davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
CRIMINAL NEWS.

The mystery of the theft of $173,00
from the United States sub.treasury
at Chicago a year and a half ago, one
of the largest losses the government
has ever suffered in this manner, is
believed to have been solved by the
arrest of George w. Fitzgerald. 9th
ers are believed to have been impli.
Gated in the crime, which for months
completely baf1ed government secret
service men.
John p. Reid, who committed sui
eide in England, was a fugitive from
justice from Columbus, o., having
been indicted for assault on his own
daughter. He was a wealthy contractor
and fed the country after his indict-
ment.
Mrs. Ida Spooner, a widow Of Pough-
keepsie. N. Y, while temporarily in
sane, gave her four children NOR
phine and attempted to shoot herself.
One child is dead and two are in q
serious condition.
D. Kissel, manufacturer of automo-
biles at Hartford, Wis, and a member
Of the Hartford Plow company, was
shot and killed by John Gerber, an
enraged employee of the Kissel COM
pany stores.
One more victim was added to the
death list of the Springfield (Ill.) mob
when J.. w. Scott succumbed to a gun
shot wound in the lungs. SCOTS death
brings the total to six.
Jewels valued at more than $4,000
have been stolen from a secret treas.
ure room in the mansion of Commo-
dore Frederick G. Bourne at Oak
dale, L. ].
Mrs. Mary Cassidy of Chicago, while
temporarily insane. shot and instantly
killed her husband, John Cassidy, and
then shot herself, probably fatally.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
OF The WORLD.
Important Events Of the Week
in Condensed Form.
POLITICAL NEWS.

Chairman Hitchcock Of the Repub.
1ican national committee has an
nounced the appointment of the fol
lowing men as members Of the adj
vispry committee: Richard A. Bal
linger, state Of Washington; Cornelius
N. Bliss, New York; Powell Clayton,
Arkansas; w. Murray Crane, Massa.
chusetts; William Nelson Cromwell,
New York; John Hayes Hammond,
Massachusetts,; Franklin Murphy, New
Jersey; Charles p. Taft, Ohio; Arthur
!. Vorys, Ohio.
That every one Of the candidates
for the presidential nomination whose
name was presented to the Chicago
convention will speak during the ma
tional campaign in support of Taft
and Sherman is the expectation Of
Frank H. Hitchcock, chairman of the
Republican national committee.
At a conference at Sycamore Hill
attended by President Roosevelt,
Chairman Hitchcock and other Repub.
ltcan leaders it was agreed that Gov
ernor Hughes of New York should be
renominated for that position by the
Republicans of that state.
Announcement was made by Gen
eral Dupont, director of the speakers
bureau at the Republican national
headquarters, that Governor Hughes
has offered his, services as speaker
during the campaign and that2the offer
had been accepted.
The Republican speaking campaign
in the West will not be opened until
about Sept. 15. That date was agreed
upon at a conference of political lead
.ers with Chairman Frank H. Hitch
cock of the Republican national COM
mittee.
In a speech at Hot Springs, Va,
William H. Taft answered Mr.. Bry-
ans campaign slogan, "Shall the peo-
pie rule?" by declaring that "the peo-
pie have ruled through the Repub-
lican party"
At Music hall in Chicago, in the
presence of a large and enthusiastic
audience, Eugene w. Chain of Chi
cago accepted the nomination for the
presidency by the Prohibition party.
Governor John A. Johnson was re-
nominated by reclamation by the Min
nesota Democratic state convention at
Minneapolis following a demonstration
lasting about an hour.
William j. Bryan opened his cam.
paign for the presidency in a speech
at Des Moines, Ia, his subject being
the tariff.
Senator Thomas G. Plat is out
against the denomination of Charles
e. Hughes for governor of New York.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28

Ill were out Aug. 1s. The larvae were
grown and began pupating Sept. Is.
The first adult emerged In confinement
Sept. 90, and others continued to come
forth until Oct. 2. In 1893 larvae in
confinement began to pupate Sept. s,
and all had pupated Sept. II. Sept
ID adults began to emerge and con-
tinue to come out until Sept. %. In
the latter part Of September Sept 20
and later the adults Of the second
brood emerge and place their eggs
about the trees. The female moth Is
wingless and after emerging does not
leave her loose silk cocoon. The eggs.
covered with frothy material. are
placed upon the outside Of this. where
they remain clinging to a twig or to
bark of the trunk. When leaves are
gone from the trees, q search Of plum
or apple trees in an orchard will al
most invariably show some of these
masses. A.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
Farm ana
Garden
FOES OF THE APPLE.
Some Little Known Pests Found In
American Orchards.

