davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10

''In Birmingham, Ala, 240 men In 70
cells; rs women In ten cells. e.
The inmates OF jails are chiefly OF -Vo
classes-those awaiting trial and con-
victed misdemeanants. The ordi-
nary term OF convicted misdemean.
ants, vagrants and inebriates is too
short for any sort OF industrial train
ing or systematic production. A care
full study OF the situation in all parts
of the land has long ago driven many
to the conclusion that we must have
district labor colonies or warehouses;
for those convicted of offenses, and
that the term OF degenerates must be
at least two years, II we really intend
to fit them for useful lives"
r HE committee plainly shows that
i under present conditions and laws
the county Jail must provide for males
and females; children, youth and
adults; first offenders, habitual crimi-
nails. vagabonds, prostitutes; wit.
nesses held for their testimony; poor
debtors whose crime is their poverty;
idiots, imbeciles, insane. epileptics,
persons arrested on suspicion, and
apoplectics whom the sapient police
man could not distinguish from drunk.
ards. All these, says the report, are
often under one roof and management,
In building so built that cries and
whispers travel along a corridor with
cages open at the side.
Now, what chance is there in the
average jail for the reformation of the
imprisoned vagrant? We may think
that Jack London draws the long bow
in his picturesque descriptions of life
on the road, but in his tale of impris-
onment in the Erie county Jail he
never wrote OF such horrifying condi-
tions as are described by the report
OF the committee, of which Prof.
Charles II. Henderson of the Univer.
sity OF Chicago was chairman. What
witness or suspect. held In the Jail for
his testimony, and innocent before the
law until he Is proven guilty? What
chance has he OF not suffering con-
tamination and gaining hatred Of SO
ciety that will not die? In many coun-
ty jails the only exercise enjoyed"
by the prisoners is in common large
room, with steel grating separating 1t
from the surrounding corridors, and
called in Jail parlance the bull PEN"
4 RE we not then in wretched di-
"A lemma, we who urge that the
vagrant receive treatment that will
deter and reform? Shall we, know
ing Jail conditions, allow him to roam
at large? But the vagrant habit is fos
tered by idleness, mendicancy and the
absence OF prosecution. Even as 1t is,
the unwillingness Of many police Off
cials or magistrates to prosecute
tramps is well known. When the
vagrant is told to 'get out of town or
be run in" he of course decamps, and
the town finances are spared, while
the neighboring community receives
the shifted burden. Yet IL the con.
victed vagrant is sent to Jail he be-
comes source of contamination to
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10

labor colony do not reform and rejoin
the ranks of the industrial army. A
trained English investigator stated
recently. regarding Witzwyl, that
there is no doubt that the fact Of hav.
ing worked hard for a year or IS
months maker a man apt to get into
the habit of working. and this IL be
lieved to be the actual result in
Switzerland
the treatment of vagrancy in the Uni
ted States? First, that at present IL
is thoroughly inadequate. AS stats
tics and the accompanying diagrams
show, 67 per cent. of the commitments
TO penal institutions are to county
jails and warehouses; in which the
conditions are often exceptionally
bad. Drunkenness, vagrancy and dis
orderly conduct were responsible foI
more than half the commitments dur
ing 1904 to penal institutions in the
United States. For these three Oh
fenses the county iails and work
houses. to which the large majority Of
offenders are committed, offer prac.
tically no reformative influences. For
more serious crimes, such as burglary.
robbery, assault, forgery. etc.. there
are reformatories and state prisons. in
which latter institutions some reform.
| atory influence is felt.
THE sentences for vagrancy are In
1 n ~ thA ~ for
| six months or less, and the largest
percentage Of commitments is shown
| to be for less than one month. No
| cure for vagrancy can be had under
such conditions. New York state
leads all other states Of our country
in the number Of it's commitments for
vagrancy. The burden OF vagrancy Ia
the United States was represented In
1904 by over $4,000 commitments. be-
ing about 20 per cent. of all commit
ments to penal institutions during
that year.
This brief resume of the presen,
conditions inevitably points to the
necessity of material change In ouI
system of combating vagrancy. In
this connection II Is of special inter
est that within recent months bill
has been drafted in New York state
providing for the establishment Of {
farm colony upon lines very similal
to that of the Swiss compulsory colo
ny, Witzwyl. This bill, which has the
approval of the leading charitable so
cieties Of New York city and of sew
eral trunk lines terminating in New
York, and which will be introduced
into the next legislature, provides To-
the establishment In New York stat'
Of compulsory labor colony, with in
determinate sentence. regular labor
reformatory influences and classiica
tion CT prisoners.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10
MAKING DAT HAY.
What the Experience Of One Farmer
Has Taught Him.

