davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Gond Shelter Saves Food.

Good warm dry quarters lessen the
quantity of food required to supply
the bodily heat in winter and when
any feed above that required for
warmth is fed it will be converted
into good healthy animal growth or
milk as the case may be. But when
the shelter is such that the animal
is compelled to depend upon such
food for heat, the food then is loss
rather than a profit.
1t is not for winter only, however.
that shelter should be provided. All
seasons have their advantages and
disadvantages. Warmth in winter,
and sufficient ventilation in summer
should always be provided: in other
words, the comfort of the animals
should be considered at all seasons.
In feeding all kinds of animals the
greatest object should be the profit
that is to be made by so doing, and
every advantage should be taken to
increase this profit l think one of
the heaviest losses incurred by many
farmers is the consumption of food
for the purpose of producing warmth
for the body because of improper
methods of sheltering the animals
during the period when snow, winds
and cold rains prevail.
This is matter that should re-
ceive attention by every farmer who
aims to reduce his expense of feeding
to the minimum.
1t is not extravagant to invest
money in buildings that will keep the
animals comfortable. Nor is it nee
essary that the buildings be costly
When the conditions regarding
both feed and warmth are favorable
the young stock will do much better
and not only the young stock, but the
older animals will show a great diff
ference, and, therefore, the profit is
more sure. The floor of the COW
shed should be thickly covered with
straw at least once q week, which
will be much more comfortable for
them. and every few days l turn a
bunch of small pigs in with them to
clean out anything that might be
dropped. When the weather is not
too cold cows left to run loose in
square shed with good roof. thor
oughly ventilated and with plenty of
light, will be more comfortable and
less liable to accident than when
fastened in any kind of stall and be
as clean as when on the summer pas
ture.-R. B. Rushing, in the Indiana
Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
MISSION, OF COUNTRY PAPER,
Must BE Clean, Have Character ana
Command Confidence.

Three prizes were offered at the
meeting of the Missouri Press Asso-
citation at Excelsior Springs for the
best articles on 1.-THE Real Mission OF
the Country Newspaper" Thirteen
entered the contest. The paper WIZ
ming the first prize was written oE
w. L. Nelson, editor Of the Bunceton
Eagle. and is here given:
1.-THE real mission of the country
newspaper is to give the news. With
ont news there is no newspaper
Facts and figures, not rumors or
hearsay, constitute news.
I'm the garnering of the news har-
vest the local field should be looked
upon with the most favor. In coun'
try newspaper nothing can take tne
place of country news. The story OF
the wide world is told under glarins
headlines and catchy captions in the
pages of the city papers-told SO fuliy
and so fast that competition in TINS
well filled field is folly. The local
field is for the country newspaper,
which alone gives to its readers the
story of you all's house, sympathlz'
ing with those who sorrow and re-
joicing with those in merry mood
More strictly speaking, then. the mis-
sion of the country newspaper is &c
give the local news.
1.-THE legitimate local field is furth-
er limited by careful selection. No
newspaper should publish all the
news-no more than should father,
sitting at his own fireside, repeat all
that he may have heard during the
day. A country newspaper must be
clean, have character and conscience
and be able to command confidence.
The best country newspaper is brave
enough to tell the truth when it
should be told and big enough to
leave untold a secret story of shame
and sin. when a scoop would only
add to the sorrow.
Important as is the news, no
newspaper fulfills its high mission
when it does no more than give the
news. A newspaper, and especially
a country newspaper, must be more
than a mere phonograph. 1t must
stand for something. 1t must be in
sympathy with those whom it serves.
1t is possible for newspaper to
point out to the people, many of
whom are its patrons, the pathway
to local possibilities which means
progress. Above all, the newspaper
should not fail to advocate those
things which mean better living and
higher thinking.
Finally. then, let it be said that
the real mission of the country news
paper is to give the local news ac-
curately and fearlessly, but in kind
ness, giving no unnecessary publicity
to wrongdoing, yet sparing not frauds
nor shams, recognizing good wher-
ever found, striving to build up rather
than tear down, so that the files of
the paper shall constitute a helpful
history, accurate, yet showing the
sunshine rather than the shadow
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Names of the Flyers.