Some Little Known Pests Found In
American Orchards.
One of the reasons why the apple
leaf roller (Archips r%osaceana) has re.
ceived so little attention from the sci
entifc fruit growers is because it has
never existed in numbers sufficient tc
be regarded as a positive menace
Now, however, it seem to be largely
on the increase, and with the prospect
Of finding it added to the already toe
long list Of u apple tree pests it is
well to know something of it and what
is to be expected from it if it should
become plentiful.
The larvae are active, cylindrical
pale green or reddish brown insects
with a deep brown head and with the
first body division (prothorax) and first
two pairs Of jointed legs also deer
brown. The false legs are well de
veloped and are colored like the body
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
Russia,s Great Premier.

1t is beginning to be the belief of
Europe that at last Russia has a
prime minister whom everybody
trusts. Under the circumstances that
is a great good fortune for that rather
unfortunate country. Three years ago
the most dangerous symptom of the
Russian situation was that nobody
seemed to be able to trust anybody.
Any Russian in authority soon dem
onstrated that ne was unworthy of the
confidence of his fellows. Today NJ.
Stolypin is admitted universally to be
a brave man and a gentleman. Even
the reactionaries find it difficult to say
worse Of him than that he is "a
man conscientiously devoted to false
IDEALS" and that isn't very terrible.
NJ. Stolypin commands the confidence
Of the car, the support Of the douma
and the respect and admiration of the
entire cabinet He is a man without
nerves, endowed with a fine presence
and with great simplicity of manner.
William.T. Stead, who has been max
ing a study Of him, declares that he is
another Gladstone; that he has sue
ceeded in doing the two things indis-
pensable to the navigator-he has kept
deep water under his keel, and he is
making way steadily toward his de-
sired haven.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
MUSHROOM CULTURE.
Simple Methods That Mil Yield Rick
Returns. =

Simple Methods That Will Yield Rick
Returns. =
For mushroom growing a greenhouse
is not needed. Any building which
protects the crop from rain, wind and
cold will do. Mushrooms do best in a
moderate temperature, say from 40 to
Sc degrees. They are easily hurt by
drip. The air should be moist and
stationary, no drafts. Light is not
needed. They are really Il winter crop.
because it is easier to heat a struc-
ture than to cool it down. When warm
weather sets in insects often attack
the crop and ruin it. Generally the
first beds are prepared in September
or October and the last in March.
To make a mushroom bed use fresh
horse manure such as n would get
in a livery barn. 1t should be from
grain fed animals, bedded with hay
or straw. Sawdust or shavings are
not suitable. Shake out the coarsest
straw and throw the material into. Q
heap to. start heating. 4
1t should be moderately moist. nef
tucE wei uOI Ut I'LL uIS. dS bOOu III
heating has commenced fork the pile
over to prevent burning, and repeat
this three or four times every two
days. When the material assumes a
dark brown or blackish color and
smells rather sweet it is ready to form
into beds. These may be fifteen to
eighteen inches deep and Of any suita-
BILE width or length. Pack down firm
ly and wait three or four Gays to allow
relocating. Try with a thermometer,
and If not higher than SIS or 80 de-
grees insert spawn every ten or twelve
inches apart each way. Place the
spawn an inch or two deep and cover
the whole bed with a light dressing
Of loan, say two inches deep, to hold
heat and moisture, and form a firm
roofing place for the crop. Mushrooms
dislike to be watered; hence moisture
should be preserved rather than sup
piled.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28

A gas explosion in an English coal
mine recently killed seventy men,. Had
a little more money been expended for
proper ventilation by the owners and a
little more care been exercised by the
men in using safety lamps these work
ers would be alive today. While bet
ter sanitation and hygienic knowledge
are diminishing the death rate from
disease, deaths from accidents in
crease. Careless railroad operation
kills more men than a great battle.
Negligent factory equipment mains
thousands. The work of caring for
babies lives is commendable. Should
not the lives OF the fathers and moth
ers be equally safeguarded?
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
.sThe Devils,

