davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

disbelieve the voyage Of st. Brendan
hundreds of years before Columbus,
the so-called Navigate, OF st. Bren-
dan, found in numerous copies in
European libraries. {"
Palfry, another American author
ity, says, The Icelandic Sagas an.
tiquity and genuineness seem to be
well established, nor is there any
thing to bring their credibiIity into
question beyond the general doubt
that always is attached to what is
new and strange Justin Winsor
another Of our American writer's
says, .The researches OF Graah
Nordenskyjold and other explorers
and the studious habits OF Rink
Major and other Investigators have
enabled us to read the old Sagas
with renewed interest and In the
light of corroborating evidence,
Moosmuller in Europeans In Amer
llica before Columbus" 1879, says
THE artless Icelandic authors o
/ the Sagas do not seem to be con
Iscious Of the historical importance
LOT the facts, which they tell AMI
give us plainly to understand tina
another nation. the Irish, mad pre-
coded them to America and eyel
4 JcaJaud ffsalF &
4 These documents, the Iceiapdi
Sagas, were rewritten during tn
4 period embraced between 1887 an,
4 1895. were told by De Costa, 81
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

of Indians.
Left Ericsson, the Viking, in 1902.
certainly cannot be considered. This
horde of seawolves may have left
some offspring along the coast of no
avail. He rather boarded the Atlantic
coast to destroy, than to build up
and civilize. Yes, I calculate that he
in his ravishments, drove the peace
full Indians of mixed blood, living
in the new border states, into the In
terror, from where and from what
time their restless migrations COM
menced.
Driven by hostiles of genuine In
dian type, from one place to anoth.
er further north, they finally, dur
ing a wandering of about five cen
turtles, came to the region of the
Heart river, where they lived peace.
fully in fortified villages for many
many years, and where at preseni
/ all their reco1lections and early ira
ditions eliminate.
We ask again, "Where then. die
the Mandans come, or rather origin
ate from?p Nobody has solved th,
question which ! am trying to stii
UP by my strange suggestion, barr
OF all proof, but just as acceptable
as the Madoc or any other theor,
SO far advanced. claim that til.
Irish were the first discoveries ant
settlers in North America, and til,
first ones to teach christianity an,
bring civilization to the natural,
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27
WHERE FROM? By snuec 1andan Nd

teaching of the civilized whites made
them hostile. Prince Macmillan,
the most learned and most reliable
author on the Mandans, declares
that their facial angle was not any
smaller than that of Europeans.
These facts, speaking for themselves,
raise our curiosity and lead us to
conclusions. Still we can consider
them but dim traces along the
thread of our argument in the 1aby-
rinth Of conjectures. But let US
look back to the past. There are
writer's who give us the time of the
migrations of the Mandans from the
southeast to the Heart river in the
sixteenth century. After that early
period they had no further inter-
course Of any remarkable conse-
| quence with white people, of fair
| complexion The trace Of relation
ship with the latter had remained.
That fact proves again, If we reas'
/ onably argue, that a former inter
mixture with white blood necessar
lily must have existed for centuries
to leave such a visible impression as
observed and described by Catlin
i For centuries! Yes, 1t took cen
4 turtles to extinguish these notable
4 features generally. Consequently
Prince Madoc Of Wales, who Is his
torica1Iy known as the importer d
1 Welsh immigrants to North Amer
lea In 1140, was given the credit d
.ibeing the originator OF new tribe
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

dependent citizens generally. 4 most
heartily Join in urging the import
.ance Of cooperation. hope that
every disinterested private g citizen,
whose sole concern in politics Is to
have the right kind Of man carry
out the right kind Of policy, will join
in backing up your committee as
well as the national committee in
this movement. No service Is as.
effective, as valuable, as the disin-
terested service given in such a man
ner by men whose one concern is for
the triumph Of the principles in
which they believe; and, Il appeal
with all the strength there is in me,
to such men to give such support
Sincerely yours,
5a5 THEODORE ROOSEVELT
"A Hon. VIM. B. Me- inley, Chairman,
Republican Congressional Commit
tee. st, James Building, New York.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

