davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

We all make mistakes, mourns the
Nashville American. The only diff
ference is that some of us get paid.
handsomely for doing so and Others
get fined or trounced.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

Consul William C. Teichman sends
from Eibenstock the translation of a
decision of the Supreme Court of Ger
many which prohibits the use in that
empire of the title American dentists"
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

Lamar Jackson, full-blooded Choc-
taw Indian, Of Atoka, Okla, has been
appointed to a cadetship in the United
States Military Academy at West Point,
by Congressman Charles d. Carter, Of
Oklahoma.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

Marriage at an early age is frequent
in Mexico. Recently boy of sixteen
and girl of fourteen were married in
the capital. In the last two months
there were thirty-three persons from
twelve to twenty years married in that
city.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

Alabama's new prohibitory law
drives rs Augusta liquor firms out of
business. A few of the largest have
completed their arrangements for re-
moving to cities in other states. The
Augusta Chronicle advises the other
liquor men not to follow the example.
There are many openings for them
right here" it says, Gin other avoca-
lions that require not less nor more
business ability than many of the IL
quor dealers have shown. Not only
will Augusta not want to see any 60
but all those that remain will be well
coined in other businesses and made
to feel that they are desirable citi-
zens."
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

You can't always tell an epicurs
by his actions. announces the Nov
York Times. Many man criticises sie
terrapin at banquet who lives On
bacon and hominy at home.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

The most valuable opal in the world
is to be seen in the imperial cabinet
at Vienna. Another, worn by the EN-
press Josephine, known as the Burn
ing of Troy" which only is only lit
tie less magnificent is in the posses
sion of the Warehouses of Butte.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

A man who was crazed in youth be-
cause his sweetheart Tilted him is re-
gaining his reason at the age of 75.
He would have got over it much mere
quickly, sneers the New York Eagle,
if she had married him.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

The modern appears to have achieved
soap, bath tubs, a general understand
ing of sanitary science and a high ap-
probation of comfort, but in the pur-
suit of the means to sustain luxury,
confesses the Detroit News, we exhaust
too much of our vitality, so the penal
ties of luxury fall upon us with deadly
effect. The simple life has its priva-
tons and also its compensations.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

A common delusion of those In 9TH
sr occupations is that they will retire
to the farm in their later years and
be happy ever after. The editor of
the American Cultivator thinks so
himself, although in his frankest mo-
ments he knows better. Farming is
business for young, active men. A
small convenient country home is all
right for elderly people, but from a
large farm with its exacting business
requirements, good friends deliver
them!
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13


ing of Troy" which only is only lit
tie less magnificent is in the posses
sion of the Marchioness of Butte.
The ancient crypt beneath st. Peters
church, Shaftesbury, England, is used
for a beer and wine cellar, but not with
the convent of the church, which is
now trying to buy the lease that has
been held by the present owners since
the dissolution of the monasteries-
Marengo, the famous war charger Of
Napoleon. is said to have been the
greatest horse known in modern his
tory. The Emperor rode Marengo
for the last time in the battle Of
Mount St. Jean, where the horse re-
ceived his seventh wound. The steed
died at the age of thirty-six- 81
A remarkable burglar proof safe has
been placed in bank in England At
night the safe is lowered by cables
into an impregnable metallic lined SUBJ
vault of masonry and concrete. After
reaching the bottom 1t Is fastened
down by massive steel Jugs, operated
by a triple time lock. Until these Tugs
are released automatically at a desired
time no human agency can raise the
safe, and to break in through a mass
Of stone and concrete which measures
ten feet by ten feet by sixteen feet
with dynamite would wreck the build
ing without making it possible to get
at the safe.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1908-03-13

The Dairymen's association of Col
umbus, Ohio, prays congress for Legs
lation to promote the dairy division in
the Department of Agriculture to a
bureau. A kindly but too feeble prop
osition. The American COW is worthy
of a department of her own, insists
the New York Sun.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

At the meeting of the State Teach
ers' Association, In May, a thirty
minute contest will be held and
twenty questions will be asked, the
answers to all Of which will be found
in ''Ferguson's Lessons In Land
Numbers, a valuable little PAM
phlet advertised elsewhere in this
paper.
Mr.. Thos. N. Ferguson, the author
Of the pamphlet mentioned, to make
the contest interesting. has offered
500 worth Of prizes to successful
competitors, the most valuable be-
ing a 500 New Columbia" Type
writer.
Read our advertisement with ref
erence to ''Ferguson's Lessons i'm
Land Numbers, get a copy thereof
and become a competitor for n OF
the prizes offered. The knowledge
obtained through a study of this
little book will be worth far more to
you than all the prizes combined,
should you fail to win any one of
them.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
Notice to Contractors!

