will be plain that for most VEGETABLES
you need not buy anywhere near an ounce.
The seedsmen put up packets that con-
tain from one-quarter to one-third ami
one-half ounce which are ample
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14
PRODUCE OF SEEDS
A TABLE FOR THE AMATEUR
KITCHEN GARDENER.

- NE of the first things that the anna
teur wishes to know Is how many
feet of row a given quantity OF
seed will SOW, or how many plants Will
be produced by any certain amount. I'm
fortunately this very important question
is one that has never been answered with
scientific exactness.
Reliable seedsmen can give you very
fair estimate, but they are, after all, only
approximations The following list will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14
TOOLS FOR THE AMATEUR.

For the work of a small garden it is un-
necessary to lay in great stock of tools.
The most important of the few that are
needed is thoroughly good spading fork.
Get ii as heavy as possible. See that the
tines are generous and thick. This tool
will beat a spade in almost all operations
except that of shoveling dirt, for which
YOU need a half-round spade, which will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14

Copyright 1905, by Associated Literary Press.)
In this department a staff which has done
practical work in small suburban garden plots
to produce the best effects with the least ex-
penditure of either time or money will give sug-
gestions and advice intended directly and exclu-
sively for the people who have the average small
gardens, with only the limited time that the
of them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14
SEEDING THE GARDEN
THE EASIEST AND QUICKEST
WAY TO DO THE JOB.

IT. seed down vegetable garden
after the earth has been worked,
- fined and raked thoroughly the
first needful thing is to level the ground.
If the land is inclined to be very wet and
hold water too much, the rows should
have little dip. Otherwise, make the
garden perfectly level. This is best done
by tying rope to each end of a heavy
board and dragging it back and forth
over the soft ground. The process has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14

the further advantage of packing the
earth somewhat.
Now, if the rows are to be two feet
apart, cut a stick of that length to use
as a measure. Drive little stakes just
the length Of this stick apart along each
serve as a guide
Get a light board as near the length of
the rows as possible and lay 1T on the
patch SO that one edge will lie along
little stakes. With a sharp stick draw
your furrow for the seeds, using the edge
of the board as a ruler. OF course these
burrows must be of diffeent depths, ac-
cording to the kind of seed that goes into
them.
Well Packed Earth.
If your soil is not good it will pay to
make the furrow Tor drill, as gardeners
call it, deeper than is needed for the seed
and scatter in a little chemical fertilizer
or bone meal. Cover this with earth so
that it won't touch the seed, and then
SOW.
After the seeds are in rake the earth
very lightly back on them. taking care
not to disturb them. Then walk along
the row, treading on it with all your
weight to press the earth all around the
seeds and give them thoroughly firm
bed.
You can't pack the earth around those
babies too tightly. After they have been
packed, rake loose earth lightly over the
furrow to cover it and prevent the soil
around the seeds from drying out and
making Don't rake much on.
Having finished the row, label one OF
the stakes by wiring a bit OF wood on 1t.
Don't trust to a paper label. The first
rain will ruin it. Don't trust to memory
about your rows, either. If you don't
mark them as you go along you Will be
sorry when the weeds begin to come,
which they often do before the vegetables
peep out.
If you can't get board to serve the
purpose, get a long stick. 1t Will DO as
we'll. except that you can't use 1t to kneei
on. which is a decided convenience. IL
YOU can't even get a stick, stretch Irvine
between the stakes to serve as gulde
for the rows.
Don't try to seed down the patch with
out such e guide. 1t will be not only ex-
tremeIy troublesome, but it will be I'M
possible to get the rows straight.
Prepare your board stakes, wooden
labels, etc. now, and you will be able to
plant a thirty-foot patch in few hours,
whereas without preparation 1t may take
a day or more and then be a poor JoD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14

a
quality The garden full all
S
o ever
made O
a o one o O
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14
AVOID GROUPING LIKE THIS.

beautiful II
phcin them
view hwhoe den S
een foegro 1t
of
the of
edinthef the dhe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-14

few
hardyc
f andw
condnion sanygo lomy
fair heghtc obtained 70
Omaha daily bee., 1908-07-26
FUNERAL OF BISHOP POTTER
Body of Prelste ia Taken to New
York After Brief Service at
COOperstown.

