davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01
The Ideal TiIih

IL is from capillary water that
agricultural plants, Tor the most
part, obtain the water necessary "a
their growth. In order that they
may make their best development,
the soil must he in such physical
condition that the roots OF plants
can readily penetrate it and ramiiy
thru It; II must contain sufficient
capillary water to supply the needs
OF the plants; and this water must
he renewed as 1t is taken up.
There should be no large air spaces
since these cause the soil to dry
out readily and prevent the dcvel.
opmcnt oil the many fine branching
rootlcts necessary 10 the best
development OF plants. 1t is some.
what diihcGlt 10 describe in words
this proper mechanical condition
OF the soil. 1t IS porous but not
loose; firm but not hard nor con
solidated; closc-grained but not
run together nor adhesive. The
ideal condition is that OF n good
loamy soil which has been thor.
oughly pulverized when in best
condition as to moisture and has
then been hrmed by pressure.
The pulvcrizing breaks the soil in.
10 gTanules which the pressure
brings close together without de-
stroying them. The soil still has
n mealy or crumbly texture. In
such a soil the roots OF plants
make their best development. In
such a soil too, beneficial bacterial
lite finds IT'S most favorable envi-
ronment. Such soils will take up
and hold the most water, not as
water is held in a dish but rather
as II is held in a sponge. II is Tree
to o under capillary forces and
yet il does not exclude the air, nor
interfere with any OF the vital,
chemical, or physical processes in
the soil but is conductive to them,
The capillary water IN such a soil
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01

row, OF III, disk harrow followed
hy tho spIk, tooth harrow, nDull
also b, used IN summer .uluur. M.
tended 10 CDusoIF, mDI.Iur, tor "A
iulur, crop When the plant. At,
too large t. hc cultivated wtlh tho
harrow, any Oi ia. MODERN dlunI,
c%uiuvators vail DO good work m
~CultyatIng corn and mular crrps.
but when equipped with gang. IT
three to tyr narrow shovel, tn #
throw III" sod but %IIttlr, they ar,
stlll more ,lhDIcnt Tor ,grlac, chi.
uyatIun, uulrs, the ground ha, b,.
come wccdy from inability to rul.
tIvatr 1t because Ut IN, vet wealth.
~. liIadclrk, shovel, that un
nearly horizontal and cut oft thus
LAYER o. soli ar effective unirg,
there he too much trash. These
blades al be- 50 adjusted that the
SOIL Will pass over them, forming
a loose layer, winch ON driving viii
protect tn" moist son below.
In %culuyatIng tho soil a. thuroly
and frequently a. tn best farming
requires, the labor wIll progressive
unless tools be- used that enables
a ma" 10 cover a llru, area IN A
day, Plenty OF team power should
b. available on a modern farm, and
three u tour good horses To ono
driver ar more economical than
two when the land Is such thar
large tools can be- successfully
operated, Farming with one bors,
80 a man IS poor rcouom, and viii
absolutely prevent thu good farm.
my necessary TO conserve the soII
moisture.
The disk harrow and the splkr.
tooth harrow have already h,,p
suggested tor certain knds OF work
No better tools need br desired for
thc work Tor winch they are de.
signed. They are made IN ,ilrs
Tor two horses and tor tour horses.
In using the disk harrow It should
hc lapt hallway IN order To lray,
n level surface, DISK, IL 10 ia
inches IN diameter do better work
Than those OF greater diameter, but
the draft IS heavier. Except m
special cases, double culuvators.
or lwJ row culuvaturs should II,
used. Single culttvltors are u.s..
lnl IN %cultlvating crops that have
become too tall Tor the double cul.
nvator and IN small areas, a. IA
truck farming, but no tool OF less
capacity than thu double c%ult.yator
should he generally employed IN
field work.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01
EMrcis Of IiIIAar.

Proper ulIage has two important
effects. FIRST, the soil Is brought
into the desirable condition alrrad,
described, so that there will he q
deep, mellow, hut firm seed ana
root bed to absorb and store the
rainfall and to prepare plant TODD,
and, second. the loss OF water II,
evaporation from the soil Is pre-.
vented rs tar as possible. Tn,
operations OF tlllagc may be con.
sidcrcd under two heads the prep.
aration ol the seed bed, since It Is
universally applicable, tut thcr,
are special cases where draining 1,
the first requisite IN bringing tn,
soil into condition.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01
Tools Used in Cultivation.

