davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27
RUST AND MILDEW UPON
WHEAT HURTS PRODUCTION
Effort Being Made a Is mi to
Disease-By Prof. ID. Fin1ayson Eminent English
Agricultural Scientist.

The innumerable species OF micro.
scopic fungi which are in many in.
stances so destructive to the life and
vigor Of many farm and garden crops.
are diverse In structure and habit and
OF much importance. Though differ
ing in their mode of life and the
'amount of damage they may do to
particular crops, the species agree in
the absence of the beautiful green
coloring so universal in the higher
order of plants.
The physiological peculiarities
whereby the growth becomes para
site or saprophytic are entirely de-
pendent upon the inabiTity to rlanu-
facture and elaborate the foodstuffs
required In ordinary plants the green
cells, particularly those Of the leaves.
may in sense be likened to a manu-
factory or chemical laboratory where
the various complex vital processes
concerned in the elaboration of the
foodstuff and the nutrition Of the
plant are carried on. In the green
cells. under the energising action of
sunlight, starch and other more COM
plex compounds are formed from the
elements of carbon-dioxide from the
atmosphere in conjunction with wa
ter, bearing in solution mineral mat
ter from the soil. Plants destitute of
the green coloring matter (cholro-
phylD, such as the fungi, not being
in a position to manufacture the food
necessary, obtain livelihood in one
or other of two ways. One class of
fungi lives upon the decaying remains
,f plants and animals and are known
as "saprophytes; the other, para
;itic fungi, rob the living plant of
prepared food materials. which would
otherwise be used to maintain and
increase its vigor, and in the ultimat
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

Surely II the busy city man whose
business keeps him in the city all day.
so that the garden plot must be
worked before breakfast and after sup
per, can answer yes to the question
propounded above, then the farmer.
with his more favorable opportunity
and greater facilities of planting and
cultivating, can answer yes, too. And
yet It seems necessary to keep con-
stantly preaching the utility and COM
fort of the garden patch on the farm,
for there are yet many farmers who
are denying themselves and their fam
lilies the blessing of the home grown
vegetables and fruits. But why should
they when so little extra effort of time
and thought will supply their tables
with the wholesome good things?
Many farmer might profitably OBJ
serve what some City men with gar
dening proclivities are accomplishing
on back yard plots with simple ini-
plements and scant time.
Here is what one industrious resi-
dent of Morgan Park, town adjacent
W AIlCaHc, bos
dening line last summer. What farm
err Is there who with the horses and
tools at his command could not du-
pllcate this mans harvest without
one-half the expenditure Of time or
labor? From early spring this city
mans garden supplied family of six
with an abundance of vegetables, and
there was always goodly surplus
with which to gladden. the hearts OF
neighbors and friends. BY successive
sowings the crop of radlshes was CON
tinuous from April to October. To
matces and peppers were started Feb
ruary Is in the mans basement, end
later set out in their permanent 10
cations when the weather had become
warm enough. Caullflower was started
In the same way.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

data as to the blossom infection the
evidence all points to the conclusion
that Infection of this kind occurred
generally In Delaware In 1906.
The blossoms were apparently inoc-
ulated, and the disease obtained
foothold in the young fruit, perhaps
carried into the tissue by the growth
of the pollen into the stigmatic sur.
face of the pistil The organisms pro-
ceeded very slowly down the peduncle
of the blossom, and into the fruit spur
cutting off nourishment from the
young fruit. and causing It to shrivel
and die. The leaves OF the spur i'm
mediately surrounding the base of the
infected apple were also cut OFF from
nourishmcnt by the growth of the
organisms and also killed. This oc-
Cured about two or three weeks after
the blossoming time or long enough
Tor the organisms to max their way
down the peduncle of the flower and
into the spur.
The evidence is made more conclu-
sive from the fact that, in cases where
other blossoms in the same spur did
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

net become infected, the young ap
pies continued to develop and reached
a diameter of one-half to three-fourths
Of an inch by the time the organisms
starting from another blossom of the
same bud had reached the spur. In
some cases the disease was thrown
eff and the apples continued to de.
ye,op. In other (See plate Fig. and
y, cases the organisms, after reaching
the spur continued up the peduncle Of
these partly grown apples Some were
completely rotted at time Of lnspec-
ton, in others the organisms had only
reached part way up the peduncles.
On examination, the juices Of young
apples infected through the peduncle
IN this way was found to be full of the
organisms of the disease. Cultures
were made from these apples and pear
twigs successfully inoculated.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

