davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05

Among the Iulus these klaais arc
circular in shape, With the cattle pen
in the center, and tho huts running
around il. In Mutabnland they arc
somewhat irregular and III other re-
giuns they arc built like Il horseshoe
with the cattle kraul near the opening.
The cattle are herded during the dan
time and are always kept in the kraais
ut night.
The ltraals usually contain all the
houses of the village. These are Oh
different shapes IN different localities,
In Matabeland they consist of II
framework of twigs woven together
and plastered with mud, and in Zulu
land they are matched down to the
ground In many parts of Rhouesi;t
the houses are made OF clay from the
white ant hill. This is u natural
buildings. In that country the negroes
have granaries Of mud, and they also
make pigeon houses of it and put
them on high poles To protect tho
birds from wild animals and dogs,
The ordinary granary Is the size OF
in one side, which is stopped up witt,
clay after the grain is put in, In
Zululand the grain is kept in huge
baskets inside of the huts.
OWN SEVERAL HOUSES.
In a kraal like this one man OWLS
several houses. corresponding to his
number of wives. In the principal
hut he will live with tho great Wife
and on the right of that Will be the
hut for the spouse known as the
wife of the right hand while on the
left will be that devoted to the wife
of the ancestors" whose children are
supposed to carry the honors of the
family. IT there are other wives
their huts are built further over Each
-, itEl II
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05

dark little Woman, perhaps five feet
tall. who was, the mother of ms
eight children, including the Bala-
lllaya born. Several years ago, after
his six living children had scattered
over the United States, they celebrat-
ed their golden wedding i'll their own
quiet way, sud last winter the little
mother left her Welsh fusileer for
ever
terminated in the South African war:
when Prince, Bonapart was killed,
he said. regretfully, but proudly
.How did / happen to get into the
Crimean trouble? NIA, father was
warden of the parish. which, under
IN. uuota. was obliged. to. raise "a
ol,Inteers. We didn't think there was
going to be serious trouble then, SO
when father asked me if
wanted to go to the war we all looked
~ II as a Joke But / said yes, en-
listed. and was soon after married
and went to the drilling camp at
Haverford West on the coast of Wales
where between 5000 and 1000 green
volunteers We're put through the man
ual and taught to fire gun
remember one public meeting heia
there was attended by 1000 men ana
910 volunteered for service. Bu., .as
said. the whole affair seemed more
a Joke than real war; We all Noitin-
teered for five wears 10 serve her
majesty the queen, either in Great
Rritian or elsewhere, for $40, paid
in INSTRUMENTS Our daily rations
we're one pound of potatoes and. each
company of 100 men was allowed 10
have four womeri-son1 etimes wives,
sometimes not, for most of the enilst-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05

81 remember Lord Roberts also-thcn
q minor lieutenant. Gen. Kitchener
was then a little Irish hoy four years
old. | had great admiration for Gen.
Pelissier, tile French commander. Both
French officers and men Were fine SOL.
dicrs in those days. aud showed dash
and endurance which have never been
excelleG, Their final assault on Fort
MalallDff was superb. and they gave
and took the cold steel in way which
we before imagined was typically Eng
clibbed rifles, pistols. gun hammers,
pickaxes, stones-anything To beas
their way in. They filled the ditch with
their dead, crossed II. scaled the para
pet. struggled up the slope to the old
stone tower of the Alalaknff planted
the tri-culor on the walls and then
sent WORD 10 our Gen. Simpson that
they would gladly assist him in the
capture of Fort Redan The failure of
the British assault on Redan was not
for want of stubborn bravery, and the
Losses of the Royal Welsh Fusileers
We're severe beyond parallel, but the
retirement Of the Russians across the
harhor and the firing and burning of
Sebastopol made a repetition of the at
tempt unnecessary.
"But the two great British cavalry
charges ut Balakalve occurred nearly
year before the fall of Sebastp-.
pol The Russians had captured the
heights from the Turks and several
batteries of artillery The the RUS
sian cavalry attacked the Ninety
Third Highlanders the only infantry
regiment on the p1ains-the red
streak, as Sir Colin called them, tip
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05

