Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-10-18

other rObber chieftainS of the highland
clans used to drive their stolen cattle,
swine and sheep down here to sell.
There is a cattle market at Carlisle three
times week. held in neatly kept, sweet
smelling stockyards that are ever SO diff
ferent from those we are accustomed TO.
Every morning after the cattle are driven
away the cOrrals are carefully raked
over the ground is strewn with fresh,
clean gravel, the fences are whitSWaS shed
and diSinfectantS are sprinkled every
where.
The Great Annual Cattle Fair.
The great annual cattle fair was held a
few days ago, when the mayor of Car
Isle, wearing his official chain and car
rying his civic wand, preceded by the
sheriff, bearing the mace, and followed
by the sword bearer and other officials,
marched sOlemnly out to the TAR
grounds and, in the presence Of the
miles around, read a proclamation an
nouncing that the fair was opened for
fifteen days, and commanding all citi-
zens to keep the peace. to refrain from
all manner of tumult, to deal honestly
one with another, and to obey the king
and all others in authority. He also ad-
monished them to pay the duties and tolls
upon their transactions as they were &C
cuStomed. This same proclamation has
been read annually at the same place
for several hundred years, for this is the
oldest fair in the kingdom. So long as
history has been written people from all
parts of England, Wales, Scotland and
Ireland have brought their horses, cattle.
sheep and swine to compete for preml-
ums and to sell either at private sale or
at auction on the closing day.
In ancient times Suoh proclamatiOnS
had greater significance than now. The
days of border warfare were strenuous
days, and the cattle fairs at Carlisle
were often taken advantage of to cover
gatherings of conspirators and plots to
raid, kill and destroy.
Tried to Bar Out the Barbarians.
In the time of the Romans the En-
peror Agricola constructed an earthen
rampant, or "vallum," as it was called,
little north of Carlisle, across the entire
country from the Solway firth to the
into the North sea, near the city of new
castle. This was intended to keep the
Scottish barbarians in their own terri
tory. In A. d. 2OS-211 the Emperor Sep
timus Severus, following the line of the
rampant, built what was known as the
AntOnine WALL entirely of stone, eight
feet thick and twelve feet high, with mill
tary stations, eighty in all, at average
intervals of mile and within sight OF
each other. At each station was a garr1-
son of a hundred men, and between them
were four watch towers, in which senti-
nels were always on guard, night and
day, as precautlon
Septmus Severus died at York, Eng
land, where his body was cremated, and
his ashes were carried back to Rome in
golden urn. with pomp and ceremony.
and all the people came forth to pay
homage to the remains of the great
Roman.
Traces of this remarkable wall and of
the military stations may be found at
intervals across the country-its line has
often been traced by psychologists. The
distance in straight line Is seventy
miles, the boundary between Scotland and
England is one hundred and ten miles
long. and the great wall was eighty-four
miles long
Fortified the Border.
Malcolm Canmore, the husband of Saint
Margaret, while King of Scotland, plant
ed a line of castles on the northern
side of the border, and under the pro-
lection of each of them was monastery
where the monks could pray while the
valiant KIN ghtS from the castle were busy
at Melrose. Jedburgh, Dryburgh, Kelso.
Branxholm, Threve, Carlisle and other
places along the line. And they were
occupied by warlike earls, who kept up
a feudal scrapping on their own account
in the brief intervals between the wars
In the eighteenth century these robber
barons were suppressed and many of
them were hanged. Peace has since
been maintained. The clashes of the
clans. the strains of the pibroch. the
features which are described in thrilling
language in the stories of Sir Walter
Scott and the tales of the border no
longer exist. But whoever has not read
of them has something good still coming
TO him.
Carlisle Castles Dungeon.
The ancient castle at Carlisle is still in
very good shape, and is occupied by
military garrison. An old soldier will
show you around and tell you the legends
and traditions of the place. You can see
the chamber where David 1, King of Scot
land and son of ST. Margaret and Nal
colin, died on his knees while saying his
prayers at his bedside. The guide will
snow you the room in which the beautiful
Mary Stuart was imprisoned for a long
time-the table she used is still there.
The dungeon is the most perfect eX
ample of that kind of horror have ever
seen. The drip" which was used to
torture prisoners and drive them to
distraction by allowing drops of water
to fall upon their heads. is still there,
and there is a sweating stone in the
wall-a stone that is always moist being
very porous. and thirsty prisoners have
licked it with their tongues until it is
polished like an agate.
Carlisle has a beautiful old cathedral.
in which Sir Walter Scott was married
ana Will WHICH StNeTdl FAMOUS ulNlneS
have been associated The courthouses
| are twin round towers of red sandstone,
| like the Castle of San Angelo In Rome,
with battlemented towers. and they look
| more like fortress or an armory than
| the abode of justice.
The working people of Carlisle wear
| leather shoes with thick soes of wood
which clatter on the pavement with the
same musical effect as 1.-The clang O. the
wooden shoon" of Holland
| Gisland Spa, a few miles from Carlisle.
| is a quiet. old-fashioned watering place
which has seen its best days and is now
visited only by few plain families who
| prefer candles to electric lights and
| feather beds to hair mattresses. but it
will always have a sacred interest to the
admirers OF Sir Walter Scott. because
| there in 1897 he, young and impe-
| cunious Edinburgh lawyer. met Margaret
| Charlotte Carpenter. daughter of a
| Huguenot refugee. fell in love with and