davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1908-05-03
Evolution Of Architecture.
Continued from page 6.

location for cosy home on a roomy ledge over
hung by beetling cliff, and conceived the idea
of providing side walls as we'll as a front wall.
Once the principle of the handmade wall was
thoroughly understood the next STEP to the utilza
tion of ready-made roof and wall, was easily
within the mental capacity and manual skill of
some bold Christopher Wren Of the Old Stone Age
The next vast stride-or leap-forward, came
with the discovery that the hand-built walls did
not need the eternal cliffs to lean against. When
the cliff men found that their walls would actually
stand alone, their emancipation from the hole
in the ground complete. From the three
walled house, with natural roof and rear wall,
|, built in recess in the frowning Cliff to the
four-walled house, detached and isolated and
standing upon it's own feet, as 1t were, may appear
to us to be natural easy and inevitable grada-
ton. To those who witnessed the first expert
ments, it must have appeared a wild and haz-
.ardous leap in the dark; and there were doubt
less many wise men and old women to predict
that the first high wind would scatter the unsup-
ported walls all over the landscape In some To-
calities, in the Mesa Verde men built entire
stone Cities anchored at the of the cliffs for
discoverable reason excepting the suppositious
that they did not know that their walls would
stand up anywhere else. At Tchrega, in the Paja
ritO region, are extensive ruins of many-roomed
buildings, built the pueblo model, at the bases
of the cliffs on the piles of debris that had crum-
'bed from above The necessity of an anchorage
to the cliff so firmly believed in that the un-
suitability of the ground, entailing vast amount
fof unnecessary work in preparing the foundations
was disregarded. When the cliff dwellers at last
made the discovery that their walls would really
stand alone, they were ready to leave the gloom of
the cliffs and live In the open. But by that time
the love of locality had been we'll developed, so
that their masonry structures were generally built
in the immediate neighborhood of their old cave
homes, which had doubtless sheltered their ances-
tors for many generations.
Naturally the first isolated, experimental stone
houses were small one-story buildings; but when
Los Angeles herald., 1908-05-03

Type B-"Excavated dwellings with closed
front These have the common characteristic OIL
a front wall either of the natural rock in STU, OF
of masonry . . This type displays great advance
over type A in constructive skill ...ln the varl-
GUS forms of Type a considerable variety OF con-
structive processes is displayed, viz, excaVatlon'
masonry pastering painting and carpentry:
Type C-Pueblo-like cliff dwellings, bullt OF
stone employing masonry plastering and carpen-
try, and exhibiting every feature OF independent
Pueblos but maintaining relation OF dependence
upon the cliffs.
ent of the cliffs, beginning as a small, isolated
building of a few rectangular rooms and develop
ing into the many stored, terraced communal
building.
II is believed that no other district in the world
nresents equal opportunities for the study OF the
successive stages of architectural development to
those existing in Pajarite Park thirty miles from
Santa Fe, and only short distance from Espanoia
and Buchanan station, ON the Denver ana ITO
Grande railroad. Here are the open front cnam-
bers shaped by the winds and enlarged by human
hands: the excavated dwellings with natural front
WALL the beginning of architecture represented py
the stone wall built to replace natural wall tnat
had fallen away; the Puebolike dwelling MAINTAIN
ing its dependent relation to the cl1H; the small
Pueblo on the mesas; and finally the great COM
munal structure of many stories. Nor need one
travel far to the aboriginal apartment mouse In
much of it's pristine glory, excepting as 10 the ma
terias used. The communal dwellings OF the Pu-
eblo Indians of Santa Clara San Ildefonso and san
Juan are built after the same fashion as were
those of Otowi and Tsankiwi but are only two
stories in height; while the employment OF adobe
instead of stone is illustrative OF the general
decadence of the glories of the Southwest Farther
away in Taos the most perfect existing specimen
of the highest type of aboriginal architecture-mud
built also it is true, but even at that no mean or
contemplate rival in external features OF the great
apartment houses of modern cities, When the re-
sources of the builders are taken into considera-
Los Angeles herald., 1908-05-03

