davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
JURY
HOLDS WOMAN
DECLARES LENA DICkMEYER
WAS NOT JUSTIFIED IN KILL.
ING WALTER WATTS.
Testimony Conflicting But Jury's Yer
dict Strongly Sustained BY Cir
cumstances-Woma Sent
to County Jail.

Coroner McManus held an inques
yesterday afternoon over the remain:
of Walter Watts who died at st
Mary's Infirmary the day before from
a pistol shot wound inflicted by Lena
Dickmeyer. The jury was composed
of W. s. Thompson (foreman) VIM
Eiier w. H. Mueller, George Walker
w. P Fraser and J. ". Whltlock.
Three men and five women testified
| in the case and there were marked
points of difference in the testimony.
| The men were Thos. Taylor Tom
Warden and Burley Bevil. The
women were Annie Smith. Emma
Smith, Willie Estelle. BurIey Doty,
Ella Hendricks. the fast named being
negress.
The evidence showed that the
tragedy occurred at the house of the
Smith women, which is several doors
above that of the home OF Lena Dick
meyer The mnn testified that they
with the dead man went to the Dick
meyer woman's house and she met
them at door, and would not admit
them; they left and some one IN the
party made a nasty remark about
the woman which she heard and re-
sented they left and went 10 the
Smith women's house and were fol
lowed there by the Dickmeyer wom-
an who demanded who had used the
bad language To her. Watts saw
that the woman had a weapon in her
hand and sprang toward her 10 dis
arm her; but she brought the weapon |
up and shot him. It was after he
was shot that he struck the woman /
several times.
The women testified that the Dick
meyer woman was at the Smith WON,
ms house when the men came and
hat Watts struck the woman before
she shot him.
The jury returned the following
lerdict.
We the undersigned jurors sworn
O inquire of the death of Walter
Watts, on oath do find that he came
o his death by a bullet wound in
he abdomen caused by a bullet fired
rom revolver held in the hand of
4ena Dickmeyer. We the jury fur.
her find that the said Lena Dick
meyer was not justified in the act
md we therefore recommend that she
70 held until discharged by due pro-
ess of law"
City JaiIer Lutz took the woman TO
he county jail last evening.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
BOGUS PRIZE FIGHTS
Were Perpetrated on Western PeopIe
BY Gang of Men Arrested in
Chicago Yesterday.

Chicago. April Thames Hail
formerly we'll known as middleweight
pugllist, was arrested here today on
the charge of promoting "fxedr prize
nights by means Of ~nich several per.
sons were swindled,
Five other men were arrested with
nan. and the police claim the prison
ers have obtained considerable sums
from the residents of Iowa and other
western states by persuading their
victims to bet on a glove contest be.
tween members of the gang. the men
open whom the victim bet invariably
losing the fight.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
TREATMENT OF EVANS
Approved BY Physicians Who Had
Conference Yesterday = Admiral
Was Somewhat Weaker

Paso Robes, Hot Springs, Cal. April
ll--After a thorough examination OF
Admiral Evans. aud a consultation
over his condition, in which Surgeon
Mcdonald participated. the three ply.
sicians who came from Los Angeles
Tor that purpose gave out a statement
tonight in which they approve OF the
treatment he now receives at the
sanitaFium.
Admiral Evans is weaker tonight
than he has been before and is suffer
ing some pain frcn his knee.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
Yesterdays River Forecasts.

The Ohio at Evansville and Mt. Yer
non, will fall at an Increasing rate
for several days At Paducah. will moi
change much for SO hours, then should
begin falling. AT Cairo, will continue
rising until Monday, passing 45 feet to
night, and reaching nearly IS feet.
The Tennessee from Florence tn be
low Johnsonville, will continue fall
Ing for two or three days.
The Mississippi from below ST
Louis to Cairo, will continue rising fo,
two or three days.
The Wabash at Mt. Carmel win con.
tinue rising during next As hours.
W. f. BARRON.
Temporarily in Charge.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
BRYAN IS FAVORED
BY Democrats of Western New York
For Presidential Nomination.
Resolution Adopted.

