davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Elbert County tribune., 1908-05-07

sum and then finally pay off the bonds will hardly be
felt by the property OF the Empire owing
to their immense list of taxable property.
Ohio after 40 years of building roads by the old
plan of local taxation and bond issues which the
farmer had to pay practically the whole BILL has
passed u state aid law which will enable 1t to build
three miles of improved roads where it build
upon farm property.
Virginia is the first southern state to join the
state aid column good roads Kentucky is alive to
the situation and is taking steps change its
tuition in order to be in position spread
over all the property in the state
In certain parts of the country, notably the Mis-
slsspp valley, there Is entire misconception
what the state aid plan of road building Some
imagine the state would take the highways
build expensive roads and the people to pay for
them; others that 1t Is scheme building
against the wishes of the farmers Nothing could be
farther from the truth The state does in any
manner under state aid law, interfere with the abb
solute local control of the highways The voters of
every township decide whether any roads shall
proved what roads, to what extent, it shall be
matter. If, however, the township, by majority vote
decides to build a under the state aid plan 1t
makes application to the state for that purpose; the
state engineer thereupon visits locality goes over
the road proposed to be improved the local author
ities and decides the of the improve
ment best suited to the conditions then prepares
plans and specifications and when these approved
by the highway commissioners other properly consti
tuted local authorities the to the lowest
responsible bidder and the then done under the
supervision of the state engineer This proper
construction and that durability and low cost
to maintain the road afterward
The Elbert County tribune., 1908-05-07

Under state aid law of road could be
built unless the residents G township decided to do
so. Not dollar of state money eSuld be expended
unless the farmers who live in the rural township
voted for improvements.
II 1t should be alleged that aid was plan
compel railroads. corporations merchants and
facturers to help build the roads, 1t would
suation If they decide improve the other
people are obliged to help pay the bill
In order to build roads cheaply they should be
built extensively 1t costs great deal proper
tlonatey to build half mile of road than
build ten half miles No contractor for small
job but for large competition is keen. takes
Just as much time and bother to ready build half
mile OF road it does to build miles. BY build
ing in the larger quantities from 20 25 cent In
cost of construction can be saved.
AS roads properly built will last for great many
years they should be built school houses and court
houses are built viz by bond issue; thus township
under state aid could build TO- is 20 miles of
in one year, have the roads spread the pay
lone and the state aid plan prevails there will very
little, IL any, increase in taxation
Few people have any idea to what extent bad roads
interfere with travel and how they affect the business
OF the merchant in the country town The Illinois
highway commission has gathered very valuable
data upon the effect of road and weather conditions
upon highway traffic. Observations made at 70
wei distributed points in the
was made by the vehicles passing upon different days
throughout each month Of the year. covering all kinds
OF weather and road conditions
The report shows that traffic stone gravel
roads was fairly uniform throughout year. while
lions The following figures significant and tell
The Elbert County tribune., 1908-05-07

Australia and New Zealand countries newer than our
own less populous, and with nothing like aggre-
gate wealth. The fact that the of the world
good roads while have bad is significant; it
shows that the plan have been pursuing not
been successful. In three hundred years less than
eight per cent of the highways of country have
been permanently Snproved and at the rate 60
ing It would require nearly four thousand to
complete the job So roadbuilders the people of
the United States have been failure
This is all the more surprising when consider
that they conspcuously in every other
line of human endeavor Millions upon millions of
dollars have been wasted in state in the
upon the public roads by -timed misdirected ef
fort and with really very little show the ex
penditure 1t is only within the last ten or fifteen
years that real progress has been along the
line of permanently improving the conditions.
The trouble is We have been endeavoring un-
tangle the snarl by pulling the string. Without
any reason for doing the farmers of the country
Maine California, the very first assumed that
the country roads belonged to them and 1t their
business to improve Them this misconception held
sway for nearly 300 years
few years ago man in New Jersey a dis
oovery. 1t that the highways public property
much the house. This raised the ques.
ton; Why If the highways are public property should
not the public take of its why should not the
state and all property therein contribute building
the roads?" Everybody is interested in them, every
body is affected through the by the road con-
ditions they benefited by good roads and injured
by bad The thought spread throughout the
state and finally New Jersey led the way better con-
ditions by passing law by which the should con-
tribute one-thrd the money required to improve the
roads Other states followed, increasing the proper
ton to one-half and in one case, Massachusetts, to
three-fourths
In many of the New England states farm
property is only small portion Of total taxable
property in some not ten per cent when the
Of road improvement distributed over all prom
erty Of the state the burden hardly felt and yet
immense raised for road purposes Best
of ALL the roads were built under proper supervision
instead of leaving 1t to the inexperienced hands of the
local path master.
Ten years ago New York state began in small
aid and appropriated $4,000 start the work
The plan In favor rapidly that nve years
the state by overwhelming vote passed \ eonsttu.
ona amendment providing for issue of 100000 900
IN bonds to help build the highways What a reeordi
In nve years from nifty thousand fifty milcnsl The
tax necessary TO pay the interss this enormous
The Elbert County tribune., 1908-05-07

