davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
GRASS CULTURE.
Forsthousht and Intelligent Super.
vis;on Insure a Good Lawn.

forsthou9ht n Intelligent Super.
vision Insure a Good Lawn.
Great care should be taken by the
gardener with his lawn. 1t is the can
vas upon which he will paint his f1ow-
er bed pictures and landscape effects.
To be successful he must prepare his
canvas well.
The first thing is to grade the
ground, smoothing rough surfaces,
making proper level stretches and gen.
tie slopes. If possible, the lawn should
slope from the house. The grading
should be done so as to distribute
evenly oil surface water, avoiding the
formation of little run which might
produce washouts.
The soil should be enriched with a
liberal supply Of we'll rotted anure.
This is essential where the soil Is lack
ing in humus; otherwise bone meal or
other good fertilizer is useful, and ma
nure often contains the seed OF weeds.
The ground should be plowed or spad-
ed not less than eight inches deep, re-
moving all the stones and similar ma
terial, and the surface made as smooth
as possible. Then it Is ready for SOW
ing.
One Of the best mixtures for the
lawn is four parts Kentucky blue grass
with one part of white clover, sown
not less than five bushels to the acre.
Equally good results are usually OBJ
tanned by the use Of redtop in place
Of the blue grass or with equal parts
of redtop and blue grass and a little
white clover. When moisture is plen-
tiful the blue grass forms a softer turf
than the redtop. but does not seem to
endure drought SO well. In shady
places the blue grass mixture is best.
Nothing but pure seed should be sown.
1t is well to be liberal with the seed,
not to scatter it too thinly and to re-
seed portions that come up poorly.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
THE MARINERS COMPASS.
influences That Draw 1t From Its Allie.
glance 70 the Pole.

influences That Draw 1t From Its Allie.
glance 20 the Pole.
Nothing in the navigational equip.
ment of a ship has been the subject OF
more anxious research or receives
more Jealous care than the mariners
compass.
The popular notion of the compass
needle always pointing north and
south is-well, more inaccurate than
even popular notions usually are. Even
under the most favorable conditions
there are only certain places upon the
surface Of the earth where the compass
needle does point north and south, and
it is quite safe to say that such condi-
lions are never found on board of any
ship.
But we must go further and say that
no more unfavorable position could be
found for a compass than on board Of
a modern steamship. which is a COM
| plicated mass of steel, all tending to
draw the compass needle from its allie
glance to the magnetic pole Of the
earth, warning influences which must
needs be counteracted by all sorts of
devices which hedge round the instru-
ment by an invisible wall Of conflicting
currents OF magnetism.
And as If this were not enough there
are now huge dynamos to be reckoned
with. producing electric currents for
all sorts of purposes on board, In the
midst of these mystic. currents the poor
little compass needle, upon which the
| mariner depends for his guide across
the trackless deep. hangs suspended
like one shrinking saint surrounded by
! legions of devils.-Windsor Magazine.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
MODERN IMPLEMENTS.
Mako 1t Possible For tho Farmer te
Dispenue With Extra Help.

Mako It Possible For tho Farmer to
Dispense With Extra Help.
The scarcity of help on farms may
ultimately drive landowners to greater
economy and to a more general use Of
devices and conveniences which light
en- the work. 1t is surprising how
many aim to get along by muscle power
alone, never trying any other method.
which might save half their work.
An old farmer says that his neigh
bors called him lazy when he first
brought a hay loader on his farm, and
when he rugged up a cable and used a
trip hay fork to unload his hay he had
a crowd Of neighbors around him.
'.just to see how it worked"
The economical and up to date farm.
err counts all of these labor AYERS just
that much of his equipment, and it is
only by using them that he is enabled
to meet present conditions. The walk
ing stirring plow and. walking culti-
vators are back numbers. Now the
sulky or gang plow is used, and three
big, lusty horses will turn over three
or-four acres a day.
A manufacturer has got out a rotary
harrow, which is attached to the ploE.
and the land is turned and narrowed
at one operation. If any man is justi-
fed in venturing money it is the farm
err when he invests it in up to date
tools and implements for mor rapid
and better work on the farm.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
BRUSSELS SPROUTS.
Easy to Raise and Profitable If Prop.
erIy Marketed.

