davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
WAR AND THE GUARANTEE OF PEACE.

If war vas a matter of diversonf for a nation here would De SOM sense Ill
the attitude of thu New York Evening Post n he question of var. Tit Post
is uniformly opposed to large military n naval appropriations 1t does not
want he vernme ito build batuesfips 1t would stop the expense for
Of Ill kinds As thu Pos theorkesa nations safety lies Its lack Of
preparation for war; Its best shield is Its defenselessness. What is a cuff or a
kick; what, indeed, n unprovoked injury by a n aggressive foreign power to
the cost of a war;? II W have n o rms and no defenses we cannot be tempted
DR. goaded to fight In our defense, and. If the enemy does not IKE away our
property or put a yoke around our necks. we a fencitate ourselves o our
wise economy N good fortune. But al Is not a diversion A nation goest to
var only when it is forced to- n the weake 1t is H. stronger tn force ap-
piled The only guarantee o. peace Is through preparation. There Il more for
peace in a powerful navy tina in III the pahaver at the Hague conference
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
CANNED CAMPAIGN SPEECHES.

The monograph is to be used extensively or the first lime in the political
available for use in every town, village n hamlet In the country. All that is
necessary is TO procure a photograph. The national compagn committee will
Nend out the records, which is much cheaper than sending nj spenbndes and
over amdn in the same district, whereas the spellbinder is ony for night. In
preparation for thu monograph campaign speakers are now talking speeches
into monographs and factories are turning u the records ready to be shipped
m deman by local campaign committees What would Daniel Webster and
Clay say to canned campaign oratory?
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
A UNITED STATES OF AFRICA.

A lew nation II; in process of formation in South Africa as a result of the
Boer war, which wiped out the patiarchal olgarchy that existed there. The
for colonies-Cap Colony, Orange Free State, the Transvaal an Natal-are
to organize a United States IF South Africa and adopt a constitution. The new
state will W he sal allegiance 20 Great Britain as Canada ad Australia
do n be selfgoverning in every essential respect The four colonies have n
area of AIS 100 square miles. with a population of five Millions IN will also
Ultimate mex about a million square miles, with more than i've millions of
biacks a territory altogether half as large as he United States OF America
IT.. Roer eemen prevails sin all the South African statese except Natal and
xu have TIL in he new confederation. But III presence of millions OF
n,scks make tn whites a unit in h principal matters Mgovrnment This
consolidation of British Boer power is ominous to the German and Portuguese
in South Africa in the futurA ~-
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
BISHOP HENRY c. POTTER.

In the death o. the venerable Bishop Henry c. Potter, of New York, the
Christian world, N more especially the Episcopal Church, loses me of the
ablest praatesi in America. Bishop Potter a been a commanding figure In his
church for years, as well as before the public. His interest and activities we're
not confined to clerical affairs. He took a live interest in State and national
affairs and a absorbed in everything that related to the bettTment of the
social nd physical conditions of humanity. His name a associated with the
great work of charity. He as a patron of education and art The magnificent
Cathedral of St John the Divine, low majesticany rising on thu rocks above
chiefly for his broad views. his practical common sens and his tolerance
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
ANSWERS TOCORRESPONDENTS

draft easily acquires q rapid rotary
motion as it ascends. This rotation, by
reason of he resulting centrifugal
force, produces a very decided low pres
sure in the central axis of the eddy.
The rising air flowing into this region
expands by season of the low pres
sure and is therefore cooled dynamical-
ly so as to become a visible cloud. One
may see a perfect axial cloud formed in
a precisely analogous n in the
midst of a rapid lust whirl over a city
Street-Ed.l
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
OIL

Hey!
Do notice the way
They stay
AT the fore, in the fray,
Each day?
Say!
A cinchi
Do they tremble or finch
In the nerve-racking pinch?
Not an inch!
It's great!
This imperious gait,
OF late!
But waiti
Till We read of the foreigners
Fate!
My!
How the Yankee boys fly
With the points
Without even a try!
While the Jap and the Dutch and he
French
Stand dejectedly by
And sigh!
Hoi
Wen show
EN- the way we Americans 60.
Slow?
Gee! They'll never recover
The oncoming blow!
Whew!
What the Yankees won't do
To those few!
Say!
Just walt till we're through!
IOohi
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
OILCLOTH.

