davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05
Il WANT YOU
TO BE SENATOR"
Was Pres. Rcosevelt's Greeting
to Governor Cham
berlin.

WASHINGTON. Dec. s-T am
glad TO meet you Governor Chambers
lin. and senator 70 be. ! wo4d have
preferred TO have seen q republican
elected from the state Of Oregon.
but am In favor Of the people rui.
Ing. and ! want you to be senator.
That was the cordial greeting given
Governor chamberlln Of Oregon, TO-
day by President Roosevelt. when the
governor. and senatoF-elect. together
with J. ". Teal, or Portland. and
Miss Carrie Chamberlin. 1t the exec
utiye once OF the president to keep
an appointment entered into with
him. 10 greeting Miss Chamberiln.
the president SAID u am delighted
to meet YOU. Your father has HIT
me q few hard llcks from tln.e n
time, but then he h . mighty good
fellow" The room was crowded az
the time, and among other persons
OF prominence In the nation present
were: Senators Lodge. Carter. War
rem and Cumminn. The president
spoke in loud tone OF voice evident
~ intending and desiring that every
one within reach OF his voice should
hear him, and II Is regarded by al
who heard him that Il settles al
doubts a. to the presidents attitude
with relation 70 the senatorial ques-
tion In Oregon. Governor Chamber
lin had an extended conference with
the president. and the whole Oregon
situation was laid before him.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05
THE CHURCHES


First Presbyterian church-Bible
school 10 a. m. Preaching II a. m,
Reception OF new members after ser.
vice. Young Peoples Society ESQ
p. M. Evening Service at 1880. Pas.
tor and congregation welcome you.
Rev. Edward ], Station. Minister.
Methodist church--owing to the
absence of Rev. w. H. Fry, the pull
pit will be filled by Rev. Andrew
Warren. OF st. Maries. The usual
morning and evening service viii be
held.
Christian Science - Services at
room No. 1O.Wiggett block. at IL a.
a, on Sundays, and at 1890 p. m. on
Wednesdays. Subject; God the on
ly Cause and Creator" The public
is cordially invited.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05
RECEPTION OF TEACHERS

Hotel Idaho Scene Of Feast OF Reason
and BANQUET.
A reception was rendered the new
members 81 the public school faculty
last evening by the old members at
the hotel Idaho. The evening was
pleasantly spent at cards and refresh
ments we're served. A number OF
short addresses were made on the
condition of the schools. and school
work in general. About 40 were in
attendance. The schools are said to
be in flourishing condition, and the
best of harmony is prevailing among
those in charge of the various de-
partments.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05
COURT SCANDAL
IS SPREADING
M. j. Gordon Attempted to Com
init Suicide.

SEATTLE. Wash. Dec. 5-Fear
Is expressed here that N. J. Gordon
may make another attempt to take
his life when he learns that all notes
Of his original correspondence were
Transcribed for the committee from
the Great Northern oflcea in spo-
kane. Gordon made one effort at
suicide by asphyxiation At the Butler
hotel here some three weeks ago
when confronted with the fact that
memoranda proving his duplicity had
fallen into the hands OF the Great
Northern oficials and members OF
the supreme court. Every effort was
made then TO prevent particulars OF
his attempt on his life becoming pub
lie. Gordon. while Spokane attorney
for the Great Northern. wrote de-
cision favorable TO that company, sent
II to the general OfIices OF the Great
Northern in st. Paul for approval,
and then transmitted It TO Judge
Root. who had II adopted BY the SUI
preme court.
Gordon and Root Testimony.
The testimony OF Attorney NJ. j..
Gordon and Judge Milo A. Root and
other members Of the supreme court
is now wanted by the state bar asso-
citation committee for the light their
testimony will shed on the meaning
of letters. kilograms and documents
which passed between Root and Cor
don and bearing on tho Root case
and collected by the committee while
in Spokane this week. All these Wit
nesses probably wih be summoned
and examined when the committee re-
conyenes, which will probably be
early next week. An effort will also
be made by the committee to secure
q statement from Tony Richardson
at Soap Lake regarding the sensa-
tional allegation that e. b. Palmer,
of Seattle. Judge Roots law partner.
offered TO secure for him, for a cash
consideration, a favorable decision
from the supreme court, OF which
Judge Root was then a member, In a
suit to which Richardson was one OF
the parties.
II developed here today that Pal
mer has been In Soap Lake since the
Root investigation started and spent
a day with Tony Richardson with
whom he enjoys close personal rela-
tons. This circumstance ~ accepted
as accounting for the -einsal II Rich
ardson to talk about palmer's alleg-
ed offer to exert personal influence.
on the supreme court x nicha tdpon
would give him $4,000.
Taint In Other Decl4I tR.
Dale 4 McGrew. Seattle attorneys.
have fled a petition for rehcating
Ia the case OF Raven W. the Seattle
Electric company in the supreme
court alleging that the opinion dccid-
IN the case is tainted with SIspit ion
because II was written ~ juice
Root. This decision re ,srsed a iuddg-
E.ent OF $4,000 for personal INJURIES
obtained in the lower court agaiasi
lie defendant company ans the httor
a.ss for the plaintiff .lsim that the
fContInued on page twoD
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05
Pay Day ut the MnI.

