The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1908-09-27

a~ssassinated the great Italian, VINO was
to live seven years longer. cnvied ia man
who had died knowing that the cause
to which his life had been given had been
accomplished.
Our author lays stress upon the faot
that throughout % Of the most tangled
and turbulent epoohs Of history haa
zini's ideals never changed. At heart ne
was always for . united Italy and Q re-
| public. At times he could postpone the iat-
ter aim for the former. but never lost
sisht OF it. What he was for Italy he wa
for tho whole world. He insisted on the
brotherhood OF nations. on the para
mount duty Of all nations toward man
kind considered az q whole. He benevod
that whosoever separates families from
families and nations from nations divides
what God meant TO be indissoluble. MAE
Eini looked to Italy to show the otner
nations how to live In freedom and equal
ity, and he looked to Rome to proclaim
now and greater religion Of majestic toll
n Mr.. Holland thinks that had Italy
been freed early in his career Mas0ni
must have become q great religious
teacher, for even rs It was his power was
that OF an apostle and his appeal was 10
the soul az well 40 to the mind. Men who
knew him loved him "a something inner
than themselves, o man closer TO SOC.
one OF His d~isciples.' II Is well known that
Mazzini's personal life was one long rec
ord Of s~elf-devotion. His homo, his Family,
his affections, his comfort. even the most
meaRre necessities Of life. were saori-
6ced To the Italian cause. Nothing was
too much for him to do. nothing too
trivial for him to undertake. could ne
help his country or n OF his countrymen
one iota thereby. Unlike some vaingiori-
Gus patriots, he knew little or nothing OF
envy; he would let any other leader have
the glory Of helping Italy 30 long as the
result was gained. He could bear con-
tinual characterization on the part OF the
English among whom he lived; ne oouio
read what Carlyle wrote: or Italian de-
mooracies and Young Italy's sorrows. OF
e1traneous Austrian Emperors In Milan,
or poor old chimerioal popes In Boulogna.
/ know nothing and desire TO know moth
ing and yet continue Cariyie's friend.
He could bear the sting OF having bis
name coupled with every attempt at
assassination, when az a matter OF TACT
there were few things he abhorred more
than secret violence. Mazzini's idea OF
duty was 90 high and had 80 absorbed
all the petty elements OF mans nature
that he could endure anything for the 'tal-
ian cause.
About sixty pages Of this volume are
assigned to Cavour, to whom more b
to any other Of his oountrymeu Italy owes
her independence and her unity. MAJ
zini had breathed q new hope into Italy.
Victor Emmanuel had given o gallant
leader to her cause, Garibaldi had fought
and conquered. but II was Cayour who 30
fused their efforts as to bring the Italian
people to their goal. As Mr.. Holland
points out, II was characteristic OF Cavour
that he was always the Italian first, the
Minister Of Piedmont afterward. I'm
ouestionably he will figure In history as a
great patriot, but In his lifetime he was
recognized all over Europe as q great
statesman. Our author recalls the re-
mark made by Metternich in his old age.
.There Is only one diplomatist In Europe,
but he 10 against US; II IL NJ. de Cavour.'
Palmerston recognized him . the one
man who could unite his country and foil
Napoleon H.; Bismarck studied him as q
pattern for his own later efforts; Napoleon
III. himself, now his ally and now his
opponent, conceded that Cavour alone
impressed him as a genius Of the first
rank in statecraft. Mr.. Holland reminds
us that his contemporaries could not
always understand Cavour; he 90 oftsn
had to give up immediate advantage for
future gain and so often had to wear a
mask, sven among his own people, that
men grew to believe that he preferred a
oircuitous to the straight path. From the
vantage point Of a later day It is possible
10 see how frail was the skif he navigated
on the perilous seas Of world politics.
Cavour had to make each forward move
In fear lest he call down upon Piedmont
the avalanche Of Europe's wrath. His one
ally, the French Emperor, was as stable
as quicksilver, never two days the same.
The alternate patience and audacity with
which Cavour did ultimately manage to
bring his skif into port almost passes
belief. Cavour did not live to sec Rome
or Venice become part OF the Italian
Kingdom, but It was unquestionably his
work that made those browning trtumphs
possible. He had foreseen their coming,
Just as In the early days, when he seemed
speaking only for Piedmont, he was really
planning for Italy.
Giuseppe Garibaldi. Who was two wears