When the hull or the grain on top
of the head begins to turn yellow is
the time begin to make oat hay. At
this time these top grains are In the
dough state, and the remainder Is
mostly in the milk, and the stalks and
blades are still green, writes corre-
spondent in the Farmers Voice. While
as usual thing stock does not relish
oat hay as much as mixed timothy or
clover. find it to be a good substi-
tute.
Il must be well cured, as II Is one
of the worst crops to draw dampuess,
heat and mold. II should never he
put into the barn when the leait
tough or damp. | have made good
deal of oat hay and find 1t fairly good
IL cut at the right time and properly
handled. Many farmers allow 1t to
get too ripe to make the best OF hay.
When allowed to almost mature there
will be a greater amount OF grain. 1t
can be more easily cured, there will
be less danger from molding. but i.
will not be oat hay; IL will be oats
in the straw. When handled this way
the animals will eat the grain readily,
but will only eat the straw when
driven to 1t by hunger and will get
but little good out of 1t. Nor should
they be cut while too green. as in
that case II will be very hard to cure
sufficiently, while green oats cut in the
milk makes very good feed for milk
cows h,.+ the curing ia very difficult
owing to the long period necessary for
properly drying and the difficulty Of
getting good weather. II is absolutely
necessary that the fodder be thor
oughly dried before storing.
When the surface OF the ground Is
smooth ! cut the oats with a mower,
and let them remain several days,
then turn them over, repeating this
operation until thoroughly dry. IL
usually takes me about week to cure
my oats properly. When the weather
is not favorable and | fear rain be-
fore they have time to dry In the win
dows. I build very large cocks, and
build them so as to turn the water as
much as possible. These cocks will go
through a sweat and may stand II
necessary two or even three weeks,
after which they must be stacked or
put into the barn. When unloading
every two loads can be salted literally
and tramped down, 1t will then go
through another sweat Such hay
when fed with clover will prove excel
lent for horses and cattle.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10
MAKING CREAM CHEESE.
How the Farmers Family Can Enjoy
Choice Homemade Article.

We make our own cheese for home
who do not know how to make this
highly nutritious food will give our
method, writes farmer in Farm and
Home. To make a three-pound cheese
that Is good after four weeks. and bet
ter with age, We take five gallons milk,
cream and all, IL it has set for a while,
and heat till about milk warm.
We then dissolve one-half of No
rennet tablet in half teacupfui OF
cold water stir 1t well into the milk.
and addzone tablespoonful salt to the
milk, and then stir. We remove IL
from the fire and let stand from three
10 six minutes, when il becomes thick,
like clabber. AS soon as 1t becomes
solid Dlabber it is ready to break up
We then stir the clabber, or curd. al
II Is called. which separates the curl
from the whey, and let it stand until
the curd settles TO the bottom.
With the hand We press the pieces,
say one inch thick, put into a crock,
and over it pour hot water. II Is then
SiLTcu Win opooi, anu iSt oNt 'iii
it seems tough, like leather. which
will be in about three minutes. Wo
again cut in pieces, as it has run to-
gether, salt as for butter. and it Is
ready to be pressed.
For the press we take gallon
syrup can and melt off both ends, and
make ends for the can from oneinch
boards to just fit inside. We set the
can over one board and line 1t with
well-greased cloth, long enough to
fold over the top. Pour in the curd,
fold over the cloth. and put on the
other board. 1t is then set where IL
can drain, 15-pound weight is placed
on top, left for "a hours, and then
removed from the press. We take
Off the cloth and grease the cheese,
lay it on a plate in a screened box
and grease and turn 1t every day un-
til it is ready to use.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10