The tenth Of each month IL the
regular pay day Of the Occur d'Alene
Lumber company. but instead Of wait
ing until that date this month the
company paid yesterday. and each
man in its employment was given a
check for the amount due.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05
ELECTION FRAUDS
IN CHICAGO
Voted Dead, Insane and Absentees
in Primary.

i CHICAGO, Dec. 5-The ballots Of
men long residents of other cities Of
temporary absentees, of the insane
ana even the dead, were cast in the
primary election of last August in
Chicago.
Repeaters" voted in platoons with
the conivance of wilfully unseeing
judges and clerks of election, and
fraud, rampant to an extent hitherto
unknown in city never famous for
the purity of its political atmosphere
rendered the resultant party aOVUIna-
tons morally worthless.
These and other startling alIega-
tons were made today in the report
OF the special grand jury, which, af-
~ A~'~-a al weeks of delving into the
charges growing out of Chicago's first
primary and returning 81 indict-
ments against two score or more of
politicians and others, adjourned. The
investigation, owing to physical limi-
tations, merely scratched the surface
OF the situation, according to the re-
port, and doubt is expressed that
there has been an honest city or gem
eral election in Chicago for years.
Disgrace to the City.
The findings of the inquisItorial
body characterized the primary cleo
ton as disgrace to the city. Vot-
ing machines are urgently advocated
as a step in remedial direction, and
application Of civil service rules re-
commended. 1t is stated that while
the jury cannot affirm that no frauds
were perpetrated by civil service en-
ployes, it is significant that the inqui-
sitors found none such. On the other
hand, the report remarks the fact
that, although policemen were in the
vicinity of every polling booth, the
investigators received no aid from
them in seeking to fasten response
bility for the conditions which pre-
vailed.
Referring to the fact that Frank
]. Loesch, the special states attorney
appointed to conduct the investigation
had been compelled by injunction to
perform his public duty without COM
pensation, even drawing on his own
purse for necessary expenses in one
instance, the report denounces the
men responsible
Touching on conditions which have
obtained at elections the report says:
No Confidence i'm Results.
I'm addition to the testimony d.
rectly bearing upon the crimes and
misdemeanors for which true bills
were found, the grand jury heard
much testimony regarding the con-
duct of said primary election and also
general elections, and finds deplor-
able condition of affairs in certain
wards, not creditable to the officials
who are charged by law with the con-
duct of elections and disgraceful to
the city of Chicago, which has per-
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05
orposED no FRuIT sULPHuRNo
Chief Of Chemists Says IL Is InIuri.
Ous.

Gus.
WASHINGTON. Dec. 5-Dr. viii
ey, chief Of the bureau OF chemistry.
department Of agriculture, and who
aroused the wrath Of the Pacific coast
farmers, and shippers by critlciEing
the practice Of sulphuring fruits. de-
clared today that he would continue
to speak and write on the subject
along these lines as he has hereto
fore done. In referring 10 the board
appointed by President Roosevelt to
investigate the matter. he said. Il do
not care what the board decides, and
will still insist that the presence OF
sulphuric acid In fruit is injurious to
the health"
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05
GEORGE WHITING FUNERAL
Deceased Member Of Company G Civ
en- Military Funeral.

en- Military Funeral.
The funeral OF George Whiting.
son of Mr.. and Mrs. b. NJ. Whiting.
who died Thursday morning from In
tammation OF the bowels. was held
yesterday afternoon. The services
were conducted by Rev. Station. OF
the First Presbyterian church. and
were held in the chapel Of the Occur
d'Alene Undertaking company. Az
ter the services the body was taken
to Spokane where interment was
made In Paramount cemetery. Mr..
Whiting was q member OF Company
c, Idaho National Guards. and the
company. together with the Occur
d'Alene band escorted the remains TO
the depot. A firing squad Of 10 ac-
companied the remains to Spokane
where they gave their comrade a mil
itary burial-three volleys being FIR
ed over bis grave. and taps sounded.
Mr. Whiting was well known In the
city. and popular. and the funeral
was well attended.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1908-12-05

continued on page %
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
AUTO TURNED TURTLE
Three Men Have a Narrow Escape
from Death.

