davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1908-05-09

sum and then finally pay off the bonds will hardly be
felt by the property owners of the Empire state o"ihs
to their immense list of taxable property.
Ohio. after 40 years of building roads by the ou
of local taxation and bond issues, in which inc
farmer had to cay practically the whole Dill, mas
nassod q state aid law which will enable 1t 10 pullu
three miles of improved roads where it has been DuilG1
ing one, without any increase whatever IN Aa'io
upon farm property. o- ~.
Virginia is the first southern state 10 Jcti 'o
state aid column for good roads. Kentucky is alive TO
the situation and is taking steps to change us cohsu-
tuition in order to be in a position to spread the ROAD o.
over all the property in the state. ~
Tn certain parts of the country, notably in the MIS-
sissinpi valley, there is an entire miSconceptlon d
what the state aid plan Of road building means. Some
imagine the state would take control of the highways
hui1d extensive roads and tax the people to pay LOT
them. others that it is a scheme to force road bulldlns
AGAINST the wishes of the farmers. Nothing could pc
farther from the truth. The state does not In any
manner under q state aid law, interfere with tae aD-
solute local control of the highways. Inc Voters y
everv township decide whether any roads snail De III
nroved what roads, to what extent, when it shall be
done. if at all. The state has absolutely no voice ID the
matter If. however, the township, by a majority vote,
decides 70 build a road under the state aid plan, 1t
makes application to the state for that purpose; the
state engineer thereupon visits the locality, goes over
tho road proposed to be improved with the local aothor-
;t;es and decides upon the character OF the improve
ment best suited to the conditions. he lnen prepaies
Mans and specifications and wnen tnese W app'o'oa
Inv the highway commissioners or other properly consul
tinted local authorities, the contract is let to the lowesS
recnonsibIe bidder and the work Is then done under the
sunervision of the state engineer. This 1nsures proper
construction and that means durability and low COST
to maintain the road afterward.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1908-05-09

Under 2 state aid law not a rod Of road could De
built unless the residents Of a township DECIDED % uo
50. Not a dollar of state money could be eHpenoe"
unless the farmers who live in the rural township
voted for Improvements.
If it should be alleged that state aid was a plan o
compel railroads, corporations. merchants ahu hanU
facturers to help build the roads, it would not be Iar
situation: if they decide to improve the roads the Quiet
reople are obliged to help pay the Dill.
In order to build roads cheaply they shouio oe
hri,t extensively. 1t costs a great deal more prop9r-
t;onatelv TO build a half mile of road than 1t does 10
build ten half miles. No contractor cares lot d snai
iob Int for a large one competition is keen. IL taxes
inst as much time and bother to get ready 10 ouilu
q mile of road as it does to build ten miles. by Du,u-
ing in the larger quantities from ~ TO 20 per ceh'' IA
cost O.; construction can be saved.
As roads properly built will last Tor a great
wears they should be built as school houses ana cou.'
houses are built, viz: by a bond issue; thus a township
under state aid could build 10, 10 or zo miles . oau
N wear. have the roads to use, and spread the pay
mont Of the same over say 10 or 20 years. If this is
done and the state aid plan prevails thefe VIII oo '"'
little. If any, increase In taxatlon.
Few people have any idea to what extent PAD roauS
interfere with travel ard how they anect the business
of the merchant in the country town. Tne IhhouS
highway commission has gathered some very Vaiuapio
data upon the effect of road and weather condl'ionS
mo, highway traffic. Observations were made at -
we'll distributed points in the state and an actusi count
was made by the vehicles passing upon diHerent ud:S
throughout each month of the year, covering all A'n"'
OF weather and road conditions.
The report shows that traffic over stone or sravel
roads was fairly uniform throughout the ye*r, white
upon the earth roads it was subject TO the WIDEST saI a.,
tons. The following figures are significant anu '"i
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1908-05-09

