The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1908-09-27
a WEEK Ar LEaHoRS.


ri.
Ieghom b stii In her iusty youth, boinR
not much older than our Boston IN the
prosperity which has not failed her dnoe
the Medici OWNED her importance toward
the closs Of the sixteenth century and
fortified her harbor I'LL abe was one OF
the strongest places on the Mediterranean.
With q haxy general consciousness Of her
modernity In mind, ] had imagined her
yet moro modern. and ] waa somewhat
surprised 10 read In q rather airy and
~ironicai but very capable local euidebook
called "su o Giu per Laverno' Cor up
and Down Leghorn') that the place
was settled 2osa,B. @. The author records
this with q smile, and then by q leap
over some forty centuries he fndu frm
footing In the fact that the great Countess
Matilde, then much bothering about In
the affairs OF her Tuscan neighbors
everywhere. gave the IAvornese coasts
to Pisa in HOS. This seems TO have been
the signal for the Genoese eleven years
later to ravage and destroy the Pisa
settlements, but later the Piaans. con-
Hrmed In their possession BY the En-
peror Of Germany, rebuilt and embel-
lished the port. A century later Charles
Of Anjou demolished It and then the
Pisans fortified It some more. Then
In the last years Of the thirteenth century
the Florentines, Lucchese and Genoese
devastated the whole territory Of Pisa
and left Leghorn only one poor little
church. Well throughout the fourteenth
century there were q between these
republics and Leghorn suffered the con-.
sequences. being, as our author says,
according to custom, assailed. taken,
wasted and destroyed But before that
century was out she seems to have four
ished up again and to have received with
all honor Gregory Il. returning from
Ayignon to Rome and bringing the papacy
back from It's long ex ie TO the Eternal
City.
The Gepoese now sold Leghorn TO
Milan. and In lAo, she was sold to France
for $4,000 forms, which seems low for
a whole city, But in less than ten yesrs
we lnd the Genoese back again and
strengthening and adjoining her ct the
greatest rate. 1t was quite time now that
she should be visited by q virulent pest-
lence, and that. having passed to Florence
In the meanwhile, she should have been
oeded without q blow 10 Charles VIM.
Of France. But In q year abe was onos
more In the hold Of Florence and helping
that republic fight her enemies. the
Pisans, and her other enemies under the
Emperor Macmillan Of Germany. More
embellishing, and pestlencs
followed, and In 1910 Michelangelo came
to inspect the new FORTH oations which
the Florentine republic had built at Leg
horn to repair the damage she had suf-
fered. The next year the republic fell,
and Alessandro de- Medici. who came In
master ut Florence. took Leghorn into
the favor which his family continued to
show her TO the end. The nrst Cosimo
greatly improved her harbcr. dug canals
and built forts. but he let the Spaniards,
for q pleasure to Charles ". place garsi-
sons In Florence. Pisa and Leghorn. and
the Spaniards remained SIX years at
Leghorn. In the last year IL the six-
teenth century Ferdinand erected 10 him
self the superb monument With the four
captive corseirs at the corners whose
noses I had failed TO get In range. and In
the meanwhile many great public works
had been constructed and the city deco
lated by another plague. II was now
time for the English 70 appear IN those
waters. and In 1867 they were defeatedb by
the Dutch Oh Leghorn. About seventy
ave years later the grip paid Leghorn
q first visit. and not long after q violent
shook down many buildings
and killed many ONE and children:
but the authorities did what they could
to secure the city In future by declaring
the day q perpetual fast. and forbiddins
masking and dancing on It.
No isaster worth recording befeIl the
city till Bonaparte came with the rights Of
man In 17se and left o French garrison,
which evacuated the place the NEXT year.
terhaying levied q fine Of 2I0oo, 0oofrancs
The year after that Nelson occupied IL with
5000 English troops. and the following
year the French reocoupied It and saoksd
the churches and imposed another hns
nearly as great 10 the FIRST. After the
victories In the italian warn,
they seem to have come back again
and fined the city 2.0C0, 900 francs moro
They now remained Eve years, and IN
the mean time q Inverness, Giovanni
Antonio Giaschi. invented q submarine
boat FOR attacking and destroying war
v~essels, and q Spanish ship brought the
fever. In 1903 Napoleon gave
all Tuscany. and Leghom with II, 70 his
sister Elisa, but when In 1914 he was de-
posed Leghorn was restored to the Tuscsn
grand dukes and gaTTisoned for them
by German troops. an earthquake having
by the general disorder meantime
10 pay 1t another visit. The grand duke
now being driven out Of Florence BY
Murat. he took refuge at Beghorn, which
fell a prey to an epidemic Of typhus.
The first steam vessel appeared there In
1913. and in 1885 the Asiatic cholera; In
la7 a telegraphio line 10 Pisa was opened.
In Is<s the revolutions prevalent
Europe had their eject at
Leghorn. The citizens shared in the
against the grand duke and
among Its representatives +. d.
Guerrazzi, once famous AZ the fret italian
and a man Of generous mind
and heart. who duly suffered arrest and
Imprisonment when the grand duke was
restored by the Austrians. He was
10 fifteen years prison with
hard labor. but later his sentence was
to exile. He lived 10 return
and take part In the Italian unifcstton
In 1880. and in 1850 he led the movernens
making peace with Austria unless