davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-11-08
By Gise11e D'Unger

foresight and business ability number of times.
In 1884, Ann Bent entered crockery and dry
goods firm.
Miss Emily Ruggles. of Reading Massachusetts,,
a relative of William H. Taft and the late Judge
Alphonso Taft, conducted drygoods store for
goods keeping her books and directing her assistants
She successful merchant. She also engaged
in the real estate business, purchasing lands for in
dlv1duas and corporations. She owned a tract OF
land, laid out streets, and arranged building lots,
showing foresight and business capacity not gen
orally accorded to woman at that period
Rebecca Motto, after the Revolution, met all de-
mands against her husbands estate by purchasing
large tract of rice land on credit, and by industry
and economy paid all demands and accumulated
handsome property.
Woman the pioneer in industrial pursuits,
in the making of straw hats when Miss Betsy
Metcalf discovered the secret of bleaching and
Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1880 and ingeniously
made this braid into a bonnet. A facsimile of this
seven-straw braid bonnet may be seen in the Rhode
Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic
Industry" This method taught by Betsy Metcalf
started the industry of bonnets and hats for
wear which led to the of other pable and similar
material for this purpose.
In 1888 Hannah Davis of Jaffrey New Hamp-
shire, manufactured the first nailed bandbox and
made herself rich
Woman and the Cotton Gin
FROM the straw hat to the calico frock is an easy
transition, and to Mrs. Catherine Greene of Rhode
lutonary fame, is alleged to be due the honor of in
venting the cotton gin. While Eli Whitney received
the credit it is said that account of Mrs Greenes
modesty the patent was not issued to her. as she
feared the criticism of the world and the loss of her
social position. The cotton gin of the great in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-11-08

WIHERE is the theme, the pen must
" be dipped in the rainbow and the pages
dried with the dust of the butterfy's wings"
is Diderots charming tribute to woman; which
should be supplemented by this statement of
Harder, There is nothing, l think, that marks
more decidedly the character of men, or of nations
than the manner in which they treat women" An
other writer has said, If you would know the po-
litical and moral status of people, demand what
place its women occupy" Woman is ever the theme
of artist poet, and historian.
1t is not alone her charm, her beauty her ac-
compishnents that attract the opponents of the
good the true, and the beautiful but her practical
methods in securing competence for her family or
those depending upon her. we'll as herself. A
study of political economy has demonstrated the
fact that woman's capacity mentally and physically,
averages mans capacity.
Modern woman is not the pioneer in the pro-
LESSONS, business, inventions. She had most
distinguished forerunners in many countries as
early, for example. 1000 B. c., when the invention
of spinning attributed Yao wife of the fourth
Emperor of China. The activity, ability and cu-
ture of women of the past compare most favorably
with that of the present Women in medicine law,
literature, science, invention, and warriors on
land and sea have been notably to the front since
centuries ago. They have engaged in industrial
pursuits notably in America since the close of the
Revolutionary War, continuing the business their
husbands had abandoned for the war, and they
proved most successful.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-11-08
Early Days in Nantucket

A T Nantucket, the men returned to whale fishery,
fitting out and manning ships, while their wives
kept the stores. At time all the drygoods
were kept by women who went to Boston semian-
nuay to renew their stock, until capitalists finally
drove them out of trade; and it was resumed only
when the California emigration made it necessary
Nantucket when women managed the business, and
1T IS alleged in later years that Mrs Fowler Wells,
sister of Fowler the phrenoogist saved the business
of her brother and husband from bankruptcy by her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-11-08

LHt TOUT OF LI1t1H Were
off their horses and pet
ting my baby elephant.
1T was then that /
made my worlds record of
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
The old Masters.

