davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15

Marshal Thomas +. Mcguire. who Is
now responsible for the workings Of
the system. finds the doss very helpful
in the performing of their duties. lie
says the system Is a successful one aud
l. q great aid to the policemen Oh their
beats.
The South Orange marshal has begun
TO strictly enforce the rules for the
Kennels which were prepared last week.
lie says that since the dog system was
introduced the village has been free
from b%urglaries at night when the
dogs arc on duty and this fact must be
taken into consideration when the i'm
portance OF police dogs is discussed.
The marshal declares that the dogs
must be 81 great value If crooks &c.
main out Of town while thoy are on the
job.
Like the rules governing the police
station aud policemen. the South Or
ange police dog Kennels have laws thai
receive much attention in village cop
dom. These rulcs should prove inter
esting as they win show the care with
which the police dogs and kennels must
DC handled in order to get the best re
suits. They arc as follows:
NO civilian will be admitted to tho
Kennels except on written permission
Of the committee on police.
"Only uniformed members of the
force win be allowed to associate with
or handle the dogs.
I'm no case are the dogs to be petted
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
ZM DoGo q RMMx1xNn-

return from their work In the morning
their blankets, bearing the initials IS.
o." and the numbers are taken from
them and put away opposite their stall.
Then off comes their muzzles, made
of leather, and then the leash. o long
leather strap which slips through the
collars of the dogs and is held by The
policemen. The last part of the uni
form comes off next. This Is a collar
bearing the inscription, South Orange
Police Dog and the number. The dogs
her turn in for a nap, and at s o'clock
receive a hot breakfast. Afterwards
they are given exercise by Policeman
Matte, INT later they are groomed.
The policemen who have the dogs on
their beats besides Matte are Police
man Edward Tracey, with Bob" and
Policeman Patrick Skiffington, with
Fox The fourth dog has not as yet
been regularly assigned. These dogs
are not allowed to become friendly
with any other men, and this is a strict
rule of the department. To carry out
this plan it is necessary to keep every
one but the officers outside of the ken
nels n the police station yard.
The daily exercise Of the dogs is held
in his yard, which is now inclosed by
a board fence and mo admittance" on
the gate. Here also the dogs are trained
to aid the policemen in effecting the
capture Of criminals. In making their
rounds at night they are taught to
Bark loudly just as soon as they see
a prowler. Last winter Bob found
a man almost frozen in the snow and
attracted his master, Policeman
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
Burglars Keep Out of Town
: Since Four-fOoted Sleuths
Patrol at Night.
MEN IN UNIFORM ALONE
ALLOWED TO HANDLE DOGS
lave a Special Trainer and
Quarters--ldea Originated
with Police Chairman.
BY Z. V. LUKENS.

- OUTH ORANGE is just one year
- ahead of New York city in the
installation of the much-herald
ed police dog patrol. These canine
night sleuths have been doing faithful
and consistent duty since the system
was installed.
Crime is on the decrease in South
Orange and Police Marshal Mcguire
told me yesterday that burglars have
kept clear of the town at, night since
they learned that tho dogs were really
capable of detection. 1t is a we'll known
criminolosical fact that criminals fear
animals more at night thar they do
men.
The importation of foreign logs for
police work by Commissioner Bingham.
of New York. while generally supposed
TO be a brand new idea, is now proven
20 ave been preceded by a twelve
ElontE by the action of Rowland d.
Ferr,ae, chairman of the South Orange
Eo,sce committee. The only difference
* that Bingham imported dogs at
great cost, whereas Perrine, secured
his information from the police chief
of Client, Belgium. where the system
has been perfected, and then proceeded
to train American bred dogs to thu
tasks of police patrol.
Dogs Protect communities
In his comprehensive communications
from the Belgium police officer, Mr..
Perrine found that the foreign dogs
protected communities like South
orange, where t~heNhouses are set back
from the roads and inhabited by the
Well-to-do. The dogs were trained to
circle the houses n look around for
suspicious characters who might be
in hiding awaiting opportunity to rob
The inmates. Mr.. Perrine at once
started to find suitable dogs, and told
h police of his plans. He secured a
collie dog named Rover as police
dog No. ] from q BellevilIe woman Who
had read of his desire for dogs of the
kind. Rover was put on the ounds
every night, taught to go around
houses, fand Policeman John Matte
was intfusted with the training of the
animal. In a few weeks it wa shown
that theN dog could be taught how to
detect a crook, and other dogs were
secured. There are now four regular
police dogs in the department who are
just as good as the New York dogs,
which were procured at great expense.
One of the dogs wandered into the
police station one night and was at
one adopted for the system by Mr..
Perrine. 1t is now police dog Nc. 4,
and is called Jim The dogs, when
added to the department. were put
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15