cry NIarketSos
Brussels sprouts may be easily
grown in the ordinary home vegetable
garden. The plant is a close relative Of
the cabbage and cauli6ower, but In
stead of producing a single head forms
a number of small ones in the axis Of
the leaves, and these heads are called
sprouts and are the edible part of the
vegetable. The sprouts average Il or
two inches in diameter.
The seed should be sown in the open
ground as early as the weather per-
mits. When the plants are three inches
high they should be transplanted or
thinned out into rows tw%enty-four to
thirty inches apart and about two feet
apart in the row. The plants must be
we'll watered after they have been
moved.
As the small sprouts begin to crowd
the leaves should be broken from the
stem to give the small heads more
room. A few leaves should be left at
the top Of the stem where the new
heads are formed.
In warm climates the plants may be
left in the open ground all winter, the
heads being removed as desired, but
in more northern ATTITUDES plants that
are we'll laden with heads are taken up
when frost comes and set close to-
gether in a pit or cellar or a '"cold
frame" or bed covered with glass.
With a little soil packed about their
roots they may in this way be kept all
winter. being used when needed. When
boiled or stewed with cream they are
delicious.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
WESTERN WIND BREAKS.
Experiments to Determine Their Use.
fulness TO the Prairie Farmer.

Experiments to Determine Their USE
fulness to the Prairie Farmer.
The sudden ruin that hot winds
sometimes bring to growing crops in
parts Of the west is well known.
Blowing strongly across the unob-
structed plains, these winds may in a
few days blast all hope of even q par
tial harvest. This is particularly so in
the lower portion of the central plains
region and in years of unusually low
rainfall. Here the winds most. to be
feared blow from the southwest or
south. In the northern prairie region
the farmer is exposed to the hot
chinook wind, which sweeps down
from the Canadian mountains. This
either dries out growing crops or IT 1t
prevails before the danger Of killing
frosts is past causes loss through urg-
ing vegetation forward prematurely.
Cold winter winds also do great in
jury to crops, make the climate more
severe for stock and men and interfere
with an even. covering of snow upon
the ground. This is true from Cana
da almost to the gulf.
In southern California dry winds
from the north and northeast sweep
down from the Mohave desert with de-
structive results. Coming in June.
these winds may reduce the wheat
yield of unprotected fields to almost
nothing. Windbreaks of eucalyptus and
Monterey cypress, now in such COM
mon use to protect orange groves and
orchards, long ago convinced possess
ors Of highly valuable irrigated land
Of the value Of tree planting for pro
lection purposes.
But there are two sides to the wind
break question. Some prairie farmers
declare positively that belts Of Usage
orange, for instance, are a nuisance"
Others cite figures to show positive
benefit. A farmer who lives near
Downs, Kan. gives his yield Of corn
from a field protected on the south by
a row of tall cottonwoods as six bush
els per acre more than in places where
there is no protection. About fifteen
acres are benefited in this way. 1t is
highly necessary that the windbreak
should occupy only sufficient land to
Offset this benefit.
An Illinois farmer. sums up his OBJ
servations upon this matter thus: "My
experience is that now, in cold and
stormy winters. wheat protected by
timber belts yield full crops. while
fields not protected yield only one-third
of a crop. Twenty-Five or thirty years
ago we never had any wheat killed by
winter frosts, and every year a full
crop of peaches, which is now rare. AT
that time we had plenty Of timber
around our fields and orchards, now
cleared away"
! The United States forest service pro-
poses to find out just when and how
much windbreaks increase the yield
of crops. Measurements and tests will
be made and elaborate data will be
collected by experts who will have
charge of the study.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03

