davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
SWEET POTATOES MAKE STARCH
Clemson College Bulletin That Is In
teresting and Suggestive.

Clemson College-Bulletin No. 136
of the South Carolina Experiment
station on "The manufacture OF
starch from sweet potatoes, has
been issued. The bulletin Is by G.. G..
Mcdonnell, who conducted the ex-
pertinent here before accepting a po-
sftfon with the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture in Washington.
The bulletin discusses the history
OF, the sweet potato, the climate and
soil necessary, the planting and cu,ti-
walton, the harvesting, the yield,
the cost of production and the
composition of the potato. and then
enters into a detailed exposition of
from the potato.
The chief sources of commercial
starch are corn, wheat, rice and Irish
potatoes. Corn is used almost ex-
1lusiyely in the United States, though
Irish potatoes and wheat are used to
small extent. In England nearly
all starch is made from rice and
wheat. The making of starch from
lrlsh potatoes Is carried on particu-
larly In Germany. The starch con-
tent of corn Is about 65 per cent.
wheat 5S per cent, rice rs per cent.
Irish potatoes 1S per cent
The sweet potato contains q larger
percentage of starch than the Irish
potato, yields heavier crop, and
can be grown more cheaply; and in
addition to these advantages, 1t has
a vine which makes good food for
STOCK some varieties being very pala.
table. .....
The development of cotton manu-
featuring in the South has created a
demand, which is continually increas-
Ing, for starch used in "sizing" yarn
and filling" cloth. Experiments
which have been carried out in many
mills of this State show that for use
on cotton goods the starch produced
from sweet potatoes Is better than
corn starch and fully equal to the
best grades Of Irish potato starch.
The amount Of starch produced
from good crop of sweet potatoes
per acre Is from one and a half to
four times that from Irish potatoes.
The annual production Of sweet pota-
toes In the South Atlantic and Gulf
States is about 6O,OOO,O00 bushels,
which might easily be increased ten
fold. -
The varieties most in demand for
table use are not necessarily the
ones best suited for the manufacture
of starch, for the varieties containing
the largest percentage of starch are
likely to be too dry and insipid for
table use
The data accumulated is yet insult
ficient to make any positive statement
as to whether the making of starch
from the sweet potato will prove a
paying investment; for at the present
price Of sweet potatoes their manu-
facture into starch alone might not
be proftable. But, grown on a large
scale, number Of expenses would be
eliminated. At present only a frac-
ton of the crop is disposed of, all un-
marketable potatoes being a dead loss
and there being other losses through
rotting, Inability to market the crop,
etc.
Grown for starch factories, all DO
tatoes could be sold, no expense of
barreling or packing would be in
CURED; modern machinery could be
used in planting, cultivating and har-
vesting, heavier yielding varieties
could be grown, the by-products-
pulp, etc.-could be utilized.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07

Stomach troubles would more
quickly disappear If the idea Of trea.-
Ing the cause, rather than the effect,
would come into practice. A tiny,
inside, hidden nerve, says DR.. Shoop,
governs and gives strength to the
stomach. A branch also goes to the
heart, and one to the kidneys. When
these Inside nerves" fail, then the
organs must falter. DR.. Shoop's Re-
storatlve Is directed specifically to
these failing nerves. Within 48
hours after starting the Restorative
treatment patients say they realize a
gain. Sold by j. w. Bell.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
q - - TO ia T. A.s
sea-s the n1hs Kind You Have Always Bougp
''se:'''' "a lshzNzzzI
Warnings Posted on Gins.

Huntsville, Ala, Oct. 1.-Night
riders or persons who are represent
ed to be night riders have posted
warnings on gins in the northern
part of this county and in Lincoln
county, Tennessee. I'VE warn you
not to gin any more cotton until fur
ther notice is the placard placed
upon the door of the Rogers gin at
New Market, Ala. The same notice
was posted on the door of the Da-
vidson gin In the southern part of
Lincoln county, Tennessee.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07

The back is the handspring of
woman's organism. 1t quickly calls
attention to trouble by aching. 1t
tells, with other symptoms, such as
nervousness, headache, pains in the
loins, weight in the lower part of
the body, that a woman's feminine
organism needs immediate attention
In such cases the one sure remedy
which speedily removes the cause
and restores the feminine organism
to healthy, normal condition is
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
Georgia Cotton Crop Short.

