Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1908-06-14

| tHe gram SIOWH, anu Ill que course
spout it to various parts of the world.
They enable the producers to sell dur
ing the entire year and thus prevent
monopoly of information and the form
alton of buyers trusts. BY protecting
he farmers from the tolls of the suurer
and guaranteeing to the man free play
of the battle of supply and demand the
cut-throat buying is not possible BY
their system of future contracts and
deliveries they prevent the slaughter
of prices at harvesting times, esDe-
cially during good seasons. If there
is crop shortage at home or abroad
the exchanges gather the facts and
public buying in view of higher prices
months later gives the American grain
raisers the benefit of a strong advance
just when his grain leaves the thresh-
er. 1t frequently happens also that
strong financial interests connected
with the exchanges carry the load dur
ing periods of financial disturbance
enabling producers to go on market
ing without any serious decline in
prices. This was the case during the
fall marketing period of 1907.
Argentina'S Board Of Trade.
The republic of Argentina, which
started to raise wheat in a SYSTEM
attic manner only IS years ago and
now raises more wheat than does Ger
many, probably furnishes the best IL
lustration In 19O7oS Argentina rails
ed 1S5, 100000 bushels of wheat a
crop Far in excess of any before raised
in that land. To market the surplus
the first shipments We're 100000 to
1000,0OO bushels a week, the price of
wheat dropping as the markets became
Slutted. Some sagacious and enter
prising merchants saw the harm re-
sulting to the farmers, organized
board Of trade, modelled after the Chi
cagO exchange, which successfully
competed with the European buyers
by creating an open worlds market
and in 60 days saved $1,000. 900 to the
wheat growers, reducing the export
figure to 100000 bushels a week.
Crude Methods.
The staple crops are soWn, raised
and harvested in other lands and on
other continets in a much cruder way
than in the United States. The imDle-
ments employed in Asia. Africa, Eu-
rope and America mark the evolution
OF agricultural machinery. In many
parts OF Africa and Central Asia the
wooden digging stick, it's point sharp
ened by being rubbed against stone
and hardened by being charred in the
fire-originally invented many centu-
rles ago-is still employed in forcing
rott-food out of the ground. The Afri-
can breaks ground with his hands and
i'll many parts of the dark continent
men and women pluck the stalks of
corn with their hands or use stone
knives for reaping Most of the Ash
atics use wooden plows. In many of
the continental countries the pillow
consists of crooked wooden stick, to
one end of which is fastened a rude
piece of iron and in certain parts of
Russia the woman is allowed to plow
the land by means of this contrivance
while the men who are usually car
penters and masons betake themselves
to the cities in order to swell the fam
lily income by working at their trades.
Russia uses horses, India bullocks,
Persia camels for harvest work. The
horses in farm work in France are
large, those in use in Russia are small.
| n many parts of Africa the human
backs are used for TRANSPORTING
corn from the fields into the rudely
constructed barns. In Asiatic coun-
tries the iron sickle is in constant use
in reaping the crops, while in many of
he continental countries. empioyed.
Foreign Fetes.
ms matter-of-factness of the Amer
lean farmer while an extremely valua-
bic asset in many ways, spols his
chance of being picturesque. The
farmer in Europe invests his work
with ceremonials and fetes, like those
in France. But, it is the East Indian
farmer who outdoes the rest of the |
world in indulging himself in haryes. |
ceremonies and Festivities. The day |
when the crop is Finally gathered in |
means an epoch in his life Submerg-
ed in poverty as Ne eternally is, be- |
cause OF the usurous buyers. he makes !
the harvest-day period of strenuous |
celebration. The laborers gather to- |
gether under cluster of trees. with !
a supply of wine-which usually is |
homemade in defiance of the excise
rules of the British ruler. They are
dressed in gala CARDS, their heads |
adorned with turbans tied in many |
shapes and including all the colors of |
the rainbow When night falls tho