davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22

from America more than year before, and was
starvtng-or very nearly so-in aoIDorn gar
ret-so obscure that one hardly finds mention
OF him in the memoirs Of any OF the otner
errggTeS, such Madame de Botgne; so poor
that when he returned TO Paris seven years later
almost a parsonage, as he says-nls urSI Hct
was 10 ask for loan Of fve-and-Cwenry louis
to tide him over the hard times still IN front OF
him.
In HoIborn he occupied a furnished lodging,
let TO him by Baylis, the printer, at a rent OF g
guinea mouth. He earned what he could Oy
literary hack work-chlefy translation from m Lne
Latin and the French-and began, at the same
time, to write what he hoped might prove
"Tuagnurn opus: his ESSG4 sur les HeCot@ttopS'
The work was very hard, and the pay was very
pOor: his prospects were black. and his distress
was deep He dined, as long as he could afford
to do so at a shilling ordinary at a tavern
Presently he had TO cut his dinner money down
to sixpence little later there were Gays
several consecutive days--On which he had notn-
ing to drink but water, and nothing 10 eat out
bread At the same time his heaIln was IN
bad way and he was splitting blood. he hac'
as he graphically puts it, his tombstone I0r
writing desk"
tons of these terrible experiences, ne was
French Arnbassador-"a magnificent Arnoassa-
dor" he says-at the Court OF 81 james anu It
had Just sat next to Canning, ana heard 5 hlS
health proposed in fattering terms az the annual
dinner OF the Royal Literary Fund The mem
orIes evoked, and the thought or the conIrdst
be+Zvean the present and the past, had moved
him 10 tears and generosity. When the collec-
+ior was made writes his secretary, M de Mar
ceIlus sehe emptied both his purse and nine
-Francis Gribble, in The Fortnightly Review
ON THE SHORE OF THE RED SEA
sew Arab towns may be found along the
coast, and, few and far between as 1leg gs1II, 1I,
one would wonder to what they could possloly
owe their existence. Outside Of their dIn4hut1Ve
corenes the eve searches in vain for slga OF
c,1Itjvation or Of human habitation Yet IheIe
80 rra74 as thew have stood most or thena'
for more centuries tEan any one can teI! ICY ne!
are said 70 date back TO those DAYS "i-0- ---'
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22
CHATEAUBR1AND IN ENGLAND.

He fought at the siege Of Thionville, and did
enough for honor He caught smallpox, yet
managed to drag himself 20 Brussels and to Os-
tend, whence he crossed to Jersey, where an
uncle and some OF his cousins had taken refuge.
He stayed with them, gradually recovering his
health, for about four months At the end OF
that time he took the packet for England, land
ing at Southampton n 1893 with thirty louis IN
his purse. And in England he first teu into
destitution, and then fell in love.
II was the time when the Terror ragged IN
France and many Of Chateaubriands relatives
were numbered among its victims. His mother
was imprisoned in Paris, and his wife and his
sister were imprisoned at Rennes. until the coun-
ter-revoIution Of Thermidor released them HIS
brother and his brothers wife were taken to the
Place of the GuiIIotine IN the same tuubril with
his aged friend, N de Malesherbes, who de-
Tended Louis and could not speak, like gray
old rock dissolving into sudden water. 'One
Young Chateaubriand alone" writes Carlyle, "is
wandering amid the Natchez by the roar Of
Niagara Falls; but that is one of Carly1e's mis-
takes The young Chateaubriand had returned
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22
PARIS N THE SIXTIES.

