davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

include large variety of plants and cut
flowers. The hothouses have an elabor-
ate display Of palms, rubber plants and
ferns from all countries. Many rare
plants and flower beds are set out In the
gardens, where there are plenty OF seats
weil-shaded by palm trees. The zooiogl-
cal Gardens are quite as extensive; the
collection includes animals from every
part Of the world; they are housed IN
picturesque homes of original design.
Berlin has many extensive museums
and all the rare collections are displayed
in large spacious buildings One OF the
handsomest is the Koeniglichen museum,
which is rich in its chronological exhibits,
representing the works of sayages and
barbarism of every land. There are
weapons from earliest times, cooking
utensils, sewelry and pottery made by
primitive people. The most valuable col
lection is the one gathered by DR.. Schlie-.
mann at Troy in 1871. In this collection
are many varieties of pottery and vessels
made of bronze, also, gold bracelets, but
tons. earrings, long chains and vessels OF
gold and silver.
Another museum Of much interest Is
the Arsenal; the collection consists OF
gnus, cannons, and flags that were used
by the German people in their battles,
besides those captured from the French.
The halls OF the generals are adorned
with twelve mural paintings of battles
The palace of the present emperor Is
large and beautiful. Its most attractive
rooms are the white rooms used on state
occasions decorated with silver plate once
the property of Frederick the Great.
Though the palace of the old Kaiser Is
somewhat simpler, it has priceless art
collections. The room, even to the win
dowsllls is done In malachite. All the
rooms are filled with splendid curios, but
Emperor william is a great collector.
Near to the palace are the old and new
gallery. The old gallery contains a
number of works of the great masters,
including Van Dyke. Rubens. Rafael and
Andrea del Sarto, while the national gal
lery has some of the best modern works.
The most interesting painting In this gallery
is the original portrait of the well-known
Countess Potowki The museum has many
interesting things, especially its mummies
and their cofans. The Pergamon Museum
is even more beautiful; 1t is made of
marble and holds the remains of the
Greek author that stood at Pergamus, In
Asia Minor, and also has magnificent
marble statue of Athena done in ivory
and gold.
Berlin is as well kept as it is attrac-
tive; great care and plenty of money is
spent cleaning the streets and bettering
the houses of the poor. The cleaning
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23
It's Ex1han3e

boulevard out through the Brandenburg
portal into the Thiergarten. This hand
some gate was erected at the end OF the
eighteenth century in imitation Of the
PropyIea at Athens. 1t has five drive
ways, and each Is separated by large
doric columns The main entrance is
always guarded and is only used by the
Emperor. This gate is surmounted by
quadriga Of Victory, which was taken to
Paris by the French in 1907, but was re-
stored some years later. The famous
Unter den Linden is nearly 200 feet
wide and two miles long. and is richly
ornamented with handsome buildings. At
one end are the imperial palaces, the
arsenal and the academy, while the Bran
denburg gate and the great equestrian
statue of Frederick the Great at the
other extremity enclose a fine vista. This
mass of fine buildings and the ornamented
open spaces around and between show a
brilliant and unique scene on a pleasant
afternoon in midwinter, which is hardly
rivaled in Europe. st. James, the parlia-
ment buildings, and Westminster Abbey
may be finer on summer morning; the
Champs Elysees is finer at night, but
Inter den Linden presents regal scene
at 4 O'Clock in winter, when the setting
sun showers its golden light on these
handsome buildings, the gay throng OF
soldiers in uniform, state carriages and
automobiles.
On Sunday the boulevard presents a
somewhat different picture; though less
elegant it is certainly more picturesque
and Bohemian. By noon the street is
thronged by people In holiday attire. The
restaurants are crowded, giving q rich
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