of this nagstones should be placed
three or four inches apart; these
stones answer for a crate and the
space between the stones allows the
ashes to drop through into the ash
pit. The fire hole should be stoned up
three feet high then corbelled in until
the stones meet (see plan). By stand.
ing up pieces of boards or planks
around the outside of kiln, filing the
kiln with stone and pudding In clay
between the board and bank at the
same time, the stone will hold the
boards from crushing in, and when
the kiln Is burned and the lime re-
moved the sides OF the kiln will be
like one solid brick and will last for
several burnings. 1t usually requires
about 70 hours to burn an ordinary
kiln.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

In the garden were to be found the
regular yellow turnip, and the small
yellow turnip. new variety. The
raised because OF the economy OF
space which 1t made possible over
the common ground variety. There
was an abundance Of sweet corn of the
Peep O. Day variety; Its strong points
being early maturity. besides being
sweet and tender. The hubbard squash
was highly successful. goodly store
being harvested for winter use. Three
kinds of beans were grown. two being
OF the lima variety. And besides the
foregoing the garden produced an
abundance Of carrots. onions. parsnips.
celery. cabbage. beets. wax beans.
Kohl rabi, spinach and rhubarb. All
the work in the garden was done BY
the man himself, even 10 the spadins
of The plot in the spring and every
morning found him up before sunrise
and busy amidst his plants and
shrubs. and every night after the days
work was done found him In the same
place. This fall this man, who Is
looking forward to even q better sea-
son next year. has made several cold
frames, In which he will be able to
start his seed earlier and get strong
vigorous plants by the time the wealth.
er is settled to permit transplanting
In the open ground. And what this
city man has done any farmer can
more easily do. Plan for the garden
plot next season. Wife will be happy
and she and the rest Of the family will
give you place among the true phllan.
thropists.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

difficulty and disappointment. Many
experiments were made to infect
plants direct by means of teleuto
spores or by sporidae. either throu "a
the root, leaf or other surface, bat
without success. This was the con.
dition Of affairs when the late Prof.
de Barry took the matter up, and after
numerous rainstaking observations es.
tablished the connection between the
clustcrcup or aecidum disease On the
leaf OF the barberry and mildew. the
former (the cluster-cup disease) being
sumply an cartier form OF mildew,
living its life on another host plant
and preceding the rust disease Of
wheat De Barry discovered that prac
tically at will he could produce the
barberry disease by sowing the teleuto
barberry leaf, and further, by sowing
aecidio spores of the barberry on the
young leaves of the wheat the pres
ence of rust, and ultimately mildew.
was foregone conclusion.
Though there are no direct RENE
burning of infected straw, which car
ries the resting spores of the disease
over the winter, may aid considerably
in the mitigation of the evil. 81
The difficulty that has to be met
and surmounted is the blending to-
gether in one ear or grain, rust resist
ance from one type. strength from
another, yield and, perhaps early
maturity from yet another. and when
the plantbreeder has realized his de-
sires after years of research and ex.
perimenting, in all probability the new
type he has evolved will be suitable
orly for growth and ability to main
tain its character under similar con-
d,tions to that in which IL was origin
ated. Rust-resistant wheat grown in
Australia became badly rusted when
grown in America, and vice versa. II
has been stated by more than one au'
thcrity that the injury done by rust
to cereal crops exceeds sl00,000.00C
per annum. The department of agri
culture has put on record: THE dam
age to wheat and oats from rust III
this country probably exceeds that
caused by any other fungus or insect
pest. and, In some localities. is greater
than that caused by all other enemies
combined
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

