davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
MARKET LETTUCE.
Standard Packages For Local and Gen.
eraI Shipping.

Standard Packages For Local and Gen.
eraI Shipping.
In answer to inquiries as to the best
method Of packing and shipping lettuce
for the New York and Boston markets
and growing lettuce for late fall trade
Country Gentleman says:
There are various packages used for
shipping lettuce to market. both to the
New York and Boston markets. The
standard package in the Boston local
market is the bushel box. which holds
about a dozen and a half heads Of
large lettuce. For general shipping
trade, however. both in New York and
Boston, the barrel is more commonly
used. This holds more or less, accord
ing to the size of the lettuce heads.
but commonly three dozen are consid-
cred a barrel. Formerly there was
used also what was called the long
box. which also held three dozen heads.
About the only way to manage this
matter is to communicate with your
commission man or other dealer and
ask his advice. Then the best plan is
simply to adopt the package which he
finds most satisfactory to his custom
ers.
It would be impossible to say now
whether you could grow the lettuce
successfully for the late fall trade or
not. This could, be determined only by
experience. There is a fair chance of
success. The question which is the
best variety would also have to be de-
termined somewhat by experience, but
probably May King Or Black Seeded
Tennisball would come nearest to sup
plying the demand. At any rate, this
would be the case in the Boston mar
ket and probably also in New York.
In case you are shipping to western
markets you would find more satisfac-
ton in growing Grand Rapids. but
this is not accepted in the eastern mar
kets.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
HOG HOUSE.

two center runners are fourteen feet
long, so that they may extend out two
feet at each end of the house. Across
these outer. ends we spike 2 by 4 O,
2 by 6 pieces to hitch to-. The floor
should be Of good oak boards. but need
not be very tight. The sides are match
ed lumber, and the roof should be as
light as possible. We have used felt
paper for roofing for five years, but
the kind we used became leaky in
about two years, and now we have
four or five houses to reroof. We ex-
pect to try galvanized iron or tin. The
uprights or studding are 2 by 2 placed
two feet apart. except that there are
2 by rs placed at each side Of doors,
Doors are fastened shut by means of
strong wooden buttons, each held by 8
spike.-Olin II Dobbins in National
StOckman.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
Up AGAINST It.,

Feeding hogs economically with high
priced food is what every feeder Of
swine is up against this season. 1t
will not accomplish the desired result
to cut down their rations or feed just
enough to maintain existence. They
must be fed enough to make a daily
gain or there will be no profit in your
winters work. For the past ninety
days we have fed with success the fol-
lowing rations twice each day. mixing
the evening feed every marning and
the morning feed each evening. thus
letting it soak twelve to fourteen hours.
We prefer to mix with hot water. but
if not convenient we use cold water.
Into a thirty-two gallon cask we put
six pounds old process oilmeal. ten
pounds of wheat middlings. twenty
pounds of cornmeal. three pounds Of
salt. Mix thoroughly and fill cask full
Of water. This feeds forty head. aver
age weight 100 pounds. at a cost Of III
cents per head per feed. or 2A cents
per head per day. Driving them over
the scales each week shows a daily
gain Of eight to twenty ounces per pig
per day. At noon we feed about 200
pounds of refuse cabbage. Would feed
alfalfa at noon If we had 1t. Persons
having milk to mix with the above ra-
ton can make a more satisfactory gain.
Give swine dry beds. making them
comfortable in cold weather.-S. in Ma.
tional Stockman.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
HOG HOUSE.
Portable and In Use In Various Ways
the Year Round.

