davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03

above mentioned are aso of value in
maturing the lambs early, thus giving
the breeder the chance to put them on
the market at almost any age, from 6
weeks to a year.
The long woods place much more fat
in and upon their carcasses. thus not
giving as good quality OF carcass. but
heavy weights when mature sell at a
somewhat lower price.
Oxford Down is the largest and heay-
lest fleeced of all Down breeds; some
of it's heaviest specimens weigh over
400 pounds, and probably no breed, ex-
cept the Lincolns, have produced heav-
Ter weights. This is the second breed
in popularity in this country among
mutton breeds, as denoted by the num-
Der of breeds and animals recorded
The size, width of body, weight of
fleece, production of large, good lambs,
coupled with their smothness, quality
and hardness. are the qualifications
which are rapidly widening this breeds
field of popularity.
The Leicesters are not altogether sat
isfactory for the average farmer. They
are bit tender, but are fine of bone
and grow a fleece of excellent quality,
though sometimes it is too open or
thin.
The marked aptitude of the repre-
sentatives of this breed to fatten re-
suits In remarkable backs, and fire.
quently the same aptitude produces a,
soft and uneven covering.
The Border Leicester, originated from
an infusion of Cheviot blood, is gener-
ally stronger in bone and more vigor-
GUS than the English type.
But really it does not make so much
difference which of the standard breeds
you select so long as you study the
characteristics of your animals and be-
come thoroughly acquainted with your
flock.
Then stick to it. No matter IL YOU
are a bit disappointed in the first or
second years results. Do not jump to
the conclusion that the fault lies alto
gether in the breed. Maybe the owner
Is to blame.
Sheep raising cannot be learned in a
year. but when it is learned 1t will paw
better than the raising of any other
animals on the farm. We mean that
this is absolutely true when the work
Is done carefully and intelligently and
is stuck too for a series of years.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
DAIRY METHODS IN NEW JERSEY

! Inc farmer tries to have his COWS
caive during the first three months of
tne year They are housed at night
during the winter, being brought in
about o'clock In the afternoon, when
they are MIXED. each receiving about
tnfee-quarters of a bushel of roots and
some hay.
At s O'clock bundle of straw is Civ
| en- to each.
IN the morning they are MIXED ana
REQ about o'clock, again receiving the
same allowance of roots and hay, and
at are turned out to pasture.
Farmers endeavor to dry their cows
ABOUT a month or six weeks before
caiVing. Bran mashes are given them
ABOUT the time of calving and for a
fortnight thereafter, the only time this
food is used.
me bull calves intended for veal
are fed the milk Of their dams for
about six weeks. Heifer calves are in
variably reared
About two weeks after calving cows
are turned out on grass during the
daytime, II the weather be fine. the
general custom being to tether them.
ABOUT every three hours they are
moved and tethered in fresh spot.
Ihey are watered in the morning and
also at noon. and in warm weather
again In the evening.
IN the fall butter is made and crooked
for winter use.
a COW is in her prime at 6 years of
! age. and is considered to remain so I'm
til 10 years old
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
KEEPING APPLES IN THE GROUND

have kept apples until the next
Years crop ripened with little or no
TOT at cost not exceeding cents per
bushel as follows:
flick them as soon as ripe: store In
tne coolest place In an outbuilding, or
liie north side of trees will do; cover
ABOUT eight inches with straw, hay or
IKE material to exclude the sun and
i,snt' as apples keep better in the
dark.
AS soon as freezing weather comes
SORT the apples carefully. Then dig a
french twelve inches deep and about
three feet wide and Of, convenient
length; put in two or three inches of
straw, nay or crab grass-I use the
iaeter, Thfs, is to keep the apples
ciear OF the ground. Then put in the
apples about three high and cover with
Tue same material used to bed them
IN top of this put about three inches
OF dirt, which should be patted with
the back of the shovel, SO 1t will shed
water
When the ground freezes down to
the apples Tin fact let some of the
apples freeSe) cover the trench with
ABOUT twelve inches OF hay or corn fod-
der arranged to shed water and keep
the frost till spring.
ABOUT the last of April the apples
may be sorted and all those that show
signs OF rot placed in the cellar or any
other cold place.
You Will find the apples kept this
way VIII be fresh and crisp-much
oet1ers than IL kept in the cellar.
! put very few apples in our cellar,
ana that is when I take them out of
the trench as we wish to use them. as
the trench is unhandy to open and
close.
care must be taken when opening to
keep cut frost and air and WARMTH
Jacob Faith, Missouri
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
START A FLOCK OF SHEEP
Go Slow at First, Use Good
Stock and Profit Is Sure
to Follow.