Australia and New Zealand, countries newer than our
own, less populous, and with nothing like our aggre-
gate wealth The fact that the rest of the world has
good roads while we have bad ones is slgnlncaht' IL
shows that the plan we have been pursulne mas no.
been successful. In three hundred years less than
eight per cent of the highways of our country nave
been permanently improved and at the rate we are go
ing il would require nearly four thousand years %
complete the Job. So as roadbuilders the people u
the United States have been a failure.
This is all the more surprising when we consider
that they are conspicuously successful IN every ouet
line of human endeavor. Millions upon "liliohS VI
dollars have been wasted in every state IN lHe uhion
upon the public roads by illtimed or mlsdirected ell
fort and with really very little to show LOT II e%
nenditure. 1t is only within the last ten or fifteen
wears that any real progress has been maze along ID
line of permanently improving the conditions.
The trouble is We have been endeavorlng to un.
tangle the snarl by pulling the wrong string. without
anv reason for doing so, the farmers OF the country, from
Maine TO California, from the very first assumed that
the country roads belonged to them and 1t was their
business to improve them, and this misconcepuon heis
sway for nearly 800 years.
few Years ago a man in New Jersey made a dis
coverv. 1t was that the highways are public property
az much so as the state house. This raised the ques,
ton: why, if the highways are public property snouu
not the public take care of its own; why should not ehe
state and all property therein contribute to building
the roads," Everybody is interested In them, every
body is affected through the markets oy the ROAD =
tjtions; they are benefited by good roads ana lhJuleo
nv had ones. The new thought spread throughout
state and finally New Jersey led the way to better CON
ditions by passing a law by which the state snouio
tr;aute onethird the money required to improve the
roads. Other states followed, increasing the proper
tion to one-half and in enc case, MASSACHUSETTS 10
three-fourths. 49,
In many cases OF the New England states farm
,ronerty is only a very small portion of the total taxable
oroperty. in some cases not ten per cent, and when the
cost IF road improvement was distributed over all prop
ertv of the state. the burden was hardly feit' ana yes
.u.rnar.pa SIMS were raised for road purposes. Best
- al the roads were built under proper SUPERVISION
snstoad of leaving it to the inexperienced hands OF the
so.a. path master.
Ten wears ago New York state began in a small
.,. n aid and appropriated $50, 1000 to start the work.
The plan grew in favor SO rapidly that within five years
she state by an overwhelming vote passed a constltu-
.sona, amendment providing for an issue of ~$50.O00,OOO
A bonds to help build the highways. What a record!
In ave years from fifty thousand to fifty millions! The
tax necessary to pay the interest on THIS enormous
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1908-05-09

of road building under state aid, one that conuenpia'o'
an expenditure of the enormous sum OF soOovV'ooo -
TON vears-enough money to improve all tne main
highways of the state. connect every community wiz
,bo market town and county seat and give a COM
nlete network of good roads from Galena to Cairo; the
plan being that the state should pay one-hai! 'he ca
nense and the townships or road districts the o'her
If $50, 900, 900 were expended in ten years, d
state would be required to raise S25,oooooo OF IT, lne4o
is in the state property to the total assessed Vaila.on
of 81. 25O. OOO, 900. To raise s~2,50O,O00 a year, or sz''-
600 600 in ten years, would require a two mill tax up
on this property: so a twomill tax applied to all the
property of the state of Illinois at the present assessor
valuation and not taking into account the possible III
crease in value thereof would produce the sum re-
Quired.
The records show that the taxing value OF an
average 100 acre farm in the corn belt OF Illinois is a
little less than 50, 1000, the actual value being approx
mate1v $40 900. A twomil state tax on this farm as
sessed on the value Of $4,000 would be exactly 81 a
year and no more, and in ten years the state lat
would be $40, which would be the farms proportion OF
the s25, 900, 900 total. Where this farm would pay $40.
one single corporation in the city of Chicago would
have to pay $4,000, another $19O,OoO, and the rail-
ways Of the state over two millions OF dollars. mus we
see by a state levy of two mills for ten years, one-hal
of the $50, 600, 900 is provided for. The other halt must
be raised by local taxation or by a bond issue.
Let us assume that the township in which the farm
in question is located votes bonds to the full constitu-
tional limit. that is, goes into debt just as far as It
can go and pays the highest interest that the law per
mits il to paw. The limit of the bond issue is five per
cent of the assessed valuation, so the amount of bonds
resting upon the farm would be five per cent. of 1000.
or exactly 500, payable one-tenth each year, with in
terest at five per cent. The total interest on this bond
issue so far as this farm is concerned, for the ten
wears would be $3.50. 3
Tins If we add the bonds ........... $1o0. 90
Interest on bonds ESQ
And the state tax ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 400
We have a total tax on the farm Of. s167. so
which is exactly the amount of the tax that would ba
levied and collected upon this farm for both state aid
and TO pay off the road bonds and interest. This amount
Is about 10h cents per acre per year and the total
charge against the farm for the whole ten years would
he s1.O5 per acre. This amount of money paid by the
farm under the state aid plan would enable the state
TO expend $50, 600, 900 upon its highways. and the ex-
nenditure of that sum would add to the value Of farm
property at least five and probably ten times as mucn
az the respective farms would be taxed in order to pay
the bill. CopyssA. 1901. By Wright 4. Patterson
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1908-05-09

