davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1908-04-04
GREAT BASEBALL BOOK.
spaIdins's Official Guide for 1905 q
Record Breaking Edition..


Record Breaking Edition..
The thirty second publication Of
Spalding's Official Baseball Guide,
which has just made It's appearance,
is unquestionably the best book de-
voted to the national game and its
operations. that has ever been publish
ed. While the previous issues Of this
Guide have always been anxiously
awaited by reason Of the stupendous
amount" of matter contained therein
and covering everything Of import
ance connected with baseball since it
was first introduced into America, the
Guide of 1908 has been published with
the view Of making it "Basebalrs Rec
ord Breaking Edition.
Particularly attractive Is this years
Guide because for tho first time in the
history Of the national sport, baseball
has been declared to be purely Of
American origin. This decision was
brought about by Mr.. A. G. Spaldins,
who took issue with Mr.. Henry Chad
wick, the veteran journalist and editor
Of spalding's Official Baseball Guilds
for % years, that the game owed its
existence to the English schoolboy
pastime Of Founders" Mr. Spaldine
long ago contended that baseball was
distinctively American in inception
and development, and to settle the
matter. the two men agreed to leave
the decision to commission Of the
highest baseball authorities, composed
Of Mr.. A. G. Mills. who was the third
president Of the National league; Hon.
Morgan g. Buckley. the first president
CT the National League, and at present
one Of the United States senators from
Connecticut: Mr.. Nicholas E. Younr.
who was president Of the National
league from 1885 to 1909; Alfred J.
Reach, an old-time player of promi-
nence and president Of the Philadel-
phia club for 20 years: George Wright,
the most famous shortstop in the early
history Of the game, with James r.
Sullivan. president Of the Amateur
Athletic Union Of the United States, as
secretary Of the commission. Hon.
Arthur Pue German, who was actively
identified with the game In its earlier
days and subsequently selected as one
OF the commissioners, but his death
occurred during the deliberations Of
the commission.
The subject was long and carefully
considered. A mass Of testimony was
taken. and finally Mr.. A. g. Mills wrote
to Secretary Sullivan that his deduc.
tons from the testimony submitted
were:
First-That baseball had its origin
in the United States.
Second-That the nrst scheme for
playing it. according to the evidence
obtainable to date. was devised by Alb
ner Doubleday, Cooperstown. N. T., in
1899.
Mr.. Mills decision was unanimously
concurred in blythe other members of
the commission and q fac smile Of
their signatures is showa.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1908-04-04
IL S.AO 2NlIIt,
Attorney for Administrator.
PROBATE NOTICE.

PRCBATE NOTICE.
State Of Minnesota. County OF Hennepin.
I'm Probate Court.
FINAL ACCOUNT.
In the Matter Of the Guardianship Of
Charles Weldon, incompetent.
count Of Elvira Bird, as guardian OF the
above named ward, and her petition pray
ing for settlement and allowance Of said
account;
It is ordered, that said petition be
heard and said account examined at a
special term Of this court to be held
at the court house. in the city of Minne-
apolis. in said county. on the 18th day Of
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1908-04-04

The Guide is the product of the
American Sports Publishing Company.
of II Warren Street. New York City,
and can be had of newsdealers
throughout the country at 10 cents per
copy.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
COTTON. RECOVERED
FROM EARLY JOLT
Good Grades SdIabIe LO-
CaIIy On II 3-S Basis.

