davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
THE sCARFPIN QUESTION.
Why Is 1t an Interrogation Mark -
Some Theories About 1t.

One thing that seems to be very
much question" he said, sis the Or.
igin of the scarfpin made in the form
OF an interrogation mark. have
been seeing them right along Tor
some years. but it never occurred to
me to ask how they came to be made
until recently | saw a chap wearing a
pin made i'll the form of paragra ph
mark. Then l wondered if there was
to be series of punctuation jewelry.
i asked a lot of people where
they thought the question mark pin
came from. Some of them said they
couldn't answer the question, and
some others thought there was a
trick in it somewhere.
Finally | met one man who really
had theory. He said he thought ii
came i'll when some of the newspa.
pers were printing question adj
dressed to politician: Where did
You get it?' He was sure the cues
ton jewelry became popular in that
way
Then | met man who suggested
another idea. | guess that his is
right. He recalled the Gibson draw.
ing OF the Eternal Feminine with the
hair made into question mark. He
said that started it. New York Sun
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Autos and NIacndam Roads.

New York State, which has perhaps
led other States in the actual con.
str Iction of improved highways
though New Jersey has done more in
proportion to it's size-is also lead.
ing other States in the discovery that
something must be done to arrest de.
terioration of the improved highways
by the very class that enjoys large
benefit from them. The automobiles
constitute this class.
The injury to macadam roads By
automobiles in New York is officially
stated to have increased in serious
ness of late by the increase in the
number of automobiles and in their
greater weight and speed. The injury
IS inflicted i'll two ways: First, by the
suction of the rubber tires on the road
material, and, second, by the use OF
anti-skidding devices like chains on
the tires, which tear up the surface
when it is at all damp. The suction
process seems hard TO avoid, though
it is claimed that it's effect is much re-
""SSN ~ iihiile.liOu VI Sp06u. IUe
chained tire is only necessary to per.
nit OF high speed on icy roads.
The New York State Engineer rec.
ommends legislation to limit speed
and to prohibit the use of devices
that cut up the road surface. 1t is
pointed out that protective measures
on this subject have been adopted by
the Massachusetts Metropolitan Park
Commission and that the New York
City Park Board last December ex.
cluded chained tires from all park
driveways.
1t would seem that such measures
are inevitable unlecs the costly high.
ways are to be subjected to disinte.
grafton. There is the possible al.
tentative of imposing wheel tax OH
automobiles that will yield enough
to resurface the roads as rapidly as
they are cut up. AS this would i'm
mensely increase the expense of auto
mobiling, sensible members OF that
interest would undoubtedly prefer
measures that will harmonic their
use OF the highways with the per-
manence of the latter. -Pittsburg
Dispatch.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Embroidery Scissors.

One of the difficulties encountered
by the lover of art needlework in
finishing up piece of lace insertion
is to cut away the cloth over which
the lace is sewed without injuring
the lace at the same time. Of course
it is impossible without inverting the
article to see the point of the scissors,
which is below the cloth. In this way
piece of the lace is easily cut away
in mistake. This can be avoided by
the use of the scissors shown here,
patented by a New Jersey man. The
upper blade is pointed, as usual. The
lower blade is longer and is provided
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Got His Papers.

A prosperous business man down
town tells with enjoyment of his
struggle to get naturalization papers
after his arrival in this city from Ire
land. He had studied up, on the sug-
sestion from relative who had pre-
ceded him in gaining citizenship, and
when the Judge asked him who would
succeed the President in the event of
the death of the chief executive he
promptly answered:
The Vice-President, SIR
Then the judge asked: I'm case of
the demise at the same time of both
President and vice-President, upon
whom would fall the duties of Office"
This was further than the appli.
cant had delved, and he shook his
head. Thinking his language had
not been understood. the judge impa-
tiently asked, Who would get the
job?"
With a broad grin the Irishman
promptly answered. WHO else but
the undertaken. sir?" Even the Judge
had to smile as he said CURLY. "Ap.
plication granted" - The Philadel.
phia Record.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Mistakes in Potato Culture.