Bids will be received at the Feb
ruary, 1908, meeting of the Board OF
Supervisors for opening up and
working the west end of new road
west of J. w. McArthur's residence,
in District 4; also, for working new
ellis road, new road from Lloyd
Grove.Church, and snew road from
Frank Johnson's to Sicooba and
Louisville road; all in District 4,
Kemper County, Mississippi.
The Board reserves the right tc
reject any and all bids.
BY order of the Board. This, jan
uary 10th, 1908.
SAM o. BELL, Clerk.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
Notice of Electioni

Notice is hereby given that an
election for member of the Board
of Aldermen of the Town of Scooba,
to fill the vacancy caused by the re-
moval from the town of Oliver East
land, will be held on Tuesday, the
4th day of February, 1908.
d.. +. Carr. j. f. Tinsley and w.
r. Stewart are appointed as Com
missioners to hold the said election,
with r. w. Hare as Returning Off
GER.
BY order of the Mayor and Board
of Aldermen.
f. ]. IRBY, Mayor.
A. w. S~TRUTHERS, Clerk.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
To Subscribers In the Western
Part Of the County.

The Eiitor of the KRMpxR HERALD
has arranged with Osp ain q. B. Tinsley
to receive and receipt for amounts due
this Office, for subscription or otherwise,
by parties living in the western part o.
the county.
So il you owe Us, and meet up with
Captain Tinsley in your or his reregri>
n~atione. just hand him the dough
and he will see that we get it.
Captain Tinsley lie also authorized to
receive and receipt Tor ley subs,rir
lions % TIE HERALD.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
Rank FOOlishness.

"When attacked by a cough or scold
or when y ur throat is sore, it is rank
foolishnees to taxe any other medicine
than DR.. Kings New D %scovs.y," say.
G. o. Eldridge. of Empire, Ga. Il have
used Nav Discovery sever years nj d !
know it 10 the best remedy on earth for
C oughs a.d coids, cronp, and all throa,
and luag troubles. My children are
any ject to Group. but NV Discovery
quickly cures every attack" Known
The world over az the K'ng of throat
and lung remedies. ,id under Yuar-
,ntee at all drug stores. SOC and S1.OO.
Trial bottle free.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
Do You Like to Read?

If you do. here are a few combina-
ttions that should strike you favora-
blv for the year 1908:
Review of Reviews, Sunset Maya
zine, Cosmopolitan TOR Success
Magazine, and the KEMPER HER
AID, for one year for $500.
Add 40 cents (making the amount
$A.4O) and we can send send you the
four publications mentioned and in
addition the Memphis Weekly Com
mercial- Appeal, the American Fai-
mer IN first-class agricultural paper
and .Ferguson's Lessons in Land
Numbers" a valuable little hand
book to those interested in land.
!, These offers are made to new SUBJ
scribers to the KEMPER HERALD,
or to old ones who pay up and re-
new for the current year.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
Department of the Interior,
Land Office at Jackson, Miss.

- January 10Th, l9OS. 2
Notice is hereby given that Hen
derson Dozier, of Scooba. Mississ-
ippi, has filed notice of his intention
to make final five year proof in sup
port of his claim, viz: Homestead
Entry No. 36l85, made November
18th, 1900, for the +. 1-2 of S. e. IA,
Sec. ID, Twp. ii NJ, II. II E., Choc-
taw Meridian, and that said proof
will be made before the Chancery
Clerk, Kemper County, at DeKalb,
Mississippi, on March 3rd, 1908.
He names the following witnesses
to prove his continuous residence
upon, and cultivation of, the land,
viz: Eli Wemley, Henry Callahan,
Tom Dozier and Sam Dozier, all of
Scooba, Mississippi.
l.. @. G. LAMAR. Register.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

Ezra Hampton, sent to the pen fol
ten years for assisting In the murdel
of Henry Welsh; Terrell Crawford,
sent to the pen for life for the muir
der of Henry Underwood; Jimmie
Scott, sent to the pen for five wears
for the murder of Tommie Scott.
we're all pardOned by Gov, Varda-
man just before his term of office
expired. All of these criminals are
negroes. and should have received
their full sentences Except, per-
haps, Terrell Crawford) in our opin-
ion. None of them had served but
a small portion of their sentences.<-
Southern Star.
Brother Gewin is right. The par
doning power is used entirely too
freely at the close of most guberna,
torial administrations, but much 81
the blame for the miscarriage of
Justice lies at the doors of the men
who sign the petitions for pardon.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
.TGtN mi COUNTY.
MI. w. H. Stuart made a business
trip to Cooksville, Saturday.