AyEw YORK.-The course Of the
III vagrant's life is in n vicious cir
IN Gle. Street, park bench. cheap
lodging house, court, jail, street,
brake.beam, court. Jail. etc; SO 1t
goes. from month to month. from hand
to mouth, from city to city More ae.
curately stated, the vagrants course
IS spiral and downward, with accel-
Grated momentum toward demoraliza-
ton. disease and death. Along his
road are certain rescue stations
charitable societies, missions, curb
stone breadiines. Industrial homes,
personal visitations In alcoholic wards.
These are efforts TO extend the help
ing hand, to switch the vagrant from
ahead line" But generally the mo.
mentum is too great Failures are re.
corded far In excess OF even imagined
successes writes o. +. Lewis of the
Charity Organization society in the
New York Times.
When we seek. by imprisonment, TO
deal with the individual "vag," what
do We find? Generally ineffective, In.
adequate. unjust methods of punish
msnt, so futile as TO be ridiculous,
were they not so tragic. We find cor
rectlonal methods in Jail that, instead
OF correcting, debase. methods as
vagrant as are the prisoners we be-
iieve that each man who Is able
should contribute his share OF the
days work. Nature abhors vacuum,
and the community in general abhors
the constitutional idler IL the drone
work not, neither shall he eat We
believe that crime should be punished.
Vagrancy Is crime under the law.
Punishment is generally and neces-
sarily effected by the restraint of lib
erty. within a penal institution. vag-
rants are imprisoned generally In jails
or warehouses;.
But how7
What are the conditions Of Ameri.
can JalIs7
Do they check vaorancy7
% they punish justIyf
Do they reform7
A N ANSWER has recently been
~ made public which is a scathing
arraignment Of conditions in a great
majority of American county jails, all
the mere scathing and staggering be-
cause made after n careful investiga.
ton by committee of the National
Prison Congress. which does not seek
sensationalism. The following para.
graphs are almost random quotations
from the report:
III the only or chief purpose OF jalls
were to keep wild beasts in cages
most OF the jails are well enough
adapted for this purpose The
customary mode of serving food is re-
voting, demorallzing and often dan
gerous to health. . Often we must
imagine bunk over bunk, In the same
cell or cage. crowded until the horrors
OF stencil or suffocation are indescrib.
sakla> Under an open jail system
,sne fllthIest. vilest prisoner Furnishes
or tortures those who have not yet
sunk to his level. l.. The very struc.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10

ture of the ordinary jail Is radically
wrong. and offends against the laws of
health. Almost all the reports
from jails record the dull. mononton-
Gus. maddening tramp of prisoners
walking aimlessly up and down the
corridor. II is the path of lunacy.
Why not have walled yards In the
open air partly sheltered from rain,
covered over with steel wire to pre-
vent escape? But this plan is rarely
thought OF. Card playing is the
universal resource for passing the dull
and anxious waking hours"
Many examples are given of exces-
sive overcrowding.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10

other inmates, and In addition he is
often glad to hibernate or spend few
weeks where warmth. food. idleness
and the company of vicious fellows is
assured, Are we not often, by admin
istering the law. condemning the vag-
rant to further depths of degeneracy?
What do the reports OF chiefs Of po-
lice show? The writer recently re.
ceived extended reports from 80
chiefs, representing as many different
cities. representative of large and
small municipalities. The letters
showed that In most instances vag-
rants are committed to jails, less fire.
Quently to warehouses;, and In a few
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10
A Good Jcinted Gate.

person can pass through easily with.
out opening the big gate. When the
main gate is to be opened the short
brace is lifted with the foot and lodged
on hook. The gate shuts against
short. post in the ground and a hool
and staple at this place makes II
steadier.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10
The Box Holder.

rod and punch two holes two inches
apart. the size of copper rivets. The
box is then riveted to the rod and when
1t is placed in the ground both hands
are free for picking.
Use of the device shown in the ac-
companying illustration above de-
scribed, says the Prairie Farmer, will
be found to add good many quarts
OF berries in the course of a days
picking.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10
, Planting Potatoes.

