davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
Says Combine, of Which Closed
Locomotive Shops We're Part,
Aided Panic.
MISSES TRAIN AND DASHES
TO MEETING in AN AUTO
After Speech Candidate Goes to
Yonkers for First OF Series
OF Addresses.
Especial to the Evening star.l

PATTERSON, Oct. 26.-Amid a heavy
downpour of rain, William Jennings
Bryan addressed crowd of 10000 per-
sons on Colt Hill this morning. The
candidate mounted the platform amid
tremendous cheering at 1910 and after
being introduced by Mayor Andrew F
Mcbride. whs presided, began his
speech.
He had scarcely uttered five words
when the rain came down in torrents,
but this did not prevent him from con-
tinuing. He spoke for twenty-five min
utes and at its conclusion was cheered
by the vast crowd for seven minutes.
He said in part:
"Cone- essman Hughes is your friend
and will do as the people wish. He Is
the man for Congress, and I shall need
him at Washington after March 4.
MANY of you here are employed ir
the silk mills, but far more OF you
worked In one or the other of the loco
motive works until the American Loco
motive Company closed them. This
company may or may not be called a
trust, but certain 1t is that it is one
!of the giant combinations which
brought one of the greatest financial
,depressions this country has suffered
in many years.
"Mr. Taft admits that the panic was
due to Republican prosperity. Now, all
of you who believe that the country
was over-prosperous and needed a
panic will vote the Republican ticket
November 8, and all who believe other
wise will indorse the Democratic princi-
Piles.
Our banks throughout the country
have been protected from without, but
no law. cares for you, the depositor;
nothing prevents your being plundered
of your ALL.
Members of the Bryan party said that
this was the first time in the entire trip
by Mr.. Bryan that it rained when he
was talking. The Colts Hill tract had
been selected for the meeting, because
there was no hall in the city that would
begin to accommodate the crowd that
was expected. The demonstration was
gratefully surprising to the local leaders
here
Here's striking example of the
tendency of this county toward Bryan
and the Democratic ticket" said Coun-
ty Chairman Thomas Flynn, former
speaker of Assembly I'VE wanted
Bryan here, and the fact that these
thousands remained In the rain shows
their earnestness for him. think this
will prove In advance that Passaic
county will be found in the Democratic
column next week."
Among the prominent men on the
stand with Mr.. Bryan and DR.. Nc
Bride were Congressman William
Hughes. who is a personal friend of
Mr.. Bryan; Mr.. Flynn, the five Assem-
bly, candidates, the Rev. j. B. Galloway
and City Treasurer Herman Kohnhaas.
The downpour continued throughout
the twenty minutes Mr.. Bryan was
speaking, and at the conclusion of his
address his clothing was saturated and
little streams were trickling from his
CONTINUED on Second Psse.)
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
BURNS KILL MAID
EMPLOYED IN HOME
OF N. {. VAN NESS

Mary A. Miller, the domestic who
was SO badly burned last Friday in the
home of M. E. Van Ness, Highland and
Montclair avenues, died In the City
Hospital late yesterday.
In addition to the burns which she
received about the body the girl inhaled
the flames, and her condition from the
beginning was considered hopeless.
Mrs. Addison b. Poland, wife of the
superintendent of public schools. was
the first to discover the girl after she
had been enveloped by the flames last
Friday. and Mrs. Poland was instru-
mental In saving her from being, burned
alive
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
BRYAN AND TAFT BOTH
SEE SIGNS OF VICTORY

With the Republican and Demo
following the
their chances of
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
Record Made in Second
Trial OF Accused
Wife Slayer.
DEFENDANT APPEARS
IN,COURT WITH SMILE
Woman Was Thrown Into Water
While,Alive, Testifies DR..
Schultz.
TWOiNEW WITNESSES
TO BE USED BY STATE
Boy Who Found Body Tells OF
its Lacerated Con-
diti0n.
IFrom a stafri correspon,en,,, ),

