davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
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beyond the scope OF this article to enter
into il more fully. Even il the legend OF
Herodotus is not accepted in its entirety
it still suffices to explain the Lydian or
at least Asiatic origin Of the Etruscans,
and this is borne out by their recorded man
ners and by monumental evidence.
II is intended TO survey briefly in this
article the language, religion and some
Of the fine arts having direct connection
with the civilization OF Etruria In the
course Of this survey the saying Of Seneca
that Asia claims the Etruscans as her own.
"Tuscos Asia sibi vindicat will be fully
confirmed.
The introduction OF letters into Latium is
referred to TIE Peasg. although an ancient
tradition says that they we're brought to
the aborigines by Evander from Arcadia
and that the ancient Latin characters we're
identical with the earliest Greek The
Etrllscans are said to have received their
characters from COrinth through Demara-
tus, and in fact all the ancient alphabets
Of Italy bear an unmistakable affinity to
the Greek
The Etruscan language is a mystery, and
it has bafiled the learning and researches
of scholars Of every nation for ages past.
The only positive data about 1t that are
known consist Of the alphabet or the char
acters in which it is written. some proper
names and a few words recorded by the
ancients and the numerals. All the rest is
a blank
In a tomb at Bomarzo a small cup Of
ordinary ware was discovered bearing on
its foot an inscription which on examina-
tion proved to be the Etruscan alphabet.
This cup Ia considered TO be one OF the
rarest treasures ever found, as II Is the
only instance Of an alphabet in real Etrus-
can characters.
Other finds Of the same description have
The sun., 1908-01-12
BRONZE RAzoRs USED BY,ETRUsCANs.

beautifully worked The ornaments for
personal use are earrings OF various forms
and sizes. large fibule or brooches. massive
rings and other articles. both in gold and
silver.
The Etruscans seem to have had an ORR
entail passion for jewelry, passion shared
by the Romans and even transmitted to
their modern representatives. No country
has produced jewelry Of such exquisite
taste and workmanship and in so great
abundance as Etruria
IL would fill volumes to describe sepa-
rately all the different articles Of jewelry
used by the Etruscans. their gold breast
plates, their bracelets OF armlets OF filigree
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Gus wanderings they reached the coast Of
Umbria and there established themselves,
exchanging the name Of Lydians for that
of Tyrrhenians in honor Of their leader.
This tradition seems the most plausible
about the origin OF the Etruscans, and yet
it is rejected by several historians, both
ancient and modern. The question is
many sided and intricate and il would prove
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models formed in plaster moulds from
plaster casts of the originals. When re-
moved from it's mould the medal was Orked
over with fine sandpaper or other gritty
substance. and often with fine instruments.
Moreover, the edges had to be filed smooth,
as the casting always left them rough. In
many cases it is apparent that the craving
tool was resorted to in order that outlines
might be emphasized. especially in indicat-
ing hair.
In those days medals afforded conven-
lent kind of portrait for transmission TO dis
tant friends: large numbers Of medals, too,
were buried under the foundations of build
ings erected by a prince or a State, as in
our own time coins are placed under the
cornerstone Of a public edifice. For in
stance. in the cellar walls Of the Palazzo
Venezia, built by Pope Paul II. in Rome,
were found twenty medals of that Pope.
Some bore on the reverse a representation
OF the palace. others the arms of the Pope
with the legend: Has Edes Condidit"
They were enclosed in an earthenware case
that had TO be broken in order to release
the contents. II is safe to assume that
nearly all early medals bearing the repre-
sentation Of a building we're cast for such
commemorative purposes and placed in like
positions.
1t remained for the beginning Of the six
teenth century to witness the Inauguration
Of the art OF striking medals from en-
graved dies In the British Museum there is
an example of a medal Of Pope Julius II. by
Francesca FraDcia the painter, who besides
being a painter and medallist was also
a goldsmith and likewise designed the
font OF italic type for Nicolas Jenson the
printer This medal OF Pope julius was
probably struck about the year 1906. Fac
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INVENTOR or THE PANTOMIME.
When John Rich introduced Harlequin
and COlumbIne To London.
From me London ErcninO stardord.

