davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

100000, in addition to it's local traffic,
which will probably be considerable.
Lobito bay. where the road starts, has
a wide and deep harhOr There is already
quite town there. The railroad has
It's offices and there are warehouses, res
taurants and a hotel. The company has
erected a hospital. 1t will build steel
piers. and will probably make that place
OF the chief ports of entrance for
western Africa Half dozen different
lines of steamships are already calling
there. and the tonnage entered has
doubled within the past year The road
So far built is doing good business
Wien ii is completed there will probably
he an extension to the Cape to Cairo road.
which, at Tanganyika. will have its
connection with the road which the Ger
mans are now building from Oar es Sa-
laam, across German East Africa to Ujiji
so that one will be able to go across the
continent from west to east by steam.
Long before this Lobito road Is conf
pleted, these copper mines will probably
be connected with Broken Hill by branch
of the Cape to Cairo road and the first
ore will be shipped out over that road
by way Of Cape Town or Beira. The
Cape to Cairo syndicate has already sur
veyed the line of track from Broken Hill
to Mabaya an important point on the
kongo frontier. This is 200 miles from
Broken Hill, and the understanding is that
the copper syndicate will continue the line
from there through the copper belt to
Ruwe.
Prospecting in Rhodesia.
The Rhodesa Copper Company, which
operates the Broken Hill mines, has a
large number of properties scattered here
and there over this part of the world. Not
long ago 1t had 5000 claims registered,
and these were mostly lead. copper and
zinc There is plenty of 'iron about here,
and many of the streams carry some
gold. Broken Hill has several mining en-
gineers and a number of prospectors.
Prospecting in Rhodesia is far different
from the same business in our country.
Our mineral regions are usually broken
and mountainous. In northern Rhodesia
the country is comparatively level and
there are but few outcroppings. From
December to May the land is covered with
grass, which reaches so high~that man
riding on horseback through it cannot be
seen at a distance of one hundred feet.
This is in the wet season, when 1t rains
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

hour s rest dinner was served and they
went at il again Three more hours or
this after another short respite and IL
was time To serve water again. For the
first two or three days Il was bad but
their muscles got harder with each sue
ceeding day and the work apparently
grew lighter. Until the gulf stream was
struck the weather was all that couid
have been desired. but when they ran
into this torrent which sweeps from the
tropics to temper the northern blasts,
sultry temperature and fogs were added.
At one point they ran through heaVy,
rnurky fog for three days. and though the
boat was fairly we'll lighted and II did
not really add to the difficulties of their
work ii kept them cooped up below at the
times when before they had forgathered
on the decks and enjoyed the wonder OF
the starry heavens, which are seen IN
their fullest glory only from the deck Oh
an ocean steamer.
1T was hard all right. said DICK, 'but
when | think of the good times we had
lust at sunset or deck and of the times
we spent planning what we shoula 90
when we finally landed it doesn't seem SO
bad unless these memories are inter
spersed with thoughts of the near-meals
we got
Two of the boys" he said. were
lurkicr than the others. and | was one
of them One of the Virginia boys knew
a man who had gone over before and:
taking the advice offered, secretly slipped
the cook half dollar and when no one
was looking went forward to the galley
and was allowed the extreme joy Of eat
ing his fill from the pots and pans IN
which the captains and officers meals
were cooked. l was appointed night
watch and besides the regular meals
received during the day sat down TO
table with some of the officers at mid
night lunch / had little or nothing to do
and could sleep practically all the time L
was on this job
After sixteen days of this life, and dur
ing which time each had lost some SIX or
eight pounds in weight the boat locked at
London. England. and the boys hurried
ashore to the foreign offices of the steam
ship company and. wishing to spend two
weeks abroad instead of the one which Is
generally allowed such passengers. they
astounded the agent in charge and won
his admiration for Yankee nerve by tell
ing HINT was not a request-that they
wanted their time extended. Although
this is seldom if ever done. he compiled
without delay and the boys began their
adventures in foreign lands.
Landed in London.
Their first thought was to engage rooms,
and after their trying experience on
board ship where they had to be salts
fed with the most limited of accOmmoda-
tons. the small suite of three dingy
rooms. which had real beds and bedding
in them, and which they found at one of
the numerous Temperance hotels with
which London is plentifully supplied.
seemed Veritable palaces. 1t was in this
hotel that they spent their nights and
took breakfaSt-two rolls. probably an
egg and coffee-a mere bite to the average
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06
Fair Maids of Luxembourg
Lay Nets for Husbands
Special Correspondence Of The Star.

