davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1908-11-01

II there is anything about
your ailment that you don't
understand, or II you want
any medical advice. write
to the doctor. and he will
answer you fully. There is
no charge for this service.
The address is DR.. w. b.
Caldwell. siI Caldwell bldg.
Monticello. III.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19
GENERAL DIRECTORY

CIVIC SOCIETIES.
MASONIC--Newport Lodge No. IA. F. & A. NJ
meets LIST and 3rd Thursdays in Vawter's
Hall. 8. w. Rogers, w. NJ.
A. Reid, Secy
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19

is getting down to a more reason
able basis. Now, if the board of
equalization will only not raise the
assessors valuation, the stump
ranchers, aftor paying taxes, will
probably have enough change left
to buy powder to blow out a few
stumps and make the land fit for
cultivation.-Kettle River Journal.
The S. F. & N. will build a new
roundhouse at Marcus this season.
Standpoint is experiencing a sue
cessful religious revival. We do
not know of another town in this
section that needs it more than the
smelter town.
A Occur d'Alene mechanic has
invented rotary engine that he
claims will revolutionize all laws
of mechanics. Stock in the Spo-
kane Rotary Engine Co. that was
exploited so heavily a couple OF
years ago is now going begging.
The engine never did 60.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19

Up to March 7, 1873 delegates had
been elected to the Republican ma
tional convention, Of which 1O8 are
instructed or Taft. Is for Fair
banks and 4 are uninstructed.
According to the most carefully
prepared estimates Secretary Taft
will get 40 delegates, exclusive OF
the southern states, all of whom
will send Taft delegations, al
though there will also doubtless be
contesting, anti-Taft delegations
from many of them. Senator AID
rich, one If the most astute poll
ticians in the senate, who has all
along been for Senator Knox for
president, declares it is no use
longer opposing Taft, and he is ad-
vising his friends to get into the
Taft band wagon.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19
A Suggestion.
Newport, March IS.

A'CW pm =, Ah"lEli To-
Editor Miner-Noticing a good
deal of comment lately on the pros
pect Of changes in the location Of
the state line between Idaho and
Washington, l assume that the
general preference of those who own
property adjoining the state line
would be to have as little change
in the line as possible. Such being
the case, 1 would respectfully sug-
gest that petition be circulated
for the signature of those most
vitality interested in both states
petition to be presented to those
authorities having the matter in
charge-that survey be made with
the object of giving straight line
beginning at the original initial
point at the junction of the Snake
and Clearwater rivers-which
point I understand is we'll marked
and defined by suitable monu-
ment--and that the said line be
laid in northerly direction. to
deviate as much from astronomical
north as may be found necessary
to give each and all original mile
posts their proper and proportion
ate interest in it's final location as
a permanent boundary. And fur
Their that the boundary, when set
tied upon, shall be marked with
stone monuments at least six
inches square and three feet long,
and when the monuments fall in
the public highway said monu-
ments shall be of stone one foot
square and four feet long, set two
and one-half feet in the ground. Or
that the line shall be monumental
and protected in such manner as
to make the location a matter of
certainty and permanence indef-
mite.
It seems to me that, while it is
not essential that the line shall run
north and south, it is highly essen
tial that it should be straight
line mechanically, and that
every monument or post that has
formerly been erected and accepted
as permanent by adjacent property
owners should be used as factor
in the final determination of the
position of the line, in order that
the property owners along the line
may be disturbed as little as pos
sible in the quiet and peaceable
possession of property that the U.
S. government has granted to them.
Otherwise it would occur to me
that there will be opened up an
endless vista of litigation to deter
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19

The eighth grade has a new pupil
by the name of Alpha Holt.
Agnes Kirklin, of the fourth
grade, has diphtheria and the fam
lily is quarantined.
The result of the eighth grade
was much better this time, prob
ably because of the effort put forth
in trying to complete the work this
spring, so that they may be cap
able of taking the state examina-
ton held in May.
-Four new pupils have entered
room B, two in the second and two
in the third grade.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19
Nei9hborhood News.

