davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
AN UNJUST DISCRIMINATION.
Secretary Good Roads League Thinks
Farmers Taxed Too Much.

In the early days Of the republic be.
fore the time of railways there was
little travel and less shipping, says H.
H. Gross, secretary of the Good Roads
league. 1t was the days Of the home.
spun"-when business was barter and
exchange between neighbors. Then the
public roads were purely local mat.
ter. Now over these roads produce
starts on journey anywhere from 100
to 10000 miles distant. They are part
of a worldwide system of distribution.
Their condition makes them a matter
of state and national Importance.
Good roads mean increased profit to
the farmer, better schools, higher land
values, better trade for the country
merchant, the wholesaler and manu-
facturer, a higher standard of living,
Increased prosperity and better citi
zens.
The way to build good roads is by
state aid. Tax all property in the
state and not as now in most states
put the whole load on farm property.
The roads are public property.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
MOVING LARGE TREES.
Man with Experience Tells How II
Can Be Done.

I consider nursery grown trees the
best for transplanting because their
roots are more fitted for that purpose,
and apply this to the elm as well as
all other trees. However, natural
trees may be readily fitted for trans
planting so as to even make their sue
cess certainty, but it is only econom-
ical on large trees, say from three
inches to one foot in diameter. For
example, If in our judgment we find it
necessary to take a ball of dirt about
five feet in diameter and 18 to "a
inches in depth, along with certain
tree in transplanting, we may any
time between leaf dropping in the fall
and starting in the spring dig a
trench around this tree about six
inches smaller all around and fill in
again after all the detached roots have
been cut smoothly with a knife from
the bottom up and the tops previously
shortened as above. These smoothly
cut roots soon send out mass of root
let's, clinging tightly to the soil that
We had packed into the trench again,
and in the coming transplanting sea-
son between fall and spring we again
dig around this tree, leaving the ball
as in our first judgment, and plant it
only few inches deeper in it's new
place. Such trees may safely be
moved during fall and winter when
time is not always as valuable as in
the spring, while small trees should
only be planted in the spring, which
is and will remain the best time for
all planting-Albert Duebendorfer.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
DAIRY DOTS.

The separator has been the saliva
ton of many a western farmer.
There is no use in kicking about the
separator. Get out and show your
patrons how to take care of it. and
there will be no trouble.
1t oughtn't to make any difference
whether the milk is separated upon
the farm or at the creamery if the sep
arator is taken care of.
The separator is one of the greatest
inventions of the day. 1t makes dairy
ing possible in the west where farms
are too large to make the creamery
advisable.
A dairyman cannot meet with the
highest measure of success until he
learns to pick out the cow that is
built for giving milk and the one that
is built for making beef.
A COW may be comparative failure
one year and success another. Some
Of them have their ..'off seasons" and
it is not safe to condemn a cow on one
years record, providing she is built for
giving milk.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
THE RoTTINe OF APPLES.
Six Principal Kinds Of Disease Which
Attack the Fruit.

There are six principal kinds of
rots that attack apples, and perhaps
there are minor ones. These six are
the bitter rot, black rot, blue mold,
brown rot, pink rot and one that has
no English name, but is known only
by its scientific name, Alternaria.
Blue mold seems to be able to grow
at lower temperature than any of
the other molds. Some apples were
inoculated with the spores of all these
molds and rots and placed in cold
storage at just below freezing, 81 de-
grees. At the end of nine weeks the
blue mold had spread in all the ap-
pies in which it had been pricked,
while none of the other molds had de-
veloped at all.
This is interesting, as showing what
we may expect from fruit kept in cold
storage. Its keeping depends largely
on whether or not the blue mold has
obtained foothold on the fruit.
On the other hand when the apples
that had been inoculated with the
other rots were taken into a living
room where the temperature was at
70 degrees, a normal temperature for
human beings, all the different molds
and rots developed with great rapidity.
In two weeks all of the fruits were
half or wholly rotten.
The lesson to be drawn from this,
says Farmers Review, is that the
grower of apples must know some
thing about the different kinds of rot
so that he can tell when his fruit is
affected. Such affected fruit must be
dealt with according to it's exposure.
If it has become affected with blue
mold germs 1t must be put to some
Immediate use rather than be put into
cold storage.
Molds and rots are produced by
vegetable organisms that are like
plants in that some will grow in one
temperature and some in another.
However, all of the molds and rots
that affect apples will grow at above
As degrees. Therefore in the ordinary
cellar it is impossible to keep fruit
that has been exposed to any of these
rots.
The germs of the various diseases
are not killed by low temperature;
they are only reduced to a quiescent
state. Therefore when apples that
have become inoculated by the forms
other than blue mold come out of the
storage house they begin to develop
these rots very rapidly, and the peo.
pie imagine that the cold storage ex.
perience has the power of making
fruit rot more quickly than it other.
wise would. We have probably no
good reason for believing this.
The least aggressive rot seems to
be the pink rot; and apples that have
been affected with pink rot before
storage will frequently be fit to sell
two or three weeks after the apples
come out of cold storage.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
BOXES VS.. BARRELS FOR APPLES.
Choice of the Package Depends Upon
the Demands of the Market.

