davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
THE JEWISH BADGE.
Distinguishing Mark That Was Re-
quired by European Countries.

Distinguishing Mark That Was Re-
quired by European Countries.
To the Jews of today it is fairly well
known that their ancestors in Europe
were forced to put up with great
deal of humiliation One of the most
insulting methods was to require the
wearing of badge which would
The wearing of badge was made a
general order throughout Christendom
in the year 1915. but it must have been
required in isolated places before that
date.
The most usual form of badge was
that of ring of distinctive color at
tached to the upper garment Any one
of French-Jewish ancestry will know
that his forbears wore ring of this
sort, varying in size and in color--now
red, now yellow and white, according
to the whims of municipalities and
monarchs. 1t was generally worn upon
the breast, and at one time it was or
dered to be worn likewise upon the
back, so that a Jew might be known
'fore and aft When a Jew was
found without the badge, he was fined
Evidence of the wearing of this badge
is found as late as 1892 in France. The
forefathers Of the Spanish Jews car
ried yellow and red badge-the men
on their breasts, the women on their
foreheads. The wearing of the badge
was not so prevalent in Italy, but the
municipalities almost all required
it. The badge was known as the
90 from its shape, resembling prob
ably the ring in France. English Jews
should feel the distinction of having
had peculiar sort of badge forced
upon their ancestors. 1t was first in
the form of a band. first white and
then yellow. and later Jews were re-
quired to wear badge with the shape
of the tables of the law In Germany
yellow badges were worn. but here the
hat was the chief means of Identified
ton. In Austria and in Poland there
are few traces of the badge. but in
Hungary Jews wore badge on their
left breast. 1t is interesting to know
that in Crete at the present day some
of the houses of Jews are marked with
the ''o."-American Hebrew.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
A SUSPICIOUS PEOPLE.
Universal Distrust of Strangers In the
Russian Empire.

Universal Distrust of Strangers In the
Russian Empire.
"The usefulness of the cars chief
of police depends on his amount of
suspicion and his alertness in putting
1t into active use," says Thomas Ste
vens in book entitled Through Russia
on Mustang" at is suspicion every
where.
"For several weeks" says the au-
thor, 81 was thrown in daily intimate
contact with Sascha, my travelling
companion. He was transparent,
warm hearted young fellow, but from
first to last he never ceased to regard
me with suspicion.
"At one village he lost his passport.
Ten hours later after I had bribed an
official to let him proceed he confessed
in burst of confidence that he had
believed / had destroyed the passport
in order to get rid OF him. All day he
had nursed his suspicion. unsupported
by me, until had unwittingly cleared
myself by my bride to the police.
Among the peasants suspicion takes
curious forms. In a general way was
always under the ban of distrust. BY
the men was regarded as a secret
agent of the government. by the wom-
en- as wizard The host of an inn
always watched me closely to see that
| did not clear out and leave him un-
paid. He would even give sly peeps
into my room at night
81 was always being suspected of
trying to pass counterfeit money.
"'What makes them so long with the
changer l asked Sascha once.
"'They are afraid the money bad.
"'Weh. the change is only 80 ko-
pecks. We will not wait any longer
"'That would never do. Then they
will be sure it is bad
THE length of time | was kept wait
ing for change for a receipt depended
on the denomination of the bill For a
two ruble note the host would be salts
fed with the verdict of two or three
other capable financiers. A five ruble
note meant extraordinary precautions
and consultations with half the experts
of the village"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Mexican Rapid Transit.

The queerest mode of travel l saw
in all Mexico was that adopted by a
woman who was on her way to the
doctor. seated complacently in chair
borne on the back of a man. Some
Mexican women are afraid even of the
mule cars. while they look upon the
rapidly spinning trolley with such
trembling of knees they cannot be per
suaded to put foot upon it. Unable to
pay coach hire they employ the human
carrier at few cents for each trip
Travel Magazine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28

know soul who knew you except the
people at Aunt Ems, and Aunt En-
only knew your brothers address be-
fore he, gave up the fiat on Harvard
street."
She gazed at him wonderingly. al
never thought of that" she said slow
ly, "but you seemed to like Miss Hind
~"
Bradley laughed boyishly
"My dear girl, Miss Kindly was en-
gagged to my brother. 1t had not been
announced at the time, but he asked
me to be nice to my future sister-in-
law and get acquainted with her."
Katharine leaned forward impul-
sively.
"Then you didn't like her bit?'
she demanded.
mot a bit-that is, well enough for
a sister-in-law," he conceded.
ooh" she breathed contentedly.
ooh" he mimicked happily, draw
ing her head to his shoulder.
"Oh," said Kitty. awakening sud-
denly and gazing sleepily at the couple
by the fireside, "he isn't a bit Of an
ogre! He's more like a hero In my
story book that says, An they lived
happy ever afterward.'
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
The Swan.

