davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
Waller At Bottom Of Ocean
Is Near The The Freezing Point

fathOms these organs are still further
enlarged. or So greatly reduced that
in some species they disappear alto
gether. and are replaced by enormous
~ long feelers. The only light at
great DEPTHS which would enable large
eyes 10 De OF any service is the phos-
Thorescence Of deep-sea animals
We know that at the surface this
light is often very powerful. and Sir
Vvyville Thomas has recorded one
occasion on which The Ia at night
was "a perfect blaze o. phosphOres-
cence. so strong that lights and shad-
ows were thrown on the sails. and IL
was easy 10 read the smallest print
il is thought possible by several natu-
raIists that certain portions OF the sea
bottom may be as brilliantly nlumined
ny this sort Of light as the streets OF a
great city after the electric lights
la, e been turned on.
Some deep-sea fish have two parallel
rows of small circular phosphores'cent
organs running along the whole length
OF their bodies. and as they glide
through the dark waters Of the pro
found abysses -hey must look ike
model mail ships with rows Of shining
port holes--Live Wire
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
Prepayment of Postage.

The penny postage act or as IL was
entitled An act for the further regu-
laJiOn Of the duties on postage" was
passed in iS9. and In 1S40 the pro
visions Of the earlier act. Wh.ch had
been made Of temporary validity only,
were made perpetual.
Uniform penny postage depended
very largely for its success upon the
introduction OF the prepayment or
postage instead OF the old system
whereby the payment generally had
20 be collected from the addressee-
HiH and others advocated stamped en-
velopes OF wrappers and adhesive
labels as the simplest means Of col
iecting the postage in advance
An envelope was prepared from a
drawing by WiIli9-h Mulready. R A.
The design. however, did not appeal
10 the unitarian mind. and the en-
velopes and wrappers were withdrawn
after a very short period OF use The
adhesive labels. o. postage stamps
however leapt into popularity and
the system Of prer ayment OF postage
by means 81 adhesive stamps was per
haps the chief factor IN securing the
success OF the uniform penny postage
scheme
Ocean penny pcstage as an agitation
wideneG cut into universal penny
postage about 1854 when William
Hastings 81 Huddersfeld. brought the
matter before the Huddersfield cham
Der Of commerce He declared that
on studying the rIat.er he found that
the penny ocea- postage was not
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
BeglnnIng OF Agitation.

The hSddersGeld Chamber Of Com
merCe proposed at a meeting Of the
Associations OF Chambers OF Com
merce In London 90 1865 % send a
deputati0n 10 the postmaster general
10 urge the adoption Of a uniform rate
of / penny from any posJofhce TO
any other. But the association did
not accept The proposal
MIR HASTINGS then issued in 1856 his
pamphlet entitled Universal Penny
Postage in which he showed that the
manipulation in sorting. stamping, and
delivery OF letters is no greater on
foreign and saaborne letters than on
inland. and that the cost Of transit
on a single letter Is almost inapprecia-
bic. being even 10 Japan under two
hfths Of a penny. and from LIVERPOOL
to New York under oue-hundredtn-
The later discussion in England on
the extension Of penny postage across
the seas has alternated between the
proposals Tor universal penny postage.
and imperial penny postage Henry
Fawcett. who vas postmaster general
in 1881. was kee1Iy interested in en-
deavoring 20 get the colonies 20 ac-
cent a lower postal rate 10 and from
the mother country. but the colonies
were afraid 20 lower their rates In
1852 Arnold Foster advocated in the
Nineteenth Century an imperial pen
ny postage. and Henniker Heaton
brought up TIE subject IN the House
Of Commons in 1875 ~ moving for the
opening Of negotiations 10 other Gov
err ments with a view 20 establishing
universal penny postage. James Hut
ton. NJ. p. an enthusiast in postal
reform. moved on amendment in favor
Of imperial per . postage. In April.
1890. Mr.. nov NiscounD Goschen. as
q anceuor OF The exchequer- found u
possible to announce a twO-and-a-half-
penny rate to the colonies
The imperial Federation League
published in 1891 a pamphlet. Uniform
Imperial Postage. An Enquiry and
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
What wiz Come Next.

