davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1908-03-22

most OF the rivers which flow into the
Black Sea there are many primitive saw
mills, only a few OF which are equipped
with steam engines. The logs are drag
ged down the mountain side by horses
and oxen. and RATED down the Boil Su
20 the mills. where they are sawed into
lumber for shipment 20 ConstantinOple or
other parts OF Turkey. Lumber is trans
ported on the Black Sea usually in sail
ing vessels
Peculiar wandering tribes. who in win
ter house themselves and their focks
in timber huts. have done considerable
harm to the forests of Asia Minor, espe-
cialiy in the viIayet OF Smyrna. IL or
der 10 obtain the necessary logs, or poles.
for building their huts. they help them
selves to any unprotected timber in the
neighborhood Shepherds attending fiocks
are also wasteful OF timber. building fires
Qf whatever trees are at hand.
Effects of Forest Depletion.
The disappearance Of the forests in this
country. especially In the vilayet Of
Smyrna, has been marked by greater
degrees OF heat and cold. The date palm
has practically become extinct in these
parts. In the winter and spring there
are usually foods, which are destructive
10 life, property. and crops. In the sum-
mer there is not sufficient moisture in
the soil OF many districts. for the reason
that the rain passes away az once down
woodless ravines. without being absorbed
by the ground.
AS n result large tracts have become
sterile. Creeks and brooks which for
merly retained considerable water. even
in the heat Of summer, are now COM
pletely dried up a few weeks after the
spring rains. These same creeks and
brooks are becoming deeper each year
by the process Of foods. SO that not only
is the surface Of the country greatly dis
figured. but no bridges can be built strong
enough to withstand the annual rush OF
waters. K thus becomes impossible 10
get the crops and fruits 10 market az the
proper time
Crop failures and famine in Asia Minor
may therefore be traced 20 the lack Of
forests The past year serves as "A good
example The rains OF January 1907
We're the heaviest known IN this vilayet
during several seasons. The floods every
where in the Hermus and Meander val
leys were greater than for forty years.
Cold weather set In soon afterward. and
for three weeks the thermometer stood
at degrees Fahrenheit above zero. The
unpicked orange crop ripe at that time,
was destroyed. and the effects are being
felt this season by a great shortage in
oranges. Nearly every pepper tree In
this vilayet was killed
There is a grain famine throughout
Asia Minor. and wheat and barley, ordi-
narily products Of export from this villa
yet, are not now allowed 10 be sent out
Of the country. In other words a coun-
try which usually produces not only suf-
ieIent grain for its own use. but large
quantities for export is now compelled
to purchase these products in the mar
kets OF other countries
The Washington herald., 1908-03-22

and Is therefore, a splendid material Tor
facing where ornamental finish is desired.
"One. feature about bricks is their use
in bulk; that is to say. in walls from
twelve inches TO twenty inches thick. this
making a very effective fire stop.
Iron and steel. which may be consid-
cred as the building material Of the pres
ent and the future. at least in all but
ordinary-size buildings. although abs ITO
Withstand considerable high temperature
without melting. will lose their strength
at a comparatively low temperature,
while also possessing the bad features OF
high conductiyity and considerable eX-
pansion under heat, the two latter fea-
lures working together 10 the disadvan-
tage Of this material where exposed TO
severe heat.
Iron MeIfs nj 1000 Degrees.
in figures. cast iron will melt between
1900 TO 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and steel
between 2.s70 and $500 degrees. At tenn
perature of about LOO degrees. maintain
ed from about thirty minutes TO one hour.
both metals will show serious impairment
In strength. AZ a temperature OF 1000 de-
grees a bar OF iron ten feet long viii ex-
pand in length about four-Afths Of an
inch
Terra Gotta is clay baked in shape Of
hollow blocks frequently made in molds.
and is used principally for ornamental
work or a protecting medium Of iron or
metal against heat, or for both OF these
purposes; also used in floor arches. II is
made in two varieties. the dense or hard
and the porous type. Il has little strength
structurally, but has a high resistance
power 10 heat and A very Low conductive
ity. and when properly applied forms an
almost indestruc;ible material and is of
great value for protecting structural steel
work in buildings.
"Of late years concrete has been largely
used, both for fireproofng In place OF ter
ra Gotta and for structural work in place
OF masonry, brick. iron, and steel: and
is asserted. on the one hand TO be the
most freproof substance that can be used.
and on the other hand 20 possess no
practical value as a fire retardent. Be
tween these extremes It's true value un-
questiOnably lies
Concrete is a coed FIRE resistant, and.
while inferior 10 terra Gotta when exposed
20 long, severe heats AS a fire resistant
this fact would appear 10 be compensated
for by absence Of joints which are a
weak point in terra Gotta OF the various
types Of concrete, cindeT concrete suffers
least from severe heat. but its value IN
this respect as a protection for steel and
iron is somewhat Offset by the apparent
destructive action Of cinders IN concrete
on steel and iron with which it comes In
contact"
The Washington herald., 1908-03-22
GERMANY'S GREAT GROWTH.
Berlin Has 0utdistanced Chicago.
Points of Superiority.

