davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
BOYS ATTACK
REFUSE SPOTS
Continued from First Page,)


for any length Of time, make their
Willingness known to tho committee,
Similarly any who want teams and
who cannot hire them for one reason
or another should write to Mr.. Scran-
ton at his Office at 80 Church street at
once stains !heir reasons for their
requests. sRch Of tho cases will be
investigated by n ward committee Of
the movement some requests to
this effect nave already come in. In
vestlgation IN some cases has shown
that the writer's have adequate means
TO hire teams and they will not be
served. All who ask for assistance
cannot he served anyway. But 1t is
hoped to help as many OF those who
are really worthy as for instance
poor women without male members
IN their family who might do the
work, as possible.
There have been some complaints
Of drivers who have been hired to
cart away rubbish who have simply
gone to the nearest private dump and
there deposited 1t IN as unsightly a
heap as It was IN It's original location
thus thwartlng the whole object Of
the movement toward a cleaner and
moro beautiful New Haven 1t is
urged that al hiring teams make suro
that their refuse is really taken to a
public dump wherever It is possible.
Chairman Scranton has also given
ont a warning against careless fires
built In yards for the burning Of
refuse. With tho high winds that
have been blowing for the last fow
days the necessity of every possible
safeguard is apparent The results
of the wind in tanning the Chelsea
fire into a con1agration Is what might
happen, he explains. The law is that
no fires shall be started or additional
fuel he added to fires after . O'Clock
in the afternoon.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
THE HEALTH LEAGUE
Colonel N. G.. Osborn Elected
Permanent Chairman of the
Advisory Committee.
MEETING HELD YESTERDAY
Legislative Program Outlined for the
Ycar--Professor Tracy Chosen
Secretary.

Tho local advisory committee Of the
American Health league was oreaniz-
ed yesterday afternoon. The meeting
was held in the rooms Of the cham
Der of commerce. Col Norris . Os-
born was elected permanent chairman
by n unanimous vote. Prof. John G.
Tracy of Yale university, was chosen
secretary. The executive committee
was appointed, consisting OF Dr.
Charles j. Foote, Seymour c. LOOMS,
Miss Ethel Il. Evans and Mrs. !. 3.
Sargent The executive committee
will shortly meet and plan campaign
for New Haven. Plans for public
meetings, and extensive local work
will be considered
Prof. Irving Fisher, chairman OF
the committee Of one hundred, outlin-
ed the legislative program of The
American Health League at Washing
ton He stated that no less than six
hundred and fifty local advisory com
! mittees were in process Of organ2a-
ton at the present time.
Never has a cause aroused 80 great
interest in so short time" he sold.
"The American Health league was
started -four months ago. 1t now
numbers nearly 10000 members, scat
tered throughout the union. Nearly
sixty congressman are members OF
the local advisory committee of theit
home towns. The members Of the
presidents cabinet are enthusia stic,
DR., Frank Wright, health officer foi
New Haven. offered the cooperation
of the health board In this work. I'm.
usual interest was manifested in DR.
William II. Welch's statement, the
noted pathologst of John topkin' s
cited by Prof. Fisher, that by ade
duate organization the death ratc cal
be cut In two
Resolutions to he transmitted to thu
senator's and representatives. of Con
nectcut We're referred to the aSecu
tive committee for phaseology.
Among those present We're: Prot
William r. BAILEY, Samuel y Oibble
Prof Henry G Emery, Miss Ethel r
Evans, DR., Charles J, Foote, Rev
mas j. Haynes, Mrs Leo Herr
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
DERBY.
Especial Jourpal-courIcr New. Service,

