davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-07-10


given out and call a halt to the
gentlemen who are driving honest
independent men to alliances out
sides the party ranks.
The defeats which have come ID
the Republican party In oregon are
now charged by certain newspapers
10 Mr.. Bourne. Mr.. U'Ren, Statement
No. /, the primary law and the ini-
tiatlye and referendum, all OF which
measures and men--are cursed
numerically and Unfortunately.
A retrospective glance over the past
~ years shows that the blame IS
wrongly placed. VACILLIATION'
INCONSISTENCY. INSINCEltE
PROMISES AND PLATFORM TT
TERANCEs GAVE TO THE PEo-
PILE OF THE STATE THE FIRST
SUGGESTIONS OF. THE DESIRED
CHANGES IN THE POLITICAL
SYSTEM. Some OF these changes
were placed upon the statute books
OF the state without any intention OF
putting them in operation unless
times and circumstances favorable
10 the bosses should appear, 9TH
ERwISE THEY WE'RE TO BE
TREATED As A LEGAL JOKE
PLAYED UPON THE COMMON
HERD. And II was for Bourne, or
U'Ren. or Schubel, who began this
movement for popular legislation,
election OF senator. etc. but It was
the very influences and the very
men who are now abusing U'Ren.
Bourne. ct al for the results.
In 1895 and 1895. the leading
men who are the loudest now In the
abuse OF Bourne and others, were
/ the most ardent advocate OF the hi
metallic heresy and they laid the
groundwork then for all the Ills
which the party has suffered since.
THE SAME INFLUENCES OPERAT-
NC N MUITNoMAH. CLiTsOP,
MARION AND LANE COUNTIES,
followed up later with comb nations
with the Democrats wheheby legls-
latlve majorltles were secured and
u. s. senator's were elected and In
1901, thinking that the tidal wave
of popularity was flowing In their
favor. the same men placed law
upon the statute books embodylng In
solemn legal text THE FULL PtIN-
CIPLEs or STATEMENT No. {,
WHICH NOW APPEARS SO HATE
FUL To THEM Let us give a list
OF the state senators who formulated
and voted for that law for the elec-
ton OF L. s senator's by popular
vote In order 10 illustrate what We
mean. and Il Was the very FIRST bill
introduced that session:
Adams OF Marion, BroWnel OF
Clackamas, Cameron OF Jackson
clem (DemD OF Linn. nimmick o!
Coos, Hunt OF Multnomah. lnmar
(Deml OF Mul,nomah. John7ton OF
Wasoo. iosephi Of Multnomah Kel
~ OF Linn, Kuykendall ot Lane
Looney Of Marion, Marsters of Doug,
las. Mays tauthor OF the bin OF
Multnomah Morrow (Dem b OF Nor
row. Mulkey ~ Polk, Porter Ot
Clackamas. Proehstel ot Uma,illa
Stelwer of Wheeler. Sweck CDem.
OF Multnomah. Wehrung (Dem.l oI
Washington. Williamson OF Crook
AMI MIR. PRESIDENT tSENATOH
FULrON.
The only vote against the bil'
was John ID DAILY OF Benton AMI
EVERY ONE on THE REPURII
CAN MEMBERS ABOVE LISTED
ENCEPT CAMERON. JOSEPH
JOHNSTON AND MULkEY were
and are now allied with the forces
thar are enrslng Statement No. l.
Two years from the time they
passed that law, the very same ms 0
voted 10 lgaore and nullfy Il. yet
they did not dare and have not ys,
dared 10 repeal Il.
REPUBLICAN STATE CONVFN.
rIONs FOR 20 YEARS RESOLVED
IN FAVOR or ELECTION or L. ;.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-07-10

store of B. Hart G Bros, Is in prison,
being captured last night by an un.
armed man, while his two compan-
ions are at large after lodging fusl.
lade of bullets from Chief of Police
Blggys revolver,
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-07-10
POLICE CHIEF FIRES
on ELEEING ROBBERS

United Press Leased wIrel
San Francisco, July 1O'-isador
Golden. charged with being one OF
three men who broke into the SILK
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-07-10

YOUR LIFE, LOVE OR BUSINESS,
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
CREW ALMOST STARVED.
Men Are Rescued After Long Fight
to Save Vessel.