| Recovering from the slap which
| Liverpool gave, the cotton market OF
| this side of the pond, turned a very
| poor beginning into net gains yester.
| day. Albeit small at New Orleans. The
pessimistic tone of the English mar
| ket was somewhat puzzling, except
on the theory of manipulation from
| this side, but as far as any perma-
nent influence cis-Atlantic-ward the
deal was a dismal failure. Unfayor-
able weather in the belt initiated
against further picking and has
aroused some anxiety for the condi-
| ton of the fields when planting time
comes again. Some of the New
York talent was handing out bearish
tips and advising liquidation while
| others were taking a favorable view
of things.
The New York market opened 2
to points off on cables, and in the
first few minutes displayed a slight
further weakness, but after that the
trend of prices was upward. The
close was steady, 9 to II points net
higher for the session. Spot prices
were marked up 10 points. New Or
leans opened to 8 points lower
but soon gained a few points
at which level prices eased off. Be-
fore the noon hour. decided improve
ment took place. The close was
several points below the best, I'M
changed for January and / to 2
points higher for other active posi-
lions as compared with the close for
Monday. The tone was steady. Spot
quotations were unchanged
Liverpool opened 4 to points off.
which was lower than due The close
was to points lower as compared
with Mondays final Spots were re-
duced points, the sales being 5000
bales,
The estimated receipts for today at
all ports are $4,000 bales. Of this
Houston is down for 1000 bales, as
against receipts of 1899 for the
same day of the year before.
Limited sales, chiefly of good cot
ton, were made in, the local spot
market on the basis Of IL 3-8 cents
for good middling, which is an adj
vance over the quotations for the
day before of Is of a, cent The de-
mand was excellent for the higher
grades, which were very meagerly
offered. The poor grades were only
in moderate demand the offerings
being in excess of the needs of buy
ers. The quotations are unchanged
from Monday.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
a Woman's Back

Has many aches and pains caused BY
weaknesses and falling, or other diSplace-
ment, of the pelvic organs. Other symp-
toms of female weakness are frequent
headache, dizziness, imaginary specks or
dark spots floating before the eyes, gnaw-
ing sensation IL stomach, dragging or
bearing down in lower abdominaI or pelvic
region, disagreeable drains from pelvic
organs, faint spells with general weakness
If any considerable number of the above
symptoms are present there is no remedy
that WIN give quicker relief or more per-
maAent csUe than DR.. Pierce's Favorlte
PreAcE1p%6a%NIt hes record of over forty
years OF cuFesA lis. i is the most potent
ilnyigorating. ionic and STRENGTHENING Qer-
vine known 70 medical science: It is made
OF the glyceric extracts of native medici.
nal roots found in our forests and con-
tains not a drop of alcohol or harmful, or
habit-forming drugs. Its ingredients are
all printed on the bottle-wrapper and at
tested under oath as correct,
Every ingredient entering into cFa-
vOrite Prescription has the written en-,
dorSement of the most eminent medical
writer's Of all the several schools of prac-
tice-more valuable than any amount of
professional testimOnials-tho the
latter are not lacking having been con
tributed voluntarily by grateful patients
in numbers to exceed the endorsements
given to any other medicine extant for
the cure of woman'S ills.
You cannot afford to accept any medicine
of unknown composition as a substitute
for this well proven remedy OF KNOWN
COMPOSITIONS, even though the dealer may
make little more profit thereby Four
interest in regaintng health is paramount
to any selfish interest Of his and it is an
insult to your intelligence for him to try
to palm off upon You substitute. You
know what you want and it is his BUSH
hess to supply the article called for.
DR.. Pierce'S Pleasant Pellets are the
original little Liver Pills" first put up
by old Dr.. Pierce over forty years ago,
much initiated but never equaled. Little
sugar-coated granules-easy to take as
candy.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
HUSBAND ONE OF
LATEST OF MEN

CLEVELAND, OHIO, jan IA
Special) Mrs Anton Sadwski today
testified in Judge Adams court
against her husband in suit
brought for alleged neglect of his six
small children. Mrs. Sadwski thinks
he is the LATEST man on record.
why, Judge, he is so lazy he
walled, that when he goes to bed
in the attic above our rooms he pulls
up the ladder after him. That's the
only stairway, and when he has pull
ed it up with him l can't wake him in
the morning.
My Alsb.nC was awfully anxious
for me to marry him. But he left me
on the day we were married and
didn't come back for a week. Then
he begSel on his knees and tonk
him III we supported hin ever
since"
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
NEW CURE FOR STOMACH
DOdson'S Pharmacy Gives Times-Re
cOrder Readers a Chance to Try
IL

Since nobody knows when, people
have suffered from Indigestion, sick
headaches, bloating, dizzy spells, dis
tress after eating, sleeplessness and
the many other symptoms of stomach
troubles and have found the usual
remedies powerless.
Here is chance for Times-Recor-
der readers who may suffer with weak
stomach to test without risk of loss
the new prescription, called Mi-o~na
for indigestion that has met with
great success wherever it has beer
tried.
This treatment which strengthens
the whole digestive system so thai
the stomach does its work without
any distress is sold by Dodson's Phar-
macy under guarantee to refund the
money if the remedy does not do al
that is claimed for it.
Mi-o-na costs but soc, a box, and
one box will do more real good than
a dozen boxes of ordinary digestive
tablets.
10-15-17.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
WILLIAMS KIDNEY PILLS

