davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1908-04-19

learn that the toll for the suez canal
OF the Panama canal is obviously very
conservative.
In fixing the rate of tofi at Panama
elaborate calculations have been made
as to the exact saving in time and ex-
pense to the various trade routes by
using the canal II is not believed
that the rate Of 81 ton will be ex-
cessive for the ships OF any OF the regu-
lar routes. BY passing through the
canal on the way fro i Europe to Chile,
for instance. vessel would save from
10 to II days. The cost Of operating
ship at sea for shis ad 4itional time. 1t
is estimated. would ah. balance the
price paid for permission to pass
through the canal
The comparative cost of the old
route and the new has been esti-
mated I'm the case of a modern
freight steamer OF $500 tons register.
which IS taken as Unit of measure
The cost OF operation a day is placed at
s1Is, witch includes the wages OF rhe
crew. the cost of coal and provisions,
tse interest on the capital invested, the
Insurance and the general wear and
tear. A saving of s175 a lay for I5
days would amount to s2.625. The cost
of clearing the canal wou'l be at file
81 a ton rate 81, 500. The rate, ii will
be seen, would not be excessive. In
case a ship carried perishaole cargo
the saving of time would, OF course, be
Invaluable. 1t is believed that at this
rate the saving by passing through the
canal will OFFER suficient induccment
to defect the present enormous trafic
to the new route. The Illustration cited
is an extreme one. In the case Of a
vessel sailing between New York and
San Francisco. for example, the econo-
my Of the canal route would be ire
sistible.
The isthmian canal commission has
made an exhaustive study OF the trade
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1908-04-19

basiG for calculation.
1T is conseryatively estimated that the
canal will yield an income Of $780,,
100000 during the FIRST 10 years OF
SITS operation. with the impetus which
the canal viii doubtless give to trade
IN this period alone it is believed that
: the income may even be at the rate
of $4,000 coo year or more. The cost
of building the canal has been various
~ estimated: the most recent figure
mentioned authoritatively has been a
maximum OF $500. 100000 Speaking in
round numbers IL seems reasonable to
calculate q return OF per cent upon
this enormous expenditure in the first
10 years OF it's operation alone. In
years to. come the profit may reason
ably be estimated at considerably in
excess OF this figure.
The data upon which these estimates
are based have been collected by Prof.
Emory r. Johnson OF the first canal
commission, who has made special
study OF the probable income of the
canal. His estimates are doubtless the
most reliable obtainable. The toll for
ships passing through the canal has
not yet been definitely fixed, but Il is
probable that il Will be regulated at
81 per vessel ton net This figure may
vary slightly. but IT is safe TO assume
for a general calculation. 1t is also
assumed for the purpose Of such an
estimate that the first ship viii pass
from sea to sea through the canal on
January /. 1915.
According to Professor Johnson's es-
Inmates there will be by the end OF
1914 some 6.ssS.77s tons Of traffic
which viii use the canal passing in
both directions The data upon which
this estimate is made will be reviewed
later. Now counting the increase In
tranHc at s21z per cent for the next
10 years. which is considered reason
able. there will be by 1924 some
lI,372,szI tons.
), Taking the gradual increase from
year to year between 1915 and 1924.
II viii be found that between 100000
200 and l5o.ooo.oeo tons of traffic will
clear the canal. This estimate is
based upon the increase in the trade
which would undoubtedly have used
the canal in the last 20 years had it
been available.
A fairly accurate estimate may be
made in this way Of the number of
ships and the amount OF tonnage
which viii pass through as soon as il
is thrown open. The exact figures de-
pend OF course upon how rapidly our
trade develops in the expanding mar
kets OF the western hemisphere and
how long it will take to readjust the
trade TO fit new conditions which the
canal viii establish.
The fixing Of the toll rate is one of
the most serious problems before
the canal commission. II the rate
be too high II viii be difficult to de-
fleet trade from its present courses,
while II Il be too low the income on
this enormous investment will of
course suffer. It will come as a sur
~,~sn. "a raosf Iavnaen in the r1aaffer 70
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1908-04-19

canal was first contemplated, three OF
the trade routes just cited, the Europe
and orient trade excepted, might have
contributed 3,S43.577 tons net register
Of traffic to the canal had 1t been ready
for use at that date.
This estimate. however does not in
clude any vessel tonnage for the COM
merce crossing the isthmus of Panama.
which was s3e.ass. thus raising the
total to 4,iS5,5a5 tons. Meanwhile the
entrances and clearances for the COM
merce of the eastern seaboard of the
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
Last Chance--OnIy 100 Copies Left.
Alphabetical List of Battles
From the Official Reeerds-From IL

