davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
NORD MAY BE DEP0SED
EXECUTIONS PROHIBITED.
The Pozcers Reported agreed on
POLICY an Hoyh.

Paris. March fs.-A dispatch received here
from Port -au- Prince says that the represents
tives OF the foreign powers there have decided
that unless there is a speedy settlement Of the
present crisis they will formulate demand for
the resignation of President Nord Alexis and
the formation OF a provisional government, to
be followed Immediately by elections
In the time. the dispatch adds. no
further executions will be permitted Arrange
ments have been made with the commanders OF
the German cruiser Bremen and the British
cruiser Indefatigable TO land marines at a sig
nal from the legations The Minister Of War.
General Celestin has brought reinforcements
from Gonaives by order Of the President. and
he is manning the town defencss- The pres
ence of the warships appears to have a salutary
effect.
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
OIL AND STEEL CHIEFS WILL TEE UP.
Mr.. Carnegie Says He Will Exact Odds from
MI Rockefeller.
FFr,n The Tribune Bureau.

Washington. March 11-It is not true. as has
been rumored. that Andrew Carnegie and John D.
Rockefeller have had d falling out over a golf
game But they vii meet the links in the near
future Mr.. Carnegie. who WAS the Presid7n :
euest at luncheon this afternoon, himself contra
.,icted the rumor that he had disagreed with the
oil king and made the announcement of the tussle
ne homes To have with Mr.. Rockefeller. Mr. Car
negie added:
And when play | shall certainly win: at
l.ast 10 be more modest. | expect to win II We
ria, n, Mfr Rockefeller's links | think shall de
r,,nd a stroke Il hole. That would be no more
.bsp fair would il? You see if play his
links he will have great advantage. shall
exact the best bargain from him can, you may be
very certain of that.
AS 10 that foolish story. of course there is alb
solutelv no truth in il. Why, We haven't even
nlaved a game how on earth could We have
disagreed over the score? ] have the very highest
re,ard for Mr. Rockefeller. and think he is a much
abused man / am very sorry 10 see him so vio-
lently attacked
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
HARP ABovE THE STARS AND STRIPES.
Irish Skipper Hauled Down the Latter When
Threatened with Gunooat.

c.aIveston Tex March 1I-When Captain Moore.
of the British steamship Ho"thhead OF bellast'
I,a1and here for cargo, dressed ship to-da: III
.or ~ g. Patrick he put the green emblem
abovo the Stars and Stripes This failure OF re-
nect 10 the United States flag was prom pity called
~ the commanders attention by a government in
specto- but he biutt'y refused to comply WITH the
law.
Not until he received formal demand from the
United States collector of customs of this port
cor,naniad by an order for the revenue cutter 70
stand ready and a threat to call the Sunooat int"
service unless the order CT the flags reversed.
did the Irish skipper yield, and then only TO haul
do,yn the American flag and leave the green one
up.
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
SUICIDE AFTER BROKEN ENGAGEMENT
W. H. Marriott. Jr., Of Baltimore. Ends Life
with Cnloroform.
rRv Telegraph TO The Tribune.

,,ad tU.n+y-t.lree whose marriage 70 Miss saline
Carroll daughter of the late Dr. Charles Cdrro'i'
Was IN have taken place February T. out the en-
pag.nent for which was broken on committee
suicide in his apartments IN 'i's- f-iitH
1t- bous4 in St Paul street early this morn
ing . ii.
IIe had been seriously i'll following the breaking
~ the engagement and Yesterday bought five ounces
f cbIorof,rrn at different drug stores, 50 as not 10
tic s,,sricfon F:nyeloTlng his head with hood
80, .,, :. blanket me poured the chioroform into
cup nIaced il over his face ana went quietly into
his last sleep. A servant found him dead
Roth families are prominent No public eNplana-
tio1 was made of the breaking OF the engagement
Of marriage.
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
KILLED IN BOXING BOUT AT THEATRE.
Philadelphia Youth Dies from First Blow
Struck bv Friend.

