davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

the surface and leave exposed to the
sun all weeds that been cut off by
the knives two inches below. The cut
ting of the weeds below the surface
will destroy the roots and the tops be-
ing left on the surface will soon dry
out and die.
l don't believe any general rule can
be drawn as to how many times corn
should be cultivated other than to say
again good judgment should be used,
according to condition of season and
soil. Sometimes, it is only necessary
to cultivate three times; at other times
we must go through the fourth, and in
extreme cases l put men into the field
with single horse and a small five to
eight toothed surface cultivator after
the corn is well in the tassel. This
latter would occur during an extreme
ly dry year.
I am not in favor of ridging corn
with our central Illinois prairie soil
when laying corn by. Instead prefer tc
have my surface pillow blades set at an
angle so they will barely throw light
covering into the hills, which may
cover up any small weeds, but not tc
make what one would call a ridge.
can see no object in ridging, for al
laying-by time the corn roots form 6
complete network from one row to the
other and the center of the rows needs
protection as well as the hill.-Eugene
Funk, Bloomington, Ill
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

to the animal kingdom-the beautiful,
matchless honeycomb. Thus we see
the bees really perform variety Of
operations which are hardly excelled
even by man himself
Yet there is still another product
which the honey bee furnishes to the
commercial world of which I wish to
speak particularly. AS many know, the
worker bees of each colony are sup
piled with an organ which is of great
mportance-namely, the sting. For
without this weapon the hard earned
stores of the hive would soon be a
prey to all manner of marauders.
The sting of the bee is connected at
it's base with the poison sack. Poison
glands pour an acid secretion into this
sack, whence it is conveyed to the tip
of the sting. Chemical tests have
shown that formic acid contains con-
siderable medical as well as antisep-
tic properties.
That bee stings as an article of med
icine are becoming more and more pop
ular with each succeeding year, espe-
cially among homeopaths, is not to
be questioned. The properties of bee
poison are most wonderfully effective
in the human system.
| have for number of years been
called upon to furnish this article to
the medical profession, and it is no
doubt startling to the reader to know
how bee stings can be made an article
of commerce. My first order, some
years ago, was for 10000 bees to be
delivered alive in large bottle.
To say that this order disturbed my
sleep for a night or two is putting the
matter rather mild. 1 wanted to fill
the order, but did not know how to
bottle the bees and keep them alive
during transportation. l finally de-
cided to have made large tin oblong
funnel, with sliding gate in the tube.
The purpose of the gate is to prevent
the bees from crawling out when once
inside the bottle.
My method is to open a hive, find
the comb with the queen and set it
aside, then take as many of the other
combs as I desire from this particular
hive, and shake the bees into the fun
mel; the gate is then closed while an
other hive is opened. The funnel of
curse must fit into the mouth of the
| 3ottle and be made bee-tight to pre-
vent those bees which are on the in
] side from escaping.
| After the bees We're safely bottled
another difficulty arouse, and that was
the great danger of the bees suffocat-
| ing, for they seemed to fall to the bot
tom of the bottle and lie there like
so many beans, the side of the bottle
being too slippery for them to cling to
| I now make a post with several cross
arms for the bees to cluster upon
This permits the air to circulate al
around. the cluster and the bees are
able to stand much longer period OF
confinement. The mouth of the bot.
tie is covered with one or two thick.
nesses of cheese cloth and the bees de.
| livered by messenger
Sometimes I am instructed to maxi
the solution before shipping. This il
done by shaking the bees violently TO
a minute or two after being bottled
which process agitates them so tina
i they become enraged and extend thei
stings, when Immediately a quantit.
of alcohol is poured over them. TIL
bottle is then tightly corked and paraf
4 fined and delivered.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

