Arizona republican., 1908-06-05
servatively 2oooO pouring terrific hail

IAlllt gun llNt. American Japanese British French | attacking West Russians East Ameri- can Suffered terribly as associated left field one surgeon nine infantry said conservative estimate twenty-five per cent hit liscum reported mortally wounded walking front troops Major regan Captains Buckmiller Wilcox Moves among wounded
 Marines losses indicated Captain Davis killed Butler Leonard Several wounded officers declares hotter than Santiago then left Americans were laying in plain between all and river under enfiladlng & recent fire equally difficult adyailce on retire counted three huhdred wounded all volunteers. To estimate from this the annual cable bills of big institutions. such as the Chicago board of trade, one gains an idea of the amount of revenue to cable companies from business which is interlational in its scope. From London, Liverpool. Paris Berlin. Bud apest and Buenos Ayres cable mes- sages pour into the offices of the Chicago board of trade; their number averages 150 a week, about 1900 a year. Nor are these brief bulletins; many are long and detailed, regard less of cost. In addition to the cable tolls there is the expense of ceaseless- ly gathering data for this cable news service, which must be done by the people who are conversant with the worldmarket. By means of the ca bles the Chicago board of trade tests the commercial pulse-beat of the world.
 It has been estimated that England incurs daily bill of s3,3OO to cable to the United States, and s4.0O0 to India, South Africa, China and the east. The latest innovations enable the cable operators to send forty to forty-five words a minute. It is now possible to transmit a message across the Allan tic in thirty to sixty minutes. Twen- ty years ago, when only seven or ten words per minute could be sent on the cable, it used to take five to ten hours In. fact, the institutions which most use them get replies from tie conti- mental countries in two to three min utes.
 By means Of "duplexing" the copper wire coated with gutta percha-a pro- cess. invented and perfected by Dr. AL exander Muirhead-the efficiency of the cable service has been doubled. This device enables messages to be sent simultaneously from both ends of the wire. Through it's instrumentality eighty to ninety words per minutes now virtually pass on the line The leading cable companies have already .l,,, cables in order to get the fullest bene- fit from this invention.
 Increased speed during the fifty years in the transmission of cable grams has worked a revolution in the construction and operation of cable lines. Lord Kelvin discovered that the time Consumed by an electric sig nal to travel through cable increased, not in direct proportion to the length of the section, but the square of the length Thus when the cable-length was doubled 1t took four. times as long for the current to travel; the, Ire sistance" of the wire delays electric current, also speed. Simultaneously it was discovered that a stout copper wire thickly coated with gutta per-
 
 A mile of core, weighing $50 pounds of copper and 400 pounds of gutta percha, or weighing about three times as much as does the copper wire used in land teiegraphy. has been found to render the most gratifying speed results and is. as a rule, employed for constructing long distance cables. Even with such a heavy wire, only very feeble cur rent can be transmitted to the receiv- ing cable station. This has necessi- tated the employment of extremely del icate. instruments in the cable service. With the assistance of the Kelvin sy- phon recorder, the feeble current is automatically made to legibly inscribe the message sent thousands of miles away.
 The construction of the syphon re- corder is highly interesting. Silken fabrics are made to carry the oscilla- tions of coil to a little glass syphon, four inches long and as big as a nee dle. One end of this syphon is in an ink well, the other rubs against a strip of paper which is constantly kept in motion. The syphon also moves un- interruptedly, the motion being of such a character as not to interfere with the oscillations communicated to the syphon by the electric current. This motion enables the syphon to record the cable message by means of dots" and bars" the ''Wheatstone" alphabet being in common use.
 This instrument has been perfected to such an extent during recent years that by it's means a typewriter can be worked in London and make to "click" in New York, or vice versa, and the dream of the cable engineers is that a typesetting machine will one of these days be used in New York and a sim liar machine automatically made to set type in Liverpool or, London.