The names of our newer trains
are taking on color. For instance.
the North Star Limited has a good
sound. The Rocky Mountain Lin
tied, too, means something. There
is touch of old romance in Golden
Gate Limited, while the New Orleans
Limited suggests the odor of black
coffee or gin fixes made by Ramos.
Then come all these birds of trains
the Early Bird and the Night Hawk
and the Red Flyer. Nor can we for
get the Meteor that sails across the
southwestern sky. The Continental
Limited has broad sound that sug-
gests the crossing of many States.
And is it necessary to suggest that
the Sunflower Limited goes to Kan
sas? The Dixie Flyer must be
speedy and the word Dixie proves to
US that this does not head for the
North, just as the Metropolitan Ex-
press and the Knickerbocker Special
are sure to be bound for New York.
st. Louis Times.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

in the weight of the cows with adj
vancing age. At any rate. there
seems to be parallelism between the
two sets of figures for the same cows.
Young animals use a portion of
their food for the formation of body
tissue, and it is to be expected, there
fore, that heifers will require
larger portion of nutrients for the
production of milk or butter fat than
do other COWS after a certain age
has been reached, on the average
seven years of age, the food required
for the production of unit of milk
or butter fat again increases, both as
regards dry matter and the digesti-
BILE component of the feed.
\ good milk COW OF exceptional
strength, kept under favorable con-
ditions, whose digestive system has
not been impaired. should continue
to be a profitable producer until her
twelfth year. although the economy
of her production is apt to be some
what reduced before this age is
reached. Cultivator.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Hindu FaI;nr.

Some of the trance-like conditions
into which individuals fall and lie
for days and weeks have been studied
and have been found to be frauds.
The subjects are surreptitiously sup
piled with food and drink by their
attendants or family. The same is
true of the alleged power possessed
by Hindu fakirs and ascetics of all
ages, of going into states of trance
in which they will allow themselves
to be buried alive and dug up again
and revived after several months
have elapsed. In one instance on rec
ord an individual of this class al
lowed himself to be buried alive and
his grave watched by guard of Eng
fish soldiers, and was dug up at the
end of the time exceedingly dead.
In another, the English officer in
charge became alarmed on the third
day, and had the fakir "resurrected"
when he was found still alive. A
reed or bamboo at one corner of the
grave to supply air would explain all
these cases. The whole subject is in
volved in such an atmosphere of mys-
terry and 'fakery' that it is impossi-
Bile to attach serious weight to the
claims made.-American Magazine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Hale on Orcharding.

At recent meeting OF fruit grow
ers, ]. H. Hale, the noted Connecticut
fruit specialist. told the orchardists
present that the old cider orchards
are passing out of existence and COM
mercial orchards must supplant
them. The apple is the all the year
round fruit. He further said in
part:
Give the orchard the best soil you
have, rolling land preferred. Pre-
pare this land thoroughly and con-
tinue thorough tillage. Get good
trees. Plan ahead and transplant
trees two or three times before set
ting in permanent place or pay nurs-
erymen for doing it. Head your trees
low. Manufacture them TO suit your
idea. Get them down where you can
handle them easily and cheaply.
Prune annually and spray often and
thoroughly. Thin apples. Good
trees overbear. This is the most
paying operation of all. Pick two to
four times to get all of crop at proper
stages of ripeness. We don't pick
the whole of any other fruit crop at
once, why apples? Don't plant
dwarfs, but rather dwarf your stand
ard trees by summer and root prun-
ing if they are over-vigorous. He
has thrown such trees into bearing
by blowing deep and subsoiling. Gull
tivate early and thoroughly until mid
die of July, then seed to cover crop
and let alone. Has no use for
.mulched trees unless it be an expe-
/ dent to throw overvigorous trees
into bearing. Mr.. Hale has used
commercial fertilizers supplemented
by cover crops for forty years, and
thinks them equal to barnyard man
ure. sHas secured results in color
and quantity with potash. Use care
in harvesting. If possible put apples
in cold storage every night. Com
munities should unite and build stor-
age plants.
In concluding, Mr.. Hale impressed
upon the young men the Importance
of planting orchards and then caring
for them. He knew of no more prof
table venture, but young men were
too impatient and the majority of the
apple orchards were being planted
by old men. There might be mar
ket for limited quantity of fancy
Western apples at high price, but
the bulk used by classes of moderate
means would be the apples produced
near home. Look about you. Most
golden opportunities are found near
home If we can only see them.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Oiled Roads Saved Millions.