and see beyond the range of vision OF
other men. He has more time to think
about what he sees, too. There is less
of noise and confusion. Estimates
formed in the quiet of the farmhouse
are more apt to be correct than when
made in the hurry and hustle of the
hot, unnatural life of the city.
As the farmer turns his eyes out
ward from his window he sees some
things he is sorry for. Grave prob
lens present themselves, and yet there
are many things to make the heart
glad. On the whole this is a good
world. There is more of good than
bad in it. And it is the work of the
farmer, by every means in his power.
to increase the good and do away with
the bad, as far as possible, thus max
ing the world better and happier.
Past the farmers window runs a
good, clean, smooth public highway
AS we watch the procession passing
over this fine thoroughfare the mind
runs back to the rough corduroy roads
that We're the first roads of the coun-
try. We have outlived the day wher
we Travelled by the mark of the ak or
the trees along our route. The change
has come gradually and it has been g
costly thing, costly in money and cost
ly in good, hard work, but the change
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06
GET BETTER THINGS TO EAT
Uncle Sam Is Forcing Manu-
facturers to Live Up to De-
mands of Food Law.

It is good news that DR.. Wiley of
the Agricultural Department is send
ing out regarding the operations of the
pure food law. He declares that 95
per cent of all manufacturers of and
dealers in foods, drinks and drugs
are supplying pure goods to their GUS
toners and labelling them correctly.
When the pure food law was pro-
posed dishonest manufacturers sent up
a pitiful wall that the business would
be destroyed, but DR.. Wiley insists that
this was pure buncombe and that no
disturbance has resulted. On the con-
trary, in many cases where manufac-
turers have been compelled to label
their products to show exactly what
they are the volume of business has in
creased amazingly. People who were
afraid to eat stuff that was shrouded
in mystery now buy it because the
label shows exactly what it is.
The great majority of manufacture
ers and dealers are absolutely honest,
and therefore the law did not affect
them at all, so it has proved to be a
good thing all around.
The only people who are really try
ing to oppose the law are the men
who make rectified whisky and those
who use chemical preservatives in the
preparation of foods and the makers
of artificial or imitation f1avors and
colorS.
AS nobody is obliged to drink whisky
there is really no need for alarm in
that quarter but the government is
prosecuting the dishonest manufac-
turers with such vigor that there is
good reason for the hope that we may
in time even get pure whisky-if we
want it.
The government has been extremely
active in prosecuting drug manufac-
turers, and the mails have been re-
fused to large number of fake prep
arations. 1t has been found that in
many cases the percentage of alcohol,
cocaine or opium stated on the label
does not correspond with the quantity
| found in the preparations, and hun
i dreds of cases have been prosecuted.
| DR.. Wiley is confident that the year
1908 will witness very few violations
of the law because manufacturers and
| dealers now understand that the gov
| eminent is in deadly earnest in this
| matter, and that if they offer for sale
| products harmful to health or incor-
rectly labeled, even if they are not
harmful, they must suffer the PEN
atty.
For all of this the great American
people are thankful.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06
NuBBlNs OF FARM NEWS

Samuel and David Lynn, father and
son, farmers of Buchanan county, Mis-
souri,, are accused Of having shot out
the eyes of Mrs. Mollie Seanlour, the
daughter of Samuel Lynn, in a quar-
rel. The blind woman made a pitiful
spectacle in court, but her father and
brother seemed unmoved.
The honey produced in the United
States last year would load a string
Of freight cars from Chicago to New
York. This is certainly sweetness
long drawn OUT
Boy hunters in Lee county, Illinois,
turned in 512 crows in one month and
received bounty of 10 cents for each
head. They also produced the scalps
of 142 ground hogs at the same time.
At rabbit hunt between the town
and country boys at Stafford, Kan,
the town boys got 445 and the country
| boys 45S. There were twenty guns on
each side and the wager was supper
for the entire crowd.
| So many citizens Of Chicago havs
gone into the chicken business that an
ordinance has been recently passed by
the city council forbidding the fowls
to be raised within fifty feet of a
dwelling and providing for the licens-
| ing of fowl raising and the sanitary
inspection of coops, roosts and nests.
| Boston bean lovers will be interested
to know that the Michigan crop was 60
| per cent of full yield last year, but
there are still about 100000 bushels
available for consumption. This will
be sufficient to hold US all for while.
The Chicago butter and egg board is
now undertaking to educate house,
wives so they may tell the difference
between real butter and butterine.
This is believed to be in the interest
of pure butter producers.
Charles H. Easily has $50 acres Of
fruit near Golden, Col, and has real-
lied over 100000 from cherries alone
during the past fifteen years.
1t is estimated that 100000 fruit
trees will be set out in the Yakima
valley next spring.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

