davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26

why could not the air be navgated by inclos-
ing Of this gas in large but light bag?
said one to the other Being paper manufacturers
they naturally thought of paper as the proper
material for the envelope. They discovered what
had already been discovered that the bag emptied
as rapidly il filed. They did not abandon
paper however. but changed the gas. They specu-
lated about IT evenings when their work was done
Finally of them suggested that perhaps the
gas that resulted from the combustion of slightly
moistened straw and wool would answer the pur
pose
This air has natural tendency to rise" said
the brother who made the suggestion. and besides
it has electrical properties which cause it 10 be
repeled from the ground"
OF course. this was nothing but hot air. but it
received the name OF Montgoier gas AT first they
hid their light under a busheI. it were. by
perimenting indoors They constructed silk cube
and by means of the hot air which they generated
they succeeded in making it rise to the ceiling Of
a lvom. Eated at their success, they made ex-
periments a larger scale at Annonay. The hot
air continued demonstrate its ability TO lift large
bags Then they were ready for public exhbi-
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
AT THE JUNE BUGS STEERING WHEEL.

supposed to have a radius of action Of 40 miles
The earlier suggestions for heavier-than-air ny
Ing machines were for structures which look like
birds Even the giders. the devices invented for
the purpose investigating the problem OF hlght
by sliding down hill sides the air were styled
were designed to look like birds with outstretched
wings. Experience has shown that aeroplanes SIM
liar TO those OF a box kite serve. the purpose espe-
cialy we'll One o& the great difficulties which mad
to be overcome in order to make flight In an aero
plane safe was that of balancing the machine in
the many currents of air. yachtsman can
usually tell when puff of wind Is approaching
and from what direction by the roughened surface
of the water, but the aeronaut has not that ad-
vantage. He can know little about the wind until
it is upon him. Lilientha who made two thousand
short flights in gliding machine of his own inven-
ton, lost his life simply because he was not quick
enough in throwing his weight that the centres
of air pressure and gravity conceded The dis
tinguishing characteristic of the machine invented
by the Wright brothers Is generally accepted TO be
tho apparatus devised for quickly balancing II In
a gust of wind. According to a published descrlp-
ton of the plans this consists of a simple device
by means of which end Of the planes is ele-
waited and the other depressed by the movement OF
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26

There must be some device TO permit Of safe de-
scent n case of accident 10 the propelling ma
chinery. To such degree has the flying machine
osen perfected that if either Of the machines 10
Be tested should fulfil these requirements the pub
lie would not be astonished-
Apparently Darius Green's theory of the naviga-
ton of the air. which was long derided. is about
to be realized. The progress of aeronautics ap-
pears to have been of the hop, skip and jump
order The evolution OF the aerial craft has been
by sudden spurts, with long intervals Of practically
no progress whatsoever. Experimentation has been
along two lines-with lighter-than-air devices and
teayier-ttan-air rnechanisrns. 1t natural that
the path of least resistance should be followed first
The EXPERIMENTATION with the elongated bubble OF
gas as a means OF support has resulted in such
wonderful pieces of apparatus the Zeppelin air
ship-a ship more than half long and half as
wide ss the steamship Lusitania: La Patrie.
which is a derelict in the heavens, unless it has
become a rag unduating on the surface of the
North Atlantic; La Republique, Multi Secundus. the
successful British airship, and the Spanish war
balloon The investigation Of the possibility Of fly
Eng as the birds fly resulted in the machines OF
the Wright brothers and Farman and the brdlike
tetrahedral kites Of A G. Bell
Curious as It may seem in the light Of modern
times the first experiments were made with the
heavier-ttan-air apparatus. Possibly this was be-
cause nothing was known about gases, while the
eytng of the birds was everyday spectacle
Whether the fable Of the efforts Of Dsedalus and
his son Icarus 10 escape from King Minos by means
or wings made Of feathers cemented with wax Is
ANYTHING more than a fgment Of the Greek in1agi-
nation as fancifuI the tale Of Darius Green there
is little prospect of knowing. According to radl-
tion Archytas a Greek mathematician. invented
.-vooden dove which could maintain a sustained
fight II set in motion by hidden ana IN
elos aEr whatever that be
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
NEW ARMY AIRsHP HOUSE AT FORT OMAHA