JERSEY CTry oct se r...
tjce made n ,aw ,...s
,,,rv - 49,. ~, quay Wnen
ineouore .. Whitmore,
win the murder or his wife.
Lena whose body was found in the
Lampblack swamp of Harrison on the
morning of December 26th last. was
impanelled in twenty-nine minutes.
Inc courtroom of the Oyer and Ter
miner Court was crowded, although two
constables were stationed at the door
to exclude the curious.
-, a. ous'iee SWayze was
conao,,,, ~ -, an auVisory
Can.rai rsL DIST. attorney
arL cord,,,ts., - lmcSar'er' OF New
ander S;r,nso,, . 80 ease. Aiex- Z
uyho .nnaaras t,.s.in eseii'eo "hltmore,
Fo,Iowi,,s e. ~ IS
Henry Manda,,i,,s 'ua
ron n,aca Tars,s,s 90. s'eeelieiah, os ciil1
yvn,sa, - Ir 49, 10y ,oieiliah'r-Ne. 2,
avanue Iarsas- |s;.... W Ne.' 20 PIP
Post cIerL E17 49,, ~ o. paii ~ Z.
No 4 canrra TT s5,us ~ buyonne,
uiyhlond $50 LIAM auuitur' -
Nathan pr,oa e.. .,e,s 1els Ea'y, no ?,
street Jerse,, Ss,ts, iio Newklrk
waraa,.,~o, ~ -. Aquiiia
straat Iarsa,. c,."' sea Forest
,,ain o,arI, :, g,,., ~. :, r.uWaru ITO
CIV. NJ raho.t 60, osissy
dent Chrtst,an r,.aaa,a. go, 80 -
par.a, ,,,s.s. oi 'ooie.s' %
ceorga III uaJsa, 80. ~ ~, :,
ays,,,a Ta,sa,. S,,,, On nis siia.iu
Napus cIerL ~ r.;efora ,.,,.''s - 80 -.
CITY. NJ ~ Ea,,rara s ,rsa....'.
n,ercbant TX, parnas, ',s..., $50
C,itv. No 10 Ed,ras.a 20, ,es
shon foren,an 1tah A.,,sr~.a
Jersey C-ity
Calm and Cynical
When brought from the Jail Whit
more seemed calm. He wore the same
cynical smile that characterized his
FEATURES at the last trial. His lawyer
go. A,p'7 ueeiaiea he was
and r,dic,,,aa tha te.' = ~ 80 ~. .n au'..a'
tion th.t tha ,,,,o ,a,,, =.
annoysd bin, "i'''S'sSs
The n,ost i,,,,orta,+ 80 49, -.
nesses which tha sta+a ,,as ,,a,,,s ~
find for the ,ast trial e. Nrs o..;,s
Carroll wbo Iivea ~ +ha sa,,,a to,,s,
with the vh;,mores a. prool.Is,, a~d
who tba nroseout;o,, a,,,,aots Iii, h~.s,-
down tba alihi nf tho ooo,,sed ,,,.,
Mrs Carroll is onIv 10 vssrs ola .na
unite corne,v In bis a,ib, yybitn,ora
declared that bis ,,if, Iaf, +ha;,. hr,,s,z
alone NJ A n M an C,briet,nas a., ~
go nm into New york state ~ y,sit
rela lives ana tbat ba ala not SOC s,ss
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
.FAIRVIEW WORKMEN
STAND BY COMMONER,

LINCOLN. Neb., Oct 26.-Nineteen
workmen who participated in the con-
struction Of Mr.. Bryan's "Fairview''
home have Joined in the issuance of a
statement contradictory of President
Roosevelt's recent declaration that the
Democratic candidate had never done
anything to demonstrate his interest in
labor
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
BRYAN.

