davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1908-07-23

Not sixteen to one but seven to
one is the ratio of saloons to
churches in st. Louis but Ben
Deerine proposes to have them well
regulated-that is, the saloons. He
doesn't appear to be regulating the
churches .-Brookfield Gazette.
DR.. A. E. Ely, wife and three chill
dren left Friday for Coatsburg, ILL.,,
to visit Mrs. Ely's relatives.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1908-07-23

DR.. S. Maddox was a professional
visitor in Ely Thursday.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1908-07-23

Capt. Latimer, of Galesbure Ill.
a promoter of interurban roads
has been with his friend, D. X.
Vowel.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1908-07-23
Misses Olivia and Ruth Brown
visited Quincy friends Friday.

Miss May Jegglin. of Palmyra,
has been visiting her frieBds Mrs
Frank lesson.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1908-08-18
DOPISI

logodkih V naSi mali naSelbini.
\ Seer imamo tukaj dosti boil izo-
haienih in spretnejSih dopisni-
loy. nego sem JAZZ, "A kaj. ko pa
\ poroeajo resnice! Ako dopis
NJ odgovarja resnici, pa nj vreden
usenega groSa, in &c je Sc tako
l,po in duhovito spisanl
tloyeka srce boil. ko vidi. da
,araio izvestne osebe svoje last
no somisljenike in sploh 6itatelje
loyenskih liStov. Osobito kleri-
nlni listi (vStevSi ((Glas Naro-
ds'1 so prinaSali gorostasne no.
nee o tragediji, XII Sc je he dol
20 tega zavrSila V tUkajSni naSel-
Iini med MatevSem JanGigajem in
| Mary Smrekar. In ravno oni. ka-
terim je najvec koristil, bi mu mai
uie privoSeili s. peklenske mu-
le. Eden .je rekel: ustrelil hi ga.
drugi je rekel: kviSku hi ga
privezal, zakuril pod MIN in Ii
Jsga REAL, - tretji bi ga rad S
kOnii ma stir dele ~razGeSnil. - Ge
mt bi mu "gobec odbil'' it'd. it'd.
fsti. ki tako govorijo, ne pomi-
.H;o IA 81 daiaio stem naislabSe
~vneevalO o Sebi. V takih in ena-
IN -izrazih Sc zrcali vse niskotno
utenje in zivinska poSurovelost
saih klerikalno poneumjenih ro-
hkov. JAZZ pa mislim. da ga mai
| prpuste roki pravice. :. J. Sodniji.
ntera mu DO "a njegov zloein ze
ana doloeila primerno kazen.
Matevz Jan6igaj je stanoval pri
Snrekarjevih, kjer Sc je zal.jubil
Mary. Cd tam je Sci ma stano-
unie k Matevzu Polajnarju. Po-
ten je dekliein oGe, j. Smrekar.
~pspOyedal Janeigaju who'd V svo-
jo hiso. Nj res, da bi Mary ne ma
nla "a Janeigaja, marvee res pa
i da nj marala "a tistega Karla
KOmana, katerega il je njen o6e
htel "a vsako ceno usiliti; zugal
| lie, da 10 da kon6no V samostan.
iko ga ne vzame. Toda Ia nacrt
NJ ie prekrizal Matevz Jan6igaj.
stem da jo je dine II. julia OBJ
pol dvanajsti uri pc noel ustrelil.
Nj pa rabil lestve in prisel k mel
kOEi okno, ampak sci je V memo
pbO skOzi yrata. a venkaj je res
kOtil skOzi onko in Sc streljal "a
renim o6etOm. zakricavSi: Ell 81
Inv smrti syoje h6erel' Potem Sc
X Unil spet nazaj soho in re-
kl: "0h, ali je mrtva?" in ko
! to videl. je obupno vzklik-
nj: Mary SEN ustrelill'. ma kar
i lginil V blizji gozd. kier je
h skirt cello noe. Med TEN so
q zasledovali detektivi ; krvni-
N psi, V mestu pa Ga je iSkala
Enoiiea S puskami in samokresi
ssOroienih ljudii. Toda MISC ga
tObili. Drugo jutro ie prisel Jan
dgaj V drvarnico rojaka Petra
kurnika, ki je ravno drva sekal.
POvedal mu je. kaj Sc .ie zgodilo
n ga prosil, maj ga jaw policiji.
IN pa tega nj hotel storiti. ven
Jar mu je s%vetoval. maj Sc SAN IL
nei. Ma zahtevo ga je potem ia
vi policiji Jos. Sajovic. Med TEN
II odsel Jancigaj V nasprotno
sran in splezal nekoliko V hrib.
sndi hriba je potem pricakoval
Nlclle in craven pei znano Pre-
krnoyo:
II 81 kriva, ljubeznjiva,
Deklica nevsmiljena!
II me ranis, Tt mi branis,
Da ne morem spat donna.
Prisel je policaj. Jancigaj Sc mu
pnbliza. Nahaial ma SO 10 raven
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1908-08-18
Sam svoj sovraznik.

