davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

putting a man in a fighting mood
Charcoal was commonly used in those
days and when you spoke of coal it
was understood that you meant char
coal Coal proper was known as stone
coal and the white men knew but little
about where 1t was located, although
the Indian seemed to know it's loca-
ton if he walked over the ground I'M
der which it lay and they would not
mine it nor tell the white man much
about it,"
Captain laques Talk.
Following the talk of Captain Will
son the chorus favored the audience
with rendition of annie Laurie"
that was pleasing. This was followed
by five minute talks by several prom
inent old settlers, the first of which
was Capt w. H. G. Jacques, who said
in part as follows:
"The ground has been pretty well
gone over and but little remains of
general interest that I can tell of the
early Wapello county days, so I will
tell of my pioneer days in Jefferson
county nearby. I have been in the
state for sixty years and a resident of
Jefferson county for 10 years. l came
to Iowa with my parents from Virginia
at an early day and recall as one of
my earliest recollections the passing
through Baltimore and Cincinnati
cat the latter place l recollect see
ing two steamboat loads of soldiers re-
turning from the Mexican war, and
being but a very young man the sight
was indelibly impressed upon me, as
| l had never beheld anyone in uni.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

form before and was greatly interested
in the troops.
Coming to Jefferson county we
stopped enroute for a time at Fl. Mad
ison, but later plodded onward to JEFF
ferson county and were there when the
town of Abingdon, later called DO
gus This place was said to be the
headquarters of notorious band Of
prairie bandits, one Of the principal
actors of which was Master Spurlock,
who was the counterfeiter Of the
gang. This band is said to have oper-
ated from Rock Island, ILL.,, along the
river and extending into this state and
Its members are known as the MUIR
derers Of Colonel Davenport and Cap
tain Bonnie
The speaker told anecdotes and
many "reminiscences Of the early days
giving the audience an excellent five
minutes entertainment.
Other Five Minute Talks.
The next speaker was Senator S. H.
Harper and interspersing the two
talks the chorus rendered "My Old
Kentucky Home Senator Harper e
address was given over largely to the
question of immigration and the speak.
er told of the early immigrants who
were factors in the civilizing of young
America and whose descendants are
now the bull; of the country's best cit.
izenship. 1.-THE Pilgrims of the May.
flower, the Quakers with William
Penn, the Catholics with Lord Balti.
more, the Dutch with Henry Hudson
and numerous other countrymen were
desirable immigrants and left their i'm.
press on the country which will be
lasting The speaker continuing told
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

IS - Il .
The newly elected officers
OF the Old Settlers association
for the coming year as chosen
at the annual outing held Wed
1esday at streblow's grove at
Agency are as follows:
President-Jacob Lowenberu,
Dahlonega township.
Vice president - William
Johnson, Agency township.
Secretary-W. H. Fetzer, Of
tumWa.
Treasurer-Major A. H. Ham
ilton, ottumwa.
Discriminatory E. Asbury,
Ottumwa.
Executive committee-Jacob
LoWenberg, David Jay, w. r.
: Daum, w. n. C. jacques, w. n.
n. Asbury, William johnson.
Township vice presidents:
David Jay, Adams.
D. w. Sackett, Cass.
T. r. Buckley, Center.
A. Stuber, Columbia.
G. w. Dickens, competine.
G. l.. Nye, Agency.
John GiItner, Dahionega.
John Rhinhart, Green.
j. M. Elder, Highland.
John Lawrence, keokuk.
L. 0. Shepherd, Pleasant.
Willard Upp, Polk.
Ira Wilson, RichIand.
A. NJ. Cain WASHINGTON.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22
The Historians Record
of Old Settlers Dead

Connection with
fonoWing the Settlers
ed W. H. s.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

Warren has been a resident of the
county since 1850, and lives in Wash.
ington township.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

William Johnson of Agency, while
not yet an old man by any means, is
nevertheless an old settler by tho,
score of 81 years in the county and
lives on tn same farm on which he
was born.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

Major A. H. Hamilton is easily one
of the most prominent of the old set.
tiers and has a record of residence
here for the past 81 years, during
which time he has been identified with
every important move Of the county's
progress.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

