davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21
THE CHURCHES
MIIaptist.


The baptist Bible school meets at
10 a. m, morning service at IL a.
m. DR.. J. r.. Conner will speak on
"The Problem That Everyone Should
Solve for the Church" The music |
under the direction Of Mr.. Chas. Roth |
lis feature of our services. The
chorus choir contains a male quar-
tet. female quartet and several
capable soloists. Miss Nina Bushnell
as oganist Is a sufficient assurance
that the instrumental part OF the
service Is OF a high class. Evening
service at 1870 D. m. subject, "A
Man Who Knows What He VIII Do"
A popular service. short sermon, spe-
cial songs and solos. Strangers are
always welcome at our services and
we promise that DR.. Corners address
will interest you.
First Christian.
Bible school at 10 a. m. Preach
Ing at IL a. m. and 1890 p. m. Re-
spective themes. "a Church With a
Great Future," and "why I Cannot
Consistently BE a Member OF Any
Other Church" Junior Christian
Endeayor at 3 p. m. Senior Chris
tlan Endeavor at $3.50 p. m. Good
music. easy pews and a hearty well
come. ID. Errett, pastor.
United Evangelical.
The pastor will preach at II a. 4
m, theme. pure Religion" and
1880 D. m. theme. Lot a Study" !
Sunday school at 10 a. m X. l.. of ,
c. Il. at 6:3O D. m. H. A. Deck. a
pastor. I
sc. Paul's. 7
Chemeketa and Church streets, =
Rev. Barr q. Lee. rector. Third n
sunday In Lent. Services at 1880 v
a. m. and II a. m. Sunday school I
II 10 a. m. Usual weekday Lenten v
services. All welcome. a
Unitarian. h
Corner Cottage aud Chemeketa b
streets Services at 1880 a. M, n
sermon by the minister. Rev. Paul c
}. Bandy Subject OF discourse,
The second Temptation. vespers
Il iiS0 p. m. Sunday school and
3ible class at 11;45 a. m. imme- n
iiately after the morning service. Il
Gospel Chapel. q
4. Fifteenth and Mill streets. sun n
lay school at 10 a. m. Preaching at II
1 a. m. and 1880 p. m. Testimony :,
eryico az 6;s0 p. m. Bible study 4,
evening. Prayer meeting a.
'riday evening. n
First Presbyterian. q,
Church street. near Chemeketa n,
treet. Rev. Henry T. Babeock. pas g.
or. Morning service az 1880 a.
4. Evening service at 1880 D. m.
respective themes, Patience" aud /
Christ az the Door" Sunday school 9
~ m. Junior Christian Endeayor
s;s0 p. m. Senior Christian En-
eavor at 6;So p. m. Public cor
tally invited 10 all these services.
Christian Science. le
First Church OF Christ. Scientist. =
40 chemeketa street. Services sun ID
~ az 1880 a. m. and 7.3O D. m. a,
nhieet OF lesson sermon. Matter" "
anday school at ii:45 a. m. The
'ednesday evening meeting Is held
T;3O p. m.
Reading room In the church open
'eh afternoon except Sunday. All di
'e cordially Invited to attend the :
rfiees and the reading room.
First Methodist Episcopal. 4
Rev. W. II, Selleck will preach az
';se a. m. on "Gldeon's Three Hun
ed. and al 7ySO on "a Great 4
oman. nr Heritage director OF II
e choir. Prof Roberts organlst. =
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21
COFFEE

The dealing is simple.
II you don't like Schil-
hng's Best it costs you
nothing.
fess stesss sstssas ss.s maasv 4 %. a.as
Aas a. - ~ IA
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21

4 speak from experience o,n,l
hood's sarSapsrilIa in riviS, -
mendation. For spring hsma,, :
general blood purifier thia ] 80
fails. II always does all TIA, 4 [ .I....
and and more. | know it 20 be rood -
salt rhsnm. and all similar isOOll.s !
general spring medicine 1 ers -.
i has no equal. Il Eives me r...... -
tiOn to say these few word. h s.
medicine | have found 40 49,
family" MRs. J. n. GKr a -,
Stoneham. Mas,
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21

