davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1908-10-25
Literary Lights and Shadows
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1s1

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 13.) tiful region of the far north, known as the Qui Appelle valley
 The young lady of this story was away off in the far north, thinking of the fu- ture, and she was worried no little bit who can blame her, with the vital sta- tstics" published in the press daily on the divorce mll-as to whether she, the charming young woman, had not better hesitate as 1t were, before tying herself up for life with her fiancee, "The One" This young person gave the matter much though--sensible young person, it's pity more thought isn't given to such pre- matrimonial alliance periods. There were times, too, when this thoughtful young person was not conscious of any undying love for ''The One,' and she wanted to be-naturally-so she worked over 1t in her mind and put the result of all her mental strivlngs in the book mentioned above.
 But after a bit the young person saw the light she had decided correctly in accepting "The One," and we are now permitted to see just the line of thought through which she strived in reaching this conclusion
 The book is a light, bright piece of work. not all love-business, for in 1t we read lot of very pretty descriptive mat ter. 'The One and r. will please.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1908-10-25

'The Diva's Ruby" by Marion F. Craw-
 ford. CThe Macmillan Co)
 This book is a complete novel, but it is the sequel to Fair Margaret and The Prima Donna" It is entertaining the very end, because MT. Crawford Is born story teller. The plot, which in- cludes all the characters appearing in the two previous books, parts of this tri- ology, describes the theft of a ruby and the pursuit of beautiful and brilliant woman by two men of vigor and re- sourcefulness, and Is sufficiently compll- cated and defined to keep the reader thoroughly awake.
 MT. Crawford has written something like 40 or 50 novels in 25 years and when one takes into consideration such an output from his literary factory, one can but wonder that he produces anything at all that is readable. This book is not in the same class with MT. Isaacs' and many others from MT. Crawford, and from the standpoint of literature it is distinctly inferior.
 As soon as a book from MT. Crawford comes out in book form. quickly one will notice another new story running serially in a prominent magazine. He has just sent "The Dva's Ruby out. and in the Delineator there is another beginning. chine-nothing like him in any place, with the possible exception of the Will iamsons, who have not been in the "bus- mess" as long MT. Crawford-but just give them time-thats all!
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
HISTORY ON MANS SKIN.
Piece OF Artlstic F@4t0OtH@ Re-
Veaisd By an Arrest Of tho
Paris Police.

A remarkable life story is reported
from Lyons. In consequence of com
plant lodged by local butcher, a
young man. OF weak and miserable ap-
pearance. was arrested for theft. He
protested that he was innocent of the
charge. and that he had never before
been in the hands OF the police. says a
Paris report 10 the Chicago Inter
Ocean. To prove the truth Of nv
statement" he continued, barring his
breast. look at this. and see whether
it would not be easy TO establish my
identity"
The young fellow having stripped to
the waist. it was found that his body
was entirely tattooed with historical
scenes. which included the murder OF
the Due de Guise and the death of Pres
ident Carnot
The mans life story was as remark
able as the rest. Son of the wife of A
superior officer in the French army.
and born out Of Weciock at MarseiIles.
he was placed by his mother with a
woman in that town. who received GO
francs month for some years for his
keep. Mterward he served on several
coasting vessels as cooks boy. where
lie met former student of the Beaux.
Arts school. who was also in difficult
tles' and who tattooed his body in a
most artistic manner.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
RICH ORE IN PIXIES PEAK,
H'1IAG Company Well Paid for Bor-
lag Mae HundF~d Feet late
Mountain

The hrst strike Of any Importance
ever made on Pixies peak is the one
just discovered in the tunnel of the Oil
Creek Mining company OF Cincinnati
The mountain has been proSpected for
years and is supposed by many to be
the starting point OF the rich leads
found in Cripple Greek. but surface
work has never disclosed any ore. BY
running a tunnel into the very heart
of the mountain. however, the Oil
Creek company has opened a three-foot
vein of $50 ore and pockets carrying
fabulous values. The tunnel is now in
900 feet under Pixies peak. Work was
begun in March, 1896 At that time
there Was no ore in sight. and nothing
hut theory to warrant the eNpendi-
tue of money. George II. Bohrer, pres
ident OF the German national bank of
Cincinnati. is also president of the Oh.
Greek Mining company. George Kreis
il secretary and J. K. Pictou is treas
urer.
The utmost secrecy is maintained by
the interested parties.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
FOR WHOLESOME MEATS.
What the Bureau of Animal Industry
Is Doing 10 Protect AaImAL@
aAA the Public.