Buffalo, April 11.-RepTesentative
Sulzer of New York was the guest and
principal speaker at the Dollar Dinner
0 fthe Democratic Society of Western
New York tinght.
A resolution was adopted declaring
n favor of the nomination OF Bryan
for president.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
ADJOURN TIL | MONDAY
Illinois Miners Convention WAITING
For Scale Committees Report
May Agree Next Week.

Springfield. ILL.,, April 1.-THE state
convention of miners adjourned today
until Monday. and the scale commit
tee. for whose report the miners are
waiting. adjourned this evening until
Tuesday This means that nothing
towards a settlement of the existing
difficulty between the miners and OBJ.
orators will be done until late next
week.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
SECTION OF PRIMARY
LAW UNcoNSTITuTIoN

Pierre. S. D. April lin a decis.
ION handed down today the supreme
court holds section ten of the urinary
erection law unconstitutional. This
s. ction required candidates for county
offices pay for the privilege of filing
certificates OF nomination.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
The WEATHER
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
Yesterdays Cairo Temperatures.
General Conditions.

The day was partly fair Some rain
fell during the night before measuring
Is of an inch The government bulle-
tin reported measurable rain from 10
points extending over the upper Ohio
river valleys. Extremes of temperature
were So at Jacksonville, Fla. and "a
at Bismark.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
GOV. HUGHES BIRTHDAY.

Buffalo, N. Y, April 11.-Goverpor
Hughes celebrated his 46th birthday
today as guest of Buffalo. Mrs
Hughes came here from Albany IN
spend at least part of the day with her
husband. The only speech he made
was at the Lawyers Club banquet.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
U. S. CONSUL GENERAL
TO PERU is I'LL.

Callao, Peru, April 11.-Samuel NJ.
iaylor' American consul general of
this place is suffering from typhoid
FEVER Physicians pronounce his con.
dtion favorable.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12

known to have lost their lives, num-
Der OF boatmen are reported missing,
and dozens OF persons injured today in
furious windstorm this afternoon.
The wind velocity ranged from 40 to
80 miles an hour but at times was az
nigh as 90 miles an hour.
In Cairo nearly everybody reads
The Bulletin.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
Sun and Moon.

Sun will rise today .... 5:24 a. m.
Sun will set today ..... 6:28 p. m.
Moon will set tonight -. Ala a. m.
Mote: The foregoing sun and
moon record is for Illinois and ap
proximates the record at Cairo within
a few minutes.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
Washington Forecast,

Washington. April 11.-ILLlNOIS-
Fair and warmer Sunday and Mon
dag.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12

The Bulletin is published every day
In the year for 60 cents per month.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
Forecasts For TODAY

Cairo and vicinity: Fair; rising
temperature.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12

Compare The Bulletins society
column with the other Cairo papers.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12

Read The Bulletin and get the news
while 1t Is news.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1908-04-12
WIN
Blew 60 Miles an Hour in New York
Five kilIed-Some Missing
Dozen Injured

New York, April 11.-Five n.sl are
The Cairo bulletin., 1908-12-24

TRY MERRY WIDOW KISSES AT
GAZZOLAS.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18