New Workers. now may go to "The
Devil" every night ut two theaters.
The play is the work Of a Hungarian,
Franz Molnar, and, while it bears all
the earmarks of a~tnovice, 1t teens
with situations. forced at times and
at others so simple and natural that
1t gives promise of better work In the
future.
The play is declared to be SYM
bolism in modern garb. The devil ap-
pears as a highly polished gentleman
Of cynical wit and worldly philosophy
and is intended to represent the evil
side Of mans inner conscience persona
fed, while he never passes the line of
mortal possibility and might, after all.
be nothing more than a meddling Gym
ic. His victims are four normal MEM
bers of Viennese society, while the
only one who escapes his clutches is
already a social outcast.
One critic declares that it seems a
pAIS ludI SICuI AINo SuOulu NC SOh1-
PEELED to resort to such characters in
order to establish their greatness.
Why, he asks, do so many dramatists
assume that 'audacity is the greatest
attraction they can offer? Why does
nearly every writer in the dramatic
field assume that n particular crime
makes the most effective situations?
Why do they throw decency to the
winds and offer problems" which are
simple. common, >%nauseating and de-
PRAYED?
One Of the best things said. of the
late Bronson Howard was that his
plays We're always clean, and yet
many Of them were successes. Shaw.
Ibsen, Sudermann and their followers.
who have too often taken a contrary
course. have undoubtedly produced
plays that have been talked about, but
their success on the stage has been
ephemeral, in this country at least.
and a few representations have gener-
ally been sufficient unless some great
actress like Nazimova compels a longer
hearing through great h%istrionic ability.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
The American Woman.

According to the results OF the re
searches Of Professor Baldwin of Bos'
ton, critics of the American woman
have been saying very unkind things
about her Of late. The composite por-
trait Of her drawn by them looks
about like this to the professor:
The American woman is an all round
failure both before and after marriage.
She is idle" selfish" "extravagant,"
'superfcial." "discursive." restless"
'cowardly," shrinking" greedy" pam
pered." Spoiled" parasitic" capri
%cious." 'fmperious," ~"tyrannical," bra
featured ''conscienceless," "heartless."
without SEX and without humor."
This sweeping Indictment may apply
to an occasional American woman. but
not to the typical American woman.
She is by no means idle" for she
works as hard at home running the
household and caring for the children
as her husband works at the Office or
in the fields. She may be a trife
SELFISH in common with other NOR
tails of both sexes, but daily those
around her find her going without in
order that her loved ones may have
what they desire. Possibly she is tex
travagant," but if her American hus-
band shows a disposition to save
money she will do her share Of the
saving and more. If she be RESTLESS"
she but shares in the restlessness that
has made America the land of prog
ress and "get there" She may be
| "pampered," but she has been
Spoiled" She is not "cowardly," as
many a burglar has learned to his
cost, and as she is always to be found
behind every movement for decency
and for the relief of distress she can
hardly be charged justly with being
"heartless" and "conscienceless." If
she be a bit "capricious" and "imperi-
ous." these so called faults but add to
her charm, and. as for shrinking" and
aggressive" how can she be both?
She is neither "brazen," cloud voiced"
"hard featured nor parasitic" and
without sex" by no means applies to
her. She is a genuine woman from
the tips of her toes to her tortoise shell
combs and the very best type Of wo-
man the world has produced. To ac-
cuse her Of being without humor' is
to confess that one does not know her.
In conclusion. the typical American
woman is just as good as the typical
| American naan-and a little better.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
WASHINGTON NEWS.

A decided falling OFF in the immi-
grafton from all countries to the Unit
ed States for the month Of July last
is shown by figures compiled by the
bureau Of immigration and naturaliza.
tion. The total immigration to the
United States for the period men
toned was 27,57O, against 97,132 in
1907, a decrease Of ~ per cent.
With the single proviso that no mil.
itary occupation Of territory must oc-
cur the government at Washington is
understood to have given the govern
ment Of The Netherlands q free hand
to deal al it sees At with President
Castro Of Venezuela.
Hereafter all pensioners will be al
lowed the free use Of the mails to re-
turn their pension vouchers as the
result Of an order issued by Postmas-
ter General Meyer amending the pos
tai laws and regulations.
Two Of the West Point cadets ac-
cussd Of hazing have been dismissed
from the academy and the six others
have been suspended for 9 year with
out pay or allowances.
Colonel Goethals engineer In charge,
declares that the Panama canal can
he completed within five years and ct
much less cost than has been gener-
ally supposed.
n view OF the representations Of
theatrical managers Of the existence
EEITEf4%.. fflglaS &sxps.- 40 - <An~rArkhAG5A
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
UNFORTUNATE EVENTS.