Commissioner Of Agriculture Hud-
son, of Georgia, says: "The cotton
crop of Georgia will be the shortest
In years. A conservative estimate of
the total yield Is 100000 as against
100000 bales last year" Accord
ing to Commissioner Hudson's state
ment the decrease for the year will be
100000 bales.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
LYDIA e. PINKHAM'S
VEGETABLE COMPOUND

Mrs. viii Young, of 6 Columbia
Ave, Rockland, Me-, says:
81 was troubled for long time with
dreadful backaches and pain in nv
side, and was miserable in every way.
doctored until was discouraged and
thought would never get we'll read
what Lydia T.. Pinkham's Vegeta BILE
. Compound had done for others and
decided to try it; after taking three
bottles can truly say that never felt
SO we'll in my life"
Mrs. Augustus Lyon, of East Earl,
Pa, writes to Mrs. Pinkham:
II had very severe backaches, and
pressing-down pains. could not sleep,
and had no appetite. Lydia e. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound cured me
and made me feel like new woman" d"
FACTS FOR SICK WOMEN.
For thirty years Lydia T.. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound, made
from roots and herbs, has been the
standard remedy for female ills,
and has positively cured thousands OF
women who have been troubled with
displacements, inflammation, ulcera-
ton, fibroid tumors, irregularities,
periodic pains, backache, that bear.
ing g-down feeling, fiatulency, indiges.
tion, dizziness, or nervous prostitution.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
Why, Indeed?

Spinster Jane was being condoled
with because she had no husband.
Save your pity" she said indie
pendently. 81 have dog that growls,
parrot that swears, a lamp that
smokes, and cat that stays out
nights. Now, why should l get mar
ried?"
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
"A Daily Thought.

"lf the day looks kinder gloomy,
An yer chances kinder slim;
If the situations puzzlin',
An the prospects awful grim;
An perplexitles keen pressin'
Till all hope is nearly gone
Just bristle up and grit yer teeth,
An keep on keepin' on"
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
Are You Only Half Alive {?

People with kidney trouble are so
weak and exhausted that they are
only half alive. Foley's Kidney REM
edy makes healthy kidneys, restores
lost vitality, and weak, delicate peo-
pie are restored to health. Refuse
any but Foley's. Sold by J. w. Bell,
Walhalla; Stonecypher Drug Co.,
Westminster.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
Saved His Boys Life.

MY there-year-old boy was badly
constipated, had a high fever and
was in All awful condition. l gave
him two doses Of Foley's Orino Laxa-
tive and the next morning the fever
was gone and he was entirely we'll.
Foley's Orino Laxative saved his
life. "A. Wolkush, Castmer, Wis.
Sold by j. w. Bell, Walhalla; Stone
cypher Drug Co., Westminster.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
Times are Changing.
(Sabetha, Kansas, Herald)

(Sabetha, Kansas, Herald.)
More and more We men, the lords
OF creation, resign our rights to the
women. In passing through Mayette
last week we saw down-trodden
Indian buck carrying the baby while
his fat old wife rubbered at the train.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
Ten Killed ut Spencer.

Charlotte, N. c., Oct. IA pow
der house at Spencer, forty-fve miles
north Of Charlotte, blew up tonight,
killing ten and injuring two score.
Many buildings were wrecked by the
terrific explosion.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07

The health authorities Of Pennsyl-
vania are wrestling with what threat.
ems to be a Statewide epidemic OF
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07

The United States submarine boat
Octopus was last week operated at a
depth Of 107 feet below the surface
OF the bay at Newport, r. l. This
Is the record for actual operations
under water with q full crew.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
A Hard Slap.

e. every we'll, SIR" cried DR.. Kwack,
after his quarrel with the under
taker, I'll make you sorry for this"
What are you going to do"
sneered the undertaken, Retire from
Dractice?"
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
Sweetness Long Drawn Out.

Oh, JOY, oh, bliss for the lover!
Oh, life that goes like a song!
Courting girl in Lapland
Where the nights are six months
long. Boston transcript.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07
SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION
Call for the Meeting Of the Schools in
WAGNER Township.

