The sun., 1908-05-14

the property rights OF the Individual Ar'
subordinate to the rights Of the community
and specially that the waste Of wild timber
land derived originally from the State. In.
volvlnG a. Il would the impoVsrishment OI
the State and lis people and thereby defeat.
Ing one great purpose Of government, me ,
properly be prevented by State restrictions.
The court says that there are two reason'
why the right Of the public TO control and
limit the use Of private property iS peculiarly
applicable to property in land; First. such
property is not the result Of productive labor.
but is derived solely from the State itself,
the original owner second, the amount oi
land being Incapable Of increase, II the owners
OF large tracts can waste them at will without
State restrictions, the State and t' people
may be helpleAsly impoverished and one
great purpose Of government defeated.
The Court Of Errors and Appeals Of New
! Jersey has adopted a similar view, which
has recently been sustained by the Supreme
| Court Of the United States. In delivering
the opinion Of the court on April g. nos. Mr..
Justice Holmes said; The state as quasi
sovereign and representative Of the interests
Of the public has standing in court to pro-
teot the atmosphere, the water and the forests
within its territory irrespective OF the assent
most Immediately concerned It Rp-
pears 70 us that few public interests are
more obvious. indisputable and independent
OF particular theory than the interest OF the
public Of q State 10 maintain the rivers that
are wholly within II substantially undiminshed
except BY such drafts upon them as the
guardian Of the public welfare may permit
for the purpose OF turning them TO a more
perfect use. This public interest is omni-
present wherever there is q State. and grows
more pressing as population grows.
We are Of opinion further that the con
stitutional power Of the State TO insist that
lts natural advantages shall remain unim-
paired by It's citizens Is not dependent upon
any nioe estimate Of the extent Of present
use or speculation as to future needs. The
legal conception Of the necessary Ia apt to
be confined TO somewhat rudimentary wants,
and there are benefits from great river
that might escape a lawyers view. But the
state Ia not required 10 submit even to an
'esthetic analysis. Any analysis may be
inadequate II finds itself In possession Of
what all admit TO be a great public good
and what Il has II may keep and give no one
a reason for its will"
These decisions reach the root OF the idea
Of conservation OF our resources 10 the interests
Of our people
Finally. LEI us remember that the con-
servatlon OF our natural resources, though
the gravest problem OF to-day, is yet but
part Of another and greater problem 10
which this nation Is not yet awake. but to
which Il will awake In time, and with which
II must hereafter grappe II II Is to live
the problem Of national efficiency, the patri-
otto duty Of insuring the safety and con-
tinuance Of the nation. When the people OF
tho United States consciously undertake to
raise themselves az citizens and the nation
and the States in their several spheres to
the highest pitch Of excellence In private.
state and national life, and TO do this be-
cause It Ia the first OF all the duties Of true
patriotism. then and not tlll then the future
Of this nation, In quality and In time. will
be assured.
IL was 2:4j o'clock when the President
again entered the East Room and the con
ference Of Governors was resumed. Mr..
Roosevelt said that he should 10 unable TO !
remain in the room throughout the session
as he had much work to do, but that he
should open each session and remain as
long as possible He asked Gov Noel of |
Mississippi TO preside over this afternoon's |
meeting and Gov. johnson Of Minnesota |
70 preside over the session tomorrow morn |
ing The President then introduced An |
drew Carnegie, who read paper on "Tbe |
Conservation Of Ores and Related Minerals"
Mr.. Carnegie spoke in part as follows:
ANDREW CAENEOlKs Address.
Me. PRESIDENT AND GOVERNORS. You
have begun to make history to-day, for
never before has the national governor
lalled all the State Governors into confer
snce. The President has acted upon the J
axiom that while It is well to follow good
1recedents it is better TO make them. f
4 no new question with which you have TO
leal. My province to-day is to ask your
attention to the situation as affected by
,ur mineral supplies. chiefly iron aud coal.
Coal consumption II increasing at An
astonishing rate. During the period for
which statistics have been gathered il has
doubled during each decade Of late il has
more than doubled, IN 1907 the production
vas about ijO.OOO.OOO tons. Al this rate
II increase the production in 1917 will be
" OOO 0OO tOhs, in 1927 l,sOOOOO 900 tons
md In 1887 over $500 OOO. 900 tons.
All estimates Of future consumption and !
destruction of coal are liable to error. vet !
making all reasonable allowance. tmIrss !
here he careful outstanding or rryolutioni1-
~ lNNtutiOlAN VI holllf lhuNNlIldl TeNOlu .
lon comes which cannot now be- foresren. |
he greater part Of that estimated a,j,0 oOo.-
JO.OJ tons Of coal forming our original |
ertase will be gone before the end of the
ext century, say 2OO years hence.
still more Wasteful than our processes
I mining are our methods OF consuming
Oa OF all the coal burned in the power
lants OF the country not more than from |
pei cent to 10 per cent OF the potential
nergy is actually used, the remaining 90
er cent. to rs per cent Is absorbed in render
lg the smaller fraction available in actual
otk. In direct heating the loss Is less.
ut in electric heating and lighting It Is much
In ordinary electric light
Iants hardly one-ffth Of one per cent. one
10Th part, OF the energy Of the coal Is actually
tilted. There is al present no known J
.medy for this. I
The total production OF iron ore in the '
nited States up to 1890 was some 27S 600 900 e
ms. In the next ten years II was nearly 200
% 900, and in the seven years from 1901 10 U
07 more than 10000 600 tons were produced. !
nearly as much as the total for the nrgt I
injury Of our history. The aggregate pro. I
lction to date, 80, 900, 900 tons. is about I ?
le-thirteenth Of the estimated original j
Ipply. Al the recent rate OF increase (doub. X
lg each decade, the production Ia 1918 will Q
Iceed ioO.OOO.OOO tons, by 1928 2OO. 100000 '
ns and by 1885 1t will be over IOO, ,OOO, 900 tons
/, 2, In that single year, which many OF us y
ay expect 10 see. an amount approIimatinR u
q entire production In the United States up
the close Of last year, By that date about
III Of the original supply will be gone and l'
Ily the lower grades OF ore will remain. c.
ID all the ore now deemed workable will be u
ed long before the end OF the present CEN O.
ry.