advertisement Tor the want ad
columns will he taken until ~ m. for
the ~evening edition and until Q y. m.
for the morning and Sunday editions.
Cash must All orders for
want ads and no advertisement viii
be accepted for less than 10 cents for
first Insertion.
Rates apply 20 either The Daily or
Sunday Dee.
COmbinatiOns of initials OF numbeFs
count A. one wrd.
CASH RATES ron WANT ADS.
REGULAR CLASSIFICATION - One
fnsertinn, per line, 10 cents. Two or
more consecutive insertions, per line,
O cents. Each insertion made ON d
days, 10 cents per line. $3.50 per
line per month"; excepting that
FURNISHED Room ADS,
when accompanied by cash, the rate
will bet One Insertion, Z cents per
line, three TO six consecutive inser-
lions, q cents per line each insertfOnj
seven or more consecutive insertions
= cents per line each insertiOnt %
cents per line per month.
Want ads for The Bee may be LETT
nc any Of the following drug stores
one IL s'your corner druggist'-they
are ali branch Offices for n BEE anu
your Rd will be Inserted Just ms
promptly and on the same rates as At
the main once in The Bee Building,
seventeenth and Farnam streets.
Albach, w C., 10Th and Farnsm.
Beranek, 8. A.. 1902 8. 18th ST..
,Bccht Pharmacy, I'D 8. 18th 81
Benson Pharmacy. Benson, Nep. u
. Bemis Park Pharmacy, 3Sd and Cunning
Blake's Pharmacy, 28B Sherman Ave
Caughlin, c. r., 9Th and Pierce Sts-
Clifton Hill Pharmacy. 22ls Mintary ave
Conte, j. B.. Slst Ave and FsLI sts
Crissey Pharmacy, Path ana LAKE SA
Cermak. Emil, 12O4-6 8. 18th 81.
Eastman Pharmacy, 2s02 Leavenwortn'
Foster q Arnold. 2s n. 18th -.
Freytag, John j., 1914 N. 24th St;
Florence Drug Co. Florence, Neb. 90
Goldman Pharmacy, ath and Lake Sts.
Green's Pharmacy. corner Park ave- anu
Greenough. G.. A.. 1925 S. 10th 81.
Greenough, @. A, 1924 s. 10th 81.
Hayden. VIM. C., 2920 Farnam.
Hanscom Park Pharmacy. 14Oi 3. 18th Ave
Hoist. John. GA N. 18th st.
Huff, A. l.. 1924 Leavenworth 81
King. r. s., 223s Fsrnam ST. onN
Kountze Place Pharmacy, 2604 N. Sstn'
Patrick Drug Co, 1902 N. Path st.
Lathrop, Charles E.. 1924 N. Path 81
Peyton, L. e. oath and L~esvenworth
Saratoga Drug Co, Path and Ames Ave,
Schaefer's Cut Price Drug Co, 18Th aho
Chicago SITS.
Schmidt, ]. H., 2th and Cunning SIS;
Storm Pharmacy, 18th and Martha sts'
Walnut Hill Pharmacy, 10th and Cunning
Walton Pharmacy, 10th and Grace:
Worth, o. H. 10th and Hamilton SITS.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
BIRTHS AND A

Births-Mose Levy, ia South Thirteenth
street, girl; Rose Sirinni, 2OO9 Pierce street,
Street, girl; John Farrell. Thirty-second
and PinKney streets, boy; Arthur Hicks.
Twelfth and Vinton streets, girl; Oscar
Young, 2l05 North Twenty-eighth street,
boy: Herman Hokansoh,- 3zO9 Lincoln
street, boy; Henry L. Peterson, 26o4 Bristol
street, girl; Noel ]. Barker, S3 Main street.
Benson, girl.
Deaths-Harriet sterrett Haines, 1873
Park avenue, SO; Bertha c.. Weeth, 1909
and spaulding streets, 8; Anton Emil. PAPA
Sixteenth street, 2.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18

We wish to thank our many friends and
neighbors for their blindness and sympathy
shown us; also for beautiful floral offer
ings sent us during the death of our be-
loved wife and mother,
MRS. JOHN c, BLANCK AND chill
DREN.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
DEATHS AND FUNERAL NOTICES.