The common or mute swan (the lat
ter is the correct name) is really an
English bird, though it is better known,
less rare and less expensive than the
three American breeds, the whistling
swan, the trumpeter and the whoop-
ing swan. named obviously for the pc
culiar note each sounds. American
swans are less common than the mutes
because of the fact that they will not
breed in captivity and also because
they are being killed in great numbers
by hunters, especially by the Eskimos
during the breeding season, when the
birds fly far north. The swans mott
early, before the newly Matched birds
are able to take care of themselves.
and it is popularity of the mott that
all of the wing feathers drop off al
most at the same time, leaving the
birds helpless. While the swa ns are
in this condition the Eskimos Stay
them with clubs. and the destruction
Of one pair of adult birds of course
means the death of nestful of little
ones.-St. Louis Republic
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
THE STOOL PIGEON.
Its Part In Capturing the Wild Birds
In Former Times.

In Former Times.
There are occasional reports of small
flocks of wild pigeons having been
seen i'll different parts of the United
States and Canada. Possibly these
are the harbingers of their return from
South America, whence they migrated
for some unknown reason fifty years
ago.
1t may not be generally known that
the somewhat odious term stool pi-
geon'' as used today arose from the
stool pigeon that used to be employed
in catching wild pigeons in former
times. They used to be so plenty that
they We're taken in great numbers by
the use of spring nets. These nets
varied in size, but were from two to
ten yards long and were half as wide
They were concealed as much as pos
sible, being partly covered with hay or
straw or whatever was most suitable
At each end was a strong spring, to
which ropes were attached, something
like 80 feet long, to where the watch
er was concealed. Close to the net was
stool, or stand, where the stool pi-
geon," usually tame or captured one
was placed. The pigeon was tied by
the feet to the stool, and from this
stool rope extended to the person in
concealment. Wheat or some other
grain was scattered about the net, and
when the flock was passing the rope
attached to the stool was pulled, caus-
ing the pigeon to rise and flutter its
wings in trying to escape. This at
tracted the attention of the passing
flock and induced them to light where
the grain had been scattered Then
slight pull on the ropes would release
the spring to the net. which would be
thrown over them so quickly that they
had no time to escape. Sometimes
many hundreds were captured in this
way at single haul.-Amateur Sports
man.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Took Kindly to the Water.

They tell this story of the experience
of two Maine boys in trying to catch
a woodchuck:
They had tried quite number of
times to capture the animal, but I'M
successfully. At last they decided to
drown him out; so, procuring four
pals, each took two, and they carried
water for two solid hours and poured
it into the hole in the ground in which
the said chuck had taken up his abode
Getting tired, they sat down. After
about half an hour the woodchuck
cautiously left the hole and deliberate
ly walked down to the brook and took
a long drink of water and then scooted.
much to the disgust of the two boys.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28

The group in the all night restaurant
had been discussing the odd things mo-
ticed on a city street. and several in
teresting subjects had been brought
up and satisfactorily explained. But
one who had not joined much in the
conversation suddenly propounded q
question which set them all guessing,
and many were the haphazard expla-
nations offered. why are the shafts
on hanson cab curved downward for
q foot or more at the forward end?"
he asked. A cab driver seated near by
listened with an amused smile to the
arguments and finally, excusing him
self for intruding N the conversation,
offered the following explanation:
when hanson cab is empty practi-
cally the entire weight is forward of
the wheels When horse falls the
shafts, with all this weight, 60 down,
too, and IL the shafts were straight 30
rious injury could be done to the horse
from the pressure while 1t was strug.
Cling. So the shafts are curved, and
when the horse falls the curved ends
rest on the ground and keep the weight
Of the cab off the animal "--Philadel
mia Rat.ord
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Not Necessary.