DIR. Mccormick je konstatiral.
Ola bi tretjina cd 100000 liu-
dlJ, Xxi bolehajo ali Xxi so umrli te-
kom zadnicga leta. lahko ostala
PR polnem zdravju, ako hi Sc dr.
zali najpriprostejsih zdravstvenih
pravil. Zdi Sc. kakor da hi lind
stvu he bilo mar nit zdravia niti
zivlJenja, ker lahko miselno pre-
zreJo tOliko dobrih nasvetov. Wee
KRAFT Smo ze opozarjali svoie eta
telJe ma nevarnost, XII Jim preti. A.
ko zanemarijo prve make bolczni.
Rot ma pr: izguba apctita ali te-
lesna oSlabeloSt, - ter smo V Ia
XIII slu6ajih vedno p~riporoGali
T~rinerjevo ameriSko grenko vino.
To Je edino sredStvo. ma katero
Sc Smemo sigurno zanaSati pr
vSeh zelodcnih in zivcnih bolez.
NH. Pokrepca prebavne organe.
da zopet pravilno delujeio, preze-
ne II teleSa vse zdraviu skodliive
Snovi, otisti kri in oja6i zivce. Do
bl sc V lekarnah. Jos. Triner, GIG
-622 So. Ashland Ave. Chica-
go, III.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1908-08-18

