davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04

chairman of the board of governors
OF the Catholic Church extension So
ciety and Archbishop Of the city in
which the congress is to be held, will
be the leading spirit throughout He
will be assisted by the Rev. Francis
Clement Kelly, president of the Cath
olic Church Extension society, as per-
manent vice chairman.
In answer to a petition by Father
Kelly, indorsed by Bishop Quigley
and sent to Rome, short time ago,
word was received yesterday that the
Most Rev. Diomed Falconio, ApoS-
tolic delegate at Washington, has
been appointed to attend the congress
as the representative of Rome and
confer the papal blessing.
The congress becomes possible only
by virtue Of the recent decree Of Pope
Plus, which on Nov. | takes the Uni
ted States and Canada out Of the
ranks of missionary countries, as they
have been hitherto considered and
placed them on the same footing as
the distinctively Catholic nations in
the old world. The aim of the CON
gress is to take up the burden and to
stir the Catholics of the United
States upto their new obligations.
The conress will be composed Of
both laymeAand eclestiastics from all
parts of theN country.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
CATHOLICS WILL MEET.
Are Planning For An Imposing Dem
onstration In Chicago.

CHICAGO, Oct. 3.--Preporations
for the greatest demonstration Of the
Catholics of the United States since
the plenary council of Baltimore of
two decades ago, were begun at a
meeting Of leading Roman Catholic
laymen of Chicago last night.
The event will be the Catholic mis-
sionary congress Of the United
States and Canada. 1t will begin in
Chicago on Sunday, Nov. IS, and end
on the following Wednesday. More
than sixty archbishops, bishops and
mitred abbots Of the United States,
Canada and Mexico already have
pledged themselves TO be present.
The meeting last night was presided
over by Archbishop Quigley, who, as
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
TELEPHONE MAIN ssi.


BY young and old to whom these
things are essential and attractive,
The A, a.. A. A. has a new and beau
tiful home almost completed and
which will be quite on par with any
other Of this size in the Northwest,
With strong and interested asso-
citation, a well equipped habitat and
generous range of apparatus and ap-
plicances; there would seem to be
no good reason for anything save
marked success and some fine records
in the near future, all ii which is cor
daily hoped for by the last citizen.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
CHEAP LABOR AND LIVING.

The pessamist still complains about
the high prices in food products and
tries to make it appear that the ad-
vance in wages in the last ten years
has not been commensurate with the
increase in the cost Of living. There
has been only one careful investiga-
tion of this subject made, and that
has been by the Bureau of Labor,
which is composed of careful and
conservative investigators year by
year ever since the Bureau was ere
ated under the administration Of Gro
yer Cleveland, and their figures have
been made public in the labor bulle-
tins every year, so while they are ap-
plicable in this. discussion they were
in no way intended for use in pol
itical campaign, and they would not
be except to show the mistakes OF
those who assume that the increase
in the cost of living has been greater
than the average increase in the ear
nings Of the people.
Take the figures any way one pleas
es to look at them, they show the err
ror of this assumption. Comparing
the last year OF 1905 with that of 1894,
there was an increase OF AZ per cent
in the average earnings per hour;
there was an increase of l6.7 per cent
in the average weekly earnings per
employee, and there was an average
increase in the weekly earnings of
all employees. On the other hand
there was an increase Of 127 per cent
in the retail prices of food.
All the percentages on wages are
greater than the percentages of in
crease in the cost Of food, and only
the reckless assertion Of pessimists
stand against the careful investiga-
ton of large number Of trained ex-
perts who have no other purpose than
to carry on the work for which the
Bureau of Labor was created. 1t is
all very well to complain Of high
prices and to demand cheap food and
cheap clothing. But we had one era
of cheapness in this generation and
the cheapest commodity in that time
was labor. President Harrison said
a "cheap coat makes cheap man"
and the conditions that prevailed rn,
der the last Democratic administra-
ton came pretty near demonstrating
that as an absolute truth. Labor was
then so cheap that men could not ex-
change it for enough to give them a
living. 1t was carnival of soup and
rags. To-day labor is the. dearest
product in the market 1t is these
things we should consider when we
are going TO the polls to determine
the policy of the Government for the
next four years. Do we want cheap
labor or high priced labor? That is
the question.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
Why Colds Are Dangerous.

