davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
RoosEvELT's PROGRAM.
Undertakes to Get New Laws Through
Congress.

Washington, March 23.-President
Roosevelt has determined on legisla.
tive program the enactment Of which
Will be urged upon congress in a special
message which he sajd today will 20 In
this week. Each OF the measures To be
proposed involves perplexing Difficult
ties and each will have far reaching
effects ON business and economic oondi-
lions OF the country. The program is
the product OF important conferences
through which the president has been
put in possession OF the views of all in.
terests concerned. Likewise the atti-
tude OF the leaders in both branches OF
congress has been made known. Its
success depends upon the combined
eifCrt, which he believes can be bronoht
20 Dear IN behalf Of the whole plan by
those q affected especially by some one Of
its features. -
The program includes:
A declaration in favor Of revision of
the tariff in special season. to be held
after March 4, 1909.
An amendment to the Sherman anti.
trust law so as to make important con- |
sessions to combinations OF both labor
md capital. o
Limiting the powers of certain conrts
q tne use Of the injunction in labor
Passage CT an employers liability
Passage of the Aldrich financial hill
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
HEARS LAsoR's DEMAND.
Wee President and Speaker Promise
Liability aw.


Washington, March 20. = Speaker
Cannon and Vice President Fairbanks
today announced their belief that the
present congress will pass an employ
e.s' liability act which will meet and
oryereome the nconstiiuiionality OF the
present law pointed out by the Supreme
court Of the United States in recent
decision. These statements were made
unreservedly by the speaker and guard
eddy by the vice president to delega-
ton led by Samuel Gompers, president
of the American Federation OF Labor,
from 81 national and international
trade and labor and farmers organlza-
lions assembled in national confer
ence in this city. The delegation called
on the speaker to lay before the house
Of REPRESENTATIVES, through him, me
mortal entitled "Lsbor's Protest to
Congress-.
The protest submitted by Mr.. Com
pers and his associates refers to the
Supreme Court decision In the hatters'
case as the "most recent perversion OF
the intent Of a law by the judiciary by |
which the Sherman antitrust law has
been made to apply to labor, although |
it was an accepted fact that congress
lid not intend the law SO to apply and
might even have specifically exempted
abor but for the fear that the Supreme
'ourt might construe such an affirma-
i've provision to be unconstitutional.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
Indictments Are pI,r,,..,

ran Francisco, March 2s-Ius
Dunne this morning dismissed tbs T ,o
II 's'n u s extor'ion indictments ava;rs,
a., q. =. schmitz, with the recommends ,Ss'
o In 'nao me case be submitted 10 sn
9 rune, grand jury, and announced Al.
aneouore V. Halsey will be bronah ," a.
sfa' ior bribery as soon as as the Co., "
Is aole TO take up his case. Henri AL Al
ss c'y Tor Abraham Ruef, was IN
n ,onneo by Judge Lawlor that he mr No.
make a complete showing in the ra nas'
Sas amusvits in the immunity oontrs set
nearing by next "Wednesday 'iact
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
'fLffT WILL
I VISIT JAPAN
MIkado's Invitation Is Accepted BY
President Roosevelt.
cords Reception Promised Amer'
cans at Yokohama-May Also Call
at One Chinese Pori-Ah otner
Invitations Must Be Declined for
Lack of Time.