/ make more money In day than
Michael Angelo made in month" said
a popular illustrator. "I've been study.
Ing up the wages those old chaps got
1t is amazing.
Michael Angelo was paid $40 a
month while doing the cartoons Of tho
battle Of Pisa, and Leonardo, who help.
ed him, got the same rate. They were
both docked for lateness and Off DAYS,
but there was no overtime allowance.
Corregglo got for his Christ in the Gar.
den $725. Carraccl's Resurrection
only brought the painter $3.50. Albert
Durer for his pen and ink portraits
was not paid in cash. A bag OF flour. 4
hundred oysters, a pair of boots-Durer
would gladly do your portrait on such o
system OF remuneration.
"Rembrandts top notch price was
S4To, He got that for his Night
Watch
"Velasquez worked chiefly for the
Spanish government He was paid at
the average rate of SS5 a picture. Think
of It. Thirty-tve dollars for the 'Roke
by Venus Minneapolis Journal.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
A Marriage Fiction.

The polite fiction obtains that mar
riages are made in heaven. This ro
mantle viewpoint is particularly popu
lar In America, where 1t is held to be
highly improper for parents to make
any move toward securing good hus-
bands for their daughters and immod.
est for girls to manifest any interest
tn the subject themselves.
The conventional theory is that the
matter Is on the knees of the gods and
that In due season husbands will be
provided like mamma In the wilderness
for sustenance OF the faithful. Unfor-
tunateiy this miracle does not always
come OF for every woman. The supply
OF mamma gives out. There are not
enough husbands TO so around. and
these are uneyenly divided Some wom-
en- get three or four, while others get
none. But neither the old maids nor
their parents realize that the reason
that they did not share in the dlspen-
Satlon was their own fault. because
they did not put themselves, as old
fashioned MethodIsts used to say, In an
attitude to receive the blessing.
othy Dix, in Alnslee's.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
Labor of the Horse.

Some one has figured out that it costs
on the average only one-half as much
to feed horse as it does to feed a
man; and that the horse will do ten
times the amount of work that it is
possible for the man to do. If this
estimate is correct, then a dollars
worth Of food given the horse will pro-
duce twenty times as much results as
the same amount of money will If ex-
pended in feed for q man. Therefore,
when man domesticated the horse he
immensely increased his own power of
securing results. When much farm work
is to be done there should always be
enough horses to do it. Farmers try
to economic OH the number of horses
and have to leave much work undone
In the event of hired help being scarce,
1t is sometimes possible to offset this
lack by increasing the number of horses
kept. In some parts of the West and
Northwest, declares the Farmers Re-
view, the scarcity Of help has resulted
in more horses being used. Five are
hitched to double plow, and one driv-
er is thus enabled to turn two burrows
at time and practically double the
work that one man has to do. This is
the result Of the complete utilization of
horsefleSh
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19

that he had short spaces Of rest haC
been wandering around, and at last
found myself close to the main en-
trance. Soon l saw a common soldier
come up to the hall. He was an ex,
ceedingly rough looking specimen. His
clothes were worn and soiled, his boots
outside his trousers, dirty beyond de.
gree You could hardly conceive a more
unfit person to enter that great crowd
He evidently had great desire to see
the President but knew his unfitness to
enter. But 1t was not long before he
mustered courage to push his way un.
| der the cover of others we'll into the
| hall.
Noting the anxious yearning look on
| his face, | became Interested to watch
his movements and note the result II
was not very long before observed
that Mr.. Lincoln had an eye on him
as he chanced to come near the door of
the reception room. Once and aRaIn 7
saw his eye search out this Nsoiled and
bespattered soldier with the most ten.
der look Then came Il more vacant
space between the two. At length Mr..
Lincoln, with an enormous stride and
a long outreachIng arm, advanced.
grasped this soldier by the hand, with
greeting that must have been seen and
heard to be fully understood: Come
forward, my friend; we are all equal
here"
With this hand grasp and welcome
Mr. LincolnS attention was turned else
where but can remember no other In.
cident that thrilled me as did that lit,
tie scene. And the effect OF 1t upon
that soldier--it seemed to transform
him In moment, What d new manll-
ness 1t put into his face and attitude
In few moments he was gone, but It
was plain that from that hour Mr.. Lin.
coin had at least one man In his army
who was ready to give his life to help
MIR, Lincoln save the cause for which
both of them We're tolling and sacri.
hcing And it seemed Mt the moment
that could easily do the same.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19


