davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
STATE PUBLIC SCHOOLS

That the public schools OF var
einia ere on the upgrade was en-
pbasised at the recent meeting In
Newport News of the educators Of
the State. The system is being
improved as never beforehand With
the use of more modern conVen'
fences and appliances, with the con
sol,dstion of rural schools aud the
establishment of district high
schools. the future of she educa'
.;onsl interests of Virginia seems
hopeful.
The next Legislature is expect
ed to make liberal appropriations
for the schools, as did the last
legislature. The money thus ex'
pended is we'll spent. 'No money
spent in any secular direction Is So
we'll expended as that which goes
to the training of our youth for The
duties of citizenship and none re
pavs go rich a dividend to the
State"
1.-THE total school revenues on July
81 1905. we're s.. 4S2, 10S.45, while three
wears later they we're $3,519, 1881 al
increase Of more than one million dol
lars. or nearly As per cent. Greater
appreciation OF the value OF education
ia also testified In better remuneration
to the teachers, who have long been un-
derpaid. In 1908 the aggregate sum
paid In salaries to teachers was Sl.749''
5l61s. while in 1908 it is 1885, o44'7S'
or more than 3S per cent. But an even
more noteworthy evidence OF educa'
tionai interest Is shown In the better
provl.ion for education In the I'M
provement ard increase OF the educs'
cational plants Of the State.
THE sum spent for realty and build
ings In 1905 wes $172, OS0, and In l9OS'
$43O, 1927 and increase OF about l9'
per CENT. In single year the enrol
ment of pupils increased over 5000 Tor
the whites. The number OF high
schools has increased In a single veal
from 2lS to 229, even with more rigid
standard OF equipment for su;h
schools. The number of transpcrta'
ton wagons has increased in three
Years from is to more than l4O. These
wagons are utilized in transporting pu-
pills to high schools and consolidated
schools, aud show the ENLARGED inter
est 10 higher education and In school
attendance generally"
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
Free Course In Agriculture at the
" P.I.

A free course in agriculture is
to be given this winter at the Vlr'
GINA Polytechnic Institute at
Blackshurg, for the benefit OF the
farmers of the State. The course
was given last winter for the first
time and was attended with such
success shat it has been decided to
repeat it this winter and make 1t n
permanent thing. The course is to
consist of instruction upon the
improved metbode of husbandry in
all of it's departments, extending
over the four weeks from the 18th
January to the 10th February.
The first week will be devoted to
general agriculture, including
SOLE, fertilizers. crops and rota-
ton, farm machinery and imple-
ments, seed selection, ETC.; the
second week to animal husbandry,
including stock breeding and
feeding, silos and ensilage ma
chinery, etc.; the third week to
dairyine, including dairy princi'
pies aid practice, water supply on
farm, etc. ;the fourth week to hor
ticulture or gardening, including
fruit and vegetable growing and
marketing, etc.
Where it is not convenient to at
tend the full course q farmer NAV
advantageously avail himself Of
the instruction for one or more
weeks, as the topics for a given
week will be PR ctically covered
and completed during that weeF'
The course will consist OF lectures
and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS lecture
berg e ven in the norm Z, ehd
demo. ct atoms IF stock Judging.
dairy practice, farm m.cEinery,
clio and ensilage machinery, pruu'
ing, spraying, etc., In the after
noon. In addition t. the practica
instruction given during the day.
one or more illustrated lectures on
popular subjects will be given at
night during each week Of the
course.
While all of the instruction Will
b popular rather than technical
sufficient laboratory instruction
will be given TO enable any dairy
man to acquire reasonable accu-
racy In making q test for butter
fat. and enable any farmer to test
his soils for acidity, and bis farm
seeds, etc., for purity and cspaci-
~ for reproduction.
The tuition for the course is
free. There lie matriculation fee
of $1.OO; and there will he weak
" charge of $4.25 for table board,
room. b eating, light and laundry.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
Four Rciipses in 1909

According the announcement Of the
Naval Observatory authorities there
will be four eclipses next year, two oil
the sun and two Of the moon. The first
eclipse Of the sun, juno II. will be yisi
BILE In large portion of North Amer.
lea, but the second. December 10, will
be invisible In the United States. The
lunar eclipses will take place on June
3 and November 2. The first will be
visible IN part OF North America, and
the second throughout the continent.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
Real Estate and Property Trans
ferS Recorded


