davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Blue-grass blade., 1908-04-26
An Array Of elaborated Facts and Figures
on an Interesting Subject-From an
Address Before the Pierce
High School.
(By Charles o. Hays).

10y CndrieS w. Nays.
This question has been debated since the
earliest time when Mars was recognized as
a planet and even at this day and among
the most advanced scientists, opinions are
Numerically opposed.
In this paper propose to discuss the
subject from standpoint entirely different
from any hitherto advanced to consider it
in the light of facts well known to every
astronomer but which have been overlooked
by all.
propose to show, by reasoning that shall
withstand every criticism and every scien
tific test, that, in all probability, Mars is
inhabited by beings of large degree of in
ages incalculable; that it's denser popua-
ton and perhaps the greatest height of
intelligence attained by dominant race
may belong to the past; that it may still
furnish pleasure and pain for many differ
ent kinds of creatures, that it is not a
dead and frozen world, as many suppose,
but that, on the contrary, 1t is. therefore,
even better prepared to support life, if
temperature alone be considered, than is
Ola MOtneT EdTIn, anu IuTtneT, propose 10
show that these two, earth and Mars are
the only planets in our system whereon
life of any kind can possibly exist.
To this end, let us enumerate few well
known facts. Mars is about fifty millions
of miles farther from the sun than is the
Earth. It is a much smaller planet, being
but little more than half the diameter OF
the earth and about one ninth of its mass
It's density is less and the gravity at its
surface is but two fifths OF these the
last named is the most important and the
most far reaching in it's influence and eff
fects, but it is also the one which has re-
ceived the smallest measure of considera-
ton, in fact, has been almost entirely over
looked or ignored and it is, therefore, upon
this feature, this difference in surface
gravitation that I shall chiefly base my
suppositions.
A difference of gravity certainly means
many things besides a mere difference in
weight of given object, though this is Of
great Importance. A hundred pounds of mat
ter on the earth would weigh but thirty nine
pounds on the surface of Mars. This is
about two fifths. A man a hundred and
fifty pounds, IL transported to Mars would
weigh but sixty pounds. and the athlete
Blue-grass blade., 1908-04-26
BLUE GRASS BLADE.
Is Mars Inhabited?

who can lift his body four feet by mere
jump, could, on our neighboring planet.
lift himself ten feet with the same expendi-
ture of strength. But there are other ways
on which the effect of this difference in
gravity will be still more marked. Among
these are the boiling and freezing points
of water
Under pressure of fifty atmos-
pheres, water bolls at $40 degrees Fair.
If we reduce this by the removal of
one atmosphere, we shall observe a slight
fall in the temperature of the boiling point.
Remove another atmosphere and the de-
cline is slightly greater. Let us continue
this until we have the equivalent of two
atmospheres. For each atmosphere re-
moved, the decline of boiling temperature
is a little greater than for the one imme-
diately preceding. The temperature is now
234 Fair. BY removing another atmosphere
which reduces the pressure to that of the
open air at sea level the boiling point is
lowered to 212 F., or fall Of twenty-five
degrees for one atmosphere removed. If
now. by means of the air pump or other de-
vice we exhaust the remaining air, we shall
find the water boiling at ordinary summer
heat and if we could produce an absolute
vacuum, the boiling point would probably
be about 20 F. or a decline of a hundred
and forty degrees for one atmosphere re-
moved. Thus we observe that as pressure
is removed the temperature of the boiling
point steadily declines, not, so far as known,
in strict obedience to any mathematical law,
but steadily downward with ever increasing
rapidity.
We have now reached the limit of posi-
bility in our experiment. We can go no
further, but Nature is not so handicapped.
The cubic foot of water which weighs sixty
two and half pounds, II transported to
Mars, would weigh but twenty-five pounds.
Here is a reduction which we cannot dupli-
cate and therefore, can not state definitely
how much the temperature of the boiling
point is depressed thereby. 1t is not, OF
course, equal to another atmosphere If 1t
were, we should expect corresponding fall
in boiling temperature of three hundred to
four hundred degrees, but, in order to be
conservative, let us allow one hundred de-
grees. This would bring the Martin boil
ing point in vacuum to about thirty below
zero. Fair, but as a certain atmospheric
pressure must exist on Mars we may safely
assume that in open air, water bols at from
80 to 100 degrees Fair. Where then, is
the freezing point? At 80? Most assuredly
not. Let us try another experiment.
If water be placed In a thin metallic
tube, as an ordinary tin water pipe set In
Blue-grass blade., 1908-04-26

