Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1908-11-19
IN SESSION
1T ANNUAL INSTITUTE.

I'll lIllllUIlL lIiOlIIUlL.
The Yearly Farmers institute which
was opened in the Town Hall at Muns
lea Hill yesterday has been we'll at
4 tended. The weather though aamB
and chilly has been generalN propit-
Elols and the information that was
given by the speakers on various sub
4 iJeets more than repaid all those who
Eattended
4 The session was opened at 1918
Eo'elock yesterday morning BY Mr..
/ Lewis M. Morgan. who gave a Short
Iaddress Of welcome.
Franklin Dye, who was to speak. was
absent, 50 Prof. Edward Van Alstyne,
fof New York, gave the response. DR..
q. W Broadhead was then introduced
who spoke on, Twenty-Five Years Of
observation in Horse Breeding. .
In brief, he said that the horse
comes from an animal about the size
Of q fox, and belongs to the same fam
lly IN which the rhinoceros aud hippo
potonos are found.
He said that there are two families
ofs.hoTses, the hot blood and the cold
blood In the first family he classes
the thoroughbredss Morgan and Stan
dard bred. In the second family are
the large breeds
He said that the pony on the farm
has distinct place, for it helps to
keep the children on the farm and 1t
4 also creates in them love for domes.
tic animals.
The standard bred, or trotting horse
may have from 5 to Is different bloods
IN him, and these, according to the
speaker are not thoroughbreds. The
true thoroughbred is distinctly an Eng
4 lish running animal, which mas been
I bred and improved on in Kentucky
until now it beats the English original
He said that it is the natural de-
sire OF people to get good speed from
horse. but it is wrong 10 breed a
scrub down to a standard sire A
4 large amount of exercise for dams and
colts makes them more healthy than
Iidleness
He made stress on the fact that it
+ is generally found unsatisfactory to
breed horses after their usefulness is
al an end. There is no sucn thing as
dual purpose COW, but there Is such
a horse. A general purpose horse eafS
80 at the rate Of to 8 miles per hour
with carriage well loaded
/ Comparing the native with the west
] eFn horse. DR. Broadhead said that
4 putting side by side a 1850 pound na-
I tive horse ard a 1900 pound western
/ horse. the former would be in the bet
4 fer shape at the end OF years work.
i The western horse changes to local
4 conditions slowly, and to feed them
as the native horse is wrong.
4 The western horse should be sh0d
|well and kept so. otherwise his foot
4 viii settle, injlring him permanently.
4 Stress was laid in the matter Of
/ sanitation in rearing cults. An ideal
stable depicted was with a cement
I floor which sloped to one end, for
\ drainage, with a wooden slat floor.
I Feeding the colt from the floor was
+ said to often cause spine trouble. and
other complaints.
"The farmers garden and what it
means to the housewife, next came
Iup for discussion. D. W. Sitnens said
I it is the most essential part Of the
\ farm, but that as a rule rs per cent.
4 seldom think of it. Fresh truck OF
many varieties, well balanced TationS
4 for the table he said were the results
of a good garden. springing from only
/ few cents worth of seeds.
! Anna Kirby spoke of the poor ar
rangement of many gardens and gave
some of the joys of an ideal garden
/ Edward Van Alstyne, speaking on
Fertility, from What Sources, said
! that three elements are necessary in
soil, (1l nitrogen, ~ phosphcric acid,
! and (3l potash. hese are always
lpIant food AS rule these elements
iare not available fast enough to raise
/ large crops, and to make them avail
able it is necessary to get air into
] the soil Keeping the soil loosened
mp was given as remedy for many
evils and for supplying necessary ele-
ments Water, he said, must get into
contact with as much surface as pos
sibIe Vegetable matter loosens the
soil and contains plant food. Decay
ing vegetable matter, he said, liberates
the mineral elements. All kinds Of soil
have some potash in them, but most
are deficient il nitrogen Bare ground
in the winter loses much OF its nj
trogen through surface water
Good feeds given to cattle make bet
ter manure than ordinary food. and
rich foods, he said, increase the value
Of manure so per cent. over the man
ure from poor feed.
Handling manure depends upon it's
asef illness. Manure III piles loses
half Of its usefulness in six months
time.
The vordings of a we'll fed animal
are worth $500 a ton.
The best mediums for the growth
Of soil germs is stable manure and
vegetable matter. It should be spread
over 1he ground thiDfv and often Much
nitrogen and no minerals makes no
big grain Most manure is deficient
In phosphoric acid. The plant food IN
commercial fertilizers is just as vai~
liable as that III manure, clover sod.
MI Van Aistyne closed his ren1aTEs