The following deeds Of bargain and
sale were entered of record in the
Clerk 's1Ofice of Rockbridge coanty for
the week ending Dec. IS, 1908:
George D. Tyree, etc., to Joseph G.
Tyree, their one-ffth interest in l16
acres on Big Flat of Mt. Netils. South
River district, $50.
George U. Baine to Charles R.Mitch-
ell, 1888 acres adj. VIM. Carter on
north end of western House Mountain,
$50.
S. A. Day, etc., to Frank w. Shaw,
70 acres In Smoky Row. South River
district, 1000.
Frank Reed to Walter Campbell, Ger.
tain lots in West Enderly, 81, 100.
E. II. Chittum to John Y. Reed,
tract of land on north side Of Mt.Atlas,
known as Tate Mccormick McCurdy
tract, South River district, Sl36.
Mrs. Nettie Mackey, etc, to William
Flood, IL acres one and three fourth
miles north of Buena Vista, $l65.
j. N. Cunningham to Richard M.
Montgomery 41.54 acres on eastern
slope OF North Mountain, Kerr's
Creek district, $500.
j. P. Ford to Lucian A. Vest, two
tracts Of S4.4O acres and acres and 10
poles in waters of Kerr's Creek, adj.
Chas. Reynolds, $500.
Melissa G. Harlow to George A.
Graves, honse and lot of acre one
half mile north OF Decatur station, adj.
Miss Templeton, $3.50.
Mrs. Lucy w. Preston to F. Cleve-
land Davis, building lot fronting on
Washington street. opro. University
DoImitory, Lexington.
r. G. Paxton, ETC., TO j. W. WilsOD,
1875 acres, Natural Bridge district
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
Delicious Banana Cree m

This recipe is highly recommended
by one or our correspondents; try it fol
dessert tomorrow.
Peel five large bananas, rub smooth
with five teaspoonfuls of sugar. Add
one teacup sweet cream beaten 10 q
stiff froth, then add one 10c. package
OF Lemon JELL-O dissolved In II tea
cups boiling water. Pour into mold
and when cold Rarnish with candied
cherries, Serve with whipped cream,
or any good pudding sauce. JELL-C
Is sold by all Grocsrs at loo. per pack
ACE
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

More people are taking Foley's Kid
ney Remedy every year. 1t is con-
sldeyed to be- the most effective remedy
for kidney and bladder troubles That
medical science can devise. Foley's
Kidue; Remedy corrects Irregularities,
builds up worn out tissues and restores
lest vitality 1t will make you feel
well and look well. +. II. Gcrrell.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
"valley FARM at Palmer

The literary society OF Paime r Acad
envy of near Oxford church will pre-
sent THE Valley Farm" a charming
little play In four acts. Tuesday night
December 22nd, at 1880 o'clock. Ad
mission for adults, 25cts.; children, II
cents. The proceeds from the enter
talnment will be used for school Ii
brary,
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
Guilty of Counterfeiting

Passing counterfeit money is no
worse than substituting some unknown
worthless remedy fer FOley's Honey
and Tar, che great cough aad cold
remedy that cures the most obstinate
coughs and heals the lungs, b. ii.
Gorrell.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

sFRusiness local notices lOc. line
or first insertion and DC. une toi
each subsequent insertion.
cgObltuaries exceeding 10 lines
tributes of respect. cards OF thanks
etc. must be paid for at the rate OF
G. per line.
srAdvsrtising rates, which are moo
crate. furnished on application.
@ Office Telephone No. g. Long
,ustance Metallic, connects with town
and county lines.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
A Healthy Family

"Our whole family has enjoyed good
health since We began using DR.. King I
New Life Pills, three years ago, say
l.. A. Bartlett, of Rural Route l., Gull
ford, Maine, They cleanse and tone
the system in a gentle way that does
you good. 25c. at B. H. Gorrell's drug
store.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

From the literary fund CT this year
our State has $406 432 and will use 1t
paying public school teachers In pri-
nary and grammar grades. Augusta
county's apportIonment is 81, O4O. 90 and
Staunton will receive 1,272 81. Rock
bridge county gets $4,670.5O, Rocking
ham S6,504, Highland $l,l64'lO, Abe
marie So 500. 40,
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
Dry Goods Department