To the Editor of the Evening Star:
What is the process employed in the
making of oilcloth? A. G. H.
1.-THE body is stout hemp canvas,
woven wide to avoid seams. This Is
stretched tight over a frame covered
with thin glue and rubbed down with
pumice. This Is to fill the spaces and
make a smooth surface. Then thick
paint is rubbed over and rubbed in
with a trowel. Other coats are added
and h a coat of thin paint Is put on
with a brush. All Of them are of one
color. Then the pattern is printed on
with blocks cut to certain designs.
using different blocks for the different
colors.-Ed.1
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22

10 the Editor or the Evening Star:
Will you kindly state what causes
waterspouts? Is it the wind?
READER.
IA waterspout is a small, rapidly
whirling column of air extending from
a cloud down to the ocean or lake, and
central axis becomes visible as
a column of water or cloudy vapor. AS
they frequently occur in calm Weather
it is evident they are not necessarily
produced by wind. but that on the con-
trary the wind that accompanies them
is the result of the same process that
forms the spout. The formation of a
waterspout is due to a strong indraft
upward beneath the base of a cumulus
cloud. The air that supplies this in
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
PERSIA,S CONSTITUTION.

To the Editor of the Evening Star:
What sort of constitution was it that
was recently drawn up in Persia?
8. S. NICK.
1.-THE Parliament, supposed to repre-
sent the whole Persian population, con-
sists of 1872 delegates, which may be in
creased to 200. The delegates are
elected for a term of two years, and
may be reelected. No laws a be
passed without the consent of the Par
liament.-Ed.]
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22

: If your husband were drowning !
I and your only chance 10 save him i
Z lay in Ieaving your boy TO the I
I mercy of the sea, what would s
. you 10: I
! THE EVENING STAR will !
. give d prize of SO to the New !
! Jersey man or woman, boy or &
] girl, who submits the best an )
. swer to this question by July %. !
Answers must not contain more s
! than 100 words and must be ad- !
. dressed to the City Editor of !
! THE EVENING STAR, New {
! ark, n. j.. j
] The awful choice was forced :
. upon one New Jersey woman. !
I She had no time for reflection. {
J Every moment meant life or ]
Z death to either her son or her
/ husband. She solved 1t as best {
! she could. What would you have J
: done?
safe distance of my husband, then
l would have thrown him end
Of the bathing suit while I held the
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
Sn &MMtsome Mood
KNEW ALL ABOUT GEORGE.

"Do you know, my daughter. that
every name means something. For in
stance, Charles means brave, William
resolute, George"
"Oh! know what George means,
mother"
"Well, what is it?"
George means business. He told me
SO last night."-Boston Transcript.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
UNGALLANT.

You say the lady chauffeur would
have won the a If her auto hadn't
jumped the fence?"
Yes: just as she was passing her
opponent he yelled to her that her hat
was not On straight and she let 60 Of
the steering wheel.-Houston Post.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
HEAVY.

First SENATOR see the manuscript Of
La Follette's speech weighed nineteen
pounds.
Second Senator-That all? It certainly
sounded heavier than that.-Yonkers
Statesman.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
ASKING.

He-If we were not in a canoe I
would kiss you.
She-Take me ashore instantly, sir"
Comic Cuts.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
HOOT, MON I

Scott-They say bagpipes are a great
help on a battlefield. They prompt
men to fight.
Dickson-I don't doubt it. Some of
those l have heard on the street have
often made me feel like lighting
London Tit-Bits.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
GIVING HIM A POINTER.

what can | do?" complained the
disappointed humorist; you sit on all
my jokes"
"Get some points into 'em and then
I won't dare to-" replied the editor,
with a low, gurgling chuckle.-Boston
Transcript.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-07-22
FOUNDING OF CITIES.

To the Editor OF the Evening Star:
Please publish the date of ndi
of the twenty leading cities or the
United States. N.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
OBITUARY..
Campbell.