may not be applied, and that is another
sstufing'' with an oil compound that will
make the leather steam and water proof.
Practically every beltmaker has his own
compound for this process, but the process
has been brought to a marvellous degree
Of perfection and there are now on the
markets belts that shed water Ike a
ducks back.
Naturally in a belt factory the greatest
interest is In the larger belts. These trans
mitters of power are two and three ply;
that is, made up OF two and three thick
nesses or layers. In the making OF belt
Of so inches or more in width more skill
is required ana more care must be exer-
cised, for while the ends Of the strips are
feathered as though the belt were to be
single. the surfaces of the strips must be
perfectly fat. Some manufacturers In
making a two or three ply belt use a
square butt Joint which Is considered as
good as the feathered joint, though It Is,
perhaps, a greater test OF the strength OF
the cement.
In making two-ply belt 81 inches wide
the lower ply is made up of two strips,
one 80 and the other 27 inches wide. The
upper ply Is made up of three strips, two
Of which are 18 and one "a inches wide.
When the five strips are piled" the yari-
GUS Joints are separated throughout the
width and length and after the whole has
undergone a pressure OF a couple Of tons
there Is a solidity about the belt that
gives it every characteristic Of having
been made from one hide Of abnormal
length and thickness.
The belts running from 60 to s4 inches
are three ply and In making them the
principle is the same as in the two ply
and the strips necessary are ''piled" 80 as
to make all joints at different points
To make a three-ply belt 72 inches wide
ana 100 feet long 1t requires the hides of
225 steers. but 1t viii transmit 1000 horse
power and will run enough machinery to
turn out 900 worth OF finished prod
uct In 4 year; at least that u what one
Of these belts 10 now doing.
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

and watering of the streets is carried
out In the same systematic and efficient
manner that characterizes all the muni-
cipal departments. More than 30 miles
of street is laid down In asphalt. The
poorest quarters are well kept. There
are no signs of poverty even where the
houses are scanty. In their furnishings,
and the women and children are poorly
clad.
In the principal parks space Is set
apart for gymnastic apparatus of all
sorts provided for the use of common
school children, under the care Of their
teachers.
The suburbs do much to enhance the
beauty Of the city. There are few nner
royal residences than at Potsdam. The
old palace Is very interesting. In one
room Is a large painting, which repre-
sents a dinner party, at which the EN-
peror, yoltaire and others are the guests.
The French philosopher is talking, and
Frederick is shown as an attentive lis
tener. On the way to the Orangery is
the famous windmill, which is royal
property, though it once belonged to an
humble miller. The great German EN-
peror desired the property on which the
mill was standing, but the poor farmer
refused to sell 1t.
The Orangery is a handsome palace in
Florentine style, and was built by the
brother of the old Kaiser. The palace
was so called on account of the conser-
vatory where the orange trees and other
tropical plants are kept. On the terrace
is a splendid copy of the great Farnese
Bull. From the 0rangery rises the new
Sans Souci, built by Frederick the Great,
now used In summer as a royal residence.
The rooms are many and elaborate. Most
interesting is the shell room, inlaid with
shells, minerals and precious stones. To
the west of the palace are wonderful
parks, adorned with fountains, marble
statues and gardens. All about are dense
forests of pines. elms and a placid lake
into which the Havel River flows. Here
is a charming view of the river and Of
Peacock Island, where stands the sum-
mer house of Queen Louise. 1t is a
lovely bit Of italian architecture adorned
with two high towers, with front partly
broken to give it the effect of being
ruin. The place is simply furnished and
shown that the queen sought comfort
here rather than luxury. 1t Is at sum
set that the place becomes radiant, when
the last rays give a golden glow to the
lonely palace. the brilliantly colored trees
and the placid stream murmuring lul-
laby about the great German capital and
the splendid Prussian Empire.
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

fortified part unaltered since the early
occupation of the Hohenzollerns. The
strong. sturdy columns and turrets cut
the sky In sharp outline. In the center
of this bridge Is the equestrian statue OF
the great elector, known for Its colossal
size and fine workmanship.
The Wilhelm Strasse running from
point near the Pariser Platz, south from
Unter den Linden, has many palaces and
public buildings. Most interesting is the
palace where Prince Bismarck once lived.
Though the gardens are beautiful and
the houses spacious, it is furnished with
marked simplicity. Interesting though
these two boulevards are, the most at
tractive part is outside the Brandenburg
portal about the KONG Platz. In the
center Of this court is the monument Of
Victory inaugurated in 1873. Its pedestal
is richly adorned with reliefs IN bronze,
and the base OF the column Is surround
ed by an open colonnade embelllshed with
Venetian mosaics illustrating the war Of
1870 and the restoration Of the Empire.
Close to the statue of Victory Is the hall
of the Imperial Diet. 1t is enormously
large, done In the forid Italian Renais-
sanee style. The central part Is covered
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