Some time ago when George T. Tip
pin, secretary of the Missouri State
Horticultural society was asked
which he considered preferable, boxes
or barrels, for packing apples, he re-
piled that whether boxes or barrels
were used depended upon the demand
of the particular market. He says:
During the past few years the box
is forcing itself into new markets each
year. The labor question is against
the box. 1t takes more labor and bet
ter skilled labor than for the barrel.
l am in favor of boxes. Paekers can
not counterfeit the packages as they
can in the barrel, and this will bring
the box into favor. Would like to see
the box used for the general pack
age The disposition of people is to
buy in the original package. More is
involved in the package than often
thought. The fact of the latter ques-
tion is serious one, and the lumber
question is serious one, and it is
hard to tell what the outcome will be.
The standard box is % inches by
lhx111k. When properly packed it
weighs bushel Three bushel boxes
run one to three pounds more than Q
barrel in weight.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
STEMLESS LOCO WEED.
Prof. L. n. Pammel of the Iowa Agri.
cuItGraI College Describes the Plant.


In many parts of the west this is a
very abundant plant. l recently
passed through several fields of this
in the foothills of the Rockies north
of Denver. The meadows were purple
with it's blossoms. It is known to
botanists as Oxytropis lambertii. Stem
less loco weed grows from six inches
to one foot high, and occurs in tufts,
with numerous short stems from a
hard and thick root stock. The plant
produces numerous small leaflets. The
root is covered with small scales. The
leaves are silky, with silvery hair.
The flowers are borne in spikes one
or two or even six inches long, gen.
orally densely flowered. The flowers
are large, resembling those of the rat
tlebox or rattleweed, often an inch
long, purple or even whitish. The
plant belongs to the same family as
clover and beans do.
l went over range where a man
allowed his cattle and horses to pas
ture, but the weed evidently did not
cause him any trouble, and yet the
evidence in many places is too strong
to say that the plant is not injurious.
Recent investigations made by the
department of agriculture seem to
show beyond doubt that some of these
loco weeds are poisonous only when
growing on certain kinds Of soil; that
the poisoning Is due to the presence OF
injurious mineral constituents found
IN the plant.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
HAND PICKED.

The amateur pear planter should
stick to the tried varieties.
Asparagus culture has been revolu-
tionized Gardeners now SOW the seed
in rows in rich, well prepared land
and cultivate it like other garden
crops.
The export Of fruit offers much to
be hoped for in the future; as the
foreign markets are often willing to
pay a very high price for American
fruits.
The soil of the orchard needs man
agement just as surely as does the
soil of the field in which vegetables
are growing. 1t needs to be kept sup
piled with the elements of plant food.
To promote the early development
Of vegetables, prepare the ground a
year ahead If possible and keep on
preparing it till the soil is full of
plant food and decaying vegetable
matter.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
PAsTEuR.ZlNG CREAM.
Views Of L. II. FIageI, Successful
Butter-Maker of the Northwest.

