davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
Some odIous Comparisons.

Why will parents plant the seeds Of
Jealousy and hatefulness In their chill
dren by making odious comparisons
with other little ones? Who does not
remember being contrasted to that
sweet little girl next door "who never
caused her mother a moments anx-
fetyf'
How you hated that meek faced
small girl who was only good because
she knew how to dissimulate or else
she was born naturally prim and with.
out ambition or imagination. An
your school days she was held up to
you as bugbear, and then when
she was seventeen I'm blessed II she
didn't elope with the family coachman.
and In your heart you were glad of 1t.
for her ghost was laid to rest forever
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
An Important Reminder.
3 the baby plenty Of water 20

Give the baby plenty of water 70
drink
Half the time when 1t cries the poor
little thing is thirsty. MIX is no good.
The kid wants water-not sweet wa
ter or iced water. but plain water.
1t should have water offered to II
three and four times day. We keep
children In warm, steam heated rooms
and overdress them half the time;
then we wonder why they 6dget.
Common sense is needed In the nufs.
cry more than anywhere else.
MAUD ROBINSON.
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
Those Who OferAd-
vict The WsH
Gyoomtd Woman.
That Good Chill
Next Dooy--Plenty
Of Gold Wyats,.

LAND anything" remarked the
oman, "but people who give
<e.'
Etlng you to take IT," suggested
Ielor.
|rsel The people who don't ex-
thing are harmless enough.
he that's at all bright knows
ask advice for the sake Of
|onversatlon, but some women
h-up-to-datei
Ither day, I admit, | bad the
/ leaned my head on the table
a good cry. Everything was
wrong. Old Miss Simpkins
E, and, instead Of holding her
bis Is what she bleated forth:
dear. If you had only followed
'er W
10 think Of II, she had given
e, tons Of 1t. on how to man.
ousehold, my husband, my ba..
who hasn't any OF theml AS
remember all that STUFF or be
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
MOI Vet. but soon.

It is pointed out by the obseryaat
Mrs. Gait. who has marvellous knnck
OF "acquisltion In behalf of her cause. >
that only two fields of business and
professional activity remain that the
Inspiring and persistent American wo.
man has failed to invade. For some
reason or other probably oversight.
she hasn't yet gone into the marine
corps or the ranks Of the sailors nor
are there any female telephone or tele-
graph '1inemen."
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
BLOCKADED
Every Household In Arcadia Should
Kaoxv How 40 Resist II

The back aches because the kidneys
are blockaded.
Help the kidneys with their work.
The back will ache no more.
Lots of proof that Doan's Kidney
Pills do this.
It's the best proof, for it comes from
Arcadia
Miss Marion HOLSTER, Polk Ave-
Arcadia Florida, says "My back was
weak for some time and there was also
a dull pain across my kidneys that eau
sed me much misery. 1t was often
difficult for me to assume comfort
able position, owing to these troubles.
Finally my husband procured a box oil
Doan's Kidney Pills for. me at Harry
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15

BY clothes don't mean Fluffy Ruff.
fies effects. The simplest tailor made
well cut and hung and with the proper
accessories discounts the more fiashy,
less carefully made and put on gown.
An elaborate, beautiful couture with
every hair In place. carefully mani
cured hands, flashing white teeth and
a clear complexion constitute ia them
selves beauty of very appealing kind.
BE well groomed women, and you
will never be failures. Take my word
for II.
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15

of white and graham bread alternately
and cutting them into narrow strips
which, II one wishes. may be tied with
ribbon.
Melba sandwiches are made OF red
peppers and egg finely minced between
slices of graham bread.
Walnuts and lettuce are combined
with mayonnalse inside OF white bread.
Cream cheese and currant Jelly are
mixed to paste and spread between
saltines.
The familiar watercress sandwich Ia
made newer by the addition OF minced
seimon.
4 bread sandwiches filed with
ps->syd delicious.
Among Sweet sandwiches may be
counted fig paste and almond nli~s,
and apples chopped fine and favored
with touch Of molasses. The latter
\ used with graham bread.
GERTRUDE HOUsEMAN.
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15


