davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-22
Palmyra Grange.

Palmyra Grange held regular meet
ing Saturday evening with $50 mem
bers and 81 visitors present. After the
routine business was completed the
officers elect were installed by w. A
Blaisdell as installing officer, Earl Dyer
and Vera Appleby as assistants ano
Mr.. and Mrs. E. T. McCabe as grand
marShalS.
Supper was served in the dining-roon
below and Grange closed in form. Nc
program was presented.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-22
Maine State Grange Officers.

State Master,
G. S. StetSon, Greene.
State Ovsrseer,
Boyden Bearce. East EddinSton.
State Lecturer,
". J. Thompson. South China.
State Secretary,
L. Fl. Libby. Auburn, r. +. ID. 4.
State Treasurer,
Z. +. Addition, Leeds.
Executive Committee,
Obadiah Gardner, Rockland.
f. II. Libby, Auburn.
R. d. Leavitt, Auburn.
Columbus Hayfcrd. Maysville Ctr.
w. i. Dyer, Woodfords.
Edward Evans, Waldo.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-22
ANDROSCOGGlN.
EAST LIvERMORE MILLS.

Z. Z. Chadbourne has been drawn to
serve on the traverse jury for the
January term of Court at Auburn.
Hildrcth & Coburn have moved their
=aw-!nill over to Fayette Corner where
they have bought large lot of timber
Of +. L. Gle.
Miss Lillian Whittier is visiting rela-
tivcs in Mt Vernon
NJ. II. Knowles has opened q meat
and fish market
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-22
WALDO.
TROY.

Mr.. and Mrs. Llewellyn Webb and
George w. Garter started on Monday
for Montana.
Mrs. Lizzie Whitaker, wife of G. II.
Whitaker, died Jan. IA, after an illness
of only three days. An adopted 6augh-
ter, Blanche, sister, Mrs. Ina Gilpat
rick of Waterville, and two brothers,
Willis Myrick of Unity and ]. l.. My
rick of Waterville survive. The fun
eral was held on Friday, at her home,
Rev. ]. c. Lamb officiating.
Mrs. Josie Ferguson is very sick with
heart trouble. There are several cases
of grip in town, some of them severe.
Miss Auvena Myrick closed her term
of school in Penobscot and came home
Thursday, going to Pittsfield On Sat-
urday.
Mr.. and Mrs. 3. l.. Myrick have gone
to Scion to visit Mrs. Myrick's father,
who is dangerously ill.
TROY CENTER.
All are cordially invited to the w. G.
T. L. meeting at Augustus Stevens
next Saturday afternoon.
Mrs. Otis Rhoades and Mrs George
Woods were in Pittsfield, Friday.
L. p. Hopkins of Plymouth visited
hi; brother, w. L. Hopkins, last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Hopkins of
Plymouth were guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
T. W. Halves, Wednesday.
Mrs. r. H. Ward has been enjoying
a visit from her brother, Willard Nor
ton of Portland.
Mr. and Mrs Walter TaylOr of Pitts
| field passed Sunday with Mrs. Taylor's
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. John Smith.
Miss Annie Rollins is a guest at
George Woods for few days.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. Z. Bagley of Pitts
| field passed Saturday and Sunday with
| Mr.. and Mrs. T. w. Halves.
The many friends of Mrs. Josie
serious illness.
There is much sickness in town.
All are rejoiced that DR.. NJ. T. Dodge
| is now able to drive out again and
| hope that he will not again be troubled
| with sciatica.
+ Rev. J. G. Lamb was called to Burn
| ham last week to attend the funeral of
| the late Mrs. lisa Call. formerly of this
| town. Her mother, Mrs. Sarah Norton,
has gone to Winterport where she has
a pleasant home with relatives.
The town has met with a great loss
| in the death of Mrs. Trafton Whitaker
| which occurred Jan. IA. She was a
| woman of sterling character. and q
most diligent worker in every good
| cause.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-22

KODCL is tie best remedy known today
for dyspepsia, indigestion and all troubles
arising from a disoTdered stomach. 1t is
pleasant. prompt and thorough. Sold by
Rowditch. Webster & Co
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-22
SOMERSET.
BLACKWE ELL.