He laughed loud and long as he put
aside the paper
whats the matter?' asked the man
who was sitting at the next window Of
the club.
Here's an article about training a
dog" replied the man who had been
reading the paper. ''It says the first
thing to Go is TO attach the dog to
YOU
Thereupon the man laughed some
more.
well. what of it?" persisted the
man at the next window
why. hang it all exclaimed the
man who was so amused. "it seems so
absurd. you know. My experience is
that dog will attach himself to you
If you give him any provocation." TT
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Measuring a Spirit.

A man of st. Joseph. Mo-. relates a
story in connection with a spiritualistic
meeting once held in that town. A
man named Daniel Miller, who was
some six feet seven inches in height
had died recently.
The spirit of Daniel was called for
by some one at the seance mentioned
When it had appeared and announced
its readiness to reply to any question
some one asked:
"Are you in heavenY
"Yes." came from the shade of Dan
lei.
"Are you an angel. DAMP
eyes"
At this juncture the questionel
paused. having apparently exhausted
his fund of questions. But, TO the
amusement of all, he suddenly added
"And what do you measure from tip t,
tip, Dan ?"-St. Louis Republic.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Commercial EertiIizers.

The most economical use of CONNER
cial fertilizers is only reached when
they are applied in rotations in which
the soil is maintained In good moisture
condition by the use of barnyard ma
nure or the vegetable matter from
crops grown for the purpose.
Although the food elements in COM
mercial fertilizer form but one Of the
several conditions needed for the best
development Of the crop, 1t is impor-
tant that these elements should be
suited to the demands of the crop at
every stage of its growth, else the
product win not be as large as the 9th
er conditions would permit. 1t is the
most common practice to use this class
OF fertilizers with the annual crops,
and there are good reasons for such
practice, as shown by fertilizer exper-
irnents-W IT, Beal
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
A STRANGE PAGEANT.
Annual March of Mohammedans to tn,
Tomb of Moses.

Annual March of Mohammedans to the
Tomb of Moses.
One of the strangest of all the pag-
eants which are to be seen in Jerusa-
lem is the annual march of the Mo
hammedans to the tomb of Moses. To
them, as well as to Christians and
Jews, Moses is prophet of the high
est honor. But, rejecting the traditions
of the Hebrews. they refuse to believe
that he was buried in a valley in the
land of Moab. as is described in the
last chapter of Deuteronomy. Instead
they assert that he was buried where
he breathed his last, upon the summit
of Mount Nebo.
Therefore each year at the time of
the Greek Easter the faithful gather
by thousands in the early morning be-
fore the site of the temple of Solomon
in perfect silence waiting for day
break. Later the strange scene of quiet
is entirely transformed. fanatics dane
ing and preaching, hordes of dervishes
whirling about in mysterious sacred
dances and hundreds of exhorters rous-
ing the enthusiasm of their fellows.
The scene is gaudy with hundreds Of
red and green banners, and the only
semblance of order is in the semiregu-
lar organiZa tons of marchers.
At last the procession forms, with
the banners borne ahead. an imam
bearing the yataghan of the prophet
a chnrt CT irh cd Inv
the armies of Northumberland after
them more dancers and marchers.
A large part of the population Of Je-
rusalem gathers about the gate, out Of
which the procession moves toward
the Mount of Olives. but few besides
in the ranks of marchers. since death
has often been the penalty of an at
tempt by nom Mohammedan to make
this march to "Nebi-Mouca," the tomb
of Noses"
Traders of many kinds invade the
camp. for the marchers remain at the
mosque five days, and all their sup
plies must be bought from the wan
dering merchants. who make a bust
ness of looking after their needs. Aft
er the first excitement fanaticism
yields to good humor, and games and
banter fill the time for those who
have paid their duties at the tomb.
The mosque on Nebo Is one of the
most sacred of Mohammedan shrines
and one of the most difficult for a
Christian to approach.
An English traveller who brought an
order from the porte was denied adj
mittance. and. although in recent years
it has become possible to entcS it is
too early yet to forget the experience
of one traveller who came bearing ar
order of admittance from the sultan
himself.
"This frman," the guardian priest
said. commands me to let you enter the
mosque. VERY well; you can enter
But think well before you do So for
/ find nothing written here about let
ting you out again.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
SANG HER VERY BEST.
Frederick the Great Was Posted and
Marie Frausch Was Wise.

