The National tribune., 1908-07-23
CAMPAIGN MANAGERS.
Continued from page one.)

Up 10 tlHte I>dtlondl SOill-
mittee headquarters had been in the
:. famous headquarters of the New York
State Committee in the Fifth Avenue
Hotel He started an innovation by
hiring house up near 42d St for head
quarters. Opposed to him as Democrat
ic Chairman that year was the late w
F. Harrity, of Pennsylvania, who con-
Quoted a very business-like campaign
for Cleveland That is the Presidential
year, probably the only Presidential
year, when the Democrats had as much
money for campaign purposes as their
rivals. Up to the appearance of Senator
Quay as fat-frying Chairman in 1888
comparatively little money was spent
under the National Chairman's aus
pices. Ex-senator w. E. Chandler, OF
New Hampshire and Washington, who
was Secretary of the National Commit
tee for many years along in the '70s,
has said that. the average expenditures
for Republican Presidential campaign
till the later sos ran from $4,000 to
t 100000.
Hanna as Manager.
In the two McKinley-Bryan cam
paigns of 1896 and 1900 the late Mar
Gus A. Hanna, of Ohio, who became a
| Senator in 1897, and the late Senator
James K. Jones, of Arkansas, faced
| each other as managers. The public is
familiar with statements about the inn
mense campaign funds that Mr.. Hanna
raised those years, but the politicians
| of both parties concede that in general
ship he leads them all. His ideas of
conducting educational campaigns have
been followed since then with important
notifications, which are likely to be
observed for number of years to come.
The literary bureau. which Senator
Hanna made such an important feature
in 1896, really originated 20 years ear
lier, in 1876, with Samuel ]. Tilden,
who was widely ridiculed for the i'm
portance he made of it in his canvass.
Hanna actually spent millions of dol
lars for the writing, printing and dis
semination of about 800 campaign docu-
ments in 1896. The present Secretary
of the Treasury, George B. Cortelyou,
who assumed the National Chairman
ship in 1904, after several other Repub-
licans had declined it, circulated but
six campaign documents, including
President Roosevelt's speech of accept
ance, Elihu Roots speech as Temporary
Chairman of the 1904 Convention, while
he was ex-Secretary of War; and a
speech by the late Secretary of State
John Hay, made at celebration of the
50th anniversary of the Republican Par
ty, held in Michigan. But Mr.. Cortel-
you extended the publicity idea to adj
zines, which proved effective, and which
both parties are likely to adopt extern
sively in this campaign. These adver-
tisements include both reading matter
and cartoons. Tom Taggart, of Indiana,
now about to retire for the new Bryan
Chairman, was the Democratic Chair
man in 1904, by the selection Of the
National Committee rather than by the
designation of the Presidential candi-
date.
Up TO Chairman Quay's- time both
National Committees of both parties
had been naming the Chairmen with
out consulting the wishes of the candi-
dates. The Republicans inaugurated the
change because of complaints after the
Garfield campaign of 1880. Marshall
Jewell, of Connecticut, a former Post
master-General, was the leading Re-
publican manager that year. He was
not in sympathy with Garfield when Sc
1ected for Chairman, and Garfield, as
President, dissatisfied with things Jew
ell had done in the campaign, did not
give him much recognition in the dis
tribution of patronage. Quay althoI
Harrison's choice, felt disgruntled be-
cause he was not allowed to dictate the
names of men for Office as he wished.
As Patronage Dispenser.
The power of the National Chairman
in dispensing patronage has been dwin-
ding ever since Chairman Hanna's
time, and unless Bryan should be elect
ed, probably will not be recognized Dur
ing the next four years Secretary Cor
telyou has had next to nothing to do
with patronage under this Administra-
ton. But in former times the Chair
men We're mostly men of wealth, who
served without compensation, except
for the payment of their expenses. 1T
was generally believed that Mr.. Cortel-
you, a poor man, was given salary as
National Chairman in 1904. Without
doubt Mr.. Hitchcock, also poor man,
is allowed salary for the management
of the Republican campaign this year.
The early campaign managers were
generally selected from the eastern part
Of the country. Edwin d. Morgan, of
New York City, native of Washington |
Mass, at one time an officeholder in
Connecticut, Governor of New York and
also Senator and Major General of
Volunteers, was the Republican Ma
tional Chairman from 1856 to 1864. Ex-
Gov. William Clanin, of Massachusetts, |
managed the Grant and Wilson cam
paign. Henry ]. Raymond, of Newl
York, was also great political general
of that period. The late Senator Zach |
ariah Chandler, of Michigan. a native |
of New Hampshire, was Chairman of
Tic EAtCutl@c ana managed
the campaign of 1876 for Hayes.
When Blaine was nominated in 1884
B. F.. Jones, a rich business man of
Pittsburg, was named for National
Chairman. That campaign witnessed
the liberal use of money, but while |
Jones advanced numerous ideas about |
the management Blaine vetoed most of |
these. Jones advised against Blaine's
attending the dinner in New York, !
where the Burchard incident occurred. |
Senator Stephen B. Ell1ins, of West Vir-
ginia, but at that time of New Mexico, |
was the real campaign general that
year.
Money had been used to influence |
voters in previous campaigns. At al
dinner after the campaign of 1880, |
which Arthur. then Vice President-elect, |
and many other political notables at
tended, there was good-natured COM
ment about the result in Indiana Mr.. |
Arthur referred to the result as due to !
"the judicious use of SOAP" which was
taken up by the press quite as vigor- |
ously as Dudley's blocks Of five" in |
1883.