davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
Many Substitutes HaUe Been
 Used in America for Money

fur where the strip was cut of as to deceive even the eye of a novice.
 4 significant if not sinister form of currency once forged at Newport, Bos- ton and New York was known aS Af- rican Iron. This African Iron was in the shape of bars. and was principally used in the slave trade. The ratio of exchange was twelve bars of Iron to pound of sterling. or S5 of our money. Thus in the fitting out of the Jolly Bachelor at Newport the account is set forth as: -Four buckneer guns, at six bars; two small guns, at four bars; six cutlasses, at six bars; powder at seven bars. etc" To this was added several boatloads of rum at two bars each. the whole costing "A bars. Fi- nally, when the Jolly Bachelor re- turned, after what We would now re. gard as the reverse of 8 jolly trip, e negro slave was itemized as worth stx- ty bars, or $S0.
 In colonial times, and indeed after the independence of the United States had been established, tobacco was le- gal tender in the Southern States. Thus in Maryland and Virginia all govern ment fees and taxes were payable in tobacco until 1906, when Federa1Smoney was substituted. But in the mean time the District of Columbia had been ceded to the Federal government with such laws as were in force there. un- less specifically altered by Congress. So. as consequence of the pressure of other work and interests upon Con- gress, tobacco remained legal tender In the District of Columbia until re- cent times As late as 1883 the fees of the Clerk of the Supreme Court, for example, In any transaction where the Federal government was itself a party. were still appraised in pounds of to- bacco and settled at the treasury by the old standard of valuation. 1t is possible that there remain some excep- tional fees overlooked by Congress which may still be settled in tobacco.
 Apart from these forms of American currency. dried cod has passed as such In Newfoundland playing cards In Cam ada, and salt in Mexico; while beyond this continent almost every eonceiv- able article has been regarded as money, from nails In Scotland to bricks of tea, which are now the unit of,value in some parts of Manchuria- As to the metals, lead. tin, iron and brass were tried before giving place to gold, sIl- yer and copper. But in this matter of currency there remains the curious ex- ception to the above rule, that oonsid- ering the high value all nations have set upon precious stones there is no record to prove that they have ever been used as money, unless the tur- quOise beads of our New Mexican In- dlans may be so regarded.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

itates to state for fear of being put in the Ananias class. The roses were the product of the loving care of Mrs. George T. Smith. of 2os Holcomhs Street
 A cablegram was received yesterday morning by Mrs Kate Pelligrini. an- nouncing the deatl1s at Paris, of MT John 'Peligrini. of Ponce, Porto Rico. MT. Pelligrinf was c brother of the late Matthew Pelligrini. of this city, and leaves a nephew, Mir. Matthew Pelli- grini, and three nieces, Miss Jeanie PellIgrini, Mrs. 1T. R. Ferrandini. of Montgomery. and Mrs. ! C MoGrew, of Lexington, Mo. --
 Mrs. George Johnston will give . luncheon to a number of the de- butantes of this year and last in honor of her guest. Miss Jung of New or learns,
 The Thirteen Club held a business meeting with Miss Christine class on Saturday. One item of the busi- ness transacted was ths- election of Miss Ellen Tyson as treasurer and of Miss Mary Mcqueen as bookkeeper'
 %
 Mrs. B. F. spaIdine. who has been the guest of Mrs. B. c. Jenkins, was called home yesterday by the sudden illness of her mother.
 +s- Q Mir. and Mrs. James B. Walters. of Showdown announce the engagement of their daughter. Mary Anderson. to Mir. Peter Hazen Graham, of Prattville. theg wedding to take placs at the Presbyterian Church at LeGrand, Ala. on December 9.
 Miss Ruth Ganther Roper will re- turn today from visit to Mobile.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
PoPE,S DETERMINED STAND
 ATTRACTS WIDE COMMENT