Washington, March 2l.-The Amer
lean battlesbip feet is to visit Japan
The desire OF the emperor Of the Island
: Kingdom to play host to the feet was
laid before Secretary Root Thursday
By Baron Takahira, the japanese am
bassador. The invitation, which was
couched in most cordial terms, was
made the subject Of extended consider
alton by President Roosevelt and his
entire cabinet yesterday. Mr.. Root was
directed to accept the invitation and
the acceptance was laid before the jap
snese ambassador late yesterday. 1t is
regarded in official circles here as more
than likely that China will be next to
bid fJr a look at the feet, and that,
should this be the case, the invitation
will be accepted.
Sc, rotary Metcalf and Admiral Pills
burg, chief Of navigation, are arranging
the details OF the new itinerary. With
the exception Of China, it is deter
mined that all other invitations, should
any be received, will be declined, for
at the best the feet will not now be
able to reach the Atlantic seaboard be-
fore the first of next March.
The itinerary, which seems to be the
most direct, includes stops at the Ha.
waiian islands, Samoa, Melbourne,
Sydney, Manila, Yokohama--should
that port be selected as the stopping
place in Japan-possibly Chinese |
port, back to the Philippines, and then
home by way Of the Suez canal, with |
only such stops as aie necessary for
soaling.
The fall target practice has been
planned to occupy a month at Manila,
either before or after the visit to Japan. |
Although target practice is regarded as
decidedly important, and the Custom
to have the ships occupy a month in
ach spring and fall in gun practice.
he desire to have the feet return to its
lome station may lead to a curtailn emit
i the month planned for Manila.
japan will have the ships week,
ccording to the tentative plans. While
he stops in foreign ports so far made
ave been on an average Of ten days'
uration, part of that time was occu-
ned in taking on coal. With ,isit To
ianiia, no coaling operations will be
ecessary in Yokohama. This would
nable the entire stay there to be given 6
P TO festivities and show features of
be visit.
The acceptance of the Japanese invi.
'tion is regarded in naval circles as of l
'nsiderable Importance in the wav Of
lowing the cordiality existing between
,pan and the United States. The
lded trip is nearly equal in distance 6
a voyage from New York to Europe.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
Italian Iries Bunco Game.

San Francisco, March l9.-An el'le
rate bunco game was revealed Ia Juos
Lawlor's court today on the hearing y
an application for extradition for L01a
Dondero, who is wanted in Victors, D.
Y. He is charged with the theft OF "
4OO from Tony Perravicni. In comsa'
with TWO others, Perravicni and Don'r
70 were to be partners in buying q hln'
All put their money on the table . =.
guarantee OF good faith, but when W.
yalise in which the money was supp
ed to be was opened by Perrsve~'
there was nothing tut some newsPsPs''
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
HINTS DIRE PLOT.
7eney 'magines Effort Will Be Made
to Spirit Ruef AWAY.

San Francisco, March 21.-Abe Ruet
lnaicted ON ll6 counts, thinks the SIM,
OF sl,ll5.00O is toe much bail and s sa
there are 81 counts against him 'a on .
which the bail is 1870, 900, Of which S Sa
should be relieved, and that the hail on
'ne remaining counts is excessive Rrat
was In court on a writ of habeas cor ,aue'
Assistant District ATTORNEY Ha puS,
presented an affidavit stating that Rrc,
was wealthy, and that he believed tba.
mere was conspiracy to get Rnef ont
Oh the country. He cited the attemr ~
kidnapping of James L. Gallaebsr p' ou
whose testimony he said Ruef "a I Iu
convicted, and also the attemnts SI'I -; Se
mapping OF ex.supervisor Lonerpan 49, ~
0e,ocre the TREY L. Ford trial just
Murphy pointed out that at tbo NO.
On. rate OF progress-over a vsar PCS
not one trial-it would take lie S' AND ana
70 Try huef on all the charges. Hc ' ears
conviction on one OF two cb v sSlu
,s practically send him 70 tba " noE95
tentiary for life. " 'iie penl-
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
DECIDES IMPORTANT CASE.
Interstate &c mmerce Commission. IA
No Control Over OCEAN.