The Bonner county commission
ers have finally decided to purchase
the building erected by Ignatz
We'll, at Standpoint, for the county
building. The county is to pay Mr..
We'll sum equal to the actual cost
of the building and grounds, the
whole estimated at about .$18,0 900.
The amount is to be paid in month
ly installments of $500 a month,
with interest on the deferred pay
ments at the rate of 7 per cent.
One of the commissioners opposed
the purchase, but was guided in his
vote by petition signed by large
number of citizens of the county.
Another one tried to evade the
issue, but was finally corraled and
voted for the opposition. About 60
residents Of Newport, Idaho, asked
that the commissioners purchase
the building.
The Bonner county commission
ers have asked for bids for the con-
struction of ferry with long ap-
proaches across the Pend d'Oreille
river at Standpoint. The citizens
of Standpoint have asked the board
to provide $4,000 to assist in the
work.
Priest River is trying to get Bon
ner county to provide a public
ferry across the river at that point.
At present ranchers living on the
west side of the river and owning
ranches on the opposite side must
come to Newport to get to their
property. Priest River needs a
public ferry and so does Newport.
The Republican county central
committee of Bonner county will
hold an important meeting at
Standpoint on March Is.
Col. Webster, Indian agent for
the Colville and Spokane Indians,
reports that the reservations will
probably be thrown open some
time in 1909. Between 1900 and
1000 allotments are to be made in
the Colville reservation.
A movement is on foot to stop the
operation Of all Sunday passenger
trains on the S. F. & N.
The Seattle Star is polling the
Republican editors of the state as
to their presidential preferences.
The results will probably show that
Taft is an overwhelming first
choice.
J. w. McCool, Ferry county's as
SCISSOR, has announced that he will
reduce the valuation of grazing and
stump lands to So an acre. That
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19
mine the legal status Of ownership
of lands where the sectional surveys
closed on the present state Line.
J. R. PATTERSON.
Prof. H. A. Howell, OF Havana, Cuba
Recommends Chamberlain's Cou9h
nA,snadvy

GAS long ago as can remember my
mother was faithful user and friend OF
Chamberlain's Cough Remedy, but never
in my life have I realized its true value
until now," writes Prof. II. A. Howell,
of Howell's American school, Havana,
Cuba. con the night of Feb. our baby
was taken sick with very severe cold,
the next day was worse, and the follow
ing night his condition was desperate.
He could not lie down and it was neces-
sary to have him in the arms every mo-
ment. Even then his breathing was
difficult. did not think he would live
until morning. At last I thought of my
mothers remedy, Chamberlain's Cough
Remedy, which we gave, and it afforded
prompt relief, and now. three days later,
he has fully recovered. Under the cir
cumstances I would not hesitate mo-
ment in saying that Chamberlain's
Cough Remedy, and that only, saved
the life of our dear little boy" For sale
by Tiss & McMorran.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19

1t coaxes back that we'll feeling,
healthy look, puts the sap of life in your
system, protects you from disease. Hol-
listers Rocky Mountain Tea has no
equal as spring tonic for the whole
family. 35c, Tea or Tablets. Adams
Pharmacy.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19
time TABLES
NEWPORT

IDAHO e. WASHINGTON NORTHERN n. p
ARRIVE.
No. 2-9:20 a. M, from Spokane
No 106-6:30 p. M. from Spokane.
No. 4-7:40 a. m, from Spirit Lake
No. 1O3-8:OO a. M, to Spokane.
No. 1-5:4O p M, to Spokane.
No. 7-6:40 p m, to Spirit Lake
GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY
wEsTBOUND. EAsTBoUND.
No. 1-5:55 a. m. No. 2-12:25p.m
No 2e3-s:46 a. M No. L7:ss ;. M.
No. 3-3:O4 p. m. No. 4-12:4l m
Str. Newport leaves for lone and inter
mediate points on Mondays, Wednesdays
and Fridays at IL a. m. Returning leaves
lone Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at
500 a. m.
Str. Newport leaves tor Cusick on Tues
days, Thursdays and Saturdays at p m.
On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at
II a. m. Returning leaves Cusick on Mon
days, Wednesdays and Fridays at 6 80 a. m
On Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at
II a. m.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19

FOR SALE-Good livery and feed
stable, location on the south side; two
barns, easy terms. Inquire of Reid
Hardware Co.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19

Now is good time to send in your
subscription to the NEWPORT MINER.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19

FOE. meets every Wednesday in Kellv's
Hall. A. r. TIss, President.
CHAs H. LUCE. Secretary.
The Newport miner. [volume] (Newport, Wash.) 1899-current, 1908-03-19

I. o. o. F.-Newport Lodge, No. $50. meets
every Saturday night in Vawter's Hall.
Will Krause, N. G..
J. w. ASHPAUGH
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
woMANs PLACE IN COMMUNITY
DR.. Edward Everett Hale on Their
Work and Influence.