The implements employed in
cultivation vii! vary somewhat
with the crop and with It's stage OF
growth. Tillagc OF ground before
the crop is up and when the plants
are very small, especially listed
crops, should be with the spike.
tooth harrow with the teeth set NJ
considerable slant, Weeds are
most easily destroyed when they
are coming up. The harrow Is
very useful Tor this purpose and at
the same time 1t produces the soil
mulch. A distinct advantage in
the use OF the harrow is the rapid.
lty with which the ground may be
gone over. The spike.tooth har.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01
Condition., In the SsmrAud Regions.

Regions generally called semi.
ard receive less than 20 inches
average annual rainfall. Except.
lnp hmnt'd areas IN the Northwest
aud some parts OF California, tins
include, Tho whole region west OF
TIN uIu'ty.nInth or cnr.hundrrdth
meridian. In Nevada and Cali.
iurnId are limited areas with such
low rainfall a. to Toe truly and,
In thu lnturmountain valleys the
precipitation tor the most patt Is
duIIug thu winter months. In the
plains region thu greater pari Il
the annual rainfall Is during the
spring and summer months.
SPEAKING broadly and comparing
large areas, It has been cstimaIrd
that 80 per cent OF thu rainfall IN
humid regions run OF in the
streams. \ portion OF tins con
slsts ot Hood water, which run OF
the suriaCc and do not rntcr IA,
soil, but a large part IS subtrrrnn.
can water that hnds It's way 10 the
creeks and streams from the lower
depths Ut the SOIL. ESTIMATING IN
the samc way, It is believed that
about 10 per cen OF the rainfall Of
the plans region runs OFF IN the
streams. For tho most part tins
consists OF storm waters. Their,
are lrw springs, and the streams
generally cas- running soon alter
rams. II the rainfall be IS inches
and In" run.uil be- ten per cent.
about 10 inches OF rain viii have
entered the soil. However, IN
some portions Of the scml.arld re-.
glons and during some years IN
any portion, th, rainfall may II.
no more than 10 or ~ inches. For
the most part The soils OF the plans
region are loans OF cXccptiou,l
ivttlllty, when sufficiently watcrrd,
! he 10 inches OF water ahsorhrd
would satuTatc these soils with
capillary water 10 a depth of : ,r
y iect II none were lost between
rams hy evaporation. The rams
mo'sl"n tho surface TO a depth de-.
pending, oi Coursc, upon the
amount OF rainfall, but the mos.
tnr' Is always confined To a lew
let OF the surface soil. II rs dur.
ing exceptionally wet casuns only
mat dfy soils a not he found AZ
a depth OF ; OF I lcct. The cnnd,.
llnns are SO different here from
NOSE ~ humid climates that II rs
u''hcnll lully to realize them aud
'he'r bearing upon farm practise.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01
zeal Estate @dR@@s - e.. II. de YAMPERI :: "%"M %am@

and the mineral nutrients 1t con.
tains are readily reached and al.
sorhcd bv the extending roots Ut
plants.
The soil as n whole is general,
dryer when the crop natures than
It was at seeding time. Ia thus
case all the rainfall during thu
growing season has been lost from
the soil aud from the crop, aud
some oi the water already ~ thu
soil ut seeding time has likcwls"
been lost. This hring true, = con
dition OF soil that will take NJ thu
greatest proportion OF rainfall and
will dispose OF it as capillary water
is to he desired.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01
Nsnasemeni 81 Soils 10 Conserve Tois
ture.

Prot. George II. Failvcr, OF the
bureau OF soils, in Farmers Bulle.
tin 266, issued by the Department
OF Agriculture at Washington, has
quite fully treated the subject OF
soil management with n view to
conserving moisture and with spec.
lal reference to conditions in the
scmi-arid regions. We wish that
every farmer could have this bullc.
tin and read it carefully. 1t con.
tains a great deal that will set tar.
mcrs to thinking along right lines,
though we are not prepared to ac-
ccpt fully all the conclusions We
reprint below a large part OF this
bulletin by Prot. Failycr, the por.
tons given being that which di.
rectly relates to the subject matter
we have in hand.
The greater par, OF the water
that tails rs rain passes into the
soil. The proportion that runs off
without entering the soil varies
with the compactness and inclIna.
ton OF the surface and with the
character OF the rainfall. The wa.
ter which does enter the soil passes
downward, the tree or gravltation-
nj water which forms visible liquid
layers on the soil grams or occr-s
between them being pulled down
10y gravity. The water held by the
soil PARTICLES against the lorce ol
gravity is called capillary water.
II cannot he seen rs liquid water,
but its presence may h. recognized
by It's effect upon the color OF the
soil. 1t in too great quantity to
be disposed oil by capillarity, the
rain water runs down into the low
cr soil and finally IONS the social.
I'd ground water, also called bot.
tom water, or permanent water,
raising its level temporarily. In
drying weather the capillary water
cvaporates from the surface OF tn
soil, the soil drawing more water
from below, hut not IN sulicicn,
quantity wholly to replace that LOST
by evaporation, and there is, there.
tore, n continual decrease in tn,
content OF capillary water until
another rainfall. The tree or per.
mancnt water may rise into tho sol
as capillary water to replace that
lost by evaporation, and II is con.
stantly running out OF the soil into
the natural drainage channels rs
spring and sccpagc waters. These
several motions OF water all take
place when the rainfall is sufficient
to give an cXccss over what tn,
soil can hold in what has been cali.
I'd the capillary state.
Ii the surface soil he open and
loose, heavy rains completely fill
the pore space OF the upper soil.
When the p%ulvcrized layer is thin,
1t often becomes so soft and filled
with water that this loose layer
washes and greatly injuries n field,
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01
Velocity Of Undsrsrovnd Waters.