Washington, March PA deois,on
was promulgated today by the inter
state Commerce commission in one Of
the most Important cases IL has been
called upon to determine for some time.
IL Is that of the Cosmopolitan Import.
ing company, Philadelphia organiza-
ton, chartered under the laws OF Nav
Jersey, against the Hamburg American
racket company, the North German
Lloyd Steamship company, the Wilson
huip lines and the Scandinavian
American lines. '''''-
me complainant's petition was fled
WIN The commission nearly year AGO
some time subsequently the defendants
MED demurrer. attacking the iuris-
diction OF the Interstate Commerce
o'''
The opinion in the case. which il
very yoluminous, Was prepared nv
commissioner franklin X. Lane.
In brief, and In effect, the commits
non decides against itself. II holds |
mat II has no authority over oceanic
and thus determines the
ase adversely to the contention Of tbe
- '''
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
is INNOCENT PURCHASE.
Hartman is Reported to H,u q,
Oregon Land Grant

| fe6on Lana Grant
Washington, March 19.--Iti. krn
ed In government circles that s,v
contract has been made by the Ors,
* california Railroad company, ups
which 1t has already agreed to cell \,
remaining 1000, 900 acres Of its gs
to one single puIhaser, and that nv
sum OF money has been paid to the nj
road company on account by this Dol
chaser. The attention Of reuressrb
tive OF the Booth-Kelly Lumber con-
pany, who has been contendipg "a,
innocent purchaser amendment to b
Fulton resolution, was today called !
this report, and he remarked: 'Ibs
whoever has purchased this land QUIT
to be protected like the rest Of o.
merely showing that the lumber COZ.
panies would be willing that the gt
eminent should make any sacrifice !
order to give them a sound title vha
they now hold a shaky one.
The lumbermen left for home ndr
pretty well disheartened. They ven
confident when they came here hi
they would have an easy fight, but b
velopments before the committee YER
somewhat surprising to them, and pr
vately they admit they are deIsla
Nevertheless it is expected that an d
Tempt will be made when the resclutd
goes into the house to secure the sdaf
lion of the innocent purchasers amend
nent if the committee reports the ras
ution as it passed the senate.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
ORCHARD en-
DEATH PENN
Sentenced 4 TO Execution. b, |
Recommends st,,' = !
Date Set for May $50.
to Thank cour, : a. H. M~'
Believes Orchard. '''''-

Boise, Idaho, March :.
that he believes Ha,rr O a ls~a
testimony testimony in the trials S, y a..
the murder Of ex scS,ss a, p :
nenberg, told the eyo ssnOr Falt
ing to conceal notbino ,futh, stkS
Wood in the District o ,o saas' FsS
recommended that tbs s0uls yesAs
p Palaons commute ,oI orchsrd5''ss ' e. hnS
death to life imprisonm,aan,s s'llpS
pen pen', ran. The sentence 70 !, u
was pronounced in accors Suss d
v wyo 81 last week when arrs Ti,vasdh
and Petttibone trials. ~" 'As Hgs'
In sentencing Orchard =,
mend the commutstion' l d, TO
tence, Judge Wood rsv ,iou q biz
S from the time of the I tiIIjss ! =
steunenberg to the present rlns Of ~
In regard to the mart :,
the trials, Judge Wood said o''Ar
am more than satisssa /.
defendant now at the bar s Of 90 'aa
awaiting final sentence has ' III "
a acted in good faith in maxine kin 40 4. =,
closures that he did, but tbat I Z .
t testified fully and fairly to S'I ~ . 1
truth, Withholding notbius ' ss., W
material and declaring potbi' 'asl !, y
mad not actually taken pIacs 's Wy
Judge Wood, alter reading hi. :.
formally sentenced Orchard I .si y" !
may 10 as the date for the s rnS 7
asked for permission ' n 'a'
and it was granted. He t H. " ~ =
court for the review Of the ssa'
and for the kindly remarks IN 0' 's Is
ann; de repeated that he had tsl'
whole truth and that no prom.s !" y.
nunity or OF mercy had ever been !.
o MN. Before he had concluds ss =. !.
we're streaming from bis ewes ' -, \
VI but broke down as he sesiD ''
broken voice, thanked judge W. !
lis Recommendation to the bO h." |,
,ardons. '~a
In Judge Woods ruling he laid !,
ial stress upon the crimes Il nj
nd plainly intimated that the end NJ.
of those believed "a ss
erpetrated them had not come,
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
Coast Town Eana E.,

