davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07
REAL DANGER w FELLOW PERIL

1 men. I found more than I expected-an
 army as well controlled as any in Europe,
 modern armed and intelligently led. | Every one has heard of the old type Of | Chinese soldier, the man whose drill ln- cluded among other exercises the making | of ugly faces to frighten the enemy and | uttering hideous cries to alarm him by | much clamor He has been swept to one | side.
 The new Chinese army is dressed in khaki In summer and serge In winter. | The soldiers are well housed well armed, | well clothed and well fed. For weapons | they have up-to-date magazine rifles, and | their artillery comes from the yards of | Canet. Their officers and cadets are | now being trained after the manner of the German military schools, and their
 non commissioned officers go to the smart est bombardiers of Dover or Plymouth. The army of Chili numbers about sixty
 thousand men. In very few years 1t will have grown to a hundred thousand,
 with a further quarter of a million as
 reserves.
 Similar armies are being raised in other provinces in China, and military critics are already anticipating the time when the Chinese army will be numbered by tho million. If human material were all that were necessary China could within five years have an army of ten millions I do not thing this likely, but an army of a million to a million and half on the field and as reserves is quite within the possibilities of the next six years. If this army Is actually controlled by the Chinese themselves, I anticipate It, tie trouble from 1t. It will be a weapon of defense in the hands of China, and will help to check some of the crude
 schemes of exploitation that were In the
 air not so long ago. But should another
 power with great ambitions be allowed Ito secure control, trouble may soon fol- low.
 Japanese jingoes openly speculate on the future, when there will be Chinese
 army of ten millions. officered by Japan csc, and determined to bring the "yellow blessing to Europe. These jngoes say
 that we will bo much better governed by Japanese than we can be by our selves! Of course, such mad yaporing is not to be taken too seriously and does
 not represent serious Japanese opinion.
 But yet 1t must not be wholly lost sight
 of. Accomplishment comes with oppor-
 tunity; and a Chinese army governed by
 Japan would give Japan the opportunity
 of being the mistress not alone of the
 Pacific, but of the world.
 The more immediate struggle for racial
 supremacy will be waged in the region of commerce. The Japanese have been in
 the past military rather than a com
 mercial people. The merchant was de-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07

collected a vast rtore of new material whi~h was of immense value to him in his subsequent work. He was certainly one of the greatest observers that ever lived, and he reasoned upon his observations with characteristic acuteness and candor
 His hypothesis of natural selection" was itself an evolution. The noted work of Malthus on ''The Principle of Popula- ton" was his starting point. In that famous work Malthus held that the ten dency of population was to increase fast e. than the means of subsistence. He be- lie -ed that population was increasing in a geometrical ratio, while the means of subsistence increased In only an arithmet- ical rs tio. Every mathematician is ob- liged to see at a glance that this state of things would necessitate a struggle for eXis tence, and for the means of sus taining life, and out of this struggle grew MT. Darwin's Origin of Species" which he published to the world as Ia working hypothesis" He never set up any claim that it was demonstrated. On the coLtrary he repeatedly and candidly admitted that there were divers objec- tic which he could not meet, though he hoped that not a few of these objections would, In the course of time, be removed, or at least, greatly relieved by further light.
 ot few of the ablest thinkers of his own day altogether rejected MT. Darwin's hypothesis. Even Huxley, who was greatly in love with it. admitted that 1t
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07

was net proved by the existing evidence. Joln Stuart Mill held that the most that could be said for 1t was that 1t was not so absurd as 1t appeared to be. Virohow opposed 1t vigorously. Sir William Daw- son rejected it quite decidedly. Asa Gray pointed out its atheistio tendency. But probably It's most powerful opponent in MT. Darwins own day was Agazziz, who was certainly one of the greatest natu- rahsts that ever lived This great man held some very distinct and clear-cut convictions as to the existence of per sonal and designing Creator, and of that Creators relation to the universe. The existence of such Creator, "whose pow CT alcne could establish and sustain such an order of things" as we see around us, he believed Ito have been established by rigid demonstration. and on a truly scientific foundation" He held that An invinsible thread, In all ages, runs through this immense diversity, exhib
 iting as a general result the fact that there Is a continual progress in develop ment ending in man, the four classes of vertebrates presenting the intermediate steps, and the invertebrates the constant accessory accompaniment. Have we not here the manifestations of a mind as powerful as prolific? The acts of an in- telligerce as sublime as provldent? The marks of goodness as infinite as wise? The most palpable demonstration of the existence of personal God, author of all
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07

