davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
KAISER WILLIAM AT vienna
Attends Diamond Jubilee of Emperor
Francis Joseph.

Attends Diamond Jubilee of Emperor
Francis Joseph.
Vienna, May 8.-The heads of the
princely houses of Germany, led by
Emperor William, have assembled in
Vienna to present their congratula-
lions to Emperor Francis Joseph on
the occasion of the diamond jubilee of
his reign as emperor-king of Austria
Hungary and to inaugurate series of
festivities with which the jubilee is
to be celebrated throughout the dual
monarchy. E
Emperor William and the empress
arrived at the Meidling railroad sta
ton from Pola, where they landed
from the imperial yacht Hohenzollern.
The royal visitors were met and well
coined at this station by Emperor
Francis Joseph, who accompanied
them by train to another station near
Schoenbrunn palace, known as Pen
zing. Here there was a great gather
ing of notables to receive the German
emperor and his wife. All the Aus
TRAN archdukes and archduchesses
and the principal state officials, the
members of the German embassy and
the burgomaster of Vienna. were on
the station platform when Emperor
Francis Joseph alighted from the train
and was followed by Emperor Will
lam.
Shortly before noon all the other
royal visitors, most of whom had been
given quarters in the Hofburg in
Vienna, were driven out in court car
riages to Schoenbrunn and assembled
in the great crimson drawing room of
that palace, where they were joined
by Emperor William and the empress.
The procession, composed of the Ger
man princes, all in brilliant uniforms
and headed by Emperor William and
his wife, then proceeded to the Marie
Antoinette salon, where Emperor
Francis Joseph awaited his visitors.
Emperor William made speech in
which he rendered Emperor Francis
Joseph the congratulations of those
present upon the sixtieth anniversary
of the beginning of his reign.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Mr.. CANNON ON THE CARPET.

For weeks considerable portion
of Joseph B. Cannon's fellow citizens
have been fairly aching for an op-
portunity to tell the cynical old
gentleman just what the country and
the Republican party think of him
and his methods.
Theodore Roosevelt, with his un-
failing ability to translate a popular
wish into action, yesterday called
Mr.. Cannon to the White House and
told him few plain truths. The
one that must have appealed most
forcefully to the Speaker is the fact
that he is held responsible if the
voters express their entirely proper
indignation over a do nothing Con-
gress" by defeating a large portion
of the Republican congressman seek
ing reelection.
The President voiced the demand
of the people that Congress do as
much instead of as little as possible
during the remaining weeks of the
session. Never has he undertaken a
battle in which the nation was so
solidly behind him, and Mr.. Cannon
cannot realize that fact too quickly
for his own good and that of his
party.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
THE FLEET AT SAN FRANCISCO.

With the coming of the battleship
fleet to San Francisco comes also an
opportunity for the city of the Col
den Gate TO redeem the Pacific coast
in the eyes of the American sailor.
Jack has been in several foreign
lands since he cheerfully whistled
The Girl I Left Behind Me" down
in the Chesapeake waters last win
ter, and in every town he has visited
he has been treated as an honored
guest. 1t was only when he once
more trod his native soil in the
Southern California towns that he
was made the victim of extortion by
shopkepers and swihdlers eager to
pluck him of his every cent before he
could escape to his ship.
Rio, Punta, Arenas, Lima, all saw
in the coming of the American
sailors something more than an
opportunity for profit, and in all
of these cities the tars behaved in
a manner that won lasting credit for
themselves and their flag. 1t was
only when an American town was
reached that the American sailor was
hailed as the legitimate spoil of
Shoppers. The immediate result was
the wrecking of a restaurant whose
owner had charged So for fifty-cent
meal.
What is San Francisco going to
do for the men of the fleet? Will it
allow its Barbary coast divekeepers,
its gamblers and liquor dealers to
drug and rob without check? If so
the armada's visit at the Golden
Gate is sure to be married by street
fights for which the sailors will be
held responsible, but for which the
harpies of the dives really are to
blame. Will San Francisco really
welcome the fleet or will it hail with
one hand and rob with the other?
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
FOR BETTER ROADS,
Postofflce Department Starts Move.
ment for Improvement.

