The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-04-19
SOCIALISTS AT WORK
METHODS AND AIMS or PARTY.
Greatest Prewress is Little Belgium. ImSortance of Movements in
 Francc aud Germany.

agitation that led up to the Union Square meeting where bomb was thrown. has written booS, "socialists lished by the Macilan Company. In this work the author. who is young and enthusiastic socialist de- scribes in interesting and temperate fashion the Industrial and political achievements of the movement at home and abroad. together with brief account of what the party hopes to accomplish in the future
 in view of Mir. Hunters part of the recent Union Squre affair, his opinion of anarchism, which must have been completed before the 2sthT of March, is of interest," Between the reacticn- aries above and the anarchists below, the Socialists are the only constructive force. s- Anarchism is again making headway among the most wretched of the workers. and leading them to desperate reyolts and insur- rections, which the Socialists with all their power cannot prevent,or when once started control"
 That Socialism and Anarchy mean one and the same thingto so tmper- fectiy infirIncd minds is something the cause of the reaf Socialist party. TO such persons writes Mir. Hunter. The revolution Is apt to signify mere question of method. confused, therefore, with violence and insurrect- ion. When Socialists use the term. as they do frequently, it Is almost in- variabiy without any implication of violence. There are pnquestionably few anarchists who from time to l time associate themselves with the movement, and by inflammatory ad- dresses convey the 1mpressipn that the Socialists expect to gain their ends by resort to open warfare Tn nearly every country such irresponsible agit- ators have been excluded from the movement. But while modern Socialism 1 condemns violence. 1t Is everywhere frankly revolutionary.
 No Socialist Relieves in, Force
 There is not a single Socialist Of prominence who believes that q change in conditions can be forced upon society contary to the inherent social forces, and the natural. evolutionary processes working out in society. Far from advocating violence. Socialism, realizes, even m3re than It's opponents, that 1t has all to gain and nothing to lose by the peaceful method.
 The oldest and stronrrst Socialist party to-day is that of many. It polls d million moore woes tnah any 1 other party yet by reason of an an : taue distribution oflSeats. the Socialist elect to the Reichstag only forty-three n,Arnhers Instead of 1l5, which they should have by right of their numbers. and by reason of unequal suffrage' Instead of controlling every large city fin the German empire, they elect only about a third of the members of the town councils.
 According to Mir Hunter. 1t was the power of the Socialist party which 1 forced upon the government an insur- anc4 for the working men. Every leborer's family possessing an income be,ow $500 a year Is assured of pen 1 sion in case of need, due either. to sick lness. accident. old age or death. Nov tha state Insurance system distributes sioO. 0Oe, 900 every year to the working Glass in the form of benefits and in- dcrnnities. 4
 Mr. Hunter draws an encouraging picture of the present condition ot the iaboring classes in Germany. Iney five better and the aged and SICK. the infured in dustry all have their little patrImony to keep them from want. [ won1oSy i,onroyysment ee over the old days and over the conditions sttlL obtaining m the neiehhoringS countrtesg gives one the impression that there is no are 5 want in the German empire. ,Inee Ine workIne class, while they are kept ont of power, being independent of any party. exercise an incredible in- Ousnce The parties that rule dare not under such relentless eyesgive special privileges to private interests Grating is unknown. The Sociahsta know their power and they also kno" how to use 1t. s.
 Socialism fin Italy.
 : Although the italian Socialist move ment is one of the youngest In Europe It's growth has been striking. and dur ing the past fifteen years 1t has become A. compact organization both amone the peasants and working men. in l0Os if numbered 1.2S0 sections With over fl ,0O0 members. It Is one or the few movements in Europe wn'en ns nSS. l, made an apprecible headway amone the peasants This Is political nec' essity in Italy. as it is largely an agri' cultural country and no important |. party could exist without the adher' enee ofthe rural workers. All of th( $ peasant leagues are affiliated directly with the political Socialist movement but in the economic field they haV' , won the greatest successes The un ) ions of industrial workers now cen tain about AeO. 900 members. who mee in so-earAd Labor Chambers. in aoou , hundred centers. These institution , arc built. as rule, by the municipality and are under semi-nnunicipal patron age. The government still looks upof T workingmens organizations 70 sonl' l' r extent as little less than criminal . and if is partly for the purpose o keeping them under the eye that meet l ing places are provided.
 , The suffrage in Italy being restrict f cd by literay test more than 4ooO'oo' working men are excluded from th' ballot which prevents true estimat' standing these disadvantages the part! in 1904 boiled 32o. 900 votes, and abou Q a hundred municipal councils are II control of the Socialists. In parha
 ment they are represented by 2h ou of sos deputies about fourth or thef
 just representation. for all kinds ( ] ballot manipulation are resorted t' lSeep the Socialists out of place.
 While the Socialists maintain INV daily and over eighty weekly papers ,hc real propaganda is carried on by larCe number of orators who reaeh th. people who cannot or will not read The fiery and emotional character O the Italian nature hurries nm lht' violence if he is slow tn having hi
 wrongs righted, Parliamentary anc | Deaceful methods he is apt to disdaii for they seem dilatory and impractical , or recent years the solidarity shown IT strikes points to a better understand
 ing among the people that to gain any thing they must stand together. Hit herto and now. Italain Socialism sui fers from factions, and leaders whC hold ornnsite views.
 The Party in France.
 In France the Socialists after hay jng baan seoarated for more than