The hotels n Paris in the sos gave better
coffee than IS low obtainable. but their sanitary
arrangements left much 70 be desired. The
Hotel FOUlLemOCt, close 10 the Place de Ia Con-
cor6e, was very quiet, clean and clstlngue but
duL. TIE King % Naples (BoTnDa) hVeo
there L1eC- with his beautiful consOrLr SISTER O.
The Empress Of Austria, fresh from the misery
cT Gaeta The Hotel des Etrangers. Rue N1vl-
eu1e was z <ne old seventeenth century house,
since demolished 70 give room 10 the Bib
E0-LeCue Impsriale (Natlonale). On all the
rev buildings IN Paris, especially on the Pavil-
Ions &c Flore, and the junction Of the Tullerles
s1G ne Louvre the imperial crown over \
appeared IN pr0fusiGn IL des enner1leS On
mis-. 7zrtout'' was said Of the Emperor. Among
the enemies, R5Chef0rt otherwise Marquis &c "a
R6chefo-r-Lucaye), IN the "Rappel," was most
persistent The Emperor's own family were not
rs best friends. Jerome (Plon-plon), who mar
Red King Victor Emuanuels sister, and dis
E-sreE her by his irreligious sentiments, was
sITsvs intriguing against the cousin who loaded
hin with benefits. Pierre Bonaparte, who shot
The journalist Uric De Fonv1elle II curious
duel n his own house dzd enormous harm 70 the
imperial cause. The Prince Imperial was per-
Esps destined 10 revive lost cause he was
delightful child, who often appeared dressed IN
-he uniform Of the Grenadiers de IA Garde In
pkrfale. The people cheered the prince and his
-.-se h11r thew scarcely noticed the Emperor. or
sve- tLe charming Empress IN the Champs
E1vsees. n 1863. there were but few residences
e- intervals beyond the Rond Point Where the
Avenue de TAIna and the Rue Pierre Charron.
11Il OF beautiful houses now stand, were moth
t-g but walls, gardens and small houses. There
were more important ones that have dlsap-
reared. GrenelIe was q district OF ''terrains
vsEues" The Trocsdero was a quarry OF oolitic
store N Casiu1ir Perier's handsome house
stood where IS now the Elys9e Palace Hotel
n .he Avenue Klebsr, where the Hotel Nag
-.6cert has lately been opened, lived Queen Isa-
herTa u Srsin Racv stories were told Of this
monarch: perhaps they we're inventions. The
Avenue Ge PIuperatrice. that leads down 20 the
BOs &c BouIogne from the ARC de / Etoile, looked
then much as now save that many more horse
men tror-ed on the soft side. Dr. Evans, the
American dentist who was instrumental IN aid
ing the Empress 20 escape from Paris hYed IN
= co--e~ hCr-se CT the left hard side going
coward the BoIs. Al tbs beautiful euees near
Pssev were n the most embryo state, ana apart
-5en-s could be had IN this quarter for a mere
senz-Colonel de IA Poer Beresford, n The Ma
ft5ra- Review
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22

kingdoms Of Egypt took their places among tns
i11-Sdon1s OF the world. Time has sWs1!o"eo
their history even as the sands OF the -
Ea'-a svaIIoyed the still more ancient cues o.
tfa interior A huddled little group OF WIZ
buildings dominated by the ineV1taoIe 1.I HlI1lsL
stands 1,1tyering and wtnkng IN the eVeIIa9lI-s
heat haze just on the line where the Ceep O49t
sea meets the brown monotony OF the oeseLc, =
might be an architectural group IN sugar 49, 49,.
from some tftantic wedding cake anu pIGH44I -
there hoIus-bolus Take Walk tnIousI S II
narrow tortuous streets, and you viii mo tnem
busy enough In their dreamy Eastern fashIon-
Arabs tIIrbaned and spotlessly ettiredr are pass
ing 10 and fro or bargaining at booths Win me
half-naked rustics who have come IN rom the
desert Long strings Of canels laden Win l!le
produce Of the far interior are halted at the
merchants doors. Pilgrims for Mecca arrive
and embark on the dhows that ride at enchor
in the roadstead- Many Of these poor falth1uIs
have come from the uttermost confines OF the
Mahor1etan world from the western Sehara-
from Kano from Timbuctoo They Will have
been away three. four and even five years Irom
their countries by the time they get back-r
they ever do get back Now they are poor IN
the worlds goods, most Of their little hoards
have been spent on the road. but faith and hope
IS to them an endless store Mecca Is near. and
having reached Il, what matters afterward7
Formerly the traffic IN slaves played q cOnsid-
erable part IN the affairs Of these towns. Now.
though the trade may and does 60 on surreptt-
tiousiv the vigilance Of those masterful. inter
fering English makes II but a poor speculation
for the "cIty man" OF the Red Sea--Chambers's
Journal
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22
TWO GREAT MEN OF JAPAN