The oiled roads of California have
saved millions of dollars to the ialil.
ers and fruit growers of that ler'ilo
State in the last few years by sup
pressing the dust that formerly arose
in binding clouds with the passins
of every vehicle. Those dust Clouds
floating to adjacent fields ana OF
chards. deprecated the price of farm
produce and lowered the values OIL
real estate to startling degree. - ~
sprinkling of oil was tried, anu 'no
dust was held in check. Inen SUI
of the roads were plowed ana 49,. ny
oil mixed with the earth anu nv
mass firmly rolled to prope,s
crowned surface. Splendid resui.s
followed in most instances.-Ne"
York Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Dustless Road.

Interesting are a number Oh eX'
periments now being conducted by
the office of public roads OF the
United States Department of Agrl-
culture, one being the effort to bulid
a dust proof road by combining the
heretofore little used blast furnace
Stag with asphalt of tar. This en-
deavor Is of the utmost economic In
portance, because If the hoped LOT
success is attained unsightly noun
tains of Stag will soon disappear
from score of cities, and ready
market will be established for vast
quantities of this material.
For several years the scientists III
the Office of public roads, as well as
in many of the more progressive
States, have been working to acnleVe
two objects, the utilization OF py'
products in road building ana the
development of dustless roads. Elk
periments already conducted lndicate
that crushed rock, combined with Tar
or asphalt preparations, bids falr u
solve in a measure the dustless roau
problem. Exhaustive laboratory
tests have indicated that Stag in coh'
bination with preparations OF tar OF
asphalt may be made to serve as
substitute for crushed rock. oe0-
lions OF experimental road are now
being constructed which will supJec'
the materials to actual service TEST
If the results are as satisfactory as
the preliminary conditions indlca'e,
the slag-asphalt or slag-tar roaus
will realize the hope of the sclentiS.s
for both the utilization of by-produc.s
and the attainment of a dustless ROAD
New York Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

strucuon and relative disposition of
the several parts being such that
when an operating lever is depressed
an egg will be deposited at the rear
of the nest and in position to be
conveniently removed. OF course, the
hen fruit thus handed out does not
carry guarantee to the effect that it
Is strictly fresh; but nobody will be
able to deny that they are not fresh
laid" The apparatus was designed,
also, 10 be used as a vending machine,
the deposit OF coin causing the hen
to lay an egg. When performing the
latter operation this near-hen dis
plays all the attributes of the live
fowl, fitting her head and tail and
producing a sound resembling the
cackle of the genuine bird.-Wash-
ington Star.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Where the Octopus Abounds.

The rock coast of Brittany" said
lifeguard. "abounds in octopus-the
pieuvre, as they say down there.
Walk at Breton beach at low tide
the beach of St. Luaire, for instance
and YOU will easily find in half
mile a score or more of perfect cutie
fish of those friable white bones that
birds love. They are from six inches
to a foot or more in length. snowy
and very prettily shaped; they make
nice ash trays. The peasants gather
them for bird food, for ash trays, and
also, l believe, for cigarette cases.
They are bones of the octopus, and
their abundance is q convincing proof
of the octopus in this rock-strewn
waters of France. minneapolis
Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
The Useful sunflower.