In an address before the New York
Central Club, Professor F. E. Stew
art, OF the Geneva Experiment Sta
/ ton, pointed out some of the most
common mistakes in potato culture
in New York.
Too Large Acreage-Many make
the mistake of attempting to culti-
vate larger acreage than they can
attend to properly. Usually there is
greater profit from few acres we'll
cared for than from a larger acreage
neglected.
Lack of Underdrainage-Many of
our potato fields need underdrainage
badly Few farmers fully appreciate
the Importance of their underdrain-
age.
Lack of Plant Food-Potatoes like
other crops, need plant food. Stingi-
ness in the use of fertilizers is poor
business policy.
Lack of Humus - Potato soils
should be well supplied with humus
to increase their capacity for retain
ing water. Drouth is serious enemy
OF the potato crop Humus is best
supplied by blowing under clover. If
stable manure is used it should be
applied a year ahead of the potato
crop.
Small Potatoes For Seed-The use
Oh small potatoes, or seconds" for
seed is still regular practice with
many potato growers. This is surely
a mistake. Occasionally, when seed
potatoes are dear, it may be best to
plant seconds, but their continued
use results in reduced yields
Poor Seed-Seed potatoes should
be stored where they will keep firm
and unsprouted until planting time.
Shriyeled, sprouted tubers produce
weak plants.
Too Late Planting-Late potatoes
should be planted between Nav Is
and June /. If planted later than
June 1 they may not mature before
frost
Drills VS.. Hills-Unless the land is
very weedy or much lacking in fer
Unity better results are obtained by
in drills than in hills.
High Hilling-Many farmers still
practice the old fashioned English
method of high killing. In wet sea-
sons this may do no harm and on
wet land it may be beneficial, but in
Try seasons 1t shortens the life of the
plants. Many roots are DESTROYED
and the rain water drains off between
The rows instead of into the hills.
where it is most needed. The grow
srs who obtain large yields hill but
little IL at all.-Rural Life.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Keep Free From Dampuess.

Ihere is, perhaps, no one thing
that will have so bad a general effect
upon young chicks as dampness. Not
only will it tend to cause disease and
death among the weaker ones, but it
also is apt to stunt the stronger
chicks in their growth and aids in
the increase of lice and mites.
The position of the coops or brood
ers should be we'll considered. to
make sure that they are not in a wet
or damp spot. Ground with a slope
is the best, so that the water from
steady rains or heavy showers will be
readily carried off, 1t is also a good
plan to dig a small trench close to
each coop or brooder, thus allowing
the water to be carried off more read
lily In sudden heavy downpours.
Small platforms made the right
size to fit in the bottoms of the coops
protect the chicks from the damp
ground during wet spells of weather.
The platforms are easily made from
thin pieces of board nailed on two or
three crosspieces. These crosspieces
slightly raise the platform from the
ground and thus form an air space
which keeps the coops drier than 9TH
erwise would be the case. Sand
should be used on the platforms. and
care must be taken to keep them
clean.
These platforms, while being of
Seneht. Will not answer All purposes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Testing Grain For Smnt.

A correspondent at Alliamsville,
ILL.,, writes: Should seed oats
brought in from the North be treated
for smut; if so, how should it be
done?"
SHUTS are caused by the growth of
minute parasitic plants that live with
in the tissues of the grain. These
black masses of smut may be seen at
harvest time completely replacing
heads of oats or wheat, and the infec-
ton 70 the succeeding crop is caused
by these smutty seeds 1t will do no
harm to treat oats for smut, even if
they are not infected, and then We
will be practically certain that our
crop will be clean. The best chemical
to use is formaldehyde; it is the
cheapest and most easily applied. In
sist that it be at least forty per cent.
pure, or else your treatment may not
be effective. The solution should be
made in the proportion of one pound
of formaldehyde to forty-fve gallons
of water. That amount will be am
pie to treat seventy-five bushels Of
oats. The easiest method to apply
the solution is to spread out the oats
on the granary or barn floor and
spray the solution over them with a
common sprinkling can. Do the lob
OH rather warm day. Stir the seed
over several times, so that all is thor
oushly moistened. Cover it up with
bags or horse blankets for two or
three hours. Then remove the cover
ing and allow the seed to dry before
sowing l.. c. Brown, in the Tribune
Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