Philadelphia. March 17--ln an amateur ooHlhs
tournament following the regular performance at
tho 3iiou Theatre here tonight. Willie ROBIN
son. nineteen years old was killed Whlie ooHlns
with Charles Wolf. of the same age Robinson and
Wolf who were friends. had been in the ring only
thirty-fve seconds. when the latter struck Robin
son 2 severe blow the heart Robinson col
lansed on the st.ge and became unconscious The
regular physician in attendance who had previously
examined the contestants, failed revive Robin
son and he died in the police patrol on the way
to a hospital
The contestants were to have boxed three rounds
for prize Frederick Douglass. the referee, under
whose management the tournaments are held, to-
rether with Wolf. Frank Moore, his second, and
Marcus Williams, second for Robinson, were ar
rested.
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
ROCKEFELLER AIDS F1REMEN's FUND
Sends Check for $1,000, with Note Prais;ng
These Brave Men

John D. Rockefeller yesterday subscribed 1000
70 the Kruger and Firemen's Memorial Fund.
With this and other subscriptions received yester-
dav the fund has been brought to the grand total
of s2e.56s Is. Among other subscriptions received
,,,are the following: William B. Dana. $50 Henry
1tei6e $40: the Brunswick Baite-C Collender Com
many $50; subscription taken at the Regensburg
stores SIG rs Ralph l.. ShainWald, s.; George l..
storm, & CO. $40: governors of Anawanda Club.
s1oO: p A Whitney. $50: the Rev. DIR. Henry \.
Brann. 500.
Mr. Rocl<efeIIer's check for 81 600 accom-
p,ried bv a note which said that his gift was an
EXPRESSION Of his appreciation of the noble service
and heroic character OF these brave men whose Hives
are so constantly peril behalf Of their fellow
mep
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
sT PATRICK SAVES CHANLER PARTY.
Good Patrolman Wouldn't Arrest Anybody
sneedinr TO Dinner in Erin's Honor.

while on his way in an automobile last night 70
,eak at the ST Patrick's Day dinner OF the FRIEND
" Sons of Erin at the Crotona CaSiho' III l"e
r-o,x lieutenant Governor Lewis StuENeSaht
(,,o,,.r was halted by a patrolman for speeding AT
Fifth avenue and I'D street. with nm were 'eii
tor John T. Cohalan and Michael j GarVln' ram
MANY lea der Of the 33d Assembly District "heh
tho natroinan learned who were In the automop''e
a,d whore thev were bound and with What purpose
- I'm his objections and. with friendly
,orrip~ told them TO go Also the patroITnan
made no report of the case whats speeding. lie
I,I .Itween friends on St Patrcks Day.?
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
HELD FOR PLIZI THEFT
COupIe .Arrested an Connection zcith
81 900 Diamond Robbery.

Charles ". Hammll who lives at the Hotel
Plaza was robbed of diamonds valued at 5000
by a sneak thief on February 3, and last night
Robert McFarlane and his wife, Ann, of No. 3f2
East Goth street, we're locked uD on suspicion
of knowing something about the theft.
McFarlane had been employed as a houseman
at the Plaza. but left the hotel the day after the
robbery 4 bankbook on the Bowery Savings
Bank showing an initial deposit of $40 on
March II and a second deposit OF $500 two days
later. was found McFarane. He denied
knowing anything about the stolen diamonds.
Both were locked UP at Headquarters
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
AUCTION SALE or BONAPARTE FARMS.

TelegTaIh
Baltimore March 17.-ThIee cf the farms of
Attorney General Charles J. Bona parte in Prince
Georges County offered for sale at auc-
ton at Upper Marlboro to-day. The Flint farm.
COMPRISING $50 acres and Improvements. was bought
by T r Bond. of Baltimore the sale afterWard
being withdrawn: the Waring farm of 3l5 acres.
-aar No-tingham was sold for 81 so to Charles
Ringer and the Bowling Green farm, about sew
entv-fye acres and improvements. in the trucking
section of Oxen HILL near Washington, was bought
by P NJ Burnett of Baltimore, and the sale with
drawn The farms will now be disposed of at pri-
vate sale.
The Weston farm sold at private sale to
t4enrv Bowie Clagett of Washington.
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
TO PRESERVE "OLD swIMMIN' HOLE
Brandywine Creek, Made Famous by Poet
Will Not Be DesecTated.
rRv Telegraph TO TIE Tribune.

indian 4oolis March 17-Bv a decision OF the ST
nren1e Court to-day the Brandywfne Creek, IN
which is The Old Swimnlin' Hole" made famous
hv James Whtcomb Riley's poem. will not De
converted into ditch. and the place where hlieS
bathed in youth will be preserved 10 the people OF
Hancock County.
The 'netition to make a ditch of the stream was
bitterly fought by many of the citizens and MI
Riley himself took great interest in the nsh oeiilS
opposed TO the project. The court held to-day 'hal
the stream could be made TO serve the purposes
of drainage for the city Of Greenheid
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
ANXIETY IN EUROPE.
British Consul Reports the Outbreak
.1nti-F'OreigH.

