The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-29

Tne war had progressed far enough to reduce the military emergency of the Confederacy to the generalship of be developed in handling the Army of Tennessee. In this determinate situa- tion. the armies. everywhere, and the whole population of the Confederacy, were re-animated by the publication of the following brief announcements ''Headquarters Army of Tennessee,
 Dalton, Dec 2s, 1863.
 By order of His Excellency, the President, I have the honor to assume command of this army.
 "J. E. Johnston,
 General
 That was all; 1t was enough.
 No man nursing spark of the mar tial fire in his bosom, could see Gen eral Johnston without emotion of con- fidence and pride. He never rode along the line or among the tentless camps. night or day, rain or shine, that the one loud and long huzza of devoted troops failed to declare his presence. (Pfivate letters, etc, from camp.) The officer who even approx imated the standard of a soldier in bearing, appeared to advantage in the beautiful Confederate uniform, of the Generals rank. But here was an of- ficer born. He was bred a gentleman, N4AN6NOo Q cOA0tEEs anu 6o bHC SCHtA- ment of the man fitted the uniform in its refined and delicate distinctions even as the sartorial art shaped the gray, the blue, the bun and the gold to the outlines of the manly figure. The inspiring battle flag of the Con- fedacy and the beautiful uniform of the general officers remain to attest forever the culture of the people and the dignity of the government. When
 
 the village of Appomattox. to surren- der to General Grant, in person, he wore new uniform with white buck skin gauntlets and gold spurs, the uniform present from ladies In Bal ttmore. He sent Traveller" on the way at full gallop. to and from the meetings. So when his veterans saw him last, through tear bedimmed eyes, they saw their government in its fall, symholized by the highest type of its manhood. clothed in the insignia of it's sovereignty and when history tells the tale let these incidents of the hour be written down for sage of the virtue they represented. We have upon the canvas General Bonaparte at the bridge, General Washington crossing the Delaware, Farargut lashed to the mast. The artist has a richer theme than any in the various connected in- cidents leading to the surrender of the Confederate generals. beginning with the meeting of President Lincoln with Grant and Sherman on the steamer at City Point, Va. where he instructed them in the historical terms they act ually made. Under those terms. be it said' the parole of the soldier restored nlm, absolutely a free citizen, to the laws of his State. Under the terms Lincoln prescribed, no United States garrisons were contemplated for the southern States. The secession gov ernors and the secession courts and secession Legislatures of every State of the Confederacly. were by Iincoln's proclamation of April 12, 1865, to re- main in full authority, subject to "the supreme law of the land" the Consti- tuition of 17S7. Garrisoned State cap- itals, forfeited State governments of the south, were no part of the terms of abandonment of the Confederate cause; nor could such conditions have been imposed on Lee and Johnston without an awful sequel to tragedy in the army. Reconstruction" was no part Of the solemn guarantees of Lin coin to the soldiers.
 At the date of General Johnston's accession to command, at Dalton. con ditions had arisen in the United States very alarming to President Lincoln and many wise and prudent men of that country. The war relatively as to the combatants. had rested lightly there. The United States war expense was more than a million dollars a day Tn money made at paper mills. This almost tncalculable outlay of cash was distributed in the trade of that peo- pie. Recruits for the army of about 100000 men were largely drawn from Ireland and Germany. direct, and from yNIa nka The pay and clothing and rations of the army, aud the bounty in Western land and cash, were never failing. Nevertheless, by December, 1863, there was general feeling among all classes of weariness of war. This feeling was pronounced and the expression given to 1t resulted in large numbers of mill itary arrests of citizens of tho first standing. Some authorities give the arbitrary military arrests of citizens in their homes at 38,000. It is certain that such men as General Fremont Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P Chase. Winter Davis, Charles Sumner, Horace Greedy, anixously resisted the movement to re-elect Lincoln. These were all original Republicans. Not a Democrat avowed confidence in the war. Under the lead of the most pop ular of all> generals, Mcclellan, Dem ocrats denounced the war as an ig- noble failure. Miss Tarbel says of Lincoln at this crisis: Day by day he grew more haggard, the lines on his face deepehed. it became ghastly gray in color, sometimes he would say, I shall never be glad again Asso- ciate Justice Curtis of the then Fed eral Court, says: During the whole war the Lincoln Government was rare- ly aided but was usually impeded by the decisions of the Supreme Court. so that President Lincoln was obliged to suspend the writ of habeas corpus in order to relieve himself of the rul- ings of the court" General Grant says: "Vast numbers in the North were hostile to the war Troops (sic) were necessary in the North to prevent pris- oners from the Southern Army being | released, armed and set free by out side force.' The outside force" was comprised of citizens of the States | which contained the military prisons. General Logan in his work gives graphic account of a memorable meet ing at the home city of the President. Springfield. H.. in June. 1S63 He was a Democrat himself in the Congerss of 1860-61, and on the floor spoke en- couragingly of the South. In his book. p. 55I, written after the war, when he was a rampant Republican, he says 100000 anti-war Democrats attended the meeting for the purpose of de- nouncing the President and the war. Recruiting the army by volunteers ceased and the draft took effect. The draft was openly resisted in Pennsvl- vania and elsewhere. Secretary stan ton ordered Gen. Benjamin F. Butler to take 5000 New England troops 10 rf nF