A reader wants ITO know when pota-
toes slould be planted IL they are
GROWN extensively. At the same time
they are planted when grown on a
small scale. The right time is usually
as early in the spring as the ground
can be properly worked. and not be-
fore.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10
BOX HOLDER FOR BUSH BERRIES.
Provides Receptacle for Berries and
Leaves Both Hands Free to Pick.

Make a box of crate material 6lzx7
inches, and three inches deep. Sharp
en- a wagon box rod at the lower end,
and six inches from the top flatten the
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10
PROBLEM OF THE
AMERICAN TRAMP
HOW SHALL VAGRANCY EVIL BE CHECKED? g?

Laws of Various States Have Proved Unequal to the
Task-Elaborate System for the Cure of Habtual
Idleness in Force on the Continent of Europe-Is
Striking Contrast to the Futile Efforts That Have
Been Made Here in the United States.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10

Scrubs, Grades or Pure BREEDS?
The scrub hen and the scrub farm
er make scrub team; the grade hci
and the grade farmer make a gra IL
team; pure bred teams always attrse
attention.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10

Instances 10 the penitentiary. Boston,
Lowell and other Massachusetts, towns
report sending some vagrants 10 the
state farm. where there is a nine
months sentence. In these iails and
warehouses the labor required. when
there is any. consists generally Of
breaking stone In quarry or in Jail
yard, roadmaking, cbaircaning. chair
making and farm work. This work is
"on paper" There is little or no ef-
fort made to bring reformative influ.
ences 10 bear on those serving short
sentences or to teach a trade. Even
at the Massachusetts, state farm.
where the workhouse conditions are
far better than in most correctional
institutions where misdemeanants OF
the vagrant or inebriate class are con-
fined, the industries maintained seem
to be far more largely carried on as
sentences than as chances to earn
a living.
MANY Of the cities use the Bertillon
IVA system OF Identification measure
ments. One chief reports asking the
usual questions" another the name
and address"-as though a vagrants
name and address would be of value.
What contrast is this to the elabor
ate Belgian system for the identifica-
ton of vagrants, which centers in the
easier centrale de vagabondage," a
general Identification bureau at Brus-
sells? In Belgium the process Of trying
an arrested vagrant is speedy and
thorough. AS soon as the police arrest
vagrant they communicate by tele-
graph with Brussels. Within n few
hours there is sent back from Brus-
sells by telegraph full description Of
the vagrant and of his previous career,
If anything Of the prisoner is on rec
ord. On the following morning the
magistrate, who is graduate of the
university, has before him sufficient
material about this particular vagrant
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-09-10
A JOlNTED GATE.
Very Handy for Farmers, as He Does
Not Have to Handle Big Gate.

A gate that is used much is handy
when made with hinged joint so a
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-12-02
-
FAITH.

November 26.-At the home of
Mr.. and M-s. L. Adolphus Giants
vas the scene of q quiet wedding,
when their daughter, Miss Ada
Cant, was married to J. R.. Kuy-
kendall, Of Asheville, N. c., by
Rev. W. P. Southern, of Sails
bury. The ceremony took place
in the parlor in the presence of a
number of their friends and rela-
tives. A dinner followed the
ceremony. The attendants were
Miss Nellie Cant and Charles
Hampton. The pictureman took
a picture of all present. Mr.. and
Mrs. Kuykendall left for Asheville
to spend several days among the
groom's people.
A crowd of young people passed
through Faith today taking a
strawride from Salisbury. Among
the number were the Mertz boys,
Lyon Sloop, Mr., Kestler, Mr..
Terrytield, Cora Linten, Henry
Trexler and others. Sightseeing
out on the granite belt.
Rev. G. B. Heller preached the
Thanksgiving sermon at the Lu-
theran church here to-day, assist
ed by Rev. G. B. Fisher. A collec-
tion was taken for the Nazarath
Orphans Home at Crescent.
Harvey Basinger and Miss Pearl
Rogers we're married at the Luz
theran parsonage tonight, Novem-
Der Goth, by Rev. G. P. Fisher.
They drove there, we're married
and immediately departed, It
was a surprise. They Slipped up
on us mere at falth. we went TO
9 the ceremony, but were a few
minutes too late. We with them
a long and happy life and hope
they will come to Faith to live.
The large overhead crane, for
handling large granite blocks, has
arrived and been hauled to the
quarry shed of the Albert Lee
Pink Granite Co. here.
Peeler, Bame & Co. have just
been awarded the contract to cut
a large fine granite vault to go to
High Point, N. c., and have a
crowd Of cutters on it.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-12-02
Neglect Of Family Religion.