Portable and In Use In Various Ways
the Year Round.
We send herewith a sketch of what
we think the best, handiest and cheap
est hog house we have v used. Two
doors in front make it convenient for
ventilating, as we have them face
south in the winter time. If there is a
cold wind from the southwest the west
doors are closed and the east one open
ed. Should the wind be in the east or
southeast they are reversed. The house
Is divided inside by a portable partition
which should be nearly four feet high
and made of good oak boards with very
narrow cracks between them. especial,
ly nea the bottom. With this partition
in place it makes good, roomy beds 8 by
8 feet each for the sows. and when
through with it for sows the partition
is removed and placed by the back
wall and held there by a large wooden
button turning down over the top
board. In this shape we S it for
twenty to twenty-five pigs and find it
better than any of q half dozen differ.
ent patterns that we have used and are
using, as it affords better ventilation
and is easier to clean. as there is plenty
of room.
We use these houses in spring and
fall for the sows. In summer they arc
used for hens with little chickens. be.
ing pulled into the chicken lot or or
chard. and they would make excellent
colony houses for laying hens. In win.
ter they furnish beds for fall pigs, thus
making themselves useful the year
around.
One good horse Or ordinary team will
move one Of them anywhere on the
level ground. and as they are only eight
feet wide they will pass through any
ordinary gate. The bracket arrange
ment seen at the ends of the house is
for attaching portable fence which we
use.
Size of house is 8 by 10 feet, four
feet high at back and seven feet in
front. The runners or foundation are
4 by 4 oak. beveled off at each end
with an Ak so as to run easily. The
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
4 vlNDIcTIvE REPTILE
Ways of the Venomous Fer.de-lance
of Martinique.

VI martinique
The fer-de-lance is found CD the IL.
lands OF Martinique and Santa Lucia.
where the natives counteract it's virus
with u decoction of jungle henliock.
and the basis of its grewsome reputa.
ton seems to be the fact that it does
not war; the intruders of its haunts
after the n of the cobra or the
rattlesnake. bnt fattens its coils and.
with slightly. vibrating tail. awaits
events.
II the unsuspecting traveller should
show no sign of hostile intent he may
be allowed to pass unframed within
two yards of the coiled matadore. but
a closer approach Is apt to be construed
as a challenge. and the v%ivoron. sud.
denly rearing its ugly head. may scare
the trespasser into some motion of self
defense. He may lift his foot or brand
ish his stick in a menacing manner. If
he does. he is lost. The lower coils
will expand. bringing the business end.
neck and all a few feet nearer; the
head points like a leveled rife. then
darts forward with electric swiftness.
guided by an unerring instinct for the
selection of the least protected parts of
the body. H-
And the vindictive brute is ready to
repeat its bite. For a moment 1t rears
back, trembling with excitement, and
If felled by q blow of it's victims stick
will snap away savagely at stumps
and stones or even. like a wounded
panther. at its own body.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
UNCLE SAM.

IA prodigiously heavy cropper and some
times called the handsomest potato
grow tubers white, dry and floury. of
fine quality and uniform size.]
stems above ground and underground
stems or rhizomes, on which the tubers
are borne.
AS the underground or tuber bearing
stems bear no roots, they must depend
for their development on the root sys-
TEN of the plant and the leaves aud the
plant food which these bring to them.
1t will be seen, therefore. that it is i'm
portant to have a good root system and
a good leaf development in order to
have a good crop of tubers.
The potato appears to thrive best in a
moist, somewhat cloudy and temperate
climate. but provided there is suf-
cient moisture in the soil and the grow
ing season is long enough it is not at
all fastidious in this respect. 1t is a
little more particular in the matter Of
soil. but large crops are grown in a
great variety of soils. The ideal soil
for potatoes appears to be a rich, deep,
friable. warm sandy loan, with good
natural drainage and we'll supplied
with decayed or decaying vegetable
matter.
The potato requires a large amount
Of moisture to develop a large crop Of
potatoes, and for this reason the soil
should be retentive Of moisture. Pota-
toes will not. however. succeed we'll in
cold soil where the water is stagnant
near the surface, and thorough drain
age is very essential to a good crop.
Potatoes succeed admirably on new
land provided it is well drained and
not too stiff. as the soil is filled with
decayed vegetable matter and humus.
which help to make it loose. Such
soil retains moisture we'll and furnishes
nitrogen in a very available form.
They succeed we'll after sod also, as
the decaying sod gives somewhat tho
same condition as new land.
Clay and clay loans are not SO suit
able to the potato crop as the warmer
sandy loans and gravelly soils. as they
are usually colder. and, as a rule being
sitter. the tubers are not as ever in
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
PLOwSHARE.