From Official 1900 With pates
The date of of the 1920 battles sirmishes ana other
incidents of the Var of the Rebellion any one of the o51
engagements of the Spanish Var and Pippne Inree
be referred easily the dictionary
All of the battles of the Old Vars arranged in the same man
brief sketch of
The Sons and Daughters of the Revolution viii nd
things OF interest," the battles of Revolution are full and
complete. ~ ~
t has been adopted authority by United Staten Peno
Bureau, and there 1.500 copies office
1t gives the number killed each ,r
the American War; Philippine surecton and the Dis
urbance in China. ~ ~
The principal events of the Rebellion War
Philippine lnsrreclon and tho Disturbance In China are oI
they occurred from alone is worth
the price of the book ~
AS book OF reference it has equal Teachers reporters
authors speak III highest terms of the work.
1t Will be found ready reference disputes as to d
OF baes and other ncents and by marking engage
ments IN which comrades took they viii
children and grandchildren will be proud exhibit
The book Will enable comrades the
marches and which they participated
Sumter to Appomaox, and from Cuba to the Philippines
The data from which this book complied principally from
official records requiring careful search of 100 Volumes Of
the Rebellion Records and the of the Departments for
yenIs.
The book neatly bound in oh contains e5a pages we'll
indexed.
after ssaanasi0n pleased a1 the book to
your conrades II nos. return It and get goar money
Sent postpaid Price $l00 per COPY.
Address, THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE
6l9 Thirteenth Street N. w. Washington, D. G.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
The 7th N. J.

Editor National Tribune: Some time
ago I asked you for a history of my
regiment, the 7th ". J., but it probably
has been overlooked.-Geo. w. Der
rickson. Owego. N. Y.
! The 7th n. j., one of the 800 fighting
regiments. was organized at Trenton
Aug. 27, 1861. and was finally mustered
out July II, 1865. 1t was commanded
by Cols. Joseph W. Revere, Louis r.
Francine and Francis Price successive
ly. The regiment was hotly engaged at
Williamsburg. where it lost 26 killed,
80 wounded and seven missing At
Charlottesville the 7th captured five
stands of colors., losing in the battle six
killed and Al wounded At Gettysburg
it lost Is killed, Sc wounded and 13
missing. Col B'rancine being mortally
wounded in the battle of the second
day The original members were mus
tered out Oct. Z, 1864. 1t belonged to
Humphreys's- Division. Third Corps, and
lost 13T killed and 123 from disease,
etc.\ Its total of Killed and wounded
was 4S5, and Is of its members died in
Confederate prisons.-Editor National
Tribune.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
The 32l Mass.

Editor National Tribune: Please pub
Iish a brief sketch of the. 32d Mass
Carl A. A. Erode, 2007 Bryant avenue.
New York City.
The 32d Mass. one of the 300 fight
ing regiments. was organized at BOs-
ton, Concord, Cambridge and Lynnffeld
from Nov IS, 1861, to Aug. 13, 1862.
and mustered out June 90, 1868. 1t
was commanded by Cols. Francis j.
Parker. George L. Prescott and J. Cush-
ing Edmends in succession. The 32d
Mass. was organized originally as a
battalion of six companies for garrison
duty in Boston Harbor. It Joined Nc
CieIlan just after Malvern Hill. four
more companies soon being added to
it. At Gettysburg the regiment lost 13
killed, 62 wounded and five missing out
of 229 taken into the fight. At Spotsy1-
vania it did some hard fighting. losing
az and near the place 23 killed. 101
wounded and five missing. nearly one
half its effective strength. Col Pres
colt was killed in the assault on Peters,
burg It belonged to Griffin's Division,
Fifth Corps. and lost 144 killed and AS
from disease. etc. Its total of killed
and wounded was SIG, and "a of its
members died in Confederate prisons
Editor National Tribune.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17

Lees halting and concentration at
Culpeper misled Meade, who learned
of the Confederate Generals presence
at that place on the morning of the
18th. Meade was very anxious to at
tack Lee if he could get him out on
open ground. and this seemed an, op-
portunity. He Immediately counter
manded his orders of the day before,
sending the Second, Fifth and Sixth
Corps, with Buford's Cavalry Division,
to recrOss the Rappahannock and
march on Culpeper The Third Corps
was guarding the line of the Kappa
hammock at/Freeman's Ford, while the
cavalry division Of Gen. Gregg watched
the Upper Rappahannock at Sulphur
Springs. Before they could get near
Culpeper Lee was away from there
upon his new manuver Of swinging
far around to Meade's right. with the
heads Of his columns marching on War
renton. This put the Third Corps and
Buford's Cavalry in position of ex-
treme peril. as they were away from
the main body of the army and on the
north bank Of the river, where they
could have been crushed by Lee Lee
was. however, too much occupied with
his general plan to notice this isolated
force, NAd thus they escaped.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17