bn1ooLSA<C A06 uol ~, I+Ves'
A LTHOUGH the happy day is still
~ some months away the fair maids
. = of Luxembourg who have NOT yet
been fortunate enough to secure a nus
band have begun to prepare for Lovers
Fair" New dresses are being made old
ones repaired and all the suDtiebearts
known to womankind the world over are
being brought to bear upon the problem
of making the unattached daughters OF
the households irresistible in the eyss OF
the eligible young men. p9
Every year. the first Thursday in De-
cember, the peasants of this hilly province
flock into It's chief town. Arlon.s in char
abancs. carts and every other description
of vehicle, In order to attend the curious
ceremony The young people strike UP
acquaintance while their parents ex-
change condolences as to the possibility OF
a match. The young men. who are In
variably dressed in their best black
clothes offer presents to the girl of their
choice, and even go 80 far as to claim a
formal engagement. These operations
take place openly in streets. In houses OF
refreshment and In the public gardens
All this, however, is but a preliminary
and of but slight interest compared with
what follows. If two young people be-
come mutually attracted at this falr
the respective families apply to mar
Rage DTOhcT, OF DIS lie Is Cdieu, d hoaJ
Liam" This person becomes the hon
ored guest in the house of the parents OF
both contracting parties; he makes HIM
self acquainted with their exact social
position, their habits of life. their tastes;
transmits these details to the other
side" indicates how housekeeping may be-
best started on the given conditions; in
short, he fixes up the marriage. These
brokers or "holy men" are generally
counted as flrst-rate trenchmen and wine
swallowers. All the same. they are held
in considerable esteem by the two fam
ilies at whose tables they are accorded
the place of honor
A month later-that is to say. on the
first Thursday in the new year-there IL
a second fair at Arlon. Here the lovers
formally plight their troth, the families
give their mutual consent to the union
and the broker receives his remuneration
consisting of a commission on the
amount of the dowry. and. in accordance
with an ancient custom. a pair OF top
boots and top hat. AS the parties leave
the town in the evening it is easy, to see
by the number OF young girls loaded with
presents whether the holy men" have
done good business.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

their undershirts, to water two hundred
head of cattle and shake down the hay
for those animals which. by the time their
hunger was satisfied. the boys thought
resembled ravening wolves.
And this hay in the shaking down proc
ess had habit of getting down the backs
OF the boys and neceSsitating their re-
dressing. 1t had a habit. most vicious
habit of singing. too. for several hours
after the work was finished and all ap-
parent veStige of the sharp. stiff bearded
ends of the hay had been removed. For
the first two or three days out even with
the cravings of their stomachs for food
which could not be found on the starVa-
ton menu served to them the boys
thought at least that the work was not
hard. True. it was not hard, manual
abor but there were numerous unpleas-
ant features to this seemingly easy task
which did not appear until they were we'll
out to sea.
They found that feeding cattle on land
was much different proposition from the
same duties within the narrow confines
of the hold of "A small, Stuffy ship. which
rolled and lurched monotonously. and in
way which made the two Frederick Md.
boys remember the picture poStals lab
eled Everything going out. nothing com
ing in" Luckily Dick and CLANCY were
not affected similarly-at east-well any
way. why should they be doubted? Then
three of the boys developed slight cases
of what they thought to be hay fever
from the continuous inhaling of the dust
from: the hay. The steward was applied
to for directions, and telling them that it
was nothing. he gave each sufferer a
large dose of black, evil-smelling con-
coction which was afterward found out to
be used for anything from cholera to
colds
1T did have some effect. however" said
Dick. although it was a toSS-up between
long spell of slight illness and short
but most uncomfortable time. The taste
was awful and lasted for hours"
But what of the real work the de-
tails and side lights of the feeding of the
cattle!' Dick was asked a few days ago.
as he lounged luXuriously in a large Nor
ris chair immaculate in clean linen and
house gown and looking as Though he had
never seen real days work in his life.
The Call at Eight Bells.
Yes, 1 know just how you look at it."
he answered. You think we didn't have
to pile in and work like troopers. / don't
blame you bit, for if some one had told
me six months ago what I'd be doing at
the time I'd have told him he didn't know
what he was talking about. Say, maybe
you think you've done little bit of work,
but you haven't. No one who hasn't been
on a cattle ship has
We left pier in Baltimore about
o'clock in the evening and had nothing
to do that night but work out the problem
of getting much off the fleshy parts of
our anatomy possible, instead of the
lean portions. on what little hemp and
rope and loose straw we found on the
floor of our single large stateroom.'
Il had just dropped off to sleep and
thought it somewhere near midnight when
a bell that sounded as big as house was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06
Saving Timber for the Mines.