IT OIGd IIdhE EdIL IOdU TCHuIHO TE "
Illinois, showed an average traffic for -FOUR uays "
March, 1906 of 65h vehicles per day. over the Sah
road in June and July the average was 389 vehlcles'
On the same days in Peoria, 60 miles away, unoer to
same weather conditions but over a hard road, inc
rattle for March was 166, and the average for June ana
July 153.
Observations at Champaign over an earth roao
showed the average for January, February ana hialch
to be 63, as against 200 for September and OCTOBER Inc
count at Decatur over a gravel road was March Nv
April, 24O; July and August, 278. Over an earth ROAD
leading into Sullivan. the count for January, February
and March was "a; August and September, 80.
While delivering an address upon goou loduS' uo
writer was once interrupted and asked IL ne ou
favor taxing the widows cottage to neip pulo uo
roads. He answered that he certainly Would' d LILO
annual tax would probably not exceed III or 10 Genus
and he gave the following illustration OF how pad road'
burden the people: A woman goes into a grocery
store for a dozen eggs and a pound OF butter. WHEN
told the prices, she protests. The grocer in DEFENSE
says: Well, you see, madam, the roads are SO pad nov.
very few farmers are coming to town, so butter anu
eggs are scarce" She pays three GEMS more LOT
the eggs and four cents more for the butte. ~ HIS
seven cents represents her bad road tax fHld III
evening. This is repeated from time to time ;1rough-
out the year, not only in her case but in hundredS VI
others in that town and in thousands OF towns through
out the length and breadth of the land. mere is uo
doubt that the woman in question would beneht through
good roads by at least ten times the amount OF the tax
on her cottage.
1t would be interesting to take a concrete example
of state aid. apply it to a typical farm in one OF the
central western states and see exactly what state AID
means so far as taxes upon that farm are concerheu.
For the purpose of illustration, let US take an average
farm of 100 acres In the corn belt of Illinois, and see
what the effect upon the taxes on that farm would Do
If the state should undertake a very vigorous campaign
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28
Common-Law Mercy.

Rather by way of apology, as the
average man with view 1t, Judge
Fremont Wood of Boise, Idaho, has
given out that his recommendation
81 mercy in the case Of Harry Or
chard Is based upon a common-law
doctrine that obtains in that state.
10 quote from the Idaho jurist:
by the statutes of Idaho the
common law is made the rule of de-
cisions in all cases not inconsistent
with the legislative laws of the
United States and Of the state. BY
the common law, when the court OF
the magistrate accepted an accom-
Dlice as a witness against code
lendant, a promise was implied or
the part of such court or magistrate
20 recommend such an accomplice tc
the merciful consideration of tbs
crown, provided the accomplice thus
accepted as witness was subsequent
u convicted of the same offense
This right has been declared to bt
. part OF our judicial system by ths
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28
Church of the Nativity lEpisco-

Church of the Nativity (EpiscO-
paD-Rev. D. ]. w. Somerville,
pastor, Eleventh street. Sunday
school at 10 a. m. Morning service
at IL. Evening service at 7:45.
The following will be the musical
part of the service in the morning:
Professional hymn, 20 Sacred Head
Surrounded by Crown of Piercing
Thorns;" Venite, Tails; Benedictus,
"Old Chant" anthem, Come Unto
Me Ye Weary (Shepherd); offer
tory solo, Miss Irene Horner; recess
sional, ''Hark, bark, My Soul" (Dy-
ers). All are invited to these serv-
ices.
The Lenten services for the week
will be: Monday, children's service
$780,; Tuesday, evening service, 8;
Friday, litany service, p. m. In.
stead of the regular meeting of tht
guild on Wednesday missionary tea
! will be held at the residence of Mrs
w. G. Seeley, Sixth avenue. All ar.
invited to come.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28
GREEN FORAGE FOR HOGS.
Results of Experiments Shown by
University Bulletin.

