davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
WEEDS INTO NOBILITY
Eileen Orme, ~ Years Old. Becomes
Bride Of English Niscount's Heir.

London. Nov. 21.-Another ro-
nance OF the stage was recorded this
Afternoon in the marriage Of Eileen
0rme a musical comedy acress. 10
the Honorable Morris Hood, heir of
Visoount Bridport. Miss Orme is is
years old and has appeared recently
In THE Merry widow" She is a
sister OF the better known actress
Denise Orme. Mr.. Hood is lieuten-
ant IN the Naval Reserves.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Red Mems Smoker.

Next Friday night the Red Men OF
the otego tribe will have a smoker
at the hall on North Fourth street. A
committee consisting OF Al Foreman
William Buck and Clark Fortson has
been appointed to arrange for the
evenings pleasures. Probably a
mock trial In addition to speeches
and games will be enjoyed, and af-
forwards a banquet will be served.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Mckinley school Entertainment.

The teachers and pupils Of the Nc
Kinley school, on Hays avenue. have
arranged a very attractive program
for an entertainment TO be given for
the benefit of the school league Mon
day afternoon at 3 O'Clock. Music
Rotations and tab.eaux will be the
features.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
IMMIGRATION sHaKE-ur.
Secretary straus VIII MAKE Some lie
forms at New York.

Washington, Nov 21.-When Sec
rotary Strauss, of the Department Cd
commence and labor, was asked, just
before the cabinet meeting, II he con-
templated a "shake-up' among tbs
officials of the immigration service al
New York. he replied that an im'
provement in the service was IN con
compilation
Public Office Is not private fran
chise, as my self VIII coon learn,
said the secretary.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21

cared America must fight Japan
within ten months unless Ger
many and America unite to
counterfeit the Anglo-Japaneee
alliance. II general European
war must come. the kaiser wants
II now. because he is prepared.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
WORLD PUBLISHES WHAT PURPORTS TO
BIZ INTERVIEW WITH GERMAN RULER

New York. Nov. 21.-The
Word publishes an astounding
statement, which II claims is the
real interview of Mr.. Hale with
the kaiser. IL declares Hale re-
vlsei the article. II quotes the
kaiser as saying King Edward
bounded him two years and
must stop. He insisted that
Germany is thf paramount ma
tion OF Europe hnd holds France
in hand. Russia is no account
and England 4 decadent nation,
since the Trtnsvaalehwar. He
citcl the lar Iu&eo M aui de-
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Gar Walks TO Funeral

ST. Petersburg. Nov 2l.--The car
made his first appearance ON foot n
81. Petersburg since the coronation,
atten 5ing the funeral OF Grand Duke
Alexis. He marched behind the cas-
ket. a double file OF soldiers on either
side. and scores OF secret police guard
Ing Every honse. along the route
was guarded
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Thanksgiving for Poor.

Thanksgiving Day viii not be OBJ
served by the charitable organizations
this year. The only reception planned
so far Is the annual one by the wo-
men OF the Home OF the Friendless.
The Charity club viii take no steps in
this direction, as the work has Just
begun. but Christmas il Is expected tc
serve a dinner TO the poor or dis.
tribute baskets among the needy.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Gompers Reelected

Denver. Nov 21.-Samuel Com
pers was reelected president OF the
American Federation Of Labor. The
reported opposition on account of his
activity in Bryan's behalf in the re-
cent election failed to materialize. II
is expected the other officers will be
Reelected
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Gen. simon Rebels.

Port Au Prince. Hayti, Nov. al
A revolution, headed by Gen. Antoine
Simon. the delegate OF the southern
department of the republic, who has
Just been deposed by President Nord
Alexis, broke out at Les Coyes last
night. Troops are being rushed to
the scene of the uprising from every
point In the republic.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Bro. Charley in Race

Cincinnati, Nov. 21.-Charles Taft
has resigned as president of the Gin
cinmati Gas and Electric company, as
the first step in severing all corpora
ton connections so as to seek cleo
ton to the senate. He is now regard
ed as a serious aspirant for Foraker's
seat.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
ao,is5 UNEMPLOYED IN BERLIN
Census Shows Few Women Among
the Ranks of Idle Workers.