a lever In doing this the action OF soaring birds
under like conditions is simulated.
AS Is well known, the aerOplanes ride upon d
pressure of air which is created beneath the planes
by the forward movement Of the machine
Recent dispatches from Washington declare that
II is the belief of army and navy officers that In
the next war that Is fought the advance column
will be made up of balloons and airships-" Bal
looms have been used for military purposes since
1884, when the French Republic organized two
companies of military balloOnists and sent them
into the field Captive balloons were used for OBJ
tanning information In the American Civil War, in
the Franco Prussian War. In the Egyptian War
and In the Boer War With such airships as that
invented by Count Won Zeppelin IT is belieevd that
the airship will occupy more aggressive place IN
warfare than that OF gathering information IT Is
believed that balloons can be OF service IN naVal
operations, as well on land.
1t is said that the Japanese made use Of a bal
loon In their naval operations in the with
Russia The Russian government possesses ship
designed to be used as a balloon base in war time
In Germany an aerial navy league IS being organ
lied for the purpose Of stimulating the forma ton
of an aerial navy The subject of limiting the use
of aerial craft in warfare discussed at the
TIaeue Peace Conference. a agreement was
adopted in which the signatories were TO refrain
from dropping explosives from air craft in case Of
war before the next conference is held Few ma
tons have signed it.
Evidently, there persons who believe in the
future of the airship as a commercial proposition
A company has been formed by Charles j. Gldden
to develop airship lines between Boston and New
York and other points, and in Germany the forTlla-
ton of such a company to perform the same ser
vice between Berlin and other European capltals
has been proposed.
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
AN EARLY BALLOON TEST.

In June. 17S3 the year which the final
in the separation of the American colonies and
Great Britain, in the presence of what has been
described immense multitude" they raised
balloon thirty-fve feet in diameter TO height
Of 100 feet This balloon made of pack CLOTH
covered with paper, and was heated by the burn
ing of pounds of damp straw and wool
small CRATE placed beneath it. The news of this
success spread like wdfire. Paris, always ready
for sensation, heard of il and
commission was appointed by the Academy of
Science report upon it Scientific commissions
resemble other commissions in respect. They
tardy in satisfying demands of an impetuouS
public for a quick report. Tired of waiting for
the commission. a public subscription raised
experiment Only few days were required 10
complete the subscription. The construction
intrusted TO the Robert brothers. famous philosoph
ical instrument makers of their time. and Pro-
fessor Charles, young but experienced physicist.
No detailed account of tie experiment at Annonay
had reached Paris. nothing was known about
the Montgolfer gas Hydrogen. up to this time.
had been made in the laboratory in small quanti-
ties only Time pressing. however. and Pro
fessor Charles decided try hydrogen. BY in
eenufty and perseverance enough produced in
four DAYS 10 MI a silk globe twelve feet in diane
te. his was transferred the Champ de Mars
the largest open space in Paris. and III the pres
epca Of three hundred thousand persons. half the
r,opulation of rhe city, August u, the small
ba loon scared away into the air much as a paper
Fourtb of July balloon does to-day
The commission in the mean time had persuaded
the Montgolfers 10 construct and elevate for their
fnsuectien q large balloon. II seventy-two feet
hign and forty-one feet in diameter violent
wind damaged il and heavy rains finally destroyed
IL Another of about the dimensions
made ana raised on September Is. I7SS. Yer
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
SLIDING DOWN HILL TEST.

Iiieuthai and Chanute were not the first men TO
practise sliding down hill on the air In the thir-
teenth or fourteenth century Elmerus. monk.
whether II his flowing robe or not Is not asserted
is said 10 have flown more than furlOng from the
top OF a Spanish tower. Besnier, French lock-
smith living in the seventeenth century, was a
prototype OF the foolish % young Green with the
Persian birth name. He practised jumping from
one story windows until he sufficiently expert
enced 10 leap from corsidera bic elevations and
over houses and across rivers OF considerable width
In 1870. alncst exactly ons hundred years before
anything discovered that made the balloon a
possibility Borelli prepared account of investi
cations snd experiments OF flight upon artificial
wings For two hundred years until 1867. when
the elaborate studies OF bird hight made BY Pro
fessor J. b PettigreW. English scientist wrought
revolution in The theories regarding possible fly
ing machines. this account furnished the principal
basis for experiments
In the mean time another discovery opened the
Aoor for the invention Of the balloon. Henry
Cavendish an English chemist and physicist in
15es discovered the iightness Of hydrogen, then
styied infamnable air Another person. Professor
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26

