Bisbee daily review., 1908-08-07

and complexy of qualitative distinc-
 ton than any other being known to science.
 Tt Is worthy of attention also that ! in measuring and comparing phenom- ena. there are two different methods of procedure which correspond to the difference Of quantity and quality In the case Of quantity, whether of a
 number of units or of magnitndes. the instrument of comparison is mathe- matics. Giyen a numerical or geo metrical standard. ail quantities of the same kind, or related Co the same standard can be mathenntically compared
 As we rise in the scale of qualita tive development from the chemical compound to the plant, from the plant Co the animal and from the an ima1 governed b. anstinct to man matles less and less sufficient as an organ of investigation. While in tie realms of color. temperature and oth er secondary physical properties quantity may furnish Q key to the explanation of quality we find our selves at last in a sphere Of being
 
 preme interest, and where th.s matne- nautical method ceases to apply. Tae social life of man. the progress of civ .lization. the formation and develop menf of political institutions, tae fise and fail of empires, the relations bt- tween independent states,-an these transformations belong to the sphere Of qualitative cnange. defy mathemati- cal calculation, and demand a new in- strument ef comparison and compre hension
 Tt is precisely tlxs new and higHer sphere of human activity which is byI common consent, par excellence the field Of history The point l wish here to establish is, however, the scl- necessity of qualitative as dis from qGandtative meas urement in estimating the phenome- na Of human life, which are the phe- nomena of human history One sldeI of human science is built up with answers to the question 'How much There is another side, equally impor-I tant 10 science in its totally. and far more rich in human interest which depends upon the answers to the ques-I tion, 'Of what kind?' and this is the historical, as distinguished from the mathematical. aspect or science.
 As mathematics answers the ques- tions of the first series, so history answers those of the second. 1t deate' with transformations of a qualitative character, while mathe matics deals with quantitative relations. To make clear this difference. let us note the contrast between the mathematical and the historical methods. The form CT aims to discover the unifOTmi- ties that exist in space and time; that is. to reach the largest attainable gen. eraiizayions of the laws of inyariable action. The aim of history is exactly the opposite. 1t does not seek for a law of recurrence, or any element of in either space or time; but 10 ascertain what particular changes nave taken place in defi- uite time. with the view Of estimat- ing their relations as a series of acts, 3. of approaching their yaiue and sig liaeance as manifestations of the lIalitatiye aspect of the universe.
 Seen fion within, the historic FrCcess opens new yistas to the his tlrian What is the signification of this ceaseleSs struggle with the ev- aaescent and this endeayor to lift the cont nts of time to 8 position of per usanent security Does 1t not imply in the human agent a sence of conti- uuItg through which he realizes his Fart in the general development oi man and his duty as a member of the human race. It is in the great ceisis of history that it's true nature $ made apparent. Only those who have lived through them and have
 ed some part in them possess in its full sense the meaning of the histori- cal process; for it is only as part of # that the individual, in moments of victory or defeat in the march ui triumph or fainJing on the field of battle, knows that the social unit