Regular Dog Department.
The dog department is now regularly
established with a headquarters Of its
OWL just completed. After a month
spent in equipping it, uniforms for the
dogs have also arrived, and Policeman
John Matte is now keeper of the ken
nels and trains the dogs.
The home of the dogs is built as on
addition to the police station, and Is Il
frame structure about seven feet nigh
by twenty feet in length. In it have
been erected five small box stalls Tor
the dogs and the names of eac placed
on the stall doors. Room for as many
more is available. Steam heat, a and
water are in the quarters.
The dogs are put in the stalls after
soft bedding is provided for them daily,
and here they sleep all day with the
exception of during the hours of eXer-
else. In one corner of the kennels is
located a kitchen. Here on a gas stove
is prepared the meals for the dogs.
Around hang the knives, spoons, pans
and other utensils for the cooking Of
the meals. Big boxes contain crackers,
meal and other foods which are care
fully cooked and fed at regular hours
to the CANNES. Upon the walls also
hang whips, combs, brushes and fun
outfit for the proper care of the dogs.
Each dog has separate hangers and
shelves for their uniform and great
care is exercised in keeping all articles
in their proper place. When the dogs
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15

man from the top of the stairway afa
you still telling that young man good
night I'm the vestibule
Yes pa called back the fond
daughter.
We'll. DON'T YOU Know y0a are vast
ing tire light?
"Oh what's the difference ~ IS love
That makes The world so round.
Yes. and it also makes The sas meter
go foand Chicago Daily News
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
QUIET Ar LASH

Cuuuor-fiarker appears 70 be ID q
gond hamof today.
Guyer " woade tia staasaeQ q
dozen records last aight
Gunner Great Jupiter Bo~lthg rec
0ras
Clwer $50. the records OF his wifes
ph~onosraph. MJW BE caa st some
Fest.-Chieago Daiiy Views.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
HIa ETRsT RANnuEI-

Friend fn wiIispsrl-Th tossfslss-
ter wants you to get off q good J1lse.r
The Bashful ATau-Bcs psrdOa-es-
I dtdn.t know / was ON itlf-~ChfeaGo
Daily News
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
IN ONE LINE.

rs She DOING much fancy w1-'
now
We'll, she Beat up her husband
terday
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
SnENcEn.

.Gosb. Lsraer g5speI tho victim
ref v51aig. sers. sr= several hacks IN
ti1st szscz
Tss as@ 11rb-s swung the latl4er
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15

brush around savagcly- We'll. what
do ycu expect in a fo-cent saave,
=oy eruor2'f he roarsd. Electric cabs2
- t-htcHsU Daily News.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
SURE TEST.

"1dis lamp must bs masculine
"Fsnav. q lamp Is neutsr-
"Eurif sp15kes SUI.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
FAST BLACK.

"Why. what has happened
al the bill collectors are of on a
vacation.
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15

Having ths best tissa / e4as Az. ID
my life HOW"
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15

Tracey, to the spot. and the act Of the
dog no doubt saved the mans life.
Dogs Decrease Crime.
Now that the kennels are established,
rules to govern them have carefully
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15

- - lAe pa senlIe-
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1908-02-15
Regular Dog Department.

through the same system of training
Grover"
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
Farmers' Union Increasing.