Milan. Nov. 21.-Almost all the prominent journals devote a leading article to the afirmations of the Vati- can as to the Pope's renewed determi- nation not to permit Catholic rulers to kisit the oulrinaI nor himself to is- sue from the Vatican so long as the so o-called Roman question remains un- solved to the latter's satisfaction.
 La Stampa, of Turin, reviewing the thlrty-eight years history of the Papal protest in vindication of the claim to temporal sovereignty, remarks that the Roman Curia, in dealing this fresh slap in the face to Italian patriotism vainly adduees the novel plea that it's policy has not prejudiced Italian inter ests, either at, home or abread. Lee XIII. whose tactics are to be adhered to make mo- secret that his program aimed directly, at weakening Italy's in- fiuence in international affairs and breaking up the Triple Alliance.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

lower hall and as Miss Tendon and MISS Lucy Phillips descended the stairs she was showered with many useful and pretty articles.
 Miss Hendon was beautifully gowned in a Directoire model of apricot satin crepe with trimmings of hand painted satin and lace, wearing a large picture hat to match. sn
 In the library the game Of "OId Maids" was played with enthusiasm. The place cards were dainty pen and ink sketches of brides. The award for the highest score was to Mrs. Laurence Lewis. 6 beautiful Book of Sweet hearts" Fate decreed that Miss Annie Lyde Smith should be an old maid, and she was given the old maids solace, Q Maltese cat tiedwith yellow ribbon. A handsomely bound brides < book was presented Miss Tendon as guest Of honor. ..-.--N S.s
 Miss winona HUI rendered several selections on the piano, and thensto the strains of Mendelssohn's wedding march the guests repaired to the dining room This elegantly appointed room was an artistic picture. The color scheme of yellow and white was carried out in its every detail. The mantei was banked with yellow and white chrYsanthe- nuns. The table was exquisite with It's lace cover over yellow satin, the center cluster of yellow chrysanthe- mums and the crystal candelabra tied with yellow ribbon and holding white tapers. The brides cake was beauti- fully embossed with yellow chrysanthe- mums and lilies of the valley.
 As each guest cut the cake she eager iy sought the ring. The ring was cut by Miss Phillips, the dime by Miss Hill and the thimbIef by Mrs. John H.. Drake ford.
 The refreshments were delicious, con- siBting of orange sherbert in orange baskets tied with white ribbon, yellow and white hints and salted oceans.
 Many appropriate and amusing toasts were given the. bride-to-be. The favors were cake boxes with Miss Hem don's initials engraved upon them, in which the guests carried home brides cake to dream upon.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

Where Is the money? Is a question that many people have recently been asking, Money has sometimes been a result of curious local necessity or convenience. In the United States. for example. many things have been rec ognized legally as money, quite apart from the metal and paper currency we now possess.
 While most people have heard of the wampum shell currency of carly times, 1t may not be so generally known that cows were once recognized as legal tender in Massachusetts. It was quite a long time ago, of course. but never theless 1t is a fact that cows were re- ceivable for taxes in the old common wealth. But this COW money proved to be extremely unsatisfactory to the State treasury.
 In framing the statute the early financiers merely spoke of "a COW. and 1t does not require a brilliant im- agination to perceive how the shrewd Yankee farmers took advantage of such an elastic designation. "A cow'' might be Interpreted to mean any old bovine creature that could tOtter along on four legs, so pretty soon the An cient and Honorable Commonwealth of Massachusetts became the possessor of a herd of such venerable cows, such scrawny and woful looking cattle. that in the face of financial disaster the statute making cows legal tender had to be repealed.
 With more success the Federal gov ernment long maintained a monetary system of cattle rents with some of the Indian tribes. Presumably the h. dians lacked the shrewdness of the Yankee farmers in such transactions, for so far as is known Uncle Sam new CT had occasion to register any kicks regarding the age and condition of his cattle taxes.
 From cows to bullets seems like a tump indeed. but 1t was with watch ful eve on the Indians that the State of Connecticut made bullets legal ten der. In order that every settler might nave a plentiful supply of bullets on hand. 1t was enacted that bullet should be worth farthings or about half a cent of our money.
 Tn the early days of the United States e,,ra and skins were very generally transferred from hand to hand as money. Thus. in the Northern States, a hound of beaver was regarded as the init of value, and in the South the sanae weight Of deerslrin performed . similar function. In the Far West f1lrs retained currency value until quite a recent oRhSs 6ok. &KGor all, as a hale of skins was rather a bulky roll of money to carry about. it was cus- tomary to cut off small strips Rs to- kens of ownership and pass them from hand to hand, while the skins were de- posited in recognized places of securi- ty. Proof of rightful ownership was demonstrated when the strip was fittsd to the part from which 1t had been de- tachsd. Trickery in substituting an- other skin was not So easy as might be imagined, because it seldom hap pened that two skins would prove so exactly similar in shade and length oi
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
HoNoRs MISS HENDoN.
Frs. Th6mpsOn, of TunkeRee. Gives
 Beautiful Enteraafn,nent

