The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1908-11-13

10 estimated at inward of OOO but as many of
employed part of the in other fisheries farming
etc. definite statistics not available Baltimore is the
extensive market and New YORK has considerable
export trade with Europe. ,s
The native oyster of the Pacific coast is small thin
sheed species. 1901 159340 bushels valued at $751;
1872 were marketed principally the Pacific coast
The European oyster is found from Italy to Norway.
is round thinsheed species, more shapey than the
American Species hermaphroditic, first female and
afterwards male prolific than its American rela
tive and young undergo considerable development in
the chamber of the mother 1t thrves in water
of full or almost full, organic density.
The oysters of Japan occur in shallow and moderately
moderately salt water throughout the whole
archipelago and large salt water species is found
in deep water Many other species of Ostrea found
temperate and tropical throughout the world
The oyster family appears to have had its origin
in some imperfectly known FORMS The family is found
in Perman In the Trassic it is represented
by a strongly pcated form, Aectryonia which form
prominent in the Jurassic and
There are also the arcuate shells of Gryphae
and Exogyra in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Osrea
itself known in the Mesozoc but it attained its maxi
mum of size and abundance in the Tertiary The sandy
of this period in the southwestern United States
often contain great numbers of very large specimens
of oysters Owing the exhaustion of the natural beds
and their inability supply the demand for oysters 1t
been found to resort to artificial methods
of production, efecng "a increase in the number OF
eggs fertzed (2 increase in the surfaces available
fxaion and also of the number of spat attaching
60 the saving of spat and young oysters which would
naturally fall victims to enemies and adverse physca
ulinAoIioh ooe'oAAo
and naturally unavailable food supplies. But small
part of the under water suitable for oysters has
been utilized by nature mainly for lack of suitable bodies
for the attachment of the young In the United States
such bottom is utilized by clearing 1t of all rub
bsh and either planting cultch to collect the spat or
else young oysters (seed that they may improve in
size shape and quality under conditions safer and
more favorable than in their original environment In
certain places either method succeed but commonly
a locality is better adapted to than the other.
The suitable bottom for oyster culture consists OF
firm mud or of substratum with thin surface OF
soft mud stable sandy bottom Is usually deficient
in food sand drifts and the oysters, and
very soft ingulfs and stiles them produces In
feror eongate stock Mud naturally too soft may be
utilized by distributing 1t shells, sand or other ma
teral which, resting the surface furnishes
a firm foundation upon which the growing oyster may
repose security. For spatcoecting 1t is frequently
advantageous to hard mud, gravel rocky bottom
in shoa water, ill adapted to adult oysters from de-
fciency food. The bottom being properly prepared
and its boundaries marked with stakes buoys either
system may be adopted to accord with circumstances
Generally seedplantng is certain in its results and
yields quicker to the Seedoysters vary
from blsters" oneha inch in diameter to individuals
almost ready market but ordinarily they between
inches long. They obtained from plant
making specially of seed production or from natural
BEDS varying from ten cents to 81 per bushe
larger culled stock separate well shaped and free
from rubbish bringing higher prices and giving the best
results.