davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

considering the high order of ability and
Hceptional qualifications required. The
horthand sharps at the Capitol are in
First of ALL it is requisite that they shall
have the ability to attain the acme OF
high speed work-not in an occasional
squirt. but as regular daily grind.
Many of the achievements In rapid
writing which the congre ssiona official
reporters dismiss lightly as a common
place feature of their regular routine are
little short of miraculous. Isaac Pitnan
in his text books claimed that 40 words
per minute is the average of public speak
ing, whereas many of the revised modern
text books on shorthand promise the be-
sinner that a speed of 100 words per min
ute will qualify him to do verbatim re-
porting. A speed of 2ou words per minute
is generally considered amply sufficient
for all court and convention stenography.
and yet even this rate Of writing would
fall far short of the requirements in re-
cordng the sharp colleagues that occur in
any exciting debate in Congress. Just to
illustrate the skill of the official reporters
it might be cited that one of them in a
recent demons ira ton before the students
IF a shorthand school wrote on an ordi-
nary blackboard with common chalk at
the record-breaking speed of 26J words
per minute. making characters that were
legible in all parts of the large school
room. The principal of the school was so
dumfounded that he had the blackboard
photographed and had a number of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

to the present day on this continent no
human bones of undisputed geological an
tquity are known-thus challenging the
claims Of many noted finds from the Gala
veras skull to the Nebraska ''loess man
attracted attention.
DR.. Hrdlicka recently summarized what
has been done, what is being done. and OF
much wider scope. what it is still possible
TO DO through Investigations of this sort.
In the name of physical anthropology.
are conducted Investigations to determine
day. and in what directions he is likely to
develop in the future Such Investigations
are conducted, when authoritative at all
by exhaustive systems of measurements
and comparisons of living beings and Of
skulls. brain spaces and skeletons. Data
thus obtained and calculations based on
them then used to determine the
average and the range of variation in
form OF one race of men ard women. the
white race, for instance, which in turn
ar" placed alongside of similar figures
taken from the back race. the yellow
race or the red race. and their differences
scientifically determined. Such measure
ments Of men of the present day may then
be considered in relation to very early re-
mains dU, up in southern Europe. or the
skeletons and skulls of antropoid apes, to
find out just what changes have taken
place since man became man. From con-
siderationS of this sort, when thoroughly
worked out. ii may he possible to tell In
what direction we are going.
But measurements of the structure of
present man are also very useful in de-
terminiug the organic characteristics OF
exceptionally capable men" or physically
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

the primates. or apes and monkeys. They
are determining the development and
variation OF mems structure and COM
position as far back they can. They
are comparing one race with another.
drawing more closely the lines of demar-
and studying the effects of intermarriage
on offspring They are attempting to find
out the effect OF extremes of elevation.
climate. foods. ha hitation. occupation
and customs on the structure Of man.
They are testing the physical charac-
teristics of men mentally below the aver
age. They are studying the effect Of sur
roundirgs on the growth Of children.
In America proper Investigations have
the study of child growth. Energies may
also be applied not only to discovering
the details OF the first appearance of
man on this side Of the wate-, but in the
present day TO the problem of the char
acteristicS and racial relations CT the In
dian and the Eskimo, the physical assini-
lation of the new families of the white
race immg grating to America, the develop
ment of the negro element and the ef-
feet of the mixture OF the white with
the negro and Indian. and to questions of
a similar nature arising III regard to the
Philippines Hawai-, Samoa and our other
possessions.
In general. the ultimate aim of the
science of physical anthropology is,
the basis of accumulated knowledge. and
together with other Branches of research.
TO show TIE tendencies Of the future de-
velopment of man and to lay down in
dications for its possible regulation or i'm
proyement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08
How Long Birds Live.

