davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24

Clare. Mich. Oct, 20-Harry and
Lewis Kanarr we're killed. and their
mother, Mrs. James Quick. was fatally
injured by the explosion OF sixteen
pounds q dynamite which bad been
placed ~ their oxen to dry aud was
forgotten.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24

Iays strip twenty miles wide from
Hubbard Lake to An Sable river ID
burning. More than fifty farms are re-
ported TO have been swept by the
tires and their buildings destroyed. AT
Pressure Isle, on Lake Huron, Keeper
Clarity was compelled to abandon the
government fog signal station aud dec
for his life
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24

Manila. Oct. 2l.-~Lewis Conner
q member 81 the lire department OF
this city L. dead az cholera. This r.
the first American death reported IN
SOME time. The average Of new caaes
reporied has falIen % two daily I'M.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24

\ Battle Greek. Mich. Oct. iD.--Alla.
Harriet Eleanor. The last 81 the Gins
IN i)r \ u. kelloggs famous ndopted
family nf tweniy.fonr was married "a
Bertram 6. kirkland. sanatorlum phnr.
macist.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24

Traverse City. Mich. Oct 22.--The
fourteenth annual convention OF the
Michigan state Federation OF women's
Clubs opened here for n four days' ses-
sion. President Mrs. Frances Wheeler
Smith. Of Hastings. gave an address ON
the Importance OF parliamentary order
IN state meetings. and she was follow
ell by Mrs. Emma Fox. OF Detroit
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24

Norfolk, Nh. Oct. - win three
alarms n quick succession ana +. -.
ora OF twcnty-0ne lncendiary fires In
eight days. the situation following tina
operation OF nm unknown tlrobue i
hourly growing acute.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24

Election betting IN New YORK Is
practically ai a standsun. nettine
men who ought to know said they had
never had greater difficulty IN getting
money down on either state or ma.
tlonal election.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24
ONLY RAIN CAN SAVE.
Dig Gale Fans the Forest Fires
In the District Near SauIt
Ste. Marie.
ISLAND IS REPORTED ABLAzz
One Thousand Persons In Peril There
on-More Dead Found-Iselief
Work Il Rapid-Notes.

sault Ste. Marie. Mich. Oct. 21.--
Hundreds OF residents In this district
who have been lighting forest fires are
depending upon showers predicted 70
give much needed relief. A forty-mlle
gale spread the fires In all directions.
IL Is reported that Sugar Island, which
has a population OF 1000 people, ia
ablaze almost from end 20 end. Near
Detour sixteen square miles have been
burned over. Gladys. Eckerman, She'll
drake and whitefish point are sur
rounded. Brimley had a narrow es-
cape, but the fires were driven back
after one building in the village was
destroyed.
Three Unidentified Bodies.
Alpena, Mich. Oct. 21.-The bodies
OF three unidentified men were found
terribly burned neer Crawfords stone
quarry, south OF Rogers City. No
trace has been found Of Martin Lapcz-
inski, farmed, who with his wife and
three children fed In small boat
when the fires destroyed their home
near Posen last week. II is feared they
were drowned In Lake Huron.
Relief Work Progresses.
Nine carloads OF food, clothing and
lumber were sent into the forest fire
district around Metz yesterday as the
result OF generous contributions from
all over Michigan. At Metz three new
cabins are already completed, three are
nearly finished and three more have
been started. Each cabin has three
rooms, one 10 be fitted up with n stove
and the two smaller ones each contain.
Ing an upper and lower bunk. -Four
people can he accommodated comfort.
ably In house.
Detroit Makes Relief Grant.
Detroit. oct. 21.-The Detroit com
mon council has appropriated $1,000
for the relief OF forest fire sufferers in
northern Michigan. and the public sub
scriptions here for the same purpose
amount 10 S6.4s7. In addition 10 a large |
quantity Of clothing, bedding and sup
plies which have been forwarded 10
the stricken district.
Fire Invades a Town.
Midland. Mich. Oct. 21.-Forest fires
that had been burning I'm this vicinity
several days entered the city ana At
tucked several houses. The fire depart.
ment got control OF the flames after
hard struggle, but danger Is not yet
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1908-10-24
Great Britain, Russia and France
Have Formulated a Basis for
Balkan Pacification.
EIGHT PROPOSALS ARE MADE
They Practically Affirm AL That Has
So Far Been Dona
Bulgaria To Re Independent, Also
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 90 Realize Her
MISUNDERSTANDING Provid-
ed as To the Dardanelles.