eminent tbnras ,,,b,
,r, "i'ei' 'ie gets a divorce.
ne nut taxes OF Cape Colony are
I.out ~ shlllings per year per family.
rourteen shilings is the amount Of
aii : taS IN Natal and 10 that of RhOd-
I D Lhey recently raised the tax in
,.,,, t ~ TO so, and in Natal a higher
taee 10 paio upon all houses of Europ-
eii II, construction,
.,.;, .se, laaeS may seem low to Am
i1,,,, puL theF are large in compar-
~ - 80, me, ehe wages OF the people, and
- ~ a., ~ .n;lt theS lead to the crowdng
m r.e iat,Ves, several families or I'M
W. 'uuits otten living in one hut.
AMONG; THE AE1p ,ro,,
90 ~ W w E-N'
So far only a small proportion of the
South African negroes has been great
~ influenced by the whites There are
altogether between five and six mil
lion aborigines below the Congo Free
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05
Schools Wand-Labor and WagcsThree
Dollar Per DayHow the Natives Taxed-Thcir Lands
And How Hed-A Look Katir Kraal-Oueer Customs Etc

farm on which the boys work and all
sorts OF manua! training arc taught.
The morning hours are devoted TO
study and recitations, and part OF
each afternoon to work upon the larln
and in the gardens and shops. Inc
school has its military drills and physl-
cal training, II has Il brass band ana
the white and black boys play cricket
together. Every Friday evening there
is n literary society and there are oc-
casional lectures. papers and debates
The girls have their own industrial
work. and learn dressmaking. cooking.
and laundering during their stay 1t is
not difficult for Lovedale graduate to
get a job Many of the former students
are now Interpreters, some are clerks in
the government offices. while others are
employed in the stores.
THREE CENTS VS.. ONE DOLLAR
PER DAY.
In Kimberley and Johannesburg, the
great centers of the gold and diamond
industries. natives are now paid about
81 per day This is considered cnOr-
NOUS wages for this part of the world
Only generation ago natives We're
paid 8 cents for 10 or IL hours Work.
Then an AK would buy an OK and
string Of glass beads pay a negro for
carrying; Il load OF 20 pounds n Nhlindred
miles through the wildS. These! are
the wages that still prevail i'll parts of
Uganda, British East Africa and Ger
man East Africa. and the white men
there will tell you that ii is wrong to
pay more
I-remember talk which ! had with
q government official of British Cen
trail Africa, We We're talking about
the native labor and ] asked whether
it was possible to ger any work out of
the blacks of Nyassaland. He replied:
Yes, we get some work from them,
but both the government and private
individuals are spelling the labor4mar
ket. The African is n great big child,
with the muscle of q man. He ought to
be treated as child and be punished
when he is bad II used TO be so that
the officials had this power TIA native
did not obey ne was brought up for
punishment He was then laid down
on the ground and given 10 lashes or
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05
OF long ago there was re-
union in Canada of the, sur
vivnrs OF the Light Brigade

~ | union in Canada OF the sur
vivnrs OF the Light Brigade,
which made the charge at
Baaklava, and of zoo men VINO
emerged from the storm of shol
AMI shell half Il century ago
fvt old British heroes met
10 elate their experiences since aic
10 zee what tricks their memories
would play on them in relating ms
t0rit event which brought them 20
ecth,r. OF the five survivors three
werclresidents OF the states and two
Of thu Dominion. but not one OF them
had prettier tale to relate than Il
Crimen soldier who was not there.
brglt-eyed. gliZzly-haired. suaignt
and lelg-strided Welshman-a res
dent Il Chicago and now. in ms
seventN1fth year, just returned from
a visit n a FARMER son in 1oWa, VINO.
n November, S54 was born near the
battlefield of BalaklaYa soon after the
famous charge, while the huSpaha
"as member. of the Welsh fus,-
eers.
For many years there were few in
we Vicinit of certain section OF the
Vest side in that city, who did not
: konw this shoemaker and Methodist
hShorter. 1t was often difficult 10
F'rtermine N which line he was most
skiilful. Ee was IA good workman.
clear tinker, and forcefui speak
and While he vigorously ham
Mered his lat. he was eagerly snatch
hS scraps finn the books placed con-
seniently ar,und him and dtgesting
mem for pistform use. lowering IN
me background was usually q thin,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05