From Country Life
Recorded facts as 10 the longevity OF
birds in even the best natural histories
are few; it therefore becomes almost the
duty IF observers to place on record any
Observation-Disclosures cases which come un-
der their notice.
Ladies of my acquaintance who live at
Long Ditton have sent TO me the follow
ing exact facts relating to a ringdove: 1t
flew into their house on Whitsunday.
1850, from a house adjoining. in which Ii
was Matched in the previous September.
1t remained with them and grew very
tame and attached to the ladies. Its last
moult was not completed as soon as usual.
and its feet seemed to give way. so that
IT was seldom in its cage, but about In
the room or nesting on its mistresses.
1t died December -. 1907, being then
twenty-eight years and three months old.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

what is not and what can. be done tor
him in order to improve either his individ-
ual condition or his condition one of Il
great family of animals In general the
study of mankind is called anthropology.
For purposes of investigation the study
of man has been divided by those engaged
in such researches into physical and Gull
tural anthropology. Cultural anthrcpo.o
gy deals usually in a comparative manner
with everything that has been done or can
be done in the industrial, economical and
social development OF mankind. Physical
anthropology treats. also III a comparative
manner. of the structure of man, his past
development as an animal the Influences
that affect the physical growth, and the
lines along which he is likely or may be
made to develop in the future. Strange as
il may SEEM physical anthropolosy, as d
separate science, is one OF the youngest.
Even now there are not many men of
science to whom the term physical an
thropologist might be applied-inves;i
gators who give their whole time to the
study of these questions OF the structure
of mankind. In the United States there
are ever than in the European countries.
Among those in this field is Dr.. AleS
Hrdlicka of the United States National
Museum. who not long ago completed eX-
haustive Investigations on al the recog-
niZed remains of the So-called early man
in North America. His conclusions that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08
TYPEWRITER i R495cR{g1na NoTE5 EcoQ,


brother. Mr.. Edward V. Murphy. and Mr.
Shuey. who hold it Jointly
The price paid for reporting the pro-
ceedings of the Senate is $4,000 per year.
so that it would appear that on the face
of things the House of Repres entatives
paws somewhat more for the verbatim
record of its proceedings than does the
Senate. Ii was the original intention
however, that the expenditure for IT, s
purpose should be about equal for the
two houses of Congress. In the investiga-
ton of the matter which resulted in the
adoption of the contract plan in the Sen
ate and the salary scheme in the HOUSE it
was discovered that there was very little
difference in the volume OF the reporting
in the two houses A computation COW
ering several years showed that on an
average the variation between the chron-
icles of the Senate and House Of Repra
sentatives did not exceed thirteen columns
Of the Congressional Record for an entire
session of the laW-making body.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

much has been accomplished Physical
anthropology has directly advanced gen.
efal anatomy, especially in regard to the
skeleton and the brain. and has con-
trlouted TO zoology. general biology and
other natural sciences. 1t has established
the physical knowledge of races and many
of their subdivisions. 1t gave an i'm
petus to search for remains of early man
and determined the physical character
istics of the finds: it actuated and largely
carried out the study of mans develop
ment from his very beginning. 1t brought
about physical investigation. and through
this IA vast improvement of our knowledge
of the criminal and ether defective
classes. 1t led directly to the practical
systems OF identification of criminals. 1t
took part in and promoted the studies
in human heredity. variation, degenera7
ton and racial intermarriage. 1t added
to the knowledge of the functions and
pathology of the human body and espe-
cially the brain. 1t furthered vital stat
istics. and it has already begun to assist
other branches in pointing out. on the
basis of gained knowledge. ways toward
the safeguarding and improving of the
human race.
What men engaged in research of this
sort are aiming to do now in order to tell
in general what the man of the future
will be like and perhaps to look out in
a way for his needs, has been summarized
by DR.. Hrdlicka. They are completing
q study of the normal white man living
under average conditions and of the COM
plete range of his variations, to have
firm standard of comparison. They are
perfectiag the worlds knowledge of the
structure, function and composition of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08
c1Hzvnal( AcrnIE. 34boqDmq TAopeRARH REcop7

staff o. official reporters comprises Messrs.
Thapdore F. Shuey. Edward V. Murphy,
Milton W. Blumenberg. Henry j. Genslar
Daniel b. Lloyd and James w. Murphy.
with Eugene C.. Monkey as assistant. The
first two men on this list-Messrs. Shuey
and Murphy-hold the contract and en-
pIoy their associates. That the contract
plan prevails IL the Senate was due tC
the wish of the late Dennis +. Murphy.
pioneer of the famous Senate reporters.
When the method to be followed in al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