Sunflower seeds are said to give an
extra fine flavor to eggs and are
much used by the French people for
that purpose. Remember this when
you plant your garden and drop in
some seeds around the edges and in
The odd corners. A few planted near
the sink drain will help TO keep away
miasma and give you heads of seed
that will be mammoth in size
Weekly Witness.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
How to Kill Roadside w., {

" M i'o''dsioe Weeds,
Weeds growing along Coz
roads may do much damage t so
weeds of farms are caused in ~ he
roadside weeds that have hoe p y
lowed to go to seed. Manv g.. d.
have laws dealing with the eyto S.a!es
alton of weeds along the roasui iia'
and the Manual of the Iowa Hia Sslue'
Commission gives methods % 0s"sy
stroying various weeds. In thai 9. ue'
rag-weeds and thistles are comn s
and the squirrel-tail grass is boa0a'
Ing very abundant. Says writos !.
MISUNDERSTANDING: ~
1.-THE squirrel-tail grass is on :.
nual or winter annual, appeariss
abundantly in the fall. To nreva.s
It's seeding in the meadow. gro as
should be cut early. In this wav ms p~
grass will have chance to grow ass
It will not be necessary to plow ~
The roadside IL the grass is cut in tb;.
way for few years.
"The mustards may be eyterm;,
ated by treatment with copper.su,-
plate solution. This is made nv N,
use of one pound of copper sulnbato
to four gallons of water; fifty g.l
Ions should be used to the acre
The horse nettle as we'll as tbo
thistles are perennials and hence q
Is more difficult to exterminate them
The following method of extermin.
alton of the Canada thistle NAV hs
applied to this class of weeds:
1.-THE only method of treatment !.
to cut down and remove all of tho
roots as far as it is possible to do So
If done frequently and thoroughly
the weed can be removed If the
patch is small one, cutting off the
parts below the ground several inches
as soon as they appear above the
ground several times during the sea.
son, will certainly destroy it. In
large patches pillow the ground. har.
row and remove the thistle; either
burn the material or put into com.
post-heaps. This should be done five
or six times during the season as oc.
casion may require.
1.-THE best mode of exterminating
the horse nettle is to smother the
plants. This is probably the most eff
fective and least expensive method of
removing this plant. For this pur.
pose clover is the most suitable plant.
The soil should be narrowed or cult
waited frequently until the time of
seeding, which may be any time dur
ing May and June. Planting to corn
or oats is method also used in de-
stroying the horse nettle. The plant
should be kept down before seeding
time. The removal of the nettle
when in well-advanced stage but
before the production of seed (as
when cut, with clover or early GER
eals), is often resorted to, the idea
being to kill the plant by shock. This
method is simply an effective means
of preventing the production of seed.
dock, which is a common weed
everywhere along roadsides, can be
exterminated as follows: The most
efficient means of destroying this
weed is to root it out by hand, and
this is done very readily in the
spring when the soil 1t wet, by taking
hold of the plant just at the surface
of the ground, giving the root slight
twist and at the same time an up
ward pull, and the root will readily
come from the SOIL Where it is
common, however, it is sometimes
plowed or spud is used. This meth
cd is not, however, SO efficient as the
pulling method. Literary Digest.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Another Lesson From Nature.

Young gentlemen" lectured the
eminent instructor, "you are old
enough now to put away the childish
and trivial amusements that sufficed
for you when you were younger.
Learn a lesson from the dumb
brutes. and even from the reptiles.
When they arrive at maturity they
comport themselves with a certain
dignity"
1T isn't so with the rattlesnake.
professor" objected the young man
with the bad eye. "The older he
srows, the more rattles he plays
with. Chicago Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Strictly Fresh Hen Fruit.

A peculiar apparatus recently in
vented is shown in the illustration
below. The inventors-two Western
men-term it a mechanism for dis
pensing eggs and other commodities.
The apparatus was especially designed
for use in cafes, restaurants and SIM
liar places. The machine has the
general outline and conhguration of
a hen in the act of setting, the con-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Compact Facilities.

why do you favor 4 highly CEN
tralized form of government"
Because" answered Senator Sor-
ghum, Its more convenient"
But think of Rome."
That's just the point. Those old
Roman orators got up into the
Forum, made speech and went home
to dinner satisfied that they had
reached their constituents. They
didn't have TO struggle with mileage
books and sleeping car berths. -
Washington Star.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

