davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Pure Bred Sheep.

In buying pure bred sheep-wheth-
er it be ram to head a flock Or
grade ewes Ito sell the wether lambs
for mutton, retaining the best eve
lambs and selling the BALANCED, or
ram to head a high-class flock. or
bunch of ewes for the foundation of
new flock, always, if possible, go
and see the flock from which you wish
to make your purchase.
Any difference in the Judgment of
buyer and seller is more easily aG-
justed when the buyer, seller and ami
mails to be sold get together where
they can examine the stuff.
But when it is not convenient very
satisfactory results can be obtained
by the use of the mails; always stat
ing the kind desired, and. if ram.
giving a very careful description of
the ewes you wish to mate him with.
which will enable the seller to make
good selection for you. which will
in most cases prove very satisfactory
to the purchaser.
The purchaser should be wiling TO
pay fair price for any animal. 10
not expect more than your MONEYS
worth. But if You do not get what
YOU exrect for the price promptly in
form the breeder of your disappoint-
ment and if it is really a mistake he
will be more than anxious to adjust
the matter with you.
In selling pure-bred sheep. the
first condition is to have something
good to sell. However, it is not nee
essary that all sale stock should be
show stock, nor will farmers pay the
price OF show stock, hut have animals
that are really worth what you ask
for them and viii be a profitable in
vestment to the proper purchaser.
Have the animals that are offered
for sale fully as good as the descrip-
ton. and it will be well to have some
of them little better than the de.
scription.
Ask the purchasers 10 inspect what
You have to offer before buying. hut
if they are unable to do so. give them
equally as good bargain as If the pur.
chaser and flock were together,
When a sale has been made satisfy
your customer. even though you are
forced to make slight sacrifices. Your
intentions may be good but youl
Judgment at fault; therefore. he sure
that you are giving bargain and
you will have customer again.
BY the above methods customers
once found are easily held New
customers are easier made, as one
buyer will tell others. and in this
way many will find out that there are
bargains and it will ne no trouble tC
get business.-R. B. Rushing, in tax
Indiana Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
The Best Paying Horses.

When prices for all classes of
horses are so high, it seems as though
there would be manifested greater
interest in colt raising. We find
plenty of men who are devoting a
good deal of attention to the cows,
the sheep and the hogs, but few COM
paratively are studying and learning
the best methods of breeding and
rearing horses.
The majority of the horses are
raised on the farms and yet the colts
are generally considered side issue;
q colt raised occasionally, and If he
turns out well all right, and II not
there has not been much risked. On
account of the colt raising being
merely incidental he is not given
much consideration, and is often
neglected at times when he should
be given some attention Neglect
while young. or during the growing
period, will leave its traces on and
detract from the general appearance
of the horse during his whole life.
A good observer can detect the re.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
&f7DG Ct dIsIIXs

suits of neglect of the colt at a
glance. The general-purpose farm
horse is one that can be utilized in
ordinary farm work of all kinds and
can also do the limited amount of
road work needed in connection with
the working of the medium sized or
small farm.
A horse called a chunk" in mar
ket, standing fifteen to sixteen hands
high, weighing from 100 to 400
pounds, compactly built, with good
feet and legs, tractable, lively dis
position, a good, clean. rapid way of
going at walk or trot. is, in brief, the
kind of a horse I would call gen.
eral purpose horse. This kind of
horse has a place on the farm of the
East, and we may say is the most
valuable class so far as farm work
is concerned.
Taking all in all, I think the gem
eral purpose horse is the most profit
able one for the farmer to raise. The
term draft" applies to horses weigh
ing 1000 pounds or more, but a good
many horses that are put on the mar
ket in working order. or in thin con-
dition, weighing 1900 pounds. could
be made to weigh 1900 pounds or
more if properly fitted for market,
so have them fat when they are ready
to sell. The larger the horse. if he
has quality, the more he will bring.
Those weighing from 1900 pounds
up to draft weight are called chunks,
and sell fairly well, but not with the
draft class.
So in breeding we should select our
best mares of good weight and quality
and breed them to good horse.
When you find a horse that breeds
we'll with your mares. use him right
along as long as YOU can get good
colts. and you will have a lot of colts
of the same disposition, conforma
ton and color so that you can match
up teams, for it takes all three of
these to make a perfectly matched
team. You can sometimes put
three-year-old and a four-year-old to-
gether, and mate them UP better as
nicely matched team always bring a
little more money than if not
matched, but the least defect in
matched team is color. p.
Fletcher, in the American CultivstoT.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Road Building Problems.