Berlin, Nov. 21.---lAn official CEN
sus of Berlin and it's suburbs shows
that there are today in this terri
tory 40,125 persons without employ
ment. or this number only Lie
are women. The remarkably small
number OF women who lack employ
ment is accounted for by the great
demand for domestic servants. Some
socialist members OF the city council
have requested house TO house
census. and claim that this would
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
MINERS BNTOMBED,
HOPE ABANDONED
BY RESCUE PARTY

Butte, Mont, Nov. 2i.-Sixty-four
miners are entombed in the mine at
Red Lodge by explosion and fire. Six
were killed instantly and q escaped.
Hope Is abandoned for the imprisoned
men.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
stanley Milward Here.

Mr.. Stanley Maward, of Lexington,
member of the state board of control
passed through Paducah last night
He arrived last night at 6:1o O'Clock
and after a several hours chat with
friends in The city left early this moro
.ae Tor Lexiag tonl
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Rev. II. p. Ramsey Better.

Rev. ]. w. Blackard returned to
Paducah this morning after a visit
to the bedside of the veteran Method
list minister, the Rev. T. p. Ramsey,
who has been quite sick but is now
on the road to a rapid recovery
Mayfield Monitor.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Bud Grissom Shoots and Kills Esq.
Robert Kennedy in Quarrel Over
Kennedy's Daughter This Morning
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
THE VOTE OF KENTUCKY.

Frankfort, KY. Nov. 21.--
Especial )-Those who classified
Kentucky as u doubtful state
were wise. because the Demo-
cratic party cast less than half
the votes In the state at the pres.
idential election. The majority
against Bryan was LAP. He
defeated MIR. Taft in the state
only 5000. More bets probably
were made i'm the state on Bry.
ans plurality in kentucky than
on any other thing and most of
the bets were whether Bryan
would have 10000 plurality. IL
was first said that Bryan had a
majority of 10000. The result
shows that had the Fifth district
come up with its estimated ma
jority of 5000 Taft would have
carried the state. The count will
be officially announced Monday. !
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Hadlcy Names swaneer.

ST. Louis, Nov. 2i.-Hadley an
nounoei he will appoint John Swan
ger. secretary OF s,ute. who was de-
featei for reelection. bank commits
sloner. The position was created by
the hast legislature and pays $500.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Ollie James Majority in First is
Slightly Over Eight Thousaud----
Stanley's Majority is Half That
REPUBLICAN MONEY.

New York. Nov. 2t.-Advanee
figures show the Republican
campaign fund was about ST.
100000. Charles Taft was the
heaviest contributor. He gave
100000. With the convention
expenses his brothers success
cost him "a quarter OF n million.
About 10000 subscribed, 5000
In the west who gave half mil
lion, Carnegie. william Crom.
well, Pierpont Morgan and
whiteiaw Reid. $4,000 each.
Richard Kerns, AdoIph Busch
and w. u. Dickey. Of Missouri
gave 5000 each. Roosevelt
gave $1,000.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Cotton Gin Report

Washington. Nov. 2l.-The census
bureau announced that 9,G3O.5G3
bales OF cotton were ginned up to
IA. compared with 1900
sos last year.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Leg Fractured.

Lincoln. Neb.. Nov. Glow
elect A. C. Shallenberger is confined
to his room at the Lincoln hotel and
is suffering from a fractured leg. He
was injured while being initiated ais
a member of the SINNERS.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Another Burnley Deal.

Louisville, KY, Nov. 21. Especial.
& Dillon. OF Detroit,
bought three million pounds OF bur
ley from the pool at 1925, 600.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Woman Murders Woman.

Jackson. KY. Nov. 21. (Special.)
Mrs. Almira Allen killed Mrs. Fan
ny Tut, this county The cause is
unknown. Mr.. Allen was arrested as
an accomplice.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Withdrawing Troops.

Frankfort, Ky, Nov. 81. Especially
The adjutant general states that a
number OF troops in the dark tobacco
district will be withdrawn in the next
few weeks.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Fire mt Mt. Vernon.

Mt. Vernon. KY, Nov. 81. (spe-
cial.) Fire destroyed the Joplin
block here this morning. The loss is
$4,000.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
DETHODISTS WILL
MEET AT FOUNTAIN
AVENUE TOMORROW
DR. McMurry Will Preach Two
Sermons in New Church
Edifice.
Excellent Musical Programs
For Services.
SOMETHING OF ORGANIZATION
SOMETHING OF ORGANIZATION