One of the most potent factors per
haps, that should be considered when
selecting breed for producing eggs
for market is the demand of the mar
ket mt which the eggs are to be dis
posed of, says The Outing Magazine.
Some markets, notably New York City
and cities Immediately adjacent, pre-
fer white-shelled eggs, and the best
trade in these markets will accept none
other. Boston prefers brown eggs, and
pays a substantial premium for them |:
and, taking the country over, the pref
erence is for brown eggs by large
majority. However, in many markets
no preference at all is expressed; in
fact, those just mentioned are practlc.
ally the only markets in which the
color of the egg receives attention to
the extent of influencing prices. Where
there is preference, and whichever
the preference is, one should keep a va
riety of fowls that lay eggs of the pre-
ferred color.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
PREDICT WAR WITH AMERICA.
Venezuelan officials See Only On.
Outcome of Asphalt Row.

Venezuelan officials See Only One
Outcome of Asphalt Row.
War with the United States over
nifty miles Of swamp land is predicted
by leading Venezuelan officials. The
strip was under control of the asphalt
trust until the beginning of the long
series of difficulties that now may end
in contest with America.
All the turmoil, bloodshed, revolution
and international controversies have
their origin In this speck of territory.
Upon Its proper development depends
the wealth of the nation; for 1t Is the
natural outlet for all the resources of a
country so rich in the earth's treasures
that the dreams of Pizarro mlght he
realized 1t was granted to the as
phalt trust with the agreement that It
would be developed. Canals were to he
dug so that the boats could sail up the
river to the gold mines, the silver
mines, the oil wells and the rich coffee
plantations. Railroads were to have
been built One Of the Venezuelan gov
ernment's principal complaints against
the American asphalt trust is that II
never fulfilled any of these promises
All the trust did was to push Its own
boats into the pitch lakes, load them
and take away the valuable natural
product.
The district has remained lmpover
tshed because undeveloped. Its 3.U,l.-
900 people we're poor because they could
not get their wealth sold. The rail-
roads and the canals promised never
materialized Into anything better than
mule caravans and canoes. The Gus.
toms which composed the chief Income
to the national treasury fell off, for the
asphalt was free Of duty
Then the temper OF this mixed race
OF Spanish, negroes, and natives reach
ed the boiling point They hated these
1900 white men and their trust greed
They made life dangerous for the for.
elgners. Suits were filed in the shaI,v
courts of the country to try to get bacl,
the asphalt wealth given away. Castro
found he was fighting the most expert
trust lawyers, men who knew other
tricks besides those of the courts. Reyo-
lutionary leaders took advantage of the
turmoil to start internal troubles, Nv.
erybody in Venezuela believes that the
Matas rebellion was financed by the
trust-and all Venezueans Insist that
1t was Castros duty to the people to
dispossess the trust
Meanwhile this land of wonderful
wealth lies like shining diamond In a
hill of sand. Its Brazil wood, coral
trees, Indigo, rubber, bananas remain
In the forest Its gold and silver and
copper and marble and granite are still
In the earth, valueless to Venezuela and
the commercial world
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
Loss Of Fertility by Leachinx,


Land kept constantly as garden
loses much of its fertility by teaching.
A clover rotation Is the best preventive
of this. There should be at least two
or three garden spots on each farm
kept rich enough so that one years ex-
ira manuring will bring it into the
finest possible condition for garden
truck. Ii farmers could always plant
gardens on two-year clover sod they
would raise better crops and with less
stable manure and other fertilizers
than they now require. The clover
does much more than furnish green
manure to ferment in the soil. Its
roots reach down into the subsoil, thus
not only saving and bringing to the
surface plant food that would other
wise be wasted, but also by enlivening
the subsoil, allowing the roots of crops
to go deeper. Glover sod to begin with,
II well enriched, Is best for such crops
as cucumbers and melons, that are al
ways most likely to suffer from
drought 1t is quite impossible to make
good garden crop unless the land has
previously been enriched by series of
heavy manurings. The fertility lost by
teaching must be constantly renewed.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
Mea.uring LAND br weirht.

