davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05
Noted Speakers Discuss Subjects Of Live Interest to Farmers

believe the cured hay has feeding
value equal to any. being about equal.
IN our opinion to Alfalfa, Of which we
IL the hay is properly cured and prop
erly cared for, no make hay we usu-
ally start the mowers when the fields
are juat passed fmll bloom PIC, n, and ,m When wns
SONS. The hay is allowed to remain
on the ground or in, wind rows unit
dry and then housed. We have har.
Vested as mue, as fifteen or twenty ICY
cows, and after an experience OF ten
or twelve years we. have had no bad
results and our stock Is easily kept IN
good and thrifty condition while feed
Ing on 1t.
notwithstanding Agriculture.
German clover culture is revolu-
tionizing agriculture in our section,
and every farmer using 1t Is improving
his lands rapidly. both In fertility and
mechanical condition We consider 1t
the greatest boon to agrifu,t t , eyer
that any land in southside Virginia
that can be made to produce crop
can be made rich We are IN the
nursery and fruit business. and before
we began to grow German clover we
Now we are corn and hay sellers.
though we have increased our number
OF farm animals In the last few years.
Now nearly all of our progressive
farmers are seeding German clover at
the last working of the corn; also IN
their stubbIe fields. even when they do
not care to use 1t for hay. 1t pro-
duces winter cover for the land, pre-.
vents it from teaching. and is the most
inexpensive crop that We can grow.
We have seen no advantage In turning
under the crop of clover unless the
land is much in need Of humus. The
stubble and roots give humus enough
in most instances. We know OF no ny,
feed equal to German clover, green -. ..
Il makes mich cows produce the rich
est yellow butter in the largest guam
titv. and we see no reason why dairiss
should not be established IN Middie
Virginia II this system is adopted
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05
Reproduction Of
Plant Life

Reproduction OF plant life was DIS
cussed in thoughtful and carefully
prepared paper at the morning SEES
sion by DIR. Faul b. Barringer, presl-
dent OF the Virginia Polytechnic In
stitute, at Blucksburg. Though the sub
ject was technical and scientific IN
character, DR.. Barrtnger popularized
his address by blackboard illustrations.
and he secured the close attention OF
constantly increasing audience. He
said in part: 4s
There is little doubt that life hrst
appeared on this planet in the water
in the sea. AS a result water has al
ways been, and probably will forever
be necessary. in greater or less degree
to every form OF living matter. It
must be remembered that these early
seas were not salt. The sea water Of
to-day is the result OF ages of evapo-
ration andi concentration.
TT is equally certain that through
the action OF the tides--bcing strand
ed for longer or shorter intervals on
the sand OF the aeashore-some OF the
simple marine forma became In time
accustomed to the earth. and terres-
trial life had its beginning.
Change in Habitat.
''While immateriai to us where this
ChanEe III sHuUltdI. LlTsl toVAN
1T was probably on the shore OF some
tropical sea, where the SUMS energy
never waned, and seasonal changes
were practically unknown. Under
these conditions. presented by the ricn.
steaming. mud flats of the tropics, we
can readily imagine this change made
perfect. and the early modification OF
the original plant form evolved
an the sea, these vegetable cells
had the sun as their source OF energy.
they had their water and their 1000
dissolved in the water around them.
They were subject to but slight diurnal
or seasonal change in temperature
while in the sea. and little variation
In the supply OF food. The currents
OF the sea that brought their food
bore away their waste products. anu
life was extremely simple. The mass
of the sea was so great that the sea-
sonal variations In temperature rarely
ever exceeded the changes We ses In II
singh day in the atmosphere
Difficulties Overcome.
1--WE see plants on the seashore TO.
day still half-marine and haif-terres-
trial, which would die II taken from
the shore. but when we look back on
the day when the first plant found its
footing on the sand beyond the limits
Of the tide-flow. and was forced 10
start upon an independent life. under
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05

