davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

realize the manner in which the
worlds most popular book was hand
ed down in early days, or how in
those stages it resembled very closely
the transmission of the legends Of our
American Indians by sign and word
of mouth.
The earliest version of the Bible,
according to the best authorities, goes
back to the second century b. c. The
earliest Hebrew copy of the Old Tes-
lament of the undisputed date, how
ever. goes back only to the tenth
century A. d. Between these two
date lines lies the wonderful story
of the zone best seller which the
miracle of the Ink, the denomination
of the Apocryphal books and "a thou
sand other interesting details.
The various stages which have led
up to the present edition of the BIZ
BILE known as that of King James are
defined by DIR. Aked in his Appleton
article as follows: 1.-The Revised Yer
sion is Based on the Authorized Yer
sion, which is an improved edition
of the Bishops Bible. which was
bad copy of Cramer's Bible, which
was based on Coverdale's translations
of Dutch and Latin TRANSACTIONS and
Rogers version of Tindalrs Bible.
Truly a complicated pedigree. Yet
even this covers only the later period.
The very name of the Bible in itself
indicates something of its remarkable
history. While it is treated as a singu-
lar noun it really comes from two
Greek words-ta Biblia-meaning sim
ply "the books and indicating that
these sacred writings are in reality
collection of books The reason that
we speak today of the Old and New
Testament is due to a misunderstood
translation. Actually it should be Old
and New Covenant, since in its pre-
Christian stage the religion of revela-
ton is represented as the result of
covenant Later when a new dispen-
sation was spoken of it was referred
to as a new covenant But the Greek
word for covenant, among Latin
speaking Christians, was often erro-
neously rendered as Testament. AS a
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

result western Christiandom uses the
terms Old and New Testament, while
in other parts of the world the two
pairs of the Bible are referred to as
the Old and New Covenant.
In early days of the pre-Christian
era there was a continual struggle be-
tween religion which was primarily
spiritual and that which was essential
" political and unspiritual. When the
prophetic predictions of judgment on
national sin were fulfilled in the fall
of the Kingdom of Judah. political re-
ligion became an absurdity.
During those years in which the
structure of the present day Bible was
taking form, it drew its substance
from two sources. the historical and
the prophetical. In the earliest days
the matter which now constitutes va
rious books was handed down by word
of mouth: later by means of vowel
less writing. The difficulties and Op-
portunities for subsequent difficulty
are summed up by DR.. Aked
In a perfectly marvellous way" he
says, "the Jews contrived to preserve
a literature without having vowel in
their language. The very thought of
it staggers one. Let any man write
a column of today's newspaper omit
ting every vowel as he writes and then
try to write out from the copy he has
made a fair copy back again into En-
glish."
That this criticism set up by DR..
Aked is in no way extreme is conclu-
sively shown by one of the most sur
prising creations in the world of art;
nothing less than Michael Angeles
great statue of Moses. The head of
this heroic statue, as many readers
will remember, is adorned by two
horns. Many persons may have Won
dered just where the great sculptor got
the reason for this strange depletion
AS a matter of fact, however, it was
due to a misconceptions error in
the retranslation which DR.. Aked dis |
cusses. The Latin words for feature |
or countenance and horns are similar. |
a misunderstanding of the !
Vulgate version of the Bible to which
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

haev been advanced to explain its ap-
parent anarchronisms. Perhaps the
most interesting is that known as the
Tubingen theory. Briefly this theory
holds that if a revelation is miraculous
it naturally escapes the restrictions of
a purely historical narrative. In other
words a miraculous revelation may
deal at once with events past, present
or future. OF all theories put forward
this seems best to answer the objec-
tiOns of critics who look for flaws in
the New Testament
One Of the great questions of the
Bible is that concerning the canonicity
of its boOks-that is their right to be
quoted as Scripture. Different YER
sions of the Bible admit or exclude
various books, and these latter are
generally referred to as the apOcryphal
books. Originally the word, of Greek
origin. meant hidden-that is esOteric.
But it has now received an entirely
different meaning-that Of doubtful, or
even spurious. The books which form
the Apocrypha of the Old Testament of
which the ordinary reader of the Bible
knows little or nothing include those
known as Esdras, TObit. Judith Bar
UGH, the Song of the Three Holy Chill
dren. the History of Susanna, the His
tory of the. Destruction of Bel and
Dragon, and some others.
But vague as may be the origin Of
the Bible. and questionable as its COM
position may be held by scholars and
scientists it undoubtedly remains the
greatest literary achievement in the
history of the world. While DIR. Aked
criticises various details in his Apple
ton article he points out that the
spirit rather than the letter of the
Bible is to be studied and followed.
The danger which he sees in it comes
not from knowledge of this remarkable
book. but from ignorance concerning
the simplest facts about it,
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03
SOME ODD FACTS
ABOUT THE BIBLE
Queer Features in Origin and History
OF Worlds Most Widely Read Book
Little Understood.