Lamar. When the southern question was retired to make way for economic prob lens, Morgan participated actively. He was a silver man. and supported the To to 1 vagary with all his might. He advo- cated the Stanley Matthews resolution that Lamar and Hill opposed against the instructions of their state legislatures. To the sane understanding "bimetalism,' as the 16 to 1ers defined 1t, is an impos- sbility. It never existed anywhere, though 1t was for centuries the law of the land everywhere. There can no more be double standard In coinage than there can be double conduct in morals. The baser metal will drive from the hints the dearer, just as iniquity will drive virtue from tho heart that gives welcome to both. MT. Hyde and Dr. Jekyl could no more exist in the same personality than gold and silver can In the same mint at a fixed ratio. Morgan like Jupiter, hero indulged a nod.
 But that Is a dead issue-pity that other and moro vicious vagaries that now plague American politics were not buried with 1t. It was a calamity to the demo- cratic party and to the public that John T. Morgan and Grover Cleveland did not understand each other and each put tl'o actual value on tho other that was his due. Perhaps there was too much of tho bulldog in both to occupy the same ken nel. Morgan ought to have been secre- tary of state instead of Bayard, and Nor rlson should have been secretary of inte- rlor instead of Lamar in Cleveland's first cabinet
 The last fifteen years of Morgans ca reer he devoted entirely to foreign af fairs and the Isthmian canal. Here was his best and greatest work; here his won derful and heroulean labors Ills policy was the western hemisphere for America. His pet coinage scheme was 16 to 1 for every government of North, South and Central Americas and the isles of the sea of the western world. He wanted pan-American for finance and for tariffs. He was tho stoutest champion the Mon roc doctrine ever had and he snapped the cords of the Clayton Bulwar treaty as Samson broke the green withes. With President in accord with him he would
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07

things, ruler of the universe. and dis penser of good7 This, at least, Is what I read in the works of creation" Only a theist could have honestly written such sentences as these. and they put Agazziz suarely at issue with Darwin, who called hlmsele an agnostio.
 The argument from design has been the stronghold of theists from the time of Plato to our own day. Of all the ar guments for the existence of a God. that great logician, John Stuart NH, held that this was the strongest and apart from revelation he was doubtless in the right.
 But if the Darwinian hypothesis be true, the argument from design Is left ou. In the cold, as there is logically speaking, no room for it.
 The doctrine of natural selection is, succnctly stated, as follows In the struggle for existence, some variations accidentally occur In the individuals of d given species. If any one of these varia- tions happens to be advantageous to the individual, 1t gives that individual a bet ter chance in the fight, and this ad- vantage will tend to grow and to perpet- uate itself from generation to generation, wA1e the individuals, and the species, which are without this advantage will tend to die out and disappear. Herbert Spenoor calls natural selection "the sur vival of the Attest" and by "httest" he means strongest.
 Now, according to this hypothesis, the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07
BY F. I. MONKS.

this happens five or six times or until the hare Is killed or else finds protee- tion in bush or among briars. The winning dog Is announced by the color of the flag raised which corresponds with that of the collar. Thousands of pounds change hands after every match but ths big bets are booked and settled at night.
 After the first days courslng only thirty-two dogs are left and these are matched in sixteen pairs after the same fashion as the first night. Every day has it's matches and every night It's ban quet draw and betting until Friday af- ternoon when the finishing match Is run off between the last two left out of the sixty-four. This Is the eliminating point of weeks excitement. Fifty thousand people are assembled to watch the clos Ing scene in the drama. The hare Is up. the dogs are off Twist and turn and tumble, this way and that The hare leans back his long ears, his eyes are bulging out, he gives quick short bounds; the dogs one moment stretched full length the next doubled in two, with nose an inch above the ground. Snap, a faint squeal, and the Waterloo cup Is won.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07
BY F. A. M'K-ENZIE.

, spised among them and the fighting man glorihed. This is still so to some extent, | but the Japanese arc more and more 1 devoting themselves to trade. The last | few years, especially the period since the war, have seen the rise of Japan Into | strong industrial position. The navy with which Japan defeated Russia was mainly | built in British yards the new Japanese i navy Is being built at home.
 A few months ago 1 went through the | great Kawasah yards at Kobe. I saw there ship after ship in course of con struction or nearing completion. l asked what these vessels were for. This Is the new Chinese navy my guide told me. Four years ago the orders for these ships would have gone to the Tyne or the Clyde Today Japan Is getting them, and Is receiving orders for other foreign ships as well.
 Japan in the near future is going to be great shipbuilding nation. She Is all ready turning out ships of nearly twenty thousand tons. She Is not only going to build her own navy, but also she will be great shipbuilder for other lands. She is further rapidly coming into place as a great shipping nation. All over the Pacific one finds, in port after port, that where the majority of shipping seven years ago was British the greater number of ships arriving today arc Japanese.
 