Following Is the program of the
second meeting of Wagner Township
lnterdenominational Sunday School
Association, to be held with the Wal
halla Methodist church, on Cstober
Sth, 1908:
Morning Session.
$50 o'clock-Devotional exercises
conducted by Rev. J. G. Tongue.
9.45.-Enrollment.
10.-Object of meeting, Rev. C. d.
Mann.
10.2O.-Use of Blackboard in Sum
day School Ullustrated), by c. R. D..
Burns.
Song.
lO.4O.-Methods of increasing
Sunday School Attendance. Rev. L..
T. Weldon.
11.OO.-Teachers Meetings. Rev.
T. B. Epting.
Song.
11.30.-Duties Of Township OFF,
GERS. Prof. r. w. Keitt.
12.00.-Benefits to be derived from
Township organization. DR.. ]. j.
Harrell.
Song.
Noon recess.
Afternoon Session.
2.OO.-Song service.
.1O.-Miscellaneous business.
2.45.-Election Of officers.
Adjournment.
Let every Sunday school in Wage
ner township send as many delegates
as possible. Every officer and
teacher should be on hand The pub
lie also cordially invited to be pres
ent. Work and pray for the meet
Ing that 1T may be the means of much
good.
Dinner to be served no the grounds
out of the we]l-fillea baskets that the
good ladies are requested to bring.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1908-10-07

Impure blood runs you down
makes you an easy victim for organ
1c diseases. Burdock Blood Bitters
purifies the blood-cures the cause
builds you up.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
Items from All Over tho State Of
Matters Of Interest to Our
Readers.
Happenings Of the Week from Cairo to
Chicago Carefully Compiled for
Busy Men.
SUPPOSED MIsER IS BEATEN.
one of Two Assnilants Of AGED re-
ciusc IL IIir Relative.

p,lin,.i,,, h., Co., :, ,,i.,,. ,,-i,,, , Ln,rJ
of ,o,J ,wo r,,r;,n. c,lIcd William Cham.
30 ~, ",ol ,."'in., g., ,i,, dnar or n.
,;,,ic ,n,,nao =, ynr,h rn,L and rc,,,ont
a,..,., ,f,,. ,,,I .a,i',t ill.,, - e.
Thov ,ycro ,rres,oJ n,d orr said :, b,yc
,an;,..a, ,,' ,o,J,a.r ,.I,,,,,nr.' s,id ,ho
tt ,,,a,,,oJ =, III. ,,a" .ha.,I, ,f,nr
,,,r, AL ,niJ hin, b,s non',ov Jnhn Zirh.
a., ,u.,.... -. t,i h.,,, Liii,l
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
OBSERVE CHICAGO DAY.
Anniversary az Chicngo FIR" Marked
BY Formal Opening of Courthouse.

Chicago dly-that anniversary of the
lcft-hindleg jab that Mrs. OLcary's COW
landed on the Kerosene lamp--waS tit.
tingly celebrated by the formal opening of
the new Sj.ND.OOO Cook Comfy build.
ing In Chicago. Mayor liusse ISSUED Il
proclamation In accordance with the Coun-
eli order Of Alderman Cullerton dcciar.
Ing the day municipal holiday. Al city
Offices were therefore closed. HUT all of
the county offices, officers and employees
were on exhibit. The doors had been
scrubbed, the brass trimmings had been
made shiny. the mahogany and oak fur
nishings had been polished. the marble
cleaned and here and there flags, bunting
and autumn leaves had been used In dec
Grating various places IN what has been
declared to be one Of the finest and larg
est public structures Of the country. Pres.
ident Busse Of the County Board and the
other commissioners were on hand to pass
cut souvenir reports Of the construction
Of the building. describing in detail the
immense structure and giving short his
tory of this county. Al the marriage H.
cense window every prospective bride and
groom were given a pink carnation.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
PRIVATE KLEIN Is INDICTED.
kankakcs Grand Jury Acts IN Death
Of Earl Nelson.

Of Fart Nelson.
Private Joseph II. Klein Of th" First
Regiment. Chicago. was indicted by u
Eankukcc County grand jury for murder
as a result Of the fatal stabbing Of Earl
Nelson while the regiment was passing
through Kankakcc on its way to Spring.
field at the time Of the riots there last
August. The affair which resulted In the
death Of Nelson. who was ~ years old.
occurred on the afternoon Of Aug. Ia.
Klein. who was n private In Company \
Of the First. had been stationed ut the
front end Of one of the baggage cars at.
tached to the special Illinois Central
train. Four men. among them Nelson.
boarded the train ~ Kankakec Accord
Ing to Klein. the four cursed him. lie
ordered them To get OF, acting IN accord
ancc with orders from his shpcriors. and
three obcycd. Nelson, according 10 Kl"in's
story. continued to curse him and then
threatened him. Klein made n move
mcnt with his bayonct and Nelson was
wounded. Klein's story being that h. did
nor intend TO hurt the man. Nelson's
friends. on the contrary. insist that Nell
son had his back Ia Klein aud was about
to jump OF the ear when Klein wanlonly
drove his bayonct through his back.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
STATE NEWS IN BRIEF.

