davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1908-09-24
ST. Louis General Market.

ST. LOUIS, Sept. 3-WHEAT-Firm:
track, No. . red, cash, N.0S1zQ1.O6h; No. 2
hard, 99cG3LO3; December. N.OlSGl.OlA;
May, $l.O37s.
CORN-Higher; track, No. ? cash. The;
No. ? white, 7sl4aSOc; December, 62&c; May,
$3.50.
OATs-Firm; track, No. . cash, 4sIkc; No.
? white, slice; December. sic; May, 5Ozs
d6lc.
RYE-Nominal; 7Sc.
FLOUR-Firm; red winter patents, $500
40; extra fancy and straight, A.694.55;
clear, S.OCG3.5O.
SEED-Timothy, S2.O0d3.JO.
CORNMEAL-S.S0
track. A.OO6l.04.
HAY-Unchanged; timothy, S.5Oala5O;
prairie. S.Odll,00.
BAGGING-Sc.
RON COTTON TIES-Sl.0.
HEMP TWINE-7C.
PROVISIONS - Pork. lower; iobbInR
A5S7ls. Lard, lower prime steam, EO.0Ia
Ul0 l2h. Dry salt meats, unchanged TO
lower. boxed extra shorts, $11.12Ik; clear
ribs. S11.Oc; short clears. $i09aiOB0 Bacon,
unchanged: boxed extra shorts. u2.0O; clear
ribs. N1.S1h; short clears, H200.
POULTRY-Weak: chickens, &c; springs.
l2c: turkeys. lie; ducks, 76Sc; geese. Sc.
BUTTER-Steady creamery, i9q35hc.
E~GGS-Steady; BiSc. case count.
Receipts and shipments OF flour and grain
Omaha daily bee., 1908-09-24

-eH cue Produce exchange today the but
ter market was firm; creameries, lsu-4c;
ds1rieA 1000. EGGS, firm; at mark, cases
iaafthded lSd1ec: firsts. &c; prime ftrsts
2Se cheese, firm; l2hdiSI7c,
Omaha daily bee., 1908-09-24

HUTo-bOOu 10 CHOICE nOgs COmmanded
about steady prices this morning, a good
share OF the better loads bringing So sOa
$50, with the best up 10 SEQ On the
other hand, fair to pretty good hogs we're
kinds extremely slow and weak. II will be
noted that the spread is rapidly widening
between common and good loads, weights
cutting less figure than quality. Common
and trashy loads especially snow a wide
variation in prices, as will be noted from
the sales. The trade today was not very
active. but still the better kinds we're
picked UP in fair season.
ReDrHgAntaIiVe sales.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-09-24
WEATHER ~ THE GRAIN BELT
Fair Thursday and Not Much Change
in Temperature

OMAHA, Sept 2. 1905.
Within the last twenty-four hours light
showers we're scattered over the Ohio.
Mississippi and lower Missouri valleys and
some moderate to heavy fails occurred m
eastern Kansas and Oklahoma. Inc
weather is much cooler in the upper val
leys and northwest and temperatures below
freezing are reported in the western Cana
dian provinces. FTosts occurred in western
Montana. 1t is generally clear west OF the
Mississippi river this morning and fair
weather will continue in this vicinity to-
night and Thursday, with not much change
In temperature.
Omaha record Of temperature and precipi.
tation compared with the corresponding day
1900. 1907. 1906. 1875.
Minimum temperature boz. IS 50 50 81
precipitation ............... 70 " % 90
Normal temperature for today. s. degrees.
Deficiency in precipitation since March 1,
.. % inches.
Deficiency corresponding period in 1907.
$50 inches.
Deficiency corresponding period in 1896.
2.Ol inches.
l.. A. WELSH. Local Forecaster.
Corn and Wheat Region Bulletin.
INnr tn Nn~1ANvr 3d. h-,-- A. - q
Omaha daily bee., 1908-09-24
Quotations of the Day on Various
mOditfea