 ports. The Japanese government is care fully fostering It's shipbuilding and ship ping industries by heavy subsidies. The British firms which try to compete with them find that they are fighting not an individual but government with great resources of credit behind 1t.
 Japan is becoming an enormous cotton manufacturing country. The Japanese factory owner is not troubled by humani- taran laws. He can employ child labor with little restraint. The Japanese mills today are largely run on woman's labor, at fraction over five pence per day. This woman's labor is aided by children, who earn anything from a penny to three pence a day. The men are paid an aver age wage of about eight pence a day.
 These mills are working day and night to cope with the orders pouring into them from Japans new dependencies. They can obtain special rates for their goods into Manchuria they have been able. dur
 ing the last year, freely to use Dalny where they pay no duty, while the Brit sh have had to go through Newchwang, where a customs duty is added to the cost of the goods.
 The Japanese exporter finds that gov ernment money can be had at low rate of interest to help his external trade. The Japanese government is behind every stage of Japan's commercial enterprises, helping in a way that makes even the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07

had never held public office other than Presidential elector. He was leader of the bar of his state and his section. He was that happy composite-a learned lawyer and an honest man. He never sought office. His grandeur of character commanded it. He would as soon have begged his bread as to solicit a vote. He went before the people and discussed public questions; but he spoke for Ala bama, not for Morgan. Office, perpetual, and the highest. would have been value less to him and thing to be scorned 1T bestowed on condition that he surrender the least conviction he had on the least political issue imaginable.
 That was the old south and John T. Morgan was an old southerner. It and he had but one creed-loyalty to obliga- tion-which is nothing but fidelity to con viction and constancy to plighted faith. He held that the federal government has no title to rule except what Is nominated in its deed, made by tho states and called the constitution of the United States. It Is an instrument as binding on the grantee as it is on the grantor. The design was this-simply this-to restrain majorities We hear heap of slush about "government by the people, and all that rot, as though the people are in- fallible and can do no wrong, when one who has the merest smattertng of history ought to know that the only use In the world of free government and the only thing for which it was ever instituted is to keep the people from doing wrong. If the people could do no wrong there would be no use for any government whatever This government of ours was made for no other purpose than to keep the people from doing wrong. We spend a billion a year in that behalf, and then don't get what we contract for. When ever you see a man going up and down the earth bowling "governmA1t by the people," spot him; watch him. He's got a cloven foot somewhere about his per son, and give him time and he will show 1t.
 Morgan understood the thing. You never
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07

Japan has been remedying all this for some years, and China is rapidly changing 1t.
 In twenty-five years the population of Japan has risen from Ss,oooO00 to S,0oO,- 900, a growth of 25 per cent. In addition to this large numbers of Japanese have spread all over the Pacific. In Honolulu they outnumber any other nation; there are 13O,0O0 of them in Corea; they are scattering over China, and they are to be found in ever-rising numbers In Man churia.
 While we talk of race suicide, every man in Japan considers himself disgraced if he has not a son. From Westralia to Madagascar and from Louisiana to Sibe- ria there are new Japanese settlements everywhere.
 The same cause that had so marked and beneficial an effect in Japan-the in- troduction of western medical methods-is beginning to work in China. Today China has 40, 900 people. The people of China, Japan and Corea now number about 800, 0O0,000. At the present rate of in- crease they will before a generation IS over have added from 80,0o0,000 to 10o,00o,- O000 more to their number.
 This extra population must obtain an outlet. Japan Is already oVercroWdeu, and 1t was largely the pressure of popula- tion there that compelled it to violate it's solemn treaty promise and absorb Corea. But when Corea is overrun with Japanese and Manchuria is absorbed, what then?
 The people of Japan naturally look with eager eyes to Australia. They see there an immense continent which is still only partly settled by whie men. There are still les sthan 4000,000 white on an area of just 100000 square miles.
 In the northern territories there are 340O people on 52S,620 square miles, or only one person to every 150 square miles. To- day the Australian is driving the Kanaka out of Queensland, fearful lest Che race should deterorate by mixing of blood. He is trying by many laws to shut out yell low and brown and black men. But he is not breeding sons to people these waste millions of acres, and he is not sufficiently encouraging other white men to come III from the outside.
 Now, it is morally certain that in the future struggle for life on this planet of ours the only occupation of territory that will be respected will be that which is effective and actual. It will not be enough for a white nation to declare that stretch of land belongs to 1t, and that none other must come there. It will have to make It's occupation efficient by hold ing, by working, and, if needs be, by dghtin9-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07

