The Forrest City times., 1908-03-06

Sound m Siperia m state or complete
 Preservation-Rise and Spread of
 This Prehistoric Monster-Roamed
 In Great Herds in Northern Lati-
 tudes, Including North America
 Tusks Found :e Great Quantities. BY G. FREDERICK WRIGHT, A. M., Author of Ice Age in North America"
 Man and the Glacial Period"
 "Asiatic Russia" etc.l
 Copyright, by Joseph B. Bowles)
 The mammoth is an extinct species of elephant which was formerly spread all over Europe, northern Asia and North America as far north as Mex ico. In size he was somewhat larger than the elephant. Whereas Jumbo stood II feet high, the mammoth skel- eton set up in the museum in the Chi cago Academy of Sciences stands 13 feet as mounted, which would make him some IA feet high when alive. The tusks of the mammoth were enor- nous. Those of one found in Texas. and now mounted in the American Mu- scum of Natural History in New York city, measured 13 feet and 10 inches, and would weigh 200 pounds apiece. The mammoth had trunk like the elephant and was covered with three suits of hair-the largest consisting of rough black bristles IS inches in length, the aext coat of close-set hair from nine to ten inches long, and underneath all soft, reddish wool, about five inches long forming a GOV ering which would shed water, and enabling the animal to stand any amount of cold.
 At the present time the elephant is limited to southern Asia and to cen. tral and southern Africa The Asiatic species, however, differs in many respects from the African. The African elephant has much larger ears than the Asiatic; so that they com pletely cover the shoulder when thrown back, sometimes being 3iS feet long and 21a wide. Its teeth are also different from those of the Asiatic species, and its tusks heavier But In both cases the tusks are much smaller than are those of the man. moth.
 The elephant first appeared in the middle Tertiary deposits of northern India. From that center, still occu- pied by the species, it seems to have spread outward to the limits of the northern hemisphere. In the later Tertiary period species is found fos- sil throughout Europe, while still later the species known as the nam moth, or, in technical terms, elephas primigenius, was, as already said. spread in great numbers over north ern Asia and North America as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. and all over Europe north of the Mediterran- can. In these regions he survived the glacial period, and fingered until some time after the advent of man.
 In Siberia the mammoth wandered down the valleys of all the large rivers running into the Arctic ocean. where 30 many of them left their carcasses
 
 formed most important export to the ivory markets of the world. During the years 1S72-73 as many as 2.77O mammoth tusks, weighing from 40 to l60 pounds each, making a total of 200 tons, were entered at the London locks. Up to the present time the ivory hunters in northern Siberia
  uable material, and it forms a con- stant means of barter with China The long string of camels which carry tea from China across the desert of Gobi 10 Siberia return laden in no small de- gree with fresh mammoth tusks, brought up from the mouth of the 4enisei, the Lena and the Indgirka river
 One of the most remarkable facts concerning the distribution of the mammoth is brought to light in the discovery of their skeletons in great numbers upon the New Siberian is lands, far out beyond the mouth of the Lena river, and of similar discov. cries on the Pribilof islands in Bering sed. On the SnOres 0f Alaska north of the Yukon river the bones of the man. moth are very numerous in the frozen soil. So fresh are the remains that, as the sun thaws them out on expos ure, the air is tainted with the odor of decaying flesh.
 The remains of the mammoth are found chiefly in post-glacial deposits. They occur in the post-glacial river gravels all over the north temperate zone. and beneath the deposits of loess (which are connected with the close of the glacial period) in the Missouri val ley. But the situation in which they most frequently occur is in peat bogs, where they seem to have been mired o hN f,Ip a1