equally exposed, we shall find that the
water in the lower end will freeze more
readily than that in the upper. 1t would
appear at first glance that this is due to
the presence of colder stratum of air
surrounding the lower end, which would
naturally cause more rapid freezing, but it
is questionable whether any thermometer
could detect a difference of temperature
between two points thus separated by
distance of ten or fifteen feet unless the
lower end be very near to the earth, which
it should not be.
But we shall be told that the water it.
self circulates, the warmer portions rising
to the top and the colder settling to the
bottom, but here again we are in error.
Water attains its greatest density at about
thirty-nine degrees Fair. After falling be-
low this temperature, the rule is reversed,
the warmer settling to the bottom. while
the colder rises to the top, nevertheless,
the lower portions freeze first from which
we must conclude that the pressure which
retards boiling, facilitates freezing and con-
versely, the lack of pressure facilitates
boiling and retards freezing But the
change which pressure may produce in the
freezing point is probably less rapid than
that of the boiling point hence there can
scarcely be difference of hundred and
eighty degrees between these two points on
the surface of Mars but we may safely
assume that there is difference of a
hundred or more. This would place the
freezing point at Zero or perhaps twenty
degrees lower 1t is of course, impossible
to verify either of these estimates, but one
fact has been demonstrated and is certain.
This is that gravity at the surface of Mars
is but two-fifths that of Earth and from this
fact several other facts, equally certain
may be deduced. These are:-
Only two-ffths the amount of energy will
be required to carry on all natural opera
tions only two-fifths of the heat necessary
to change solid matter into liquid or liquid
into gas; only two-ffths as much heat re-
quired to melt ice or to boil water; only
two-fifths as much heat required to de-
velop vegetable or animal protoplasm. This
is fact which seems to have escaped the
consideration, or even the notice of as
tronomers or other scientists. Even Ed
ward Irving, author of How to Know the
Starry Heavens" and one of the most
careful thinkers and astute reasoners that
the writer has ever known, falls into this
same error, 1. e. that of supposing that
protoplasm can be active only within a
certain range of temperature, regardless of
gravity. Only two-fifths as much energy
will be required for the evolution of or
b.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
EDITORIAL COMMENT.
BETTER KEEP HANDS OFF.

We do not know whether an inability
agreement
declaration whether favored
Reno railroad terminal rate point but it exceed
nglv well that such declaration was not made It is not as vet
whether Nevada be recognized and given terminal
The Southern Pacific by bunch of
FOOLS with which fight anything
it desires or against anything which does not want sed upon
it, The Southern Pacific terminal
Nevada for the the Southern
cine making too easy thing In the shape OF the highway rob-
berry charged shipments Nevada points that
purely imaginary haul Hannapah city
the real terminal should be- to and then back
the points With the
Nevada that rich Nevada
is velvet for the Southern Pacific If the terminal rate enforced
the Espee will have
the il receives the people
man and child in the state OF Nevada is now paying an illegally col
eced tribute the the
shipped toohpck
MILL babys fathers shirt The
Southern Pacific will
unanimy people demanding
pure
y selfish and not the idle finger for the
priced
to hear the terminal witnesses by
demand Tor terminal rates is not by the people of the state
whole but by two three jealous little communities which
after
say Their comment on the proposition will be to the effect that they
settling
helping COLOMBO Frog Hollow they will HE themselves
where there real be leaving the
it from the railroads.
getting right along. opportunity to pungle.
We don't blame o
in the public
what S
of the the clothier the butcher the baker the
the railroad thou shalt that still
and have freight shipped its railroad the
people getting another
freight rates framed and enforced It's like the old
tion of the his
she could live day.
tn bankey ongratefu brute tn pint
her, she died blank
she
We want to this people
eved of some of the oppression of the railroad Keep hands
OFF of the proposition the the
and-get the
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
BLUMENTHAL
IS Showing
them The WAY

News item-"A mysterious stran-
ger has been winning fabulous sums
from the roulette wheels at Monte
Carlo. Paris papers.
The identity of the mysterious
stranger has at last been explained.
Yesterday Grant and Newt Crumley,
of the Nevada Club, received a postal
card from Charles j. Blumenthal and
it was dated at Monte Carlo and
postmarked the thirteenth of last
month. This is what it says:
Have been in this delightful spot
for two weeks and it is all to the vel
vet. They tried to show me how to
play roulette and put a great big
kink in the bank roll. l demonstrate
ed to the pikers here how the game
was played in Tonopah and now they
have placed a 10 cent limit on my
bets. A conservative estimate of my
winnings would reach up in the mil
lions. 1t is my intention to settle
here and if do you can bet that the
Prince of Monaco will be running a
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
WHAT NEXT?