In an explosion caused by a light
ming bolt, which set off a charge of
dynamite, two expert tunnel drivers
we're killed and another probably ia
tally injured while they worked far
under the surface of the earth in q
tunnel which had been driven q dis.
lance of 1900 feet into the mountain
side at Valley View, Pa.
John Gluek, a wealthy Minneapolis
brewer, and his wife were instantly
killed at Cottagewood, Lake Mime
tonka, in a. collision between their
automobile and a train on the Mime
apolis and st. Louis railway. Mrs.
Gluek's sister and the latter's two
year-old daughter were seriously In
jured.
Three sharp earthquake shocks,
which knocked down more than g
hundred chimneys, shattered about
forty plate glass windows in the busi-
ness portion broke much crockery IN
the houses and sent many people
scurrying from their beds into the
streets, occurred at Eureka. Cal.
The home Of Wofford Tweed on
Laurel mountain, near Marshall, N. G.,
was destroyed by fire and his wife.
their three children and Mrs. Murray
Tweed were burned to death and their
bodies cremated In the flames.
Six children are dead and two. 9TH
ers are burned so seriously that recov-
cry is doubtful at the HI. w. schultz
ranch between Colfax and Palouse,
Wash, resulting from q fire that de-
stroyed the home.
Forest fires. on Vancouver island are
increasing in every direction and the
latest reports indicate that several
settlements are threatened.
Three London (Ont.) firemen y
killed and q fourth was dangerously
hurt when the floors OF a burning
building fell upon them.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
FOREIGN NEWS.

The defeat of the sultan of Morocco,
Abdul Aziz, by the forces Of his
brother, Mulai Haid, has been con
frIned. The sultan Of record was ur-
prised on the night Of Aug. 10 and
most Of his troops deserted to the side
of the usurping sultan after the firing
OF a few shots. Mulai Hafid has been
proclaimed sultan of Morocco at Tan
g1er AMI announcement Of the procla-
nation has been te1egraphed to all
parts of the country.
The Norwegian. steamer Folge Fon-
den, from Bergen to Haugesund, on
the west coast of Norway, was
wrecked near Skoneviks and sank in
three minutes. The steamer carried
seventy passengers and it is believed
that forty of them were drowned.
A detachment of fifty men has left
Amsterdam to reinforce the garrison
maintained by Holland at Willemstad,
Curacao. The present strength of the
garrison is 10 officers and 1862 men
and there is a militia organization of
400 men.
The preparations for the celebra-
ton of Count Leo Tolstoi's birthday
on Sept. 9 are strongly disapproved
By the Russian government and some
of the authorities are bringing pres
sure to bear to check the celebration.
The celebration Of the seventy
eighth anniversary of the birth of En-
peror Francis Joseph was made the
occasion of patriotic festivities in
Vienna and throughout Austria and
Hungary.
The French war Office is in receipt
Of a telegram from General d'Amade,
commander of the French forces in
Morocco, that Morocco City has sur
rendered to Abdel Aziz, the sultan Of
record.
The Merchants association of Ma
Mia has started a movement to induce
President Roosevelt to visit the Phil
ippine islands either before or after
the big game hunting trip in Africa.
Seventy men were killed by an ex-
plosion in the Maypole coal mine near
! Wigan, Eng. Not a mar in the mine
at the time of the disaster escaped
alive.
Fully 100000 people greeted the
American %battleship fleet on it's ar
rival at Sydney, N. S. w.
The Belgian chamber Of deputies
has adopted the Congo annexation
treaty by SO votes to IS.
Fire destroyed 1000 houses in the
Stamboul quarter of Constantinople.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28