London. March IA brief dispatch received
AZ The Foreign Office to-day from The English
consu-t;eneral Mr. Murray. at Port-au-Prince.
saving that the outbreak in Hayti WAS undoubtedly
anti-foreign in character
The cruiser Cressy has been ordered 10 go &C
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
BULL CALF SOLD FOR $4,000.
. TcIegraph te The Tribnne


ogIensburc Y y March He. H. Dollar. Of
,ya,,,el,on \ Y has delivered to c S Averill
f syracuse "A thoroughbred Hoistein-friesian
hull calf nine months old, fer which he received
g. aoo The calf's mother is Pontiac Rag Apple
tho champion miIlier of the world which Nh. DOT
= Ia ,o Field Brothers, of Vermont, for 5000
t,,t,c b.d been bred to MI. Aycrills famous H"l-
,aip bull and the Syracuse owner got an option
IN the calf for si230. providing 1t proved 10 be
I,,.JI
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
PRISON FOR STOESSEL.
EN- peror Confirms Recommendation
of the Court.

St Petersburg March 1.-THE Emperor to-
day confirmed the death sentence passed on
General Stoessel and also the courts recon-
1nendation for communication of the sentence 20
ten wears imprisonment in a fortress The
former commander of Port Arthur asked in vain
for full pardon.
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
PACIFIC STEAMER WRECKED.

San Francisco, March 1.-THE steamer Pomona
WAS wrecked near Fort Ross. about sixty miles
from san Francisco. this afternoon All her pas
senssrs were saved The Pomona pies between
this CITY and Eureka. Cal. and is operated by the
Pacific Coast steamship Company. She is reported
10 no total wreck.
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
FIALA ARCTIC COLLECTION IN FIRE.

The arctic collections owned by Anthony Fiala.
the explorer, inperilled yesterday when fire
WAS discovered i'm the upper rooms OF the tfala
home at No. 231 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn Mrs
t-ala and their three children in the lower
rooms when the flames were discovered. The dam
age was placed at $500
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
STRANGER WHIPS "PAT" GROVE.
~, r.Ier-,rh 70 The rribune. /


psyenport Ia. March H.-"Pat Grove Was
vbpped Yesterday by person whom he engaged
in a quarrel. Approaching the stranger. Grove
Knocked off his hat. with the remark: You don I
know who | am. am Pat Grove"
..I.II show you who am said the stranger. and
NTH that he sailed into the famous Pat and
r,,uled him heartily. Grove under the infiu-
ence OF liquor
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
EXPENSIVE PADEREWSkl CHlCNeNS-
fBy Telegraph 10 The Tribur

fFg IeIcgf
Kansas civ No March II. shipment oi fouf
Ubite Orpington chickens vas made to-day 10
A.. tcua.e J. PadeGeWski at Morges, S"ltzer-
land by Ernest ket rstrauss. The billed vain. Il
& 5oa Mr. Keerstrauss refused an offer OF s9'V'
from Nine Paderewski for d Chfistiania cheheh'
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
"uM CROW" TELEPHONE BOOTHS.

Cuthrie okla March T.-The HOUSE To-Day
passed the Senate telephone regulation biit me
measure provides for separate booths for negroes
and whites anu imposes a fine for eavesdrOppng
over :: telephone
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18
SENATOR NELSON'S SON DEAD.

Colorado Springs Col. March 17.-Henry knute
Nelson son oc United States Senator knute Mel
son of Minnesota died here to-day from consump-
tion after Il long illness, aged thrty-seVen years
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18

II YOU wish stylish eyeglasses cali at Spenceris:
60 new Bisght Toric Pebbles. Now 81 Maiden Lane.
-Advt
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18

GREAT BEAR SPRING WATER.
-Its purity has made II famouA"-AdvI
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18

KEY West Fla. March 1.-THE government
wireless station here has received advlceS from
Havana that a reign of terror exists IN Porr-au-
Prince. A dozen revolutionists were executed
al davbreak March it, Street fights occurred
during the day and there is tear OF a general
massacre of all white people in Hayti- Tho
American war vessels have gone from Guam
tananl, TO Port -au- Prince
New-York tribune., 1908-03-18

Continued ON fourth page.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01

SEVERAL PROVINCES IN LUZON
IN SERIOUS CON-
DITlON.

MANILA, June 1.-Cholera has ap-
parently taken a serious foothold In
the province of Pangasanan. F'OuS
cities, including Dugapan, are in
fected, and the bureau of health is
sending additional inspectors planning
to stamp out the disease.
The entire family of the light keep
err at Dugapan wAs infected, and five
of its members died Their cOnd-
ton was discovered through their
inability to cxtinguish the light in
the daytime
Cholera is also rife in the provinces
in other sections, where many cases
have been reported since January, in
Rial and Zambales. There is no fear
of a general epidemic.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
OPENING BIDS.
County Commissioners Having Busy
Time of 1t Today.