these were found to be firm and enduring. some
thing like modern town-lot craze must have en-
sued on the mesa tops, as these were regarded as
the ideal building sites. 1t was not long, probably
until the construction of isolated dwellings of one
two or half dozen rooms was given up in favor
of the characteristic communal structure, with
hundreds of rooms ON the ground floor, built to
height of three, four five or six stories.
The order of development is set forth by Pro
fessor Edgar L. Hewett Director of the branch of
American Archaeology of the Archaeological In
stitute of America as follows (omitting numerous
subdivisions, which doubtless necessary for
scientific accuracy, but which are valueess for pur
poses of general information):
Type A.-Open-front dwellings, originally shaped
by wind erosion, but enlarged and further shaped
by excavation which was the only industrial proc
ess employed in their construction.
Los Angeles herald., 1908-05-03

dentias and that the porter from the station went
with her to explain the circumstances, no first
class hotel would give her shelter, and she had
to go to a house of lower grade, where she was
kept awake all night by the noisy, swearing crowd
of men in the barroom just across the thin parti-
tion There ought be law revoking the license
of hotel restaurant that refuses to receive
women on the same terms as men. still more
efficient measure would be for all self-respecting
women to refuse to- patronize even with mascu-
line accompaniment, any place that insults their
sex by such rule.
We talk about modern journalism as If 1T is
yery new thing, but the makeup" of The Neio
Ladies' Magazine" published in London in 1885,
Los Angeles herald., 1908-05-03

AS our cities become more and more European
lied women are treated with greater contempt
and Injustice. A hardship Of especial barbarity
is the refusal to give food or lodging to lady
unless she has gentleman attache. This means
that a young and experienced woman arriving
late in a strange city is liable to have to walk the
.streets all night or take refuge in some disrepu
table place or go to the station-house. On account
of this hotels especially for women have recently
sbeen opened but these inadequate and often
inconveniently situated. We know of girl
college graduate, who, account Of a delayed
train, arrived in New York City late at night
Notwithstanding the facts that she was manifestly
l.refined and respectable and had the best OF Gre
Los Angeles herald., 1908-05-03

We talk about
very new thing,
Ladies' Magazine
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1908-11-27
MISSIONARY RALLY.

The missionary Rally" or "Arous-
al" held in the Associate Reformed
church last Tuesday, under the aus
pices Of the Ladies' Aid society, was
an occasion Of great interest not only
to the representatives Of the various
Associate Reformed churches; but to
all other participants as well.
All Of the Associate Reformed
churches in York county, except one
We're represepted, ana there vas also
deiegation from C6eistsF: qGsid,gS. Fhe rep
Bethany-Mrs. ]. L. McGill, Miss
Ruth McGill and Miss Lula I4esslie.
Clover-Dr. and Mrs. r, NJ. Steven
son.
Hickory Grove-Mrs. j. L. Oates
Mrs. J. w. Castles.
Neely's Creek-Mrs. y. B. Williams,
and Miss Jennie Leslie.
Rock Hill-Mrs. w. w. Boyce, Mrs
Rosa Strait and Miss Madge PRESLEY.
Sharon-Mrs. c. l.. Kennedy, Miss
Mamie Scott. and Miss Kittie Mitch
ell, and Mr.. E. r. MalOney.
Smyrna-Mrs. ]. w. Quinn.
Tirzah--Mrs. Eliza Barron
Yorkville-The Ladies Aid Society.
Chester-Mrs. a. G. Brice and Mrs.
NJ. H. CASTOR.
Besides Inc ueleBdteS tncIe Mas aldO
present quite a fill congregation Of
Yorkville people.
Rev. K NJ. Stevenson, d. D., opened
the meeting with prayer and presided
during the exercises:
Following the calling OF the meeting
to order, Mrs. NJ. w. White delivered
an address Of welcome that was sin
gularly appropriate and well to the
point. She was followed by Miss ia
ME Love. missionary to Mexico, with
an interesting account Of her work in
the Mexican field, after which Mrs. R.
NJ Stevenson read an ably prepared
sketch on Home and Foreign Mission
ary Work" This was followed by
prayer by Rev. f. E. Gillespie, after
which Mrs. J. F. McElwee read a paper
on individual Responsibility" Next
Mrs S. A. Weber gave some Helpful
Hints" and Mrs. J. r, Lindsay, gave a
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1908-11-27
GENERAL SESSIONS.

