The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1908-03-29

amethyst are In reality all sapphires, and
receive these names solely on account Of
their color.
OF course the Oriental topaz IL q much
raref and finer gem than the real topaz,
80 that the usual idea implied In the word
IL hero carried out a. II h by contrast when
the yellow calmgorm IL called the ooci-
dental topaz.
Tho three former stones really come
under the head Of fancy ~Sapphires. which
10 the trade expression for Sapphirss Of
some other color than deep blue, All
stones except diamonds are called fancies
when they depart radically from their
normal colpt.
Tho bn1ahcy ~ fancy sapphires Ia very
great, hut usually they are among the lees
expensive gems. Most Of the fancy
Sapphires come. from Csylon, but Montana
supplies some very beautiful ones,
Fine old Spanish emeralds' Il a phrase
which means somethin ing quite different
from what II seems TO imply. There never
wss an emerald mined In Spain, but after
the conquest Of Peru the conquerors brought
4 wiz klNdA llullNlNNh VI NODNt. VI WHICH
emeralds formed al important part.
In this way the finest emeralds came into
possession Of the old Spanish families, and
az very few had been seen in Europe previ-
ous to that time all the best o soon
became Chased as fine old Spanish m
eralds. To-day the expression still applies
to tho best emeralds Of any source.
Mo,tapa aaEnkt... -. - At
trade a. new mine ~sapphires as & distinc-
ton from old mine sapphires from other
countries. The best are highly thought
Of abroad. Most Of them 60 there 10 he
cut, though a great many later find their
way back 70 this country.
Theppat used In jewelry is distinguished
from other varieties Of les value by call.
ing v precious or noble opal. Opals differ
very greatly In their color effects and these
are known az the pattern Of the gem. The
shape and size Of the AAshes Of color vary
from very small. when the stone is called
pin spoiRtopal, 10 largSfCaquarish spangles,
when il B'a harlequin opal
The line Of reflection Ia the osntre OF 4
moonstphe ia called the bluSA That 10, Il
should appear in thu centre, but II doesn't
always 20 DO. q
Jade h sometimes known as New Yea
land green stone, also as are stone. The
hest varieties are known 40 the imperial
green.
Red ga~rnets-they oome in many colors-
are often sold by ~unscrupulous dealers
under such names as Cape ruby. ruby gar.
net end Australian ruby. The Ereen yari.
ETY. ia sometimes sold as a Urulisn emerald.
There are some varieties Of ~t1rquoises
which retain their color perpetuany, These
are said 10 belong to the old rock; while
those that turn green are ascdbed 10 the
new rock.
Siberia yields mammoth teeth, which
after receiving a color from iron phosphate
are known in the market az fossil turuuoiss.
II is detected by its odor when gently
heated. II moistened with an acid Il will
efervesce, The fossil turquoise 80 called
is not a mineral like the rock turquoise.
II is merely colored teeth Of fossil animals.
Nevertheless it retains its color better than
a good deal Of the real stone does,
Brazilian emerald Is really tOurmaline,
'lithia emerald" ia hiddenite, which was
discovered Ivy ". z. Hidden in North
Carolina.
The balsis ruby is > spinel. The gem
known as the Black Princes ruby among
the English crow jewels is really a red
spinel, This stone was a f~avorite with
Queen Elizabeth. The spinel sapphire is
only a blue spinal.
Star sapphires and star rubies are diff
ierent colored asterias, or star stones.
Ceylon ribiea, though beautiful In quality,
are pale In color. Yet they are 80 much
liked In France that they are technically
described a q Of French color. d.
- Feathers are white sl~btranspareut Lines
In the body ola stone. Clouds are fat
blotches along the grain. silk is the name
for white glistening streaks in the grain
Of rubies. 'Tallow topped Ia a stone cut
with a hattish convex top. Grain marks
are surface lines due to imperfect polish-
ing, Carbon spots are opa@ne black spots
in the body Of a diamond. lu, ..,t. y
By way Of a hint in examining stones
the jewellers say that II you look at yellow
gems, as the topaz or deep yellow diamonds.
you will not notice a yellowish tinge in other
d!7EoH41 rceE :: .he 1r1c t!=o. - you
look at emeralds and then at diamonds
the latter will seem brownish.
IL one turns from ~yellowish green stones
10 emeralds the emeralds will seem blush.
Therefore in examining stones do not
turn from one color to another.
limitations are warmer to The touch than
genuine stones and a drop Of water spreads
more quickly on an imitation than on a
real gem. An aluminium point will mark
the surface Of an imitation, but not Of a
real stone,
Imitation pearls under a isns show
tiny holes in the surface and are lTidescent,
The genuine pearls are not.
Imitation amber, made from gum copal,
a be detected by soaking In alcohol.
Real amber pieces which have been glued
or melted together 20 initiate a solid piece
will fall apart il tested in the same way.
Stones are shown in packets, known
as parcels. made Of oolored papers, the
color Of the paper being shrewdly chosen
with a view to setting Oh or perhaps neutral
izing the color Of the stones. Opals, for
instance, are always shown in black paper,
diamonds in white, ~turquoises often in
yellow aud 80 on.
In England it has been the custom when
making an offer for goods to seal up the
parcel and to write on the paper the amount
offered. n the offer Is refused the parcel
is returned TO have the seal broken by the
bidder, who can then raise his offer II he
wants to.
A SIGHT OF DIAMONDS.