In his Monthly Talk in the Woman's
Home Companion, DR.. Edward Ever
EFT Hale says:
"Will you please to remember that
the bottom rock of American success
is the habit or determination that every
place, village, town, neighborhood, OF
whatever you call it, shall have home
rule. If l and Mr.. Goodchild want
to have a road and bridge which
shall go back to the rhododendron
swamp, we build the road and we build
the bridge with such help as he can
get from Mrs. Tucker or from Mr.
Champlin, and we do not write to
sub-prefect, who writes to prefect
who writes to an assistant com
mandant, who writes to an intendent
who writes to the secretary of engi'
neers, who sends word to us from the
seat of government whether we may
build it. Life where you stand ex
presses the foundation principle, the
subsoil, the hard pan, the bed rock OF
American life.
Now, very queer thing has de
NelOpSu III IHe eNOlullOn VI lhiS piih
ciple. 1t has proved that where the
men of the country have been toe
busy, or have thought they were, tc
attend to their own affairs, the wom'
en- have been able to attend to them
better than the men do.
Take this business which have re
ferred to, of a neighborhood library
feeding region of not more than foui
or five thousand people. The affairs
of that library, If they are well con
ducted are conducted by the women
of the neighborhood. They know whal
their children want; they know what
their husbands need. And 1t is very
fortunate for the neighborhood and
the library that they can harness the
horses and can drive themselves te
the meetings of trustees and select
the books and tell Miss Dorcas how
many she may buy"
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
A Miss.

Commissioner Bingham of New
York said the other day of shrewd
western detectives:
"He is very shrewd, but he likes to
show off overmuch. There is a good
deal of this Sherlock Holmes business
about him. A Scotch Canadian wanted
to join the force the other day. To
make himself look respectable he
bought suit of clothes from friend
of his, stationary engineer. When
he presented himself at headquarters
our Mr.. Sherlock Holmes was the first
person he had to see.
"Mr. Sherlock, looking up from his
desk, scanned the applicant shrewdly,
shot quick glance round the room to
see that he had everyones attention,
and then said, in his deepest, most i'm.
pressive voice:
"'Aha, q mechanic, perceive.
"'Na, MAJ replied the Scotchman,
"A Mackenzie.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

i. BATES.


Heinie Sill spent Saturday and
Sunday with his parents, G. Sill and
wife of Toledo.
Philip Artz, wife and daughter, Ger
trude, Mrs. VIM. Brossia and daugh-
ter, Amanda and Mrs. Jacob Artz
called on Mrs. Henry Hahn Saturday
afternoon.
Miss Elisha Hahn spent Friday even
ing with Miss Lydia Thaiss.
Leo Sill of Toledo is spending a
couple of days with Philip Artz and
family.
Mrs. Jacob Artz of Toledo spent
Friday with her parents, VIM. Bros
sia and family.
Philip Artz and family, Jacob Artz
and wife of Toledo, Henry and Miss
Anna Danner were Sunday visitors of
Fred Artz and family.
David Hahn and Miss Pearl Corn
we'll of Toledo spent Sunday with
Fred Hahn and family.
Mrs. Chas. Thaiss, Bob and Miss
Lydia Thaiss and Herman Hahn
spent Sunday with Fred Buck, wife
and daughter Lillian.
Miss Florence Merkle of Toledo
spent a couple of days with Lottie
Brossia.
Mrs. Chas. Thaiss and Mrs. Kate
Hahn spent Sunday evening with Mrs.
Philip Artz.
Fred Artz and children called on
VIM. Brossia and family Sunday even.
ing.
Christ Schaller spent few days
with Geo. Brossia and family.
Miss Lydia Thaiss called on Elisha
Hahn Tuesday evening.
Bates Beach is now open every
evening. All are welcome to ocme
and take bath.
Miss Clara White spent Sunday
with her parents, Frank White and
family.
Carl Limmer of Toledo spent few
days with Art Limmer.
Miss Mabel Hahn called on Mamie
Brossia Sunday.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
Time to Pick Up Bargain curlos.