New York, Aug. 31.-Fifty years
ago a circulation of $4,000 for a pop
ular book was considered phenom-
email. Today some one of the six
best sellers may pass the half mil
lion mark. But no book has ever
had such tremendous sale as the
Bible, and curiOusly enough while it
is the most universally and widely
read piece of literature, scholars who
have studied it most carefully assert
that ii is at the same time the least
understood. Primarily this may be
due to the fact that the most familiar
English edition of this strangest of
books, is, according to one of New
York's most eminent divines, "a YER
sion of a version which is a transla-
ton of a translation, handed down in
a language entirely without vowels."
Indeed the history of the Bible is
one of the most curious and interest
ing stories which science has ever
Illuminated. To the average reader,
however, it is unknown-the famous
Xxx, or the Miracle of the Seventy.
as it is more often called. is as little
known as the meaning of the term
Apochypha, or the date of the begin
ming of the Bible.
THE notion loosely floating about"
says the Rev. Charles +. Aked, who
discusses this question of the Bible
in Appleton's magazine, lis that the
Bible came down from Heaven, clean
ly printed, nicely bound in Morocco
and gilt edged with a book marker
against that text which has been err
roneously made to declare that every
scripture is inspired of God" AS a
matter of fact whether this be an ex-
IRENE definition or not few persons
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

fig. e. The square of Fig.
enlarged to show the position of
VarisbIe Stars. The star n is G
minutes west of A and g minutes
south of A.
months as We draw nearer their plane
and view them more nearly edgewise.
VARIABLE STARS.
There are several most interesting
variable stars which will repay Ohser-
walton during this month. Besides the
remarkable Demon Star. A!gol. at q.
Figure l. there are two rapid varia bliss
which are in very favorable position in
September. Both of these are just too
faint to be seen with the naked Eye. hut
a small telescope or field g,aSs will show
them clearly. The first is sixth mag
nitude star at II. Figure l. which at an
interval of every days hours sec
cOHdS sinks suddenly to the ninth mag
nitude: the second, at X. Figure !. is 4
seventh magnitude star. which every
days II hours 81 minutes fades To the
tenth magnitude. With the help OF Fig
ure the possessOr Of a small telescope
can readily md these two stars. To one
who has never witnessed il before. the
spectacle of a fixed bright star sudden
fading away or even disappearing en-
tirely is very striking. Each OF these
stars seems 10 disappear in small te.e-
scope because IL is partly echpSed 10y
a dark companion which revo.ves around
it, Disappearance of III will occur on
September 3 5 p. NJ; September :.
A. NJ. and September H. II p NJ.
Those of X will occur at y. NJ. on
September II and lG at : y. NJ.
THE HARVEST MOON.
The sun will cross the equator Of the
sky. and autumn will begin on Septem
Der % at 6 \. II. This is the instant
known as the autumna! equinox. The
full moon occurring nearest this date,
that is on this year the full moon OF
September ~ is known as the Harvest
Moon For several days before. AMI
after this date the nearly full moon VII
rise at about the So Ge hour each night.
so that at this time the evenings Will ne
made beautiful by an unusual amount ~
moonlight. The carly farmers of Eng
land did not doubt that this phenoTn-
enon was specially designed for them so
that they might have an unusual sue
cession of bright nights on which to
gather their harvest.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

forward more than % 900 miles an hour
II is of such great size that II has not
yet cooled sufficiently to have formed
crust; the whole mass is 50 expanded by
its enormous heat that it is lighter thAn
water 80,
But the most wonderful feature OF this
system is the strange rings which sur
round the planet. These APPEAR as
fiat circular disc 113.00J miles across and
only 20 miles in thickness. Their snap
from thin paper. The rings weigh very
little (their mass Is SO small that Their
pull on the Satellites OF Saturn Is not
sufficient to disturb the motions "f
these little bodies In the slightest meas
urable degreel and It is now known that
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