Secretary G. W. Russell OF the state
division of the Farmers Union states
that there has been remarkably large
increase in the number of new mem
bers taken into the organization within
the past few months. Secretary Rus.
sell attributes this to the business-like
methods which have been adopted by
the union, and the increased confidence
OF the public in the organization and
it's ultimate success.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
lndia's Precious Metals.

It is estimated that $500, 600, 900 In
gold, and perhaps as much in silver,
is hidden away in the Hindu stocking.
Vast quantities of the precious metals
are known to be kept in the form Of
personal ornaments. From time imme.
mortal India has been a reservoir into
which the precious metals have flowed
from all quarters of the globe, only to.
disappear FROM statistics. Could the.
idle wealth be drawn upon, the effect
on the industrial and commercial life
of the country would be very great. It
is, therefore, matter of concern to
try to turn India's dormant capital to
active use. 1t may be impossible to
do it. The Oriental mind views every
thing in way ncomprehensible to
westerners. But If only tithe of the
concealed boards of India were vital
lied new aspect might be given to
the conditions Of life in England's
great eastern empire.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
GIRL WAS DELIRIoUs
With Fearful Eczena-Pain, Heat.
and Tinsing Were Excruciating-
Cuticura Acted Like Magic.

"An eruption broke out on my
daughters chest l took her to a.
doctor, and he pronounced it to be
eczema of very bad form. He treated
her, but the disease spread to her back,
and then the whole of her head was
affected, and all her hair had to be cut
off. The pain she suffered was excru-
ciating, and with that and the heat
and tingling her life was almost un-
bearable. Occasionally she was deliri-.
GUS and she did not have properhour's
sleep for many nights. The second
doctor we tried afforded her just as.
little relief as the first. Then I pur-,
chased Cuticura Soap, Ointment, and
Pills, and before the Ointment was
three-quarters finished every trace Of
the disease was gone. 1t really seemed
like magic. Mrs. T. w. Hyde, Brent
wood, Essex, England. Mar 8, 1907"
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
Ten Years Hence.

Three young men were discussing
that awful thing called the future.
"I'll be content" said one, IF, in
ten years from now, have $1,000
O00."
"Fiddlesticks!" exclaimed the sec
ond, "you want too much. If have
one hundred thousand ten years from
now I'll be happy"
The third was a solemn, slow-man'
nered youth, seldom aroused to ex-
element. Now, however, he abaa-
doned his recumbent posture on bed
and sat upright.
Fellows" he drawled, well all be
lucky, if, ten years from now, we have
the price of a square meal"
Which entirely broke up tho serious
nature of the discussion.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
WANTED TO KNOW
The Truth About Grape-Nuts Food.

It doesn't matter so much what You
hear about thing, it's what you know
that counts. And correct knowledge
is most likely to come from personal
experience.
about a year ago." writes N. Y.
man, Il was bothered by Indigestion,
especially during the forenoon. tried
several remedies without any perman-
ent improvement.
my breakfast usually consisted Of
oatmeal, steak or chops, bread, coffee
and some fruit.
Hearing so much about Grape-Nuts,
I concluded to give it trial and find
out if all had heard of it was true.
$50 I began with Grape-Nuts and
cream, 2 soft boiled eggs, toast, a cup
of Postum and some fruit. Before the
end of the first week was rid Of the
acidity of the stomach and felt much
relieved.
"By the end of the second week all
traces of indigestion had disappeared
and I was in first rate health once
more. Before beginning this course OF
diet, i never had any appetite for
lunch, but now can enjoy hearty
meal at noon time" There's a Rea-
SON."
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek, Mich. Read "The Road to Well
ville," in pkgs.
Ever read the above letter? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full Of human
interest.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
JACKSON.
Features of the Fair.