ing partners on the golf field are oIt7"
Fairfax and Robert ". Paterson -aes
Preparations are under way for the ,.s,.r
meeting Of the Berkshire Hunt. no" tlo = ,ss
society affair Of the year II will Dc H,. H711 st
Lee Pleasure Park. There Will be pros -srox
seven races and the contests will include the
Horse Show Stakes the Berkshtre Pony -.
the Lenox Club SteepIechase. BerkshH r,,,
SteepIechase. a galloway race, Pres'D0 - ,ss
and Hurdle race. The races will De ru- -. A.
rules OF the National Steeplechase anu A--br -.,bsr
sociation of which the Berkshire Hunt iS -, G.
The stewards will be Frank X StuFgis' - -, A.
Gilmore Giraud Foster. David I Dala- ~ Rur-
Ward Samuel Frothingham and Joseph .o-tH
den The racing officials Will be elec'so lee.s- van
Invitations to enter will be sent 70 9l-sn I~.an r.
scbaick. the Venture Stable. J. Watson .-,l.ou
H Won Stade, George Chipchase A ~ = DaytS
John p Bowditch. Louis c Clark j. .
s P Shotter David Dows and Z > o--N' .S,,,s;us
Interest in the Lenox library BY r ,rca-
Scben,erhorn and his sister Mrs Richaro :, ..st
,,,,,x, was indicated this week at the aliH- ,,r-
ing of the library by the announeenaen.
manent endowment OF the library o ss a,rhsss
Stockbridge has been interested N 'u rsVl by
~ the adjoining properties 70 Couhcn "a, sx-
-. 9 NfsTIen MIR MeIIen has lately ou..s oui--
tensive henneries. farm barns and ia'a 80 ~ aaded
of the grounds at his country place Iands.
properties will give him gTazng ana - .-rsr re-
II has long been current that when MI - h5
tires from business he will make ynsrs
pIace of residence New York prcpei'S ,rsat-
,bc have become citizens Of Stockbridge 9i0 sss-
lv interested in the attitude Of the Boar" >, ,ss
ors. which has called special town ,.,ion j,
what action the will take IN the ,stoa.
back taxes from the estate Of MISS ANee = stats
When Miss Byington died last sPrlAs -, uay-
was found to be worth $#loJo0o. She ha1 - IBIS
ing a tax OF about ZOO and the assessors y
wear taxing that part OF her property WhlSN
assessed in Stockbridgs sS.Ioo
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
Experiments Soon To be
Made-History of Discov-
cries in AerOnautiCs.

Are the dreams OF Verne Wells. Kipling and the
illustrators about TO true? Is there possi-
biltty CT the vanishing Fleets becoming a re-
aiity2 II was not so long ago that most persons
laughed the good natured laugh of those who ap-
preciate the cIeverness with which an impossible
thing has been theoretically solved when they
looked upon magazine pictures of airships with
uhirrfng propeIlers soaring through the air IKE
great hordes Of giant mosquitoes and adding to the
ts,rdensoneness of life of those condemned TO walk
the earth for want of the wherewfthal for flying
The laugh is gradually disappearing from the races
OF the amused Knockers and appearing about the
,ips OF the ingenious dreaulers who had the cour-
age 10 portray their irnaginngs Nearly every DAY
.he aees of the press contain reports Of successful
flights OF drigible air craft of tests about TO De
made.
The air of the United States promises TO be thick
with mechanical flying contrivances through the
latter part of the summer Henri Farnlan VINO mas
remained in the air for twenty minutes and nine
teen seconds in a flying machine has just arrived
here for the purpose of giving exhibitions. 1t has
heen announced that Delagrange the Italian. has
accented an invitation to fly here. Beginning on
JuIy es there viii be tests at Fort Myer. near
Washington OF flying machines Of various types
for which the government has agreed 10 pay speci-
fed sums Of money provided they fulfil the exact
ing requirements.
Three machines are 10 be tested. They are the
6i-isible balloon designed by Thomas s. Baldwin
and the aeropanes invented by the Wr1ght prolners
and by A. NJ Herring The tests Of the Baldwin
..rshin will begin on July 2S of the Herring aero
plane on August Is. and of the machine Of the
wright hrothers on August 2S The government is
r-ena,ine for g series OF exhaustive experiments
with airshfps In September at Fort Omaha, Where
giant steel balloon house has been constructed at
an expense OF 10000.
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26