Mr.. w. H. Stuart made a business
trip to Cooksville, Saturday.
Mr.. j.. Scott came up from Mer-
tdian and spent the Sabbath with
his family.
Don't forget the local election fol-
- member Of the Board of Aldermen
next Tuesday.
Miss Marie Deaton. who has been
visiting her family here, returned
to Memphis Monday.
The Board of Supt rvisors will
hold regular monthly meeting in
DeKalb next Monday.
Miss DOME Clifford is now the eff
cient and popular "hello girl at the
Scooba telephone exchange.
A. A. Hammack has Collins, Cas-
kets, and . general supply of Under-
takers Goods. ut lowest prices.
Mr.. C. F. Holmes and family have
moved into the house vacated last
week by the family OF Mr.. H. H.
Moore.
Don't fail to hear the italian
Boys musical prodigies, at tn e
Scooba Academy. Thursday night,
February 9Th.
The number Of beef cattle shipped
from this point each year would in
dictate that rs q cattle raising Sec
ton this Is far from a failure.
We regret to note that both Mrs.
II. A. Deaton and Mrs. Walter Dea-
ton have been on the sick list this
week. though nothing serious.
We regret to note that Mrs. Robert
C 'leman has been quite i'll the past
week. but are pleased to learn that
she is much better at this writing.
Co. Supt. OF Education Dow w.
Jackson has authorized the state
naent that the free school term in
Kemper County viii be only five
months long.
We are rsqssstsd to state that
Communion Service will be held in
Knox Presbyterian Church, Scooba,
ut the morning service on the first
Sabbath in February.
WANTED: Men to advertise ard dis
tribute cur sample Mail Order Mer
chandiss C~Ataloeuss. sSl per month
Address: UNITY SUPPLY Co,
1885, Dept. p, Chicago, Ill.
! Ths Hon. w. Med. Moore, J. p,
started in last Monday to establish
n reputation rs "a terror to evil
!, doers". We trust that the good
brother will keep the ball a-roll-
ing''.
We are sorry to learn of the illness
of Master Aubrey, oldest son Of Mr..
and Mrs. A. A, Hammack and one
of the brightest and manifest little
chaps of our acquaintance. We
trust the boy will not have = bad
time of 1t.
DentistJ. f. Tinsley left last even
ing for a weeks sOjourn in South
west Beat, this county. We under
stand this IL n business trip, and az
that portion of Kemper is Docs old
stamping grouQd. he ought to find
plenty to do.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
i, Special Rates for Mardi Oras.

Pm On account Of Mardi Gras, Mobile.
New Orleans, La, and Pensa-
Fla, the Mobile & Ohio Rail-
$Ioad Will sell tickets to points named
exbove at one fare plus % cents for
the round trip.
!; Tickets on sale February 26th,
9th. 18th and 18th and March LIST
Rnd End; also, trains scheduled to
arrive in cities named above before
noon of March 3rd.
JNO. F. HOWELL,
Local Agent, Scooba, Miss.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
/, Mr.. H. L. Mcconnell and Miss Sa-
die Ray Parnell were united in mar
riage Sunday evening (January rs,
1909 att O'Clock by the Rev. J. q.
Johnson, at the residence of the
brides father, Mr.. Will II. Parnell.
- Immediately after the ceremony
the happy couple left for the home
of Mr.. NcConnell's father, where
they expect to remain for a few days
or until the house is completed
which they expect to occupy.
The groom is a stirring, energetic
young farmer. He has lived among
us for the past two wears. and has
made many friends in and around
Scooba.
The bride is the beautiful daugh-
ter of Mr.. Will Parnell, and pos
sesses many excellent traits of char
acter, which render her extremely
popular with all who know her.
Our congratulations and best
wishes go with the happy couple, as
they launch their little boat on the
sea of life. -
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
emembered

Our thankssare rendered the fol-
sstaof-town subscribers for
remittancaal made by mail within
the past week:
r.. NJ. Lamon, P%orterville, 81.
Robert Aust, Evansville, $l.3o.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

