Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1908-11-03


mand must fall The infantry is arm
ed with the .315 Mannlicher magazine
rifle and short bayonet.
The Bulgarian army possesses about
ffty-fve batteries of field artillery,
nine batteries of mountain guns, six
batteries of howitzer guns and three
battalions of fortress artillery. The
artillery has recently been rearmed
with new French Creuzot guns.
The cavalry of Bulgaria consists Of
three squardons Of household troops
Besides these squadrons there is a cav
airy division of about $500 men. Each
divisional district is supposed, in addi-
ton, to have a regiment Of cavalry, but
these are not at present all formed.
The cavalry is armed with the Mann
licher carbine and saber.
Land of Great Beauty.
The latest estimate of the population
three squadrons of household troops.
Under Turkish rule no record was kept
of the population. OF these more than
about 100000 are Turks, 100000 Greeks,
494,124 Roman Catholics, 9,311 Jews,
5000 Protestants and representatives Of
other religions.
Bosnia and Herzegovina are situated
in the northwest corner Of the Balkan
peninsula, bounded on the north by the
Slavonian province Of Austria Hungary,
on the east by Servia, Turkey and
Montenegro and on the south and west
by Dalmatia and the Adriatic sea. The
country Is mountainous, being broken
by high peaks, deep glens, ridges, beau
,lfully wooded hills, winding streams
and rich alluvial basins which yield
large crops of grain and are especially
adapted to fruit Sarajevo, the capital,
has $4,000 inhabitants.
The same treaty of Berlin which
gave to Servia it's independence also
placed Bosnia and Herzegovina under
the protection Of Austria. Bosnia and
Herzegovina were under Turkish rule
from 1863 until 1878. During that
period they practically disappeared
from the current of civilization. Brig
andage was a recognized profession.
There were no railways and few wagon
roads. Murder was not considered a
crime and robbery was as common as
lying. Statistics claim that 5000 to
10000 people were murdered annually
by officials and military guards.
Il, n0fi inn1 lHy MI
in the two provinces. Railroads reach
every corner of Bosnia. The people
are prosperous and educated. Mem
bers of the different faiths mix with
each other freely and are tolerant Of
one another. There has never been a
train robbery since the Austrians took
hold In 1900 there were only two
homicides in all the land. The coun-
try is mountainous and very beautiful.
Odd Customs In Vogue.
Some of the customs Of the people
are peculiar. Separate courts have
been established in places for the
Austrians and Turks because 1t is not
perjury for a Mohammedan to swear
falsely against Christian. They have
also courts for the settlement Of tri"
ding differences in which lawyers are
not allowed to interfere because that
honorable profession Is accused Of en-
couraging litigation for the sake OF
the fees. Before the Austrian occupa-
ton this was a great evil. Almost the
entire population was involved in suits.
About twenty years ago law was en-
acted limiting the number Of lawyers
to sixteen for the entire country.
Eighty eight per cent Of the popula-
ton Is engaged in farming and raising
cattle, sheep and swine. Tobacco is
an important crop and a government
monopoly In Sarajevo, the capital
city, there are fine office buildings,
churches, apartment houses, govern
ment structures and public institutions.
The transformation Of the people from
a wild, lawless brood ever ready to kill,
ignorant, vicious and lawless, into a
well governed, prosperous, law abiding
country is considered a remarkable ex-
ample in administration. The benefits
derived by Bosnia were also extended
to Herzegovina.
The kingdom of Servia is the most
fertile and densely populated Of the
Balkan states. Like other Balkan
states, its progress has been hindered
l. - ho q q
1s,6OO square miles, or little more
than twice the size of New Hamp-
shire. It's population is about $780,
900, chiefly Serbs. Belgrade Is the
capital city Servia was the first of
the Balkan states to achieve independ-
ence Of Ottoman rule. 1t was first
conquered by the Turks in 1889, was
ceded to Austria in 1718 and retaken
by Turkey in 1889. After suffering
terribly from the desperate strife OF
the Karageorgevitch and Obrenovich
dynasties the province secured its full
independence under the Berlin treaty
of 1878 Servia came prominently into
public print in 1903, when King Alex
ander and his queen, whose reign was
stained by such vice and crime that
the other rulers refused to receive
them, were assassinated.
Nation of Hardy Mountaineers.
Montenegro is an Independent prin-
cipality peopled with hardy mountain
GERS. 1t is situated in the Kara Dagh,
or Black mountains (whence the name
Cruagora or Montenegro, with mar
row seaboard of about twenty-eight
miles on the eastern shore of the Adri-
attic, north of the Turkish province of
Albania. On the northwest 1t is con-
tiguous to HERZEGOVINA, under Austrian
administration. The little principality
is only a hundred miles long at its
longest point, eight miles wide and
has an area Of about $3.50 square
miles. 1t has a population Of $4,000
of whom 1900 are Mussulmans, $4,000
Roman Catholics and the remainder
descendants of Servians who refused
to recognize Turkish supremacy and
took refuge at the end Of the four
teenth century in the Businesses Of the
Karst Mountains where they have