sack on back and rife in hand, thru
the bivouac of the Second Corps to. con-
vey information to Lee as to his situa-
ton. II -
Lee had ordered ELL on the left to
march thru Esw Baltimore toward
Alexandria, but To turn to the right
before coming toeBuckland Mills, which
would brings hiIns to Bristoe from the
northwest. Tho Hill had a long route,
it was a good road, upon which march
ing would be easy. Ewell was to march
from Warrenton upon Auburn and res
cue Stuart, after which he was to fol-
low the rosd to Greenwich, where he
would join onto Hills route. The two
corps would then advance directly upon
Bristoe, occupying the right bank of
Broad Run and barring the passage of
the Federal army.
Rodes, who led the march of Hilps
Corps, started along before daylight to
extricate Stuart. In the meantime the
cavalry had been passing q very un-
comfortable night. full Of alarms and
dire apprehensions. Several stragglers
from the Union liles had wandered into
the woods for one purpose or another.
and had been s4zed, without even a.
pistol shot to gilh the alarm. and not
one had been elowed to get back.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17

serves, the 5th N. Y. and the 5th Mich.
Cav, which made a gallant charge,
arresting Stuart's advance, tho his lead
ing troops in the confusion recaptured
many of the 120th N. Y. Gen. Prince
sent I'D more reinforcements, but they
were few in numbers and insufficient
to stay the Confederate advance. Kill
patrick held his troops in dispute of
HamptOn's Division, and covered the
retreat of the infantry to their respec-
tive corps to the west of Culpeper.
Pleasonton ordered Custer to come to
James City. but Stuart was already she'll
ing that point. Pieasonton withdrew
his men to Bethel Church. Custer came
up later. found the enemy established
at James City, and gallantly charged
them, but was repulsed, when he fell
back to join Fitzpatrick at Bethel
Church. At this place more infantry
came up to strongly hold the point, but
of James City. which covered Lees
movement, and he rested his troops
there. $50
A Revelations to Meade.
About noon on Oct. 10 Gen Meade
received startling news which caused
him to instantly reverse his plans He
had full particulars of Stuart's agrees
sive attack on ThorOfare Mountain, and
in addition his signal men had informed
Hrfn tndt EiiTs CofpS was moving on
the right from Madison Court House to
Sperryyilie. This could mean nothing
else than that Lee, instead of retreat
ing, was outfianking him to interpose
between him and Washington. Meade
at once started his trains back with
all haste, countermanding his orders
for advance. and at 2 O'Clock in the
of Oct. IL set his men in mo-
ton for a swift march to the north
side of the RappahannOek The three
corps. which were marching straight
The National tribune., 1908-12-17

At daybreak On Oct. 10 Stuart came
across Robertson's River with the
whole of Hampton's Division, and
moved briskly forward between Thoro-
fare and Cedar Mountains across Gus
ters line. Custer having been ordered
not to bring on battle, gradually fell
back before the Confederates to the
northern end OF Thorofare Mountain,
where he found Fitzpatrick with Daviss
Brigade. Seeing the force advance up
on him, Fitzpatrick sent back to Gen.
Prince. OF the Third Corps, for help,
and Prince sent him the 120th N. Y.
This regiment had then lost 900 men,
and Fitzpatrick was thus in poor condi-
ton TO encounter Hampton's full d.
vision. He dismounted his cavalry
men. and deployed them as skirmish-
ers with the infantry on the slopes of
the hill. Strsr dismounted Gordon's
Brigade, and sent them forward to at
tack the Union line in front, while
Stuart, personally leading Young's Brit
gade, galloped around the flank Of the
line, and struck the 120th N. Y. so
suddenly and severely as to capture
nearly the whole regiment. The Union
cavalry retreated with all haste to
James City. with Stuart in close pur-
suit. Fitzpatrick threw forward his re-
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
The. 1st Tenn. Cav.

