davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
Forest Fires,
The Mountains of Kirby and Victory
Burned Over.

The past week the mountainous re-
gions OF Kirby and Victory have been
devastated by forest fires and it was not
until Monday night that they were
under control. A force of nearly 100
men fought the progress OF the flames
through the young timber and when the
fire was controlled a tract of over 2OOO
acres was surrounded by trench eight
miles in circumference. In the burned
district were from Is to 20 lots, mostly
second growth timber. While the loss
on this will not be as heavy as if it was
full grown stock, it will be many years
before the land will be worth as much as
it was before the fire. Three of the lots
burned over were the property of the In
ternational Paper Company and 200
acres belonged to Elmer A. Darling of
East Burke. This property had been
burned over about six years ago. Mr..
Darling was in the thick of the fight all
the time and personally superintendent
the work of fighting the fire. Sunday
afternoon the fire came altogether too
close to Will Rnssells place in Kirby,
but it was successfully diverted, Before
the fire was under control it was only
two miles from the village of Lyndon
vile.
Silsbys mountain in Waterford has
also been burning the past week and a
number of visitors saw the progress OF
this fire Sunday afternoon from various
vantage points in this vicinity.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21

!. Weeks OF Boston, and Carol Human
of West Derby.
Mrs. Olive Morrill,, who has been quite
i'll, is some better.
Miss Ella Mclaughlin spent the first
of the week with relatives at East Burke.
Mrs. Arthur Orcutt was given sur
prise party by her friends from East St.
Johnsbury and St. Johnsbury last week.
As it was her birthday number OF valu-
able presents were given. Progressive
whist was played and good time en-
joyed by all.
Mr.. and Mrs Floyd Blodgett and son
of Waterford and Miss Emily Goss OF
Lyndonville spent Sunday at NC. Goss' &.
Rev. Mr.. Adams of Huntington, P. O.,
will speak at the Universalist church
Oct. "a.
Rev. and Mrs. l. w. Mclaughlin of
Lyndonvile called on friends here Fri
day
The ladies of the Methodist church are
planning for a sale at the'church Dec. IL.
Fancy articles, vegetables and canned
fruit will be on sale Any one wishing
to contribute can leave articles with
Mrs. Lewis Menut or Mrs. Herbert Lou
gee.
George Morrill, had good old.fashion-
ed husking bee at his home Monday eve
ming fine time was enjoyed by all.
NJ. D. Park returned from Boston,
Thursday.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
EAST ST. JOHNSBURY.

Mrs. G. l. Copp has been entertaining
her cousin, Mrs. Ellen Russell, of
NARROW, N. H., the past week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Reynolds and son
Clifton of Danville visited their sister,
Mrs. H. O. Lyon, last week.
Mrs. Miranda Dodge of Concord spent
Saturday and Sunday at the home of her
son, G. W. Dodge.
Miss Mamie Brown has returned from
Beach Bluff, Mass, where she has had
employment the past summer.
Henry Babcock started Monday for
Buffalo N. T., where he has employment.
His young friends gave him farewell
party, Saturday evening, and presented
him with a watch fob.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
Grand Army Rally.

Chamberlin Post No, /, G. A. r., kept
open house Saturday afternoon and eve
ming and entertained number of COM
rades and their families. There was a
social gathering in the afternoon and a
presentation of a picture of Anderson
vile prison by 0. G. Chase of Lyndon
vile, whose army experience included
residence at this awful place. Supper
was served at o'clock by the Woman's
Relief Corps. The exercises in the eve
ming opened with a presentation of the
flag to the post by the Woman's Relief
Corps. The presentation address was
made by Mrs. L. N. Smythe and it was
accepted by the post commander, Capt.
L. W. Fisher. Hon. Elisha May spoke
on "The Advantages of a Rally" and
remarks were made by Capt. E. l..
Hovey and Mr.. Colby, commander OF
Brooks post at Montpelier. An inter
esting feature of the evenings program
was the splendid recital of Barbara
Freitchie" by Miss Florence Celley.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
Home Department Conference.