The pastuerization question has
great many things to it that the but
ter-maker won't realize until he has
used one for awhile. / am satisfied
to say that after butter-maker has
used it for awhile, and used it right,
he would not be without one in
hand separator creamery, at least dur.
ing the winter when the cream Is de-
livered only twice week or In the
spring, when the cows get out in the
grass and get hold of some weeds that
will cause bad flavor in the butter.
To take an entirely spoiled cream
and expect the pasteurizer to put it in
condition so it will make an all
around good piece of butter is expect
ing too much, although it will do such
cream great deal of good.
Also, sour cream cannot be pas
teurized as satisfactorily as sweet
cream. You have got to be very care
full while pasteurizing sour cream and
not get it too hot or else it will give
the butter a gritty. or mealy taste like
as though there was flour in it. One
hundred and fifty degrees is high
enough for sour cream, while sweet
cream can be heated up to ITO or even
higher before it gets that mealy taste.
If l could get the cream delivered
perfectly sweet and free from bad
flavors, do not think l would bother
with a pasteurizer, although it would
improve the keeping quality, but we
in the hand separator creameries will
find cream every day that can be i'm
proved by pasteurizing and keep it
from spelling the whole lot.
Pasteurizing takes out most OF the
bad flavors in the cream that come
from the feed or tanks that are not
caused by germs. The germs that
cause the bad flavor in the cream
cannot be taken out, but their growth
can be checked so that when you add
good starter to your cream directly
after pasteurizing and let it stand
at 70 degrees for few hours 1T will
develop acidity enough so that you
can cool it down to churning tempera-
ture and get it made into butter before
the undesirable germs can renew
their growth, and as butter is not a
suitable germ food, it can then stand
a long time at medium tempera-
ture before it will go off in flavor
whereas the butter made from raw
cream with it's undesirable germs in
full growth will go off in flavor much
faster
The extra expense in pasteurizing,
besides the fixtures, can be made so
1t will be very small in the first place.
You can put on pulleys so the engine
don't have to more than merely move
to give the pasteurizer and pumps
full speed, and coming right down to
saving points, you can catch the con-
densed steam that comes from the
pasteurizer after heating the cream
and use it for cleaning up. 1t is as
good as soft water and almost boiling
hot, or if you can't use it yourself,
perhaps you can sell it to some wash
woman or laundry during the dry
time of the season when rain water is
scarce article.
1t makes some extra work to pas.
teurize, but we must put up with that
if we see a chance to improve the
quality Of our butter.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27

ent wall, and using the present wall
open for the door,"
The suggestions made by R. G.
Angevine in effort to help this farmer
will prove instructive and helpful to
those who have similar problems to
solve. He says:
Il would advise breaking into old
wall a few inches at places where new
wall joins, so as to get little fresh
hold to make a tighter job. One could
go down a few feet if needed, pro-
vided that old wall also goes down the
distance required. The silage will
keep perfectly in the wall part pro-
vided the wall is smooth and not full
of bumps and holes like all the stone
wall have ever seen in silos. They
will spoil silage every time. My ex-
perience teaches me that there is gen.
orally bad streak of spoiled silage
where a wooden siio joins wall, and
while it need not be bad l do not like
to see spoiled silage, and cannot rec
ommend such a plan of construction.
l would build silos for my own use Of
no other material than concrete, and
below is what 1 really advise in this
silo:
dig down required depth and also
make trench extra wide at very bot
tom, say "a to 80 inches. Carry up a
good heavy foundation couple of
feet, keeping inside line of wall
straight and even with desired size Of
silo. Join into old wall by breaking
out some of old wall and also carry
wall right on over old wall about four
or five inches thick, until top of old
wall is reached New wall need be
only six inches thick above the heavy
foundation mentioned. When top Of
old wall is reached go on up all the
way with six-inch concrete wall. In
this wall should put reinforcing iron
as follows: A one-quarter-inch steel
rod around silo in concrete about once
each foot of height. This may be any
other sort of reinforcing. 1t need not
be welded together; Just little loop
at each end of each piece, and ends
Tapped by one another. Across over
doors and such places would put in
more iron, enough so that felt that
it was strong. Forms could be made
as shown in cut. Wire could be used
in place of bolts to hold forms in
place and cut off each time to loosen
form. Forms to be of two-inch plank,
any width handy. This figure can be
drawn out on a barn floor and form
plank cut to fit it and then numbered
and set up on job. Bolts across wall
through planks are used to hold them
together at bottom and bolts can be
also used at tops, but piece of board
could be also tackled across and re-
moved each time it was desired to
raise form, which could be done each
day. Door opening 26x30 inches and
door to fit into it set in notches in
concrete. l would recommend about
two feet of concrete between each two
doors we'll reinforced. Concrete to be
mixed one part sand to six parts good
sharp gravel, and after all done finish
by brushing over with cement white
wash"
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
as,ROADD AZ 81
11NPR0!KE(ffS{ff %
IS YOUR ROAD DRAG IN USE?
II Not, Certain It Is That Your Roads
Are Not in Good Condition.