thrifty as any in the world, SOM of
which is broken every spring. Farm
ers would find this a very great task
indeed if they found it necessary to
employ any such cumbersome devices
as the one accompanying the article in
question. We use a common walking
pillow. with a wheel or shoe under he
end Of the beam and a straight or slant
ing cutter. The secret Of the whole
problem lies in the fact that the plow-
share from A to B along the dotted
line D is conceived so that the pillow
rests upon the curved portion and the
point c is at least a half an inch above
the level or a half an inch higher than
the point A or the point B.
The share should be e or CON-
paratively so in order to give room
for the concave surface. Any village
blacksmith can fix the share. 1t would
be advisable not to temper the share,
as it is necessary to file it every few
rounds when blowing old alfalfa. Any
team worthy of the name can pull the
plow with as little effort as is requir-
ed when blowing stubble.
We do not plow alfalfa more than
three inches deep, because after that
depth the deeper n plows the harder
the alfalfa is to kill. The depth is
regulated by the wheel under the beam.
and any boy who a pillow stubble
can easily enough handle the pillow in
alfalfa. When the plow is thus fixed
for blowing alfalfa, however, n can
not plow grain stubble with it. For
this purpose the share would have to
be made into its original shape, or.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
IRISH CoBB1ER.

IA very popular potato similar to or iden-
teal with Eureka Extra Early. It bears
larger sized tubers. is a splendid cropper
and comes in about a fortnight ahead of
the Early Rose and several days ahead
Of the Early Ohio. This variety is, dis
placing many Of the heretofore stand
ard early varieties.1
shape or as smooth. The quality of
the potatoes grown in sandy or gravel
ly soils is better than that of those
grown in clay of clay loans.
During a four years test Irish Cob
bier was the most productive among
six early and extra early varieties.
Varieties which are comparatively
free Of blight are American Wonder.
Enormous, Sir Walter Raleigh and On
Gle Sam, all late kinds. The Vermont
Cold Coin, a very promising variety.
also appears to be especially blight re-
sistant.
Vermont Gold Coin is particularly
worthy Of notice. It is very produc-
tive and in appearance somewhat like
Carman No. 1.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
up to Date Gardening.

Three things are essential to the pes
auction of an early crop-namely, early
varieties, early planting, rapid growth.
competitor on the local market with
a variety that is normally ten days
later than his variety as it would be to
enter a draft horse in a speed contest
against 4 standard bred trotter. While
it is true that many of the earliest vari-
cites are Lot Of as high quality as the
later sorts, when earliness is the factor
which determines the profits, other
characteristics of the variety are of
secondary Importance. OF course the
man who is growing vegetables for his
own table will include in his garden
some of the later high quality sorts.
but the present attitude of most mar
kets offers little inducement to the
commercial grower to select varieties
Of high quality unless they are also
early.
Very early in the spring there are
usually a few days Of warm weather
and a cessation of showers, resulting
in sufficient drying of the soil in favor
ed locations to permit the preparation
Of a seed bed and the planting Of GER
tain hardy vegetables. 1t often hap
pens that in this brief period of IA
vorable weather the soil does not quite
reach workable condition except in ia.
vorable locations.
The aim, then. should be to select a
site for early vegetables which will
reach a workable condition as early as
any soil In the locality. A well drain.
ed piece of land should be chosen, and
If the slope is to the south 1t will dry
cut still earlier.-John w. Lloyd. I'LL.
nois.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
Runyan's Sharp Answer.

John Bunyan wrote 1.-The Pilgrims
Progress" in Bedford jail. where he
was confined for his religion. A Quak-
er came to the prison and thus adj
dressed him: M
"Friend Bunyan. the Lord hath sent
me to seek for thee. and l have been
thee, and now l am glad I: have found
thee =.
Bunyan replied Friend. thou dost
not speak truth in saying the Lord
sent thee to seek for. me. for. the Lord
well knows that l have been in this
jail for some, years. and II he had sent
thee he would have sent thee here d.
rectly."
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08