child In -satins, is a common sight in
any Of our street cars, Go to the
cheaper shops. and there you will find
Bleazy chiffon hats decorated with artl.
6cial flowers, gorgeous white silk coats
lined with cotton, near leather shoes
gay with tassels and muffs and tippets
Of rabbit ermlne. Ask for blue serge
play dress for child of two years,
and you will be stared at They will
show you instead white frock trim
med with rufiies and cheap valen.
ciennes as hard to launder as 1t is to
keep clean Ii is IN the really smart
shops that by way of surprise you find
the serviceable white cotton stockings,
the sailor suits and Russian blouses Of
serge and the serviceable poke bonnets
and dark coats In which the youngsters
caE-rcup and play TO their hearts de-
HIGHT It's the very 5000
ford to dress their < i 49,, merry who
don't do 1t. They have 20 Mech sense.
Don't keep your babyin white thing
so long If you only haye one maid AMI
the washing must be- counted. White
baby things that ale not absolutely
fresh are-well. there's no word for
them.
5 Colored coats end bonnets are to be
had for as young q child as a year and
half. They are made very simply
and they look wen. Shoes gnd stock
ings come to match. And the sight Of
a little child all in brown or IN blue is
much prettier than one in mussy white,
! can tell you.
Leave the fancy things for the time
when the child Is grown up and can
appreciate them
MARY woRTHLEY,
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
Newspaper chanae !.

Mobile, Ala Oct ga Nerd.
ian, Miss, special says that the sale
Of the Morning Dispatch to Messrs,
B. s. Bernard and Frank L. Mayes.
owners Of the Pensacola. Fla, Jour
nal, has been officially announced,
the owners taking immediate charge
of the property. No changes have
been announced in the editorial force.
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
Bonds Were Forfeited.

Columbus, Ca. Oct. 10, When the
cases OF G.. /. Marlborough, R. l.. Sal.
ter and J. A. Bagley, charged with
violating the prohibition law, were
called in the city court. the defend
ants. 1t is said, failed to appear The
bonds, 81. 500 for Marlborough and Sal
ter each and $500 for Bagley. were
forfeited
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
Names That VIII Be On The Ticket
coNGREssMHN

First strict--Stephen NJ. Sparkman,
Democrat; George w. Allen, Republican
c. c. Allen, Socialist.
Second District-Frank Clark, DEM
ocrat; William r. o'Neal, Republican;
A. N. Jackson, Socialist.
Third District-J. Walter Kehoe,
Democrat; Dannitte Mays, Democrat;
William H. Northup, Republican; c. NJ.
Wood, Socialist.
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15

Cross Drug Store and began using
them. They had the desired effect for
the contents of one box drove all the
pain and lameness from my back"
For sale by all dealers, Price 50
cents. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo,
New York, sole agents for the United
States.
Remember the .Doan's-and
take no other.
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15

exquisite quality Of being well
d is absolutely essential to wo-
fuccess. IF she Is o married wo-
he needs 1t to retain her bus
|afection and the respect Of her
b. II she Is In business she
pt stlll more. II is the outward
bible sign OF her capabilIty'
|oman who is really bright ever
Clothes. She realizes how much
id to her appearance and how
judged by appearances IN this
of fact century.
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
DRESSING THE BABY.
Practical Clothes Are One Of the Signs
Of Good Breeding.

III can always tell the mothers social
position by the child's clothes" re-
marked the nurse.
The children of the poor. of those
who can least afford It, are the most
overdressed. The mother in rags, the
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15

crusts pared of. The butter used
should be creamed and spread evenly.
A dish divided into three sections is
the latest thing for serving different
kinds.
Among the prettlest Of plain bread
and butter sandwiches is the layer one,
made by pressing together thin slices
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
SOME NEW SANDWICHES.