The area of any piece of land, no
matter how irregular the boundary
lines, may be accurately ascertained by
means of a delicate balance as follows !:
Make drawing of the plat of ground
on pastebeard TO given scale, say 4
square rods to / inch. Cut from some
part of the sheet of pasteboard a piece
exactly | inch square, which repre-
sents one acre, or square rods. Also
cut out the plat as drawn. Weigh the
square and the plat The number of
times the weight of the square is con-
tained in the weight of the plat indi-
Gates the area of the land. For exam
pie, IL the square which represents one
acre weighs 20 grains. and the plat
weighs 240 grains, then the plat con-
tains twelve acres.-Scientiic Ameri.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
1890 -Mahomet II. besieged Constants

, i190-Mahomet II. besieged CONSTANT.
| nople.
l57S-William Harvey discoverer of the
circulation of the blood, born.
/ l64AMaisonneuve defeated the Iroquois
at the Place d'Armes. Montreal.
l785-Field Marshal Viscount Hardinge,
an early governor general of India
born in England.
1S06-Joseph Bonaparte made King Of
the Two Sicilies.
lS14-Napoleon Bonaparte sent in exile
to island of Elba.
1888 Treasury buildings at Washington
destroyed by fire.
lS43-Sir Charles Metcalfe appointed
governor of Canada.
lS47-Covent Garden theater, London,
opened for Italian opera.
lS54-Commercial treaty concluded with
Japan by Commodore Perry of the
United States navy.
lS55-Planet Circe discovered by M.
Chacornac.
lS56-Treaty of Paris, ending the
Crimean war.
lS5S-British force under Sir Hugh Rose
defeated the Indian mutineers and
took the city of Jhansi.
lS62-Gen Albert S. Johnston of the
Confederate army killed at Shiloh.
Born 1903.
1S65-Confederat evacuated Richmond.
-. Federal troops occupied Rich
mond, Va. United States transport
General Lyon burned with great loss
of life.
lS66-First national encampment Of the
G. A. R. met at Indianapolis. II.
Spanish feet bombarded Valparaiso,
Chile.
l867-United States bought Alaska from
Russia for $7,20O,0OO.
lS6S-Uniform postage rate of 8 cents
per letter adopted throughout Can.
ada.
lSS5-Battleford, in Saskatchewan, be.
sieged by Indians.
1S91-Baron Fava, Italian minister to
the United States, recalled.
1S9S-China leased Wei-Hai-Wei to
Great Britain.
l902-Large section of Atlantic City de.
stroyed by fire.
1905 Explosion in a cartridge factory at
Bridgeport, Conn.,, resulted in
number of deaths. !. Simplon tunnel
formally opened
A. Busse. Republican, elected
Mayor of Chicago.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
0~~~O~oNoN~

Supt. Maxwell of the New York CITY
Board of Education, in his annual report
urges the formation of a department OF
school hygiene. Such department, he
thinks, should be under the direction Of
medical man, who would rank as an
associate superintendent, and who should
have a sufficient number of physicians to
examine all the children in the publis
schools at least once a year, and a suffi.
cient number of nurses to visit tho
homes of sick children and to care foB
slight ailments in school. He says that
New York is the noisiest city in the
world and that children lack a proper
amount of sleep Owing to crowded
quarters in the tenements and in some
OF the public schools as well many chill.
dren are crippled by lowered vitality, de
fective sight, defective teeth and other
evils, many of which could be overcome
The report says that there are 15S. .466
pupils in the schools over normal age : in
other words. they are backward in thei,
lessons because of physical defects.
The. National Civic Federation ha,
made arrangements to send 500 or NOR.
public school teachers next fall to Eng.
land, Scotland, ireland and the contS
nent to inspect the system of teaching and
school methods generally in foreign coup.
tries. This idea was suggested by ths
success of a similar expedition of Ems
lish teachers to the United States in
1866. The teachers who make thi,
trip will have an opportunity to exam
Inc at FIRST hand what is being done fo,
children abroad, both in the common
schools and in the special schools. Presi
dent Nicholas Murray Butler of Coluu,
bia university has been appointed chair
man of an advisory committee to carr,
the plan through. In this connection Il
may be noted that Mr.. Butler has az
cepted the invitation of the Uniyersit,
of Copenhagen to deliver three lecture.
there next September. the subject MARE,
of the lectures to be Some Aspects az
American Civilization" He will leav,
for Denmark in August, returning /,
time for the opening of college next fall
Chancellor Dewitt c. Huntington a
the Nebraska Wesleyan university =,
Lincoln has rendered his resignation. ana
1t was accepted By the board Of trustae.
with the understanding that ChanceIlo,
Huntington shall remain until the end d
the school year
At Chippewa Falls Wis, Supt. Swarh
ordered the members of the Greek lette,
fraternity Alpha Delta Omega to disbanS
the organization or suffer expulsion from
school. He declared that no secret or
ganization of pupils would be tolerated
The members promised to heed the warn
inx.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
RRRa C4sZRo or HENEzOFI, a
zUNI INDIAN BASKETS.
Made by Expert Women and CoIored
to Suit Intended Use