SIX or ten good ewes are quite
enough for a starter if you are think
ing OF going into sheep raising ON the
average farm. 1t is not good plan to
start on a larger scale because there
are many things to learn. Some people
imagine sheep will thrive on weeds, in
inud and rain, but they arc vastly mis-
taken
While sheep pay well thy are toll
erably particular about their food and
If they are not kept dry and warm will
not thrive.
They are subject to foot rot and nod :
ular diseases, too. and the man who
mas never handled sheep will find
plenty of things to trouble him in the
start.
The middle Wool breeds, when fat
tened, both layer and marble their
meat WELL This quality makes then,
winners both on foot and on the block
and popular with buyer and consumer.
Their good fiesh-making qualities
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
CEMENT FLOORS TOO COLD?
Editor of Hoard's Dairyman
and T. B. Terry Differ as to
the Effect on Cows.
By T. B. TERRY, OHIO.

When Ex-Governor Hoard, the we'll
known editor of Hoards Dairyman
was walking through our stables a
short time ago I noticed that he looked
very thoughtful. He was walking on
the cement floor that the cows stand
on and looking at it.
1t seems to me an ideal floor. 1t is
never slippery in the least, as we have
1t built 1t does not soak up filth like
wooden floor. 1t is in as perfect
condition to-day as when built practi-
cally. The wear. seems to be almost
nothing. I was enthusiastically saying
something Of the kind to friend Hoard.
YES" he says, but it is cold. 1t is
cold bed for the tender udder of the
COW. If were going to put one in my
barn I think would have plank floor
over 1t for the cows to lie on
I was surprised at this statement
from so Intelligent and observing a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
NO MUD FOR HOGS

Ihere are some farmers who are
impressed with the belief that hogs dc
not require mud wallows in summer
anu then there are others who declare
That hog that does not have access
TO a mud hole cannot thrive. There is
no doubt that a hog is "hog" III his
habits largely because he does not have
chance to be decent
lie needs a great deal of water in
hot weather, and if he cannot get il
he will take mud as the next best
thing. A hog rushes to mud hole to
cool off. He comes out and the mud
dries on his skin
The next mud bath he takes adds an
other layer to that already dried on
and in a short time the pores of his
skin are completely clogged up with
mud.
Now, a hog cannot thrive with his
pores all closed any better than man
dirty man is never a perfectly
healthy man nor is g. dirty hog a per-
fectly healthy animal
If hog has access to a deep pool of
water, as he should in hot weather, he
will keep clean and thrive much more
than if he lies around in a mud hole
made filthy by long continued use.
Most farmers who supply bathing
place for their hogs make them SO
shallow that they are soon converted
into mud holes.
On our home farm we usually kept
from thirty to fifty pigs and they had
a pool Of water fed by stream, and it
was deep enough for them to swim in.
The sides were dug down sharply and
were laid with cobble stones for dis
lance of four or. five feet from the
waters edge.
The pool was always reasonably
clean; we never had trouble with
mango or lice, and when on two occa-
sions cholera swept through the coun-
try our hogs were nos affected.
The hogs never used the pool unless
the weather was extremely hot. We
do not believe in the mud idea for
hogs or filth of any kind for other ami
mals.-J. b. Miller, illinois.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
THE MORTGAGE LIFTERs

select bears and sows from large lit
ters -
The digestive powers Of the hogs are
the feeders fouIdation of success.
Similarity. of breeding stock pro-
duces offspring of much greater value.
Do not compel the pigs to lie in wet.
muddy nests over night, and never al
low them to become chilled. Pneumonia
is Just as likely to occur with pigs as
with human beings, although the pig
is more certain to recover. However.
1T is an unfavorable condition and not
wanted
The best thing for the young pigs Is
to get them out on the ground and into
the sunshine. 1t is almost impossible
to secure thrifty young pigs unless they
have sunshine, exercise and yard to
run in.
The business of breeding pure bred
swine is business by itself and 1t
should not be undertaken by any one
who cannot keep records straight and
who is not willing to invest good money
for improved blood.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
MILK COMPANY GETS A LESSON