IN the estimation of many English
 sportsmen a days courslng Is consid- A cred far more interesting and exeit- ins than a days horse-racing, especially when such an event as the Waterloo cup is being pulled off. Certain 1t is, there are moments in a coursing match when a person holds his breath and these mo- ments are immediately followed by others of the widest delirium.
 From the instant the dogs are slipped until the match is over, which Is gen. orally not more than three or four min- utes, every imaginable sensation seizes upon and surges through the immense throng which surrounds the little plat of ground where the course is being held and when finally the flag is raised which announces the winner veritable storm follows.
 The Waterloo cup is the great coursing match held every year in England. It occupies the same position on the calen- der of sports among owners of dogs as the derby does among owners of horses. The winning dog and the owner are both prominent figures in the columns of sport
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07
BY SAVOYARD.

have been a dazzling secretary of state. as brilliant as Disraeli and as strong as Bismarck. It was in this project Of Pan- Amercanism that Morgan's imagination would not be denied but it was always held in check by his strong common sense and sterling manhood.
 He was for an Isthman canal because he thought it necessary to the power and the welfare of the republic. He vas Tor the Nicaragua route because it was nearer and saved thirty-six hours in a voyage from an Atlantic or gulf port to a port of California, or Oregon, or Wash ington In case of war that saving of time might easily mean victory in either ocean. He labored for years on this great project. His speeches in that be- half are evidences of the mental and moral energies of the man. No one can realize how great he was unul he has read and digested those speeches and the reports on which he founded them
 And then when the work was done, when the fruit was in his grasp, It was snatched from his hand. Morgan went 10 his grave in the firm conviction that 1t was job, put up by the transcon- tinental railroads because of the thirty six hours longer sail by the Panama route. He not mealy mouthed about 1t. What his mind forged that his tongue uttered In commerce time it be- came leading factor as 1t is, and ever was in war. To the weakest understand ing and most careless observation 1t ia manifest that the transcontinental rail- roads preferred the Panama route to the Nicaraguan But the wine was drawn and, bitter as it was, Morgan quaffed 1t.
 l cannot close without mention of Mor- gan's cross s-examlnations of c. P. Hunt ington and William Nelson Cromwell. Ha did not elicit the information he was in search of but he carried moral convic- tion to every one who heard and to all who have read.
 What an advocate he must have been before a box with twelve men in 1t in q trial of a great cause at nici prius. Full lertons cross-examination of Beecher does ont eqIfsl Morgan's landings of Huntington and Cromwell.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-07

, thorough and careful support given by the German government to its nationals sink into insignicance.
 Tho foreigner who tries to establish himself in Japan finds that he is ham pered by many laws aimed at him. He cannot own land, he cannot invest in cer- tain favored industries, and he is con trolled by courts that have been con- stantly charged with favoring their own nationals
 In spite of all this. foreigners have sue ceeded in Japan. For instance, the British and American tobacco manufacturers managed to build up a great tobacco business in Toko and elsewhere. The Japanese government then passed law declaring that the manufacturing of to- bacco was @ national monopoly. The British and Americans were com pudsorily bought out; and tho Japanese government started competition with them in tho Chinese and other markets.
 But tho commercial competition of Japan is nothing to what We will have to face from China. The Japanese is an amateur trade, tho Chinese is the clever est merchant in the world. Already fac tories arc springing up all along the Yangtse valley. Once tho factory system comes into China the white worker will have & light for his life as never be- fore.
 China today fs coming into line with the west in many ways. The old con- servatism Is being thrown of, and west ern teaching and western ideas are spreading everywhere.
 China is now the greatest railway build ing land on earth. Foot-binding, the curse and torture of the Chinese woman. IS now being abolished by the Chinese themselves. The opium curse, by which tho nation seemed likely to be lulled into the sleep of decay and death, Is now being bravely fought.
 It is for us to use this moment, when China is malleable, to convince her, by our generous treatment, by our example, and by our direct teaching, that If she would initiate us she must follow not alone our commercial efforts, not alone our fighting ways, but the ideallsm, the faith and the morals that have made Eng land want sho is.
 I. for one, am not prepared to scoff at the yellow peril" But I am cer- tainly not among those who believe that we can do nothing to meet this rising world power. It is for us to ake precau- ton now; 1t Is for us to lead. as we can lead if we but rise to our opportunities, these coming people of the Pacific.
 It Is for us to see that the yellow man comes into line with the rest of the world. and that his development and prowess are allng the lines of world peace and prosper1t