We think Chicago a miracle: but since
1870, observes a writer in the Atlantic
Monthly. Berlin has grown relatively and
absolutely faster than Chicago. the Great
or Berlin having to-day a population az
over 100000. Thirty years ago the popu-
lation Of Leipzig was less than 10 900.
to-day it is more than half a million
Hamburg then had almost precisely the
same population as Boston; to-day al
though BOston's growth his been so great
Hamburg, with more than 10000 people.
is larger than Boston: the growth OF her
commerce has been vastly greater. and
her docks and port facilities are incom-
parably finer-mOdels commended 10 Bos-
ton for imitation at this very moment by
an expert commission. The Hamburg
American Line and the North German
Lloyd are the largest steamship COM
panies in the world. larger than any
English companies. the former having
more than $50 ocean steamers in its serv-
ice. The great railway stations are the
finest in Europe. incomparably superior
to those in the great English cities. The
finest of them all as yet the new union
station now building at Leipzig. will cost
s95 100000
The University Of Berlin IS planning a
special department devoted 20 the wise
and beautiful laying out Of cities, with
provision for making the lectures avail
able to the directing municipal officials Of
Germany. In industrial and technical
education. from top to bottom, Germany's
achievements are far ahead OF England,
as she is in so much ahead of us. Il is
by science that she has pushed her way
to industrial supremacy in so many fields;
that she has captured the chemical indus
tries OF Europe. and in so large degree
the electrical industries, and that she is
distancing or crowding England and our
selves in the markets of the world
The Washington herald., 1908-03-22
FINDS SUN HAS ORBIT.
Goes Around II, Says Astronomer,
Once in 25.528.6s2 Years.

Once in 25.s2B.BS2 Years.
Bethlehem, Pa. March 2l.-Charles II
Bytel. an instructor at Nazareth Hail.
Nazareth. and an astronomer OF note.
has come forward with an astronomical
hypothesis that is already attracting at
tention OF astronomers and observatories
in many parts Of the world. Prof Byters
declaration is contrary 10 the long-estab-
llshed contention that the sun is notion
less. He declares he has established the
fact that the sun has a true orbitaI mo-
ton. He has arrived at this conclusion
after many months OF hard labor and re-
search. and combines his deductions un-
der the caption OF Procession Of the
eQuinoxes."
According TO Prof. ByteIs hypothesis.
the procession of eGuinoxes is not caused
by the moon. sun. and planets attraction
on the equatorial protuberances Of the
earth's surface. but it is directly due to
the original impulse impaired by the
suns proper motion.
His achievement lies in the fact that
ne has discovered the laws and rules by
which IT can be proved that our lumlnary
has true orbital motion from east to
west Of .137s2n5Ol6SS5SS76 seconds of arc
per day. while our planets revolution
around the sun is from west to east
The new laws and rules apply 10 all the
planets and their satellites. and the the
ory admits of an exact mathematical
demonstration. With the aid OF these
laws he has computed the suns daily
angular velocity and the period OF revo-
luton which is almost 1896 $50 days, or
., I2s, ,eS2 solar years.
Prof. Bytel is a linesl descendant Of
Heinrich Bytel. who was a noted mis-
sionary. and has been a school teacher
and professor of music for forty-five
years. Rev. Dr. Lyman Abbott IS a
former German pupil of his. Prof Bytel
IS siXty-two years old
The Washington herald., 1908-03-22
NEW CLUB A MODEL
MetrOpOlitan's Building Re-
ceiVeS Much Praise.
COMPLETE IN EVERY DETAIL