'ega PR vseh Slovencih in tudi
PR lJudeh tujih narodnostii.
R~esnicoljub.
Mount Iron, Mimi. 5. augusta
T. Cenjeno uredniStvo! Pros;m
dovolite mi nekoliko prostora Y
NaSem liStu "Proletarec''. da DO
roeam o tukajSnih delavskih raz-
merah IN o poStopanju. kakorsne-
ga Smo delezni mi revni delaycj
Nj ubogl sunni imamo edino Vas
cenjeni list. ki n~eustraseno raz.
krnkuje ilkoriSGevalcc. hinavce
IN lzdajalce delavSkega stanu.
Tukaj V naSi okolici Sc ne naha-
ia mnogo S~lovencev. T. delom GRE
zelo Slabo, in Sc oni. XII delaio. mo-
ralo delati kot nekdajni Grni su-
znJi V juzni Ameriki. Cd ultra do
vecera sc mutimo, da skromno
prezlvimo sebe in druzino. a
danes ali jutri pa mas Sc odslovt
brez vsakega vzroka. Kan Sc
nam je potem obrniti "a pomo6?
Ma To upraSanie ne more Seveda
nkdo drugi odgovoriti kakor re-
publikanski trebuSniak in precise
dmSki kandidat Taft. ali recimo
mn raje "Stefek''. Ia zna reSeva-
ii najtezie problemo. : par beseda-
ma - Bog ve,"
Da hi Sc tukaiSni delodajalci
mogli %prepricati. koga da vzamejo
' sluzbc. Y kai da dotiGni verujo.
h kateri stranki pripada, pri kom
zapije Svoj denar, kje stanuie. kie
Svoje potrebSGine kupuje, "a koga
bode volil pri mestnih volitvah a.
Il ma lesen. - bi morda bilo IL
meStno tudi tukai, da So med de-
lavci raznih narodov uStanovi ia
kozvana "PolitiGna godlia". -
kakorSno so ustanovili delavci (?l
Ely. MINI. Ravno danes sem
cital to "Proletarcu''. G. ured-
mix, vi dobro veste. kdo YAM ie
postal ia dopis. All bi hoteli hi
Ii tako dobri, ia bi pisali dotiG-
MENU svobodomislecu Sc "a nadal-
ina pojasnila? PoSebno hi iaz rad
vedel. h kateri stranki zgoraj i
menovana "godlja" pripada in
kaj ia beseda pomeni, Spada Ii h
republikanski. ali demokratski. a.
Ii socijalisticni. ali pa h prohibi
jonisti6ni stranki9 JAZZ hi bill rad
ma jasnem glede vseh teh pereGih
u%praSanj. predno bonn tudi JAZZ V
naSem mestu skusal ustanoviti j.
menovano "godljo'',
&c mi pa oni dopisnik ne odgo-
vori in ne pojasni tega. kar hi
rad zvedel, potem pa moran IL
stanovitelje tie "godlie" imenova-
Ii hinavce, XII so zvabili in orga-
nizirali uboge delavske trpine Y
svoie druStvo. Y korist sebi in
kompaniji. Dragi rojaki. XII ste
udje "politiGne godlje". Vi ste hi
Ii appellant. kakor sem videl V "a
dnjem dopisu IL VaSega mesta.
Morebiti meni ne boste verieli. "a
to ker sem ubog. reven delavec.
XII 81 mora Sluziti Svoi trdi kruh
V potu svojega obraza, tako kakor
81 ga mOrate Sluziti Vi sami. Toda
ako mi ne verujete sedaj. verjeli
mi bodete po jesenskih volitvah,
Spoznali in ~prepricali Sc boste.
da Sc nahajajo med Vami Jude
Ii Iskarjoti, ki pomakajo kruh
pri Vasem drustvu z Vami vred.-
a Vas bodo vse prodali,
YAM vedno udani prijatelj in
DaihuiSi sovraznik vSaka Dnli.;
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1908-08-18

frisel je potem drug policaj in en-
paznik cd sodisea. katerima Sc ie
pustii mirno prijeti in odpeljati v
Drugaee je bill J%an6igaj vedno
Veselega zna6aja in prijaznega O.
onasanja. Priljubljen je bill vsled-
tega PR vseh Slovencih in tudi
pr lJudeh tujih narodnostii.
Resnicoljub.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Has Been Tested.

The suggestion made to Gov. Wilson
in a letter from New York cigarette
manufacturer that Turkish tobacco
worth 81 pound could be grown sue
cessfully in Kentucky, and would mean
millions to the tobacco growers of Ken
lucky, is not received with favor in
Fayette county, where the experiment
was tried under favorable conditions
two years ago and pronounced fail
ure. The experiment was made under
the direction of F. r. Toewater. man
ager Of the country leaf department
Of the American Tobacco Company OH
the farm of r. NJ. Squires. near Chiles-
burg, Fayette county. The stalks
grew about i've feet high. but the
leaves were not much larger than at
mans hand and of such an inferior
quality that Mr.. Toewater pronounced
the experiment a failure and the to-
bacco produced not worth a cent. Since
then no further test has been m ade
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Is, 400 hogsheadS Sold.