Arthur l.. Campbell, aged AZ years,
stone mason and contractor. of 2O4
West Boone street. died at his home
at 11:15 o'clock this morning of ty-
phoid fever. He had been sick for three
weeks. Mr. Campbelrs oldest son,
Leonard, is seriously sick of the dis
ease.
Mr.. Campbell formerly lived in To-
ledo where he married Miss Rachel
Hughes, of Traer, twelve years ago,
who survives him as do also four
children. The latter are Della, Leon
ard, Albert and Edward, ranging in
ages from 10 years to 10 months. He
is also survived by two half brothers
living in Connecticut and two sisters.
The latter are Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson,
of Pennsylvania and Mrs. Ida Van
auken of New York state. Mrs. Camp
bell has two sisters, Mrs. George Marx
and Mrs. Frank Stegall living in this
city.
Owing to the illness of the son the
funeral service, will be private. 1t will
be held Monday.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
ANOTHER COFFEE WRECK.
What's the Use When There's an Easy
Wav Ont

| Way Out.
Along with the coffee habit has
!, grown the prevalent American Dis
ease"-nervous prostration.
The following letter shows the way
out of the troubles:
give years ago I was a great coffee
drinker and from its use ] became so
nervous could scarcely sleep at all
nights. My condition grew worse and
worse until finally the physician l con-
suited declared my troubles were all
due to coffee
/ "But being so welded to the bever-
age I did not see how could do with
out 1t, especially at breakfast, as that
lmeal seemed wholly incomplete with
out coffee.
! con a visit some friends deprived me
of coffee to prove that it was harmful.
| At the end of about eight days l was
fless nervous but the craving for coffee
was intense, so 1 went back to the old
habit as soon as got home and the
old sleepless nights came near making
a wreck Of me.
81 heard of Postum and decided to
try IT. I did not like it at first, because,
as I afterwards discovered, it was not,
| made properly. L founu, however, tiial
when made after directions on the
package, 1t was delicious
ut had soothing effect on my
nerves and none of the bad effects that
| coffee had, so I bade farewell to coffee
and have used only Postum since. The
| most wonderful account Of the beneflt
! to be derived from Postum could not
exceed my own experience There's
a Reason
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Greek. Mich Read 1.-THE Road to Well
| ville,' in pkgs
Ever read the above letter? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full Of human
] interest
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

ing accounts and to offer it's patrons
all the facilities of general banking.
VIII receive accounts OF individuals.
banks, corporations and firms on fave
orable terms and shall be pleased to
meet with those who contemplate
making changes, or opening new ac-
counts.
TIE FIDELITY SAVINGS BANK,
Marshalltown, Iowa.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
FEED AT THE FAIR
Patrons and Exhibitors Can Order
from E. {. Benedict & Co. by Phone
and Be Assured Of Prompt Delivery
to the Grounds.

To our Patrons and Fair Exhibitors:
The fair will be on next week and we
have made preparations to deliver feed
promptly to the grounds. We will not
have a tent on the grounds, but our
store will be headquarters and our
phone number is 81. Call us up any
time and we will furnish you anything
You want in feed promptly. We will be
able to meet your wants in very sat
is factory manner.
f. T.. BENEDICT & co.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
A Splendid Coal for Furnace and

We have received fresh supply of
the Indiana block coal and can quote
you saving prices This coal is splen-
did article good for furnace or heater
and very economical to burn You'll
find it a very satisfactory article and
we can recommend it highly Suppose
you let us fill your bins now, for your
winter supply Looks like it would be
higher later on. South Side Coal Com
pany. Phone ga
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

Columbia hall for rent.
.---------
Read McCollough's want adj
Two opticians. Chamberlain.
Read McCollough's want ad.
.-------
Geo. ]. Allen. optical specialist
------ .---------s
Gas house coke will advance Oct. L.
- .--
September coke is cheaper than oc-
tober.
.------
Special sale of millinery at Miss
Middlekauff's Tuesday. Sept 10
------s .--------
Patronze the Congregational ladies'
check booth at the Marshall county
fair.
DR. Lierle will return and be at his
office for business, Wednesday. Sept
16
See those cuff button, cuff holders;
something new and convenient. at AL
lens.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
DR.. JONES SICK.
Former Pastor of Baptist Church III

Former Pastor Of Baptist Church Ill
Daughter Called Home.
A telephone message from Cedar
Falls this morning to Miss Justine
Jones, a teacher In the city schools,
summoned her home on the first train
on account of the sickness OF her ia
Their Rev e. b. Jones, who was for
merly pastor of the Baptist church.
The message did not give the nature
of DR.. Jones sickness. Mrs Jones
is suffering from n sprained ankle. re-
smiling from o. recent injury.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
Columbia hall for rent.
Read McCollough's want ad.
----A----e o~---------
Two watchmakers. Chamberlain.