Structure Designed by New York
Architects and Constructed by
fion 10 Beautiful Buildings of This
City-Description of Interior.
The Washington herald., 1908-03-22

considerable business is carried on with
commercial paper. stocks and bonds
form a part Of this collateral. and in 9TH
er cases notes bear the names OF re-
sponsible indorsers. National banks do
not loan upon real estate or mortgages.
this branch % business being carried on
by trust companies. savings banks, and
building and loan associations.
Mixing OF Banking Lines.
The trust companies and most OF the
savings banks Of Washington carry on
commercial banking, their houses being
located where they naturally command
a volume OF such deposits. on bona fide
savings the savings banks pay 3 per cent
interest. The trust companies pay per
cent on check deposits. the latest one
formed paying , per cent on longtime
loans a larger interest is paid. and trust
companies invest money for their patrons
In various forms Of dividend and interest
paying investments.
The trust companies as rule carry on
a savings department similar TO a savings
bank. and most OF them have a special
safe deposit department, a feature which
has been adopted by some Of the national
banks. 10 the extent Of furnishing special
lockers for stocks. bonds, and negotiable
paper.
Tends To n Common Type.
In washington. as in al parts OF the
country in the large commercial cities.
the banking business tends 10 a common
type. Of many departments. and a variety
OF functions which would not have been
dreamed OF at an earlier day The COM
plexities Of modern business have forced
upon financial institutions many things
which would once have been regarded
as dangerous Innovations II probably
costs twice or three times as much to
carry on a bank now as IL did in 1850
The volume OF business iS greater ac-
counting has changed. and while II Is
now easter. with the card index. the add
Ing machine. the lOOsc-leafed ledger, the
multiple file. il is also more costly. Old,
dingy. and sometimes dirty bank build
ings have given place &c marble palaces
clean. white. blazing with electricity on
a dark day. and fitted out with every
conceivable means Of comfort Cor patrons
and visitors. The modern bank Is not only
a safe place for the deposit Of money, but
il IS a convenient and luxurious once for
the transaction Of business. Its lobby is
a busy scene during business hours. where
business men meet and converse. ex-
change the news OF the day. greet
acQuaintances. and feel the pulse OF the
commercial world.
The Washington herald., 1908-03-22
RAPID GROWTH OF
WASHINGTON BANKS

Continued from Page One.
The Washington herald., 1908-03-22
Girl TeIegraphers I'm India.

Acting upon the recommendation OF the
telegraph committee, the Indian govern
ment has just authorized the employment
Of women operators.
The candidates must be between eight
cen and thirty years Of age, and they
must be unmarried OF widows They must
undergo a training of twelve months in
the telegraph training classes. during
which time, says Harpers Weekly, they
will receive $3.50 month, the same al
lowance that is drawn by male learners.
Selected candidates OF. leaving the train
ing classes will be on probation for one
year. Upon appointment they will re-
ceive salaries varying from $40 to s26 s.,
which are very large upon the scale OF
living expenses in India. There viii be
pensions. with no liability TO transfer:
brt resignation will be compulsory in the
event OF marriage.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

A baby buggy for twins is on
exhibition in the window of the
Independent Furniture Company.
This particular one goes to Bob
Walsh but another one has been
ordered and will be given to the
parents of the first pair Of twins
born on the town site. +. {. Paist
says it is a splendid chance to
save the expense for this very
necessary article of furniture. He
particularly requests that you do
not all speak at once as he will
only give away one buggy and
that to the first applicant.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

The rubbing of main light
wire upon a branch of tree wore
out its insulation covering last
Monday night and set the current
to doing all sorts of queer stunts
by short circuiting whenever the
wind brought the green wood in
to contact with the exposed wire.
Telephone wires running through
the same tree received a share OF
each shock. The city electrician
and the phone lineman located
the trouble and put a stop to it.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19


One feature of the Fourth OF
July celebration that will attract
much attention will be the
awarding of fine furniture pres
ent by the Independent Furniture
Company to the first couple who
will agree to celebrate their
wedding at the store of that Com
pany, the ceremony to be public
and occur on the Fourth. In or
der to secure the furniture the
couple will be required to register
at the Company's parlors their
willingness to earn the premium
and the first to so register will be
given the prize. Now do not all
speak at once.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Lou Wilson met a serious acci.
dent at the stone quarry last
Monday. He had part of load
OF stone on his wagon and in
starting the team the wagon was
overturned with Wilson under
meath. The brake beam struck
his leg. badly laeerating it. but
probably saving his body from
being crushed. As it was he suf
fered the fracture Of three ribs.
but was lucky to escape with his
life.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