Washington, May The postofice
department estimates that SO per cent
of the public highways. in states where
rural delivery is generally In opera
ton are covered by rural routes and
as rural service cannot be officially
administered on roads that are not
kept in good repair road officials and
rural patrons are giving more atten-
ton to this work than ever before in
the hope Of maintaining their mail
delivery.
Assistant Postmaster General De-
graw expressed great satisfaction in
the growing interest daily being mani
tested throughout the country in the
good roads movement In many coun-
ties in different states commercial
clubs and good roads associations are
holding public meetings and conduct
ing a series of lectures on road build
Ing and the use of road drags and are
offering cash and other premiums to
encourage road building.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Dynamited by Night Riders.

Nashville, Tenn, May s.-Night rid
ers dynamited and wrecked an engine
belonging to w. e. Wall of Fredonia,
Montgomery county. A letter ad.
dressed to Wall was found near the
wrecked engine. Wall is an indie.
pendent tobacco grower and has suf.
fered heavy loss at the hands of his
enemies. His store, house and barn
were burned some time ago, and he
was forced to change his place of resi-
denca
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
A W0MAN'S BACK.
The Aches and Pains Will Disappear
if the Advice Of This Bemidji
Citizen Is Followed.
A woman's back has many aches

A woman's back has many aches
and pains.
Most times It's the kidneys
fault.
Backache is really kidney ache;
That's why Doan's Kidney Pills
cure it.
Many Bemidj women know
this.
Read what one has to say about
it.
Mrs. ]. E, cahlll, living at 81
Minnesota Ave, Bemidji, Mimi,
says: 81 have never had any
serious trouble with my kid
neys but a few months ago
there were unmistakable signs
that my kidneys were disordered.
There was pain through the
small of my back and other
symptoms pointing to kidney
disturbance. l had heard so much
about Doan's Kidney Pills that
] concluded to give them a trial,
and procured a box at The Owl
Drug Store. ! took them accord
ing to directions, was cured and
have felt perfectly well since. I
am well pleased with the results
that followed the use of Doan's
Kidney Pills IN my case and
have no hesitancy in recommend
ing them to others suffering
from kidney complaint.
For sale by all dealers. Price
SO cents. Foster Milburn Co.,
Buffalo, New York, sole agents
for the United States.
Remembers the name Doan's
and take no other.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
INSTRUCT FOR BRYAN
Massachusetts Democrats Hold
State Convention.
JOHNSON WINS IN MINNESOTA
Primary Contests Throughout the
State Indicate That the Governors
Supporters Will Control the Selec.
ton of Delegates.

ton OF Delegates.
Boston, May S.-The Democratic
state convention instructed its four
delegates at large to the national con-
vention to vote for William J. Bryan
for the presidential nomination.
James w. Synam, chairman of tn
state committee, called the conven.
ton to order. Frederick j. Stimson of
Dedham was elected temporary chair
man. In his speech he discussed prin-
cipally what he termed "the cyclone
of Capitalization" before which all
other issues must give way. The
speaker praised William J. Bryan as
leader who saw the evil coming and
promised to fight it. The section of
the platform endorsing Bryan says:
"a united party desires the election
of William J. Bryan president of the
United States. To this end we in.
struct the four delegates elected in
this convention to cast their votes in
the national convention for William ].
Bryan"
The resolutions as presented to the
convention were declared adopted by
the chairman, but the action was
doubted. A motion to reconsider was
jeered and was not submitted to the
assembly.
A motion to elect the delegates at
large by reclamation was carried by
a vote of 408 to 1852. The convention
then elected George Fred Williams,
John B. Moran of Boston, Daniel F.
Doherty of Westfield and John w.
Coughlan of Fall River.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Understood
i IS well understood BY reliable
dealers that
osP !'!!!|!!! :
Ella:vorin6 ysn,,,.
EwA~>. Lemon
NHY2HS Orange
0ANA 0VkO Rose, etc,

nave constituted for years past the
standard f1avors in all the markets
OF this country. If the opinion Of
the best class Of consumers is at
all worthy Of acceptance, they are
the purest, strongest, and finest
Aavoring extracts in the world.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Miners Sensational Suicide.

