davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
DID LEE EXPECT DEFEAT?
The Generals Significant Statement
After Sailors Creek.

My last official intercourse with Gen.
eral Lee was on the retreat. l was
sent to him with dispatches from Pres
ident Davis and reached him near mid
night of April 6 near Rice's station.
approached without being challenged
by single sentinel and found him
standing near a smoldering fire with
one of his hands resting ON an am
bulance wheel. He was debating some
order to Colonel Marshall, who sat in
the ambulance with lap desk receiv-
ing his dictation. AS General Lee
spoke he gazed into the bed of Goals
as if weighing every word. There was
no staff or escort abodt. so far as /
could see. Touching Sailors Creek, he
spoke bitterly and said in answer to
Mr.. Davis desire to know his proposed
line of retreat that 1t was beyond his
control; that he had intended to re-
treat by the line of the Danv. e road.
but had been forced Off that route by
the arrival of Sheridan ahead of him
at Burkville: that he was then follow
ing the line of the Southside road TO
Lynchburg, but the enemy was out
marching him and might force him off;
that his movements were dependent
on the developments of each hour, and
then he added .~"How can | tell? A
few more Sailors Creeks and it will all
be over-just where ! thought it would
end from the beginning" When first
published this statement its truthful
ness was questioned Fortunately
afterward saw two Of his staff, both
of whom said they had heard him ex-
press himself in the same way. There
may have been times when General
Lee, elated by some OF his surprising
successes. felt hopeful about the tri-
umph of orr cause From the proba-
bllities based on numbers and resources
his Judgment may have been warped
away now and then by the feeling be
expressed when, after Second Manas-
sas. Sharpsburg, fredericksburg and
Charlottesville, he said, NO general
ever commanded such troops as those
under me- But his mind was too
mathematical in its workings, and all
its calculations were too habitually
based upon what could be done with
a given number Of men and a certain
amount Of material to make him forget
the vast disparity between the contest
ants or hope for ultimate triumph
! John S. Wise in Circle Magazine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
PARIS THEATERs.
Manners and Customs That Strike an
American as Peculiar.


1t is not the play or the acting or the
applause that attracts and holds the
attention of the American who is at.
tending for the first time a Partisan
opening. 1t Is the audience. In the
first place, the predominance of men
In the best orchestra seats will provoke
question which brings forth the in
formation that in the majority of the
better class theaters in Paris the first
three rows of the orchestra are sold
almost exclusively to men, and. as far
as it is possible, the box SaEice favors
men for the body of the house, princl.
pally because they do not wear hats
and do not therefore obstruct the view
of those sitting behind. Before the
curtain goes up the stranger glances
about and is surprised to discover jew
els and gowns decollete in the highest
balconies, the part of the theater
known in America as peanut heav-
en-" Both men and women, dressed
as for a grand ball, are perched away
up at least three flights of stairs, and
during entr'actes they come down and
promenade with the others and visit
their friends, and few are the wiser
as to the location of their seats. The
very fact of being present at an i'm
portant opening is enough TO give
certain social precedence. even though
they sat on the rafters or chung to the
chandeliers.
Another feature which attracts the
American is that during the entr'actes
the men who do not join the prom.
enade stand up and don their hats the
moment the curtain is down, and they
spend the entire twenty or twenty-five
minutes inspecting their neighbors
through opera glasses. There is much
activity in the balconies and In the
boxes, caused by the social calls which
are being exchanged. In the orchestra
rows and family circles the men and
the women stand up, and opera glasses
are used freely by both, and many lit
tie tiirtations are enjoyed between
those in the balconies, or loges, and
those on the first floor
1t is not considered rude to level
glasses at any one, whether within a
few feet or up in the balcony. but it is
rather considered compliment to the
face or more often the shoulder that
attracts such close inspection. 1t is
true that the French are famed for
their polished manner, but it is equally
true that in the eyes of an American
kIo
ter appreciation of refinement than the
dapperest member of the French no
bility, and especially is this noticeable
In a theater.-Harriet Quimby In Les
ue's Weekly.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
CHARMS FOR LUCK.
The Sort of Superstitions Some Wall
Street Men Harbor.


