davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06
GOT TEN DAYS.

A man commonly known as "Slim"
was arrested by the police Friday
night for breaking one of the plate
glass windows in the 500 hotel.
Slim and some others were having
a SNOWFALL fight in the street with
the result that hard chunk of ice
went through the window.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06
Auction Sale,

Tuesday afternoon at 2 o'clock and
that night at 1880 at the Mckenzie
store room, there will be an auction
of dry goods, shoes, overshoes in
fact all lines kept in general
stock.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06
SOMETHING OF INTEREST.

e. b. Woodward, the JeWeIer, IS
rapidly getting his handsome new
store settled for the holiday trade and
things look very rich and elegant
there. He has something of interest
to say on the eighth page of this is
sue to the buyers. s-~
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

An indispensable line of Christmas
box papers at the Bismarck Station
cry Co.'s, on Fifth street.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

PIoWs' St. Louis Chocolates are the.
highest accomplishment in the art Of
confection making. The only place
you can find them Is at the Bismarck
Stationery Co.'S, on Firth street.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06
TRI-sTATE WEATHRR.

North Dakota Snow Sunday: cold
.er in west portion; Monday generally
fair,
South Dakota Sunday snow; Mon-
day generally fair
Minnesota Snow Sunday; Monday
partly cloudy and cooler; southeast
winds.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

Diable Rougeone of the late nov-
eIties-can be found at the Bismarck
Stationery Co.'S, on Fifth street.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

Diahie Rouge--one OF the late now
elites can be found at the Bismarck
Stationery Co.'s, on Fifth street.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

An unsurpassabte line of Christmas
box papers at fhe Bismarck station
cry Co.'S, on Fifth street.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

Buy i pair of those nice silk lined
gloves for your husband al The Ros-
ton.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06
ANOTHER LITER
JOHN HENRY, THE coLoRED
MAN WHO MURDERED HIS
ss HoUsEkEEPER AT GRAND
FORKS PLACED IN THE PEN
FOR LIFE.

+ga * j Nj
Sheriff o. g. Hanson and three
deputies arrived in the city Saturday
noon with one murderer and two Grim
sinaIs Of lesser degree. The murder
er was John Henry, a colored man,
who killed his housekeeper in a fit
of jealousy about three months ago.
He pleaded guilty and was given a.
life sentence. .5
Abner Brown, one of the other men,
was sent to the pen for a long time
for enticing little girls into his room
for immoral purposes and his case
aroused the greatest indignation in
Grand Forks at the time. Hardy, the
third man, is in for grand larceny.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

would make a nice Christmas present.
Al fine line for safe at The Boston.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06
Diabie Rouge one Of the late now
elites can be found al the Bismarck
Stationery Co.'S, on Fifth street.

The line OF Art Calenders and
Pictures done in water colors, and
shown at Knowels & Haney's are
certainly worth seeing.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06
The Golden Rule
FAMILY 6ROcERs

Good, meaty Peaches. per lb. 10
Fancy dried Pears. 2 1bs for az. .25
Fancy dried Respberries. per lb. 35
Fancy pittde Plums. per ID. 10
Evaporated Apricots. 2 LBS. for. .25
Evaporated Apples, : abs Tor 25
Santa Clara Prunes. 5 shs. for. .25
California dried Grapes. 3 1-2 lbs rs
Currents. per lb. pkg. 10
Seeded Raisins. per .bl pkg ~, al
Canned Red Cherries. each 20
Best Hams. per lb. Is
Picnic Hams. per lb- %
Nice lean Bacon, per II. n
Fancy Full Cream Cheese. per lb, II
Canned Pumpkin. each 40
Dill Pickles. q doz for ~. .....s .25
Kraut, per at Is. .s...5., 40
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

Diable Rouge--one Of the late now
elites can be found at the Bismarck
Stationery Co.'s, on Fifth street.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

Have you entered the Limerick con-
test.
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

An indispensable line of Christmas
box papers at the Bismarck Station
cry Co.'S, on Fifth street. #
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06

Sunday papers-aIl the big ones
at the Rismarck Stationery Co.'S, on
Fifth street.
Popular taste demands novelty
Our line of Art Metal goods IN brass
and bronze fills the demand exactly.
AT Knowles and q Haney's.
Christmas trees can be seen at the
Boston. 55 @
Bismarck daily tribune., 1908-12-06
Il Have you entered the Limerick com
a nice pair Of patent leather shoes

test.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
KANSAS CITY THEATRES
chrzIes Frohman Presents
WILLIAM COLLIER
IN THE Patriot.H