5a: bad51sH j.
best 7Kson go fridge are copper gold. tin and
iron! There are large deposits of stream
and, hqtitrtz ntin. AT Bulawayo / was
shUwR Tin nuggets the size of WalnutS
which 9cinl ei from the KOngo Free State,
and Also bars of pure tin which had been
sfneltfH thsre AT the present time only
the 'Smafltst OF furnaces can be used, as
the only, motive power is men. and the
pieces ofs machinery must be regulated
by Whit tWo men can carry. 1t VIII be
IMPOSSIBLE to do much with the mines
befoHre Pfs railroads are constructed. The
most 81 tie gold which has so far been
taken olt, comes from placer deposits
TIE grains range from dust to nuggets
the size Of ones finger, and they are alb
solutely pure. Something like three hun
dredo thousand dollars worth has been
washed Out
IS to the copper. it is of a high grade
The 'ayefage is from IL to ID per
cent fIep1re, and there is one place at
KatanGa where the ore runs as high as
ID per cent copper, and there is said 10
be any amount of it which runs ~ per
centBd MS
Is tie richest in Europe, contains only
about 3 per cent of copper; and IT Is SAID
that this African ore. even II 1t ran as
low as q per cent. would. notwithstanding
the great cost of transportation ana treat
ment, yield a profit wherever copper sells
made as to the value of the copper here
take into account only that above water
level and If half the statements are true
the deposits must be worth far more
than any others on the globe.
New Trans-African Railroad.
The King of Belgium and his associates
of this syndicate are now building rail-
road from Portuguese West Africa across
the continent to these mines This road
will be about 1900 miles long, and less
than 200 miles of it are already construct
ed. 1t begins at Lobito bay, near Ben
guella. in about the center of the prov
ince of Angola, and runs through the low
lands a short distance. climbing the hills
The grades go UP almost mile in the
first two hundred. and the road will pass
over three ranges of mountains before It
gets to the African plateau. 1t will cost
altogether thirty-five or forty million dol
lars but IL is estimated that IL will an
nually. carry minerals of the value of $5O,-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

and certain Belgian capitalists 10 per cent
of the stock. Since then the mines have
been partially surveyed and a railroad Is
now building which will connect them
with the Atlantic in Portuguese West
Africa The capital stock is only $4,000
600, but the possibilities of the company
are far beyond those of any other of the
great mining syndicates.
A Continent Rooted With Copper.
These mighty deposits form copper
roof to the lower part of the African con-
tinent. They lie on the height Of land
between the Kongo and the Zambesi. and
I'm that correspond TO the enormous min
eral deposits on the height of land OF
our continent. The great ridge of North
America comes 10 It's top just above Lake
Superior. A little farther north the ground
begins to fall toward Hudson bay. On
that ridge are the nickel mines of Sud-
bury, containing the greatest bodies of
that metal known to the world. A little
farther east are the immense silver de-
posts of cobalt, the metal lying in veins
on the very top of the rocks and so close
to the surface that you can polish it
with your heels as you walk over 1t. Be-
low on both sides of Lake Superior are the
enormous deposits of iron belonging to
our steel trust and also the famous Calu-
met and Hecla copper mines. which were
for q hong time the richest of their kind
in the world.
similar wealth of minerals exists on
this great ridge of South Africa. North
ern RhodesIa is peppered with copper and
iron Here at Broken Hill are hills of
lead and zinc which I describe further on
In this letter, and the syndicate which
owns them has found six thousand diff
ferent deposits of valuable minerals in
this colony The ore seems 80 grow richer
and more abundant near the top or the
ridge. and over in the konSo possessions
the whole country near the border Is
highly mineraliZed. ] am told that the
natives there have been mining copper
for generations past. They have smelted
the ore and have wrought from 1t their
hoes. spears and axes. Some of these
implements made by the natives are
shown here. Both handles and blades are
made of solid copper. l have copper
axe before me as 1 write. and a copper
hoe stands by my side.
On the Hongo watershed the copper
mines can be worked like quarrieS, and
they will probably be handled with steam
shovels when the railroad from Portu-
guese West Africa is finished. The ore
used by the natives comes from little
holes which have been dug in the noun
tains They have their own furnaces and
do much of their smelling with charcoal.
One of the chiefs has large number of
men and women at work, and is produc-
ing a number OF tons of copper year.
Speaking of the copper being on the
heigh, of land. while 1 was at khartum
In the Egyptian Sudan learned that
there are rich mineral deposits on the
ridge which forms the watershed of the
kongo and the Nile. and il may he that a
wealth of copper and iron exists there.
Copper, Gold, Tin and Iron.
So far the minerals found on the Fam,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