This arrangement can be attached
to any sized house. Be sure that all
cracks are stopped around the roost-
ing room.
Ais a curtain Of heavy muslin
hung on roller. TO be let down after
the fowls have gone to roost. This
curtain should not be raised of a
morning until the feed and water is
distributed, then when 1t is raised all
the fowls have an equal chance at the
feed.
BIS the dropping board, which
should be made of tongue and grooved
lumber
C.-The roosts. They should be
eight inches above the dropping board
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

so the droppings may be raked out
with ease.
D.-The nest boxes; they may be
made of boxes secured at the grocery
with a part of one end and the top
taken Off.
Els n place to store dry leaves
or cut straw for the scratching shed.
F-A board about four inches
broad hung on hinges 80 as to let
down while cleaning out the drop
pings.
Windows for light and ventilation
should be In front
A scratching shed at the end ten
feet square for 80 fowls-Farmers'
Review.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

spring. These last-mentioned spores
are thick.walled two-celled bodies
club-like or spindle-shaped. When
termination takes place in the spring
the germ tube is protruded from each
cell. which grows until it's length Is
two or three times the length of the
original spore; partitions are then
formed across the tube. dividing 1t
into three OF four segments. each seq
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

ing a bright orange color; this dark
ened as the corn ripened, until ulti-
mateIy the spots were dark brown.
and the spores produced from the
same mycelia which gave rise to the
rust spore of the summer, turned out
TO be not the rust spores Of the uredo
stage, but the teleuto spores OF wheat
mildew. This proved the view held
by some of the most famous biologists
after repeated experiments that the
disease so long known as wheat mfr
dew (Puccinea graminus) was less than
the autumnal form of the uredo or
rust. The teleuto spores, so-caued,
as they are formed late or last in the
life history of the fungus, are the
winter or resting spores of the dis
ease. When these spores are placed
under conditions favorable to germina-
tion they do not grow rapidly as do
the uredo spores; in fact. 1t has been
found practically impossible to make
the teleuto spores grow without q
period OF rest. growth taking place
only In the late winter or early
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

terra was In the proportion shown in
the accompanying diagram, Brushing
the udder and side OF the COW does
rot serve the same purpose, as Il
simply stirs up the dirt and dust and
leaves It floating in position to set
tie readily into the pail. The result
Is an increase OF bacteria in the milk.
as indicated In the diagram.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

production and development of healthy
well-formed seeds.
In examining a growing crop of rust
cd wheat during the present year, the
writer paid especial attention to the
gradual transition from the rusted to
the mildewed stage. Towards the end
of July the plants under observation
were badly rusted, the color of the
spots and pustules on the leaves be-
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

Cherry Trees and Their Blossoms
The Japanese and the Chinese make
more out of the cherry than we do. In
Japan there are varieties that are
grown for their flowers alone. In
cherry blossom time picnics are held
under the cherry trees and verses are
written about the beauties OF nature
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

Natural Weaninc.-I never wean
pigs. When they begin smelling
around the trough at feeding time I
put low trough where they can get
at 1t and the mothers cannot. then
keep in 1t slop of middlings. ground
oats and sweet skimmilk. In six or
seven weeks they forget their mothers
and grow right along.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27
The Lime Kiln. A, Ashpit; q, Flag
- stones for Crate; c, Fire Hole.

For temporary lime kiln excavate
into the side OF bank large enough
tor the size kiln required. At the bot
tom of the kiln there should be an
ash Dit l6 or Is inches deep: on top
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

To Stop Chicken Eating.-To break
a hog of eating chickens put ring In
each ear and to those rings hang az
old boot leg. letting 1t fall down over
the eyes. Then put two OF three
rings In the nose This seldom fails,
but in case OF failure give him ride
on tho cars
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27
NOR BRUcyHLD
HvCPE EAcyE DZZE
10 RRLIc(HZWG.

The moistening of the udder with
A damp cloth or sponge before milk
Ing is one Of the best means of pre-
venting dirt from falling into the
pail In tests that have been made
with milk drawn from cows that have
haa the udder dampened and with
milk drawn under ordinary conditions
the difference In the number OF bac-
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

The Duck Trough.-The ducks
drinking trough should have Stats
nailed across the top four or five In
ches apart to prevent them from get
ting into It with their feet, and max
ing the water filthy.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

TIE Wise Poultryman.-lt is the
wise poultryman who breeds from hj,
best winter layers.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1908-02-27

ment becomes branched and produces
at its apex small spore!iike bodies
known as sporidae. This sporidae In
its turn carries on the disease another
stage. In the life history of the dis
ease, which has manifested, Itself so
differently, both as rust and mildew on
the same plant, we have reached stage
which was for a long time beset with
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-09-23
THE Markets
SAN FRANCISCO MAGNETS.