at the ends, the anterior margin
strongly arched at the base and a trife
incurved near the tip. The general
color Of the front wings and body is
al%utaceus, or leather color, with an
oblique dusky band beginning at the
middle of the anterior margin and ex-
tending to the inner angle Of the wing.
This mark may be obscure In old ex-
amples, but some trace Of 1t is gener-
ally present. It has given the species
the name oblique banded leaf roller,
used in some chronological writings.
The apex Of the front wings is occu-
pied by another dusky mark. The
outer half Of the hind wing Is pale
yellow, the inner half dusky.
Numerous other plants besides ap-
pie are attacked by this species. among
them clover, cotton. strawberry. rose
plum, birch. bean. honeysuckle, cherry
and others. The species occurs from
the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean.
Another threatened evil is the tus-
sock caterpillar, which seems to be
multiplying rapidly in middle west
II Ii u uEuI0 SulcI PAA1ohS
with two long tufts Of black hairs aris-
ing n at each side Of the first body
division prothorax) and a similar one
at the hind end Of the body. They
feed singiy and finally produce small
moths, the male broad winged. the fe.
male wingless.
The tussock caterpillar became
known to some American orchardists
for the first time during the summer
OF 1907. It was very common then.
working apparently in conjunction
with the fall webworm IN destroying
the leaves Of fruit and shade trees. II
u present every season, but ordinarily
does but little harm. Two broods de-
velop, the nrst appearing IN April and
Nay, ths second about the nrst Of
August
A mas Of sges observed; n 1905 Wa
plaesd on : privet hedge Aug 4 to 8.
Ths eglp began Matching AM. u and
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28

81 have no kick coming" said John
J. Hayes. winner Of the Marathon race.
when he was carried ashore BY enthu-
siastic New York admirers. Some
hard knocks have been given British
fair play in connection with the sOlym-
pic games, but Hayes won the Mara
thon race and was officially declared
the winner. He has good "horse
sense as well. as speed: He has "no
kick coming
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
An unappreeiated Plant.

Chives is a vegetable not widely
known in this country. 1t is native
along the northern borders of the
United States as we'll as in some parts
Of Europe, where it is popular. The
plant belongs to the onion family. and
its leaves are used for seasoning in
soups, salads, etc., and are preferred
to onions by many persons because
they are much milder and mor tender.
Europeans use chives for seasoning
scrambled eggs and similar dishes.
The culture of chives is simple. The
plant will grow in any ordinary gar
den soil. 1t is usually propagated by
division of the roots, because 1t does
not seed readily. The roots or clumps
of roots may be purchased Mt moderate
prices. The clumps should be plant
ed in beds about nine inches apart in
rows which are two feet apart. The
planting may be done in either spring
or autumn. The chives may also be
planted in the border of the vegetable
garden and makes an excellent perma-
nent border. AS a border plant the
clumps should. be planted about six
inches apart. The leaves will grow
thickly and form a dense green mat
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28

Kermit Roosevelt u to be oficiai
photographer Of the presidents wild.
animal hunt s. Africa. n other
words. whils his father does the shoot
3ins Sc VIM DO the snapshootinE.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28

The corporations cannot make con-
trlbutions TO the political parties this
gear. But their money should not 60
begging. Lots 81 people could tell.
them how to spend Il
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28

a London dispatch states that an.
English Nimrod went hunting to the
arctic regions and shot twenty bears
in ten days-two bears a day. Here 81
hint In case Of q lion famine In At
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-08-28
Pasture In New England.

Ihe pasture proDlem the
future of New England dairy farming.
The old hill pastures are slowly but
surely running out and are keeping
fewer and fewer cattle every year.
Most Of them cannot be plowed at
any reasonable cost under present con-
ditions Of farm labor. and clearing of
the bushes is Of only temporary bene-
at. Unless pastures can be plowed
and cultivated for a few years there
seems to be nc hope for them, and
they gradually turn into wood lots, thus
reducing the dairy capacity Of the
farm. Many pastures are needlessly
injured by turning the stock out too
early in the spring. especially when
1t has been eaten close the preceding
year. They tramp the soil too wet and
gnaw the young plants too close to the
ground. 1t is much better to let the
grass get a good start, then put or
the stock long enough to eat down the
grass and move them to another pas
ture. Unless pastures are large enough
to be divided in this way they quickly
become injured under ordinary meth.
DDS. It is an expensive way, but per-
haps 1t is the only way to manage
without grazing the land too close. ~
EZN 81 WIKI