Mr.. and Mrs. E. 0. Danforth at
tended the Grange and supper II
Madison Saturday night
Mrs Elvira Veasey is passing a few
days with her granddaughter, Mrs
Tracy Gates at Skowhegan.
NJ NJ Moore shipped two cars OF
ash to SkowheSan last week to Adams
and Burns. to be manufactured into
picker sticks.
Willis Clough of Madison is cutting
white ask on the Moore lot that he
purchased
#. D. Salley & Son are getting out
white ash for Skowhegan parties.
George Burns Of Skowhesan was in
this vicinity one day last week sealing
lumber for NJ NJ. Moore.
Daniel Murray lost one of his horses
last week.
There are number at present ill
with the grip. Shepherd Hopkins and
son have been very ill.
Mrs. Amanda Bowdoin, who has
been i'll for a long time. died Friday.
| Inc " iltid ct oiiS SiONfN
Sunday from the NJ. F.. church. She
leaves a husband and one son Newton
Bowdoin of this town.
Miss Low Sullivan of Pittsfield was
in town to attend the funeral of her
aunt, Mrs. Amanda Bowdoin.
The private school opened with Is
scholars and more are expected this
week.
Mr.. and Mrs Harry Skillings of
Sangerville are in town for few days.
A few of the patrons went to Cam
bridge Saturday evening to the
Grange installation.
CAMBRIDGE.
Fred Stillson, who fell through a
| trap door into the cellar with lighted
| lamp in his hand, is suffering very
| much from bruises and burns but no
| bones were broken.
VIM. Noble Of Garland is staying at
Dana Mobiles for a few weeks.
Guy Stafford was a recent visitor in
Pittsfield.
Mrs. E. G. Wentworth of Dexter is
| at Nell Knowles.
Many in town are i'll with the grip
Among the number are Sam Watson
and family, John Ring and family
Andrew Ham and Blanche Richards.
Bertha McIntire of Dexter was in
town last week to attend the funeral
of her grandmother Mrs. Mary Ann
Chadbourne.
Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Watson have
taken five-year old boy from the
Children's home
There was large attendance at the
Grange installation Saturday evening.
Mrs. Kate Ellis was entertained over
Sunday at the home Of Mr.sandr Mrs
s. c. Ham.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-22
SIMPLE REMEDY FOR IA cRlppE

Ia grippe coughs are dangerous as they
frequently develop into pneumcnia. Fo-
Ny's Honey and Tar not only stops the
Sou9h but heals and Strengthens the lungs
mat re sortouR results need be feared
The genuine Foley's Honey and Tar con-
tains no harmful drugs and Il IN 4
yellow peekase. Reeass anhetitnteA
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-22
LlTCHFIELD PLAINS,

More than the usual number of guests
ere in attendance at the Plain
hurch Sunday. Mrs. Elmer Campbell
f Bath and Z. NJ. Lapham sang
uet at the morning service. Rev. E
:. Slower is giving his hearers excellen,
ermOnS.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1908-11-19
NO. tE3G
Alfalfa For Oregon

Alfalfa has been grown for two thous'-
and years in the dediterranpan regiczs-
1t has been grown successfully in ariGS
American regions for half a century. -
gentleman travelling over what was thsns
| regarded as land unfit for seti iEerDe u y:
| in western Nebraska by reason Of itsa
aridty, discovered thrifty green algS,fa~
plant growing where no other gTssz.
thing could be found for miles arouraa
That was a demonstration that satisfied
the gentleman and he purchased Iargs-
tract OF land for trhe. On the sam g.
land he has since fed fftv thousapt5s
sheep in one season on alfalfa. AhaiAs-
goes down into the depths of the soil Ax-
moisture and through wireless com nDn--
ication with the atmosphere brings dowma
from above food which feeds the pls7f;
and enrlches he soil.
Since 1881 the acreage OF alfalfa jps
Kansas has increased from "a 3SS tg5.
fl5 coo in 1906. A recent bulletiu frozas
that state says Of alfalfa: THE steer
feeders Of Kansas, Colorado and Nebras-
ka would be lost without it,"
At the Kansas station it is stated
GA gain of 500 pounds Of pork was mads-
from ton of alfalfa, and a little less
than that amount of gain was made froEa
an acre of alfalfa pastu.e." AgaiDr
"We found that 100 pounds of alfalfa
hay saved 96 pounds of conn., Figut--
ing on the basis OF these experiments IL
is stated that with green alfalfa produs,-
ing ten tons per acre 900 pounds) o.
would produce 2000 pounds Of pork
which, at cents per pound would be-
worth $50 per acre.
Director Burkett Of the Kansas Stza
ton says: BY promoting the sGecess-
fui production of alfalfa the station hasa
not only extended the dominion Of ait
imperial forage crop but in so dong hge4
discharged its own entire expense, antg
n addition has added millions of do Esrs
20 the wealth of the state"
At the Ontario Agricultural College in.
en- years 80 nttrgs, yielding over -
Concluded on Page eight)
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1908-11-19
worth $50 per acre.