"All straw ballots that have
been taken in the country
show Democratic gains. This
year the Democrats have gained
in every State. This year there
are marked gains among the
farmers. There are gains among
business men, professional men
and especially among college
men. That Is the interesting
point in this campaign"
what is the reason for this
gain?'
"Only one. 1. think 1t is that
the Republican party, in power
for twelve years, has failed to
meet the responsibility"
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26

IT have campaigned in twenty
one States, and expect to carry
all of them, with the exception
of those south of Mason
and Dixon's line, and possibly
Maryland and Missouri. The
situation looks better than at
any previous time. I shall enter
upon the last lap of the cam
paign with a great deal Of in
terest and enthusiasm"
Asked about Ohio. he said it
surely would be strong for him.
"If I couldn't carry my own
State / wouldn't deserve to be
running for President" he said.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
TO ADDRESS CRAIG DEMOCRATS.

the Thomas Craig Association We'd
nesday night at Central avenue and
Second street, and the following Will
speak; Mayor Haussling. William Har-
rigan. Harry ". Osborne, John w.
Lane. Timothy Foyle.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
BRYAN AND KERN CLUB MEETING.

The recently formed Bryan and Kern
Democratic Club will meet tonight at
the Kruger Auditorium.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-10-26
NOTICE TO rAxpAYERs.

Taxes for the year 1903 are pay able at my
ONCE beginning October 20. 1908.
II you have not received tax bill on or be-
forc that date. duplicates can be obtained at
thv ONCE of the Board OF Assessment and Re-
vision OF Taxes, main hoor. City Hall.
FAILURE to receive bill will in no wise No.
move the obligation from the party assessed.
ROBERT L. ROSS
Adv, .t- Receiver,
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1908-07-17
Legal Notices.


ID fault having been made In the payment OF
certain prolniis ~ secul ed by mort gage, bear
l. x cate Janurr y 1904 ma le by Jefferson John.
ION aud Ezdi-ttr DOM ~ Wife, then of Anne
ia tO@is-lp, Van Bar-l' county, Michigan, ia
John lair "A StUfki- Mciis ali, which mortgage
was recorded In the Cilice of register of deeds OF
Van Buren, county, Michigan, January 2s, 1904, in
iber rs OF mortgages, page 205, and on which more
gage thor is due at the date of this notice, the
OF Sl29.33, and no proceedings at law IN equity
having been instituted TO recover the same or any
part thereoi:
Notice is hereby given that by virtue of the power
OF sale IN the mortgage contained. and according
to the statute in such made and provided, the
land and premises described In said mortgage, to-
wit All that certain parcel OF land situate in the
township of Amena, county of Van Buren,, and
state OF Michigan particularly described follows,
viz: CONNIE nciug IN the center of the Bonfoey and
Pine Grove road, 80 called, at pout eleven IN
rods and eighty. (S) links north of the the north
eighth line of section wenty-eiPht 1873 of township
two (2) south of range thirteen lt3) west, and
ming thence west parall with said eighth line for
ty- three 49, rods; thence due north thirteen and
One-third (13L) rods thence east ,orty t40 rods
and to the center of said highway: thence south
along the center of SAID highway to the
place of beginning containing three (3) acres and
ninety-three 49, square rods more less, will be
sold To the highest bidder at public vendue for cash
at the front door of the court house in the city
Paw Paw, Van Buren, county, Michigan, that be
ing the place for holding the circuit court for said
Van Buren, county, on the list day of August 1908,
at ten O'Clock in the forenoon, to pay the amount
dine OH said mortgage and the costs of this fore
closure allowed by law.
Dated, May l, 1908.
JOHN BLAIR, Mortgage.
A. G. FULLER Findlay, Ohio,
Attorney for Mortgagee Ll3tl
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1908-07-17
Order for Hearing