cannot penetrate them. They rise fifteen
feet above the walls and extend out over
them SO that there is no danger OF the
rains coming in The bungalows have
roofs of galvanized iron, which make
them hot at midday.
Many Of the native huts are equipped
with hammocks. beds and easy chairs.
Some of them have other little huts near
by which serve as kitchens and as the
homes OF the black servants. Compare
lively few OF the miners board at the
hotel. Several have their wives with
them but they are housed in the bunga-
lows. which are surrounded by gardens.
l understand that the climate Is healthy
and that one can live quite as well here
as in the mining regions farther south.
FRANK G. CARPENTER.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06
Copyright. 1905. by Frank G. earn inter,

AVE you heard Of the mountains
OF copper which are now being
developed just above here. in
the heart Of Central Africa ?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06
Lead Miners at Broken Hill.

so heavily that it is impossible to travel
rapidly OF to examine the surface of the
ground. 1t is only when the rains are
over that the prospecting begins. The
grass. which is soon parched and dry is
then fired. and the flames sweep over the
country burning everything close to the
ground. The fire scorches the bushes and
trees and makes the earth black. 1t thus
exposes any outcroppngS or rocks and
enables the prospectors TO see the various
formations The streams are first panned
and any minerals found are traced to the
mother lodes.
The Broken Hill Mines.
Take. for instance. these great mineral
deposits at the end of the Cape to Cairo
road They lie right out on the prairie.
The land is almost dead level, and with
the exception of a few hills that run up
to a height of less than 100 feet there
is no sign of minerals. The most of these
hills are so low that they cannot be seen
at a great distance, and they are usually
covered with grass. They rise right up
out of the plain like mounds. each indie
pendent of the other. There are seven
in sight of Broken Hill. and they all con-
sist of great bodies of zinc and lead. Take
hill No. /, over which 1 have just gone
with the miners 1t has at the base
diameter of about 800 feet, and it rises to
the height of a four-story house. 1t is
pear-shaped. rather than round, with the
lower half of the pear below the surface.
This mighty pear is composed of nothing
but lead and zinc ore. Two cross cuts or
tunnels have been run through 1t on a level
with the plain, and there is nothing but
lead or zinc all the way. The lead in the
main tunnel is IS per cent pure. and the
zinc runs over 8 per cent. the whole con-
tanning high Values throughout. By means
of a diamond drill the mine has been
tested for 100 feet below the surface. and
the drill is still in the ore. Behring'S in
the plain two miles to the southeast and
northwest have disclosed ore equally rich.
A Little Zinc Mountain.
After leaving the hill 1 went with Mr..
Donald, the mine manager, to another
about half mile distant over the plain.
This Is known as hill No 2. 1t Is ninety
feet high. containing about four times as
much ore above the surface AS the hill /
have mentioned. Its. ore is almost al
together zinc, the main body containing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

