davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
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A sort of opium is obtained from the
common lettuce. The scientists give It
II long name, which no doubt means
something very learned and profound,
and declare that they find important
differences between the opium of the
lettuce and the opium of the poppy,
but for all practical purposes the one
is identical with the other. Many a
man who has eaten lettuce knows how
sleepy 1t causes him to become an hour
or SO after dinner, and the older the
lettuce the greater the sleepiness, for
IN mature lettuce the milk juice is well
ieSe!orel and all the properties Of the
opium are prcsent.-London News.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
strans. Uses For Churches.

There are cases 1nnumerable of
churches being used during England's
civil war to accommodate the horses
Of one or another regiment Of the op.
posing troops. Dedham church still
shows traces of Puritan vandalism in
the mutilated sculpture. The oak door,
at one time deliberately decorated with
small carved figures Of saints, now
shows the figures without their heads
And there is the famous case of Notre
Dame at Paris, which during the days
of the Revolution was converted into
temple Of reason" with its god
dess. ballet dancer, enthroned on q
mound in the midst of the choir
Strand Magazine.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
A Lesson In LANGUAGE.

A regular Mr.. Alalaprop recently
came home from his first visit to Eu,
rope. He grew enthusiastic about
Rome.
ut was fine" he declared, ito &c
into them churches over there and see
the old Observation-Disclosures, they
call 'em. And then the Sixteen chapel
Is great. and rs for the Vaccination,
where the pope lives, well"
But his stock Of compliments gave
out when lie got to the subject of beg.
gars.
Il always refused them pennies" he
said, because, you see, didn't want
to set bad prestige"-New York
Times.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

They went in to dinner together. He
was very bashful, and she tried in
vain to draw him out. Finally she be.
gan to talk books, and he became re.
sponsive. "And Hugo?" she asked.
DO you like his style?" ooh, yes" he
replied; II find him intensely interest.
Ing. I've read number of his books
Then she asked, Have you read Nine
ty-three:'" mo. Ive-er-only read
three. didn't know he had written so
MANY"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
As Bait.

Mrs. A. lover phone)-Can you send
me up cook today, Mr.. Dwyer7
Head Of Intelligence Ofice-Sorry
can't accommodate you. Mrs. A., but
we have only one in the Office. Mrs.
A.-But why mayn't have her?
Head of Intelligence Ofice-Oh, we
have to keep her as sample!-H ar-
per's Weekly.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
Reason For Hiah Prlea.

"You charge me 50 for that little
dish of possum?" said the guest at the
crossroads hotel. Its an outrage!'
mo, it amt, stranger" replied the
landlord. II wuz six nights ketchln'
that possum, am when l kotched him
| kotched the rheumatism with him,
an need the money fer my doctors
bill."-Atlanta Constitution.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
The Evening Gazette's contest,

will enable . large number of worthy
Dung ladies to secure elegant upright
tsnor, beautif6l diamond rings, solid
old watches and business cole &c
chols,ehips With y little healthy ex-
,rtion among their friends and neigh.
onre. Commence at the beginning and
show that you are both able and will :
Ing to distance ell competitors in q
hort and easy race. Blanks for romi.
lation Will be found In every issue of
The Gszette. The contest Ia Just COM
nencing, write for particulars and get
oasy. The Gszette Co, Cedar Kspids.
Iowa.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
The Beginning Of Fooshall,

The first reference to what may fpei-
sibly be the game Of football Is ID be
found In proclamation of EdwahdEI. /,
1914, when the people weref forbidden
ITO hustle over large balls. 'as The preS.
cnt name WINS first used irf-:a statute
Of Edwafd I'LL. 1347. when .'footbaIr'
in London streets was declared. illegal.
London Reader. "a tae
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

The idea of social duty dominates
our time. We are impregnated with
1t. 1t is the most urgent aspiration Of
the modern conscience and in the
midst of our controversies, dsfies all
our ironies.-G Georges Tourhard In La
Nouvelle Revue. Paris. sE,tsss
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
A R.n.rk.bI. Hat.

A woman wants divorce because
her husband has purchased her only
hat In twenty-five years. -
1t would be interesting to know II
there is enough Of the hat left to- get
on straight Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
Interesting Pamphlets Free.

CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE u ST. PAUL RY
Describe present opportunities Offered
along the new railway lines In the Da.
kotss, Montana, Idaho and Washington
Pampnlets are Ut interest to Investors
farmers, stockmen, fruit growers, mer.
chants, brakeman and professions
nep. These are the titles: Montan,
Folder, "In the Dskotss and Montsns,'
Many Acres Open to Settlers" "Busi
ness Opportunities, IA Trip Along tn.
Pacific Coast Extension of the st. Pau
Road" F. A. Miller, General Psssen
ger Aeens, Chicago. 7&s
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

Little Helen-Ma, the minister told
me today that God gave me to you.
Mother-Well. lie did, my dear. Helen
Then somebody isn't telling the truth.
heard auntie tell Mrs. Watson that
the court gave me to you.-Detroit
Free Press.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
Worse Than Simple.

Wijjit-I am going to buy place. in
the country and raise chiekenA fand
pigs. will get up before day and get
my appetite by working in my garden.
The simple life for me. Mijjit-Thae
. not the simple life. That's foolish
st. Louis Post Dispatch. 1t.t,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
Trapped.

He was telling her about the mem
bers Of his cricket team. "Now, there's
Brown" said he; Gin few weeks
time he'll be our best mae"
"Oh. Jack" she gushed. "what nice
way to ask me!-London Judy.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
HopsIsss.

Hes no good at an argument, is he?
Not at all convincing?"
well, should say not. Why, that
man couldn't convince q woman that
she was pretty!'-Cleveland Leader,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
aahind thu eun..

"My proudest boast" said the lee
turer. who expected his statement to
be greeted with cheers. "is that was
one Of the men behind the guns"
How many miles behind ?" plped a
voice in the gallery.-London Answers.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
A Case Of Luck.

/ Benevolent Lady-But, myspopr man,
II you have been looking for work all
these years, why is 1t that you have
never found it? Tramp {conftiential-
ly)-It's luck, mum-just s,Ahesr good
luck. ). 80 -
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
yalu. Of Humer.

The man who becomes a humorist is
the man who contrives to retain GER
tain childlike zest and freshness of
mind side. by side with large and
tender tolerance Cornhill Magazine.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
No hindrance.

"Alay have the next dance, Miss
Pechis?'
"rm engaged, Mr.. Galley"
ooh. what's the odds? Why, I'm
married" -Exchange.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

English John and Pat were two
friendly workmen, who weresc6nstaht
ly fitting, each one trying to o,itwitithe
other. S Fsfi<@
"Are you good at measurements
asked John. sat.asy,t n 4:
II am that" said Pat quickly
Then could you tell me how: many
shirts could get out Of a yard" sskk1
John. $50 ,Sg
Sure" said Pat sit depends ], on
whose yard you get into" D sS,. / &,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
Lucky.

Patience They say your brothef,9setl
to have great luck as a fisherman.
Patrice-Yes, he did have. Nenrlytev.
erybody used to believe him Yonkers
Statesman. "fi'e
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
His Ground.

He-Why are You going to marry
that old fossil? She-I love the very
ground he walks on. Hell know, but
isn't there any other way of getting
it?-London Opinion.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

Foley's Honey and Tar cures the
most obstinate coughs and expels the
cold from the system as 1t is mildly lax
alive. 1t is guaranteed. The genuine
Y 10 the yellow package. Anders u
Philip.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

Dewitt's Carbolized Witch Hazel
salve is best for cuts. burns, boils
bruises and scratches. 1t is especial,
good for pilee. Sold by all druggists
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
Had to Keen Ideals

sWhy don't you get married"
"Oh, it would be absolutely fatal to
my literary work. aa.5:
What do you writer
Love stories."-Cleveland I. Plain
Dealer. tsSi9s;t.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

When a quarrel is the. break fast
food look out for marital indfeestion.-
Manchester Union. isistafff
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

The greatest trust between man and
man Il the trust Of giving COUNSEL
Bacon.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19
ADDITIONAL LOCAL..