Let all the dear readers, feminine
gender, take cognizance Of what fol-
lows. for surely the fairer sex Is. after
all, the stronger sex. Women know no
such abject obedience TO superstitious
fears and signs as do the men. With
view to eliciting something of inter-
est, the writer had chance to put
certain question to a captain of indus
Try. tut, tut" he replied suspicious
ly, you'd be getting me into trouble.
would you?" With promise that no
names would be mentioned, he finally
agreed to tell thing or two
The question was, Aren't men in
Wall street carrying all sorts of queer
things to try to change their luck?"
In answer to this the writer heard
some curious stories. One man of
worldwide fame, for example, carries
a cane in the center of whtch there is
slender steel rod. Circling the rod
there are rings made of leather and of
hard rubber, like the washers that
plumbers use. Each seventh ring is
made of leather from the soles of the
shoes worn by the Millionaire during
what he considered his luckiest year.
Elephants and pigs as lucky charms
there are of course in plenty, but the
proper caper is to wear the animal
pinned inside on the watch fob pocket.
Then there is another great financier
who carries with him a gold ink well
and would never sign document with
fluid from another receptacle. Once
upon time, when he had, say, only a
picayune million or two, he signed
paper in a deal that doubled, then ire
bled, his wealth. The ink used that
day was emptied into long gold tube
or well that he now carries. The ink
was used up, but to the well, so he
thinks, the good luck power has been
translated. Lucky coins pass from ia
Their to son in several of the multimil-
lionaire families, and the man who in
herits them would never be without
them. We have few secret drawers in
desks or doors in houses, as they had
in olden times, but there are many Sc
cret pockets in the suits made by
smart Enthusiastically Life.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14

boys stood in. a group discussing how
best to get rid of them. as they were
frozen like ice.
II tell you what. fellers, let's start a
fire and melt EN- said one clever
youth.
No one ever knew where the front
gate that belonged to the Quinns'
fence disappeared. and it was COM
ment among the neighbors that Mrs.
Mulqueen's kitchen shutters were stol-
en- that same day, but the snowballs
were duly melted. and the gangs saun-
tered toward Smiths hill for a few
coasts with their new sleds.
Inside the cottage DR.. Cosgrove and
Miss Murtha had barely spoken. The
doctor was beside Jimmy's bed, while
Miss Murtha was holding a piece of
Ice on Michaers cut.
Docs it hurt much now. Michael?"
asked Miss Murtha as she bathed the
wound, which proved to be not very
deep and of no consequence.
faint nothin'. Salvation" said the
child. His eyes sparkled as he contin-
ued: Gee. but that was a swell ride
had in the sleigh. just like a real gen
tleman. 1t was worth a biff in de eye.
I'll do it again if git the chanel"
kitty. take him out of the room,"
said the doctor softly. "And maybe
you'd better call Mrs. Quinn. Jimmy
has fallen asleep. and l don't want
him reused"
Michael left the room without the as
sistance of the Salvation Army, and
Miss Murtha went to call Mrs. Quinn.
They left the sick child in care of his
mother, and Miss Murtha dismissed her
driver and drove the doctor to his
home.
DIR. Cosgrove looked at the girl be-
side him. Even casual observer
could see the admiration in his eyes.
His very look bespoke his love for her.
kitty. | wish you would not expose
yourself to these diseases. That child
has typhoid, and | simply forbid you to
go there again." he said, with some en-
phasis.
Indeed, doctor, since when were you
appointed my GUARDIAN Kitty an
swered, with a scornful raising of her
upper lip. I'll go where | please"
Nothing more was said until they
drove up to the door of the doctors Of
fee, and then only curt goodbys were
uttered. The next morning Kitty was
at the Quinn cottage to hear that the
doctor had been there all night with
Jimmy and had finally fallen asleep ON
a couch in the dingy parlor. He had
pulled the little fellow through the
crisis.
Kitty stepped in and looked at the
sleeping form of the man who had
loved her so long and faithfully. He
had forbidden her to come again, yet
he would sit up all night with a sick
child from whose parents he would
never get fee. She walked a little
nearer to him. He reused.
kitty. Where am II" he said as
he shook himself and sat up.
'You are here in Mrs. Quinn's par
lor, Roland, and l am sorry was cross
with you yesterday" she answered
meekly.
"Kitty darling, won't you promise
me to give up this missionary work
and take care of me only? need you.
dear, so much," he pleaded.
"Yes, Roland, | will, because l love
you more than all the others put to-
gether," she answered as his arms
went about her and their lips met.
Just then Michael's shining face ap-
peared at the door, but with the honor
of the alley he cried:
Il didn't see nothin', Salvation, hon.
est!'
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
A ROCKING STONE.
New York's Souvenir of the Remote
Glacial Period.