with large glass dome.
Far more beautiful than Unter den
Linden is the Thiergarten. so called be-
cause 1t was once a geological garden.
There is no park like It combining the
character OF a natural forest, rich in
eIms and chestnuts, and the more arti-
fetal beauty Of a public park. The pleas
ATTEST part Is the See Park, where the
skating is done in the winter time. The
finest statue in the Thiergarten is the
marble monument of Frederick William
III. Though the place is rich In natural
beauty, 1t has many handsome statues,
for the broad, sfeges Alice is adorned
18th statues Oh Prussian rulers. Rival
i,tg the splendor Is the wonderful nature
Of the park, rich in wild forest, streams,
ponds, bridges and miles of shaded ave-
nues. 1t covers an area of GOO acres and
forms one of the largest and most useful
parks in Europe.
The west end Of Berlin is quite as at
tractive, for here are some Of the finer
arIstoeratic residences, with beautiful
homes and large well-kept grounds In
their midst are the splendid botanical
and geological gardens. The Botanical
Gardens are exceedingly extensive and
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

- HoUGH Berlin is beautiful city and
is spiendidly kept. this has been accom-
- plished by no small expenditure of
time and money. For the capitol Of the
Prussian Empire was conceived and de-
yeloped along old lines and had to be
reshAped and rebuilt. Hardly more
than a century ago this city was poor
sud exceedingly modest; It was not until
It became tha capitol Of the Prussian
Empire that It assumed this new appear
anee of splendor. The last three rulers
more especially have given great deal
Of time and large part of their own
private fortunes making Berlin one OF
the handsomest cities in Europe. Many
Of the finest bouleyards were heightened
and enlarged; new gardens were created
and many OF the older and poorer tene-
ment districts were destroyed, and in
their stead were made newly paved
streets, with modern, weIl-constructed
dwellings,
Though the handsomest Of the palaces
and churches have been built for CEN
turies, many Of the old government build
ings and public offices were torn down
and new ones put In their places. The
same Is true of the old-fashioned shops
and ofics buildings; their places have
been taken by handsome. spacious struc-
lures. Vhe people of Berlin are wonder
fully proud Of the Improvements that
have come to the capitol, as well as the
care they bestow on their bouleYards and
parks The most popular thoroughfare,
Unter den Linden. is a long boulevard
lined with a double row OF lime trees
and chestnuts. It is delightful on a
pleasant day to drive along this splendid
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

is called 'stufing," and upon the thor
oughness OF this process depends the life
of the belt. The stufing completed the
leather is ready for the beltmaker.
When the tanned hides, ready for man
ufacture, arrive at the belt factory they
are taken to the cutting rooms, where
they are marked for widths and are
then turned over TO men at tables. who
have rapidly-revolving knives not unlike
a circular saw in principle. This knife
slices through the toughest leather as
though 1t were paper, and one man VIII,
in the course of day, cut up as many
as 200 hides.
The next process is the cutting down
and feathering of the ends Of each strip:
This is done partially by a machine tnat
takes of the greater portf0n of the leath-
er, but the fnal touch must be made py
hand, as no machine will feather the euge
to the fneness that is requisite for An
even lap joint.
The feathering OF the ends is done for
the purpose of joining the strips into a
continuous belt and the art In joining -
to make the joint so fine that II cannon
be detected. More than that, each striD
must be Joined to the other at perfectly
true right angle, 30 that the entire belt
shall not vary a hairs 6readtn Iropn
straight
When the strips have been feathered
and adjusted cement is applied and the
jointed part Is placed under a hydraulic
press and subjected to a pressure OF
couple OF tons. according to the width OF
the belt, the smaller ones needing less
pressure. From the press the strips.
which are now dignihed with the name OF
belts, are sent to a machine Wnicn mas
two knives adjusted 10 the exact width
that the finished belt ia to be and tho
outer edges OF the leather are shaved on
and the belt comes out the other end
ready to 20 to the spool on which It Is
wound and given a anal polish, after
which 1t is wound on another spool and IL
ready to be shipped out ana take its place
m the Industrial world. There Is just one
more intermediary process that may or
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23