of road building under state aid that contemplates
expenditure of the enormous OF $50.000.000 in
ten years-enough money to improve all the main
highways of the state connect every community with
the market town and county seat and give
plee network of good roads from Galena Cairo; the
plan being that the state should pay onehaf the ex
and the townships road districts the other
If $50,000.000 were expended in ten years. the
state would be required to raise $250000o0 of It, There
is In the state property to the total assessed valuation
of $1.25O,000000 To raise $2,500000 year. $26-
100000 in ten years would require two mill tax
on this property; two-mill tax applied to all the
property Of the state OF Illinois the present assessed
vauationtand taking into the possible In
in value thereof) would produce the re-
qured.
average 100 farm in the belt of Illinois
little less Than $4,000 the actual value being approx
mately 10000 two-mill state tax on this farm as
sessed the value Of $4,000 would be exactly a
and MORE and in ten years the state tax
would be $40 which would be the farms proportion Of
the $25.000OOO total Where this farm would pay s40
one single corporation in the city OF Chicago would
have to pay $4,000 another 100000, and the rail-
ways OF the state two millions Of dollars. Thus we
see by state levy of two mills ten years one-half
OF the @500000O0 is provided for The must
be raised by local taxation or by a bond issue
Let US assume that the township in which the farm
in question Is located votes bonds to the constt
tonal limit that is, into just as far as
can and the highest interest that the law per-
mts 1t to pay The limit of the bond issue IN 8va n.r
cent of the assessed valuation the amount Of bonds
resting the farm would be per cent of $4,000
or exactly $780, payable onetenth each year. with in
terest at five cent The total on this bond
issue. far this farm is concerned for the t.n
years would be $2750.
Thus II add the bonds ...,... 400 M
Interest bonds. ds............. 27 6o
And the state tax of............ of lo m
We have total tax the farm Of s1s7 so
which is exactly the of the tax that would he
levied and collected this for both state ad
and to pay on the road bonds and interest This amount
is about Ion cents per per year and the total
charge against the farm for the whole ten years wod
be $1os per acre. This amount OF money paid by the
farm under the state aid plan would enable the stat.
to expend t50,o00o00 upon its highways and the ~
penditure Of ct would add to the value of farm
property at least hve and probably ten times AZ much
the respective farms taxed In order to nav
the bill. Copyright fsa By WRIGHT A. p.u.r,on,
The Elbert County tribune., 1908-05-07