Upon the reconvening Of the court
Tuesday afternoon, Hayes Sanders, the
negro who killed Claud Jeter, in Bull
locks Creek township in July last, was
allowed to plead guilty Of manslaugh-
ter, with the understanding that he was
to receive the extreme sentence pro-
vided by statute. He was sentenced
to thirty years.
Bud Adams, colored, was tried on
the charge Of assault and battery with
intent to kill, and was convicted of as
sault and battery Of an aggravated ma
ture; but up to this morning had not
been sentenced.
The case Of R. H. Cornwell, charged
with the murder of Ed Heath, colored,
was tried on Wednesday. The evi-
dence was to the effect that Heath
was employed at Mr.. COrnwelps gin.
He placed lantern at place where
lanterns had been prohibited, and Mr..
Cornwell reproved him for 1t. The
negro was impudent and came around
the press where Mr.. Cornwell was.
Mr.. Cornwell said he thought he had
knife in his hand, and struck him
with his own knife. 1t developed to
Mr.. Cornwell afterward that the ne
gro had no weapon and Mr.. Cornwell
did not strike again. The negro lin
gered for two weeks or more and died,
Mr.. Cornwelps testimony was not oon-
tradicted. The jury, without hesita-
ton, returned a verdict of not guilty.
On Monday afternoon the grand jury
instructed the solicitor to draw up bills
Of indictments against Rev, w. E, Hurt
and w. Thompson Jackson for assault
and battery of high and aggravated
nature, and against w. H, Windle for
assault and battery with intent to kill,
In the case of Rev. W, e, Hurt and
w. Thompson Jackson "no hill' was
returned. In the case Of w. H. Win
die true bill'' was returned.
The grand jury got through with its
work on Wednesday, and was dis
charged on the submission Of its final
report, which Is published elsewhere In
this issue. Only the body Of the report
was read ON Wednesday; but this
morning the subjoined committee re-
ports were also read,
Before the discharge of the grand
jury the following six grand Jurors
We're drawn to serve another year: j..
A. Barber w, E. Feemster, ]. ]. Jones,
s, A. Mitchell, ]. H. Sutton, S. M. Shil-
linglaw.
The adjournment WEDNESDAY a1ter-
noon was taken over to Friday morn
ing, on account of Thanksgiving.
Judge Hydrick and Solicitor Henry
went to their homes to spend Thanks
giving.
The first case taken up this morning.
was that of Arthur Wallace, colored,
charged with kidnapping. The jury re-
turned a verdict Of mot guilty"
Crawford Mitchell, tried ON the
charge Of assault and battery with in
tent to kill, was acquitted.
AT ] o'clock this afternoon, the court
took up the case Of Thomas Falls,
charged with riding a horse without
the consent Of the owner and was en-
gagged upon it when The Enquirer went
to press:
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1908-11-27
SOUTH CAROLINA NEWS.

The supreme court has confirmed
the order recently issued by Judge Hy-
drick refusing hail to w. T. Jones, the
Union man who Is charged with the
murder Of his wife.
- Charleston, November 23: Jim Gil
more, young negro about 20 years old
was taken from the guard house in
Luray, a small town in Hampton coun-
ty, this state, after midnight last night
and lynched by party Of enraged cit
izens. Gilmore had attempted to- crim-
inally assault one Of the daughters of
his employer, Mr.. A. G. Fits, highly
respected farmer, While the young lady
and her sister were asleep Saturday
night her screams aroused the fami-
j. and Gilmore fled. but was tracked
down and confessed, duplicating an
other negro, who has not been captur-
ed In Gilmore's hat was found the
picture Of a nude white woman,
- Columbia, November "a The SUI
preme court today decided the famous
merger suit of the state Of South Car
olina against the Southern railway.
The decision reverses the order of Cir
cult Judge Klugh and sends the case
back to the circuit court for trial. The
decision of Judge Klugh allowed the
attorney general to withdraw the COM
plants drawn by the late Attorney
Generals Gunter and Youmans under
direction of the legislature and sub
Stitute a new one. The suit was orig
inally brought by Mr.. Gunter to test
the validity Of the leases by the South
ern railway of the old South Carolina
and Georgia lines and other roads. 1t
was brought by reason of the suits
brought against the Southern railway
by private parties who wanted penal
ties provided in the constitution when
competing lines are bought up
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1908-11-27
THE DOPE FIENDS.

