davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
care Of AppIs 1rrees.

Apple trees do best in a fertile clayey
loan or white oak" soil and on a
southeastern slope. Varieties should
be chosen which are known to be
hardy In the locality. Information
may be obtained from the state experi-
ment stations In nearly every state.
The trees should not be planted
closer than twenty-four feet each way.
Dirt should be well packed about their
roots and cultivation practiced for rev
eral years.
Between the trees crops Of potatoes
OF small fruits may be grown. Clean
culture Is essential to prevent infection
by insects and fungous diseases. The
trees should be watched carefully for
borers, which eat in the trunk. These
can be dug out with a knife OF killed
by poking q wire into the aperture.
The trees give best satisfaction when
headed low. so careful pruning is es-
sential. 1t Is well to e that the
trunk is shaded on the southwest by
a healthy limb. which will prevent sun
scald.
When the tree is coming Into bearing
spraying with paris green or bordeaux
mixture is recommended. This should
be done after the blossoms fall, and
again three weeks later This treat
ment kills broods OF the codfing moth.
and keeps fungi in check.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
THE WHEAT.
Binding and Shocking u SO as TO Get
Best Results.

Binding md Shocking. 1t SO as to Get
Best Results.
From the time the wheat stands
waving yellow in the field until 1t is
In the hands Of the miller is an Inn
portant period. The cutting of the
wheat may not be q difficult task. but
much depends on how well the grain
is gathered and bound and shocked.
II the machine does not gather the
grain well, a good deal Of it will be
lost falling down before the sickle or
stringing out from beneath the aprons.
Care should be taken to avoid this.
The binder should also gather the
straw evenly, SO that the bundles may
not look ragged or part be lost in the
shocking. The binder should be shift
ed just right, SO that the bundles may
be bound near the middle. Binding
too close to the butts or heads will
make them inconvenient to handle, as
well as cause the dropping out Of a
part Of the bundles. Z
The shocking Of the wheat is very
important, especially in those sections
where rains and winds are frequent.
The bundles cannot be thrown together
any old way and be expected to stand
the storms 6f wind and rain.
My experience has proved that the
best and strongest shock is made in
the following manner: Place three
pairs Of bundles in a row, then set one
bundle. at each end and three on each
side. The caps should be placed on
lengthwise Of the shock and spread so
they will cover the top Of the shock
and hang down on the sides, protect
ing the heads of the wheat and turn
ing the water like the roof of a house.
For twenty years we built our shocks
in this manner and seldom eve lost
n wheat from winds or rain. 1t was
often necessary to go Owe the field aft
ser a severe windstorm and replace
some of the caps, but seldom did we
have to rebuild a shock.
After the wheat is all cut and shock
ed it is the best plan to have it thrash
ed as soon as it will do. 1t can then
be stored away in a rat proof granary
or hauled direct to market. We be-
lieve it is wise to sell Immediately
after t%hrashing. The higher price fol
which one may hold will not more
than offset the shrinkage and loss in
handling, and sometimes the higher
price is never realized. A person had
better take a few cents less than run
the risk.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
Of Rainfall Over the Earth.

Amount Of Rainfall Over the Earth.
The discussion of observations IN
rainfall made first by Sir John Murray
and later by Bruckner and Fritsche
permits an estimation to be made Of
the mean rainfall on continents, which
is found to be about thirty inches per
year. The rainfall on the ocean is
more difficult to measure, but 1t has
been estimated by Supau, and Fritsche,
taking account of all the known facts,
estimates the mean annual rainfall for
the entire surface Of the earth at about
thirty-six inches. Making use Of this
number, it is easy to calculate that the
total rainfall amounts to AGA million
millions of metric tons per year, 1872
thousand millions of tons per day,
$1,000 millions of tons per hour, $685.
100000 tons per minute or 100000
tons per notwithstanding American.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
Bio TREEs.
The Cloud Piercing sequoias Of North-
ern California.