County Judge Scott this morning
appointed Minnie MoCauley guardian
of the estate OF Marie Kibele. who Is
confined IN tho asylum.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21

1t is important to you from every standpoO. !.
should thoroughly cleanse your blood of ali tbos. a'
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21
Women as Well as Men Are Made
miserable by Kidney and
BLADDER Trouble.

kidney trouble preys upon the mind.
dlseonrages and lessens anlhilion. heaniv.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21
Can't
Miss It

SO many ailments are
purely nervous affections,
that you can hardly miss
il If you try DIR. Miles
Nervine. It restores nerv-
GUS energy-and through
It's invigorating influence
upon the nervous system,
the organs are strengthen
ed. The heart action is
better; digestion improv-
ed, the sluggish condition
overcome, and healthy ac-
tivity re-established.
-nr aglles Nsrvias . wersh Rs
weight ln goid b Iae. did not know
What allied nae, ! had 4 kos1 physician
tut set 20 relief l could noi eat
crasy. one aay ! pickea 10 a paper ana
the trst thing that MA my eyes Nas
an advertisement ~ ~. Miles NorV-
be | concleded to try Il and lea TIE
sss -Hs s,,,S S'e sy - s ALL 'sae'ss ess
! ee4an tskioU ~. Mlcs' Heart Cure
end how ] can Work and ~ olt aud
hete told uanY the bcneht 1 have ro-
Colted fIom these FeuittIes aud sew
eg1 % them have been c0roa ~ q
sllee I am nfsf-nins leaFa "a ana
ANNA "a PAi.MER. Iewlagown. ra
o.. Miles Ncrslne 10 sela ~ rooF
erup1llt, tsha eln oueFaneee that tho
n.ft eettle ~ln haReHl n Il fails. ha
~ih refeaa Seuf meaay.
Miles Medical Co. Elkhart. Ind
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21
Hoods SarsapariI

VIII convince and cure wheregven fair trial Buy h.
sarsatabs Hoods sssparila tab all durv. or - -
the curative properties 100 doses 81 LOWELL 'e
= Drugs Act June 30 as y
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21

child uunates too often, ifthe urine scalds
the flesh, or ii, when the child reaches an
age when u should be able 10 control the
passage, IL Is yet afflicted with hed-wet.
tang, dcpendupon Il, the cause OF The dim.
Guilty Is kidney trouble. and the 6rst
step should he towards the treatment of
these important organs. This unpleasant
trouble Is due 20 a diseased condition of
the kidneys aud bladder aud not 20 a
habit as most people suppose.
MoutSn as well as men are made miser-
able with kidney snd bladder trouble
aud both need the same great remedy.
The mild aud the immediate effect of
swamp Root Is soon realized II Is sold
by druggists. in hfty- EF
cent aud one-d0llar q Zsk1,fk -
sile bottles. You may u Fl =;
have a sample bottle - -. -
~ mail tree, also a Hoss Y ssaa.skosa
pamphlet telling all about swamp Root.
iuclnding many Of the thousands II testi-
moniAl letters received from sufferers
cured, In writing Or. Kilmer 81 Co.
hinghamton, n. T.. be sure and mention
this paper, Dou't make any mistake.
bat remember the name, swamp Root.
~. Anmer's Sssamp-RO0l, aud the al.
aEess. hnghAm,on, n. y. on every
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21
CA - II q RE a.
B.ar. .,h. zIhs klnd foa Hsm Naays Rggif
''',s''" a &HNzzsI
New Notaries.

A. 5. Cooley. waliowa; c. A. Ep-
ley, jefferson; Roht. L. Pollock,
Portland; NJ. w. Goodman, Lostine:
Jas. ID. Burns, Condor.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21
SPECIAL DELIVERY.


hed the following sb MONTH ei00 for the
Store. O.. Asylum Avenue Junction.
canine Seventeenth W Lane 5arden Road
Alex, Commercial
@. n.
Fair Grounds Road.
Twelfth
o. X. Grocery, A. Twelfth
Wheears Store w. ID. Wheeer Highland
Yew Park stof y. O. Bower Twelfth and Leslie.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21
t'iFst Nctho,Iist TpisropaI.