They Make Good Additions to Lunches,
suppers and Tea
There Is a great art In making a
good sandwich. A sharp knife is an
absolute necessity, The bread should
be cut In quarter inch slices and the
The champion. (Arcadia, Fla.) 1895-1911, 1908-10-15
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS.

Democrats-H. p. Bailey, P. w. But
tier, Robert f. Davis, George c. Martin,
Samuel Pasco.
Republicans. T.. Bielby, c. H.
Stewart, ]. T. Carbel, H. w. Bishop,
c. G. Parlin.
Peoples Pafty-D. l.. McKinnon, T.
J. Bell, w. r. Peterson, Jr., l.. II,
Cahoon, Henry Bush.
Prohibition Party--Stephen +. Foster,
F. Prescott Bullock, Francis P. Coffin,
e. T.. Johnson, Francis c. Pratt.
Socialist-E. c. Baker, J. J. Collins,
j. N. Lee, +. c. Post, f. c. Smith.
Independence Party-R. l.. McCliu-
took, f. J. Mcdonnell James Largue,
Jr., w. c. Harpey, l., p. Thompson.
DEMOCRATIC STATE TICKET.
Governor-Albert w. Gilchrist.
Secretary of State-H. Clay Crawford.
Comptroller-A. c. Groom.
Treasurer-W VI Knott.
Commissioner of Agricultural. f..
McLin. @
Superintendent Of Public Instruction
w. M. Holloway.
Attorney General-Park II. Trammell.
Justices of the Supreme Court-Wm.
A. Hooker, Thomas M. Shackleford.
Railroad Commissioner-Royal {.
I'm.
RErug- sTArR TICKET.
Governor-John M. Cils.
Comptroller. l.. Skipper. 4
treasurer. r. Webster.
Secretary of State-John F. Horr.
Attorney General-Fred c. Cubberly.
Superintendent of Public Instruction
George w. Holmes.
Commissioner of Agriculture. F.
Stunkel.
Railroad Commissioners. W. Row.
ley.
Supreme Court Judges-E. BLY,, Fred
w. Marsh.
SOCIALIST STATE TIcLET.
Governor--A. ]. Pettigrew.
Secretary of State-A. {. Sill.
State Treasurer-A. B. Kimballl.
Superintendent OF Public Instruction
Mrs. S. f. ]. Lynn.
Railroad Commissioners. Clark
Beach.
Commissioner of Agriculture Chas.
r. Schneider.
comptroller-c, Meitin
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
COMING Events

A fine entertainment is in store for
many at the First M. K. Church next
Friday evening, 18th inst. Miss Mar
garet Barger graduate of Peabody Con-
servatory of Music and Organist in
Eutaw Place Baptist Church, Baltimore,
assisted by w. Stanley Peters and
others, will give an organ recital and
concert. Miss Barger is of specially
high repute as an instrumentalist, and
and her assistants are of the first class
Last, not least, Miss Virginia Jones, of
South Fork, Pa, will render a cornet
solo.
Rev. E. J Richardson, Field Secretary
of the Northern District of the Virginia
Anti. Saloon League, will deliver car
toon lecture in Grace M. E. Church,
South, Friday, 18th inst pictures
Drawn While He Talks" An enter
tanning and humorous appearance.
The Mountain Ash Male Voice Party,
winners at the National Eisteddfod and
of the Queens Hall, St. James Hall,
Aeolan Hall-London Concerts, under
the leadership of Mr.. T. Glyndwr Rich
ards, the most magnetic of conductors,
will shortly begin their tour of the States
'BOoked' to sing in the White House,
Washington, before President Roosevelt
and Cabinet, they will come thence to
Frostburg to meet an assuredly great
audience. The choir has repertoire of
over 20 choruses, of Welsh, American,
English, and Continental authorship.
No coon songs, no clap-trap, no cheap
effects, but the most stirring and soul
inspiring music ever heard. No Euro
pean choir of their high standing ever
before visited America. Each and every
member of the Party is a total abstainer,
and, altogether, they represent the vari-
Gus religious bodies of Wales, and Mr.
Richards is himself deacon of Beth
ania church, Mountain Ash. The Party
is due here about month hence, but
admission should be secured now
Messrs George and Albert G. Wehner,
father and son, went to Hagerstown a
few days ago for the formers new auto
mobile, and will probably return with
it today.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
An Interesting Session