After penny postage the parcels
post, tie half-penny Universal post
card, and in Great Britain the level
ing OF the newspapers and magazines
rates are the next matters planned
for the consideration OF the postal
low refOrmers.
The earliest step in penny postage
is traceable directly 10 the Under
takers" in England, in lag IN the
thirteenth year of his reign Charles I
erected a new office which was called
"the letter office" Of England. Thorn
as WitherinEs was indicted into the
Office for a life term. and IN a proc
law1tion OF February II. 1867. the
monopoly OF carrying the letters wss
established, and granted TO him
notwithstanding the restriction
against private enterprise. many pc.
sons continued carrying and sending
letters 0y post, ard Withcrings final
~ caused several or these early trust
busters or leaders OF the opposition
10 bc ir'prisoned. In 1919. parliament
voted that the taking Of letters 5y
private posts was against Tie law and
ordered the fight on the Witherings
monopoly 10 end.
Edmund Prideaux succeeded With
erings in the letter office in 1914 and
IL kept up the restraints against the
private letter posts. He continued thu,
rate Of pence for every parcel or let
ter
In 1862 the undertakes" reduced
the rates to 3 pence a letter beyond
eighty miles, and pence for eighty
miles or less. The people lost patience
with the work done by Prideaux, and
the private enterprise persisted.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
Opposition to ~Trust..

They did not have their private en-
terprise in operation very long. for in
1853 the council OF state granted a
warrant to John Manley, who then
farmed the letter office Ito stop all
letters which shall be carried by any
persons except by such as are author
lied by him"
The undertakes" continued such
carriage OF letters for one whole year.
though to their great loss and dam
age. But soon after they had settled
the Thursday POst-the parliament
being then first interrupted in the year
1883 the council of Oliver. late Lord
Protector, let the carriage of letters
as well foreign as inland 10 a man
John Manley) who had neither spent
money, nor taken pans in reducing
the same. which caused forcIble re-
straint by Souldiers to be put upon the
''undertakers. and they compelled 70
desist from their lawful employment
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

for the ease and benefit Of the ma
tons
Dockwra's Post. started IN I6So. had
q little over two years OF Ne as
private enterprise. and the undertake
err is said 10 have expended the whole
OF lis fortune and that OF his family
in putting the organization on a pay
ing basis. As soon as Il began TO
she promise Of becoming remunera-
tive tire Duke OF York and the Earl Of
Arlington. who vas postmaster gen
ersl. proceeded against Dockwra for
infringement Of the postal monopoly.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
Limitations of Rate.

Postmaster General Meyer, in max
ing the announcement IN America, said
that the reduction was limited TO the
postal rates between Great Britain
and the United States. who have en-
tered into q special union on the sub
ject. lie added that the privilege for
the present certainly would not he
extended TO other countries lie adj
mitted that for the first few months
the receipts would show a falling off,
but he declared the change would re-
suit ultimately IN an increase of re
sources for the postal departments Of
the two nations. In Great Britain it
is said the change will mean re-
duction Of $4,000 the first year. n-t
it is hoped that the increased CORE
spondence between the two nations
will make up for the loss within a
short tine.
The enterprise OF the Postmaster
Generals OF the two nations deserve
al the credit for the penny postage
laws between Great Britain and the
United States. In Great Britain and
the United States. In Great Britain
the Right Hon Sydney Buxton. NJ P.
has taken a leading place among the
long roll OF postmaster generals. and
since he began service IN 1895 he has
declared that II viii not be through
any want Of enterprise and initiative
on his part II England's postal service
does not extend the penny postage
sin further.
Penny postage has long been a rob
..
since his earliest connection with the
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

mails or Uncle sam he has been hsur
ms on plan for cheaper coT=espon-
dent with foreign nations.
lie studied the system closely dun
ing his CAREER tn the diplomatic ser
vice Of the United States. When he
was sent o. italy in 1909 as the Presi-
CENTS representative At the court or
tie King. he conferred with the pos
tai authorities there on a plan Of
cheaper nail service. and when re
went as the United States ambassa-
dor % Russia FIVE years later he car
RED with him his convictions that I,
bring the world powers in closer tOucI
cheaper postage laws would have to
he passed
4 In 1907 he was recalled 20 the
United States 20 enter the Cabinet Of
the President and since that time one
of his chef aims has been 10 see his
methods putinto effect.
The Postmaster General saws e is
only a question OF time now until the
nation viii adopt a penny postage
agreement with France and Germany.
and he believes the day is not Jar dis
tant when the principal countries o.
the world will realize the necessity OF
postal reform
Il is urged that TIRE cordial relations
or the United States ana Japan should
make penny postas" between the two
countries a step OF the nesr future.
Take the progress or postal refOl N
since 1SiG. and no che can deny penny
postage between all nations is the next
natural step forward On civilization.
That Il is coming by degrees. and
that it is coming at no distant date.
Is obvious.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

