The new era. (Walden, Colo.) 1906-19??, 1908-09-17

Great in many ventures. alike Of
war and peace. the trainers OF the
United States constitution were in no
respect greater than in this: That
they were both among the seers and
molders of the worlds vastest self-gov-
erning movement. Considered as an
isolated fact, the Federal constitution
Is a compromise of singular radicalism
and weighty conservatism. Examined
as a product of the days preceding
the famous Revolution.
when France in wrath her giant
limbs upreared.
And with an oath that smote earth,
sky and sea
Stamped her strong foot and swore
she would be free"
1t is a marvelously progressive docu-
ment. Indeed, 1t would. perhaps, shock
some present-day Americans, who are
accustomed to term Alexander Hamil-
ton as an ultra conservative, to real
lie that measured by his time, Hamil-
ton advocating merely the popular
election of the lower house OF Con-
gress, was more essentially Demo-
cratic figure than Is that citizen who
today shrinks from the trial of direct
primary nomination, or even. in an ex-
perimental way, of the initiative and
referendum. Yet Is this not in fact Il
very moderate statement? In Amer
lea, in 1886, while the more immedi-
ate presidents Of liberty loving sort,
outside of the experience OF the colo
MES themselves, were those OF Eng
land they were tied up with numerous
complexities of autocratic fiction and
aggression. The most inspiring prece-
dents for popular selfgovernment then
available were, in truth, to be found
In historic Greece. Those precedents
lay buried in an antiquity of two thou
sand years; they had ruled but lin
tied area, either of space or time;
They were allied with and in sense
founded on the deplorable practice of
human slavery; they persisted In their
pride, and bore with them to the tomb
all save the glory Of mind. spirit and
inextinguishable tradition.
Today, in contrast, we boast con-
tinental breadth of republican life; n
nation spread in liberty and power
from one to the other of the worlds
greatest seas; almost half a hundred
sovereign states united in sovereign
nationality; and behind us the accom-
plished fact Of one hundred and TWEEN
ty years of constitutional self-govern-
ment.
Direct Primary Experiments.
Twenty of those years have fol-
lowed notable revolt against the
purchase and theft of general cleo
lions. That revolt began with the in
PRODUCTION in Massachusetts in 1888,
and has included since the practical
universal adoption of the Australian
secret ballot; and through almost ten
of those twenty years Ito call only
part of the rolD we have been per
mitted to measure the results OF the
trial, either under state laws or par
ty rules, Of direct primary nomina-
lions in such commonwealth as Min
nesota, Oregon, Illinois. Wisconsin,
Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Ken
lucky, Louisiana, Mississippi. South
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia,
and more recently Oklahoma, Kansas,
Iowa, Missouri and Washington.
Within a few years-as part, no doubt,
of the same general trend of life and
thought-more than thirty state Legis-
latures with solemn formality have
expressed themselves affirmatively in
behalf of the election Of United States
senators by direct vote of the people;
and within the bounds of the consti-
tuition, the people of Iowa, Oregon and
Kansas have recently undertaken, and
the people of Wisconsin soon will en-
deavor to impress in advance their
choice for United States senators on
the respective state Legislatures on
which the formal selection Is legally
imposed. The popular self-assertion
thus revealed recalls with force that
IL ~ y
which the people of the United States
Constitutions Electoral College, and
form, the right of direct popular cleo
ton of the President of the republic.
And the end is not yet. 1t is apparent
that the river of equalizing human
life and opportunity, rising from the
Middle Ages with the discovery Of
America, draws ever nearer the uni
versal ocean of self-governing democ-
racy.
Satisfactory Results.
But what have been the results of
the direct primary nomination expert
ment? Remembering always that any
popular law is only an opportunity,
and that its mere letter will kill, I'M
less tue SplilI VI lhe PSOpiS HSSp ~
alive, remembering also the resist
ance of the corruption and intrigue
attempted to be shorn by the direct
primary system-we should not be
surprised at bitter criticism, and even
at the occasional failure of laws Grip
pied by adroit political hostility. Adj
verse criticism there has, in fact, been,
but it is doubtful whether any signal
no;Iura has vet received the record of
general consent. The conservative
New York Nation has testified to the
satisfaction with which direct pri-
mary elections have been hailed in
Minnesota, the earliest state in this
field of experiment. Oregon writers
EXPRESS no doubt of the value and dis
eliminating operation Of their system;
Washington's recent trial, watched
h boon &C not iaped with