-ss privileged TO see good deal OF me
= -, who are actually the founders ot 1ne
49, W. and marvellous japanese Empire F1nCe
Enoos- = - olain Mr." Ia those days-occupled
~ ~ 80 Of Minister OF the Interior lnouye
- Foreign Minister. In many intl1laAe con-
-ssrfors ! had with the latter he told me tns
,srs1~,- 0f his lie which reaches beyond the
t-ST-ds Of fancy Of the average roInsnclst- f1e
- TO felorved TO the Sauural class the
-r1es o. old .Iapan- privileged 10 carry ana use
- +---o-hsr1tled sword. Fifty years ago the
--or,fhs just past their twentieth year, were IN
- -etfnue and confidence OF the Prince OF
-.,,efT he E-as the last leader Of the lost
cs-.sa OF old japan His name lives IN history
t-esr.r,ch as, II defiance Of the Tycoon who
-zss aaIlyine, with the foreigners. he closed the
e--sits OF Shirnonosed against British ships,
,.,-ear rer5r- TO FIRE on any that came within
-snge Of his guns. The youths demonstrated
u4rh their hot headed chieftain, pointing out the
s7,slitv cs opposing force TO Great Britain "The
ming 70 do" they said. '1s TO beat England on
her own ground We must learn TO build ships.
81 ships and fight them in feet Of our own
Then we shall be sble % keep our coasts in
yio1ate"
They volunteered TO so TO England. spy out
.he land master the secret OF naval supremacy
h-iuE i back 10 Japan. create q feet and then
Jet bozsrful Western nations look 10 themselves
II 1855 when this project was submitted, It
seemed childish n its audac1ty- AS we know, It
Rs been literally realized Under great diff
crlrtes suffering much pr1vation- the two young
-nen made their way 70 London They had not
been there more than three months when they
we're Convinced OF the helpieSsneSs Of the etti-
-use their prince had assumed toward the
mighty Western islanders Returning home
<7r lack OF money working their way before
the u1ast-they coUnseIled the prince TO make
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22
NIGHT " THE DESERT.

The NIGHTS IN the desert are beautiful IS
the DAYS though IN winter they are OFTEN biz
terry cold With the assistance OF warm oeo
and pIenty Of blankets however, one may sleep
ir the oren II comfort: and only those VINO have
known this vast bedroom VII understand no"
beautiful night may be. IF one turns 70 tae
east ore may stare al Mars flashing red some
where over Arabia and westward there Is Jupi-
Ter blazing above the Sahara One looks up
ssS M al the eypanse Of star strewn blue, ana
ones mind journeys OF itself into the place oI
dreams before sleep has come 70 conduct II
-rtrrl- The dark desert drops beneath one
The bed floats IN nidair, with planets above aho
below Could one but peer over the sioe the earth
would be seen as small and vivid as the moon;
but z trance holds the body inactive and me
eyes are fixed upon the space above Then,
quietly q ruff OF wind brings one down again
to realities as Il passes from darkness 70 dark
ness Consciousness returns quickly ana gently
points out the aspect Of the night lnolczIes ths
larger celestial bodies. and as quickly ana gent
= leaves one again 20 the tender whispers OF
sleep
When there IS moonlight there is more 70
carr the eve into the region OF dreams on earth
than there is IN the heavens; FOR the DESERT
SPREADS 0-1e around one IN a silver. shimmering
haze and no limit can be placed 70 its hor1-
KorE The eve cannot tell where the Sand meets
the sl.y nor can the mind know whether there
Is anv meeting in the dimness OF coming
SEER one wonders whether the hands or the SKY
are always Sust out Of reach OF those OF the
desert whether there IS always another nile
- Journey and always another NH 10 clfnDi
and wondering drifts into unconsclousness
- GAVIN The light brings one back 20 eaTth "a
tine 70 see the sun pass up from behind the
ssg hills n contrast &C tbs vague nEht ne
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22

