Bisbee daily review., 1908-05-24
SECRETS OE THE GEMS
 REVEALED BY IN EXPERT

- r-- ~,- ~~~S~As r Of course the Oriental topaz is a much rsrer and liner gem than the real topaz, so that the usuaf idea i'm piled in the word is here carried out as 1t is by contrast when the yellow cairngorm Is called the Occidental topas.
 The three former stones really come under the head of fancy sap phires, which Is the trade expression for sapphires of some other color than deep blue. All stones except diamonds are called fancies when they depart radically from their nor nal color.
 The brilliancy of fancy sapphires Is very great. but usually they are among the less expensive gems. Most of the Montana sapphires come from Ceyion, but Montana supplies some very beautiful ones.
 Fine old Spanish emeralds" is, a phrase which means something quite different from what 1t seems to imply There never was an emerald mined in Spain, but afer the conquest of Peru the conquerors brought home great quantities of loot, of which em- eralds formed an important part.
 In this way the best emeralds came into possession of the old Spanish families and as very few had been seen in Europe previous to that time and all the best stones soon came to be classed fine old Spanish emer- aid. Today the expression still ap- plies to the best emeralds of any source.
 Montana sapphires are known to the trade as new mine sapphires as a distinction from old mine sapphires from other countries. The best are highly thought of abroad Most of them go there to be cut. though a great many later find their way back to this country.
 The opal used in jewelrv is distin- guished from other varieties of less value by calling t precious or noble opal. 0pals differ very greatly in their color effects and these are known as the pattern of .=is gem The shape and size of the faShes Of color vary from very small when the stone is called pins point opal. to larger. squarish spang'es, when it Is a harlequin opal.
 The line of refiecti on in the cvT ter of moonstone is called the bilsn. That is, it should apnea- in tae cen ter. but it doesn't always 90 do.
 Jado is sometimes known s< New Zealand green stone. also as ave stone. The best varieties are know as the imperial green.
 Red garnets-they conn in many coiors@ar often sold by unscrupu- Ious dealers under such names names Cape ruby, ruby garnet and Alstfa- Han ruby. The green variety is so1e- times sold as a Uralian emerald.
 There are some varieties of tur- quoises which retain their color per petually. These are said to belong to the old rock, while those that turn green are tscribed to the new rock.
 Siberia yields mammoth teeth, which after receiving a color from iron phosphate are known ii the mar ket as fossilturquoise It is detect ed by it's odor when greatly heated. If moistened with an acid 1t will effer- vesce. The fossil turquoise so-called is not a mineral like the rock tur- quoise. It is merely colored teeth of fossil animals. Nevertheless it re- tains it's color better than a good deal of the real stone does.
 Brazilian emerald" is really taur- maline, "1ithia eneraldo is niddenite. which was discovered by W. E. Hid den in North Carolina.
 The balais ruby Is spinel. The gem known as the Black Princes ruby among the English crown jewels is really a red spineL This stone was fayorite with Queen Elizabeth. The spinel sapphire Is only a blue spinel.
 Star sapphires and star rubies are different colored asterias, or star stones. Ceylon rubies. though beau tiful in quality, are pale in color. Yet they are so much liked In France that they are technically described as of French color.
 Feathers are white subtransparent lines in the body of stone. Clouds are fiat blotches along the grain. Silk is the name for white glistening streaks in the grain of rubies. "Tal- low topped" is a stone cut with a f1attish convex top. Grain marks are surface lines due to imperfect polish ing. Carbon spots are opaque black spots in the body of diamond
 By way of a hint in examining stones the jewellers say that if you look at yellow gems, as the topaz a deep yellowish tinge in other dia-