Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-05-29

the extremities of the wings. These ex-
tremities Tor Wings are flexible at the
rear and the structure is articulated at
the limits of the rigid central part. The
parts of the frames extending beyond this
central part. therefore, form plant
framework and are held in any desired
position by wire running from the upper
end of the rear stanchions at the eXtremi-
ties of the wings through guides or pull
leys. near the center, fixed TO the lower
wing or plane.
The wire communicates simultaneously
a spiral twist to the wings of the two
planes. presenting varia bile angles of IN
cidence to the air. the side presenting the
greater angle of incidence being obliged
to rise under the greater pressure result
ing from the action OF the air on this
part. whereas the side Offering the smaller
angle of incidence falls.
To Prevent Turning Around.
This action permits the aviator. by reg
ulating the angles of incidence TO main
tain the equilibrium of the machine. but
THO action tends to make the machine
turn around a vertical axis To counter
act the effect d vertical rudder is placed
at the rear of the machine. movable by
a wire cable. permitting the ruader to ex-
ert pressure on the side of the ma
chine on which the wing offers the small
err angle of incidence to the air. 4 turn
combination of forces acting in different
directions. The inertia of the machine
may be one of these forces and the press
ure on the vertical rudder placed behind
the center of the machine may be the
other.
In the construction of the machine the
inertia of the machine is combined with
the forces produced by the pressure of
the wind on additional vertical surfaces.
consisting of a rudder placed in front of
the center Of the machine and of a fixed
surface. preferably situated in front ot
the center of gravity of the machine.
However, this arrangement is not indiS-
penSable ard a satisfactory couple may
be obtained either by the combination Of
two rudders or by combination of the
single rudder and a fixed surface.
These rudders are to he worked from
drum which operates the other mecnan-
ism and the drums are to be side by size
and with their handles adjoining. SO that
the operator may, If he desires. work both
together.
Friction Brakes Introduced
The resistance of the air would not keep
the rudders in equilibrium in all posi-
tions in which they might be placed. In
maneuvering them the pressure of the air
will sometimes facilitate their operation
for the aviator, sometimes IT will make it
harder. 1t is to do away with this diff
Guilty that friction brakes have been in
troduc ed between the hand levers and the
rudders. The brakes are regulated so as
to take up the pertufhinS action of the
wind force on the rrdderS without being
too stiff for the operator to work.
A horizontal rudder is provided at the
front of the machine controlled also by a
cable, drum and lever.
Instead of maintaining the equilibrium
of the machine by the spiral twisting of
the rear parts of the lateral wings the in
ventors state they can obtain the same
results by bending the front part of the
wings in which case the rear edges of
the planes would he made unbending An
aeroplane formed of one. three or any
number of planes, can be cqulibrated in
the same way.
The form of construction is subject to
variations. One wing could be raised and,
the other fixed. The form of constitute
ton could be further varied by having
the rudders between the upper and lower
planes at the sides of the machine in
stead of In front and behind. the method
of their operation to be the same.