Three men had narrow escape
from death near Haskins Sunday af-
ternoon at 2:3O, when the wheel of
the Ford automobile in which they
were riding, struck the iron bridge
north of that town, causing the ma
chine to turn turtle.
All three were caught under the
auto but managed to free themselves.
One man, a mail carrier of Chicago,
had his shoulder joint badly wrench
ed, and one of the two Toledo men
received a bad cut on his head. 9th
erwise they We're not much injured.
They had their automobile towed
into Haskins and left it at livery
stable, going away without disclosing
their identity.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
LECTURE.

The management of the Public
Schools wish to announce that the
people of Perrysburg and vicinity will
soon have the opportunity of hearing
the newest lecture of DR.. C. c. Miller:
"And This Is Rome."
DR.. Miller needs no introduction to
a Perrysburg audience and the fact
that he will be with us as a lecturer
is enough to assure large audience.
This lecture is of particular interest
to all students of history and lam
guage; to all interested in Rome and
Romes power both at home and
abroad; to all who love the great
head of the church-Pius, and to all
who desire to come into close touch
with modern Rome as seen and known
by one of Ohio's best scholars and
most entertaining lecturers.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30

Miss Clara Leydorf of Prarie De-
pot spent Sunday in Perrysburg.
Mrs. Chas. Musser and son, Rob-
ert of Napoleon spent the first OF
the week at the e. l.. Kingsbury home.
"A baby boy came to the home
of Fred Snyder and wife on Sunday,
Oct. 1S, and Fred is as happy as a
King.
If taken patiently and persistently
will relieve the most obstinate cases
of indigestion, constipation, bad
blood, bad liver no matter how long
standing That's what HOLSTERS
Rocky Mountain Tea will do. 80
cents, Tea or Tablets. VIM. Com
stock &c Sons.
John c. Himmelman, U. s. P. o.,
stationed at Washington, d. c., is
home on furlough He will remain
until after the election.
The home of VIM. Budd and wife
was gladdened by the arrival a few
days since of a baby boy, No. 13.
President Roosevelt please take no
tice.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
RoSSFoRD.

Mrs. Anna Cook of Louisville, KY,
and Mrs. Nachand of Jeffersonville,
Ind, left for their respective homes
Wednesday after a two weeks visit
with their father, Mr.. ]. H. King.
w. R. Fuller is building a city scales
on Elm street.
Mrs. Parsons is improving as rapid
ly as can be expected. Her shoulder
was fractured some time ago.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Van West and
mother of Perrysburg, were visiting
Mrs. Zenry Sunday evening.
Mrs. VIM. Smith is visiting her par.
ents, Jos. Smith and wife of the Ross
ford Hotel.
Mrs. Van West of Michigan was the
guest of Mrs. Zenry Sunday.
Mrs. Watt and children of Toledo
were guests of Mrs. Zenry Sunday.
Mrs. Anna Slater of Chicago was
the guest of her brother, J. V. Hender.
son for a week. She left for home
Sunday.
A double wedding was held at the
Catholic church Monday morning
John Shule and Bessie SUBMITS; John
Wojik and Mary Lunowieck. They
held their wedding dinner at Alex
Zion's dancing hall: A jolly time was
enjoyed by about so couples.
Miss Irene Nohl is the guest of her
uncle and aunt, VIM. L. We'll and
wife.
VIM. L. We'll will open up his
bowling alleys Saturday. He is hav
ing the alleys repaired and put in
perfect order
Miss Ida Carspar is the guest OF
her sister, Mrs. VIM. L. We'll, this
week.
Harvey Rinker is sick with typhoid
fever.
We are glad to learn that Mrs
Zenry is doing well and will soon be
able to be around again.
]. F. Hammell will hold school
for Electors on Friday and Saturday
If you don't know how to vote go tC
the town nall and he will show you
how to mark your ticket.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
DEATH OF MRS. FRANK sLINKER.