Foreigners in Japan find n great op.
portunity to purchase curios at the be-
ginning of each new year. Every one
in Japan is expected to clear up his
books and pay his debts by the last
day of the old year. The tradesmen
send in their yards-more often miles
of bills to the honorable lady of
the house and presents are politely
exchanged all around. Shopkeepers
hold bargain sales to enable them to
pay the wholesale houses, and If a
man cannot raise sufficient money to
pay his creditors it is not an uncom.
mon thing for him to sell off sufficient
or even all of his property at a sacri-
flee to enable him to meet the new
year with a smiling face. The only
other honorable way out of his diff.
cuties is for him to commit suicide
FOIev's Honey and Tar
for children. safe, sure. No Opiafes.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
What Yale Men Eat.

Some statistics have been pub.
lished by the Yale Dining club to show
what the LOGS members of that or
ganization who eat at the Yale COM
mons manage to get away with in the
line of food. In week, for instance.
$500 pounds of meat, 900 dozen eggs
and 910O rolls and loaves of bread
disappear down the Yale throat.
The daily consumption is about like
this: Nine hundred and twenty-nine
pounds of meat subdivided into 2S6
pounds of roast beef, 2S4 pounds of
poultry, 144 pounds of lamb, 145
pounds of pork and 72 pounds of
steak; 100 loaves of bread, 1900 rolls,
so pounds of oatmeal, 1000 quarts of
milk, 120 quarts of cream, 120 pounds
of table butter and like amount for
cooking purposes, and from three 70
four lunches of bananas, as well as
20 bushels of potatoes.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
As IL Turned Out, Lawyers Were Un
necessarily Excited.

In suit in Maine court not long
ago there was adduced line of tes'
timony that created some excitement.
A witness had testified that he saw
the defendant splitting up" rails a
few hours before the accident for
which defendant was supposed to be
responsible.
do with the rails?" asked the counsel,
fixing the wandering eye of the wit
ness with his stern gaze.
Before the witness could answer,
the defendants counsel was on his
feet, insisting that the question was
not allowable. A prolonged wrangle
ensued. Various high authorities for
and against the admission of the ques
ton were consulted and quoted.
During all this time the witness
shifted from one leg to the other, and
gave vent to several prodigious
yawns. AS the controversy waged
hotter and hotter something like a
smile was seen to pass across his
face.
At last the judge ruled that the
question must be allowed and while
the defendants counsel, exhausted
with rage, leaned back in his chair
excitedly, the query was put once
more:
What did the defendant say he was
going to do with the rails?"
''Nawthin,," drawled the witness. 90
were drivin' my sisters niece to ketcf
train when l see him. An now, ei
it amt UNCONSTITUTIONAL, I'd like to
set down as my legs is about gir
out. ut."-Illustrated Sunday Magazine.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

Why not make the G. II. q D. r.
r. show a little respect TO PerrysburgY
1t took some time to force them to
light their crossings, but it was finally
accomplished. 1t may take some time
to force them to put gates over the
Main street crossing to prevent trains
from holding crossings and also pre-
vent engineers from exceeding the
speed Inn through town-but it can
be done. We have nothing to lose by
forcing the road to respect the town.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

A woman was lying dead, with
roses white and yellow in her hands.
She was beautiful in death as in life.
She had found what she sought
rest and repentance!
Beside her still image sat her hus-
band, his head bent and one hand
stretched across his face, hiding the
awful expression thereon. But the
veins on that sinewy hand seemed
bursting through the flesh, while his
parted lips were dry and bloodless.
Between his trembling fingers he
held letter, addressed to his dead
wife in her maiden name. He had
only just opened it.
The mornings mail made the cold
form of marble beauty horrible in his
eyes. Vengeance was turning his soul
to gall mingled with the intense jeal-
ousy of the bereaved.
"He shall follow her to her home,"
he muttered crumpling her lovers let
ter with suppressed passion.
Then he wrote the telegram:
Come"
MIGHT HAVE LET HIM FINISH
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

The journal feels justified in COM
plimenting the members OF the village
Council and Township Trustees for
their public spiritedness shown in the
assistance they have given in the work
of improving the Monument Park, and
we believe every citizen will heartily
approve of the action taken by these
officials. The private citizens who
have 80 kindly assisted will be given
due credit in these columns later on,
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

"Get together" would be splendid
motto for Perrysburg citizens to
adopt. If Perrysburg will "get to-
gether, stick together and pull to-
gether" the good old town will pros
per, otherwise there is nothing for US
in the future. There is no standstill
point for any town-it must either
advance or retard. Which shall it be
for Perrysburg9 The answer is up to
the people.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
Best the World Affords.