Features of the Fair.
Secretary and Manager Mckay o.
the Mississippi industrial exposition
has scored success by making ar
rangements with the telegraph com
panies to furnish the association with
the detailed returns of the national
election, on the night OF Nov. 3. at
which date the exposition will be in
full swing. Figures from every point
OF the political compass will be shown
on the screens that are to be provided
on the grounds.
The military band of the Agricul-
tural and Mechanical college has been
secured. and win be in attendance dur
ing the entire time.
AS to the prospects, the outlook has
never been better thus far in advance
OF the date, with everything in the
liberal arts and mercantile departments,
to say nothing of the agricultural de-
partment, taken up. AS to the last
named feature, last year it was the best
and most attractive part OF the exposi-
tion, and it is beyond doubt that it will
be even better this year.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
Who Are Taxpayers.

The president of the board OF super.
visors of Neshoba county asks Attor'
ney-General Fletcher for construction
OF the term taxpayer" as used in sec
tion 3541 of the code, viz: Whether
the term applies to persons paying
taxes on property only, or whether it
applies to payers Of road and poll tax.
In his answering opinion the attor-
ney-general says: "This Office has here
tofore held that the term taxpayer as
used in section 1881, has reference to
persons who pay property tax, and
does not include individuals paying
only poll tax or Communication poll tax.
reattirm that holding, since it is man
ifest that the question must depend
upon the will af the persons who will
be thereby affected by the imposition
OF the taxes. 1t is clear that persons
without property would not in any way
be interested in the question whether
or not special school tax should be
levied, since they would not be required
to pay any part of tAe levy"
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
Revenue Agent Enioined.

Judge Fl. G. Niles of the federal
court granted perpetual injunction
restraining State Revenue Agent Writ
Adams from attempting to enforce the
collection of back taxes alleged to be
due on solvent credits held by whole
sale piano firms of Alabama, Tennessee
and Louisiana doing business in this
state. The taxes claimed aggregate
100000.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
westerners Coming South.

A. D. Campbell has just returned
from a business trip through Illinois,
where he has been trying to interest
men OF means in Mississippi lands, and
finds that many of them are already
holders OF goodly tracts down this way,
and that others are only awaiting an
opportunity to buy. Mr.. Campbell
says the people of the middle west are
just beginning to realize and to appre-
ciate the wonderful natural resources
of the South, and to consider farming
lands in this section worth the little
money 1t takes to buy them. The Illi-
nois Central railroad has been ham
mering the truth into the teeming mil
lions along its lines in the middle and
northwest for years, and has finally
started the tide in this direction.
Thousands of sturdy western farmers
are settling here every year, and it is
predicted that from now on they will
come in even greater numbers.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
Revising Poll Books.

County boards Of election commits.
sioners have completed the work of re.
vising the registration and poll books,
preparatory to the presidential election
in November. The totals from the
seventy eight counties will show about
$4,000 registered voters in the state.
Basingt estimate on figures of former
presidential elections, not exceeding go
per cent of the registered vote will be
polled.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
Bishop Galloway Hurt.

A score of persons were more or less
injured here just as Booker T. Wash
ington closed his address at the fair
grounds. An audience of 1000 or
5000 had assembled from all parts Of
the state to hear him, many white peo-
pie being present and occupying re-
served seats in the gallery. AS the
crowd arose to leave one section of the
gallery gave way, and the scores of oc-
cupants were precipitated to the floor
beneath, but not instantly, the fall
being gradual. No one was fatally in
jured. Among those in the gallery was
Bishop Chas. B. Galloway, but he es-
capped with only few painful bruises.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
The Silver Service Fund.


