davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28

Aug Sept. IL
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA,
COUNTY OF GRANT.
In Circuit Court, Fifth Judicial Circuit.
John Van Erem, Plaintiff, VS.. George W. Har-
rington, also called George w. Harrington, de-
PENDANT.
SUMMONS
The state of Sonth Dakota, to the above
named defendant:
You are hereby summoned and required to an
swer the complaint Of the plaintiff. which was
filed in the ONCE Of the clerk Of this court at
llbank in Grant County, South Dakota, on the
18th day of July, 1908. and which praye for .
Judgment quieting title to and the determine
ton Of all adverse claims against the premises
described IN the complaint. situate in the coun-
ty Ct Grant, State OF South Dakota, and dee-
cribed as follows. to-wit: The northeast quarter
of the northwest quarter of section eighteen, in
township one hundred twenty.one of range forty
six, and to serve a copy OF your answer to said
complaint on the Undersigned at their office in
the city of Mlbank, Grant County, South Dako-
ia, within thirty days after the completed service
OF this summons upon you, exclusive 1.-THE DAY
Of such service. and if You fail to answer said
complaint within that time. the plaintln Will
apply to the court for the relief demanded in
the complaint.
BoUCK Il MCCARTHY,
ATTORNEYS for Plaintiff.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
WAGER Of Battle.

In 1917 one Richard Thornton. called
to the bar of the kings bench charged
with the murder Of Mary Ashford. in
defied his accuser, whereupon there
was a pretty to do. Wager Of battle,
1t was supposed, had died a natural
death in the dark ages. but Lord Ellen.
borough after much consultation OF
precedent held that 1t was still the law
OF England and ordered a field to be
prepared. Thornton's accuse thereup.
on declining combat. the prisoner was
discharged. Next year parliament
passed an act a%bolishing this privilege
OF appeal to the strong right arm.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
Poisoned With Diamonds.

The jeweler replaced tenderly in its
case the unmounted pear shaped dia.
mond. II could kill you with that
he said. II could poison you with it.
You would die in a few hours" But
diamonds are not poisonousy' In
deed they are. ground up. There have
been a number of suicides by diamond
dust among gem cutters. Swallow
diamond dust, and death will ensue
very quickly. The symptoms will be
the same as though strychnine had
been taken"
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
Sunday School Picnic

~~OA -
The Methodist Sunday school
held its annual picnic at the
court house grove last Nednes
day afternoon, about one hun
dred aud seventy.fve members
aud friends gathering around
the tables. 1t has been custom
AIRY for the school to hold the an
nual picnic at Big Stone lake,
but it was deemed advisable to
change the program this year
and give a number of the smaller
children and others who could
not make the trip to the lake, an
opportunity to enjoy the gather
lug. The court house grove is
an excellent place for such an at
fair, the trees atfording a splen.
did shade aud the band stand,
which was recently latticed and
painted by the Excelsior club,
made the spot ideal for the pur.
pose. A number of sports had
been arranged for. principal of
which Was a baseball game be
tween the married ladies and the
young ladies. The former we're
distinguished by the wearing of
red caps, and the young ladies'
wore sweaters, the lineup being
as follows:
Red Caps Or Merry Widows
Mrs. A. B. Copyright, C: Mrs. }.
M. Watson, p; Mrs. E. Murray,
1st b; Mrs. A. Wells, 80; Mrs. W.
B. Kyrk, 30; Mrs. E. D. Moore,
SIS; Mrs. T. Finley, RI; Mrs. c..
= Leach, CT; Mrs. j. Fuller, If.
Sweaters-Catherine Wells, c;
Ruby Hocum, p; Bessie Downie,
lst b; Leona Gilchrist, I'd b; Els
ther Partridge. Sd b: Laura Pad
dock, SIS; Lillian Schafer, IF; Al
ia kyrk,c f Marjory MCPHERSON;
If.
Lloyd Thirsk was appointed
umpire and official scorekeeper.
and while we believe he made
his decisions conscientiously aud
as the necessities of the case de-
manded, The players did not
take it that way, and on several
occasions he was surrounded by
a mob and his life endangered,
but the timely arrival of the po-
lice saved him from serious in
jury
The Red Caps had the ad van
tage of the game IN the first in
ming, but III the third and last
the sweaters commenced to
make the bases and they claim
they would have won the game
but for the rank decisions ofshe
umpire who of course was a
married man and couldn't be
impartial. They have chal-
lenged the Red Caps for return
game at the picnic next year,
when an unmarried man Will be
selected as umpire The official
record stood Is to 10 in favor of
the Red Caps, who secured ID big
watermelon as n prize.
The boys obstacle race was
won by Guy Wood, the prize be
ing a two-blad d knife. Bernice
Rawson won the girls potato
race, getting a box of candies as
"a prize.
One Of the features of the re-
freShmentS was hot Weiner-
wurst, COOKED on a camp fire on
the grounds.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
PICKING on Him.