Henry Bronson was in Nov
ampton last week on business.
e. M. Carr was at New Ham
on, Iowa, and ST. Paul last weel
business, returning Friday.
-On Friday morning, Captain ]
Merry left for the City of Wash
hgton, expecting 10 remain in thai
tty several days.
Irving MCGEE shipped carload
cattle to Chicago last Thursday
hing accompanied to that city by
:. i. B. Richman.
IF you wish to know what per
4 ps are accorded consideration a,
First National Bank, read its
" on first page.
\ Rev. II. r. De Bra, principal Of
4 bwolth Seminary, located at Ep.
4 rth, was in the city Thursday. as
.aest at the home of Calvin Yor-
"A. A. House, formerly o resi-
Pit of this county, was in town
st week. Mr.. House ha, been
wing in Chicago for a number OF
bars.
Professor A. l.. Ames of Chi
ago was in the city last Wednes.
ny, delivering before the short
purse that evening lecture on stock
I'D beef.
w. H. Hutchinson, Burton
lark, A. B. Carhart and w. Fl
foyt attended Shirners meeting
Cedar Rapids Monday, returning
J be following morning.
1-H. j. Wilson, proprietor of the
'1arence House, who was in town
FOR several days, returned to Charles
4ity Monday morning where he
also operates the Hildreth Hotel.
Miss Ruth Palmer, daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. A. A Paine,
has been ill at her home on Mad
isop .feet for some days past Her
is somewhat improved to-
day.
Gildner Bros. made liberal
offer to the management Of the short
course, promising to turn over five
per cent of the sales of their annual
winter reduction of prices on Friday
and Saturday for the benefit of the
short course fund.
"A few weeks ago Golfers Week
~ printed story written by Mr..
Paul p Triem Of Cedar Rapids,
formerly of this CITY,, Mr.. Triem
has been writing for a number OF
magazines, and among them The
Youths Companion. The story APP
pearing in the first named publica
ton was unique and its style was
pleasing, indicating Mr.. Triem's
ability along such lines of fiction.
"A general inspection of arms by
Gen. w. Fl. Thrift Of Des Moines
Fill be made on March q in this
Pity of Co. d Preparations are be
ing made for this event, and extra
drills will be held for the next few
weeks. In that time, through the
Of the officers of the COM
pany stationed in this city. the mi
litiaman have made great improve
ment in drilling and in the art of
the manuel of arms.
NJ The ice cop, which has been
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

S0Nine Ice crop, which has been
fsted by George Slack & Co
he past few weeks, was complet
Nme days ago. 1t was fortunate
5'the amount packed in the ice
}ses was sufficient, as the break.
up of the river, which begun
week, made it impossible 10 ex-
future cuttings. The river
open along the shores and the
rose rapidly last Thursday,
fling an enormous quantity
the dam all that day.
Nh F. Pitner of Cedar Rapids,
is connected with a banking in
ption in that city, was in town
day on business. 1t will be re-
inferred that MIR. Pitner was form.
y resident of this place, during
p time his father, the Rev. w. +.
s timer, was pastor of the Methodist
Episcopal church, and now is estab-
3hing banks throughout the State
his firm, and doing special work
1bng credit lines with banks. 1t is
7grati6cation to his friends in this
fly to learn of his success.
AT the curt house Thursday
horning Of last week. Professor r,
Bliss Of Ames, delivered one of
9e most interesting lectures on
he subjectof dairying which it has
(een the privilege of the attendants
Y the short course to hear Mr.
Bliss dealt largely on the necessity
of the farmer of to-day making the
best Of his land and repairing for
future years, when population a.
hss been estimated by j. j. Hill, the
we'll known railroad financier, will
double in the next twenty years
Where land has been producin g
foodstuif for one, it will be n cess.
airy for the land owner to raise q
double portion at the end of score
of years.
Among the different lectures
an talks given by instructors az the
short course, was that by Miss Edith
g. Charlton, who is in charge of the
department of Domestic Science
Thursday afternoon and evening
The subject of the afternoon We.
the distribution Of expenses of liv
ing in percentage. An income O
$1,000 per year was considered a.
a basis, and the living expenses
clothing for family of four, amuse
ments, clubs, and church expenses
together with a certain amount to b.
saved. was carefully considered, ane
it is fair to say that the lessor
fought by Miss Charlton will bea
fruit. In the evening, Miss Charl
ton again proved herself an interst
ing and instructive speaker, whe,
she addressed a large audience a
City Hall on what Domestic Scienc
really means. The man on tn
farm was appealed tom the interes
of the comfort of his family, as wei
as for the comfort of his stock
The usefulness of the housewife an,
what the home might be, through
the instructions received at colleges
and even in so short time as
course of this nature afforded, wa
maHe very plain. Miss Charlie
delightfully."- entertained her listen
ers and it was the general hope an
desiFe expressed that the manage
me4tat Ames would see fit to retur
Mii Charlton next year when Ii
shdl lcourse will again be in sessio
in city.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

