davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03
CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS.
Opportunities offered for Obtaining EN-
plOyment Under the Federal
Government.

The United States Civil Service
Commission announces the following
examinations to take place on the
dates given below, and circulars con-
tanning further information relative
| thereto may be seen at the Office Of
this paper:
October Apprentice plate cleaner
and engraver, bureau of engraving
and printing, Washington, D. c., at
$500 per annum.
October 13-Press feeder (cylinder
or platen), government printing Office,
at 25c. per hour.
October 14-Plate cleaner, bureau
of engraving and printing, at $40 pei
annum.
October 14-Fsrmer with knowledge
of irrigation, Indian service, at from
$500 to 5000 per annum.
October l9-Highway or railway
engineer and irrigation engineer,
Philippine service, at from $1,000 to
$500 per anpum.
October l4-Fish culturiss, bureau
of fisher es, one vacancy at Putin
Bay, Ohio, and one at ST. Johnsbury,
Vermont, at $500 per annum.
October Veterinarian. Philip
pine service, at from $500 to $1,000
per annum.
October 21-Assfstant designer, bu.
reau of engraving and printing, at
$1,000 per annum.
October Telegraph operator, de-
partment of yards and docks, navy
yard, Charleston, s. c., at 50 per diem,
including Sundays.
October 21-Scale adjuster, mint and
assay service, New Orleans, La, at
81. so per diem.
October 2l.22 Forest assistant,
Philippine service, at entrance salary
of S1400 per annum.
October 22-Librarian male J,
naval war college, Newport, R. l.,
at $1400 per annum.-
October 81 % 23-M Mechanical drafts.
mau, ordnance department at large, at
from $1,000 to $1,000 per annum.
October 28-Aid, division of insects,
national museum, at SIS per month.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03
WHAT WOULD MR.. BRYAN Do?

How Would He Act if Confronted by the
Emergency in Our Financial Affairs.
Some very pertinent and important
questions were asked by Rev. DR..
John Wesley Hill, pastor of the Met
ropolitan Temple of New York city,
in the course of a speech before the
Natiopal League of Republican Clubs
at Cincinnati, the other day. DIR. Hill
said:
"Mr. Bryan's claim to support
rests on the profession of his own re-
formation: that is, that he is a new
and better Bryan, and that the Re
publican senate would be sufficient
guarantee of his harmlessness.
"Now, where is there the shadow of
a reason to believe that the blind guide
of 1896 and 1900 has recovered his
sight? II Mr.. Bryan has been con,
verted from his follies, when and
where did it occur? True, he is not
talking about SO cent dollars. But
though he is silent on the detased
dollar, has he ever condemned it?
"Nhat would he do were ne con-
fronted by the emergency in our
financial affairs thrust upon President
Cleveland? Would he or would he not
maintain the gold standard? Ibwould
be very easy for MIR. Bryan to answer
this important question in word.
His silence is ominous. It Is at this
point that he performs the vanishing
act, disappearing silently, leaving
only trail of fog with which to OBJ
scure the vital issue"
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

The question as t. who will be next
president isn't altogether monopo-
lizing attention he1eabouts. "Who will
be parish treasurer" is a query that
divides public interest with the presi
dental contest, and tits probable that
in certainquarters therei more concern
concerning the little fight than the big
one. Meanwhile let Aureiien King to
the job. He is capable and trust
worthy, and no material harm can
result from his confined occupancy
of the position.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03
TO VOTE AGAINST FREE TRADE,
STAMP THE ELEPHANT.
Compare the Following Records of the
Republican and Democratic Parties.
Prices of Louisiana's Products.