A feature of the Good Roads State
Convention on the Steel Pier at At
lantic City, n. j., was the reading of
a paper prepared by Frederick Skene,
State Engineer of New York, in
which he reviewed the work done by
the Empire State in the way of road
building.
Mr.. Skene's paper said the State is
now building improved roads in fifty
three counties. On February last
nearly 1000 miles of improved roads
distributed in the fifty-three counties
had been constructed. About 1000
miles were under contract at that
date, a large portion of which has
since been completed. Three hun
dred and eleven miles were COM
pleted in 1907.
The State Engineer declared that
it was impossible at this date to state
definitely how many miles of inn
proved highways will be completed
in 1908, but a conservative estimate
placed the number of miles at 700 or
over, twice that of 1907, and more
than that constructed in all the years
previous to the year 1907. The Leg
islature has appropriated s11,22S,-
265 to date.
Automobile traffic is thus dis
cussed
The advent of the automobile
has greatly changed the problem of
highway construction. AS you all
know, rapid moving motor wheels
tend to destroy and injure the I'M
proved highways to a great extent.
The automobile, however, has come
to stay, and it is up to us as engi.
neers and road builders to solve the
problem, and build roadway at rea-
sonable cost that will meet these
conditions and withstand the ever
increasing automobile traffic.
Numerous experiments have been
conducted by the department during
the last two years, using oil, asphalt
toline, tarvia, rock asphalt and other
substances. some of which have been
more or less satisfactory. / am not
prepared to say, however, that any
of these substances will solve the
problem. 1t will take time and fur
Their study and experiments to settle
definitely this perplexing question"
The automobilist, the State Engi-
neer said, is now, and ever has been
from the start, one of the prime NOV
ers OF the great work of making good
roads throughout the State.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Mg.yy@JE7yx35zrE
,ss;AS@MEwEST
~. FASHIONS
f%k.sX Xxx K ( I

Rufus are even made of fur-little
toy affairs with ruchings of lace.
Newer than the ribbon band about
the couture is the pleating of gold
braid.
Gray paste pearls as heads to long
hat pins are worn with light colored
satin hats.
Pocket handkerchiefs have wide
colored centres and hens, the initials
done in white.
Russian fsh-net wells in dull bronze
are cut entirely square and go over
the entire hat.
Borderanto is the name of the new
chiffon auto yelling. 1t comes in
handsome colors with dainty hairline
stripe borders.
Ball gowns, especially some of Gre
clan design, are worn without gloves
even though their sleeves are merely
apologies for sleeves.
A large brown felt hat has no other
trimming than six great brown roses.
some pale tan with golden hearts.
others deeper in tint.
Narrow belts of soft suede in pas
tel colors, to wear at the top of high
directoire skirts. are finished with oh
long silver and gun-metal buttons.
Pretty, but injurious to the eve
sight, are the Breton lace wells. loose
ly draped round the hat and capable
OF being thrown back over the face.
Three-inch belts of braided SOU
tache, with wide buttonholes, through
which satin sash is run, tying at
the side, are finished with tassels of
soutache.
Black suede button shoes will be
a good choice for feet that can not
be described as of Cinderella propor-
tons; the dull surface tends to re-
duce the size in the kindest manner.
Blouses are cut like long yoke.
as fullness underneath the skirt will
interfere with its proper fit. A tiny
band of the material, or better still
of silk ribbon, is used as a finish and
is hooked at the back.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
The Farm Orchard.