President Roosevelt has written
the following letter to Congressman
Mckinley, chairman of the Republi-
can Congressional committee, and is
one of the best reasons why voters
should support Mr.. Taft, and is at
the same time, an excellent EXPOSE
ton of what has been accomplished
by the Republican party in the past
seven years. The letter follows: 80
My Dear Sir: I have received your
letter of August 2Sth. agree with
all that you say as to the amount
of Affirmative and constructive leg
islation for the social and economic
benefit of our people which has been
accomplished by the congress during
the last seven years. The law estab-
fishing a national system of irriga-
ton was of vital Importance, and
stands in it's line as second only to
the homestead law. The Interstate
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

American writer and by MoosmuI-
Ter.
Farnam, another American writ
er, says: The sagas are open now
to our inspection and we run little
hazard In accepting them as abso-
lutte facts" These authors are
quoted by De Roofs authorities.
These Icelandic Sagas as well as
the ancient irish MSS, Betha Bren-
ain and as several other ancient Ir-
ish manuscripts tell us of the early
navigations and discoveries by the
! Irish, then strong and well
equipped sea faring nation. who,
latter the conversion to christianity,
Iby st. Patrick, swarmed in religious
zeal all over the Atlantic, to Ice.
Hand, Greenland the Farce Islands,
and to the Atlantic coast OF North
America. The Betha Brenain even
is SO accurate Units record as to tell
us that st. Brendan set sail on the
22d Of March, 5s5 A. D., and steered
! his course southwest till the gulf
stream carried him to the Anneri-
can shore.
The learned Dane Rafu says eve
can have no doubt that great ire
land was settled before the year
1000 by a christian colony from ire
land. z
i There exist early maps Of Sc.
\ Brendans Land, embracing the mod
ern states OF Florida, Georgia, the
tContinued on page q.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

s In reference to my previous article
in the Bismarck Tribune of Sept. 10,
1908, Where Did the Mandans
Come From" wish to enlarge a
little ON that question involved, to
show that. my theory expressed on
their origin is not an absolutely
wild and vain Illusion, but that it Is
based on a foundation at least as
solid as the one on which the Ma
doc theory stands today.
OF what I will present to the
readers in general and more urg-
emily to the scientific world, very
little is known in public and even
in higher educational circles. y
take my statement of facts from
The irish World of February II
1906, while the idea combined will
these facts, or rather bred by those
facts. is my own original one which
i would like to see reasonably crit
cized. It lis acknowledged by Geo
Catlin enthusiastically, as also b.
other earlier travellers, that Thu
Mandans were a peculiar rae
amongst their typical black haired
dark eyed Indian neighbors; tina
some Of their eyes were gray, gray
ish blue, hazel brown; that thei
hair was Of lighter shades and
silky, like the white mans or wo
mems; that they were naturalI
friendlier to the white people, as !
secret tie OF relationship attracts
them, until the Ill treatment an
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

made the clothes furnished discharg-
ed prisoners and thus a large saving
is made over the old system of buy
ing the outfits as occasion requires.
Each man is supplied with good
suit of clothes-such a suit as would
cost about SIS or $1S ordinarily in
the retail market, a suit of under
wear, shirt, collar and tie, stockings,
shoes and hat, all of very good and
substantial quality. By buying these
things wholesale and making the
clothes, the institution is enabled to
outfit a man for the small sum of
$S.s5, which, considering the quail
ity, is remarkably low. <.-
The new cell house is an exact
duplicate of the old, with 100 cells
in the center, except that a four-foot
space has been left between the rows
Of cells thus facilitating the arrange
! ment of the plumbing at the back Of
each cell. These new cells are each
provided with small watercloset and
washing fixtures and the solid con-
crete brick walls painted with white
enamel paint, making them vermin
proof and easily cleansed. In the
new wing. the entire front
| Of the cells will be barred with
iron so that at all times the inter
ior is open to inspection Of the guard
Theatwo cell rooms will be thrown
into one when the work is completed
the cell clusters being separated By
about thirty feet. The new eel
house is being very substantially
built, stone trimmings taking the
place of the mortar finish used il
the old building. The structure /.
1 built of concrete brick made by tht
prisoners, as are also the cells, and
there is no woodwork of any kind
i in the structure. The work, save !;
| few mechanics, is being done by TIL
conyicts. The old heating system II
all the buildings has been replaces
by the Webster vacuum system, an,
is large enough to provide for futur
needs. sats"
) The hospital is two stories an
basement high, and built in the shap
, of a cross. In the basement ar
) 40 cells for overflow from the mai
+, cell house made necessary by tn
E late crowded condition of the latter
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