more forciby how great Is the burden of bad roads
than anything else possibly do.
The Clear Lake earth road leading Springfield
Illinois, showed average traffic for four days in
March, 1906 OF 65h vehicles per day over The same
road in June and July the average 1888 vehicesi
On the same days In Peoria, 60 miles away, under the
same weather conditions but hard road. the
trafc for March 166, the average and
July 1853.
Observations at Champaign over an earth road
showed the average for January February and March
to be SO, asanst 200 September and October
count at Decatur gravel March and
april 240; July and August. xfs. Over earth road
leading into Sullivan the count for January. February
and March was 5i August September 316.
While delivering address upon good roads, the
writer was once interrupted and asked II no would
favor taxing the widows cottage help build the
roads He answered that he certainly would.
annual tax would probably exceed 10 is cents
and he gave the following illustration
burden the people, woman goes into grocery
store for dozen eggs and pound of butter. When
told the prices, she protests. The Defense
says; We'll. you see, madam the are bad now
very few farmers are coming To town, butter and
eggs scarce She pays three cents more
the eggs and four for the butter this
seven cents represents her bad paid that
evening This is repeated from time time through
out the year not only in her In hundreds of
others In that town and in thousands through
out the length and breadth of the land There no
doubt that the woman in question would
good roads by at least ten times the
her cottage.
1t would be interesting to take a concrete example
81 state aid apply 1t to typical farm in of the
central western states and exactly what
means SO far taxes upon that farm are concerned
For the purpose OF illustration let take average
farm or lou acres In the belt OF Illinois,
what the effect upon the that farm would be
II the state should undertake vigorous campaign
The Elbert County tribune., 1908-05-07


In heap; taking but two three months instead of
spreading this delivery six to months. Scien-
tifcaly, farm products should be producer
to consumer they needed for consumption, but
the farmer will find the roads in the winter and
spring bad and at times practically impossible, and
for this very he hurres grain to market as
harvested
This causes congestion the railroads and works
havoc in business conditions The moving the
requires an enormous amount of money up
heava in financial centers fall is the
sudden drain
The hurried disposition of the years crop has
cessitated the building of large houses
the grain centers to for it. In Chicago the
age charge is nine cents bushe year; the
rying capacity of the elevators of that city
about s5OOO00o bushels, representing storage charge
OF over $5,O0000O The passing of the food
supply into the control of the grain kings
to the farmer and additional unnecessary cost
to the consumer
The general improvement of the highways of the
country is vastly more important the people as
Whoie than the building of the Panama canal, i'm
provemen of the inland waterways the irrigation of
the semarid lands of the west
Those who have Travelled know that the roads
throughout Europe are good; the is true of
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-09-15

baskets at the proper time of the
year when they are most needed:
Select eggs from good layers.
Hatch them either from hens, or
else in scientifically constructed incu-
batorS.
Rear them in brooders that furnish
them with plentiful supply Of fresh
air.
Give pullets plenty of range where
green and animal food is abundant,
or else supply same
Don't crowd in laying quarters.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-09-15

which have any offensive odor and do
not give the poultry n1ouldy or mil
dewed grain. Some persons think that
anything is good enough, for chicken
feed. That is where they are mistak-
en-, and frequently they lose valuable
fowls that would not have died had
they not been given feed unfit to eat.
Chopped alfalfa may be freely fed to
chickens as part Of their green ration.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-09-15
MADRoNA POULTRY FARM.
Happy, Handsome,

Hng-Houdans, Buff Orpingtons, Buff
Cochins, White Wyandottes, White
Minorcas, Barred Rocks, Indian Run
ner Ducks. All of these breeds great
est money makers on the farm. Have
bred them for years to lay, weigh,
win and pay. Large, vigorous, early
maturing, heavy winter layers of fine
large eggs. A rooster from us will
of your flock. Foundation stock very
reasonable Grand male birds, $3.50
to IS each. Hens and pullets, $3.50
to 81. Fine fertile eggs, $3.50 to So
per setting; 81 to $12 per 100. Want
your trade and can please you with a
square deal at honest prices. Core
spondence or advice pleasure. Ma
drona Poultry Farm, II. B. Orr, Jr.,
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-09-15

Chickens are frequently the victims
of ptomaine poisoning. This is gen.
orally developed in the animal foods
Sometimes it is found in the milk
cans. Beef scraps or green ground
bones which have been allowed to be-
come spoiled frequently cause pto-
maine poisoning. Do not feed scraps
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-09-15
RAISING DUCKS,