the desk of the city editor. These
were all Mr. Walsh's corporations, :.
f. about which nothing unfavora-
bic was ever to appear in the Chron-
icle.' Another reporter says bitterly:
Not one of us could hold a place a
minute after declining to write what
the sordid business policy of our
papers might dictate" And Mr.. Sal
isbury himself concludes:
And SO it was the advertiser.
spending his tens of millions annual
iy, who was my real head master all
the time. 1t is the big advertiser
tand there are more than one kind
of advertising) who is the golden
sceptered king of American journal
ism-the king who can do no wrong"
To dismiss these charges because
they come from yellow" reporter
who has turned States evidence is
impossible. Every one of experience
in Journalism, every newspaper man
who has felt the pressure OF the adj
vertiser, knows that the vast majority
OF papers in this country are not and
cannot be made Independent of the
counting room. They represent a
huge investment, on which dividends
must be paid; and the only sure way
to pay dividends is to truckle to both
subscriber and advertiser. Nor will
any other way be possible so long as
people prefer, and advertisers find
their chief profit in patronizing, the
press that is dirty and disreputable.
We shall be cursed with sensational
and venal journalism until advertisers
and subscribers unite in destroying it
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
What the Hired Man Saw.

Weeds, making the best of them
possible, are parasites, not only as to
the soil aud farm crops, but also in
the revenue of the farmer, as what
ever is stolen from his crop is taken
from his income.
A farmer who wears ragged and
dirty clothes. whiskers that invite the
birds to nest and is in his general
makeup about as attractive as
tramp, is curiosity these days.
The automobile is on the trail of
the scrub horse, but it will never be
able to catch the thoroughbred or
even the high grade animal.
An argument in favor of variety
of food is found in the fact that no
two animals will give exactly the
same results from the same rations.
Aside from the cost of the seed and
a little work. it's just as cheap to
raise clover as ragweed.
A New Jersey farmer, writing
about his trials with hired men, says
last spring he hired a man who
claimed to be a farmer and set him
to work hoeing tomatoes in the gar
den. Two hours later the farmer
went out to see how his hired man
was getting along. and discovered
that he had pulled up all the tomato
plants and nicely hilled up a lot OF
ragweed in an adjoining bed, No
wonder this man is in favor of for
eign labor.
The hog is no dude, but he can
make bank account hump if he is
given chance.
More boys are driven from the
farm by an utter lack of sympathy
and knowledge of human nature BY
the parents than by any other cause
/ Some men forget that they were once
boys, with all the desires and ambi
lions of youth.
There is a loss of available income
in raising any kind of stock which /:
devoid of good quality, but this is es
I pecially true of horses.-Home an(
Farm.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
A Land of Honey.

The method of obtaining the honey
in South Australia is interesting, and
even suggestive OF poetry and ro-
nance. A large number of bee keep
ers who have taken up the business
seriously travel their bees around to
wherever the best blossoms are to be
found, and the honey is gathered
from the flowers of the sugar gum.
and, therefore, in addition to the de-
iicious flavor, contain the valuable
properties of the eucalyptus. thought
enc would never imagine there was
any eucalyptus in it froE. the taste.
South Australian honey IS obtained
also from the red gum and the blue
gum. but the bee keeper is careful
not to pitch his camp or place his
hives anywhere near many stringy
barks or peppermint gums.--The
Practical Confectioner.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
plow Points.

The finer the soil, the better the
vegetables, both in quantity and quail.
ity.
Work the surface soil over, after
each rain, and thus retain all the
moisture.
Vegetables delight in having a
warm, deep and rich and mellow soil.
and will generously pay for the priy-
ilege.
Two crops can often be planted on
the same ground by planting early
and late varieties, removing the early
as soon as mature
1t is good plan to apply the fer
tilizer to the land a week or ten DAYS
before sowing the seed. In all cases
it must be thoroughly incorporated
with the soil; otherwise injury to
young plants may result.
At this season COWS that are about
to calve should have especial care
Should the COW be fat. remove all
grain from her ration and give hot
bran mash and dose of EPSON salts.
ginger and molasses day or two be-
fore she, calves and also the day after.
White Dutch clover is very desir-
able as pasturage for bees. The seed
may be sown any time in April. 1t
resists drouth much better than most
OF the grasses, and forms a close
green turf for the lawn, if kept cut
after it is well rooted.
Horses that are worked to the
limit of their ability should have all
their grain ground and fed on moist
ened cut hay.-Home and Farm.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