There are not as many dope fiends
in Yorkville now as there were year
or two back At one time there was
quite a large number Of them in the
town; but they have been thinning
out steadily and surely, until now
there are very few left.
BY dope fiends" are meant the peo-
pie who have contracted the cocaine
habit-mostly negroes. This form OF
dissipation was originally brought to
Yorkville by home negroes who had
become addicted to 1t in other towns,
and by stragglers who came for en-
ployment on public works.
The number Of fiends increased
steadily from very few to quite q
crowd, and included negroes of both
sexes. There were no laws against the
sale of the drug at that time and It
was easy to get. In the course OF time
the average dope fiend came TO be
known even to casual observers by his
chara cteristic listlessness, sleepiness and
the dazed Indifferent manner In which
he conducted himself generally. But
after a while with the enactment OF To-
cal and state laws prohibiting the sale
of cocaine there followed a noticeable
decrease in the number Of users OF
cocaine.
There are a few dope fiends in
Yorkville yet" said young man who
has been in a position to get informa-
ton on the subject, to the reporter Il
suppose l could name you dozen who
used to be here and who have gone
away because of the difficulty of get
ting dope. But there are still few
here ! do not know where they get
their dope from, but I think they get
it through the mail mostly. Only, q
few days ago heard one negro de-
cline to go down town with another be-
cause, he said he was looking for some
dope by the next mail, which was
about OPEN"
AS is pretty generally understood,
the effects of cocaine on its users 10
more destructive Of both body ana
mind than whisky. opium or morphine.
The stuff seems to deaden all physical
and moral sensibilities, and leaves its
victims more irresponsible even than
animals.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1908-11-27
ABOUT PEOPLE.

Miss Annie Jackson spent Thanks
giving with relatives in Glover.
Mr.. Paul G. McCorkle and son. OF
Chester, spent yesterday in Yorkville.
Miss Dot Montgomery spent Thanks
giving with Miss Essie Lindsay in
Gastonia.
Mrs. w. b. Moore and daughter, Miss
Marie, left Wednesday morning foI
New York city.
The Sharon congregation gave Rev
J. S. Grier a liberal Thanksgiving
pounding yesterday
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Neely Moore OF
Columbia, spent Thanksgiving in York
vile with relatives and friends.
Mr.. ]. L. Strain of Cherokee county,
was In Yorkville last Tuesday, and was
pleasantly greeted by many friends.
Misses SSallie and Matte Mcconnell
of McCOnnellsville, are spending q few
days in Yorkville with relatives and
friends this week,
Mr.. H. C. Strauss has returned
home from Asheville, and says that
Mr. Chas. w. Smith Is improving stead
lily and hopes to spend Christmas with
Yorkville friends and relatives.
An operation was performed on Mr.
W. NJ. Faulkner at his home at Kings
Creek yesterday for an abscess on his
back. The operation was quite Sc
rious one and Mr.. Faulkners family
and friends are very much concerned
as to the outcome.
Prof. J. D. Huggins, formerly of
Bethany, now principal Of the Boiling
Springs High school at Shelby, n. c.,
was stricken with appendicitis few
days ago and submitted to an opera
tion at Rutherford on Wednesday. AS
far as Is known, the operation was sue
cessful; but relatives and friends are
very apprehenSive about the possible
outcome, especially on account Of Mr..
Hugginss rather frail constitution
Mr. Erskine Adkins, brother-in-law
Of Mr. Higgins went to Rutherford
yesterday.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. T. Radcliffe, Jr., of
Charleston, arrived in Yorkville We'd
nesday evening having been summoned
because of the critical illness of Mr.:
G. T. Radcliffe, Sr. Mr.. Radcliffe has
been very i'll during the greater part
Of the present year. He has been able
to devote a few weeks to his business
as travelling salesman since last De-
cember, but for the greater part OF the
time has been confined to his home.
He has been in bed for more than a
month past. On Monday there came
a change that seemed to denote the
end. This has been followed by tenn
porary rallies; hut there seems no hope
that he can survive longer than a few
more days at most:
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1908-11-27
AROUND ABOUT OGDEN.
Marriage of mf. A: 2. Williamson and and
Miss Decca lawrspes-The Farmers
and the erops-PersonaI Mention,
Corresnondence OF the Yorkville Enquirer.