The trouble with most cough rene
dies Is that they constipste. Kennedy's
Laxative Cough Syrup acts gently but
promptly on the bowels and at the
same time It stops the cough by sooth-
Ing the throat and lung irritation.
Children like It, Sold by all druggists.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1908-02-19

.ss permanently esss casos - anAeSssEes
40 sends Inc tncnrable nome without eaEing u
eIrom them. This Is why he continues Ris
sits year after ss = while other dsSso1 have
u Is a1 eminen.y successful specisn1 6 OH
iIo o diseases, proven BY the ma1I cures
tec,eE In chronic cases which J yo baA ~ the
~ q ~ other physicians. His Hospital 81.
,rience and extensive pra"tlcs haYe made him
,E.onc'ent thas ne can naEe and locas . dis.
Treats all a,rabls ecses q CaaalA. Nose
o r0as .a qdrst t sna S S1s:ssss Las
SIN. Paralysis, Neur algia, Nervous sn6 HeeT
rights Disease Il. CorsumptSon ssSsis
age; diseases Ut theBla6der and FemalN QRRanS.
lanor and Tobacco habit. ssammsshs cured
Aneveriailing remedy for Big Neck.
PILES. FISTuLAE an RUPTURE guarau.
SEQ cured without detention from b9Gl0oss.
'pectal attention given to all 6ur9icaI
ases, and oil diseases OF the In. Ear.
Nose and Throat.
Giasses fittGd and guaranteed. Glaoulated
i as Cataract. Cross Eyes Strengthened Without
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-07-01
.B[A@[EY VIII. Be
BOARDS SECRETARY
Well-knOwn Marshalltown Man
Will be Chosen for Import
ant Position
NEW TREASURER QUALITIES
Annual Meeting Of School Board for
Election Of Secretary to Take
Place Late This Afternoon-J. L.
penmead Succeeds G. c. Urine as
Treasurer.
NEW TREASURER QUALITIES

At a special meeting of the school
board OF the Independent district of
Marshalltown, to be held at 4 o'clock
this afternoon. George w. Beasley will
be elected secretary OF the board to
succeed C. c. Caswell. Mr.. Beasley
was the only candidate for the Of
fee, and was the choice OF the board
for the position. Mr.. Caswell relin
quishes his duties as soon as his sue
cessor qualities, which viii be imme-
diately.
Mr.. Caswell has been secretary OF
the board for the past two years. Mr..
Beasley Is Well-knoWn resident OF
the city. and for many years was as
ISOLATED with 7. N. Utz in the dray
and transfer business here, under the
firm name OF Beasiey y Utz. Mr..
Beasley has been deeply interested In
school affairs for years, and for sew
eral years was member of the
board.
Today, July l, Is the date fixed by
law whereby the funds OF the district
are turned over to the treasurer elect,
James L. Denmead. vice president OF
the First National bank. c. c. Urine.
assistant cashier of the MarshalltoWn
State bank, is the retiring treasurer.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-07-01
DEDICATION DELAYED.
Completion Of Presbyterian Church
Depends on Arrival Of Windows.

Completion Of Presbyterian Church
Depends on Arrival Of Windows.
From present Indications the Pres
byterians will not dedicate their
handsome new church on the first Sun
day of July. as was planned when
the work OF building was recon-
menced this spring. It Is not known
now when 1t will be possible to dedi-
cate the edifice, as the completion
of the building depends upon the ar
rival OF the windows. We're It not
for this delay the building could be
completed and be ready for occupancy
in few days The painters are prac-
tically thru, altho there Is a little var
nishing yet to be done. The carpen-
tiers have practically completed their
part of the work, until the windows
arrive. The light fixtures are not in,
but they can be put in place on notice
long before the windows can be fitted
after they arrive.
1t Is estimated that the building can
be made ready for dedication within
less than week after the windows
arrive.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-07-01
Here's a Boy Who
Should Succeed