The following paper was awarded
first premium by the Indiana Farmer:
Ducks are more profitable than
chicks, if we raise the right kind and
give them the proper kind of feed
Duck raising has developed within the
last twenty years into flourishing in
dustry. Prior to this the duck was not
considered a profitable fowl to raise.
It's flesh was not in general favor, on
account of it's being obliged to pick up
it's living as best it could along creeks
and marshes, living mostly upon fishes
and water insects, and of course this
gave it's flesh strong fishy flavor. But
ducks will respond very rapidly when
handled for a profit They are very
heavy feeders and will grow twice as
rapidly as chicks. On account of the
duck being without crop the food
passes directly to the gizzard, and
consequently the food must be in a
soft, mushy state. Soft food, together
with grass and vegetables and animal
food, is their natural diet. Too much
hard grain does not agree with these
birds, and they will not thrive on it.
To produce best results the food must
be such as will be easily assimilated.
From time Of Matching to five days
old the following mixture is all right:
Crackers or bread crumbs and corn
meal, equal parts; hard boiled eggs
about Is per cent; sand about 5 per
cent; mix with water or milk and feed
four times a day. From 5 to 20 days
old feed wheat bran two parts, corn
meal one part, beef scraps 5 per cent,
sand 5 per cent, green food 10 per
cent; mix with water and feed times
a day. The hours for feeding ducks
are a. m, 10 a. M, p. M, and 6
p. m.
The food of the duck is such as to
require drink while eating. When feed
ing always replenish the water trough
with pure fresh water, as duck while
feeding will take a very few mouth
fuls, then go to the trough for
drink. The amount of feed varies, as
does their growth. The growth should
be about one-half pound week; then
as it increases they require an addi-
tional quantity of food. Feed each
meal what they will eat clean with
relish. 1t is better they should not
have enough than to overfeed them.
Houses for ducks are simple affairs;
they have no furnishing whatever.
duck is differently constituted from a
hen and must be cared for under diff
ferent conditions. The hen needs drier,
warmer surroundings. A duck does
not mind the cold at all if she can
keep her feet warm. Cold feet will
affect a duck as a frozen comb does
a hen, retarding laying and inducing
ailments. Again, the duck cannot
stand the amount of confinement in a
house that hen can, as she is more
restless in disposition. Her ceaseless
motion aids the digestive organs and
keeps her in good health
( There is quite number of different
varieties Of ducks. None stands high
er in popular esteem on the farm than
the White Pekin. They are easily
raised and are considered among the
best for table use. They are very
a
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-09-15
ANIMAL FOOD FOR LAYING HENS.

AS with dairying where the special
purpose COW is the most economical
producer of milk, butter or cheese, so
also with poultry raising is the spe-
cial purpose egg layer the most eco
nomical layer, says a prominent poul-
tryman. In other words, before much
can be accomplished in the way of
large production good individuals are
essential. We must not stop at this,
however. The superior individual
must have the kind of food needed
and plenty of it. The most intensely
bred dairy cow, or the highest devel-
oped egg layer will soon degenerate
into a hopeless scrub if the right kind
of feed and care are withheld.
The hen that is expected to lay
large number of eggs must be pro-
vided with food rich in protein, the
constituent which SO largely enters
into the composition of the egg. Nor
is it merely necessary to supply the
protein in any form that one happens
to have or that may be had at the
latest cost per pound For example,
protein in the form of soy bean meal,
gluten feed and other products, may
sometimes be purchased at lower
cost than that of animal origin, as
blood meal, meat meal, etc.
The hen seems to require more or
less animal food to do her best in the
way OF laying eggs. Our most success
full poultry raiserS are pretty well
agreed on this point. During recent
years, since number of our expert
ment stations have investigated ques-
lions pertaining to successful poultry
raising, we have been getting addi
tional assurance that certain amount
of animal food is essential to large
egg production A recent bulletin from
the Massachusetts Station says on the
point: Judging from our own results
and from those obtained by Wheeler
maine Experiment Station), it seems
safe to conclude that animal albumi-
noids as measured by production pos
sess much higher degree of efficiency
than those derived from vegetable
origin
1t may also be said that cut fresh
bone added to a grain ration rich in
protein will not ordinarily give as good
results as" ration containing meat
meal such as can now be purchased
on most any market. The blood and
meat meals on the market are slaugh
ter house by-products and are rapidly
coming into extensive use as their food
value is being learned.
1t should not be inferred from what
has been said that we would in the
least minimize the value of cut bone.
This is valuable product and may
often be used to great advantage. We
wish. however, to impress upon the
minds of those of our readers who
have never used any of the meat meals
on the market that they make a trial
and feed with every four pounds of
their usual ration one pound of meat
meal. They may also with profit do
little experimenting of their own in
the way of using more or less than the
amount recommended.
Arizona republican., 1908-01-09
SANITARY BoARD.-The livest,