Miss Decca Lawrepes-The Farmers
and the crops-Personal Mention.
Correspondence Of the Yorkville Enquirer.
Ogden. EQyember 25.-Mr Neal VII:
hanson and his sister, Miss Mary, lef'
Tuesday morning TO be present on
Wednesday at the marriage OF thell
brother Mr. A. R. Williamson, to Miss
Deeca Lawrence at the brides nome IN
PinewoOd, this state On account OF q
recent bereavement in the family OF
the groom only a few near relatives
and friends OF the young couple were
to be present at the marriage, the GER
emony being a very quiet, informal af-
fair. Mr. Williamson is the son or Mr.
and Mrs. j. L. Williamson OF this
neighborhood and is young man OF
sterling worth and character. He was
admitted to the bar for the practice OF
law in Augusta, Ga, something over
year ago. and is there rapidly making
his mark among the legal profession
The bride is one Of Pinewoods fairest
daughters. Mr.. and Mrs. Williamson
will make their home in Augusta.
The farmers are busy gathering the
remnant of the cotton crop and hauling
the last bales to the gins: Some nave
already finished and with a few more
days Of nice weather the crop OF 1905
will be gathered in this section Of the
county. with the exception Of a few
who never get through until after
Christmas. The work of sowing small
grain has been greatly interfered with
on account of so much rain, but the
farmers are taking advantage Of every
moment that the land is dry enough to
plow, and if there is any chance at all
to get the seed in the ground there will
be a very good acreage sowed In this
section. Those who Sowed before the
wet weather set in got fine stands and
the young plants are getting we'll root
ed and will stand the hard freezes bet
ter than the late sowing.
Bethesda council Jr. q. L. "A. M. VIII
hold their annual oyster supper and So
cial meeting this "wednesday after
noon in the Junior hall at this place.
The members have been preparing for
the occasion for sometime and the af-
fair promises to be one Of much pleas
ure to all who attend.
As was noted in this correspondence
several weeks ago, Mr.. S. E. McFadden
will move with his family to Green
vile, Texas, this fall. He is trying to
arrange his business affairs so as to
be ready to leave by December 18th.
Mrs Bea Kinard of Newberry, spent
a week recently at this place with her
brother Mr. S. f. McFadden, and her
sister, Mrs. Lula Caldwell and other
relatives.
Mr. a. P. Domipey, who has been
very low with pneumonia, is reported
much better.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1908-11-27
LOCAL AFFAIRS
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.

NJ. B. Love, Yorkville No. 5-Has pure
bred Buff Orpington cockerels and
pullets for sale.
S. A. Glenn & Co.-Requests parties in
debted to the late firm of Glenn e.
Riddle to make settlement at once.
r. NJ. Bratton and Williamson Bros
Give notice that after this week their
ginneries will be run Thursdays and
Fridays only.
] L. Williams & CO.-Want you to see
them for shoes, dress goods, cloth
ing, etc.
NJ. W. White-Says he has never failed
to get money to satisfy the demands
of his clients in completing deals.
Star Drug Store-Calls attention To
Uva-Sol, the new blood preparation
and makes an Introductory offer.
Loan and Savings Bank-lnVites you
to open an account with 1t. 1t nan
dies all legitimate banking business
J. Edgar Poag, Broker-Tells you to
watch his advertisements for York
county offerings.
York Drug Store-Can supply you with
all kinds Of toilet articles, soaps, etc
City Meat Market-Will have fish and
oysters tomorrow-Saturday.
Strauss Smith Co-Continues its clos
ing out sale and offers new bargains
from day to day.
First National Bank-Explains why 1t
buys space to advertise its business
to tell you of its advantages.
Thomson Co.-Gives additional prices
for it's Mill and Factory Syndicate
sale, which still continues.
J. C. Wilborn-Offers two especially
attractive tracts Of land in EbeneZer
township.