J. w. Nye of Monroe county was a
visitor at the gathering. He is an old
Wapello boy and was born in 1s47.
1847.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

County Clerk George Phillips, while
not an old man, claims SIS years resi-.
dence in the county, and was born
two and half miles from Agency His
faeher was the first man to cut down
tree in the legal life of Wapello
county and was a pioneer of pioneers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-22

w. M. Mael, is another of the young
old settlers and was born in Washing
ton township in 1854 residing there
since.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01

balanced rations during the last few
years. Balanced rations for cows, for
feeding cattle, sheep, hogs, human be-
ing and poultry, until good many
people really believe that great deal
of feed is wasted unless it is properly
balanced and contains due percentages
of protein and carbohydrates.
Professor Hacker gave some of the
theories about balanced rations for
cows a sad lSlsos. by proving that it is
not necessary to feed dairy cows 50
carefully, and Professor Davenport said
to me one time that it was often good
economy to waste a little cheap feed
rather than buy a costly one in order
to make a balanced ration.
Mr.. Mapes of New York announced
that he was a hereto as far as feeding
balanced rations to poultry by telling
how he gave his hens mixture of all
kinds of feed and let them select what
they liked best.
While 1 have never tried to feed sci
entifically balanced rations to my poul-
try, l have roughly guessed at the
proper feeds so the hen might have
enough protein to produce eggs and
carbohydrates enough to prevent the
waste of protein, and have been very
well satisfied with the results.-Miller
Purvis.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
A WOMAN's POULTRY SCHOOL

Alternate males in the breeding pens,
using one bird three or four days, then
removing him and use another for the
same length of time. This practice in
sures better fertility.
Feeding heavily on whole corn has
a tendency to induce hens to become
broody.
Feed only twice a day. Scatter corn,
oats or wheat in the litter in the morn
ing and give soft food in the evening
about an hour before roosting time. Do
not leave any mash in the trough.
In order to breed birds in line let the
male birds which head your pen all
come from one family, being sons and
grandsons of the original sire.
Hens will not eat too much beef
scrap if it is left before them all the
time
Open sheds facing the south furnish
the best roosting quarters for turkeys
You cannot raise turkeys successfully
in confinement. They must have a
wide range of field.
Beets or mangel wurzels make fine
food for poultry. They should be
chopped fine.
Rice fed two or three times a week
| makes a very good food for hens, but
it is not as desirable as wheat, corr
or oats.
Boiled eggs should never be fed tc
| very young chicks and should never
be fed more than twice a week.
| Do not feed red pepper. 1t is likely
| to produce irritation.
Trap nests will prevent egg eating
by the hens This habit it caused by 6
desire for grit in some form or other
| To introduce new blood secure severa
good hens and mate them to your hes
male bird, provided he is a good one
| If your flock is not up to the standard
get the best male bird you can ant
| breed up to him.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
TWENTY HOG MAN SCARCE

One of my neighbors, after reading
an article in farm paper which stat
ed that the farm of 100 acres ought to
turn off fifty fattened hogs every year,
says he thinks that feat to be impos-
sible, but / do not agree with him.
In fact, believe that the average
farm should turn off more hogs for
market every year than it does. have
known woman to take an old SOW
with four or five pigs and from the
waste Of her kitchen and what other
feed she could pick up around the place
supply all the pork necessary for the
family. And / know that a man on
100 acres can, if he manages we'll, turn
out fifty to 100 market hogs every
year.
The average farmer seems to imag-
inc that hog needs no particular care,
that system in breeding cuts no figure
and that the proper rations, clean wa
ter and good shelter are not neces-
sary.
They allow the boar to roam at will
all over the place, month in and month
out, and the result is that pigs come
along at all times Of the year and
without any regularity or regard to the
market.
A man can take ten good breeding
sows and by giving them plenty OF
range and breeding in December, have
the pigs come along in April after the
stormy spring weather. When pigs
come at this time the loss from ex-
posure is reduced to the minimum.
Along the early part of June the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01