From me London ErcBinO StdrdGrd.
The credit Of producing the first pantomTms
In England belongs TO John Rich. This per-
fOrmance was on December IS. I7l7. at the
theatre IN Lincolns Inn Fields.
Rich bethought himself Of the comic
maslues occasionally performed in Edin-
hurgh and he combined with their scenic and
mechanical effects the attractions Of the
pantOmime ballet. The resultIwas Harlequin
Executed" which the advertisement OF that
day described as a New Italian Mimic Scene.
between a ScaramOuch, a Harlequin. "A COun-
try Farmer. His Wife. and Others.
or course the earnest student Of ths
drama" protested against this innovation,
but Harlequin. Columbine and Co. have main
tained their hold on public favor until the
present year OF grace.
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Etruscan Jewelry is considered even to-
day to show exquisite workmanship; in
deed, artists of subsequent ages have never
succeeded in equalling it.
1t has been divided into two distinct
classes. domestic. for personal adornment.
and hence substantial and durable; and
sepulohral. consisting of wreaths Of gold
of a very light and ffimsy character but
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model this mould Of earth was stirened by
a lyo solution, the wax melted out and
molten metal poured from a orucible into
the mould thus left behind. Whether or
not replicas were made from the same
mould is a question that remains unsolved.
Probably not, but instead they may have
been made from new moulds Of new wax
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Greek race from Thessaly. entered Italy,
allied themselves with the abOrigines and
occupied Etruria until they were conquered
by the Tyrrheni. or Etruscans, who estab-
lished their power in the land about 200
years before the foundation of Rome. or
lO44 B. G.
1t is generally admitted that the Etrus-
cans or Tyrrheni came from abroad and
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work of extraordinary delicacy their crowns
or chaplets in imitation of garlands of leaves.
oak, laurel. myrtle or ivy. In the Museum
of Corneto there is a set OF false teeth
mounted in gold not at all dissimilar from
modern bridgewOrk.
Such were the Etruscans. undoubtedly
one OF the most remarkable nations of
antiquity the great civlizers of Italy and
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substanop he was aually 10 work in. Oh
the other hand the die engravers art re-
quired a totally different teohnic. a skill
akin to the requirements Of germ engraving
and also to the craft Of a goldsmith. At
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way to redemption which it points out
especially when one takes into considera-
ton some OF the stuff turned out by un-
known hands for a grateful Congressional
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almost identical with that Of the sculptor
preparing for a bronze statuette, the sculp-
tor in marble of course having to take into
account further matters incident to the
The sun., 1908-01-12

been made from time to time. such for
example as a pot inscribed with an alpha
bet at Cerveteri and some fragments In
a tomb at Cole with similar characters,
but in these cases the letters we're Pelasgic.
not Etruscan.
Il has been ascertained that it was the
custom wish the Etruscans to write from
right to left and frequently 70 drop the
short vowels. and these facts have been
taken "a a proof Of the Oriental origin OF
the alphabet. IL is very probable that
the Etruscans received their letters from
PhRnicia. il not directly at least through
Greece, but this question is in dispute.
The fact remains that all attempts at in7
depreciation OF inscriptions have failed
and that the different tests made by COM
pairing the EtrusCan with the three classic
languages and all the ancient ones. includ-
ing Chinese. Celtic and Anglo-SaxOn, have
been practically useless.
All that is known Of the language besides
the alphabet consists Of some thirty words,
such as certain names of deities and a
few other words OF frequent occurrence
in mOrtuary inscriptions. Such are, for
example, -ril. which is said to mean years;
-avil age; -leine, lived, and -lupu, died.
. As regards the numerals. their discovery
is ascribed TO the finding Of pair Of dice
in Is47 marked with words instead Of the
pips from l to 8 which are found on all the
other specimens Of dice before or since
brought 10 light. IL was plausibly con-
jectured that the words, which by the way
we're all monOsyllables, were inserted in
stead Of the corresponding numerals, but
a difficulty arose as to their proper arrange
ment. Interpreters differ widely, but the
following are considered the two best
arrangements:
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the whole ancient world. whose influence
is still felt, though family even in the
civilization of our days.
The sun., 1908-01-12