lowing conversation for the official re-
porting in Congress was under considera
ton third OF century ago Mr.. Dennis
Murphy. who was in charge of the Senate
reporting, expressed preference for the
contract system. which would give him
a lump sum for doing the work. instead of
salary. and would incidentally allow
him free rein in the selection of as
sistants. Mr. Murphy first took the con-
tract i'll the early seventies. and after his
death it was transferred, in 1896, to his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

ferty and Samue! IL. Gray, -ach receive
compensation at the rate Of 5000 per
year and there are four o4nCial stenog-
raphers-W. j. kehoe. NJ. L. Blumen-
berg. John ID. Cremer and Harry f.
Dodge. VINO also receive 5000 salaries
An assistant official reporter receives
81 200 per year and an assistant sjenOg-
rapher is paid at the rate of 1000 per
annum.
In the Senate the work Of reporting the
proceedings IS covered by contract. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

defective human beings such as chronic
alcoholics. epileptics, idiots and criminals.
The beginnings of study i'll the field of
physical anthropology were obstructed by
many barriers of religious beliefs, gov
crnmental restrictions and even police
regulations. The first book in what
might be called this field was published.
however. as early as 1850 by Peyrere.
under the title of "Preadamites. An
other appeared in 1899 by Tyson. called
comparative Anatomy of Man and Mon
key" LnnaeUs, in 173J. in his corner
stone of science. the "Systema Naturae.'
gave a foundation upon which to base
physical anthropoiogy. by considering
man for the first time in connection with
living creatures in general. Not until
fifty years ago, however. did students of
man begin to set together A petition
to the project of police to organize a So
siety in Paris was fatty refused. but no
law being found to prevent the assembly
of less than twenty persons. eighteen
were allowed to meet AT stated intervals
in the presence of a plain dressed police
officer. to see that nothing was said
against government or religion. After
that anthropological journals began to
be published. and finally the study Of
man in general was divided so that mans
structure became d separate branch of
the subject.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

To the army of stenographers employed
ON small salaries in all parts of the
country the 5000 received by Il con-
gressional official reporter for work that
seldom occupies more than seven months
of the year, and sometimes does not
exceed three months in twelve. may APP
pear decidedly alluring. AS matter of
fact, however, the pay is not excessive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

persons present make affidavit to the tim,
occupied by the test.
That the congressional reporters must
keep up their whirlwind writing in abbre-
Waited form not merely for a minute or
an hour but for working day OF six or
seven hours. is attested by the fact that
at one recent sitting of the House OF Rep
reSentativeS there were spoken and re-
corded in the legislative chamber an ag-
gregate of $1,000 words. OF course. no
one reporter keeps tab on the proceedings
for any protracted interval. When his
note book is filled he is relieved by an
other reporter and repairs to the work
room of the corps in the Capitol, where
he reads his notes to receptive phono-
graph or listening stenographer This
done, he can. if need be. go back and in
turn relieve his alternate. Meanwhile his
dictated notes are being transcribed on
the typewriter. and later In the day he
must correct the manuscript-a duty of
very eXacting character.
Not on,y in equipment but in working
methods have the passing years witnessed
an evolution in the most difficult form or
reporting in the world. Years ago when
the membership OF Congress. and particu-
larly of the House of Representatives..
was smaller it was entirely feasible for
an official reporter to sit near the speak
er's desk and hear clearly all that took
place. With the larger body OF lawmak-
ers and the perhaps more strenuous pro-
caedings this is no longer possible. Now
adays the official stenographer must De
on the firing line, SO TO speak. instead OF
sitting az his own desk he must in most
instances take the debates standing,
lodging up and down the aisles wherever
the oo.loquy is hottest. and considering
himself in rare luck if he gain the tenn
porary use of the unoccupied chair of a
member. To successfully carry on work
in such an environment requires not mere
" mastery of shorthand, but cool head
and quick judgment. Several members
talk at once. sentences overlap and there
ara interruptions without end, but through
all the official reporter must preserVs
his law OF continuity.
WALDON FAWCETi.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