Nellie Parkinson. aged III, was run
down and killed by n train on the Illinois
Central road nj Farina.
Reprimandcd for not remaining ~ home
evenings, Miss Hattie Kendall. li-ycar-
old orphan school girl Of Normal, swal-
lowed carboic acid, dying Immediately.
In Waterloo Freddie .Iocdickc, who was
burned by gun powder on June -. re-
Gently underwent nm operation To cut
apart cyclids, which had grown together.
Because he refused to serve n negro nj
the soda fountain in his store, J. iccy-
holt of Decatur pleaded guilty to discrim-
nation In civil rights and was fined $40
aud costs.
Galcsburg celebrated the scmi.ccnten-
NAL of the Lincoln Douglas debate In that
city with W. II. Taft. Adlai T.. Stevenson
and other noted men as speakers. but with
politics left out.
To prevent his wife and eight children
from becoming impoverished by his own
illness, August Figi, - years old, cut the
arteries In his wrists and died in the Hen
rieita hospital In East 81. Louis.
So serious has the drought become near
railroad has placed u water train In ser
vice, hauling water to the important wat
cring stations. This is the first time
sucl, Il measure has been necessary in
eight years.
Salvador Campagna was found guilty
In Frecport of the murder of Felix Cas-
satO and was sentenced to fourteen years
Imprisonment. CassatO's burned body
was found June ~ inside a locked oil
house that had been fired by an incen-
diary.
Rest Title, pastor of the Sugar Camp
Baptist church, Is the defendant In a So
600 Islander suit brought by A. j. Lowery,
parshoner. The suit Is the OutgrOwth
of an election In that church for mOdcra-
tor, and the pastor Is charged with tam
pcring with the ballots, and he Is alleged
TO have called his accusers hard names,
After plunging 400 feet down the main
shaft of the mine of the Mount Olive and
| Staunton Coal Company at Mount Olive,
| two men lay on the platform of the hoist,
| fifty feet above the bottom of the shaft,
| for three hours while felOw-employcs
tried in vain To save them. The men were
| dead when assistance reached them. Her
| man Heron and George Nanschkc pushed
| a supply ear into the shaft and We're drag
ged in with it, falling on the elevator
| plato The safety clutches caught af
ter they had fallen 400 feet,
Fifty thousand people attended the Hi,
nois State fair in one day. The State
| board of agriculture met ut the fair
grounds and elected John NJ. Crebs Of
4 n
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
BUSINESS NOTES.

The business men who want the best
desks and Office fittings 60 to Reveil's.
II you can't be suited at Revell's you
can't be suited anywhere.
~
Solo Rye. the best on the bars, Ii nj.
ways the fav0rlte Of discriminating
drinkers. 1t satisfies the taste Of the
most exactlng critic. Distilled solely
by straus Bros Company, Chicago.
~
Otto GrIesbach 10 the proprietor Of
the restaurant and buffet at 1873 South
Water street, which 10 patronixed by
the best business men. Mr.. Grlesbach
deserves their patronage. for he treats
them well.
Solo Rye has been tested and never
been found wanting. 1.-THE best on
the bars"
The N. p. Byrne Construction 70.
. one Of the greatest, most successful
md most reputable nrms OF its kind
q this or any other city In the coun.
~.
~
The Rienxi 10 the place to 60 for an
enjoyable afternoon or evening. Excel.
lent music, nne cuisine. splendid serv.
Ice aud beautiful garden and hall. Has
no peer of lie kind In Chicago. Clark
street, Evanston avenue and Diversey
boulevard.
~
The comblneI Liquid Tank and
freight Car Company possesses certain
improvements In railway cars for the
saciiitation OF the movement Of freight
and liquid In the same car which will
appeal 10 every intelligent person who
. shown the decided advantages OF con,
.tructi0n which these cars possess. The
company 10 selling stock and offers to
investors an attractive proposition.
One of the INCEST breweries In the
country, and one that turns out some
u the finest brands Of beer, Is the
great BerghOff Brewing Company OF
Fort Wayne, Ind. The following
brands of beer brewed ani supplied
,y this brewery are among the most
popular aud have great demand In Chi
ago: extra Pale" "DOrt Doppel,"
Salvador" "BerghOff's Select" and
last hut not least, "D0rtmunder."
George A. Blettner Ia the manager Of
OF the Chicago branch Of this great
brewery, the Chicago Offices being at
2Si2.4S In Sale street. Telephone
South $40.
No better place In Chicago for pic.
nics, festivals and parties Of all kinds
than II. James Kolxe's beautiful Elec.
trlc Park. at the corner Of Irving Park
boulevard and Northwest cath street.
~
One Of the bsst.liksd ana most pop.
llas business moo u Chicago 10 Tom N.
Oeanally. ~ jewsssg. % llo Dearborn
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
ACQUITTED AS MOB LEADER.
Springfield Jury Frees Raymer and
Other Cases May Follow suit.