A first grade boy brought perfect
spelling papers nome for several weeks
and then suddenly began to miss 1--WE
and six out Of ten.
"How's this, SOM" asked his father.
Teachers fault" replied the boy.
"How is 1t the teachers faultr'
"She moved the little boy that sal
next to me. "-Llppincotts.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
Difficulties Of the Naturalist.

At one end or the other of every ami
NAL lies a danger which makes the
closest investigation impossible. To
study the mule we must hold him by
the head, but to study the bull we
must have a tail hold as a vantage
point.-St. Louis Globe Democrat.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
Her View of IL.

Don't you think asked Mrs. Old
castle. that Miss Witherspoon has a
patrician face?" "Oh," replied her
hostess, hanging her 100000 necklace
over the back Of a chair, 81 don't think
she has. She claims, at least, that her
folks were all English and that there
amt a drop of Irish blood In her
veins. s-Chicago Record Herald.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
Practical.

sound practical advice given BY .
misanthrope: II ever you should be at.
tucked by night never shout Murder
Tor no one will bother about you. Yell
~F1re!' and everybody wfl b out Of
4oers IN q jidy.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
Notice

The Yong woman known as May Oenler or
Fannie Roe, having left my home on the 18th
of July, 1868, notice ls hereby given that | viii
not be responsible for any uebts she may con-
tract after the date above mentioned.
G. T. OEHI.ER.
Milbank, S. d., Aug. ~, 1908
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
The Junior Dance.

A grind. two melancholy stagD. and thoy
Beside me in the wilderness. / vow
II these be pleasures Of the junior dance
place were paradise enow.
Harvard LAmpoon.
Motor Madness.
The rapid youth now Vows the roo
With alcohol - too serene.
10 set . truly thrilling pace
The thing you want u gasolinp. J.
Shifting the Gxpsnee.
~ his sxpenge HE w1Io Woua1 60
Ard Joke. She thought e ooun1on1
ut her allowance - cut -
AnA now shspS soone01ooA
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
0neaked.

what side do you geneg1l1y take
when your wife gets IN IN argument
with somebody elseT
Outside. It's safee."- Milwaukee
Sentinel.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28

Would Bend . Biz

Minkins-I pride myself on the fact
that I have never yet broken my word.
Bifkins-Too flexible, eh?-Chicago
News,
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28

There are times when God adm moth
ing Of bis children except silence and
pQtience.-Roblnson.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
gxtra

JeAany-What difference WIN lean
yoaf make?
Knicker-We W0 h0Vo - more
sn0k.-Jud9A
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
Explained.

II know he does not mean t. He
says in his letter that everything has
seemed dark as night since went
away"
He may be telling the truth. You
know love Is blind"
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1908-08-28
A Lap Ahead.

1hs (severely)-The day = breaking.
He (recklessly)-rm ahead Of the
day, then, for I'm already bcoka.-BaI-
l1UogO American
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Watch Chain Saves Life.

Poplar BluK-Attacked by a huge
catamount ten miles south of here. Il.
Emory, a timberman, rred every bul.
let he had in a squirrel rife without
bringing the animal down. The AMI.
nal closed in on him and would prob.
ably have killed him had not Emory
though OF his watch chain composed
Of bullets he had saved while a pri.
vate in the first Tennessee regiment at
Manila. Jerking of the chain, Emory
loaded his rifle, using powder from
his horn flask. and succeeded In killing
the animal just as 1t was lunging to.
ward him.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Bolt Hurls Four Into River.

Poplar Bluf-A bolt Of lightning
struck the east pier Of the incomplete
iron county bridge at Hendrickson, a
short distance north OF Poplar Bluff,
on the Iron Mountain railroad. tore
the slender steel s%tringers from their
foundations and the entire frame
work. Tone OF iron and steel we're
plunged into Black river. Four work.
men, laborlng on top Of the fabrics,
tumbled with the mass into the torrent
and all were rescued.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
HOT ONIONS FOR PNEUMONIA.
Dread Disease Robbed Of Ito Terror1
by Simple Remedy.

