davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
nrnsAn OF THE "GREAT FINE"

op THE "GREAT FINE"
uu Aao,Oton or the United States CIRCUIT
Court of Appeals disposes finally Oh ths
6neu unless as seems unlikely, IL Is IN ''
reversed by the United States supreme IL
Judee lands computed the anouh'
astonishing penalty by what the cou. -,
nounces an arbitrary method OF esIlhia uns ~
nuuhar of offences-to wit, the leeA's
nach carload as separate oHence' hu .-r.,a,+
how many carloads there were III .,a..or,+s
ond mo matter how infrequenty settlements
- - -1oo5a of which the rate concessions were
~,o+aa Rv proper method OF rem
oning the court holds that no such nunipeh "
ssoas could be arrived at as Juogo LonNi'
IT,, ogain Judge Landis laid his great hhe
-i4bort resDect to the resources ol 'n
fendant What has been called t-,'
oeeac+,, was produced by making the pulliSn
mont fit not the crime. nor the oeienuhnt .
1,o. b,,t "fhe real criminals. OF inoee W.
an infamed popular Imagination was nhets
rarard as the real criminals. upon lhis lhV1
of the Judge the higher court hiaAeS 'Di'
comment
re-, = court without abuse OF tudlcial oIsG,u a..
CdI -, q " o,t all the property Of the detenaa.il
tesora the court and all the assets 10 MliIC ,sb G
Sitors look In an effort to reach anu Putir3, P41
q Marty that is not before the cou9 CO, an
d Pi' that is not indicted? tah "a an
: i,+5ga without abuse of judicial dls-
nsS - conSeTon anv one who has not hao ms ms
a.. IN court? That, to our m1nd, Is sIiaiise
sooo+-t,a in Anglo-SaXon Jurisprudence q.
can that rightfully be done mere on ~ ~ t' +be
basis than the judges personal benet llat ulc
49,, ,-,arl.ed bv him for punishment deserves
Inunishment? If so. 1t is because the Illah wa"
bbonnene TO he the Judge is above the law
Tho court,s rulings that the number OF OF
fo,ces WAS arbitrarily multiplied ana thaI 'he
iudoe cannot fit his penalty TO the suppoSeu
-oeonrces of remote persons not before MIN as
defendants preclude the possibility Oh any
similar sensational fine in case fe'riai resui'' ~
in a verdict Of guilty.
rr,,o. S,,ot retrial will result seems
,zo,,b+fuI The first verdict was obtained, &C
cor5ino 70 the present ruling, by withhololng
from fbe iurv material evidence In favor OF lhe
ae4anca IF that evidence had been aumltleu
+bero &c do,lbt In the courts m1no whether d
! rer7ic+ of guilty could have been reached.
! Il is q fact TO be regarded with sausIacuoh
! that this decision is by unanimous pehch' II
is written. moreover, by Judge Grosscup' VIM
> hos given much consideration TO corporation
! ob,ses and who holds advanced views concern
/ inc tho measures which are necessary 10 theil
! correction. No outcry can be raised agalhs'
! him for entertaining opinions TOO frlenoly 10
tho cornorations No such outcry shouiu pe
-oiSod ANYWAY for the court bases lts ooJec-
! ,.on, TO the "great fine" upon GROUNDS ol 50
| cin,nla and untechnical character ana SO huch
| in accord with common sense that there Is
! bor5,r anv room for a difference Of opinion
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
About People and Socfdf lncrdenfs

Ralph W. Thomas. OF New YORK. Is rex,,.,...
at the Margaret
C. f. Dunlap. Thomas sIiddeiI. Ralph ". Tso--
and Charles r. Hoffman registered at the 60
to-day.
Miss Barbara Whitney daughter Of Mr. and W..
Harry Payne whitney. who has been IN ar ,ss
summer home OF her parents. IS now recovs-,..
fast and will be well within short time
Mrs. Emma c. COrtazzO is expected 70 make NJ.
port a visit IN October. returning 70 her cot.,.-
at that time for a stay Of several weeks
Mr.. and Mrs. III. o. Havemeyer arrived at .s...
cottage to-day.
Mrs. George W. CniIds. of Philadelphia. and a.,
Gracina, OF the italian Embassy. at washinr,o.
are registered at the Robinson.
Mrs. Hugh K. Norman has left Newport 70 ts.
Mrs. George Fl. Norman IN Rome.
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Redmond viii spend -.
month OF August at their Newport home
Mrs Potter Palmer and Mrs. Charles A. chr,,
and Paulding Fosdick viii be late visitors IN New
port this summer
Mrs Howard Cushing Is entertaining her moth..
Mrs Alexander Cochrane. OF Boston
Mrs James p. Kernochan. Mrs. Georss g sco,,
and Mrs Frederick c. Van Horne were dinner an
tertainers this evening
I.ucien Harty. Of Paris and d. Emory Holman
were here to-day. They are on automobile tour
from Narragansett Pier to Quebec
Hugh ID. AuchinclOss returned this evening
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
SOCIAL NOTES FROM NEWPORT.
IRv TeI.graph ,o me Tribun.. ]