| ~ ANAPSEt women ana COlOFed
to Suit Intended Use.
1he Zuni Indians make great use of
DasKets especially in connection with
grinding -four. They commonly employ
Tor this purpose coiled baskets which
they obtain by trade from the Apache
ana P1ute, and value highly. They,
themselves, manufacture wicker bas.
Kets which are not much esteemed. The
industry is entirely confined to women,
Ihey employ an awl of deer bone, and
use some six kinds of willow, which
they make into circular trays and
oowls, tsi-lai. One kind, salt willow, Is
USED for baskets to hold paper bread In
the house, the willow giving 1t a salt
naVor, and another kind, Smooth"
willow, for baskets to hold bread al
meals; white and yellow willow bas
kets are used for corn meal: those OF
red willow as colanders for WASHING
wheat and hominy, and those of max.
tsll-tsl as sieyes for wheat and beans
White willow baskets are painted with
white clay, stained red, yellow or blacb
with native dyes or now dyed with
aniline dyes, for use in dances. Either
white willow, or all the different kind,
OF willow mixed together, are employed
Tor this purpose. Sacred baskets tina.
ll-nai, are used to hold plume sticks
and masks.
The women have dance in the fall
called Ahyuna, in which they use bas
kets painted with different colors. II
Is said that the name Is Pima. and that
the dance, which is to secure rain. was
brought to Zuni not many years ago BY
two old men who visited the Pima with
Mr. Cushing An inverted painted bas.
ket, corresponding with the box OF
gourd resonator of the Hopi, is put
under the notched stick, ki-wi-a-nan.
nal, which is scraped with stick a;
an accompaniment to dances
The ZIni also manufacture small
globular baskets Of salt willow in
which they collect locusts used as food i
ahhlers TO carry peaches, melons, GU
cumbers and other fruit are made OF
red willow. Twilled baskets of Yucca
similar to those seen at other puebIos
are used to dip up salt from the Salt
lake. The art of making these bas,
kets, which are called ho-tsi-lal, was
learned from Acoma. The Zuni als1
make a rectangular twilled tray of the
same material, with an edge Of cedar
or oak, which they use to put paper
bread on, or to lay long plume sticks
or Images upon at the yellow and blue
corn dances. Swallowing sticks were
formerly placed upon such trays at the
Stick-swallowlng dance.
The Zuni formerly had number Of
Did cotled globular and jar-shaped has.
kets, the origin of which is not def.
1ltely known. The pitch-covered water
bottles, which they use come from the
White Mountain Apache or the Navajo
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19
SEEING LINCOLN IN 1868.

How n Private soldier Attended a
White House Reception.
II was In the spring of 1863, when |
was stopping for a while In Washing
ton, says a contributor 10 the Boston
Transcript attended, one day. re-
ception At the White House. The
rooms were, of course, crowded with
officers OF the army, legislators and rep
resentatives of foreign courts In great
abundance. MIR Lincoln held his re-
eeptions I'm the blue room, opposite the
main entrance. For long time the
passage to him was crowded, but later
the crowd thinned out about him.. SO
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1908-06-19

idea as to how the gate is made. The
two uprights and the cross-piece on the
top are of locust. All the rest is of
cedar. Parts of the smaller branches
have been left on the pieces that go to
hll up the gate. A gateway like this
would not prove effective against pigs
or chickens, but would turn larger ami
mails. 1t is not only cheap and dur
able, but decidedly attractive. because