Ladies Initial Handkerchiefs .............5 to 25c
Mems Initial FandkercLefs. ......... 10 to &c.
Childens Handkerchefa, l. fancy boxes to 15c
Indies plain and en5de ed Handkerchefs &C. to S1.OO
Mems plain and fancy borered Handkerchief4 to 5Oc
Mems long silk Mclllels 90
Ladies' and Mems Umb ellas 81 % to IS. 90
Ladies' KID Gloves tried in the store for you $l00 to $3.50
Ladies' Long Kid Gloves all colors. SO 90
Ladies Kid Flexible Gauntles-a thing $50
Handsome Skoline Comforts ........ .sl0O to 81 90
silk Covered Down Comforts, very beautiful $500
Ladies Shirt Waist Boxes-every lady wants one....
$3.50, s. 90, $500
Sole Leather Dress Suit Cases So 90, So co. $3.50
Linen Napkins and Doylies ...... ....$l00 to 500
Table Damask observation-disclosures. .... SOC. TO 80 90
Linen Table Covers Center Pieces, Bureau Scars. ..
........... ................ IOc. to $5.OU
In this class of work carry large
stock in plain, hemsttched and batten.
burg work Most all Ladies like and APP
preciate this work
Ruchings and Collars for the neck Ice to 81 90
Hand Bags-new styles ................ 25c. to $3.50
Fur DIuffs-pow and rug effects 50. 90 to $1,000
Fur Scarfs and Neck pieces-satn fur lined ......
........... ............ .S2OO to $lO.UO
No store gives better value in furs than
do, Nice quality, shapes and fair
prices Always acceptable present
Ladies Salts .Sl25O to S25OO
Ladies' Coats 90 to $4,000
Ladies Skirts 100 to $1,000
Never in history have sold so many
Suits. There is a for it, We had
the right styles and right goods at the
right prices. Still have a nice stock of
Suits, Coats and Skirts.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
Would rlortgage the Farm

A farmer on Rural Route 2. Empire,
Ga. w. A Floyd by name. Gays" Buck
lens Arnlea Salve cured the two worst
sores ever cav: one on my hand and
one on my leg. 1t is worth more than
Its weight IN gold. | would not be
without It II had to mortgage the
farm to get it," Only 25c. at Is. II.
Gorr9lPs drug store.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Hoarse coughs and stuffy colds that
may develop into pneumonia over night
ara quickly cured by Frley's Honey
and Tar as it soothes inhamed mem
branes, heals the lungs, and expels
the cold from the system. b. II. Cor
ralI
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
AFTER 80 YEARS experience mil,

AFTER 80 YEARS experience mil
lions of users of l.. & Nj. PAINTS,
claim:-F First, it wears 10 to Is years
Second, it only costs S1.2O gallon
Third, it's the best they have ever used
Fourth, sixteen thousand agents
certify to these facts.
McCrum Drug Co., Lexington
H. l.. Gilkerson, Buena Vista.
l.. & NJ. Paint Agents,
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

In local option election held in SUI
folk Monday the town went dry by
IL ajority Of 257. Two years ago the
"wets" carried the day by majority
Of seven.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

By decision Of the State Court at
Topeka, Saturday, cities OF Kansas
may provide separate schools for white
and negro children in the grades below
the high school.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
w, l.. u. Basket. Ball Schedule

Washington and Lee University
will open the basket ball season
after Chri, tmas, and prospects are
favorable for gooU. season. The
team is being coached by Pat
/ Krebs who for several years bias
been trainer. Manager Boyd has
announced the following schedule
sat MISREPRESENTATION Military
Academy, January 10Th.
At Roapoke Roanoke Y. NJ. G. a.,
January 10th.
At Lexington-University of Virgin
ia, January 23rd.
At Standardization Military
Academy, February LIST.
At Charlottesville-University OF
Virginia, February End.
At Observation-Disclosures Medical
College, February Bird.
At Observation-Disclosures Basketball
Club, February 4th.
At Washington George Washing
ton University, February 9th.
AT annapolis United States Naval
Academy, February 9th, afternoon.
At Wastinyton-Georgetown Uni
versity, February 9th.
AtLexington--Ra ndolph- Macon Col
leRe, February 18th.
At Lexington Central University OF
Kentucky, February 23rd.
AT LexiLgton-VirgiDia Polytechnic
Institute, February Goth.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
'ADAIR'S
Holiday p
Announcement

Our store is full Of useful and ornamental Christmas
presents. Have much and many things haven't
to properly display them, space in this paper
them We want patrons to them and to
them early they can, while the stock is large and
varied
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16
CARPET DEPARTMENT

