The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1908-07-26

Rotary Of State (subject to the approval Of
the Cortes), with some qualifications. how
ever. concerning the scope OF future nego-
tiations with regard to the Philippines.
The outcome Of the correspondence was,
however, that the language Of the protocol
signed on August ~. 1893. by the represen-
tatives OF the two Powers was substantially
identical with that used In the Presidents
reply to Spain's overtures.
The fact ia recalled in Mr.. Moore's digest
that by the instructions given to our
Peace Commissioners under date OF Sep
tember 10. 1898. they were not 10 accept
less than the cession In full right and SOW
ereignty Of the island Of Luzon, together
with a right Of entry for American vessels
and merchandise into such Philippine ports
az should not be oeded upon terms Of equal
favor with Spanish ships and commodities.
On October 20. however. Mr.. Hay. Secretary
Of State. telegraphed to Mr.. Day. president
Of tho United States Peace Commission.
that since the latter's departure the Presi-
dent had become convinced that the ac-
ceptanoe OF the cession OF Luzon alone,
the rest of the islands being left subject to
Spanish rule or 10 be a field OF future oon-
~tention, could not be justified on political,
commercial OF humanitarian grounds. Ac-
cordingly the Peace Commission was in
structed to exact a cession Of the whole
archipelago. In a letter dated October
% the telegram was ampliAed, and Mr.. Day,
while still instructed to insist upon the ces-
sion OF tho whole of the Philippines, was
authorized to pay IL necessary to Spain
from SO. O0o, 900 to $40 200, 900. and even a
lar1o~ ,,,rn zxo-;lol - e1Xll nrNn,ra m
cession Of a naval and telegraph station
In the Carolines. These instructions were
carried out successfully. and on December
TO-, 1893. a treaty of peace between the
United States and Spain was signed. which
provided among other things that Spain
should cede to the United States the archi-
pelago known as the Philippine Islands,
hat the United States should pay to Spain
the sum Of $40. 0oO. 900. and that the civil
rights and political status Of the native in
habitants OF the territories thus coded to
the United States should be determined
by the American Congress. The treaty was
ratified by our Senate OF February Q, 1909.
and by the Government OF Spain on the
following March 10. The notifications were
on April II. and the treaty pub
1icly proclaimed. while the stipulated sum
of $40. 900 900. having been voted by Con-
gress. was paid over to the Madrid Govern
ment on May /. Subsequently. however.
it turned out that several ANAL islands
lying westward of the Sulus had not been
included within the line drawn by tho
treaty Of peace. and In consideration OF
the cession OF these additional islands the
United States agreed to pay to Spain the
sum of 100000.
In the same chapter Mr.. Moore oon-
siders at considerable length tho question
whether it was our duty or the duty Of
Cuba to assume the so-called Cuban debt.
The prolonged correspondence on the SUBJ.
ject is reproduced. The outcome Of, The
was hat the American Com.
declined to assume The debt.
They denied that the ooursss, pursued bv
Spain in mourning the debt had been adopted
In compliance will. pressure On the part Of
the United .hssfates. They admitted that
me washington Government had repeat
e9lv demanded that order be reestablished
in Cuba. but through many years Of patient
waiting 1t had also tried and exhausted all
the efforts Of diplomacy to induce Spain
to end the war by granting to the island
u ~ - ANS@S
ure Of self-ruie. The fact was recalled by
the American Commissioners that az early
as the spring Of 1899. not long after the
gloom of the Ten Years War had begun
to settle upon the island. the United States
offered their mediation and their credit
for the reestablishment Of peace between
Spain and her colonies. Then, as after
ward. Spain preferred war to the relin-
punishment Of her sways and the United
States did not assume to discuss the legiti-
macy Of SPANS inourment OF the expenses
then incurred In pursuit Of that policy.
The question. however. Of SPANS right
to incur those expenses at that time and
that Of her right or her power to fasten
them as a perpetual burden upon the rev.
enues Of Cuba, after those revenues had
passed beyond her control. were pro-
nounoed by the American Peace Commits
sioners to be questions between which they
neither difficulty nor hesitation in
declaring and maintaining a fundamental
difference both in law and in morals.
Most Of what Mr.. Moore has to tell us
concerning the Congo Independent State
duu our GlplOiuhthS BIN tiOoty hotio
Herewith will be found in the first and fifth
volumes Of this treatise. As early az 1879
a body was formed calling itself the Inter-
national Association Of the Congo. which
was presided over by the King OF the Bel
gians. acting as a private individual. and
OF which the members me officials were
subjects Of civilized States. This body
founded establishments; it occupied terri
tory; 1t obtained oessions Of sovereignty or
suzerainty from native chiefs. Yet 1t was
neither legally dependent upon any State.
nor did It's members reject the authority Of
their respective Governments and estab-
lish themselves permanently on the soil as
a de facto independent community. In
1884 this association represented to the
United States that It had "by treaties with
the legitimate sovereigns" in the basins Of
the Congo and adjacent regions obtained
the cession OF territory for the use and
benefit Of Free States. established and being
established under the care and supervision
OF the said association in said basins and
adjacent territories. to which cession the
"n-