Near Chicago last winter one of the
largest milk companies in the west al
lowed it's men at one of its bottlins
places in country town to become
careless. They used water from a pond
instead of spring to wash the YES
sells, because it was handler. The pond
water was bad and the result was an
epidemic of scarlet fever in the town
which was traced directly to the pond.
The local papers took the matter up
and there was thorough cleaning-up
around that bottling establishment and
many unctuous promises to be good.
but the milk company lost a tremen
dous amount of business on account of
the scare. 1t taught the managers an
other lesson on the value of cleanliness
and made big dent in the dividend
pot
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
BOYS HusrLlNe FOR EDUCATION

The statement Is published by
Knox Ill) college that by far the
larger per cent of the new students
entering last year came with the in
tention of earning all or part of their
expenses While in college. The same
authority says that more of the old
students are working this year than
ever before at Knox. At least 65 per
cent of the student body are support
ing themselves to some extent Some
are doing reporting work on the local
newspapers. some have positions with
the merchants Of the city, especially
the clothiers, others wait on tables at
restaurants and lunch counters for
their board, while still others find 1t
better to do general work for certain
families in return for board and room.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
THE LITTLE GENERAL FARM

A neighbor of ours makes poultry a
strong side line of his farming. He
grows great variety of plants and
keeps and feeds a variety of. animals.
His poultry sales amount to nearly 5000
each year and he feeds his grown
chickens nothing except what they pick
up about the place. but through his
methods of cropping and feeding they
secure an abundance and respond ac-
cordingly.
From the sheep he has wool to sell
in early spring and lambs later in the
summer, and from the hogs he sells
from 500 to 5000 worth every two on
three months.
Any general farmer who plans and
executes can grow a variety of plants
and animals on small farm rnaks
good money from the crops and at ths
same time build up his land faster
than by special cropping H. shep-
ard.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03

man. We have used this floor fo,
quite number OF years for cows, with.
out any trouble, practically. Hun
dreds, yes, thousands, of others are
now using them with equally good re-
suits. These floors are common now
In many sections.
Hardly large barn is built where
they are not put in. Out of the hun
dreds OF letters we have received dur
ing the past few years from those who
We're Induced to try them not one
single man. so far as I can remember
has ever complained Of garget troubles
caused by the GOODNESS of the floors.
certainly think Mr.. Hoard is over
cautious. He told of trouble at their
station, but I am sure there was Some
mistake, that there was some other
cause, and it Is the surety of long ex-
perience.
IT must be about twenty years since
the writer began pushing the cement
moor as the thing for progressive farm
ers. if properly built and used. Mean-
while, he has stood before hundreds Of
audiences composed partly of actual
users of such floors.
How surely they would have cow
planned If they had found any trouble
The floor is cool; SO is the ground DIR
ing much of the pasturing season. But
| cannot believe 1t liz ever cool eno,,pn
in warm stable, where a nronar
amount of bedding is used, to cause
any injury to the udders. The facts
with us bear out this view.
Governor Hoard told OF using baled
shavtngs at cost of $500 a ton FOR
bedding. These make a nice bed, h,,t n re-
readily misplaced We have used stra ~
freely for bedding. should think ths
shavings would be better.
When the institute work first began
and farmers were shown the manur,.I
value of urine there was a call at once
for floor that would save It all nrac-
tically. ! built one Of boards and ga.
tar, laying two thicknesses, breakine
joints. 1t saved the liquid. but woulS
hardly last more than eight years.
Then l began to get hold of the CO.
ment floor idea. The objections of slim
perry and cold and expensiveness we've
urged for time. But gradually we
found how it could be built cbeanIv
costing no more perhaps than timber
and planks.
Then by using fine gravel in the NOR
tar and not smoothing the surface
down with a trowel, but using
wooden float last, the floor could be
made less slippery than any plank floor
and still smooth enough to shovel on.
Then the bugbear of coldnes was
overcome by using bedding freely. This
one should do anyway to absorb Ho,,id
and make COWS comfortable. And then
many farmers want to turn as much
straw as possible into manure.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
FENCE RAIL PHILOSOPHY