Galveston. Texas-The story OF the
narrow escape of the crew of the
schooner Noble Simmons from death
at e of starvation was brought to
this port Saturday by Capt. Young of
the Mallory Liner San Marco. Pro-
visions were supplied the Simmons
after she had drifted helpless for days
and the crew had been without food
for five days. -
Bound from Porto Rico to Balti-
more. the schooner encountered heavy
seas and head winds, which tore off
much of her rigging. Repairs were
impossible in the heavy sea running,
and 1t required the constant effort of
every mar to keep the vessel afoat,
When food gave out the men contin.
ued their labors. They had about
abandoned hope when the San Marco
saw their distress signal and furnished
relief.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
FUNDS FOR ZEPPELIN.
Subscription lists, Are Opened in
4avn Every city in Germany. r,a.,,

- - r. ~ tlHsrtf ~ -.nfgm - --r. % -.
'ABerlin.-AA national committee. has
been formed at Stuttgart, under
the presidency Of Prince Won Hohen.
.loheLangenboug Ito .s, raise q pub
lie subscription Tor Count Zeppelin.
Already more than 1915 900 have been
Faised, and the promises received
teseh double this amount.
The subscription list Of the Berlin
bourse totals, oyer SIS, 900. Senator
yPoosehls Of Lubeek and Essen Mine
-ComSany, EACH have given a similar
Sum- and An Anonymous subscriber to
the fund at Heidelberg has contribut-
ed $4,000 The total of the list which
is being circulated at. Cologne has
EreaShsd $500. of Rhich amount the
lefty Council voted $4,000. From every
city In the~empfre comes the an.
nouncement Of the opening of sub
f~sqription fists for Count Zeppelin. m
81 ~ ~ - III I'M
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
RESCUE DARING LAD
COY CLIMBS UP CLIFF AND CAN'T
0Er DOWN.
WAS IN PERIL or MS LIFE
He Remains All Day In Danger Of
Failing 600 Feet to Death on
Rocks.

Los Angelcs.--A wireless message
from Avalon. Catalina Island. re-
ports the rescue OF Irving Spalding,
aged Is, son Of A. f. Spalding Of
Springfield, H., from a precipice GOO
feet above the sea, where he had spent
the day In peril of his life.
The youth disappeared from the
house early in the morning. He went
to explore the island and climbed the
sheer face Of the cliff $50 feet high
as far as he could go, and got within
about 100 feet Of the top. Spalding
found 1t impossible to get down and
shouted for help, but failed to make
anyone hear. He could not sit down
and the slightest misstep would have
sem him to instant death on the rocks
below. His father, as night was APP.
preaching, organized a searching
party. After an hours search they
saw the boy, weak with fear.
The problem of how to rescue him
a solved at last by the discovery OF
a path leading SO feet down from the
top. A line was lowered and he was
drawn safely to the top Of the cliff.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
SUIT AGAINST THAW PUT OVER.
Action Regarded As Scheme to Remove
Prisoner From Asylum.

Poughkeepsie, n. Y.-Harry X.
Thaw was taken from Jail Monday for
another appearance before Judge Van.
deventer, in the suit TO recover $500,
brought against him by DR.. Wilson,
who has attended him in Poughkeep.
sic since he was taken there. The
hearing was again adjourned until Fri.
day morning.
On the way 10 the hearing Thaw's
jailers took him to an oculist in
Poughkeepsie, where he was measured
for a set of glasses. The young pris.
oner has had some trouble lately with
his eyes when he was reading or writ.
ing.
The suit by DR.. Wilson is regarded
In many quarters as friendly rather
than otherwise and brought with the
object Of getting Thaw a vacation
from Jail as often as possible. DR..
Wilson himself was put through bank.
ruptcy proceedings lately, and his
creditors manifest a considerable in.
terest In the present suit.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
Captain Baldwin Makes 90.
Real Test of Army Balloon