State of Michigan, county of Van Buren,, SIS.
Al a session of the probate court for said county
held at the probate office in the village OF Paw Paw
on the 24ih day of Jul in the year one thou
sand nine hundred and eight,
Present, Hon. David Anderson J udge of Probate
In the matter of the estate of Miles Shepard.
deceased.
On reading and filing the petition duly verified. of
Roxey NJ. shepard, widow o. said deceased PRAYING
Tor reasons therein stated that administration of said
estate be granted to Frank J. Dodge, or to some
other suitable person.
Thereupou it is ordered that Monday, the goth day
OF july A. u. 1908, a ten O'Clock in the fore
noon, be assigned for the hearing of said petition
and that the heirs at law Of said deceased and ali
other persons interested in said estate are required
to appear at a session of said court TO be holden
at the pro'ate Office in the village of Paw Paw and
show cause, If any there be, why the prayer of the
petitioner should not be granted.
And IL Is further ordered hat said petitioner give
notice to the interested i'm said estate of the
tendency of said petition aud the hearing thereof
by causing copy OF this order to be published in
The True Northerner, a newspaper printed and cir.
culating In said county of Van Buren, for three
successive weeks at last previous to said day of
hearing.
DAVID ANDERSON,
2ot4 Judge of Probate.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1908-07-17
Mortgage sale.

Whereas, default having been made in the pay
ment of certain indenture of mortgage bearing
date the 29th day of October A. d. 1892 made and
executed by George y. Payne of Van Buren, county,
Michigan, to Albert II. Wildey, county and state
aforesaid, which said mortgage afterwards, on
the 21st day of August A. ID. 1898 at four O'Clock
in the afternoon of said day recorded in the office
of the register of deeds for Van Buren, county
Michigan, in liber 40 of mortgages at page 500 and
which said mortgage was afterwards on the 26h day
of April A. ID. 1904 assigned to T. A. Wildey of Van
Buren, county, Michigan which said assignment
afterwards on the 9th DAY of May, A. ID. 1904,
duly recorded in the Office of the register of deeds
for Van Buren, county, Michigan, in liber "a Of
mortgages at page 541.
Whereas the power of sale contained in said
mortgage has, according to the terms thereof be-
come operative and the whole amount secured by
said mortgage is due and payable and the
amount now claimed to be due upon said mortgage
at the date Of this notice ing the sum of two hun
dred nifty and 81 100 dol ars, and suit at law
proceedings in chancery having been instituted TO
recover the debt secured b. said mortgage or any
part thereof,
Now therefore, notice is hereby given that I'm pur-
sua &c of power IF sale contain 4 in said mort
gage and by yir ue OF the statute in such mad
and provided said mortgage viii be Tor, ci Dsed by
sale Of the nor t.ag.d premises, or uch as may
d. necessary to satisfy the amount due thereon
and he attorney fee provided by the terms of said
mortgage and 10y the statutes OF this state. aud
other costs and expenses of said sale provided
by law the premises described in said mortgage
viii be sold at public vendue to the highest bidder
at the north front door of the court house in the
village OF Paw Paw, in the county of Van Buren,
and state of Michigan that being the place hold
ing the circuit court of said county, on Saturday
The 5th day OF September A. d. 1905, at 10 o'clock
in the forenoon OF said cay, the description OF
said mortgaged premis being as follows:
The north half OF the south-w quarter Il of
the southwest quarter [ = of section twenty six
[26l town three L3 south of range fourteen [14l
west containing twenty 20l acres OF land more or
eFs.
Dated this II h day # June, A. D. 1908.
+. A. WILDEY,
Assignee of Mortgage
A. LYNN FREE, Is tl3
Attorney for Assignee,
Business address, Paw Paw, Michigan.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1908-07-17
Mortgage Sale