A verdict was given against Dock
wra, IN the Kings bench bar, and
the penny post was taken over and
set I'D under authority"
For nearly l28 years the Lonuon
penny post was carried on under the
direction Of the postmaster generals.
following IN the main DOckwra's
methods. Indeed fOT time DOcSwTa's
was permitted to hold the office Of
comptroller Of the penny post.
Then By an act OF 1901 the penny
post took. as il were. a step back
ward. by its conversion into two
penny post.
In ITS another private individual
Charles Povey. set up what he callei
"a half-penny carriage" which was
an imitation OF Dockwra's plan. but
limited to smaller area. comprising
the cities OF London, Westminster.
and the borough of Southwark, but
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
EVEN SONG

Pleasant the ways wherein our feet
sweet the young hills. the valleys Of
content.
But now The hours Of dew and dream
are fed.
Lord we are spent
We did not heed Thy warning IN the
skies.
We have not heard Thy voice nor
known Thy fold.
But now the world is darkening TO our
eyes.
Lord. We grow old.
Nov the sweet stream turns bitter with
our tears.
Now dies the star we followed in the
West
Now We are sad and I'll at ease with
years
Lord, We would rest
To. our proud lamps are emptied Of
their light.
Weary our hands to toll our feet to
roam.
our day is past and swiftly falls Thy
night,
Lord. lead US home
Metropolitan
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
postage.

7 GST as the postage rate between
the United States and Great
a Britain has been reduced 10 a
mi7imca. just 50 are the world
powers COIteIIp.at.rz; % reduction he
tween all nations. and Il is safe pre-
,Iicti,u shat within a very few vars
letters %ill be going into the jungle
lilies Of Africa and the wiIds Of the
now almost t.:.s own countries just aS
cheaply as we can mail a letter TO
friend across the street.
What the newspapers have styled
Revolutionary Reform OF penny
postage between the United States and
Great Britain was introduced in a
very quiet manner officially The plans
were laid without any. or rather very
much. publicity in either country and
then came the announcement in The
house Of commons IN answer 10 "a
question. which was not on the order
paper. put Ey Sir William Holland.
June g. 1903.
Tire question of Ang,c-Americau
penny rosIage." said Mr.. Buxton. the
leader Of -ae movement in Great Brit
ain. ''has been under the consideration
OF the Postmaster General OF the
United States and myself ] am glad
to be able to announce that I have
now received a telegram from Mr.
Meyer saying that he is prepared to
accept the proposal made to him for
the establishment OF penny postage
between the two countries. Certain
arrangements have &c be made before
the change comes into force but on
and after October ! next the rate Of
letter postage to the United States
VIII be the same as that to the col
onies, that is, . penny per ounce
throughout the scale instead Of two
pence halfpenny as at present. Per
Eaps I may be allowed to express the
confident belief that this reduction ia
the postal rates between ,he United
Kingdom and tho United states will
by greatly increasing the freedom OF
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