Because you have contracted ordi-
nary colds and recovered from them
without treatment of any kind, do
not for a moment imagine that colds
are not dangerous. Everyone knows
that pneumonia and chronic catarrh
have their origin in common cold.
Consumption is not caused by cold
but the cold prepares the system for
the reception and development of
the germs that would not otherwise
have found lodgment It is the same
with all infectious diseases. Diph-
iberia, scarlet fever, measles and
whooping cough are much more like
ly to be contracted when the child
has a cold. You will see from this
that more real danger turks in cold
than in any other Of the common all
ments. The easiest and quickest way
to cure cold is to take Chamber
lain's Cough Reemdy The many re-
marIable cures effected by this prep
aration have made it a staple article
f trade over large part Of the
prld. For sale by Frank Hart and
lAdihg druggists.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
An Things Modern.

"The Modern" the beautiful ton.
sorial establishment OF arthur E.
Petersen, at s72 Commercial street in
this city, Is unquestionably the real
resort for the most perfect treatment
in this behalf, and the most critical
finds nothing to criticize there, how
soever often he visits the place.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
Notice.

All persons indebted to the Acme
Dairy Co. are requested to call and
settle their account at once. Those
having claims against the company
will please present them for payment.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
The Clean Man.

The man who delights in personal
cleanliness, and enjoys his shave,
shampoo, haircut, and bath, in As
toria, always goes to the Occident
barber shop for these things - and
gets them at their best.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
STATEMENT or
ASTORIA SAVINGS BANK
Al the close Of Business, September 2s 1908.
For chapped Skin.
Al he eIO,s d I.u,Ins... Ssptsmbsr q. B

Chapped skin whether on the hands
or face may be cured in one night by
applying Chamberlain's Salve. 1t is
also unequalled for sore nipples,
burns and scalds. For sale by Frank
Hart and leading druggists.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
poRTLAND's PROBLEM.

1t would seem that the Oregon me-
tropolis has raised an insoluble prob
lem in the issuance Of its drastic fiat
against the demi-monde; has bitten
Off moral mouthful it may neither
masticate, nor digest; and most, even
tually, recall the signal, yet manifest
ly imperative point of its sweeping
order.
In tn light Of all municipal history
in this relation the country is given
to wondering where the Portland
people draw their assurance from in
this grave premise; it has been dem
onstrated so often, and so logically,
that these wholesale "purihcations"
are farcial and inadequate, that the
extraordinary terms of the Portland
police order seem ridiculous and the
outcome primarily fatuous and futile.
Where are these women to turn
for shelter and sustenance and the
common essentials Of existance?. 1t
must be conceded that they are alive,
and human, and amenable to the nee
essities and exactions of ordinary
subsistence. They must clothe and
feed themselves, must rest, and sleep
and strive and struggle to maintain
the wretched life all have not the
courage to lay down at the tentative
behest of the puritanical moralists
behind such movements
There is a rational philosophy that
is always adequate for the handling
of these grave issues. If it be not
the gentle and inspiring patience Of
the Divine Master with the woman
Of Samaria," it may be the wise and
orderly ministration Of police regula-
ton that fixes the limitations of hab-
itat, and commerce and social deal
ing; both Of which doctrines seem to
have been ignored in the Portland
premise.
For a great city to be deliberately
cut upen one of its own foulest fes-
ters and distribute contagious eman-
ations over its municipal body; force
them abroad upon other communities,
and infect even the countryside about
it, is a criminal and idiotic thing to
do; and, in the light of all the human
experience teaches, in this relation,
reacts with vastly increased ratio Of
evil upon the place and people re-
sponsible for it.
This case amounts to an open con-
fession that Portland is without a
police force or program adequate to
take care of an inevitable and insep-
arabic element of police interest and
ministration; that it must shake off
its own responsibilities in this re-
gard and pass them on to other pla-
ces and people to bear and regulate;
that the sum Of its civic duty is done
when it has spread its own infection
farther and deeper at home, and in
noculated, or added to, the range of
wretchedness in sister-towns.
1t is the same old story; but the
Portland telling Of it is shade stu
pider thas any we recall just at the
moment; and for her sake and the
sake Of all who must share in the
mess, we hope the administrative
gumption up there will intervene ov-
er, and against, the irresponsibiles
chargeable with this extreme and i'm
practicable policy.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04

kitchen and dining room service are
Of the positive best. Private dining
rooms for ladies. One call inspires
regular custom. Try 1t. Commercial
street, opposite Page building.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
Moe Than Enough = Too lEuch.

To maintain health, mature man
or woman needs just enough food to
repair the waste and supply energy
and body heat. The habitual con
sumption of more food than is neces-
sary for these purposes is the prime
cause Of stomach troubles, rheuma-
tism and disorders Of the kidneys. If
troubled with indigestion, revise your
diet, let reason and not appetite con
troll and take few doses Of Cham
berlain's Stomach and Liver Tiblets
and you will soon be all right again.
For sale by Frank Hart and leading
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
ASTORIA ATHLETICS.