ally some little distance out in the
water so that time is consumed in
covering the stretch of territory be-
tween the two points. In order to
reduce this distance it has only re-
Gently occurred to some one to have
the life saving station anchored in
the sea where help will be at hand
when wanted.
Such station is shown herewith.
1t comprises float anchored in the
surf just outside the line of safe
bathing. In this location the opera
ton of launching the boat is rendered
much easier and therefore quicker.
The upper part Of the structure is de-
signed for sleeping apartments to ac-
commodate members of the crew.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
SE-afIaF army

however, for if the place where the
coops are situated is naturally damp
or wet trouble will follow.
Sod is the best place on which to
locate coops or brooders. Sandy soil
is also a good place if it has not re-
Gently been disturbed to any depth.
When the hens and chicks are out,
on bright, sunny days after rains, if
is good plan to turn the coops on
their sides or backs so as to let the
sun have full possession and thor
oughly dry out any dampness that
may be present-H. E. Haydock, Lo
Gust Valley, N. Y.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
9SGfS2 GsysSs SzS - z2SMs9
J. -. 49,
Health and Roads.

That there is an analogy in c,oar
illness and goodness is a fixed holt,
in the minds of many: that tbara
should be relation between oood
roads, health and morals may NOT he
obvious to those who view conditions
specifically, but that such relation
snip exists we have it on no less On
authority than DR.. Allerton s. Cnsb
man, assistant director of the ofica 90
public roads of the United States Nc
partment of Agriculture. In an adj
dress recently delivered the doctor
asserted that whenever he Travelled
over a good road he saw the childros
invariably well cared for, and whers
bad roads existed the children wero
usually neglected, unkempt and nm.
washed.
Assuming that the doctors obser-
vations are sustained by facts which
generally prevail, bad roads are a
menace to the future, for neglected
children do not develop into good elf.
liens, and poor citizens make had
community, which is detriment and
a hindrance to civilized progress. We
all know that bad roads are a draw.
back to the development of a section
and that about the first thing an IN.
to-date real estate company does
when it is about to open up a new
tract, is to make good roads in the vi.
cinity or repair the old ones if there
are any.
Good roads enhance the value of
property, and this is true whether it
be urban, suburban or rural. That
bad roads should have bearing upon
the appearance and habits of people
living adjacent to them is not so
strange, perhaps, when it is consid.
cred that they wage an eternal war
fare with the dust which is swept up
by every wind. There is a dreariness.
desolation which produce more or
less depressing effect on those who
dwell within their influence. This
dust is not only injurious to health
but to fruit and other products.
This was demonstrated to orange
growers of California few years ago.
"ASh ~ was lOuuu THAI the QuSL from
the roads covered the fruit and
caused a deterioration in value They
remedied the evil by removing the
cause by oiling the roads with petro.
leum, which. after the volatile Dor.
ton had eyaporated, left an asphal.
tum as binder. From this came the
practice of oiling the roads as a rem.
edy against dust, although the East
is not so well adapted for the pur.
pose, owing to the proportion of
greasy residue which does not ad.
here as the asphaltum does, and is
picked up and scattered by the pass.
ing traffic
There are no obtainablc statistics
OF sickness and death caused by the
dust from the roads, but if there were
the exhibit would doubtless be alarm.
ing. That it is dangerous to health
is admitted, and if, as the doctors say.
dust is dirt and dirt brings disease
and disease means death, the abate.
ment of this evil is matter of public
concern. and dusty roads should have
no place in our national economies
Architects and Builders Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

pan sixteen inches wide, twenty-six
inches long and tx inches deep and
cover with wire cloth having five
meshes TO the inch. A rough frame
covered with the same wire cloth is
set on this. The screen allows the
comb to rest with little or no holding
and the honey drips into the pan be-
low. A person can work it each side
if desired.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

with a guard in the form of projec-
ton, which is located beyond the line
of contact of the blades. The pro-
lection is not sharpened, but is round
ed on top, and extends beyond the
end of the other blade A piece of
cloth upon which the lace is sewed
on the under side is shown in the il
lustration. To cut away the cloth
the blunt end of the scissors is in
serted beneath the cloth, as shown by
the dotted lines. The cloth can be
cut away without danger of injuring
the lace, the projection not interior
ing with the cutting qualities of the
scissors.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Strengthens the Bones.