Rev W n, selleck will preach az
io;se a. m. on "0ldeon's Three Hun
dFed. and al 7ySO on "a Great
Woman, nr. Heritage director Of
the choir. Prof Roberts organlst.
Epwor'h League at els p. m. An
are cordially invited
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21

by druggists, 4 in hfty-
cent aud one-d0llar
sile bottles. You may
have a sample bottle
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21

which Was 60 make an order OF busi-
ness providing for the nomination OF
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-03-21

The pastor will preach at II a.
m, theme. pure Religion" and
1880 D. m. theme. Lot, Study" 4"
Sunday school at 10 a. m. X. l.. of
g. u. at 6:30 p. m. n. A. Deck,
pastor.
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATE IN
THE PARKER INDEPENDENT L
MINING COMPANY

Know all men by these presents:
That we, the undersigned, have this
day associated ourselves together for
the purpose of forming Corporation
under and III pursuance of the Laws
of the Territory of Arizona, and for
that reason do hereby adopt the follow
ing Articles of incorporation:
The name of the said Corporation
shall be the "The Parker Independent
Mining Company.
The names of the incorporators are
I. e Dye, E. c. Yeager, j. A. Greaves,
c. E Cain, p o. Robbins. o Young,
J. e. Robe, B f. Evans, T. S. Lane, d
Dullea, G. J. Wiley, John Whelan,
Chas McCauley, r. B. Hoxie, J G..
Wilhelm, Geo. Lish. V. V. Doyle, and J
r. Thompson, all of the Town of Wins
low, County of Navajo, Territory Of
Arizona.
The principal place of business Of
the Corporation is Winslow, Arlzoua.
and offices may be esta blished and
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

upon and thereby become and be full
paid and worcestershire forever, and
the Judgment of the Board of Directors
as to the value of any property or
thing, acquired i'll exchange for capital
stock shall be conclusive.
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

Territory of Arizona, CO
Comfy of Navajo,
Before me, w p Geary, a Notary
Public in and for the County of Navajo
and Territory of Arizona, this day per-
sonally appeared 7. E. Dye, E G..
Yeager, j. A. Greaves, G E Cain, p. o.
Robbins. O Young, j. E. Robe, b. f.
Evans, t. s. Lane, d. Dullea, @. j.
Wiley. John Whelan. Chas McCauley,
R. B. Hoxie, J. G. Wilhelm, Geo, Lish,
V. v Doyle, and j. h. Thompson known
to me to be the persons named in and
whose names are subscribed to the
foregoing instrument and acknowledge
ed TO me that they executed the same
for the purposes and consideration
therein expressed.
Given under my hand and seal of
office this 18th day of September, A d.
1908. My commission expires March
2nd, 1911.
w P. GEARY,
Notary Public
Filed and recorded at the request of
W P Geary, Oct 3rd, 1908, at 9 a. m,
and duly recorded in Vol No l of Ar
ticles of Incorporation, on pages Nos.
III ct seq, Records of Navajo County,
Arizona.
A. f. McALLISTER,
Recorder
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31
& DIT 1903

provided by the said Bylaws afroe-
said, and their successors in office shall
be the officers of the Company and
shall hold their respective offices until
their successors have been duly elected
and qualified.
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

maintained at such other places within
or without the Territory of Arizona as
the Board of Directors may designate,
at which said offices or either of them
meetings of the Board of Directors and
Stockholders may be held.
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