Owing to the prevalence Of pnen-
monla and the great mortality which
attends Its raSages during the winter
and spring, several boards of health
In northern New Jersey have been tax.
Ing measures to protect the citizens OF
their towns from the disease. The
health board Of Washington, N. j., has
published a remedy which is said to
be a sure cure for pneumonia, and
other health boards are looking into
the matter with a view Of having the
same thing published for the good Of
the general public. This Is the pub
llcation as It has appeared in the pa
pers OF Washington:
Take six or ten onions, according
to size. and chop fine, put In a large
spider over a hot fire, then add the
same quantity OF rye meal and vine.
gar enough to form a thick paste. In
the meanwhile stir 1t thoroughly. let.
ting It simmer five or ten minutes.
Then put In q cotton bag large enough
10 cover the lungs and apply to chest
as hot as patient car bear. In about
ten minutes apply another. and thus
continue by %reheating the poultices,
and in n few hours the patient will be
out of danger. This simple remedy
has never failed to cure this too.often
fatal malady. Usually three or four
applications will be sufficient, but con
tinue always until the perspiration
starts freely from the chest. This rem
cdy was formulated many years age
by n Of the best physicians New
England has cver known. who never
lost a patient by the disease, and won
his renOwn by simple remedies"
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
S1o2, 6e5.22 Paid to state.

Jefferson Clty-For the first Ave
months OF the present year there has
been paid into the state treasury az
collateral interest tax 1902 $685. 2.
Four. nfths OF this sum, or Ss0.240.0 6.
goes to the state university at Colum.
bia, and the remaining one-ifth, or
122, 1876, to the schoo1 OF Mines and
Metallurgy at Rolla.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Rockefeller Suit Dismissed.

Joplin-Frank Rockefeller, brother
Of John ID. Rockefeller. the oil king,
failed TO file a cost bond In his suit
against Henry Gross OF Aurora. to re.
cover t265, 900 invested in the Cob.
bier mine nea Wentworth. Mo-, and
his suit was dismissed by Judge Smith
McPherson, sitting In the place Of
Judge Phillips.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Saw Land RIse s4s.2s an Acre.

Chillicothe-Dr. w. G. Williams, %
years old, died at his home in James.
port, north OF here. He vas a native
of South Carolina and came to Mis-
souri, in the "0s, settling rear James.
port, where he purchased 1920 acres
OF land at Is cents al acre. The land
now is valued at $50 an acre. Mr..
Williams was mayor OF Jamesport
for one term. He Is survived by Ave
children.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Leaaue Made Permanent.

Sedalia--At the opening session OF
the state convention OF the Missouri
Anti.Saloon league, the permanent or.
ganization slated by the committee on
temporary organization went through.
with William II. O'Brien of st. Louis
chairman. A committee IN resolutions,
composed OF A. l.. McCaulcy. Garth.
age; w. +. Parker, Lebanon; A. Bush.
nell, Kansas City: X. -. Templeton,
Holden, and NJ, II. Marley, Salem,
was appointed.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
MISSOURI NEWS
REGENTS Not to gu. state Auditor.

VeUeWt6 NV1 " OUV 0Sdso VV0'S@V'
Springneld-H. y. Mcdaniel, presi.
dent Of the board OF regents OF the
Springfield state normal emphatical.
ly denies a report from Jefferson City
to the effect that the regents will In.
stitute mandamus proceedings to com
pei State Auditor Wilder to honor
requisition on the remaining 10000
appropriation for the normal building.
Work on the building Is tied up be.
cause the regents a not get money
10 meet the contractors estimate.
State authorities say there Is no mon.
cy available.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Boy Admits Wreekinu Train.

81. Joseph-Willie Darkest, II years
old, arrested, has confessed to the po-
lice that he turned a switch which
wrecked a Burlington freight train. He
said lie wanted to get some coal and
planned the wreck in order to upset
some OF the cars, SC he could get the
fuel easier. He Is held In the county
detention home to await trial.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18

ties, Mrs. A. 8.
Payne, OF sol Third
ave, So, Columbus,
Miss, suffered for
years. She says:
1.-THE pains In my
back, sides and loins
were so terrible that
I often smothered a
scream. Every move
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
How'S This?