The appointment by Acting Gtch that whisky jelly
North Yakima
dsllery
The "drnkless drink the tablets
dy and be chewed dissolved in water its being
fciently
soded drink is said be popular in the SOUTH
local option laws into Washington
facturers find field
What We o Mash Mus Shredded
Booze Biscuit Postum Budwese Highball
Food AS far whisky sticks
they highly
whisky
good drink,
blame useless to livea whisky
south slandered by the nmaon that the oded
ular there The genuine souhern whisky
in sufficient quantity, but will drink
substitute the
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02

peanut stand for a living inside of a
week. l have an engagement with
the prince this evening and probably
before the night is over will be dealN
ing him a little black jack. Wish
Chris Malatesta was here so he could
show his nobs the little shell game.
Why it is like taking money from an
eastern mining man playing Piute
poker. If the bank roll don't hold
out here l will leave in a few days
for the Nile, where l have an engage
ment with Little Egypt, who wishes
me to pass judgment on a new dance
of hers before she presents it to the
public. Au revoir-over the river.
Charles j. Blumenthal.
"P. ST. a. m. Have just return
ed from the princes shack, where /
left him sleeping under the table. He
surely is a bum. After we had a
case of small ones he went to sleep
and fell off his chair. Leave for the
Pyramids in the morning.
&c. ]. B."
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02

dispatch from Bordeaux objections may be made
Castro landing
but considering propensity
anybody and everybody that
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
SUPREME COURT WILL
REVIEW SAKE" CASE

WASHINGTON, Dec. 1.-The SUI
preme court of the United States to-
day granted the petition of Komada
and company, Japanese merchants of
San Francisco, for writ of certiorari
in the case involving the tariff on the
japanese liquor known as sake.
This action will bring the case to
the supreme court for review The
case was decided by the federal cir
cult court of appeals adversely to the
importers.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
HOTEL ARRIVALS
NIIZPAH HOTEL.

II. Morris, San Francisco; j. D.
Campbell, Goldfield; George H. Tay-
lor, Reno; P. NJ. Bogovich, Buckeye,
Nevada; +. P. Carson, San Diego; B.
F. Hulse and wife, Los Angeles; w.
l.. Clark, Los Angeles; c. R. Harris,
Los Angeles: G. A. Giffen, Goldfield;
Dick Maxwell. Goldheld; A. Fergu-
son, Manhattan; Peter Seaberg,
Goldfeld.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
CALL FOR BANK STATEMENT
ISSUED BY COMPTROLLER

WASHINGTON, Dec. Comp
troller of the Currency Murray today
issued a call on national banks for
statement of their condition at the
close of business on November 81.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
PALACE HOTEL.

George NJ Lowrey, Pomfret Cen
ter, Connecticut; A. A. Averill, Pom
fret Center, Connecticut; Cyrus E.
Johnson, Round Mountain; Joseph
Warren, Horseshoe; H. Towel,
Horseshoe.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
BANK AT OLPE, KANSAS
ROBBED OF $4,000

EMPORIA Exams J, Dec. Rob
bers blew open the safe of the Olpe
bank, at Olpe, Kansas, ten miles
south of here, early today, and got
$4,000. They escaped on a Santa Fe
handcar
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN EXPECTED

The appointment by Acting Governor Dckerson,
Somers judge of the seventh judicial district this
the created by the resignation Judge
than what might have expected Somes
state Democratic central committee during the
had be rewarded He has his and which, following
after the election considering
in line for the appointment the bodest political
jobbery erontery
completely ignored its demands by Esmerad
Judge OBien of Tonopah familiar with
the state able urs and with reputation reproac
should be given the appointment The plum
and that without waiting the fruit to become
Judge Pete Somers!
mark of the pathway of the Dckerson administration!
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1908-12-02
Ore Shipments
Of Past Week

The following shipments
and Goldfed
the
lively The
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13
Saint Maru's Beacon