A home department conference OF the
St. Johnsbury Township Sunday School
Association will be held in the South
church Friday, Oct 80, followed on Sat
urday by complete canvass of the town
by band of 70 volunteer workers. On
Sunday afternoon the canvassers will
meet and report the result OF the can
vass. The program of the conference in
cludes addresses by local workers, two
addresses by Miss Edith NJ. Balch of
Burlington, state secretary of the home
department, and an address on Soul
Winning" Friday evening by Rev. F. Z.
White of Lyndon. Alter the supper
those who attended the state convention
at Bellows Falls will make short re
ports.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
SherbrOOke Scale Plant Opened.

H. N. Turner, c. H. Turner, p F.
Hazen, John c. Clark, E. X. jenkins,
Charles H. Horton and Henry J. Fuller
of Montreal were present at the official
opening of the Fairbanks shops at Sher-
brooke the first of last week. Mayor
Bachand, father of DR.. J.. D. Bachand of
this town, ]. NJ. Jenckes, ]. S. Mitchell,
A. G. Lomas and many other prominent
Sherbrooke people were present to watch
the castings that were made for some
big track scales for the Intercolonial
Railway.
An inspection of the buildings followed
and the Sherbrooke Record says that in
full operation the shops will give en-
ployment to about 1875 hands Besides
scales the company are prepared to make
brass valves and other lines of manufac-
ture as the business develops.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
Y. M. C.. A. Notes.

Next Saturday, Monday and Tuesday,
a membership campaign will be con-
Quoted bv % members of the Associa-
ton. The membership at present stands
at nearly 800 and the aim is to increase
it to 400. 1t is expected that the young
men. and the business and professional
men as well, will give ready response
to this request. If 400 men will asso-
ciate themselves as members of the local
Association, giving it their support
financial and otherwise, there is no
doubt that the St. Johnsbury Y. M. {. A.
will continue to grow and do its work
for the men of our town. The men who
refrain from joining have no justification
for criticising the Association II 1t fails
for lack of the support OF the public.
The annual membership tee for all PRIV
leges, including the gymnasium, is 80;
without the gymnasium, So. Boys from
II to 16 are admitted to all Junior prlvi-
leges during specified hours. Member
ship fee, So.
The General Secretarys Bible class
will meet next Sunday at 8 o'clock.
Supper will be served to the class at 9.
Ali men are cordially invited.
The educational classes in bookkeep-
! ing, French and mechanical drawing
have an enrolment of 20 men. H. M.
Nelson has charge of the class in book
keeping; Brother Sylvere Of the paro-
chal school, the French; and Messrs. w.
! Z. Blodgett and A. l.. Lewis, mechanical
drawing.
There are now 2 permanent roomers
in the Associa ton building. Only two
single and two double rooms remain
vacant. There seems to be an impress
sion that there must be considerable re-
friction to one who rooms in the build
! ing. On the contrary no one can ind
room anywhere in town where he will
have more personal liberty than he
would in the Y NJ c. A. domitory.
Last Saturday the Juniors held another
successful paper chase, the course leading
over the Knob down through Peck S
farm to the Centre, returning to town
by the main road on the east bank OF the
river The boys take keen interest in
the runs and a number of good runners
have been found. A good turnout is
expected for the chase next Saturday at
3 o'clock.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
The Thief Saturday Night.

Charles Frohman will present to the
lovers of good plays an attraction on
Saturday night at New Music Hall that
is a good deal out of the ordinary line
and one that is pronounced by all as one
of the best plays, The Thief" A play
that can run 10 months in New York
before crowded house each night must
be of some merit, and the management
are very pleased to offer this big play to
St. Johnsbury people, knowing that it
will prove great treat for all lovers of
the stage. A carload of scenery is re-
quired to stage the piece. Many appli-
cations for out of town tickets have
been received. Seats on sale today at
II.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
Excursion 10 New York.

Tuesday, Oct 81 the Central Vermont
Railway will run its fall excursion to
New York via New London and the
Norwich Line Steamer City of Lowell"
Tickets will be sold at the very low fare
of 5000 for round trip from Cambridge
Junction. Tickets good TO return in ten
days. See flyers for particulars.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
ST. JOHNSBURY CENTER.