New York's Souvenir OF the Remote
Glacial Period.
Though tens of thousands OF persons
yearly see the great rocking stone of
Bronx park in New York city, few
realize that it is the city's most con-
spicuous souvenir of the glacial period,
when all of this section was covered
with an ocean of ice some 1900 feet
thick that was moving slowly toward
the south.
That pinkish bit of granite, weighing
thirty tons. standing seven and one
half feet above its rocky base, being
ten feet broad and eight feet thick,
came from the far north. carried in
the resistless icy arms of the glacier
that swept over the continent down to
this latitude. marking its path by de-
posting great powders as moved
and leaving scratches on the firm rocks
beneath, from the sliding, grinding
bits and masses Of granite that set
tied to its base and w pushed along
as 1t moved.
This same bowlder left its mark on
the bare face Of the rocky hill to the
north Of it. in which lies the crocodile
pool. There the scratches are visible
today, pointing to where the bowlder
stands and telling the story of part OF
its travels.
When the melting ice departed from
the great block of granite. it left it
standing through the ages a rocking
stone SO delicately poised that pres
sure of fifty pounds exerted on its
most northern angle causes its apex to
sway north and south about two inch
es.-New York Herald.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
A GRATEFUL GUEST.
The Reward She Bestowed Upon Those
Who Entertained Her.


'Human nature is a queer thing"
said the philosopher.
"Not long ago some friends of mine
got badly down on their luck Times
were so hard for them that they scarce
ly knew which way to turn for the
necessities of life.
''At that most inopportune time they
received word from a woman friend of
theirs that she was coming to visit
them for a few days. They were dis
mayed, but by the exercise of great in
genuity and by depriving themselves
to almost the vanishing point they
managed to entertain her and really to
set before her most excellent meals.
"After she left their affairs contin-
ued to grow even worse, if possible,
and while they kept up brave front
was near enough to them so l couldn't
help knowing all about it, though they
were not aware that l saw the situa4
ton.
Il thought it was time some of their
friends came to the rescue If a suitable
way could be devised, SO / wrote the
woman who had been their guest
being slightly acquainted with her my
self-told her would head the process
sion, would like her aid and would be
glad of any suggestions she could make
as to practical plan for helping our
old friends without hurting their prop
er pride.
''Her reply gave me something to
think about for many day. She said
she didn't care to help them, as they
already lived too well and set too ex-
pensive table; that when she had
visited them they had great deal
more to eat than was necessary and
that they must be very extravagant
people; that it was undoubtedly their
own fault they were in such trouble
and that it would probably teach them
to be more economical in futurev'-
New York Press.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
Coffee as Remedy For Asthma.

Coffee is very excellent remedy for
asthma. Those who do not know how
to cut short their attacks and have not
tried coffee should do so by all means.
1t often succeeds admirably when al
most everything else has failed. There
are one or two little points to be at
tended to in taking coffee for asthma.
In the first place, 1t should be very
strong, in fact. perfectly black. Weak
coffee does more harm than good. If
made very strong, much of it need not
be taken. A large quantity is a posi-
tive disadvantage, for it is less rapid
ly absorbed and only distends the
stomach. Then 1t should be given
without sugar or milk. pure cafe
noir." 1t should be given on an empty
stomach, for when taken on full
stomach it often does harm by putting
a stop to the process of digestion
Family Doctor.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
An Army
In One.
By ]. LUDLUM LEE.
Copyrighted, 1908, by G. H. sutcliffe.