SANt ANY 6OAhD.-Ine llNeStOck sanitary board of the territory has been in session during the last two days but only routine matters have been under consideration. All members are present, the board consisting of M. A. Perkins, of Del Rio. George Pusch of Tucson. O. H. Christy of Phoenix and Captain Carter. secretary.
 BRIEF DOCKET. - Justice Kyle yesterday had before him, Peter Los. charged with having taken a horse belonging to C. Zunig. Upon investigation it was proved to the sat- isfaction of the court that Los had secured possession of the horse in a legitimate way. The animal had been sold for pasturage and Los afterward became the owner of it by purchase. He was discharged and the horse left in his possession. Luges, who had been arrested some time ago by the city police for being drunk, was brought over to Justice Kyle on the charge of having embedded the sum of S5. One Semes had given Luges the money to purchase some necessities of life for him, and Luges promptly went out and spent it for booze. His trial was set for today at 10 o'clock.
Arizona republican., 1908-01-09
WEEK OF PRAYER.-The specia

WEEK OF PRAYER.-The special services at the First Presbyterian church will be continued each evening this week with the exception of Sat- urday, beginning promptly at ': 30 and closing at g.: 30. All who can come and spend the hour will certainly feel an uplift and will help others to feel it as we'll MT. Campbell will speak this evening You are earnestly invited.
 INDIANA VlSITORS.-Misses Eliz- abeth and Clara Comstock arrived here yesterday morning and are stopping at the Hotel Adams. They will probably remain during the remainder of the winter season. They are daughters of Judge D. w. Comstock of the appellate court of Indiana. the judge being an old friend of Governor Kibbey. who met the young ladies at Maricopa.
 RETIRING FROM BUSINESSES announced in another column the AL kire Shoe and Stocking store is pre-. pairing to sell out its stock and ratire from the Mercantile business. The firm has been in business here for fif- teen years, first as dry goods, cloth ing, shoes and general store, and latec , as dealers exclusively in shoes and stockings. The mercantile interests of the city will lose one of the most pro- gressive and foremost firms but the city is in no way to be the loser in a business way, for the Alkire brothers propose to remain here and retain their Investments here. They will en- gage in business but not in a strictly mercantile line and concerning their later activities they are not ready to make announcement. At present the order of the hour is to dispose of their large, well assorted and up-to- date stock. The members of the firm have large individual property interests and have no notion of disposing of them now in the early days of that pros- perity they have struggled so hard in helping to bring about.
Arizona republican., 1908-01-09
A CUTTING AT GRANITE REEF

A telephone message was received at the office of the sheriff yesterday, de- scribing a cutting affray at Granite Reef the night before, in which a knife was wielded with damaging ef- feet by Carlos NuneZ. The name of the victim was Nevadez. Little is known of either of the men except that Nunez is a Chihuahuan and had re- gently arrived from Fl Paso. He fled immediately after the cutting. At last reports the injuries or .Nevadez were said not to he serious.
 WATER MELON GROWERS. - There will be a meeting of the West Side Watermelon growers at the board of trade rooms on Saturday afternoon at half past one o'clock. This asso- citation was organized last year with successful results. There is another association composed of farmers liv- ing east of the city. One of the possi- ble results of the meeting tomorrow will be the consolidation of the two as- sociations.