Duluth, May S.-Thomas Wrin-
killed himself at Virginia in the dining
room of his boarding house by tying a
stick of dynamite to his head and set
ting fire to the fuse. He first called
some women to see him commit the
act, but when they saw the dynamite
they fed, one being badly hurt. The
explosion tore the man to pieces and
wrecked the boarding house.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Fatally Shot by Detectives,

Seattle, Wash, May SIN a des-
perate gun fight in a crowded thor
oughfare in this city Joe Garcia, alias
Joe Cordovia, who now confesses to
having shot and killed Policeman
Joseph Ford in Salt Lake City on the
night of Dec. IA Immediately following
holdup and robbery of saloon by
Garcia and his companions, was him
self shot and fatally wounded by de-
toctiuos ---.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
KILL EXPRESS MESSENGER
Robbers Board Train on the Denver
and Rio Grande.

Denver, May Strain robbers who
boarded Denver and Rio Grande train
No. 4 at Castle Rock shot and killed
Express Messenger Charles H. Wright,
aged sixty, employed by the Globe Elk.
press company. From the dead mes
senger the robbers took the keys to a
small safe in the baggage car, which
they opened and took the contents, in
all worth less than $500. The robbers
tempered with a big safe in the car,
which contained a large sum of
money, but were unable to open it.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
FORAKER ASKS INFORMATION
Wants to Know if Commodity Clause
Is Being Enforced.

Washington, May Upon motion
of Senator Foraker the senate adopted
q resolution calling upon. the inter-
state commerce commission to inform
The senate whether the commodity
clause of the railroad rate law, which
went into effect May 1, is being en-
forced and whether, if it is not, the
failure to enforce is due to an agree.
nent between the railroad companies
and the authorities that the COM
panies shall have immunity from pun
lshment Responding to a suggestion
from Senator Bacon that the resolu-
ton apparently was very significant
Mr.. Foraker. said that he simply de-
sired the facts for use in; any suisse
quent discussion Of the subject. He
agreed with Mr.. Bacon that no one in
an executive Office had authority: to
suspend the operation of law. S
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Chicago Union Stock Yards.

Chicago, May 7.-Cattle- Beeves,
$475@7.25; Texans, $4.e0@5.50; West
ern cattle, $4.65@6.00; stockers and
feeders, $3.7O@5.75; COWS and heifers,
$2.50@6.6O; calves, $5.50@6.oO. Hogs
Light, $5.25@5.65; mixed, $1,000
5:671A:- heavy, $5.25@5.65; rough,
$5.26@5.60; good to choice heavy,
$5.40@5.65; pigs, $4.4O@5.2O. Sheep,
$4.O0@6.1o; yearlings, $6.15@e.76;
lambs, $5.50@76O.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Chicago Grain and Provisions.

Chicago. May 7.-Wheat-May, ST.
02A; July, sOaso@9o1ac; Sept, sec.
Corn-May, 1880; July, 64h @649ac;
Sept, 62Mc. Oats-May, old, 55hc;
May, 54%c; July, old, 47Ac; July,
4b1kc; Sept, BIN @37ssc. Pork-May,
$3.50; July, $3.50; Sept, s13S2h.
Butter-Creameries, 19@25c; dairies,
1s024c. Eggs-14Ac. Poultry-Tur.
Keys, lac; chickens, lie; broilers, per
dozen, $350@5.50
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Eastern Road Changes Hands.

New York, May 1t is reported in
financial circles here that control Of
The Western Maryland railroad has
passed from the Goulds to other in
terests. The identity of the reported
purchasers has not been disclosed.
Representatives of Mr.. Gould decline
to discuss the matter. The property
is now in the hands of receivers. It
was over the Western Maryland that.
the Goulds hoped to reach Atlantic
tideWater.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
METHODIST CONFERENCE.
Twenty-fifth Session Begins Work at
Baltimore.

Baltimore, May With hymns of
praise and prayers for divine guild
ance the tWenty-flfth delegate session.
of the general conference of the Meth
odist Episcopal church was begun at
the Lyric theater in this city. Bishop
Henry w. Warren of Denver called
the assemblage to order. Nearly all
the delegates were in their seats and
the remainder of the spacious audi
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Terrific Wind and Rain Storm.

Chicago, May 8.-One man was
killed, many pedestrians were put in
peril by falling live wires and others
we're blown down and injured during
terrific wind and rain storm. In the
outlying parts of the city windows
were broken, electric wires carried
away and trees blown down..
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
LongWorth to Stump Ohio.