Boston thus far for the Condor cup with two
points each John Mott and DR.. ]. Austin Furfey
are tied for second place. with one point each
Kebo is bringing some excellent golf this year,
and some of the best yet being recorded
in the tournaments
Mr and Mrs. ]. L. Putnam. OF New York, were
among the entertainers at the Swimming Club on
Monday afternoon.
The first midweek hop at the Malvern started
this week and success in every way The
Malvern hops are second TO the Swimming Club
dances only in popular interest. and this season s
started off in most brilliant fashion. 1t was pre-
ceded by large number OF dinners. at which both
cottage and hotel guests entertained. For the re-
mainder of the these hops will be feature.
Another accession OF the week to the cottage
colony is Mrs. F. de r. Wissman of New York
who has taken Colonial Hall. the King cottage,
and will spend the month OF August there.
their family among the arrivals OF the week.
and will spend the summer the Richardson cot
tage, In Kebo street
Mrs Frederick Pearson, of New York and fam
lily arrived Thursday and at the Carr cot
tage on the Shore Path. for a number of sea-
Mrs Alexander Van Rensselaer, of New York
has taken the Stanton cottage, after an absence
of year and will arrive Sunday for the re-
mainder of the season.
Mrs j. Biddle Porter gave large reception and
tea at her cottage. the Wyandotte. Thursday af-
ternoon at which a large number were present.
Mrs Porter was assisted in receiving by her daugh-
ters the Misses Margaretta Biddle Porter and
Catherine Rush Porter
Mr. and Mrs Warner NJ Leeds OF New York
were among the arrivals of the week and are at
the Maitland cottage the Shore Path. Mrs
William b. Leeds and son. of New York. are their
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26

remained IN the air twenty-five minutes. They
sailed across the Seine and over the city of Paris
On December Professor Charles and one of the
Roberts rose from the Tuileries gardens with n
hydrogen balloon-then styled a Charliere-made
with the proceeds of Il public subscription. This
balloon made of alternately red and yellow
cores of silk. sewed together and coated with
caoutchouc varnish. 1t covered with net,
which supported the 1t furnished with 4
valve, barometer and sand ballast In fact 1t
was practically the same balloon one sees to-day.
The first hep. skip and jump had been accom-
piished in the city which more than a hundred
years later to witness the earliest public ex-
hibitions Of the drigibe balloon and the aeropane
the most successful type of the heavier-than-air
flying machine. Paris seems to be especially hos
pitahle to aeronauts
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
BAR HARBOR.
Concert at the Building of Arts
Entertalnnl entS.

Bar Harbor, Me, July Z.-In musical way. the
most notable affair of the week the beginning
of the series of concerts at the Building of Arts.
the first of which took place to-day. The artists
on the opening occasion were Nine. Louise Homer
and Alvin Schroeder former 'cellist with the Knei-
sci Quartet and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Every seat in the Greek temple taken and the
series started off in a most auspicious manner.
Mrs Robert Able is chairman of the committee in
charge, which includes a number of prominent
New Workers. while Dave Hennen Mcr-is is secre-
tary and Miss Baker treasurer. TIE next concert
will be given on Saturday. August
The largest reception of the week was given by
Mrs Hunt Slater at Bowling Green Wednesday
afternoon. The affair given in honor of
number of recent debutantes, Miss Hebe c. Wright
Miss Mary Scott and Miss Muriel Morris, all Of
whom are spending their first summer here. De-
spite the unpleasant weather society was present
in large numbers and it of the most sue
cessfuI affairs of this summer.
BY winning Saturdays tournament at Kebo Paul
Dana. of New York. is tied with Waldron Bates. Of
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
DELAY OF THE AIRSHIP.