Chzrles Frohman win present VII
liam Collier. foremost among the
comedians OF the day, at the Willis
Wood theatre, week Of November s,
IN ~The Patriot" a farce in three acts.
by J. Hartley Manners and Mr.. Collier.
There is no more welcome event to
local theatre goers than the appear
ance here OF William Collier. His fun
making Is Irresistible ami his plays In
variahly clean. wholesome and divert
fng. Mr. Golfers notable success In
Caught In the RAIN "The Dictator"
~On the Quiet" and his earlier plays.
encmding The Man from Mexico"
and "Mr. Smooth" is q matter Of rec
ord In his new play. The Patriot"
he has the most pronounced success
of his areer He is not alone seen
20 better advantage than in his previ'
Gus successes. but has a play rich in
comedy and appealing in heart inter.
est that Is a distinct addition 10 stage
Literature and he creates q character
that win not be soon forgotten.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
A 90 county Roek Road.

Two miles Of the four.mile rock road
from Pleasant Hill to the Jackson
county line have been completed and
the contractors have begun work on
the last section Of two miles. the
greater part Of which is within the
limits OF Pleasant Hill. The road viii
cost about $4,000. Twelve thousand
dollars Of this sum was raised by pop
ular subscription, while the state will
supply the balance Of the money. The
road win reach the Jackson county
line at a point four miles south OF
Cockrell, and Jackson county. in &C
cordance with a pledge extended by
the county court several years ago.
will be asked 10 buiiu to a connection
with the Pleasant Hin road.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
LAMENr FoR cHANeeo rlMss.
Adoniram corntop Dlseourses on Pres
ent-Day ~EKtravaqanee.

yes, stree, Bin. times is changed
since you an me was doin' cur court
in" said Adoniram Corntop. with a
note Of sadness in his voice, to old
Andy Glover. who had come over to
set a SPELL"
When we was doin' our courtln'.
Andy. a gal thought she was bein'
treated right harnsom IL a Teller
bought her ten cents wuth o. pep'mints
once in awhile, an IL he tux her to
any doin's in town she didn't expect
him to go down into his jeans to the
tune Of a dollar or two fer ice cream
IN soda water an candy at fo'ty cents
= paound. Ny son 81 TUX his duckey-
doodle to the band concert in town
Yistiday an there want a quarter left
of a dollar bill he struck me fer time
be got home. Beats all the way young
folks throw the money away nova
days. l tell We times ia changed
nightly since we was boys, an the
Lawd only knows what the end will
De with a teller layin' out IS cents on
4 gal In one day Puck.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
eoINTrp

When q woman has her hair fixed
up she Is half dressed.
Lots wife may have been peppery
Before she turncd to salt
It's awfuIIy hard for a crooked man
90 keep In a straight path.
A man may follow his natural bent
and Jet be perfectly straight
Probably a fountain pen IS so called
because II is forever overlooking.
You can iatter a homely man by
Yelling him that his baby looks like
him
Many a girl who marries for money
doesn't even draw a housekeeper's
salary.
A wo17n would rather have n man
say he loved her and lie about II than
have him really love her and say
nothing
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
Puttlna u Polltely.

1t was evident that the directors
we're very nervous. Anxiously they
awaited the coming of the president
who had summoned them in haste. At
length he appeared. greatly distressed.
Gentlemen" he said, Il am very
sorry to say hat It is my duty to i'm
part t you some ~disagreeable news.
/ assure you that this is the saddest
day OF my life. / would rather have
cut OF my right arm than been com
PEELED to send for you on an occasion
OF this kind. Il is most
What's the natter" one OF the
directors impatiently asked.
The cashier has awaited"
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
va. sroNs


L~eavonworth. Kan-MaJ John stone,
chief surgeon of the military prison
at Fort LeavQnworth, according 10 or.
ders received here Friday, has been
sentenced TO a reduction OF ten nlea
IN rank, six months confinement to
the limits OF the post and a monthly
nne OF $50 Tor the same period. as a
result Of the court martial trial here
October ~. Mai. Stone was charged
with a refusal to obey orders and COM
duct unbecoming an officer. The
charges were preferred against him
by Mai T. II. Slavens. commandant
Of the military prison. Maj. Slayens
who was tried by the same court on
counter charges preferred by Maj.
Stone was acquitted.
Late In September orders concern
ing the sanitation were issued by the
commanding officer. Mai. stone de-
manded that the order be reduced to
writing, declaring it extraordinary and
illegal. At a conference following this
demand the trouble between the Of
hcers occurred. Mai. Stone charged
that he was assaulted and insulted by
his commanding officer, Mai. slayens,
who charges the surgeon with insubor-
dination.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
PUZZLE SOLVED.
Coffee at Bottom Of Trouble.