absolutely new conditions, we cannot
fail to be impressed by the magnitude
of the task imposed upon IT. "A plant
rooted and bound fast to the SOIL OF
the earth, unable to move. and yet de-
pendent for it's energy upon the sun
light which varies annually. both IN
angle and seasonal intensity, and yet
charged with the task Of perpetuattn6
its species, faced a problem not un'
worthy of our philosophic considcra-
ton. When we consider also the TACT
that the plants own needs must IN
time exhaust the soil in which 1t lives
of Its available plant food. leaving none
for its successors, and still further
that the fact that sometimes the very
activities by which 1t lives. In time
produces in the soil in which 1t is
Embedded. posons which not only
shorten It's own life, but render its
we see some OF the difficulties which
have been overcome by the simpler
forms of life.
"As we know, animal life meets
these seasonal changes and other con-
ditions In various ways-man prepares
for winter by laying in fuel; the
squirrel stores up nuts for food; the
dormouse and the bear, In cold cl.-
mates, hibernate; some birds migrate,
etc, etc. The plant alone must hold its
ground. and by infinite resource over
come the threatening dangers.
"What we call for lack of better
name humus, is not simply decaying
vegetable matter of the grosscr sort
| 1t is decaying plant matter, plus the
bacterial flora that infects every plant
when dead. and the value Of humus In
J making soil food available is due as
much to the bacteria as to the decl-
duous downfall from the tree or plant.
| What Is true of the tree Is in like
manner true Of the small plant.
Attack the Living.
But some of these bacteria are not
! content to attack only the dead: some
] attack the living. Among, q certain
group OF plants which we will call the
legumes, as the locusts, peas. beans
clovers, etc. 1t Is found that certain
bacteria Will enter the living hair cells
and make their way into the small
rootlets where they produce changes Of
the utmost Importance.
IF we consider the conditions THAI
now race the rooted plant, we will sot
mat belrs bound fast IN the soil INT
! compelled to live there on food SUD
Iply necessarily limited, it's first need
for Its offspring is a change of soil. I
change OBLIGATION and secondly. tina
as It's source OF energy. the sunlight
IS certain to diminish from the EARTH
planetary motion, 1t must In most ell
i mates prepare fer perod OF diminished
activity. and physical stress; viz,
II season of winter.
The cells of these roots now begil
70 take on new growth much like TIL
cells Of cancer In animal tissues. an
large tnmor or tubercle is aeel
, growing out from one side 81 I, he root
) While In this tubercle may ba seen n
y numerous progeny OF the hacteriaIn
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05

loving, as his address did. the remarks
OF welcome OF the. Governor and
Mr.. Sandy. Mr.. Beilwood brought
down the house by. remarking that,
while not Mayor or a Governor, nor
yet doctor or professor. ne was yel ,
a successful farmer.
Virginia's Inducements.
Discussing his own removal to vir-
ginia and his success with n. n IN Tee
he had come to the conclusion that
Virginia offered to farmer fairer IN
JUDGEMENTS than almost any place IN
on on to tell tell Of trip which he had re.
Which Which lie h1 had Investigated the large
farming operations Of the prIasirlest s ana
and the problems Of irrigation and
drainage. "a, =.
After touring pretty NM much BALM, al oo o.
sh'S re fopnedy 10 %irsna With the
yiction confirmed that Virginia ais Is the the
| to start farming. mr., 80
as well own up to it. Conditions are
not what they were twenty years ago
when came here t nmd h, ratlon 1lss We
must i pay larger wages, but II we GO g
at it in the right way the problem IS
not so bad as it looks In the D ,'is |,
where I visited. they We're paying -
and 50 a day for farm labor. but they
gave the men six Or eight horse sm,e 70
drive and !, e1E R5oM o G'a OUR an @
S Mora On az virginia farm. saw out
there a man driving eight or ten horses $ e$
| to a wide drag or harrow; WIN sott
Of tricycle. behind with high whee ~ !
and he sat !, e on - power, Vent right
,alonr at three or three and haiI
miles an hour instead q 81 tnH ty nesre
creeping pace q sne ,o, w hsve TO sight
h hil hy n q fe,nce-post to see II he is
moving. ,,+ there were
Finder Of my boyho where; Two men me,
4 nut up two acres day. ana an! t ~ ,s,a a..
A they had done days WorR. o, q, ~ stt.
\ ting tin on his binder In Dakota cutt !, n 9
TIVE, iWent vas acres day. That mar
driving the binder got " % ,a day: a om
thsre' T Srtyins on 'Ae train 81 wagon!
hitched together with eight or ter
horses. IN Virginia we throW ON
4Ao n saw Win ii field in North carolln.
since coming home, twenty-slx horses
land mules and Twenty-Five peQp!'
driving them to cultivators and SINAI
\ p NEWT | don't wonder such a farmint
Community is not pgoapearoas, VIII t1t
,nan wonid he doing the, whole work
at at higher wages, It is. true, but tn
WAGES would be earned. The Mayo
!, said In his remarks that he usual
ana vest, the trouble. with Yirgini
! farming to-day, there Us too much re
\ nose ana rest. The man who Woul
!, make "a success Of farming, as N an
J other business. must be at " arly an
,llnte," s,t \. A ~ ~ n s5i SKI 4 NJ " e
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05
Apple Culture
and the Orchard