n HERE is nothing prettier or more in
a spring to an engineer than great,
4 almost silent engine-room in perfect
order. grinding out the vast horsepower
necessary to operate huge Industrial
plants. To the laynan the most interest
ing feature OF such an engine-room is the
main belt, huge piece Of leather prob
ably five or six feet wide, a hundred or
more feet long and half an inch thick that
travels from one giant wheel to another
at a speed of mile or more a minute.
In addition to the main drive" there
are many other belts ranging In width
from an inch to a foot. all OF which do
their share OF the work
The question most asked in an engine
room is where do the belts come fromT
and then, If one feels sufficiently inter
ested, visit to & belt factory is most
interesting 10 begin with the raw hide
Just as It is after II has been stripped
from the steer and follow 1t through the
various processes until you see It upon
the driving wheel Of an engine would take
considerable time, probably iye months or
so.
Strange to say there is much similarity
between the tanning Of a steers hide In
this year Of 1908 and the tanning process
Of a century or two centuries or unnun-
bered centuries ago. Oak bark tanning
produces the same chemical change In the
hide. and through much the same process
In the oak forests OF Tennessee now as 1t
aid on the banks OF the Nile when
Pharoah's horses were harnessed to chari-
OTIS with the same kind Of leather that
goes into the harness Of the twentieth
century fally-ho coaching team. Many Of
the distinct steps to the completion OF the
process have always been ths same az far
- NJ q
tools used BY tanners have been but little
changed.
On the other hand, there has been con
siderable change In certain directions In
connection with the tannery business.
Chemistry has been found q great ala,
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

The bare hide is then placed in
bath Of water and weak chemicals to
remove any of the lime from the pre-
vious bath. and then 1t goes to the
HANDLER" who gives 1t the first bath
of tanning liquor. The old machine,
akin to a huge coffee grinder. has been
replaced by a much more rapid machine,
and as the crushed oak bark drops from
the hopper It Is caught and blown to
the 'ieach tubs" These tubs hold
several tons Of bark upon which water
Is sprfnkled. This water, as Il filters
through, creates the fannie acid, and,
passing through false bottom Is pumped
into tanks and stored ready for the
handler"
As the hides come to thA chandler"
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

while modern machinery takes the place
Of much work that was formerly done by
hand and economy Is practiced In every
department. Many portions OF the hide
that were at one time thrown away are
now saved and utilized.
When the tanner receives a hide IT is
nrst washed or soaked In water to remove
all dirt and salt. 1t Is then placed In a
vat of weak IimeWater, which Is gradually
strengthened until the sixth day to loosen
the hair. The next step Is ''unhairing,"
and this Is done by laying the hide across
a beam and scraping the hair on with
blunt knife. This work In some tanneries
Is done by hand, but machine to DO the
work has been invented and found satis-
factory.
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

be packs them into a vat and pours
upon them the tanDlc acid, and In this
they are permitted to remain for 10 days,
during which they swell and the pores
open The hides are then taken out
and trimmed. The heads and bellies
are trimmed off and tanned separately
for shoe purposes, and the remaining
portions, the butts" that are intended
for belts, 60 to the 'laying away vats-
There they are packed In layers OF oak
bark and immersed In a strong tanning
fluid. The first layer remains 10 days,
and is then renewed and the process Is
graded up to 40 days for the hnal layer.
In this way the best oak-tanned leather
Is submitted to a process requiring at
least 100 days. Before the present CEN
Los Angeles herald., 1908-08-23

tury this process often required from
one to two years, owing to being unable
to remedy uneYenness Of the temperature
Of the water and other impediments re-
moved by modern practice.
From the tanning vat the hide Is taken,
again washed so as TO remove every
particle OF bark and then given dress
ing Of oil on the grain side and hung
In a darkened loft to dry. The temper
ature OF the loft Is kept even and when
the hide is dry 1t is rich russet color.
Again the hide is trimmed and the
heart, or best portion Of it, Is shaved
as to open up the pores for the FISH
and animal oils that will preserve the
leather. The application of these oils
Los Angeles herald., 1908-04-03
PAINTER SUDDENLY BECOMES
ILL AND DIES IN AN HOUR

While employed in painting the roof
of the residence at 267S Vermont av-
enue yesterday afternoon, Fred S.
Hartman became i'll suddenly and
was carried to his room Ut 5331s South
Spring street where he died in five
minutes after his arrival.
1t was about $3.50 o'clock that his
illness was observed by one of his
fellow workmen and his death occurred
an hour later. For some time, at in
tervals, he had suffered pain in the
region of his heart and it is believed
that his death resulted from heart dis
ease. He was 20 years of age and a
brother of Charles Hartman of 533la
South Spring street.
The body was carried to the under
taking establishment Of the Connell
COmDanY
Los Angeles herald., 1908-04-03
ENGINEERS CONFRONTED
BY SERIOUS PROBLEMS
Foresters Point Out That Woods
Exert Beneficial Influence in
Lessening Erosion and
Sitting