The prospects for very genuine
success in athletic culture and
amusement in Astoria are bright, and
will no doubt be made the most of
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
TO-DAY
COAL AND WOOD

If you want a q Aod load Of fir or
lockwood, or Of coalking up Kelly the
COAL AND WoND DEALER
Good houshold and 8 Sam coal deliv-
cred at $3.50.
Phone Main 2lol, Barn, l2th & Duane
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
THE WEATHER

Oregon-Fair, warmer in east por-
tion.
Washington-Fair except possibly
showers along coast; slightly warmer.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
For sac.

Twelve shares Northern OysNr
companies stock, one hundred an
thirty dollars (l30) per share. Appll
Imperial Restaurant. 8-9-tf
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
The Palace restaurant.

ANY phase Of hunger can be daintily
grati6ed at any hour Of the day o.
night at the Palace Restaurant. The
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
New Grocery Store!

Try our own mixture of coA the
J. P. B. Fresh fruit and veg Nables.
Badollet & Co., grocers. Phon Mar
1881.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
COFFEE

Good grocers like Schil-
ling's Best, for it makes
goodwill and nottrouble.;
in case Of complaint, the
money is ready.
Ysss srocsF returns ySu' @oasy iyss dos's
mats ws pay hin.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04

The very best board tobe obtained
in the city is at "ThA Occident
Hotel" Rates very reasorble.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04

tsubscribe to The Morning Astorian
50 cents per month by carrier,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04

'Apcribe to the Morning Astorian,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04

sxcep, Monday BY THE J. $. DELLINoER CO.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04

Entered econdclass matter July So 1906 the postoc'
ora Oregon under the act Of Congress Of March 1879
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
WEEKLY ASToRIAN.

mail per year in advance ,...,..
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1908-10-04
SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

~ maa per year s,.'''.'s'''' '' -
BY carrie per month ,,.....,.......,.....
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18

graso, y por TODD derecho 81 can
didato no debe ser otro que nues.
tro delegado actual, el Hon, w.
Andrews, pues asi como el
candidate presidential cumplio
TODD deber con su partido y con
su patria, de igual modo ha Mr..
Andrews cumplido toda demanda
hecha sobre 81 por sus constitu-
yentes. Habiendo hecho bien su
deber, 81 pueblo de Nuevo Mexico
seria verdaderamente ingrato 81
desc la preferential a otro candi
dato. No solamente ESQ, sine que
por SD intluencia el partido nacio'
nal SO ha declarado por el estado
para Nuevo Mexico y ning1n
hombre en- ell territorio esta me-
,jor preparado para cuidar que Ia
declaration en- la plataforma Re-
publica sea Nevada d efecto,
Como harmonic en- las filas
del partido en- 10 nacional, es un
augurio de una gran victoria en-
la election de Noviembre, asi
mismo asegurara ell retorno de
un delegado Republican, de Nue.
70 Mexico, y Ell Argus no We min
guna razon buena para que los
jefes del partido no convengan en-
que Andrews es Ell hombre, y ha-
biendo convenido, no 10 elijan con
mayoria decisiva."
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18

Con ell Gobernador Curry y 81
Delegado Andrews dando la vuel-
ia en- rededor del cfrculo en- Nue.
vo Mexico durante los pocos
meses venideros, ell Journal de la
Hacienda y sus satellites tendrAn
que levantar tanta polvareda
como possible a fin de cegar poll
ticamente mas que una escuadra
de cabo de votantes. Una como
cencia trabada con ell executive
principal del territorio y con su
representante en- oil Congreso
esta segura de convencer al mas
preocupado de que estos gefes
Republicans no comen genie,
sine dnicamente son ciudadanos
simples que estan procurando
con sus deberes segun
Sc presentan y tienen exito emf
nente en- cualquier cosa que EN-.
prenden para beneicio de la co
munidad. No hay NADIA como un
buen apreton de manos para des-
vanecer preocupaciones del gene
70 fomentado por los embustes
d~ifamatorios y despreciables del
Journal de la Hacienda.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18
81 iMPuEsTo PARA cAMlNos.