NEW YORK, Sept. 2S.-FLOUR-Receipts,
IS, 100 bbls. exports, 6,s19 bbls. Market was
S. 4Oa6.sO; winter s%traights, Sls5g4.45; MIN
nesota bakers, A.2od4.6U; winter extras, 50. 40
$3.50; winter patents. $44a4S; winter low
to good, &.25a4p; choice to fancy, &.5Od
arrive.
low, N.5@lso; coarse, 1.65q17os kiln dried,
RYE-DulE No. 2 western, S4%c, +. o. b.
BARLEY-weak; mating, sOa67c, c. /. T..
Buffalo; feeding, 6%q64hc, c. l. I. New
WHEAT-Receipts. 5000 bu. Spot mar
ket steady; No. z red, NGaIHll, elevator.
$lCs1a. IS b; a%float; No. l northern, Du-
Igth. 'i;ll 5ss T. g. b, Sfloat' E No; 2 hard
Of the wheat session today was quite bull
ish' the prices getting near the seasons
drought in southern Argentine. The later
market broke under persistent selling by a
Chicago house, but rallied sharply near
ing. Final prices were Nc net higher. Sep
tember, Sl;@ql.99H, closed SL.09; December,
HiiSSs* 1 as:. closed g ed 500; May H.Osha
CoRNSReceipts, $,i5O bu.; exports. 2.I2a
blu. Market for spot steady; No. ?, Sc, ele-
yator, and ,s514c, nominal, delivered. The
option market was without transactions
closing &c net lower. September closed
at st4s, December closed at 7SAc: 90,
- ANNNNAPAoH AAAHVLV u NAROAAH 80
bu. Spot market steady; mixed, Is to 81
lbs, 521sc; natural white, % to 81 lbs, $50
65c; clipped white. 80 TO 70 lbs, 5596lc.
FEED-Firm; middllngs, S26 10; city, S24. IS.
HAI-Quiet; shipping. 52h467hc.
LEATHER-Quiet; acid, f146zo.
PROVISIONS-Beef, steady; amily, SIS "a
q17.5O; mess. Sl3.5Od14Oc; beef hams, f2e.OOd
3L0; packet, S15.O0016.OO; city extra mess
S4.5Oq2.m. Cut meats, steady; picked
bellies, 1k4ll%c; picked hams, l1k912c
Lard, easy; western, S0.6O910.O 70; refined,
was easy; continent, 81. 10: South Amer
lean, Nl.15; compound, 7AdSc. Pork. steady
family. S20.OOq2O 50; short clear, S19.OOa21. 90
mess, t17.25d17.75.
TALLow-steady; city Csc per packase),
RICE-Steady; domestic, fair to extra, 81
@6%c; Japan. nominal.
BUTTER-Firm; Gamer specials, so
251zc; extras, 24G24lzc; state dairy, common
to finest, lsq23c; process, common to spe
cial. 16d2lhc.
CHEBSE-Firm; state, full cream spe
Gals. l34Ql4Ac; state, small. colored OF
white, fancy. 13c; state, large. colored OF
white, fancy, l254c; state, good to prime
l24l2hc: state, common to fair, 10A4llAc
state, skins. 2Gl04c.
EGGS-Ffrm; state, Pennsylvania and
nearby fancy, selected, white, 31Q32c; state
fair to choice. 25Q30c; brown and mixed
fancy, Z7d2Sc; brown and mixed. choice
2+ae6c; western firsts, 22G2Sc; seconds, .
POULTRY-Alive, firm; spring chickens
14c; fowls. 14c; turkeys. lac. Dressed, ir
regular; western spring chickens. l5d19c
fowls. 14a151ac; spring turkeys, 2oq22c.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-09-24

BOSTON, Sept. 3.-Money. call loans "a
3 per cent; time loans. 3i4dAa per cent.
Closing quotations ON stocks and bonds
were:
Omaha daily bee., 1908-09-24
NEW YORK GENERAL MARKET

L. A. WELSH. Local Forecaster.
Omaha daily bee., 1908-09-24
Minimum temperature ... e5 80 SO
preCipitatiOn .... o. % %
Corn ana wheat REGION RuIIetin.
OMAHA DISTRICT.

For the t~wenty-four hours ending at
a. m, 18th meridian time, Wednesday, Sep
tember 3, 1905:
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
RIDING rHE SOUTH sEA svHr.
Authors Description Makes One Long
 to Participate.