Mra. ThOmpSOn, of Tuskegee, Gives
 Beautiful Entertainment.
 Tuskegee. Nov. -(SpeciaI1-One of the prettiest social affairs of the sea son was the miscellaneous Ahower par- ty with which Mrs. Ernest Thompson complimented Miss Susie Lee Hendon. whose marriage to Mir. Walter Leon Stevens will be an important event of next week.
 The pretty home was a bower of beauty. A profusion of chrysanthe- nuns was used with handsome ferns. making an effective background for the beautiful costumes.
 Mrs. Thompson was assisted in re- ceiving by her sisters, Misses Maggie Phillips and Lucy Phillips. of Marianna, Fla. She wore an exquisite Directoire gown of peach marduisette over silk. with trimmings of real lace.
 Miss Phillips wore a ping lingerie gown. while Miss Lucy Phillips was in blue.
 The guests were assembled in the
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
WIRES TO EXCHANGE.
portant Connection Of Western Un-
 ion With nEonfgomeRy.

Important Connection or Western Un-
 ion With Montgomery
 Manager c. A. Fonville. of the Western Union Company in Montgom' cry, announced yesterday that he had just succeeded tn securing. direct wires from Montgomery to the floors of the Cotton Exchange in New York and New Orleans.
 "This." said Mir. Fonvilis, "puts Montgomery ~on the same commercial telegraph basis with the large cities There has been a. demand for quicker service to the great cotton exchanges and have impressed our management with this fact.
 Business men of Montgomery may now reach the cotton centers speed fly. Heretofore there has been much delay and consequent annoyance"
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
BRYAN's FUTURE AMBITIONS.

Reiterates His Former Statements In
 Letter to OGvernOr Noel.
 Jackson, Miss Nov. 21.-William J. Bryan. in a letter to Governor Noel. concerning his future ambitions re- iterated his former statements, and in reference to Senatorial honors said:
 q note what you say in regard to the Senate. We do not elect for two years yet. and I am not sure that l shall be a candidate. prefer to do my work as a private citizen. Even the Presidency was not attractive to me, except as it offered an opportunity to participate in the securing of re- forms, and I was candidate only because 1t seemed to me. from what others said. that I might be able to strengthen the party"
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
Pope Piun Recovers.

Rome. Nov. 21 1.-The Pope has al- most entirely recovered from the cold and hoarseness that recently made 1t necessary for him to discontinue his private audiences, and this morning these audiences were resumed. The pointin. however, still looks pale and fatigued. Today he received Man ager Kennedy rector of the American College here and Rev. George W. Mundelin. chancellor of the diocese of Brooklyn.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
rouR ARE KILLED.
Five others Injured When Trs
 r.a Iua., HnnA Gnr-
Train

Five others Injured When Train
 Crashed Into Hand Car.
 Chicago, Nov, 20-Nine track Iaborers on a hand car were run flown by A Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad passenger train between Highland and LaGrange. H., today. Four of the nine men met death in- stantly and the other five were badly injured.
 The accident is said to have been due to mistake on the part or the iahorers who put their car on the wrong track.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
tMPRoVEMENTs AT sEALE.
Citizens Subscribe Money to Insure
 Rank =

Citizens Subscribe Money to Insure .
 Bank.
 Scale. Nov. 21.--(Speolal.)-It is now assured that the people of Scale and vicinity will soon have banking and warehouse facilities.
 These two much needed institutions will be provided by January 1. Mate rial is being placed on the grounds and work will begin within the next few days. e. ---
 The subscription book for stock in the bank was opened this morning and nearly all the stock was taken by cit- izens of Scale. The capital. stock Is to be &25, ,000,. 60 per cent to. be paid in on January 1, 1909, and 20 per cent to be paid March 1. 1909.
 Work has been resumed on the court house and the contractors claim it will be completed within three weeks Sewer pipe has been laid from the court house and jail to the Silver Run Creek and waterworks will be put in. They have already put in pump and gasoline engine and will put up 5000 gallon tank to supply the water. t,
 Mir. and Mrs. c. W. Arrapt. who have beeh boarding with Mrs. R. K. Chadwick, have moved into the Lewis house on Jackson Street.
 Mrs. W. E. Thompson has been con- fined, to her bed with .erysipelas for several weeks. Her condition has not improved very much.
 E. G. Ragland while coming to Scale yesterday from his home at Pittsview. came very near being serfr ously injured by his mule running away and throwing him out against a tree. He has several cuts about his head, one ear being nearly torn ofG The buggy was completely demolish ed
 Judge A. A. Evans will come to Scale in a few days to see about hold ing a special term of Circuit Court as soon as the building Is completed. On account of condition of the court house no court has been held here since last
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
SELLS INTEREST IN HOTEL.

