Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-11-12
,ores as thew are produced or scat

=
cradle damage to the leaves of some
varieties also. Ordinarily scab does
rot develop after the fruit is picked,
but last year due to peculiar climatic
conditions it appeared to spread and do
considerable damage to apples in stor-
age. A large part of the loss from
scab can be avoided by proper spray
ing.
The black rot fungus is probably
next to scab in destructiveness. 1t
causes rapid decay of the fruit-of-
ten the whole crop while still on the
trees. 1t is responsible for the most
common limb cankcr in Maine and is
said to be the cause of serious spot
ting of the leaves. Apples decaylng
with this fungus show concentrlc
rings Of little black spots spreading out
| over the decayed area. Each of these
| spots contains hundreds of little
spores each capable of causing other
centers OF disease. Black rot has ais"
| / cen found this year in pears and
ounces. For remedial measures the
obstruction of diseased apples, burning
IF rubbish and removal of all limb
,ankers along with spraying with Bor-
| ;'eaux mixture is recommended.
The Station pathologists ar" now
| working upon the causes of decay OF
@pple fruits At least seven species Of
fungi have. beer found which cause
decay when inoculated into wounds in
the apple. -Four were obtained from a
| single apple spot, each able to cause
t'ccay Independent of the other. Fungi
capable of causing decay of the fruit
we're also secured from the leaves as
well AS from the fruits.
Leaf spot injury which does much
1amge to our apple trees is of almost
universal occurrence in Maine In
some localities this is found to be
caused by the same fungus which also
causes the limb canker and black rot
Ct the fruit.
Work is being carried on to see if
this is true for this section. A number
of different species of fungi are found
to BE- associated with the spots, and
incubation experiments will be I'M
rertaken to determine which will pro-
Guce the disease
Orchardists and others are urged to
send to the Station specimens of dis
eased fruit, leaves, etc. in order that
, the distribution of the different dis
eases may be determined and new and
, dangerous ones studied before they
gain a foothold in the State.
This paper was illustrated By means
Of specimens of diseased fruit, result
ing from natural and artificial infec-
ton, and by means OF photographs
water color drawings. etc. and living
cultures of various fungi associated
with apple diseases A high power
microscope was used to shcw the
! Numerous spores which diseased apples
may throw off.
This paper was followed by short
paper by S. G. Shurtleff of Livermore
on "Cherries." This paper was inter
. sting from the fact that cherries are
q 70 the farmer Of today an almost OK
NJ t:nct fruit and the manner in which Mr.
" Shurtleff handled his subject delight
y cd the audience. He said as follows;
. "The Cherry"
5; The cherry one of the most deslr,
able fruits for the family, delicious, &
q luxury within the reach Of every
farmer. seems to be the most neglected
o It's value is recognized in Europe
o. where it is universally grown-in some
r counties more than any other frult
o In this country it Is grown to some eX
, tent, in many sections its cultivation
may be on the increase, but in Maine
it is less grown than anywhere else
n The cherry is one of the most deslr
able fruits for canning. 1t is no mor'
expensive for this purpose than tn
other fruits. The plum is short lived
; aud an unreliable bearer. The cult
waited must be reset every year. an;
!, must be constantly looked after t
= keep the weeds down. But the cherr.
once properly planted will yield frul
for thirty or forty years without fur
Their care.
The reason why this fruit is neg
/ lccted is that it requires somewha
u different treatment from other fruits
e There are certain conditions essentia
to it's cultivation and these condition
must be observed. This must b
clearly understood. 1t requires deel
dry. light loamy soil. no matter
somewhat inclined toward sand
gravel, if deep enough. The tree is I'M
- patient of moisture. 1t VIII not thrlV
D on wet, impervious soils. Inc so
must be porous well down into me SUP
: soil The cellar being so much deep
, cr than the ordinary drain turnlshe
" admirable drainage for quite htti
. distance away, as also uoeo tiC W.
!. The earth thrown out in digging tn
u cellar and the we'll furnishes dee
\ soil into which the roots of the ire
: readily penetrate. In fact it Is a
. ideal condition for the cherry. Vine
planted in the front yard or anywher
near the dwelling. it grows rapid
> and requires no further care. In m
> neghborhood cherry trees bore on sue
;. situations for more than fifty years
u bearing abundartly. and never recelv
ing any further care.
Il There are two classes of cherrle
each bearing distinct characteristic
=. the Heart Cherries are sweet. eXcelien
it for dessert, and they attain larg
D size The Sour Cherries are bette
Is for canning the tree hardy and G
y smaller size. and the fruit more easll
gathered.
re The choice fine varieties of the swet
w cherry. so highly recommended In tn
J. catalogues, are too tender for TN
le latitude One variety, the Blackhear
lie is hardy and has been grown in TN
y State for more than century. IN
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