~ZANG-The funeral of Mrs. Sophia Fang,
who died June IA, will be held Thursday,
.Jpne is, at 3 %. M, from the chapel of
Srailey e. Dorrance, Nineteenth and Cum
ing. Interment Laurel Hill cemetery.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18

GROCERIES and notions, soc on dollar and
Bluffs. O-hb9e
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
REAL ESTATE
AND RANCH LAND FOR SALE
Canada.
Colorado.
FARMING LAND,

$40 ACRES GREELEY (COLO) LAND,
in the great potato and sugar beet dis
trict, and VIII grow almost any crop, To
come under new ditch now building;
water by fall; will be worth then $50 Ii
500 an acre. Frank X. Miller. $40 South
Pearl St., Denver. Colo. C20)-M294 23x
WANTED We ave several thousand
acres of good Colorado lands for sale; wa
want good, live agents to represent us.
Globe Land and Investment Co., Omaha,
Neb. (20l-M666
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
iowa.

HARRISON COUNTY QowA) FARM
FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN-16J-acre
improved farm miles from market; good
houses, hen house. cribs, etc.; 40 acres
pasture, s acres meadow, 2 acres alfalfa.
As acres fine winter wheat, 20 acres oats,
balance in corn; rented for two-fifths ot
crop delivered; this years rent to go
with the sale of farm If sold before July
IS. Price. $50 per acre II sold before the
above date. Address owner, 45 Brsndeis
Bldg, Omaha, Neb. (2O)-M668 IS
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18

Maggard Van & Storage Co. ID 1885. We
guarantee moving pianos. II. Il; goods.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
Sacrifice Sale

Nonresident owner says Sell my brick
flats" They rent for s6S per month. ana
$500 of anybody's money buys them.
NATIONAL INVESTMENT COMPANY
Suite 5s1-5s2 Brandeis Block.
Phones Douglas 66s1 and A-2sel.
Q9D-457
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
AUTOMOBILES

SEND for our list Of secondhand automo-
biies. DERIGHT. ISIS Farnafs NO-S@
bargain. u passenger, &-h.-p. gaso-
line car; solid rubber tires; canopy top;
just the thing for depot, hotel or summer
resort work: fine condition; cost R,900;
price 1900; will take half good trade.
Frank r. Lott. 40 W.. 8, Kansas City,
Mo. 2)-M651 1sx
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18

ICEl ICEu
Good natural ice in car lots. A Katskee
Ice and Coal Co., 11O4 Davenport. Tele-
phone Doug. 55t3; Ind. A-3Ss2
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
BARTER AND EXCHANGE

FARMS, city property, mdse., everywhere.
stringer Inv. Co. 4B Bee Bldg, Omaha.
(O-M5u JeZT
WILL exchange new buggy for driving
horse. Omaha Buggy Co. u1b-lT FaTnam.
0)-M664
$50 ACRES saw timber fruit land, near
Spokane, Wash, for hotel, residence, mill,
any property; can match any deal; price
0-MsO4 xix
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
BEE Want-ads sell nor real
estate than any medium in Nebraska
HELP W%ANTED-MALE
sent, solicitors and saIesmen.

SALUSMAN-We wish to employ a few
good men to sell our staple lines to the
wholesale and retail trade; no experience
is required but neatness and pleasant
ann good address and steady habits
are. Prompt application Is necessary. The
position will pay from 500 to $500 per
month, according to location and ability
of salesman. The Y. L. Lane Co, Wood
lawn, III. OO-M490 19x
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18

FOR RENTAL modern, S-room house. N4
NJ. I'D ST., large yard, fine shade trees.
SO per month. Parties still In the house
and viii be glad to show you Q5)-S&
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-18
BUSINESS CHANCES

TO GET in or out Of business call on
GANGESTAD. Room 40S, Bee Bldg.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1908-07-28
WILL OPEN HEADQUARTERS.
Chairman Mack Will Soon Start
 Things in Denver.

