The Washington times., 1908-06-26

significant pueblo. Hidaigo's original
band OF poorly armed men numbered
but eighty, yet their watchword known
as the "Grito de Dolores CCry OF Do
lores), is justly remembered as the
first utterance Of liberty I'm Mexico II
WAS Up with true religion and down
with false government HIdaIeors
forces soon grew TO 900 men; they
marched to San Miguel, where a regi-
ment joined them. At Celava they
swened 10 a huge but confused and III
armed or unarmed horde, estimated as
high as $4,000.
On September 3. 1sI0. they took
Guanaiuato, the capital of what was
then the province and Is now the state
floprishing city On October II they
took NalladOlid, and later threaten cd
the City OF Mexico itself Altboush de-
feated at Aculco on November Z. utterly
crushed at Calderon on January Is. ISL
and executed on July 81, 1911. Hidalgo
is revered as the protagonist OF NexICan
liberty, and September Is is officially
and universally celebrated as Mexico S
independence day.
The great and unselhsh patriot. Jose
Morelos, continued the struggle for local
autonomy, and IN 1913 convened at Chill
panZincO a national assembly which
promulgated another declaration Of in
dependence On November g. This day
and about a dozen more days on which
other declarations Of independence We're
made oyershadow one another and are
celebrated only locally.
The activity Of Morelos. like that #
HidalgO, was suppressed by the Spafisi,
powers, and he was captured in 1915
and shot on December . OF that year;
yet he is revered almost more than
Hidalgo and generally remembered
Diaz's Victory Remembered.
May 3 is = festival Of great popularity
! throughout Mexico, because on that day
! in 1862 Porfirio Diaz Csince and still
/ President OF Mexico. who was then
| thirty-two years Of age. siguaIly de-
feated at PUebla, in the state ~
| Oaxaca, the French troops under Cen
J eral Isorencez. This victory. not IN It.
! self very important, had an iucalculabIe
/ moral effect in rousing the Nexicans 10
! resist the empire which Napoleon III
was attempting 10 impose or them. To
/ the announcement derived from IT they
/ attribute the continuance OF opposition
] TO Macmillan, and from May .. 1872.
/ they date the era Of their present pros
/ perity and peace
I The CinCO de Mayo is with them as
/ notable a holiday as September &c.
! In that part Of South America which
4 is now Colombia the revolution began
on May =, $50. at Cartagena. where
1 the spanish authorities were scared into
! TesiEning and the management OF az
fairs taken over by a local jurta OF
/ temporary board. On July similar
/ events occurred at Pamploma.
Colombia Celebrates Often.
on July 10 a riot broke out in tho
principal square OF Santa Fe de Bogota
( now the capital OF Colombia) This
began with d brawl over some remark
made on the street by a Spauiard wine
was sneering at Creoles- Throughout
Spanish America Creole invariably
means a person OF fun European blood
born in the New World The Draw
! grew until a mob Of 5000 armed mer
/ howled IN front Of the viceroy's palace
The viceroy was compelled TO Weld. and
the most important Creole leaders quiet
cd the mob. held an orderly and digui
fed meeting and signed and promul
/ gated a declaration Of independence
Hence. July 20 is Colombia lndepend
ence dav
September Il IS also celebrated in somt
parts Of Colombia, especially In th'
state OF Bolivar, for on September ID
1916. the long period Of horrors in Carta
gena which was herOiCally resisting q
siege by Spanish troops. WAS brought q
an end by a brilliant relief
! Throughout Colombia the people gen
I orally observe as a festival August 7
for on that day in 1913 their gre q gen
eraI. Francisco de Paula Santander. an,
his greater colleague. Simon Bolivar
, known as the LiberatOr. heading az
army OF patriots. routed at BUyaCa tn
last effective Spanish army in that par
Z OF the world. The battle Of BoyaCa wa
> as decisive OF Colombian independents
, as was the surrender OF Yorktown 70
the United States.
! In IS22 Brazil declared herself an EN-
pire independent OF Portugal on Seprem
/ Der L. which date IS celebrated through
, out Brazil as a national holiday. No
vember Is Is also made a good deal Of
. because or that day in 1859 Brazil ceas
i ed 70 be an empire and became rcpub
o. lie.