ern California.
The sequoia in Humboldt is the tall
est tree in the whole United States.
But the tourist from the east or west
knows it not. What would he say to
the information that In the northwest
Of California grows a mighty continu-
GUS forest of these great trees and that
It takes days to travel merely from
end to end of that forest, which Is
longer than the distance from Boston
to New York OF from Chicago to st.
Louis. Yet such is the case.
On the ridges and fats Of Humboldt
Is the forest, and in that forest the
trees grow to twenty-six feet In dame
ter and tower 400 feet toward the sky.
Do you know what those figures mean?
Measure the room in which you are
now sitting. If 1t Is a very large room.
the longest dimensions would just
about contaia one Of these great
trunks. Look out of your window and
see the people more than a city block
away. That is the distance from
which one sees the topmost bough Of
these stupendous giants.
The redwood Of California is the
great tree Of the Pacific coast. Two
thousand acres Of 1t exist in Oregon
along the Chetco river. South Of the
Chetco a continuous redwood belt be-
gins and increases in width from ten
miles at Del Norte county to eighteen
or twenty miles and keeps on I'm
broken to southern Humboldt county.
Here is a gap, but in Mendocino the
belt becomes dense again and widens
out to thlrty-five miles. South Of that
county the tree grows in isolated
patches.-Humboldt Standard.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
WASHINGTON NEWS.

President Roosevelt has announced
"a unmistakable terms the determine
Hon ofsSthe administration to proceed
with the prosecution Of the Standard
OIL case despite the decision adverse
to the government handed down by
the United States circuit court Of APP
peals at Chicago. This decision, the
president thinks, In no way Affects;
The merits Scf the case and he makes
known his scision to cause tho ac-
ton to be brought again before The
courts IN such shape II possible TO pre-.
vent technicalitiess interfering with 8
decision hassl upon tho actual. Issues.
sihyoIysl.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
Simple Method Of Cooking Cabbage.

Simple Method Of Cooking Cabbage.
The simplest and quickest methods
Of cooking cabbage are the best. Cab
bage must be trimmed and well wash
ed in cold, sailed water, then cut into
quarters and tied together again with
a string before going into the sauce
pan, because the heart is more tender
than the outside and uniform softness
Is desired. Have plenty Of boiling
water with a heaping tablespoonful Of
salt to the half gallon Of water. Let
It be boiling when the cabbage is put
in and cook It with the lid of, and IL
It be fresh It will keep a good, color.
The time depends more upon the age
than the size-from twenty to forty
minutes.-Delineator.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
BEES AND HONEY.
The Way They Gather Their Harvest
From the Flowers.

From the
Bees gather honey from the nectar
vessels of flowers and plants. The
sugar, starch, albumen, ETC., are a r
ried up by the sap to the seed bear
ing pods. To a marked extent nature
is assisted by the natural law Of heat
and cold to produce a sweating or con-
densation Of moisture, which we call
dew. This takes place in the CO
rolla Of the flower, making it more
easy for the plant to deposit its over
flow Of sugar, starch, albumen. etc.
in the dew already in the flower.
This sweet nectar is carried up by
the sap and discharged in the dew
through the pores Of the plant. When
the sun rises evaporation takes place,
and the result is a tiny drop of nee
tar in the cup Of the flower. The bee
goes to the flower and with its long
silken tongue sips up this drop of
nectar and deposits it into its honey
sack back of the throat.
The bee is provided with a stomach
for its physical well being back of
this storage stomach, and all the hon
ey that goes to this stomach is used
for the life or physical demands Of
the bee. When the bee has its stor-
age tank full Of nectar 1t straight
way flies to the hive and exudes 1t
into the cell. The bee is endowed
with the power Of exuding a natural
.ly as in taking, SO there is nothing
wonderful about 1t except the natural
curiousness Of the matter.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
POLITICAL NEWS.

William ]. Bryan again occupied
himself with the subject Of campaign
contributions and issued a statement
appealing to the Democratic newspa
pers Of the country to begin the col
lection Of a fund from their subscrib
ers. He believes that this year the
Democrats will receive a larger cam
paign fund than ever before and that
the money necessary will come from
the masses.
The Wisconsin Democratic state
convention adjourned after adopting q
platform, no nominations for stats
officers being made. Candidates who
wish to seek nominations at the pri.
maries were urged to place theil
names in the hands Of the state chair.
man, who will circulate the necessary
papers that will insure their names
being placed on the election ballot. 4
Colonel H. G. Catrow, Republican
candidate for congress from the Third
Ohio district, has announced his with
drawal from the race. Colonel Catrow
is prompted to take this step because
of his having struck Eugene Sullivan,
a laborer, on the streets at Dayton,
instantly killing him, with his automo'
bile.
The Pennsylvania Democratic state
committee reelected State Chairman
George M. Dimeling of Clearfeld with
out opposition and adopted resolutions
endorsing Bryan and Kern and de
nouncing the action of the Denver
convention in %unseating the eight
Philadelphia delegates.
The organization Of negro Demo
cratic clubs in the. state of Indiana.
Illinois and Ohio formed the subject
of a conversation between w. J. Bry.
an and Don Farnsworth of Chicago.
who was the manager for Charles A,
Towne in his candidacy for the vice
presidency.
Representative Henry c. Louden
slayer of New Jersey will be tha
chairman of the Republican congress
sional campaign committee to succeed
James S. Sherman, candidate for vice
president.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31