Mrs. Mary Hallett spent Sunday with
friends in Bradford.
Miss Maud Berry, who has been visit
ing in Boston and other places for several
weeks, returned home Friday.
Mrs. William Wallace entertained at
her home last week the following people:
Mrs George Young of St. Johnsbury. her
brother, Isaac Morrill, of McIndoes
Charles Weeks OF ST. Johnsbury, Mrs. A.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21
Dillingham; and Page for Senator's.
(By Telephone from Montpelier,)

(By Telephone from Montpelier)
In separate session yesterday the Lsgis-
lature reelected Senator Dillingham; as
his own successor in the Senate for a
term of six years. Hon. Carroll S. Page
was elected to fill the vacancy caused by
the death of Senator Proctor, receiving
202 votes in the House and % in the
Senate. The democrats voted for Mr.,
Billiard of Burlington who received 81
votes in the House and three in the
Senate.
Today in joint session the election of
Senator Dillingham; and Mr.. Page will
be completed, as provided by the consti-
tuition of the United States.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1908-10-21

A call has been extended by the Old
South Congregational church at Wind
sor TO Rev. Charles Frederick Echter-
becker to become pastor, and he has
accepted.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-06-01

beneath, from which 1t draws it's sus-
tenance. At any time during the sum-
mer months hundreds of these little
pests may be seen, even with the un-
aided eye, as they crawl about over
the bark or fruit of infested trees.
Even before the young insect has
attached itself to the bark the secre-
ton of the scale has begun. At first it
consists only of a fluffy white mass
of fine, waxy threads, which for the
first day or so of its existence causes
the young San Jose scale to appear as
a minute, downy, white speck upon
the bark. AS these filaments become
more abundant they become fused into
a more and more compact scale and
assume a yellowish color. Later the
young scale-insect molts several times
during it's growth and the fully devel-
oped scale is thus made up Of fused
wax filaments and the several molted
skins.
Each female of the over-wintering
generation is capable under favorable
conditions of producing approximately
one hundred young. In the course of
but one month these reach maturity
and the females begin to produce an
other generation. There are thus
produced some four or five generations
during the entire season. Under sup
posedly favorable conditions single fe-
males of the later generation have
been observed to produce approximate
ly six hundred young. Basing their
estimates upon breeding-cage observa-
tons, DR.. Howard and Mr.. Pergande
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-06-01

throughout life to the branch on which
ii feeds, 1t is often asked how is 1t
that the San Jose scale can spread
from tree to tree, orchard to orchard,
and even for larger districts? 1t is
only during the first few hours of its
existence that one of these little pests
can emigrate, and observation has
shown that even then it is incapable
by it's own efforts of getting more than
a few feet from the tree on which it
was born. But birds, and bees, and
other insects, make good airships for
the little creatures, and, no doubt,
many a young scale has crawled upon
the foot of bird or upon some large
insect and thereon voyaged to the dis
tant realm of another tree or orchard
No doubt, also strong gusts of wind
often tear them loose from the bark
on which they are crawling and watt
them to the branches of neighbOring
trees. These are provisions of nature
for distributing the species. Through
the channels of trade they are car
ried long distances, even from CONT
nent to continent, upon infested nurs-
cry stock, cuttings, etc., and probably
to lesser extent upon infested fruit.
Buds and scions carelessly taken from
an infested tree may transmit the pest
to the orchard in which they are placed
or may infeSt an entire block of trees
in some nursery, and thence be dis
tributed to many orchards. 1t is also
probable that many are carried about
upon the hands and clothing of men
who prune the trees or pick fruit or
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-06-01

have shown that it would be possible
under the most favorable conditions
for the progeny of single female to
reach the astonishing number OF 1916
$50, 400 individuals in a single season.
Should each of these scales reach the
largest size, one-tenth of an inch, and
were they all placed side by side touch
ing each other in all directions there
would be enough of them to cover ap-
proximately five acres of surface. 1t
is almost needless to add that in the
intense struggle for existence OF or
ganism with organism and with eli
matte conditions such an astonishing
rate of multiplication is not even ap-
proximated under natural conditions
Nevertheless, when one realizes the
enormous rapidity with which this
pest multiplies it is no longer sur
prise that careless work in spraying
fails to give satisfactory results. A
few females here and there upon very
small portions of the tree which have
not been reached by the spray may
during a single season completely re-
infest the tree. Satisfactory results
are obtained only by the most thor
ough work. Every square inch of sur
face of trunks, limbs, branches and
twigs should be thoroughly covered.
BY far the most common cause OF
unsatisfactory results is the failure
of those who spray to do thorough
work.
How the San Jose Scale Spreads.
Since the female scale is motion
less, and permanently attached
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-06-01