IBy Telegraph 20 The Tribune
Newport r. l.. July 22-Though President Roo5e-
veIt was In Newport to-day his presence did not
make much difference to the members Of the New
port summer colony, the Chief Executive OF the
country did leave the naval training station
until It was time for him TO depart for his yacht
the Mayfower. Nevertheless. the members of the
army and navy social had chance 10 gee the
President while at luncheon with Rear Admiral
John P. MerrelL
Mrs. Roosevelt entertained. while the PTe5i-
dent was busy, by Mrs. MerreII. and Mrs. New
berry wife the Assistant Secretary of the Navy.
was also in the official social party. Mrs. Willard.
wife OF Colonel j. H. willard during the reception
invited Mrs. Roosevelt and Mrs. Newberry 10 stay
over In Newport for the st. Mary's lawn fete to-
morrow but they declined the invitation
It was rather a quiet day socially in Newport
to-day about the only entertainment Of note being
the dinner party given by Peter F. Collier at his
cottage In Wickhem Road
Tomorrow is expected to be much liveiier day
owing to the fair for st. Mary's Orphanage- Socf-
ety is planning attend the fair IN force and IN
consequences there will be several luncheon parties
preceding the oper ng Of the fair.
Thomas Slidde'l. - New York. IS at the Berkeley
for the renaindS- Of the week.
Mrs Henry Parsons is to pay a visit TO her
parents Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ciews, at The Rocks
Mrs Parsons will come TO Newport from Lenox-
Mr. and Mrs Edward ]. Berwtnd are entertain
ing c. F. Dunlap of New York. at The Elrns FOR
a few days.
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
complete operation 1t will be received WIN SUP
stantially unanimous favor.
THE VIEW WORLD POWER.

Unless all signs fail. new world power Win
before long graveIy complicate internatohai
politics and mayhap the workings Oh oipio-
macy. We read that the Esperanto nag mas
been raised on the college green at Chautau uqua'
where the national congress OF Esperanusts Is
now in session This must be the first throe
in the birth of Esperanto nation Anu
why not? The enthusiastic champions Oh
world language are expending energy enough
to run a good-sized government. Aireauy lheli
official reports, literature, convention proceed
ings ETC. have a volumnosity when must
excite the envy Of many parliament. Ihen'
TOO among the Esperantists there are Liberals,
Conservatives Know-Nothings-in short a
highly developed party system with a thou-
sand orators whose tongues are tugglns III
their throats In their eagerness to talk ABOUT
1.-The Grand Old Flag" "our manifest oestiny' >
'.the Esperanto mans burden, and the Ike
Plainly. human nature must come to Its own.
Just as surely as a King of the sahara ana
q Mayor Of Second Avenue exist, just so surely
are United States of Esperanto an Esperanto
army, an Esperanto navy and an Esperah.o
foreign policy things which the future has In
store When they will come out Of storage,
we cannot forecast But the sooner the mer-
rier.
If ms we here suppose, the Esperantists are
Undertaking the creation of world power,
"
they prove themselves shrewder than the Sim
pIified Spoilers 1t is not merely because that
enthusiasm is most tenacious which mas iocai
habitation and name; the Carnegie iahsuas
surgeons have downtown offices. Ihe UNIQUE
virtue Of nationalzing Esperanto resides in the
linguistic compulslon under which it lays every
king. statesman and foreign correspondent
Given the possibility Of an attack by esperanto
battleshps on the Swiss navy Admlral Yep
,p1o
will study Esperanto with the hope OF assist
ing at the peace negotiations. An Esperanto
army. reinforced by Black Hand and might
riders" would greatly further its cause even
If yanqushed on the field; the police would
surely have to take g night school course In
the patent language Truly, the shadow OF the
Esperanto flag falls darkly across the hopes
of Sifnplifed Spelling. While the latter is still
sending out circulars TO college professors. the
Esperanto Empire will have extended its
boundaries on the north to Bedlam and on
the south to Wonderland.
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
Nrw.voRK DAILY TRIBUNE THURSDAY JULY %. 1908