One of the most serious problems
confronting engineers today is the silt
ing and destruction of large and costly
reservoirs for the development of
power, irrigation works and other pur-
poses.
Foresters have always pointed out
that forests exert a beneficial influ-
ence in lessening erosion and sitting
and that filling of reservoirs can be
prevented only by the protection of
watersheds.
letter to Forester Pinchot from
j. B. Lippincott, consulting engineer
of the city of Santa Barbara, Cal,
throws light on this subject Mr.. Lip
pincott writes
at was determined that the city
should eXcavate a tunnel through the
Santa Ynez mountains back of the
town. This tunnel will be 19600 feet
long and is now nearly half finished.
1t is proposed thcn to build a stor-
age reservoir on the river, impound
flood waters and discharge them
through the tunnel to the coastal plain
around the city!
THE one grave question was the
sitting up of any reservoir that we
would build as the river was very
muddy in flood, and samples of flood
water sent to the geological survey
gave results that were rather discour-
aging.
consequently, the city bought two
reservoir sites so as to use the second
In case the first was destroyed ulti-
mately by sitting. The city also ap-
pealed to the forest service for assist
ance.
"The Santa Ynez reserve was Gre
ated, private lands largely eliminated
from our drainage basin and a vigor-
Gus policy was inaugurated by the for
est service to prevent fires and over
grazing.
For the past three years we have
had no fires in the basin above our
proposed diversion point and overgraz-
ing has been prevented, sheep and
goats being entirely excluded. During
the past three years we have also had
good rains, giving vegetation a good
chance to grow.
"I have just returned from an in
spection trip to the river. 1t was in
moderate flood. discharging about 500
second feet from it's basin of 220 square
miles above our diversion point. The
river was as clear as one of the high
Sierra streams. There was practically
no silt in it. over three inches of rain
had fallen during the week. The high
er peaks were covered with snow,
which may in part have aided the
stream. None of us had ever before
seen the Santa Ynez clear in flood be-
fore"
Los Angeles herald., 1908-04-03

LONG CHASE
IS ENDED,
OHIO DETECTIVE LOCATES MUCH
WANTED MAN
CHARGE OF VIOLATING ANTI
TRUST LAWS FILED
Prisoner viii Be Taken East Totay
to Stand Trial on Warrant
Issued Several Years
Ago
New Arroyo Bridge Will Road for Growing Sections

A. c. Lowe. travelling salesman for
the Winona Building company, whose
offices are in the Bumiller block, 4SO
South Broadway, was arrested yester-
day afternoon by Deputy Sheriff Claude
MatheWson on q warrant issued by
Governor Glllett in response to q
requisition of the governor of Ohio.
officer Earnest of the Ohio state
secret service called at the sheriff s
office and handed in the requisition and
warrant. Mathewson was detailed on
the case and arrested Lowe shortly
after receiving the warrant.
Lowe is wanted in Ohio to answer to
charge of high grade misdemeanor, n
penitentiary offense in that state. The
specific charge against him Is "con-
spiracy in restraint of trade" which is
a violation of the antitrust law Of that
state.
Several years ago. 1t is alleged, Lowe
was member of the board of directors
of a bridge construction company at
Mount Vernon, Allen county, o. The
officials of this concern are said to havo
violated the laws of that state and all
fled.
Detectives Detailed
Agents of the state secret service
were detailed to bring back the fugitiveS
to answer to charges of high grade
misdemeanor. The directors had scat
tered throughout the United states and
their capture was difficult. One by one
they were located, requisitioned and
taken back to Ohio. All but Lowe. He
was traced from place to place, and not
until a short time ago was he definitely
located.
The secret service department of the
eastern state learned he was in Los
Angeles and working for a building
concern. Investigation followed and a
reuuisition on the governor of Cali
fornia was made by the Ohio executive.
Lowe was not taken to jail last night.
After being turned over to Officer
Earnest he asked to be allowed to
straighten up some of his urgent busi-
ness before starting east.
Earnest granted the request and took
the prisoner to the places desired and
will probably allow the man to occupy
a room at a hotel until this morning,
when they will leave for Ohio.