DIR. f. D. Salmon, chief of the bureau
of animal industry OF the agricultural
department, reviewed before the in
dustrisi commission the work of the de-
partment in controlling contagious dis
eases Of animals in the United States
and the prevention Of importation or
expectation of contagion. To prevent
this importation he said that quaran-
tame stations have been established
along the Atlantic coast at New York.
Boston and Baltimore and along the
Mexican and Canadian borders In
spectors, he said, recently have sent 10
Great Britain and Canada 10 make tn
berculOn tests. so that diseased animals
may be rejected before shipment. He
pointed out that meat inspection has
been established at the principal pack
ing houses TO guard against the inter
state and foreign shipment OF diseased
meat He recommended that the secre-
tary OF agriculture be authorized to or
der the cleansing and disinfectiOn OF
stock cars and stockyards when neces-
sary, and to prevent the shipment of
unexpected meat from state TO state
OF to foreign countries.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
FAST BECOMING EXTINCT.
S~@iirN' IAa~stry On the Cs1Aza&adsE
@Ad WaIrUs Islands Not what
IL Used to BE.

The secretary Of the treasury has
been advised that during the ensuing,
month Of February the farming out
Of the seal hunting on the Commander
and Walrus islands. in the arctic sea,
will take place al Khabarovsk. in East
Siberia. Russia. in which enterprise
many English companies are said 70
be interested. II is doubtful. it is said
whether the proposed disposition OF
this crown property will bring the
price it formerly did. in view of the
enormous destruction OF seal life dur
ing the past ten years, which has great
~ decreased the catch.
The governor of East Siberia has
reported that in 1896 the number of
seals caught on the Commander ia
lands was 54.591; in 1892. only 10000
were caught; in 1898 the total was
$4,000: in 1898 the number was 1925.
and last year only about 1000 skins
were secured.
The situation is said 70 be the same
as regards the catch on Walrus is
land. AT the beginning of the nineties
the yearly catch was 1000. II is now
only about 300. The treasury officials
believe the time is fast approaching
when the fur seal will be almost ex-
tinct in the region referred to.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
STILL WILD AND WOOLLY.
Oregon Man Makes Another Dance
Lively Jig TO the rims OF
S4xshoOter. "A

4 weird story of the Jesse James
stripe comes from the Starkey prai-
rie country. far southeast of Port
land. Ore, in little agricultural
/ valley in the Blue mountains. II tells
of Starkey prairie resident COM
| PEELED to dance clog in the dark
ness at the point OF cleaning bar
| rel of 4 neighbours revolver. while
| stimulated constantly TO greater eff
| forts by the whistle OF bullets past
| his ears ard about his feet
I There has been i'll feeling for ser-
eral weeks on Star'1ey prairie over
series of dog killings. Neighbor,
/ suspected each other of the poison
ings and lot of bad blood was en-
gendered. Little meannesses began
To De practiced. the latest of which
was 10 tie bulldog of pronounced
vicious tendencies on a Starlfey prsi-
signed to scare a young team OF
horses.
It was \ settler named Wilkinson
who fell into the trap. Wilkinson
drove directly on the bridge, when
the bulldog began TO operate. with
the result that he nearly had serious
trouble with his colts. Wilkinson
settled in his mind the author of the
trick Immediately. and drove straight
TO the house of Henry Bean Bean,
ne thought. was the transgressor.
Calling Bean 70 the door. WiI&ir-
son had him covered before he could
escape. and clog dance was ordered
The eloquence of the six-Shooter in
duced compliance aud the suspected
bulldog operator began awkwardly
to shuttle. Faster" ordered Wilkir-
son. and as bullet sang startlingly
near the feet commonly more famil-
lar with the road behind the plow
than the dance hall floor they re-
sponded crudely. Finally Wilkinson
let his victim off with the admoni-
tion to keep his bulldog at home
Then he compelled him. al the
pistols point. TO come clear TO Viii
kinson's home. The method of
transportation was not stated. but
il is said Bean had to continue dane
ing ut intervals clear across the nrai-
rie. At Wilkinson's place he was
forced TO sign q note making over
$7j TO Wilkinson in this deal Then
Bean was released altogether.
Bean says he will not stand for
this treatment. He il not such a
pistol artist as his neighbOr, says a
Spokane Falls (Wssh.l Spokesman
Review special, so he has employed a
lawyer to help him out and legal ac-
tion will result.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
THEY TOOK NO SOUP.
In che Early Days OF the RepubIIo
IL Wa Food for InVaIida
OuIF.