"It gives me unbounded pleasure
to recommend Bucklen's Arnica
Salve," says ]. w. Jenkins, of Chapel
Hill, N. G. 81 am convinced it's the
best salve the world affords. 1t cured
felon on my thumb, and 1t never
fails to heal every sore, burn or
wound to which it is applied. 25c at
VIM. Comstock & Sons drug store.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
BOWLING.

'i.'l'l.l.s'-i.'.'.l'.l'!-.llll.I-l''l''l''l'l'i
JIG. Hoffman, and wife are en-
tertaining relatives from Toledo this
week.
A crowd of young people from this
place enjoyed trip to Woodville,
Sunday.
Durham Simmons, Sr, and wife
of Perrysburg visited with John
Simmons and family Saturday and
Sunday.
Bert Dennis was in Toledo Monday
on business.
Alfred Dennis and Earl Shoemaker
will be the guests of the Misses Iva
and Blanch Caldwell in Findlay next
Sunday.
The Misses Mabel and Marie
Libben of Lorain visited with the
Misses Edna Mcdowell and Hilda
Smith the latter part of last week.
James Beard and wife attended the
Temperance meeting in Perrysburg
last Tuesday evening.
Shelly Emch was in Bowling
Green on business Wednesday and
Thursday.
II. E. Berry and wife took Sunday
dinner with j. Herring and wife.
Mrs. H. A. Burning and daughter
of Perrysburg were the guests of
Chas. Frusher and wife last Wednes-
day.
John Simmons and wife were Mon
day guests of Dell Simmons and
family of Perrysburg.
Mrs. Thomas Frusher visited with
Mrs. Frank Shinew and family of
Portage last Sunday.
Miss May DeVerna of Chicago and
E. w. DeVerna of Dunbridge were
guests of E, S. DeVerna and family,
Thursday.
Mrs. Leimgruber of Bowling Green
was the guest of her daughter, Mrs.
James Beard, Wednesday.
Miss Harley Bradley of White,
house spent Friday evening with
NJ. E. Bruce and family.
Miss Nellie Frusher was the guest
of her grandparents, Chas. Britton
and wife last week.
Mrs. |. w. Taylor of Weston Wis
tied with Mrs. Thomas Frusher, Wed.
nesday
Mrs. Walter Hite and son Everett
were guests of her parents, j. H
Cope and wife of Cygnet, Saturday
and Sunday.
B. F. Spilker, wife and son Car
Sundayed with W. F. Snyder and
family of Haskins.
Geo. Trout and wife of Toledo
spent the first of the week with John
Simmons and family.
Mrs. B. E. Sweet and Mrs. D
Sweet Sundayed with I'll. E. Berry
and wife.
The Misses Iva and Blanch Cald
we'll spent Saturday and Sunday with
Miss Shoemaker and returned to theil
home in Findlay, Monday.
VIM. Grolla, Sr., and family enter
tained as their Sunday guests: Miss
Anna VanDusen of Port Clinton, the
Misses Alice Kotter and Florence
Kuechle of Toledo, the Misses Berthe
and Florence Berkin and Floyd anc
Miss Jessie Spilker OF this place.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
infirmary Directors
A. r. Buck.
Lesley Stacy.
James H. Whitacre.
Coroner
Dwight r. Canield.

Take look at the Monument Park,
and see the work that has been ac-
complished. Every citizen should
feel proud of this improvement and
much credit is due to the ladies who
planned and superintended the work.
Had it not been for their efforts the
place would still have been a desolate
weed patch.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

Dairy and Food Commissioner
Renick w. Dunlap, of Pickaway.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

Members of Board of Public works
B. w. Baldwin, OF Conneaut'
William Kirtley, Jr, of Defiance.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

School Commissioner
John w. Zeller, of Findlay.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

Judges of Supreme Court
James l.. Price, of Lima.
John A. Shauck, of Dayton.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

peIee eates.at-Larse to National Con-
Vention.
Charles p. Taft, Cincinnati.
Myron r. Herrick, Cleveland
Arthur /. Vorys, Lancaster.
Andrew L. Harris, Eaton.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24
REPUBLICAN TICKET.

REPUBLICAN TICKET.
Governor
Andrew l.. Harris, of Eaton.
Lieutenant Governor
Francis w. Treadway, OF CleVeiahu'
Secretary of State
Carmi Thompson, of lronton.
Auditor
r. M. Fullington, of Marysville.
Treasurer
Charles G, Green, of Columbus.
Attorney General
II q Dpnman of Toledo.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-07-24

clerk of Supreme Court
John S. McNutt, of Salem.