A representative OF The News
PAPER made . trip to Bowie Sun.
day going up on the north side Of
the river and returning on the
south. The orchards on both
sides of the river are loaded with
fruit. Peaches galore. The only
way a larger crop could be had
would be by having more trees.
tor those now ia the orchards are
certainiy full to the limit Of fruit.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Judge Osboldstone remembered
The NEWSPAPER Tuesday with =
great big basket of great big
strawberries from his up-nver
fruit farm. II there is anything
The NEWSPAPER likes better than
strawberries il is more straw
berries. These particular berries
were exceptionally fine and from
last years planting.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

The editor was absent all the
fore part of the week attending
the democratic state convention
at Glenwood. leaving the subs to
their own devices in making the
"fillin" for this issue and that ac-
counts for the whichness of the
wherefore.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Ifyour Power spray outfit goes
back on you and you want il fixed
IN a hurry. phone the Reliance
Machine Works. Both phones.
Coop. No. 60. Colo. Paonia 4.
All calls answered promptly.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

A. c. Van Deren, Frank Gregg
and another gentleman. all of
Boulder. arrived in Paonia last
Saturday and spent a few days
looking over the valley. All are
likely to return and become citi-
zens in the near future.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Mrs. Goss, of Los Angeles. CAL,
who has been visiting Mrs. Frank
Curtiss left tor her home last
Tuesday morning Mrs. Curtiss
ACCOMPANIED her as far as Delta.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Friends Of Mrs. E. E. Bryan
gave her a surprise party Monday
in honor of her birthday. Re-
freshments were served and .
jolly time enjoyed.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

The Peoples Meat Market just
received q large invoice of Hams.
Bacon, etc.. at the lowest prices
and best quality.
PHIL EIsENKRAMER, Prop.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Arsenate of Lead F. o. B.
Paonia. A Big Saving Guaranteed.
Phone or write the Hotchkiss
Fruit Company at Hotchkiss.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

The three children of Mrs.
Alice Farmer, who have been
staying at the state home in Den
yer, arrived from that city last
Monday to remain with their
mother.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

All kinds OF conveyance papers
quickly and promptly prepared.
abstracts of title furnished on
short notice. See c. c. HAWKINS.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Misses Alma Stump and Ze-
nobia Thomson left for Mont
rose Tuesday morning to attend
the Epworth League convention.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Arsenate of Lead F. o. b.
Paonia. A Big Saving Guaranteed.
Phone or write the Hotchkiss
Fruit Company at Hotchkiss.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Eagle Brand Arsenate of lead is
the best. Stays in suspension
longer than any other brand Get
it at Nelson Bros. Fruit Co.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Every day increases the esti-
mates on our fruit crop.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Mrs. Baetjer left on Tuesday
mornings train for Glenwood
Springs where she will join her
husband.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Though not needed for crops, a
little rain to settle the dust in the
roads would be appreciated.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Losr-M. w. A watch chain.
]. A. PoUNDsToNE.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

See Welborn,s Balloon .4sce,si0n
July zst, End and Sd.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19
LOCAL ITEMS.

Last Sunday was flag day. Di'
you forget it?
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Big Balloon ascension at Vel
born's. Prize eiuen free.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

We sell fire insurance policy
that assures. CLINE & Hurry.
The newspaper., 1908-06-19

Fine New Spuds at
WOODS GROCERY & BAKERY.
The San Francisco call., 1908-09-06

more terrible destroyer than all tht
warfare OF the SANG period.
It is as native of Persia and the East
Indies that the migratory rat first
gets a place in history's pages. and it
is not until the eighteenth century
that he makes his debut in Europe.
The rat got a good start in Europes
and throve immensely for a time, but
then came a widespread famine.
To a large degree the rat had been
responsible for the wasting OF the food
sources, for he had in his greed de-
voured the crops of the field. and his
fcuIness had spread disease among the
cattle.
Having spoiled one favorite haunt.
The San Francisco call., 1908-09-06

the rat began to spread all over the
world. The famous crossing of the
volga In 1927 is an incident thoroughly
authenticated.
Millions OF rats swan over the river
into Europe Twenty-three years later
they made their appearance in Prussia.
and three years later the French king
dom was made the unwelcome host of
the rodents
Even at that early stage Paris was
aroused to the dangers of the rat in
vasion, and met the newcomers with
determined warfare. Within week
more than 10000 rats were slain, but
still they kept coming in countless
numbers.
The San Francisco call., 1908-09-06