Three years ago we induced the
Northwestern railroad to employ Mr..
D. Ward King and spend three weeks
In going from county seat to county
seat in the muddiest part Of their
muddy territory persuading farmers
to make road drags and use them for
the purpose of having better roads to
these towns. A great deal of enthusi-
asm was aroused, and wherever the
road drag was used as directed there
was wonderful Improvement in the
country roads. In some sections this
improvement has been continuously
maintained. In other sections the
zeal of the farmer has slackened and
the roads, while not as bad as before,
are yet far from being what they
should and could be.
Are you living in one of these sec
tions? Did you make road drag and
use it, and tell your neighbor of the
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
EARLY FLOWING.
II IL Most Effective Method Of De-
stroying Weeds.

1t has been demonstrated again and
again that early plowing is a most
effective means of destroying weeds,
especially the perennials which are
propagated from roots that winter in
the soil rather than from seeds. The
wild artichoke has taken possession
of many 1elds during the summer
where small grains were sowed last
spring. This is due to the fact that
water has covered these low lands for
days, or even weeks, in some locali-
ties, which drowned or rather smoth-
cred, the grain and the artichokes
prospered under the conditions that
prevailed. The wild morning glory
and binder weed are on the increase
in many localities. These are serious
pests on rich soils that are subject to
overflow, or standing water during the
growing season. A cultivated crop will
control these weed pests, but on &C
count of wet weather it has been al
most impossible to grow corn on low,
poorly drained lands during the past
few years.
The progressive farmer will make
special effort to plow his fields
where weeds, such as we have men-
toned, are at home, just as soon as
the crop is taken from the land, says
the Northwestern Agriculturist. If
necessary NOW and burn the weeds,
however, chain or wire attached to
the plow beam and allowed to drag in
the furrow will hold the growth down
until it is all covered with earth from
the plow. Many of the plows are now
provided with attachments for this
purpose.
Don't allow the tops of the weeds
to remain uncovered, because they
will continue to grow and ripen their
roots for winter. The special advan-
tage gained from early plowing Is that
of destroying the growth Of the top
before the roots, or tubers, are ma
tured sufficiently to carry them
through the winter. The wild arti-
choke is quite effectually destroyed
where the land is plowed in August or
early in September. The tubers do
not mature until after the blossoms
fall. The stockman who is so fortu-
nate as to have his fields fenced with
wire that will confine his pigs on the
land after it is plowed, will find them
industrious helpers in roofing out the
succulent tubers and dubious growths
for food. They will go for them like
hungry pigs for corn. In the event of
dry weather quack grass is seriously
injured and may be killed by early
fall blowing. The furrow should be
thin and so turned that it will lie
roughly in which position the air will
soon destroy the growth of both root
and branch. An occasional use of the
spring tooth harrow, when the soil is
very dry will aid in killing quack grass
roots.
We are of the opinion that it will
pay to SOW pound or two of dwarf
Essex rape seed per acre on the
early plowed fields for soil protection.
The live roots of the growing plants
will appreciate available plant food
as it is liberated and the shade of the
leaves will also keep the soil from
washing and blowing. Plow the
weedy grain fields just as early as
possible this fall, and note the advan-
tage thus gained next year. Do it
now.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
TffHEl]gAiW[
:'|A|6fEzzz.
EIeHT-sIDED sILo.
Problem of One Farmer and Sugges.
tions That May Help Others.