each end six inches beyond the sides,
and then be turned up and fastened Sc
curely, thus forming shallow troughs
at each end, which must be kept filled
with water to keep the ends from
burning.
These watts may readily be set up
wherever there is convenient water
supply by simply digging trench of
the proper dimensions, placing the vat
over it and banking about with earth
to prevent the fire from reaching the
wooden sides. A better draft is Sc
cured by erecting a few feet of stove
pipe at the back end. If the vat is to
be permanently located it is, of course,
preferable to mount it upon a brick
arch With such an apparatus one
can readily prepare the spray as fast
as it can be used by power spraying
outfit running two lines of hose.
If one may possess a steam boiler
it can be most conveniently boiled in
a number of barrels or in large wood
en- watts, the steam being conveyed to
the bottom of the barrels or watts. Thus
liberated it not only boils the spray,
but keeps it well stirred the while,
thus eliminating much of the drudg-
cry of stirring by hand which is Incl
dent to other methods.
Enemies of the San Jose Scale.
AT present | can offer no encour-
agement to those who desire to see the
Sal. Jose scale held in check by its
natural enemies. In August, 1903,
re ceived, through the courtesy of DR..
CONTINUED on Page 49,
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-06-01

large proportion, especially of imma-
ture scales, usually perish during the
winter.
The male scales are not circular,
but somewhat elongate. II one re-
moves one of the large circular scales
the little yellow object thereby re-
yealed is a mature female. Under
moderate power microscope she proves
to be nearly circular, yellow, SACK
like body with long, slender, Drlstle'
like mouth parts. (See Fig. 80 An
examination of the male shows him TO
be more elongate and to possess the
rudiments of legs, wings, eyes, anten-
nae, etc. (See Fig. A. The females
live and die beneath their scales
never leaving them; but in April the
males mott for the last time and soon
thereafter emerge from under their
scales as minute, active creatures with
fully developed wings. (See Fig. 3D.
After mating, the males die.
In May possibly earlier under favor
able conditions, the females begin TO
give birth to living young and may
continue to produce for six weeks or
longer. The young are minute, nght
orange-yellow, active creatures with
ewes, bristle-like mouth parts, two an
tennae, or feelers, and six legs. (See
Fig. g. After emerging from under
the protecting scale of the parent each
wanders over the surface OF bark, lear
or fruit until a suitable situation is
found, when the legs and antennae are
folded beneath the body, the bristle-
like beak is slowly worked through
the outer bark into the living tissues
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-06-01

otherwise work about the orchards.
By such means has the scale been
brought from China, it's native home,
to San Jose, Cal whence in thirty
five years it has spread to practically
all the fruit growing states in the
Union and to farious foreign coun-
tries.
Remedies.
There is but one remedy yet dis
this state. That is the lime, sulphur,
salt spray. In the East, fairly salts
factory results have been obtained by
the use of various preparations OF kero-
sene or other petroleum products. but
the high price of kerosene makes 1t
impracticable to use it here in any
form for spraying purposes except in
a very small way. The San Jose scale
has probably been present in this
state approximately twenty-five years;
and for the past fifteen years the lime,
sulphur, salt has been the standard
spray for destroying it. During the
first few years of it's use various for
mulas were employed and to a less
extent this is still true, but since De-
cember, 1896, when it was first pub
lished in the Biennial Report of the
State Board of Horticulture, the for
mula which has come to be known as
the Oregon formula has been the
standard in this state.
The Oregon Formula.
This formula was the result OF some
xtensive experiments by the late
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-06-01