II He temperature at the bottom
OF the ocean IS nearly down to
freezing point. and sometimes
actually below il.
There is a total absence of light as
FAR as sunlight is concerned, and
here is an enormous pressure, reck.
oned at about a ton TO the square
inch every Loco fathOms which is
l6o times greater than that OF the
atmosphere ~e liys in. Al 10
EathOms the pressure is thirty times
more powerful than the steam pres
sure Of a locomotive when drawing a
train up a steep grade
]. a FISH, in fun chase after its prey,
happens TO ascend beyond a certain
level. its air-.nfated swimming bad
der becomes distenGed with the de-
creased pressure. and carries il. in
spite Of us efforts. still higher in its
course; in fact. members of this IN
fortunate class are liable 30 become
victims TO the unusual accident OF
falling upward. and no doubt meet
with a violent death socn after leav-
ing their accustomed level. and long
before their bodies reach he surface
in distorted and thoroughly IN
natural state.
Even ground sharks, bioaght up
from a depth OF no more than Eve
hundred iathonis. expire before they
gain the surface.
Some Of the organs OF deep-sea fish
have undergone considerable modifca-
ton in correspondence TO the changed
conditions Of their new habitats. Thus
down 20 800 fathOUls their eyes have
generally become enlarged. to make
the best Of the faint light which may
possibly penetrate thea. AFTER 1.g0e
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
SACRED QUETZAL
NATIONAL EMBLEM
OF GUATEMALA

= IMAGINE bird the size Of a
pigeon. its back, mead, wings. and
4 breast dazzling metallic green
with sobcn sheen. its entire
lover parts vivid scarlet. a soft, re-
curved crest curling over the bin and
ferny. curved pIumeS. tapping over the
wings, while two or three slender,
green feathers. a yard or more in
length. extend over and beyond the
glossy black and white tail. Such is
the Quetzal or Resplendent TrcgOn,
sacred bird Of the Montezumas. ma
tional emblem Of Guatemala and the
handscmest and most striking Of eli
the gorgeous Trogon family. Although
found in nearly every repGhli OF
Central America this superb creature
Is confined entirely TO the heavy oak
forests OF the higher mountains In
these localities his shrill scream may
&c Ee3id at any Lime. yet IL is a diff
CUT matter to even catch glimpse
o. his brilliant form as he sits from
tree 70 tree and far more difficult is
The task Of securing specimens. APP
pareHtly fully aware OF their beauty
and value, these royal birds are ex-
cee6aSsly shy and suspicious. keeping
entireIy to the topmOst branches Of
the tailest trees. Frequently far out
81 shotgun range. This statement is
no eXaggeratiOn, FOR the trs IS often
attain height of coo feet, with the
lowest limbs fully 100 feet above the
earth. and have frequently hreG
heavy charges Of No. . shot at a
CuetZal On the lower branch OF one
81 these forest giants with no other
result save a stray leaf or two hoat-
ing downward. Early morning is the
only tilhe at which the bird may be
sought with any chance Of success
ON the morning finally :, lected for my
0netzli hunt. the dripping trees and
Jungle OF tie mountain side were still
Srroudec III the blackness n trepic
night as Juan and made our way up
the STEEP slOIies of TurriaIba
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
RECKLESS
AUTOMOBILE
DRIVING
CCOatinued from First Psge)

(Coatinued from First Psge)
occasion. Mr.. Hin not only denied his
appeal for bail. but declared he hoped
the law would deal with the man
severely.
when I employed him ten days
ag6. he said. 7 made only two con-
ditions with him. The FIRST was that
he should never take the machine
from the garage without nv permis-
sion: the second was that he should
never. under any circumstances. run
at high speed in the city limits"
Atlantic City. at the height OF its
recent season. held two men. Charles
Baudoine. OF New York. and Dr. c. J.
Schneider. or Philadelphia. who had
the pluck 10 call for the enforcement
OF the New Jersey law providing pen
alties for the use of an auto without
the permission OF the owner.
But there, with some few instances
elsewhere, the praiseworthy record
stops. The showing is admitted by all
motorists to be shameful TO the United
states
For the tyrant chauffeur. in his
masters car and his reckless Joy
rides. owners may talk among them
selves TIN they are blue. Legislatures
may pass the most stringent laws OF
restraint. and garages may install
register clocks and formulate the most
ironclad rules. but all must be in vain
until the owners themselves develop
the sense o. dignity. responsibility and
seif-reiiance that viii con-el COM
piiance with their wishes as emphati-
caiiy as James H. HiU expressed Il.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11
CABACHONs And OLIVEs.

