The Utah County Democrat. [volume] (Provo City, Utah) 1898-1909, 1908-11-19

is estimated at upward OF 10000 but many Of them
are employed part the year In other rsherIes farming
definite statistics not available. Baltimore is the
most extensive market and New York has considerable
export trade with Europe.
The native oyster OF the Pacific coast Is small thin
sheled species In 1901 t593i0 bushels valued s25i
1872 were marketed principally the Pacific coast
The European oyster Is found from Italy 10 Norway.
II is round nsheed species. shapey than tho
American species and hermaphroditc. first female and
afterwards male u il less prolific than its American rea
tive and the young undergo considerable development In
the mantle chamber OF the mother II hrives in water
OF full almost FULL organic density
The oysters OF japan occur In shallow and moderately
bracksh moderately salt water throughout the whole
archipelago and very large salt water species is found
in deep water. Many other species OF Ostrea found
In temperate and tropical throughout the world
The oyster family appears TO have had It's origin
in imperfectly known forms The family Is found
also In the Porman In the rrassic II is represented
by strongly pcated FORM Aectryonia which form
becomes prominent In the Jurassc and Cretaceous
There are also the common arcuate shells of Gryphae
and Exogyra In The Jurassic and Cretaceous. Osrea
itself is known in the Mesozoc. but # attained It's maxi
mum of size aud abundance In the Tertiary. The sandy
mas Of this period In the southwestern United States
often contain great numbers OF very large specimens
OF oysters Owing the exhaustion OF natural beds
and their inability TO supply the demand for oysters II
has been found necessary TO to artificial methods
OF production eectng W Increase in the number OF
eggs ferzed; 90 increase In the surfaces available
for hxation and also OF the number OF attaching;
(3l the saving OF spat and young oysters which would
naturally fall victims to enemies and adverse physical
conditions; and ca the utilization OF barren bottoms
and naturally unavailable food supplies But small
part OF The under water suitable for oysters has
been utilized by nature mainly lack OF suitable bodies
for the attachment OF the In the United statcs
such barren bottom is utilized by clearing Il OF all rub.
blsh and either planting cultoh to collect the spat,
else young oysters fseed that they may improve ia
size shape, aud quality under conditions safer
favorable than In their original environment In
certain places either method may succeed but commonly
a locality IL better adapted TO one than the other
The suitable bottom for oyster culture consists
firm mud of a Arm subsntum with thin surface OF
soft mud but stable sandy bottom Is usually deficient
In food loose sand drifts and The oysters and
very soft mud ingulfs and STILES them produces In
ferior elongate stock Mud naturally soft may DO
utilized by distributing shells sand other
teral which, resting the surface furnishes
a firm foundation upon which the growing oyster may
repose security For spatcollecting II Is frequently
advantageous to hard mud gravel or rocky bottom
in shoal water m adapted adult oysters from de.
hcency OF food The bottom being properly prepared
and ts boundaries marked with stakes or buoys either
system may be adopted TO accord with circumstances
Generally seedpantng Is certain In rs results ana
yields quicker returns 10 the grower Seedoysers vary
from blisters onehalf inch In diameter TO individuals
almost ready for market but ordinarily they are
and three inches long They obtained from plant
making specially OF production or from natural
beds. the cost varying from to 81 per bushel
the larger culed stock separate we'll shaped freq
from rubbish bringing higher prices and giving the best
results.