That pain in your back caused by luM -
thing to get rid of. Ballard's Snow
Liniment cures rheumatism, lumbago, r..
sore and stiff muscles, strains, epraius r.
cuts. burns, bruises, scads and all acbes=
and pains. You need bottle ia yoxu-
house. Sold by Patterson & Son.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1908-11-19
Heppner belonged to the sheep
men of Oregon this week.

The town WAS turned over t.
them and all went away wei
pleased with the treatment at tn
hands of our citizens as we'll as tn
results accomplished.
The eleventh annual convention
of the Oregon Woolgrowers' Asso
citation which closed yesterds,
evening should result in mucl
good for the industry in this state
It was a business meeting all tn
way through.
About 40 delegates came in OF
Monday evenings train, while many
others came IN Monday and Tues
day from interior points.
About 100 sheepmen were in at
tendance Eastern Oregon was
well represented, delegates being
present from Crook, Wasco, Gill
lam, Wheeler, Grant, Umatilla
Wallowa, Baker, and Malheur
G unties, there also being a good
attendance from the local orgsnl-
zation in Morrow county.
In the way of entertainment the
visitors were we'll taken care of.
Monday evening there was a
smoker at the Commercial Club,
and yesterday evening banquet
was served at the Palace hotel,
which reflects much credit upon
the hotel management.
The meeting was called to order
Tuesday morning in the CONNER
cial Club building by Geo. J. Cur
rim, president of the Morrow Coun-
ty Woolgrowers' Association.
c. f. Noodson welcomed the
visitors in manner that made
Everybody feel welcome.
President J. n. Burgess. of the
State Association, delivered very
able address, which is printed in
full below.
H. c. Rooper, of Shan;ko, deliv-
cred the response to the address of
welcome.
The principal part of the FORE
noon was taken up with business
matters in reading reports and
communications, the appointment
of committees, etc.
Geo. J. Currin addressed the
meeting on the present condition
of the wool industry in the West.
MIR. Currin advised more attention
to detail and closer tab on the
unnecessary leaks coming from the
profits of the wool growers.
Afternoon Session.
The afternoon session opened
with an address by Congressman
w. R. Ellis.
Mr.. Ellis was greeted with rous-
ing cheers. He discussed the tar
if question on wool in an able
manner and promised his undivided
support in behalf of the woolgrow-
ers, being opposed to any reduction
of the duty on wool.
The national forest and its rels-
tion to livestock. was taken up by
Monte B. Gwynn, of Pendleton.
Mr. Gwypn stated the forest policy
was here to stay and he impressed
those engaged in the wool industry
with the necessity Of working in
harmony with the forest officials in
eliminating evils aDd correcting
grievances as they appear from
year to year.
Geo. Mcknight, Of Vale, dis
cussed the question of leasing of
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1908-11-19
4 Peculiar Wrench

OF the foot or ankle may produce a very
serious sprain. A sprain is more PAIN
ful than a break. In all sprans, cuts
burns and scalds Ballards Snow LiDS--
ment is the best thing to use. Relieves
the pain instantly, reduces swelling, n.
perfect antiseptic and heals rapidly
Price Csc, SOC and 81 90. Patterson &
Son
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1908-11-19
WOOLGROWERS MEET
Eleventh Annual Convention a
Great Success in Heppner.
MATTERS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE HANDLED|
President Burgess Delivers Able AddressHard Work
Will be Put Forth to Secure Passage of
Coyote Bounty Law.


