davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1908-04-11

Where is that warm wave predicted
by the California astronomer?
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1908-04-11

There is one thing that makes Pete
Davis extremely sore and that is that
county convention without his know
ing anything about It.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1908-04-11

The Lowell Souvenir has a big col
umn of boost for Tom Grant. the re-
occasion to stick the spurs into Sheriff
Fred Carter.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27

in India not far from Golconda, which
was the chief city to which the diamonds
were taken and sold The diamonds of
Brazil were first discovered in l72S. They
were found in deposits of clay, quartz,
pebbles and sand buried under about
80 feet of other earth. They lay along
the banks of rivers and in few cases
were mbedded in sandstone. 1t was the
same with the diamonds of Borneo, of
British Guiana. Australia and California,
and also of those which we're first dis
covered along the Vaal river near here
in South Africa.
1t is now over 40 years since the first
African diamond was found A man
named OReilly-not the one who ran the
hotel, but John OReilly,f the hunter
made the first diamond discovery 1t
was when he was stopping over night
with a Boer farmer not far off from
Kimberley. During the evening he saw
the children playing with some beautiful
pebbles. He admired the stones and
took some home with him. To his sur
prise he found one would cut glass, and
upon showing it to a jeweler he was told
that it was diamond and worth $500.
Two wears after that another big stone
was discovered by a Hottentot, who
tr.. ed 1t to this same Boer farmer for
$4,000 The Boer sold it to a diamond
merchant and 1t was sent to England and
was eventually sold to the Countess of
Dudley for 100000.
These two finds set South Africa crazy.
Diamond seekers came at once by the
thousands, and the Vaal and Orange
rivers We're soon covered with mining
camps. Men went about everywhere
digging up the gravel and searching for
stones. AS the river beds became ex-
hausted, the miners spread out over the
country, and finally got here to Kimber
ley, which is IS miles from the Vaal. One
day Boer discovered some diamonds in
a clay bed out of which he was taking
material to build a mud hut. He kept
on digging, and the result was the
Dutoitspan mine, which has proved one
of the richest diamond pipes ever found.
About the same time other claims were
taken up and developed and as result
came the five great mines which now
form the basis of the De Beers syn
dictate. Z
As the miners went down into the earth
the area In which the precious stones
were discovered became narrower and
narrower, until at last 1t was in each
case found to consist entirely of a sort
of blue rock or clay inside great walls
of other and harder rock. These walls
were in the shape Of pipe, and the
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27

pipes were found to extend down, down,
down into the earth, and each was filled
with this blue ground. AS the miners
went down the diamonds did not diminish.
They were found everywhere plentifully
scattered through the blue clay, and this
is so at the depths where they are mining
today, although in the Kimberley pipe
the lower levels are more than one-half
mile from the surface.
The Kimberley Mine.
The Kimberley mine gives one an ex-
cellent idea of how the diamonds lie in
these pipes in the earth. The pipe be-
gins with great funnel which at the top
has a mouth covering 80 acres and
which slopes down to the pipe proper
the inside of which is about eight acres.
The Kimberley mouth is, judge, about
800 feet wide, and it slopes evenly down
on all sides. The pipe itself is almost
round. Its walls are of a black rock;
they are almost as regularly shaped as
though cut out by a chisel, and they mar
row only slightly as they go down for
more than $500 feet. For that distance
this area of eight acres was all composed
of blue rock carrying diamonds, and the
mine is producing millions of dollars
worth of diamonds still The first earth
was dug up with pick and shovel and
washed in a rude way. Then wires were
run down INTO the mine and the blue
around was carried up by means of them
1t is now elevated by great engines
through shafts outside the mine itself,
and a continuous line of steel cars rising
all day long, Something like 100000 car
loads were taken up last year, and there
are now more than million loads lying
out on the floors, in order that the wind.
the rain and the sun may weather
them that the diamonds can be taken out.
The value per load is only few dollars,
-. tae.'e must be at least 100000 worth
of diamonds in the ground on the Kim
berley floors.
| walked around the Kimberley mine
with its manager, Mr.. G. M. Henrotin, an
American mechanical and mining engi-
neer who graduated at Cornell in the
class of 1897, and the son of the former
president of the Women's clubs of the
United States He tells me there are
more than a million and a quarter loads
of this precious clay above the level at
which his men are now working
Underground In the Dutoitspan.
1t was in company with another Amer
lean mining engineer that explored the
underground workings Of the Dutoitspans
one of the largest diamond mines Of the
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27