The difference between whole mill
and skim milk is RI fat cali.
Big crops everywhere this season
may mean lower prices, but it is bet
ter that everybody should have a little
to sell at low prices than a few should
have plenty to sell at high prices.
We once knew farmer who was
too lazy to mend his fences and made
his dogs drag the hogs out of the
corn feld by the ear. Last time we
saw him he was working in ditch in
Hancock county, Illinois, for dollar
and half day
Fine peaches We're selling at 81 a
bushel wholesale in the Chicago mar
ket a few days ago, but the house
wife paid $3.50 delivered at her kitchen
door, Great is the middleman,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
TIME FOR OATS LAND

An application of 1000 pounds OF
lime per acre was practically as eff
cfent in case of oats as an application
OF 1000 pounds in tests made at the
New Jersey station. In the case of
clover the larger application gave the
better results. Lime in the form Of car
Donate produced more dry matter than
nitrogen and ash burned lime. The re-
suits of the studies of nitrogen flxation
were quite irregular, but agree in gen
eral in indicating that the addition az
fertilizer materials increased nitrogen
txation and that carbonate of lime IA
vored nitrogen fixation to greater a~ :
tent than burned lime.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
UNCLEAN DAIRY MUST GO

The old fashioned unclean dairy
must go. 1t cannot compete with the
modern dairy The time is coming, and
soon, too, when milk from a dirty
dairy cannot be sold. Most Of the big
milk and creamery companies now
make provision in their farmer con-
tracts for uniform feeding and clean
dairy and the local newspaper reporters
keep pretty close tab on the dairy
farms and the milk companies and the
demand for pure milk is becoming more
emphatic all the time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
GET CLOSE TO MARKET

Location plays an important part in
business The man who lives a long
distance from market will seldom find
1t profitable to grow small fruit that
must be hauled several miles In the
sun to be marketed. The man who
lives a long distance from market
should try to sell finished products
from his farm. Butter eggs, cheese
pork, beef and mutton are all finished
products that can be successfully MAJ
ksted for long distances.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
MILK QUALITY ALWAYS COUNTS

Quality of milk as we'll as quantity
should be considered in determining
the value Of COW, says the Massachu-
sets station. Butter fat is what the
dairyman is after. The worth Of the
COW is not so much the breed as what
she can do
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
STRONG AND SAFE SLED FOR HILLS

Any boy with some knowledge of
tools can make a sled as shown in pic
ture. Get 2 blacksmith to make. the
truss rod, and the steering bar should
also be made of iron. BY use of these
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
A BIG POTATO CROP

J. II. Johnson of Hamilton county
ONO, writes that he raised an average
OF ~ bushels of potatoes on ten acres
this season, and they are all of fine
quality Being unable to obtain help
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03

under 1t, and extend inside to the end
OF the trench. Scattern corn along the
trench from outside and the partridges
VIII eat their way in and come out on
the inside of the trench, but thew will
not go out through the trench, but will
attempt to get out through the doors Of
the trap.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03

Small, unstable potatoes, even if
slightly affected with blight. make fine
feed for pigs when boiled. But they
should have plenty of SKINNED milk
along with the tubers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
sURE.cATCH PARTRIDGE TRAP

The picture will show how to make
the trap itself The tunnel should be
about four inches wide and four inche.
deep, beginning exactly in the middle
of the foundation and extending ont
under one side. Cover this trench i'm
side the pen, beginning against the
foundation stick where the trench roe.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
NEBRASKA DUROC.lERsEY