upon and thereby become and be full
paid and worcestershire forever, and
the judgment of the Board of Directors
as to the value of any property or
thing, a acquired i'll exchange for capital
stock shall be conclusive.
vi
The Corporation shall commence at
the date of the signing otthese Articles
of Incorporation, and shall endure for
period of twenty five Years thereafter
but it's charter rights may be renewed
from time to time before the charter
expires not exceeding twenty five years
at time, perpetually.
VII
The affairs of the said Corporation
shall be conducted by Board of Direc-
tors of not less than three and not
more than five Directors, and the
names of the first Directors of said
Corporation who shall hold Office until
others shall be elected according to
the bylaws hereafter to be adopted,
are j. FL. Case, @ X Bauer bach, II. l.
Chilson and w z Geary
There shall be an annual election of
officers of the said Corporation OH the
first Monday of June, each and every
ear, and the persons so elected as
Direct ors, and other officers as may be
provided by the said bylaws aforesaid,
and their successors in Office shall be
the officers of the Corporation and
shall hold their respective Offices until
their success ors have been duly elected
and qualified.
The highest amount of indebt edness
or liability 10 which the said Corpora
tion shall at any time subject itself
shall NOT exceed Five Hundred Thous
and ($500,000 0Ol Dollars.
TX.
The private property Of the stock
holders and officers of the said Cor
poration shall be and the same is here
by made forever exempt from all
liability for the corporation debts,
liza abiities and obligations.
In Witness Whereof, we have here
unto set our hands and seals this Goth
day of Septem Der, a d 1868.
G. r BAUERBACH (SeaD
"a 2 GEARY (SeaD
j. H CASE (SeaD
HI. CHILSON 6 az
Territory of Arizona, CO
County of Navajo.
Before me, Chas. l. Finn, Notary
Public in and for the County of Navajo
and Territory of Arizona, this day per-
sonally appeared g. r Bauerbach, HI.
L. Cbilson, j H. Case and w. z. Geary
known to me to be the persons whose
names are sn bscribed to the foregoing
instrument and acknowledged 10 me
tha, they executed the same for the
purposes and consideration therein ex-
pressed.
Given under my hand and seal of
office this Doth day of Septem her, 4. ID.
1908. Ny commission expires Jan 7th,
1911.
CHAS L FLINN,
Notary Public.
Filed and recorded at the request of
W. Z. Geary, Sept. 10Th, 1908, at $3.50 a.
M and duly recorded in Vol. No. | of
Articles of INCORPORATION, on pages
Nos. 174-75-7G, Records of Navajo Coun-
A. f. MCALLISTER,
Recorder.
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATE IN
THE PARKER INDEPENDENT
MINING COMPANY.
Know all men by these presents:
That we, the undersigned, have this
day associated ourselves together for
the purpose of forming Corporation
under and III pursuance of the Laws
of the Territory of Arizona and for
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31
VIII.

The highest amount of indie btedness
or liability to which the said Corpora
tlon shall at any time subject itself
shall not exceed the sum of two hun
dred fifty thousand Dollars.
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31
VIII

The highest amount of indebt edness
or liza bility 10 which the said Corpora
tion shall at any time subject Itself
shall NOT exceed Five Hundred Ihous-
and ($500,000 O0l Dollars.
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

o YOUNG (SeaD
E @. 1EAGER (Seall
CHARLES MCCAULEY (SeaD
J. r. ROHE (SeaD
G. E CAIN (SeaD
j. G. WILHELM (SeaD
B. f. EVANS (Sea)
JOHN WHELAN (SeaD
z. O. ROBBINS [oeal]
c. j. WILEY Seal
V. V DOYLE [Seal]
ROY b. HOXSIE Seal
J. A. GREAVEo lSeall
G. LlSH lSeall
j. r. THOMPSON [Seai j
ID. DULLEA [Seall
L. 5. LANE TSeaIl
L. T.. DYE Seal |
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

The private property of the stock
holders and officers of said Corr ora
tion shall be and the same is hereby
made forever exempt from all liza biity
for the Corporation debts, liabilities
and obligations. The election of Of
fcers of the said Corporation shall be
held on the 18th day of Septem Der an
nually.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto
set our hands and seals this 18th day
Of Santemhar ID 1908
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31
CHAS. L FLINN,