Serving dinner in courses is COM
paratiyely modern fashion. first in
PRODUCED IN diplomatic circles in
Washington. D. C.. and initiated from
France. Up u the date Of President
Folks administration the course din
ner among Americans had made No
further progress than that of serv-
ing fish and soup separately. Soup
was considered such foreign friD-
perry that note written by Gen.
Winfield Scott. in which he explained
that he was Just sitting down Ia a
hasty plate Of soup" covered him
with such Tidcu.e as to materially
contribute To his defeat as a candi-
date for the presidency. SAYS L.lpDin-
colts. Soup IN the early days OF the
republic was considered Is food for
inTalils OF poor people only; later.
when the social splendors Of the
court Of Empress Eugene attracted
rich Americans in fiucks To Paris.
French table manners and custom
pushed the old English dinner fash
ions u the wall. 1t is doubtful. how
ever. II soup ever found place on
the dinner table N the wealthy
Maryland or Virginia planter. unless
green turtle. which was really a
stew, might be so called
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
DIVORCE IN THE DISTRICT.
so=e Causes Showing whereIa the
New Law Differs from the
OId Ons.

Attention was recently called by a
prominent out-of-town newspaner
to the novel spectacle" offered TO
observers By the rush for divorces in
TINS city, relates the Washington
star. IL was asserted that the spe-
cialist lawyers of Washington had
advised lower rates for the remainder
on the year. the chief cause for the
rush. however, being ascribed TO the
prospect of divorce law much less
liberal than the present one going
into effect the second Of January.
Under the provisions OF the existing
statute as interpreted by sympathet-
&c courts, 50 the writer referred TO
declares, cold feet, chronic dyspepsia
or habit of bringing friends home
TO dinner on wash days are sufficient
grounds for a decree with liberal ali
mony at the present time here at the
capital Of the nation.
In view of the foregoing. il may be
of interest TO specify just what the
law now in force provides. A divorce
from the bond Of marriage may be
granted in any OF the following
causes:
Where such marriage was contract
ed while either OF the parties there
70 had former wife or husband liv-
ing. unless the former marriage had
been lawfully dissolved and no re-
straint imposed on the party con-
tracing such second marriage.
Where such marriage was con-
tracted during the lunncy of either
party.
Where either party was matrimo-
nially incapacitated at the time OF
the marriage.
Where either party has committed
adultery during the marriage.
For habitual drunkenness for a
period of three years of the party
complained against.
For cruelty OF treatment. endan-
gering the life or health of the pal
complaining.
For willful desertion and abandon
ment by the party complained Of
against the party complaining for
the full uninterrupted space of two
years.
\ divorce from bed and board may
be granted for either of the follow
ing causes:
Cruelty of treatment. endangering
the life or health of one of the par
ties.
Reasonable apprehension, 70 the
satisfaction of the court, OF bodily
harm.
Under the provisions of the rev
code of law divorce from the bond
of marriage may BE- granted only
where one of the parties has commit
ted adultery during the marriage.
In such cases the innocent party
only may remarry. Nothing is CON
tanned in the law 70 prevent the re-
marriage of the divorced parties to
each other.
Legal separation from bed and
board. under the code. may be grant
ed for drunkenness, cruelty and de-
sertion.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
LUEACY ON THE INCREASE.
A Swediah Professor says That Edu-
Gated Women Are the chIet
Victims