Gov. Noel made the following state
ment relative to the work that is in
progress for the raising of the battle-
ship silver service fund:
"There was $1,000 which had been
collected up to the time of the selection
OF Mrs. Eunice Lockwood, and since
then, through Mrs. Lockwood and 9TH
ers assisting her, $4,000 more has been
subscribed and ST., 334. 30 paid in to her.
Mrs. Lockwood has done splendid work,
as have also others who have been asso-
ciated with her in different sections.
II the same aid is given to her from
now until January, considering the
better conditions, it is probable that
800 or more will be raised by that
time, which will be enough to pay for
very creditable silver service for the
battleship. 1t is call upon patriotism,
which all public-spirited citizens should
honor, and the service of Mrs. Lock
wood is entirely disinterested and pa
triotic."
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
Sheath Gown Tabooed.

Any woman appearing in Directoire
or sheath gown on the streets OF
jackson will be liable to fine Of $40,
according to the letter OF an ordinance
introduced in the city council by Alder
man Chiles Any member of the police
force refusing or wilfully failing to ar
rest any girl found wearing such gar
ment is made liable to immediate re-
moval from the force.
Times-promoter., 1908-10-16
"Drummers' Dayn at the Fair.

To bring 1000 Knights OF the Grip to
the Mississippi State Fair on Drum
mers' Day" is the object OF President
B. Fl. Holder and Secretary J. E. Noble
OF the Mississippi Travellers. The date
set aside for the travelling men is Oct.
81, three days after the opening, when
the fun and frolic is at its height.
Der Deutsche beobachter. [volume] (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 1869-1911, 1908-05-21

Mm III. W0i nnf 0em Bl0be Ieires
@obnes Hrieorih. 6itlich upn Canal.
Np0er, @ottlieb 5indp I'M Mtter upn
67 sSohrsn an ber Deramairflubt. Der
Werftnrbens mar Gus Der Gtneia ae-
biirtio, fam cher lhon In Den 7OQer
s}0brsn nah Cen Ser. Gtaolen uno tieB
Fb inl Giunecreetihale nisoer. Geine
dIau III ihon por mebreren ssobrel ee.
ffotben llno leither lebte sr bel ieiiiem
Sotne. gr hintsrldbt einen Gphn uno
3psi 8bdter. 5rau SuIsener rno Gron
NDier. beioe i'm DlOtowntbole. Gin
8rnoer beg 0erliorbenen. gonaro,
pnbnt in @leuelano.
William Sentirs, Elm Sniofie bes
Mrmynbauiss. iiarb am Gonntae Mpr-
gen an ben 6olsen zines .6dlaQanfaaes.
Der yertorbene NOR 50 Sabre oft; er
bate friber in Wefineiier aeDobnt uno
NOR lett 3tuei Sabren i'm Nrmenbauie..
Der Deutsche beobachter. [volume] (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 1869-1911, 1908-05-21

Der oemotratiids @anoioot fir 2anb=
meRer. 1T Elm tt1tiasr Gipil ssneenieur
uno 2anbmefer. Derielbe 1T am %.
Ottober 1882 als Sobn oentlher gltern
IN RaaersDille geboren uno ipriGt
oeutId. gr beiunte Die Gdule in
Ra3erspille. ipdter Die Dhlo Nortbern
llniUerlitdt in Nba unb ituoirte ben
Rurius Der @orrelponoen3 s1ule in
Seranton, ga.
Or. 9tln9el arbeitete fiinf Sabre als
Deputp bss @ountD Qanomefers nnb
balf aud on Der Mrbeit fur Die 2arten
beg neuen @ountp Ntlos.
Nls Niiiitent Snaenieur entparf ct
Die pldne fir bic Concrete Bride an
Gaetorp etraBe in Canal Doper iiber
ben IusfaraiDas CLUB unp Cbio Canal
uno entparf aud bic pldne ffr bas
grobe Qagerbaus bon @amuel Dentel
bier. gr lit Elm todtiges Mitglieo Der
Ohio Snaenieur Gefeli1oft nno Elm
Mitarbeiter oes .gn9ineering 3eeorb"
in 9selp Dort.
Der Deutsche beobachter. [volume] (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 1869-1911, 1908-05-21
6ouutrntur s9ubnfon 9ptimilt.

