The Washington herald., 1908-05-31

In the manufacture Of cotton goods Ger
many holds third place. being exceeded
by the United Kingdom and the United
States. In the exports OF cotton goods
Germany IS exceeded by the United King
dom. Raw cotton is the largest single i'm
port OF Germany, and manufactured cot
ton the largest export. In 1907 the imports
OF raw cotton amounted TO 9S3. .93S, ,16S
pounds, valued at $ll3. .39l $50. and the ex-
ports Of cotton manufactures amounted
TO 1885, 167 pounds, valued at SS7. .OO2 1876
The average value OF the cotton imported
was 12.i4 cents per pound. and the aver
age value OF the manufactured product
was 1884 cents per pound.
w. A. Graham. special agent Of the
State Department, writing from Bremen.
has the following TO say about cotton
manufacture in the Fatherland:
Cotton manufacturing is an old industry
In Germany, and before the introduction
OF machinery there were well-known cen
ters OF weaving, knitting. braiding. lace
making &c. in Saxony and on the Rhine
The German people were slow to avail
themselves OF the introduction OF modern
machinery, so that many local hand in
dustries were stihed by the food Of ma
chine-made goods from other countries,
and for long time Germany obtained
the bulk OF its cotton goods abroad. main
ly from England.
The unifcatiOn OF the German Empire
in 1870 awakened the national spirit. and.
encouraged by. a firm central government.
there began an agitation for the manu-
facture of cotton goods at home. The
l.500,00o spindies taken over with Alsace-
Lorraine put the German industry ahead
Of the French. and this lead was further
wideneG by the Increased momentum in
the cotton manufacturing industry about
1879. Since then there has been no very
remarkable spurts, but gradual and
steady growth.
Increased Production by States.
The rate OF growth in the different sec
tions has not been the same. Saxony is
the leading German state in cotton manu-
featuring. and has nearly trebled its spin
dies in the last twenty years. but its in
crease has been even greater IN special
lines Ike those Of knitting and embroid-
erlng. The state that has shown the most
remarkable progress is Westphalia. on
Jhe Rhine, which had nearly seven times
as many spindles in 1907 as IL had in 1851
That part OF Hanover near the cotton
center in Northern Westphalia shows
large comparative increase. and so does
Wurttemberg. both OF these having more
than doubled their number Of spindles
Bavaria and the Rhine province also show
substantial increases; Alsace a very slight
Increase. The Alsatian mills. however.
have advanced further than the others in
the direction Of fine goods which can be
seen from the fact that while they have
increased IN spindleage 10 per cent. there
has been a 4 per cent decrease in their
consumption Of cotton.
Chief Centers of Manufacture.
German cotton manufacturing is more
scattered than the English. Swiss. Italian.
OF East Indian. but there are three we'll
defined centers-the Saxon, the Alsatian.
and the Westphalian. viz:
The first section lies north Of the
mountains OF Northern Bohemia, and
consists of the Kingdom of Saxony and
the Upper Franconia Province Of Bavaria.
In regard 10 general cotton manufactur-
ing. including not only spinning and
weaving, but knitting. embroidering. lace
cotton-waste manufacture. arti-
fetal flowers, &c, IL Is the most important
section Of Germany. IL contains some
100000 spindles, and its most important
towns are Hof. Balreutn, and Bamberg.
in Upper Franconia. and Chemnitz, Nit
tweida. Plauen Plaue Werdau, Grim
Zittau. and ZwickaU, In Sax
ony.
The second section lies in the extreme
southwest corner Of Germany. between
the cotton manufacturing districts Of
East France, Switzerland. and the Aus
trian NOTarlberg. and contains some 4.O00-
$50 spindles. unequally distributed between
Alsace. Baden. Wurttemberg and Bava-
rian Swabia. The main cotton manufac-
turing towns are Mulhausen. Gebweiler.
and Logelbach, in Alsace; Augsburg and
Kempten. in Bavaria: Unterhausen. in
Wurttemberg. and Lorrach. in Baden.
The third section lies in the northwest
corners Of the Prussian Rhine and West
phalian provinces and has 2,500,Oe0 spin
dies. The main centers are Gronau.
Rheine, Bocholt, and Epe, in Westphalia,
and Rheydt. Muchen-G -Gladbach, and Mul-
iort, IN the Rnlne province.
There are in Germany twenty-one towns
having more than 10000 spindles each.
and these twenty-One towns united have
more than half the spindles in Germany.
Leading Mill Towns.
Mulhausen, in Alsace. is the most i'm
portant town in Germany as regards
spindles and looms. Nowhere in Germany
is the cotton industry better organized
than at mulhausen. and this place has be-
come noted for its fine muslins and print
goods. One Of the main products OF this
place is fine cotton print known locally
as 1925 print. but which we would caii
a A-26 print-that is. with a warp and 26
filing ends per one-Quarter inch. These
are made 81 70 30 inches wide, and some
Of them are exported to the United States.
Having a large local trade. Mulhausen
Is not a great export center. though Il
ships some fine bleached goods and fine
prints to the neighboring sections OF
France and supplies muslins for ST. Gall
ambroiderers. Mills are scattered through
)ut the country around Mulhausen. These
mills do not build the ugly tenements as
seen everywhere In Saxony but house
their help in cottages containing each one
DR. two families The operatives enjoy
more privacy and have more real home
ife than is seen in most textile sections
)f Germany. Frequently only one OF two
of the family work in the mill. while the
others tend a farm. Besides Mulhausen. !
he other two large textile eenters OF Al |
SAGE are Gebweiler and Logelbach. though |
here are score or more of smaller !
owns OF more or less Importance eIus-
ered In this vicinity.
Next TO Mulhausen. the largest cotton |
mill TOWN ie AupSharer IN fha ,,~Cx-f,ca 90 /