Omaha daily bee., 1908-05-15
HILL FOR ECONOMY
Continued from First Pase.l

Continued from First Page.)
House and had to be removed to one of
the local hotels. The nature of his illness
is not known. His address was read by
w. c. Barnes OF New York.
The Live Stock situation.
Discussing the grazing problem in the
southwest, a problem resulting from the
wasteful methods of the early settlers,
II. A. Jastro, president of the American
National Live Stock association, thought
cattlemen are at last reused to the fact
that better methods must be followed or
their business will be ruined Some plan
of government control however, would be
necessary in order to secure to stockmen
a permanenoy in their business which they
do not now nor can they ever enjoy under
our present land laws. Mr.. Jastro advo-
Gated as remedy for he evil which
menaces an industry valued at 100000, 600
the system of management under which
public lands withdrawn for purposes of
forest protection are now being restored
to their former splendid condition.
He called attention to some national
legislation in the interest OF the organiza-
ton which he presented as follows
First-A Just and dequitable lease law
should be passed that Will control the stock
grazing lands from the Mississippi to the
second-The third section of the Dingiey
act should be so amended as TO allow for
any part of the 20 per cent reduction,
which the law puts on for trading pur-
poses, as may be necessary to secure
favorable admission to European countries
OF such commodities as cattle, fresh meat
and other animal, farm and manufactured
Third-There should be authorized a nom
partisan commission whose duty II shall
be TO report to the next congress- a tariff
schedule, fair to ell interests and framed
on such lines as will secure for us the best
foreign markets.
Fourth-Laws should he enacted making
i the duty OF railroads to provide sufficient
facilities to perform with dispatch their
duties as common carriers, in furnishing
cars and Transporting ali freight, Including
live stock, and providing all conveniences
necessary to different classes and different
kinds of freight, under penalty of a specific
damage sustained by the shipper.
WaAtnge of the Soil.
Prof. Thomas Chamberlain of the Univer-
sity Of Chicago spoke on Soil Wastage''
in part as follows;
We have accurate measure OF the rate
OF soilproduction. but II is clearly very
slow. While It varies directly for different
kinds OF rock and for partially reduced
rock, the usual estimate is a foot in 400
70 5000 years, which includes channel cut
ting, etc. This Is doubtless too high for soil
production alone. should hesitate to name
rate greater than one foot in 10000 years
on the basis of observation II we allow
1000 years for the four feet OF soil next
the rock, 1t is probably none too conserva-
tive. To maintain a good working depth,
surface wastage should then not exceed
some such rate as ore inch In a 1000 years
Al any rate, surface wastage must be
very slow unless 1t is to cut-run soil pro-
duction and lead to the loss OF the body OF
the soil. Surface wastage Is therefore ser
ious menace to the retention OF our soils
under present modes of management His
torical evidence enforces this, In the
Orient, there are large tracts almost abso-
lutely bare Of soil nor which formerly bore
flourshing populations Much more than
simple loss OF fertility is here menAced; It
Is the loss Of the soil-body itself. lost
almost beyond repair The Immense ton
age OF soil material, carried out to sea an
nualy by our rivers is an impressive warn
ing OF the danger OF excessive soil waste.
Nor is this all; the wash from one acre
often covers the fertile portion Of another
acre or OF several Sometimes ones loss
is another's gain but all TO frequently one q
loss is anothers disaster
From a study of soils, Il becomes clear
that the key to the problem lies in the
control OF the water which falls on each
acre. This waterfall Is an assest OF great
possible value saved II turned where Il will
DO good, lost II permitted to run away,
doubly lost II II carries away also soil
that crops can use to profit
The pitiable struggles OF certain oriental
people TO retain and cultivate the scant
remnants OF once ample soils Is both an
example and a warning. our escape from
such struggle should spring from Longer
forevision, a deeper insight, greater skill
and indefatigable industry.
1,,yar trxy 1sha T2aa want Ad Colurnna9 T,