Columbus, o., May SIT is an
nounced that Congressman Nicholas
Longworth will stump the state this
fall in the interest of the Republican
ticket headed by Governor Harris and
his wife will probably go on the
stamping tour with him, but she will
not make any speeches, as reported.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Arrested on Murder Charge.

Portland, Ore, May Edward
Hugh Martin, son of former Wardman
Hugh Martin of the New York city
police department, graduate from
West Point, once first lieutenant in
the regular army and armor plate ex-
pert at Sandy Hook, has been arrest
ed on a charge Of numbering Nathan
Wolff, pawnbroker, in this city Friday
last. Martin denies any knowledge of
the crime.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Japan Protests Against Boycott.

Japan Protests Against Boycott.
Picking, May SHARON Hayashi, the
Japanese minister to China, has hand
ed in another communication from his
government to the Chinese foreign
board protesting against the continu-
ance of the Chinese boycott on Japa-
nese goods arising from the Tatsu
Maru incident.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Man, Wife and Baby Killed.

Bakersfield, Cal, May S.-W. E.
Loucke, his wife and their baby were
Instantly killed when an automobile in
which they were riding was struck by
2 Southern Pacific train at Reedley.
Ioueke was q prominent business man
Of Selma
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Wisconsin Man Robbed at Frisco.

San Francisco, May 81. H. Eaton,
member of the firm of Eaton &
Eaton, manufacturers of Monroe, Wis,
was brutally beaten and robbed of
$1,000 on Ninth street, within a few
yards of Market. Eaton, who had
been travelling to the southern part
Of the state, had reached San Fran
cisco with the intention of remaining
during the festivities of fleet week.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
IN PAPER TRUST HEARING
Minnesota Publisher Before House
Committee

washington, May 8.-Milie Bunnell,
publisher of the Duluth (Minn.) News
tribune, appeared before the special
mousse committee investigating the
price of paper and told the same story
that had been related by his prede-
cessors on the stand-"the constantly
increasing cost of paper to the news
papers and the impossibility Of buying
from any but particular mill"
From my experience in making
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Duluth Wheat and Flax.

Duluth, May 7.-Wheat-To arrive
and on track-No. hard, $1.10H; No.
1 Northern, $1.08%; No. 2 Northern,
$1.04%; May, $1.06%; July, $1.OeB;
Sept, SIC. Flax-To arrive and on
track, $1.20A; May, $1.20; July, ST.
21%; Sept, $1.22A; Oct, $1.21A.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
KENTUCKY FOR TAFT.
Delegates to National Republican Con
vention Instructed.

delegates to National Republican Con-
vention Instructed.
Louisville, May 8.-Secretary Taft
was endorsed by the Republican state
convention, the delegates to the ma
tional convention being instructed for
the secretary of war; The platform
adopted says, in part:
"By natural gifts, by special train
ing, by wide and uncommon expert
ence William H. Taft of Ohio is fitted
for the office of president of the Unit
ed States and we instruct our dele
gates to the national convention at
Chicago to vote for him until he shall
be nominated."f
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08

And now some of the railways are
accused of not paying for all the
water they got. Thought it was the
stockholders who paid for railway
water"
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
CORN CLIMBING UPWARD.

Price OF May option on Chicago Board
Touches ~ Cents.
Chicago, May Successive rains
over the territory tributary to Chi
cago, in consequence of which it is
believed that farmers will be unable
to ship in sufficient grain for the re-
lief of shorts, were responsible for an
excited advance in the price of May
corn. The first offers for May ranged
from 71A to 721s cents, but these fig
ures brought out few offerings. The
price rapidly mounted to IA cents. Re-
ceipts were only ninety cars and the
arrivals are expected to continue
light for some time to come.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Minneapolis Wheat.

Minneapolis, May Wheat May,
$1.oSA; July, $1.07k @1.07ss. On
track-No. 1 hard, $1.11% @111%;
No. / Northern, $1.09ss; No. 2 North
ern, $1.07as; No. 8 Northern, s1.O7%
@1.0SH.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
St. Paul Union Stock Yards.

W dUI 0IIIVTI 0IVCN elIV6s
st. Paul, May 7.-Cattle-Good to
choice steers, SCHOOLGIRLS; fair to good,
$5.00@5.75; good to choice COWS and
heifers, $500; veals, $3.75@B.25. Hogs
Sheep-Wethers, 1925;
good to choice lambs, $6.25@65O.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Leading Peruvians Arrested.