We offer Ono Hundred Dollars Howard for any
case Of Catarrh that cannot be cured By MsilS
Catarrh Cure.
We, the undersigned, have known r. J. Cheney
for the Last iS years, and believe him perfectly hon
orsbia IN oil business transactions and financially
able 70 carry out any b ligations made by his nfm.
WALDIsa. KissAs a MARVIN,
Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, q.
Halls Cstarrh Cure IL taken Internally, acting
directly upon tho blood and mucous surfaces OF the
system. Testimonials sent free. Price Is ceuto pei
bottle. Sold by all DruRHirts.
Take Halls Faulty Pills for constipation.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
0eoiooist Resigns Place.

Springfeld--Dr. Edward Martin
Shepard has resigned as professor Of
geology in Drury college after 30
years service In that position. He
will receive a pension Of l1.08b from
the Carnegie foundation.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Frank Moore to Be Extraditsd.

Jefferson City-A requisition was
issued by the executive department
on the governor OF Colorado for the
extradition OF Frank Moore. He IL
wanted In Stone county, where he 10
under indictment on a charge Of 80.
duction under promise Of marriage.
He Is under arrest at Fort Collins.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18

meant agony. MY rest vas 0 Dy
a troublesome weakness and the Sc
cretions seemed to burn like acid. /
wal In an awful condition and doctors
did not seem to help me. Doan's Kid.
ney Pills benefited me from the first
and soon made me a strong and
healthy woman"
For sale by all dealers. 80 cents a
box. Foster.M ilburn Co., Buffalo, N. Y.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Jefferson County Wet.

De Soto-The local option election
In Jefferson county. outside OF De
Soto. went wet by 1900 majority.
This includes reports from all but
three precincts.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
An important Linz.

"She Is a most accomplished wo-
man."
us she?'
"Why, have you heard her sing?"
Eyes"
"And seen her paintings?"
Eyes"
"Then how can you ask ?"
81 have never tasted her pies"
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18

Lewis Single Binder cigar-richcst, most
satisfying smoke on the market. Your
dealer or Lewis Factory, Peoria, III.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18

Time Ia said 10 be money, but It 10
more, much more; It Is ~lifc.-Lord
Avebury.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18

Let US have faith that right makes
might, and In that faith let us dare
to do our duty as we understand it.
Lincoln,
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
Placed.

Kn!ckcr-Was he among those who
also spobe?
Bocker-No; he was among those
who said in part.-New York Sun.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18
ONE woMAN's ENDURANCE.
aauthern Woman Suffers Torture
Without Complaint.

Racked and torn with terrific pains,
nightly annoyed by kidney IRREGULAR.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1908-06-18

Some women pursue a nan even
beyond the grave"
"YeB?"
eyes. Maria Henpeck broke her
husbands will before he died. and now
she is employing lawyers to break 1t
agaln."-IIouston Post.
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-12
Copyright by A. Z. McClurg 81 Co., l9O7.J
SYNOPSIS.

George Wlliston, a poor ranchman,
high-minded and cultured, searches for
cattle missing from his ranch-the Lazy
>. On wooded spot in the rivers bed
that would have been an island had the
Missouri been at high water. he discovers
u band of horse thieves engaged in work
ing over brands on cattle. lie Creeps
near enough to note the changing of the
Three Bars" brand on one steer to the
j. r. brand. Paul Langford. the rich
owner of the Three Bars" ranch is sent
for by Williston and is Informed of the
operations of the gang of cattle thieves
a band of outlaws headed by Jesse Black,
who long have defed the law and author
tues OF kemah county South Dakota,
with impunity but who, heretofore, had
not dared to modest amy of the property
ton shows his reuctancy in opposing u
band 50 powerful in politics and 50
dreaded by all the community. Langford
pledges Williston his friendship if he
viii assist in bringing Jesse Black and
his gang to justice. Langford is struck
with the beauty OF Mary, commonly
known as ''Willist0n's little girl" Louise
Dale, an expert court Stenographer, who
had followed her uncle. Judge Hammond
Daie, from the east to the 'Dakotahs,
and who is living with him at Wind City,
is requested by the county attorney,
Richard Gordon, to come to Kemah and
take testimony in the preliminary hear
ing of Jesse Black She accepts the inVi-
tatlon and makes her first trip into the
wild Indian country. Arriving at Nelpen
across the river from kemah. she is met
Dy Jim hunSOH, Il not headed COWBOY OF
the Three Bars" ranch. In waiting for
the train Munson looks at some cattle in
the stock pen In the herd being shipped
to Sioux City by Bill Brown he detects
old Mag" well known "onery" steer
belonging to his employer of the Three
Bars" ranch. Munson and Louise start
for Kemah. They take lunch at the Bon
Ami restaurant conducted by Mrs. Hig
gins. great admireT of Richard Gordon,
the county attorney. Louise is told of
meat poisoning plot which resulted in the
NJ let a. Fff,Tt sAtl0 ~
witnesses for the state in the cattle thief
case against Jesse Black. A blackboard
tries to block the way of Munsons team
at the entrance to pOntoon bridge across
the river Munson crowds past the buck
board team wrccking the blackboard.
They arrive at WillistOn's. Crowds
semble in Justice James II. MCAlistcr's $
court for the preliminary hearing. Jesse
Black springs the first of many great
surprises. waving examination. Through
Jake SahdersOn, member of the out
law gang, he had learned that the steer
Mag had been recovered and thus saw
the uselcssness of fighting against being
bound over.
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-12
OLD SURGEON
Found Coffee Caused Hands 60
TrembIe.