San Francisco, Sept. 23.-wheat
No. California club, per centa,
s1.C7x 01.7o; California white
milling, s1.75@1.s0; northern
bluestem, 1.72h @1.77h; northern
club, s1.e7h; inferior grades Of
wheat st.5o@1.eo; red s1.e5 a
ITO.
Barley-Feed barley, s1.30 a
1.35; common to fair. s12501.30:
brewing at San Francisco nominal al
s1.45@1.55; Chevalier, $1,000
1.6O. according to quality.
Eggs--Per dozen, California fresh,
including cases, extras, 40c; firsts,
325hc seconds. 26h C; Eastern select
ed 22c; Eastern flrsts Csc; Eastern
seconds, 2Sc; thirds, 21c; storage,
soc.
Butter-Per pound. California
fresh, extras, 31kc; frsts, 27Mc;
seconds, 221 thirds, zoe; Eastern
extras, 27c: packing No. I, 23c; do
No. 2, zoe; storage, California extras.
27c.
New cheese--Per pound, Califor
MIA fats, fancy, 12c; flrsts, 10h ho;
second1, 9Hc; California Young
America, fancy, 12kc; firsts. 12c;
Eastern Oregon fancy, 13c; do
Young America, fancy, 14hc; stor-
age, lac.
Potatoes--Per GENITAL. River whites
(sacks) fancy, S5 a CSC; poor, 501
70c: Salinas Burbanks, $1,000 1.65,
Early Rose, 10 a. S5c; sweet potatoes
TO the trade, sacks, $3.50; crates,
s1.65.
opions-Per sack, Yellow. 500
Csc.
Oranges-Per box, valencias,
$4,000 $50.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-09-23
THE GRAFT
ISSUE IN
FRISCO

San Francisco. Sept. 23.-The So
called graft prosecution" Is again
an issue In the campaign today In
San Francisco, as the result OF the ac-
tion OF the Democrats and Good Gov
ernment League. who endorsed Su-
perior Judge Frank II. Dunno for
recollection last night amid scenes OF
wild enthusiasm. The convention was
In striking contrast 20 the conventions
OF the Republican and Union Labor
party. where Dunne's name was re-
ceived with hi1ses and groans,
Last night the mention OF the name
OF the Judge who had sentenced Ruef
and Schmitz. and who has presided
at most OF the graft trials here.
brought forth n storm OF applause.
and the speaker who placed Dunno
In nomination was interrupted time
and again with applause.
The Good Government League will
secure a place on the ballot by petit
tlon, and the names Of the nominees
at the Democratic convention will be
duplicated on the ballot. The ticket
nominated follows:
For long term. Frank H. Dunno.
Frank s. Britain. Joseph Il. O'Don-
nell and Edward G Morrison; for
short term. George II. Cabaniss
o'Donnell and Cabanlss have been
nominated by the Union labor party.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-09-23
ACCErTs PRESIDENCY
on SAN JOSH COLLEGE

ROstOn. Mas. sept, 23.-Dr VIM,
Gnth. ~ Cambridge, today stated that
he would aee-9' fhe eeN "a the presi
dencv of the University OF the Pacific.
az san Jose. Cal. aFoylding the fos-
nal call OF the trustees OF that lnst,-
tuition does not contain any eondl-
tio"s that he has not hitherto under
stood
The nAstor said that he a only
awaiting the receipts OF the formal Of
Ter from the trustees by mail. Il
want my friends 10 know that l fully
appreciate what the oiter means, anl
10 know my attitude on the matter. ["
said Or. Guth.
The pastor has not yet Informed
his parishoners OF his resignation,
hut has told them OF his Western Of
Ter, and that he would pr0bSbly ae-
cept u,
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-09-23
COTTON KING NOW
WORKS ON SALARY
lIfnifaa nreaa laakad Wiral