eminent grants are about onc-third as
much per pupil for the natives as for
the whites, and the education given
them is but little more than the three
RS, II is the same in Natal and also
in Basutoland and Rhodesia There are
now about $4,000 pupils in Cape Colony,
5000 in Natal aud 10000 in Basitoland.
The Kafirs of the citic.; are fast com
ing to- he realization that schooling
pays, and they are now anxious that
their childrcn should learn. a Jo
Ylannesburg merchant told me of Il XII
S7ir tenant of his who was educating
his 16yeal'-od daughter. Flo was asked
why he did so and replied that he had
noticed that the white man WAS of little
value without an education, and, If so,
why not the black man? He said that
he did not know that his girl would
teach school, but that he was bound
she should learn
At present the negro here has no OPP
portunity to get II college education.
He is not allowed to 90 into the uni
versities Of South Africa, and as Il rule,
the. people would rather. keep him un-i
educated. They look upon the natives
as their God-created hewerS Of woon
and drawers of water, and they want
them to continue so. They would ra-t
tier that they should not ownreai es-
tate nor go iEto business. The me-
.chanies and foremen. among the whites,
would rather not have the blacks learn
trades, and they desire to keep the la
Dor of the two races distinct
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05

above and below ground, and report rs
to the treatment of the negroes. New
crthelcss, the white mine ovcrseer is
omnipotent, and he can abuse the ma
tive if he will. | asked the American
foreman of the underground workings
of a mine in which 1000 negroes We're
employed whether he could punish his
men If they did not do as he wished.
HI replied:
There is no trouble about that. IL
You want to mash the face of "A negro
down here all you have to do is to see
that you get him alone in one part OF
the workings. You can then treat him
as you will. and if he makes any com
plant you can say he assaulted you.
The word Of the black man is never
taken here as against that of the white
man, and 50 we can run things about
as we please.
kAFIR LANDS.
The kafrs own land all over South
Africa. In many places the land still
belongs to the chiefs, subject to the
rights of their tribesmcn, and the chief
has no right to sell or trade it away.
In southern .Rhodesia the native COM
missioners assign the land for huts and
grazing, giving each kraal so much.
When Cecil Rhodes died he ordered
that the natives on his farms be >un-
disturbed, and large blocks of govern
ment lands have been set aside for
agriculture in different parts OF Rhod-
esia. In Natal something like 5000
acres We're transferred to q, trust more
than SO years ago, and this trust was
to give all the rents and profits from
it TO one tribe.
A few years later another native
trust was given 100000 acres and
this is still administered for the Kafirs
of Natal. Within the last few years
the native lands have been fenced off
from those of the Europeans, and the
boundariese between the tribes defined.
In that colony about one-half of the
negroes live in kraals. on private lands,
paying from So to $25 per hut to the
owners of their farms. which con-
sist Of from 1900 to 5000 acres each.
One of these farms will have a group Of
natives upon it, and the group will be
governed by its hereditary chief or
,headman Every kraal will cultivate
from five 10 10 acres of land, and the
remainder is used for grazing in COM
mon.
IN a KAFIR 1SRAAL.
I had n good chance 10 see something
Matabeleland ana Bechuanaland, and
| also met strange tribes who are allied
to them in Northwestern Rhodesia.
Nearly all the natives live in what
are known as kraals These are little
mud villages, surrounded by mud walls
or fences of brush.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05
Special Correspondence.