COVERING TEE LETTUCE WITH MATING.
but not without air. Even castof
hats may be used to prop over a deli
cate new plant, and as straw allows
the air to circulate it will not be
tirely deprived Of oxygen. Stones laid
on the hatbrims will keep them from
blowing away on a windy day.
CASTOR fruit baskets are excellent to
cover %transplated plants. They pro-
vide sufficient shade and do not smoth-
er the plants because the openings let
in air. They are very light to handle
and easy to store because they set into
each other, besides being sufficiently
durable to last an entire season or
longer. They cost nothing, can be
collected and saved for the purpose.
and weather does not destroy them
quickly or winds blow them easily
about. Use peach baskets for the lar
ger plants. plum and grape baskets
for smaller plants, or for two or three
Of the very smallest. and strawberry
baskets for the smallest Of all. Even
these will span two seedlings set near
together.
Choose a cool, shaded corner for let
tuce. If you have none such, make a
retreat for the succulent delicacy.
Have a movable screen Of reeds or
woven twigs with which to protect the
lettuce bed from the monday SUM-.
Take it down at night and do not put
it up on cloudy days. By a little care
in this respect you will secure sweet
salad. AS the first supply Of plants
shows a tendency to u to seed. have
a second and a third installment ready
to take its place. Lettuce that grows
in the sun gets bitter, and when the
head elongates into a stem it is past
use.
Radishes also thrive into juicy mild
ness in the shade. although they will
bear more sunshine than lettuce. If
set so near-a brick wall as to feel the
radiated heat as we'll as the direct rays
Of the sun they will develop too fast
and become pithy and pungent. Here.
too, it Is wise to have a succession of
crops. Manage this by judicious re-
newal of young plants or by sowing
seeds at different times.
Green peas should be planted early
in the season. Give them rich earth.
plenty of light and heat, and water
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
Cut of s75o,ooo in Salaries.

New York, June 24.-Salaries and
incidental expenses Of officials of the
American Smelling and Refining COM
pany have been reduced $750,000, a c
cording to Daniel Guggenheim, chair.
man and president of the company.
"Before / left for Europe" said Mr..
Guggenheim on. his return from a four
months trip abroad, II set the ball
rolling by reducing my own salary.
My brothers, who devote their entire.
time to the affairs of the company,
also reduced their salaries voluntar-
lily"
Utica, N. Y, June 24.-Word was
sent to the family of James s. Sher-
man in this city that the vice presi-
Dental candidate had been compelled
10 go to a hospital in Cleveland, O.,
and that DR.. Finney Of Baltimore, who
attended Mr.. Sherman during an att
tack Of the same trouble In Washing
ton last year. had been summoned.
Mrs. Sherman and one Of her song
have gone to Cleveland.
The news received here Is very dis
quieting and 1t 10 said that Mr.. Sher-
man is In a serious condition. Exten-
sive arrangements had been made to
give him a,great reception on bis re-
] turn here.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
USING EMPTY FRUIT BOXES.

Hsurt -EtE.at = aE. /, 49, ~ ~ Il 81
often should the seaso be dry. Train
upon sticks against the wall. If you
have room for two crops. plant a sec
ond three weeks after you put the
FIRST into the ground. This will insure
IL succession of .messes" of the incon,-
parable. vegetable, which is never
eaten In perfection unless It has been
gathered on the same day it Is cooked
and served.
Cucumbers flourish under direct and
radiating .isunshineS being of tropical
origin. They, too. should be eaten soon
after they are gathered. Horticultur-
lists hold that IL plucked while the
new. il on them In the early morning
they arr. more wholesome and have q
better flavor. ssa
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
Farm a.,
Garden
PLANT PROTECTION.
Ways of Shielding Them From the Hot,
Direct Rays Of the Midday Sun.

Direct Rays Of The Midday Sun.
If plants are not protected from high
winds and too much sun they will not
flourish, especially in the early stages
Of their growth. This is particularly
true Of the plants in the vegetable gar
den, and fortunately there are many
easy and simple methods of providing
them with shade. Empty soap boxes
raised Oh blocks, empty fruit baskets.
rolls of carpet and mating spread out
on supports to look like awnings may
all be used. Old mattings " carpets
that have seen their best days may en-
joy a new lease Of life as plant 0
erings. The great thing is to cover
the plants so that they will be shady.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
NEWS OF NoTFb PERSONS

Associate Justice David j. Brewer
Of the United States supreme court,
In an address at Clark college COM
mencement at Worcester, Mass, de-
clared that the restraining power of
the court Of equity SHOULD be en-
hrged and not diminished" and that
to restrict this power Of the court is
a step backwards towards barbar-
Ism"
Secretary Taft had a narrow escape
from being involved in a serious
wreck on the Pennsylvania flyer,
which was carrying him East. Prompt
action of the tower man In q signal
station q Coshocton, @, and Of the
engineer Of the flyer alone averted
what might have been 2 dreadful
wreck. 4A I
President Roosevelt and family
have arrived ct Oyster Bay for the
si,llmmAr. *sEs ssS sss
~IE-g tSttT sE1Er ~ LIflE al ~.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
Alfalfa and Water.