The Twelfth Grand Council of the
Ohio Jurisdiction, Young Mems In
stitute, adjourned at noon Tuesday to
meet in Oakland, Garrett county, this
State. in August, 1909.
The last days session was given main
ly to election of officers, accomplished as
follows:
Grand Chopiam-Rev S. j. Clarke, Frost
burg, Md.
Gramd PrcSident-A S Will, Frostburg,
Md.
Gramd First Vice re>ident-Herman GAIL,
Reading, Ohio.
GrandSccond Tjce- Prcsjdemt-Francis Elan
nagan Midland, Md.
Grand Se"rstory-W. d. Equi, Roanoke,
Va.
G,amd Treas"rer-A. J. McNalIy, Zanes-
vile, Ohio.
Grand NurShal-George Adele, Wellston,
Ohio
Grdnd Lecturer dnd O,ganjzer-Rev J. J.
Snyder lronton Ohio
Chairman Of tie Board IF Grd,td DircctorS-
Frank McDermott, Mt. Savage, Md.
Supreme DelegdteS-William f. Ray, Gin
cinnati and James f, Heasel Roanoke, Va.
1t is seen that Frostburg Jared hand
somely i'll the electiou-the two leading
offices having been bestowed upon Frost
burg members.
The Supreme Council will meet in
Louisville, KY, next month.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
RreXitieS.

Somebody writing in the Cumberland
Times speaks of ''swine" as this species
Of the bovine character" Just Thirty
Years Ago" Frostburg man who kept
loud smelling hog-pen in town was
hooked by an indignant cow-what fol
nobody ever knew, but neighbor sus-
pected it was on account of some sort of
Dissatisfaction of Swine with
bovine"
A gentleman whose fire insurance
policy located him on "Bowery street
consulted his title deed this week and
found that he is on Main street.
Forthwith he had policy changed to
conform with the deed. Yet the au-
thorities continue to allow the lies nailed
up on the streetcorners to remain.
Ther was commercial report out on
Monday that attracted no little interest
ID statement that Zeller's barber-shop
had put out bargain-c counter offer of
"a half-face shave for nickeln'
AS about $1,000 worth of special I'M
provement" is about to be imposed upon
Broadway property-owne at cost of
$6, 900 to the latter, the next logical step
will be an increase of assessment in at
least the sum of that same $4,000. This
will amount to an annual fine of $50 for
making an improvement of especial
benefit not to themselves, but to the
gentry who own horses, buggies, car
riages, wagons and automobiles. Dis
senting from this view of municipal
duty, however, an Orman-Stre gentle
man thinks that 1.-The horse and auto
mobile-driving gentry should be re-
quired to take out an an annual license
at stiff rate for improvements which
not only give them the enjoyment of
good streets, bit gjres them possession Of
Me streetSi"
The colored camp-meeting in Brad
dock Grove attracted many attendants.
When the Broadway paving job is
completed the town will have found
that each of the 1 1856 feet has cost not
less than $50, an apparently staggering
price for about 20 square feet.
Another error recklessly current is
the use of the word, city" for town.
There is in printed parlance "city
clerk; in sign-work city tax-collector, "
and i'll lron-letter under the feet "city
water" but III the Act of Incorporation
no such designation appears. Why
not recozniZe, accept and maintain the
fact Ill all connections that this is torn
at least until the Legislature declares
tnit IL is CITY!
The deferred picnic of the Uniform
Rank, Knights of Pythias, was largely
attended last Saturday evening.
The program of the Epworth League
rally, Grace M. E. Church, South,
printed herein last week, was in the
main carried out. Owing to illness and
death several leading members could
not attend.
The Lyman H. Howe moving picture
show Wednesday evening at the Frost
burg Opera House was great; in fact,
the best ever here except that of the first
cameraphone appearance
The Junior Endeavors of the Congre-
gatiOnal Church enjoyed well-attended
picnic in rear of Braddock Park Thurs
day. Several articles of edible mer.
chandise, sold, netted a nice little sum.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
RRli1lOnS.