Dee seansisat aus gatmueiota Ssaatt am bic
Sutmmit Der Station.
9ei einem, inn gu @bren bonn prebs
Hub in gbicaso am Ia. Mpril sesebe>
men 2un1eon ion GouDerneur Sobns
ion. nah Mnsabe zines ober mebrerer
.8erifteritatter. seiast baben, bab Ct,
betreffs Der inbuitriellen 3utunft bes
2anbes, ernite 8efiir1tunsen bese.
92un 1T Gouperneur Sobnion in tei<
ner Weife Elm pefiimift. Der peifimiit
slaubt. bab es nit Der Welt INNER
mebr abpdrts sebe unb nidts basesen
gu MAIDEN iei. Wdbrenb nun Gouper>
neur Sobnfon. ipie ieber bentenbe
Menfd, setpii1e Gefobren i'm gnaus
fiebt, fdreibt er ausDriidlid: rDie Hez
publit lit bur9aus nint IN Gefahr, gu
berfalen. Der Mann, Der fih um bie
@teuern briidt, Der Boohler, Der WtDr>
Der Der itaatliden unb natiDnalen Gbre,
m0sen eegen bic 0ffentlihe Woblfabri
@turp laufen; bic Mannbaftisteit
ibrer einfaden 8iirgerihaft ipirb bic
Nation gu na9ienbem Rubm unb
Ma1t fiibren.1
Sn bielem Slime fpra9 @oupers
t1eur Sobnfon Dor bem gbicagoer
preBtlub, als er iaste:: sd bin mand-
NAL etpas beiorgt betreffs Der 3ufunft
unferes Qdnbes bonn i1lbuitrielen
Der Deutsche beobachter. [volume] (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 1869-1911, 1908-05-21
3. s. urirrs storf|
NcMigfcitea.
Das
l0adjSt6ula Oie(eS Ae(66ftes

lit ni1t ar6Ber. als man ernarten bari.
Wanhen eriheint es nunoerbnr, bod
nisht uns. IS lit einfaeb unier Wer=
oienit. Das yuBHtnnl gebt nod oenl
@tore. Der atlt maft. mas er uerfpriht
uno Der 3ulauf pes Yublitnms niaht
ben @rfola. @olhe gDaarel, lpie MAJ,
bier tdalidb iiebt. bic getanit uno Ii, Die
neuen Wobnun9en unierer RMnDen ae.
bradt merOen. wiiiien obne 3peifei bic
llnoeraleihlibsn yeroienife bes Sc
fhdftes befannt mohen. llno bic Rdu-
fer, ipelne baran oenten. ipelhe Dienfe
ibnen Der Store aeleiitet. unb tuie piel
@elo iie bort aeIpart. t0nnen nint ulns
bin. ibren Jrennoen ben Gtore ill ems
pfshlsn. uno oieies mub grfolo brin-
gen. Quatitdt fur Qualitdt uno i'm.
mer Die billi9ien preiie.
gDir iuerDen am 6amIfaa MorQen
um 8 nbr III BEN Martt bringen l4l5
Oaros Cairo Batilt Rleioeri1Cff, Der
ionf INNER fur Is Genis nertauit
iDir0. fiir ben biQigen preis BON 8 Gents
bic Oarb. Derielbe bat iehr nette 81.
guren.
Wir baben audi rotbe 8aloana 9a=
ihentiiher fir Mdnner. Die ionlf fir
8 uno 10 @ents pertautt tperben, fir
3 @ents.
gdte 0artioro 9apelfrp 2duier.
@r0Be 9xl2. preis 5000.
36x70 Warquette 2dufer. Die $4.00
5orte. fur $3.50.
Dieie Waaren tpurben tiir3lib be,
elmer arOben 8eritei9eruna in Netp Yprt
aetauft nno iino ipottbilli4 5u Dislen
preiien.
8. s. 1trferS 8roker, Store
Ofs9oditrake,
Me,p Hbilabelpbia,. pbip.