1t was stated Tuesday by an official
OF the Burley Tobacco Society, who
had just returned from Winchester,
where an inventory OF the 1906 pooled
crop of tobacco was completed, that
Lnii crop totals Is, 400 hogshead. The
delivery of this crop, which is ready
for shipment, will begin at once. An
average of ~ l2 cents per pound, the
purchase price, approximately about
So. OOO. 600 will go into the pockets of
the growers in time for Christmas holt
days. This is considerably in excess
of the original estimate of IL, 600 hogs
heads made at the time of the recent
big sale to the American. 1t is stated
that the American Tobacco Company
will use its SIS. 600 warehouse built in
Winchester two years ago, but which
has never had pound of tobacco in
it, for receiving and storing the bulk
of the tobacco purchased in Clark and
adjacent counties.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
The Whilwind Campaign.

kentucky pays out IN rOunO NUMBERS
S3,000,000 a year for education. On
the basis of its native white-born voters
who make the men and enforce the
laws and administer the government,
Kentucky is the most illiterate OF all
the States and territories, with the ex-
ception of North Carolina. Louisiana
and New Mexico. says the Louisville
Times. The assumption that Kentucky
has not been getting an excessive re-
turn on the money expended for educa-
ton, would seem not to be strained.
That Kentucky is one of the most law
less of all the States and territories.
is a fact of record. That there is more
than a remote relation between Ken
lucky illiteracy and lawlessness. is
further assumption which does not ap-
pear strained.
The present week, which has been
set apart for "Whirlwind Campaign
of Education" may, therefore, be re-
garded as one of some moment, as 1T
effects Kentucky's status and outlook.
The late session of the General AS
sembIy enacted law for the establish
ment of district and county high
schools and passed appropriations sufii-
cient for the support and enlargement
of the scope of usefulness of the
State Normal Schools and the State
University, which latter was created
by the Legislature out of the State
Agricultural and Mechanical College
at Lexington.
Under the School law provision is
made for the election OF none but
white School Trustees who can read
and write, the division into school dis
tricts being based On the number Of
white voters, so that while the negroes
are left with the power TO vote, which
they enjoy under the old system, 1t is
impossible for negro School Trustee
to be elected. AS the Constitution f r
bids the attendance of negroes and
whites at the same school the operation
I
! of the provisions of the new law, as
! it affects both races, is left wholly in
the hands of the white race. 1t is,
therefore, upon the native white Ken
tuckian, the foreign-born white ele-
ment being too small to consider, that
the burden of redeeming Kentucky
from illiteracy rests. The means pro-
vided are practical, the district school
leading up to the county high school
and the nigh school to the State Nor
NAL School and University. The new
system is not experimental. 1t is
Identical with that which other States
have found effective in the solution of
their problem of illiteracy. It's sue
cessful operation will relieve Kentucky
of its two greatest handicaps, illiteracy
and lawlessness.
1t is to explain the meaning of the
law and to create a new spirit in Ken
lucky for education, for law, for good
citizenship, that the present campaign
was planned. Its success means more
than men now living can estimate or
realize. 1t must not be allowed to fail.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Burnley Society Meeting.

The Burley Tobacco Society will hold
Its regular meeting at Winchester
Tuesday. Steps for the distribution of
the money for the tobacco sold recent
ly will be taken and the position of the
society toward the crop of 1909 will
probably be- defined. The Commercial
Clue of that city will give the officers
banquet in commemoration of the
great victory recently achieved.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Booze Denies Indiana Charges.

Judge Charles Booze in an interview
at Frankfort Sunday denies he was in
volved in the shortage of Treasurer
Miles. of Fountain county, Indiana. as
indicated in despatch from Covingtor
Ind, yesterday. He admits he was ar
rested on charges of irregularities ir
the Covington School Board, but il
atterward developed that the irregu-
larities were due to clerical errors.
He also admits that there were rumors
that he was to be indicted for having
connection with the Miles shortage,
but that he was never called TO answer
for that charge. Judge Booze said that
ne was "staight as string" until ne
became connected with the Auditors
Office at Frankfort.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
-
Do You Think
Fer Yourself :?