The snow had been falling for hours.
The air was heavy with dampness,
and the streets were crowded with
children. glad of the storm, as it offer
ed them an opportunity to use their
sleds. And at last here was the snow
they had prayed for.
In the middle of High street snow
ball fight was in progress. A motley
crowd of youngsters had made hun
dreds of snoHballs, and they were
ranged on both sides Of the street in
gangs" The recruits were lined up
ready for action when a sleigh turned
the corner.
"Cheese it. fellersw came from the
leader of one side. Here comes the
Salvation Army
"Beat it. Beat itv' screamed the
leader of the opposite forces. And in
rank disorder both sections disappear
ed around the corner and in doorways.
A passerby might have looked in vain
for the sight of the Salvation Army.
The sleigh drove up in front of little
cottage in the row, and young girl.
muflled in furs. got out gave some di-
rections to her driver and went into
the tumbledown home.
Members of the gang" began to re-
appear. and one particularly brave boy
stepped up and patted the horse.
1--WE wus just gettin' ready for
fight. but guess We'll have to wait for
the army to go home" he said to the
driver. Couldn't say how long that'll
be. could you?" he continued.
81 didn't see any army" said the
driver, smiling at the lad.
"Ah, go on said the youngster.
"That's what we calls her-Miss Muir
tina. We calls her the Salvation Ar
my. cause she's saved more sick and,
dyin' around these alleys than a regular
army. so that's our name for her. Pa
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
THE SHIPS OF TYRE.
Types of These Vessels Still In Use In
the Far East

Types of These Vessels Still In Use In
the Far East.
Away back, even when Solomon was
king in Israel, the ships of Tyre,
manned by brave Phoenician sailors,
went through the prehistoric canal
where the Suez channel is now and
navigated from China clear around to
England.
Their ships were the models for
Greece and Rome and later for Venice,
the Spaniards and the Portuguese.
Only the Englishman improved on
shipbuilding, and from him all mod
ern models have dated.
In the old frye models the waist of
the ship was low, so the oars could
get good play on the surface of the
ocean, and the sterns were lofty, so as
to give room for slowing cargoes and
to provide dry quarters for the upper
mariners.
AS wind power came into use the
waist grew higher and the poop deck
disappeared. Step by step from galley
to caravel. from caravel to frigate, the
British shipwrights improved on the
ships of Tyre.
But in the far east the models have
remained much the same, and the ship
makers of Persia and India have stuck
to the old Tyrian models to the pres
ent day.
Today their high square sterns re-
call the ships of Columbus. The mar
liners still have to get out of sight of
land and steer by stars and the feel of
the wind on cloudy nights. They sail
around Trinidad and carry pilgrims to
Mecca
These vessels, on which the queen of
Sheba might have travelled to visit
Solomon, are used by native Hindoos,
Arabs and by the peoples Of Indo-
China.
On board the captain, his men, the
cargoes, pilgrims and sheep, asses and
other live stock live in a proximity
that would stir an Americans stomach
to immediate rebellion. = Nashville
American
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
SURGEONS CHARGES.
Method by Which, 1t Is Said, the Fees
Are Regulated.


Frequently laymen who have had oc.
casion to settle the bills of surgeons
upon whom they have called in ex-
tremities to use the knife are heard
to complain against what they call
''the exorbitant charges of surgeons"
A skilled surgeon may charge $3.50
Cor simple appendicitis operation.
The patient, who never thinks of COM
planning until he is convalescent, OBJ
iects oftentimes to pr. ing the bill.
He says, 1T is outragVas for a sur
geon to charge $3.50 for half an hours
work.
The question of surgeons fees often
puzzles a patient. He knows of one
man upon whom a surgeon of wide
reputation has operated and charged
only SIS. lie may know of another
who has paid $1,000 for the same op-
Grafton. He cannot figure it out.
Yet surgeons of known ability and
national, perhaps international, fame
have a general plan in charging for
operations. Their prices range from
nothing to $1,000. They will operate
without any question of willingness or
ability to pay in any case where the
situation is imperative. Afterward
they will present the bill. The general
public does not understand how a sur
geon will charge one man $50, another
$3.50 and another $1,000.
Surgeons have fixed price scheme.
They aim to charge the patient about
one months income. They figure that
any person who is in such bad condi-
tion as to be forced to submit to a
surgical operation surely can afford to
give one months income. They ascer-
tain roughly what man makes per
month and send in a bill for that
amount. The man whose income is
but $50 month pays $50. The man
who gets $4,000 is asked to pay $4,000
and generally objects, even though
he should know that his life is worth
as much proportionately as that of his
poorer fellow.-Chicago Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14

In July, 1862, congress revolutionized
the American navy by passing the his
toric law providing:
"That from and after the LIST day of
September, 1862. the spirit ration in the
navy of the United States shall forever
cease, and thereafter no distilled spirit
nous liquors shall be admitted on board
Of vessels of war except as medical
stores and upon the order and under
the control of the medical officers of
such vessels and to be used only for
medical purposes.
"From and after the 1st day of Sep
TENDER next there shall be allowed and
paid to each person in the navy now
entitled to the spirit ration cents per
day in c5ipmutation and lieu thereof,
which shall be in addition to the pres
ent pay"
And since that day there has been no
'grog" in the United States navy.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
''socK IT TO Elm RIGHT ON THE COCOA .
THEY YELLED.


