davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
PAPER MILK BOTTLES.

If the plans projected by recently
organized manufacturing concern are
successful, the handling and deliver
ing of milk will be much economical.
The company, capitalized at 100000,
is installing plant near Philadelphia
for the manufacture Of a paper bottle
for the safe and sanitary delivery of
milk and expects to consume the entire
product of Maine pulp mill in the
manufacture of the bottles which are
to be turned out in three sizes, half
pints, pints and quarts, at the rate of
100000 day.
DR.. H. r. Heyl. director Of Frank
lin Institute, perfected and has patent
ed the bottle. The material from
which this container is made Is i'm
pervious to moisture and will hold
without leakage for weeks. A prin-
cipal advantage, as seen by the dairy
man, is the fact that the new bottle
will be used but once and there need
therefore be no, fear of unsanitary
handling. One objection to glass bot
ties having been that 1t Is exceedingly
difficult to sterilize perfectly without
tedious process. The bottles will be
sold at price enabling the dairy
man to buy without increasing the
cost of delivering milk, and 1t is sug-
gested that the housewife will profit
because she can utilize the paper con-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
CARE OF BROOD sows.

If you are raising sows for breed
Ing purposes, the care of them must
start-especially if they are to be bred
young-when they are weaned.
When the pigs are about three
months old, the young sows and boars
Intended for breeding purposes should
be placed in different fields. They
should be fed on good growing RAJ
| ton until they are a year old. A
good ration consists of clover or other
pasture during the season, supplement-
ed with grain ration of two-thirds
middlings and one-third corn AS the
season advances and the pasture gives
out the sows will need a little more
heat-giving food, SO increase the corn
and feed about half middlings and
half corn. They must be fed literally
in order that they may continue to
grow. With good care and feeding, a
SOW will have attained such growth
at 2 months Of age that she can safe
ly be bred.
Give your hogs plenty of room.
Many people who undertake to breed
swine, consider coinmodious hog
house necessity, but have small
yards, part of the year deep in mud
or full of snow, and the brood sow
eats and sleeps from day to day with
no exercise, and when the time comes
for the litter to arrive, if they are alive
at all, they are puny things hardly
worth the raising. Brood sows must
have plenty of exercise.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
THE WATER SUPPLY ON THE
FARM.
BY Elmina T. wilson. c. e.

BY Elmina T. Wilson, c. e.
Formerly Assistant Professor Of Civil
Engineering, Iowa State College.
For domestic purposes the water
must be clean. pure and palatable; the
essentials being freedom from disease
germs, turbidity, color, odor and taste.
SPRINGS AND WELLS - OF the
various sources of supply, springs
usually rank first, and deep wells next,
in desirability. The character Of the
water in a shallow we'll depends upon
it's past history and present environ
nent. If it has travelled long dis
tances through the soil without encoun-
tering organic impurities or taking up
Objectionable mineral salts, or If after
possible pollution it has been filtered
and purified in its travels, its quality
is probably excellent. But shallow
wells near barnyards or privy vaults
should always be regarded with sus-
picion. 1t is we'll to remember that
the price of pure water. wherever you
go, is everlasting and unremitting vigil
lance.
The danger of using the ordinary
shallow well is known to everyone. To
locate cesspoo1 and we'll on the
same small piece of ground is almost
impossible without communicating the
water. Stop water of any kind should
never be thrown near the we'll. The
top four or five feet of the we'll casing
should be laid UP in cement mortar to
prevent water flowing In without first
filtering through the ground. "A sewer
pipe or waste drain near q we'll is
dangerous because such a pipe or
drain is seldom water-tight. If a
sewer pipe must be run near a we'll,
cast-iron pipe should be used.
The carelessness that will locate the
barn on higher ground than the we'll
and take no precaution to divert the
surface drainage is almost as deplor-
able as the use of a casspool. To
keep the earth clean in the vicinity
of the water supply is of the great
est Importance, and requires constant
Iwatchfulness.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
DAIRYING FOR PROFIT
MUCH IN THE MILKING.

So far as possible, the same per-
sons should milk tt same lot Of cows.
No greater nonsense was ever promul-
gated than that all talking and
whistling should be prohibited in the
stable. The COW should be familiar
with the voice of her attendant, and
she should never hear it in other than
kindly tones. She should be called by
name, and talked to individually when
he has occasion to speak to her.
Whistling and singing to moderate
degree are not Objectionable in the
stable.
H. B. Gurler says that the cows in
vaciably fell off in their yield under
the care of certain attendant. The
man was kind. and seemed to give the
same care as others. Still, he could
not keep up the flow of cows under
his charge 1t was noticed that he
rarely spoke in the stable, and still
more rarely to the cows MIXED.
His attention was called to the fact,
and he was asked to change his meth
cd and familiarize the COWS with the
tones of his voice. He did so, and the
problem was solved. The cows had
never become acquainted with him.
Milking should be done quickly,
kindly and clearly. If a part OF the
flow is left in the udder each time,
the COW soon learns to secret just that
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
FEEDS AND FEEDING
RIGHT KIND OF A FEEDING
STEER.