Al Tho Firet FnplIsb Rantist chnrcb
Rev Edw. G. AIlard nast9r tomorrow
Sunday services at iOII a m and TX
n. m. Sunday school Of, a m
Al ST Joints Episcopal Church. Rev.
f. NJ. G. Btdcll. rector Tomorrow G2th
Sunday after Triuitvl o. m. morn
ing PRAYER; 1OI, a, m. HOLY Communion
and sermon; 81 u. m, SUNDAY school:
10 D. m. evening PRAYER and sermon
"What is Confirmation and WHY Should
| Be Confirmed?' Solo-Harold Eich-
how,
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
ACk nowlcu1InentS.

From the Johnson Farm, in Garrett
county, miles west of Frostburg.
Thomas johnson, proprietor, came last
Saturday a big basket, "heaping full. -
of apples, tomatoes, etc.-products Of
orchard and garden. The apples were
of a choice variety name now forgotten,
while the tomatoes, Mr.. johnson con-
fessed, though of Bryan quality, were of
Taft size. That is, if 300 pounds be a
noticeable weight for a statesman, -
pounds makes tomato attract special
attention. Coming from historic
farm and a family co-ancestral with
Washington, the fruits were thoroughly
enjoyed.
Mrs. Josiah Ford has night bloom
ing cereus plant Is years old. During
Sunday night last six magnificent flowers
doomed, one of which she kindly sent
to the JOURNAL Monday morning. 1t
was delightfully."- beautiful and fragrant.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
Should Finish the job.

In the proceedings of last regular
meeting of Council, reported il jour
NAL, the following appears:
Town Engineer William Harvey reported
having inspected the work of placing the
street names and numbering of houses and
stores, and found that | .465 numbers had
been placed; that several of the street-cor-
ners had not had names placed thereon, and
he recommended that Bealls Lane be re-
named Standish street, as all the deeds for
property on that street called for ''Standish
street"
Did Mr.. Harvey go far enough?
Did he find that any streets are mis-
posted?
Did he find the name, "Union," on
any street i'll town?
Did he find the adjective, Main" on
any street where it belongs, or any street
where it does not belong?
And if "all deeds for property on
'Beall's Lane call for 'Standish street, !"
and for that reason name should be
changed, why does not the same de-
mand hold good for "Bowe1y" that should
be Main" and for Main" that should
"Union %
Mr.. Harvey should make the tour
again, or at least make another, fuller
and more correct report.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
In the Realm of Fraternity.

Frostburg City Lodge, No. SO, knights
of Pythias, enjoyed fine time Wednes,
day evening. The smoker" was sue
cess from first to last.
Messrs. Robb and Russler, of Cum
berland; Prof. Craig, of Hancock, Md,
and Thomas Gatehouse, of this place,
delivered effective addresses; the Junior
Band rendered several choice selections,
as did the Hill Brothers and Mr.. Lam
caster, of Eckhart.
baugh and Thomas Longford sang solos,
each pleasing the audience.
DeIjcdteSS"n and cigars were lavishly
served and fraternally enjoyed.
To crown all, Wall. Patterson closed
the function with an exstatic rendition
of Aud Lang Syne.'
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
The Teacher.