How many heartaches and failures
and disappointments: how many SUI - :
and sneers there are for the sou =.
a great master" And 1t is nheis
that in the entire world Siegirieas
Wagner is the greatest example :.
the difficulty of struggling agalnss
such reputation, because MS wa'
the greatest of fathers. and his moln.
er, too. was a genius. -New s0fA
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

Transverse slots are placed in the
closed part of the box. The cutting
is done by means of thin wire at
tached to holder. The several slots
serve as guides to measure the butter
into the quantity desired. The divid-
ing is accomplished by forcing the
cutter down the necessary slot, the
latter acting as guide to insure a
perfect cut.-Washington Star.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
English Engineers RECORD.

A remarkable record is possessed
by James Dobson, of Selby, who has
just celebrated his golden wedding.
Mr.. Dobson was formerly en-
ployed by the Northeastern Railway
Company and as an engine driver 1t
is estimated he made fifty thousand
journeys and travelled practically
two million miles without serious ac-
cident.-London Daily News.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

No wonder that so many shops in
New York City sell shoes and that so
many shops sell nothing but shoes,
for 1t is estimated that the pedestri-
ans of that city wear out ASSOC pairs
of shoes each day.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Flood and Field

I hear Lushley has bought his boy
pony"
when l saw him he was buying
schooners for himself."-Puck.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

Papa (outside the Talking Birds
Show)-"I suppose it's quite safe TO
take child in?"
The Box-Ofice Manager-"Yes, sir.
l guarantee the performance abso-
lutely refined, but, of course. there's
always certain amount of risk with
the parrots. The Sketch.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

eliminated and the cutting performed
in an exact manner, New York man
has designed the simple butter cutter
shown below 1t consists of a box
open at both ends and also partly at
the top. At the end of the box hav-
ing the open top are numerous YER
teal slots, equal distances apart.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

There are S27.s75 miles of rail-
way track in the United States.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

New York City's water supply will
come from a watershed of 600 square
miles when the Catskill system is
completed.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

The French Congo has a pigeon
;ostgf service.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20
Butter Cutter.

In cutting butter into small guam
titles the grocer or packer usually
guesses at the size of piece necessary
to make the required weight. In
order that this guesswork may be
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-11-20

Fireworks were originated in the
thirteenth century by the Florentines,
and later were popularized in Rome.
, 1908-12-12

merely fulfilling his OblipntjOn r., a~aaa lf,o.
self. The Crown Princess has ,o'l - s;.ra ~.
proceeds to be devoted to til, ba.,i Of mo
victims of the Hannah mine d;4aste, IL a15i.
tion. to the Grown Prince Gift
New York, Dec. 9tb-Denofches r,3m
Caracas saw tho Venezuelan Government -
resolved to fire upon the first war.bip com
hitting an unfriendiy net. President Castro
recently bought three ounboate in Gcrmanv
Leaflets are being circulated crIticislpc Pres.
ident Castro, and urcjng Vice President
Gomez to seize the Government. Generals
Fernandez, Gabaldon aud Perez are l.. dino
revolutionary mo- emeuts. but they are u9i;n-
portant.
Dispatches from Port au Prince state that
General Simon has appointed Ales,rs. Hnny.
lvte, Chapeteau. Claude, Evillard. Roland
and Maony. members of his rnbinet: thnv arc
TO be called Councillors instead Of Ministers,
because General Simon is not regularly Pres
ident. General tiles has occupied Gouaivos.
FIX President AlcAi5 left with the Diplomatic
Corps a demand for reimburse eut for Tie
piIloge If his luggage. and called the Credit
Lyonnais stopping payment Of cheques.
Washington, Dcconher 9th. president
Roosevelt has sent LIS last mCsaa@a 10 Con-
gress. 1t contains twenty til usan,l words.
, 1908-12-12

The sloop FYorcr Blossom, of St. It's,
which left this port last week. for Windward,
got ashore on Che East End of St. John aud
Was bilged She ran to Coral ray on Sunday
half futl Of water. The leak was stopped bv
Alfonso Roberts and the Graf. got away
Yesterday 70 uestInat:on.-IiuH Notas.