Opening and considering bids for
county supplies. the county commits
sioners have had a busy day listening
to the wrangling of the various bid
ders for furnishing supplies.
Several bids were submitted for
furnishing fuel, the lucky bidder being
Kaufman & Tausick They are to fur
nish fir and tamarack for 81 per cord,
pine for 81 per cord, pine block for $3.50
and slab for $5.25. Kimmerer coal is
to be furnished at per ton. mine run
of the same kind for $135 Rock
Springs coal is also t0 be supplied at
the same figure
Bids for lumber are also being
opened this afternoon and the bidders
are presenting some arguments apropos
the occasion. No decision in the matter
had been reached at 3 o'clock
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
To Give Recital

The pupils of the Fischer school of
music Will give their semester recital
in the Y NJ. C. a. auditorium, Thurs
day night, June 4. Every department
Of the school will be represented and
the program will be varied and inter-
esting The Fischer school has come
rapidly to the front since it's inception
and every pupils recital that has been
given this season has been largely at
tended. The recital on Thursday night
is to be the semester affair and will be
the largest the Fischer school has given
this year. Several pupils of Mrs. Norton
who have hitherto not appeared in
public will sing. The other departments
will be we'll represented and special
ensemble numbers will be a feature.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
INDIAN FUNERAL TODAY.
Charge Eagle to Be Buried In WaIa
WaIIa Cemetery.

Funeral services Of the Charge Eagle.
the Sioux Indian who was killed at
Pendleton, Saturday night, are to be
held from MacMartin undertaking par
lors this afternoon at o'clock.
The services will be conducted uy the
Indians after the true Indian style.
They will accompany the corpse to the
cemetery, mounted on their ponies and
the dirge will be sung by the seuaws
in their tepees while the funeral is go
ing on.
Charge Eagle was one of the hand
soonest of the Indians with the circus
and was one of the best dispositioned
when sober. but when drunk is said to
have had an ugly temper He was a
finely proportional specimen Of the
vanishing race and his features were
perfectly typical.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01

jury in the case Of the inquest of
Charge Eagle, find that he came to mis-
death as the result of blows from a
olunt instrument in the hands of q
party or parties, to us. the jury. un-
Known. The verdict was signed by
}. w. Sauze, as foreman and Charles
Patterson, Thomas Mosgrove, r. r.
Proudfoot, A. L. Willis and NJ H. Ell
lis, members of the jury.
The Indian was ore of band of II
that the -Floto show carries with
them to do special redskin stunt
They have the tepee in the menagerie
tent and are carried as a feature of the
show. They are from the Rosebud res
ervation in South Dakota. The band is.
or was, composed of 10 braves, four
squaws and three papooses.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
VICTIM Of
CIRCUS JOKE
POLICEMAN CASHATT RUNS IN
TWO RUDE CLOWNS DURING
PARADE.

Uncle Hiram and Aunt Lucinda We're
run in this morning. Bert Cashatt did
IL and thereby hangs a tale. 4 tale or
whoa and tale of woe.
Uncle Hiram is a member of the
Sells F'loto aggregation Aunt Lucln-
da' is his wife in the parade and in
the show, otherwise she is Tom Some
body or other. But they are the dope as
clowns. They are the real article.
Their stunt is to get their dilapitated
buggy and older and more dilaridated
horse and interfere with the parade.
They also interfere with anything else
in sight.
When the parade reached Fourth
street and turned over to Alder, Uncle
Hiram" and Aunt Lucinda" were in
the way of everything and everybody.
They were ,lisorganizers and plainly
showed it.
Then it happened Bert Cashatt did
not like the looks of them anyway and
when the parade marshal rode up and
asked that they be run in they were
promptly run in.
Now Uncle Hiram has a choice brand
of rope whiskers. He also has rope
lines Parts of the harness were rope
and the horse had been fed rope for
week. This accounts for the way Bert
was roped in.
Uncle Hiram" tried to drive past
and Bert took the reins from him. He
started up the alley with the pair and
| then Mayor Kellough took hand. The
mayor has his uniform on today and he
kind O wanted people to see him any
way, so he took advantage of the occa-
sion and stepped out in his gold braid
and other etc, etc, and assisted the
rube clowns to their freedom for
which he confidently expects a pass
Bert saw the joke was on him but
he was going to carry it through only
the orders from higher authorities were
| too great and he gracefully succumbed
to the inevitable
Hiram" and Lucinda had another
experience in which some of the bust
ness men figured. Hiram left his
wife" for a moment and the fiery steed
assistance until they came within
range of Aunt Lucinda's smile. when
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
INDIAN KILLED
N DRUNKEN ROW
,.o,EsT HELD THIS MORNING
OVER SELLS-FLOTO EN-
PLOYE.