Chicago, July 27.-Chairman Mack of the democratic national committee ar- nounced today that branch headquar- ters, with NJohn E. Osborne, national committeeman from Wyoming, in charge will be opened in Denver the last month of the present campaign.
 MT. Mack, who will leave tonight for his home in Buffalo, expects within the week to decide upon some man or men whose names will be presented to the executive committee for chairman of that committee. w. J. Bryan, within q fortnight or less, will meet members of the executive committee in charge. At this meeting the chairman of the com mittee will be chosen.
 In speaking of the advisory commit tee which he will appoint MT. Nal said today that it would include such men as former Governor Francis of Missouri and John E. Lamb of Indiana.
 MT. Bryan" said MT. Mack. lis anxious to have the advice of old time democrats and he wishes particularly to interest those who are members of the party in the campaign"
 MT. Mack will announce the person. nel of the executive and the advisory committees at Buffalo. He expects to spend the greater part of his time dur ing the campaign in Chicago.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1908-07-28
ADDRESS BY BRYAN.
People Hear Nebraskan From Rear of
 Train.

Stewart, la, July H-The republican leaders of congress were roundly scored by w. J. Bryan here today in the course of an address to several hundred persona assembled at the station to greet him on his arrival. MT. Bryan spoke from the rear platform of his car He said he had never believed everything depended on legislation, for, he said there is sphere in which the individual and he alone can determine his own property. But legislation can advance or retard progress and can help or hurt conditions. There were, he argued, many reforms that needed to be applied, and demo- crats had the advantage of being able to use arguments tI-at had been made by reform republicans in favor of near ly all the principles the democrats advo- cated. More than that we have the speeches of the President to prove to you that there are things that need to be done and we have the action of con- gress to prove to you that republican leaders will not allow these things to be done. The President, he declared, had been doing educational work but his convention would not go as far as he went In fact, it would scarcely go at all. In conclusion, he said:
 q recognize that people would rather secure reforms through their own party, but I also recognize that when one IS sick he is more interested in getting well than he is in the family physician so when you find your party will not do what is necessary to be dore you should come and help us do what is necessary to be done.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1908-07-28
MESSAGE TO ATHLETES.
Roosevelt Would Like To Shake
 Hands With All.

Oyster Bay, July N.-When the Presi- dent received his telegrams and mail to- day he found cablegram from the United States commissioner at the Olym- pie games in London, informing him of the splendid showing of the American participants in the contests.
 The message was as follows:
 London, July 25. "The Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Presi- dent United States, Oyster Bay, N. Y. 'In the athletic sections of the games for 1908 representing the world cham pionship track and field the athletes rep resenting the United States won 15 of the first prizes out of a possible 25, scoring more firsts than the athletes of the entire world. On basis of five for first, three for second and one for third the United States athletes scored 11415 points. Great Britain and Ireland com bined scored 66 1-3 points, (Signed)
 JAMES E. SULLIVAN,
 United States Commissioner" The President immediately replied as follows:
 Oyster Bay, July 27 James E. Sullivan, United States Com missioner to Olympic Games, London "Heartiest congratulations to you and team. Wish I could shake hands with each man. (Signed)
 THEODORE ROOSEVELT"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1908-07-28
HEARSFS PARTY
 ASSEMBLIES IN
 BIG CONVENTION
fCoNTINUED FROM PAGE l.,

event or merely passing political in- cident depends the wisdom and pa triotism with which we shall deliberate and act.
 "If the men who met in Independence hall, in Philadelphia, on the Fourth of July, 1776, had had within them any feel ing of hesitation, any disposition towards compromise or concession, that day would now pass as any other day on the calendar.
 ''But the patriots who assembled there had courage in their hearts, determina- ton in their minds, high purpose in their souls, and the Fourth of July is saluted throughout the world as the birthday of liberty for all men.
 '.It is too much to say that our con- vention can ever reach the importance of the second continental congress; but the principles they meant to declare we have met to preserve and the liberties they as- sembled to secure, we have assembled to protect.
 Service to People.
 oI believe, therefore, that we will do a service to our fellow-citizens second only to the inestimable service rendered by the founders of this government if we shall found party which will remain unfailingly faithfully to the cause of the plain people, to the principles of the Declaration of Independence. and to the fundamental American ideas of liberty. equality and opportunity for all.
 CT believe that if any party is neces- sary in this country to preserve the gov ernment as the fathers framed 1t, new party is necessary; if any party is nec- essary to promote progress and prosper
The Birmingham age-herald., 1908-07-28
BRYAN MAKES ADDRESS
 STANDING ON A TRUCK