Three great powers. Great Britain.
Russia and France have reached an
agreement on a programme 20 be sub
mitted to the other powers as basis
for the discussion AT the proposed Eu.
ropean conference to settle the Balkan
situation. The proposals TO be laid be-
fore the powers are eight Ia number
The first Is TO the effect that articles
to % OF the treaty OF Berlin, which
relate to Bulgaria and eastern Rune
liza. shall be replaced by stipulations
recognizing the independence OF Bul.
garia as az present constituted and de.
termining the financial obligations OF
Bulgaria toward Turkey. New clauses
probably will settle also the question
OF the Oriental railway.
VIII Give Crete What She Wants
The second and third proposals are
that the powers shall take note OF the
annexation OF Bosnia and Herzegovina
by Austria Hungary, and OF the return
OF the sanjak OF Novipazar to Turkey
The fourth article relates 10 Crete. II
replaces article % of the treaty OF Der
lin with clauses recognizing the annex
alton OF Crete 10 Greece and determin-
ing the financial obligations OF Greece
In respect 20 Crete toward Turkey. II
is understood that the four powers
under whose protection Crete has been
Russia. Great Britain. France and
Italy-will settle with Turkey before
referring II TO the conference.
Montenegro Gets Her Sovereignty.
Tie fifth proposal Is 10 the effect
that arrangements similar to the fore.
going shall apply to the Armenian pro-
vinces OF Turkey. The sixth article |
deals with Montenegro. Montenegrin |
rights OF sovereignty are limited by ar
tlcle 20 OF the treaty OF Berlin. II Is |
proposed that articles 26 70 30 OF the
treaty shall be condensed into single
article. abrogating all the restrictions
imposed by the treaty under the orig
inal article %. which II is proposed TO
sweep away
Provides for Compensation.
The seventh proposal anirms the de.
STABILITY Of giving compensation 10
Seryia and Montenegro, hut withou'
specifying the means. and the eighth
concerns the River Danube and de.
clares II TO be desirable 10 revise the
regulations governing traffic so as 10
give larger rights 10 the states border
ng on the river. There Is nothing IN
The proposals about the Dardanelles.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08

to enable him to form an adequate
judgment of the case.
Coupled with this carefulness and
completeness of investigation, regis
tration, and adequacy of judgment is
the Belgian system for the punish
ment of Migrants, which differs so es-
sentially from our Opportunist meth
DDS as to be staggering at first to con-
template. We bunch" our Migrants
in law. In New York state the man
with no money, no work, and no visi-
bic means Of support is vagrant.
That such a man is not often jailed,
unless the case is aggravated by
other factors, is not the fault of the
law, so to speak, but is due to the I'M
willingness Of magistrates to commit
the unemployed homeless, or to the
Indifference of the authorities. But in
Belgium the state Of mo work, no
home, no money is not a crime, un-
less there is added to that the state of
intentional idleness.
ID UT when Belgium does commit a
- vagrant, then woe to the liberty of
that vagrant for long period! Con-
viction is to a depot de mendicite for
from two to seven years. The depot
de mendicite is at Merxplas, a great
industrial colony with accommodations
for about 5000 prisoners. Here there
occurs a classification, the worst ele-
ments being at night placed in soil
tary confinement and otherwise placed
under strict discipline. Intensive Ia
Dor is carried on, the work being
graded according to the physical abili-
ty of the individual inmates.
The Belgian treatment of Migrants
brings out prominently several facts
In the first place, Belgium believes in
getting Migrants on the streets and
highways. Some years ago the minis
ter of justice declared that there was
no vagabondage in Belgium. This
statement needs interpreting. There
is probably fairly little vagrancy
along the highways. because every
vagrant must be apprehended and
made to show cause through his pa
pers, or by the absence of a record at
Brussels, why he should not be sent to
the depot de nsendicite. The fact that
Merxplas contains about 5000 in
mates, and that the average period of
detention is Is months, and that the
majority of the inmates are returned
to Merxplas for succeeding oTenses
of vagrancy, shows that yagrapcy in
Belgium is not eradioated from the So
cial body, but removed as much as
much as possible from society.
G ECONDLY, Belgium does not "
y gard all Migrants alike. IF there
are extenuating circumstances, or II
the case of vagrancy seems the result
Of physical incapacity. TIE apprehend.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08

