The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-09-08

ADDe1I0nQ8 noi,tics in 1858. with Colonel John e. Fremont as it's candidate. It was the soliily Democratic state of Pennsyi- yaria which stayed the landslide ana saved the Democracy that year. elect ing James Buchanan President. He was the only Pennsyivanian ever raised to the highest ofice of the land. Four years later his state went oves to the Republican column and N is there today, ready to stay any Demo- cratic landslide and to save its party.
 If Franklin Pierce and his folfowers had been content to rest upon thc Compromise of fsgo as the final settle- ment of the slavery question in poll. tics. the inevitable clash of the Ciyil War might have been postponed Tor long time But the Democrats had won such a great victory. and the op- position was so utterly demoralizeds that the Pierce administration inag- ined it could do anything with impuni- tv Indulgfng in that mistaken belief. Fierce brought about the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. Then, with the doetrine that slavery must be permit ted in territories, the believers In the
 '2ecuiiar institution" sought to extend 1t to the territories of Kansas and Ne-' braska. Both of these Territories were north of the s'thirty-six thirty" line If the Missouri Compromise and it's
 epeai opened up the whole ques- ton.
 The Republican Party was born big. It stirred up ono of the hottest cam
 atgns the country has ever known oefore it was actually in existence as a Rational body. It owed much of its poker in its first campaign to Horace
 r5eeley and The New York Tribune.
 ie Tribune was the Repubiicsn Bible. It thundered against abuses which were exciting the whole courf- try. yet 1t could coo as softly as fhe dove if political expedience demand ed, It went so far as to bid for talked of avoiding the danger Of a solid South" pleading the while for the establishment of a "soiid North"
 No campaign up to that time lad so many Issues. Of course slavery was the only real issue, but as yet not one person of any prominence in actual politics had dared to oppose slavery in the States where it existed It was only against the extension of slavery that the Free Soiiers. the liberal Whigs. the anti-Nebraska Democrats and the newly born Republicans were fighting. But the Southernefs rightly realized that Republican success would mean an ultimate attack upon the States rights of which they were such B. a
 The Republican Party held it's first convention at Pittsburg on Washing toms birthday and formed an organi- sation. It called a nominating con- y$ntion to meet at Philadelphia on Spnker's HI day That convention met and nominated John c. Fremont far President and wiliam L. Dayton fdk Vice President. The Democrats held their convention in Cincinnati, the HIEaf naff4na1 west of the Alleghanies The race for tlle nomination was spirited, the cAii- dHdates being James Buchanan, who was chosen on the seventeenth ballot. Franklin Pierce. Stephen A. Douglas and Lewis Cass, John c. Breckin- ridge. of Kentucky. was nominated for Vice President
 The wh1g Psfty was broken up. but It's remnants went into the Nativist movement and worked with the new American" or tKnow-Nothing" Parity The Know-Nothings nominated hfflea lard Fillmore for President and An drew Jackson Donelson. of Tennessee, for Vice President. The whigs went through the form of holding a na-
 Pnal convention and endorsed the Fillmore ticket. Thus ended the tale of the Whigs, created into political organization by anti-Masonry, expfr- < Ftg as an adjunct of anti Catholicism.
 srFree States. Free Kansas, Free SPeech. Free Men and Fremontt'' That was the Republican battle-cry. Buck ne Brecky was as much as the Demo- .patic campaign poets could find for their slogan. But 1t wasn't a cam paign of iaudation. The Republicans dsponnced and defied and damned the aqsngs of the DemocratA. The Demo- etsts. fin turn, occupiedl conservative sfeund and defended their actions un-
 aR the Constitution. The Fillmore ticket was q refuge fo1 those who tidn't want to take sided in a most Unpleasant argument
 After the Lawrence. Kankas, nnassa-
 re. Horace Greeley declared that President Pierce. the captain of the oSrder ruffians will go to Cincinnati ed seek a renomnation StainNd from
 cad to foot with the heart's blood fl the free-State men of Kansas" When President Brooks. 6 South Car JIinn member of Congress, assaulted Senator Charles Sumner, of Massachu- ketts. in the Senate chamber, the whole North was set on fire. GreAleyl said 1t was deed of blood comn1at2 ed in the Chamber of Assassins.'"
 Indignation meetings were held everywhere. In Boston there was a gfeat meeting at Fremont Temple and 9 artother fin FanueiI Hall Wendell PhA- iits, Lyman Beecher. Theodore ParkeA tlIe venerable Josiah Quincy and others 4 that generation were there to fam ttte flames of popular indignation. A tlle same time. in the South, the wisef Afads could not prevent the younk n sn from applauding Brooks action iri
 dAenting the insults which Sumner h &d heaped upon the head of the aged, Skhator Butler. Brooks kinsman.
 Mood Republicans never called a reg-V ujAr Democrat anything less insulting tHat Border Ruffian." Buchanan had b Zen the first to sign the famous os- t43nd manifesto which looked to the ahnexation of Cuba. The Pierce ad- ni5nistration and Buchanan had looked wlth favor upon the Nicaragua fili- oa aatering expedition of William Wal .6r, "the gray-eyed man of destiny.r .bd the Republicans believed that 1t was the beginning of a campaign Of conquest of which Cuba was to be the chief prize. Therefore 1t was not at an surprising that the Democrats and supporters of Buchanan should have faund themselves dubbed "buchanecra."
 Zone of the greatest political meet iAgs or rallies" ever held fin this c4untry was the Fremont and Free