SiXty-five dollars a month during the
vacation period. earned by 17-year-
old boy, Is what Herbert Hines, son of
Rev. p. II. Hines, OF this city, Is doing
for himself this summer,
The press Of the entire country, and
Iowa in particular, devoted much space
q few weeks ago to a news story con-
corning young Hines acceptance of the
passionate of the McCallsburg Presby-
terrain church, to which his father had
been called as supply pastor for the
summer Rev. Mr.. Hines took suddenly
Ill and, not being able to fill his en-
gagement, called upon his son to try
his hand. The result was that young
Hines was so we'll liked the church
transferred the call and made it apply
to the son rather than the father. So
this 17-year-old youngster has been
preaching twice each Sunday for the
McCallsburg Presbyterians, and del
egate to the state Sunday school con-
vention said he preached the best SER
Iowa In particular, observation-disclosures
mon of them all last Sunday night. The
McCallsburg people like him very
much.
But young Hines is not satisfied with
mere $40 per Sunday for his sermons,
which he prepares himself without as
sistance or direction of any kind. In
fact young Hines is working In the
country for a farmer, at $25 per month
and applies himself to his sermons af-
ter his days work in the field
His outdoor work is keeping his
physical condition worthy OF an ath-
lete, and his research Is improving his
mind Both are likewise conducive to
his bank account.
Young Hines has another year In
high school. after which he expects to
go to college. He hasn't yet determined
what he wants to do, altho he thinks
the newspapers are trying to make a
preacher out of him. In fact he Is not
sure whether the Lord or the newspa-.
pers are calling him to preach. Some OF
his friends are of the opinion that he
is cut out for the law. and should
finally adopt that as profession.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-07-01
MoREHousE TO WASHINGTON.
Marsh alltown Engineer Takes Govern :
rnent Position Next Week.

MarshailtoWn Engineer axes Govern
ment Position Next Week.
Allan ID. Morehouse. Of this city.
who has been in the electrical engin-
eering department OF the Panama cam
al commission for the past three years.
has been appointed to a government
position in the heating and ventilating
engineering department. with head
quarters at Washington, D. G. Mr..
Morehouse will assume his new duties
next week, when he will report in
Washington.
Mr.. Morehouse returned home from
Panama last November, and was
broken down in health, owing to his
having contracted malaria. He has
been In Los Angeles since February,
recuperating, in company with his
son Mortimer.
Mr. Morehouse will probably not
stoy on his way east. because his time
is short. His family will Join him in
Washington likely within the next few
months. Mrs. Morehouse and sons,
Terry and Mortimer, will leave for
Chanure. Kas.. next week, for a few
weeks visit with relatives.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-07-01
sTERlLlzED BARBER sHoP4
A Famous Shop in the carroIlton Ho.
tel, Baltimore, Maryland.

a Famous Shop In the Carrollton Ho.
tel, Baltimore, Maryland.
The barber shop in the Carroltton
hotel, Baltimore, sterilizes everything
it uses In the shop. The sterilizing is
done by heat. The towels, the razors.
the strops. the soap, the combs and
brushes are all sterilized before being
used on a customer. Where there is
no sterilization, have the barber use
Newbro's Herpicide. It kills the dand-
ruff germ, and 1t is an antiseptic for
the scalp, and for the face after shaw
ing. All leading BARRIERS everywhere
appreciate these potent facts about
Herpicide and they use it. Destroy
the cause, you remove the effect Sold
by leading druggists. Send 1Oc in
stamps for sample to The Herpicide
Co., Detroit, Mich. Two sizes, SOC and
S1.00. For sale at all druggists.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-07-01
Band Concert Proara,,.

The weekly concert OF the Marshall
town Union band will be given this
evening from the court house lawn,
beginning at 8 o'clock. The following
program will be given:
March, est. Edward. ... Fillmore
Selection, "rhe Tattooed Man. .-...
=. -. - ........ Herbert
Song for Barytone, when the Moon
Plays Peek-a-Boo" ...... Williams
Mr.. John jeanette.
Overture, Barber of Seville $3.50.
............ .............5.. ROssinl
Moroccan Characteristics, 1.-The Dawn
OF Love" .............. $3.50. Bendix
Caprice, "Nymph and Satyr" ....s..
...... 49,. ............. Robinson
Humoresque, "The Girl Left Behind
Me" Observation-Disclosures. Bellstedt
Waltz, 1.-THE Beautiful Blue Danube"
1855. Strauss
Rag, "Sweetmeats" ......... Wenrich
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1908-07-01
cAFFNEy TO FIT. DODGE.

Manager Of Iowa Telephone Company
Assigned to New Territory.
With the merging of the business
OF the Iowa and Marshall telephone
companies. effective today. Manager
Frank Gaffney, of the Iowa company
gives up his work here, and will go
to TT. Dodge, where he has been made
manager OF the exchange in that city.
In addition to the local exchange Mr.
Gaffney will have charge of The toll
lines entering FIT. Dodge from the
northeast and west