WdttC ddoSu was NNloN.
There is good story told of pIima
donna named Marie Frausch. who lived
in the time of Frederick the Great.
Whenever anything or anybody dis
pleased the naughty F'rausch she. after
the manner of prima donnas in gener-
al, would suddenly become too hoarse
to sing. One evening there was to be
sung an opera in her repertory. and ii
was expected that the king would at
tend.
AT the appointed hour the manager
came forward and announced that,
owing to sore throat. Fraulein
Frausch was unable TO appear.
The people were preparing to leave
the house. but his majesty rose and
commanded them to keep their seats.
A few moments afterward an officer
and four dragons entered the capri
cious singers room
"Fraulein." said the officer. 1.-The king
inquiries after your health"
THE king is very good" said
Frausch. with pout but | have a
sore throat
Ills majesty is aware of the fact
and has charged me to take you to the
military hospital to be cured
Fraulein. turning very pale. suggest
ed that they were jesting. but was told
that Prussian officers never INDUCED
in persiflage. Soon she found herself
in coach with four men.
Il am a little better now" Frausch
faltered, land | will try to sing"
Back to the theaterr' said the officer
to the coachman.
The fraulein began to think she had
yielded too easily. Il shall not be able
to sing my best" she interposed.
Pardon, fraulein," responded the of
ficer, but l think you WILL
"And why?"
Because two dragons in attend
ance behind the scenes have orders to
carry you off to the military hospital
at the least cough
Fraulein Frausch never sang better
than she did that night Chicago Rec
ord Herald.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Ancient Posters.

1t is probably the general impression
that posters and handbills are modern
inventions, but it has been discovered
that the ancient Romans practiced this
method of advertising In digging at
Herculaneum there was brought to
light a pillar covered with bills, one on
top of another. The paste used to stick
them was made Of gum arabic. The
bills, when separated and examined
were found to be programmes and an
nouncements of public meetings and
even election proclamations.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
The House
OF the Ogre.
By TROY ALLISON.
Copyrighted, 1908, by P. c. Eastment.

4 copyrighted, 1905 by P. c. Eastment. I.
{***.s. !. !.
Kittie Truesdell chung to her govern
ess' hand and told the story with ire
mors of delight
T.He lives up there all alone, Miss
Jarvis" she said in her shrill, childish
voice. land nobody knows-just what
--he-eatsw She peered closely at Miss
Jarvis face to see If it were covered
BY an appreciative pallor or other sign
OF overwrought nerves.
"Now, Kittie, some one has been fill
ing your little head with fairy tales"
Katharine Jarvis said indulgently. 1t
had not been long since she herself be-
1ieved in fairy tales, and even at TWEEN
ty-four she could enjoy a game Of
smake believe"
"Oh, but Jimmie Darnell said he saw
Just an awful looking man there. jim
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
UNCHANGED,

81 met Dunkey today for the first
time in years. He hasn't changed
much"
"Oh, he hasn't changed at all, but he
doesn't seem to realize it,"
GLOW do you mean?n
ooh, he's forever talking about what
fool he used to be. Philadelphia
Press.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Source Of information.

Singleton-You seem to know lot
about women.
Wedderly-You bet do.
Singleton-Got wise by studying the
ways of your wife. Ell?
Wedderly No: listen to what she
says about other women.-Chicagc
News.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
tIopelessly lnsolvent.

$50 Meier has gone to smash, T
hear"@
eyes: even if he had been a giraffe
one could have said with truth that he
was up to his ears in debt" -Meggen-
dorfer Batter.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28

"Now. Elsie" said the schoolteacher.
''can you tell me what panther ISL"
'Yeth. ma'am." lisped the little miss.
"He 18th man that makths panths.'
Kansas City Independent.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Rv Rinht ~ nir.L

Hunter-Are you an American citl,
zen, Pat? Pat-Faith, an am that
was born in Donegal, but twas on
the Fourth Nv July. Harper's Weekly
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28

Simplicity formsa main Ingredient in
q noble nature.-Thucydldes
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28

Every great crisis develops some
master mind as well as multitude of
surprises.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28
Blame
No One But Yourself
if You Don't Get
Well When Sick.
All we can do is give advice.