c-oNvEN1ENT CRATES.

CONVENIENT A
berries select a deepy clay loan. but
make 1t only moderately rich with sta
BILE manure for raspberries. as tho
canes are less hardy in very rich soil.
The marketing Of small fruit may
be greatly facilitated by having a num-
Der Of basket crates. "A plan for such
c~ontainer is shown herewith. It's d.
mensions are SO arranged that three
Of the crates can be made to occupy
the. space Of two when It is desired to
store them. The dotted lines indicate
how the two crates may be arranged
opening to opening s o as 70 contain the
third. The dimensions Of the crate!
are shown on the top crate. the same
being sixteen and one-eighth inches,
long, thirteen and one-eighth inches
wide and twelve and one-eighth inches!
high. with two end cieats which makes
the capacity equal TO ~ bushel. By'
turning the paper to the right Z batter
Siewsof the crateimay ~ had.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
NEWS OF. NOTED PERSONS

Pleading for popular support for a
'irst class fighting navy" a navy
capable Of seeking out the enemy and
'hammering him into the quits" Pres
ident Roosevelt was the central figure
at Newport, r. l., in the most notable
conference of American naval officers
ever called together to consult and
discuss in a broad, general way the
future United States ~battleships.
President Gompers, Secretary Nor
rison and John Mitchell of the execu-
tive council Of the American Fedora
ton of Labor have been cited to an
swer at Washington on Sept. 8 next a
charge of contempt in violating a
court injunction forbidding them from
continuing a boycott against the Buck
Stove and Range company.
William j. Bryan has retired from
active work on the Commoner and will
not personally be responsible for mat
ter appearing in it during the present
campaign. All profits above actual ex-
penses will be turned over to the Dem
ocratic national committee.
Melvin w. Sheppard of the Irish
American Athletic club Of New York
city finished far In the lead in the
80O-metre event in the international
athletic contests at London, establish
ing a new Olympic record Of 1929
for the distance.
Judge William H. Taft assisted in
opening Of court and In the dedication
Of the courthouse at Germantown. Va,
i've miles from Hot Springs. The
subject Of his speech was the admins.
tration of justice by the courts.
William F. Villas, former United
States senator from Wisconsin and
member Of President Cleyeland's cab
met, suffered q hemorrhage Of the
brain and his condition is said to be
serious.
Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Stetson, widow
Of the late millionaire hat manufac-
3turer, John F. stetson. was married at
Philadelphia to Count Santa Eulalia
OF Portugal.
William H. Taft has been made an
honorary member Of the International
Society Of Steam Shovel Men.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31

about one foot apart in the row. Save
only the largest and best anes The
width of the rows may be two feet,
with a space Of four feet between
them. Keep the ground clean with
cultivator and hoe and the soil stirred
about the plants.
Keep In mind the tree form when
pruning. Pinch OF the top when the
cane is about four feet high. The lat
erals will then grow, and you will have
a bush something like a tree pruned to
vase form. The laterals should be cut
back to one or two feet in length, and
the new growth will then make a bush
Of sufficient size to make a large crop.
Tender varieties that must be laid
down in winter should not be so
pruned. Blackcap raspberries and
blackberries require more room be-
tween the plants In the row than red
raspberries.
Cultivate. IL possible, until July, then
place a heavy mulch Of strawy manure
between the rows to retain the mois-
ture and furnish plant food. Set posts
four or five feet high. Nail two pieces
Of board about two feet long and four
inches wide horizontally on the posts,
one at the top and one about three
feet from the ground. Nail smooth
fence wire to the ends Of these boards
or arms to support the
The plan described for raspberries
and blackberries may be best adapted
to general culture, but there is another
by which the finest dessert fruit may
be grown. Set the plants about seven
feet apart each way. allow only three
or four canes to grow in a hill, set
three posts around these in the form
of a triangle and nail some wire around
them for a support. Make the soil rich
and cultivate both ways with a cult
vator. In May Of each year keep back
all Of the new canes except three or
four Of the strongest for next years
fruiting. Give clean cultivation until
July, then mulch between the rows.
II you wish to set a new patch Of these
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
CRIMINAL NEWS.