I'm Birmingham, Ala, 240 men In 70
cells; % women in ten cells.
The inmates of jails are chiefly or ITO
classes-those awaiting trial and con-
victed misdemeanants. The ordi-
nary term Of convicted misdemean-
ants, Migrants and inebriates is too
short for any sort Of industrial train
ing or systematic production. A care
full study Of the situation in all parts
Of the land has long ago driven many
to the conclusion that we must have
district labor colonies or warehouses;
for those convicted Of offenses, and
that. the term Of degenerates must be
at least two years, if we really intend
to- fit them for useful lives"
r HE committee plainly shows that
under present conditions and laws
the county Jail must provide for males
and females; children, youth and
adults; first offenders, habitual crimi-
nails, vagabonds, prostitutes; wit
nesses held for their testimony; poor
debtors. whose crime is their poverty;
idiots, imbeciles, insane, epileptics,
persons arrested on suspicion, and
apoplectics whom the sapient police
man could not distinguish from drunk
ards. All these, says the report, are
often under one roof and management,
in building so built that cries and
whispers travel along a corridor with
cages open at the side.
Now, what chance is there in the
average Jail for the reformation of the
imprisoned vagrant? We may think
that Jack London draws the long bow
in his picturesque descriptions Of life
on the road, but in his tale Of impris-
onment in the Erie county Jail he
never wrote Of such horrifying condi-
lions as are described by the report
OF the committee, of which Prof
Charles R. Henderson of the Univer-
sity Of Chicago was chairman. What
chance, above all, has the detained
witness or suspect, held in the jail for
his testimony, and innocent before the
law until he is proven guilty? What
chance has he Of not suffering con-
tamination and gaining hatred Of So
ciety that will not die? In many coun-
ty jails the only exercise enjoyed"
by the prisoners is in a common large
room, with steel grating separating it
from the surrounding corridors, and
called in Jail parlance the bull pen"
4 RE we not then in a wretched d.
"A lemma, we who urge that the
vagrant receive treatment that Nwill
deter and reform? Shall we, know
ing Jail conditions, allow him to roam
at large? But the vagrant habit is fos.
tered by idleness, mendicancy and the
absence of prosecution. Even as it is,
the unwillingness of many police Off
Gals or magistrates to prosecute
tramps is well known. When the
vagrant is told to get out of town or
be run in" he Of course decamps, and
the town finances are spared. while
the neighboring community receives
the shifted burden Yet if the con-
victed yagrant is sent to Jail he be-
comes a source of contamination to
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08

ed vagrant Is sent % maison de ref.
uge, which, besides acting an q kind
Of almshouse for the aged and handi.
capped, serves somewhat as do the
voluntary colonies OF Germany for
those wanderers who at the time Of
their coming within the law ara unfft
through ignorance, illness or ineficien-
cy to make their living.
Thirdly, Belgium does not expect
that any large proportion Of its vag.
rant population win be reformed.
Most of the Migrants at Merxplas are
recidivistse repeaters, who have
reached their present position through
drink
Fourthly, Belgium believes that va
grancy, being a social disease devel-
oped through months and years. can
not be cured by 80 days of idleness IN
a demoralizing Jail. The average term
of detention is is months. long enough
to effect considerable cure, If cure
is possible.
In Germany and in Switzerland the
treatment OF the habitual vagrant is
similar to that prevailing in Belgium.
There are "a compulsory labor colo
MES in Germany, the average length
OF sentence being one year Numerous
industries are carried on and the cost
is comparatively small. These work
houses have diminished vagrancy,
while the "a voluntary labor colonies.
accommodating nearly 1000 persons,
show no evidence OF any substantial
improvement resulting from the time
spent in the colonies. In Switzerland
there are several compulsory colonies.
the sentences being from six months
to two years.
THE Swiss colony of WitzwyI, which
i Mr.. Edmond Kelly has recently de-
scribed in detail in his book on 1.-THE
Elimination of the Tramp" shows that
in a certain proportion OF cases the
inmates committed to a compulsory
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08
Is
WOnlan'S
Standard
Lowering?
BY IDA Hustled HARPER.