AL we CdIl 10 - give duNlCc.
OF course that's easy.
But our advice is really worth a little
more to you than most peoples. for we
offer to give you the first bottle Of our
medicine free. if it fails to help you.
We could not afford to do this unless
our medicine was good. Such an offer.
on the wrong kind Of medicine, would
put a merchant prince in the poor house.
DIR. Miles Nervine, however, as years
Of experience have proved, is a medi-
cine that cures the sick.
Those whom 1t cannot benefit-less
than one in ten thousand-we prefer to
refund their money.
All we ask of you is to try DIR. Miles
Restorative Nervine for your complaint.
II you suffer from sleeplessness, nervous
exhaustion, dizziness. headache. mus
cular twitchings, melancholy. loss OF
memory, weak stomach, poor blood.
bilious troubles, epilepsy. st. vitus'
Dance, etc, we will guarantee to benefit
you or refund your money.
You are the doctor.
my son Bert, when in his 18th year
became subject to attacks of epilepsy
so. serious that we We're compelled to
take him out OF school. After several
physicians had failed to relieve him, we
gave Or. Miles Nervine n trial. Ten
months treatment with Nervine and
Liver Pills restored our boy to perfect
health. MIR. JOHN s. WILSON,
DeAity Co. Clerk, Dallas Co., Mo.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28

FP EE Write us and we will mail
L ACGG you a Free Trial Package OF
pr. Miles Antl-Pain Plus, the New,
Scientific Remedy for Pain. Also Symps
your case and tell you what is wrong
and how to right it. Absolutely Free.
Address: DIR. MILES MEDICAL 40,
LABORATORIES, ELhIiART, IND.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-28

ME peelled through the hedge and
didn't dare let himself be seen. He
was afraid even then that the man
would say.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-07-07
FIRE. IPolR1'' AL PRINceH
Explosion In Arsenal Cnuaes Renewal
sy of Flames nntl yrttch nm MIR 90. 81 saSS 81


Explosion In Arsenal Cnuacs nemewa1f
Of Flames and Mnch Dnniage.
PORT Az PRINCE, July s,--The disc
astro,s fire which started In the VIZ
entity OF the palace and Senate builds
inEs here yesterday, and was believed
to have been controlled after four hum
dred buildings were burned, broke OUT
again during the night and caused fur
thor extensive damage 4 III
The renewal OF the conf1agratio1 was
caused by an explosion In the ARSENAL
which shook the whole town, dan,hgade
many buildings and scattered blazing
embers over a wide area 4
The roof OF the National Bank WAS
shaken down by the violence OF the
concussion. Before the flames started
by this explosion were snbdued forty
more buildings had been destroyed.
The Chamber Of Deputies, the large as- 1
Establishment OF the congregation OF ST. (
Louis We're menaced for a time by tho
names, but they were saved Without
damage. &
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-07-07
w ANTS
oNH fnN1, A WORD. ~
lost al,o fou1lo.

-~><y-s->><S~.->>
LOST, SUNDAY AFTERNOON, BE-
tween and 0 In the Afternoon, some-
where either on Broad and Main
car, Perry street car or Twelfth and
Hull Streets, q gold watch and chain.
Chain broken and initials Of owner
inside. "A suitable reward Will be
Rivensif left ut 1202 Hull Street,
Manchester, Va.
LOST, SOMEWHERE BETWEEN
Chestnut Hill and Sixth and Clay
ladys hand satchel, containing gold
Watcl, and chain and ABOUT two dol. !.
lars and fifty cents. Finder VIII
please return same to 426 North
Sixth Street and be rewarded.
LOST, SUNDAY ON FRANKLIN
Street, between Ryland street and
Lee Monument, goldplated bracelet,
with amethyst set. Reward II re-
turned to L. NAcHMAN, I'LL West
LOST, GOLD WATCH. SUNDAY. WITH
my initials on case; would thank
finder to notify me at Southern Elk
press office. W.. /. COLEMAN.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-07-07
CHOLERA AMONG o FFlc Frs

Lieutenant Jones Dies Of Disease. lint
Lieutenant NInldoon Is Improving.
MANILA. July 6.-Lieutenant Jorri'es,
OF the First Cavalry. who on June gath
was reported to have been stricken
with the cholera. Is dead. Lieutenant
Muldoon, of the Philippine scouts. who
contracted the disease while bringing
Lieutenant Jones to Camp Gregg from
the field where both were surveying is
recovering.
The cholera is receding at Capiz, and
even in the province OF PangasiraE.
The government Is proceeding vigor-
ously, and hopes to stamp the disease
free from 1t. ~