To grow alfalfa we must first Of all
provide a soil which is dry by nature
or which is underdrained. II we dig
q post hole four feet deep and find wa
ter we may know that alfalfa will not
grow there. There Is an old saying
which expresses this, Alfalfa wifi not
grow with wet feet" Though 1t seeks
water in a deeper soil and the roots
penetrate very deeply indeed in an old.
Geld, we must not expectsit to grow
where the water rises to within four
feet of the surface.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
snraxinu Potato Vines.

The number of sprayings 1t will be
necessary to give potatoes depends
somewhat upon the season. If rainy
weather prevails it will be necessary
to spray more frequently than If it be
comparatively dry, not only because
the rain viii wash the spray material
off the vines, but also because damp
weather is favorable to the develop
ment Of the disease. A good general
rule is to begin spraying when the
vines are about six inches high and
spray every ten days or two weeks
Throughout the season.-W. j. Green.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
Early Tomatoes.

A truck gardener tells that this is
the way he raised early tomatoes: He
took a dry goods box 2 by 3 feet
and eight inches deep. In each corner
Of the box he set a piece Of two inch
pipe, so that he could water the plants
from the. bottom, pouring in the water
and letting it permeate through the.
soil, which was composed Of a sandy
loan put into the box after the bottom
had been covered to the depth of three
inches with well rotted and sifted sta.
BILE manure The seeds were planted
and lightly covered and the soil kept
moist, but not, wet. In n week
after planting the green tops appeared.
and in three weeks they were trans
planted into a similar box, being
set an inch deeper than they grew
in the nrst box. They grew in the
box in sheltered places for three
weeks, when they were ready for the
garden.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
Doctors, Bills.

Who, having obtained an honest bill
for the medicine, will wish to have
particulars OF the Doctors profession
al services?" Imagine a bill made up
with such nicely as this: ITO count
ing pulse. sixpence; to viewing tongue.
threepence; to asking four questions
three i%rrelevant), fourpence; to telling
patients to say 'ninety-nine,' eight
pence; to medicine, Is. 3d.; to bottle,
twopence; to label, 1 penny; total,
3s. 6d."-Yorkshire Observer.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
DELEGATES UNRESTRICTED
Georgia Democrats in Convention at
Atlanta,

Atlanta, Ca, June 24.-At the DEM
ocratic state convention an effort was
made through a resolution to endorse
Thomas r.. Watson for vice president
on the Democratic ticket. The reso-
luton was voted down. The conven-
ton adjourned after electing delegates
10 the national convention and adopt
ing a platform declaring for the con-
inuance of the enforcement Of prohi-
pition and strict railroad regulation in
Georgia. The entire ticket as nom
mated at the primary was endorsed
and becomes the party ticket at the
election in November. This ticket is
headed by Joseph NJ. Brown for gov
ernor. \
The entire delegation goes to Den.
YER u~ninstructed.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
WASHINGTON NEWS.

Under the provisions of a resolution
adopted recently by the senate Secre-
tary Straus has arranged for a thor.
ough investigation Of the operations
of the telegraph companies of the
country. The inquiry will extend into
the receipts and expenditures of the
companies, the wages they pay, the
conditions of their employees, the
hours of labor and other matters per-
tanning to the operation of the COM
panies.
In language that cannot be mistaken
the president and Secretary Taft have
notified the Panama government thai
elections in that republic must be con-
Quoted fairly. The circumstances at
, tending. the warning were given out
for publication as If in preparation
for active Intervention on the part Of
the United States by the use of what
ever force shall be necessary to make
1t effective.
In accordance with the suggestion
made by the governors at their con-
! ference at the White House in May
the president has appointed a national
conservation commission to consider
and advise him On questions relating
to the conservation Of the natural re-
sources of the country.
Secretary Cortelyou has received In
an envelope, ~postmarked Jersey City,
a conscience contribution of $4,000,
which has been turned into the con-
science fund of the treasury.
The war department has issued or
ders for the immediate abandonment
of Fort KeOmh. Mont
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
Savoy Cabbage.