The Durocs are a red haired hog
and run from $50 to $50 pounds when
about year old. Sometimes they
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
EARLY ALBERTA PEACH

This picture shows basket of seed
ling Albertas. They ripen with the
Early Crawford. although the flavor
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03

trusssrods the sled is made very strong
ana the planks need not be as heavy
as though none were used. Always
use an iron steering gear, as wooden
ones are likely to break
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03

Keep your heart and your hide clean
and your self-respect will take care Of
itself
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03

Professor John Craig of Cornell says
that in his mind the most promising
varieties of apples are the Wealthy
Macintosh, Sutton, and Rome Beauty.
These are particularly we'll adapted to
eastern New York or Connecticut.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03
MILLET FOR LATE CROPS

Millet as late crop to plant In case
Of the failure Of the corn crop or fail
ure to get corn planted at all is recon-
nended by the Ohio station. The car
lier sorts can be seeded through July
and make fair yields. May is the most
common use made of the crop and for
this it compares very favorably with
timothy both in composition and di-
gestibiiity. 1t is good feed for cattle,
horses and sheep, but when overripe
should not beSfed to horses exclusively
as 1t affects the kidneys. Miilet is also
grown for pasture seed and even for
silage. AS q soil cleaner 1t is also
almost equal to a summer fallow.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-12-03

OF nearly all Albertas during the past
year is said to have been more or less
bitter. They grow very large and
make excellent market peaches.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1908-12-18
D. D. c. ENTER PROTEST
Georgia Daughters Object to
Removal Of Wirx Monument.
CALL FOR A CONVENTION
Il Is Claimed That Only Few Were in
Attendance When Monument Was
rendered to Richmond. Virginia.

Atlanta, Ga--The subject OF the
Wtrg monument Is again before the
public, brought about by the action
Of q number Of prominent Georgia
women, who have signed q petition
sent to the chapter presidents OF the
United Daughters OF the Confederacy
Of Georgia. asking that call be made
Tor a convention Of daughters &c re-
consider the action Of the recent state
convention, United Daughters OF the
Confederacy. In Savannah. In tender
ing the monument TO the city OF Rich
mond.
The new turn OF affairs in the mat
ter Of the monument comes as q sen
sation to the patriotic women OF the
state. though there has been openly
expressed dissatisfaction on the part
ef many as TO the recent Official &C
tton taken upon the question where
the monument should finally be To-
Gated.
The petitioners who ask that the &C
ton CT the state convention BE recon
ssdered are: Mrs. Helen Plane, hon
Orary president Georgia United
Daughters az the ConSederacy; Mrs.
J. X otllev. chairman from Georgia
Shiloh monument: AIRS. R. E. PARK.
Mrs. J. c. Olmstead. Atlanta; Mrs. A.
q. Hull. chairman committee on ar
arrangements WirE monument, Savan-
nah. Mrs. James Jackson. Atlanta:
Mrs. Lee Trammei, state registrar.
Madison; Mrs. A. q. Harper. EIber-
ton: Mrs, r. l. Nisbet, irst vice pres
tGent Gecrgfa division Marietta. Mrs
r. IL Loyejoy. HawkinsvRle: Mrs. p.
IL Gcdrey. auditor Georgia division.
Ccvington; Mss NJ. 3. Sheihley. re-
eord.ug secretary. Rome: Miss Ida
Holt. Macon: Mrs. T. Q. Chesfney.
Macon Mrs. W. D. Lamar, first vice
president. Macon.
They state that at the recent ses-
sion Of the Georgia division. United
Daughters os the Confedeyacy. in its
BLESSING hours. when the representa-
tion was greatly depleted. a resolution
70 cEer TO the city Of Richmond the
monument TO Captain Wirz. which all
the women Of Georgia had helped to
build. was carried BY q majority Of
only two Of the voting power present
So much dissatisfaction is expressed
q this result thronKhout the state
and by interested delegates from the
various states AZ the general conven-
ticn Ia Atlanta. that they feel impell-
ed 60 protest and ask that they Be
toined In a call for reconsideration Of
the question. which can only be done
by 8 request from twc-thirS1S of the
chapters in the state.