Tho final supper of the Derby Shelton
Y, NJ. c, \, for the closing year was
held last evening at the new building
on Elizabeth street. The attendance
was very large and the supper was one
of the most successful of the year. The
supper which was called the "Jolllnca-
ton supper" was held ms n fitting cele-
bration Of the close Of the membership
campaign which occurred Saturday.
Following the conclusion of the sup
per an address on the physical Depart
ment of the association was given by
Frederick b. Barnes, one Of tho secre-
tares of the physical department Of
the international committee and for
merly physical director OF tho Albany
association. The address was very
pleasing one and was enjoyed by the
large number present, Mr. Barnes in
his address dwelt for some time upon
cleanliness In all sports motto which
is upheld by all true Y NJ c. A. teams.
and which should be the motto of all
teams or individual athletes.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
M. SONNENBERG
DIES SUDDENLY


NIpnllHuNH IIull Iiol 1 dbt'l
formed n partnership for the manu-
featuring Of pianos which lasted until
December, 1895, The Arms name was b,
Schonlngor & Company. ON May s,
1872 he married Ida schonnger, the
daughter of his business partner
Mr., Sonncnberg was member Of
the Chamber Of Commerce. also of the
Business Mons association, He was
prominent member of the Harmonic
club and of the Union League. There
were few II any jewish organizations
In this city with which he was not con-
nocted IN some way or other, Mr., SON
nenberg was also u Mason being a
member OF Hiram lodge,
In Hebrew church circles Mr.. SON
nenborg was very prominent, taking an
active part in all Mishkan Israel al
4 fairs. lie has been president of the
congregation on sovcrad occasions lie
has been Interested in many benevol-
ent organizations and as philanthropy
list his charity was frequently felt. In
more ways than one, he had been ono
of the greatest benefactor of the New
Haven orphan asylum.
In politics NJ. Sonnenberg has always
been republican, He represented the
Eighth ward IN the board Of aldermen
for several consecutive terms and was
at one time n member of the board Of
library trustees. He was prominent In
financial circles being 4 director of
the Connecticut Savings bank.
Mr.. sonnenherg has been in the pi-
ano business for AZ years. Since 1873
Frank Guion has been associated with
him and the local store ia but ono of
five, there being stores in Waterbury,.
Bridgeport, South Norwalk and ion-
kers.
Up to three years ago, Mr.. sonnen-
berg and his wife lived on Trumbull
street at the corner Of state streets,
hut since then they had made their
home at the New Haven house,
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
Piles Quickly
Cured at Home
Instant Relief, Permanent Curc--Trial
Package Mailed Free 10 All
In Plain Wrapper,

Piles Is a fearful disease, but easy to
cure II YOU 80 at It right,
An operation with the knife is dam
gerous, cruel, humllating and unnec-
essary,
There Is Just one other sure way to
be painless, safe and in the
privacy of your own homc---it Is Pyra-
mid Pile Cure,
We mail a trial package free to all
who write
1t will give you instant relief, show
you the harmless, painless nature Of
this great remedy and start you well
on the way to perfect cure,
Then YOU can get full-si2ed box
from any druggist for 30 cents, and
often one box cures.
Insist ON having what YOU call for
II the druggist tries to sell YOU
something Just as good, 1t is because
he makes more money on the substi-
tute
The cure begins at once and con-
tinues rapidly until It Is complete and
permanent
You can go right ahead with your
work and be easy and comfortable all
the time,
1t Is we'll worth trying,
Just send your name and address to
| Pyramid Drug Co. 90 Pyramid Build
Ing, Marshall Mich, and receive free
by return mail the trial package in
plain wrapper.
Thousands have been cured In this
easy, painless and inexpensive way, in
the privacy of the home.
No knife and its torture,
No doctor and his bills
All druggists, 80 cents. Write to-
day for free package.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

The regular monthly meeting of the
Ansonia, Derby and Shelton Business
Mems association which was held In
the rooms Of the Derby Shelton board
of trade on Main street last night was
very largely attended. The meeting was
n very interesting one and the Aldrich
bill which Is now pending, was fully
explained by several of the members
fully acquainted with the bill
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
CHARLES II. MERMIN Ill.