and negroes are employed, and in busy
seasons the miners work day and night.
Scenes In the Mines.
1t was in company with Mr.. Fuller that
| went through the Dutoitspan. The
mines are dirty and the rock Is so sharp
that 1t cuts ones shoes. For this reason
we were given boots of sole leather such
as are used by the miners, and were CLAD
in miners clothes.
Entering the shaft, we dropped quickly
to the 750-foot level and made our way by
foot through the tunnels into the great
pipe. We went along a car track, passing
trains of this blue ground hauled by
American electric locomotives. AS the
cars reached the shaft they were dumped
without stopping. Their contents fall into
a great iron skip and touch of button
sends them to the top. The arrangements
are such that two boys can unload 1000
cars in eight hours, and so that, working
all day, they can hoist 1900 cars to the
surface.
AS we watched the blue ground flying
by / asked Mr. Fuller to give me some
idea of the profits of the mining. He re-
piled that the Dutoitspan was one of the
t4e,4est of the De Beers company's prop
critics, and that the profit on the ore then
going up was something like $4,000 a
day That means $500 an hour day and
night or $25 per minute, week In and
week out In addition to this the blue
ground pays the mining expenses,
amounting to $4,000 per month, and of
that more than 100000 is for wages
alone Talk about your golden streams
AS for me l would prefer one of these
streams of diamonds.
We passed a continuous line of such
cars on our way into the mine proper,
and then walked for miles through the
tunnels made in the pipe to get out the
blue ground. Much of the mine is I'M
lighted. and we had to pick our way
along with candles, Jumping to this side
and that to avoid being run down by the
cars The tunnels are just about as high
as ones head and just wide enough for
the cars to run through them. They are
cut here and there by cross tunnels, and
at times we could see an electric light at
a crossing a mile or SO in the distance
Blasting Out Diamonds.
Everywhere we went the natives were
working Here they We're loading the
blue rock upon cars, and there they were
dumping it down through the wells to
the reservoirs below. In one place they
were blasting. The rock is of such ma
ture that compressed air cannot be used
and the men were cutting holes five feet
deep by means of long chsels worked by
hand. Many holes are made in cham
Der and then the blasts are all set Off at
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27

world. This was Mr. ]. t. Fuller, grad
uate of the Lehigh university. In fact,
all of the mines here are managed by
Americans. They were opened up and de-
veloped by Mr.. Gardiner Williams, who is
now a resident of Washington, and their
present general manager is Mr. Alpheus
Williams, his son.
In another place / shall speak of the
workmen and tell how they are handled
outside the mines. An army of over U.s.
600 is here employed and of these more
than 1900 are natives who are kept in
guarded compounds and who are not al
lowed to go outside during the terms of
their contracts
lit come with me and take a look at
the Dutoitspan. This is the mine which
was discovered by the farmer when he
was building a clay hut. 1t is the biggest
of all the mines of the De Beers company
and so large than the Kimberley pipe and
the De Beers pipe, which together are
now producing something like $4,000, 900
worth of diamonds every twelve months
could be lost inside it. 1t has thirty
eight miles of tunnels in its underground
workings and that although it is not yet
one-third as deep as the Kimberley
Before entering the mine / was
shown the maps of the surveyors. The
blue ground area covers about 50
acres, and this is all drawn to a scale
so that one can tell the condition of
every tunnel from the surface down to
the 750-foot level where the bottom
now is. A great shaft has been sunk
outside the pipe; and tunnels have been
run in at intervals of 40 feet to get the
diamond earth out. By this shaft this
3O-acre pipe has thus been explored to
q depth equal to one and one-half times
the height of the Washington monu-
ment. and the blue ground has been
found peppered with diamonds through :
out. From some of the upper levels
much of the ground has been extracted,
but mining is now going on at evel Y
level, the amount of earth taken out
decreasing until at the bottom there
are little more than the tracks used
to carry the cars of blue clay to the
shaft.
All the ore is taken from the lowest
level. Great wells have been sunk
through the pipe from top to bottom
and the blue ground of each height is
carried through tunnels to these wells
and dropped into reservoirs at the bot
tom. There 1t is loaded by gravity into
the cars which carry 1t to the shaft. At
present they are raising 10000 loads
to the surface every day. -Four thous-
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27
By Frank G. Carpenter