Mach HI Za Sa Thu HUH
The religion Of Etrlria was closely con-
nected with her form Of government, which
bore some resemblance to federal or con-
federated republic such as existed in early
times among the States OF Greece. The
Internal government was aristOcratic and
the chief rulers combined double functions
political and ecclesiastical. and we're called
LucumOnes. They were augurs, skilled in
divination and the mysteries Of the Etruscan
discipline. and one Of them was generally
chosen as pontih or high priest.
The Etruscan religion resembled in a
great degree that OF Egypt and was mystic
and symbolic, but gradually the mythology
Of Etruria was assimilated with that Of
Greece. Yet her creed was never separated
from the political system. and hence the
Etruscans had always religious reputation
among the people Of antiquity.
All the divinities OF Rome were derived
from Etrlria. The Etruscan mythology
had a popularity in the doctrine Of the
geni, from which originated the entire
system Of divination. called the Etruscan
discipline.
There is a tradition that in the neighbor-
hood Of Tarquinii, the foremost city Of
Etruria, about the time OF its foundation,
lO44 B. C., as a certain peasant was plough
ing the land and Glanced to make q furrow
deeper than usual, up sprsng a wondrous
being. boy in appearance but patriarch
in wisdom. Tages by name, the son OF
genius and the grandson OF Jove. The
peasant uttered loud cry, q crowd gathered
and all Etruria assembled on the spot.
This mysterious boy then explained the
practice Of divination by the inspection Of
entrails and the flight OF birds. Everything
he said was treasured up and committed to
writing, and these records formed the code
OF the sacred discipline Of the Ftrusoans
which regulated their religious and civil
polity and was by them transmitted to the
Romans.
Most OF the rel gious rites Of the Etruscans
have been discovered and are known from
sepulchral paintings and furniture; and
their idols, the special dress and personal
adSTnments Of their priests, their Oere-
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1908-08-07

air" as St. Francis called them, who
are willing to become brotherly indeed
if they be met in the spirit of kin
ship.
Some years ago there was dispute
between one veteran American orni-
biologist on the one side and two
younger but equally well-known orni-
biologists on the other as to the cause
of the birds fear of man. One said
the fear is instructive and consequent
ly always existed. The other said
it is the result partly of the teaching
of the young by the parent birds, and
partly of inherited timidity-inherited
only through those generations of the
feathered race which have been in
contact with man and have learned
that he is to be dreaded.
There is no intention here of taking
part in the discussion, but it may be
said that pioneers entering a country
where no man before has set foot have
found that some of the birds paid no
more attention to the human intruders
than they did to the deer of the forest
Let bird, no matter how wild it's ma
ture, learn by actual experience that you
mean it no harm and you may get
upon as friendly a footing with it as
you are with the family cat.
There is no one, be he urbanite or
suburbanite, who cannot have his bird
friends about him if he so will. A man
living on one of the crowded business
thoroughfares of great city, with
Gathering cars passing his door every
two minutes of the day, has a colony
OF purple martins dwelling in little
box houses upon the roof of his build
ing. Six years they have lived there,
never failing to return at the waning
of winter.
The purple martin (Progne subis) |
loves the companionship of man. 1t |
has musical, twittering note that is |
one of the softest sounds in nature. 1t |
is one of the dreaded foes of the insect |
hordes and it repays man for a little
proffered kindness by doing it's best |
to make mosquito bars and fytraps |
useless luxury. The purple martin in
its movements from place to place is
much of a mystery. 1t will be abun-
dant in one section of the country for
years and then will disappear as COM
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1908-08-07

diamonds, considered
Simplicity neanes and cleanliness constitute the whole of
masculine elegance
the other hand still love pierce their to hang
them surround their neck with beads small
metal the isles of the Pacific the days Of prehistoric
Every year they seek mode of rendering their garments
inconvenient and costly
How shall about curing this nfmty, this relic OF primitive
Neil tells his book the condition of
e her such instruction will set her work in the matters of mind
she will find pleasure feathers and
ny cmera, do say? Feminine vanity ncurabc evil?
believe word Christianity wrought this miracle
the Quacrs and the inconsistencies why should not be wrought to-day
by the of justice allied to the culture Of reason?
If the black dress coat has taken the place the slken garments and
trimmings of why should similar change be wrought in the
of women Throughout the whole period of classical antiquity
with the linen and the chamy of fine wool
this has its vanity what need is
change the of If public opinion sufficiently
ghned to understand that luxury thing barbarou nantne i'm
moral above ALL wrong the who to-day dresses herself in
costly clothes order please and be imposing would content herself
being beautiful pretty slight which certainly the most
charming fashion of so being.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1908-08-07