Whatever prosperity Louisiana has
enjoyed is due to national Republican
administra and not TO local Dem
ocratic administration.
Organism means free trade. When
voting in congress on the Wilson bill
Bryan made speeches demanding alb
solute free trade.
Millions of dollars are secured from
congress by Republican representa-
sives for the irrigation of the arid
lands of Republican states. Not a
dollar has our congressman eyer Sc.
cured for the reclamation or drainage
Of Louisiana lands. Why this failure?
One vote by Republican in the
Republican caucus means more power
ia tariff legislation than eight votes
by Democratic congressman on the
floor OF the house after the tariff bill
has been framed.
Had we Republican representative
in congress to push the already an
mated tendency of the government
towards the construction of the Inter
coastal Canal and the development OF
our waterways, these needed measures
would be assured.
The next congress will be Repub-
liean beyond doubt. It's caucus will
be the jury before which our fate will
be tried. Into this caucus no Demo-
crat is admitted. Sending Democrat
from protection district to congress
would be like resting our case in court
without plea In our behalf.
We appeal to every laborer, farmer
and manufacturer in the Third Con-
gressional District, irrespective OF
past local or national affiliations. to
aid us in this fight. Tariff legislation
will be positively enacted this fall.
Both Democratic and Republican plat
forms have so declared. This election
marks the greatest crisis we have ever
known. We must be represented in
congress by Republican who stands
boldly for protection on all interests
of this great country, and not only for
the protection of our Individual in
terests.
The Democratic platform plainly de-
mands free trade on lumber. Why do
the lumbermen sit silently by and give
up this 50 per thousand?
Salt is one of the most protected
industries of our state. Without the
tariff where would it be?
Potatoes and onions are protected
by 25c. to 4Oc. per bushel duty. Why
vote for Free Trade Brya an and remove
the duty?
When you have case in court, do
you not employ a lawyer to present
your side of the case? Why not do
likewise in politics? Send a republican
representative to defend your case in
a Republican caucus of a Republican
congress.
You work assiduously to make a
crop and you refuse to aid in securing
for that crop living price.
Will you vote for the Republican
party, Protection and Good Prices, or
for Bry az, Free Trade and Starvation?
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Another examination for those who
wish 10 secure certificate Of eligibility
as parish superintendent will be held
some time in the near future, at d ate
to be fixed by the executive committee
Of the state board of education. AL
But these who failed in the last ex-
animation will be allowed to stand
this examination.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03
Whom Does it Fitq
Communicated.

Apologize superintendent, it seems to me,
Should strive to make the marks.
Than wear the Eeady-made-suits free,
Cut out and patched by John Marks.
Three-ffths the New, only, could qualify,
But to the Old, how easy is the pie.
None particular mean to hit
Yet wear the cap he whom does fit.
P. A. VEGAS.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

: We will sell you a genuine solid
gold diamond set ring IRON size 3 TO
size for three dollars. Linde's old
stand, f. E. Wilson, proprietor.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03
Louisiana State Normal School.


The Louisiana State Normal School runs
twelve months in the year. The annual sessions
are divided into three terms of four months
each. The next term opens on Thursday Oct. l..
New boarding accommodations for 200 more
young women have been provided, and special
provisions are being made to increase the num-
Der of men in the Normal School to meet the
growing demand in Louisiana for men in the
teaehing business.
Many improvements are being made, the fac
ulty has been enlarged, and the course of study
is being advanced. .
The average cost of attendance for term of
is weeks is $3.50.
Write for catalogue.
J. B. AswELL, President.
Natchitoches. La.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Thirty two passengers were badly
injured as result of wreck on the
yazoo and Mississippi Valley Rail-
road at Lamont, Miss.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Two trainmen were killed and thirty
six passengers injured in wreck on
the St. Louis-an San Francisco Rail
road near Carthage, Mo.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Angus Eberhardt pleaded guilty at
Hackensack, N: j., to the murder Of
his aunt and was sentenced to thirty
years in the penitentiary.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03
BUDwETsER.

The most popular beer in the world. There is
less profit to the dealer who sells it, because it
costs most at the brewery, yet its sales exceed
those OF all other bottled beers which proves
that its superiority is recognized everywhere.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Police officers at Pau, France, ar
rested several anarchists on suspicion
of having formed a DOt to assassinate
the king of Spain at Biarritz.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Three worshippers were killed and
the minister mortally wounded as the
result of an attack by an intoxicated
mob on church near Anthras, Tenn.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Grief over the demise OF Miss Ella
Soden, of Brooklyn, N. Y, caused
her mother and brother to commit
suicide BY taking chloroform.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

United States Poatofice Inspector
Charles Fitzgerald was shot by Deputy
Postmaster w. A. sorsby at Clinton,
Miss, End later succumbed to his
wounds in sanitarium at Jackson,
Miss.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

A contract was awarded for the
erection of chapel and administra-
tion building at the Mississippi Agri
cultural and Mechanical College, at a
cost of S8I, o77. go.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Transient, official or legal advertisements, 81
per inch first insertion; each subsequent inser-
Sion SO cents per inch.
Reading notices. first insertion. Is cents per
Bine; subsequently, 10 cents per line.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Since the beginning of the cholera
epideric there have been 1858 cases
and 7l02 deaths in Russia, with 4931
cases and 1876 deaths reported in St.
Petersburg.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Brief communications upon subjects of public
interest solicited.
No attention paid to anonymous letters.
The editor is not responsible for the views of
correspondents.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Albert 7. Patrick, the lawyer serving
= life sentence in Sing Sing for muir
der, charged that the prison author
tiles are trying to goad him to COM
NIT suicide.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