Leading Peruvians Arrested.
Lima, Peru, May S.-As an outcome
Of its investigation of the recent futile
revolutionary movement in Peru the
government has caused to be arrested
and has turned over for trial by a
military court ten of the leading men
in the Democratic and Liberal parties.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08

Rockford has graft ''quiz." But
not until the investigation attalns to
the digging of "probe' will the
grafters squirm.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
Young Wife Is Convicted.

Young Wife Is Convicted.
Clinton, a., May S.-Seventeen-year-
old Irene Dolph, charged with the
murder of her hus band, has been con-
victed of manslaughter. She was SEN
fenced 20 eight years in the peniten.
Hary.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
OBSERVATIONS.
[By "Doc"1

Mr.. Winston Churchill was
silenced by a suffragette with a
bell. He tried to tell her, but she
tolled him!
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08

Our anxiety having been allayed
by special cable announcing that
Mr.. sVanderbilt's coach made its
initial run to Brighton on time
yesterday, we can again fix our at
tention upon the presidential cam
paign and the other minor details
of our daily life. .... e.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08
ARMY BILL AGREEDIOh
Officers and Enlisted Men viii
Secure Better Pay.
PROVISIONS OF MEASURE
Makes Flat Increase Of $500 Per
Year in Pay Of Officers and Of
Thirty-five Per Cent in the Pay Of
Enlisted Men.

3,
Washington, May Senator War
rem has reported to the senate COM
plete agreement Of the conferees on
the army appropriation bill and it was
adopted. It makes a flat increase of
$500 year in the pay of officers and
OF 50 per cent in the pay of enlisted
men of the army. The bill, as finally
agreed to, carries $95,3S2,246. The
additional appropriations made by the
senate for supplies and incidental ex-
penses for the quartermaster's depart.
ment, construction of barracks and
quarters for the field artillery for the
organized militia, manufacture of arms
and other items were scaled down and
SS,463,l62 eliminated from the bill,
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08

Those individuals who are falling
fifty, sixty or hundred feet and
picking themselves up unhurt"
clearly were destined by nature
for Jobs as flying machine chauff-
eurs.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1908-05-08

The house hy's only chance of
surviving the summer lies in Presi-
dent Roosevelt attacking him. Then,
in the East at least, his buzz will be
declared the first murmur of return
ing confidence.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-22
A PERILoUS FEAT.


GANlu1 1aNA1n Nt@psP@s@H'S@ :" s'F~
london Zoo.
Many more little dramas arc enact
ed al the 300 than the outside public
wots Of, says the London Standard.
Behind the lion house there Is q black
leopardeas which Is lmplacably say.
ago and tries 10 eat bier keeper. Her
nelghbor Ia a great romplng leopard
which iady reared In India He
comes out 10 play when the British
public N represented by only w.
cried ZOO man. Sometimes the AMI
mails get out without the consent Of
their Keepers. One which did 70 was
Obash. the hlppopotanuh lie proved
a savage indeed whom the attoinps was
made 10 deprive him Of bis liberty,
Happily the RlFdens were closed at
the time. Try rs they would. the
kcepers could not enlice Or coerce
the monster IN the direction Of his
den. Al last the superintendent called
up an assistant whom the hlppopotn'
mus hated. The chief put bank note
into the mans hand, "scott," be said,
''throw open the paddock gate, show
yourself 10 obasb. then run Tor H."
Scott did. The animal went for him,
raging along the path and after him
into the paddock. Scott climbed the
rulings Just 10 time, and the hippo.
potamus on turning found the gatc
secured behind Il. Presently press
representative arrived 10 investigate
the story. which had somehow be-
come known. "Hlppopotamus cscap.
edl On. dear no. Como and see him I
In his dcn," he was answered M they
led him 70 WHORE the monster was rc
eaGcE
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-22
a MERE BAGATELLE.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 2l-What
varied tzlents an editor must display
in the government service to earn q
meagre stipend is shown on cir
eular issued today by the civil sery-
ice commission. 1t announces an ex-
animation on November RI next for
"The position Of editor in charge Of
The departments Of the entomology,
economic zoology and veterinary
science in the experiment Stain rec
ord, department Of agriculture, at
$500 per annum, and to fill vacan-
cies requiring similar qualifications" I"