davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

 AT G0RD0VA

VIII Cuysoa has received photo graph of h.s store building at Cordova. |, is a handsome and substantial look j1- 2-s.ory building. They began grad ing rbe str @, on which the building is located and cu-iug for the foundation ou ,he It os September. Fourteen days la,=r the bandtng was completed and occup ed as per picture.
 And, by Jhe way, Miss Burke's hotel 8, Cordova is said to be one Of the finest ia Alaska-s, declared to be by Major Ricbard,ou who stopped in it while there recently. He says Ihe building is equipped with electric lights, modern plumbing. bath tubs and every essen- tiu, Of a frss-class bos;cIry.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16
RAILROAD REALTY ASSESSMENT

ground assessed st sl,s o was reduced to sl .OOO. The terminal ground stands at S75O and the improvement ,-shops, roundhouse, etc.,-at 2l,OOO. A vote was taken on this and carried, Ashley, Clark. Shaw and Taylor voting for and Nye, Snyder and Shea against. The tracks were allowed to stand at SIS, GOO. The city will receive, besides this tax, the return from the government assess ment, Of $25l 25. This Ia the realty ex' cept some lots upon which, as stated, the assessment is regulated by neigh boring property.
 The Dewey hotel was raised from $l, ,000 to Sl,2O0.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

Captain Johnson, Of the Dawson Sal vation Army, Is on his way 10 Van couver, having in charge woman who was turned over 10 the care of the army there for safe conduct to her home. Captain Johnson went into Dawson In June aud reports good work accomplished there. He will return north ln November to go ip by stage.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16
JAPAN AWAITS THE FLEET.
tunited Press Tolearaph.cabIo servioo,)

Tokio, Oct, l5-The newspapers Of this city are printing special editions in English, getting ready for the arrlv- al of the American fleet which is due ou Saturday. The commercial men of America located and doing business in Japan, and the large delegation from the United States which arrived some days ago were entertained here by
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16
PANARANA
 OF ALASKA

J. c. Mcbride commissioner for Alas ka for the A. Y. P. exposition, cameup on the Dolphin. He Is accompanied by Edward Morange the famous seen e artist of the firm of Gates & Morangc, It is Mir, \ orange's purpose to paint 8 large panoramic picture Of Alaska.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

John S. Cory and wife, were round trippers on the City of Seattle yester- day. Mir. Cory Is manager of the OaF- land Meat audPacking company.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16
Japanese merchants and formally pre- seuted to the Mikado yesterday.

TokIo, Oct. l6-The weather is hay off the :coast. The American fleet is expected to arrive tonight, Yoko' hame and this, the capital city, ,aTe elaborately decorated and crowded with people.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

Lieut.. F A. Jeuust, arrived out last evening and is at the PulIon house. Lieut. Jcuuet went through here in June last with party of meo and some equipment, having the business Of installing rhe wireless system Of teleg- raphy a, GlbboD, Circle, Eagle Fair banks, h a wo.d connecting up al Alaska with the world out side, He was deeply lmbued with the import ause Of hs uudsr,aEiing--which has bssn attempted before aud failures made ol G,. There were those in his owu party who sreered as the uoder- taking and declared jt Go be impossible, L,. Jcuue, returns with the thing done -success atterdiog his ssuguine tenn perament 5ud intelligent and dlligenl endeavor, far beyond his own dreams
 Not only are alt stag.0us talking freely togerher-s9me ot them veryremO,e and aosolutely isolated uu,l ne had brought them this de.tverauce-but the very day be left Fort Gjb5on on his way oUs tne station there had picked up message from the steamship Victoria, then 3Ol
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

R. B. McCorkle, purser, and Captain George N. Shaver and II. Alexander. of the Whtehorse, went south on City Of Seattle.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

Ct. Andrews of Eagle. deputy cus- toms collector, was a passenger on the City oi Seattle south.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16
PETER SAND 10 BE IN FLIGHT
tunItod Preos ToIograph.cabIo servloo,)