At the Utah Experiment Station, to
determine the effects of beet pulp on
the strength of bone, lot of three
wethers was fed ten pounds of pulp
per head per day, while a similar lot
received no pulp. The strength of
number of the more important bones
was determined with testing ma
chine, and in every case it was found
that there was a difference in favor
of the pulp ration.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
During Hot Days.

1t should be remembered during
the first hot days that half-hour's
work in the early morning will not
only accomplish wonders among the
flowers, but will also be the very best
sort of spring tonic. and it is certain
~ wiser than attempting to do the
ark in the midday heat
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

A dilapidated picture purchased at
Reggie Emilio for fourpence, and
sold again fer five francs, turns out
to be genuine Van Dyck, Cor which
the present owner has refused 10000
francs.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

saeking, nail to three sides of stool
and stuff with excelsior or something
similar. In Wisconsin, where we
milk three hours day. writes the
correspondent of the Missouri Valley
Farmer, We find the need of cushions.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
A Comfortable Milk Stool.

Make box of inch boards 12x16
inches and four inches deep. Make
legs three inches wide. nine inches
long. Then take a piece OF grain
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Windfall For Austrian Exchequer.

Through the death of Baron Nath.
aniel Rothschild the Austrian ex-
chequer will receive the nice round
sum of 2o.000.00O crowns, or $685.
600, being duties and taxes at the
rate of nine per cent. on the total
value of the estate, which is about
ten and a half millions sterling.-
Vienna Correspondence Pail Mall Ga
Zette.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

1t is reported from Sac Paulo, that
the Mogyana Railway Company has
recently constructed in its shops the
first locomotive which has been bzilt
in Brazil.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

Miss Minnie A. Tyler was re-elect-
ed town clerk Of South Londonderry,
VT, for the thirteenth successive
term. Her predecessors we're her
father and her grandfather.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

America in 1906 supplied the
South Manchuria railway with 50,-
$50 tons OF steel of rails, 7422 tons
of bridge materials. EOS locomotives,
2040 freight cars, seventy-two pas
senger cars und I23 cabooses.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Watch in Cake of Ice.

A watch, frozen into a cake of ice
tor twelve hours, during which time
It recorded accurately the fleeting
seconds and minutes, is one of the
latest wrinkles in jewelry advertising
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12
Device For Uncapping Honey.

l have a plan of making a device
for uncapping honey which l think
will interest others, writes corre-
spondent of Prairie Farmer. I take a
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

A man who continues to come to
see a girl who has small brothers
means business.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-06-12

Out of 77,500,O0O acres OF land in
the United Kingdom, only $4,000, 900
are. Under permanent pasture.
The Roswell daily record. [volume] (Roswell, N.M.) 1903-current, 1908-12-22

Candy, Candy, Candy. hundreds of
lbs. at Lunss Candy Kitchen, north
ounte Payton Drug Store, fresh and
pure. Made right here in Roswell. We
want your Xmas trade. Prices are
right, from 15c. a lb. up. 51H
The Roswell daily record. [volume] (Roswell, N.M.) 1903-current, 1908-12-22

If o know of any family that is
not able to have a nice roast for
Christmas, let us know and we will
send it free Of charge.-Independent
Meat Co. Phone "a. 51t3
The Roswell daily record. [volume] (Roswell, N.M.) 1903-current, 1908-12-22

A splendid line Of Manicure, Trav-
cling and Toilet Sets. Everything the
best quality and the price is right. At
Payton's. 49tf
The Roswell daily record. [volume] (Roswell, N.M.) 1903-current, 1908-12-22

MT. ana Mrs. A. Il Schneider. Of
Artesia, arrived this morning to spend
several days with Mr.. and Mrs. Jim
Lynch.