Des Mones, la, July 2.-Standing on a truck in the railroad yard. and sur rounded by several hundred persons who eheered his almost every utteranee, W. J. Bryan, on his arrival here today on his way to Omaha. delieverd a speech in which he once again upheld the Denver platform. and declared that the reforms for which Iowa was contendng were specifically set forth in that instrument. He said:
 T hope I may be able to get to Des Moines during the campaign and speak to you at length. l am not sure just how many speeches l will make. but 1 would not have the campaign go through without having a chance to talk to the people of this city who, l believe, are vitally interested in the reforms which have been outlined in our platform. Iowa is somewhat of a pioneer in the matter of reforms and there is no reform for which the people of Iowa have been con- tending that is not specifically and em- phatically set forth in the Denver plat form. Iowa has been welded to the doc Urine of electing senators by the direct vote of the people.
 Your governor has taken an active part in the promulgation of that idea, and those who have worked with him on that subject must have been mortified when the proposition was turned down in the republican convention by a majority of more than seven to one, and they must have been delighted when it was turned up in the Denver convention by a unani- nous vote Your republicans as well as the democrats of Iowa have been reach
The Birmingham age-herald., 1908-07-28
A|RSH|PS ARE TOYS
 IF M|LL|ONA|RES Captain Baldwin Is Author of
 the Statement NOW IN EXPERIMENTAL AGE Famous Aeronaut Wants To See Con- test of Airships for Military Pur- poses and Believes Much
 Will Be Accomplished.
NOW IN EXPERIMENTAL AGE

Washington, July 27.-"The toys of millionaires."
 That's what Capt. Thomas S. Bald
 win, the famous aeronaut, says about air ships. His remark was called forth by the visit to Washington today of August Post, representing the Aero club of American, who Is here in an effort to arrange a competitive flight between Captain Baldwin in his dirigi-
 ble balloon and Henri Farman, the daring Frenchman, in his aeroplane. It was the desire of the Aero Club of America, which has a contract with Farman for fights in various cities throughout the country, to have Bald win bring his machine to New York im- mediately for the joint flight and re- turn later to Fort Myer to make tests before the army board for the final acceptance of his airship. This has been found impracticable, however, on account of the time limit within which Baldwin must make the tests.
 In the event that Captain Baldwin
 fulflls all the requirements of his contract with the government the ma chine will become the property of the United States army. It would then be- come necessary to secure the permis- sion of Gen. James Allen, chief signal officer, to take the dirigible to New York for the competitive flight.
 This probably would be difficult to ob- tain, and the Aero club may determine to bring Henri Farman to Washington to compete with Baldwin before his ma- chine Is finally accepted by the army.
 MT. Post of the Aero club of America today discussed the various phases of the proposition with General Allen, Cap tain Baldwin and Lieutenant Lahm, but no decision was reached.
 ''Aeronautics is for the most part in the experimental stage,' said Captain
 Baldwin tonight "and a man who is deeply interested in its problems Is very apt to get visionary in his ideas, but
 think that a contest such as the Aero club of America is endeavoring to ar range will be of inestimable value in aiding the advancement of the science" " Captain Baldwin already has expressed himself to the effect that he has not en-
 deavored to get unusual speed In the dirigible he has built for the army, and
 his machine would be at a great disad- vantage in competitive flight for speed with Henri Farman's machine. On the other hand, in a competition for endur-
 ance, there would be but slight chance for Henri Farnnan to remain in the air as long as Baldwin