OF copper which are now being
developed just above here in
the heart of Central Africa
They cover a territory bigger
than the state of Ohio and they consist
OF two great belts 800 miles long So far
more than 100 copper mines have been
discovered, and the mining engineers say
that there are already more than 1000 coo
tons of copper in sight. They estimate the
value OF the ore exposed at over 81 600
HO,uO. In the same regions there are
tin mines running through belt of more
than $50 miles. The tin Is high grade
carrying the value Of Sl20 to the ton. and
that In sight is estimated at $4,000 900.
In addition TO this there are gold mines
there which are now yielding 1000 ounces
month and the gold carries platinum
and palladium of high grade
These wonderful deposits are In what is
known as the Tanganyika concession. a
tract of country in the kongo Free State
just across the Rhedesian border. They
belong TO the King of Belgium and a syn
dictate of English capitalists. led by Mr.
Robert Williams, who was practically
the discoverer of the mines and who or
ganized the company eight Or nine years
ago. Mr.. Williams became interested in
the mines OF northern Rhodesia. and he
got from Cecil Rhodes the right to locate
Loco mining claims with the proviso that
-the Chartered Company of British South
Africa was TO be entitled TO 80 per cent
OF all the minerals found. Mr. Rhodes
was induced TO give the concession be-
cause he wanted a steamboat on Lake
TanSanyika 20 enable him 20 push his
Cape to Cairo railroad scheme. and am
told that Mr.. Williams furnished the boat.
Among the first deposits discovered were
those of the Kinshanshi copper mines, in
Rhodcsia. not far from the Belgian bor-
der. These have already been developed
IL the depth OF 4OO feet, and ii has been
decided TO erect a smelter there which in
about two years will be yielding several
million dollars per annum. In prospect
ing about Kinshanshi, Mr.. Williams got
the idea that there might be important
finds over the border. He took his min
ing engineers and went on into the Kon-
go Free State and there found these
enormous deposits which promise 20 rev.
oIutionize the copper markets of the
world He then went back To London and
formed his syndicate. a concession was
gotten from King Leopold BY. offering him
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

boxes and partake of breakfast. And
may it here be said that breakfast. din
ner and supper reSembled the meals of
the man who had mush and milk for
breakfast. milk and mush for dinner and
a dish of mush with d little milk for
supper.
We'll. after breakfast. | suppose you
loafed around bit and rested up for
dinner?"
I'VE did-not" laconisally remarked the
boy. he shifted comfortably, laZily
stretched himself and raised his feet to
the nearest high point.
I'VE thought would. but the fond
dream was rudely shattered. AS we
started toward the upper deck and fresh
air after our meal of wind pudding and
thoughts of what the folks We're having
at home. we were told that fifteen min
utes would be our own. after which We
would report at our respective stations
and begin-beein. mind yOh-work for the
day. Those fifteen minutes were as short
as study period at high school, We
hadn't more than reached the deck when
we were summoned below. And by the
way. have you ever tended to the wants
of a single COW? Yes? Well you can
know that the atmosphere about a stable
is not exactly similar to the air of u
ballroom. Just multiply that by $50, and
add to that the odors connected with the
kitchen of a Chinese chop house and
you'll get an idea of what d conglomera-
ton of scents assailed our nasal organs
The cooks galley was but thirty feet
away, and separated only by thin par
ition. 1t was fierce. but We soon became
accustomed to it,
Work and Murky Weather.
BY a hard three hours work the boys
managed to clean out the stalls Of half
the cattle-the five experienced hands did
none of this work-and after having an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

DLENTY of Work, Short
i Rations and Vile Odors
Were the Chief Features Of
the Trip to London-William
Dick and Calvert CLANCY Do
Not, However, Regret the
Experience - Feeding and
Watering $50 Head of Cat
tie Is No Small Undertaking
Boiled Potatoes and Salt
Horse" Known by the Eupho-
NOUS Name OF "Skouse"-
Difficulties of the High
School Linguists at the
French Capital.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1908-09-06

nNE Billion Dollars
~ Worth of Ore in Sight
Rich Mines of Gold, Iron
and Tina New Transafri-
can Road Queer Features
of Prospecting in Rhodesia-
The Broken Hill Mines and
Their Native Labor-A White
Settlement in Mid-Africa.