apple culture and the farm orchard
i.MsIs pictured in glowing terms by
/ laonn; samuel 3, Woods. former Mayor
e. ~, .,hehasiostesSille and prosperous
| Mr.. Woods opened with a eranhic
lptcture of the delights of the orchard
10 the jewellers on the farm. even
!:tMht a me orchard is not made one OF
EscrIbing the healthy condition of his
Town children; who daily ate large
of apples. both green and
af1lpe. he went on:
PEAR great deal these days about
The necessity of doing something to
1 Aeep the ooSs on the farm. There is
fa genera lex exodus of bright, and enter
4 IRON the farm to the city, and the
81 question is how TO get them to hold
on the purer, better and more salts
t1 tlcta,., NE IN The country and pass by
The hoy on the farm, make the farm
attractive, make It comfortable, and
u. make II to bis Interest, and the oues-
4 ZION VIII solve itself. And there are
u tthe attractlveness and comforts of
& YARN life than the orchard. 1t pleases
ne eye with its beauty and lends grace
and refinement to the appearance az
& the thome, and from the time the Juns
n Apples ripen and answer that craving.
a OF humanity for fresh fruit to he
g6WlnIer evenings, when the storm ra pes
i the snow drifts. as the wind howls
q around the house and the family gath
Il ers around the fireplace. with a big
" bhsket within easy reach. the appi1
Il mil listers 10 the pleasure. comfort and
Il health Of all
+,,ss stock in Orchards.
1.-THE orchard should never have
~ stock running in ii unless 1t be hogs
bOr after the trees are quite old sheep
1.-THE trees should receive proper at.
tention; they need 1t and will pay fol
a ~ i have never yet found anything
worth having that grows on The farm
that does not require attention,
Il 10 not go as far as some people AM
4 SAY Ii you are not going to take car,
81 OF your fruit trees don't plant them
u plant them anyhow. whether you ar
,gotns to take care Of them or not
1 Bopa. of them Will bring forth frni
Iand will addgcomfort and value to TIL
tfarIn.
s .I@think every farm orchard ough
no contain some apples planted witt
Nhe commercial end in view, and thes
4 should he OF the winter varieties. Coco
u iapples are always salable at a fai
Il yprice IN winter:gthe stores AT which
Il you deal will be glad 10 get then
Il and they win pay the expense of spray
Wing and 81 fair profit on the entir
" outlay. There are orchards in Pied
d mont and the Valley that are payin,
from $3.50 to $3.50 per acre, and SINAI
q :sprchards we'll cultivated. apd manure
b and sprayed ought to do THIS II tree
Il Aya wEli fertilized or nanSted ever.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05
I ruck Farming
In Eastern Va.

truck farming as developed in East
ern Virginia was explained to the IN
Sessor 4 G. Johnson. of the Virginia
truck Truck Experiment station. The enor-
nous development of the trucking
business in Virginia proved surprise
even to the members Of the institute,
Mr. Johnson emphasized the I'M
Ing several formulas which had proved
effective. The use Of cowpeas and
millet for increasing the fertility of
the soil was strongly recommended.
with various preparations
for the control Of insects and fungus
diseases by the use of Paris green
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05
What Institute Means to Farmers.

can Prohao spent listening
Of
absoute
of farm
beng drawn ogher by one
other
agricultural movement
Agriculture
accept
We
lain the ng1etedl Lane
wef
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05
L abor and
the Farmer

Perhaps the most practical and I'm
mediately applicable address made be.
fore the Farmers Institute yesterday
was that of Mr. James Bellwood. OF
Chesterfield county, who urged in the
strongest terms the adaptation Of farm
work to present-day conditions. An
swering the general complaint OF the
raise In the cost OF labor. Mr.. Bell
wood said he would welcome an In
crease In the cost II II brought with
opportunity to introduce machinery
and Improved methods OF farming. Mr.
Bellwood Is himself one OF the most
the State. having come into Virginia
from Canada some twenty years since
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05