onto skim milk and fed for a while
and then made ready for market by
feeding for a week or, two on whole
milk to put on a smooth finish and
improve their sale.
In feeding skim milk to calves over
feeding is dangerous and must be
avoided. Calves are more easily made
sick by being fed poor milk than pigs.
Skim milk has also been fed to lambs,
horses and colts with success.
Some dairymen feed it to their cows
and find it of more or less value. We
have fed it to our cows, mixed with
their grain and think it could be
profitably used for that purpose if
there were no other animals to which
it could be fed.
Buttermilk ranks close to skim milk
in feeding value. but its physical con-
dition requires that more care be ex-
ercised in feeding it than required in
feeding skim milk.
AS a stock food we have found but
termilk better adapted for pigs than
for any other animals, but would not
advise feeding it to very young pigs.
AS feed fer swine our experience
has led us to believe that it is about
the same feeding value as skim milk.
We would, however, prefer skim milk
on account of it's being less liable to
derange the animals digestive system.
Whey is by-product from cheese
and possesses more or less feeding
value when fed to swine in a judicious
manner. Most of the feeders prefer
to feed it sweet.
Some experiments show that it is OF
about one-half the feeding value OF
skim milk as a feed for calves, but
from our own experience we doubt the
truth of such an experiment.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06
BEE. STINGS AS MEDICINE
Poison Secreted by Insect Con-
tains Formic Acid, Which
Is Useful.
BY F. G. HERMAN.

To all students of the common
honey bee the fact of their marvel
ously varied functions is well known.
The bee gathers honey, which it di-
gests and stores. 1t gathers pollen
which it digests, regurgitates and
feeds to the brood and also the queen
and drones. They also gather propolis,
by means of which they glue their
combs to the hive and cover over Of
fensive matter in the hive. They also
use this to stop up cracks and smooth
over rough places.
They secrete wax, which is very in
teresting in it's makeup, transfer it
from the under side of their abdomen,
where it is secreted, to the mouth,
where it is kneaded and fashioned into
the most wonderful mechanism known
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06
THE FIRELEss COOKER

This cooker is becoming extremely
popular and they are being manufac-
tured and sold at So for a single vessel
and S12 to SIG for larger sizes. They
can easily be made by any handy man
at practically no cost. Provide
strong wooden box and place in the
center a vessel of the size desired.
This vessel should hold from to 3
gallons and should be of heavy block
tin or good enameled ware, which is
better. First cover the bottom of the
box with a sheet of asbestos and on
top of that place a layer of hay packed
tightly. Then place the vessel in the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06
FROM THE FARMERS WINDOW

The farmers window is good place
from which to look over the world.
The opinion we form of matter and
things depends very much upon the
point of view We occupy. The valley
is not the best place to take far looks
at the world. Often the fog hangs
over everything there. Mist settles
about objects, hiding the prospect. But
climb the hilltop and we get a better
view Then we are above the fog and
the mists everything stands out In
clear outline.
The farmer of the present time holds
a. high position in the world. From
! this positian he is able to 'eai far ou'
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06
ADVICE is IS YEARS OLD
What Writer in the Early Days
Thought About Poul-
try Raising.

