davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Therefore, he should seek at once the
safe side and take no risks of loss
through any chimerical thirst for re-
venge for short-sighted surrender to
the passion of moment; and be-
yond >all, he should not forfeit the
benefits that will accrue from Repub-
llcan Success by yielding to a tempta-
ton to vote for the Democracy for a
consideration that means only tenn
porary gain.
I1e.
This is the Advocates last word.
This is our : government-the only
land we can call our own. If it is not
ideal, We can help to make 1T SO by
honest, conscientious use Of our suf-
frage and our moral influence. AS
directors of this great corporation,
we are asked to name a head for the
next four years. Do we want offici-
ais who will administer our trust as
we would have it administered? Do
we want the balances on the right
side of the ledger when they shall
have served their term? Do we want
officials who will recognize us as CO.
partners in the business we hold in
common?
If so, we will go to the polls as one
man, Tuesday next, and cast our bal
lots for William Howard Taft for
President, w. e .Glasscock for. Gov
ernor, send a solid Republican dele
cation to Congress and return a Re
publican majority to the West Vir-
GINA Legislature and crush jim
crowism and disfranehisement and
industrial depression beneath the
heel of a sovereign peoples righteous
Indignation.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

If J. Milton Waldron remains ST.
lent about his alleged League" of
which we hear nothing since the &C
ton of the West Virginia and Geor-
gia Democrats against the race, he
may gave his bacon" as pastor of
the really progressive Shiloh Baptist
church in Washington but Rev. s.
l.. Corrothers, who has been convict
cd Of lying on Judge Taft, ought to
he made to resign and go to the
woods. The Christian ministry is
having hard enough row to hoe
without being handicapped with
such weights as Corrothers. Corro-
theirs will be remembered as the man
who made sensational canvass for
the Bishopric at the hands Of the A..
NJ E. Zion Church and was turned
down, receiving but TWO votes, one
Of which was his own, r., .>.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
HRYAN'S FRIEND AGAINST NE,
GRO SUFFRAGE.

A few nights ago in New York
three Of President Cleveland's second
term Cabinet members spoke for Mr..
Bryan. Among them WAS Hilary a.
Herbert, former Secretary of the Ma
Wy. He is an Albanian. If Mr..
Bryan should happen to become
President, Mr.. Herbert would stand
high in the councils Of the party and
would be an adviser ct the White
House. This Is what Mr. Herbert
said short time ago, discussing the
repeal Of the 18th amendment, and
urging that it be done at the first
opportunity that presented itself TO
the Democratic party:
Il am free to say" ex-Secretary
Herbert went on to speak, that in
my opinion the granting Of universal
suffrage to the Negro was the mis-
take Of the nineteenth century"
This is the prevailing opinion Of
the leading Democrats Of the couDni
try, and Bryan Is in sympathy with
them. He hopes to profit in the
South by the evasion Of the 18th
amendment that is now being carried
on. II elected President he could
not live up to his oath to enforce
the Constitution of the United States.
HIS closest allies would be men who
fought TO destroy the Union and to
pcrpetuate slavery. If the colored
voters allow themselves to give a sin.
q" ballot for Bryan, they will be
committing the truly colossal blum
DER OF the twentieth century. They
will not do it.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Judge :Taft's tour. of Indiana, ms
souri,, Kentucky. Kansas, Ohio, and
Nebraska made him "solid" with the
Negro voters. He talked to them like
men and fellow-citizens. He made
them no impossible promises, did not
"patronize" them nor caiole them by
'soft-soap.' He pointed out the
economic, educational and civic ad-
vantages that would accrue from Re
publican CONTINUATION in power and
appealed TO them to stand by the, par
ty that would do them and their chill
dren the most good.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
straight Republican ticket.

lf West Virginia white men are
wise they wi1Epppose the disfranchis-
ing platforE. .bf the Democracy as
vigorously as the Negro is DOING ii
the law is passed requiring property
qualifieati'o3.R9s Ana educational tests.
the white man who is without means
and whose opportunities to attend
school have heen limited, will be as
helplessl!y in she, power. of the land
lord class as the Negro~win be in the
tolls of the %white-subremacy':
,fiends. The Republican party is
fighting the, poor white mans battle
as well as c6htendffig Tor an equal
chance for tffe black man. Let us
make our cause a c6mmon one, white
working men, and send Taft to the
White House as measure of self-de-
tense.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

II anything were needed to show
us the fallacy Of trying to reform the
Democratic party on the race ques-
ton, the hostile attitude of Southern
papers, like the Charleston News and
Courier, the Raleigh News and OBJ
server, the Baltimore Sun, the Nash
Vile American and Atlanta Constitu-
ton, Is enough to cause US TO turn
away both in sorrow and disgust. The
South is prone to stand in it's own
light and retard it's own. Industrial
and commercial advancement, rather
than give the black man fair
chance.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
CHARLESTON DISTRICT TICKET.
THE ISSUES WE HAVE MET.