means which they employed were mucn simpler
and less expensive than those adopteu ps
Dewar when he startled the world by freezing
microscopic quantities of air a dozen or more
wears ago. They merely made a new use OF the
old plan of refrigeration with ammonia They
compressed their gaseous compound, abstracteo
the heat resulting from compression, ana tnen
utilized the cold which results from expansion
In an ammonia plant the resulting chill is I'M
parted to brine, and the brine is pumped through
pines which. extend to q cold storage room-
Linde and Tripler made the expansion OF part
of their compressed air liquefy the rest
If the method here described was not aito-
gether original, the adoption of 1T by Lhnde ana
Tripler gave it q great advertisement With
out carrying the operation far enough TO pro-
duce a LIQUID. the cold of expanding air Is now
employed in skating Kinks, the manufacture Oh
Ice In other places and In imparhng coihiol
table temperature to large auditoriums.
greater extension Of the art Of Refrigeration Is
TO be desired no doubt, but distinct progress Is
dscernIble some Of 1t being the consequence Vi
such seemingly useless projects as the Nquerac-
tion Of gases.
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
SoJ7TH AFRICAN Union.

The intercooniaI convention which is soon 10
be held at Durham to formulate plan and draIt
a constitution for national union of the four
autonomous British colonies In South Africa
will be invested with exceptional interest. lis
members have been chosen not, as is customary
in such cases, by special popular election. but
by appointment by the existing governments Of
the colonies. To this method objection might
be made that it would not necessarily provide
for minority representation, but might result in
the sending of purely partisan delegations That
reproach cannot be directed against this con-
vention however. for the governments seem TO
have taken care in making the appointments
that It shall be fairly representative OF all par
ties
Partisanship In the common meaning or the
term however does not seem likely TO be con-
spcuous In the convention. The division VIII
not be on racial or partisan lines. but over the
constitutional question of federation or unif1ca-
ton The former is the system which was
adopted In the Dominion of Canada and In the
Commonwealth Of Australia. 1t would mean
that each OF the colonies should retain its own
geographical and political integrity, with Its
own legislature and laws as at present with
plenary power in purely local matters, While
in addition, there should be over all a federal
parliament and executive empowered to deal
with only certain specified matters, such as the
tariff and national defence. Unifcation, on the
other hand would mean that all the present
boundaries and governments would disappear,
and the whole country, merged in single state,
would be under q single central government.
There are arguments in favor of each plan,
and men Of both races and both parties are sup
porting each. The examples of Canada and
Australia are cited as desirable for South Africa
to follow, but in reply it is pointed out that
federation in Australia is not altogether salts
factory, embarrassing antagonism having arisen
between the federal and the state governments.
In favor of uni1cation it is urged by both
Britons and Boers that it would remove re-
mnders of past conflicts and thus greatly facill-
tate the harmonious blending of both races.
The people of the four colonies, 1t is remarked,
are substantially Of the same stocks, and they
are sufficiently alike in their needs and habits
to make q uniform government possible without
danger of injustice to any part OF the whole
country. Such unification would be a novel ex-
pertinent in nation building, but 1t seems not
improbable that II will be made with the cordial
and confident assent of both Boer and Briton.
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
METHODS OF Producing COLD.

rumor has recently been current that the
gas helium, which is apparently more volatile
than hydrogen, was reduced to a liquid In a
Leyden laboratory not long ago. The statement
was indirectly discredted by Sir James Dewar,
In lecture delivered last month in London.
He referred TO the difficulties surrounding the
task. remarking that the feat had not yet been
performed. 1t is probable that the Leyden story
had reached his ears before he spoke, and Sir
James is high authority in such matters.
Hence the announcement might be regarded as
premature or erroneous had not the Leyden
chemist DIR. Ohnes, reiterated the claim in q
dispatch to his distinguished professional
brother in London. Under the circumstances
the report may deserve TO be accepted although
IT is not known that Sir James has expressed
any opinion as to its credibility.
Inasmuch as no apparent benefit of a prac-
teal nature could be derived from the lquefac-
ton OF helium, IT might be doubted whether an
undertaking involving enormous expense and
beset with technical embarrassments were worth
while For half century or more chemists and
physicists have been trying to get as near as
possible to absolute zero" With liquid hydro
gen Sir James has succeeded IN reaching a point
Is degrees Centigrade above that level-a rec
ord which had not previously been surpassed by
any well authenticated achievement. Perhaps
II has been now, and details of DR.. OhneS's eX-
periments will be awaited with curiosity. Some
thing more is involved in such attempts than
purely philosophical results. 1t would be inter
estng no doubt, to discover whether or not the
limit To cold is where scientific men think 1t is
273 degrees below the purely arbitrary zero of
the Centigrade system and 459 below Fahren-
helt's zero. But in the Improvement of meth
DDS of securing low temperatures there ought
to be material advantages.
The amount Of good which has followed the
lique action of air is tantalizlngly small. Few
of the homes entertained concerning the per
formance have been realized. Almost the
only useful application OF Linde's and Trip
ler's wonderful product Is in the manufacture
Of oxygen for medical purposes. Inasmuch
as the boiling points of oxygen and nitrogen
are different, they can be separated IL the
temperature of evaporation is carefully con
trolled and the oxygen thus obtained Is
purer than any derived from other sources
Nevertheless, fruit of another kind has been
borne by L1nds's and Trlplers work. The
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
IN THE sERkSHIREs.
tBy Telegraph TO The Tribune. ]