A farmer correspondent of the Rural
New Yorker anxious to build a silo
IN part of his barn states the condi-
tions as follows:
Il have basement barn upon an
eight-foot wall, which is 18 inches
thick at the top and 20 inches at the
bottom. The roof is arranged so that
[ can build about 26 feet above the
present wall. In one corner is q
space about 12x16 where l shall build.
l would like to build an eight-sided
silo in this space, making each corner
side about three feet, building a wall
upon five sides to height of the pres
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
Buos In Melons,

The bugs that infest melons and
squashes are merciless horde. II
is tedious to kill them by hand and
poisoning them is very unsatisfac-
tory. Get lot Of empty strawberry
boxes, tack gauze over them and in
vert one over each fair-sized melon /;
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
Good Dairyinu.

Good dairying includes good cows,
good pasture in summer and good
feed in winter, good shade in summer
and good shelter in winter, good wa
ter and good care all the year round,
and good machinery to run the sep
arator, the churn, etc. If the farmer
has good eyesight he can easily see
the good points of the above declara-
ton
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
Picker for High Fruit.

accompanying illustration, without
bruises, says the Prairie Farmer.
sew to it small bag. Attach the
wire to long pole. This will enable
you to pull fruit from the top of a
tree without injuring it.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
Why Cream Does Not Rise.

there may be two reasons for 1t.
First, the milk being produced in the
last of the period lactation, and, sec
ond, improper feeding. 1t takes longer
for cream to rise upon milk of the
COW who has been giving milk q long
time.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
PICKING a Bull.

A majority of our farmers-even
those who are in favor of the pro-
nounced dairy type-choose big.
blocky sire. The bull should be Of
the same type as the cows whether
one is in the beef business or the
dairy business.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
SIMPLE EXTENSION LADDER.
How Part of an Old Ladder Can Be
Utilized.

I made a ladder extension by saw
ing off seven feet from an old ladder
and removing three of the rungs as
shown in the cut, explains writer in
Farm and Home. Then place it on
the outside of the ladder to be length
ened, bore two holes through each
side piece, put bolt in each hole and
the ladder is four feet longer. After
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
Sow More Radishea.

You can keep on sowing radishes
until late in the season. AS fast as
one bed is emptied fix it up and plant
more there; or, better yet, exchange
the next batch of radishes with some
other similar crop and there'll be
more plant food for them in the new
soil.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27

Examine the young stock out in
the pasture and see whether there
are any injuries that need attention.
It's easy to neglect them when they
don't come up for the night.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
Gate for Wire Fence.

fence gate without the use of braces
No description is required save per-
haps that the wire at the top of the
posts is twisted tight and held to the
posts with staples. ;.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
PICKING HIGH FRUIT.
Bag Which Will Keep Fruit from Be-
ing Bruised. -.s

Peaches, pears, apples, etc., out Of
cred by using the device shown in the
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
GATE FOR A WIRE FENCE.
How 1t Can Be Made Without the Use
of Braces.

The accompanying illustration, re-
produced from the Prairie Farmer,
shows a method of making a wire
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
\ u q
Handy Extension to the Ladder.

using it can be changed to original
size much quicker than if tied with
ropes and it's safer. The top ends of
the ladder should be cut out to receive
the lower rung of the extension.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27
A SIMPLE STANcHloN LOCK.
The Picture viii Show You How It
Is Made.

The block shown at A in the accom-
panying illustration, reproduced from
The Sauk Centre herald., 1908-08-27

and will drop into the notch at G thus
locking the stanchion securely.
CanÌƒon City record. [volume] (CanÌƒon City, Colo.) 1883-192?, 1908-05-21
TrNut SRpnlic>.

Fishing tackle dealers this year
have good assortment with which to
tempt the elusive trout. Indications
at this time are that fishing will not
be very good during the first few days
of the season which opens two weeks
from today. The water in most all
the nearby streams is low, too low in
fact to catch the bigger fish. In spite
OF the water conditions many fisher
men are preparing to be on the ground
on the first day to try their luck.
With two or three good rainstorms in
the meantime, however. the streams
will be high enough to AFFORD excel
lent sport