The dirigible balloon or airship and the flying
machine obliged to wait upon the invention OF
a light but powerful engine. With the practical
application of electricity the invention of the
oil engine the door opened with the result
that there has been another hop skip and jump.
The first dfrfgible balloon that succeeded in re-
turning TO its starting point La France built
by two French army officers. On the seven pub
lie trials. made in 1884 and 1885, it returned to its
shed five times. Its speed fourteen miles an
hour 1t had practically every appurtenance that
has since been considered essential to dirtgible
balloon. 1t operated by electric motors To
Santos-Dumont is due the credit of applying the
light gasolene motor of the automobile to the
dirigible balloon.
The most radical development of the dirigible
atrship has been that designed by Count Yep
pelin. HIS giant craft is made up of a series OF
gas filed compartments contained in an aluminium
frame. The frame makes it possible to steer into
the wind without changing the shape of the gas
receptacle
The number of individual compartments is sup
posed to serve the purpose the compart-
ments in the hull of a steamship The puncturng
of gas bag from any cause would not spell de-
struction Owing to its great gas capacity this
ship is capable of carrying powerful engines and
than dozen persons in its two 1t has
demonstrated In a wonderful manner its drigibility
Count Zeppelin's latest ship recently remained
aloft twelvs hours. attaining average speed of
thirty four miles an hour. With a fayoring wind
il sped through the air at rate of fftyfve miles.
With the greatest precision the count guided his
craft through a long series of evolutions every
bay along the lake. over the Albs range of noun
tans. between mountain chains, in the face of
bllzzards and strong cross-currents OF air and
back 10 the shed. II is intended as military en-
glne Its acceptance by the German government
awaits his success in remaining aloft for twenty
four hours and travelling down the Rhine to
Mayence and return. and demonstrating the abil
It.o IN land on Cpun
Yon Zeppelin has usually used tie surface of Lake
Constance as his landing stage. The balloon is
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
NEWPORT.
Entertainments of the Week-TOur,
noqnents Planned.

Newport July 25-Those who have entertained
In the last week have been Peter F. Collier, Mrs
Edward ]. Berwind Mrs. William E Glyn. Mrs e.
I. F Robinson. Mrs. Pembroke Jones Mrs VIII
lam R Hunter Miss Anna Sands. Mrs Reginald
C. Vanderbilt James V. Parker. Mrs James P
Kernochan, Mrs. William Storrs Wells. Mrs Elisha
Dyer Mrs. Seth Barton French, Mrs James A
Swan Miss Freda Paine, EgeTton l. Winthrop
and Mrs. James B. Haggin-
The second lawn fete OF the season IN which the
members of Newport society have been interested
took place this week The fair for the benefit
of st. Marys Orphanage, of Providence. and was
held at .ho former summer home of James Gordon
Bennett in Bellevue avenue. opposite the Newport
Casino. This fair is annually held in Newport and
is always taken part IN and helped out in many
ways by the members Of the Newport summer
colony.
There have been more guests IN Newport in the
last week than in any other week since the season
opened. 1t was almost a guest week. though there
did not seem to be any particular drawing card
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
COUNT zEPPELIN's DIRIGIBLE AIRsHiP
READY FOR ASCENT.

sailles in the present Of the King and royal ram
iy On this ascent for the first time in the history
of balooning living passengers scared aloft- A
happy family, consisting of a sheep roostei anu anu
a duck went I'D In the osier basket when was
attached 70 the balloon. History does not recoru
the feelings of the trio, they, helpless sa" tie
ground receding beneath them. Man received addi-
tional confidence in the balloon as a ilieans Va
TRANSFORMATION by the fact that they landed sately
Tho balloon was now an accomplished fact on
November q of that same year Pilatre de Rozier
and the Marquis d'Arlandes ascended In Mont
solfere as the hot air balloons We're called ana
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26
BUT IT WAS NOT & FAILURE.

Five wears ago the aerodrome Of Professor Lang
ley turabled into the Potomac River, and the pub
lic put the flying machine down as failure.
wear ago valuable cup was offered as a prize for
q heavier-than-air machine that would ny ceroefn
distance al the jamestown exposition. II was no
eurrrise that there were competitors short
time ago the first leg the cup was won by the
June Bug at Hemmondsport, N Y
The pictures OF warfare with flying machines
would need longer TO be fanciful II the require
-nents which sre now prescribed for the govern
-nept tests are fulfilled. for the aeroplanes must
be able TO carry two persons having combined
weight of $50 pounds and sufficient fuel for flight
q. rs miles They be able to travel at speed
OF ct least thlrty-six miles an hour in still ar
They must fy for at least hour continuously.
New-York tribune., 1908-07-26

Black of Edinburgh, thought possibly this gas, II
inclosed In a light bag, would rise into the air.
S4nes' ba6ders filed with the gas refused to rise
when eSperimented with by Cavallo in 1872. and
paper bags displayed the same disincnation to
leave the surface of the globe, in be-
cause they were too heavy and in the other be-
cause they were porous. Soap bubbles filed
with the gas were the only things he could per-
suade to ascend
It remained for two French papermakers broth
ers named Montgolfer, living at Annonay, TO
launch something approaching the modern balloon.
They had been reading Cavendsh's Different
Kinds of Air.