The imperfect knowledge of anatomy
for this purpose, the lack of full collec-
tons of material. of properly trained
men and of publications the subject
have Handicapped investigators, yet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-03-08

AN has always been interested
III himself He has taken de
light in finding out what lie
can do physically and mental
" Mnaf is pnnl for him and
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
BUSY DAY
 FOR GRAND JURY
Six Indictments Returned Yesterda!,
 Mostly for Grand Larceny.

Yesterday was busy day for the grand jury, six true bills being fOgud, most of the indictments being for grand larceny. The local authorities hope to land some of the thieves, Vnd crooks in the penitentiary during this term O court The following were in dieted yesterday:
 Isaac Brown, carrying pis(ol and as sault with intent to kill
 Chas. Johnson, burglary and grand larceny, two indictments in each case.
 Ed Williams, grand larceny.
 Bain Shandy, grand larceny. Shandy is a young white boy about fifteeea years of age who has given the local off much trouble in the last four years.
 Charley Johnson, burglary and grand larceny. Johnson is the negro who burglarized (. c. Newman's home and stole Mr. Newman's watch, and later made way with his horse and buggy.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
Candidate Taft Addresses R. R. N len

Hearst News Special to the Graphic.
 Chicago, Sept. 23-Candidate Taft tonight strongly defended the Republi can attitude on the injunction propo sition before the Order of Railway Conductors. He went over the record of the Republican party to show it had done more through the admins trations of Harrison. Mckinley and Roosevelt than the Democrats. He said the safety appliance acts and law for the promotion of arbitration be- tween capital and labor were passed during Republican administrations, as well as the law limiting the hours Of employment on interstate railroads. Fe declared injunctions were granted against boycotts and laboring men only when shown they were contrary to the statutes guaranteeing free rights to all citizens.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
NEW RAILROAD L
 INCORPORATED
Guli and Magnolia Company Is Char
 tered With Sl,0O0.O0o Capital.

Little Rock, Sept. 23.-The Gulf and Magnolia Railroad Company, capital ized at si0o0oo9, Of which s10o,ooo has been subscribed, has filed articles of incorporation with the secretary of state and has been granted a charter to build the road. The road will be an extension of a railroad now in operation from Natchitoches, La, to Magnolia, Ark, distance of 100 miles, with proposed extension ol 25 miles to Hope. The principal
 stockholders are business men of Magnolia and Hope The officials Of the road are W. '. Foster, president; J. NJ. Davis, vice president; j. L. DA- wis, treasurer; s. 0. seyier, secretary The headquarters of the company will be at Hope.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
Pine Bluff Trust Co.
Department of
0C Eyt(I lIil N 4AI VT Insurance and Real Estate

A policy from our Insurance De- partment is sure cure for all wor- .aries, cares and doubts, that threaten eagents of companies with limited as %ets.
 Our Companies are the largest and strongest in the world, and our agency is a permanent one
 A purchase through our Real Es- tate Department will always be a satisfactory one.
 We can sell you beautiful home TOT cash Or monthly payments.
 We have several building lots To- cated in different parts of the city which We are selling cheap.
 Talk with us before closing deal.
 We are agents for a number of &C., cep1able dwelling houses, located in desirable neighborhoods, which We Will rent for fair price. If you are m need of nice house, let us show you what we have on our list.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
Prohibition Act
 to Be Tested

Jackson Miss, Sept 2s@.--A legal test will be made in Mississippi Of the new statutory prohibition law imme- di9tely after the measure becomes ef- fee,iye throughout the state on JaG- uary 1. according to Hon T. R. Eos ter, member of the lower house Of the legislature from Warren county, whc was at the capital last night. Tie proceeding will be to test that elau. .e of the statutes rendering Ill liquot focuses invalid after December 31. re- sa~Gless of the period for which tey We4 , issued
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24