CoOPERSTOWN, N. Y, July 2.-The
funeral OF Bishop Henry c.. Potter, seventh
Protestant Episcopal bishop of the do
cese Of New York, was held in this village
this morning. The services were in Christ
church, in which James Fennimore Cooper
worshiped in his lifetime. the body Of
the prelate being borne from Fernleigh,
where he died, through the c~hurchyard
where the novelist lies buried. The weather
was perfect and nature aided In bestow-
ing a serene beauty on the simple yet i'm
pressive service.
The casket was followed to the church
by the honorary pail bearers. the visiting
clergy of the diocese and the members
OF the bishops family and household.
Officiating at the funeral were Rev. Ralph
81; dsall. rector of Christ church, Coopers-
town, assisted by a number of New York
clergymen,
NEW YORK, July 2A-The body of
Bishop Henry c. Potter arrived here to-
night and was removed to the New
Trinity cemetery, where II will remain
until the bishops successor, Bishop Greer,
comes from London, when the public
funeral will be held. After a short cere-
mony the body was left TO the cemetery
attendants. who will stan watch night
and day until the public service is he'd.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-07-26
PRINCE REVIEWS TROOP,
Military Pageant at Quebec II Fol-
lowed by Round of Social
Functions

QUEBEC. July 25.-The prince of Wales
reviewed 5000 soldiers and sailors on the
Plains of Abraham today, after which
he formally delivered to the governor
general the title deeds of the battle
grounds of Montcalm and Wolfe as a perm
anent memorial reservation. Field Mar
shall Lord Roberts, who assists the prince
In reviewing the I oops eXcites hardly
less interest than the prince himself as
many of the men served under him in
South Africa. The military forces en-
gagged in the review are upwards of 1900,
while sailors and marines from the war
ships add another 5000 to 5000.
Dense crowds packed the roads, max
ing them almost impossible. The review
ing grounds are alongside Wolfe Cove.
where the British general made his last
landing, and comprise the entire range
Of ground occupied by the armies Of Wolfe
and Montcalm.
The state ball at the Parliament build
ings tonight is the chief social function
during the princes stay. The building
was brilliantly Illuminated within and
without and a great throng filled the
senate chamber, which temporarily served
the purpose of a ball room.
The American officers gave a dance
this afternoon on board the New Hsmp-
shire, which was largely attended by Off
cials and aides.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-07-26
special order TO secure Omcers az
Fort Crook HaE Been
Revoked.
lFrom q statf correspondent.l

CFrom a staff Correspondent
WASHINGTON. d. c., July 2.-CSpecial
Telegram)-special order of July ID, ap-
pointing a board OF medicsl officers to
meet at Fort Crook and Fort Des Moines,
August 3, to examine applicants for APP
pointments In the medical corps. is evoked
Lieutenant Colonel William B, Davis, med
ical corps, is designated to conduct pre-
liminary examination. August 3, al Army
building, Omaha, Of applicants for appoint
ment in medical corps.
Postmssters appointed are as follows;
Iowa-webb, Clay county, John l.. Ad-
dington. vice w. G. G~annaway, resigned.
South Dakota-Elrod Clark county, JOS
eph A. Maltley, vice F NJ. Kay. resigned
Miranda. Faux county. Orson c. Reid
linger. vice A. G. Finders, resigned.
Morton Davis was appointed regular and
Katie Davis substitute rural carrier for
route 2 at Roseland, Neb.
The following persons were appointed let
ter carriers and substitute carriers at Madi-
son. s. D.. to begin service August l, on
which date city delivery service will be in
augurated: Frank c. Fuller, Warren II.
Aldrich, carriers; Irwin E. Olemore, substi-
tute.
These promotions at first and second
class postoffices in Iowa were announced
today: Centerville. one clerk, $500 to $500
two, $500 to $500; four carriers, 5000 to $1,000.
Fairfield, one clerk, $500 to $500; one, $500 to
1900; one carrier, $500 to $500; three, 5000 to
$1,000. Lemars, one clerk and two carriers.
5000 to $1,000. Waverly, two clerks, $500 to
$500.