Or. do you open your mouth like young
bird AID gulp down whatever food or me-
zine MAY be offered your
a. vit\ II n - n
GNNe6NarAan intelligent thinking woman.
In need ofSellef from weakness, nervousness.
pain and suEeAing. then it means much to
you that there ore tried and true honest
MEDICINE 0E-KNQHHA CQ@POsITIQNs sold By
druggists for the cure otwoman's ills.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04

The makers Of DR.. Pierce's Favorite Pre-
scription. for the cure of weak. nervous run
down, over-worLed. debilitated. pain-racked
women. knowing this medicine to be made I'D
of ingredients. every one Of which has the
strongest possible Endorsement of the leading
and standard authorities of the several
schools of practice, are perfectly willing. and
In fact, are only too glad to print. as they do.
the formula, or list of ingredients, of which
it is composed. in plain English. on every
bottle-wrapDer.
~ N n ~ n
The formula Of DR.. Pierce's Favorite Pre-
scription will bear the most critical examina-
ton OF medical experts. for it contains no
alcohol. narcotics. harmful. or habit-forming
drugs, and no agent enters into it that is not
highly recommended; by the most advanced
and leading medical teachers and author
tiles OF their several schools of practice.
These authorities recommend the ingredients
OF Dr.. Pfefce's Favorite PRESCRIPTION for the
cur q Z exactly the same ailments for Which
tbs world-faT1ed medicine Is advised.
n III ~ n N
No other medicine for woman's ills has any
such professional endorsement as DR.. Pierces
Favorite Prescription has received. in the un-
qualified recommendation of each of its
several ingredients by scores ofleading medi-
cal men OF all the schools of practice Is
such an endorsement not worthy Of your
consideration?
4, II n n ~
A booklet OF ingredients. with numerous
authoritative professional endorsements by the
leading medical authorities OF this country.
will be mailed free to any one sending name
and address with request for same. Address
Dr.. r. Y. Pierce. Buffalo. N. Y.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Cutting the Duties.

1t is reported at Washington that the
Ways and Means Committee intends to
cut the duties heavily in drafting the
new tariff bill. Cannon, it is said, will
support the measure in order to pre-
vent his defeat for the Speakership.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Goes TO Every Port.

John D. Archibold in his testimony
at the Standard Oil Tearing in New
York yesterday said the Standard Oil
Company was shipping abroard the
greater portion of its illuminating
product and was sending oil to every
mart of the world
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Semi-Annual Examination.

Gov. Wilson has decided to have a
semi-annual examination of the States
books made and will probably recon-
mend to the Legislature that a control
Ter be employed to further safeguard
the States money.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Inheritance Tax Suits.

Nearly $500. 900 inheritance tax suits
were filed at Louisville few days ago
against various estates by State
Revenue Agent Arthur E. Hopkins.
The largest is against the Executor of
William E. Strater, for 500. 600, of
which the Agent claims SIS on each
500. making the tax alone SIS. 900.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Victory for Railroads.

The decision of the United States Su-
preme Court in the Virginia rate case
was handed down Tuesday while revers-
ing the decision of the Federal Circuit
Court of Appeals, is regarded as VIC
tory in their fight against the two-cent
fare law.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1908-12-04
Sells Farm.

= 3. +. Adcock, the real estate dealer,
sold Tuesday for H. Clay Stone, of
near Little Rock, this county, his farm
of IL acres to John Turley, of North
Middletown for Sc. $50.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-28
WILL RAISE THE PRICE
OF TAGS ON GUANO
If Pending Bill is Passed
By House.