When the dirigible passed over the
starting point it was about 500 feet
in the air, Bringing his ship against
the wind, Captain Baldwin made a
landing much. the same as pilots Of
water craft bring their vessels to the
side Of a dock. ss.ts s..
The balloon squad Of the signal
coprs caught the frame as it descend
ed, preventing 1t from crashing to
the ground by the force of its own
momentum.
With a broad smile, Captain Bald
win said: Tomorrow we will go after
the money. Everything is Just as we
thought it was when we brought it
here, The horizontal rudders worked
perfectly, and we made several me
neuvers which showed that every
thing is in perfect condition."
Mr.. Curtiss, usually calm and un-
concerned, dubbed W. with enthu-
siasm. She rode on an even keel
throughout the trip" he said. "As an
example of the ease with which the
ship is controlled and to show what
can be done with her while operating
in the air at a height of 500 feet, l
sketched a map of the country over
which we travelled. | did what will
be done in the future with airships."
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
BEATEN BY WHITECAPS.
Rushville (lnd.) Man Is Tortured
With a Nail-Pronged Board.

Rushville, Ind.-Beaten almost into
insensibility by white cappers, per-
forated with small holes caused
by a nail-pronged board and COW
cred with tar and feathers, John
Tribbey, a well-to-do farmer, was
found bound to a tree Thursday.
Tribbey said he had been taken from
his home by eighteen masked men
who had deliberately tortured him.
Shortly after the finding of Tribbey, it
was learned that the white cappers
had visited the home near by of Miss
Hessie Smith, with whom he Is al
legged to have been on friendly rela-
tons, broke in the windows and lef.
a note warning her to leave the coui,.
try. Tribbey said he had also been
ordered to leave within thirty days.
Officers are working on the clue that
some Of the most prominent farmers
in Posey township, where the white.
capping took place, are implicated.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
FIVE CENT FARE IN~cLEvELAND.
City Adopts This Policy to Overcome
Monthly Deficits. d.

Cleveland, Ohio-Five-cent cash
fare with three-cent tickets short
ly may be put into operation by
the Municipal Traction Company as
the result Of a caucus. Friday; of the
majority of the city council with
Mayor Johnson. This policy is said
to be the result of a deficit in the
operation Of the street car system OF
Cieyeland which, a few months 60,
was taken over by the Municipal, a
holding company to be operated onsa
straight three cent basis. Officials of
the Municipal are said to favor the
new rate until prepay" cars are in
use, when it is anticipated practically
allseash fares will be collected. The
deffcit, it is SAID is largely duesto the
free transfers ipaugurated SOME time
ago, on trial;E Y "
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
EIGHT LOST ON BOAT
STEAMER DESTROYED AT PIER IN
LAKE WINNIPEG.
SIX DIE IN THE sTATfRooMs
Several Buildings Take Fire-Flames
Started In the Engine Room
and Cut of Escape.

Winnipeg, Manitoba-News was re-
ceived here Saturday from the north
ern end of Lake Winnipeg that the
steamer Premier, Capt. Stevens mas.
ter, was burned, entailing a loss of
eight lives-six passengers and two
members of the crew.
The dead are: Mrs. A. Coutere, Sell
kirk; Mr.. Obin. Ginli; Mrs. Povah, Ell
mer Jones, Oscar Overton. l.. Fryer,
all of Winnipeg; Augustus Well, cook,
Selkirk; Norman Fisher, assistant
cook. Selkirk.
The boat was anchored at a pier
when fire started in the engine room
The flames spread, e%nveloping the
boat. Despite the valiant efforts Of
the crew, the blaze spread beyond
control of the men. The passengers
were caught unawares, and those who
persisted were caught in their state.
rooms and cut off by the wall of fire.
The wind carried the flames to the
pier, and with it several buildings
we're burned.
The boat left Winnipeg Monday for
the extreme northern end of the lake,
carrying 3S people. News of the ca
tastrophe did not reach here until
Saturday, when a steamer brought the
information.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
TURK SLABS SULTAN
Nrirt tHavaf sAr esvaf OF
rosAS svInHs ptkta.
rteoHf sAVa
THE AssAILANI IS CAPTURED
Nssvy uso o. Gold Prevents Gsssp.
% the Would. as Assa..,N--
Curb 10 Pvt on
the News.