T shall never forget the first big wave I caught out there in the deep water. I saw 1t coming, turned my back on 1t and padded for dear life. Faster and faster my board went, until it seemed my arms would drop off. What was happening behind me I could not tell. One cannot look be- hind and paddle the windmill stroke. heard the crest of the wave hissing and churning. and then my board was lifted and flung forward. l scarcely knew what happened the first half minute. Though kept my eyes open, I could not see anything. for I was buried in the rushing white of the crest. But I did not mind. I was chiefly conscious of ecstatic bliss at having caught the wave. At the end of the half minute. however. began to see things and to breathe. I saw that three feet of the nose of my board was clear out of water and riding on the air. l shifted my weight forward and made the nose come down. Then 1 jay, quite at rest in the midst of the wild movement, and watched the shore and the bathers on the beach grow distinct. I didn't cover quite a quarter of a mile on that wave, be cause, to prevent the board from div ing, I shifted my weight back, but shifted it too far, and fell down the rear slope of the wave."-Jack London in the Womans Home Companion.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
BENSON NEWS NOTES
 OF THE PAST WEEK
Ben Williams Discovers Cave
 That May Be Bonanza,
(Bensonri Press.)

iBensOn PreSs.)
 w. NJ. Clark, of Bisbee bought the place of Ed Coons last Tuesday, and will move on and begin farming it without delay. or
 It joins Ralph Crffiel6s farm on the south, and is about eight miles south from Benson. There Us one artesian we'll on it that flows 65 or 70 gallons per minute, and another that would be 8 fine well if it was caset.
 Mir. Clark has been for years work ing in the mines at Bisbee, but has decided to quit mine work and take up farming in San Pedro valley. He is highly spoken of and will be de sirable addition to the number of prosperous farmers in St. David. Though at present bachelor, he IS liable to the vicissitudes of leap year, and may be able to recover from it before long.
 lie will build a new house to live in, and has already arranged to have adobes made Tor the wall.
 An authentic statement from Ben X. Williams has just been received by the Benson Press that, while work ing on lead property three miles and a half northeast of Dragoon sta tion, on Lime mountain, he broke into a cave. It was filled with gas, which was so strong as to prevent him going in and exploring the extent of the cavern, but it reaches beyond the range of vision when looking in from the workings. Sand carbonates and galena ore were in the cave, which may prove one of natures treasure vaults.
 In few days, after the gas has time to escape, Mr.A Williams will ex- plore the cave and find out how ex- tensive it Is and also whether the ore deposits are sufficiently large to make him rich.
 W. A. McCamman, a young Pres byterian preacher from St. Joseph, Mo, will arrive in Benson to locate permanently.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
NATIONAL CONGRESS
 OF THE D. 4. R.

WASHINGTON, D. C., April 2O.- The seventeenth continental congress of the National society, Daughters of the American Revolution, convened in this city today, with an attendance of more than 1000 delegates and oth- CT visitors from all the states of the union. The congress will be in ses- sion throughout this week and already bids fair to be one of the most sue cessful gatherings in the history of the famous organization. Although the election of president-general does not take place until next year, there is already much interest in the pros poets of Mrs. Douglas MacLean, the incumbent, obtaining a third term, and politics will consequently have an important part in the present gath ering. The business sessions of the congress will be interspersed during the week with many attractive feat ures of social entertainment.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
ROMANCE ENDS IN HAPPINESS.
Childhood Sweethearts Meet at New
 Orleans and Are Married.

A romance which began in their na- tive land when both were children, and long before they dreamed of com ing to America to seek their fortunes, eliminated in the wedding of Antonio Hervatin and Joana Rumin of Pain, Austria, says the New Orleans Plea yune. They came over on the Sofia Hohenberg. Antonio is farmer, and he came to look for land which he could cultivate and later build homo upon. Joana came to New Orleans expecting to obtain employment as a servant; but when the time came for them to part at the ships side it was more than Antonio could stand and harder than Joana had dreamed, and then it was that love asserted it's rule, and they decided to cast their fortunes together. Stephen Jozsa, assistant sec retary at the state immigration bu- beau, went with them to the St. Louis cathedral, where they were made man and wife by Mong. Laval. Radiant as children in their new-found happf- ness, bride and groom left for Laurel Hill, in West Feliciana, where they were taken by Miss Stuart to work on the sugar estate of MT. Henry Stewart.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
UPPER AIR
BALLOON OFFERS GREATEST
 POSSIBILITIES TO- SCIENCE.
Successful Navigation of the Air VIII
 Unlock the Secrets of the j Upper Atmosphere for Meteorologists.