internal and external structure very
similar, although differing so entirely
in general appearance.
With the exception of the coral
snakes, all the other North American
venomous snakes are grouped as 'pit
vipers," so called on account Of the pit
or depression on both sides of the face
between the nostril and the eye.
The copperhead is perhaps the most
dangerous of all, as it sounds no note
of warning and it's movements are
more rapid and aggressive than those
of the rattlesnake
Copperheads seldom exceed three
feet in length, and with their strong and
thick bodies, ending in short tail pro-
vided underneath with a row of shields,
they are indeed a forbidding and for
midable sight to the traveller along the
low ground of the region which they
lnhabit, lying between the 45th parallel
of north latitude and the extreme south
of the eastern United States.
Like all other crotalids, the copper
head produces its young alive, the av-
erage number being from seven to nine.
The water moccasin is no respecter
of persons, attacking friend or foe alike
e
provocation whatever. For this reason
it ls more to be dreaded than the rat
tlesnake. Its color is greenish brown
and 1t may be easily recognized by a
number of dark bands somewhat re-
sembling those of the copperhead.
1t Is found along the coast from
North Carolina to the Mexican bound
airy and also for a considerable dis
lance up the Mississippi river, as well
as in some of it's tributaries. One au-
thority on snakes asserts that the wa
ter moccasin delights in climbing
trees, apparently for the purpose Of
basking in the sum-"
All of the snakes above mentioned.
however, are of minor Importance as
compared with the rattlesnake, the
most conspicuous class of pit vipers.
These snakes may be distinguished
by the jointed, horny appendage at the
end of the tail, commonly called the
rattle. In young specimens the tail
ends In a simple button, which is MOTH
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
HOW PRIZE LAMBS WERE FED

F. e: Bryant OF the Pecos valley,
New Mexico exhibited a load of lambs
at the recent International Stock Show
and took first prize on them, demon
strating to his countrymen that he
knows how to grow good ones. The
lambs were dropped early in March,
the mothers being Gull ewes past their
usefulness on the range. They had
been put on alfalfa pasture in the fall
before. Through the summer the
lambs were on pasture with the ewes
until they were weaned Aug. Is. From
that time on they We're fed green COW
peas and other green feeds and alfalfa
hay in the feed lot. They were fin
ished on corn, alfalfa hay, beets and
other root crops. Mr.. Bryant gave the
feeding his personal attention and the
result shows that he knew his business.
The lambs were eight days on the trip
to Chicago and won first out of sixteen
entries. They averaged 116 pounds.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
QUEER THINGS ABOUT SQUADS

Elmer G. Rice in his book, National
Standard SQUAD Book" says the bones
at the vent Of a female generally are
further apart than that of a male.
Again, If you hold the beak of a pigeon
stretching them out the male bird will
usually hug his tail close to his body,
while the female will throw her tail.
Mr.. Rice says the best way to deter
mine sex is to watch the birds. The
male is more lively than the femala
and does more cooling. and in flirting
with the hen usually turns around sew
eral times, while the female seldom
turns more than half way around
The male may be Seen pecking at the
female and driving her to the nest
When one pigeon is seen chasing an
other inside and outside the squah-
house the driven one is the female and
the driver her mate.
A SQUAD in the nest is SO fat as often
to be bigger than either of his parents,
but after he has gotten out of the nest
and hustled around on the floor he
trains off that fat and becop..x thin
and rangy and can generally be told
from an old bird if in no other way
because he is smaller.
Always aim to secure an abundance
of light and direct sunshine in your
loft This will give sufficient warmth
provided all the cracks and crevices in
the building are closed UP.
The water buckets should be washed
out frequently with creoline water,
made by adding a teaspoonful of creo-
line to one quart of water, advises g..
L. Gillingham. This will kill any dis
ease germs that may be present and is
a good disinfectant
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
KILL OFF THE BOOSTERS
t doesn't pay to raise ROSTERS.