en- floors wherever possible, only as
little woodwork as can be got along
with remains. New plumbing has
replaced old and Anticipated systems
and throughout the culinary depart
ment sanitation has been the first
consideration, and yet there is
great deal left to be desired and
which will undoubtedly be provided
for by: later appropriations. A large
brick bake oven with a capacity of
500 1oaves at a time, has replaced
the old iron affair of half the capac-
ity, and a great saving in fuel and
labor has been achieved. A new
cream separator not only supplies the
institution with cream but has so
increased the supply over the old
fashioned "rising" system as to en-
able the institution to sell enough
to pay for the machine the first two
months. . ., .. ..~ -.
A famous root cellar has been pro-
vided into which a streamEof water
may be directed for cleansing purpos-
es, when empty, and the place
washed out in a twinkling. Thus in
all this region improvement has been
the order of the day with resultant
financial and hygenic benefit.
In the large building erected two
| or three years ago, which is probably
50x120 feet in size, the basement is
used for the kitchen, officers dining
room, storeroome, refrigerators and
other purposes along this line and
| the neatness characteristic Of the In.
stitution is here apparent. The sec.
ond story of this building is at pres
ent used as combination dining
room for the convicts and as a chap
Ell. The third story, designed u1ti
mately to be the chapel, is now usel
as a sleeping room for the more
/ trusted convicts owing to the crowd
ed condition of the old cell house.
| The original cell house contains IS
u cells in four tiers arranged in tn
}, center of the long building, and i
|; about the same as it has ever been
Here are. located the barber shop
: and tailor shops both under tn
!, charge of Joe Remington, lifel
: who has mastered these industrie
and is a master tailor by this time
: and also model prisoner. Here ar
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

While all know that the state pen
itentiary in this city is quite an in
stitution few realize to what a great
extent it has grown in the past few
years or that it now has population,
including officials and civilian work
men, equal to many of the small
towns of the state.
1t is not so much that crime in
creasing rapidly in the state has
caused the large increase in the d.
mansions of the penitentiary as that
modern ideas have come to prevail
regarding the proper maintenance OF
all state institutions and where cheap
and inadquate buildings and appur-
tenances suficed years ago 1t has
come to be recognized 81 that good
buildings and the best of everything
relating to sanitary matters is the
cheapest in the end.
Thus it is that the last legislature
provided large appropriation for
new buildings and alterations which
have since been made, and the visitor
to the 'tpen" Of a few years ago
would scarcely recognize it today.
Many alterations have been made
in the system of registration of the
prisoners which tend to simplify
it and condense in small space
the daily record, almost, of each man
incarcerated in this penal Institution
Loose leaf records and indexes have
been substituted for the old fash
toned big books and one small vol
ume now contains the entries requi.
site for all inmates, and one page Il
now all that is necessary for the rec
ord of man serving a life sentence
unless his conduct is such that in
Vulnerable black notations are need
ed. Thus, while most of the prison
ers have but one page, there arr
some who are constantly needing ex
ira leaves for the registration of theil
infractions of the rules, or for othe
misconduct.
al Beyond the Offices and inside tn
prison a great many changes for tn
better have ben made withlthe fund
furnished by the recent legislature
In the old officers quarters add
tiona1 windows have been cut and tn
dormitorfes are made much health
Ter and pleasanter in many ways
Concrete has taken the place of wood
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