Have you neglected your Kidneys
Have you overworked your nervous
system and caused trouble with your
kidneys and bladder? Have you pains
in loins, side, back, groins and blad-
der? Have you q habby appearance
of the face, especially under the eyes?
Too frequent desire to pass urine? If
so, Williams, Kidney Pills will cure
you,-at Druggist Price SOC.
Williams Mfg Co. Props, Cleve-
land, o.
Sold by w. A. REMBERT.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

Quick climatic changes try strong
constitutions and cause, among other
evils, nasal catarrh, troublesome
and offensive disease. Sneezing and
snuffing, coughing and difficult breath
ing, and the drip, drip of the foul
discharge into the throat-all are
ended by Ely's Cream Balm. This
honest remedy contains no cocaine
mercury, nor other harmful ingred-
lent The worst cases yield to treat
ment in a short time. All druggists.
soc, or mailed by Ely Bros, Sc War
rem Street, New York.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
A Cure for Misery

Il have found a cure for the misery
malaria poison produces" says r. M
James, of Louellen, S. G. tits called
Electric Bitters and comes in 50-ceni
bottles. 1t breaks up case of chills
or bilious attack in almost no time;
and it puts yellow jaundice clean out
of commission" This great tonic
medicine and blood purifier gives quick
relief in all stomach, liver and kidney
complaints and the misery of lame
back. Sold under guarantee at Ed
ridge Drug Co.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
Arrivals.

From Savannah, Augusta.
Atlanta and Macon, Biz
mingham, Columbus aaG
Fort Valley. ............ %IO4op NJ
From Lockhart, Dotha1l. Al
bany, Troy and MOnl'ory %lG 40 p m
From Lockhart, DOthan, Al
bany, Troy and Mont'ery. n 5 = F's
From Atlanta and Macon *2 o. (, IL
From Augusta, Savannah, At
Ianta and Macon, Birring
ham and Columbus and
Fort Valley .......... 70 81 m
From Columbus and uterine
date points. F645 NJ
From Columbus, Newman and
intermediate points 4 70 p m
From Albany and intermediate
points. "a 40 q N
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
Weevil Teaching Farmers
(Tvler. Texas. Courierl

(Tyler, Texas, Courier)
1t matters not whether the acre
age in cotton is less in 1908 than il
was in 1907 so far as yield is con-
cerned. If the acreage is increased
or is as large as for 1907, the boil
weevil will see to it that no bumper
crop is made. If the farmers will
cut down the yield, Mr. Boil Weevil
is doing what he can to teach the
farmer the value of corn and meat.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
How He Knew.

THAT was Dr. Pondrous who was
talking to you little while ago.
He's very learned man"
"He must be-"
why, how did you know? He was
only talking to you for a few min
utes'
We'll, it was long enough to
make me very tired"
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
A Higher Health Level

81 have reached a higher health
level since l began using DR.. Kings
New Life Pills." writes Jacob Spring
err, of West Franklin, Maine. "They
keep my stomach, liver and bowels
working just right" If these pills
disappoint you on trial, money will
be refunded at Eldridge Drug Co.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
1t Does the Business

Mr.. r. e. Chamberlain, of Clinton,
Me-, says of Bucklen's Arnica Salve:
cit does the business; / have used it
for chapped hands and it cured them.
Applied it to an old sore and it heal
ed it without leaving a scar behind"
Csc at E1dridge Drug Co.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

That man on the Thaw jury who
confessed that he hadn't read word
of the first trial may as well look
forward to a tempting offer from a
dime MISUNDERSTANDING Post.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
The POstman Arrives

Il thought the doorbeH rang a few
minutes ago." said Mr.. Housekeep, at
breakfast.
so id did," replied his wife, "and
Bridget answered it.
But what's keeping her so long?'
"a postal card, perhaps"
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
Hard to Remember

"Of course, she's pretty but she
doesn't look as if she had sense
enough to know her own name"
"She doesn't, half the time. You
see she's just been married to a
Polish nObleman."
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
He Felt So Small.