1t doesn't pay to raise ROSTERS.
Raising ROSTERS doesn't pay. The
pullets are what we are after and we
should bend our efforts to raise as
many and as fine pullets as we posi-
bly, can.
In most all fiocks there are at this
time about SO per cent of young cock
erels flying and scrapping about and
eating their heads off.
Now, pullet won't do this, for she
will pay it all back, with a goodly
age. But the ROSTERS eat and grow
and grow lanky and muscular and
stringy, and when they arrive at 8
Gionths of age they represent very lit
tie, if indeed any more at all, than
they did at s weeks in the way of
profit.
Besides, some die before maturity
and are thereby a total loss, although
they passed the frying size in safety.
The proper thing to do now is to apply
the thinning out process and get rid of
all the ROSTERS, young and old, but a
very few of the finest.
They will bring quite as much now
as later, and by disposing of them now
a world of work and worry goes with
them, while a season of peace and
thrift and growth for the pullets and
hens is inaugurated.
Let the early Matched and the late
ones alike be disposed of and push the
pullets to the front.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01

Ing more than the last joint, but when
the snake reaches maturity twenty or
more rings have come in between it
and the scaly portion of the tail.
The diamond and the banded are the
most prominent kinds of rattlesnakes
The diamond is strictly southern
species, it's range being confined to the
seaboard below the Carolinas It's ia
vorite haunts are damp, shady places
1t differs from other rattlesnakes in
color, being Of a beautiful greenish or
occasionally a golden brown, over
which as a ground color is traced a
triple lozenge shaped chain pattern on
each side of the back, the golden vel
low lines of which stand out in marked
contrast to the dark diamonds of the
ground color.
A blackish-brown band runs from
the muzzle through each eye to the
cover of the mouth and the top of the
head is either uniformly colored or or
namented with irregular markings.
Banded rattlesnakes have much
wider distribution, being met with as
far north as the middle of New Eng
land and New York state, west as far
as the Rocky mountains and south to
the Gulf states. They are now COM
paratively scarce in most localities
where they occur owing to the largely
increased area of cultivated land, but
in Illinois they are said to be increas-
ing in numbers, for, whereas in past
years pigs roamed at will and aided
greatly in exterminating the snakes,
they are now as a rule penned up and
SO the snakes live and multiply with
out any interference from the pigs.
These snakes live chiefly on rabbits,
squirrels, mice and birds. BY nature
they are sluggish, but when irritated
they coil like lightning, shake their
rattle violently and strike swiftly at
anything within reach.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
DOCT0RING SICK PLANTS

A plant that has been injured by in
judicious watering should be taken
from the pot, its roots washed, then re-
pot in a smaller pot of porous soil with
good drainage, setting in a cool, shaded
place for a few days Give very little
water until the plant shows signs of
recovery.
To Danish aphis from carnations
wash pot and plant all over in rather
warm (not hot) tobacco tea about the
color of good table tea, then dust with
tobacco dust and put tobacco dust on
surface of the pot soil. Carnations
should be kept in a cool, moist atmos-
phere.
Mites are tiny scavengers found in
decaying vegetable matter. When roots
or bulbs begin to decay these little
pests spread the damage to the live
portions, soon destroying them. Take
the bulb or root out and wash care
fully, freeing from all decayed matter,
then cover the raw place with charcoal
dust surrounding it. Keep rather dry
until it heals.
If plants get chilled or frozen shower
well with quite cold water and put
away in darkness in a cool place (not
freezing but quite cold) for several
days, in some cases longer
Too much fertilizer is about as bad
as too little. Too much nourishment
means rank foliage and roots and few
flowers.
One teaspoonful of ammonia to one
gallon Of water, applied to the soil
once week, is good.
Stable manure tea should be about
the color of medium strong table tea
applied once a week or fortnight to
growing plants. Greater strength is
| dangerous. Do not feed resting plants
For pot-bound plants. if bloom is
wanted, stir little bonemeal into the
soil and water sparingly. Flowers will
| result.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01