fro maf T, Cal, March 2l.-Renort,
tb o ~. crescent City state that owipO Oi ~
ne sne tie-up Of steam schoons, U" ~, 3, 70
S Nors, "a considerable portion Of +" me rns
Norte is fearing a food samiOa u Del
this eitm Commercial company D% "
~ oG1 soo Lady Mine, CARRYING tx sn
Sna 1000 and groceries, which will % IONS
Of the i n,Ser ..: and Crescent City. som 10
in or s ,OOd will alsO be sent to Cb s1ne
snftsr ssOn, which is also reported ~ :,
S ounering a food shortage nai 70 De
s''S oil its supplies by schooper s' Nor'e
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
OF ONE OPINION.
House Committee Votes to Forfeit
Railroad Land Grants

-
Washington, March 23.-TSo mil
lion acres Of land in California snc
Oregon vested in the Oregon & Califor'
mia Railroad company, owned by the
Central Pacific and controlled by E. II.
Hartman, will be subjected to suit for
recovery of title by the United States,
II action taken by the committee on
public lands is sustained by the house.
The committee agreed to report favor
ably without amendments resolution
which has already passed the senate,
empowering and directing the attorney
general to bring quits for the recovery
by the United States OF the title to the
public lands granted to certain Western
railroad companies in cases where the
conditions stipulated in the grants have
not been complied with--such condi-
tons, for example, as governed the
grant OF land to the Oregon & Califor-
MIA Railroad company in the sixties.
Under the grant the land was to be
thrown open by the company for sale to
bona fde settlers Of the United States
It not more than 81 so an acre and in
parcels not exceeding 100 acres each.
I is charged that some OF this land was
old by the Oregon & California railroad
n violation Of the conditions named.
The refusal OF +. H. Hartman, an
bounced by him at the Irrigation con.
ress at Sacramento Last year, to sell
ny portion of the remaining 1000, 900
ores, led to the introduction by Senator
ulton OF the resolution which the pub ;
c lands committee acted on favorabIy :
'day. Chairman MoDdell was author
ed to draw the report Of the commit =
49, which he will do this week.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
BONFIRE OF CLOTHES.
Chinese Declare Boycott on J.p.n...
Goods

Goods
Canton, March 24.-Ibe greatest =,
hgnation prevails here saginst the gov
eminent for yielding to the Jspanes,
demands in the Tatsu Maru case. 4
being considered that the government,
seton in this matter has brought die.
grace upon this province. The Sell
Government society OF Canton has or.
sanized several monster Indignation
meetings, at which resolutions vere
adopted that the anniversary Of the re
lease OF the Tstsu Msru be observed as
day Of public mourning. The resolu
tions also declared a bovcott ..;.x,
japanese goods.
More than $4,000 persons attended
sne mass meetings held yesterday:
oui'dings were draped In mournino Md
~ or more orators delivered denuncis-
'ory speeches. Among the speaker
was . 12year-old, who're declaration
~ LOST the Japanese caused the greatest |
great number Of those who had o.
en- pied thereupon Invested themselves
! Japa nese-made garments, including
spe and handkerchIefs, and made a
'uge bonfire of them. One dealer in
hpSneee goods offered to sacrifice his
ntire stock. MS
The meeting recommended the i'm
eaebment OF Yuan shi Kai az the
Gard OF foreign affairs for weakness n
ieidine to the Japanese.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
LABOR ASKS CABINET SEAT
WIN Urge Congress to Create Gov
eminent Department.

washington, March 2l.-At the con
ciuding session yesterday, of the execu.
tive council of the American Fsderat tSu
Oh Labor it was decided to urge mon
ene house committee on labor the nscss
sl1y Tor the passage Of the pending hill
creating department of labor tha
mead OF which shall be member ~ the
presidents cabinet. - 'ne
1t was decided to make vicorou.
e 81 to secure the passage of laws ;n
me various state legislatures for ,ha
abolition of child labor. A msm am sne
OF protest similar to the one nraasn, "a,
70 congress yesterday is to be sent MT. -
organized labor and the public oens,oI u
y; It Will be prepared by comm i
Of President GompeTs saouo
nell. 'e'iuehe v Con-
The council was not notified that A..
,lll OF grievances presented 10 to- v yue
resident Fairbanks yesterday was ,a ,Ss
'eiore the senate and referred 70 az
ommittee on Judiciary. '"'
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
Japs Deny Having Wireless.

