The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-08-30

is cognate with the Lithuanian galiu. T can" and old Slavonic golemu. great"
 The term has had varied ap- piication. From the fourth to the seventh cencury, inclusive. 1t was applied especially to the non-Irtsh people of the Scotch low lands and of Northern England. From the eighth to the twelfth centuries Its special application was to the Norse- men. both Norwegians and Danes. Since the twelfth century the Irish have applied 1t especially to the Eng fish. The Breton calls the Frenchnnan n Gall. The Welsh Gal was one Of the Belgian Gauls. Among the Ros mans 1t was the especial designation of the continental Celts in Gaul. Spain. Italy, the Balkan Peninsula ana Asia Minor. To the Greeks 1t denoted es- pecially the celts to their northward and that branch that crossed over into Asia and became the Galatians.
 The patronymic prefix Mac has been explained under Macdonald in No. of this series.
 Walker.
 This occupative surname takes us back several centuries in the industrial glimpse into the quaint and primi- tive methods that preceded the advent of the ubiquitous and omnific machine. No industry has done more to en- rich our English onomatoiosy than that connected with the early manu- facture and trade in cloth. Yet after the conquest the major part of the wool produced in England was export ed to Flanders to be made into cloth. This was finally forbidden by a stat ute of Edward III. whose policy was | to foster and protect home industries. It was soon found that the English weavers, etc. could not make enough cloth for the nation. so foreign work men were invited to England. Many of the Flemines came and the industry rapidly spread all over the land.
 About this time Langiand in Piers the Plowman" (B. text, XIV. "A. ff.l. gives us some of the details concern ing the history of the cloth after it has left the weaver's hands:
 Cloth that cometh fro the weuying Is nought comfy to were,
 Tyl 1t is fulled vnder fote
 Or In fullyng-stokkes, And with taseles cracched.
 Ytouked and ytented
 And vnder tailloures hands-"
 The special work of the walker was was this fulling under foot which he did by treading and stamping upon the cloth in much the same way as Scotch washerwomen wash clothes by stamping them with their bare feet.
 A reference to this earlier practice of treading the cloth Is found in a complaint addressed to Edward ", relative to the fulling of hats and caps in the fuiling-mills of the time. It cites that hats, caps and bonnets had hitherto been made, wrought, fuiied and thicked in the wonted manner "mayns ct pees" thands and feet), and then complains of the inferior articles brought into the markets by the use of mills.
 The walker Is then synonymous with the fuller of cloth. So wyclifs yer sion of the Transfiguration speaks of Christ's raiment shining so as no "ful- lere or walkere of cloth'' may make white upon earth. In the north of England fuller's earth is still called walkers clay" with which we may compare the German walkererde. On both sides of the Scottish border a mill" So Wauk Mill is the name of place in Haddington and Walker burn in Innerleithen is the burn or stream in which the walking cloth was done.
 The surname. which appears as Ie Walkare on the Hundred Rolls of 1273, is now found to be mainly character istic of the mldlands and the North of England. In the former 1t is most fre- quent in Derbyshire and Nottingham shire; in the latter. in Durham and Yorkshire. It early gerpssed the Bor-
 lssz N.-e