Miss Eisberg went back home to
Boston today" said Towne, dejectedly.
81 proposed to her at the dance last
night"
yes" interrupted Browne, 81 saw
you just afterward"
You saw me? You must have had
a microscope
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
Rush.

YES" said the friendly critic, hand
ing back the manuscript, that's quite
a good sonnet. Why don't you mail
it to the "Hybrow Magazine?"
Mail ito cried the struggling
young poet, I'm going to telegraph
it"
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
{ sPartures.
: SPaTtuFSss
Fog MacCr. Atlanta, Augusta
%A.AI

Fog AIacCr, Atlanta, Augusta
and savannah ............* 4:4O a n
For Albany, DOthan. Lockhart,
Troy su1 Montgomery. 1922 n
" Albany, Dothan, Lockhart,
Troy ana montgomery. 1907 p m
Macon aud A tlanta .*I:57 p 10
d" Macon, Atlanta, Savannah
and Augusta .*1O:4O p N
For Columbus. *4:3O p m
For COlun bus and Birming-
ham ...,.. f7:O0 N
For Columbus Birmingham,
via Fort Valley. *1O:40 pm
For Albany and Inter. points 1910 p n
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
Fine Farm For Sale.

The best improved six hundred
acre farm in Southwest Georgia and
every thing on the farm to run it for
a year. Address Farm" care the
Times Recorder
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

The odoriferous guano is now go
ing farmWard, and the several plants
in Americas are being kept busy sup
plying food for the cotton patch.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

Liverpool, Jan. 1.-THE cotton mar.
ket closed steady. Spots: Mid.
ding uplands 1924
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

One Of Sumter's solid farmers has
not sold bale of his last years
cotton crop as yet, but has stored a
whole hundred for higher prices.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
An Insult.

Miss Gaddie-I don't see why you
should feel insulted because he said
your eyes were like stars.
Miss Prude-You don't? Why, stars
keep winking at you all the time.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

The police have not yet nabbed that
sleek young burglar, but they have
a clue now and expect to spring a
genuine surprise shortly.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

Several Americas dealers are still
handling cigarette papers, despite
the fact that state tax of $25 is
imposed upon all who do so.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
TALES OF THE TOWN
TOLD in FEW LINES
Pencil Stubs Picked Up All
Random.

The clearance sales not only con-
tinue, but increase in number, and the
shopping woman with an extra dollar
goes the rounds daily.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

Mr. Will w. Page has accepted a
position at the Johnson & Harold
warehouse, assisting with the office
work and in other departments also
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
Piles Cured in 6 to IA DAYS

Pazo Ointment is guaranteed to
cure any case of itching, blind, bleed
ing or pretruding piles, in 6 to IA
days or money refunded. soc.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

R. K. Webb's hack now in service.
Calls answered promptly. Phone 81
for hack, or best line of groceries.
12-3-2m.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

Boreas repented and Sol smiled yes
terday, for the first time in nearly a
week Altogether the day was fine,
and the people enjoyed it,
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

The upturn in cotton values yes
terday brought joy to the man with
the unsold bales, who is holding on
tenaciously for fifteen cents.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
THE QUOTATIONS
IN AMERICAS
Cotton Market as Reported Daily
by L. C. Council.

Americus, Ca, Jan. lave quote
the local cotton market steady, as fol-
lows: Last
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

here in this advertisement for dozen
items there fully thousand others good
Sinchwo ancys
d
for SOC here watpe ard
rdozn
oil
Hesoddi corses
&c
and
theIOta
kand blue iian
iii 9Oc herenO Hatper yard
ldrenSh nOStys
on the bary
usin
worhu0 $50 hereno vyourC hoicea t aCh
sa sizes
weigh here
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

Hop Cheer" is the latest prohi
decoction invented in Americas, and
fills a long-felt want A rose by any
other name is just as sweet
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

More desirable real estate is on
the market in Americas just now
than for long while, and many really
good bargains are offered
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
OneCellt Column

WANT ADS. IN THE AMER TCUS
TIMES-RECORDER cost cent a
word q day; three consecutive days
for the price of two. Minimum CHI; trge
is Is cents. All ads. in cheap column
payable in advance.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
LIVERPOOL.

