Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-21

of the food of foreign immigrants. TO the
destitute says Mr.. Wood. money means
life: to those who already have a little
cc1::fort. to the well Off luxury: While To
tn, wealthy it brings only the remoter
forms of enjoyment, which as they rise III
costliness grow correspondence imperson-
al. and are therefore more faint IN their
power TO arouse peasurable sensations
This law. the author thinks. will ultl-
mately be appreciated by money-hun,
cry population. and the pendulum VIII
swing back into sanity and rectitude
But this will not be without general
educat ton of public opinion. There the
responsibility lies largely with the home;
THE surest attack that can be made upon
these and the other participants In the
riot of vice which rules our comnefclal
and political life is to destroy the at
mosphere of adulation or tolerance In
which they now thrive. and TO arouse
against them all of the people IN move
ment of unrelenting hostility and con
tempt Therefore it is incumbent upon
every honest man. in speech ana III deeu
untirinsly to strive 10 make OF hones'. i"
manly trait to rescue 1t from among ,h,
ideals which have grown emascuiate' anu
TO restore to it its Virlle, us hidSeu'i
meaning Of fair play.
II is difficult to imagine more Naiudpis
book to put into the hands Oh pftssn' an,
prospective citizens than TINS IL - SIN
y,ln or
both searching and inspiring In It's ou'-
look-a primer of civic honesty
THE GENESIS OF HAMLET. BY Charl-
ron M. Lewis Emily SANFORD pro
fessor of English literature IN haie
University. New York: Henry floit
e. Co Washington: Ballantyne.
Prof. Lewis has approached the prop
lem of Hamlet from IA new ana iii'ei
long ago" he states. that me o''iS
hone of solving the Hamlet problem lay
in Il clear discrimination between
Shakespeare original contributions 10
the story and the legendary naterlals
that he inherited. The plan has never
been fairly tried, because it has mere
tofore been thought impossible to dis
tingush these heterogeneous elements
There are, however. plenty Of :lues. and
it is necessary only that they be' in
tellisently followed" In pursuance OF
his plan the author discusses irst the
Two main theories with regard 10 Ham
let's delay-the one Of which Colerldge
is the chief exponent. that the pay Is
explained by defects i'll Hamlet char-
acter; and Werder's theory, that liam
lets difficulties are eNternal-lhe sub
jectve and objective theories i'll other
words. With this preparation, ffol'
Lewis discusses the character or the
first quarto. showing Shakespeare 5
original readings: then the pre-Shakes-
pearean Hamlet of Kyd and Belleforest
The summary of his conclusions is as
follows: "Kyds Hamlet does most or
the deeds of the play. and Shakespeare $
Hamlet thinks most of the thoughts"
Kyd is responsible for most or TIE ploi'
and Shakespeare for most of the CHAR
acterization, Kyd for the heroS actual
environment Shakespeare for ne i'm
perfect description of his environment
that has come down to us. mus the
Shakespeare composite nero lol-
lows up one mans thoughts With an
other mans deeds and cOnfrontS with
Shakepeares soul a situation or Ayd
devising.
There can be no doubt of the ingenuity
of the argument, or the fact that III
many cases Prof. Lewis explanation IS,
undoubtedly, the only resolvent of the
many perplexities that beset the student
of Hamlet Many of his conclusions nave
been already accepted. although no one
has followed them up as eNhausiiVeiS
But the book, as book of criticism. SUI
fers the fate OF all books based upon d
single theory No single line and plum
met can gauge the depths of Shake
speare's art In general. 1t may be SAID
that the authors method of study makes
too little of Shakespeare Transforming
use of material, the necromancy py "hlch
metal of plot and incident into the pure
gold of psychological truth. Prof. Lewis
often assumes that the mere use or incl
dent, in the re-Shakespearean stories.
often unrelated and inconsistent, argues
a like failure to fuse the elements INTO
consistent and harmonious whole. He is
thus led TO the theory that Shakespeare
did not develop the Ophelia motive into
something ineligible and slsniflcant
merely because he himself was not, al
that time, interested in the love motive.
In such conclusion the author over
looks the loving elaboration which Shake
speare has bestowed upon the elements of
poetry and pathos in the story of Ophela,
and also the fact that. subordinated
though the love motive may be IN SNAKE
speare's plays of this third period, wher-
ever that motive does appear 1t Is at
least ineligible and an integral part OF
the action. 1t is never scanted by mere
inattention.
While Prof. Lewis book is sure to
arouse the opposition of many Shake
speare students it will be useful in stimu-
lating inquiry into many points hitherto
compa ratively overlooked. ana IL I'M
doubtedly offers many valuable sugges-
tions. 1t is distinctly original and force
full piece of criticism.
GARIBALDrS DEFENSE OF THE RO-
MAN REPUBLIC. By George Macau-
lay Trevelyan. late Fellow of Trim
1ty COlleSe, CdHiDIiu5e, dut-Ioi VI
England in the Age of Wycliffe,"
etc. With Seven Maps and Numerous
illustrations. New York: Longmans,
Green e. Co.
1t is not often that the rapport between
biograp her and subject is as apparent as
in this study of the early, but in many
ways most characteristic, period of Carl
baIdi's life The narrative takes him
from his infancy to the moment in Sep
TENDER, 1919, when. after the heroic de-
tense Of Rome and after being hunted
across Italy by the French, Spanish, Nea-
politan and Austrian forces, he left her
shores to wait a more fortunate time for
making Italy free. 1t includes the early
life of the great patriot. his period of
training in guerrilla warfare in South
America, where he met his wife, the
heroic Anita: his return to Italy and his
advance to the rank of her chief patriot.
The author succeeds in presenting the
picture of "the rover of great spaces
of land and sea, the fighter against des-
perate odds. the champion of the OPP
pressed. the patriot, the humane and gen.
erous man. all in one" He does not hide
Garibaldi's faults or explain away the
military mistakes that occa sonally
marked his conduct of the campaign. But
the author makes impressive his own
statement: "He touched chord of poetry
and romance still latent i'll the heart of
our CITY populations, so far removed in
their surroundings and opportunities from
the scenes and actions of his life, Ger
tainlv "Garibaldis Defense of Rome
goes far to make clear to d modern public
Tho sacret of the extraordinary enthusi-