London Oct 16.-It is reported here that King Peter of Servia has secretly abdcated and left the country Members of the cabinet profess to know nothing of his whereabouts The news from the disturbed states is still portentous of war.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16
JERRY QUINLAN
 AND BRIDE

The Alaska ss Dolphin arrived up late this afternoon and will sail at ' o'clock with a full passenger list. Among the up passengers were Jerry Quinlan and wife.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

Mr. Fred Archer o' Atlin is in town and 10 .y remain here oyer the winter.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

Detroit Oct 16.-Two hundred refugees in flight from Metz were overtaken by the r the flames surrounding the train and consuming it with all board The train was dtched but it was surrounded by wall of fire and rescuers could not reach it. Relief trains sent out from this city were forced to return and to renqush all hope of the cue of Metz and her refugees.
 Sault St. Marie Oct. 16.-Flames threatening this and the greatest alarm is felt Large quantities of dynamite have been assembled for in blowing sruc ures in the path of the flames.
 Cheboygan Oct. l6.--It is known that the towns of Bolton and Pulaski have been completely destroyed and it is believed with considerable loss of life
 Calumet Oct 6.-Various reports estimate the loss at many millions and scores of lives.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16
WIRELESS \ WONDERFUL SUCCESS

miles south Of Unimak Pass, distance Of twelve hundred miles, as such mess- ages ay, straighter than the crow. Gibbon is iu the very heart of the will deruess and the vessel far out to sea-and so the old cry Of impossible" that has been worked on the wireless when leaving the coast has been finally put to rest.
 Ice, snow aud frozen ground 1t will be understood is an insulGtor or non-con- ductor ot electricity. Some attempts, as is known, have failed in Alaska. Tue difficulties are overcome by the manner in which the aerial and ground system have been installed. The sys- tenn Is 10 some extent original with the signal corps Of the United States army and to these Improvements the great success attending the installation in the interior is to be attributed.
 The distances over which electral waves have been radiated in Alaska is somewhat beyond the utmost expectations of those who have been 
 (Continued on Page a)
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16
FIRE AND DEATH IN MICHIGAN
tunIted Press TeIegraph.cablo sorvIco,)

Apena, Mich, Oct l6.-The whole of northern Michi- gan is reported to be in flames resulting from the drouh Four counties have been swept and the loss reported heavy At Metz it is known that fifty people, and women, have been burned to death
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

lContinucl on Page 2 )
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

{ you arc looking for fine dress or working shoes. the Johnson & Murphy. the American Gentleman and George F. Keith are second tonouc 10th In material and workmanship. And the beauty Of this Is we absolutely guarontrc aud make good any article Dur- chased from Us. Surely. that In itself means square dealing.
The daily Alaskan., 1908-10-16

n real Irish Linen Hand Embroidered, both in three-quartcr and full length sleeve French EarIsrc In the most fashionable shades. Including the chcveron effects.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1908-11-09
Mmsfauu.
ssSn Srielt iin0 ernIte 2ohnitre!