New Orleans, La. Jan. H. Close
steady. Spots III cents.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

A hundred acres of the old DeSoto
plantation sold day or two ago at
$40 per acre Farm lands in Sum-
ter always bring the price
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

The business streets are drying off
a bit since the recent floods subsidized,
and in consequence the paving propD-
sition has subsidized as well. 4,
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
NEW YORK FUTURES.
SAVANNA
NEW oRLEAN 3.

Savannah, Ga. Jan. IA. = Spots
middling 1O8 cents.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
SPECIAL SALES AT
= I1ncan's Store.
CSC and 35c WHITE GOODS At 1oc Yd.

IL 12c 5c, 19c, 25c and WHITE GOODS At 1Oc Yd
Monday morning will place sale collection of odd lots and
lengths of white goods the lowest known of
pieces slightly oed nothing all perfect
goods They range lengths from 20 yards in White Madras,
India Linons Wangs Vois Linens
They will be sold only nothing will be cut Displayed center
sale yard 10
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

Close connections at Cordele fol
all points north and south. At Co.
lumbus for all points east, and al
Montgomery for New Orleans, Mobile
and all Texas points and the south
west and northwest.
Night trains have through Pullman
buffet sleepers and coaches between
Savannah and Montgomery.
For further information apply tt
H. P. Everett, Agt., Americas, Ga.
w. P. Scruggs, T. P. A., Savannah.
Chas. F. Stewart, A. G. P. A., Saw
annah.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
LOST.

LOST DOG-Fox terrier, "Trixie,"
white, with black tail, and black spot
on each eye. Reward if returned to
ERNEST TULLIS 15-tf.
LOST-White pointer, black spots,
spotted ears, large spot across should
ers. Notify w. P. PAGE. If.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
FOR SALE.


FOR SALE-Good, gentle, family
horse and nearly new buggy and
harness. Will sell at a bargain. JAS.
A. HARRIS, 21S Cotton Avenue 14-tf
FOR SALE Four thousand
dollars stock in first class
incorporated mercantile bust
ness in Americas, or would ex-
change for desirable residence This
is good investment and will pay good
dividend. p o. Box 351.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15
FOR RENT

FOR SALE-A good, gentle pony
and practically new buggy, used very
little, for sale at bargain. JAS. A.
HARRIS, 21S Cotton Avenue 14-tf
TO RENT-Eight room house, 219
Jackson street, with kitchen, bath
room, gas and oil conveniences. Pos
session February LIST. P. H. WILL
LIAMS. 12-4t-pd
FOR RENT-Dwelling House. See
II. J. BAGLEY. 1t.
FOR RENT-Five room dwelling
Church street, near Dudley street. All
conveniences. Apply 1c :. j. Nc
Gehee. lott.
FOR RENT-200 acres fine farm
land, one and half miles OF city. E..
G. SPEER. 8tf
FOR RENT-Large stone building
at Leslie First class location for
any business. J. T. PRICE. 12-22-tf
FOR RENT furnished upstairs
rooms. Phone 36S or Postoffice Box
303. 21-tf.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1908-01-15

Pencil Stubs Picked Up Al
Random.
The clearance sales not only con
tinue, but increase in number, and the
| shopping woman with an extra dollar
goes the rounds daily
R. K. Webb's hack now in service
Calls answered promptly. Phone 81
for hack, or best line of groceries.
12-3-2m.
Boreas repented and Sol smiled yes
terday, for the first time in nearly a
week. Altogether the day was fine,
and the people enjoyed it.
The police have not yet nabbed that
sleek young burglar. but they have
clue now and expect to spring a
genuine surprise shortly.
More desirable real estate is on
the market in Americas just now
than for long while, and many really
good bargains are offered
A hundred acres of the old DeSoto
plantation sold a day or two ago at
$40 per acre. Farm lands in Sum-
ter always bring the price.
The business streets are drying off
a bit since the recent floods subsidized,
and in consequence the paving propD4
sition has subsidized as we'll. 4,
Hop Cheer" is the latest prohi
decoction invented in Americas, and
fills a long-felt want. A rose by any
other name is just as sweet.
The upturn in cotton values yes
terday brought joy to the man with
the unsold bales, who is holding on
tenaciously for fifteen cents.
Several Americas dealers are still
handling cigarette papers, despite
the fact that a state tax of $25 is
imposed upon all who do so.