lBy Telegraph 70 The Tribune j
Ianox Mass July 22--At adjourned session
OF the annual meeting OF the Lenox Library to-
day announcement was made OF the endowment OF
the library by F. Augustus Schermerhorn and Nh,
Ellen 8 Aucnmuty- Mr. SchermerhOrn has been a
member Of the board of managers for many years
The buiIdfng which contains the public library was
built IN 1872 for courthouse for Berkshlre County.
and was bought by the SchermerhOrn family and
nresenfed 70 the town for public uses when tina
rour,e wAra removed 10 rP1ttsneld. Although 40
nrbic announcement is made Of the amount os Ii,
endowment. 1t is sufficiently large allow library
expansion work.
The officers elected were. President John n
Parsons; secretary. the Rev Harold Arrowsuitn;
treasurer, Dr. Richard C. Greenleaf: board Of man
ayers the officers. and GTenvfile L. Winthrop. DAVID
I,vdlg. Thomas Post and Giraud Foster. Messs
TvdIg. POST and Foster are members OF the
board The associate members Of the library
e;ected we're Mrs Frank X. sturgis. Miss Mary
Parsons. Miss Helen Parish, Mrs J. woodward
Haven. Mrs. Edward L. Wharton. Miss Anna B.
Shaw and Mrs. David Lydig.
The Berkshire Hunt viii hold its annual ball al
Assembly Hall on Friday evening. September Il
Tdii was arranged to-day. The annual dinner win
be held IN The Curtis Hotel
MI and Mrs william Walton Rutherfurd vii
start tomorrow for Bar Harbor.
Joseph H Choate has departed for Quebec to at
tend the celebration there. He will be Of ths
speakers at banquet
Mr. and Mrs. David Lydig are spending week In
New York
Mrs. J. Frederic sehenek arrived tonight at Val
ley Head from Boston
Mr. and Mrs. william Walton Rutherfurd enter
tained at dinner this evening.
Miss Shotter was hostess at dinner tonight az
Shadow Brook. The guests included Mrs Edmund
Nash, Mrs. StUyvesant Wainwright. Miss Gwendo-
lin Nash. Miss Eleanor Nash. Osnan Ames and
Stuyvesant Wainwright. tr.
Mrs. Henry Livingston Lee was hostess at tea
this afternoon at the Curtis villa
Mrs Robert W. Paterson gave a luncheon ent.rs
tainment to-day at Blantyre.
Mr.. and Mrs. AdOIph Obrfg entertained az
luncheon to-day at the Hotel AspinwaI for tho
Rev DR.. and Mrs j. Ross Stevenson.
DR.. and Mrs D. Newton and Miss I5uIu Newton
who have been at the Hotel AspinwaI for several
weeks. departed to-day for the White Mountains
Arriving tonight at the Hotel AspinwaH w.r,
Mr.. and Mrs. E1bridge Gerry Snow, Of New York.
Mr. and Mrs. George Fl. Swift Clark H. suirt.
Mrs Ernest Everest, Mr.. and Mrs Frederic q
Aldrich and the Misses Annetta and Helen AIirJeh.
of Chicago
Miss Gladys Teft won the wyantenuck zor,
tournament at Great Darlington
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
sorTBFPy "TTGHTWADs."