Default has been made in the conditions of a
certain mortgage made by David II. Patterson TO
Charles j. Monroe dated Aug 1st 1892 and recorded
Aug. 4th 1902 in the office of register OF deeds of
Van Buren, county, state of Mich. in hher 70 OF
mortgages, page 445 and assigned by said Charles
assignment recorded Aug 18th, 1908, In libar "a of
mortgages, page los in said registers office, and
assigned by said George @. Monroe TO George
Graham, assignment recorded June 10th, 1908,
in Hber 80 of mortgages on page 40 in said
registers office, and assigned by George Graham
to August Priebe assignment recorded une 10th,
1908, in liber 81 of mortgages on page 61S in
said registers, office, said mortgage to secure
balance ofepurchase money There is claimed due
at this date Thirty-fve hundre dand thirty-hYe dol
lars, $685. and no proceedings at law have been
instituted to recover same
Now therefore by virtue of the power of sale in
said mortgage and the statute III such made
and provided on Monday the 14th, day of September
1905 at IL o'clock a III. at the front door OF the
court house, in the village Paw Paw, Van Buren
county, Mich, the premises described in said mort.
gage will be sold at public auction, TO satisfy
amount then due, with costs ard attorney fee, to
wit, the following described premises III the city
of South Haven, county of Van Buren,, state of
Mich.
All of lots two, three, four FIVE, six, sven eight,
nine, ten, e even twelve, thirteen fourteen fifteen,
sixteen seventeen and eighteen in block seven, also
all OF lots one, two three, seventeen, eighteen mir
teen, and the east three hfths of lots twenty and
all III Dyckman and Woodlands addition to the
village, city, of South Haven, Van Buren,
county, Mich.
Dated, st. Joseph, Mich, June, 17th. 1908
r. d. DIX, AUGUST PRIEBE,
Attorney Mortgage
Business address
Court House st. Joseph, Mich. 1915
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1908-07-17
Special Notice to Tax Payers.

Section |, Ordin ance No. AZ, of the village of Paw
Paw, entitled "An Ordinance posing a penalt,
for the non-payment Of taxes reads as follows =
'Section l. The village of Paw Paw ordains That
all taxes assessed against any person or property
liable to asses ment within the village of Paw Paw
shall be paid to the treasurer of said will ge on Oh
before the time fixed by law, and in default thereof
three per cent on the gross amount levied against
any person or property shall be added to the
amount thereof for such default and shall be col.
lected in the same manner a. is provided by law for
the collection oftaxes Provided that said treasurer
shall either call upo in person otherwise notify
every person whose name appears on the tax roll OF
whose property is assessed thereon, at least ten 10
days before the expiration OF the time liked by law
for making tuch payment"
Notice il hereby given, according to the above
ordinance to the persons or property appearing on
said tax roll that the additional three per cent. will
be added to the gross amount after July "a, 1908
Ta~es can be paid at any time at the Office of O.
@. Young, in said vi lage.
CHARLES L. YOUNG,
205 Village Treasurer
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1908-07-17
MOrtgage Sale.
Tl3tI

Default having been made in the conditions of q
certain mortgage made by Walter L. Towne and
Ella NJ. Towne. his wi e, to Charles T.. Christie
dated April 18th, A. ID. 19t7, and recorded in the
office OF the register of deeds for the county of Van
Buren,, and state OF Michigan, the 3rd day OF
May, A. ID. 1907, in LibeT IS of Mortgages, page
1913, on which mortgage there is claimed to be due
at the date # this notice the sum of thirty five
1885 OO) dollars, aud an attorneys fee of twenty
tS2000) dollars provided for in said mortgage, and
suit or proceedings at Law having been instituted
to recover the moneys secured by said mortgage, OF
any part thereof.
Now Therefore, 10y virtue of the power of sale
contained in said mortgage, and the statute in such
made and provided notice ls hereby given that
on Saturday, the goth day OF August, A. 1908, al
ten O'Clock in the forenoon, shall sell at Public
Auction, to the highest bidder, at the north front
door of the court house. in the village of Paw Paw
Michigan chat being the place where the circuit
court for Van Buren, county is hoden), the prem
Uses described in said mortgage or SO much thereof
as may BE- necessary to pay the amount due on said
mortgage aud all legal costs, together with attor
therein, the premises being described in said
gage as all that certain lot, piece and parcel OF
land situated in the village of Lawrence, in the
county of Van Buren,, and state of Michigan, and
known and described follows:
Commencing the north line of st. Joseph
street, at the southwest corner of the Grange
property, said point being about one hundred and
thrty-five 1851 ieet east of the southwest corner
of lot number eight (Sl of block number seven ~
of said village; therce north seventy (7O ieet
thence west thirty 1907 feet thence south evenly
(70) feet to said St Joseph street; thence east
thirty (30) feet 10 place OF beginning The above
toned IN sad mortgage aha the annual interest
thereon, as the same shall become due.
CHARLES f. CHRISTIE,
LINCOLN H. TITUS, Mortgage.
Attorney for Mortgage
Business address, Paw Paw, Michigan. [17t!S
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1908-07-17

