The Monte Vista journal., 1908-09-05
The Direct Primary
Nomination Movement
BY Edward P. costis.n IN clay's Review Denver

Great in many ventures, alike Of
war and peace, the trainers of the
United States constitution were in no
respect greater than In this: That
they were both among the seers and
molders of the worlds vastest self-gov-
erning movement. Considered as an
isolated fact, the Federal constitution
Is a compromise Of singular radicalism
and weighty conservatism. Examined
as . product Of the days preceding
the famous Revolution.
when France in wrath her giant
limbs upreared.
And with an oath that smote earth,
sky and sea
Stamped her strong foot and swore
she would be free"
1t is marvelously progressive docu
ment. Indeed, 1t would, perhaps, shock
some present-day Americans, who are
accustomed to term Alexander Hamil-
ton as an ultra conservative, to real
lie that measured by his time, Hamil-
ton advocating merely the popular
election Of the lower house Of Con-
gress. was more essentially Demo-
cratic figure than is that citizen who
, today shrinks from the trial OF direct
detrimental way, Of the initiative and
referendum. Yet is this not in fact
very moderate statement? In Amer
lea. In 1876. while the more immedi-
ate precedents Of liberty loving sort.
outside Of the experience OF the colo
MES themselves, were those Of Eng
land they were tied up with numerous
complexities of autocratic fiction and
aggression. The most inspiring prece-
dents for popular self.goyernment then
available were. in truth, to be found
In historic Greece. Those precedents
lay buried In an antiquity OF two thou
sand years: they had ruled but q lin.
tied area. either OF space or time;
They were allied with and in a sense
founded on the deplorable practice OF
human slavery; they persisted In their
pride, and bore with them to the tomb
all save the glory OF mind, spirit and
inextinguishable tradition.
Today. In contrast, we boast con.
tinental breadth OF republican life:
nation spread in liberty and power
from one to the other Of the worlds
greatest seas; almost half q hundred
sovereign states united In q sovereign
nationality; and behind us the accom-.
plished fact Of one hundred and TWEEN
ty years Of constitutional self-govern.
Went.
Direct Primary Experiments.
Twenty Of those years have fol-
lowed . notable revolt against the
purchase and theft Of general cleo
lions. That revolt began with the In.
PRODUCTION In Massachusetts In 1883,
and has included since the practical
universal adoption OF the Australian
secret ballot: and through almost ten
Of those twenty years Ito call only
part Of the rolD We have been per.
mitted to measure the results OF the
trial. either under state laws or par.
~ rules. OF direct primary nomina.
lions In such commonw ealths as Min.
nesota, Oregon. Illinois. Wisconsin.
Alabama. Arkansas. Georgia. Ken
lucky. Louisiana. Mississippi. South
Carolina. Tennessee. Texas. Virginia,
and more recently Oklahoma, Kansas,
Iowa. Missouri and Washington.
Within few years-as part. no doubt.
OF the same general trend OF life and
thought-more than thirty state Legis-
latures with solemn Formally have
expressed themselves affIrmatively In
behalf OF the election Of United States
senators by direct vote OF the people:
and within the bounds Of the consti
tuition. the people OF Iowa. Oregon and
Kansas have recently undertaken, and
the people OF Wisconsin soon will en-.
deavor to impress In advance their
choice for United States senators on
the respective state Legislatures on
which the formal selection Is legally
imposed. The popular sclfassertion
thus revealed recalls with force that
historic sequence Of events through
which the people Of the United States
have swept aside. except In name. the
Constitutions Electoral College, and
have taken to themselves. In all save
form, the right Of direct popular elec.
ton Of the President Of the republic.
And the end is not yet. II IL apparent
that the river Of eQualixing human
life and opportunity. rising from tho
Middle Ages with the discovery Of
America. draws ever nearer tho uni.
versal ocean Of self.govcrning democ.
racy.
satisfactory Results.
But what have been the results Of
the direct primary nomination expert.
menti Remembering always that any
popular law II only an opportunity,
and that it, mere letter will kill. un.
less the spirit Of the people keep Il
alive. remembering also the resist.
ancs Of tho corruption and intrigue
attempted to be shorn by the direct
primary systcm-we should not be
surprised at bitter criticism. and even
Ct the occasional failure OF laws Grip.
pied BY adroit political hostility. Al.
verse criticism there has. In fact, been.
but Il 10 doubtful whether any signal
failure has yet received the record Of
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