Charles H. Merwin of 81 Bishop
street continues very i'll at his home,
hut his condition was slightly improv-
cd Yesterday. His large number Of
friends sincerely hope for his recov-
cry
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

The st. Thomas Aqunas Literary as
ISOLATION vii hold its regular monthly
meeting this evening In the library Of
St Mary's school All members are re-
questcd to be present, as the regular
debate will be held.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

Robert Victory is building hand
some new boat which viii be launched
on Lake Housatonic IN two weeks. Tho
boat will he Of the same high standard
that Mr. Victory has built in the past.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
YOUNG
MOT Hers

A mother who is in good physical
condition transmits to her child the
blessing Of good constitution;
sickly, ailing mothers, the reverse.
The tiny babe brings to her liv-
ing responsibility. At such a time
too great care cannot be taken to
build up the mothers general con-
stitution, and restore her feminine
system to a healthy, normal con-
dition. The greatest assistance that
any woman can have in accomplish
ing this all-important work il
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

The W. G. T. Y. will hold an import
ant meeting this afternoon at tho home
of Mrs. Jennie Hudson on Fifth street.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

Mrs +. J. Kingsbury, Seymour c.
Loomis. n. G. Osborn, Rev. Charles
Ray Palmer, Mrs, j. y. Sargent, Prof
j. g. Tracy, r. H. Warden and many
others
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

Tho w. r. c. will hold its regular
weekly whist this afternoon at 80
o'clock in odd Fellows hall The public
Is cordlay invited to attend.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

Hurley's Paddocks will play the shell
ton baseball team this afternoon on the
Meadows. The game Is to be called at
o'clock.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
SHELTON.
Especial Courier News Service. /

Especial Journal Courier News scrvicco
Henry Beardsley Of the firm
of tho Bearsdlcy Building companv
Is to have a model four-family fat
building erected at tho corner of Divi- |
sion avenue and Matby street. The
building will be ,wo-story affair and
36xj6 feet in size, The work will be
done by the Beardsloy Building Go.
! Ground for the erection Of tho building
was broken yesterday morning
state Councillor w A. Chase Of Wa
terbury, will be present at the regular
meeting Of Lady sherman council, y.
of L., which is to he held In Mechanics
hall, Wednesday evening.
The Shelton baseball team will play
a practice game with Hurley's Fad
docks of Derby meadows. The OPEN
ing game of the season viii be played
in this place on the new field at South
End, Friday afternoon at o'clock
when the local nine meets the Ansonia
high school aggregation
The Shelton Athletic association
held a largely attended meeting last
evening in its quarters on Howe ave-
nue.. Several new members were ad-
mitted and the baseball team which
opens the season Friday gave It's re-
port which was a very good one and
pleased the association "a very sue.
cessful season is assured the team.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
FACTS FOR SIGN WONaEM,

For thirty years lydia Z. PlnK-
hams Vegetable Compound, made
from roots and herbs, has been the
standard remedy for female ills,
and has positively cured thousands o.
women who have been troubled wiz
the worst forms. Why don't 20
try it?
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

The decorators are at work trans
forming St Mary's hall into almost a
fairyland for the second annual chart
ty bah which Is to be he'd on Friday
evening, April a.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14

Charles Rowcll Of New Haven ave-
nue. has returned after a weeks visit
with friends in White Hills.
The morning journal-courier., 1908-04-14
LYDIA e, EslegNsA AM'S
VEGETABLE COMPOUND

Mrs. NJ Gilmer, of West Union,
S. G., writes to Mrs. Pinkham,
Lynn, Mass.
II was greatly run down in health,
suffering from weakness peculiar to
my sex. began to take Lydia =.
Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, and
I was not only restored to health but
am the proud mother Of a fine baby
girl. wish every sick and ailing
woman would give Lydia =. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound a trial
Mrs. Paul Oliver, of st. Martin
vile, Ia, writes to Mrs. Pin)yham:
For years suffered from the worst
form of female troubles, and tho doctor
said could not get well without an
operation. Lydia e. pinkham's Vege-
table Compound restored me to perfect
health and ] have the sweetest little
baby girl. | will never cease to
praise Lydia II. Pinkham's medicine
The San Francisco call., 1908-03-16
EMPLOYMENT wANTED-naie