Mrs. Frank Slinker, daughter of
VIM. Clark and wife, died at her
home in Findlay, Thursday morning,
after a short illness. She was 40
years of age and well known In this
vicinity. She leaves a husband and
five children, father, mother, one sis
ter and two brothers to mourn her
death.
The remains were brought to
Perrysburg and the funeral services
held on Saturday morning from the
home of her parents, VIM. Clark and
wife.
The services were conducted by
Rev. w. w. Consteen and the remains
were inferred in Fort Meigs cemetery.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
WoMAN's HOME COMPANION AT
A NEW PRICE.

The increase in the price of paper
has been factor in forcing another
one of our magazines to increase in
price. The Woman's Home Compan-
ion, preparing to give its readers
bigger and better magazine, will raise
it's price from 10 cents to Is cents
copy, and from $1.OO to $1.25 year
in a few weeks.
This advance is in part due to the
increased size and value of the maga-
zine, and in part to the increased
price of paper, which is affecting
every publisher in the United States.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30

John Staddler and family of Dun
bridge Sundayed with Mrs. Lehman.
"A son was born to Elwin Daven.
port and wife last Tuesday morning.
DR.. Thomas and wife of Bowling
Green spent Sunday evening with
her sister, Mrs. L. Judson.
The Misses Lula and Daisy
Schaumloeffel entertained Miss Marie
Costello of Toledo, Sunday.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30

-Mrs. Ernest Moser spent the
latter part of last week with Toledo
friends.
Mrs. Fannie Bloomfield of Toledo
was a recent visitor of Frank Blinn
and family.
Mrs. Estyer Sutton of Dunkirk,
Ind, is visiting with her father VIM.
Crook in Toledo.
VIM. Schlect has bought the Bayer
stock of implements of the Pratt Bros.
and will give you bargain on any
thing in stock. stiff
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30

Miss Josephine Lindsay of Tole-
do spent Sunday with relatives here.
John Lindsay was the guest of
friends in Defiance, Sunday.
Melvin Carpenter of Bays was the
guest of Leo Burch, Saturday and
Sunday.
John Eckel and wife of Rossford
were visitors of A. Stewart and fam
lily Sunday.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
Where Bullets Flew.

David Parker. of Fayette, N. Y, a
veteran of the civil war, who lost q
foot at Gettysburg, says: THE good
Electric Bitters have done is worth
more than five hundred dollars TO me
l spent much money doctoring for a
bad case of stomach trouble, to little
purpose. l then tried Electric Bit
ters, and they cured me. now take
them as a tonic. and they keep nee
strong and we'll" 80 cents at VIM
Comstock & Sons drug store.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30

Mrs. E. R. Trombla visited with
friends in Bowling Green, Thursday.
Mrs. Ed. Hulce of Toledo visited
with w. p Scott and wife last Fri.
day.
H. Broka and wife of the country
Sundayed with David Hatcher and
family.
Mrs. d. Van HELEN and Miss Bess
visited with relatives in Stony Ridge
Sunday.
B. Trombla and wife took supper
with ]. Shea and wife in Toledo last
Sunday evening.
John Homer and wife were Sat.
urday evening guests of Frank Pit
son and wife in Toledo.
The Misses Bradfield and Mrs.
Rudd of Tontogany spent last Sunday
with Frank Blinn and family.
For mild, easy action of the bow
els, single dose of Doan's Regulets
is enough. Treatment cures habitual
constipation. 25 cents a box. Ask
your druggist for them.
Miss Shaffer, Miss Yeider and Mr..
Stein of Toledo were guests of Mrs.
Chas. Grueshaber, Sunday.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
HOBART.
Observation-Disclosures

Chas, Puse and family were guests
of friends at Stony Ridge, Sunday.
John Bauman visited friends in
Toledo, Sunday.
Chas. Swartz is smiling oyer the
arrival of bright baby girl at his
home.
Marguerite McQuillian of Toledo
visited her friends here, Sunday.
Geo. Snyder and wife are the proud
parents of an eleven pound boy.
Will Bench and family, Mrs. Fred
Biniker, Mrs. John Smith and Miss
Marguerite McQuillen called on Chas.
Swartz and family, Sunday.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to extend our most heart
felt thanks to friends and neighbors
for their kindness shown us at the
death of Mrs. Frank Slinker, to the
N. V. w. A. for the beautiful floral
offerings also to the pastor for his
consoling remarks.
FRANK SLINKER AND FAMILY,
VIM. CLARK, WIFE, BROTHERS
AND SISTER.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
Mrs. j. e. Gardner.