EGG TURNE READY o BUSINESS.
after l put the chicks in. Then l be-
gin to let it run down two Or three
degrees each day until l get it as
low as Is or 10 degrees. keep a
lamp burning all the time, day and
night, for two weeks for fear of a
sudden change. OF course l let them
out in a run by the time they are q
week old, but when they begin to feel
cold they will go back to the brOoder,
says S. Fl. Bass in American Agricul-
turist, in which the following timely
items also occur:
Turning eggs by hand is Il slow proc
ess if many must be turned at a time.
The device shown herewith saves
much time since by a partial turn of
the roller back or forward all the eggs
may be made to turn at once. The
drawer may be built of any light stuff,
with still lighter divisions. The bot
tom is replaced by a rough cloth
stretched between two rollers and held
tight with Il crank for winding. One
turn of the roller should be enough to
turn the eggs. Any n can make it.
The double brooding coop shown In
the drawing is four feet square. thrcc
feet high ut rear and two and a half
in front. 1t may be built Of tongue
and groove stuff or straight edge
boards one-half or three-quarter inch
thick. The hinged lids should have two
cleats each to make them firm. In
front is an inch mesh wire netting, and
at the edges are strips Of three-quarter
by ~ incl stuff to insure rigidity. In
n corner. as shown, is the nest, four
inches deep and fifteen to eighteen
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
SETTING A

up in a trench and covered to a depth
of two to six inches with sand or mel
low soil. This protected the top buds
from freezing and gave the butts the
benefit of the warmth of the sun in
the spring to stimulate root growth.
This spring the bundles should be
taken up and the cuttings set about
three inches apart, with only the top
most bud or buds above the surface of
the ground (see cut). The soil is then
replaced and thoroughly packed. III
planting, the cuttings should be expos
ed to light and air as little as possible.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
Quality In Seeds.

AS the result of tests Of alfalfa. red
clover and grass seeds secured in the
open market Chief Galloway of the
bureau Of plants industry makes a re,
port that is certainly of interest to
farmers.
Red Cloyer.-Of the 1,217 samples of
red clover seed secured 4O5, or one-third.
contained seed Of dodder. 424 contain
ed traces of yellow trefoil seed, and
135 bore evidence of having originated
in Chile.
Alfalfa.-Of the 800 samples Of alfal-.
IA seed secured 1911. or about one-half.
contained seed Of dodder, 1876 contained
a trace of yellow trefoil seed. 100 con-
tanned a trace Of sweet clover seed,
and 16 contained a trace Of bur clover
seed.
Bromus Inermis.-Of the IS samples
Of Bromus inermis seed obtained Is
contained seed of cheat. or chess, %
contained from 2 to 3 per cent OF seed
of the wheat grasses, several con.
tanned seed Of meadow fescue, and one
contained more than "a per cent of
MEADOW rescue and rye grass seed to-
gether.
Kentucky Blue Grass.-of the 429
samples Of Kentucky blue grass seed
obtained only 8 were found to be free
from any trace Of Canada blue grass.
In most Of these samples the trace of
Canada blue grass found was immature
seed. showing that it was harvested
with the Kentucky blue grass seed. The
seeds OF the two plants not ripening at
the same time. it is improbable that
mature seed Of Canada blue grass
would be harvested with Kentucky
blue grass seed. In 40 samples, how.
ever, Canada blue grass seed was found
in quantities exceeding s per cent. 80
Of these being Canada blue grass seed
misbranded as Kentucky blue grass
seed.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
Farm ana
Garden
PLow FOR ALFALFA.
Utah Farmers Adaptation Of the Com
mon Walking Plow.

Utah Farmers Adaptation Of tho Com
mon Walking PIow.
An article coming under my observa.
ton is n entitled "Types of Plows,"
accompanied by a cut Of a German
wheel pillow. Why a man should run a
clumsy, numbering construction akin 10
q self binder for breaking up lucern
when our common hand pillow will an
swer the purpose is beyond me. l
fail to see where the writer's concep-
ton of a German wheel plow OF tne
1870 type is much in advance OF Mr'
Wings idea Of a French plow in the
twentieth century. A farmers time Is
too precious an1 capable architects are
too few and too expensive In this coun-
try to make a pillow of such design OF
any practical value to its owner.
We have here in Utah thousands o.
acres of alfalfa as luxuriant n
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
+. Seed Supply.