parts country while
the cigarette habit worked its devastation upon the
they Of the cradle Undurbed they have fellow
destruction by the hundreds of thousands swallowed
in the maintenance of orphan asums refomatori amsou
PRISONS police courts millions expended charities
streets made unsafe for citizens of description steadily
creasng all these the direct result The
croachment of this evil the of the lower classes has
the higher strata ahoug has
disease wrechness and greater deterioration of children hav
these conditions general lowering the
that should be the pride of a city,
Now that such the beginning of laxy the rigid
that has heretofore the Of their social world will
they be aroused realize the situation exists throughout the
munty? 1t solution ordinance that shall not
smoke public that they shall
found that will reach far deeper than this Girls likely
inherit vicious tendencies from fathers boys but hitherto
flexible public sentiment held women
put limits
complete change place po-
son removing the old time restraints directions
question far off whether this public
tey relaxed whether it shall
gard In either this question will be largely by
themselves.
body of between the
highest the social scale who do and the
wholly reprensb
habts-he smoking drinking gamblinghat have gained
hold these other two classes The vast body of between these
sincerely DESTROYS that should
BY these dmorazing way that is by mi
mating themselves from the whole social body
be through the influence of the
societies the better element themselves
supported by legislation and force which
of the laws after they made At
country WHOLE stand ready supply this needed
given political power which
will constitute this moral element the
the chances of their doing would be vastly increased
permitted now while there uncertainty to help law the
higher standard Of public and private morality
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08

labor colony do not reform and rejoin
the ranks of the industrial army. A
trained English investigator stated
recently, regarding Witzwyl, that
there is no doubt that the fact of hav
ing worked hard for year Or IS
months makes a man apt to get into
the habit of working. and this is be-
lieved to be the actual result in
Switzerland.
What, then, shall we say regarding
the treatment OF vagrancy in the Uni
ted States? First, that at present 1t
is thoroughly inadequate As stats
tics and the accompanying diagrams
show, 81 per cent. of the commitments
to penal institutions are to county
jails and warehouses In which the
conditions are often exceptionally
bad. Drunkenness, vagrancy and dis
orderly conduct were responsible for
more than half the commitments dur.
ing 1904 to penal institutions I'm the
United States. For these three OF
lenses the county jails and work
houses, to which the large majority Of
offenders are committed, offer prac.
tically no Informative Influences Fof
more serious crimes, such as burglary,
robbery. assault. forgery. etc. there
are reformatories and state prisons, in
which latter institutions some reform
atory influence II felt
THE sentences for vagrancy arc IN
over 80 per cent Of tho cases for
six months or less. and the largest
percentage OF commitments f. saowa
to be for less than one month. No
cure for vagrancy can be had under
such conditions. New York state
leads all other states of our country
in the number OF It's commitments Tor
vagrancy. The burden Of v4grancy in
the United States was represented in
1904 by over %, 300 commitments, b
| ing about 20 per cent Of an commit
| ments to penal institutions during
that year.
This brief resume Of the present
conditions inevitably points to the
| necessity OF q material change In eur
system OF combating vagrancy. In
| this connection 1t Ii OF special inter
est that within recent months . bin
has been drafted in New York state
| providing for the establishment Of 0
farm colony upon lines very similar
to that OF the Swiss compulsory colo
ny, WitzwyL This bin. which has the
approval Of the leading charitable 30
cieties of New York city and OF sew
eral trunk lines Terminating In New
York, and which win be introduced
into, the next Legislature, provides for
the establishment in New York state
Of a compulsory labor colony. with In
discriminate sentence. regular labor,
reformatory Influences and caazsifc1
] ton Of prisoners.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08