= Sn Sr1e1t 1t1o ern1te Sobn1trel-
tigfeitett ol1sgebro6en. gei6t meni,
ger ols Iedsbunoert @erftarbeiter
Der Seiterrei6ilf : 9(tnerifaniiden
9ompferlinie iino o%usitdlloig. IS
iino eifrige 8emiibultgen inn @unge,
Die @egenlabe olts5uglei6en. 9od]
oiirfte Der Strife, mettn er altd mir
fnr5e 3eit bollert, SEN Sofenperfebr
empftfloli6 beeintra6tigett.
2aut telegropbilder Welour9
aus Blauen iino I'M Gogtlono an ein-
bu1oert groitoBe regiltriert moroel1,
Wtebrere Ser gri6iitterungen norea
iebr Itarf. Die G%rregltltg inter Sen
gepobnern lit I'M 10 groBer, als crit
IN Ser oritten Sftoberipo6e 5ablrei6e
grobeben iib erei9neten, oie einen pa<
nil6en S6reden inter Ser 8epolfe=
rlrng perbreitetenl BON Incident ie iif
fal1m erbolt batte. 90 oie liingltet
grbitoBe irgenomelden betra6tli6en
Gigentl1msi6ooen allgeri6tet bober,
barber berlalttet ioneit ni6ts.
Cine merfmiirbige @eI6i6fe
bon eiltem lpieoer lebenoie geporos=
men Gotten miro aus 9io5 genneloet.
N(ltf einen1 9abn5uge, Ser aus oent
Snnern Weerifo'S folt, befonoen iid)
Elm @err mo 9ome, sic nod Sen
Ser. Staoten moItett. Sn Der RGGc
bon Slorco e%rfranfte Der Serr pl0t=
lid ltno itorb oni6eineno. Die
9ome NOR in Ger5meiflung nno
moate ri6t erlollberI oob Ser Sote
aus oem BaIiogiermogen entfernt
meroe. 81 idlug ntan oie 2eidr
oer1 1T Glider Elm rno lieB Tie ouf
Dem Sibe neben Dem Ser uneliidli=
den Srolt. Sn 9io5 fam Der giien=
bob1lor5t Or. Gantll ouf Ben Bug.
Inn Ben Gotten 81 unteriu6en. Nl5
er oie Glider auseinonber ifIuo,
begoln Die o2eide" iid gu rege.L
0onm iblltg iie Die 4ugen otf uao
nod penigen Min1ten mar Ser
yGeritorberte" mieoer pollig ms 2e=
BEN 5uriidgefebrt.
= Die ieds oeutiden &oloniltef,
bie i'm ruiiii6en Commencement
Sbeiia megen lei6ter 8erlebnne Ell
mes 8oli5eibeamten gum Sooe perurz
teilt moroen marer, iino infolee Ser
mittelnng bodgeiteQter 8erionen
bon General &aulbars begnaoigt
poroen. Die 5ooesltrofe murbe in
lie Elm Sabr @efangnis umgeuanoelt.
Die portugieiiide Gegierul1g
befiir6tet, oab IN ibrer afrifaniidje'r
&olonie 8ltinea eir aQgemeilter
&ufitano ausbreben miro. IS ba=
ben idon leit einieer Belt l1nrll=
ben itottgefunoen uno Tie bot bie
Steuern ~berabieben miiiien, Inn Die
2eute 81 berubigelt 90 tie niht ga-
niigen0 Soloaten bat, Inn Die 0e-
megrlle gemaltiam ~nnteroriiden 81
f6nnen. 8iele i6limmen 3uitdnoc
tratetl 81 Gage, ols 9euti6lono uno
Sranfrei6 ii6 BET Der portugleit-
.l1en &egierung oariiber bel6perten,
BOP BET oieien 9~ufitanoen einige
ibrer Staatsmgeborigen uln's 2e6el1
gefommen ieien.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1908-11-09

slus Berlin miro gemeloet:
8roBe gea6tung finoet cine Snter=
peaation in Der 5peiten &ommcr
Der iadiiIden Stanoeperiommlung.
8ie 9euti6freiiinnigen itellen Die
Srage, mel6e neutrality-suspicious.
8iirgi6aften Die &egierung benz
8llnoesrat por5ui6lagen babe ooee
mas tie JOINT 5u tull geoerrfe, oannit
onitott Der 8olitif Der 8lobli6teit
unb llnbeitdroigfeit cine perfaiiungs=
mdBige, itetiae 9olitif eemabrleiitat
tper0e.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1908-11-09
vorteiIbafte offerte.
9as btatgfte Sano i'm
Marffe.