Il takes some people a long time 10
ind out that coffee Is hurting them.
But when once the fact Is clear.
most people try 70 keep away from
the thing which Is followed by ever
increasing detriment to the heart
stomach and nerves.
Until two years ago 7 was a heavy
coffee drinker," writes an III. stock
man, and had been all my life. / am
now Sc years old.
About three years ago ] began tc
have nervous spells and could not
sleep nights. was bothered by iudi
gestion. bloatlng. and gas on stomach
affected my heart.
Il spent lots OF money doct0ring-
one doctor told me ! had chronic ca
tarTh OF the stomach; another that
had heart disease and was liable "a
die at any time. They all dieted me
until ! was nearly starved but }
seemed 70 get worse instead Of better
Having heard Of the good Postum
had done foI people, ! dis
narded coffee altogether and began e
use Postum regularly. / soon got bet
ter, and now, after nearly two years
can truthfIlly say ! am sound ana
wen.
Il sleep well at night. do not have
the v spells and am not both
cred with indigestion or palpitation.
weigh 80 pounds more than when
began Postum, and am better ever!
way than / ever was while drinking cot
fee. I cant say too much in praise o
Postum. as I am sure It saved my life
There's q Reason"
Name given BY Postum Co, BATH
Creek. Mich. Read The Road 70 Vel
Vile" In pkgs.
liver rcad the above IetteFf A nei
cue appears from uuc 90 time. the
are ~gepuine, true aad fuii 81 humn
nteresL
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
MIssourl's Boars on color.

TIE Kansas City chapter, Daughters
OF the American Revolution. has
learned that the state OF Missouri has
no authorized nag and that It's omcial
seal Is deficient In it's appointments.
Mrs. Alice Ewing Walker OF Kansas
City made o search of the records OF
the legislature at Jefferson City. She
found no record Of the state ever hav-
ing adopted a flag. She found, too,
that no two authorities agree on the
Missouri seal Some books say the
bears on the seal should be white
and others that they should be OF the
grizzly variety. Mrs. Walker brought
these facts TO the attention OF the
Missouri d. A. r. at its recent confer
ence at Columbus and urged that
action be taken to remedy the def
cheney. A committee was appointed
to investigate and determine upon a
plan of action. Mrs. Walker and Mrs.
B. T. Whipple are the Kansas City
members Of this committee.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
Harvester suit Delay.

The custer suit against the Inter
national Harvester company, filed by
Attorney General Hadley, has been
continued to the January call " the
state supreme court. This action was
taken because the taking Of testimony
has not yet been completed. In add
ton TO the testimony Of Cyrus II.
Mccormick OF Chicago, the attorney
general, desires to obtain sworn state.
ments from several other officials OF
the company who, he says, have been
in Europe and have only lately re.
turned home.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
SD pental eoard 10.

H. B. Purl, KirksyilIe, president; 7.
E. Turner, St. Louis, vice president;
S. c. A. Rubey, Clinton, secretary;
r. D. Mcintosh, Joplin, and c. B. Cole
man, Poplar Bluff, comprising the Mis-
souri, state board of dental examiners,
held a meeting at St. Joseph recent
". The license Of Louis Jacob was
revoked because Of unprofessional
conduct. The board met later at Kan
sas City, where charges preferred
against ]. Homer Williams and John
]. Farrell were head.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
New Bill Of LadInn in Effect

Chicago-The new uniform bill OF
ladlng, approved by the Interstate
Commerce commission, went into ef-
feet on 416 railroads in the official
classification territory Sunday. Here
after every shipment OF freight in the
territory east OF the Mississippi and
north OF the Ohio must be made upon
the basis OF the new form, unless a
shipper Directing to the terms agrees
to pay 10 per cent more than the reg
ular freight rates.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05

The sinner walked along the rocky
road. his bare feet torn and bleeding
from bruises and wounds, He met a
stranger.
Friend" he exclaimed, Il have
sinned and done wrong, I must pa.
tiently suffer the most extreme agony
to save myself from eternal damna.
ton. Can you tell me some supreme
test OF rep~entance2"
Certainly answered the other
With an air Of experience. Go to 9
boarding house and 1--we there for .
year"
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
Motor to Ashes II sryan wins.