Editor National Tribune: Please give
a short history of the 1st Tenn. Cav
+. III. Miller, Church Grove, Tenn.
The 1st Tenn. Cav, formerly known
as the 4th TenIL, was organized from
March to November, 1862. The field
and staff and Cos. A, B, C, D, e and F
were mustered out in March and April,
1865; and Cos. G., FL, I. X, L ard NJ in
June, 1865. 1t was commanded by Col
Robert Johnson, who resigned May 81.
1864, succeeded by Col. Jas. P Brown
low, who was mustered out Arpil Ii,
1866, upon expiration of his term of
service. 1t belonged to McCoek's Divi-
sion, Cavalry Corps, and lost Co killed
and 296 from disease, etc.-Editer Ma
tiouaI Tribune.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17

House to pass Meade's right flank Hills
Corps was to start to the southeast, and
make a wide circuit around to reach
Madison Court House, while Ewen was
10 take another road for the same place.
From Madison Court House Hill was to
pass to the north of Culpeper, while
Ewell was TO, march directly on that
town thru James City.
Lee had been accurately informed as
to the general position Of tbs Union
troops, and he made his movements
with reference to taking them by sur
prise and beating them in detail At
that time only the Second and Fifth
Corps were at Culpeper, while the Third
Corps was three miles to the northeast
of Griffinsburg. and the First and Sixth
Corps were still further away, watching
the Rapidan at Cedar Mountain and
1saccoon Ferd. The latter two were six
nlilea from each other. and 10 miles
from the main body of the army. BY
delivering his blows with sudden celeri-
ty, Lee could hope to overcome one or
two of these corps before the rest could
possibly reach them.
The cavalry movements began on
Oct. Z, and were promptly noted and
reported by our Signal Corps on Cedar
Aountain. Ths signal men had by this
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
Fort SandusISy.

Editor National Tribune: viii you
please give me the location OF old Fort
Sandusky, the very first fort built by
white men in Ohio or its territory
Charles w. Thomas, State Soldiers
Home, Ohio.
We are unable to give the exact date
and location of the fort at Sandusky,
nor would we say that the fort was the
first built in the Ohio Territory. There
was a fort there as early as May 16,
1863, when it was treacherously cap
tured by the Indians and all th. garri-
son, except the commander. Ensign
Paully, massacred. But there must
have been forts before this built by
white men on the AIaumee and the
Wabash.-Editor National Tribune
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
TIE ID ana Isth Mo.

Editor National Tribune: Please give
short history of these two regiments
John Homann, COL Raymond street.
Elgin, nf
The I'd Mo. was organized at St
Louis Sept. 10. 1851, and mustered out
at different dates from Sept. 81 to Oct
l, 1854. 1t was commanded by Col
Frederick Schaefer. who was killed In
action at Stone River Dec. 81, 1857.
succeeded by Col Bernard Laiboid. fE
TOOK an active part in some nine battles.
belonged to Newton's Division. Fourth
corps, and lost 81 killed and 81 from
disease, etc : :. f.-rsr.-,--.
The 18th Mo. was organized at st.
LOUIS during August and September.
1861. served out two enIistruentsS ana
was finally mustered out Dec. 25. 1859
IL was one OF the 900 fighting, feSi--
ments, and was commanded BY Col.
Francis j. Joliat. who resigned Nov. 2s
1852, succeeded by Col Joseph Conrad,
brevetted Brigadier-GeneraI March
IL. 1866. The regiment met with its
greatest loss at Chickamauga, its cas-
Halties being unusually large for the
small number engaged Col Conrad
who succeeded Col. Joliat, had been
Major of the Sd Mo. After It's re-en-
listment in January I86f IL jefneds
Sherman's army as il was starting on
its Atlanta campaign. II belonged, TO
Newton's Division, Fourth Corps. and
lost lis killed and 1e1 from disease.
etc.-Editor National Tribune.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
The 1th n. Il.

Editor National Tribune: Please pub
hsh sketch of the 7th " Y. fSteub-
en- Rifies}--Geo. Bell Mineofa, n. Y.
The 7th n. Y. also called the Steuben
regiment, was organized at New York
City April 23. 1861. for two years. and
mustered out May s, 1863 1t was
commanded by Col. John E. Bendfx,
who was discharged Aug. 6. 1861, stic-
ceeded by Col Edward Kapff, who. re-
signed Feb. s, 1862 Col George vorl
Setback then took command. retaining
the same till muster-out. It belonged
to Hancock's Division, Second Corps,
and lost 102 killed and 47 from disease.
etc--Editor National Tribune.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
alSAlAMnulAMnyuzM
~ 7audGazNy6uzYl
By JOHN McELROY.

time acquired great skill in reading the
enemy's signals, and the messages they
were able to catch from the huttering
flags were of such definiteness es to
convince Gem Meade that the enemy
was starting upon a movement Of i'm
portance, which he interpreted to mean
that Lee was contemplating retreat
to a stronger position.
Meade Starts the Offensive.
By Oct. the troops sent TO New
York at the time of the riots had re-
turned to the Army of the Potomac,
number of recruits and drafted men
had come in, and Meade found himself
at the head of $4,000 men. of whom
6S. 600 were electives. 1t seemed 10 MIN
that he was now strong enough to
strike a blow at Lee, and learning on
the morning of Oct. 9 that Lees pick
cts had been withdrawn from the Rap
idan, Meade decided to cross the river
and beat up the enemy's quarters. He
issued his orders for Buford to cross
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
The l9th w. Va.