It has been well said that the at mosphere has no frontier. and there for the study of the upper air is a world work in which men of different nations meet on a common footing. and with common aims and sym pathies.
 In the forefront of those who have made a study of the upper air is Prof. A. Lawrence Rotch, whose researches have been aided by every facility that money can command, for Prof. Roteh has large income. which he devotes liberally to science. He established the Blue Hill observatory sor the study of meteorology 22 years ago. at Boston, and maintains it wholly at his own expense. He has financed various expeditions fer the stu%y of the air in different places, on land and sea. He has given generously to vari- ous funds for the benefit of the sci ence in which he is interested.
 In speaking of the future of balloon ing Prof. Roteh said:
 "Ballooning as a whole may be d. vided into three fields. First the ex- ploration of the upper air by means of balloons which ascend to a consider able height, and are purely for scien- tific observations; second, the use of dirigible balloons, the air vessels which may be steered and will go from place to place; third, ballooning as a sport,
 Notwithstanding the successful op- erations of balloons at present, the aeroplane seems capable of the great est development. If man flight is to be accomplished on practical lines, it must be with some such machine as the aeroplane, 1t would seem.
 ''The dirigible balloon, which is at l tracting a great deal of attention now, will never become commercially prac- | ticable, though it will undoubtedly be valuable for military reconnaissance 1 and in sport. It can never carry great weight, and if driven at high speed it will be crushed, as the light silk fabric | of the envelope will not withstand the | pressure of the atmosphere at a speed of more than 60 miles an hour On ! the whole l think the future of the dirigible balloon is not brilliant l "The development of the aeroplane will doubtless cost many lives, and
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
BASEBALL RECORDS THAT
 WILL BE HARD ID BEA1

Here are a few of the baseball rec ords of the past quarter of century They are all interesting and may serve as an inspiration to some of the players. Anyway, it will make the tossers and the teams of 1908 hustle Fto eclipse some of them.
 Greatest number or runs in game Chicago vs Cleveland, July 24, 1882 35-4.
 Player who played in greatest mum Der of games-Barrett of Detroit, 162 games.
 Greatest number of times at bat Brown of Louisville, 1881, 65S times
 Greatest number of one-base hits Keeler of Baltimore, 1897, 243-
 Greatest number of chances accept ed by first baseman-Donohue of tat Chicago Americans, 1907, l, 9S6.
 Greatest number of chances Hc cepted by second basenan-Evers Of Chicago Nationals, 1904. S99.
 Greatest number of chances accept ed by third baseman-Collins of Bos ton Nationals, 1899, 601.
 Greatest number of chances eccepJ ed by shortstop-AHen of Philadel- phia Nationals, 1892. 955.
 Greatest number of chances accept ed by fielders-Slagle of Washington 1899, 424
 Greatest number of games pitched Hutchinson, Chicago. 1892, 70.
 Pitcier giving the greatest number of bases on balls-Rusie, New York, 1892. 261
 Greatest number of stolen bases Stovey, Athletics, 1888, 156.
 Longest game, major league-Atb- 1etics ys. Boston, at Boston, Sept. 1,
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
THOUSANDS VIEW THE FLEET