William Hill, a barber at the Sol
diers' home at Milwaukee, killed him.
self after he had killed Mrs. Kimbell,
said to have been his wife. though
known under the name of a former
husband, and Joe Bittner, who was
instantly killed as he tried to escape
from a fusillade Of bullets fired at
another man. An unknown Austrian
also was fatally wounded by q stray
shot.
Drawn back to the scene of his
crime by a force he could not resist
August Eberhard. self-confessed muir.
derer Of his aunt, Mrs. Ottillie Eber.
hard, q Viennese widow whom he
lured to q lonely spot in New Jersey
a few days ago and shot to death, was
captured ear Paterson, N. j., and is
now a prisoner in the Hackensack Jail.
In view of more than che hundred
people in the ballroom Of the Fort
Lowry hotel at Bath Beach, l.. l.,
John Hanna, thirty years old, shot six.
teen-year-old Augusta Wall, with
whom he was in love, and Ralph
MANI, twenty years old, with whom
she was dancing. Manz may die, but
the girl will recover.
Eleven persons were shot, three OF
them probably fatally, by two despera.
does who. on being pursued by police
men and a crowd Of citizens, fed fol
two miles through a thickly settled
district of Jamaica Plain, a suburb Of
Boston, firing madly right and left. A
posse pursued the bandits, killing one
the other escaping.
D%espondent because of i'll health
and fear of the fate which might
await her two little children if they
were left alone to face the world, Mrs.
Gussie benson of New York city
sought peace for all beneath the wa.
tiers of the East river.
r. Gardner, a deputy marshal, was
miners were more or less seriously
shot as the result of an attack on a
train bearing strikebreakers to take
the place of striking union miners at
Jefferson, Ala.
A clash be-ween deputies and negro
miners in the Blue Creek region,
twenty miles south of Birmingham,
Ala, resulted in one negro being shot
and killed and two deputies, Newsom
and Whatley, being seriously wound
ed.
The federal grand jury at Chicago
has returned indictments against
t~wenty-nine mail order houses, whose
Illegal profits are alleged to have been
between 4 1000, 900 and $5,G00.OO0, for
using the mails to defraud.
At Port Edwards, Wis, Daniel
Lynch shot and killed Richard Nom
menson, shot and seriously wounded
| Miss Anna Sorenson and then tried to
kill himself. Jealousy was the cause
of the tragedy.
At Newark, N. j., Mrs. Dousette,
twenty-six years old, drowned her
twin daughters, eleven days old, in a
tub of water and then caused her own
death by asphyxiation.
David Connelli, chef at the Airing
ton club in Portland, Ore, shot tc
death Mrs. Dolly Sharp and a male
companion and then killed himself.
A package containing $1,000 has dis
appeared from the Des Moines Office
of the Adams Express company.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
THE MIGHTY LION.
1t Is Easy Enough to Scare Him If
You Know Just How.

You Know Just How.
If a lion OF a tiger suddenly appears
before you, just hold a chair out IN
front OF him, and he won't do a thing.
Allen Williams, who, in the course OF
his experience with wild animals has
been in that ~predicament often enough
to know, says: "These creatures have
q much more limited intelligence than
is generally supposed. They can take
in only one thing at a time. and the
four legs of a chair would keep any
lion busy thinking for a long time.
'That is the reason why animal
trainers carry two whips when they
ure in the circus ring. One for crack
ing and awning the performers, the 9th
err for emergencies. If one of the lions
tries to attack him the trainer simply
holds the reserve whip in front Of him.
The two objects together are too much
for the lions intelligence, and he is i'm
mediately subdued."
Another proof of the limited intelli-
gence of the cat tribe, say trainers. is
the fact that their performances must
always come in the same order Of sue
cession. If by some accident the order
is broken, the animals are completely
lost, and the trainers are few who can
keep them in submission once they be-
come confused. In fact, most trainers
consider themselves lucky in q case OF
this sort If they can get the lions
quietly back into their cages.
The whole cat family, moreover, is
as treacherous as it is stupid.-Milwau-
kee Sentinel. ,s,rs-a9FsFFsv ls1'' ssg5I ~. y
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
Fatal Accident on warship.

