Evening journal., 1908-06-08

and cruelty ravaged BY the Marshalls
Of France; first by Turenne In 1874
next by Duras In 1859. and last by the
Duke Of orges in 1895. Macaulay
says;
Duras received orders 10 turn
one OF the fairest regions OF Europe
into q wilderness. The ravages
by Turenne. though they have left
a deep stain on his glory. were
mere sport In comparison with the
horrors OF this second devastation.
That by Lorges, in 1896. was equally
dreadful
THE country, which. however. made
tho largest contribution OF Presbyler-
ians to America. II not to Drawyers,
was ireland. It took both starvation
and persecution TO drive those hardy
forbearers OF our from their homes to
the wilderness.
"The facts are all the more singular
when II Is remembered that the people
thus expelled, constituted a large part
Of the Protestant garrison in Ireland.
For time beyond the memory of man.
the North of Ireland had been peopled
from Scotland; their shores being with
In sight. But with the reign OF James
I, in 1908, the movement became larger.
IL was greatly increased after Crom-
wells devastations, and these Scotch
Irish were Presbyterians all. The es-
tablished church drew It's strength. Of
course, from the English. but imparti-
ally against all ireland. whether Catho
lie. Presbyterian or Ispisoopalian, the
commercial seihshness Of England
levelled its successive blows Up to
the time OF the Restoration no legis-
lative disability rested on Irish In.
dustry, but between 1906 and 1880. all
expectations Of Irish cattle. sheep OF
swine. or their products into England
were forbidden. In 1898 all impor,a-
tions from the colonies into Ireland
was prohibited, The Irish then turned
their efforts to wool, hut IN 1894 ex.
portation of Irish manufactured wool q
any country whatever was prohibited
OF this LeclSy says:
So ended the fairest promise Ire
land had ever known of becoming
a prosperous and happy country.
The ruin was absolute and final
During the same period. however
the religious oppression was equal,
vigorous. BY the famous Test Act
OF 1873. 10 take the oath Of Ailegianc'
and surcmacy was made a condition o.
holding Office. civil or military, or a
property In corporate towns. A spec'a
section for Ireland provided that n,
person should have the benefit OF tn,
act who did not conform TO the Churcl
Of ireland as by law established Oi
the death OF a Protestant land owner
the right OF an heir. IL a Presbyterian
passed over 10 a more remote membe
Of the Established Church. At last
after George / came on the throne.
Lutheran in religion. the Whigs. VIII
were again in control Of the Englisl
Government. were anxious TO grant tn
dissenters OF ireland relief: so in III
a bill to repeal the nacramentai tes
clause was introduced into the Iris
Parliament. Instead of passing II Il
that form and thus granting the relic
sought, It was made even more oppres
sive. An amendment merely gave IN
| n-Conformists a bare permission I
meet for worship In their own chape
while the tests were gtcrnly upheld
and in this form IL became a law. 70
nearly fifty years had the Presbyterian
of ireland writhed under the Test As
and its expression exercised by IN
Bishops Under Lutheran king an
an English Whig ministry. az last the
| hoped for relief. Incapacitated fror
holding public employment. or any OF
flee above a petty constable. their mar
riages invalid. and forbidden TO open
single school. they asked for bread an
got stone.
And now. as Fronds says:
And now recommended the Pro-
testant emigration which robbed
Ireland OF the bravest defenders Of
English interests. and peopled the
American seaboard with fresh
flights of Puritans. Twenty thous-
and left Ulster on the destruction
of the woolen trade. Many mora
were driven away by the first pas
sage of the Test Act. The stream
had slaekened. in the hope that the
law would be altered. When the
prospect finally closed. men OF spirit
and energy refused 20 remain in a
country where they were unfit 10
receive the rights OF citizenship:
and thereupon, until the spell OF
tyranny was broken in 1776, annual
shiploads Of families poured them
selves out from Belfast and Lon
donderry. The resentment, which
they carried with them, continued
TO burn in their new homes: and
in the War Of Independence, Eng
land had no fiercer enemies than
the sons and grandsons Of tho
Presbyterians who had held Ulster
against Tyrconnel'
Find Liberty Here.
"But for these the oppressed OF MAJ
lands. meantime there had opened
great light in the West. The one Sc
that never persecuted was the Quaker
On the contrary. the iercest persec
tion was visited upon them because tn
raised not their hands. but their voic
against persecution. To the earli
apostles of tolerance. Baltimore, q
Catholic. and Roger Williams, Z
Puritan. was now to bo added Z
beautiful. indeed. what las come 10
to seem the majestic presence Of W
liam Penn. Upon his arrival here
1852. he promulgated in his frame
government these words. that "
, never die:
That all persons living in this
Province. who confess and aclSnowl'
, edge the Almighty and Eternal God
: TO be the Creator. unholder and
ruler of the world, ond that hold
themselves obliged in conscience e
! live peaceably and sustly in civil
society. shall in no way be moleste7
or r,rnindicnd for their religious