Dandy ID . lissle black dog. He
always wears white shirtfront and
four white. slippers. He has o tiny
tuft OF white on the tip Of his silky
black tail. He Ia cute little animal.
Besides being cute he 10 very fond
Of sweet things and doughnuts are
mis- special delight; you know the
kind. with big hole in the middle
and all covered with sugar.
Dandy's mistress does not think
doughnuts are good for him. and she
has expressed herself 90 often that
Dandy knows quite well what she
inks.
Now Dora. the cook. did NOS know,
30 the dav before Thanksgiving
while she was baking Dandy watch
ed her SO joyously that she selected
one OF the largest cakes and threw
IL on the floor for her pet.
Dandy was surprised 70 say the
least, how good the doughnut looked
and M-m." how good il seemed. He
looked il all over. He shifted at II
daintily. He poked IL with his paw.
He looked up at Dora al IL he want.
cd her TO soy something.
Then he picked up the cake and
earring ID In his mouth. trotted sober.
ly away starlight into the sitting
room where sat his mistress.
Dandy dropped the cake at her
feet. looked pleadingly up In her
face and waited for orders 10 eat.
His mistress thought be had stolen
the sweetmeat and calling to Dora,
she asked, DO you know how Dandy
got this doughnut7"
'Shure. mum; | gave Ii to him. >
Dandy barked.
His mistress laughed. Good dog,
she said. you have earned your
dessert; now eat IL quick before
change Ny mind"
Dandy wagged his tail and ate ths
cake. even TO the last crumb Of sugar
and than ran Qua 70 tell Tabby. ths
cat, all about his treat.-New Haver
Register.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13

That writer" said q publisher,
referring 10 an author who seemed TO
be idling away his time. lis In reality
trying hard TO work. to get his ideas
flowing. but he is stuck.
He said to me himself that he re-
sembled man who made O bet one
summer day at the shore that he
would sgim out mile and q half TO
q certain bouy. That bet was &C.
copied. and the man stripped and
plunged in. His friend retired 10
the hotel to watch bis progress from
the hotel window.
From the window with O field
glass the friend saw the swimmer
reach the bouy In due course, draw
himself up out OF the water and sit
down comfortably with bis legs dan
Cling over. So far 90 good. Evil
IDENTIFY he was resting. well pleased
with bis faaA.
Some minueas n1mssd, ssA the
swimmer - ne @esaA TAe watch
or returned 70 bis book. Bus every
now and then he looked up. and still
the swimmer sat In the same position
on the bouy.
An hour. two hours went by.
Still the swimmer remained. A
white. slim figure seen against the
oncoming dark. he sat on the buyo's
edge. His feet dangled In the sea.
Ha seemed TO be musing.
Finally IL began 70 grow quite
dark and thoroughly alarmed at last,
the watcher got boat and couple
OF barges and rowed ous 20 his
friend.
Out there the mystery was soon
explained. The man was stuck fast
to the buoy. which had been freshly
tarred that morning. - Washington
Star.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13
u Bad Bargain.

A story is told of the famous Rich
and Brinsley Sheridan. that one day
when coming back from shooting
with an empty bag, and seeing q
number Of ducks in o pond. while
near by man was leaning on fence
watching them. Sheridan asked:
What will you take for q shot O,
the ducks?"
well, said the man thoughtful
ly. IN take half q sovereign"
Done" said Sheridan. and he
fred into the middle OF the flock,
killing o dozen or more. I'm afraid
you made bad bargain. said Sher-
idan laughing.
Il don't know about that" the
man replied. They are not INV
ducks"
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13
Valuable Farms For Sale.

Farm No. 1. Has 100 acres cleared
and timbered land known as Fish Com.
mission situated directly on Chesapeake
Bay. Has threefourths mile water front.
Ten miles view up and down Bay. Beau
tiful summer home. Splendid oyster
bottom TO be had by leasing same from
State Premises generally, buildings etc.
In good repair.
Farm No. 2 adioins No. 1. Contains
$50 acres cleared and tiinbered land NJ
tuated on South OF st. Jerome's Greek.
beautifully located. Desirable for any
purposes. Premises generally, buildings
ETC.. I'm good repair.
Farm No. B adjoins No. 2. Has 100
acres cleared and timbered and borders
ON Philips Branch q tributory OF Sc.
Jerome's Creek. viii suit any industri.
GUS farmer. Premises generally, build
ings, ETC., In good repair.
Farm No. 2 can be divided into two
smaller farms and made splendid homes.
Land Ii level. Easy cultivated responds
quickly and adapted to the growth OF all
kinds OF grains and other currats fruits,
etc, etc. Conveniently located to
Churches, Schools and Wharves. Can be
bought on easy terms long time pay
ments. Write or call Tor information.
W. p. POWELL,
July lo-h Ridge, Md.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13

- White-Whas's the trouble
between you and Green?
Brown-Oh. there's no trouble
only he refuses 70 speak 30 me.
Claims | did him q mean trick about
o year ago.
White-How' that?
Brownie were both courting
the same girl and withdrew from
the race and let him marry her.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13
Backyard.