Many things in this department for suitable presents.
Pretty Rugs from &c. $500 Pretty Art Squares from
$500 to SO co. Pretty Ingram Carpets 25c to 5c Pretty
Lace Curtains 5c 5000 Pretty Lounge Covers &C., TO
S125.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Babies don't mind cold or take cold
II kept we'll with DR.. Fahrney's Teeth
Syrup. Get it anywhere. Sample free.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Fire insurance companies in Virgin
Ia will test the law which requires
them to pay tax for the support OF
disabled firemen.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Xmes Sweaters for boys, 81 90
GRAHAM IL Co
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

DR.. Fahrney's Teethine Syrup con-
forms to the Pure Food ard Drug Law;
every bottle guaranteed. Sample free.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

For any pain, from top to toe, from
any cause, apply DR.. Thomas EclectrlH
oil. Pain can't stay where 1t Is used.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Foley's Orino Laxative cores chrc mic
constipation ard stimulates the liver.
Orina regulates the bowels so they will
act ma turally and you do not have to
take purgatives continuously. b. d..
Goryell
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

There is considerable drop IN the
thermometer today. Yesterday was
spring-like. and today is cold end blus
terry.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Other people are using the Luz
lame coffee. Why not you ?
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Xmas Hats for Men and Boys.
GRAHAM d Co.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Misses Xmas Felt Slippers.
GRAHAM Il Co.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Ladies' Xmas Felt Slippers,
GRAHAM & Co.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Subscription Rates In Advance;
One Year. 800 Three Months. Zoe
six Months. SOC Single Copy oc
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1908-12-16

Xmas Neck wear. GRAHAM d Co.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1908-01-16

this light the New Years announcement
OF our own governor, John A. John
son, is significant. For year he has
been coached faithfully by represent
atives OF the trust controlled papers
OF the east. They have worked up
quite boom for him. The tariff is
the only issue on which the democrats
have achieved success since the war
OF the rebellion. It was on that issue
that Cleveland won out in 1892. It
was the tariff revision plank of the
republican platform in Minnesota last
year which helped to swell Johnson's
majority above the 10000 mark, and
which shows that it has some popu-
larity in the northwest. johnson has
been governor three years and by no
initiative of his has he opposed the
corporations. They were his friends
in both elections. He is consequently
safe man to tie to. Under the ban
ner OF tariff reform he could lead the
democratic hosts to victory, attention
would be diverted from the abuses of
corporate greed and the people hood
wlnked. johnson would continue the
farce of tariff agitation and the cor
pOratiOns would remain undisturbed.
-Slayton Gazette.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1908-01-16
Knows How to Advertise.

The clearance sale in progress at
E. B. Anderson's is hummer. The
store has been packed with people
every day and large corps of clerks
is kept continually on the jump. Mr..
Anderson says it is the most success
ful special sale he has ever held and
this is largely due to the efforts of
Mr.. Allen, the advertising man of the
firm. Mr.. Allen is firm believer in
the virtue of printers ink and he
knows just how to write an attractive
ad. A page ad in the Union and
the distribution of several thousand
posters throughout the country were
the means resorted to by Mr.. Allen to
accomplish the results above named.
E. B. Anderson has another ad-
half page-in this number of the
Union.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1908-01-16
Nothing Compulsory About 1t.

A Greenbush farmer writes: "Must
[ pay for newspaper never ordered
and did not want? I told the editor [
did not want his paper, but it con-
tinues to come and now he wants his
pay for it. The paper was no earthly
use to me and I hardly ever glanced
at it," We know of no state law that
would compel anyone to pay for a
paper that he did not order and did
not want. At the same time our
Greenbush friend ought to have
refused to take the paper out of the
postofice or from the r. F. D. car
rier. But the idea that newspaper
publisher can force any one to take
his paper and then collect pay for the
same is absurd. One request or mott
fcation to discontinue is all that is
necessary at the Union Office, and
that is all that should be necessary in
any newspaper Office. Don't be bull
dozed by a deadbeat publisher.
Don't pay for what you did not order
and do not want.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1908-01-16
Old Memories Revived,

With this issue the Union completes
it's thirty-6rst year.-Princeton Union.
Well, we'll, and is it that long since
r. G. Dunn launched out his little
bark on the journalistic sea in the
small hamlet known as Princeton.
We remember it we'll. We had then
been two years in control of the
Times, and we recall Bob's hard
battle with the storms of adversely,
for printing a paper in a village OF
100 or 200 people and a new and
sparsely settled county is certainly
hard sailing. But Bob nailed his
"admiral's flag" to the mast and like
the commander of the great American
armada now blowing it's way to the
Pacific, he has been "Fighting
Bob" ever since. Yes, and success
fully, too, for prosperity has perched
Itself on the mainmast of the U n O n,
which is one of Minnesota s best and
most ably edited newspapers.-St.
Cloud Times.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1908-01-16
A Witty Photographer.