30 Seftionen 2ano - Is sniam.
menbGnsenb, 10 sniammenbansenS
nno 4 ieparat - lit 81 8aio County,
maize BEL Der Stabt @anborn nmb in
serinser Gntfernung BON Der Giien.
babm inb stm 8reiie bun So per
Ider 5m ~ocrfaufeu ober iuerSen sesen
einserid)tete Sarm uSer Stabteisen.
tnn mmsetanidt.
Cute @iebsesenb; cute Silbermi.
men in Der NGhe.
Wadj5nfrasen in Der Office Ser
Sreien Ereiie fir Sexas.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1908-11-09
saubuyit Tam nidt aebeiIt iperber

Sanbbsit fant ntdt aebeilt iuer6en
bur6 Iofale Mpplifationen, neil lie ben
franfen Sell bes Sbres ni6t errei9en
fonnen. Sc giebt nun einen @eg, Die
Salbbeit 5n furieren, llnb Der lit bur9
ton1tit1tioneIe 9eilmittel. Saubbeit tpir6
6mr6 einen ert5iinbeten 3uitarb Der
f6Ieimigen 4nsfIeibung Der Gulta9i19en
&Dbre bernrla9t. @enn bieie gobre
li6 ent8iinoet. babt SIR einen rllnpeln@
ben Son ober unbpufpmmenes @ebor;
nrb tpenn ie gang gef9lofen tit, erfolsf
Salbbeit, uno tpenm Die g~rtSiinou1g
ni9t gehoben ulb bieie 9f0bre pieDer IN
ibren seb0risen Suitanb beriebt perben
farn, miro bas @eb6r fir INNER 5erit6rt
tperben; rern Sdae 1nter aebn linb our6
&atarrb berurin9t, nel1er ni1ts ais
Elm ent5iinoeter 3uitano Ser fdleimisen
Sberfld9e lit.
@ir nonen einbunbert 9olars fir ies
ben, Dur6 &atarrb berurfadten Sal bon
Smtbbeit geben, ben mir ni6t our6 linz
nebmen bon r9nn's &atarrbs& 1tr" beiIen
tonnen. 2abt @n6 n%rnfonft 3irfuIare
fommen.
S. s. Gbenep & Co., gple6o, ..
8erfauft bon alien Gpotbefern, 75c.
Sau's Gamilien>ginen iinb bic beiten.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1908-11-09

Die oeiterreidii6e Negieruls
beroffentlidt cine umfangrei6e ST.
palioitdtS= uno offers GerIi6e=
rungs : 8orlage. Die MoBregel
miro Dem &ei6sratb ebeItens inter,
breitet meroen.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1908-11-09
SIS lit Gnre 9flidt.

ale arten bon Grubel ab5ulpenoel
uno Sbr fonnt 2eber uno gingelpei-
oe-Stornngen bermeioen, nenm Sbr
Or. Sings @eue 2ebens 8iGelt
nebmt. 25 Gents BEL @bolpb 9reib
luno 81. Gobn & 60.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-19
IN BATTLE FORMATION
High School Cadets Maneuver
on the White Lot.
OFFER MILITARY PROBLEM
Schoolboy Soldiers March Past in
Review.
RECEIVE MANY COMPLIMENTS
Tender Review to Maj. Gen. Duvall.
United States Army-Details
of Exercises.
RECEIVE MANY COMPLIMENTS

Several thousand persons. including
proud fathers and mothers. High School
girls, each wearing the colors of her IA
vorite company. and many friends of the
local schools. observed the regiment of
High School Cadets maneuver in battle
formation ard give regimental drill parade
and review yesterday afternoon on thu.
ellipse of the Presidents Park, or White
Lot.
Included in the reviewing party which
witnessed the. work of the cadets were
Mai. Gen. w. P Duvall and Capt. F.. w
Slayden of the United States Army: Col
NJ. E. Cren. Lieut.. Col. Samuel E. Smiley.
adiutant general; Lieut.. Col. r. A. O Brien
and Maj. G. B. Young of the National
Guard of the District OF Columbia When
the exercises were ended those named
complimented highly the showing made.
Their appearance is very cred.table, =
Gen Duvall remarked The results Ger
tainly reflect much credit on the mill
tarv instructors. The most impressive
thing about the cadets is their steadiness
in ranks There is no looking around or
lack of attention.
Il see much improvement over last
year Col. Urell said. They present a
fine sight.
Have Street Parade.
The proceedings began at 3:15 O'Clock.
when the companies from the several high
schools assembled al 9th street and Louis
lana avenue and formed the regiment.
Headed by the band of the United States
Marine Corps, the regiment proceeded in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-19
Csc BELTS, lOc.