The hiehes! recorded velocity OF
und srground waters has iust been
discovered 10y IL. {. Wolff OF the
department OF mathematics OF the
University oil Wisconsin, in the
course OF an investigation which
he carried on in Arizona during
the Christmas holidays. The rate
OF movement oil underground water
in gravel near Tucson he found to
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01

he IA feet in a. hours, while the
highest previously rated hy obsrr.
vcrs was only about TOO feet. MIR.
Wolf was commissioned bv the
chiei photographer OF the United
States geological survey to spend
the Christmas recess giving in.
structlons to the members OF the
engineering department OF the
University OF Arizona in the
methods OF measuring the rate OF
movement OF undcrnow streams.
The University OF Arizona is car.
rying on this work Tor the purpose
OF developing the water resources
Tor irrigation in the ncighborhood
OF the city OF Tucson.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01
Cultivation to retain Moisture in the Soil

Cultivation 10 retain Moisture in the Soil
II the soil reservoir has been
well prepared and rains have hIicl
It with capillary water, ullaur
should he directed TO reducing the
loss OF water by evaporation to the
lowest possible point. The water
that passes thru the plants them.
stlves Is OF benefit To the crop:
that cvaporatIng directly from the
soil rs wholly lost. In spite OF all
that can he done there wall bc loss, $
from the soil IN diving wcathrr,
but these may he materially rrduc.
cd.
\ loose soil with large pores has
low capillary power and wall absorb
hut little water from a moist son
~ contact with II; therefore a la,.
cr OF such soil covering the moist
soil reservoir will conserve tn, wa.
ter IN the latter by dmIrlshmu
direct evaporation from It. 1t O.,
well established 10y the experience
oi farmers rs we'll as hy direct c\.
pcrimrnts that a layer OF luo,r Dr.,
SOIL } or ! inches deep - c~iirctlv,
IN preventing the excessive dryInu
OF soils. II tins mulch be- main
tanned thru the season by proper
cultivation, 1t Is more hrnrhcIal
than a straw mulch. In the course
oi a long dry period It has been
found TO conserve the moisture a.
we'll as the straw mulch, ana there
are several Disadvantages with the
latter. II put on early, the straw
mulch keeps the surface SOL wet IN
III" spring and early summer.
This makes the soil cold, excludes
the ar and causes plants to root
near the surface. When this sur.
lace soil dries out, these roots can
not supply water and the crop sui
icrs. The soil mulch aud the cul.
tivation 10 produce It cause the
plants to root deeply, the arration
OF the soil IS improved, and IN All
respects the effects OF the dust
mulcr are good. TO III, most
effective the surface tillarc must
be- kept up. The SOIL must n, chi.
lIvaird after each rain of a sniff
cicnt amount to puddle the surface
that is, cause II to run toprtb,r and
torn a crust on driving.
Experience has shown that IN,
rapid and comGlete driving Of m,
surface which cnsucs IN some nor.
tons oi the scmi.arId region forms
n mulch which serves To reduce
evaporation from the drcpcr soil.
In some cases II has been claimed
to he as effective as that proauc,d
by tilIagc, but it is less certain and
should not be- relied on, rbrrr.
tore IN dry farming IN tho W,st
as well as in farming under humid
conditions, ullapc to produce and
maintain a dust mulch shouId II.
time II w,Il nav IN ,rr em,II ,aa,I
cultlvator thru the orn altho II
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1908-08-01

CONSERVING OUR RESOURCES

On the average the son OF the farmer OF today must make his living on
his fathers iarm There ~ u - difficulty in doing this u the father will
exercise wisdom No wiscu Use OF a farm cShane,S its fertility - Roosevelt
Los Angeles herald., 1908-11-01
GILLETT's coVINA FROST
BLOW AT STATE MACHINE