The opening services at the fouh-
tain Avenue Methodist church. which
will be conducted tomorrow. will be
an important event In the history OF
Methodlsm in Paducah. and In order
that all Methodists may meet and
worship with that congregation, no
services will be held at the Broad
way and Third street churches In the
morning.
The fine edifce, which has Just
been completed, a Monroe street and
Fountain avenue, Is one of the pref
test In the city. and modern Ideas
prevail ia the arrangement and arch
itecture. Last night the congrega-
ton gathered in the edifice for
the first time. the purpose OF the re-
cepiion being 20 greet the pastor. the
Rev q. w. Banks, and his wife. up
ON their return from the conference.
DIR. Banks was returned here by the
conference for another year.
The Trlmbie Street Methodist
church. which is the same organIza-
ton as the present church. the prop
erty at Twelfth and Trimble streets
having been sold 10 the Cumberland
Presbyterian congregation. was Or
ganized In 1884 and the Rev. w. 4.
Sewell was the church's first pastor.
Since then the following ministers
n.
Moore. Jr.. George NJ. Barton. ]. c.
Wilson. o. ". Dngglns. J. W. Iron.
W. W. Armstrong and G. W. Banks.
the present pastor.
Dr. W. r. MeMurry. who will
preach at both morning and evening
services. Is secretary OF the church
extension board OF the Southern Meth
odlst church.
The program for tomorrow's serv-
Ices Is;
Morning Service.
Mrs. y. J. Billings, organlst.
lnstrumental-(S elect.)
Hymn. No. 2-"Come Thou Al
mighty King"
Hymn. No. sse-"stand Up for
Jesus"
Prayer. the Rev. J. W. Blaekard.
ID. ID.
Scripture lesson.
Hymn. No. 1s0-"All Hall the
Power OF Jesus Name"
offertory-Miss Ann Bradshaw.
Sermon-Dr. W. +. McMurry.
Hymn. No C49-"Praise the Saw
Tor All We Nations"
Evening Service.
Instrumental solo.
voluntary-Selected
Hymn. No. i9-"Come Thou
Fount OF Every Blessing"
Offering.
Offertory-Mr. Frank Cheek.
Sermon-Dr. w. +. McMurry.
Hymn. No. 422-''Work for the
Night Is Coming"
Benediction.
The Organization.
The organization of the church is:
Official Board--John d. Davis. Sun
day school superintendent; j. c. Mar
tin, Silas Mitchell. r. b. Baker. trus-
tees: c. w. Morrison, chairman: n
J. Billings. secretary: h. T. Davis. c
c. Duvall. J. NJ. Gentry, George c
Warner, " +. Moore, Albert Husk
H. l.. Wallace. Silas Mitchell, Jr., r.,
H. Bridges. Ed Tyree. stewards.
Teachers OF Sunday school--Mrs
II. T. Davis. Mrs. Eva ]. Washburn,
Mrs. Herman Karnes. Mrs. Il. ]. Bill
ings. Miss May Mitchell. Mrs. J. NJ.
Gentry. Mrs. c. p. Houseman, Miss
Clara Rhodes. Miss Edith Morrison
c. w. Morrison, b. J. Billings.
Teacher OF Baraca class-George c.
Warner.
President Epworth League--Mrs
u. J. Billings.
Woman's Home Missionary Society
Mrs. D. 7. Davis. president: Mrs,
Ann Chastaine. secretary.
Young Ladies' Pastors Aid Society
Mrs. o. II. CARRIER. president; Mrs
"a I RillinQe cacratarv
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
Adjutant General Says He
Will Withdraw Some Troops
From Black Patch-Fire at
Mt. Vernon

Frankfort, KY, Nov. 81. (Special)
The Official plurality OF Ollie
James is S,024, and of Stanley, 4,01S
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1908-11-21
CLOUDY

Partly cloudy tonight and Sunday;
not much change In temperature.
Highest temperatnre yesterday, Go;
lowest today. %. r
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-26
DETECTIVES PUT IN JAIL
Chicago Police Arrest Four Men Who
Attempted to BlackmaiI Officials.

Chicago, Ill.-Four so-called "pri-
vate detectives" were arrested on
Thursday night charged with having
attempted to blackmail Mayor Busse,
Chief of Police Shippy and Alderman
j. NJ. Forman of the third ward out of
sums approXimating 100000. Hardy
SCHNEIDER, John r. Mareney, William
J. Mullaney and Charles HuXhold are
the prisoners. They claim that they
had been employed by a reform or
ganization, composed of southside
clergymen, to investigate vice and
crime conditions in the district en-
closed by 26th and 35th streets. and It
is charged by the city authorities that
the men tried to obtain money from
them by threatening to publish al
legged exposures of conditions in that
district. The ministers who compose
the reform organization assert they
believe the men to be reputable
private detectives.
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-26
HELD PRISONERS BY FLOOD
Masons Penned in by Water Caused
from Cloudburst-Damage Wrought
in Other Places.