=
The writer has been more or less
interested N poultry for the past thir-
ty-tve years, and has in his possession
literature that dates back to that
time.
1t is indeed interesting to know, in
these times of changes and improve
ments, that the advice given at that
early date was generally very sensible
and much of it has not been changed
at the present day.
Here are few extracts from a jour
nal long since defunct
Farmers who cannot by any of the
means adopted prevail upon their hens
to lay in the winter season. when eggs
are generally scarce and command higf
prices, are advised to try what virtue
there is in milk The experiment has
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06
SELECTING A GOOD FEEDER

A great deal of good corn is wasted
in feeding leggy steers. In selecting
feeders pick out the animal whose
body is close to the ground. He should
be as nearly as possible in the shape
of an oblong block. If he is narrow
in front and wide behind it shows that
he is of dairy breed and will not take
on flesh rapidly. The picture here
with is that of steer fed with twenty
five others last year and was the only
one in the lot which made no profit for
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

center of the box and pack it all
around closely with hay. This should
then be covered with heavy cloth in
order to keep the particles of hay from
falling into the vessel. On top of this
place a cushion 8 or A inches thick
stuffed with hay. The lid should close
tightly and be fastened with a clasp.
The cooker will be improved if the
box is lined throughout with asbestos
before packing with hay, although that
is not absolutely necessary. Bring
meat, vegetables, cereals or other food
to a boil on the stove, then place in the
cooker, closing all down tight. The
food will be thoroughly cooked in from
six to eight hours. Cereals placed in
the cooker at night come out in the
morning cooked to turn. The govern
ment is using these cookers for march
ing parties. The food is placed in the
vessels in the morning and when the
soldiers go into camp at night the
food is thoroughly cooked and can be
placed before the men i'll very short
time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

The real Irish shamrock has been
discovered growing in it's native con-
dition within the limits of New York.
Many people are sure that the sham
rock is the wood sorrel, while many
others claim that it is white clover.
There are those who deny that ST.
Patrick used the shamrock as the SYM
boil Of the Trinity, and declare that
the watercress is the real thing.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06
A GREAT WEED KILLER

This harrow is designed for cultivat-
ing corn and other crops just before
the plants are up, or while they are
young. BY removing the center teeth
it will straddle a corn row and cover
every inch of the ground thoroughly.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

The little town of Cannon City, Col,
shipped over 100000 worth of apples
last year. The fruit growers of that
section supplied the market with
strawberries all through September
and october and in some cases ship
ments were made for the Thanksgiving
trade.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

The material used should be 3x3 inches
and the teeth should be set to stand
backward at an angle of about as de-
grees. They should be square and set
diagonally SO that the sharp edge will
come in front.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

A company Of New Orleans men has
been formed for the development O
$4,000 acres Of land in the lower coas
section. 1t will all be planted IL
oranges and garden truck.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

Each student leaving the Northern
Minnesota School of Agriculture will
be given quart of No. Is red corn
and one apple tree.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

The American Sunday School asso-
citation has offered prize for the best
original article on Christian Princi-
pies in Our Rural Districts: How to
Make Thena Controlling Influence"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

The broomcorn harvest of central
Illinois last year produced material for
about 1s,000,000 brooms. Oklahoma
turned out about 250oo,000 of -coars-
err quality and Kansas about 100000.
The latter state raises nearly all the
broomcorn used in whisk brooms.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-06-06

Thomas Edison says he has invented
a dangerless electric motor which will
run a hundred miles without recharge
at the rate of twenty miles an hour
and that farmers living near electric
lines will find them better and cheaper
than the old fashioned buggy.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-10

their bill $500 because of the pen
atty claim. The pump was purchas-
ed from the Caldwell firm because
Of the assurance of delivery early
Ii the season, and an additional
sum of approximately $4,000 was
paid the Caldwell firm for the equip
ment. When the contract was drawn
penalty clause providing for the
forfeiture of $25 per day for each
days delay in the installation of
the pump above the time stipulated
in the contract was inserted. The
pump was not installed until 70
days after the contract time, and in
accordance with the terms of the
contract the city claims a penalty
Of $1,750. The proposal received by
the company last night was rejected
by the council and City Attorney
Cox instructed to further negotiate
with the Caldwell company.
Councilman G. c. Phillips offered
hlS IeSlS lldtlOu do IL ulGulUGI vi IHC
council last night, giving as rea-
son that he expected to be absent
from the city for several months
and did not believe it just that he
sould ask for a vacation for that
length of time. The resignation was
accepted, by motion of Salsberg.
Commissioner Booth was instruct
ed to proceed with the purchase of
new pumps for the downtown sewer
system and take the necessary steps
looking toward the installation of
the new water system west of Fifth
street.
The council adjourned to meet at
4:30 o'clock this afternoon, at
which time bids for supplying the
water pipe needed in the proposed
improvements will be opened
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-10
CITY limits
SALOONS TO q
ACTION TAKEN ON TABLED Or
DIMANCE TO PREVENT sA-
LOON STOCKS BEING MOVED
ERDM RESERVATION TO CITY.