LOS ANGELES, Cal, April 20 Thousands of sightseers from all oy- eE.Athis section of California have vfSWed the ships of Admiral Evans fleet during the past twenty-four hours. At San Pedro, Long Beach, Santa Monica and Redondo. where the several divisions of thu fleet are at anchor, great crowds are reported and the small craft of all descrip- ton are doing a thriving business carrying visitors to and from the bat tleships. This was the first day the men were given shore leave and 1t Is estimated that between 5000 and B. 500 of the blueiackets visited Los An geles. The grand banquet arranged for the officers takes place at the Alexandria hotel tonight.
 The present division of the feet, which will be maintained until the date for the departure for Santa Barbara next Saturday, is as follows:
 At San Pedro: The first division, consisting of Rear Admiral Evans jana and Kansas.
 At Long Beach: Second division, consisting of Rear Admiral Emery's flagship Georgia, Rhode Island, Vir- ginia and New Jersey
 At Santa Monica bay: Third diyi- sion, consisting of Rear Admiral Thomas flagship Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio and Maine.
 At Redondo: Fourth division, con sisting of Rear Admiral Sperry's flag ship Alabama, Kentucky, Kearsage and Illinois.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21

1906, 24 innings, fl.
 Longest game, minor league-Far- go vs. Grand Forks. July IS, 1891, 25 innings, 1900.
 Greatest number of championship games in one day-Three games, Sept. 1, 1898, Brooklyn vs. Pittsburg, scores 10-9, 9-2, S-1.
 Smallest number of chances by first basefnen--New York Chicago Ameri- can league record was made. "Jiggs' Donohue of Chicago had but one chance at first, an assist, which he accepted in the eighth inning. In major league history it had never be. fore happened that a first baseman should go through an entire game without a putout.
 Largest attendance. major league Oct. 10, 1905, New York Nationals vs Philadelphia Athletics, worlds cham pionship series, 24,992.
 Largest attendance, minor league Sept. l, 1907, at Columbus. o, Colun- bus ys. Toledo, 20,531.
 Unassisted triple plays-Paul Hines, Providence, R. l., May s, 1878; Harry O'Hagan, Rochester, at Jersey City, Aug IS, 1902; Larry Schlafly, al Portland, Ore. June 10, 1904.
 Greatest number of consecutive games Iost-Twenty-six games, Louis vile American association, 1889; 2S games, Pittsburg National, 1890.
 Greatest number of consecutive games won-Twenty. Providence. Ma tionaI~ league, 1884; minor league. 21 Lancaster, Atlantic league. 1897.
 Shortest game on record-Forty4 four minutes, Atlanta vs. Shreveport Sept. 24, 1904.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
BASEBALL

The Chicago Cubs continue their winning streak in the National League. They beat St. Louis yester. day and lead the procession with five games won and one lost. Pitts. burg lost to Cincinnati yesterday and New York won over Brooklyn, which puts McGraw's bunch in second place with four games won and one lost Boston Is ip last place.
 New YorR went into first place iu the American League nv defeating Washington yesterday Their stand ing is four games won to q single 6e, feat. St Louis lost yesterday to Chicago, the White Sox knocking Rube Waddell, who shut the Sox out on Friday, out of the box. St. Louis thus dropped to second place AS usual Washington is in last place in the American race.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21

at first acrobats will be required to run it. Even when developed, it's value, except in war, will be doubt full. It must always be influenced by the winds, to certain degree, but to less extent than are balloons, on ac- count of its superior speed.
 "The greatest value derived from ballooning is in the study of meteor ology and allied sciences" said Prof. Rotch. Great advancement has been made in that direction in the past few years. We know much more about clouds and the upper air than any other generation ever knew. These things affect our welfare on both land and sea. The value of weather fore casts, in saving crops from damage, in saving ships from wreck, and in saving lives is well understood The accuracy of weather forecasts depends on the knowledge on which they are, based. By our recent study of the air we have added greatly to the total of scientific knowledge of the vast ele- ment in which our earth swims.
 My interest in ballooning," con tinued Prof Rotch, ''is from the scien- tific standpoint The balloonist looks to the meteorologist for information about the upper air, and the meteor ologist works in cooperation with the balloonist.
 We have recently completed at St. Louis long series of experiments with small balloons that will prove of great value, believe, in the study of the air. One of these rubber balloons carried recording instruments to a height of 46,6s0 feet, or s-1O miles, and recorded a temperature III de grees below zero. The balloons are filled with hydrogen, and as they ascend this expands until the balloon bursts The instruments are attached to a parachute, which carries them safely to the earth. Directions are on each instrument for It's return, and a statement that a reward of $2 will be paid the finder. Out of 55 balloons sent up in our first experiments all but three were returned. The long est flight of any one from the start ing point was 800 miles.
 By this method observations were obtained much higher than could have been done with ksses."
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21