NJ Let the Negro make 10 mistake
:sWlth reference to the issues that con-
sTQnf us next Tuesday, We, as full
s3Sfiedged, intelligent American citizens,
Sannst face some problems that are ra-
FiaI and others that are economic.
zEha record is before us. Orators
Ssaonrnalists and ncighbors have ar
Js@nedi, plead and reasoned with the
SE0ters. NO man need misunderstood
~ ksa,5dutya that lies before him. Next
zsaesday we must register our decis-
Y and announce our choice Of the
men VINO are to administer our af-
ssSa2hB ct the White House in Wash
s1ngLon, In the halls Of Congress, in
10 Governors Office at the State cap
sS5Ss9k and In the legislative chamber
gre tpnr local laws are made.
pps6sSs On the racial side, we are to decide
g55Rhether we will stand UP and be
640nnEed for the party that gave us
4zssslf freedom, clothed us with the
aaptIe of citizenship, protected our
Institutional rights in the courts,
T1gided schools for our children.
which now promises to do better
Ire future than it has done in the
Or, whether we are to aDan-
4 nat party in hun to 90 to the
aisaton which upheld slavery,
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Former Register Judson w. Lyons
was introduced to- Judge Taft by
President Mckinley shortly after the
Ohioan's appointment as Governor.
General Of the Philippines Being
deeply impressed with Judge Taft's
genial personality and aldermanic
proportions, Mr.. Lyons remarked to
the President, after Judge Taft had
left the room: '::There's g man OF
Presidential caliber. I'd certainly
stick up for him, If I got a chance"
The chance is here and Lyons is do
ing yeoman's service in Taft's behalf
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
NEGRO PLANK IN THE DEM
OCRATIC STATE PLAT
FORM.

1--WE favor the enactment of
q law requiring somInon carri-
ers engaged in passenger traf-
fic to furnish separate coaches
or compartments for white and
colored passengers.
believing that the extension
Of the elective franchise to q
race inferior in intelligence and
without preparation for the
wisa and prudent exercise of
privilege SO vitaT' to the main
tcnance of good governments,
was mistake, II not q crime, :
committed by the republican
party, during the reign Of pas
sion and prejudice following
the civil war, for political ends
and purposes, we declare that
the democratic party is in Ta~
vor of SO amending the consti-
tuition as to preserve the puri-
ty of the ballot, and the eIecto-
rate of the state from the evil
results from comforting such
power and privilege upon those
who are untitled to appreciate
it's importance, as it effects the
stability and preservation Of
good government" -,
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

No dignified coloreda pan wishes
to patropize q store that does not
care for his custom; nor does he visit
the home Of any family that plainly
tells him that his company is not
wanted. Why, then, should a self
respecting Negro insist upon allyins
himself with political party that
does not desire his support. offers
him no inducement to toin it's ranks,
fatty refuses TO '0Deh its doors to him
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Our, campaign OF education has lit,
orally demolished the Democratic
campaign ci MISREPRESENTATION. One
lie after anotherisFhasSs been swept
away, until there is now nothing to
be done except to register our victory
at the polls next slsSTaesday. Stay in
the game until time is called, and
We'll all rejoice together as the re-
turna are read. 2vrs,t':: 49,, VIZ - )
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
WHY SUPPORT TAFT
AND GLASSCOCK.
J. v. Coleman. Mt. Carbon