The presence of cholera in Manila
was responsible for an order that no
shore leave be allowed sailors of the
American fees upon its arrival at th ct
port.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Martin Lund, diver, fought and
won a desperate battle with deviIfsh
while working in the hold of wrecked
steamer off the coast of Maria county,
Cal.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

Temporary Quarter. III Camp Street. near Canal
sAvE1Gs DEPARTMENT.


Three oneha per allowed Savings Deposits
from dollar and Certificates Deposit Interest
annually. Deposits received by mail
DEPARTMENT.
Acts Executor Wills Administrator Estates Guardian for
Minors Transfer Agent for Corporations Receiver Lgaon Depository
OF Court Moneys, and
DEPARTMENT.
Government bought
Sold offerings constitute
excellent facilities meeting dm
mating investors List mailed Address
ESTATE DEPARTMENT
Assumes entire charge Of commercial and residential Essa
collects
residents, and individuals corporations
this the stockholders
Central safety of its
management, dncay of Whny
Central National Bank.
The experience its Officers Directors makes
services invaluable to Its
eHHAR1IEs GoDSEAyx PreAdA
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

). In New York, New Jersey and Penn
sylvania and in the upper Ohio valley
rains broke the long drouth and
quenehed many of the forest fires that
had been raging for some days.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

If an editor makes a mistake he
publishes it to ali the world and then
mas to apologize for it, but If doctor
makes mistake he bories it. Ii an
editor makes one there is a lawsuit,
swearing AMI the smell of sulphur:
but when The doctor makes one ther
funeral, cut flowers and smell OF
varnish. A doctor can use a word q
yard long without knowing what it
means; but if an editor uses it he has
70 spell it. Any old college can make
a doctor. You cant make so editor
he has 10 be born.-Ex.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03
oFFIc S

HARRY T. HOWARD; Vice-President.
JOHN B. FERGUSON, Cashier.
EDWARD Fl. KEEP, Assistant Cashier.
MAURITZ PYK, Assistant Cashier.
CHAs. T. BAISLEY, Mgr. Foreign Ex-
change Department.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

CHARLES GODCHAUx, President.
FRANK B. WILLIAMS, VicezPresident.
CHARLES NJ. WHITNEY, Vice-President.
sol WEXLER, Vice President.
JN0. E. BOUDEN, JR., Vice-President.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

We live by our blood, and on
1t. We thrive or starve, as our
blood is rich or poor. There is
nothing else to live on or by.
When strength is full and
spirits high we are being re-
freshed-bone, muscle and
brain, in body and mind with
continual flow of rich blood.
This is health.
When weak, in low spirits, no
cheer, no spring, when rest is
not rest and sleep is not sleep,
we are starved; our blood is
poor; there is little nutriment
in it.
Back of the blood is food,
to keep the blood rich. When
It fails, take
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03
MI. Taft and The Labor Vote.

As far as Mr.. TAFT is concerned the
effort of his opponents to make cap
ital out OF his judicial decisions in con-
tempt and injunction proceedings is
not in good faith.
All his decisions we're rendered
in perfect good faith on his part,
which has never been questioned by
anyone.
Being at the time judge, his sole
function and absolute duty was to as,
certain what the law was and to apply
it to the case in, hand. This he did.
To have doEe otherwise would not
only have demonstrated his unftness
to have been judge. but also his unfit
ness to te president.
That his opinions and decisions
we're sound law has been established
not only by the fact that they have all
been affirmed on appeal to the United
States supreme court where appeals
were taken, or else accepted and sub
mitted to because so manifestly sound
that an appeal would have been OBJ.
viously futile.
Moreover, it is believed that these
decisions are uniformly regarded by
lawyers, irrespective of party af1ilia-
ton or political bias, to have been
accurate and sound expositions Of
what tie law actually was at the time
Any change must be matter of legfs-
lative and not judicial action. Mr..
Taft has never, it is believed, been a
member of any legislative body, and
certainly not since these decisions
were rendered, so that he has been
without more power than any other
individual citizen to change the law.
II any of his judicial rulings have
been unfair to labor, which is not con-
eedsj, the fault has been with the law
and not with the able ard upright
judge who construed the law fairly
and correctly as he found it, as he
was in duty bound to do.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