Governor Gillett is back home. but
Southern California people are still
talking about the frost" the machine
governor encountered in the south.
1.-THE other day the Los Angeles
Times in it's editorial columns said that
the governor spoke to 1900 people at
Covina," said e. N. Godfrey yesterday.
"I was at Covina on the day mem
toned, saw Governor Gillett's arrival
and witnessed the parade and counted
the 'throng.'
There were forty-four men in line
walking, including the governor; there
were ten autos in line, containing
twenty-men, making a total of sixty
FIVE men in the parade,
"At the gathering in front of the
Vendome hotel were 164 men and prob
ably thirty women.
"'rhe public school turned out and
there were probably 300 school children
lined up to see the governor, but they
returned to school as soon as they had
a glimpse of the speaker.
"Of the 164 men in the audience,
many were members of the Bryan and
Kern club of Covina."
Los Angeles herald., 1908-11-01
SCHOOLGIRL TELLS IN VERSE
WHY BRYAN is THE MAN

Alta Gaynor, 1926 West Thirty-second
street, a school girl, is one OF the ar
dent Bryan supporters in her neigh
borhood. She is for Bryan all the time.
as the following bit Of verse from her
pen shows:
Bryan is the man for me,
No lazy idling man is he,
Always ready to do just and right.
Never wanting to do any one spite.
He Is always welcomed where'er he goes,
And that am quite sure he knows
And as he passes the people say,
Three cheers for Bryan,
Hurra. HurrR."
He is the man that q country needs,
He's not one OF your old hayseeds,
Nor one that knows nothing but to work for
pay,
He is the man for nation, say.
Bryan is the man for me.
No lazy idling man Is he,
He Is the man for nation, I say,
Three cheers for Bryan,
Hurra, Hurra."
Los Angeles herald., 1908-11-01
JEWS LOOK ON BRYAN
AS THEIR IDEAL. LEADER
MARGOLIS TELLS WHY DEMO.
Gratis SHOULD WIN
Foreigners Crossed Ocean to Find
Real Liberty and Republicans
Policies In Government
DIsappoInt Them

'eWhy should the Jews vote for
Bryan?" said Isaac Margolis, the well
known Democratic worker.
''It is well known to everybody that
the reason why we Jews come to this
country is the freedom and liberty we
expect to enjoy, having been SO cruelty
treated in Russia, RoumRnta and some
other European countries under the
autocratic regime.
Coming over here with great hopes
for a good, just government and find
ing the contrary under the Republican
power, we are greatly disappointed.
I'VE must try all we can to help
and vote for a government which will
fully realize our expectations.
such government the Democratic
platform represents.
Consider also the difference be-
tween the candidates which the two
platforms are representing.
"Of course Mr.. Taft is a gentleman
in every respect, but when 1t comes to
politics ycu cannot find In his past
record anything which should make us
believe that he would be capable of
being the chief representative Of the
nation.
From the other side take William
Jennings Bryan He is born leader;
man with the greatest abilities; a
man who is not only highly respected
in this country. but all over the world,
and to such a man we can safely In
trust the management of the country.
That Panic Scare
"This Republican party is trying to
scare the people with the belief that
we shall have another panic as we had
under Grover Cleveland.
"They must not forget that the panic
we had not very long ago and the
crisis we are having at this present day
under the present government is far
worse than the panic we had then.
'What caused this present panic
Only because a few rich men who are
representing certain trusts are man
aging. our affairs with the agreement
of the chief executor.
Therefore we must have a govern
ment where the entire people will rule
and break these trusts.
''William Jennings Bryan is the man
for us and for him we should vote.
Brethren and all foreign people Of
this country, Tuesday next, the Srd of
November, is the day which will de-
eide your fate. If you win vote for
Bryan as our next president you will
never regret it,
Vote early and see that your neigh
Dor votes"
Los Angeles herald., 1908-11-01
THERE'S A RACE AHEAD
between PARTY ENTRIES
Democrats Have Classy Racer, While
Republicans Have oversrown
cIydesdaIe Fed at Gov
ernment Expense