Pittsburg, Pa - A flooded street
following a cloudburst Wednesday
night made prisoners of officers
of the Grand Chapter of Pennsylvania
Royal Arch Masons, charter members
of a new chapter and guests, swelling
the total number to 100. The new
chapter was instituted at Wilmerding
a suburb, and the work began Wednes.
day afternoon. The party left Mason.
ic Temple to attend a dinner at the
Central hotel, across Westinghouse
avenue. During the dinner a cloud
burst occurred at East McKeesport,
a mile away, and soon a torrent of wa
ter from to feet deep swept
through the street between banquet
hall and lodge room. An hour later
wagons were secured to haul the party
across the street and the lodge work
was resumed.
Much damage was done by the
cloudburst and accompanying storm
and a number of houses and barns
We're struck by lightning. The storm
was general in this section. At Irwin
three buildings We're struck by light.
ming and flooded streams tied up the
Irwin-Greensburg Electric railroad. In
Washington county many buildings
were struck by lightning and burned
Three gas well derricks were blown
down at Zollarsville.
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-26
INSURANCE CLERK
SHOOTS HIMSELF
"WELL, HERE GOES" AS he
FIRED A BULLET INTO
HIS BRAIN.
SON OF INSURANCE MAN
Woman In Case was Formerly Wife of
Prominent Politician-Had
Given Him Up on Sew
eral Occasions.

New York City.-Herbert Kremer,
son of President William y. Kre-
mer. of the German American In
suranCe Co, Thursday night shot and
killed himself in the apartments of
Mrs. Lafayette B. Gleason. who was
formerly the wife of the clerk of the
state senate and secretary to the state
Republican committee. Mrs. Gleason
said later that Kremer had become
despondent following the termination
by her of their wedding engagement.
Kremer was 80 years old and had
been employed as clerk in the office
of an insurance broker. He renewed
an earlier acquaintance with Mrs.
Gleason when she secured a divorce
two years ago.
A few months ago, Mrs. Gleason
said, she induced him to enter a sani-
tarium at Stamford. Conn, A few
weeks later he left the place and in
December went to an institution at
White Plains. Five weeks ago, she
said, she broke their engagement, and
on Monday last he came to her apart
ments at the St Charles hotel and at
tempted suicide by taking poison.
Thursday she said she met him by APP
pointment to arrange a matter of
business and Thursday night he ac-
companied her to her rooms. He had
been there but few moments, accord
ing to Mrs. Gleason, when, eXclaim-
ing: We'll, here goes he fired a
bullet into his brain.
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-26
EASY VICTORY FOR BURNS
Jem Roche, the Irish Champion
Knocked Out in the First Rouno.

Dublin, Ireland. - Tommy Burns
the American heavy weight champion
made short work of Jem Roche, the
Irish champion, in their contest Tues
day evening at the Theatre Royal, for
the worlds heavyweight championship
Practically only one blow was struck
Burns knocking Roche out when hard.
ly more than a minute of the first
round had been completed by a short
hook to the jaw. So quickly did the
end come that the great crowd which
filled the theatre, in the expectation
of seeing the Irishman put up a good
fight for the title, hardly realized
what had happened.
When the men entered the ring il
was evident that the sluggish Roche
was no match for the more expert
enced Burns. They SPARED for les;
than a minute, the Irishman acting al
together on the defensive and the
American endeavoring to find an open
ing. Then Burns feinted and quickly
put a short sharp right to the jaw and
Roche went down. He was badly
daZed and although he struggled to re
gain his feet was unable to do so be
fore the fatal ten was counted. Imme
diately after the count Roche got his
feet, but staggered about the stage
When he had recovered himself he
went over to congratulate the winner.
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-26
SENATOR WHYTE
CROSSES DIVIDE
THE MARYLAND SENATOR HAS
BEEN IN PUBLIC LIFE
SINCE 1947.
HE WAS 83 YEARS OF AGE
Since That Year Senator VIM. Pinck-
ney Whyte Has Held Nearly Every
Office in the Gift of the
People of His State.