NUIdTy UUIIC
Filed and recorded at the request of
W. Z. Geary, Sept 29th, 1908. at 9:30 a.
m. and duly recorded in VOL No. of
Articles of Incorporation, on pages
Nos. 174-75-7G, Records of Navajo Coun-
ty, Arizona
A. f. MCALLISTER,
Recorder.
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

The Corporation shall commence at
the date of the signing of these Articles
of Incorporation, and shall endure for
period of twenty five wears thereafter
but it's charter rights may be renewed
from time to time before the charter
expires not exceeding twenty five years
at time, perpetually.
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

The private property Of the stock
holders and officers of the said Cor
poration shall be and the same is here
by made forever exempt from all
liza bility for the corporation debts,
liza biiities and obligations.
In Witness Whereof, we have here
unto set our hands and seals this Goth
day of Septem Der, A d 1868
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

Know All Men By This Presents:
That we, the Undersigned, nave this
day associated ourselves together for
the purpose of forming u Corporation
under and IN pursuance OF the Laws OF
the Territory of Arizona, and for that
reason do hereby adopt the following
Articles of Incorporation:
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

The affairs of the said Corporation
shall be controlled by Board of Direc-
tors of not less than five and not more
than seven Directors, and the names of
the first Directors of said Corporation
who shall hold office until others shall
be selected according to the Bylaws
hereafter TO be adopted, are 0. Young,
Chas. McCauley, E. O. Yeager, b. f.
Evans, G. E. Cain, J. e. Robe and j. A.
Ireaves The persons so elected as
Directors and other officers as may be
The Winslow mail., 1908-10-31

The amount of the capital stock of
this Corporation shall be One Million
(sl, 900. .O0OO0J Dollars, divided into one
million shares of capital stock of the
par value of One ($l 00) Dollar per
share each, which shall be paid in, at
such times at the Board of Directors
NAV designate, in cash, real or personal
property, contracts, services, or other
valuable right or thing, for the uses
and purposes of the Corporation, and
all shares of capital stock shall, when
issued in exchange thereafter, there
The river press., 1908-03-25
May Deport Thousands.

PlTTsBuRG, March 23. - An in.
vestigation is in progress here, which
it is said, will result in the deport.
alton of thousands of undesirable
foreigners from the Pittsburg district
within the next few months.
John T. Harper, agent at large for
the immigration bureau of the depart
ment Of commerce and labor, is in
Pittsburg now gathering statistics in
cident to commencing deportation.
While he could not give an estimate
as to the number of foreigners who
will be taken out of the Pitsburg dis
trict, he said it ''would run into the
thous ands."
The crusade is the carrying out OF
the recent order Of federal authorities
to use deportation rs q means oi
checking the growth of an anarchistic
sentiment and the ridding OF the
country of the burden of taking car.
of INDECENT foreigners.
The river press., 1908-03-25
AN ELECTION PRIMER
Pertinent Points About Our Election
Machinery For NeqU Voters and Old
THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE.

What is the electoral college?
That the popular unofficial designation of the body of
who the president and vice president Of the United States
What Don't the people elect the PRESIDENT
WE'LL only indirectly The people elect the presidential electors
compose known the electoral college The constitution
of United States provides that each state shall choose
and from
Each political each state nomnates the states proper
candidates for electors These candidates placed
general ticket and the that receives majority plurality
of the vote is elected.
What then?
The presidential electors each designated point
the the second Monday January following the general
ballots for president and vice president Three
made out of which deposited with the federal judge Of
the district The other the president of the United
States senate, by mail, one by messenger.
And the next step1
The and final step takes place the hall Of the house Of
Washington the second Wednesday in February
Both houses assemble the presiding officer the senate and
counts the state returns and announces the result.
The river press., 1908-03-25
A Bell Ridden Town.