HE "M1EEN = - . L
It is remarkable how rapidly a sup
ply Of grain may be built up from a
single four or five pound sample. Take,
for example. a four pound sample Of
oats. This with ordinary care will
usually produce on the average about
four bushels. This sown the next sea-
son on two acres Of land will, at q very
moderate estimate. give 100 and some
times upward Of 200 bushels. Taking
the lower figure as the basis for this
calculation. the crop at the end Of the
second year would be sufficient to SOW
fifty acres, which at the same moder-
ate computation would furnish $500
bushels as available for seed or sale
1t the end Of, the third year.-Dr. VIII
liam Saunders.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
arm ana
Garden
CHICKEN BUSINESS.

Use Of tho Brooder-Turnins EGGS
Double Coops.
My experience has been that In rails
ing early broilers or fancy poultry to
hatch the chicks in the incubator and
raise them in breeders gives best re-
suits. A day or two before the time
for them to hatch I heat the brooder
to so degrees and keep it as near that
point as l can for two or three days
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
That Ga. Bill.

"say," exclaimed the irate fat DWELL
er as he rushed into the gas Office, do
you mean to say this bill represents
the amount Of gas we burned last
month? ?"
"Not necessarily" calmly replied the
man behind the desk. ut merely repre-
sents the amount you have to pay for"
Chicago News.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
He Wont.

She latter ~ o'clock)-And would you
really put yourself out for my sake?
He-Indeed l would! She-Then do it,
please. I'm awfully sleepy.-London
Telegraph.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
Different Walks.

what would you do II you was one
O Iese millionaires?" said Meandering
Mike.
II s'pose," answered Flooding Pete.
dat I'd get meself a golf outfit an
walk fur pleasure instid O. from neces-
sity."-Washington Star.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
Onion Land

Land that has grown any crop re-
Turing high culture and heavy manur-
ing and is free from weed seeds will
generally grow coed onions, Some
times onions are raised on newly clear
ed woodland or prairie sod with great
success simply BY sowing the seed
broadcast and narrowing It IN. But
this - seldom attempted.-Green.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
Opportunity Always Knocking,

1t is said that opportunity KNOCKS
once at the door of every nan and
that the II who was out. knocks ever
afterward. The first part of the state
ment is not true unless you make the
"once" read "all the time" Opportu-
nifty is with you all the time. Great
corporations are constantly looking for
men of brains and character, men who
a do something that, issneeded in the
worlds work. Learn to do something
that is useful and do II, well and your
fortune is made if you will keep at it.
Today Is Doors Day.
This is an age of doing. Be able to
deliver the goods" and you will be
wanted. The test is doing. Learn how
to think and you will soon know what
to think. A man is of little value until
he can take care of himself. Learn to
take care of yourself and help others
to the same high standard.
Four delegates at large to the Re
publican national convention, at Chi.
cago were selected at the Republican
state convention at Portland, Me-, and
will go to Chicago without instruc'
lions as to presidential candidates.
Six delegates at large to the Repub'
lican national convention at Chicago,
instructed to support William H. Taft
for the nomination for the presidency,
were elected by the Colorado Repub'
lican state convention at Pueblo.
Four uninstructed and u%npledged
delegates at large to the Republican
national convention at Chicago were
elected at the Vermont state conven.
ton. Z
Connecticut Democrats sent an un.
instructed delegation 70 the Denver
convention. An effort to endorse
Bryan was defeated.
West Virginia Republicans. In state
convention, endorsed Taft fol preei
dent.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
DOUBLE BkUODIN6 COOP.

inches square, according to the size Of
the hens kept. The board door is GOV.
cred with sawdust or sand. Food and
drink are readily supplied through the
door, which preferably lifts in front.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
Where Hogs Follow c,ttl..

Even II in addition to corn other
concentrates richer in protein and ash
than is corn are fed to steers, the Q
In the droppings is much more. readily
found, and the benefit derived BY the
hog from the feeds other than corn Il
not very great, although It Is believed
that some beneat may be derived. !.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-05-08
UNDER SIDE OF p1owsHARE.

UNOEH SHE OE FUUWSHAhEs
better still, if one has a great deal of
alfalfa breaking to do. use another
share, using the especially prepared
one for the purpose Of breaking up lu-
Germ only. concludes A. ]. Syndergaard
in Breeders Gazette, Chicago.