penny, for IN Switzerland these penal institutions
are self-sUpportng."
In England the respectable unemployed man and
the hobo have the same reception at the casual
ward and the workhouse, but in Switzerland, says
the writer in THE Nineteenth Century there Is
no CHASING OF the unemployed by casualty or mis-
fortune with the unemployed by laziness or mis-
conduct; no melting out to them OF the meas
ure The who is out OF work through
his own fault, and because he does not wish to
be in work. is treated criminal and cenr as q
prisoner to a penal institution, while the who
is out Of work in spite OF his earnest endeavor to
be in work is helped without being subjected to
any humiliation whatever. It is much more easy
there however, than II is here, It must lie Idmit-
ted 10 distinguish between unemployed and Lnem-
pIoyed there every workingman has his
papers, documents which are given 10 aim by the
authorities Of the district where he has his settle
nent and which contain full Information as to
where and by whom he has been employed n the
course Of his life.
AID BUT NOT CHARITY.
Tn most districts in Switzerland there is = spe-
cal fund out OF which grants made to respec-
table persons who temporarily IN distress owing
TO lack OF employment. and these grants entail
neither the disgrace nor yet the disabilities
tailed by poor relief. In most districts. too, the
authorities IT part OF their business try 10
provide lucrative work for persons who cannot pro-
vide it for themselves They pay them regular
wages but lower wages than private employer
would pay them FOR similar work, and sometimes
instead of paying them money they pay them in
kind Then relief-in-kin6 stations-that is, casual
wards organized philanthropio hnes-are now
maintained IN every part Of industrial Switzerland
for the exclusive OF the respectable unem-
pIoyed and drunkards. criminals and lOafers are
never allowed 10 the threshold OF these
places no one is admitted to a Swiss relisf-in-
kind station unless his papers show that he has
been in regular work within the previous three
months and out Of work for at least five days;
unless they show. also that neither the police nor
his own district authorities have any reason for
looking him askancs. He who Is admitted.
however is made welcome, and Is treated with
consideration as a respectable man whom mis-
fortune has befallen-
Apparently the station is a sort Of wayside inn.
where the accredited guest gets a nights lodging
ana a meal or two, and Is aided TO ind job. He
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22

Prince Ferdinand deemed the time favorable for
action, and iutimated TO the Foreign Once IN
Vienna that he intended to promote the Pr1ncl-
pality 20 the rank OF kingdom and bestow the
crown upon himself. Swift and sharp was the
reply. The moment, Baron Won AshrentEa1 an
swered. is far from auspicious, the status quo
must not be disturbed In the Balkans. and un-
less Ferdinand renounces without delay his in
tention he will do well to give Austrian terri
tory q wide berth Accustomed 10 wait, the
Prince submitted, and welcomed TO the
Hapsburg Monarchy. This incident reveals the
fact that the Prince OF Bulgaria felt himself
obliged to give notice TO the Austrian Minister
Of Foreign Affairs OF any premed1tated act OF
his or Of his government which was calculated
to change the international status OF the Prtnci-
pality. Whether, as some assert, this ohliga-
ton arose from a formal agreement is tuula-
terial. The main point is that 1t was felt and
acted upon. For one may reasonably infer from
this that the Princes proclamation at TirnoVo
was expected by Austria. That it was desired
is matter Of common lznowledge--IT. E ]. DH-
lon in The Contemporary Review.
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22

