The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1908-12-11

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states rights.
The proposal to make the natiOna
government supreme over, and there
fore to give it complete control over
the railroads and other instruments OF
interstate commerce is merely pro
posal to carry out to the letter one OF
the prime purposes, if not the prime
purpose. for which the constitution
was founded. 1t does not represent
Capitalization.
1 believe that the more farSighteG
corporations are themselves coming t.
recognize the unwisdom Of the violent
hostility they have displayed during
the last few years to regulation and
control by the national government OF
com binations engaged in interstate busi
ness.
Labor.
There are many matters affecting Ia
Dor and the status Of the wageworkel
to which 1 should like to draw your
attention. AS far as possible I hope
to see a frank recognition Of the ad
vantages conferred by machinery, or
eanization and division Of labor, &C
companied by an effort to bring about
a larger share in the ownership by
wageworker Of railway, mill and fac
tory. In farming this simply means
that we wish to see the farmer own his
own land. We do not wish to see the
farms so large that they become the
property of absentee landlords who
farm them by tenants nor yet so small
that the farmer becomes like a Euro
pean peasant.
The depositors in our savings banks
now number over one-tenth Of our en-
tire population. These are all capital
lists who through tie savings banks
loan their money to the workers-that
is, in many cases to themselves-to
carry on their various Industries.
Postal savings banks will make it easy
for the poorest to keep their savings
In absolute safety. The regulation OF
the national highways must be such
that they shall serve all people with
equal justice. Corporate finances must
be supervised so as to make 1t far
safer than at present for the man of
small means to invest his money In
stocks. There must be prohibition OF
child labor, diminution Of woman Ia
Dor, shortening of hours Of all me-
chanical labor. Stock watering should
be prohibited, and stock gambling, so
far as is possible, discouraged. There
should be a progressive inheritance
tax on large fortunes. Industrial edu-
cation should be encouraged.
Protection For Wageworkers.
There is one matter with which the
congress should deal at this session.
There should no longer be any palter-
ing with the question Of taking care
of the wageworkers who, under our
present Industrial system, become kill
ed, crippled or worn out as part Of the
regular incidents Of given business.
The object sought for could be achiev-
ed to a measurable degree, as far as
those killed or crippled are concerned,
by proper employers liability laws.
As far as concerns those who have
been worn out, call your attention to
the fact that definite steps toward pro-
viding old age pensions have been
taken in many Of our private indus
tries.
Pending a thoroughgoing investiga-
ton and action there is certain legis-
lation which should be enacted at
once. The law passed at the last ses-
sion Of the congress granting COM
pensation to certain classes OF en-
ployees Of the government should be
extended to include all employees OF
the government and should be made
more liberal in its terms. In this re-
spect the generosity Of the United
States toward its employees compares
most unfavorably with that OF every
country In Europe-eveD the poorest.
The terms of the act are also a
hardship in prohibiting payment in
cases where the accident is in any
way due to the negligence Of the en-
ployee. 1T is inevitable that daily IA
miliarity with danger will lead men to
take chances that can be construed
into negligence.
1 renew my recommendation made
in a previous message that half holi-
days be granted during the summer to
all wageworkers in government en-
ploy.
I also renew my recommendation
that the principle of the eight hour
day should as rapidly and as far as
practicable be extended to the entire
work being carried on by the govern
ment.
The Courts.
most earnestly urge upon the con-
gress the duty of increasing the totally
inadequate salaries now given to our
judges. On the whole, there is no
body of public servants who do as
valuable work nor whose moneyed
reward is so inadequate compared to
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