once. cannot describe the terror In
spired by these blasts as they 20 off
down there, 800 or 600 feet below ground
The boom is like that of a big naval
gun, and it strikes the drum of your ear
as though it would break it, The vibra-
tlon blows out the candles, and the dyn-
amite nils the tunnels with a sickening
smoke. Thirty-six thousand blasts are
shot off in that mine every week and
nevertheless the accidents are few Dur
ing the past year only two men have been
Killed. and this is small mortality con-
sldering that there are 1000 native work.
men and that the mines are usually OPP
Grated both day and night The amount
OF explosives used is enormous. In 1900
In all the mines of the De Beers company
there were consumed more than 5000. 600
pounds or dynamite, and to set this Off
We're used more than 600 coils of fuse each
"a inches long. The De Beers company
mas its own dynamite factory not far
from cape Town. 1t finds it cheaper and
SAFER to make its own explosive
A Great Organization.
In going through the mines and works
l have been surprised at the care and
economy everywhere shown. Although the
company pays big dividends not a cent
Is allowed to go to waste, and the most
careful watch is kept to avoid any ex-
Dutoitspan we passed chamber where
an electric light was burning, although
the work had been stopped for the trme
The man in charge was reproved, and the
light put out. In another place a white
boy who was keeping tally of the car
allowed one to go by which was not quit.
full. He was warned that he must not
credit half cars for full cars, and that he
would lose his job if he did not keep his
eyes open. The same economy is shown
in the engine rooms, in the washing ma
chimes, in the management of the blue
ground on the floors. and, in fact, in
every part of the works. The De Beers
company pays big dividends because 1t is
thoroughly well managed, and it make
one feel proud to know that, although
operated almost entirely by British capi-
tal the managers are Americans.
In another letter I shall take you over
the floors where the blue clay melts from
the diamonds and leaves them out in the
sun, and also into the mighty washing
factories where the brilliants are taken
out and made ready for shipment to all
parts of the world.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27
Frankie. Carpenter visits the great
mines of the DE Beers company.


Copyright. 1908, by Frank G. Carpenterr)
Kimberley.
Kimberley is the Lords greatest treas
ure vault. Stored away here in five
mighty pipes of hard rock, going down
no one knows how deep into the earth
is a blue clay sprinkled with diamonds
Already more than s50O000,0OO worth of
precious stones have been taken from
them, and there are still hundreds of mil
lions in sight. For many years the sales
have amounted to from twenty to thirty
million dollars, and there are today lying
out here in the open fields, still mixed
with this clay, diamonds which would
have set Aladdin crazy or made covetous
the heart of Sinbad the sailor.
The Diamond Capital.
These mines lie right close to Kimber-
ley. They form necklace around it. and
that one of the most valuable necklaces
on earth. The necklace is decorated anew
every year with s25,OOO,OOO worth of brill
liants, which are taken from their mines
They are allowed to blaze away for d
few months under the African sun. and
are then shipped off to dazzle the draw
ing rooms of all parts of the globe
The town is a strange one to be the
capital of such wealth. 1t has no palaces
nor skyscrapers, and, like the jewels OF
Portia, its treasures are kept in caskets
of lead. The offices of the diamond trust
themselves are no better than many "a
6x9 factory in the United States and a
few thousand dollars would equal the
cost of any building inside the town.
The most of the houses are bungalows of
brick rooted with galvanized iron. They
all have wide porches about them, and
many have gardens filled with beautiful
flowers. The city has wide streets and
amusement grounds. 1t has a theatre,
churches and hotels. Its stores are large
and it's business is good. The city is
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27