In the law of evidence character Is the
estimate of the individual by the COM
munity.
In the school-room character is the
self-mastery which pre-assures com
petent consistent mastery of the pupils.
Character is growth.
As teacher grows older he should
become more and more competent
master of pupils in the same ratio be be :
comes more and more master of him
self.
Department is not character but an
outward indication of character, just as
ductility is a visibly constituent quality
of gold.
In department pupils are quick to dis
Germ discrepancies between precept and
practice.
Hence, consistency, rather stability, is
an essential element of character
For only stable character can repro
duce stability.
The teacher, to be competent, must
have clear, unimpeachable mastery of
all the courses under his direction.
He cannot teach intelligently or eff
ticiently further than he knows.
Indeed, he should know more than he
expects or attempts to teach.
He should be able to apprehend clear
ly and fully the environment of his
office and all of the many individual in
terests that centre in him and his ad
ministration.
He should be philosopher and phys
icist-a discoverer of causes and a
curer of disorders growing out of vary
ing conditions.
Some of these may arise in the school.
room-from heat, cold or ventilation
some the pupils may bring from home.
and others may be due to vagrancies of
his own mentality.
The true teacher, the capable teacher
the effective teacher is an all-round man
of the highest type.
The nature of his office may make him
yet more, but should never make him
less
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
New Railway Locals.
Letter to Mayer Bros.
w TT
Frost burp Md

Dear iSjr&-Iou manage men AMI ma
chinery; no-one knows better than you that
one man is worth more than another that
one machine is worth more than another
machine. Sometimes you pay the man
more sometimes you don't; sometimes the
machine costs more, sometimes it doesn't
The difference is, sometimes, two or three to
one, and costs not cent.
So with paint, and more too; the paint
that does best service makes a less first cost
of the JOb-yOu can paint DeVOe at less eX
penSe than the meanest stuff you can get.
1t is like a good steady man or machine ;
but goodness and steadincSS have to be paid
for i'll men, in machines not always. and
never in paint Paint is cheap in proportion
to strength.
1t is pure paint that is steady and good; it
is paint adulterated that Is tricky There is
enough paint in the worst of these mixtures
to look and feel like paint, and enough
adulterants (whiting, china-clay. barytcs
ground stone, bcn2ine Water to make two
gallons of one.
There are eight pure paints in the United
States; we know of no more; there are POO
adulterated. We analyze all, and know
what they are made-Of. Pure isn't all you
want strength. The least-g gallons paint is
DevOe.
Yours truly,
1901 f. w. DEvoE x Co.
p. 81. w. SHEA sells our paint
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
Died

At Rowlesburg, w. Va, Thursday,
August p, 1908, Mrs. Minerva Dawson,
aged IS years. Mrs. Dawson was the
widow of the late John L. Dawson, long
time Frostburg building contractor
Several sons and daughters survive.
At her home i'll New Bedford, Ohio,
Monday morning, August 81, 1908, Mrs.
Ella Yungerman Lair, wife of Rev.
Frank Lahr, aged 26 years. The de-
ceased lady was a daughter of ex-Coun-
Gilman j. Conrad Yungerman, of this
place. AS wife of pastor, she was
worthy of the distinction accorded by
all to model of Christian gentility and
devotion. Besides her husband, she
leaves an infant child. The funeral
took place here Thursday afternoon,
Rev. G. E Metger, conducting the SER
vice, Rev. G. A. Hauser. of Rochester,
N Y assisting
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1908-09-05
Probably a Good Investment

Charles E. Stephens, of Washington
Pa, formerly of this place and now
visiting here, received an encouraging
telegram Wednesday. June 11th, last, he
bought a one sixteenth interest in 900
acre oil lease-to be developed by wells
Well No. l, drilled August 24th produces
"a barrels day; No. ?, drilled Septem-
Der LIST, does still better, and No. 3,
started last Monday, is to be heard from.
AS Pennsylvania crude sells at 81 rs a
barrel, Mr.. Stephens stock yields him
the value of l barrel in every IS. No
3 will be completed about two weeks
hence.