MIDDLE AGED man. who is well and fsVOrabIy
acquainted with best saloon and liquor trade
in California. Arizona part OF Nevada and
Honolulu. having travelled for largest brew
cries and last 10 years fer wholesale itqlsors.
commanding some city trade. wants engage
ment with good arm; highest OF references
Box 4176 Call office.
The San Francisco call., 1908-03-16
HALLS TO LET

HALLS 70 let suitable br lodges. sociais, etc. /:
Sunday societies also accommodated; rents
reasonable. Address JOHN G. JURY, Arcanum
haii, 1888 EDDY St GEAR Steiner). stating de-
sired reserve lions
The San Francisco call., 1908-03-16
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
DR.. McIV0R TRAVIS.
1911 SUFFER- STREET.

DR. MclNOK TRAVIS.
1911 SUFFER- STREET.
WORLDS MOST FAMOUS PSYCHIC
CLAIRvoYANT AND PALMIST.
ALWAYS CONSULT THE BEST
Without asking a question be will call you
by name and tell the object Of your visit,
OF Your friends. enemies or rivals. L promise
to tell you whether. your husband. wife or
the love of the one you most desire, even
though miles away; how TO succeed in business:
your Choice remore e9M eg % Dnence narEs tue one "
A SECRET Y0U SHOULD KNOW.
The Power of cOntrol-how TO be master
and ruler OF your own home and affairs. Is
your husband. wife or sweetheart indifferent TO
Fouf Are you occupying the position in life
you are ably qualified forl Do you wish to
possess the key TO the vsults-love. friendship.
success and fame: Know the secret of control
the power to inspire success and confidence
iife- Arise. throw OF the shaekles.' Ex-
change sorrow for joy: darkness for light. BE
master Of your destiny.''
THE GREAT KARMICK LAW
EXPLAINED.
Your fondest hopes can be realized 6y an
occult and potent power implanted Latent
THE PROFIT
is lifes sunshine. conscious power magnetism to
attract and strength to bold.
Dr. Travis possesses this power. ana IN aii
probability viii eliminate the cause Of your i'll
success in life. The way to wealth proven,
how love is gained explained; the laws 0f at
HOW TO OVERCOME ALL TROUBLES.
Your past. your present life and your entire
future ana everything can be told by consult.
ing THE YELLED PROPHET. the world-eminent
clairvoysnt and spirit medium, who is the
greatest master OF occult science and psychic
force the world has ever known.
Positively the only
YOGI MEDIATOR
PRACTICING IN AMERICA AT THE
PRESENT TINE.
DIR. Travis is recognized by the profession
their brightest STAR. IN will give you
LUCK that WINS in love. courtshp, marriage,
divorce. speculation. business.
WEAK MEDIUMS DEVELOPED
AND THOSE HAVING CASES THAT DO NOT
YIELD TO THE OLD LINE OF TREATMENT
ASSISTED AT REDUCED RATES FOR THIS
WEEk
Bring This Ad and Receive
MY GREAT s. READING FOR Si.0o
Separate Psrlors Lady Attendant.
Hours 10 10 s Permanently located in my
own home. Remember the name and address,
DR. McIVOR TRAVIS.
1911 Sutter ST. bet. Webster and Fillmore.
The San Francisco call., 1908-03-16

MADE ~ OREGON.
Hemleck salFe cures piles. piles only. 20 stsE
cured One box contains sufficient 10 thOrou glil
clean them out. in extreme cases Don T
let the price scare you At drug stores or send
direct - cents
rHE JOHN PAUL GARDNER Co. Portland. Or.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08
Fraternal Meetings
.~sMoNV LODGE NO a. O. o. '

Meets every Monday evening at 7;I'
In Odd Fellows Hall, Fort Street Vie
iting brothers cordially invited to a..
tend.
BEN F. VICKERs. N. @.
q. r. HENDRY. Sec.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08