The first thing one should do is to
locate properly. considering site, soil
and market. The nearer to a market
or to two markets the better Of one
Is.
First. consider site or the lay of the
land, shall it be sloping or level. or
low land or high? Generally. rolling
or sloping land. since it has better
natural drainage. for soil saturated
with moisture will not grow fruit;
trees will not stand wet feet. Two
weeks ago l was in an orchard that
was sloping, but rocks were near the
surface and they made little plates
or saucers. The trees were often set
in these pockets, and would go into
the winter with the roots saturated
with moisture which caused them to
winter kill; so sloping land is not
always well drained.
If the land is high it is apt to b.
well drained or we'll aired When
you don't get good circulation Of
air there is apt to be trouble. On
hillsides you get natural air drain
age. On low land cold air settles.
For sanitary reasons, trees should be
planted on rolling or sloping land.
The apple will grow most anywhere.
but has its preference. Strong. clayey
loan or gravelly clay loan is ideal
for good, strong wood growth which
1t will give fruit. The clayey soil
that will crack open in dry weather
is not good. Brakes, moss and lichens
indicate acidity. but although the
land may be put in good condition,
you are better off if it is naturally so.
Prof. V. r. Gardner, Maine Expert
lent Station.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
z Good Roads. r
More About Bad Roads

When the farmers learn tn ooo.
nize as Systematically as it is nonao
sary for large industrial enternrisa.
20 economic in order to meet com,
petition, and make profits, farmi..
will be much more remunerat;-s
calling than 1t now is. One form, y.
economy is the construction of goos
roads.
In a recent address Allerton
Cushman. of the United States IA
2artment of Agriculture, pointed or.
that there are 100000 miles ~
public roads in America, and tho.
about seven per cent. of this MILEAGE
is improved. During a year ahout
$4,000, 100000 pounds of prodncts
from the farm are hauled to markot
Or to shipping points. The cost ~
hauling ton of products a mile on
he country roads is upon the aver.
age twenty-five cents. Stone road.
in good condition reduce the cost n
eight cents. Dirt" roads in HAD
condition necessitate an expense ~
thirty-nine cents, wet. sandy roads
thirty-three cents, and dry, sandy
roads sixty-four cents. About s25O.
100000 would be saved annually nv
reducing the cost to twelve cents nor
ton per mile.
The saving would be, like the pres.
emit loss, so widely distributed that
the computation Of the totals NAV
seem like an idle Juggling of figures.
yet 1t Is by such figuring that rail.
roads and other large corporations
learn where and how to cut expenses
effectively.
The Washington Herald reduces
the figures quoted by Mr.. Cushman
TO this form:
1t seems easy to write the figures
S1,000,000 day; that is the amount
Of loss, or rather that is the loss
Of gain the farmer would get if he
had good roads. He would get ST.
100000 a day more for his products
than he does now. His bad roads i'm.
ply loss of about SO year for every
man, woman and child in the United
States. If we can add that $3.50.
100000 to the purchasing power Of
the farmer it is not likely that we
should hear so much about hard
times; there would be bound to be a
proportional increase in prosperity
and our agricultural assets would be
very largely increased"
These figures do not, of course,
take into account the increased value
Of farming lands resulting from good
roads being constructed in the vicin.
ity. The owners of city property are
more ready to take advantage of an
opportunity for the improvement of
streets that will enhance real estate
values than are the owners of coun-
try property, yet both in the country
and in the city 1t is sometimes amaz.
ingly difficult to awaken the interest
of property owners to Improvements
that cost dime in taxes and not
dollar in increased values.
The farmers freight expense is
fixed in part by the railroad, but the
expense begins at the farm, and the
haul to the railroad Is expensive or
inexpensive in accordance with the
condition of the roads.-Louisvill
Courier-Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
We Angered English Sunrragist.