Honolulu, March 19-The JapnS
steamship Kasato Maru, which was n
ported from Callao February l6 as hs''
ing been "a days going from Iquiqusn .
rocapilla, and was supposed to b'H
been listening to wireless messages p's
ing among Admiral Evans fleet, sfr'
ed here March 8. Her officers cenI
that the vessel is equipped with ElTs
less. The "a days were spent in l'sf
ing nitrates at various landing plses
Part OF the "a days the feet was On 'a
other side of the continent, and VI
never nearer than 800 miles.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28

Keno, New. March 24.-Tbras ,oh
ners, heavily armed, overcame Fdwsr,,
holman and companion on road
TWO miles nom Rawhide late this after
noon threw them to the ground, and
made OIL In their victims two horse
i'g' taking gold and bank notes a mount,
ing to about 1900 with them. The
money was consigned to the Coalition
mining company at Rawhide TO b., ussd
IN paying miners wages and 10 mss,
,," ma payment ON one of the proper.
yes purchased last week by the Cali.
'ion company. Posses are in pnrsnit
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
mothers to Meet in Br,,..a,.

t;ou washington ~ March 2O.-The invita-
ed adj tb ~ Inc Belgian government, extend.
9 Oh unroug1 Baron Moncheur. The Rel,
Congress ,'' ~ 81. 70 the National Mothers
tiop sIss s 70 Participate in the Interns.
70 t a; congress on the education ., ma
lam amily, to be held in Brussels in u ,o s1e
Of %' tb accepted by the board Of mans or
tba 'He Mothers society TO-DAY. Anpon
Units ee gates appointed to represent the
. Tasnk B, Hill, Tacoma, WASH. MIS- MIS-
w v"e asDI D. Gibbs, California. Me- sil =
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
Hang Prisoner hx wri...

Columbus, O., March % -.
a nsno, Of Toledo, here today created =
; ;e, .u by declaring that, while visit
ing Ine Ohio penitentiary, he ssw s'. :
prisoner hanging by his wrists ..s a
was ss'ounded," continued the san..o.
v, anu soon saw that the attendants
were trying to keep me away from shss
man. l insisted on seeing b;n s slis
the man said TO me: Il bsra ana
o "Hnsing here since Thursday, and tSsS
only lei me down for bread and ws. sney
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28

statem ,sna' Mont, Mont March 2O.-Upop .
bv 1,s, arI made to President Roo pon
inc frs ,nsowners' association. concern un-
comm rtsuuulent classi6cations bv tba
Kiniau nS sion appointed under tbs NJ vne
al ia1S. regime es in relation to the o min M
W ws ,An ,S OF the Northern Paci f MINER
Rotary Of t p,eS Iuei has instructed Sec
M thorough investigation Of the 20 chl make
bs rneO owner, from all over We '" tt charges.
the ys cTmolned to defeat the cIs;n s'ate
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
OVER MILLION UNEMPLOYED
Effects Of the Recent Panic In e..s
and South.


New York, March 24.--In canvas
OF the country to ascertain the number
OF unemployed mon, dispatches have
Deem received from many iudpstris !
een'efs with reports OF conditions. and
from these II is estimated that more
Inan one million men are minus ioba.
Inc reports Indicate more than 900. OOo
unemployed In the chief cities ana
nearly 800, 200 In the states outside the
cities. ''''o ''io
That there are more unemployed men
ana women In New York CITY TODAY
than at any previous time in msny
years past Is the belief OF union leadeys
charity workers and students OF social
conditions. Estimates OF the number
out oil work vary from 100, 900 to 300
wy. II is probable that half OF the
'atter number, or $50, 900, is about cor
rect. wi
The following estimate is given nv |
responsible labor leaders: Carpenters'
io'ooo; tailors, 5000; rockmen and
s,xcavators, 5000; bricklayers, 1000;
laporers' 10000; housesmiths, 5000:
asphalt workers, 1000; paperhangers'
z,u00; painters. 1000; rockdrIlIers
,ooo; engineers, 1000; PAYERS, 1000;
piasterers, 1000; steamfitters. 200.
sheet metal workers, 500; compositors'
S,oVoi pressmen, 1000; mis- celIaneous
rades' 70, 1000; unorganIzed labor. l45.-
100; total, $50, 900.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
PROTECT TRULY INNOCENT.
But Railroad Land Grant Must First
Be Forfeited.

