Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1908-12-12
OLDEN DAY SURGEONS
They Were Exempt From Jury
Duty In Capital Cases.
IN A CLASS WITH BUTCHERS

Thought TO Be Too BIoodthirsty TO
Calmly Pass on the Taking Of Hu-
man Life - Exeeutioners Performed
Operations and Acted as Doctors.
When Great BritaIn's statute book
was still IN the Draconian state from
which II was redeemed by Sir Samuel
Romilly and the penalty Of death was
inflicted for the most trivial offenscs.
surgeons were exempted from serving
on jurcs In capital cases.
II must not be supposed, however,
that this was because their profession
was believed to make them too humane
for such work as was then imposed on
jurymeu. We are sorry to say II was
for the opposite reason. They were eX-
empted Oh the same ground as butch
ers. whose occupation. 1t was thought.
tended to make them too bloodthirsty.
This ought not perhaps surprise us,
since two or three centuries ago cx-
ccutioners not infrequently performed
surgical operations. This seems to
have been particularly the case In Den
mark At any rate. we have more
knowledge on this point In regard TO
that country than any other.
IT, Janus some time ago Dr. X. Caroe
OF Copenhagen published number of
documents bearing on the subject. The
most ancient of these bears date July
81, 1879. and Is license issued by
Frederick ii. to Anders Freimut, ex
ecutioner Of Copenhagen. granting him
the right to set bones and treat old
wounds. He was expressly forbidden
to NEEDLE with recent wounds. In
1909 1t Is recorded In the municipal
archives of Copenhagen that Gaspar
the hangman. had received four rigs
dalers for the cure of two sick chill
dren in the infirmary.
In 1898 Christian ". summoned the
eXecutloner Of Gluckstadt, In Holstcin.
to examine the diseased foot Of the
crown prince In letter addressed 10
Ole Worm. leading Danish physi
clan of the day. Henry Roster. physi-
clan In ordinary to the king. complains
bitterly Of the slight thus put upon
him He says that for two whole
months the hangman. who Is as tit 10
treat the case MS an ass Is to play the
Tyre" had the case In hand. and the
doctor was not asked for advice. and
although the case went steadily from
bad 10 worse the executloncr received
fee of 200 rigsdalers and large
silver goblet rewards" says the doc
tor plaintlvely. which the greatest
among us would not have received
had he succeeded in curing the prince
according to the rules of art"
Again. In 1851, Christian V gave n
fee Of 200 rlgsdalers to the Copen-
hagen hangman for curing the leg Of
n page. In 1895 Andreas liebknecht,
the Copenhagen executioner. was In
such repute or his treatment OF dis
ease that he wrote book on the
subject I'm the name OF the holy and
ever blessed Trinity" In 1892 bergen,
an eXecutioner In Norway, was au-
thorized 10y royal decree to practice
surgery
Even up to the early years OF the
nineteenth century this extraordinary
association OF surgery with the last
penalty OF the law continued Erik
Peterson. who was appointed public
executioner AT TrondhJem In 1896.
served as surgeon to an infantry regi-
ment in the war with Sweden and re-
tired In 1914 with the rank Of surgeon
major Frederick |. OF Prussia chose
his favorite hangman. Coblenz to be
his physician In ordinary.
1t might be suspected that this pc
culIar combination OF functions had
it's origin I'm satirical view Of the art
OF healing. but in the records we have
quoted we can trace nothing of the
kind Perhaps the executioner drove
n trade IN human fat and other things
supposed TO possess marvellous heal
Ing properties. He may thus have
come to be credited with skill in heal.
ing. though the association surely rep
resents the lowest degree to which the
surgeon has ever fallen In public es-
teen and social position. Compared
with the hangman. gladiator and
even an undertaken may be considered