and arsenate OF lead were explained
with pictures to show the relatively
healthy condition of plants which had
been sprayed. as compared with the
backward and unhealthy condition of
the unsprayed rows in the same field.
Remarkable Development.
Mr.. johnson said that the develop
nent of truck farming in Eastern Nir-
ginia had been so quiet and gradual
that very few people outside Of the
area Immediately concerned realized
its magnitude. He continued:
Figures show that 407,497 barrels
of spinach. 246,739 barrels of kale, 1o7,-
AIS baskets Of radishes, 43l,106 barrels
Of cabbage, 1850 baskets Of peas. 49,
ofs 91 0 sse7S baes "a pos
toes. 221.260 baskets of beans, 353,5iy
melons. and over 10000 packages OF
other truck products We're shipped
the year ending, August 81. 1907. When
duced on the Eastern Shore, which.
to "Go reports
son, faint conception of the magni-
tude OF the Industry may be gained.
the region. Instead Of permitting the
ground to lie idle three to six months
in every twelve. 1t is in use con-
stantly.. One or two money crops are
used on the farm.
Control OF Insects.
"a problem almost equal to that or
troll of insects and fungous diseases.
The Colorado potato bug probably
leads as the most destructive Insect,
but 1t has close second in the .aphids,
various species of which attack such
plants as cabbage. kale, spinach, peas,
beans, melons and others. The pota-
to bug may be combatted with arsent-
cal poison. but not SO with the aphids.
large amount >of Paris green Is used
for this purpose. II is applied mostly
fifty gallons Of the liquid. It is also
used In the form Of a dust, gypsum
being employed as the carrier. The
aphids are controlled by npplying a
made a series q tests with different
| poisons for the potato bugs. and emul-
sion for the aphids, with gratifying
results. The indications are that arse
nate of lead will be a more economi-
Poison It ross less per
to the foliage much better than Paris
green. However. it should be applied
i before the bugs get a start, or It's ac-
ton seems to be slightly s sIGWsr thar
. held in check by the kerosene emul-
4 sion Il gallon saturated solution OF
I whale oil soap and 9 gallons of kero-
sene. thoroughly emnlsiled and d.
'Thie fnngous diseases have mads
! their worst attacks on cucumbers cans
taloupes. peas and beans. The station
J has had all these under treatment dur.
:, ing the season. but the work on the
enough for report. With cucumbers
and melons some very decided result,
II We're obtained"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05
Clover as Aid
to Improvement

or the many subjects presented ar the
afternoon session of the institute that
which provoked most general discus
SION was the paper on Crimson or
G I,, Glover AS An Aid to Land
The paper was pre-
Pared by Mir. j. B. Watkins. of South
sue virginia, of whom many questions
We're asked by farmers from ali sec
uons of the State. Mr.. Watkins said
in part: saiu
Crimson clover is of foreign origin.
but seemed particularly we'll adapted to
al that portion of Virginia south of
the mountains, Middle. Southside and
Eastern Shore The plant is an annual.
hence requires to be reseeded each
year The plant is of erect habit of
growth. and has great power to stool.
the leaves arc numerous the heads
are oolonS, cone-shaped, from two to
three inches long, and are large seed
producers. The average height of the
red on moderately good land is eighteen
inches. though, under very fayoruble
conditions, 1t will grow to two or three
rect The root growth is said to be
Twice that of the stem, going down
straight into the soil. Crimson clover.
as is commonly known, has lost its
right to the prefix crimson. as another
variety of this clover has been intro
duced which has white blooms. Hence
we prefer to designate the two varie-
.les as red German and white Ger
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05

Mr.. Stacey. Of Amelia, says the deleya-
tion from his county Will be greatly enlarged
to-day. He thinks Captain Rudd's train
on the Southern road. due here at $40 this
morning. will bring In Atty or moro SONS
from old Amelia ss,9
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05
P disabilities Of
Seed Growing