This bank has correspondents at every
important commercial center in the world,
and its Foreign Department is well equipped
for handling banking business with other
countries. gTravelers' and Commercial
Letters of Credit issued, available every
where. Money transferred by mail, tele-
graph or cable throughout the world.
TY DEPOSIT VAULTS.
u UPWARDS PEA ANNuM
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1908-10-03

The policy of the Whitney-Central
National Bank is to be conservative, yet
progressive; to grant such terms as are con-
sistent with sound banking principles; to
keep it's facilities and organization up to
date for the conduct of all branches of
foreign and domestic banking. Correspon-
dence is invited from banks, bankers, cor
porations, firms and individuals who may
contemplate opening new or an additional
account in New Orleans.
UNDERGROUND SAFE
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13
BIRTHS M DEATHS.

B.rths-Charles Garden, First and Spring,
girl; "A. 2. Petite, 90 south Thirty-lourtn.
DOs Askel OacoOseh, 800 South Twenty
tHiTd, gin; BeTt NJ. McCral, 24301z South
fl4teeI..n, oCy; Carl Stanmer, Jr, 41U Vim
lOn, gin; hTvu q. Wolfe. 4JU2 North TNen-
- -.ourtn. boy. Edward stone, LOS S1utn
ihiS-tlsh.h, sill; Maurice hoppenhdffer,
1cyJ mason, bl.l.
Dea,ns-w after Steinmetz, $40 Bancroft,
SO; augusta Nelson, 4546 Nicholas, 40; Mar
baleC Leone fooie, laOG ohio, 4 months;
nan Carlson, 1oU5 Ohio, ? months.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13
PATENTS
PERSONAL
10 s sS,,S nj md M bath !. M n6o,

A HOME for women during confinement
we find homes for babies where mothers
cannot care for them Mother Lee, ta
Qs)-M96S
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13
Clerical ana once.


WANTED Men with commercial ability.
Cooperative Reference Co, 6b Brandeis
Bldg. (O-M992 "a
DRUG clerks petitions. Kniest. N. Y. n
Bldg. 0)-64
CLERK with office experience for posi-
ton in bank; must write q rapid BUSH
ness hand. Address p $50, care OF Bee.
0l-MS33
FaetOrS and Trades.
LEARN INSTRUMENTATION guaran-
teed; booklet free. Boyles College, Omaha,
Neb. Official training school U, p: r.
WANTED-TWsnty experienced car repair
ers Apply al the Cudahy Packing Co,
south Omaha. Neo. @l-Mth
WANTED-Men TO learn barber trade; will
equip shop for YOU or furnish positions;
rev weeks completes. constant practice
careful Instructions. tools given eatnr-
: day wages; diplomas granted Write for
SsIalogue, Moler Barber College. ITO 30.
lfth 81 @)-MSS2 lsx
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13
DEATHS AND FUNERAL NOTICES.

wTE-zgEr<Sz5EEG
STEtNMETZ-Walter, June S, aged Al
years.
Funeral from residence, $50 Bancroft
street. at 4 o'clock p. M, Friday. Remains
Will be sent to st. Louis.
LtxSzzszzzZzAEE
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13
Another day gone and the
still UnSOld. If you want a quick
sale use "BEE want ads"
OFFERED FOR RENT

Jus and COttaEes--COntinued,
IoUsEs-Peters Trust Co.. N. Y. L. Bldg.
Q5)-6l0
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13

Col PARK AVE, new brick house Z rooms,
modern, oak finish, S5. Tel. Harvey 1910.
O5)-301 Is
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13