Geneva, Switzerland -- sultan Alb
dui Hamld was stabbed Ia the
breast In his private apartments In
the fildiS Kiosk Monday night by one
OF the minor officials OF the palace,
according TO n telegram received from
Constantinoplc by u OF the leaders
OF the young Turkish movement.
Tho message says the only thing
that saved the sultan's life was tho
coat OF mail that he wore next to his
body. This detected the knife thrust,
which otherwise would have pierced
his heart. The blow was so violent
that the point OF the knife was broken
of. Id
The guards. who quickly followed
the assailant into the Sultan's room,
overpowered him and placed him I'M.
der arrest The young man tried 10
escape, but his movements were hin.
dered by a bag Of gold that he ear.
,ried. 1t Is believed hat this gold was
a bride paid him for his deed.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
SERvlA IN REBELLION PLOT.
Plan to Stir Up War With Austria.
Hungary Discovered.

VIENNA breach between Aus
tria-Hungary and Servia. attended
by the most serious consequences, is
imminent as the result Of the confess
sion Tuesday Of Georgen Nastich of a
widespread plot throughout Servia to
stir up a rebellion among all the Slav
races of Austria-H Hungary.
King Peter himself is accused by
Nastich Of permitting the leaders Of
the proposed rebellion to maintain
headquarters In Belgrade, and Crown
Prince George, the youthful trouble
maker, of aiding the movement fnan-
cially..
According to Nastich, two we'll
known Servian adventures prominent
in the numerous Balkan political plots,
the Servian scheme was to unite the
Bosnians, Herzegovinians, .Croatians,
Slovacs and S%lavonians In a revolt
against the Austrian government, the
ultimate aim being for thesrevolution.
lists to join King Peter In a. move for a
ifgreater S~ervia.pl11 s%ls
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
NARROWLY ESCAPED DEATH.
Passenger Train on Peoria & St.
Louis on Burning Bridge.

Springfield, ~IlL--Fifty passengers
on a Chicago, Peoria & st. Louis
train, bound from Peoria to Spring.
field Friday afternoon. narrowly
escaped death on a burning wooden
bridge which spanned a high en-
bankment. Engineer Nolan, and Fire
man VIM, rounding a sharp curve
saw that the bridge a short distance
ahead was on fire. Engineer Nolan
put-on the brakes reversed the en-
CINE and let loose the sand. When
they saw they could not stop the
train before the burning bridge was
reached, both engineer and fireman
jumped and rolled down a 60-foot en-
bankment.
The baggage car and locomotive
ran fifty feet, where. the rails spread,
when the locomotive toppled over,
leaving the passenger cars safe. The
baggage car caught fire and burned,
but the passenger coaches were not
damaged much.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
BRYAN WOULD HASTEN FUNDS.
Summons Haskell for Conference on
- 'N Campaign sinews. VIC d'

Lincoln.-WilliaLl J. Bryan has
summoned the treasurer, 4of-the ma
tional committee, Gov. Haskell q
Oklahoma, to Fairview for conference
as to the finances for campaign work.
The contributions, while coming In
reasonably fast, hardly approach In
volume the amounts anticipated
bryan was pleased Thursday with
the reposs from Los Angeles that All
toaSB., Parker4t6ok the stamp Tor him
Wednesday night. With Parker and
johnson both on thesstump,sthe Bry.
antics believe they will make many
votes for tbs ticketa Eenator Fob
Taylor Of Een1esaee VIII lifeiy bsBry-
ans guest late ThdrsdayS -afterhoon,
and the situation in the South will be
'discpssedoG Ann 4r1 gar
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
MISSING FROM &
Seaman on Wisconsin Believed &c
Have Killed Self by Drowning.