Having Established Brickyard &C HANO.
VIZ ILLS, near Leonardtown, I beg % no
tify the public that II em fully prsDareA 70
furnish 1rtcka Of Al grades &c the followfnr
exsh prsoes: ~, % and 9l0 par n. wei
n. y. 9RKRMwRLE.
LounAR6aown.I
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13

By proclamation Of the President
the Jewel Cave National Monument
has been established in the Black
Hills National Forest In South De-
kota. This formation In. In some re-
specss. unique. Il was explored In
1900. and consists Of series of
chambers connected by passages
and galleries, the walls Of which are
encrusted with beautiful calcite
crystals. Is 10 situated In cannon.
on o limestone plateau, 6OOO feet
above sealevel IL In believed TO
have been the channel for the waters
OF now extenct geyser. Youths
Companion.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13

Boz Most women regard bache.
lOrs as good husbands going 10 waste.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13

Have ye heard me daughter Mona
sing lately" asked Mr.. Dugan.
Both lately and early" said Mr..
Hogan. IT'S the fine insthrumentas
music she do make"
I'VE ignoramus. Sure. singing
ain't instrumental musicl" indig-
nantly replied Mr.. Dugan.
Keegsn told me 10 was insthru-
mental In causing him 10 move two
blocks away from yer house"
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13
Notice to Debtors.

Persons indebted 10 me on Medi-
cal account are requested 10 make
immediate payment. / need the
money. THOS. LYNCH. n. d.
LNoMARDzOwH. In.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13

ono FARMS TO 90 I'm new catalogue
SOVwhich goes over the World and
viii give st. 4arys County q boom.
Want descriptions at once n new cata-
logsp E0es 10 Printer, March 1. All con-
hdential. Drop postal for blanks,
&c. HOWARD,
Leoaardtown, Nd.
Can also furnish best Life, Accident
and Health Insurance.
Feb. Z. OFT.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13

= d. TIPPATT " BRO,
Aaa ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Al l.. Le.klLs Gu otrogt, L.aI L4-.a.,
baltimore, Ma.
Practice in the Courts Of BaItimore
city, Court Of Appeals, IN che coun.
ties OF Charles and 81. Mary s and
Washington city. Special attention
given 10 Admiralty practice and SOL
lection OF claims.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13
'Blacksnithing.

HAVING erected a new Blacksmith sho,
On my lot On Fenwick street. Leonardtown
and having secured the services Of an exper
workman from WASHINGTON city. am pre-
pared 20 do all work In my line Of cuisines
with care and promptnees. Satisfaction gura
antoe6.
WIZ. o. xATTyNaLY.
MeyN-sy
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1908-08-13

With an elegant new Hearse and
o full stock Of Collins and Baskets
am prepared TO serve funerals at the
shortest notice and upon the most
reasonable terms.
In connection with this designate
especial attention 70 my Blacksmith
and WheolwriGht department.
AL orders quickly and neatly At
tended TO.
A. C. WEIGH,
June II. 0haptico.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1908-01-03

original thinker has. however, come 10
the rescue and set the fashion ni pelnS
silly. 20
1t is interesting to learn that prac-
tically all the weeping willows in New
Zealand are products of the supply
which John Tinline. who passed away
short time ago al a ripe age, carried
away with him from Napoleon's grave
nearly GO years ago. Mr.. Tinline, who
was one Of the early pioneers OF New
Zealand, kept them alive on the voyage
by sticking them into potatoes.-London
Globe.
The construction of the second OF the
twin tunnels forming the Simplcn route
the Alps is under considera-
ton by the Swiss and Italian authori-
ties having jurisdiction of the matter,
and it is announced that work will be
at an early date. The sim
gle tunnel now in use is giving complete
Trains are hauled through
the mountain by electricity without
trouble from gas and smoke, and in
from 90 to 30 minutes, while ventilation
is eXcellent.-Consular Reports.