Mrs. Cobden-Sanderson still is try
ing to convince the English that
American women are interested only
in themselves. 1t is the dull season
for the suffragette In England, and
probably that is why Mrs. Golden
Sanderson is raking over the old
Goals. She was not especially graft
fed by the results of her mission
here, and she has deemed it wise to
grow more emphatic in her criticism
of the American women than she was
few months ago, when fresh from
her fruitless visit to this country.
Mrs. Cobden-Sanderson and Mrs.
HumpAry Ward agree that there is
little prospect of a campaign here for
the ballot box for women, but the
novelist has been more reserved in
her accounts of her meetings with
American women in their clubs and
homes. OF course, woman is entitled
to her own opinion; still it seems the
part of blind courage, If not audaci-
ty, for an Englishwoman to stay here
few weeks and then return to her
home to deliver a verdict upon Amer
lean womanhood. The trouble with
Mrs. Cobden-Sanderson and Mrs.
Ward is that they have not weighed
the radical differences in the posi-
lions of women in this country and in
England. The incentive to agitation,
to the batting of legislators and Cab
met members, does not exist here as
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Temper Told by the Hair.

Girls with blue eyes and straw-col-
ored hair generally have a far calmer
and happier life, as rule, than those
with big dark eyes and olive COM
plexions.
The fair girl is almost sure to be
level headed in her love affairs, and
to make a sensible marriage, but she
will be much more tickle than the
dark girl, because her feelings will
not be so deep and passionate.
Dark girls are more emotional;
love means so much to them that
their feeling is deeper and more last
ing than the love of fsir girls, or so
the learned in such matters say.
Brunette women make very loving
and demonstrative mothers, but they
do not understand discipline. Fair
women train their children best for
a prosaic and every day life.
1t is said that fair children are
easier to bring up than dark ones, as
their ailments are less likely to be
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

Glazed. The novelty OF such an auto
sleigh as that shown in the accom-
panying illustration will appeal te
many. Runners are attached to the
front and rear wheels. An auxiliary
wheel which assists in propelling the
vehicle is placed in front of the rear
wheels. Wound around the latter
and the auxiliary wheel is a toothed
chain, the purpose of which is to grip
the icy surface of the road and force
the vehicle onward. Any auto can be
equipped with these attachments,
which are not made part of the
permanent motor car.-Washingtop
Star.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

name now is Mrs. Sun Yue, and sh,
apparently has affiliated herself thor
oughly with the people of her hus
bands race. Among these she is do
ing much benevolent and religion
work. She has converted to tn,
Catholic faith her husband, whom SHE
once nursed through a severe illness
and she has also made many similar
conversions among the other Chinese
in San Francisco. Her influence
among the Celestials is very great
Mrs. Sun Yue has been living with
her husband in a camp on an emin'
ence overlooking San Francisco's OLD
Chinatown.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Growing a New Eye.

Extraordinary statements were made
at the Old Bailey this afternoon in
case heard before Mr.. Commissioners
Lumley, in which Tom Wallis Rogers,
aged forty, described as a magnetic
healer, OF Gray's Inn road, was in
dicted on charge of stealing f14
los, the moneys of Emma Ling, o
domestic servant. Mr.. Smith, for
the prosecution, said the false pre-
tense was that the prisoner protested
to be able to cause a new eye to grow
In the socket from which Miss Ling's
eye had been removed.-Pall Mall
Gazette.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
She Can Gossip in IS Tongues.

Marteina Kramers, of Rotterdam,
ranks among the first of women lin
gusts. She can read and speak thir-
teen languages, and there are few
men in the world who can equal that
record. Besides, she has sufficient
knowledge of seven other languages
to converse in them. and she has
planned to add new language to her
list every six months for several
years. Miss Kramers also ranks as
one of the most influential suffragette
in Europe. She is editor of Jus
Suffragii, the official organ of the
International Woman Suffrage AL
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

motors are arranged in pairs on each
side of the ships, and transmit power
to the propeller by suitable shafts
and gearing. For the purpose of
greater development of power two of
the motors are coupled together upon
one shaft. By arranging the motors
on both sides of the ship and connect
ing to two propellers facilitates access
and the transference of power. If
one of the motors gets out of order
the second motor still remains opera
tive.-Washingto Star
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
To Dispel Flesh.