Advertisements for the want al
columns win be taken until 4" m. for
the evening edition and until Q p. m.
for the morning and sunday editions.
Cash must all orders for
want ads and no advertisement VIII
he accepted for less than 10 cents for
first insertion.
Rates apply to either The Daily or
sunday Bee.
Always count six words 60 n line.
Combinations of initials or numbers
count as one wrd.
CASH RATES ron WANT ADS.
REGULAR CLASSIFICATION - One
insertinn, per line, 10 cents. Two or
more consecutive Insertions, per line,
o cents. Each Insertion made on odd
days, 10 cents per line. $3.50 per
line per month"; excepting that
FURNISHED ROOM ADS,
when accompanied by cash, the rate
will bet One insertion, 4 cents per
line, three to six consecutive inser-
tIons, 3 cents per line each insertiOnj
seven or more consecutive insertions,
= cents per line each insertiOnJ 90
cents per line per month.
want ads for The Dee may he left
at any of the following drug stores
one Is your CbEheE
are all branch Offices for h Bee and
your ad will he inserted Just nS
promptly and on the same rates as at
the main once I'm III Bee Building,
seventeenth and Farnam streets.
Albach. W. c., 10th and Farnam.
Beranek, S. A.. l402 g.. 18th ST..
Becht Pharmacy, 40 S. 18th St
Benson Pharmacy, Benson, Neb.
Benlis Park Pharmacy, SD and Cumlhs'
Caughlin, e. r., 9th and Pierce Sts.
clifton Hill Pharmacy, 2213 Military Ave-
Contc, ]. b.. 3lst Ave. and Farnam:
Crissey Pharmacy, Gath and Lake SITS.
Cermak. Emil, 1204-5 5. 18th ST.
Eastman Pharmacy. 1902 Leavenworth'
Foster & Arnold 2ls \. 25ih 81.
Florence Drug Co.. Florence, Neb.
Goldman Pharmacy. 10Th and Lake SITS.
Green's Pharmacy, corner Park Ave. and
Pacific.
GIecnough. G. A., 1925 S. 10th st.
Drecrough, G. A., 1924 S. 10th st.
Hayden, VIM. c.. 1920 Farnam;
Banscom Park Pharmacy. 1901 S. 18th Ave.
Hoist, John. GA n. 18th 81.
HUFF. =. l.. 1924 Ieavenworth st.
King. II. s, 1898 Farnam st.
Eounize Place Pharmacy, 26o4 n. oath. q.
Potrick Drug Co. 1902 y. oath St
Lathrop. Charles E, 1924 N. Path st.
Feyton, l.. e. gath and Leavenworth.
Saratoga Drug Co., Gath and Ames Ave.
Schaefer's Cut Price Drug Co, 10th and
Chicago SITS.
schaefer. August. 2oSi n. 18th st.
Schmidt. ] H., 24th and Cunning SITS.
Storm Pharmacy. 18th and Martha SITS.
Walton Pharmacy. Goth and Grace.
Worth q. H., 10th and Hamilton SITS.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13
ANNOUNCEMENTS
BARTER AND EXCHANGE

WILL exchange new buggy for driving
horse. Omaha Busy Co., Li5-l1 FarnanI.
3)-MOOi
Omaha daily bee., 1908-06-13
REAL ESTATE
FARM AND RANCH LAND FOR SALE
Canada
Colorado.

go ACRES GREELEY (COLO) LAND,
IN the great potato and sugar beet dis.
trict, and will grow almost any crop. To
come under new ditch now building;
water by fail; will be worth then $50 to
800 an acre. Frank K. Miller. $40 South
Pearl st., Denver. Colo. (20-M2s4 23x
WANTED - We have several thousand
acres of good Colorado lands for sale; we
want good, live agents to represent us.
Globe Land and Investment Co. Omaha.
Neb. (20)-M666
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1908-03-10

isiderati0n
Congressman Ferris said today ~
I could have received a careful con.
sideration On The floor of The house
7 could have knocked out the interest
clause but the chances oG losing all
were too greet 50 / accepted the Best
J could get
Stephens county may well be thank
full that they had a friend at court in
The person Of Scott Ferris, for the
chairman Of Indian ahiars and the In
dians commissioner were determined
to cut out that county altogether and
il was only after many hard trips to
the department and to the committee
and much help from the pasture peo-
pie that is was ever saved.
Ferris says now that he has landed
the big appropriation for the Kiowa-
Comanche Indians OF 10000 that he
hes secured the passage Of his true
pride and the first bill, the pasture
extension and has passed bill giving
to the state Of Oklahoma the first
flag bearing forty-six stars that ever
loated over the nations capitol, that
he is going to have his shoes half
ioled and go after restrictions, public
buildings, fish hatcheries for his dis
lict the abolition of bucket shopsg
md all kinds Of gambling in the prod
Icts Of the soil
The new state Of Oklahoma may
ave men that will accomplish more
han Ferris but the results he is get,
ing will make them hurry. One thing
ure, they viii never have more
oval, hard-working member for the
felfare of the state and districts tdat
e represents.