/ hotitsse sale, james Luuy-N. TX. sawyer
Whereas default having been made In the conii
lions Of certain in enirrs ~ mora ages ealil !
date the Sth Uf December lsbs execute bN Wills 80
X. sawyer. Paw/aw, Mi-htaY,to William a. kodg, 1
of Antwerp, hSh nd wh on mortgage recor, ed
. in tie uiicr % Rister ( deeds OF Van Buren,
County, Michigan, "a lab-r rs on page lgl On TO
.Oi IA, o. De 'pmh 7, 1870, md ais a0rfg zee Was
dnly Essig eG by said William X. hodges - 4 =.
tIinrs, Paw Paw, Mich, & latn OF un. aid
record, H. Iber 81 OH page 6i7 in office OF register
Of deeds ( Van Buren, County, Mich, and on which
mvrlg ge there II claimed 20 be due and unpaid al
the date of this notice the of Five Hundred
FOrty-twO aud went EIGHT nt-hu diedths dollars
S5i 2Slaso attorney fee of Fifteen dollars pro-
vded for ia said inc gage III 10 suit proceedings
at law In equity having been instituted 10 recover
the amouut now due and unpaid or any part thereof
Now tn retore, notice il hereby iyeu that By
virtue of the power of sale sntained In said mort
ange and IN pursuance Of the statute in such case
made and provided, there will be sold at public
auction 10 the highest bidder at the front door of
the court house in the village of Paw Paw, Van
Buren, county Mich, that being the place for hold
ing the circuit court for said county, Saturday
September IL, y( sat one O'Clock pnof said day the
premises described ina said mortgage so much
az may be necessary to satisfy the amount now due
and unpaid said note and mortgage with interest
and costs, said premises being described follows
Certain piece parcel of land III Township of
Antwerp Van Buren, County, Mich, described as
follows CONNER cling at the southwest corner of
the southeast quarter al of section seven II town
three l3l south range thirteen ID west north on
quarter line ffty-nine ana onehalf l59Ls rods
thence thirty two 1872 rods thence south para e
month said quarter line tiftynine and onehaf 5915l
rods thence west thirty-two 1872 rods to place of
beginning containing II acres of land more or less
VIM I'll. MASON, +. p. GRIMES,
Attorney for Mortgage Mortgage
t9-tl3.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1908-07-17
SODA WATER

spilled over crushed fruits, pur-
est extracts, or high grade phos-
phates sparkling Soda Water
sizzling down to its creamy,
frozen heart. Our premises are
cool, inviting, and one glance al
our handsome fountain will as
sure you that "my turn next
means comfort and content.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-31
SUBSCRIBERS OF ROME.
Ancient Regulations of Height of
Tenements and Palaces.

From the ST Louis Globe Democrat
The skysCraper is no modern inven-
ton. says a s.. Louis architect well read
in the history of his profession. In all
the ancient cities where brick or stone
was available high houses, within the
walls of the city. were very numerous
because of the lack OF ground space for
building.
In ire days of Augustus the tenement
houses in Rome became high as to be
dangerous and laws We're passed con-
demning d number of tenement rows and
ordering them to be taken down. while al
the same zine d law was enacted limit
ing the height of all future tenements to
100 feet. For palaces and public buildings
there was no limit
After the burning of the city in Neros
time the streets. which before were no
wider than our alleys. were made broader;
some of them. through the business part
of the city. were forty feet wide, and
some of the great thoroushfares We're
sixty.
The tenement height was lowered to
eighty feet. and a consequence the
city spread far beyond its walls The
average height of ceiling in a Roman
tenement Was a little over i've fest: the
windows were open holes in the wall
stopped in cold weather with board shut
tiers. So the worst modern tenement is
d palace compared with the skyscraper
home of the poor when the empire was al
its best"