The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1908-12-11
ROOSEVELT TO
THE LAWMAKERS
President Says Financial Stand.
ing Of Nation Is Excellent
Taxes Reduced.
Repeats Recommendations Re-
garding Corporations Doing
Interstate Business.
The following is a synopsis Of the

The following is a synopsis OF tho
presidents message to congress:
The financial standing Of the nation
at the present time is excellent, anu
the financial management Of the ma
TONS interests by the government our
ing the last seven years has SHOWN
most satisfactory results. But our cur
rency system is imperfect, and 1t Is
earnestly to be hoped that the cur
rency commission will be able to pro-
pose a thoroughly good system which
win do away with the existing defects
During the period from July !, 1901,
to Sept. 80, 1908. the balance between
the net ordinary receipts and the net
ordinary expenses Of the government
showed a surplus Of nearly $10O,OO0,O00
of receipts over expenditures. reduc-
ton of the interest bearing debt py
$90,000.O00, in spite of the eXtraorol.
nary expense of the Panama canai, anu
q saving of nearly nine millions on the
annual interest charge. There have
been no new taxes; on the contrary,
some taxes have been taken off; there
has been a reduction of taxation.
AS regards the great corporations
engaged in interstate business, and es-
pecially the railroads, l can only re-
peat what have al
CORPORATIONS ready again and
again said In my
messages to congress. I believe that
under the interstate clause of the con-
stitution the United States has com.
plete and paramount right to control
all agencies of interstate commerce.
and believe that the national govern
ment alone can exercise this right with
wisdom and effectiveness, so as both
to secure justice from, and to do JUS
tice to, the great corporations which
are the most important factors In mod
ern business. believe that 1t Is worse
than folly to attempt to prohibit all
combinations as is done by the Sher-
man antitrust law, because such a
law can be enforced only imperfectly
and unequally. and it's enforcement
works almost as much hardship as
good. I strongly advocate that instead
of an unwise effort'to prohibit all COM
binatfons, there shall be substituted q
law which shall expressly permit COM
binations which are in the interest of
the public, but shall at the same time
give to some agency of the national
government full power Of control ana
supervision over them. One of the
chief features of this control should be
securing entire publicity in all matters
which the public has a right to know,
t1uO LUZ IIC1HlolS, lIlC pOWCls lOk w
judicial, but by executive action, to
prevent or put stop to every form of
improper favoritism or other wrong
doing.
The railroads of the country should
be put completely under the interstate
commerce commission and removed
from the domain of the anti trust law.
The power of the commission should be
made thoroughgoing, so that it could
exercise complete supervision and con-
troll over the issue of securities as we'll
as over the raising and lowering of
rates. AS regards rates, at least, this
power should be summary. The power
to investigate the financial operations
and accounts of the railways has been
one of the most valuable features in
recent legislation. Power to make
combinations and traffic agreements
should be explicitly conferred upon the
railroads. the permission of the COM
mission being first gained and the COM
bination or agreement being published
in all it's details In the interest of
the public the representatives Of the
public should have complete power to
see that the railroads do their duty by
the public, and as a matter of course
this power should also be exercised so
as to see that no injustice is done the
railroads. The shareholders, the en-
ployes and the shippers all have inter-
ests that must be guarded. It is to
swindling stock speculation should be
allowed, and that there should be no
improper issuance of securities. There
must be no defrauding of investors,
oppression Of farmers and business
men who ship freight, or callous dis
regard Of the rights and needs Of en-
ployes. Rates must be made as low as
is compatible with giving proper re-
turns to the shareholders; but they
must not, for instance, be reduced in
such fashion as to necessitate cut
in the wages of employees or the aboli-
ton of the proper and legitimate
profits Of honest shareholders.
Telegraph and telephone companies
engaged In interstate business should
be put under the jurisdiction of the in
terstate commerce commission.
The fight against adequate govern
ment control and supervision Of indi-
viduat. and especially of corporate
wealth engaged in interstate business
IA chiefly done under cover; and espe-
ciaily under cover Of an appeal to
states rights. Forty or fifty separate
state governments cannot exercise con-
troll over corporations doing business
in most or all of them. Such divided
authority cannot regulate commerce
with wisdom and effect. The central
government is the only power which
without oppression, can thoroughly and
adequately control and supervise the
large corporations. There Is legisla-
tion which the federal. government
alone can enact and which is absolute
ly vital in order to secure the attain
ment Of our purpose. Many, laws are
| needed. There should be regulation
| by the national government of the
great interstate corporations, including
| simple method of account keeping
publicity, supervision Of the issue o,
securities, abolition Of rebates and Of
special privileges. There should be-
| short time franchises for all corpora
lions engaged in public business, in.
Guiding the corporations which ge,
| power from water rights. There should
be national as we'll as state guardian
| ship Of mines and forests. The iabo,
legislation hereinafter referred t.
should concurrently be enacted into
| law.
To accomplish this, means, of course
| q certain increase in the use of-not
the creation of-power, by the centra
government. The power already ex
lists: 1t does not have to be created
! the only question is whether it shall
| 20 used or left idle-and meanwhil,
the corporations over which the power
ought to be exercised will not remain
idle.
Many matters affecting labor and tn,
status Of the wage worker are called
4 L.