c,r,ck down in a drunken brawl
about midnight after the performance
,+ penGleton. Charge Eagle, one of the
md of Sioux with the Sells F'loto
how died last night from the effects
,f the blow. Black Eagle, another
tr,ye lies in serious condition at ST.
,,srv's hospital, not having yet re-
Gained Consciousness.
From the testimony given at the cor
oner's inquest by NJ Weber, who has
charge Of the Indians. it appears that
,ha In lians had been mixing with the
1-matflla Indians at Pendleton all day
and that all had been drinking freely.
They were very frienly with the Pen
dreton redskins and some of the latter
assisted in the dance given at the con-
cert after the show. When the show
was ended the Indians all came up to-
wards the car. which was the last
seen Of them until one of them was
found dead.
G 4. Sanders. one of the Sells F'loto
emrloyes. testified that he had gone
into his car when he heard a cry of
Murder" This being repeated twice
he got up and went out and told the
porter to call Weber, who has charge
Of the Indians.
When Mr. Weber came out of his
car he found that the fight was over
and that the two Indians were lying on
the ground unconscious. He called
some more Indians and they were put
into one of the cars and the train i'm
mediately pulled out Next morning he
called Dr. Keylor. who found the In
dian so drunk his condition could not
be well determined At 6 o'clock DR..
KeylOr returned and the Indian died
not long after The other was re-
moved to St. Mary's hospital where he
lies now in a critical condition O.
Dr. KeylOr testified to visiting the In
dian at the car and later coming back
and finding him dead. He also testi-
fed to holding an autopsy at which it
was found that Charge Eagle had been
killed by a blow on the head, causing
hemowhages Of the brain. Dr. Russell
also testified as to the autopsy.
The coroner's Jury brought in the
following verdict: I'VE. the coroner's
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
Funeral Yesterday

Funeral services over Blanche. the
I2-year-old daughter of Mr.. and Mrs
Charles McInroe. were held from the
family home, 735 East Alder street
yesterday afternoon at o'clock. Rev.
Anoreas Bard officiating Six pIaymates
OF the deceased acted as pail bearers
The funeral was largely attended and
the noral tributes We're numerous. In
terment was made in the family lot in
the city cemetery.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
CARD OF THANKS.

We desire to extend our heartfelt
thanks to the many kind friends ana
neighbOrs who extended their assist
ance and sympathy during the illness
and demise of our beloved daughter,
Miss Blanche.
MR. and MRS CHAS. McINROE.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
Warrior May Recover

Black Eagle. one of the Indians who
was Knocked in the head in a drunken
brawl at Pendleton. Saturday night,
is reported much better at ST. Mary's
hospital this afternoon. While he has
regained consciousness he will not dis
cuss the bile except to say that he
is badly hurt.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01

ers the care of the injured man. M,
moved from the scene, but it is not
believed that he has been seriously
home.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
Killed the Dog

Haskell COOne, arrested in College
Place for killing a. dog. pleaded guilty
to the henious offense this morning in
justice court ana was fined SO which
he paid.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
Union Savings Dissolved

An order of dissolution and ,lisincor-
Brents this morning in the matter Of
the Union Savings bank The bank dis
tional bank of Walla Walla.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01

John Hudson, engineer at the Wal
la Walla Steam laundry. was knocked
senseiess in a bicycle collision OH
Main street this afternoon After tho
collision the man who ran info Mr.
Hudsons wheel, mounted his own BIZ
cycle and rode away, leaving to 9TH
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
TOO LATE TO CLASSIFY.

FOR SALE-TEN DOZEN HENS
Good layers; also two hundred
early Matched Leghorn pullets. A.
B. Wadley, Third street extension.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01

they reiterated tasty if not more so.
The clowns were some of the cleV-
the courthouse they are laughing at
Bert's experience yet
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01

Ladies swimming classes June
july and August months. So In
qulre at Y. NJ. C. A. or Phone 1876.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01

LOST-A BOYS SUIT OF CLOTHES
and necktie. Finder leave at this Of
flee. U0)
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
Want to Get Married.

License to wed was issued this
Julit KOlb
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1908-06-01
. CITY NEWS IN BRIEF Z
. >>>>>>>>>>>>
Will Wed Soon

VIII Wed soon
Cecil " Baird and Miss Jamina
Jones were this afternoon granted Ii
cense to wed.