Hermann Lundborg. OF the great
Swedish lunatic asylum al Upsaln.
says that iunscy is increasing among
Swedish women and more especially
among the educated classes. In the
lower classes insanity is brought on
chiefly by the cares OF life or intern
perluce. but in the educated woms n
the main cause, he contends. is their
education
DIR. Lundborg emphatically asserts
that the forced training 10 which this
class of women submit themselves is
most hurtful.
1T is mouSt-ous," he says. ito sub
Jet women 20 this competition, and
if the competition does not cease eff
fects upon future generations will be
disastrous"
DR. LundbOrg states that the Swed-
ish who have been educated in acade-
mics have remarkably small families
when they have any and that in too
many cases their family relations are
unhappy owing 10 their inability to
discharge household duties.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
KING EDWARDS HEIGHT.
FROM rhis Extract 1t MaT he Drawm
Th@t HIS Majesty lie Aboat
FtVs-BOOt-sIK.

Why people should make bets on
matter about which they have no
information, and then ask me TO de-
eide them without ascertainin,
whether l know any more than they
do. IS one of the mysteries Of edi-
torial life. says writer in London
Truth. Here is the latest example q
this singular practice:
Sir: / should esteem IL a favor n
you will kindly answer in your Truth
columns or privately. what the
height Of King Edward VII is. as two
papers have already been written to.
and they decidedly Disagree. one stat
ing five feet Ave and One-half inchea.
and the other Ave feet four inches.
and l shall. therefore. take your
measurement as authentic, etc"
One might have supposed that his
previous experience would has.
shaken this gentleman'a confidence in
editorial infallibility. Why did he
not write TO the kings tailor?
have never had occasion TO take his
majesty's measure. But if my guess
Is 10 decide the knotty point. [
guess Ave feet seven inches. No
doubt plenty of people will be ready
to correct this of hand; but 1 do
not believe 1 can be more than half
an inch out either way. Certainly
both the figures given above are IN
der the mark.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
DISTRIBUTION OF SEED.
OeiAV~4 BY the FAlIurs 10 work 81
hhs FiIiiAG and seHIia@
Maoba nary.

considerable delay is being ooca-
honed in the congressional seed dis
trlbution by the failure OF the filing
ana sealing machinery to work as il
was expected 10 do. The invention i,
a ne" one. and not yet in a state OF
perfection. but it is thought that the
inventor. who spends his time in the
plant, will be able TO have il in Oood
working order in the next few DAYS.
just now the work Of filing s4aIiro
and ranking the bags is being done
by hand as rapidly az possible, and
some orders are being gotten out for
the localities in which planting frst
occurs.
IL Is thought by the contractors that
the plant. which is conveniently To-
Gated near the post office will he in
1uiI working order in the next few DAYS.
ana that, even with the present DELAY
and the extra appropriation. the work
VIII be completed much more rauidly
than ever before.
Some fear is entertained bv sona
congressman lest Secretary Wilson'S
test for termination is too high and
thal he is paying too much attention
TO the scientific character OF the sun
ply, and thus materially retardinR the
distribution. The congressmen frank
" confess that it is the quantity and
speed Of the distribution for which
they care more than for the quality.
and already they are making uneasy
calls at the plant where the seeds are
being handled and 10 the seed division
OF the agricultural department.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
CUSTER ENCAN1PMENT NO. 10

LIST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.
Regular Sunday Notwithstanding
at II a. III. and 1880 p. N. Sunday
School at Up. m.
Bible Class-Tuesday 7:30 p. IN.
Prayer Meeting &C. E.)-Thursday
1880 p. m.
Junior g. E.-Thursday p. M.
Women's Missionary Society Mon
thly-Srd Wednesday.
ALLEN j. HOAR. Pastor.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11

Two American cities. aud only two.
have no mayors. They are Washing
ton and Pittsburg. Washington is
governed by district commissioners
and Pittsburg. under the "ripper act. :"
has g recorder.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
Not aAe sprs~d-EawLe KtHa.