Editor National Tribune: Please give
a short sketch Of the 10th w. vac.
w. Morgan, New Martinsvilie. w. Va.
The 10th w. Va. was organized at
Camp Pickens and other places in the
State from March f2 to May Is, 1862,
and finally mustered out Aug. 8. 1865.
1t was commanded by Col Thomas M.
Harris, who was promoted to- Brigadier-
General March 20, 1856, succeeded by
Col. Morgan A. Darnalf, m eemmard
at the time Of final muster.out. IT be-
longed to Thohurn's Dfvisi6s Eighth
Corps. and lost 95 killed and 146 from
disease. etc.-Editor National Tribune.
The National tribune., 1908-12-17

Lastly, no doubt Lee was willing, in the
language of the chess player, to swap
queens: that is, he was quite inclined
TO give Richmond for Washington. He
might make rush for Washington. and
IL Meade retaliated by rush on Rich
1nond, Lee would let him take the Con-
federate Capital while he took the Fed
erai Capital. The prestige acquired
might possibly bring about the coveted
recognition by France and England, and
the material loss to the Southern Con-
fe1eracy would be nothing compared
Washington. The Confederacy mad only
amoderate amount of stores and work
shops in Richmond, and its Capital
could be readily set up somewhere else.
It was quite different with washington.
The preservation of the National Capt.
tai was almost essential to the success
full carrying On of the war for the
Union.
Jefferson Davis did not share this
view of Gen. Lee any more
than he had been in accord with Gen.
Jehnston's proposition to give UP Vicks-
burg, and concentrate the troops there
in front of Grant.
Al movement to the rear by the Sec
ond Corps gave Lee hopes that the
Army of the Potomac was being still
further reduced to reinforce the army
at Chattanooga and prevent its capture.
Lees plan was in some ways repe-
tition of his tactics against Gen. Pope
of the previous year. He proposed to
move his whole army by a concealed
and circuitous route" around Meade's
right flank. and strike the railroad in
his rear at Bristoe Station. The cav
airy was to begiT, the movement, and
for this purpose it was concentrated
into two strong divisions, one under
Lieut.-Gen. Wade Hampton and the
other under Maj.-Gen. Fitzhugh Lee.
Fftzhugh Lee was to remain on the
Rapidan with some infantry, and keep
up a bold front to conceal the move
snent- Stuart was to take Hampton's
Division by the way Of Madison Court
The National tribune., 1908-12-17
LINES OF MARCH SECOND CORPS AND THE REBELS
From Gen..

Germania Ford at once, and the next
day go beyond the Rapidan and turn
up that stream to cover the fords by
which the infantry should cross. The
First Corps was to cross at the ford
most convenient to it, with the Sixth
and the Fifth Corps moving up from
CUlpeper in support Of the other two.
While Meade was sending out his or
ders his alert signal men were report
ing to him that the biyouac fires were
constantly growing more numerous in
the direction of Madison Court House.
and that they had caught dispatch
from Stuart reporting his presence on
our, extreme, right hank. This news
puzzled Meade as to Lees intention,
but he decided that the safest course
for him was to push the army on ACROSS
the Rapidan, keeping it well together
and ready for any manuver by Lee TO
turn and catch its parts widely se1a-
rated.
Cavalry Fishting.
On the evening Of Oct. 8. while
were still going on, Hampton's cavalry
drove in Clusters pickets near James
City, and AIeade learned at last Of a
considerable portion Of the Confederate
army on his right flank. Lee had
pushed his movement with all haste.
but the march OF his army had been
unexpectedly slow on account Of The
roundabout and Ittle-used roads which
it was obliged to follow In order to be
out of sight. Notwithstanding this his
whole army had gotten across the up
per Rapidan during Oct. 8, and early
on the morning of the 10th was In the
neighborhoed of Madison Court House,
where 1t could readily turn the Fed
eral right. Meade was informed Of
this, but he persisted in the belief that
only the cavalry and some infantry
were there for the purpose of masking
the retreat of the rest of the army, and
he continued. therefore, his movement
toward Orange Court House.