Harvard-Naval Academy boat race at Annapolis.
 Thursday.
 Central league begins it's season. Annual spring golf tournament opens at Lakewood, N. ]. Ohio state league begins it's season. Annual Texas state golf tournament opens at Fort Worth. lots Friday.
 Briarcliff trophy race for stock cars. Westchestery county, New York Annual championships of Amateur Fencers' league of America at New York Athletic club.
 Saturday.
 Annual championships of Amateur Fencers' league of America at New York Athletic club.
 Fourteenth annual relay race car nival at University of Pennsylvania.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
DROOP|AG MARKET MARKED OPENING
Of Business After Three Days CesSation-MetaI indus
 tries Depressed.

NEW YORK, April 20.--BussAess in the stock market made a poor start today after three days cessation. all times. Steel was heavy spot. Considerable sentimental effect All metal industrials were more or less depressed. Bonds dull. Amalgamated Copper 57: Ameri- can Smelting, 6S; Atchison. 76; St. Paul, 117A; New York Central. 971k; Pennsylvania. 116%; Reading. 104% z Southern Pacific. 7S% Union Pa cific, 127h; U. s. Steel, 3SH; U. &. Steel preterred, 9SA. Metal Market. With no London markets, owing to continuation of Easter holidays. there was comparatively no change in To- cal quotations of metals. | Tin quiet to shade higher, ranging from S31S5 to $32.20. Copper. unchanged and quiet. Lake, I12.75@12.S715c; electrolitic, I2.62h O 12.75; casting, 12.371zQ12.50c. Lead, quiet and unchanged, S.97h Q 400.
 Spelter. s.46O9465.
 Iron, unchanged. [ Bar silver. 547sc; Mexican dollars, 47c.
 Grain Quotations.
 CHICAGO, April 20.N-May wheat opened at s2A to 9Sc; advanced to 94Ac, closed steady at 94c. 1 Corn, weak; close easy. May open , ed a shade to A@asc lower at 669s O 665sc; sold at 66%c, declined to 65A and closed at 66@661sc
 Oats, dull. May opened kc higher, 54$c; sold of to 53c; closed at 53Ac. Cattle and Sheep.
 Cattle, receipts 15,000. Steady to 10c higher. Reeves, S4.50@725; cows and heifers, $2.25@6.20; Texans. $4.50 @5.4O; calves, s4.5O@6.OO; Westerns. s450G $50; stockers and feeders, $325@5.25.
 Sheep, receipts, 15,O0o. Strong to 10c higher Natives, S5.00G625: Westerns, $5.00@6.70; yearlings, S6.35@7.15; lambs, S6.0o47.7e: West erns, S6.00@170.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21
CALENDAR OF SPORTS
 FOR THE WEEK

Tuesday. Checker tournament for the Gomin- ion championship opens in Toronto. Annual horse show at Durland's rid ing academy, New York.
 Wednesday. Easter league begins it's season. Opening of eight days meeting of Maryland Jockey club at Pimlico. Opening of ten days meeting of the Kentucky Racing association at Lex ington, Ky.
 Tri-state league opens it's season
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21

There is no official announcement as to the terms. but the belief is that Wagner gets s1O.000 for his seasons work
 Wagner and Dreyfus left for Gin cinnati ou a night train, and the for mer reported to Manager Clark in the morning, ready for the Sunday af- ternoon game. He was given great ovation by Cincinnati fans yesterday. The Pirates lost through errors, to
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21

Mir Clark Howell "lovs as how the Atlanta Constitution will observe a stri-t if not actually armed neu- trality between Mr. Smith and MT. Brown in the coming Georgia guber- material contest. The Constitutions experience last time has somewhat cooled it's martial ardor.
Bisbee daily review., 1908-04-21

PITTSBURG. AIiril 2e.-Hans Wagner. idol of Pittsburg baseball fans, has signed a contract to play with the pirates, and if everything goes along as planned he will be the shortstop from now on. Wagner came into the city from his home at Carnegie Saturday and called at the office of President Barney Dreyfus. The two had an earnest conversation for half an hour, at the end of which the contract was signed.