THEY YELLED.
and ma, they calls her Miss Murtha,
but the gang" calls her Salvation Ar
my"
Inside the cottage Miss Murtha had
laid aside her coat and was minister
ing to sick child. Her furs were
thrown carelessly over kitchen chair.
and she drew up another by the side
of the bed.
Now. Mrs. Quinn, go and take lit
tie rest. I'll sit with Jimmy until the
doctor comes. | stopped on my way
and told him to come around I'll
heat some broth for Jimmy and do ev-
erything that is necessary"
The weary mother went to an adj
Joining room without any protest.
Miss Murtha heated the broth and
stared anxiously at the little fellow.
She walked to and fro watching the
window in hopes of seeing the doctor,
but he failed to appear. Going to the
door she called to her driver, who was
still in deep conversation with the
boy.
''Elston. you'd better drive around
to the doctors and bring him back
with you. Tell him he must hurry.
Take Michael along with you to hold
the horse while you go into the of
fice," she added as she saw the rosy
checked lad gaping at her.
The sleigh and its two occupants
started to turn around. The recruits
had all returned by this time and. see
ing one of their leaders about to de-
sert them, Joined forces against him.
With one accord they rushed to the
piles of hard snowballs.
Sock it to him, Right on the CO.
Goa" they yelled.
The orders were carried out to T.
OF course some of the balls hit the
dignified Elston. but he tickled the
horse with his whip. and they spun
around the corner befor, much dam
age was done. They woe gone only
a few minutes, as DR.. co"grove lived
within few blocks Of High street.
The time was spent in renewing am
munition. however. by the boys who
were left in the street
Elston returned with the doctor, and
Michael snugly tucked between them
Suddenly well aimed shot struck the
little fellow in the left eye. With q
Scream he turned. but too late The
blood poured down his cheeks as the
doctor picked him up in his arms and
carried him into the house, where Miss
Murtha was waiting for him. She met
them at the door in time to have seen
the accident. Stepping out in the yard
she called the boys to her.
"Who hit Michael? ! want to know
at once. You ought to be ashamed O
yourselves when you know his littl,
brother is so sick. Who did it. | say?'
Had they been lined up for militar,
orders they could not have replied
with more even accord. Twenty voice,
answered:
81 done It,"
Surely there is honor on High stree
If money is scarce.
Miss Murtha proceeded to lectur,
them and assured them that she woult
be out again in few moments an,
wanted every one of those Snowflake
- ha1;a -disa nnoarad nv fhaf fine TIL
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
Much Wanted.

The following advertisement, quoted
from Boston paper Of date early in
the nineteenth century by Mr.. Janson
in 1.-THE Stranger IN America shows
that the domestic problem IS not one
Of modern manufacture. But what
mistress of today would dare TO inn
pose such conditions ON the hindrance
In the kitchen?
Much Wanted: A neat. we'll behaved
female to do Kitchen work in a small
family in Charlestown. near Boston.
She may pray and sing hymns. but
not over the dishkettle. She may go
to meeting, but not belong to the CON
gregation of midnight worshipers.
Inquire at Repertory Office, near Pos
ton.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1908-02-14
A Metaphor With a History,

To 'know hawk from a hernshaw'
IS metaphor with curious history.
1t is a comparison drawn from falcon
~. "Hevnshaw" is a corruption Of
"heronshaw." or young heron. a bird
which was common prey of the fal-
cons. To know hawk from a hern.
shaw is therefore to be able 10 distin-
guish the falcon from its prey. A fur
Their colloquial corruption crept into
the phrase ito know a hawk from Il
handsaw.r a form used by Hamlet in
zone place Possibly the distinction bes
tween a hawk ana a hernshaW was
found not to be strong enough for The
purposes Of the proverbs Manchester
Guardian.