Birzninghaa HEen May Improve Hunts-
 ~VETIe Property.
 Huntsville, Nov, 2k--(Special.) )-The interest of Colonel James F. O'Shaugh- messy in the Huntsville Hotel has been purchased By J., B. Penny and associates of Birmingham. .,sH4
 It is stated that the new owners of the property will make extensive im- provements.s
 Colonel O'shaughnessy has, decided to hold his interest in the, Monte Sano properties that he has held for several years and he expects to spend a great deal of money in making improve nents. -t-.se
 One of his propositions provides for the sconstructnon and operation of an electric line connecting the mountain with the. city. s~
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
OLD COLLIER HOME BURNS.

Fire Destroys Ante-BeIlnm Residence
 in Huntsville.
 Huntsville, Nov. 21-(Special )-The old Collier residence south of Madison. was destroyed by fire yesterday, the loss being $15,o00. insurance SS,5Oo. It was one of the old style palatiaI homes of the planter period and 1t was A reminder of the wealth and luxury of that happy period of the south's his. The house was owned by R. E. Sprag- inRs and James Bronaugh.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
SERIOUS FIRE IN TALLAPoOsA
Barn of Mrs. Smith Destroyed, Los A2.aOA.

Dadevllle. Nov. 21.-(Special )-The barn of Mrs. Elizabeth smith, on the old Spring Smith place, three miles southwest of Dadeville together with six mules, two horses and a large amount of feed stun, was destroyed by fire early last night.
 The loss Is about 42.5oO with no in- surance.
 Mrs. Anna E. o'Brien Is dangerously Ill with pneumonia at her homo near the depot
 A large amount of cotton has been brought to Dadevills this week. Many of the farmers are storing cotton. wait ing for higher prices but the mer- chants are selling as fast as they get 1t.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
Services at Dexter Aevenue Baptist
 Church,

Rev. K. c. Judkins. pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church (col- ored). who has been attending the ne- gro Baptist State Convention in Tus- caIooaa during the past week. has returned and will i'll his pulpit today at i1 a. m.. and p, m. He reports that the convention was largely at tended and that large donations were made to every department of the ohurch work Ths services today will be as follows: sdnday School, 9:s0 a. m.: preaching, II a. m; and preaeh- ing, ?. m.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
COUPLE RELEASED.

George and Daisy Mitchell Get Free
 dom on Habeas Corpus.
 Upon the motion of the attorney for the State George and Daisy Mitchell. q white couple who were arrested a month ago for alleged larceny. were released by Judge Sayre Saturday morning. The two sought release on 6 writ of habeas corpus, and during the hearing the proceedings were cut short by, the motion for release
 The white man and woman had been confined In tho Montgomery County jail for the past month, failing to make bond. The specific charge on which ,they were held was that of an alleged robbery of fellow guest in a hotel, of $50.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

fatally here, today. when a part of a hill at the head of Ernst street was loosened by a powder blast. burying tho men under an avalanche of dirt The probably fatally injured are Mar tin Connell and George Smith. All the injured were members of a railroad construction gang.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
FRESH ROASTED COFFEE

Monday mOrnInG we will have hot Srou, 4he rOaster two delicious blends of 1reGb roasted coffee, 20 and 25c a pound. With a pound of coffee we will sell xou 20 pounds Standard GranuIated
 BROCK GROCERY co.
 Pure Food Stores.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
DEATH OF MRS. LEE,

we'll Known Woman Passes Away At
 Clayton
 Clayton, Nov. 21-(Special.)-Mrs. C.. ", Lee died here at the home of her sister, Miss Addie Ventress, yesterday afternoon. and her remains were inter red this afternoon in the cemetery at this place.
 Mrs. Lee had suffered several strokes of paralysis and was for several weeks completely pFostrated from these att tacks and her death. while a great shock to the community. was not unex' pected-
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
COURT MESSENGER ARRESTED.
spent Night In Jail Charged With
 CounferReitfng,

spent Night In Jail Charged With
 COunterfeiting.
 vienna. Nov. 21.-Baron Reitsol, s Russian court messenger on a special mission from St. Petersburg to Con- stantinopie, was arrested at Budapest recently on the charge of passing false coin.
 The Baron broke his journey to stay the night in the Hungarian capital and visited a number of places of amuse- ment under the guidance of an official of the consulate. During the evening infoxmation was given to the police that the Baron had passed bad money. and he was arrested. The Baron de- clared he had received the money just before from a waiter in a coffee house, but was kept all night in a police cell in spite of the fact that he de- clared his identity, and was wearing a magnificent court uniform. The next morning his identity was admitted, and he was released. The Baron is a mem Der of the Czarina's household.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
BiE Bank ADsOrhea.