they are merely swarm of countless
meteoric particles. each revolving in its
own orbit about the planet. AS to the
size of these little bodies we know very
little. They may be similar to the
meteoric stones which fall on the earth.
or they be as mere dust film of wreath
OF fog. In the latter case IL Is probable
that viewed from Saturn they would
only appear as a faint arch spanning
the sky and not at all the conspicuous
objects they seem to us.
Many astronomers believe that our
own faint ZOdiacal light is a similar fiat
ring of particles which surrounds the
sun and extends beyond the orbit of tile
earth.
At present the earth and sun are both
below the plans of Saturns rings. as
shown in Figure g. and We see these
well widened out. but they will grow
rapidly narrower during the next few
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03
MONTHLY SUMMARY
AUGUST WEATHER
The Sort That Phoenix Had In the
Year 1903.

The following is summary of me-
theological conditions during the past
month as recorded in the Phoenix of
flee of the weather bureau by Section
Director L. y. Jesunofsky:
Atmospheric Pressure.
(Reduced to sea level; inches and
hundredths)
Mean 1900. highest 1895. date 81;
lowest 1850. date g.
Temperature.
Highest LOG, date g. lowest 20. date
16; greatest daily range 80, date 2S;
least daily range 16, date 81.
Mean for this month in 1896, SO;
1897, SO: 1898, 80: 1899, So: 1900. Sc;
1901, 80; 1902, go; 1908, 81; 1904. So;
1905, 80: 1908, Sc; 1907, So: 1908, 49,
Mean for this month for 10 years, SO.
Absolute maximum for this month
for 10 years lib.
Absolute minimum for this month
for 10 -ears 81.
Average daily deficiency of this
month as compared with mean of 10
years OG.
Accumulated deficiency since Janu-
airy l, 174.S.
Average daily deficiency since Janu-
ary /, OF.
Precipitation.
Total this month 0.81.
Greatest precipitation in "a hours
OF, date 16.
Total precipitation this month in
1896, III: 1897, O.61; 1898, 1.O3; 1899.
0.S9; 1900. Dol; 1901. 173; 1902. O.56:
1903, 90; 1904, 1.61; 1905, O.92; 1906,
2.07; 1907, O.SO: 1908. OS1
Average for this month for IS years
1O4
Deficiency of this month as COM
pared with average of 10 years, O.23.
Wind
Prevailing direction, east; total
movement 1929 miles; average hourly
velocity AZ; maximum velocity (for
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03
Beware of 0infmenfS for Ca
tdrrh that Contain Mercury

as mercury will surely destroy the sense
of smell and completely derange the
whole system when entering 1t through
the mucous surfaces. Such articles
should never be used except on prescrip-
tions from reputable physicians, as the
damage they will do is ten fold to the
good you can possibly derive from
them. Halls Catarrh Cure, manufac-
tured by f. ]. Cheney & Co.. Toledo. o..
contains no mercury, and is taken inter-
nally. acting directly upon the blood and
mucous surfaces of the system. In buy
ing Halls Catarrh Cure be sure you get
the genuine. 1t is taken internally and
made in Toledo Ohio. by F. J. Cheney
& Co. Testimonials free. =
Sold by druggists. Price 75c per bottle
Take Halls Family Pills for constipa-
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03
Minutes of the Proceedings of the
Territorial Board of Control
Continued from page g.

r.-
School
Supplies
awarded to
& and Sundry
H w. & Co, Meats
adjourned
J.
Secretary.
II,
At meeting of at NJ
claim
payment architects
audited and allowed
81,
J.
On the above date the in
o
for hospital to be
j.
Phoenix,
accordance with o
the Board met at its office the above
Asylum for the Insane needed
me proposals OF A L. Boehmer
being the
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03
WEEKLY BULLETIN OF WEATHER BUREAU
Genealogical Conditions In Arizona During the Past
Seven Days ...-,
GENERAL SUMMARY

OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES weekly
degrees for the central section
daily Friday
the northern
day partly cloudy
central counties Tuesday Wednesday Saturday
nesa During heavy thundershower Bibee
and otherwise damaging property to considerable The
precipitation
section the departure o6s nch for the central
the
OF
about
The flow has
steadily
Aqua Frar rivers
TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION.
ALTON ErlT0TN
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

the Great Square of Pegasus at A. b,
c, ID, Figure ]. there may be traced out
the two long faint streams of stars
which form the Northern Fishes. To the
very early astronomers this region was
known as the sra Here are clustered
the Whale. the Dolphin, the River. the
Northern and Southern Fishes, the
Water Snake and Aquarius. Northeast
Of Pisces and south of Aries few faint
stars may be detected just rising above
the ground. These are the forerunners
OF the most brilliant group, Taurus. and
are the most western stars of that con-
stellation. AS they mount upward In
the heavens they will be closely fol-
lowed by the Pleiades and Hyades. ana
the first of the long train of winter con-
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

golden arch passing through the very
highest point OF the heavens are the
numberless stars of the Milky Way.
In the Southwest the striking summer
groups OF the Balances and the Scor-
pion are Just sinking from view: In the
Southeast the bright reddish star Fo-
malhaut has appeared. the most south
erly bright star of the heavens which
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

five minutes) Sc miles per hour, from
northwest on the snd
Weather.
Number of days, clear Il; partly
cloudy 10; cloudy /; on which OF inch
or more. of precipitation occurred. s..
Miscellaneous Phenomena.
HalOs, lunar dates of; 3. 4, 5. 6.
8. 9. 10, Il, Is. 16; solar, Z. s. 9, 10.
II. Is, Is, "a, 80, 81; lightning: 3, 6.
u, IS, 10, 81, 80, 31;rainbows: Z, IL.
IA, Il, 30; sandstorms. 2, 16, It;
thunderstorms: 2, 4. 5, 7, 8. 10, II. 16,
II. IS, %, %; mean relative humidity,
As per cent.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

Figur - ut since then In its long 30
year JC y around the heavens. II
has reached the position F. where II
may be very easily found since there are
no other bright stars near. Through a
moderately large telescope the greenish
ball. with its delicate shadJngs and the
wonderful rings which encircle ii, form
a most beautiful and interesting object.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03
His Pursuer.

PA" said the senator's little boy.
looking up from his book, What is a
Nemesis &"
"A Nemesis my son." replied the
senator, YEARLY, lis a female office
seeker that you foOlishly promised to
assist" From the Philadelphia Press.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03
DAILY Fashion 1ALks
BY MAY MANToN
ONE OF THE NEW AUTUMN SUITS.

THE new suits
that al
J ready are be-
Ing shawn for be-
tween seasons and
early Autumn are
simple in style.
bot are made IRON
a variety Of ma
terials. Broad
cloth. panama. in
plain and fancy
W c a v G s, and
ch:viots promise
to be favorit 5
however, and this
model suits them
and a1l other sea
sonable suiting
materials. In the
illustration Ii Is
trimmed with
black velvet and
black six braid
and rlack crochet
buttons, the co or
pSfng one OF tne
new doll violsts,
bot brcwr s. blues
and 6aik greer s
ali will be worn
thro. ghcut I h {
Autun' n v hile TIE
trimming COZ IL Re
tands Ct satin
quite as well as
braid, ard such
finish will tie ex-
tc sively Used.
For the medium
size the coat will
require S ya'6s Of
material u, 81
ds A. rs
yards S inches
wide W 18th g
yardof velvet and
8 yards of BRAID
the skirt I01z
ys-ds27, 81 Yar5I
Al or AZ var S S
inches wide /; tht
material has OF
and down. tu
ifit has rot ~
yards 27.44 yar q
= A or 4 var. 8 S
inches W dc wi
suffice, with 81
yards oil braid TO
the trimmir G. !
NJ ay Manic
ratt.rn of tn
coar. No. COS
81 10 ~ II ere
bust, Of tie .kirt
No. W.. S Z, S =
TO q inc es was
VIII be N lied t
any adore S
| Fnhion D,
\ r,rt merit OF HI
\ plrer On Iece T
OF ts &c IS tC
each. Of N hasi
send an ID iticI
II I o cenr. ia 4
70 letter pcstal
whic n insurV
n orc ROM
div NJ
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

The sky Ia now filled with the autumn
stars. The beautiful Northern Cross is
exactly over head. and nearby there
shines out the very brilliant blue Vega
and the bright yellow Altar. while sur
rounding these and forming a beautiful
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