An especially timely bulletin has
just been issued from the Missouri
experiment station by Dean II. j.
Waters, giving the results of some
experiments to determine the value
OF different forage crops for hogs.
Thirty-six pigs weighing about SO
pounds each were fed in lots on diff
ferent forage crops in connection
with corn until they were ready for
market, accurate account being kept
of the cost of gains made.
In cheapness of gains the feeds
ranked as follows: Corn and skim
milk, cheapest; corn and alfalfa,
second; corn and red clover. third
corn and blue grass, fourth; corn
and rape, fifth; corn and ship stuff,
sixth.
A saving of about 75c hundred
in the cost of gain was effected by
using green clover instead of fresh
blue grass. A saving of 81 a hun.
dred was effected by using alfalfa
instead of blue grass.
When 1t is realized that alfalfa
comes on early and when properly
! clipped stays green all summer ant
until the very hard freezes OF earl!
winter. its Importance as hog pas
ture is apparent. Glover yields NOR
forage per acre than blue grass, ant
as shown by these experiments ha
a much higher feeding value. 1t i
of the utmost Importance, therefore
to provide this sort of pasture 70
hogs rather than to require them t
run on blue grass pasture, or evel
worse than blue grass, a timoth,
pasture, or even far worse thai
this. to conflne them in O. dry lot II
the summer time.
This bulletin recommends sue
cession of crops for profitable no.
pasture. The bulletin Is for fire
distribution. and may be had by ad
dressing the experiment station a
Columbia.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28
EDUCATION AND EXERCISE.

The faculty OF Washburn univer-
sity. Topeka, Kan, have decided to
make a course in gymnastics a COM
pulsory part Of each students work,
provided, of course, there are no
physical weaknesses that make such
exercise impossible.
This Is good rule and every
school ought to adopt 1t. The theory
that good, sound body is necessary
part of education and that a mind
can do much better work when the
physical conditions of its owner are
right is getting to be commonly ac-
cepted. No argument in behalf of
such theory is needed, for it must
be evident to any one.
Equalizing the athletic business
has long been a difficult problem
with educators. Some students want
TO do nothing but play. while others
care SO much for their books that
they seldom move faster than a walk
and do as little walking as they
can. A system that would hold In
check the overathletic and compel
mo bookworm to take a good meas
nre of exercise every day Is what
school workers are looking for.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28
LEWISTON NEEDS NEW STATION
Present Facilities Too Poor for the
City's Use.

when are we going to get the
new depot that has been promised
for the past two years." This Is
the question submitted today by n
prominent business man, who be-
lieves the time has come when the
Northern Pacific should provide bet
ter depot accommodations.
"The service at the depot is not
in keeping with the volume of bust
ness the railroad company secured
in this territory" he said, land
some influence should be brought to
induce the railroad company to
make such Improvements as would
be a credit to the city.
"Only few evenings ago party
Of Eastern tourists reached the city
on the midnight train. They had
occasion to send a message as soon
as the train reached here, but found
the depot without a night operator
and the building poorly lighted with
kerosene lamps AS they left the
depot they were confronted with two
blocks of old buildings suggestive
of a deserted mining town, as they
| termed it, and were entirely unfa-
vorably impressed when they reach
| ed the better part of the city.
at may seem like a small thing
! to have a string of old shacks lead
| ing from the depot and to have de-
pot accommodations BETTING town
of 1900 people, but it is neverthe-
less true that the first impression
the visitor receives has material
influence in the formation of his
opinion of the town, and as many
of the visitors go to the hotels ant
do not know of the residence dis
tricts, the impressinos are not ia
vorable for Lewiston.
"The one waiting room PROPOSE
ton is entirely inadequate to thu
needs of Lewiston. Ladies waiting
for trains are compelled to breathe
the fumes Of stale tobacco smoke ant
he herded with all classes or seel
the fresh air on the platform.
eve have heard of the plans TO
new depot for the past two years
and we are soon to have the adde'
train service from Riparia. and !
would seem that something might b
done to get this new depot unde
way at once, so that more agreeabl
surroundings would be provided TO
the people who realize the railroa
company"
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28