| oc ToTlcittus
Washington, March 20.-Ihe status
OF purchasers OF granted land in good
faith from the Oregon & California
Railroad company, and their rights un-
der the law, were set forth in come de-
tail at the hearing before the house COM
mittee. The provisions of the grant
prohibit sales except to actual settlers
in limited quantities and at a limited
price. By necessary implication it per-
mits sales Of the kind mentioned.
This provision of the grant is a con-
dition subsequent for breach of which
the government has right of forfeiture.
However, condition subsequent is not
self-executing. Upon the breach of the
condition title does not automatically
revert to the grantor. So that until
the government in some way asserts
rights Of forfeiture, title remains unim-
paired in the railroad company, with
full authority TO make sales to actual
settlers IN the manner provided in the
grant. After forfeiture is claimed, no
further sales of any kind can be made
ny the RAILROAD company, if the conten- |
tlon OF the government is correct. But |
all sales made within the terms of the |
grant will be valid and will be in no
way affected either by the Fulton reso-
lu'ion or by any suits that will be COM
menced.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
Dividends Keen LIN w.u

chicago, March 23.-Tbe p.
Herald today says: $50 lone 90 $3.50, ,"o.'
OF the big railroad systems of tba co al
~ y oV alnue to pay higher dividends
man .ney earn while they continue 70
u u1i,ow enormous sum of money. there
vii, not be general reduction in vac eae
vn western railroads. This decision
wa reached at a secret Conference -
western railroad presidents in Ch;oaN =,
.n's week, Following the conferenes
a aa,lSay laoorers were given to undsr
s s@au 'na' the Western roads did not
contemplate immediate reductions - n0'
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28

Occur d'Alene-The Cougar eulch
sawmill has changed hands. Johnson
& Perry selling to ID. Dean and ID.
Jones or Spokane. A force of men
mas been set TO work to make alter
ATOMS and repairs. Besides the mill
the purchase includes all the logs
on hand and about $4,000. 900 feet
Oh standing timber installed to ham
oie the refuse material. The new
company has been organized under
the name OF the Idaho Lumber com
pany, A. II. Alger having local man
agement. The mill Will start IN as
soon as the repairs are completed.
about April /.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
Asks for lntervsr,,.

ment " Of a5s 1i;.1 March sO.-Tbe govern
t t9e ria has appealed to amd republic Of
department 'Orial integrity The ~ s bso
!. mas been informed that sta, )
rovia to Wa Is now on its way from a sIon
Root s1 ~ 70 o the president and s personal
the country possession Of large pa ,2rc y,
ana French West Afr ss between
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1908-03-28
Land to Be Throw,

ity " Of tha ss March 2l.-By sntbo,.
nD NY ~ 'ne secretary Of the intsr,o au'nor
t PuOlic lands in 1871 ,64S acres se,,or, the
Oregon r"s b. blue Mountain forest rsserna
1905 will 1y t Proclamation of Janps maze 9
On June s'l' become ,o0 subject TO settIemoS .,
u uot reserved or appronr S,se with
july i , e%sIy, fling u selection nn UGt
T,aHes at Burns, La GrarS Ssases land
ton tones !, Sixty days notice bv u nnS, The
3 s,O Or.s IN newspapers near Tho ~ p, puolica-
. oied has been autbor;Taa 'ne lands re-