The council last night took the
necessarily action looking toward the
exclusion of saloons from the reser-
Sax10n by the passage of an ordi.
nance which limits the number OF
Szas1nns to FL. The action, however,
haS been delayed a sufficient length
Of time to permit Cash Cole of Gull
dsszac and Thomas Craig of Vollmer
Ca raDpe their stocks to the city and
ser0na locations in which to conduct
1helr business, Mr. Cole has secur-
eii the 1nexpired portion of the city
7trense held by j. C. Kennedy, and
Mr. Craig will be granted a license
when his application is filed with
whe council. There are now 10 sa-
Lnuns In operation, and with the
opening of the two from the reser-
vat1an the limit established by the
new ordinance will be filled.
! 15he ordinance was first introduc-
ed In December, at which time it
passed the first and second reading
znE WIS referred. The measure has
weunained ton the table until called
anTth last night. 1t developed in the
discussion that it was probable sew
Gsral Of the reservation saloonkeep
@srx who have been compelled to
GNess because of the adverse court
decision will endeavor to secure To-
Gszfinns in Lewiston for the purpose
es gvssnming business.
The license to be paid was fixed
al SOD, a year and this sum will
rvTnzHn the same until the popula-
GRun of the city has reached 10000
assgr which time an increase of &c
wsr cent will be made for each ad
ssETEnsnal 1000. The ordinance pro
vffAss that no more licenses shall bt
7xEaed until the 10000 mark II
yauuzslation has been passed, afte1
vFhsrh the city may grant one Ii
ca1rs@ for each additional 5000 PEG
mlG-
g1fy Attorney Cox reported tina
Ma Ind been in correspondence will
GSRIdwen Bros, the company tina
EnEnAShen the new pump for the wa
eEr system, relative to settlemen
an San claim for $3.50 as a penalt
anr nUt Installing the pump as stipu
nzfna in the contract. The Caldwell
SEINE UiYared to reduce the amount Q
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-10
CHANGE IN NORMAL FACULTY.
Prof. H. C. Calhoun Has Resigned
Chair Filled by H. H. Halloween

At the regular monthly melting OF
the trustees of the Lewiston State
Normal school yesterday the board
took action on a vacancy in the rae
ulty caused by the resignation OF
prof. H. C. Calhoun of the chair OF
history and selected Harold II. Hal
Lowell TO fill the position. Prof.
Calhoun will leave the Normal after
the present school year to engage In
work elsewhere.
The recommendation to elect Mr.
Hallowell came after a careful
canvass of an eligible list of about
25 applicants, men of high scholarly
attainment, all having degrees from
universities of note, both in Ameri-
CO and Europe. Mr.. Hallowell holds
an A. B. and A. Nj. degree from the
University of PENNSYLVANIA, with
/ SPLENDID preparatory training and
subsequent success as an instructor.
He is at present an instructor OF
history in the Shattuck military
school at Faribault, MINI. He
comes highly recommended by ST.
mon Patton, the economist. by Prof.
James Young, director of the Whar-
ten School of Politics, and Prof.
| Rowe of Pennsylvania. He was
chosen as Harrison scholar for the
Wharton school in 1s04-19o5, an
honor only granted to the best men
OF the university.
He was elected TO the chair Of
European history, and will have the
work now carried by Prof. Calhoun
except the Latin, which is assigned
now to Prof. Chessman, who will b.
advanced to that position at the
beginning of the next school year,