supreme court or the United States
and by the supreme court of several
states"
Judicially, this reasoning has
fair appearances; but, as We revert to
the matter OF furnishing the murder
er of Ex-Governor Steunenberg 1t
seems to lack force. Suppose that
Orchard did not tell the truth. TWEEN
ty-four Idaho jurymen-farmers for
the most part, who, ii biased at all,
would be biased against rather than
in favor Of the labor union, believed
he did not tell the truth. They de-
clared that the men he implicated as
accomplices were innocent Of the
crime with which Orchards confess
sion charged them. Judicially
speaking, this leaves the crime
wholly with Orchard. He says that
he killed Steunenberg and that he
killed quite a list of other people.
There is no doubt that he is the
man the Idaho authorities want to
punish if they are sincere when
they say that they want to punish
the man who killed their late ex-
governor.
The nice question arises, as we
dismiss this urgent desire of the au-
thorities to punish the actual muir
derer, does the common law contem-
plate immunity where the testimony
of the alleged accomplice proves
only that he was the principal? 1T
can make no difference what men
believe privately about the matter;
two iuries, regularly impaneled in
the Idaho courts, have declared thar
Orchard did not tell the truth as to
the completely of others. Orchard
confession, on the other hand, stands
as his own condemnation. In any
judicial sence, how may he be IA
vored without outraging justice p
Portland Telegram.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28
AT THE CHURCHES TOMORROW

First Methodist Episcopal Churcn
Robert ]. Reid minister. Phone,
Main 50. Residence, sos Sixth ave.
nue. Sunday school at 10 a. m''
Prof. R. N. Wright, superintendent.
Preaching at II a.. m. and ToO p. IN.
Morning subject, Holy Boldness.
Solo, LAS Pants the Heart adapted
to Handlers. Largo by P. II. quill
liam, violin obligato by Mr.. Bassett.
Evening subject, 1.-The Great Arbi-
tration." Evangelistic services Will
be conducted Monday, Tuesday ana
Wednesday evenings. Friday at 2:3O
D. m, the w. F. M. s. will hold It's
regular meeting at the home of Mrs.
Jerome, 1919 Ninth avenue. A cor
dial invitation is extended to all to
worship with us.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28
RIDGELY FOR BANK PRESIDENT
Controller of Currency Has Resign
ed to Accept.

WASHINGTON. March 2S.-Will-
lam B. Ridgely, controller of the
currency, has handed his resigna-
tion to President Roosevelt and will
become president of the National
Bank of Commerce of Kansas City
He will be succeeded as controlled
by Lawrence o. Murray. at present
assistant secretary Of commerce and
labor and former deputy controller
of the currency.
Mr.. Ridgely stated today that al
of the conditions imposed by tho
controllers Office for the reorganiza
ton of the National Bank of Com
merce will be complied with. Tht
bank will resume next Monday.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28
Deafness Cannot Be Cured

by local applications, as they can.
lot reach the diseased portion of tina
ear. There Is only one way to cure
deafness. and that is by constitu
tional remedies. Deafness is caused
by an intlamed condition of the mu-
cous lining of the Eustachian Tube.
When this tube is infiamed you have
q rumbling sound or imperfect hear
ing. and when 1t Is entirely closed
Deafness is the result, and unless
the Inflammation can be taken out
and this tube restored to it's normal
condition. hearing will be destroyed
forever; nine cases out of ten are
caused by Catarrh, which is nothing
but an inf1amed condition of the
mucous surfaces
We will give One Hundred Dollars
for any case of Dee fness (caused by
catarrh) that cannot be cured BY
Halls Catarrh Cure. Send for cir
culars, free.
F. J. CHENEY & CO.. Toledo, O.
Sold by Druggists. 75c.
Take Halls Family Pills for con.
stipation.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1908-03-28

Presbyterian Church-Wm. Latti-
more. pastor. Sabbath school at 10
a. m, G.. A. Swanson, superinten-
dent. Morning service at II a. m.
Subject, 1.-The Savior" Solo, Mrs. s.
Leslie Thompson. Christian Endeav-
or at $50 p. m. Evening service at
1880 p. M, subject, Cornelius. Mu-
sic, selected. Prayer meeting We'd
nesday evening. You are invited to
worship with us.