There is anay one party for; our
race. This can not be questioned
by any Negro.
list. Because his rights as an
American citizen are protected by no
political party as by: the Republi-
cans. r..
End. Because he was given these
rights by the Republican, party.
Bird. Because w; H. Taft stands
for q continuance Of the best Of the
administration Of Theodore Roose-
welt as against the. theories Of Bryan
and the race prejudice Of T1llman
and men of his tlk.
4th. Because Mr.. Glasscock, the
Republican candidate for Governor,
Is pledged to the policy of equal
rights to all regardless OF race or
color. ....
5th. Because the Republican,
party has never yet been advocates
Of any measures discriminatory to
my people.
In view Of these facts, it behooves
every Negro to vote a straight Re-
publican ticket from President to
Constable that there may be con-
tinuance Of prosperity and Of equal
ity before the law.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
; NEGRp,s RALLY SONG.
Tune: "Marchtng Through Georgia"


VIII the Negro stand the tests =
The test Of loyalty, = .a.>..
TO o ths party Y whose broad plank
Yes, he'll stand!for liberty ~.
Call from his raceA-you see, ...'.,
Vote from Republican vict'ry.
-. w Chorus. tk..Est:%. ~
Hurrah! hurrah! the Negroes song or
'' glee! r',..' = .'.. -
Hurrah! hurfah!i the, shout of vic
s.. tory t:,c"&%ss4 = - = .
In November at tho polls,
Ie'il take. the stand that's best.
10 bring Republican conquest.
List! a party in the South :,
prevents the Negro VOTE, F."
Democratic, Is 1t not? ".t ~.rr'.'
Then sound aloud this note: ..
Come, rally to- our, standard, .''
The standard for us best: g. ,
= Help Taft and Sherman to con-
Many say, the Negro now
Should change his politics.,
We advise him to beware -
OF all such; schem and tricks.
search each party's history-
A safe and honest test
Then vote the ticket for him best.
.... ks, ....'.! 49, I.,Ari$ rI,' -
Negroes are not Democrats, =,
Gould any truly be3 gar .'l g..
ms Isl party SO boldly fights WRssy =.
His maHhood ,libertX Z 4
Mr.. Bryan tells the South: '
IN her great racial fight, 80
:, crushing Negrosxote, is all right
winnie MIMI Moore Waters. Cincinnati,
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

ssisi assEsaft Bah g SoioF: 3
advising his Negro Companions; Ia
misery to commit race suicide by yo.
ting against Fatt and for the party
that is openly trying to despoil them
OF their franchise. There .are stin
Esaus who are willing to sell their
oirthrisht for a mess Of pottage,
It's true; It's a pity, and pity 'tis
IT'S true!" ! #"n'<S a. E.>,
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

AS President of the United States
William Howard Taft will rank with
washington, Lincoln and Roosevelt
Like them, he will leave an indelible
impress upon the : history of OH,
country. Elect him and help to
brighten our national escutcheon.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

the Democrats are retfpE reHniva and
destructive, / shall support IRtt and
Glosscock beca1se Il believe 3n them
is represented the highest and best
type OF Americansmanhood. They
have both declared that, II elected.
they, in their. respective Offices will
preside over the whole people and
not classes, as declared by Bryan and
Bennett. - :, y>&G'
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

and attempts to ostracize' any we'll
disposed member who even f1irts with
the Negro voter? Has Bryan utter
ed single sentence that would indi,
cate his desire for Negro votes? Not
by jugfull! Let him alone!
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

I THE ADVOCATE assumes Ii tn that NO tls
Negro will so far forget his manhood
next Tuesday as to be willing to sell
his vote for few paitry. dollars
and lose the grear opportunity to reg,
lister his endorsement of the best
Presidential g candidate tho party has
had in q Generation -. - '
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

/ In Louisville, KY, the total Repub-
lean registration is 1856. OF these.
1o'425 are Negroes. = They will han
die this balance of power wisely by
voting en- masse for Taft, and elect
ing the Republican candidate for
Congress, Mr. r. c. Kinkead.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

~ The veteran journalist;2T. Thomas
fortune, Is regular this year.
Brother Fortune. got his good eye ON
the band wagon finally and is dashed
to his seat thereon. -, a.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