Children S Patent Leather
Belts. in black and red. The popular
Buster Brown shapes Large nick
eli buckle Made of extra quality dou-
BILE faced patent leather. All sizes
Worth up to 25c-for one day at l0c
each.
First Floor. Belt DEPARTMENT.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-19

in Yesterdays maneuvers are: A, W. r.
Kelley; r. G. Heitmueller: c. H L. Ben
son: D. +. s. Wise: E. A J. kause, F.
H. Campbell l, c. A. Bonnie: *, E. G.
Webster and l.. F. NJ Pelzman
The company competitive drill for the
prize flag IS to occur at the American
League base hall park June , and 8 The
first day Companies c. D +. Fl. and l.
of the Mckinley. Western and Eastern
high schools will compete. and on the SD
ond Companies A. B. F.. g and | will drill!
Only enc accident, and that said to be
not of serious nature, married the eXer-
cises. William Covell fifteen years Of
age. OF S221 18th street. was struck in tn
face with wed from the gun of one OF
his schoolmates and wounded SO that
blood flowed profusely. He was taken 10
the Emergency Hospital. and after treat
ment rejoined the company.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-19
To Make Steamboats, Safer.

The commission appointed by the Pres
ident to examine the laws and regulations
affecting steamship navigation. with a
necessary to guard against the loss OF life
on excursion boats, and especially sea-
going barges. held its initial meeting
yesterday at the offices of the lighthouse
board Owing to the absence of Mr. Eu-
gene +. Chamberlain. commissioner OF
nav CATION. the formulation Of plans was
de ferred
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-19

Continued on Ninth PaSe.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-19

column of platoons along 9th street to
Pennsylvania avenue. thence TO 18th
street and along Pennsylvania avenue In
front of the White House to nth street.
AMI down that street to the White Lot.
appearing there at o'clock.
The wide fringe of humanity which
stretched in semi-c!rcle around the
northern euge of the ellipse watched in
tently the events of the next few minutes.
In double ranks the companies were lined
up facing the reviewing officer. Then
Maj. Gen. Duvall and his aid. Capt. Stay
den. reviewed the troops.
The battle followed the review Com
panies c. r and l. under the command
of Lieut.. Col. Williams. remained to guard
the flag in the center of the ellpse while
behind the hill on which the Washington
Monument stands. The commanding Of
fcerS were given problem to work out.
the supposition being that the stand was
made on the ellipse to allow a supply
train and main troops to escape over the
.Aqueduct bridge
In Battle Formation.
When the time for the battle arrived
the commanding officer of the defending
party deployed his force among the trees
a, the south edge OF the White Lot, the
companies being divided into squads. The
men stretched out on the grass like
sharpshooters Soon an exchange Of shots
between outposts and scouts were heard.
Gradually the crack of the rifle became
more frequent and suddenly several vol
leys rang out The attacking party was
seen moving over the monument hill.
Squads of the defenders We're swung from
the ends into the middle TO meet the main
attack There was a continuous crack.
crack of guns and the ripping swapping
OF the volleys. Soon the defending party
was concentrated toward the center OF the
ellipse and the attacking party crossed
through the trees and took position on
the edge of the ellipse. just tnen the
battle was called off.
An officer who watched the maneuNerS
with military eye declared that one OF
the best features Of the battle was that
the boys were careful TO take advantage
of cover
were again formed and the regiment pre-
pared for parade After passing in review
before the commanding officer of the regi-
ment and his staff the command marched
off the field and he organizations 10 their
respective quarters
Guests in Attendance.
For officials of the District government
and of the schools and their friends sew
eral hundred chairs were placed on the
ellipse back Of the post assigned the re-
viewing officer Among the spectators
were Commissioners Mcfarland and West,
Capt. James F. Oyster, president OF the
board of education. and members OF the
board: A. T. Stuart superintendent of
schools. Percy NJ. Hughes. assistant SUI
perintendent and Lieut.. Co.. burton n.
Ross. military instructor OF the cadets
The captains Of the several companies
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-19
Conservation of Waterways.