We have searched with patient attention
the columns of our esteemed contemporary
"The Charleston News and Courier for evil
dence of a response to its eloquent and moving
appeals for contributions 10 its Bryan cam
paign fund. but in vain. We have reread
them but in vainer. We are puzzled. What
are the hearts of the South Carolina Demo
Gratis made of that they can resist the touching
touches of our contemporary? Mr.. Bryan
ii saws. will correctly and accurately measure
athe enthusiasm for Bryan in South Carolina
..if one hundred thousand dollars-the sum
..should be double that's not promptly for
.'warded 10 the committee" Still there is no
response. Is the state to be shamed? Can 1t
be that its people do not care what Mr..
BRYAN thinks about their enthusiasm: Are
they willing 10 let their slowness in 'loOsening
M be misconstrued? The man who does not
wish Mr. Bryan elected says "The News and
Courier" cannot be expected 10 subscribe, but
lin South Carolina there are very few of that
base sort: so much was proved by the state
convention" 1t is fortunate that this WAS
nrovad. for otherwise the failure to respond to
fbe Charleston papers heroic efforts would be
taken for a sign Of grave Indifference. 1t de-
clares that any one who viii give 10 cents to
the cause is worth counting in the host of Mr.
Rrvan-s most loving friends" Admission is
cheap Who is coming forward with his 10
cents TO prove his undylng deToton: No eH-
,.pse is accented when q man says that he
4wiIl not contribute because he is unwilling to
contribute so small q as ten thousand
..dollars we Immediately set that man down as
"a mean hypocrite and liar, who is cropping
.,aro,,nd 10 find an excuse for not contributing
'at ALL
Our contemporary is having 10 better luck
with its efforts TO interest South CarOllnians III
i.s ,,ampaign contributions than in its rattle
az q North Carolina hen and gander- The lat
ter is a high bred and gentlemanly gander'
that comes OF one Of the old anserous faml-
.1ies of the Tarheel State" and the hen is "a
worthy and honest pursuer of the early worm
scratching all things except the straight Dem
.-ocratic ticket" From the gander enough
goose grease could be extracted for begin
ming of a competitor 10 the Standard Oh
Trust" The hen is ornamental" though 1T is
mot believed she would lay TO excess under
any circumstances" ) moderate hen. and in
days when moderation Is 50 uncommon, How
can the people of South Carolina Keep their
money il tbeir pockets Eisen they have this
opportunity 10 take chance upon the g2ndeT
and tie hen and upon Bryan and Kern:
We begin 10 think the South is a land of
s.fightwads" Here is The Baltimore SUI. -
which is jealous Of The News and Courier
tecause Of its prominence as Bryan sup
porter, suggesting thar Mr.. Bryan finance his
campaign out Of the earnings of The Com
n,oner." These were placed at from $4,000 tc
$4,000 a week before rne Denver nomination
New-York tribune., 1908-07-23
NEW YORK SOCIETY.

ao,,.tv a, SOUTHAMPTON Long Island. Is inter
estea I'm q lawn fete to be held on the GROUNDS oi
Mrs Peter b. Wyckofrs summer nome 'ners -
August /. for the benefit Of the Southampton -
Air Home for Crippled Children and the 'Ha =, -
movement Society Many useful articles WIZ 'o
IN sale at the different booths, and an ATTRACTIVE
feature of the afternoon wills be Dahce "
Flowers" by the younger girls OF the suliine' 90
ony under the management OF MIS- HehiS VI
Trevor Mrs Goodhue Livingston, Mrs Eo"aru
Van Ipgen and Mrs. George g. De VIII arc aiiio"e
others who win take an active part In the affair
NJ and Mrs T. Shaw Safe, who have been
spending the early part of the summer at their
place at East Greenwich Conn, go to-day 10 Ne"-
port for the remainder Of the season
Mrs Frederick Pearson and Miss Josephine Pear
son have arrived from Europe
Mr. and Mrs. W. Willis Reese have left town
by motor for the Breton Woods. Mrs. Reese was
Miss Augusta Bliss.
Mr. and Mrs Arthur Delano Weekes. OF West
61st street have gone to Quebec for a short stay
Invitations have been issued for the wedding OF
william r. Grace. son of the late William K
Grace Mayor Of New York. to Miss Janet Mac
donald daughter of Mr. and Mrs Charles Blair
Macdonald at the latters country place at west
bury Long Island. on Saturday week
Mrs Cary T. Hutchinson Is booked to sail ror
New York on September is, and on her arrival
here viii GO at once stay with her parents. MI.
and Mrs Henry F. Dimock. at their country place
in South Coventry Conn.
Walter G. I4add has gone TO Bar Harbor on board
the steam yacht Rambler. which he has chartered
for the season
Mrs John r. Drexel has left London, where she
has spent the season. and is motoring through
Switzerland. being iust at presen. at Geneva,
whence she will proceed TO Lausanne, at the other
end of the lake
Mr and Mrs. Reginald G. Vanderbilt will enter
tain a large party OF guests at the Takanasse
Hotel at Long Branch. for the horse show there
next week.
Mrs Herbert Parsons leaves Lenox on Satur-
day TO stay with her parents Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
C1ews. at Newport.