Mr.. e. E. Chamberlain, of Clinton.
Maine. says Of Eucklen's Arnica Salve.
ts.It does the b i~sinees; I ha w nsed it foI
I . l and |, cured them. Used II 70,
hspped fands and it cured them.
Applied it u an old sore and it healer
is without iseving q scar behind" 25c
It all drug tSbres.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
OUR GIN
Will Run on Thursday and Friday;
Feb. 6 and 7, 1908.
SCooBA GIN & MFG. Co.,

Ebert Poland, Entertainer, who
will be at the Scooba Academy on
Thursday night. February 9Th, is r =
puted to be one Of the finest elOcu-
tionists b, fore the American public.
His part of the entertainment Is
worth more than the price of all. <
Miss Berta Rosenbaum, who has
been the guest of Miss Annette Hop
per for the past week, returned to
her home in Dekalb Monday. Miss
Hopper accompanied her. and will
spend week or more with relatives
and friends at her old home.
Hon. II. f. Wilbourn, of Meridian.
is spending a day or two with his
mothers family. .
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
Strayed or Stolen.

is From my premises, three miles
aea@t of Wahalak, three or four
weeks ago, a chunky, sorrel horse
mule, about five years old. Suita-
bic, reward will be paid for informa-
Ftion leading to recovery of same.
f. A. WARD,
Wahalak, Miss.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30


The following self-explanatory
card was received last week by the
editor of THE HERALD:
Nr. and Mrs. II. G. Giles
announce the marriage of their sister
Lucille O'Brien
to
Benjamin Franklin Neal
on the evening of Sunday, January
the Nineteenth, Nineteen
Hundred and Eight.
Columbus, Mississippi.
Mrs. Neal is the Younger daughter
of the late John O'Brien, of Waha-
lax. and is one of the most popular
young ladies of the section in which
she was born and reared. She is Of
v~ivacious temperam e mt, possesses
an amiable disposition, and is rs
fair in face and figure as in mental
and moral characteristics. The for
tunate groom is the popular and eff
cient young ". & o. station agent at
Wahalak.
A host of friends here and else
where will join us in wishing this
happy young couple an abundance
of all good things.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
AT THE
Academy
On the night of
Thursday, Feb. 9Th,
THE
II
BOYS
AND
Ebert Poland
(RNTERTAINER)

The italian Boys give an instru-
mental musical entertainment, the
Instrumentation being Solo Violin,
Second Violin, Flute, Clarinet and
Harp. There are five of the boys,
and each one is q master. of his in.
strument.
Mr.. Ebert Poland has a National
reputation rs an elocutionist, both
in rendition of the humorous and
the pathetic. w
This promises to be, by far. the
best entertainment of the course,
and none should fail to attend.
Tickets on sale at J. X. Sharp's
drug store.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

~ = -
when 1t comes to catching chickens
at night. in his own hen-h use,
Capt. ID. Ferrel Carr is not a sue
cess; but when it comes to catching
chickens at night, in some other feI.
lows hen-house-well, John and the
Captain are mighty thick and fire
quently drink out of the same bot
tie, so you can't expect n to @y
much about the other in a matterof
that kind. But both love chicken.
During the wet weather, and incl
dent thereto. there is much COM
plant on the part of u country
friends, as well as residents, as to
the condition of the streets of ScoO-
ba. AS evidence that this town is
not 1.-THE only pebble on the beach,
we quote the following paragraph
from the Macon Beacon: Some bf
the country people say that the
worst roads in the county are the
streets of Macon"
Mr.. John Moseley spent Saturday
and Sunday in Meridian, being
called there through the death of
his brother-in-law, Capt. W.. A..
Brown, president of the Citizens
National Bank, which occurred Fri
day morning. Deceased was'one of
Merchants leading Hisiaeps, and was
well and favorably known, through
out Kemper. The bereaved family
and friends have the sympattysef
sii. sa@'s
Wonfod Local representative
w dlIlCU for Scooba and vicip-
ity to look after renewals and Ia
crease subscription list of a prdaRi-
nent monthly magazine, on a salary
and commission basis. Experience
desirable, but not necessary. Go6N
opportunity for right person. Ads
dress Publisher, Box SO, Station OK
New York.
At Mr.. John l.. Robison's stable.
Scooba, ear now be seen as finesea
lot of horses and mules as has ever
been brought to this section. He
has some elegant match teams, and
some good mares in the bunch, and
if you want anything in that line
you will do we'll to drop in and see
tha,, n g aorly nc rocc;b1o
We regret to learn of the illness
of our sweet little friend Sara Dan
iel, daughter of Mr.. Watt Daniel.
This dear child has had to be treat-s
ed in a Mobile sanitarium, and we
understand has stood the operations
performed very we'll. We hope and
pray that everything will be well
with her.
There was no service in the Bap7'
fist Church, Sunday morning. owing
to the Rev. Mr.. Thompson being de-
tanned at Shuqualak to conduct the
burial service of u member of the
church there. Services were held
in the church here at 3 and I p. M,
~
good congregations being present.
Mr.. doc" Stewart wants the far
mers and others to know that he
has a fine lot of horses and mules
at his stable in Scooba; some match.
teams in the lot. Also, q few fine
mares. Come and see the bunch
before the best ones are picked out.
He can suit you.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