Mr. John L. Mills received news yesterday to the effect that Mrs. W. ]. ,Galbraith has been i'll in Chicago for the past week and the return of Mrs. Mills and Mrs. Galbraith to Pine Bluff is therefore indefinitely delayed.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
No Race Suicide
 in This Family

Hearst News Special to the Graphic
 Hattiesburg, Miss, Sept. 23.-M. B. Wright, aged A, and wife, two years younger, living at Eatonville, in this county, are rejoicing over the arrival ot their sixteenth offspring, a little girl. Of the sixteen children born to them, ten are living, the eldest being p years old. Mr. Wright does not look to be more than B years old
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24

the attorney general of the state and at all hazards. he intended for some reasons of his own to protect the in- terests of the Standard Oil Company against the law"
 Further the President says that Tafts attitude toward Foraker is in striking contrast to Bryans attitude towards Haskell that Taft refused to Dc a party to the renomination of For aker and Bryan had Haskell made treasurer of his campaign committee and is stiil trying to uphold him.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
TWO CONTRACTS
 LET YESTERDAY

Oscar Mckenzie yesterday jet 8 contract to Monk & Ritchie, contract ors, for the erection of his new home, which is to built on West Fifth avenue, between Poplar and Cherry streets. The building is to be one story high, and will be finished inside with quar- tered oak material. When completed the building will cost at least s5,00O.
 Mr. Harvey Hogg also let the con- tract yesterday for a residence On Chestnut street near Sixth avenue, which will be modern throughout. Ho- gan Bros have the contract.
 Ground was broken yesterday for the foundation for the new Lakeside Methodist church, which will cost about $40,000. Lane X Mitchell have the contract.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
Forty Days
 Without Rain

Hearst News Special to the Graphic.
 Galipolis, O., Sept 22-Today marks the fortieth day without rain in this section. Much suffering and loss has been caused thereby Farm CTS are driving stock five and six miles j9 some sections for water Many schools in West Virginia districts have closed and oil operations have had to cease in some localities owing to the water famine.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
ROOSEVELT REPLIES
 TO BRYAN
Boasts Gov Haskell for His Standard Oil Connections
 and Says Bryan Is Trying to Shield Him

Hearst News Special to the Graphic
 Washington, Sept. 23.-President Roosevelt in his reply to Bryan says Bryan only dealt with Haskell's con- neetion with Standard Oil in Ohio, emitting charge as to his relations as governor of Oklahoma. Further the President says: "Gov. Haskell has not even attempted anything which can be called defense of this action of his. It thus appears that his action was inexcusable as it was Wanton, eX- cept on the theory that in defiance of
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
Gov. Sheldon
 ExpIodes a Bomb

Hearst News Special to the Graphic
 Lincoln, Neb, Sept z3.-Governor G. M Sheldon, candidate nominated on Republican ticket, today exploded T bomb when he notified the state ceu- tnal committee that he would resign from the ticket unless il is explicitly that he will further bank guarantees if elected.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24
N ember Black Hand
 Given Ten Years

Hearst News Special to the Graphic
 Danyille, Ill, Sept 23.-An Italian named Bertsche was sentenced to ten years in penitentary He was foun1 guilty of being a member of tle black Land society with headquarters in Johnson City Ills. which worked their ceuntrymen throughout southern Ili.- rois. Hp imDicates six others
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24

Hearst News Special to the Graphic.
 Baltimore, Md, Sept. 23.-Tn two speeches tonight in two different halls ir this city, Jno. w. Kern, Democratic for Vice President, said that f Governor Haskell is or has been connected with the Standard Oil Com- bany he ought to sever his connection With the national committed Until the charge is proven Mr. Kern asked for fair play. He denied having sent telegram to Mir Bryan purporting to
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1908-09-24

read that Haskell must clear himself The charge has been made that Gov. Haskell of Oklahoma, as treasurer of the Democratic national committee, has been an agent for the Standard Oil Company. The charge has been made by a man whom the President and Secretary Root have denounced as untrustworthy. Ii, however. there is q smell of fire in the garments of Governor Haskell he should sever his connection with the committee declar- ed the speaker.