Kansas City, Nov. 2i.--The Union National Bank with deposits of &1s.- 100000. was absorbed today by tha National Bank of Commerce of Kansas City. The Union National was one o3 the oldest financial institutions in tho city and by combining the two the commerce will have a total of ss1.s ,O00 In deposits
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
sneea .tl.a Pnrtrnr Gnent.

Everyone naturally welcomes visit. ors to the city;, in addition we speed their departure by providing an ample stock of tailor made trunks, stylish bags and handsome suit cases for their
 Gilbert Trunk Co.
 21s Dexter Ave adv.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

The following transfer of property was recorded in the office of Probate Judge Gaston Saturday:
 Virginia Cunningham to James Gun ningham. lot S5. O'ConnelI and Hard away plati consideration, 426.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
Coneert.

Monday, November 23rd, at 8:S0 D. m.. Miss Fanny Loclxett Marks. violinist assisted by Miss Elsie Jones, Soprano, and accompanied by Mir. L. P. Merkel Pianoist. will give concert at the Seals Piano Parlors, Ill Dexter Ave- ntie. Admission. 75c. adv.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
CHICAGO BUSINESS MEN.
Party Spends Busy Time in Birming

Party Spends Busy Time In Bfrming-
 Birmingham. Nov. 21.-(Special )- After an automobile ride, throughout the city during the morning, q lunch con was served the Chicago party of merchants, bankers and newspaper men at the Country Club. Dr. John [. Parker presided at the table, around which were about 100 prominent citi- gems.
 Among the speakers were Rufus N {. Rhodes, R. C. Jacobson. Richard Hen ry Little, John F. Mann, Walter D. Moody, J. C., Claire. Robert Jenison, Nathaniel Butler. All but Messrs. Rhodes and Jenison were visitors. The theme of the speeches was close rela- tionship in business. and friendship.
 The party left here on a special train over the Illinois Central Railroad for Chicago
 During the luncheon at the Country Club, J. c. Claire, who is industrial commissioner of the Illinois Central Railroad. announced, that Q meeting of the American Railway Industrial As- sociation, of which he Is President. had been called to be held in Birmingham on Dec. 6.
 The association is composed of a membership of 100 industrial agents of the railroads of the United States, and is considered an important factor in railroad development.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
@MoRE LEsE MAJEsrE.p
German Police COnhscate Issue of I
 don Punch

Vienna. Nov. 2l.-An issue of Lon don Punch" has been confscated here for lese majeste. owing to the publi- cation of a political picture of the Aus trian Emperor. The cartoon, which is by Bernard Partridge. depicts the sul- tan of Turkey as a frightened hare. with the Emperor Francis Joseph as a hound in pursuit The German Elm peror, in hunting costume. is running beside the hound.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

VOlIe skirts cleaned without shrink age or fading.
 French Dry Cleaning Co.,,
 2O3 Dexter Ave.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
MONDAY BARGAINS,

MONDAY BARGAINS. Fancy Full Cream Cheese 1Sc pound. 2A-pOund sack Fancy Patent
 Flour ...t 1Oe pound. AS-pOund sack Fancy Patent
 EA0uE $1 4V poUMu. 1-2 Bbls rGncy Patent Flour 9200 pound 1-2 gal. Genuine Pure Ga. Cane
 SyEup $OS 2,0OO pounds Sugar Cured
 Hams ., ... ... ...... .14c pound
 BROCK GROCERY co.
 Pure Food Stores.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

Last week we cleaned nfty.eight sets of RuFs-yOurs need cleaning
 French Dry Cleaning Co.,, Phone HIS. 203 Dexter,
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

Capital City Marble Co.,, marble, granite and buiIding stOne of all kinds.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

Capital City Marble Go, marble, granite and building stone of all
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22
Ten Men EniuRed.

Cincinnati, Ohio. Nov. 2l.-Ten mon were injured, two of them probably
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

Capital City Marble Co., marble, granite and building stone. of all
The Montgomery advertiser., 1908-11-22

MT. Harry Davis has returned home after having undergone an operation at St. Margaret's.