Fine Job Printing, Star Office.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08
Claus Spreckels. VIM. G. Irwin.
ClaUSSprGCk0lS
BANKERS
HONOLULU, H. T.
San Francisco Agents-The Nevada
National Bank of San Francisco.

san Francisco Agents-The Nevada
National Bank of San Francisco.
DRAW EXCHANGE ON
SAN FRANCISCO-The Nevada Ma
tional Bank of San Francisco.
LONDON-Union Of London G Smith s
Bank, Ltd.
NEW YORK-American Exchange Ma
tional Bank.
CHICAGO-Corn Exchange National
Bank.
PARIS-Credit Lyonnais.
BERLIN-Dresdner Bank.
HONGKONG AND YOKOHAMA-The
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation.
NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA
Bank of New Zealand, and Bank of
Australasia.
VICTORIA AND VANCOUVER-Bank
of British North America.
TRANSACT A GENERAL BANKING
AND EXCHANGE BUSINESS.
Deposits Received, Loans Made on
Approved Security, Commercial and
Travellers Credits issued. Bills Of Elk
change Bought and Sold.
COLLECTING PROMPTLY AC-
COUNTED FOR.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08
ALL RIGHT.

Nervous Old Lady-What are you
doing in my grounds with a lantern
at this time of night?
The Baker-It's all right, ma'am,
I'm only looking for my father.
Nervous Old Lady-Looking for
your father?
The Bakeries, ma'am he's just
stepped out.
Nervous Old Lady-Stepped out
where from?
The Baker-From a lunatic asylum,
ma'am.-Puck.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08
THE
BANK oFHAwAI1
LIMITED.
LIMITED.
Incorporated Under the Laws of the
Territory OF Hawaii.
CAPITAL, SURPLUS AND PROFITS,
S1,O2S,9S2.39
OFFICERS:

OFFICERS:
Chas. M. Cooke. President
p. g. Jones. ............ Vtce-Presldent
F. w. Macfarlane. End. Vice-President
G. H. Cooke. neutrality-suspicious.. Cashier
,. Hustace, Jr..........A Asst. Cashier
F. B. Damon. ... Asst. Cash. & Secty
2. X Meyers. .................A Auditor
Board of Directors: Chas. M. Cooke,
P. @. Jones, F. w. Macfarlane, e. F.,
Bishop, e. D. Tenney, ]. A. McCand-
less, Geo. r. Carter, g. H. Atherton, F..
G. Atherton, c. H. Cooke, F. B. Damon.
COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS DE-
PARTMENTS.
Strict attention given to all branches
of Banking
JUDD BUILDING, FORT STREET
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08
HEAD OFFICE, YOKOHAMA.
Branches and Agencies:

Toxic, Kobe, Osaka, Nagasaki, Lon
don, Lyons, New York, San Francisco,
Bombay, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Han
kow, Chefoo, Tientsin, Picking, New
chang, Dalny, Port Arthur, Antung-
Hsien, Liaoyang, Mukden, Tienling,
Chungchun.
The bank buys and receives for col
lection bills of exchanges, issues Drafts
and Letters of Credit, and transact a
general banking business.
Honolulu Branch 81 King Street
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08

Sept, s..
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08
LUCK.

Some of the curio shops kept open
door last night until the wee sma
hours agint the dawn"
EDITIR TIMES.
Sept. 8.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08
COUPONS.

Hawaii is bound to become a State
in very short time, according to the
trend of affairs; it seems inevitable.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1908-09-08

HONOLULU LODGE GIG, q. p o. e.
will meet their hall, King street
near Fort, every Friday evening. BY
order of the E. r.
WIN. H. Mc1NERNY, E. R.
H. G. EASTON, secy.
New-York tribune., 1908-05-17
INDTTTDTtI RIGHTS $.