Levando un impuesto de CAM
nos sobre cada ciudadano var6n
de la ciudad de Santa F6, es una
idea buena 81 Sc ejecuta con igual'
dad y 81 Ell dinero derivado del
mismo Sc expende con acierto
para mejoras permaneLtes. En-
10 pasado, las levas regulares de
tasaci6n y especialmente la capt.
taci6n han sido recaudadas de So
parte de los ciudadanos,
mientras que aquellos que no pa
garon quedaron exentos, pues
ningun esfuerzo real Sc ha hechO
8 Sc esta hacienda para recaudar
tasaciones delincuentes. 81 ell
mismo metodo ha de prevalecer
en- la recaudaci0n del impuest0
municipal para caminos, el con-
tribuyehte ordinario Sc resistira
y Sc opondra a su recaudacion.
Debe haberenforzamiento de una
pena por delincuencia y una re
caudacion forzoza de aquellos que
no pagan. De otra manera, el
impuesto para caminos es echar
una carga sobre los pocos que va
estan soportando todas las otras
cargas de tasaci6n. En- una re-
publica ning1n ciudadano, no i'm
porta Guam pobre sea, debe estar
exento de al menos una porci6n
del pago de tasaciones y la CAPT
tacion y Ell impusto de caminos es
un buen metodo para alcanzar a
aouellos que sc escapan de pagan
tasacion sobre propiedad. I'm
hombre que contrlbuye con un
peso para Ell gobierno y mejora
de su plaza esta propensoa ser
IN ciudadano mejor, 8 al menos
mas vigilante, que aquel que Sc
escapa de todas contribuciones
destinadas al bienestar pGblico 8
insiste en- gozar igualmente de
todos los benefcios.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18

Las probabilidades del 6xito
Republican, en- ell territorio han
sido mejoradas por la nomination
de William Jennings Bryan como
candidate Democratic para la
presidential Su derrota es una
termination inevitable, y por 10
tanto, la election de William Fl.
Taft esta asegurada. ESQ signif-
ca que habra una administration
Republican, y una mayoria en-
ambas camaras del Congreso
Sexagesimo Primero durante los
cuatro amos venideros. FL pueblo
de Nuevo Mexico ha aprendido
por la experienced que solo pue-
den esperar Ell estado y favores
de la administration nacional
Republicans y 81 corgreso que
contiene una mayoria Republica-
ma. Los votantes del territorio,
por 10 tanto, concluiran que a fin
de conseguir Ell estado y otras
|leyes beneiciosas para su comu'
nidad, sera para ellos Ia mejor
polftica elegir los candidates
Republicans para delegado a.
Congreso y una mayoria de ellos
a la asamblea legislative trigesi'
ma octave. No hay necesidad dc
mas argumentos q esta saxon
acerca de esta proposition. Es
demasiado clara y simple.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18

The Melrose Enterprise que
representa- al pueblo de aquella
horeciente plaza en- ell condado de
Roosevelt es tirme creyente en- la
selection del Delegado w. HI.
Andrews como candidate Repn-
bliicano para delegado al Congre-
so Seyagesimo Primero y en- len
guaje claro dice;
Gal instru.r a los delegados a Ia
convention territorial para que
voten y trabajen por la nomina-
ci6n de W. H. Andrews como de-
legado al Congreso, los Republi-
canos del condado de Roosevelt
hicieron una cosa propia, y nos
causaria gran placer yer q los
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18


En- 1872 huvo mucha diarrea, Olsen
terra y cholera infamtum. Fue enton-
ces cuando Ell Remedio Chamberlain
contra Ell Colico, Colera y Diarrea en-
tro primera vez on uso Probo tener
mas exito que ningun otro remedio O
tratamiento. Y por treinta y cinco
amos ha mantenido ese registro. De
un pequeno principle su venta y uso
Sc ha extendido a todas parties de los
Estados Unidos y a muchos paises ex-
t~ranjeros. Nueve boticarios entire ca
da diez 10 recommendation cuando Sc les
pida sn opinion, aunque tienen otras
medicinas que les dan mayor ganan-
cha. Siempre puede dependerse de ell,
aun en- los casos mas graves y peligro-
sos. De venta IN todas las boticas.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18
Ell AuLLIDo TocANTE A FRAUDEs
DE ELEccIoN.

The Deming Graphic habla con
mucha sensatez cuando afirma
que ell lamento que sera hecho
por ell candidate Larrazolo de que
fue derrotado hace dos amos por
enormos fraudes de election es
simplemente patarata polftica y
no tendra ning1n efecto con los
votantes. Larrazolo entabl6 la
contesta & hizo imprimir cerca de
1900 paginas de testimonio on
las cuales 81 y sus abogados re-
claman que 1900 votos fueron
usados fraudulentamente en- con-
ira de 81. Sin embargo, no hizo
e~sfuerzo para que la causa fuese
investigate por la comision sobre
privilegios y elecciones de la
Camara de Representatives. del
Congreso Sexagesimo y la cosa
no paso adelante. The Graphic
pone la causa muy bien cuando
dice:
"El aullido principal de la prem
sd Democratic del territorio este
ano en- contra del nominado Re-
publicano para ell Congreso sera
fraudes de elecclon, seguido de la
declaration de que semejante I'll
traje sera repetido. Este no es
sine una capa para cubrir la infe-
y debilidad del hombre
d quien estan sosteniendo de
candidate y sera considerable por
Ia genie cuerda de ambos parti-
dos como Ia peor clase de patarata
political
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18
No Pueden Ser superados.