If you are overstout, don't use
drugs.
They may bring on another evil
worse than flesh.
Use the flesh brush. Get a square
cornered clothes brush of manila
fibre.
At first the skin will be sensitive,
but use the brush gently and steadily
and it will not irritate.
Pay attention to the muscles OF the
shoulders and arms, and especially
the back of the neck where that I'M
slightly mound of flesh rises.
Whenever you can walk, do So.
Imagine that the trolley car engen-
ders disease.
When you feel sleepy so out in the
sunshine on an interesting mission.
Do your sleeping at night and omit
the afternoon nap. - New York
Times.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
E,9@ SIS 5ees9ss
11Iz3N rs RRRREE}Al2|:I;|[
G I'D Z - - A egD

serious, and they have more vitality
to resist disease.
Dark persons of either sex fret and
wear themselves to fiddlestrings with
nerves and emotional worries in a
manner most uncommon among the
more phlegmatic, fair-skinned people.
Authenticated people must be
judged alone. The mother of a
daughter with rudy gold locks and
dark eyes must be on the lookout for
trouble. The course of true love
rarely runs smoothly for the dark
eyed, authenticated girl.-New York
Telegram.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Auto Sleigh.

Automobile enthusiasts will be in
terested in an attachment designed b.
a Washington man whereby motor
cars can be easily transformed int
sleighs. Automobiles cannot be de
pended upon to travel over roads GOV
cred with deep snow or an icy sur
face, and this exhilarating sport mus
be forsaken in winter, at the time O,
year when it would be most appre
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Food For Fowls.

Oil cake or ground fax seed is a
very good food for growing fowls
and laying hens, especially during
moulting. 1t is one of the richest
foods we have in bone and feather
forming material, but it is too rich
to be given alone and should not con-
stitute more than ten per cent. of
The ration for fowls.-Farmer's Home
Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Band Stitching.

Very smart are the skirts with from
thirteen to nineteen cores, each seam
stitched on the outer side, so that it
seems to indicate narrow bias band.
To be very correct these skirts should
be four inches from the ground.
These skirts have been extremely
fashionable this summer, and in
heavier weights will be worn during
the next month or two.--Indianapoli
News.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

iiance, which has several branches in
this country. Miss Kramers is one
of the most optimistic of the workers.
She believes that within ten years
America and all the countries in Eu-
rope will extend suffrage to women
on equality with men.-New York
Press.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Novel Ship Propulsion.

A resident of Stettin, Germany. has
invented unique scheme of ship pro-
pulsion. which he has had patented
in the United States. This propelling
mechanism for ships is by means of
wind motors. doing away entirely
with steam or electricity The wind
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
Woodwork.

ANY boy who is clever with his
knife can make many pretty and use
full articles from dry branches of
trees. One shown here is a key
holder. the other photograph stand.
They are cut with a sharp pocket
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

The japanese were acquainted with
iron from very early times. A sword
that was used by one of the ances
tors of the present Emperor, about
500 B. c., is still in existence.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

Courts are a great expense to New
York City. The jurors alone last yeaI
cost $415.000. The year before thu
cost was s321,29s.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

knife and the different parts glued
together or nailed with thin wire
nails. The most important part about
1t is the Joining of the pieces. Notice
how the joints are cut to fit we'll to-
gether (see illustration). When the
keyholder frame is ready hooks and
rings should be screwed into 1t to
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

Fish For Invaids-A nice of cooking cod for nva
lids dry fish, sprinkle we'll with -four little
salt and dish which is well creased with
butter. Pour sufficient milk to bottom of dish
( about inch in if liked) Cover down and
cook hot until quite loose from the BONE bastng
all time This makes dish generally
being with relish quite fairness
being milk a sauce, being thick
| ened with the flour while cooking.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13
She Married a Chinaman.

One of the leading figures in the
Chinese colony of San Francisco is an
American woman who married Chi
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

In Saxony practically all OF the
live stock is stall fed 800 days OF
the year, and the largest portion the
full 365 days.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

hang the frame up and to hold the
keys. The back support of the photo
graph stand is fastened with thin
strips of leather nailed down over the
horizontal ends of the support
Washington Star.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

naman. She is a sister of Katherine
Clemens. who married Howard Gould,
who is suing her for q divorce Her
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

The city of New York estimates the
of its trees at 100000.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-13

| in England, where women still re-
main more or less vassals in the eyes
of the law.-New York Press.