Senator Eewlands of Nevada today in
troduced bill for the appointment OF
commission OF fifteen members for the
investigation of questions relating to the
conservation. use and control of water
resources for navigation irrigation, mu-
nicipal supply. power and swamp-land
reclamation. prevention of food preven-
ton of waste in mining. etc.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-01-17
SAYS IT'S APPALLING
Chairman Fowler on the Situ- ation of the Banking
 Business.
UNIFORM SYSTEM NEEDED
Declares There is No Consistency or Uniformity in American Bank
 ing as a Whole.

Boston, Jan 16.--"The Currency Problem was the subject of an ad- dress delivered by Representative Charles N Fowler Of New Jersey. chairman Of the committee on bank ing and currency, delivered before the Commercial club of Boston at the New Algonquin club to-nir1t. On January 8 Mir. Fowler introduced into congress a bill "to establish a simple and scientific monetary system. found ed upon gold, guaranteed bank notes and silver, with uniform banking and bank reserves in gold coin or its equivalent: to guarantee all deposits and note issues, anu to fix certain rules and regulations whereby the f. nancial operations of the government shall cease to be 9 disturbing factor in trade and commerce..
 In his address tonight Congress man Fowler said there is no cons!sten- cy or uniformity in American banking as q whole. Too little is actually known about the condition of our banking business The situation has already become appalling: and de-
 2nds a uniform banking system with uniform reserves in gold coin. This result will be secured by the bill now under consideration by the commit tee on banking and currency.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-01-17
SUES EX-WARDEN PECK
West Haven Druggist Al
 Islander.
Alleges

Former Warden James H. Peck. of West Haven, was the defendant in a suit on trial in the superior court, civil side, yesterday afternoon. before Judge George W. Wheeler and jury.
 The plaintiff was William H. Beck with, g druggist who conducts store at First avenue and Elm street, West Haven. It is a suit in which slander is alleged and damages of $2,000 are claimed. It is alleged that Peck said in the presence of witnesses that Beck with was crazy. Peck denies that he made any such statement.
 Beckwith. his wife, and James Gard ner. who is employed by Beekwith, testified yesterday that Peck made the utterance attributed to him.
 Another witness for the plaintiff is Durbarn Babcock, but he was not in court as he is ill
 Attorney Edwin E. Thomas, who is counsel for Peck, after the three wit nesses had been heard, moved for a non-suit on the ground that the plain tiff had not made out a prima facie case. Attorney Hamilton, counsel for Beckwith, opposed the motion vigoi ously and Judge Wheeler took the mat ter under advisement till tomorrow morning.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-01-17
PEARcE GETS CUP
Retiring Fire Commissioner
 Honored.

The members of the board of fire commissioners last night gave com plimentary dinner at Heublein's to John H. Pearce, the retiring president of the board, and presented him with a handsome loving cup as a token of appreciation for the good feeling un- der his administration of the past year.
 After the dinner the members of the board went by automobile to the various houses throughout the city and inspected the apparatus. In each of the houses the men were ordered to make a hitch and in some of the places did it in record breaking time.
 Besides the commissioners the party was made up of Chief Fancher, Su- perintendent Grant, Fire Marshal Gladwin, Clerk Metzger, Commission er-elect Thomas c. Braden, and Com missioners A. H. Bullard and Strong of Bridgeport, both intimate friends of the retiring commissioner.
 MT. Pearce is very popular with the members of the board and officials of the department Te affair last night was surprise to him, and he was deeply affected by the feeling of his associatest for him evidenced by the cuU