A we'll known tourist of the world
has stated as his opinion that Lucerne
is the most bell ridden town in Europe.
He had assuredly never been to
Schwyz. TO begin with, the countless
cattle that pass through the streets in
the small hours Of the morning on
their way to or from the upland pas
lures wear bells as big as buckets.
And there are church bells too A fine
peal they are. no doubt. but the noble
art of bell ringing either never existed
or has been lost here. The bells are
rung by being smitten or banged to-
gether by two small boys. whose legs
are plainly visible-an alluring mark
for an air gun-through the open
louvres of the church tower, the
sounds produced being about as edify-
ing as the music of donkey engine
in full play. The performance begins
at 4:3O a. III. and continues until early
service at s. and if there is funeral
which is every other day or so-there
will be another sustained burst Of mel
ody from 6 to Z. During the remainder
Of the day the ringing is varied and
persistent. but 1t lacks the irritating
power Of the early morning exercises
Sooner or later public opinion will bt
aroused. Those boys will be dragged
from their perch. figuratively II no
literally. and peace and quiet will reigr
in the eponymous capital Of the con
eracy.-Blackwood's Magazine.
The river press., 1908-03-25
Boycott Is illegal.

WASHINGTON, March %. - The
American FEEDER alton of Labor, Presi-
dent Gompers and others of that
organization were permanently en-.
joined from "conspiring, agreeing or
combining to restrain, obstruct or
destroy the business of the Buck
Stove e. Range company, in dec
ision rendered by Chief Justice
Clsbsugh, of the supreme court Of the
District of Columbia. Today's dec
ision bars the ieder alton from in any
manner calling the attention OF the
public to the business Of the Buck
Stove & Range company or the put:
ting Of that company on the "unfair"
list and from stating that the com
pany's product should not be purch ss.
ed either in Missouri or anywhere
else.
The river press., 1908-03-25
THE NATIONAL CONVENTIONS.

The work of selecting delega ates to
the national conventions of the sew.
eral political parties is now iu pro.
gress, and the friends of the candi.
dates for presidential nominat alton
honors are watching the returns with
considerable interest. In every state
and territory, the busy season OF the
politician has commenced.
The first OF the national conventions
will be held by the populists in St.
Louis on the second day of April.
The necessity for the convention does
not appear to be apparent to many Of
the voters of the country, but the part,
Of protest must have its innings and i,
has set its convention early to be sur,
Of receiving attention. April conven
tions are novelties. and the pops viii
attract more notice than they woul,
later in the year.
Montana will be represented at tn,
socialist national convention, held i,
Chicago on May 10, by seven dele
gates. Only ten other states in tn
country will have larger deleg atious
1t 10 declared that in proportion T.
the voting population, Montana has
The river press., 1908-03-25

larger socialist representation than
any other state. In all there will be
218 delegates to the convention.
The prohibitionists will Assem- BILE
for their nomination in May: their
convention will be held at Columbus,
Ohio. The convention, by reason Of
the great strides that the prohibition
movement has made this year, will
possess more than its ordinary sig.
nifcance. II is predicted that the pro-
hibition vote next year will show .
decided gain.
The republican convention, which
will meet in Chicago June l6, is the
one in which the chief interest centers.
Not since the convention in 1883, when
Blaine might have had the nomin alton
had be not refused it, has there been
so much interest in the nomin sting
convention OF the republicans. Mr..
Roosevelt has left q clear field for the
aspirants in his party and, right now,
it is anybody's race.
II will be July when the democratic
meet in Denver: they will have all the
other platforms before them and will
frame their declaration to meet wha,
appear to them to be the weak points
in the other announcements: but there
seems to be no doubt as to who will
be named in Denver: the opposition
to Bryan is leaderless and withou,
Gpirit
The river press., 1908-03-25
Recalls Senatorial Scandal.

BUTTE, March 23.-John h. Well.
come, one Of the largest individu al
ranch owners of the state, died at
noon today Of pueuomina At his home
in Madison county. He was ~ years
old and native of New York.
During the memorable session OF
the Legislature in 1898, Mr.. Welcome
became . central figure, having
charge Of the Clark campaign for
United States senator. In connection
with that campaign he Was alleged to