The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1908-11-16
n MALARcE JIE.AM 0WZER AREDcE MKY

is estimated at upward Of 6O00O but as many Of them
employed rar of the in other fisheries farming,
etc. definite statistics not available. Baltimore is The
most extensive market and New York has considerable
export trade with Europe.
The native oyster Of the Pacific small thin
sheed species. In 1901 f59340 bushels valued $751;.
1872 were marketed principally on the Pacific coast
The European oyster is found from Italy to Norway.
It a round thin-sheled species, shapey than the
American species. and hermaphrodtc first female and
afterwards male 1t is less prolific than its American rea
tive the young undergo considerable development in
the mantle chamber Of the mother II hrives in water
of full almost full, organic density
The oysters Of Jaran in shallow and moderately
bracksh moderately salt water throughout the whole
archIpeago and very large salt water species is found
in deep water Many other species of Osrea found
In temperate and tropical throughout the world.
The oyster family appears to have had its origin
in some imperfectly known forms The family is found
also in the Permian In the Triassc 1t is represented
by strongly picated form, AlectIyonia, which form
becomes prominent in the Jurassc and Cretaceous
There also the common arcuae shells Of Gryphae
and Exogyra IN the Jurassic and Cretaceous Ostrea
itself is known in the Mesozoc but 1t attained its maxi
of size and abundance in the Tertiary. The sandy
marls Of this period in the southwestern United States
often contain great numbers Of very large specimens
of oysters Owing the exhaustion of the natural beds
and their inability supply the demand for oysters, It
has been found necessary to resort to artificial methods
of production eecting "a increase In the number Of
fertized 2) increase in the surfaces available
for fxaton and also Of the number of spat attaching
60 the saving Of spat and young oysters which would
naturally fall victims TO enemies and adverse physical
conditions: and (4 the utilization Of barren bottoms
and naturally unavailable food supplies. But q small
part of the under suitable for oysters has
been utilized by nature mainly for OF suitable bodies
for the attachment of the young. the United States
such barren bottom is utilized by clearing Of all rub
bsh and either planting euch to collect the spa or
else young oysters (seed1, that they MAY improve In
size, shape and quality under conditions safer and
favorable than in their original environment In
certain places either method may succeed but commonly
q locality is better adapted to one than the other.
The most suitable bottom for oyster culture consists OF
firm mud or Of firm substratum with thin surface OF
soft mud but stable sandy bottom Is usually deficient
In food loose sand drifts and the oysters and
very soft mud ngulfs and stiles them or produces in
feror eongate stock. Mud naturally too soft may be
utilized by distributing 1t Shells sand or other ma
teral, which, resting the surface furnishes
firm foundation upon which the growing oyster may
repose in security For sratcollecting is frequently
advantageous to hard mud gravel rocky bottom
In shoal water i'll adapted to adult oysters from de-
hciency Of food The bottom being properly prepared
and its boundaries marked with stakes huoys either
system may be adopted accord with circumstances
Generally seedpanng is certain IN It's results ana
yields quicker returns 70 the seedoystefs vary
from bisers" onehalf inch IN diameter to individuals
almost ready for market but ordinarily they arc between
one and three inches long They obtained from plant
making speciality of seed production r0m natural
beds their cost varying from 81 per hnshsI
the larger fned stock separate we'll shaped and lee
from rubbish bringing higher prices ang giving the Nest
results.