After sixteen hours dcliberation the
jury In the case of Abe liaymer, alleged
mob leader, charged with destruction of
property during the recent Springfield
riots, returned II verdict of not guilty,
Raymer previously had been acquitted OF
murder In connection with the lynching
of w. X. Donnigan, an aged negro. Evil
dence was submitted that l,aymer was
with the mob and that he threw bricks at
Ioper's restaurant, The Instructions Of
the court were that IL the evidence
showed Raymer was with the mob he
should be found guilty, rhis aclui,tal
Is taken to mean that convictions cannot
be obtained in the remaining riot eases.
There are scores of cases, involving Ia
indictments, yet to be tried,
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17

exorbitant price for meat in defiance
Of the mandate Of the highest court
in the land.
The temporary injunction issued by
Judge Peter 8. 0rosscup May 20. 1907.
against the Beef Trust was made per.
n,anent by the United States Supreme
Court In a decision announced Janu.
ary 30. 1905. The decision establishes
these points:
1'raiic in live stock transported from
State to State 10 interstate commerce
and persons engaged In buying aud
selling such live stock are engaged II,
interstate commerce.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17

The Beef Trust dencs the Supreme
Court Of the United States every day
Of its existence.
1t def,es and violates the permanent
injunction granted against It by the
highest court Of the country January
30, 1905.
And such 10 ito power for harm. that
no Official can be found who will stand
up for what the United States Supreme
Court decreed on behalf Of the people.
The Beef Trust continues Ito exist.
ence 40 q combination In restraint Of
trade and commerce.
Il continues to Ok and to maintain
throughout the country q uniform and
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
DOUGLAS FALLS DEAD.
sOn Of "Thc Little Giant" Victim Of
Hears Failure.

Stephen a. Douglas, former prosecuting
attorney for Chicago and son of the ia
nous wartime Senator Douglas. known in
history as '"rhc Little Giant" died sud
denly of heart failure at his home. 81
East 22d street. lie was ~ years of age.
Although Mr.. Douglas had been in III
health for some time, his sudden end was
quite unexpected. Mr. Douglas health
had not been impaired so as to prevent his
travelling, and he was present In the va
rious towns where the Lincoln Douglas
debates We're celebrated during the past
few weeks.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
Old Man Conn mitn suicide.

Raymond Baldwin. 90 years old. Of Chi
cago. shot and killed himself at Fort
Sheridan. lie had been in the suburb
for several days without work Finally
he went to the riding hall at the army
post and while the place was empty he
committed suicide.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
Early Every Evening
B. Z B. Line Steamers Leave
Detroit and Buffalo Daily.

The large luxurious steamers East.
ern States ana Western States depart
early every evening FOR their trip
across Lake Erie. They arrive ut their
destinations early the next morning
and make sure train connections to oil
points east and west.
On your next trip use the d. & II.
Water Way and be famed by cool lake
breezes all the way. Send for pamph-
let and Great Lakes Map. Address
ID. & Il. STEAMBOAT Co.
IL Wayne Street. Detroit, Mich.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
D,y,n. Held, Chs,d plninti1.

Rev. J.. ]. Newman. pastor OF the FIRST
Baptist church In Nandalia. was arrested
upon charges made by q child and on fail
IRE to furnish $1,000 bond was sent 10
Jail TO await trial. Rev. Mr.. Newman
il 81 years old and came from Trenton.
Mo. July !.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
DIRECTORS.

This BANK L. pleased to place 1T
the disposal Of Its customers the
facilities gained during forty.fOur
years Of continuous service and
growth.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
Annie Crop 20 nr Limit.

The apple crop In southern Illinois will
he ready to gather In a few weeks. 1t
will bc one Of the lightcst In years. The
Zen Davis and wine sap arc colOring nice
~. but the Roman beauty and other fall
varieties nrc falling.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1908-10-17
Aged Woman KiIIcd In Runaway.

Mrs. Asfenath Frizzcl. aged 81. mother
in.law of the late Gov. Shelton of South
Dakota. was killed In runaway accident
at Golcouda