Baltimore, Md. - United States
Senator William Pinckney Whyte
died at his home in this city
Tuesday night He was taken i'll while
in Washington last Thursday and re-
turned as soon as possible. Erysipe-
as developed and his condition became
worse. About o'clock Tuesday after
noon the senator suffered a sinking
spell, but recovered wonderfully and
was conscious until the final convul-
sion that ended in his death at 1905
y. m.
Senator Whyte, who was affection
ately referred to and addressed as
Governor by nearly every one who
knew him, has been in public life since
1S47. He was born in this city August
9, 1924, and was the son of Joseph
and grandson of Dr. John Campbell
Whyte. His maternal grandfather was
the famous lawyer and orator William
Pinckney. He engaged in business for
two years, following which he gradual
ed at law at Harvard in 1S45. His
political career may be said to have
begun with his election TO the house
of delegates of the Maryland legisla-
ture of lS47-S, since which time he
has held nearly every office in the gift
of the people of his state. He was
state comptroller in 1S5355 and ran
for congress in 1857, but was defeated
He was a delegate to the national con
Vention of 1868 and the same year
was appointed United States senator
to fill the uneXpired term of the late
Reverdy Johnson upon the latters
appointment as minister to Great Brit
ain, He was governor of Maryland in
1S7l-74 and in the following year was
elected United States senator. He be
came mayor of Baltimore in 1881 and
attorney general of Maryland in 1887
He was chairman of the commission
which framed the new charter of this
city, serving in that capacity in 1897
and 1898. In 1900 he became city
solicitor, The then governor, Edwin
Warlield, appointed him United States
senator in 1906 to fill, until the meet
ing of the present legislature, the un.
expired term of the late Senator Ar
thur p. German and the current legis.
lature soon after assembling elected
him Senator Germans successor for
the term ending March 8, 1903.
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-26
ADMIRAL EVANS TO RETIRE
Rear Admiral Sperry Will Command
Atlantic Fleet When It Leaves
San Francisco.

Washington, d. C.-Rear Admira'
Chas. S. Sperry will be command
er-in-chief of the Atlantic battle
ship fleet when it leaves San Francisco
In July to encircle the globe This i'm
portant detail was decided upon by
President Roosevelt and his cabinei
Tuesday.
Rear Admiral Evans, on his persona
request, will be relieved of the com
mand at the conclusion of the bis
naval review at San Francisco, May 8
Admiral Evans retires in August.
To Rear Admiral Thomas comes the
honor of commanding the feet en- its
visit to Puget Sound, and until the
homeward journey begins. He has
been second in command during the
voyage, and retires in October. These
retirements make possible two promo
'tions to the grade of rear admiral, and
these are to be filled by the advance
ment of Capt. Seaton Schroeder and
Captain Richard Wainwright, who will
command respectively the third and
fourth squadrons of the fleet, and Rear
Admiral Emory the second
Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1908-03-26
TOOK STROLL on new BRIDGE
LARGEST CANTILEVER STRUC-
TURE IN WORLD TRAVER RSED.
A Single Steel Cirder Now Links New
York and Long lsIand-Com-
menced in 1901.

New York. - The great canti-
lever structure over East river
known as Blackwells Island bridge
which was constructed at a cost of
nearly $25,000,00O was traversed its
entire length by pedestrians Wednes-
day for the first time. Alderman Tim
othy p. Sullivan, as the personal rep
resentative of Mayor Mcclellan, whom
Illness kept from participating in the
event, headed delegation of city Off
cials and representatives of the CON
StructiOn companies which have taken
part i'll the erection of the structure,
across narrow foot bridge built on
top of the single steel girder which
now links the New York and Long
Island ends of the bridge. This gir-
der, so feet in length and weighing
20 tons, was fitted in place Wednes-
day in the presence of the delegation.
Midway on the foot bridge, Alderman
Sullivan broke d bottle of champagne
over the rail, an American flag was
broken out and whistles on river craft
footed a salute.
Work on the bridge was commenced
in 1901 and has been carried on con
stantly since then. There have been
many fatalities among the workmen
employed on the great highway.
When completed the bridge will be
the largest cantilever structure in the
world. 1t will be double decked and
S,449 feet in length. The length OF
the main span is lisp feet between
the towers. On the lower deck, pro-
jectlng beyond the trusses, there will
be roadway wide enough for four
three-horse teams to pass abreast. On
each side of and apart from this road
way there will be two trolley tracks.
In the middle of the upper deck, be-
tween the trusses, there are to be two
elevated railroad tracks and two prom
enades, each eleven feet wide. The
six tracks across the bridge are es.
timated to have a capacity of $50, ,000,-
900 passengers year under ordinary
conditions of traffic.