the public range which he opposed
with much vigor.
DR.. W. Fl. Lytle, state sheep in.
spector, spoke on methods of ex.
terminating coyotes and other pests
and distributed samples of poison
for trial.
The coyote and other predatory
wild animals, WAS a matter of gen.
eral discussion. The general i'm
portance of this question which
naturally brought up the coyote
bounty law took considerable time.
The sentiment was unanimous in
favor of bounty law. All sheep
men were urged to work for the
passage of bounty law at the
next session of the Legislature.
Tuesday evening was taken up
with an illustrated lecture on bac-
teriology and animal parasites, by
DR.. Mcclure at the Orpheum The.
atre. The lecture was very inter-
esting and instructive.
Wednesday Session.
R. F. Hynd was the first speaker
at yesterday mornings session.
Mr.. Hvnd's subject was "Better
Methods of Handling Sheep on the
Range" He strongly advised bet
ter breeding and better feeding
methods to increase the profits of
the sheepmen.
DR.. Mcclure talked on the scab
fight in the West and told how the
department in Washington had
cleaned out Oregon, Montana, Wy
oming, Idaho and Utah, and that
the work was now being taken up
in Nevada and California.
w. B. Barratt took up the ques-
ton of salt supply. He explained
the reduction Of freight rates and
the benefits coming from the own
ership of interest in salt mine in
Utah.
Tariff discussion and winding up
of business occupied the time yes
terday afternoon.
All felt that the tariff should be
retained. Even Dan Smythe, the
democratic war horse, advocated q
higher tariff.
The following officers were elect
ed:
J. N. Burgess, president. re.
elected.
Geo. Mcknight, vise-president.
Dan Smythe, secretary, re-elect-
ed.
The next meeting will be held at
Pendleton.
President Burgess Address.
The past year has been one of trials
and tribulations for the Oregon sheep
growers. the decrease in the price of
sheep, dating from the panic of October,
o07, to the Presidential election on the
3d of this month, was tul ly So per cent
and the price of wool met with a cores
pondng decrease, this disaster. coming
during a season OF protracted drouth the
worst ever known in this state, has been
the cause of probably the greatest fnan-
cial loss in the history OF the sheep in
dustry in Oregon, duriug the same
length of time.
However, there is now every ind;ca-
ton that a reaction has taken place,
business OF all kinds is good. the factor
les and mills are all starring and run
ming full time and the outlook is tn We
will be able to enjoy another four years
OF prosperity.
The wool market is active and much
stronger than it has been at any time
during the past thirteen months, and
from the reports obtained. notwithstan-
ding the extremely dull season, the
wool is mostly used up.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1908-11-19

g a g. TO RIA.
Bears the 1I1g al5 I.g E3s 4aGs s1s-. !
S's5a:''' .of EE9zZ.E
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1908-11-19

Concluded on page 81
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30
READ ALL THIS
You Never Know the Moment When
This Information May Prove
of Ikinite Value.

Tt is worth considerable to any cit
izen of Honolulu to know how to be
cured of painful, annoying and itching
piles. Know then that Doan's O;nt-
ment is a positive remedy for all lteh:-
ness of the skin, for piles, eczema, etc.
One application relieves and soothes.
Read this testimony of its merit:
H. Ryall, II Gr0svenor street. South
Yarra. a resident of Melbourne. Aus
tralia, says: 81 was bothered by
itching hemorrhoids. the affliction be-
ing especially troublesome at night and
during warm weather. Doan s Oint-
ment gave me prompt ~elief and I
therefore recommend it highly
Doan's Backache Kidney Pills are
sold by all druggists and storekesPars
at 30 cents per box (six boxes $2.5Ol,
or will be mailed on receipt of price
by the HolIister Drug Co. Honolulu,
wholesale agents for the Hawaiian Is
lands
Remember the name, Doan's, and
take no substitute.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30
Mr.. FERN
RESIGNS
Confined from Page One.)

Confined from Page One.)
of the Board of Supervisors We have
handled about Sl,O44O0O in two years.
A man I talked TO the other day laugh
ed when I told him it would be over a
million. The people of this community
should attend the meetings of the board
and find out what is being done. We
have been in office twenty-four months.
The former board was in about eighteen
months
81 want to thank every member of
this board fer the support they have
given me. and also TO thank the heads
of departments and the clerks.
'.The county is safe. We have done
our duty. Oahu has not been wrecked.
The county is here to stay. If it is
handled as well in the future there viii
be no occasion for any government by
commission.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30
$63,911.21

Outstanding:
December estimates ....... $41 ,97O. 90
Water wagons-balance 49,. 10000
Repairs-fre engine boiler 10000
Horse for electric light de-
partment .... 1880
Blocks for Queen street in
reserve ......... 1878
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30