Savoy leaved cabbages r largely
used in Europe. They r marked by
a peculiar fine crumbling Of all the
leaves. particularly those of the head
They IRE generally of better table.
quality than common cabbage, more
tender, finer In texture and OF more
delicate favor. The plants are better
able to resist cold, but do not give 50
large q yield of heads. and the heads
are less solid and cannot be- handled
so well as the more common sorts,
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
news Of THE WORLD
Important Events Of the Week
in Condensed Form.
REPUBLICAN CONVENTION.

William H. Taft Of Ohio was NOM
mated for president on the first ballot,
receiving 7O2 votes. Roosevelt re.
ceived 3 votes, Foraker 16, Fairbanks
40, Cannon 81, La Toilette rs, Hughes
&c and Knox 6S. The nomination oc-
cured at the end of an eight-hour ses-
sion devoted to the adoption Of the
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
Different Opinions,

II see a man intends to let y rattle
snake bite him and depend. on prayer
for a cure. | call that faith"
II call 1t cruelty to animals unless
somebody's going to pray for the snake
after it's bitten such a tool as that
Philadelphia Ledger.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
WILLIAM H. TAFT.

platform and the nominating and Sec
onding speeches. Following the
speech of Congressman Burton nam.
ing Taft the convention broke into a
wild demonstration lasting twenty
five minutes.
The platform adopted by the Repub.
lican national convention provides for:
Strengthening of country's monetary
system; tariff revision along protec-
tive lines and establishment of max
imum and minimum rates; establish
ment of postal savings banks to in
crease stability of banking and cur
rency system; free interchange OF
products with the Philippines, with
protection for domestic industries;
amendment of Sherman antitrust law;
provision to allow railroads to form in
offensive traffic agreements; federal
supervision of railroad stock and bond
issues; tightening of the burdens of
those who toll; rural mail, good roads
and attractive homes for the farm
ers; limitation Of the use of the in
junction in labor disputes; square deal
for the negro; conservation of natural
resources; effective army and navy;
continued peace with the world; re-
vival of the merchant marine; preser-
walton of peoples health; liberal pen
sions for the old soldiers; continue
ton of all good Republican policies
that aim to build up a greater Amer
ica."
Th@ rv4o%Aek $rlh,,$o aryo,r onnnr1o1
an American citizen in a political
gathering was given Theodore Roose-
welt on the second day of the conven-
tion. For f~orty-seven minutes the del
egatess and spectators cheered the
name and achievements of the presi-
dent in the face of the most positive
and authoritative that he
would not accept denomination at the
hands OF. the convention.
The following are the Northwestern
members of the new national Repub-
lican committees: Iowa, Ernest E.
Hart; Michigan, John w. Blodgett;
Minnesota, Frank B. Kellogg; Mon
tana, Thomas G. Marshall; North Ds-
kota, James Kennedy; South Dakota,
Thomas Thorson; Wisconsin, Alfred
G. Rogers.
James S. Sherman of New York,
for many years a Republican leader in
the lower house Of congress, was NOM
mated for vice president by the Re-
publican national convention on the
first ballot. He received SIG votes, to
IS for Guild of Massachusetts and ~
for Murphy of New Jersey.
The proposition to reduce the rep
resentation of states to a basis of Re-
publican votes cast by those states
was defeated in the convention by a
vote Of 500 to All. The debate on the
matter brought before the convention
some of the best known orators in the
party.
The report of the committee on Gre
aentials seating Taft delegates in all
contests was adopted by the conven-
ton without debate. The committee
devoted fourteen hours to.hearing the
contests.
Elmer Dover. Of Ohio has been re-
elected secretary of the Republican
natinnal committee. sS
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
ADVANTAGE Of Credit,

my big sister has a beau"
"So's mine, but l don't like him."
know what my sister d do II |
didn't like her beau?"
mo. What'd she do?"
"She'd send him back and get him
changed, cause we've got a charge ac-
count at the store he comes FROM
Newark Evening Star.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-03
The Nuts.

"She has no friends to speak Of"
"Good heavens! What does she talk
notwithstanding Times.