The family is the unit of the
church and the commonwealth.
AS is the majority Of the families
in them, so is the church and the
state. If the families are without
piety, the church has a "form of
goodness, while denying the
power thereof" If the families
are devoid OF godliness, the nation
is practically atheistic ard god
less. An impious community or
nationality is on the high-rcad
to destruction, and is digging it's
own grave.
If you want examples look at
Sodom when overwhelmed with
fire and birthstone, Israel at the
time of the Babylonish captivity,
and at revolutionary France, when
smitten Of God for manifold sins.
Rev. H. G.. Hill.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-12-02
GOLD KNOB.

December 1.-Junius failed to
get his Thanksgiving turkey.
Several of the boys from Mt.
Pleasant spent Thanksgiving at
home.
Mrs. Eva 1rexler is spending a
few days with her son, J. c Trek
Ter, on Chestnut Hill.
John Miller has just completed
a dam across the creek, near his
house, for the purpose of running
his machinery by water instead Of
steam.
We are glad to see that things
have opened up at Court House
Hill.
Miss Roxie Trexler and Miss
May Sloop spent Saturday night
at home.
A few Of the boys went out
hunting the other day and as
Willie Holshouser was shooting
his gun, thu barrel burated and
bruised his ::arm considerably.
Willie has heen suffering consid.
erably from the accident.
l guess Hawk enjoyed his turkey
dinner on Thanksgiving, as Junius
saw him in Salisbury last Satur-
day and he seemed to be ve1y we'll
pleased.
Marcus Lyerly has started to
school at Crescent.
Harvey Park, who is working at
Greensboro, is spending a few
days at home.
G. Fl. Lyerly visited at N. G..
Parks last Saturday evening.
S. T. Trexiar, of Spencer, visit
ed nome-foiks last Sunday.
[ wcnder what has become of
Blue Eyes ah'j Patsy? I guess
they are busy making quilts.
JUNIUs.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-12-02
Notice to Non. Resident,

North Carolina, Rowan county,
IN Superior Court, before the Clerk.
Harriet G. Sechler VS. Stokes Sechl y,
Lee Sechler and others.
NOTICE TO NONRESIDENT.
To Lee Sechler, take notice:
You are hereby notified that sum
mons has been issued and petition filei
in the above entitled cause against all
of the heirs-at-law of R. s. W. Sechler
and William Sechler for the purpose OF
selling house and lot and one vacant
lot in the town of China Grove for par
tition and division and to pay to Har-
riet G. Sechler the value of her life
interest therein and pay the residue to
the heirs-at-law, and that said sum-
mons and bearing will be had on De-
cember the 9Th, 1908, and that unless
you appear and answer OF demur and
show cause, if any. why said lands
should not be sold as prayed for, the
petition will be heard ex parte as to
you and the relief demanded therein
will be granted.
Herein fail not. This October 9Th,
1908.
j. FRANK MoCUBBINe,
Clerk Superior Court Rowan county.
R. Lee Wright, attorney. 1928 81
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1908-12-02
KItchin's Inauguration.

1t was agreed that the inaugur.
alton of Hon. W. W. Kitchin az
Governor of North Carolina will be
on January 70. Mr.. Glenn and
Mr.. Kitchin have just reached
this agreement. MI. Kitchin want.
ed the Inauguration January 10 OF
Al, but Governor Glenn has impor.
tant business engagements in
Washington on these dates and
Mr.. Kitchin yielded to the
wishes of Governor Glenn for in
auguration to be January IL.
The legislature meets January 6
and will on the 9Th, in compliance
with the requirements of the con-
stitution canvass the vote and de-
clare Mr.. Kitchin's election as pre-
liminaries to the inauguration
four days later