Cabaehons and olives Of extreme
size are employed on all the more
deliberately trimmed separate coats.
the olives being generally of heavy
silk cording or Of crochet work and
in matching hues with the other trim
mings. willie tie cabachOns are similar
Is treated or Of Hqetal. jewel set These
ornaments are paced al TIE terminus
of the shortened waist line. used as
front fasteEiTSs. set on the collar and
cuffs and pocSet-if there are poc<eis-
and furnish tho centeTS Tor The big
rcsette heading sashes.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

not including the suburbs. This was
? fagrant Infringement. and POvey
was fined Eln IN 17l0 IN connection
With this hIif-penuy post the bell
ringer was introduced Tor the collect
ing ~ letters Ia the Streets prac-
tice which in lis ia1er use has been
depicted by MOrland in his Letter
woman"
BY an act OF George III local penny
posts were legaHzed IN 1855. These
local penny posts could be set up in
any city or town and the suburbs. not
only in England and Ireland. but in
America
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

personal and commercial intercourse.
not only further the many interests
tha two great nations have in COM
mon. hut also strengthen the mutual
good feeling which happily exists be-
tween them"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

cheap. that one penny from p0storice
20 9ostoTice even in dinerent countries
and across the ocean. was enough
for lhe cost of labor and transit.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

DIT so many years ago il required a more
than moderate income for a person to
to carry on a regular correspondence with
a friend or relative in Great Britain. At
that time transportation across the At
lantic ocean was slow and the delivery of
letter was a matter for conjecture and
speculation. In due course Of time the
postal rate was reduced to ) cents. where
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1908-10-11

Proposal hy r. J. ReaGOn. in which
the wr--er Claims that the pan S0lid
place British commerce ON a more
favorable footing than foreign com
me7ce- He also proposed the eX1en-
sioI Of the inland parcel rates 10 the
whole empire Alr- Stead in the Re-
view ~ Reviews extended the idea %
a.. whole Eneilsh-spe2xinE race, in
cIudinx the United States
The Delta independent., 1908-12-11
The Potato Crop.

The total potato crop of the United
States this season is in round numbers
24o, 494, 900 bushels, according to the best
authority on the subject. This is some
80 millions short of the crop of last
year. and runs little below the average
for the past five years AS prices ha, .
been good during the past five years " e
may reasonably expect the market to
continue fairly good. though there is o
reason to expect record breaking prici 8
at any time during the winter, as the
consuming population of the country is
now on an economical basis as several
million wage-earners are out of employ
ment. and have been for over year.
The bankers panic has resulted in loss
of over one billion dollars in wag es alone
during the past twelve months, and
what this has done to the markets of
the country, the Eastern farmers know
much better than we of the west. Out
here there has been no suffering and
and the Western drift of emigration
keeps a steady stream of money coming
our way which helps us to stem the tide
of adversity.
The Delta independent., 1908-12-11
NOTICE TO PROPERTY OWNERS.

The owners of the following described
premises. situate in Cement Sidewalk District
hereby notified that the cement sidewalks in
said District have been completed and ac-
sidewalks % in said I % District % was ssSsss; Isa isat
the share apportioned to each Lot or tract
of land is as follows:
by George ". Bruce. SIZES; to LOT II, in
ali Srpss ss Sz as fseSe@ fas OF Ae a%n
i, owned Sy Frsas Ward, SO I Ii: to j. lss $.
Ssass y Mercy fs b!1smsa ~ Sell; 0'ssl to he ss
Ie,a Subdivision ef Deita rowasite M M and i"es to
o%neS sSs Sens sS My & efs Ss hot x in to s0ss a
in block ;, owned by 5. b, Mccain, slss.st
s to lot /; in block 10 owned by J. !; Kramer.
owned SS John % DAVIS, 70 sis 10 al an O!S't sS ths
YOU ARE FURTHER NOTIFIED That any
complaints or objections, that may be made
IN writing by any of the owners OF any ofthe
Trustees OF the Town of Delta, Colorado. and
filed in my office within thirty days from
said Town. before the passage OF the ordi-
ments. You are further notified that pay
ments may be made to the undersigned or to
time within ,hirV deys a os tbe MASSAGE s sny ~
the assessing ordinance. and an allowance of
live per cent. discount shall be made on all
You are further notified that the owners Of
the remaining lots In said district have al.
the cost OF said Cement Sidewalks.
Dated at Delta Colorado, this 30th day OF
LILLE E. WILSON,
Town Clerk and Recorder.
First pub. Dec 1905 Last pub. Dee. Is, isus,