Samuel Gompers. president Of the American
Federation of Labor. made an excellent aTgu-
ment for the right Of the workingman to work
for whom he plcases and the right of the en-
ployer to employ whom he pleases without fear
of boycott before the Senate Committee on Ju-
dietary Yesterday. Mr.. Gomrers had no such
intention In fact. he would probably deny that
he had done so. He would say that he appeared
To plead for the boycott and TO set the Judiciary
right in the matter Of injunctions. Neverthe-
less. he said:
No man has property right or vested interest
in my patronage or that of my fellows. / can
bestow it or withhold it.
NO man has property right or vested in
terest in my work or that of my fellows" the
non-llnion worker may answer. Il can bestoW
it or withhold it,
NO man has property right or vested IN
torest in the goods buy TO sell, may be said
by the boycotted business man. II can sell or
refuse to SELL
Mr.. Gompers further said:
They 1.-THE American aborers are not going to
be driven out of existence by being forced TO
surrender the privilege of doing the lawful things
that other people are privileged to do and the
exercise of individual rights that have been rec
ognlzed as lawful since Magma Charta.
Business men who have been and are being
bOycotted. men who have lost employment be-
cause they would not at the demand Of Mr..
Gompers surrender the exercise of individual
rights that have been recognized rs lawful since
Magma Charta, will thank Mr.. Gompers for this.
They couldn't have stated their own case more
MAINLY
New-York tribune., 1908-05-17
NOTES FROM TUXEDO PARK.
- Tslerrsrh Il Ths Trihun-

F. TELEGRAPH The JrfhIn-.
Tuxsdo Park Y Nav 1s.--Unfavorabls v.ather
tbt. week caused stfI further possponennent ot
many of the cottage arrivals az Tuxedo Park 10
day. however. several arrived at the cluohousA
for the dsv and over sunday Automooie parres
numerous
+bai nIar. p+ in order for their arrival week.
and Mr. and Mrs Pierre Lorillard, who spent the
winter at Washington. are due at keeTaydtn on
June I.
other cottage arrivals This week we're NJ and
Mrs Henry : Redmond. their villa overlooking
Tuxedo Lake. Mr.. and Mrs Philip BenkaTd n
the voss house occupied recently by Mark Tvain'
Mr. and Mrs Theodore Frenghuvsen. Mr. ana
Mrs John -. Elliott. Mrs William n Young. Mrs-
Charles IT. Coster. Mr.. and Mrs. William O. Davis.
Mr. and Mrs Joseph 7. Tower and NJ. and Ms
Herman NoSeI.
Mr.. and Mrs Alfred seton. IT. have moved into
the Barley cottage The viii 50 abroad soon
Mr. and Mrs H. r. Rogers, jr-. have epenea
their villa on West Lake Road
The Rev. and Mrs. Herbert ShlPu1an VII OPEN
the BRADLEY cottage next week
Mir and Mrs schuyler SchisTelin viii spend tbs
early summer the Cooper villa
Mr. and Mrs. HarIestou Deacon have closed tSe,-
cottage for the early summer, having gone abroad-
Mrs. William ". GrtnreH has vacated the Mason
Jones house. 10 pass the summer ar Southampton.
Mr. and Mrs Bernard T. Sreiunau have returned
from abroad and 1t their villa for the summer
ard Mr.. and Mrs hmory s. Carhart are az VIA
Blanca for the season.
Mr.. and Mrs. ". NJ. V. Hoffman viii return from
abroad on June and orcupy FaShurst-
Others vino are in cottages for the early summer
Mfr. and Mrs. Walter s. GuTuse. Mr.. and Mr7-
Ernest vitze. Mr. and Mrs. ?. F. carey. Nj ard
Mrs. l.. ]. Pooler, Mr.. and Mrs. T. W Porter ana
Ms F. ScofeId.
Mr.. and Mrs. stephen Fl. 2. Feu are AT the cluh-
house for several DAYS
Other late arrivals are Mr. and Mrs j. FREQ
eric Tsms Miss Violet Cruscr. !. e. prayton. MISS
Caroline Drsyton. Miss Boriand, F. F. De Kham
and Fl. ~. Hooker.