Suva, Fiji Island. - The United
States Atlantic fleet at s o'clock
Tuesday evening was in latitude 21.54
south, longitude 1850 west, 1,0fT
miles distant from Auckland. The
weather is cooler and the sea mode
rat.
Albert e. Heisel, a seaman OF the
battleship Wisconsin, has been miss
ing from that vessel since July 81. lie
was last seen at Z o'clock in the
morning of that day. Testimony giy-
en- before a board Of investigation
which inquired into the seaman'sl hb-
sence showed that he had been suf-
fering from melancholia since July 20.
1t is believed the man committed Sui
eide by jumping overheard. Rv
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
TRAIN KILLS SCHOOLGIRL.
Relative of Former Marshal Of Court
., Of Appeals Victim Of Accident.

Springfield. Mo. While on her
way to the normal school Wednes-
day morning Miss Katherine Casey. a
student whose home is at Potosi, No,
stepped in front of a work train of the
Springfield Traction Co. Three cars
passed over her body. sHqiu
She vas "a years old and a daugh-
ter of Andrew Casey, former morshal
OF st. Louis court of appeals. MISS
Casey was on her way to take her ex-
aminations preparatory to securinsia
certificate eto. teach school when she
was killed.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
Postal Men Injured,

Butte, Mont. H. F. Bushnell OF
Washington, chief q clerk in the
postal service, who has been in at
tendance upon the convention of the
Montana state postmasters at Helena;
Malcomb Gillis, postmaster at Butte;
DIR. Roffs postmaster at Missoula. and
Judge Cheadle of the district bench at
Lewistown, Mont, were all slightly In
jured in an Automobile accident near
the Wickesi TUNED Tuesday afternoon
while returning from Helena. The
machine skidded and overturned. All
the injured were able to come on to
Butte. 'N91" Jaai hidn{D lao iaoIi >
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
TEXANS DisPERsE WHEN HE
PROMISES TO CONVENE COURT
FOR WHITE MAN.
GIRL ACCUSES TIE PRISONER
Trinity Jeweier Charged With Attack.
Her--Hasty Trial Demanded
Special Train Makes
Quick Time.

Trinity, Texas-A special train
bearing District Judge Dean raced
from Groveton to this city Sun
day night to save the life of William
Smith, a jeweler. The man, who is
charged with attacking a girl, is In
Jail, and a mob was demanding either
his immediate trial or execution.
The arrival of Judge Dean on a spe,
cial train was followed by an a n
nouncement that he would immediate
ly ave court and try the man,
which quoted the mob.
Girl of Seventeen Accuses.
Smith is accused by Miss Mamie
Edgely, II years old, of this city, of
attacking her while on their way home
from church Sunday night. The man
was taken into custody by officers, but
as the news of the attack spread a
mob gathered at the jail.
Leaders of the mob demanded that
court be convened at once. Hasty
preparations to repel the threatened
attack on the Jail were made by the
sheriff, and at the same time search
was made for Judge Dean.
The mob clamoring at the Jail doors
was being constantly augmented by
persons from the outlying sections of
the county as the news of the affair
spread.
Judge at Groveton.
It was learned by the officers that
Judge Dean was at Groveton, where
he had been holding court.
No train was available, but the ur-
gent need of his presence was ex-
planned TO him over the long distance
telephone. Hasty arrangements were
made and a special train bearing the
Judge as the sole passenger made a
record run over the division to Trim
ity.
On his arrival Judge Dean went at
once to the jail, VIII re he addressed
the mob. He promised to convene
court Monday and start an inyestiga.
ton looking to an immediate trial,
and, satisfied by the promise of speedy
Justice for Smith, the crowd dispersed.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
sultan,s Condition serlous.