Unless an international Pied
Piper OF F4amelin can be found
to lead ali the rats into the
sea the entire human race may
become their victim.
The high authority of noted French
scientist. Dr. A Calmette OF Paris,
hacks this assertion.
The increasing number Of rats. the
marvellous hardihood with which they
survive long journeys, their pernicious
and perilous tendency to carry disease
are all given as reasons for the uni
versal warfare now planned on rodents.
1t will not be with the dulcet strains
OF a piper that the rodents will be
Iured to their doom. as on another oc-
oasion noted in history. Science is
practical and believes that poison prop
eriy administered is a good deal more
eficscious than music to wipe out a
pest.
The offering of bounties on rat tails.
the adoption of methods to keep them
from travelling from point to point on
ships and railroads cars. and the en-
plpyment of professional rat killers all
over the world are some of the meth
DDS by which the pests will be wiped
out.
II is now becoming nothing uncom-
mon for cities to inaugurate rat kill
ing campaigns as means of putting
an end 80 plaques.
The recent case of san Francisco is
an excellent instance. Plague broke
out and extended in spite of efforts to
cheek il. Then experts fell on the idea
that rats were carrying the infection
from place to place.
Rat killing on wholesale scale was
ordered. and in few weeks the, work
bore such excellent fruit that no new
cases were reported.
1t is to be distinctly understood that
not all rats are harmful. Every
country has certain species~whic doano
damage. but in. many cases have cer-
tain utility.
The rat that makes the trouble is
the migratory one, otherwise known as
the sewer rat. which has been evolved
by civilization. and follows man wher-
ever he may go.
Rats of the harmless breed have
been krown ever since history began
to take record of things. but the
dangerous sewer rat is distinctly
modern evolution. whose history can
not be traced back for more than three
centuries.
That 800 years of activity is a record
of terrible misdeeds. and the amount
of property destroyed by the sewer rat
in that time and the number OF lives
taken through the spreading of dis
ease has probably made the rat far
The San Francisco call., 1908-09-06

The United States was long exempt
from the visitations of the sewer rat,
which seems to withhold his visits till
cities have grown to the size that there
will be ample shelter and abundant
food.
1t was about the time that the
United States had ended its civil war
Of 1SSI-1S65 that the rat decided to
become an American citizen. He had
TO make long trip across the ocean.
but that presented no problem. for the
rodent is-.as skilIful Sin. the water as
on land.
The docking of ships at the wharf
is favorite time for him to embark,
'ut even II o ship lies out at anchor
The San Francisco call., 1908-09-06
Ms NIL ZLJSgHLA9,
J sRFSTr2ENT Or
1fsE IHTERNA1zCNAL
ASgccIATION A
zoe HE TEgTRUGnON
CE RATS
q q

that an army OF rats had their home.
curfoslry was aroused as TO what they
ffved on. for the island had been
strtphsi clear II even a blade OF grass.
scientis. rade an examination ana
cug cat OF the ocies a number OF rats.
TO MS anldEerent he found n then,
crabs-liye crsbs They had no. come
or their own free Will. FOR each crusta-
cean had L. legs vSs or.
Investigation showed that ths WHY
rats were in thes habit OF doing tneir
Grabbing at low tide. To make sure
that the crab would do no har..1 he
was swiftly deprived of his claws.
Then drawn to the hole of the rat. tns
crab was food supply 10 be drawn on
whenever needed
The damage that rats 40 TO the
cargocS Of ships and in warehouses
has been estimated a. tens of millions
Of dollars- Rat insurance has become
a necessity of business since that ro-
dent got a hold in this counrr7.
Rats scratching matches and starr
Ing them into 1Rme, rats moving
around among greasy waste rags and
causing spontaneous combustion is the
explanation of many a mysterious IRE.
There is hardly anything that a rat
will not eat from meat and poultry rs
bark of young trees.
Ducks. chickens and other small fowl
fall victim TO. the rat, being kiIleS
by grip on the throat by the sharp
teeth OF the ugly rodent. Attacks on
children and old persons are often re
ported the rat seeming TO know bv in
stlnct where 1t can most safely make
an attack
Cities all over the world have learned
the terrible lesson of how rats can
carry plaques and when it Is coasid
cred that within two years a $nx1e
ordinary pair OF rats will multiply -
1.5ss rats, 1t Will be seen how many
or these disease carriers are Constantly
being 1oosed on the world
The situation has indeed resolved It
sell into q matter OF destroying the rat
or being destroyed By htrA