Special Correspondence.
~APE 4ToWN.--'rhc white people
here are becoming excited over
the negro question. During the
past six months I have visited
every colony south OF the Zambesi and
the better class of Europeans every
where, have fears Of a race war IN the
future. IN the United States we have
one negro to every nine or ten whites
Hero the proportion is almost reversed
There arc moro than five blacil men To
every white man, and the black men.
are beginning to appreciate their pos
sibilities. Within the past year or 50
they have been stirred up by some mis-.
slonarics of their own race, who are
said to come from the United States.
The sect is known as the Ethiopian
Episcopalians and they are 1t work In.
Natal. Cape Colony and the Transvaal..
Their pastors preach the equality of the
races and urge them to stand UP fo;
their rights.
have seen negroes. in all-thc cities of
South Africa. They wear European
clothes and the crowds one sees about
the stations. arc. assfully, clad as, are the
negroes of our small southern towns.
In many localities they are beginning
to resent their treatment by the whites.
In johannesburg. for instance they OBJ
ject to the laws which keep them off
the sidewalks and allow, them to go OH
-, ia In art rnn1 when walk
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1908-12-05

so with Il hppopotamus whip. This
hurt him somewhat, but he took ii as a
matter of course and did better there
after. Now the laws are such that
we can only imprison him for small
offenses. land we have to1try him before
we can give him corporal punishment.
As to labor this man continued,
the negro works all right If you do NOT
raise his wages. When We first entered
British Central Africa he was satisfied
With u shilling. Then we gave him
three shillings, and now private
parties have come In and are
building a railroad; they want
steady labor and are Offering six shil-
lings.'
six shilings? a dollar and half
a day." | asked
much. and the worst Of ii is that the
native will expect that wages right
along, and he cannot see why he should
not have 1t. il isaa great mistake.
TANNING THE NATIVES.
IN dollar and half a month is 3
cents 4 day" said y l. '.Thatrdoes not
seem much to me. And even out of
those. wages. | suppose the natives have
to pay taxes.
Yes. we collect 6 shllings n year
from the well TO do and those who have
the cash; and we make all others give
us a months work on the roads or he
must bring a certificate from his en-
ployer Showing that he has done work
to the amount of three shillings, when
his taxes are remitted." Fl
IN other words, every black man
must give one month OF every year to
the government said l.
Yes, it amounts to about that was
the reply.
In South Africa the natives are
charged hut tax. and they also have
to payidog taxes and wife taxes Every
time a man is married he pays 10
shillings to the government. of which
a portion goes back to his chief. In
Cape Colony he pays q license fee of
from 81 cents to SIPS on every dog over
thrRe months old, and the dog tax of
Natal is about the same. In one year
the natives of Natal paid 100000 in
marriage fees. and am told that a
black man has to pay SIS to the gov
New-York tribune., 1908-03-13
CENTRAL PUSHING YORK
May Run Electric Trains to Tonkfrs
Within Nert T7co Weeks.

Commuters the New York Central between
New York and 1onkers have been witnessing
demonstration of the return of business confidence
and prosperity in the last few days as they have
travelled down TO their work. The railroad is as
busy as mining camp after complete suspen-
sion OF construction work for several months pre-
pairing for the extension OF the electric zone for
vanced that il Is expected that trains will be run
ming through to Yonkers without change of motive
power in two or less.
Last summer much of the construction work in
laying the third rail beyond Highbridge was fin
lsi1ed. and work was begun the elimination of
grade crossings in the city of YonkeIs. At that
time it was intended to rush work on new sta
flon in foukers eliminate ali grade crossings in
the city and extend the electric Croon early
this year Opposition by property owners blocked
some of these plans. and the elevation of the
tracks through the centre city and the erec-
ton Of the station We're temporarily held I'D
by the Common Council. The Tribune published
the facts OF this attempted hod-up. and the op-
position in the council ceased almost at once
Work suspended In October and notfins
was done until this month Then temporary Plat
forms laid at all the stations above SD,1yten
Duyvi fences were built make it impossible for
passengers TO come in contact with the third rail-
and plans We're made for electric service 10 Yonll-
ers without the laying Of the third rail across
grade crossings.
eliminating grade crossings at Ludlow and in two
three other parts Of Yonkers have been settled
the tracks will be elevated and the electric zone
viii be pushed to Croton, and eventually Peels-
kill i'll accordance with the original plans This
work Will be finished, with the delays that
have occurred far. before the improvements on
the Grand Central Station are fully made
New-York tribune., 1908-03-13
WHERE CUPID IS ACTIVE.

