Evening journal., 1908-11-12
TIMELY NOTES OF
FARM And GARDEN
Planting of a Commercial
Apple Orchard is Explained
by Expert in Agriculture

J
In planting apple trees, it is best TO
have them about .hirty-three feet
apart. and this will give them ample
room to develop, and they will not
crowd each other TO secure good
marketable apples it would be even
better to have them wider apart than
the distance given. as It is important
that the sunshine reach them.
OF course the trees should be plant
ed in perfect line both ways, as IL not
only makes a better appearance. hut
affords more convenience in culfiya
tion.
For the first few years after plant
ing. the land should oe plowed rather
deep. and planted TO any crop thai has
to be cultivated and that will not in
iure the trees but no small grains moi
grass crop should be allowed to ma
ture.
In planting a commercial apple or
chard the different varieties should be
kept in as near solid blocks as possl-
BILE. for convenience in gathering, but
those blocks had better not be ovei
four or five rows wide.
Tricks OF the Horse Trade.
Thousands of horses ere sold annual
~ under false representations. Some
of these falzirs have become so sllilful
In their tricks and wiies that It re-
/ cures quite an experienced horseman
I to catch them. This is especially so
in the doctoring tricks practiced by
/ them in order that they NAV dispose
of bad animal to the best advantage.
/ This taking is also known as bishop.
ing"-a term derived from a man
named Bishop, who during the eigh-
teenth century secured n reputation for
making old horses appear young
Bishops method was mostly in rela-
tion to the teeth of the horse. At full
age a horse has forty teeth. and nor
until the fifth year are all visible. Six
months later the nippers or front teeth
become marked by a natural cavity.
and the presence of absence of these
marks tells the animals exact age. As
a horse becomes older those marks wear
away. and It is then that Bishop sci
to work TO make fresh cavities as
found in a horse at the age he wished
TO reD-esSlt
The surface Of the teeth was cut out
I "a
of the grove. which must be visible
burnt in with nitrate or some other
chemical In this way horses Of eight
or nine wears of age were sold as D.
year-olds
In endeavoring to play the trick OF
increased age. a 3-vear-uld, for in
stance. was transformed into 5-year.
old bv means of chiseihg out the sdS
milk teeth with which horses are fur
nished up to their third year, whaT
they arc supplanted by permanent ones
The extraction of the former brings or
the latter much quicker than would b,
the case in the natural order of things
thus making a horse appear mucl
older than it really is.
A Nutritious Crop.
Rape ranks as one of the most nu
tritious of our forage crops. 1t IS no
only remarkable for the valuable Char
, acter of the food it supplies, but alsC
for the large amount that may be pro
duced on a given area. Two or thre
cuttings can be made IN a season, an,
the amount harvested off an acre MAJ
, vary from 25 to 35 tons in the sum
mer.
! Analysis shows rape to be richie
I than clover i'm fesh-foi ming material
Z II is particularly well suited for bee
cattle. young stock. sheep, lambs, swim
and poultry. 1t may be used as
pasture. 1t is suited TO almost an,
kind Of soil. affording a fair return of
Door land. a heavy crop on averag
soil. and an immense crtp on very ric
land. It does we'll on dry soil; thrive
and grows apace on MOST places; an
II sown in rows and cultivated wi
grow on good land regardless "
drought.
Generallv il is best 10 sow the see
broadcast IL intended for pasture. us'n
lyabout three pounds of seed to the acre
If, however. pigs are t. be pasturcf
. IL would be better to sow in rows,
to "a inches apart, cultivating the spac
between the rows once or twice unit
the plants are well under way. Usual
the pigs NAV be turned into it FIVE q
six weeks after seeding. and an acr
will carry from twenty-five 10 fort
. pigs during the season. II the field
divided into two parts, and the pas
lures changed at intervals, it win b
, all the better.
. For beef production, steers do we
; ON il at any time. but they derive n
greatest value in the autumn. Laml
and sheep like il. and do well on it Z
any season. but they must not be cor
fined TO rape exclusively. and care mus
be exercised to prevent their bloatin
on It.
The Guinea Fowl.
While the guinea fowl is a good lay
er, its eggs have very little sale fC
table use on account of their will
gamey flavor. But by turning thes