The surgeons duties require clear
Judgment and a steady hand. A slip
or an unnecessary incision may do ir-
reparable damage to the patient.
When he found that coffee drinking
caused his hands to tremble, an Ills.
surgeon conscientiously gave it up and
this is his story.
For years l was a coffee drinker
until my nervous system was nearly
broken down, my hands trembled so I
could hardly write, and insomnia tor
tured me at night.
Besides, how could I safely per-
form operations with unsteady hands.
using knives and instruments of pre-
cision? When l saw plainly the bad
effects of coffee, l decided to stop it,
and three years ago | prepared some
Postum, of which l had received
sample
'The first cupful surprised me. It
was mild, soothing, delicious. At this
time l gave some Postum to a friend
who was in similar condition to
mine, from the use of coffee.
"A few days after, l met him and
he was full of praise for Postum, de-
claring he would never return to cof-
fee but stick to Postum We then or
dered full supply and within a short
time my nervousness and consequent
trembling, as well as insomnia, disap-
peared, blood circulation became nor
NAL, no dizziness nor heat flashes.
my friend became a Postum en-
thusiast, his whole family using it ex-
clusively.
1T would be the fault of the one
who brewed the Postum, if it did not
taste good when served.
THE best food may be spoiled If
not properly made. Postum should be
boiled according to directions on the
pkg. Then it is all right, anyone can
rely on it. 1t ought to become the
national drink" There's a Reason
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek, Mich. Read The Road to
Wellville," in pkgs.
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-12
METHODS ARE TOO STRENUOUS.
Why Yankee Statesmen Have Not Sue.
ceeded in South America.

In the matter of statesmen abroad,
we mus. have men who not only speak
the language but who are also thor
oughly conversant with the customs
and idiosyncrasies of the people with
whom they deal, says the Engineering
Magazine. The South American. in
his buying as in almost everything
else, is a most deliberate person as
well as sensitive one. A salesman
who will call. smoke a cigarette, talk
inconsequently about the weather. the
theater and the races, and answer
questions-should any happen to be
asked-rather than make assertions
about his goods, will outsell, five to
one, the liveliost hustler that ever
opened up a sample case This is a
thing so contrary to the instinct of the
American salesman that, to date, in
his wanton disregard of it, he has con.
stantly played into the hands of his
more experienced European rivals
Your Yankee drummers," says the
latter politely, "are the greatest sales
men in the world-in America"
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-12
Hoo Cholera,

The greatest drawback to the hog
industry which breeders in this coun-
try have to contend with is what is
known as hog cholera" and Swine
plague"
Hog cholera is a highly contagious
disease and unless checked is liable
to carry off a great number of hogs in
a very short time.
Mr.. A. P. Williams, of Burnetts
Creek, Ind, tells of an experience
which he had with some hogs that
had the cholera. Five years ago."
says Mr.. Williams, Il was in the en-
ploy of Mr.. ]. d. Richardson, Lafay-
cite, Ind, as his barn foreman. Some
fine hogs that l was feeding took the
cholera. l gave them Sloan's Lini
ment and did not lose a hog. Some
were so bad they would not drink
sweet milk and l was compelled to
drench them. I have tried it at every
opportunity since and always find it
o. K"
Write for DR.. Sloan's free book on
the treatment of Horses. Cattle, Hogs,
and Poultry. Address: DR.. Earl S.
Sloan, 615 Albany Street, Boston,
Mass