Ell mejor de todos los maestros es la
experienced. G. M. Harden, de Silver
City, North Carolina. dice. Halo
que los Amargos Electricos hacen to-
do cuanto Sc reclama para el.os. Pa
ra intermediates de Estoniago. Riga.
do y Rinones nc pueden ser superb.
dos. La he usado y halo que es una
excelente medicinal" Mr.. Harden
tiene razon; es tambien la mejor de
todas las condolences e~stenuadas. Els
tambien la mejor para calofrlos y ma
laria. Sc vsnde bajo garantia en- to.
das las boticas..
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18
Ex ExlTo REPuBLicANo Y FL Es-
TADo DEBEN lR JuNTos.

|DLT T" TTT TT1I VM
The Belen Tribune va en- la
bnena direction cuando dice que
La fin de conseguir ell estado debe
heber una victoria Republicans
en- ell territorio oil dia 8 de No
viembre. Manifesto la situacion
propiamente en- el editorial ST.
guiente:
Isl Nuevo Mexico espera ser
admitido como estado en- la session
breve del Congreso el pr6ximo
lnvierno, con ell pasaje de un acta
de habilitacion por ell Congreso,
debe dar una gran mayoria Re
publicana en- ell venidero otono.
Este es ell 1nico modo de verlo,
cse prestara ell congreso q dar
atencion q nuestras demandas?
No debe haber duda acerca de la
eDtrada de Nuevo Mexico como
IN estado Republican,, y esa
duda debe ser refutada con tai
mayoria cual arregle 81 negocio
del TODD. La declaration en- las
resoluciones tan unanimemente
adoptadas por la convention ma,
cional Republican, de Chicago:
Favorecemos la Immediate admi-
sion de los territories de Nuevo
Mexico y Arizona como estados
Separates de la Union IS una
obligation directa sobre Of parti-
do y en- todos los votantes Repu-
blicanos del pals, 81 las palabras
signitican alguna cosa immediate
signiica de INA vez, y ninguna
otra question deberia tenar pre-
cedencia sobre esta question
principal cuando ell COngreso Sc
reuna ell proximo Diciembre. Sill
la mayoria Republican, ahora en-
ell Congreso faltare en- obedecer
las ~apremiaciones de sus consti-
tuyentes en- este particular, que
brante una promesa solemne que
no deberia ser olvidada por Ell
partido."
The Tribune podria .haber dado
mayor fuerza a su actitud ST
hubiese agregado en- su editorial
que W. H. Andrews debia ser
renominado por los Republicans
Y electo por 81 pueblo 81 real y
sinceramente deseaba ell estado.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18

III Nuevo Descubrimiento del DR..
King es oil remedio que hace la cura,
otros prometen pero faltan en- cum
plir," dice Ia Sra. p. r.. Pierson. de
Auburn, Center. Pa, me esta curan.
do de enfermedad de garganta y pull
mones que he tenido largo tempo, ia
cual otros tratamientos no aliviaron
sino temporalmente. III Nuevo Des-
cubrimiento me esta hacienda tanto
bien que me slento coniiada que 81
uso continue por un periodic razonable
de tempo me restitituira a perfecta
Aud" Este renombrado remedio pa.
"a tos Y resfriadoi y sanador de gar.
ganta y puImon Sc yende en- todas las
boticas a soc. y $1.00. Botella de
prueba gratis.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1908-07-18
PeIoteros y corredores ! Pie.

Louis J. Kruger, ex-campeon en- ca
rreras de larga distancia a pie en- Ale
manft y Francia. escribe:
"Durante mi preparation para ca,
rreras de a pie por ocho en-
Salt Lake City, en- ell pasado Abril,
use Ell Linimento Snow de Ballard con
satisfaction para mi.
"Por 10 tanto recomiendo altamente
ell Linimento Snow a todos los que -
tan molestados o torceduras, raspc-
mes o reumatismo." csc, SOC, y $780,"
De venta en- la Botica de Fischer y
Cha.