]. B. Delaney, secretary OF the
Green county Democratic central com.
hIttee, has announced tLat he would
burn his motor car on the public
square II Bryan were elected. He has
chosen lis method to show his Joy IN
case Of his favorite's victory. De.
ianey's machine is not a WORKOUT car.
It is modern and OF a standard make
Delaney in his machine was n OF the
three winners in the road race be
twetn l6 cars at Springfield, July 4.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
Happenings in Missouri.
Does turkey Keen Him There.

Tho members OF the Elks' lodge a,
Macon are trying to ascertain whoth.
or or not the founder OF their lodge,
DIT. A. X. Mussallcm, Is being forcibly
detained In Turkey, DR.. Mussallem
lett there June l.. He promised 70
write frequently to his brother Elka
aud to return here In September.
None has heard from him since he left
Dr. Mussallem Is a native OF Syria.
but has been a n%aturalized American
citizen 40 years. IL Is feared the
trouble with the Balkan states has
caused the sultan to refuse passports
to natives who want to return to other
countries. DR.. Mussallem has a large
practice here. He is a member OF
SO secret orders.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05

The Ashland fire showed ]. L. VII.
COX, editor OF the Ashland Bugle. how
many warm friends he had. Not only
did people who were behind in their
subscriptions come in and pay up. but
many paid for several years in ada
vance. There is also a movement
starting for editors who exchange with
Mr.. Wilcox to become paid subscribers
and to help him in other ways. His
paper Is, temporarily being published
in Columbus and viii not miss an
issue.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
A corner stone LaId a. N. 5. D.

Ex-Goy. Alexander NJ. DOckery, act
ing as grand master Of Masons in Mis-.
souri,, laid the cornerstone of the new
100000 agricultural building at the
University Of Missouri Besides Mr.
Dockery, Norman J. Coleman, DR.
Richard II. Jesse. B. 7. Galloway and
DR.. II. J. Waters made speeches
Beverly II. Bonfoy Of Unionville repre-.
sented the board Of curators of the
university. In the line Of march were
the university cadets. Masons, the
faculty OF agricultural college and the
agricultural students.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
NEW DISTRICTS AND
NEW RAILWAYS
WESTERN CANADA AFFORDS SET.
TER CONDITIONS THAN EVER
FOR SETTLEMENT.

-
To tho Editor 80 slr;-Doubtiess
many OF your readers will be plensed
TO have some word from the grain
hclds OF Western Canada. where such
a large number OF Americans have
made their home during the past few
years. il Is pleasing to be able 10 re-
port that generally the wheat yield
has been good; Il viii average about
20 bushels 20 the acre. There viii
be many cases where the yield win go
S5 bushels to the acre. and others
where go bushels TO the acre has
been recorded. The oat and barley
crop has been splendid. The prices
OF ali grains viii bring to the farmers
a magnificent return for their labors.
An instance has been brought TO my
notice Of a farmer In the Pincher
Greek (Southern Alberta) district
where winter wheat is grown-who
made a net profit Of S19.55 per acre, or
little less than the selling price Of his
land. 30, 40. and 80 bushel yields are
recorded there. The beauty about the
lands in Western Canada is that they
are 80 well adapted to gra~ln-raising,
while the luxuriant grasses that grow
everywhere in abundance make the
best possible feed for fattening cattle
or for those used for dairying pur.
poses.
The new homestead regulations
which went into force September, 1908.
attracted thousands Of new settlers. Il
Is now possible TO secure 100 acres in
addition to the 100 acres as a free
grant. by paying $500 an acre for Il.
Particulars as to how to do this and
as TO the railway rates can be Sc
cured from the Canadian Government
Agents.
'The development throughout West
ern Canada during the next ten years
win probably exceed that Of any other
country Ia the worlds history" Is not
the statement Of an optimistic Cana
dian from the banks OF the Saskatchs-
wan, but Of Mr. Leslie NJ. Shaw OF
New York, ex-SecretaTy OF the United
States Treasury under the late Presl-
dent Mckinley and President Roose.
welt, and considered one OF the ablest
~hnanciers OF the United States. "our
railway companies sold a good deal
OF their land az from three to nv dol
lars an acre, and now the owners are
selling the same land at from fifty to
seyenty-hye dollars, and buying more
up in Canada at from ten 20 fifteen.
The editor Of the Monticello lIowal
Express made a trip through Western
Canada last August. and was greatly
impressed. lie says; "One cannot
cross Western Canada TO the noun.
tains without being impressed with It's
immensely OF territory and IFS future
prospects. Where I expected 10 End
frontier villages there were substau.
TALLY built cities and towns with every
modern convenience. II was former
ly supposed that the climate was roo
severe for q to be thought OF as "a
agricultural country. but It's wheat
raising possibilities have been amply
tested. We drew from Ontario many
Of best farmers and most progress
siye citizens. Now the Americans are
omigrating In greater numbers 10
Western Canada. Se~ycnty-dye per
cent. Of the settlers In that good eoun.
try located southeast OF Moose Jaw
and Regina are Americans. Canada
is well pleased with them and Is ready
70 welcome thousands more.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
speetaenIar PhIIadeIphIa 10.