Confidence in the soil and In the ell
matte conditions Of Virginia showed
In every line of an address made by
MIR. Henry W. Wood, OF this city. before
the farmers yesterday morning on
The Possibilities of Seed Growing in
In general. Mr.. Wood referred to tho
Individual crops, leading up to the
conclusion that there is no State in
the Union better adapted for the de-
velopment of agricultural conditions
than Virginia. Mr.. Wood continued.
Tn my experience and travels over
this State have been especially struck
with what / may term the good ma
ture' Of Virginia soils and climate, and
made more easily on farming lands in
Virginia than in those of other Sec
tons. Indeed, the fact impresses me
that living can be made too easily
IN Virginia for our own good, and that
1t does not make our farmers and
Engriculturists put forth the efforts
which they should in order to grow the
best and most profitable crops.
I'm travelling through the prosperous
agricultural sections of Canada and
the Northwest l was very much t1t-
pressed with the thorough and sys-
their fruit In regard to cultivation.
spraying, pruning, ETC.. and am thor
oughly convinced that If the same
methods We're applied to our fruit crops
In Virginia no section could surpass 1t
in production or proftahleness.
I'm conclusion, I would state that
my own firm and fixed opinion Is that
there is no section or country on the
face of this globe that has better
soil and climate or greater possibilities
for the development OF agricultural
conditions than our own state. The
great needs or our State are Intelligent
cultivation ana rotation of crops, GOOD
roads and little more energy and in-
dustry on the part OF our peopla
Given these. Virginia will become one
Of the most attractive and prosperoun
States in our Union"
A Bedford delegation that reached the
city yesterday was composed OF Colonel
George A. Nlcols, Or. ]. @. Marshall, Major
O, Hull and Captain Macon Carter. Crops
are fiourIsh!ne." said Major Hull, "ths
drought IL broken and the prospects ara
bright, particularly for tobacco and corn"
Mr., III carrlagton ar!g saa q charIotts
and does It successfully every year. 10 Q
lnFonainant member OF the institute. A
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05

and arsenate of lead were explained
with pictures to show the relatively
healthy condition of plants which had
been sprayed. as compared with the
backward and unhealthy condition of
the unsprayed rows in the same field.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05

Bedford delegation that reached the
city yesterday composed OF Colonel
George A. Nlcols Or, ], 9. Marshall Major
arc fiourIsh!ne,'' said Major Hull, "ths
drought Is broken and the prospects ara
brlg hit, particularly for tobacco and corn"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05

Mr., I'll Darlington Griggshy, Of Charlntta
county, who cultiyates 1000 acres Of Land
ana does It successfully. every year. 10 q 4
,nFomlnant member Of the institute, AZ
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1908-08-05

pretty much all OF
tlnued Ms Bellwood.
.ginia with the con-
that Virginia is the
The sun for any one
The Nashville globe. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?, 1908-04-03
FREE LECTURE TO MEN AT ST.
JOHN A. M. E. CHURCH SUM-
DAY AFTERNOON.

On next Sunday afternoon at St
John A. M. e. Church the able schol-
ar, philosopher and proficient special
list, DR.. G. V. Roman, Will lecture TO
men only. DR. Roman is a forceful
speaker and always has a message
that will benefit his hearers. The
Negro men of Nashville are fast COM
ing to realize the good to be derived
from lectures and they are taking ad-
vantage of every opportunity to re-
ceive the much needed instruction
that the experienced men of the race
are able to give them.
The citizens of Nashville have am
pie cause to congratulate themselves
upon having such an able man as DR..
Roman among their citizenry, with
whom they can come in touch from
time to time. This lecture was post
poned from March 20 in order that
hundreds of men who were compelled
to attend the annual Pythian sermon
might have an opportunity to hear
Dr. Roman discuss the important sub.
ject, Sex in Race Evolution"
On the twelfth of this month DR.
Roman goes to Tuskegee Industrial
Institute to deliver a series of lee
lures.
The Nashville globe. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?, 1908-04-03
WILLING WORKERS, CLUB.

The Willing Workers Club of
Kayne Avenue Baptist Church was
very successfully entertained at the
residence of Mr.. and Mrs. j. G. Mad
dux, Edgehill avenue, by the Presi-
dent, A. L. Anderson. The reception
room was decorated with spring
flowers. The membership of the club
is increasing, and a movement is on
foot to assist the church in various
ways. Remarks were made by the
President. After the regular routine
of business ices were served. Those
present were Mr. and Mrs. o. w.
Stokes, Mr.. and Mrs. P. A. Simms,
Mr.. and Mrs, j. K. Campbell, Mrs.
I lizzie Gregory, Mrs. jamie Brown,
Mrs. J, G. Lott, Mrs. Rachel
Thornton, Mrs. Matte Cloyd,
Mrs. R, L. Miles, Mrs. L. John
son, Miss Mamie Drake, Miss A. L,
Morton, President A. L. Anderson,
Mr. and Mrs. ]. c. Maddux and Mrs.
L. Devices. The club will meet with
Rev and Mrs. j. G. Lott, 1929 Thir-
teenth avenue, South, on Monday
evening, April g. when a prize will be
oiven to the one who solves a puz
zle that will be offered