The first story is devoted to
two large ward rooms, the reception
rooms and offices. In the second story
are living rooms for nurses and a
number of small rooms for certain
classes of patients. The building is
handsomely finished in natural wood
and very complete in its appoint
ments ~
There is a shoe shop where the
shoes are made and repaired for the
convicts and adjoining is a harness
shop where harnesses are repaired
and made, both shops being worked
by convicts, and some very fine work
turned out. '.t
The laundry is very complete
affair and cares for all the work in
this line of the institution, the con-
victs therein doing excellent work.
Only part of the Irvine plant is
being worked at this time owing to
the great need of men in other lines
of work just at this time, but after
the cold weather sets in a full force
will be employed. There is a great
deal in this plant to interest the
visitor who has never seen how
! Irvine and rope is made. -
A large track scale has been put in
for the purpose of weighing inship
| ments Of coal and other bulk pro
ducts and weighing cars of Irvine
1t has a capacity Of 100000 pounds
|, An additional boiler has been plac
ed in the large boiler house, making
three in all, and thus giving an op
portunity to clean one while the 9th
ers are on duty, and guarding agains
breakdowns. z:..., 81.
A greenhouse of moderate size II
attended to by Maloney, life man
and it provides flowers for the build
ings and the many flower beds abou
the grounds, inside and out. h.
A saw mill has been rugged up a
!, the rear part Of the pen inclosur
: and a great deal Of lumber has bee
I sawed from native timber, whic1
lumber has been used for many pu1
! poses where good quality is not Is
Q sential. @l
g The sewerage system of the entir
a penitentiary plant has been gon
9 over and a number of changes fo
!. the better have been made, neces
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

STATED by the numerous new build
ings, and when all is completed it
is thought the expense Of running the
garbage crematory will bedispensed
with as with enlarged pipes and the
rearranged fall the sewers will be
able to carry off practically all sew
age.
A short distance to the north of
the pen enclosure is the new brick
plant of the institution, and this
alone is quite an undertaking. For
the kind of brick made-what is
known as the slop brick-the plant
turns out a very good product. It
required a great deal Of work to re-
move the old plant to the new loca-
ton, level off the fiat, build the kilns
etc. But now the plant is ready and
supplies hundreds Of thousands of
brick for the open market, ready
sale being found for all the product
not used in. the penitentiary itself.
There is very fine bed of clay and
underlying it is a bed of fine sand,
SO all the ingredients are right at
hand. A side track is being laid be-
side the kilns from the 500 line, SO
shipping facilities will be of the best
land most economical. s. ..;- .s@ss y.
The penitentiary is also quite a
farmer, having nearly 1000 acres un-
der cultivation in one way or anoth.
er, in addition to the 40 acres being
used for experimental purposes for
the agricultural college. One hun
dred acres Of winter rye shows green
near by and considerable interest is
shown in this particular crop, the
growing of winter rye being some
what of a new thing in this state
There are acres and acres of garden
truck raised by the conyicts every
:, year and fresh vegetables form 8
large part OF their diet.
i There are several hundred head d
} cattle raised by the prison ant
graised on the rich prairie grass
besides hogs and sheep, thus reduc
I ing the cost Of meat to the minimum
The visitor to the offices of the pei
and to the warden's residence ar
) struck with the handsome Flemisl
, oak furniture noted on every hand
These pieces are the handiwork o
J p. A. Robinson, one Of the note
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

Sawyer bank robbers, and no hand
somer or better designed furniture
can be found in the best shops in
the country. Robinson's work in
cludes extension dinner tables, book
cases, center and library tables,
chairs Of all kinds, magazine racks,
and in fact all nature of things made
Of wood for the use and adornment
of the Office and home. All the fur
niture now used in the officers quar-
tiers was made by Robinson, and no
matter what kind of wood was used
the work will bear favorable COM
parison with the most costly in mis-
sin design, his taste seeming to run
to that style.
There are 214 prisoners in the pen
itentiary at the present time and
among the number are found men of
all trades so it is not to be wonder
ed at that the officials have been
able to utilize the talents Of these
men in supplying the needs Of the
establishment in many ways and not
only effected economies but helped
solve the problem of employment for
the men. 81 h .s. 1. 4 .s.5s 4.
Warden Hellstrom and his assist
ants are most accommod ating Off
Gals and seem glad to crafty the
desires of visitors to see the institu--
tion. The warden takes .aapersonal
interest in the spiritual and physical
cal welfare of his charges and is.
making good in his trying position.
4 His courtesy in enabling the Tribune,
man to visit all parts OF the institu--
ton from cellar to garnet, taking up
an entire afternoon of his time, is
fully appreciated and thanks are re-
/ turned. $i
J The state has reason to be proud
of its penal institution. It has been
! fortunate from the very start in haY-,
ing men at its head who have taken
deep personal interest in its man.
4 agement and, in the words of one.
who has had much to do with pris-
ons in this and other countries, '.the
i North Dakota penitentiary comes
i very near, on smaller scale, ap-
4 preaching In design and manage
4 ment the government penitentiary
D at Fort Leavenworth, which is con-
I sidered model" ss
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1908-09-27