Sumter's farmers, with others, may
pay trifle more for fertilizer next
year, if bill now pending in the
House is passed, increasing the price
of fertilizer tags from 10 cents to %
cents per ton. For while the manu-
facturer pays the bill in the begin
ming, there is little doubt as to which
pays it in the end.
Already, as stated, there is pend
ing in the House a bill which will
raise the price of fertilizer tags from
the present price of 10 cents ton
to % cents a ton, more than doubling
the proceeds.
Georgia and throughout the South
is cotton seed meal, which serves
in dual capacity of being a fertiili-
ger filler and in addition, when mixed
with cotton seed bulls, the best known
cattle feed. All OF the district schools
and the agricultural college urge the
use of it, both as a fertilizer and cat
tie feed
The quito ONE CT this bill will be
awaited with interest.
According to reports made to the
department the tag sale is falling off
considerably fro mwhat it was last
year, indicating a curtailment of
acreage in cotton and in consequence
diminution in the amount of money
10 be raised from the sale of the
tags.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-28
PREPARING A SANDBAG

President Roosevelt is collecting
from the various heads of departments
list of appointees. The collection
is being made for the purpose of re-
futing the charge made by the Presi-
dents political enemies that APP
pointments have been made with an
eye to increasing the strength OF
Taft's candidacy 1t is said that the
statement of the President on the
subject-if one is ssued,-will be
addressed to the people and not to
Congress, among whose members the
charge originated This means that
the President is willing to rest his
case with the people, rather than with
the politicians, and will be a cutting
"snub" for them.
In preparing the lists, the cabinet
officers are getting up the names Q.
the appointees, political Affiliations
and their endorsers. 1t is suggested
that the President may collect the
information and hold it in reserve un-
til some other politician gets gay
and then let him have it full in the
face.
1t is safe to predict that the Presi-
dent will absolutely refute the charge
of favOritism made against him, as
otherwise he would not dare to call
for the information. 1t looks like
Taft's opponents are getting desper-
ate and are starting all kinds of rum
ors to neutralize his popularity. The
latest one will likely prove boom
erang.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-28
CHEERING FOR FARMERS

In an interview with Hon T. G..
Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture,
he states that labor conditions on
the farms are better than for many
years, and that practically no COM
plants are on file, At this time of
the year it is usual for the depart
ment to have reports of trouble, in
securing help on the farms
This condition is accredited to the
prohibition law and to the slacken-
ing of the demand for labor at saw
mills. For the first of these reasons
there is nothing but thankfulness,
though the misfortunes of the saw
mill men are to be regretted.
In the towns where liquors were
sold formerly, the negroes have nc
place to congregate and loaf and
consequently there's no place to 60
except back to the farm. Once anchor
ed there, the farmers can command
their services with some freedom.
If the prohibition law wrought nc
other good than this one, it would
be worthy of a place on the statute
books.
With such vast Improvement in
the labor situation as is promised for
the coming season, the farmers should
be able to get a full Outturn and
at a more moderate expense. By
diversifying the crop, no more cotton
need be raised and the rest of the
products can be so distributed that
there will be no oyerproduction in
any line.
1t has been SO long since there
was enough labor for the farmers that
present conditions will be a kind OF
novelty. Should the price of cot
ton be northumberland this depends
on the demand for the staple solely
and better condition obtain in the
labor market, it is easy to see where
the farmer would come in His pro-
fits would be enhanced, while at the
| same time there would not be the
worry to get help.
For the judicious farmer who does
not put all his eggs in one basket
the coming season gives promise
of being most profitable one.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-28
Prosperity For All

1T must not be forgotten that the
Division of the Southern Cotton AS
sociation carries blaZoned on its ban
ner prosperity for all We would con-
struct, and not tear down, every bust
ness We seek to upbuild. We are
trying to upbuild yours. 1t is a
truism that all admit that a truly
prosperous agricultural class means
a countrys prosperity. We seek that
and that only. Our battle cry this year
shall be education along every line
for the adult farmer on whom we are
all Immediately dependent, and him
loyal o his calling.
1--WE shall insist taht he conduct his
farming on strictly business princi-
pies, as does the true banker, the
merchant, the insurance man, the fer
tiliZer company.
THAT he shall cut out unrenlmera-
tive acres, as the banker would UNI
safe paper, as the merchant would
an unsaleable article the fertilizer
man nonpaying brand.
THAT he shall make no unneces-