The eagles distributed by the En-
peror William. says the Milwaukee
Sentinel. are not the kind that made
West Point famous.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11

Officers OF the Village OF ChaIIia.
TRUSTEES.
Joseph Rodgers-Chairman.
Charles Waddletou-Treas
William Buster. 4. ]. Kerr, d. D Drake.
Clerk--W. J. Lamme.
Aarshal-Eenry Horton.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
TERMS OF COURT.

Fol owing are the terms of Court of
the 9th Judicial District for 1908
Bingham County.
Feb. 3------ May 49, -- Oct. &c
Custer County.
April g. September IA
Fremont County.
March Q June Nov. %
Lemhi County.
April --------------- September %
JAMES NJ. STEVENS, Judge.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11

London's debt. including the sums
owing by the city corporation, now
reaches the sum of s 50.S64,O19.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
|'ESES@9gE9* :9 g@gg
8GHALL|S HOI SPRINGS
* "a AAiaiOOgg
MRS. e. F. KIRK, Prop

This Popular aud Health Restoring Resort is situated
miles east of Challls on Salmon River These wal
ers are OF good temperament for bathing and pos
sess strong medicinal properties.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
STATE.

SUPREME COURT.
James F. Ailshie,
/. n. Sullivan,
George II. Stewart.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11

JUDGE OF 9Th DISTRICT.
James NJ. Stevens.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1908-08-11
CUSTER COUNTY.

CUSTER COUNTY.
State Senator Ravenel Macbeth
representative ~ Nathan H. Clark
Probate Judge Jesse G. Finnell
Clerk CORTLAND NJ. Henderson
treasurer FIJI j. Clyde
Sheriff ------------R Robert Morrison
Assessor -------- Reuben H. Ewing
School Supt Miss Jennie E. Kelleher
County Attorney - VIM. J. Lamme
GOTOner Joseph L. Ebberts
Surveyor -----V Valentine Maelzer
COmmissioners-(D Dist II John Pushaw
End Dist. Robert Cam pbell
Bird Dist. John H. Greene
Daily Kennebec journal., 1908-11-06

TO new YORK.
MAINE STEAMSHIP COMPANY


Will sell round trip tickets. on sailing
days only, between Portland ard New
York. Sept. Sth to Nov 21st inclusive. for
800, limited to ten days; staterooms and
berths (fcr which reservation may be
made in advance) and meals extra. The
months of October and November are
ideal for a visit to the metropolis for
either business or pleasure.
Sailings from Franklin Wharf, Portland
Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at
600 p NJ. Take your AUTOMOBILES
with you; reasonable rates quoted on ap-
plcation One way fare $500. round trip
season ticket SO. For tickets reserva-
tions and descriptive folders apply to H.
A. CLAY, Agent Franklin Wharf. Port
land, Me. Tel. 800.
sept7dtf
Daily Kennebec journal., 1908-11-06
EASTERN STEAMSHIP COMPANY