The hospital is two stories and
basement high, and built in the shape
of a cross. In the basement are
40 cells for overflow from the main
cell house made necessary by the
late crowded condition of the, latter.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1908-12-10
DEAD EMPEROR'S BODY
NOW IN MORTUARY
Transferred from Hall In Forbidden
City With Brilliant. Barbarie and
Weird Display.

PEKING, Dec. 9-The body OF
Kuang Hsu. the late emperor of China
was today carried with much cere'
mony from the hall in the Forbidden
City. where it has reposed for the
last week. to the Coal Hill mortuary
1t will there continue to lie In state
pending the location and construction
Of the imperial sepulchre.
The funeral cortege, brilliant. bar,
barrie and weird in the eyes OF Wes
tern observers. was led by Prince
Chung the regent. For short dis
lance from its starting place as i,
passed through the streets Of the i'm
perial city. thousands OF mOurners
knelt in the dust until the coffin was
no longer TO be seen
Personal Belongings Burned.
In accordance with an ancient Gus
tom all the personal effects. clothing
costly furs, etc. belonging to the late
Kuang Hsu have been incineratcd.
This work has been going on for
week past.
The property thus destroyed was
worth a great deal of money.
| II Is estimated that the post NOR
| tenn expenditures in connection VIII
i their late mapcsties will amount to
at least 5000. OGo taels. equal to 81.
900 200. This sum will be paid by
the beard Of finance and the board OF
rights. but a large contribution TO u
will be obtained also from the treas
ury OF the late empress.
Was Immensely Wealthy.
Her majesty is reported to have
left fabulous wealth behind her All
this property reposes in her personal
treasury. the building tina, was guard
ed by General Anda r. Chasfee. L. s
A.. In 1900 when the allies were In
. Pcking.
This wealth has become the proper
" OF the prince regent. who has ad'
yised that II be invested.
ee Buried Next Spring.
The dowager empress Will be burt
81 in the spring when her mausoleum
shall have been completed.
Her obseauies will COS. as much %
have those OF the emperor.
According 70 statutes recently made
public. the prince regent has been
given full imperial power.
The people regard him as the en-
pcror DO sacfo. and the enforcement
will take place at the end o! tho
period Of mourning.
An edict recently promulgated BY
tho throne puts an end TO the core
monies that have been performed
from time immemorial every time
there was an eclipse OF the moon.
These repeated sdic;s issued In tho
name ~ the dowager empress show
tina. she IL holding her position AZ
head OF the imperial family In the
conduct OF palace affairs.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1908-12-10
SEALED PROPOSALS.
OFFICE PURCHASING COMMIS-

OFFICE PURCHASING COMMlS-
sary L. 8. Army, Newport News.
Virginia. December .. IS0S.-Seaied
Proposals in duplicate for furnishing
and delivering subsistence stores in
this city during the month Of January.
1909. In accordance with the specifi-
ra,ionS OF the Commtssary General.
Washington March %. 1905. will -
received a: this once until eleven
O'Clock A. NJ. Saturday. December IL,
1908. and then opened. Information
furnished on application. Envelopes
con: aiming bids should be marked
Proposals for subsistence stores
opened December I2. 1tue." and sa-
dressed to CAPTAIN J. y. KIILAN.
comm,Ssary L. s. Army. 12-2-st.