Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-04-26

principally due to teeth in different per-
sons. In some individuals the lower line
of the under Jaw is much less horizontal
than in others. the effect being less prom
inent-that II. a more backward chin. The
chin is always more developed in man
than I'm woman. and In the adult more
than in the infant. The angle or a mans
lower jaw is more of rish; angle; Of a
womans. more OF an obtuse angie. with
the result that her face In more rounded
and more infantile. Children who habit
ually suck their fingers develop protrud-
ing teeth. resulting In apparently receding
chins. The inclination of the forehead and
chin is recorded in terms of the facial
angle"
How do you measure the facial angler?
Mostly by this instrument. the gonio-
meter. II marks of the profile OF the
face in a triangle. with sides running
from the opening Of the ear to the root of
the Mise. then TO point between the mid
die front teeth Of the upper jaw. then back
again to the opening OF the ear The
angle between the two lines running down
to the teeth II the one actually measured
by scale such as that on a pair Of COM
passes. The smaller this angle the
greater the prominence. or prognathism.
of the face. which characteristic Is small
in the white race and great In the African
and Ocea MIC and slightly smaller among
men than among women. 1T IL racial
and TO some extent sexual difference
that is : soiutely no index to character.
Isn't the high-bridged nose-the So
called 'natrician nose'-an indication or
advanced evolution?'
mo. The notifications Of the nose are.
so far as We know. meaningless-merely
hereditary notifications running in fami-
lies. localities and races In certain To-
cslities one kind of nose predominates
through local heredity. The white race
as a whole Is characterized by narrow
nose. and the negro-at the other ex-
treme-by a broad one. The Roman.
aquilne and retrousse noses. for exam
pie. are in all probability merely individual
variations multiplied by heredity in some
| localities. Climate probably has some in
huence in shaping the nose. Even among
our Indians VIZ are finding all classes OF
noses. The high-bridged nose is found
more among men than among women
and generally in long-headed white peo-
pie with long and narrow faces
And the Greek nose?
1T was the classic sculptor's ideal and
not typical OF the ancient Greek. You
| scarcely ever see II today. and IL was
| probably as scarce in the days when the
/ Hellenic people fourished.
The Eye Reflects Mentality.
But the eye-will you not admit that
| ii reflects character
There is no DOUBT that the eye reflects
degrees Of mental activity-the eye and its
surrounding muscles. which are in play
with those controlling the entire express
sion of the face.
Eyes differ also according to sex. race
and age. The round eye of the woman
and the child is due to the absence OF the
| bony ridges above, which. as they In
| crease in the adult. especially the male.
| narrow the orbits. The racial differences
are principally in the slant of the eye
| lids those of the white and black races
being nearly horizontal. and those of the
yellow and brown peoples slantfng up
ward at the outer corners. We find among
people generally that the right eye often
slants upward more than the left:
| ITO return to- expression-that, a
course is an index to character
when not artificial IT is an index to
mental states. Since the animal stage
of man the muscles OF the face have been
used. as adjuncts to speech. to convey
| Impressions. and in this way tl,eir rela-
tons to thought became more and more
established Each degree of feeling has
its characteristic muscular action. but
these actions are not uniform in all per-
sons there are exaggerations Of ex.
preston, due apparently to pathological
causes. There are also artificial diner
ences. A man may assume dignity by
keeping the muscles OF his face calm
while he feels mirthful or otherwise
There are also sex differences.
Normally womansl face has q greater
play OIL expression than has mans. and
she calls more to her aid not only the
muscles controlling the face. but those
moving the neck ana nedu Anu Iol
some women. notably. the French. not
ever these muscles suffice to express
emotion: so those of the shoulders and
hands are brought into play: but more
or less of this is merely habit.
There are degrees OF natural expires.
sion more apparent than real. Thus upor
the face of a man with naturally heavy
jaw. cheek bones and orbital ridges
| thtIse over the eyebrows-an amount OF
anger will produce a much more i'm
| proSSiye effact than will the same
amount Of anger upon the face of an
other man with delicate features
$50 there is no truth in the doctrines
Of our old friends, the phrenologists and
physiognomists?"
The only indexes to mentality to be
fodnd in the head and face of man are
the size of the brain. the behavior al
the eyes and the action of the muscles
which contribute to facial expression.
JOHN ELFRETH WATKINS.