his wife cares for the eggs in build
ing a make-believe nest in a fold of an
awning. He gets 20 or 80 straws in
position and then the wind destroys
the result Of his work, but at 1t he
goes again and cares not whit that
apparently his labor is to be as unend-
ing as the stone rolling of Sisiphus.
In the marsh wren (Cistothorus
palustris) this BODYBUILDING mania is
carried to an extreme, and both the
male and the female birds are affected
by it. They will construct four or five
perfect nests before they make up
their minds in which one to rear their
young. The marsh wrens build in col.
onies, and it is not unusual to find 80
completed nests in a swamp where
only a round dozen pairs of the birds
have an abiding place. Scientists have
tried for years to solve the problem,
the answer to which will be the rea-
son for this superlluity Of wren homes,
and science is still confronted by a
question mark.
The brown thrasher is not a bird of
the cities, but it will visit the gardens
of the suburbs and there make its
home if man has been sparing in the
use of the pruning knife and has left
a thicket retreat in some secluded cor
ner. The song of the brown thrasher
is inferior in its varied sweetness only
to the song of the hooking bird. and
there are persons who find little TO
choose between the performances of
these rival songsters. The notes of
the thrasher are clear and ringing, and
can be heard upon a calm morning
for the distance of a third of a mile. |
The thrasher takes to a tree top and |
here, lifting his head heavenward, he |
sings uninterruptedly, seeming to lose
himself in the very passion, of his |
music.
One morning in late April heard !
singing from the top of an
Usage orange tree. lay down on the
grass within the shadow of his tree
perch, and listened to his song. The
bird looked down upon me and sang
and sang again. Almost uninterrupted
" for ten minutes he continued his
exquisite solo. / flattered myself that
he bird was singing to me, but after a
little there was a movement in the
leart Of the tree Just below the soloist.
looked and there sat Nine Thrasher
thinking in the love notes of her lord.
md certainly no lovers plea ever fell
more unsteady and more acceptably
lpon a lady's ear.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1908-08-07

it hns left some of the villages to
which 1t was attached for years, and
has appeared in other places where
before it was practically unknown. In
the great city of Chicago there are
more purple martins than were ever
known to have dwelt under the pail of
the towns smoke. Put common
box, divided into compartments with
circular entrances thereto, upon the
roof tree and the chances are that this
bird in it's raiment of royal purple
will honor you with its presence
through the summer.
The house wren is ubiquitous. Give
it tin can or a box in the rear yard
of your city residence or the same
lodging accommodations on the lawn
of your country home and the wren
will come, will look over the premises,
and if it finds those things which to
wren amount to modern conveniences
1t will lease the apartment for the
season.
The house wren is a singer, how
ever, and to those who object to hav-
ing their morning maps disturbed the
wren becomes something of a nuis-
ance.
If you wish the wren's company
nail its little house to the side Of a
building or place it upon pole in the
yard. Make the circular entrance ex-
actly the size of silver quarter and
cut it midway between the top and bot
tom of the box. The English sparrow
is the wren's arch enemy, but the lit
tie fellow can take care of itself if the
sparrow be unable to get into the
home and destroy the eggs. Luckily
the wren can slip into hole which is
barely large enough for the entrance
of the sparrow's head.
Should house wren condescend to
bear you company for the summer its
music is not the only amusement that
it will offer. There is a fund of fun
to be had in watching Mr.. Wren build
mock nests after his mate is snug on
her eggs in the first completed home, |
With tireless industry, stopping only |
to sing between straws, the male bird |
will carry building material into every |
crook and Granny in the vicinity of his |
real nest. At this writing one wren |
husband is spending his time while
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1908-08-07
"GLAD TO KNOW YOU''-- BIRDS