Two watchmakers. Chamberlain.
DIR. Wood, eye, ear throat. Glasses.
Underwear for early fall wear. NJ. f.
Andrews.
September is the month to put in
your coke supply.
Elk chocolates, always fresh. Wheel
er & Hoag. sole agents.
Millinery opening at Miss Middle
kauff's Tuesday, Sept 10
wanted-Strong boy to deliver bun
dies. Apply to e. r. Lay.
Everybody invited to come to the
millinery opening next Tuesday. Miss
OFT.
Patronize the Congregational ladies'
check booth at the Marshall county
fair.
We have just received fine line of
carmen and wide hinge bracelets, at
Aliens.
Gard will sell you a better cabinet
for less money. Big discount all dur
ing fair week. See his superb line.
Special sale of pictures at the Sim
mons book store. Pictures worth dou-
BILE the money will be disposed of at
this sale for S1.9S.
Read Cards announcement about
kitchen cabinets. The largest, best,
most convenient cabinet in the city for
the money, at Cards.
CDR Baldwin is a perfect artist, and
to listen to his playing Is delightful
treats Come and hear him at the
Baptist church Monday evening.
A message received by Mr. and Mrs.
Thaddeus Binford says that Mr.. and
Mrs. Glenn Buck, of Omaha, are the
parents of a son. born Friday. Mrs.
Buck was formerly Miss Ruth Bin
ford.
Wanted-Waiters and Mattresses for
the tables at the Fair associations
dining tent at. the fair grounds next
week Boys and girls make Applica-
ton. Serve monday meal only. Apply
at F. f. Arney's' store Monday be-
tween / and 9 p. m.
In Mas New Husband" which
comes to the Odeon tomorrow night,
for one performance, playgoers are
promised farcical musical treat of
the merriest kind. 1t has scored heav-
lily in other cities in which it has been
played and from all accounts has
proved a vogue for all who crave en-
tertainment of light clean, snappy
and lively type. No less than eighteen
musical numbers, every one of them
new, are on the program. Prices rs,
80 and so cents.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
CLEANING AND PRESSING.
Time to Have Your Fall Clothes Fixed

Time to Have Your Fall Clothes Fixed
Up.
You can get expert service in clean
ing and pressing at the Marshalitown
Steam Dye Works. We have added ex-
ira help and can do all your work
promptly. Have your light overcoats
suits, skirts, etc, put in presentable
appearance. We make them look IKE
new. Marshalltown Steam Dye Works
---4-----------.----es
Satisfaction means ",that which salts
fes." Use ".salada" Tea and you will
appreciate this definition. Sold by all
grocers. in sealed lead packets only.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
What Shall Boy Do With His vaca-


Is the title of new Grand Trunk
publication describing vacation camps
in the Temagami region and in AL
gonquin Natural Park of Ontario II
your boy likes the wild you can get one
by writing Geo. w. Vaux, A. G. p. &
Il. A., 1876 Adams ST, Chicago.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
MEALS AT THE FAIR

Fair Association Dining Tent Will
Furnish Good Dinner Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
Fair Visitors Invited to Patronize 1t.
At the fair next week you can get
a good square meal at the Fair As
sociation's tent. The meals will be
good, substantial and palatable and
will be served piping hot and in an
orderly and prompt manner. Don't
worry about your dinner at the fair.
Get a square meal at the Fair Assoc
citation dining tent, Tuesday, We'd
nesday, Thursday and Friday The
Marshall, County Fair Association.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
Mentor Underwear

For perfect underwear comfort for women and
children, Mentor is the ideal. Comfort because
it fits is warm is elastic, is absolvent, does not
bind and does not scratch. Knitted in a varie-
ty of weights and fabrics, including shrunk
proof wool-woo1 underwear for which you
get your money back if it shrinks in the
washing.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
Peaches.