THE ADVOCATE has bees in it
every minute! The peoples voice
from the Kanawha has awakened the
nation and made campaign managers
OF both parties sit up and take no.
tice"
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

fought our citizenship at every turn,
cheated and still cheats us out of the
right Of e:-.jive franchise wherever
1T is in control, 1ynches accused Ne
groes without u semblance of trial.
strangles education by miserable
school facilities and short terms, for
ceS our refined men and women into
dirty jim-crow cars and dirtier wait
ing-rOomS, gives us rank Injustice
by the short-shrift route in the courts
and which not only offers nothing
better In exchange for our support at
the polls, but declares in West Vir-
ginia and Missouri for railroad and
franchise restrictions that have not
heretofore =. existed in these. States.
The party first described is the Re-
publican party and it's candidate for
President is William Howard Taft.
one of the cIeanest, ablest and most
courageous statesmen who have ap-
peared in public life" since the foun-
dation Of the governments con-
structiVe genius and unusually expe-
rlenced in the art of administration
of large affairs. Back of him are the
men who stood with Lincoln and the
races friends. The party Iast-named
! Is the Democratic party, and it's can
didate for President is William Jen-
nlngs Bryan, dreamer, doctrinaire
and theorist, whose aspirations for
this high honor have been twice re-
| Jected, whose policies have not with
stood the light of investigation.
whose prophecies have been unfulfilI-
ed and who is an untried quantity in
the administration Of any govern
mental trust. Back Of him stand the
enemies of the Union, the champions
OF slavery, the advocates of the i'm
crow car laws and DISTINGUISHING
amendments and believers in the in
herent unfitness of the black man for
citizenship. Colored voters, VINO love
your race, who love your children
VINO have any hope of their future or
your own-which will you choose as
your leader in the nation-William
Howard Taft or William Jennings
| Bryan?
| On the economic side, we have the
Republican party with a decade of
Unexampled prosperity to it's credit
Business IS fiourishing, industries are
booming, and work is abundant be-
cause OF the wise policies Of the Re
publican leaders. This condition will
continue if we keep at the helm the
SAFE and same captains Of statecraft
who have brought US to our present
hlgh state Of national development
president Roosevelt has never been
known as prohpet Of despair--hfs
gospel IS optimism wherever It can
DC preached in good faith. Brave.
cool and far-seeing, it is time for all
70 take heed of his warning when he
predicts calamity. Hear the Presi.
dents message:
II Mr.. Taft is not elected, a peri
od or industrial chaos and business
nara times will ensue, in which the
Worhngmen will suffer more than
any other, will pay the penalty. Be
cause Of their own material interests
oclicve they should support Mr..
Taft"
Il
The Negro, more than any other
class, is affected by all that disturbs
the labor equation and is the quick
est to suffer, tn" last to feel the ris,
Ing tide Of inI2*;....l prosperity.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

. South Cardinals electoral ticket
bears the names Of seven white and
two colc:ed. No "lily-whiteism'
about that -
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Don't take any chances on losing
your vote. Ask the Republican clerk
to mark for. you a straight Republic
can ticket. ..,'..
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Taft for President, Glasscock fol
Gover9or, and a Republican Legisla
ture. That's the West Virginia Off.
cial program. Watch it WORK out.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

The race is sorry for Judge Gibbs.
He spoiled a proud record In the eve
ming Of a. long and useful life. AL
though he has acted hastily, he will
have ample time for repentance.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

II you don't want Jim Grow car:
and Disfranchisement, vote tht
straight Republican ticket.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Go the polls early, vote the straight
Republican ticket, and then go home
or to your place of employment.
Dent hang around the polls. -,
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

III you don't vote the straight Re-
publican ticket. this time,, you may
never have an opportunity to vote
again.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

The strength Of the campaign is
now centering about Ohio, Indiana
New York and West Virginia. '.:> &c..
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

>s Il New York. Ohio and Indiana are
no longer doubtful. They are sare
and sound in the Republican column
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Come over and ,jolliHy with US next
Wednesday night. There'n be music
in the air.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Don't take any chances ON losing
your vote. Ask the Republican clerk
to mark for you q straight Republic
can ticket.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

If you don't want Jim Crow cars
and Disfranchisement, vote the
straight Republican ticket.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Go the polls early, vote The straight
Republican ticket, AND then go home
or tc your. place Of employment.
Dent hang AROUND the polls.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

We are extending the right hand
Of fellowship to Brother J. r. Cliff
ford.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Go the polls early, vote The straight
Republican ticket, and then go home
or to your place Of employment.
Dent hang around the polls. +.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Everybody up for the ninth if
ning!"
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

II you don't want Jim Grow cars
ana Dtsfranchisement, vote the
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

Editor J. H. Murphy, Maryland's
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29

II yon don't want JiTa Grow cars
and Disfranchisemenk vote the
straight Republican ticket.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
DIR. w. s. Turner, Clarksburg.