broaden its scope, improve its typo
graphical appearance, and generally
make it more aggressive. Plans for.
publishing one page of it in English
are being considered, but have not
been fully determined upon. However,
if this plan is adopted, the paper viii
be so enlarged in size that there swilI
be more matter in the Hawaiian por-
ton Of the paper than there is now.
If the plan for the English page goes
through, this page will be filled with
comment and editorials on currentI
events, local and national, from thei
Democratic standpoint.
In the meanwhile, the members OF
the Democratic Territorial Committee,
not having anything to do, as a com
mittee, with the matter of appoint
ments, are busying themselves in OPP
posing Governor Frear's proposed
amendments to the land laws. Letters
have been written to Senator Foraker
and Representative Hamilton, the
chairmen, respectively, of the Senate
and the House committees TO which
Frear's amendments have been re-
ferred, asking for delay until they can
be heard on the subject. Other let
tiers have been written to Champ
Clark, the Democratic leader in the
House, and to the Democratic members
of the Senate and House committees
haEng the matter in hand strongly
opposing Frear's amendments and glv-
ing their reasons why. They claim
that Frear's amendments do not touch
the evils or abuses of the present laws
at all. but simply change their phrase
ologv and remove antiquities, but all
in the direction Of giving the Govern
or more power and the homesteader
fewer rights. It is claimed that the
Governor amendments do not even
redeem the Republican platform prom
Use Of seeking to secure the extern
sion of the esprit" Of the American
homestead laws to Hawaii. For the
spirit of the American homestead law
is to afford a ready means by which
the public lands can be put into the
hands of those who will make Their
homes on the land and devote ,he'r
industry to it. while the land laws as
Governor Frear would amend them
will be aimed principally at getting
the public lands Of the Territory into
s'Iarge estates titled by cheap labor, J.
as President Roosevelt describes it,
At any rate. the Democratic pub
Iicists are very busy with letters de-
signed to tell Congress all about Il.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30
Berger and the Band.

Captain H. Berger, leader of the
Hawaiian band, presented the follow
ing report, showing the number of
times the band has played during 1907
and 1908, during the term of the pres
emit Board of Supervisors:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30

Cummins regretted the board was 60
ing out. and as its days were number
ed. so might be those of himself ant
of other employees under him. Fir,
Chief Thurston and Superintendent OF
Electric Lights Frazee said the Terri
tory had only $50 arc lights in Ho
noIulu. and since, county government
went into effect this number had in
creased to go are lights and about 800
incandescents.
Picture Unveiled.
Complimentary remarks concluded,
Clerk Buffandeau mounted a ladder
and, tearing off a paper envelope over
picture hanging behind the chair
man. exposed a large frame enclosing
individual pictures of the entire board.
The chairman presented each member
with copy of the large picture, the
gift of Photographer Williams.
Payrolls Safeguarded.
A question arose as to how the pay
of employees shall be taken care of in
the interval between January l and
January +. 1t was first suggested that
the present board make up the rolls
and bills for this short interval but
after some consultation with the
County Attorney and Supervisor elect
Logan, the chair announced that such
bills would be taken care of by the
next board.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30
Another Financial Report.

Another Financial Report.
Supervisor Archer presented the
following statement of county fl
nances:
Statement of Cash on Hand, December
%, 1908.
To balance on hand, Deem
Der %. 1905 ..........$ 1927 ,911.21
To warrant for December. 100000
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30
claim IS Adjusted.

The claim Of some property-owners
at Waipahu for damages done their
land by the running of a ditch from
the road, was adjusted for 500, one
Of the owners being present and ac-
cepting this amount.
Fire Chief Thurston reported five
FIRE calls during December, with a
property loss Of $l2S.35, the liability
of the insurance companies being only
Sl425
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30

The board adjourned to meet again
on Monday, January 4, at 10 a. m.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-30
Official Cash Count.

A statement was presented by
Chairman Hustace and the Deputy
County Attorney as to the amount of
money on hand with the County Treas
urer. as follows:
There ought to be in the treasury,
$50, 69l.62; warrants issued, but not
paid, $S0O1.9o. Total, $2O,673.52.
Amounts and kinds of money are:
Redeemed warrants, $206.S5; U. S. gold
coin, 1865; Z. S. silver coin, $l19.97
L. S. currency, 500; road taxes on spe-
cial deposit in banks, $10,911.15; gen
eral fund, $837S.55-fhaking the above
total of $20,673.52.
A long list was presented by Su-
perintendent Frazee showing the num-
Der of petitions received for electric
lights and the number installed.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1908-12-27
REV. E.T. SIMPSON
IS NOW 4 CANON
Gift of $4,000 for Endowment
of a Canonry in st,
Andrews.

Bishop Restariek has appointed the
Rev. E. T. Simpson as canon of ST.
Andrews cathedral. This appoint
ment is to fill the vacancy made by
the removal Of the Rev. Alexander
Macintosh from the Islands. The
Bishop has been promised $4,000 to-
wards the endowment of the canonry
which is to be attached to the Ha-
waiian pastorate. The name of the
proposed donor is not given. The in
terest of the amount promised is at
once available towards the support of
the canonry.
With Canon Mackintosh's removal
from the Islands, under the statutes
of the cathedral, he ceases to be a
canon of st. Andrews cathedral,
though, with the Bishops permission,
which he has, he will still be entitled
by courtesy to the title of canon.