London. - Private messages re-
ceived here Wednesday morning
state that the Sultan OF Turkey has
been stabbed by a member of the
Young Turks movement and that his
condition Is precarious. He was
wounded in the back, the knife pen
etrating to the hilt. 1t is feared the
wound will cause death. .l.r.E
Every effort is being made by the
authorities to prevent the news from
spreading.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14

body and entered Congress the year
Garfield was elected.
He was a delegate to the National
Republican Convention at Chicago in
1869; member of the Governors staff
and raised troops for civil wari in 1861.
He was a member of Congress, 1868.
II, and United States Senator from
Iowa since 1878.
His present term would have ex-
pired March A, 1909, but the Republt
ans of his State, by primary, had al
ready selected him as his own sue
cessor. sA
Senator Allison was born In 1929 in
Ohio, so that he was 70 years of age
at the time of his death. .a,
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
THREE HURT IN COLLISION.
Grand Rapids 4 indiana Engine
@' Crashes Into Passenger. Car.

= Petoskey, Mieh.-Thresss people
were. Injured Monday eafternoon
wien a Grand Rapids & indiana rail-
road engine crashed into d baggage
car and passenger coach atthe suburb;
au station. %, "
Miss Hamilton of Cincinnati was
crushed about the chestsand badly
Observation-Disclosures Street -otrSt. Louis
sustained a broken nose and bruises
about the head. John Waldo, q 3.
year-old child, sustained a Crushed jaw
A small panic followed the collision,
as the occupants Of the caE4scrambied
ont thrpygh-the doors andSMindows,
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
People Return to Homes.

Nsnsoayesr, sB. e.gThsre were no
neaf Developments inuthe fire situa-
ton at Elk Valley Thursday. con-
ditions are gradually improving and
people gre returning to the scene Of
their former homes, Permits asa
granted latiFernie tol erect temporary
wooden buildings to be replaGed-W with
brick in ten months. People are be-
ing supplied with all necessities and
sanitary conditions are good AS a re-,
4Mt pi epnstAnt w9sh snes he fSrs
ast Are Is diminishing In Intensity
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14
Edward Leaves for ,MarIonb.d.

London-King Edward left here
Monday afternoon on his annual
visit to Marionbad, where he will
rest after his long and sarrduiouIs social
= duties during n Of the most lstrenu-
GUS sessions London has Witnessed in
years. Exceptional interest is taken
IN the trip, as King Edward will meet
Emperor William at Cronbesrfg.s lPfrus.
STA, Tuesday, and Emperor Francis
Joseph at Ischl,e AUSTRIA wednesday,
on the way to his fayorite Watering
place.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1908-08-14

shot through the abdomen; John Tay-
lor, shot through the neck and back;
Sherman Blanton, shot through chest;
Richard Blanton, stabbed in the right
side, and Mrs. Laura Blanton, shot in
the arm and hip. - wy
The trouble was caused by the long
standing enmity between the Taylors
and the Blantons, which dates back
several generations, and the school
trustees election in Harlan county last
Saturday afternoon furnished the
means for the feud to break out
afresh, and when it was over either
the Blantons OF the Taylors will be
eXtinguished. a4ssn 90 s
The Blanton's ran a candidate for
trustee and the Taylors also had a
candidate. At the election there were
several breaks but no shooting. The
Blantons and tie Taylors and some of
their relatives met at the general store
of w. F. Howard Wednesday to count
the ballots and award the certificate.
The Taylors accused the Blantons Of
attempting to cheat and in less time
than it takes to tell it both sides, who
were heavily armed, pulled their guns,
and when the smoke of the battle
cleared away three, were found dying
and six seriously wounded. 7''''+