The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-04-04
THE LIME SULPHUR SPRAY.
Good Preventive for Apple scsb and
Lsss Harmful Than Borne.

1000 TFeson1ffs TOT Fppsc oc~D h10
Less Harmful Than Bone.
A. B. cordIey. EnsonoSozist. Oregon Expe-inent
Statton. Co<vnlha-
The serious results IA the form Of
Bordeaux Injury" which often follow
Of Bordeaux mixture rem
der it almost imperative that some
means be found Of reducing this injury,
or that some spray be discovered which
may be used az q substitute for Bor-
deAux.
For the past two or three years have
observed, after winter spraying apple
and pear trees with lime-sulphur solu-
tions, for San Jose scale, that the fruit
upon the sprayed trees was lees "scsb-
by than that upon unsprayed tees.
Upon two different occasions this winter
application was delayed until the bios
SONS were about to open and while the
spray, which was applied at the fall
strength, did considerable injury at the
time, its decidedly beneficial effects
we're noticeable when the fruit Was
gathered. However the generally good
res1lts which follow winter zpplica-
tons OF lime-sulphur are now well
known and this part Of the work re-
quires no further comment.
Nevertheless, these observations sug-
gested to me the proba bility that lime
sul.hur solution might be used as
substitute for Bordeaux mixture for
summer applications and during the
past year have 90 used it upon vari-
Gus plants for various purposes.
Il is not proposed at this time to go
at all into detail regarding these ex-
reriments--I wish only to call stten-
ton to some Of the results obtained
which chow eonclusively that lime
sulphur solutions may be used az q
summer spray without injury 10 foliage
and also point strongly to the Irobabil-
ity that by its use apple scab lusy be
effectually controlled without danger OF
spray injury to the frnit.
Sufficient work has not been done %
Justify the statement that lime-sulphur
is equal to Bordeaux as a preventive Of
this disease but the results of the single
seasons work point 90 strongly 10 this
conclusion that feel justified in call
ing attention to them, that growers
who have suffered loss from Bordeaux
injury, and others who are interested,
may make comparative tests Of the two
sprays the coming season.
In carrying out the work the past
season it became necessary FIRST Of all
to determine how strong a solution
could be used without injury to the
foliage. This, again, made it necessary
to adopt some method Of "standardiz-
ing'' the spray. After considerable
work we adopted what may be termed
the "stock solution" method Of prepar-
ing the spray and adopted as stand
ard for the work a "stock solution,
having specific gravity of 1.27. (Fol
determining the specific gravity of ths
solution while at work in the field We
have found the specific gravity hydro
meter very convenient instrument
1t is cheap. simple and convenient
and we would recommend every grower
who expects to use lime-sulphur as I
summer spray to obtain one.)
This solution, similar to the Rex
Niagara and Phoenix lime-sulphul
sprays upon the market, any Of which
would undoubtedly do as we'll, is of
clear, dark amber color, is without sed
iment, and as stated above had q spe
cific gravity of l.27. Analysis showe'
that each gallon contained in solutiol
23s pounds of sulphur.
During the season of 1907 tbes
"stock solutions" OF lime-sulphur wei
used variously diluted upon the apple
pear, peach, plum, prune, ounce
cherry. grape, potatoes and celery.
The results obtained indicated tina
lime-sulphur sprays produced By di
luting l gallon of the stock solutio
/. with Is gallons OF water may be safel
used upon all Of the ahove-name
plants, with the exception OF the peach
unless it may be early in the spring
when very slight injury was produced
For use upon the peach each gallon {
solution should be diluted with at leas
20 gallons of water.
For the experiments with apple sea
a block of 400 Yellow NeStown tree
were selected, because this variety
particularly susceptible to this diseas
and because this block was known
be badly infested.
The entire orchard was sprayed wit
lime-sulphur for San Jose scale lal
in February. The orchard was the
divided into two plats. One plat vi
. sprayed with Bordeaux mixture o
April 20, May and May IL. tn
other plat was sprayed on the san
dates with lime sulphur solution d
luted LIS. Unsprsyed trees were le
q as checks in each plat.
At picking time the fruit was car
, fully gathered, examined and separate
/ into three grades to show per cent
fruit absolutely free from scab, slight
scabby and badly scabbed. 1t vi
then regarded TO show per cent Of fru
4, injured by spray.
The summing OF results is show
graphically in the following tabl
Column marked A shows per cent
fruit free from scab; B, that showiI
only small scab spots; @, that bad
scabbod and unmaTketable; d sho'
! spray injury.
g A B @ ID
: UnsprAyed -. .ls.s 1877 Sis {