PASSENGER DEPARTMENT
Circular i3-oS.
Boston, Mass, November 8, 1908.
DlScONTlNUANCE OF SERVICE
KENNEBEC DIVISION.
TO Ticket Agents, Pursers ana Connect
ing Lines:
Service via the Kenncbec Division will
be discontinued for the season after Mo-
vemEer 7th
Final trips will be made az follows:
From Boston Friday, November 9Th.
From Augusta and Gardiner Saturday,
November 7th
BOoTHBAY DIVISION
Service effective commencing Monday.
November 9th.
Steamer will leave Boothbay HGrbor at
7.45 A. ~, for Eath and intermediate
landings as follows:
Mondays. Wednesdays and Friuays via
Five Islands: Tuesdays, Thursdays and
Saturdays via Sawyer's Island.
Returning steamer will leave Bath at
2.45 2. NJ, for Boothbay Harbor and In
termediate landings as follows:
Mondays. Wednesdays and Fridays via
Five Islands: Tuesdays, Thursdays and
Saturdays via SaWyers Island.
Please be governed accordingly in the
sale of tickets and checking of baggage
via the Kenncbec and Boothbay Divisions.
c. 9. BROWN, General Passenger Agent.
apr13dtf
Daily Kennebec journal., 1908-11-06
Railroads and Steamboat
MAINE CENTRAL R. Z.
In Effect Oct. 5, 1908


Trains leave Augusta as follows:
GOING WEST-3.11 A. NJ. except Mon'
day. Portland and Boston; 6;S6 A n
Lewiston, Pennington. Rangeley, ,Rocks
land, Portland. Boston. Montreal ano
Quebec: $50 A. NJ, Brunswick, Lewiston
Pennington, Rockland, Portland, Boston. !.
305 F. NJ, local, 3.55 P. NJ. (eXpresSl
Brunswick Rockland. Portland, Boston;
lis p NJ. Portland; 10. .43 P. NJ. Lewiston
Bath, Portland. Boston. Sundays 9oy a
NJ, 393 and 10 43 P. NJ. Portland Boston
GOING EAST-125s A. NJ. SkoWhsgan
Bangor. Bar Harbor. st. John. Hahia1
Aroostook. Sunday morning does no'
connect for Skowhegan. or beyond Ban
gur: 309 A. NJ. (eXpress) Bangor, Ca!ais
and Bar Harbor; sos A. NJ, local to BEL
fast. Foycroft ard Bangor; Soy a n
local to Belfast and Bangor; 12.oS P: M.
Waterville, Foxcroft, Bangor, B. g. A.
R.. Calais. st. John, and Halifax: ~
P, NJ, (express) Waterville: banSoI,
Bar Harhor, go P. NJ, Watervtlle. Bin8'
ham. Skowhegan, Belfast. FoxcroII
Bangor and Mattawamkeag; III +. NJ.
Waterville and Skowhegan; S.l7 a. M,
Sundays Cnly, Bangor.
Accommodation extra trains leave Au'
gusta for Hallowell. GARDINER and e
Gardiner at 740 A. NJ, 1.25. 80. Glib +.
MORRIS MCDONALD. V. p. ana y
F. =. BooTHBY, G. p. A.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1908-11-06
lE!44$s5z>
- ;S|'|s pad

TIME TABLE SHOWING THE TnD
AT WHICH TRAINS ARE DUE 10
ARRIVE AND DEPART.
In effect October s. 1908.
Pullman Car Service.
Sleeping Car between Boston and carl
bou on trains scheduled to leave Boson
at 1000 P. NJ, and Caribou at 80 - -
Sleeping Car between Boston and GREEN
Vile on train scheduled to leave Boston
at 10 90 P. NJ, ana Greenvlle at 100 r. -.
Dining Car Service.
Dining Car on train scheduled to leave
Bangor at 500 A. NJ. Returning on train
due at Bangor 210 P. NJ.
TRAINS SCHEDULED TO LEAVE
BANGOR.
500 A NJ, For Greenville, Kineo ana ~
Aroostook Co. stations.
SIS A. NJ, For Searsport and lntefme'
diate stations
2.f0 F. NJ. For Aroostook County
42O P. NJ, For Greenville, Searsport ana
intermediate stations
TRAINS DUE AT BANGOR
715 A. Nj, From Searsport and interme-
s.45 A. NJ, From Greenville and interns
diate stations.
210 r. NJ, From Aroostook County.
320 +. NJ, From Searsport and interno.
diate stations
1O45 P. M. From Asoostook County.
Kineo, Greenville and intermediate sta
W. NJ BROWN GEO. M HouGHToN
f9enl Stunt paes'r ''~o"t" M1'