Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-12-10
EXPERT IS A WITNESS
David N. CarvaIho Appears in
Patent Fraud Trial.
TELLS OF HANDWRITING
Says Ned Barton Initiated Pen Work
of Certain Clerks.
MAKES USE OF LARGE CHARTS
Describes "Doctoring" of Papers
Evident From Use of Two
Typewriters.
TELLS OF HANDWRITING
MAKES USE OF LARGE CHARTS

David \. Carvalho. expert in handwrit-
ing and typewriting, who has appeared in
some of the most important trials in this
country, was witness for the govern
ment today in the patent fraud trial. For
two hours and half he discussed the
details of the governments conclusion
that Ned Barton forged names and en-
tries to benefit the defendants, John A.
Heany and Henry E. Everding, in their
applications for patents The witness
testified first as to handwriting, and told
the jury, that in his opinion, Barton had
made the entries on the jackets of ap-
pllcat1ons, etc, initiating the handWrit-
Ing of the clerks whose business it was
to make the entries; also that Barton had
made marginal notes and written inter-
lineations in the pages of the applications,
specifications, etc. Then, taking up the
questio nof typewriting. he testified as to
the changed specifications, etc, and by
the aid OF large charts on the wall showed
that he reached the conclusion that the
papers were "doctored' because two type
writer's had been used.
Qualities as Expert.
Mr.. Carvalho was the first witness called
this morning. He prefaced his testimony
amining handwriting and typewriting
He was shown the file wrapper Of one of
the suspicious applications in the case and
which Is alleged to have been tempered
with and declared most of the handwrit-
ing was Barton's. Previous testimony
had been to the effect that Barton had
no cause to put anything on file wrappers
in the course of his business Examining
further into the pages of the application
and specifications. he found many alter
atoms and interpretations which he de-
clared were made by Barton.
A patent Office letter of March o. 1905
relating to the procuring of one of the
patents In the case, signed by w. a.
Cowles and countersigned by Leonard
Day was declared to be forgery and
to have been perpetrated by Barton.
In the pages of the second application
and specification Of the case CarvaIho
found Barton's handwriting on nea ly
every paper According to him. Barton
marked the papers. making the entries
generally relesated to his clerks. and
simulated the writing in most instances.
Following his testimony as to each
written word the witness went deep into
the art of examining handwriting and
outlined the rules he had applied In the
examination Of the exhibits before the
jury.
Gives Reasons in Detail.
His reasons for saying Day and
''Cowles'' in the March 2S, 1905. letter
were forgeries were in the nature of a
lecture. He showed Standards or ad-
mitted handwritings of Mr.. Day and Mr..
Cowles, and then gave long and detailed
reasons for reaching his conclusion. He
spoke of pen pressure base line depar-
ture," 'upstrokes' and half a dozen
other terms Each letter had its own lit
tie biography put down in the court rec
and while Mr. Cory91hn Sna2 ki1X
the attorneys for the defense took copious
notes.
The witness said that Barton had some
exceptional characteristics in writing, in
the way of holding his pen. making the
tops of certain letters etc. He added that
Barton had become SO firmly fixed In
these habits of penmanship that the de-
partures from standard penmanship were
a part of his personality.
when / find the same characteristics
in dozens OF instances, the same pressure
on the same kinds of curves and strokes.
occurring all through the writings, no
matter what it purports to be. or whose
1t initiates, ! know it's done by the same
man. the witness remarked. And In
these papers l see so much of one GER
tain popularity that I know it's Barton
Basis Of Argument.
The expert argument on most of the
handwriting claimed to be disguised was
tndl uO IHdllcI "uOSc "IIIlHS "dS SlliiU-
lated, or how clever an imitation it was.
the same hand guided the pen. because
of the traces of the Barton personality.
In some of the disputed writing the let
tiers were shown to have the same rela-
ton to the base line as Barton's regular
handwriting.
After more than an hour of straight and
uninterrupted talk from Mr. Carvalho,
Judge Gould interrupted to say he
thought the jury had been enlightened
sufficiently on the subject, and the matter
of typewr.ting was taken up. The wit
ness declared that out OF every type
writing machine in the entire world nc
two had exactly the same characteristics.
in the eyes of an expert Small indenta'
tons in the type appear after use, visible
To a microscope and visible when specl
men of the typewrting is enlarged great
TO the en- agreements made for the case.
i'm which sheet Of letter paper was
shown as five feet wide. and the type
written characters were two inches high
Different Machines Used.
The specifications in the 'X'' application
were shown by him to have been written
by different machines.
The government is trying to prove that
1.-THE defendants and Ned Barton, already
sentenced, operated together to obtain a
patent by so changing the the patent office
files that patent that would have been
rejected was fraudulent1y obtained. and
that papers wore put into the patent Office
files and that letters were forged that
changed the application.
Carvalho stated that some of the inter-
'ineations in the specifications were made
on different machines. The interlinea-
ions make additions to the subject mat
ter which entirely change the value and
the patentability of the application.
Women and Their Check Books.
From the Dundee Advertiser.
Stories about banking accounts owned
hA told in a London naner