may not tarry at the station nor pay return vsi'
70 II within SIX months.
These stations q sen1i-prfvate insCruuon'
they were organized and managed by local non
official committees which have formed themselves
into an international union. and all work togethe-
They are supported partly by voluntary contr1ou-
tons and partly by state. municipal and communal
grants The poor law authorities have nothing
whatever 70 DO with them For respecraole
work seekers relief In-ktnd station IS real boon
FOR thew can go there not only without losing their
self-respect but without running any FISK OF Oens
pauperizsd-"
Several cities also maintain home inns, where
vori1tngrnen II without lodgings. may stay with
their wives and children for time at very small
exnense or even IN cases gratis There are
also IN the chief Industrial centres warnestuben
warm roouls) provided either BY the authorities or
bv some private society, whers the unemployed
nav nasg their days while waiting for work
INSURED AGAINST UNEMPLOYMENT.
rr,+n two decades ago Switzerland dealt with tbs
unernn1oved mainly by extension OF ancient
methods; for back n 1881 Zurich had penal work
house for trarnps and attempts were made 70 ma
tobs Tor those who wanted them It was recognized
when the industrial depression OF the early niusties
Of the last century struck the country that the Old
remedies were inadequate Proposals were made
that the state should guarantees work for every man.
and also that municipalities should contr1Duts 70
union unemployment funds At length in 1891. the
-tx ~ Ferne started municipal FOR insur-
sucs against unemployment. the first CT It's kind
in the world This was a voluntary organization.
open TO any man who wished TO pay dues OF eight
cents a month and get unemployment benefit Of
twenty cents a day for sixty days when he needed
Il.
The bureau Is now Joined to the Berns municipal
la bor bureau and the Insurance dues fourteen
cents a month. with slightly increased benefits IN
unemployment Men unable to work. above sixty
years OF age or who strike may not be In
aNarS Of frzrI ATFrRa a
lowed to travel all the state railroads at half
fares when looking for Jobs The city authorities.
moreover give preference to the insured munich
pal work and try 20 have al public works
Quoted In the winter months. when theirs Is the
greatest need OF employment. About six hundred
persons insured last year. OF whom something
less than half asked AID. while the labor bureau
obtained Jobs FOR 1886 out OF l5.50s applicants.
AS long range attempts to remedy Unemployment
which is seen to affect nnskiusd labor sz7eciAIIz
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22
HOW SWITZERLAND
AIDS UNEMPLOYED
HELP WITHOUT HUMILITY
FOR JOBLESS.
Nan Who Is Idle Through HIS
Ozcn Fault Is Treated rs
Criminal.

The problem OF the unemployed has become
politicaI issue and nightmare in most civilized
Countries How to reduce the gr:st OF paIpers
turned out by the industrial machine in normal
times and 70 satisfy the threatening army or the
4obIess recruited in seasons OF periodic depression
is recognized to-day one Of society's vital con-
cerns = Sphinx's riddle which must De answered
on pain of final consequences
Switzerland - tackIng the universal problem IN
a rather different way from most nations. acccrd-
ting tn Edith Sellers in The Nineteenth Century
The crude methods OF other lands are not known
in the little mountain republic, which combines
ancient experience with lessons OF latter day IN
dus+rtalsn in dealing with the unemployed Beg
gtng and vagrancy are crimes IN Switzerland
"and IN some cantons the police receive a spe-
cial fee for every beggar or vagraGt they arrest
II a man is out Of work there he must try to
find work for II he does not the authorities OF
the district whers he has a settlement viii find II
for him and OF a kind perhaps, not at all 10 MS
tsste-tiring and badly paid He cannot refuse
70 do IT, for Il hs does he may be packed or
straight to d penal workhouse, an institution ~bere
military discipline prevails, and where every in
mats is made 10 work 10 the full extent of his
strength receiving IN return board and lodging.
with wages OF from penny to threepeucs & day.
and when once he is there, there he must stay
until the authorities decree that he shall depart
No matter how long his sojourn lasts. how
ever, 1t does not cost the community single
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22

