The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-17
CAPT. JOSSELYN ONE
Of MANY WEATHER
BUREAU OBSERVERS
Continued from Page One

Continued from Page One.)
servations taken simultaneously and
that the position of the ship at the ac
tual time of observation should be re
corded. The time set for simultaneous
observation IS Greenwich mean noon
The local time of observation core.
spending to Greenwich noon depends
upon the observer s longitude. For ex-
ample, vessel in longitude so west. OF
four hours in time west Of Greenwich.
should observe at a. m. local time
and the ship latitude and longitude at
a. m. local time is the position the
bureau desires the master to be record
ed in, in this case.
When these reports are received at
washington the observations are
plotted on daily synoptic charts. which
exhibit the conditions of the weather
over the entire ocean at Greenwich
mean noon of each day. Bv the studv
OF these charts the comparative
changes are ascertained, and the prac-
ucaI result IS given on the pilot charts.
with information relative to the move
ment of wind in storms, the tracks of
cyclones, rules for the management of
ships IN cyc1onic areas, the set and
force of ocean currents, the use Of oil
an dangerous storms, trade-wind limits
best passage routes, regions of fog, ice
and rain. The weather bureau official
ly designates oil as a valuable agent
in smoothing down seas.
T Mr.. Stoekman of the local weather
bureau pays a high compliment to
many of the masters of vessels plying
in inter-island waters for the excel
lence of their reports.
In its book of forms given to mas
ters of vessels, in which to record
their daily observations, occurs the fol-
lowing instruction as to the use of
oil:
masters Of vessels can not be re-
minded too often of the use of oil. in
stormy weather. It's Importance is
well illustrated by the fact that it is
now recognized in standard books on
seamanship. The International Ma
rine Conference at Washington recon-
mended that : the several governments
require all their seagoing vessels to
carry a sufficient quantity of animal or
vegetable oil, for the purpose of calm
ing the sea in rough weather, togeth-
er with suitable means for applying
it.
'eThick and heavy oils are the best
Mineral oils are not so effective as
animal or vegetable oils. Raw petro-
1eum has given favorable results, but
not SO good when it is refined. Ger
tain oils, like coeoanut oil and some
kinds of fish oil, CONCEAL in cold wealth
er, and are therefore useless, but may
be mixed with mineral oils to advan-
tage. AS a general rule, probably the
best way to use oil is by filing the
closet bowls forward with oakum and
oil letting the oil drip out slowly
through the waste pipes. Another
simple and easy way to distribute oil
is by means of canvas bags about one
foot long, filed with oakum and oil,
pierced with holes by means of a
coarse sail needle, and held by Ian
yard
Running before a gale, use oil
from bags at the catheads or from for
ward waste pipes; if yawing badly and
to broaeh-to, use oil for
ward and abaft the beam, on both
sides. Lving-to. distribute oil from
the weather bow. With a high beam
sea, use oil bags at regular intervals
along the weather side. In heavy
cross sea, have bags along both sides.
into a heavy head sea, use
oil through forward closet pipes.
There are many other eases where oil
may be used to advantage, such as
lowering and hosting boats, riding to
a sea anchor. crossing rollers or surf
on a bar. and from lifeboats and
vessels. F."