DIR. w. s.. Turner, Clarksburg:
] am Republican because it was
the Republican party that gave me
the right and privilege to be some
thing in the political world. 1t has
consistently defended the rights Of the
Negro when assailed by the Demo
Gratis. The history Of the two par
ties shows that every law enacted for
the benefit of the Negro was done by
the Republican party and opposed by
the Democrats. In the States control
led by the Democrats the Negro has
been deprived of the right of fran
chiso by fraud and violence and re-
duced to O condition but one degree
removed from slavery. The Republi=
can party is progressive and CON
structiye; while on the other hand,
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
PARTY EMBLEM

,SSts = - 49,.
-, 49,
%a!|&'ll||1 N
s+.& REPURLICAN TICKET.
M Election November 3, 1908.
=. &. For President:
Il. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT,
a.IS, OF Ohio.
~, g. For Vice-President:
JAMES s. SHERMAN,
y of New YCvk.
: CONGRESSIONAL TTCKmT.
a For Congress-:
~ JOSEPH HOLT GAINE1.
@ STATE TICKET.
! For Governor,
p WIN. E. GLASSCOCK,
of Monongalia County.
:; For Judges OF Supreme Govt:
H., IRA e. ROBINSON.
s. w. N. MILLER.
l.. JUDSON WILLIAMS,
h For Secretary of State:
e.. {, s.. STUART F. REED,
e. of Harrison County.
~ For Auditor:
&. JOHN SHERMAN DARST,
!, =, OF Jackson County.
For Attorney General:
i WILLIAM G. CONLEY,
r.. Of Preston County.
r For State supt. Of Schools:
e. M. P. SHAWKEY,
(, = -. of Kanawha County.
80 Tor Treasurer:
g.. r.. L. LONG,
E OF Mcdowell County.
~ For State Senate:
- e. T. ENGLAND
H. OF Logan County.
4
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1908-10-29
KANAWHA COUNTY TICKET.

For House of Delegates:-
CHARLES w. GOOD
u. JOHN NUGENT.
,. JOHN A. THAYER-
SAM. G. HAIRLESS,
4. c. COLCORD.
For Clerk Of County Court:
L. G. MASSEY.
@~- FOR Clerk OF Circuit Court:
IRA H. MOTTESHEARD
- For Prosecuting Attorney:
( 8. B. AVIS.
i For Judge intermediate Court:
r. HENRY K. ELACK.
For GneriHf:
< 8. p SMITH.
e. For County Commissioners
~. P. MALCOLM.
H. A. r. SHEPARD.
- For Assessor:
- GRANT COPENHAVER.
- For County Surveyor:
FRANK D. BARRON.
CHARLESTON DISTRICT TICKET
For Justice of the Peace:
III FRANK J. HILL.
H. U. B. ATKINSON.
For Constables,
NJ G. D. AGREE,
III: G. G. FREEMAN.
The Lexington dispatch. [volume] (Lexington, South Carolina) 1870-1917, 1908-10-14
Murray Monts Has Close Call.

Murray Monts, young white man
living at 2203 Bull street, made a mis-
take yesterday that came very near
costing him his life. The fact that
his home is near the State Hospital
for the Insane probably saved his life.
He had been suffering all day from
pains in his stomach and had taken
one bottle of paregoric in an effort to
get relief, but, it proving Intellectual,
he hastily swallowed what he thought
was another bottle Of the same medi-
cine. The latter, however, proved to
be laudanum and only the quick work
Of q half dozen nurses from the State
Hospital for the Insane and two ply
sicians who were hastily summoned
ssYed his life.
Monts was very much frightened
when he found that he had made such
q serious mistake and called for his
wife to get help at once. A message
to the nurses to come quickly brought
their help while the physicians ar
rived q few moments later. It is
probable that had help been just lit
tie later it would have been Intellectual.
Mr.. Monts, although still very sick
man, will recover.-The State 18th.
The Lexington dispatch. [volume] (Lexington, South Carolina) 1870-1917, 1908-10-14
Dispensary Books All Right.

Assistant Dispensary Auditor Hunt
was here last week checking up the
books of the Lexington County Dis
pensary Board. Mr.. Hunt is gentle
man of pleasing and charming person
atty, and his visits here are always a
source of pleasure to his host Of
friends.
The Lexington dispatch. [volume] (Lexington, South Carolina) 1870-1917, 1908-10-14

People who say what they think
have to do lot of explaining.