New York. Sept 2S.--Danlel J.
Sully. the former cotton king. who
has twice cornercd the market aud
been In absolute control OF the cot
ton situation. Is today working on n
salary. The speculator. whose fall
are To bear the market several
months ago cost him over "A million
dollars. T. employed as salesman
for Arm OF Broad street brokers.
I'm working now" he said today.
mo more speculation for me. I've
quit for good"
Ii Is stated that sully gets over
$4,000 a year for his seryiees. His
knowledge OF the cotton market
makes him an esneclally valuable man
We hae re'irned the presidency Of
the Cerro-Colorado Mining Company.
aud withdrawn from the stock ex-
changes whe~a he hR1 seats. aud an-
parently made good his word TO qui;
speeu'ating.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-09-23

The commonwealth founded by tn
missionaries had become the home
of purer government by the people
themselves and that government
would never be lowered in its moral
tone by the action OF the people rep
resented by this conference
Rev. Gordon read a poem on the
conference written In Father Huckle.
berry style. lie euloglzed Salem as
the mecca OF western Methodism,
and an Informal reception was given
to the visiting ministers.
(Continued on Page 81
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-09-23
OREGON METHODIST
lcontInuea FROM. Page I'D

He put all in good humor by tell
ing good story. He delivered the
nddress OF welcome on behalf of the
ministers OF the city of Salem and OF
Willamette University. lie welcomed
them TO this beautiful and splendid
Capital City. (Applanse.) Here
were found the best people of the
state---thore who lived here and those
who were sent here. daughter }
They were welcomed for what they
stood for The powers OF evil would
not be happier for the stay OF this
conference. They would make n
higher tone felt In this community,
an Influence for better things. They
would leave behind them the blessed
infiGence OF tho Saviour. In the
name OF the Master. as minister OF
the go-pel, and az president of Will
lamette University, he welcomed
them TO the glorious hospitality Of
Salem.
I. II. Van Wrinkle welcomed tho
con -erence on behalf of the laity OF
the church. lie also proved a good
story teller and put his hearers In
good feeling. He knew this great
church would ring with mastery ad-
dresses for the coming sessions.
BirhoD Hughes had not arrived
and Clarence True Wilson was intro
duced. He responded 10 the ad-
dresses OF welcome IN the absence OF
the bishop. lie had some needed and
serious remarks and advice 20 give
the bishop (Laughter) All they
asked was 10 he let alone. Laugh
teri They were glad 10 come after
last years conferences 10 the city OF
peace. (Laughter.) They were glad
TO come TO the city OF churches AM
schools. (Applause.) They hopei
TO leave good impression upon this
community. They appreciated the
hearty addresses OF welcome. The
pastors work meant the building mp
OF Christian character OF the youth
OF our country. This conference was
more important In relation 10 public
policies than the work OF the legis-
lature.
The pastor and evangelist were
two things. The latter had dozen
addresses that he learned by heart,
The pastor had 10 make half dozen
addresses and then show up with
something brilliant az night or lose
his evening audiences. iLaughter)
teN 1ialthtt ilNt Nhhuh lhht
great volume OF applause from the
vast audience by eulogizing Oregon
as the most glorious state In the
union. The nation would copy tho
Oregon primary law aud the Oregon
plan of electlng u. y, senator's. The
people had the right TO nominate all
their own officers and elect them aft
erwards. The people had voted on 2S
measures and they we're delicate and
difheult questions and they had never
made a mistake. They had rejected
All speciosis and iniquitouH amend
ments. II the "yox populi' was not
the "v9N det' then was not the voice
OF God heard IN this world. when
the Heln hness OF the upper river and
the seiighness OF the lower river both
asked for bills restraining the other
fellow, the peOnie had enacted both
and given the fsh ret,
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1908-09-23
Real Estate Transfers.

Anna II. Hershey TO Edna NJ.
Her hev. al OF lot / and west
3 feet lot 2. block 6. Capital
Park Add: also lot II aud
west half lot rs. Capital
Home Add. To Salem: W d s
+. and Geo. Fresher 70 j. w.
and J. III. Byers. lots and 9
Cowles Central Add. to
Woodburn. W q .,.......
o. III. Smith. et ux. To J. w.
Sadler, lots s and 3, block /.
snyders Add, TO Aurorai
q ..sssss ....sr.stts
:, farrar et lx 10 r. NJ. Bull
lard, land In lot 5 block 2S,
oty OF Salem. " d ,......
Anna II. Hershey 10 Alice ].
Co.'S, east half OF block II.
and all of block ~. Capital
Home Add. to Salem. wd