The brown thrasher is apt to be
timid, save when the love of its Off
spring conquers its fear and makes it
willing to dare any danger that threat
ems. Prof. Dearborn of the Field Co
lumbar museum Gagged a fledgeling
brown thrasher in order to save 1t
from marauding cats. The cage was
hung where the mother thrasher could
see its baby behind the prison bars.
The old bird flew instantly to the little
one with food, and fed it daily be-
tween the cage wires until its charge
was strong enough to fly and to sing
defiance to Tom and Tabby. 1t is
one was released to join its parents
the instant that its wing power was
developed.
In recent years the barn swallow
(chelidon erythrogaster). one of the
commonest birds of the country dis
tricts, has been invading the cities.
The invading host is not large, but
there is probably no great town in the
northern United States which does
not have hawking" about it's streets
few pairs of these birds, which for
merly were seldom absent from the
farm. AS Bradford Torrey, the New
England nature writer, puts it, many
business man has stopped suddenly in
the crowded streets at the sight of a
scurrying bird, which he recognized
as friend of his youthful days before
he had left the countryside to turn his
steps cityward.
1t was barn swallow which made
a bird lover of at least one present
day tramper of the fields Let him be
nameless, but he was led into the
ways of considering the birds by
barn swallow which as an unthinking
boy he had shot at and wounded. The
tip of the birds wing was struck. The
swallow was not injured severely
enough to cripple it, but the feather at
the wings tip turned and dropped,
leaving the bird so marked that its
identity would be unmistakable until
the feather was shed with the next
melting.
The swallow felt the sting of the
shot and instantly turned and circled
about the head of the boy, who fondly
thought he was sportsman. The bird
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1908-08-07

church sociabe or wheels you in a
wheelbarrow through the principal
streets of the village.
A popular wager this season will be.
bet with your wife that if Taft is
elected, you will split all the kindling
wood, and il Bryan is elected she puts
the cat out and winds the clock every
night. Another wager of great vir-
tue is to the effect that if Bryan is
elected. your wife will always be 60
ing away when your folks write
they are coming visiting. If Taft is
elected, you have to leave town on
sudden business every time your wife
starts to clean house. OF course, all
these things will happen this way,
anyhow, but having bet on them
adds piquant sauce, so to speak.
Rills, Thrills and FriIis.
We are watermeliing out Of our
garden! Uh, huh, sugar hearts! Yum,
yum,
man weo would write love letters
to a girl just to get them published in
book, is no gentleman.
L 4 4
A man who will get up and in his
robe de mutt go out into the rain at
one o'clock a. m. to rescue a bull pup
from drowning, has the dog bug bad.
And a blamed mosquito attacked me
in the calf of the leg, too. Did you
ever walk around the ward in the dead
stiffness of the night, wearing a flap
ping nightshirt, slippers and bland
smile? Do you know, l think night
shirts should be cut more on the bias
They seem to list too much when you
walk and the side porch draws across
your thighs until you feel all bound
up like But saved the pup!
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1908-08-07
WAS eRIST TO HIS MILL.
Proof That It's an III Wind That
Blows Nobody Good.

Proof That It's an III Wind That
Blows Nobody Good.
4 prominent Chicago lawyer tells of
an amusing incident which he wit
messed subsequent to a certain breach
of promise suit in which he had acted
as the defendants attorney. The two
were standing talking when they were
Joined by third man, a friend of the
client and an acquaintance of the law
yer. The third man had been out of
town for some little time.
Hello, old man, what are you look
ing so blue about?" the newcomer de-
handed, as they shook hands.
"Oh. I've had a little hard luck
I've got to pay Miss Blank $4,000 on
account of breach Sf promise judg-
ment," was the disconsolate reply.
Say. I'm glad to hear that. old fell
low" the friend exclaimGd fervently.
Selling the detected ones hand and
shaking it vigorously.
"'Glad TO hear it, I've got to pay
that money, tell youi What do you
mean?" the other demanded in aston
ishment.
Just that, my boy. 1t will be Just
about enough for us to set up house
keeping on-Miss Blank and | are TO
be married next month. you know"