The Misses Adams entertained the
Saturday Afternoon Club, January
35th, in a most delightful manner.
Nheir lovely home had an air of elo-
quence and comfort.
"Forty-two" was tn e game in
dulged in, Mesdames Howell and
Carr being the fortunate ones. Miss
Adams kept score.
A delicious fruit salad with cham
payne waters was served.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

q Magistrate Robert L.. Thomas will
hold his Court in the same Office,
but on the first, and third SATURDAYS
in each month.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

!, Mrs. J. b. Mooney will be hostess
Of the Club January 31st, at 8 p. IN.
EAll ladies requested to bring their
husbands; those that haven't any,
bring u brother or sweetheart.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
When Court VIII Sit.

w. Med. Moore. one Of the new
Magistrates for this (Northeast)
Beat will hold Court on the second
|and fourth Mondays In each month,
dn the room formerly used by Mag
NJ. Kearnev-adjoining Capt.
IGuy Jacks store.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

ScoobasJ.edxe No. 2.7s7. X. and l.. Of II.
msets the fir&t and third Fridays in eacf
month Mt 7 o'elock p. m.
j. w GARTER. Protector.
A. W. ArRUrHERs. Secretary.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

Scoeha damp No. "a, w. @. w, meets the
lst and 3rd Tuesday nights in each month
at 7 O'Clock. Oh. 90.
]. W. CARtER. Clerk.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

Rcooba Lodge No. !. ass. X. of H.. meets tn q
ist And srd Tuesday nights of each month
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
The Kemper Herald
rstTHE CHURCHES S.

PRzsB YTERIAE-6ervices on lsttanS Bird
Sundays In . ,ch month mt II d. IA. and Z
o.. m. J.G. Johnson, Pastor.
Sal bath Rchool at $50 D.. M: 8. T. Watts,
Superintendent.
MET HoDIsT-Services on end Sunday In
each month At II n. m. and 7 p. IN. Jno.HW.
Runs
sabbath School mt o:SO u. m.; b. r. Kuyk.
endali. superintendent.
BAPTI ST Services on 9Th Sunday in each
month Mt II u. M. and 7 p. M. w. H. Thomp-
son, Pas
Sabbati School at $50 a. M. w. ]. Par
ker, superintendent.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30

scooba r sdge No. lSs. X. OF p. meee9 th
ist md 2nd Monday nights in eacIf month,
at 7 O'CLOCK. o. EAsTLAND, c. q.
MAX RA,rH.:K.N ~ Il. and q.
The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1908-01-30
Secret and Eraternal.

jefferson Lodge No. IA6. A.. r. & A.. NJ.
meets Thursday. on or before the first full
moon In ouch month. Mt 10 o'clock q. n.
A. 4. HANBACK,, secret5Ixk
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-07-26
THE HAGER THEATRES NEW
POLICY.

The Hager Theatre which has
been playing stock for the past five
weeks will change its policy com
mencing next Monday. Manager Ha-
ger announces that he will present
the latest moving pictures and il
lustrated songs Moving pictures
have become the favorite amuse-
ment and Manager Hager has con-
cluded to follow suit of many other
theatres throughout the country, he
being the exclusive member of the
international Film Service Associa-
ton for Astoria and Clatsop county.
Manager Hager will show pictures
which no one else can get until
after they have been shown at The
Hager Theatre, as they will be ship
ped direct from the manufacturers to
him, which will enable him to show
them before anyone else in the city.
There will be matinee every day at
2:30, and from 7;30 to 1920 o'clock.
Any seat in the house will be 10c,
at which price the house should be
filled at all times.