We had no idea that P. J. Nelson,
the we'll known photographer, was
such witty fellow as letter of his
to the Anoka Free Press prove him to
be. 1t appears that Mr.. Nelson had
received a statement which conveyed
an intimatiOn to him that he owed the
Free Press $500 on subscription.
Mr.. Nelson expressed surprise that he
could be indebted to a paper whose
head line proclaimed that it was
"F'ree.' Nevertheless he wrote the
editor a letter in which he said in
part:
"Enclosed find check for $500 to
apply on my subscription to the Free
Press for the present and future-if it
is not in violation of the postal regu.
lations to pay more than one year in
advance. I don't find anything in
the new order upon this subject but
thought would risk it for a couple
of years anyhow, and will say that I
must congratulate you upon the very
efficient collecting agency that has
come to your aid; my only surprise is
that the administration has let you
newspaper fellows manage, or rather
mismanage, your Offices as long as
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1908-01-16
". BROWN, SR., DEAD
Passed Away at the Home of r1r. and
r1rs. Frank Lafav0r in Baldwin
Last Sunday Morning.
Funeral Services Held Yesterday A.
ternoon and lnterment Took
Place at Oak Knoll.

William Brown died at the home of
his son-in-law and daughter, Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Lafavor, in Baldwin
township on Sunday morning, Janu-
airy II. at l O'Clock, death resulting
from heart failure superinduced by an
attack Of paralysis which Mr.. Brown
sustained about year ago and from
which he never fully recovered.
Funeral services we're conducted by
Rev. J. W. Heard of the Princeton
Methodist church at the residence of
MIR. and Mrs. Lafavor yesterday
afternoon at o'clock and the remains
were brought to Oak Knoll cemetery
in this village and laid to rest beside
those of his wife,
William Brown was of Scotch
ancestry and was born in County
Tyrone, ireland, on May 81, 1928.
Thus Mr.. Brown at the time of his
death was in his eightieth year. When
a boy he spent some time working at
the silk-weavers trade in Paisley,
Scotland, but returning to Ireland he
served an apprenticeship to the black
smith business, which occupation he
followed in his native land until the
year 1853, when he emigrated to
America, landing in New York.
After two years residence divided
between that city and Glen Falls in
the state of New York he moved to
Michigan where he remained until
1856, when he came to Minnesota and
located at St. Anthony. He remained
there, however, but one summer, and
then came to Mile Laos county, where
he took up his residence upon a farm
near Princeton. In 1861 Mr.. Brown
purchased farm in Baldwin town
ship, Sherburne county, and moved
onto the property the same year. On
June 7, 1866, Mr.. Brown was married
to Miss Annie Hills and six children
we're born of the union, all of whom
are living. They are Fred Brown,
Idaho; William Brown, st. Paul;
James Brown, Baldwin; Mrs. Frank
Wallace, Mrs. Frank Lafavor and
Mrs. Allen Heath, Baldwin. The
wife of Mr.. Brown died IS years ago.
Mr.. Brown was an honorable, indus
trious old gentleman who toilled
untiringly year after year to improve
the land upon which he had located.
He was one of those settlers who
assisted in demonstrating the posi-
bilities of Mile Laos county soil. He
was kind husband and father and
true friend.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1908-01-16
A Frightful Disaster.

One of the most horrible tragedies
of modern times was that which hap
pened in the Rhoades opera house,
Boyertown, Pa, on Monday evening,
by the explosion of a gas tank which
was being used in connection with a
moving picture entertainment given
for the benefit of a church. It is esti-
mated that there were four hundred per-
sons in the opera house at the time of
the explosion and that near half of
them lost their lives. When the ex-
plosion occurred some one yelled
fire." and in almost less time than it
takes to tell it the center of the opera
house was ablaze like furnace. The
rapidity with which the flames spread
was caused by the upsetting of the
coal oil lamps used at the footlights
by some of the persons on the stage
who endeavored to allay the fright
ened children and quiet the audience.
A general stampede followed in which
men, women and children were tram
pied down and burned to death.