Mrs. Margaret Newton of Bowling
Green visited with Mrs. w. C. Hutch
inson, Friday.
Mrs. A. II. Phillips of Canton was
the over-Sunday guest of her sister,
Mrs. E. L. Clay.
F. II. Morningstar and wife of
Detroit are spending a few days with
Leonard Eckel and family.
VIM. Bishop and wife and Miss
Cora Volmar of Toledo were visitors
of w P. Adamson and wife last Sun
day.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30

Mrs. C. A. Hoffman spent last
Tuesday in Toledo.
Mrs. Glass of Maumee was the
Tuesday guest of Mrs. Trapp.
]. Knerr and wife of Miami were
guests of Chris. Knerr and wife,
Sunday.
The Misses Izora and Alice Groves
of Findlay were Wednesday guests of
Mrs, L. Judson.
Merlin Bowers of Detroit will ar
rive home today for several days visit
with relatives and friends.
The Epworth League of the NJ.
E. church will hold a halloween So
cial at the church parlors, Friday
evening, Oct. 80. A good time for
everybody. Everybody come. Re
freshments 10 cents.
VIM. Clark and wife of Copemich,
Mich, Fred Wallace and wife, John
Clark and wife, Frank and Sherm
Clark of Mermill, Mrs. Esther RAIDER
of Bowling Green, Geo. and Milber
Hanson and wives, Mrs, Snyder OF
Findlay and Bert Clark and wife OF
Toledo were the out-of-town relatives
who attended the funeral of Mrs
Frank Slinker last Saturday.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
MONSTER APPLE TREE
An Old Timer that has Grown to
Prodigious Sign.

On the Nestlerode farm in section
No. 32, Portage township, stands an
apple tree that measures eight feet,
8 inches, one foot from the ground
and feet and eight inches in cir
cumference four feet from ground.
The smallest of four limbs is feet Z.
1t is more than sixty years old.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
For Sale.

The Addison Smith prop
erty on 5th ST., large two-story
house and two good lots.
Also lot on 3rd street with
barn.
Both at bargain.
The c. A. Powers Agency,
General Insurance.
Geo. A. Powers, Agent.
Perrysburg, o.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30

Fred Snyder, wife and son of
Luckey called on Mrs. Elizabeth Hoff-
man, Monday.
e. D. Ross and wife of Toledo
were visitors of E. P. Averill and
wife last Sunday.
Mrs. Wenzelreig and daughter,
Miss Ella of Toledo spent last Thurs
day with Mrs. F. C. Hahn.
Mrs. Leroy Thompson and child.
rem and Mrs. j. H. Hufford visited
with relatives in Haskins, Thursday
and Friday.
Mrs. Elizabeth Hoffman was the
guest of her son, Joe Hoffman and
wife and other friends in Toledo last
week.
-WANTED-Succ Magazine re
quiIes the services of man in Per
ry sburg, to look after expiring sub
scriptions and to secure new bust
ness by means of special methods un
usually effective; position permanent.
prefer one with experience, but would
consider any applicant with good
natural qualifications; salary $1.5C
per day, with commission option. Ad
dress, with references, R. G. Peacock
Room 1O2 Success Magazine Bldg.
New York. S3b'
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
Samuel Krauss,
CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER,

Jobbing of all kinds promptly at
tended to. Estimates furnished on
all kinds of work. l will furnish you
blue prints and specifications for any
style house, you furnish the lot, and
will put up the house on terms to suit
you. Home or Bell phone. White IL
residence corner Maple and Front,
PERRYsBURG, OHIO.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
A SOCIAL.

Mrs. Hufford's Sunday School class,
"The Willing Workers." will give a
social at the home of Mrs. ]. H. Huf-
ford, Friday evening, Oct. 80. Supper
will be served from o'clock until all
are served. Everybody is invited.
Admission 10 cents.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30

"Dr. Thomas Eclectric OIL is the
best remedy for that often fatal dis
ease-croup. Has been used with
success In our family for eight years"
Mrs. l.. Whiteacre. Buffalo. N. Y.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1908-10-30
Autumn Millinery.

open with excellent showing of readytowea
and the latest eastern fashions and copies
from the pe the European models together with an assor
ment which trimmed workooms The excel
of millinery we'll known every in Perrosburg
the very latest styles do not ask
you to pay additional prices for such excusiveness.