lighted by electricity and it has all the
modern Improvements. The water comes
from the Vaal river which is seventeen
miles away.
A Bird's-Eye View of the Mines.
All of the mines are within a rifle shot
of the center of Kimberley. If we climb
to the top of the higher buildings we may
see the skeletons of the washing ma
chimes on every side and between them
the vast weathering floors where the
precious earth containing the brilliants is
allowed to lay and melt. Moving to them,
from the mines, are great lines of what,
in the distance, seem to be ants. They
are marching in single file and are racing
with one another as they pass to and
fro. Now take your glass and you will
see that each ant is a steel car filled With
diamondiferous earth, and that it is fly
ing along under a wire cable from the
mines to the fields. These fields are called
floors Every mine has Its own MOOR
and in every direction you can see the
cars moving The black pygmies who are
handling the cars are the natives, and
the white ones on the outside are the
guards to see that the blacks do not steal
as they work.
Now turn your glass again to the mines.
About each is a mighty pit dug out of the
earth. That is the opening of the mine,
the wide basin, where the earth mas been
cut away until the great rock pipe, which
contains the blue clay and the diamonds,
is found.
Pipes of Diamonds.
Until these Kimberly mines were dis
covered, all the diamonds found were
picked up out of gravel which lay in or
near the surface of the earth. The In
dian diamonds, among which were the
Kohinoor, the Great Mogu1, the Regent
and the Orloff, came from alluvial wash
ings composed of a mixture of broken
sandstone, quartz, jaspar, flint and gran
ite The deposit was about 20 feet thick
and was covered by a few feet of black
cotton soil. 1t lay near the bed of a river
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27
Tantalus In Petticoats.

From Punch.
Stella--A dreadful experience, you say?
Bella-Yes. l saw great bargain In
shoes when had hole in my stockingi
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1908-09-27

lighted by electricity and it has all the
modern improvements The water comes
from the Vaal river, which is seventeen
miles away
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
NOTICE.

The annual Stock Holder s Meeting of the Farmers Union Warehouse Co. will meet at the court house in Prescott on the first Saturday in September, 1908 at 9 a. m. We request all stock holders to be present at said meeting. There will be full set of officers to elect and a warehouse manager to be en- ployed and much other business to attend to. We request all members to be present at said meeting. w. C. Jones, Pres.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
PROGRAM TONIGHT:
THE PASSION PLAY.

Schedule at the Theatorium to- night for passion play. Two per formances ONLY. as follows:
 1st. performance begins at 8:15
 1st. performance ends at 9:2C.
 Intermission of 10 minutes.
 2d. performance begins at 9::3O
 2d. performance ends at 1O:4O.
 Those arriving late for the first performance should wait for the second as the house will be va cated after the first performance This arrangement is made in or der that every one will have a chance to see this excellent play without being crowded.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
OUR CORRESPONDENTS.
WALLACEBURG.

The protracted meeting at Macedonia will close this week.
 The Holiness meeting at Bells Chapel will commence next Fri day night.
 The wow, Odd Fellows, and Masons have made arrange ments to have a picnic on Aug. 12 at this place and have invited all the neighboring lodges to par ticipate
 E. T. Wells and wife who have been taking in Hot Springs for the last two or three months for his health, returned home Thurs day night.
 The Quarterly Conference of the M. F. Church convened last night at Ebenezer. The singing school at Blevins commenced last week with Prof Erwin with a good attendance.
 The local Odd Fellaws had work in all the degrees Thurs day night and finished about 3 o'clock a. m.
 The saw mill at this place is now putting in full time.
 make motion that Bro. Jim Snodgrass be elected president of the organization known as the Sons of Rest for life, and that he hold his office on any corner in town where they will permit him, but under no conditions will he be allowed to enter any house as he might discover some vic tuals as it is against their by laws to act in any manner like work, as he might be tempted to over exert himself and violate his obligations.
 Three or four covered wagons passed through here on their way to Nashville expecting work at the big saw mill.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
Advertised Letters!

The following is the list of letters re- maining unclaimed in this office for the week ending August 3, 1908, and if not called for by Aug. IT. 1908, will be forwarded to the Dead Letter Office. GENTLEMEN. LADIES. J. D. Crow Miss Emma Anderson w. Dixson Lula Anderson. Cleve Gentry Anna Hardy Charley Pace Mrs. Olive Williams When calling for the above. please say advertised.
 JACK CRIMSON. P. M.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
HARRY k. THAW
 IS A BANKRUPT
Alleges His Creditors Are Pressing Unfair Claims
 U pon H m.

Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. 9. Alleg- ing that his creditors are press ing unfair claims against him, and that he is unable to pay, Harry K. Thaw. slayer of Stan ford White, this evening through his attorney, Chas. Morschauser of Poughkeepsie, NY, and ex- Governor Stene of Penn, filed petition in bankruptcy in the U. s. court h ere. Detective Roger O'Mara of Pittsburg was named as receiver for Thaw's estate and gave bond in $2OO, 900.
 In his bankrupcy papers, which were signed by Thaw yes- terday while outside of the Poughkeepsie jail, he shows some startling figures. He places his assets at SIPS, 992 and
 
 his liabilities at $453, 40. Thaw, through his attorneys, sets forth plainly that he does not believe he owes the $453, 40. He names thirteen creditors and gives the amount they claim he owes. Of this number only.two are disput- ed. He admits to owing Mrs. Mary C. Thaw, his mother, $19l, : 500 and he also approves the claim of Roger O'Mara for $4OO fees as detective. Then fol- lows in his paper a list of credi- tors and their amounts.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10

Henry Watterson, editor of the Louisville Courier Journal. chair man of the Democratic National Campaign Committee, has ap- pointed Clio Harper, editor of the Arkansas Democrat, as the only member of the press committee of advertisement for Arkansas.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
EMMETT.

Miss Birdie McClannahan of Hope was visitor here the past week.
 Mrs. Florence Johnson and Clip McMillian Of Prescott are among the late visitors here.
 J. R. Curly and little niece are spending a few days with our genial blacksmith Curly.
 MT. Roberson and daughter of Hope are looking around for a house suitable for boarding.
 Mir. Barton and wife are in Texarkana visiting their daugh- ter.
 Miss Bessie Philips Wiggins of St. Louis came down Saturday to visit parents.
 Douglass Garland of Little Rock is at home for a few days.
 MT. Thomas Hughs and wife of LittleRock are visiting here.
 Mr. Biard of Waldo is here.
 Sheriff Hood was at home Sun day.
 Mrs. c. F. Beauclair was in Hope few days ago consulting a physician.
 J. o. Bryan of spent Sunday at home.
 Dewitt Thompson of Dennison. Texas, and c. c. Daley of Tex arkana, are late visitors here.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
EoNvICTS A SUCCESS
 1 AS ROAD BUILDERS
laws George w. Donaghey
 And a Failure at Any [ h ing E l s e.

"Convicts are a success a as ,.d builders, D says Geo. w. Iouaghey next governor of
 kansas, land a failure at most
 ,vtbing else. They build good Isds and they build them cheap. Fhis is my observation in other kates in my recent tour, and bouah I have not boiled down . information secured on the [iu, I think my policy will be in ccord with the best results l |bund being attained. In his op- hing campaign speech, Judge Eorthington said he would work
 part of the convicts inside the kslls, manufacturing articles |ot made in the State now. l Lould like to see him do it. but | |udge Warrington has little hance to become governor of
 Arkansas. ,
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10

For Sale-Five Rip Rap
 |ointer pups. EllsWortn.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
METHODIST SUNDAY SCHOOL.

School conducted next Sunda y by Arthur Westmoreland. Prac- tical application of the lesson by M. w. Greeson. Hymns 40, 192, no, 29, 104.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
.CHU RICHES
 and PASTORS
QUARTERLY CONFERENCE.

The third Quarterly Confer ence for the Methodist Church in Prescott will be held tonight at the church at 8 o'clock. All officials of the church are urged to be present. T. D. SCOTT.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10
LITTLE ROCK
 NEWS BUDGET
Items Gathered at the State Capital By the Picayune's
 Representative

Little Rock, August 1O.-Hon. John l. Warrington, Republican candidate for governor, spent the day in Little Rock yesterday consulting some of the party leaders. He left last night to con- tinue his speech making tour. He will address the voters in Little Rock on the night of Sept. 2.
Daily picayune., 1908-08-10

Confederate veterans of this vicinity are today enjoying a big barbecue at the State Confeder- ate Soldiers Home at Sweet Home in celebration of the anniversary of the battle of Oak Hills. The local chapter U. D. c. arranged the program, which consists al. most entirely of speaking by prominent men of the state.