The largest moon. Titan. Is visible even
In small telescope. while on clear
night a glass OF three or four inches
aperture will show four more. but the
faintest satellites are only visible in the
very largest telescopes. The planet is
ID. O00 miles in diameter. and is whirling
around on its axis with such velocity
that points on its equator are carried
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03

we ever see. So far South Is this beau
tiful Royal Star that it remains in the
evening sky for only three months of
the year; early in December it will dis
appear. long before the transformation
from the summer TO the winter stars
has been accomplished.
Above 'Fomalhaut are the large groups
Aquarius and Pegasus. while bordering
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1908-09-03
stellations will have entered the ey
ing sky.
THE PLANET SATURN

This great world has now appeared to
remain with us for the rest of the year.
The observer may remember that last
year this planet was at the point K.
The Washington times., 1908-07-26
NOTES CYCLE REVIVAL.

The revival OF the bicycle business
has. been ore of the remarkable features
during tn past season" said the head
Of a Boston auto and cycle concern
~ year ago an agency sold a couple
OF bicycles a week, but TODAY II is not
unusual 10 dispose Of four OF Eve
bicycles a day. This renewed interest
Is evidenced IN no better way than the
pa ,ronizing Of bicycle races IN rEriOus
cities throughout the country AT
Newark. n J. new stadium has re-
Gently been built. with a seating capa-
city OF s.0oo. and It is filled nearly every
time races are held there
This has also been the experience Al
Paterson, n ] where q stadium for
bicycle racing. nas just been completed
anC other cities are rapidly falling II
line
The Washington times., 1908-07-26
DEFEAT
OF AMERICAN CARS
Foreign Racers Make Elab-
crate Preparation for the
Classic Events.

NEW YORK. July 24--Harry S. Houpt,
on his return from France with the
Grand Prix Thomas racer. declared that
the Americea racing car could never
compete with The foreign racer until
he vas able TO prepare for contests with
the same thorough care. the same ex-
penditure Of time and EFFORT that the
foreigner made to get the result
achieved.
he said that the Thomas car had
never been tried out at a high speed tor
a greater stretch than a mile at any
time in America, and that when re-
ouirec on the other side 10 do eighty
five miles an hour IL would not With
stand tie strain. With a trial on his
side OF the water over an extended
stretch at this rate Of speed the weak
nesses developed r3ight- have been REM
died IN time, but after arriving on the
I other side il was impossible 70 do more
than make the best of the situation
Had Il not been for the accident which
produced a leak in the gasoiene tank II
would have been possible for the car u
have finished the course q Su4laDlS oAl-
20 have oUtlived many Of the foreigr
/ competitors who were unequal TO tn
test Of travelling over the circuit -
| high rate Of speed which they developed
That so many cars gave up the con
! test is eloquent testimony 20 the uttel
unftness Of the course for such hisi
! speed driving. The only car 70 nnlsi
/ a complete team Of three was the Benz
although the Mors finished both OF iti
! cars whic,s started. one Withdrawing be
/ fcre the start The snClre team Of Fiat
went out. All the Observation-Disclosures
/ all the WeigeIs. tao MotO-Biocs, on
Mercedes, one RenaUIt, one Brazier, on
. Cermain. an Austin, two Porthos, an'
an ItaIa and Panhard retired
/ Most Of the cars chat retired showe'
| Exceptional speed II fact. Salzer's Her
/ cedes made the best circuit Of the day
/ esta blishing a new record Of thirty-si'
minutes aud thirty-one seconds for
round at the rate Of IS 80 miles. Bah
| lots Brazier made the circuit nine sc
ond slower. while Thery's Brazier an
SZiaz-s Eenault each made 5I-os- Wag
ncr-s Fla. with 5Ll5. was another -
10 break the old re,Ord. while severe
! approached the old mark closely
The Washington times., 1908-07-26
SMASHES CYCLE RECORD.

NEW YORK, July Z5--Clin Ford, OF
Chicago. made new record for the
l50-nile (road) dist nee recently, there
by lowering a mark that had stood for
four wears. The r ute covered was
from Lincoln. y. H. 10 Boston, and the
time was hours and 80 minutes an
average Of more than seventeel miles
an hour.
The feat was all the more remarkable
by reason OF the fact That Ford had
never rode over the course before, and
the route is a very billy one Under
the auspices Of the Boston A. A, Ford
viii attempt 10 ride from Boston TO
Philadelphia next month, in thirty
hours.