The P0rtia Club learned yesterday afternoon th,s
Panama is a paradise for nurses Miss rysls,
Varfck Boswell told the members az Their meat.
ing the Hotel Astor that they have the xreass,s
difficulty in keeping the hospitals supplied vvt,
nurses because of the activities Of Cupid
The married men are so much more comfor+a-
ble on the tsrhnlus than the unmarried men" Sat5
Miss Boswell. that the latter al anxious Z,
change their state quickly possible rta
the result that hospital lost seventeen r,-,e,
between April and June last year. and man,
nurses never ger the staff They bacor,
engaged on the steamer and marry soon a,
they land When 7 was in Panama organizing n.
Canal Zone Federation Of Wonea's Clubs the hos.
pftais begged 20 send them nurses. bur roe
young and pretty ones They want women who ar.
not young and plain possible in appearance
The men Of Panama earn good salaries. too 1.
seems 30 TO per cent more than they could ear,
here. aEd. the government gives them a hou.s
and furniture. they have to buy only what they
eat and wear There are no theatres other
places OF amusement TO spend money on. and 8,
they have splendid chance TO save
Mrs Ida Hustled Harper read paper on 'Ths
Status of Women Under the Federal Constitution
and said that the Constitution a dead hand
holding the women of the United States in poiti.
cal subjection-
New-York tribune., 1908-03-13
SHAKESPEARE'S WOMEN.
Great Poets Heroines Subject of DR.. Walsh
Lectures for Canccrous Poor.

nv-ban hear women say il is too bad that the
sex problem occupies large part OF the mod
ern drama and then see them going 10 tls
theatre. I don't know what think. said Dr.
Iames 7 walsh Yesterday afternoon in the
opening lecture of a series on Shakespeares
women which he is giving at ST Stepheh IS man,
2Sth street. near Lexington avenue, for the oene-
fit of the destitute cancer patients or the ser
wants Of Relief
WHY the reason managers put play on the
stage is that the audience wants IT.. the lecturer
went on "and nine-tenths of the theatre au-
diences of to-day women
"Shakespeare writing for men-for few won-
en- went to the theatre in his -day-paid little at
tention 10 the sexual problem. There was an
ugly one in the original Hamlet story. and
Shakespeare rubbed it out When poet writes
much of the sexual problem, from the sexual
point of view, you may be sure he is not great
poet For that problem is small part of life.
though it has been most sadly dragged INTO
modern literature"
Women in Life as Shakespeare Saw Them"
is the titular subject of DR. Walsh's course He
pointed out that while Shakespeare painted no
man without flaw he created many heroineS
who stand in unflawed dignity He represented
woman the superior force in life. and wom-
ans failure 10 lift those she loves out of the
consequences of their own errors makes the es-
sence of most of his tragedies. as il does of the
tragedies of all great poets. Though men are
supposed not to think much of women" said DR..
Walsh "men in great literature have almost
all pictured beautifully. have put them
on a higher plane than they would dare put
themselves.
DR. Walsh drew a graphic picture of the Lon
don of Shakespeare's time. London which
merely to think of almost makes you hold your
nose ne said. Yet in this London of filthy,
sunless streets-a London. too, of than
fifty thousand souls-such audiences throaged
to see Shakespeare's plays that generally his
plays for from four to six months. and he