there compulsory courses IN handicrafts in
most OF the public schools. and labor bureaus
range for the apprenticeship ot boys whose parents
cannot De trusted 10 arrange for e wisely Mas
ters are directly responsible local authorities
gor the technical training OF their apprenticss.~
One-tenth OF the state revenue from ths liquor
monopoly Is devoted 70 Temperance work for ths
oenent OF the working class which Is hsI3 20 IN
eIuda comfortable housing and cheap. wholesor1s
food The Bundesrath recently prohibited thu
manufaetu-e OF absinths and u considering u=s&S-
urss to prevent - importation .
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22
AN AMBITIOUS PRINCE

Tanisffnz sentimentality from politics. he
drives a hard bargain at all times and with all
neoDle In this matter he is no respecter OF
Tersons Born without fatherland. IN the true
sense Of the word ne conceived q yearning 10
wear crown and 10 the realization Of this
lifedream he devoted the faculties OF his mind
and feoDardfzed the welfare OF his immortal
soul The story Of his striving, his perseverance
and hfs ultimate success would II told graphic
ally and Ia detail. prove as interesting as
sensational novel a biography Of the Empress
OF China. Dissatisfied with the status Of Prince,
he has for years been watching his opportunity
TO proclairn himself King He felt Inundated
beyond words at being always set below the
Kings Of Servia and Rumania IN virtue of that
court etiquette OF which ne is himself d pedautic
observer. And he resolved TO amend this when
the fitting moment should arrive.
Last year. Just before setting out for Austria.
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22

terms with the British. But they were more
r-lly representative OF Japanese opinion when,
eight months earlier, they secretly le1t thelr
country IL search OF methods that would enable
them 70 tramPle the foreigner Their olc
friends regarded them q traitors and sought
20 take their lives TO went into hlol1g
-1oUye, falling into the hands OF the engereo
Sa-7u-ss vas slashed with swords and left for
dead by The roadside To this day he bears on
hls face z uen=nto OF the terrible night
Henry u. Lucy. II CornhLL
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22
SUPERIORITY OF THE GERMAN WORK


Another day, however. showed different
pect Of German life, with little enough here,
alas! 10 fatter our national complacency. This
visit TO Berlin formed part Of tour of inspec-
ton by the official members OF the party Of GER
tain great industrial workshops, owned and di-
rected by English enterprise in various North
German and other Continental towns In the
neighborhood Of Berlin these works are Of i'm
mense extent and many thousands OF artisans,
both skilled and unskilled. are employed them
A visit there soon aroused comparisons melan-
choly indeed &c those who may chance TO have
some acquaintance with life Of the English in
dustrial worker. Il was impossible to talk about
the great shops Il the word. of course, IN
its technical sense), filed with the busy throngs
Of men intent on their daily toll and not to be
struck first OF all with their great superiority IN
physique and bearing to any similar collection
Of indoor workers at home II did not lie only
in the straight, outstanding figures, the finely
developed chests and tbs well carried heads
which bore their obvious testimony to the results
Of military training. There was something more
than this, difference difficult TO define exactly,
but which gradually impressed itself forcibly
upon the observer standing apart and watching
closely for q time II lay perhaps in the i'm
preston Of definite purpose conveyed by all
their movements, IN the well directed fnteln
gent energy which went 70 all their actions, IN
the absence Of slouching and Of all that unnec-
New-York tribune., 1908-11-22
In fbe EnSlisb Ma6azi1es
ro Great lien Japan-Pars in the Sixties-A Night
the Desert

proceeding is rapid and businesslike. The light
precedes its monarch only by half an hour or
so, and ere the soft colors have been fully ap-
preciated, the sun appears over the rocks and
fings sharp beam into the eyes Of every living
thing, SO that in moment the camp is stirred
and awakened.-Arthur E P. Wegall, IN Black
woods