New-York tribune., 1908-12-28
WANT NO RECIPROCITY
Conditions Which Satisfy Canada
Icith Present Tariff Relations.

wants reciprocity and points to the large trade
between the two countries 70 their long line OF
invisible frontier. T. their interlacing and varied
material interests Andrew Carnegie has always
favored a commercial and continental union along
fiscal lines, with the hope of ultimate racial re-
union of some underlined character He noE sd-
rnfts. however. that in countries such as the
United States and he might have added
as Canada still is it seems clearly advisable TO
courage capital by protective duties when ueees-
sary for the development Of new industries Les
lie NJ. Shaw wants commercial union, with q COM
bined tariff against outside countries and identical
labor immigration laws. 1t IS natural for
United States pubcists and newspapers 70 think
that Canada would benefit by closer trade and tar
If relations with the Republic great nation and
4 small one. n immense and CLAIMANT market
and comparatively tiny and scattered one. trs-
mendous capital and enterprise and smaller invest
ments and activities, great industrial and agri-
cultural development and apparently dormant re-
sources and riches. lie side by side.
What however, Is the Canadian view Il would
appear TO have thresfold aspect-nattonal. in
ternationaI and imperial The elements Of first
consideration include the principle of self-protec-
ton. the guardianship of home interests and in
dustries, of primary instinct Of local pride
and personal patriotism. This combination Of feel
iugs would most naturally occur in new coun-
try and amid people placed in control Of vast
undeveoped spaces of the earths surface II was
at first gradual growth, Vatered by the Cniteo
States tariff policy Of exclusion. helped by Brit
ish ignorance of Canadian conditions and British
love Of free trade cosmopoIitanism and promoted
BY abstract development OF Canad1an1sIn IN
which it has come to form the principal part In
1856 every substantial Canadian interest vas
bound up in reciprocal relations with the States
Farmers reaped a golden harvest from the great
grain market to the south: manufacturing indus
tries were not sufficiently developed to feel the
pinch OF competition. r1inor trade interests de-
pending upon coutigufty hourished greatly Aoro-
CATION Of the treaty altered all this.
Confederation followed and with II came an
average Canadian tariff Of l7lz per cent upon
United States products utich however. was chief
Iy Of a revenue character in its intent In 1873
The national policy Of protection was inaugurated
American manufactures we're excluded 70 a consld-
erabIe degree and wherever il could be deemed de-
sirabIe for ndustries-present or prospective
Farmers were taught that hone market devel-
oped BIZ growing manufactures, expanding towns
and cities prosperous workmen. increasing settle
ulent and revenues which permitted the building
of railways and canals better than a neigh
boring foreign market no matter how large and
wealthy All the efforts of Liberal advocacy IN
Canada during the latter SOS. the pressure OF the
Mckinley and other American tariff legislation
the propag ganda of men IKE Buttervorth. HIT.
Goodwin Smith and Erastus vinlsn- the influence
o. hard times or this side Of the border with tie
spectacle of prosperity on the other side, failed N
the elections Of 1891 change the convictions OF
the people along this line OF independent ana loCdi
industrial development
Every year since then has served to strengthen
this tendency Of thought The sSG9.o9ae0 now IN
Vested in Canadian manufactures the s1oHoaes0
~ animal industrial product and the establish
1,.-+ Of branch American factories by the scores
and hundreds the expansion Of cities and centres
70 which the farmer and market gardener ana
fr11it grover and ra1-her can send their supplies
+re zrov-+h OF the Canadian West in population
80, rao,frar,en+s and possibilities a
er for every kind Of industrial product the eVc-
luton OF I banking system which combines elas-
+iri+ Of circulation with unique concentration OF
7ovAr and influence through its branch system
Of 100 60. with inter-
ess heavily bound up in the stability OF nscal cor
dftons the welfare cf industrial concerns me so-
sencs Of United States competition; me crsatoh
~ +rAn+v-tpro thousand miles of railway. larseB
,-,t,e east and west instead Of north and south
zs thav chiefly would have done under oldrine
reciprocal tariff conditions-aH these influences
l,.7-a rr-s+alIized into 4 condition winch makes
for national unity Of feeling for the coheSioh OF
So ,,+era=+z among the provinces despite geo
rrsphicaI obstacles and commercial conpleSlres.
g. fr,1i4rarenca reward closer American trade re-
Ia rio7s which is now dominant note IN the ssnli
r,A1+ and utrerances Of the Canadian people
l,-at- International considerations and events
have in the second place. been powerful factors N
rbe a-ol1rion of this condition The many rrsu0
res=4uI efforts of lSS1 and succeeding years oon
- rsoo for the renewal OF reciprocity arrangements
rf+1 The United States created feeling IN cana
5is, minds zairst the Republic which rankles even
IN 5avs when the older Dependence or intsresl IN
thA great markets OF that country mas Passeo
from the memories Of the masses ms 1eslhs
Of course improved Of 1-AS-N-- -
Atrar4i, fisheries disputes ard the BerlnS sea
---,,rJee bv- United states tariffs which have a.
4-z5-s p4en double those Of Canada ana uhI7t
4bfct the Dominion even to-day takes S-ste''isso
IN Goods from the Republic as against exports O.
s71q onn 100 bv fisheries retaliation message such
=. +bs+ ~ President Harrison. Venezuelas disputes
,,rdar President Cleveland and ALASKAN boundary
claims Of a later DAY.
OF acrveIy hostile sentiment there Is little OF
none in Canada. OF quiet almost dormant resent
left 70 be Tetr N In7
unrestricted reciprocity discussions and campaign
= rsss % Another factor in this connection is
.+,o7g nopular feeling that the United States viii
entar fnro no fiscal treaty arrangement IN "nich
1he hest end OF the stick IS not located on the
American side of the border. and stti snotner ee
n,e-t IS the fear that II negotiations really we're
s,yscessrul The result OF few years close trade
rsIation=bip would be the formation O. conditions
which would make termination Of the arrange
.,5 extremely unpleasant Tor Canadian interests
a-A therefore leave Canada az any stated period
largely in the hands or the United States
The third influence in -forming. Canadian opinion
has been Of a changing fuctuating. uncertain and
variable character British sentiment in Canada IN
the Iast half centUry has been difficult 20 gauSe
The force OF American contiguity. the virile. ner-
vous influence OF a great people pulSating over
half = continent rhe social mixture OF neighbortus
nations where the press and literature and thea
res and customs and neral and religious principles
were all powerfUl along lines OF continental assin-
uatIon and similarity, naturally effective N
drawing much of Canadian thought and feeling
away from the traditions and ideals and assocta-
tions OF the old land Political influences already
described acted a powerful contrary influence.
but did not on the other hand. draw the people
particularly in a British direction. They did. how
ever tend TO make Canadians selt-rsIiant and self
respecting.
The nrst indication OF this was the refusal Of the
people in the elections of 1891 70 enter upon any
J-f-N, fcrrs