by the things that she dapprove hand man
should intellectual influence
cause her to raise continually the Judges him
People should not without thorough understanding each
others disposition and character In marriage en-
tered into without thorough understanding part both the
man and woman to what the institution signifies
Happiness is simply incident cannot be made
the end without arriving the position that couples
may part as soon as their happiness The great marriage
the perpeuaon and development of the spiritual
The good of society demands that consider marriage permanent
bond The individuals happiness the welfare
OF the deny emphaaly that happiness highest aim of
marriage.
Marriage is natural tie and to consider peecing
and propagang of the is to misunderstood sepa
ton. but in divorce.
People enter into the married nowadays thought
than that of their bliss social side of the family
to blind chance
The true of marriage the growth
lng, OF the whole nature in the higher direction.
Marriage should be permanent for the sake of the children
husband and wife disagree they should make
agreement for the sake of their children.
child needs both its father and its mother greatest happ
those who happiness supreme
aim.
The best happiness that which incidentally pursuit
Of growth and development.
The best thing that husbands and
bring out the highest manhood and the
other.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08

ture of the ordinary Jail is radically
wrong, and offends against the laws of
health. Almost all the reports
from jails record the dull. mononton-
Gus, maddening tramp of prisoners
walking aimlessly up and down the
corridor. . 1t is the path of lunacy.
Why not have walled yards in the
open air. partly sheltered from rain,
covered over with steel wire to pre-
vent escape? But this plan is, rarely
thought Of Card playing is the
universal resource for passing the dull
and anxious waking hours
Many examples are given of Excess
awe ovsrcrowding.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08

AyEW YORK.-The course of the
N5 Migrants life is IN 4 vicious cir
Gle. Street, park bench, cheap
lodging house, court, Jail, street,
brake-beam, court, Jail, ETC.; SO it
goes, from month to month, from hand
to mouth, from city to city. More &C
curately stated, the Migrants course
is spiral and downward, with accel-
Grated momentum toward demoraliza-
ton, disease and death. Along his
road are certain rescue stations
charitable societies, missions, curb
stone breadlines, industrial homes,
personal visitations in alcoholic wards.
These are efforts to extend the help
ing hand, to switch the vagrant from
the circular track to the straight
ahead line" But generally the mo-
mentum is too great Failures are re-
corded far in excess of even imagined
successes writes o. F. Lewis of the
Charity Organization society in. the
New York Times.
When we seek, by Imprisonment, to
deal with the individual "vag," what
do we find? Generally ineffective, in
adequate, unjust methods of punish
meat, so futile as to be ridiculous,
were they not so tragic. We find cor
rectional methods in Jail that, instead
of correcting. debase, methods as
vagrant as are the prisoners. We be-
lleve that each man who is able
should contribute his share OF the
days work. Nature abhors a vacuum,
and the community in general abhors
the constitutional idler. If the drone
work not. neither shall he eat. We
believe that crime should be punished
Vagrancy is a crime under the law.
Punishment is generally and neces-
sarily effected by the restraint of lib
erty, within penal institution. Vag-
rants are imprisoned generally in jails
Or warehouses;.
But how2
What are the conditions Of Ameri.
can JaIIs2
Do they check Vaerancy?
Do they punish justly?
Do they reform?
"A made public which is a scathing
arraignment of conditions in a great
majority of American county jails, all
the more scathing and staggering be-
cause made after a careful investiga-
tion by committee of the National
Prison Congress. which does not seek
sensationalism. The following para
graphs are almost random quotations
from the report:
IF the only or chief purpose Of jails
were to keep wild beasts in cages.
most Of the jails are we'll enough
adapted for this purpose The
customary mode of serving food is re-
voting. -demoralizing and often dan
gerous to health. Often we must
Imagine bunk over bunk, in the same
cell or cage, crowded until the horrors
of stencil or suffocation are indescrib-
able. . . . Under an open jail system
the filthiest. vilest prisoner Furnishes
or fortunes these who have not yet
sunk to his level. t.. The very struc-
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1908-07-08

other inmates, and in addition he is
often glad to hibernate or spend a few
weeks where warmth. food, idleness
and the company of vicious fellows is
assured. Are we not often, by admin
istering the law, condemning the vag-
rant to further depths of degeneracy !?
What do the reports of chiefs of no.
lice show? The writer recently re-
ceiyed extended reports from so
chiefs, representing as many different
cities, representative of large and
small municipalities. The letters
showed that in most instances vag-
rants are committed to jails, less fire.
Quently to warehouses;. and in a few