feed before the babies for the first
week or ten days, allowing them to
| help themselves at will, with a run
wherein they could take needed exer-
else in pleasant weather. In a brooder
house they could have their exercise
whatever. the state of the weather.
1t was decided innovation and
there was much skepticism expressed,
especially by the old timers. But it is
fact that chicks thrive under this
regime, if the needed exercise would be
insured. 1t goes without saying that
fresh water, charcoal and grit are in
dispensable, whatever the method of
feeding.
But we live and learn. No less an
authority than the Reliable Poultry
Journal in its editorial pages reports
the latest method, which it has seen
carefully tried for two years with the
best results. 1t has always been doubt
full about the "easy methods but it
says this seems too good to be true
Remarkable results followed this two
year experiment. Time and again the
writer went into the brooder house and
saw chicks from the few days old to
three weeks working like beavers in
holes they had dug in the litter holes
so deep that the backs of the chicks
were below the level of the surface of
the litter food mixture.
10 make the experiment complete
other pens with equal number of chicks
Matched at the same time and from
the same lot of eggs, fed by the
deep litter method and made to scratch
for every morsel, would grow from Is
to rs per cent more rapidly on the av-
erage than the chicks fed out of dry
food hoppers.
Other differences were noticeable, in
Guiding quantity and condition of
plumage absence of colds and other
ailments.
This plan is certainly worth trial.
1t seems to offer the best solution of
the feeding problem for little chicks
We would urge general experimenting
all along the line.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
sow FALL WHEAT EARLY

In the great corn belt of the middle
west most farmers are afraid their
wheat will make too much top in the
fall and SOW very late in order to avoid
the Hessian fly. AS a rule, however, it
it better to sow early enough to get
eight or ten inches growth. Harrow
the seed bed frequently, making a fine
dust mulch, which will conserve mois-
ture and cause regular termination.
Wheat put in this way makes a strong
err growth in the spring and natures at
least a week earlier. If early and late
seeded wheat come through the winter
without injury the early wheat will all
ways outyield the other, although II
may have a tendency to lodge Watch
your own wheat next spring and ses
how it comes out and then sow next
fall at time to make it better the
following year.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
LOSSES BY WILD HORSES
On Western Ranches They Coax
Away Others and Kill and
Main Farm Animals.

1t Is estimated by government forest
rangers that there are from 10000 to
$4,000 wild horses overruning the pub
lie ranges in the mountains of Nevada
and other far western states.
1t was recently stated in dispatch
from Washington that forest rangers
had been ordered to shoot all wild
horses found on the ranges, but this is
now. denied. Government employees can
only confine their energies to fencing
crops from the trespassing animals or
rounding them up when they appear
and threaten damage to the range.
Within the last few years they have
increased to such an extent that in
many localities they are classed as
'varmints" with wolves, wildcats and
grizzlies, and every mans rifle is
turned against them. No fence is
strong enough to stop these horses, and
when they appear in force they have
even been known to knock down and
Kill cows and calves.
After each visitation from a herd
the ranchman is likely to mourn the
loss of his domestic horses, and it re-
quires only few days association
with their new companions for the
best broken animals to become as wild
as their nomadic comrades.
The Legislature of Nevada passed a
law many years ago specifically allow
ing hunters to shoot wild horses and
to sell their hides for what they could
get in the open market The law
opened the way to a new and unusual
| industry and many men found the
killing of wild horses very profitable.
Besides. the work was exciting and
gave the business the added zest OF
! sport.
AS time went on and the business Of
killing these outlaws" on the ranges
assumed greater proportions stockmen
found that the professional hunters
were in manys cases abusing their
rights and We're killing branded and
shod horses.
This put an end to the business, for
on complaint of the stockmen the Ne
vada legislature promptly repealed the
law 1t is estimated that $4,000 ami
mails We're killed during the time that
the law was in force.
/ The wild horse question has again
| become very serious one and any one
who can devise a plan for effectually
/ disposing of them will have done a
great service to the stockmen Of the
western states.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1908-08-01
FEEDING NOTES

Every farmer ought to raise suffi-
cient oats to supply him with at least
one daily ration for his horses through
out the year. Too much corn does a
horse harm.
Keep the sheep off frozen rape. A
very small quantity may not injure
them, but any amount will do them no
good.
UP in Minnesota, where they raise a
great deal of barley, it is fed to the
cattle with fairly good results, but
there is nothing on earth that will put
fat on a steers ribs like shellea corn
and alfalfa