Philadelphia. PA spectacular
IRE that was marked by many thrill
ing incidents destroyed the lumber
yards OF II. A. a J. J.. Williams, In
the northwestern section OF the city
Monday night, entaillng a loss esu-
mated at $3.50. 900.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
lies a proseeutor's Hands.

Judge Smith Mcpherson In the fed.
eral court al Kansas City granted a 70.
straining order preventing Ewing
Cockrell. prosecuting attorney OF
Johnson county. from prosecuting
cases against the Missouri Pacific Rail.
road company TO enforce the maximum
freight rate law The application was
made by Frank Hagerman. Arguments
will be heard November 9.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
Various "sehooIs" Of Painters.

VARIOUS SCHOOLS" 0f FaiNLAies
The Munich Jugend has discovered
Eve signs by which 10 detect the
school to which q painter belongs;
Q) II he paints the sky gray aud the
grass black, he belongs TO the good
old classical school. go II be paints
the sky blue and the grass green he
IS a realist go II he paints the sk1
green and me grass blue, no Is an I'm
pressionlst (D II no paints the SKI
yellow and the grass purple, he n .
colorist 90 II be paints the sky
black and the grass red. he shows poe
session Of great decorative talent
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05

ST. Louis-Interstate Commerce
Commissioner Harlan Friday con-
cluded the hearing on the terminal
situation ia ST Louis and announced
that before coming to a decision the
commission would receive briefs on
the matter involved from any shipper
after which u would recommend what
ever changes may be necessary.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
5 in Bioelow.

The cash drawer IN the Bigelow
postomce was robbed OF sl2 the other
night The robbers also tried 10 make
a hole through the brick wall Of the
bank building near the safe. The noise
Of falling bricks awakened w. l..
Catron. who vas asleep In a room
next door. Catron shouted for help
aud the robbers fed.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
A MlssourI Ex.PoIItleIan I'D.

William y. Graham, Familiarity
known as Doc died at Excelsior
Springs recently. He had lived there
nearly three years, coming from Sc
dalia, where he was for 16 years bust,
ness manager for the Sedalia Dem.
ocrat. When his health failed he sold
out and came TO Excelsior Springs.
He was 80 years old and was widely
known throughout Missouri. He was
at one time sergeant-at-aTms Of The
Missouri legislature.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
slshop aIennen Goes to Rome.

St. Louls-Archbishop John J. Glen
non left St Louis at noon sunday for
New York. whence he will sail on
Tuesday for Rome. He expects 20 ar
rive there In time 10 take part In the
pope's jubilee on November is. The
archbishop viii return to AmerlcG
about January /.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
Wants New station Established.

Dean Howard Burton Shaw Of the
Department Of Engineering in the
University Of Missouri believes en-.
cheering experiment stations oner the
solution for the problems Of consery-
ing forests and other natural re.
sources. He thinks that a station
should be established az the university,
says the University Missourian. He
believes all problems Of utilizing what
is now waste could be solved In such
stations.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
Missouri saptists Meet.

The Missouri Baptist association
held a three-day session at Moberly.
Sedalia was selected at the next place
OF meeting. DIT. j. c. Armstrong.
editor Of the Central Baptist OF Mis-.
souri,, was elected secretary Of the
board Of home and foreign missions 10
succeed DR.. NJ. ]. Breaker, who died
recently.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1908-11-05
onIY EarnInas b be TaKed.

The attorney general has ruled that
Charles Barnes. state insurance com
missioner shall not tax fire Insurance
companies on the amount returned on
account OF cancellations. There has
been a tax OF 2 per cent in the past
The law says the tax shall apply on
gross premiums, but the attorney gem
eral rules that this means. according
to legal decisions, the amount earned
by the companies.