Newport, r. l., July 23.-Joseph J..
Henry, an ordinary seaman and pow
der passer on board the new battle
ship Mississippi, was killed during a
gun drill in one of the forward eight
inch turrets. His neckerchief caught
in the training cogs of one of the guns
and Henry was drawn into the ma
chinery and his neck was broken.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
a Crab Habit.

Catch a fresh crab, mash the end Of
II Of its claws and watch with what
fierce wrath 1t will tear of the mutt
lated member. Is It pride that causes
him to do this bit Of surgical work, or
is he afraid Of blood poisoning, or is II
because the MANNED claw might OF.
struct his speed or entangle him in the
submarine botany? The crab is an in
teresting creature and, like his big
cousin, the lobster, is as scrappy as a
game bantam, often losing a limb In a
scume.-Exchange.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
Duluth Wheat and Flax.

Duluth, July 2s.-wheat-To arrive
and on track-No. 1 hard, $1.18; No.
i Northern. SLY; No. 2 Northern,
NIB; July, $1.13h; Sept, 9Shc. Flax
To arrive, on track and July, ST.
23h; Sept, $1.22; Oct, $1.21; Nov.
$3.50; Dec, $1.1Sh.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
Killing sumac.

For killing out sumo. q ccTla:spoads
ent recommends q flock of sheep. First
NOW the sumac. then tIln in the sheep,
Sumac may be DESTROYED by persistent
cutting after Towering season md he;
fore It sets berries. but sheep N,llss,ia
the work at less trouble and expense
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Minneapolis Wheat.

Minneapolis, July 23.-Wheat-July.
$1.l4; Sept, 9shc; Dec. 95h @95Ac.
On track-No. 1 hard, s1.18; No. 1
Northern, $1.14; No. 2 Northern, 81
liz @1.12; No. 3 Northern, $1.07M@
1.O9h.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
His Society.

The west side woman observed an
old darky in violent alteration with
the driver Of a cart
what Is the matter?' she asked.
II done tell Inn he cayn't 'buse dat
hawse." said uncle excitedly, IAN he
say 1t none o. my business an I done
tell I'm Use a membeh oh de human
bein' society."-New York Press.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
Eoreina Effect.

Fresh manure has q forcing effect
and tends to produce stems and leaves
ut the expense Of fruit fnd grain. II is
therefore better for early garden truck,
grasses and forage plants than foi
cereals or fruit.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31
81. Paul Union stock Yards.

st. Paul, July 23.-Cattle-Good to
choice steers, $6.00@6.75: fair to good,
$5.Oo@5.75; good to choice cows and
heifers, $4.00@5.O0; veals, $3.75@5.00.
Hogs-$6. 5@6.50. Sheep-Wethers,
$4.OO@4.35; yearlings, $4.25@4.75;
spring lambs, $3.OO@6.26.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31

Ambition - like love-impatdsnt bod
q delays and riya1s-Denham
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1908-07-31

yill stand at AM ayerage distance g
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1908-06-25
20 Wives Were Too Many.

Chicago, June PA bigamist
rivaling Johann Hoch, or Harry
Bates, the police say, came to grief,
when Lucien Pickett, in the Criminal
Court, pleaded guilty to charge OF
bigsmy and was sentenced to the
Penitentlary for an sndsterminate
period.
Pickett is believed TO have as many
as twenty wives 10 different parts OF
the country. Is Was shown that bis
business had been to marry women
for their money aud when he obtain.
ed 1t he left the victim and sought
another. Apparently he found II re-
munerative until he married Lulu
Emerich Robinson, a pretty young
woman, whose home is In New York.
She was present In court so assist In
sending the young man TO prison.
He had represented himself as
wealthy mine owner, OF Springfield,
Mo. Investigation led so she discov'
cry that he had no other business
than that OF marrying women.