We have them. Michigan in hushel
baskets Missouri in crates and one
third bushel baskets. Colorado in
boxes. Ask your dealer. e. e. Hood.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
HEARING Postponed.

The hearing of the case of the Let's,
Fletcher Company charged with viola
tions of the pure food law. which was
to have been held today before Justice
Willard has been indefinitely post
poned.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
All Our Goals Are Specialties.

1t is simply IL matter of price. Hick-
DRY Hollow Is the best cheap coal; EN-
pire is the best medium priced; Peer
less is little better, anG costs more;
Block Band Splint has no superior
Gregory Coal & Lime Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
Tho wav to a Mans Heart

Delight your husband with that
lovely. haky EACO bread. as white
as angel cake, which adds to the
daintness Of your table.
Always bake from EACO Winged
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

DR. and Mrs. Jay Trotter, formerly
of this city. but now of Mancos, Col,
are the parents of a boy. The news
of the birth came in Il telegram to Mr.
and Mrs j. G. Trotter, DR. Trotters
parents.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
AT suNDELL's, FAIR WEEK.
Fair Visitors Will Be Given Good Ser
vice and Good Meals

Fair visitors will find our restaurant
a good place to eat. a good meal Will
be served hot and promptly, for %
cents Only inspected meats will be
used. and everything will be first
class and wholesome. Henry Sundell.
North Center street
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
Notice.

A Special convocation signet
Wv chapter, No. 3s, r. A. NJ, Mon
~\day, Sept. IA, 8 p. m. M. e. de-
gree; 1880 p. M, Royal Arch. All
Royal Arch masons welcome. Come II
possible. A. D. Meeker, H. P.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
FOR INFORMATION OF PUBLIC.

The Fidelity Savings Bank Opens
a Commercial Department.
The Fidelity Savings Bank, which
up to this year has confined itself to
strictly savings bank business, has
now opened q commercial department
and is prepared to take care of check
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

Try Elk chocolates. They are best.
Wheeler & Hoag, sole agents.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

INDIANA BLOCK COAL.

Horse Flour to save lot of work and
worry r. e. Benedict & Co.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
SPECIALS NEXT WEEK

Tailored Suits and Cloaks
We have Just received so new suits and
large line Of Cloaks. We call attention to the
fact that every suit we show is Of this seasons
style and purchase.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

Notice to Readers-The fifth page to-
day is aslocaI page in addition to pages
and Z.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12
SUITS AND SKIRTS.
For Fair Week at Benedict G. Brin
nails New Store.

Ladies, you can not afford to make
a purchase of a suit or skirt before
YOU SO our line. Ask to see our 81 and
SIG suits. our $3.50 skirts can not be
matched for less than 81. Benedict Il
Brintnal.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

See Miss Middlckauff for up-to-date
millinery
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

ION the Bridge at Midnight" as
elaborately staged as the first week of
its triumphant production in Chicago,
lis to be the attraction at the Odeon
tonight, and Klimt & Gazzoio have
provided most excellent company as
well as a first class scenic equipment
There is much beauty and deep inter-
est in the story, as well as plenty Of
the best comedy and SURPRISING en-
tertainment is assured. Prices Is, Is,
SIS and so cents.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

What is English Roseberry cloth
It's a fabric made by Priestle'y espe-
cially for rain and autoing coats. These
coats are just the thing for fell wear.
See thew at NJ. F. Andrews.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

Wanted--Waiters and Mattresses for
the tables at the Fair associations
dining tent at the fair grounds next
week Boys and girls make Applica-
ton. Serve MONDAY meal only. Apply
at p. f. Arney's store Monday be-
tween / and =. m.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

We invite all our customers and ev-
cry person interested in plumbing.
heating and electrical work, to visit
our exhibit at the fair Buchanan-
Boughton Counpany
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-09-12

A message received by Mr.. and Mrs.
Thaddeus Binford says that Mr. and
Mrs. Glenn Buck, of Omaha, are the
parents of a son. born Friday. Mrs.
Buck was formerly Miss Ruth Bin