but upon the yellow fruits like pears,
peaches, and the yellow plums and
apples, each scale produces bright,
reddish discoloration. If badly in.
tested, the fruit, particularly of pears
and apples. become much pitted, dis
torted in shape, cracked and unmar
ketable.
For the benefit of fruit inspectors
in particular, it should be noted that
reddish discolorations upon yellow
fruits are not always caused by san
Jose scale. Upon yellow apples and
particularly upon peaches very similar
spots are produced by attacks of GER
tain minute fungi Hence, such spots
should not in themselves be taken as
proof of infestation by the scale. The
presence of such blotches may well
arouse suspicion of the presence of San
Jose scale and should challenge care.
full examination alike by growers, buy
ers and inspector; so also should the
presence of dead and shriveled leaves
upon the trees in midwinter invite eX-
animation for, although their presence
is not proof of the presence of the
scale, it is evidence that the vitality
of the tree has been seriously i'm.
paired by some cause, and in regions
where San Jose scale is prevalent that
cause, in a vast majority of instances,
is the scale.
Development of San Jose Scale.
On the approach of winter scales
of various ages and sizes may be
found upon infested trees. A very
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1908-06-01

and is an follows:
Quicklime ....... so pounds
Sulphur ........ so pounds
Salt ............. so pounds
Water ........ $50 gallons
This may be much simplified by des.
ignating it as the lib formula, /. e.,
1 pound of lime, 1 pound of sulphur,
and 1 pound of salt to each 3 gallons
of water. West of the Cascades this
formula is more efficient than the
lila formula, which is reported to
be satisfactory in the Inland Empire.
In preparing this spray it is my
plan to put little water in the bot
tom of the boiling vat, start the fire,
and when the water comes to boil
pour in the required amount of lime
and sulphur. The hot water, together
with the heat generated by the slak-
ing lime, will at once set the mass
to boiling briskly. This should be kept
up for at least an hour, or until the
mixture is of deep blood-red color,
and there is but little free sulphur
floating upon the surface.
The lower plate on this page is re-
produced from photographs of two SIM
pie boiling watts. Fig. is simply
"hog scalding' vat made of "inch-and-a-
half" lumber and with galvanized iron
bottom. 1t is eighteen inches wide
on the bottom, twenty inches wide on
top, and ten feet long. The sides should
project two or three inches beyond the
end and the galvanized iron, of which
the bottom is made, should project at
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1908-01-16
SOLDIERS SENT TO MUNCIE
ApJUTANT GENERAL ASKS FOR
THEM AFTER CONFERENCE.
Gov. HanIy Orders Battery and
Twelve Companies Of Infantry
to Help Suppress Riots.

Muncie Ind, Jan. AT q confer
ence Friday night between Adjt. Gen.
Perry. Mayor Guthrie, the sheriff, city
officials and several prominent citi-
zens, 1t was decided to ask Gov. Hanly
to send state troops here at once.
When the days work was ended
many of the policemen who had been
On constant duty for 4S hours lay
down on the station floor and fell
asleep. The majority of the special
men who had been sworn in refused to
serve longer.
AS result Gen. Perry telephoned
iov. Hanly details of the situation and
ie promptly ordered out battery A and
lour companies of indianapolis in
rantry and eight companies from other
'ities in the state. The understanding
vas that martial law is not to be pro
'laimed until necessary, the duty of
he troops being to work in conjunc-
er. The troops will be brought by
lccial cars.
Muncie, Ind, Jan. 3.-Rioting was
eaumed Thursday on the streets of
Iuncie botween the striking EN-
'loyes of the street railway company
.nd the strkebreakers. Two thousand
len began stoning the cars. Shots
ere fired and nine persons we're in.
ired.
Cars were started Thursday with.
lut interruption, eacn protected by
rom seven to nine strikebreakers. At
at the interurban station and in 80
minutes 1000 persons surrounded the
building. Cars were stoned as they
started out. At other parts of the
ci.y cars were stopped and the strike
breakers were driven off. Two cars
snce of the motormen and several
pc pie had narrow escapes. No one
was fatally injured. II is expected
the troops now being held in readiness
1t indianapolis will be brought here.
The demonstration made by the
'rowd of strikers and sympathizers
became so strong later in the day
Lat the street car company decided
% abandon efforts to run cars on the
,iiy lines. There was no interrup.
ion of interurban traffic. Following
he withdrawal of local cars no fur
her demonstrations were made.
indianapolis, Ind, Jan. 3.-Three
companies of the Indiana National
Guard spent the day under arms at the
barracks and are being held in readi-
1883. Companies at Winchester, Koko-
no. Greenfield and Lebanon have been
ordered by Gov. Hanly to be ready to
move at once in case Of further trouble
on account of the street railway strike
at Muncie, Anderson and other places
along the line of the Indiana Union
raction lines.