T T. ]. Dofflemeyer Of 2913 LaSalle
street who Is not a horseman, has
written a campaign article which will
be appreciated by men familiar with
horse talk.
Mr. Dofflemeyer read the effusion be-
fore the southwest Democracy, as fol-
lows:
"The Democrats have entered q
classy and finished racer of unques-
toned merit, grazed and groomed on
his native heath.
"He is a healthy, honest, capable
and conscientious worker and is In fine
fettle.
"The course is on the home track
and the Democratic entry is familiar
with every turn.
"He neither SHES nor carries weights
and no unnatural means are required
to hold him down, for he Is level
headed and attends to business.
an his preliminary trials he never
made a break and his owners, the
Democrats, are down on him for their
whole and all.
ION the other hand, the Republicans
have entered an overgrown Clydes-
dale that has been feeding at the gov
ernment crib for 10 these twenty years;
and as a result he is overgrown, some
what heavy and not in the best OF
condition for a race.
Ills owners, the Republicans have
by liberal application of ginger and
oil (Standard) got him in such shape
that he is a pretty fair locker, and the
gaudy trappings of trust harness, tar
iff-laden chariot, party lash and inn
perialistic driver may have a tendency
to make some people believe he Is a
traveller.
"A few Republicans are playing him
for a ringer, but it's a dream.
while the Democratic entry will
be hitched to the carriage of liberty
eagerly champing the bits of bank
guarantee ribboned and driven by the
Declaration of Independence.
"And when you see them in the
home stretch you will wonder why you
ever thought the oyerfed entry could
go, for when he enters the stretch
you'll see the Democratic entry under
the wire tossing his foam -hecked name
of success high In the air"
Los Angeles herald., 1908-11-01
CALDWELL MAKES CANVASS
OF WIGWAM AUDITORS
Finds Seven Voters Registered as
Republicans Who Say They
Will Cast Their Ballots
for Bryan

Editor Herald: Please call the at
ton Of the people spoken of in the
Evening Express, October 20, as to the
poll of the people of the Union Trust
building, which they claim Is largely
for Taft. I wonder If these gentlemen
would like a few more holidays when
script had to be issued In order to keer
off another soup-house panic.
After ten years of prosperity such as
the country never knew and the G. o.
P. in full control, even kind heaven
blessed the people with the most Won
derful crops in the history in this
county.
Still along came another Republican
panic as usual, you well know that be-
fore Harrison went out of office SO, ,000,-
900 OF government bonds were ordered
even the plates were prepared.
The wise Republicans and a few Gold
Democrats say, Lets put Cleveland
in, the panic is now here and Cleveland
being Gold Democrat silver can be
demonetized, that will bring a panic, as
the like will never be known in this
country"
These were carried out almost to the
letter. Now you have carried your cam
paign principally on Clevelands un-
fortunate administration. Even drought
ministration as 1893 and 1894 were the
dryest years ever known In the great
grain belts west of the Missouri river
Well go back little later in the
history to another panic of 1873, when
by trick silver was demonetized with
this dear party in full control. Bust
ness was stagnated; thousands of mer
were thrown out of work; I, myself
saw great strong men on the high
ways staggering like drunken men fol
the want of something to eat.
Now, dear people, you that cry Cleve-
land panic and soup-houses, reflect 6
few moments and see which party has
made the panic.
Now, Til give you my poll at the
Bryan wigwam the other night. 1t was
announced that Stanley Wilson would
speak for the Democrats. Some one
remarked that he had registered at the
primaries as a Republican. One mar
spoke up and said, $50 did l." Then
another and another. till we had seven
that all had registered as Republicans
and were going to vote for Bryan.
We think that that is very good fol
a mixed crowd. Yours truly,
H. CASS CALDWELL,
1913 N. Olive.
Los Angeles herald., 1908-11-01
DOLLARS VS.. HOMES
ISSUE OF CAMPAIGN
SOUTHERN PACIFIC RUSHEs TO
THE RESCUE
Battle Is On Between Patriotism and
Manhood as Against Corporation
Corruption and the Moneyed
Interests

Editor Herald: We are again called
on to join in the impending clash OF
arms between greed, blind prejudice,
graft and kindred allies on the one
hand, and patriotism honor integrity
in happy homes of true American in
tensity desirous of perpetuating Home,
Sweet Home" on the other hand.
Over the wireless" comes the faint
whisper of Hartman that the misdeeds
of Rockefeller, Carnegie & Co. have
SO aroused their guilty consciences and
made them fearful of justice in future,
that they have at the last moment
"opened up their sacks bountifully,
and that the boys" on the Pacific
coast may prepare for a sumptuous
feast on their way to battle on the
fields of Destiny"
We can plainly hear the orders from
this boss Of finance: "Prepare a special
train for the loyal friends and faith
full workers of the Southern Pacific and
fit up specially on this train a first
car for our faithful servants, the gov
ernor, our United States senators, our
dear railroad commissioners our de-