The steer that will lay on fat quick
ly should have good, even back, we'll
covered with flesh along the parts
that are most valuable. The feed
ers' animal, as we'll as the beef, should
be well covered with flesh. He must
have well spring rib, large capaci-
ty for food and a strong constitution.
To have a strong constitution 1t must
have a strong heart girth. 1t must
be a nice, deep animal, well apart in
front, with a good, deep barrel, long
rib, and underline, as we'll as a
straight top line. For good feeder,
look to the head. If the animal should
have large, prominent eye, wide
nostril, good. big mouth and a nice
muzzle, you may bank on him as a
good feeder.
The handling qualities in both a
butchers bullock and feeder are
very important. The best way to
describe that is by saying "have a
skin that is firm but not hard, mel
low but not soft" Fiabbiness indi-
Gates too much fat and lack of muscle.
Get feeder with a thick, furry coat
of hair. Such hair denotes good, even
flesh. while wiry hair is a sign of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19

early attention, the loss from death
may be eliminated. In other sections
the best breeders claim, in fact this
belief prevails in all sections, that pre-
tentative measures are the best.
A new cure for this trouble is now
being advocated. 1t is the admins
tration of Lysol Ca German medicine)
and water. From twelve to sixteen
tablespoonful are added to one gallon
of water, which will be sufficient to
drench about sixteen lambs. This is
highly recommended by several Of the
leading sheep breeders as being sure
cure. Some men claim that in some
instances it is supposed to have killed
the lambs. Where the proper precau-
tons are taken, there does not seem
to be any necessity for any injurious
effects on the lambs.
In the county of Shropshire, the
home of the Shropshire sheep, I found
men who had been very successful in
combating this difficulty. Their meth
DDS We're simple and based on sound
principle. They claimed that one of
the principle things to be observed
was the condition of the lambs. Lambs
in good health and condition are much
osAOA6SAt sAAoo oSSsOA e1oAO " "oA ~ Va
parasites of any kind. The weak, thin
lambs were the most susceptible. This
being the case, they always grain fed
both ewes and lambs. In this way
the lambs made rapid growth and
were always strong and vigorous.
For this method they fed a mix
ture Of bran, peas and cohe, the cohe
being equal parts of cotton and lin
seed. The lambs were also forward
enough to be weaned about the first
of July. They were then drenched
with either turpentine and linseed oil,
or Lysol and water, whether they
Showed any symptoms of worm trouble
or not. They were drenched three
times at intervals Of about three days
between each drenching. They were
always tasted twelve hours before adj
ministering the medicine.
The above method is a good one.
1t is much easier to dispose of para
sites when they are small than after
they have reached their full size. Those
lambs which are not troubled, will not
be injured in any way by the drench-
ing, provided it is done with care.
1t is a simple and sure method of pre-
venting this much-dreaded and costly
disease. This is what each and every
American farmer can and should prac-
ltice.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19

The weight Of botl, stalk ana ear
was found to be heavier in the corn
grown from the seed just from Iowa,
but the proportion of ear. to stalk was
higher in the acclimated corn.
The Nebraska corn averaged about
zoo square inches less leaf area, which
was to be expected OF plants grown
in drier climate The yield OF grain
was in favor Of the home-g rown. seed.
Similar conclusions were indicated
from the variety tests of the twenty
two varieties that were tested by the
cooperating farmers in various parts
of the state; thirteen were Nebraska
grown, four were from Illinois, two
from Iowa. one from Indiana, and two
from Ohio.
In these experiments the significant
fact was revealed that not one of the
nine varieties, the seed OF which was
grown outside the state, ever took first
or even second place In the average
results Of the state.
These results do not indicate that
the varieties from the other states
are poorer seed than our own. Their
low yield is due to the fact that they
are not at first adapted or acclimated
to Nebraska conditions.
The lesson to be learned from this Is
that to get the best results in corr,
growing the seed must be home grown.
and grown not only in the same state,
but in the same locality.
4 A. L. LYER, Nebraska.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
CHANGE FEED SLOWLY.

Prof. Eckels Of Missouri warns farm
ers to change cows from dry feed to
grass very slowly, particularly IL the
flow of milk is large. Young, imma-
ture grass, especially in the early days
of spring, contains a large amount Of
water. Wheat and rye pasture are of
the same nature. This feed is COM
monty called "washy," and dry feed
should therefore be continued and re-
duced gradually for two weeks or more
after the cows are turned into the pas
ture, even If the grass is large enough
for feeding. Cows fed on grain while
on pasture will produce much more
milk than IL pasture alone is allowed;
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
MoLAssEs FOR HORSES.

Recent scientific tests have shown
that as a horse diet there is magic in
molasses. A horse fed molasses with
it's other food will rapidly take on solid
weight, develop muscular energy and
grow a fine, glossy coat. In addition
to such splendid results, molasses re-
duces the cost of horse maintenance
rs per cent.
Large firms employing great many
horses in the hardest kind Of contract
and truck work, find that the animals
will remain in better condition and
perform more work on diet of mo-
lasses than If fed the choicest and most
liberal allowance Of cereals.
Horses in the armies of Germany
France and Austria are being fed mo-
lasses with satisfactory results, and
in the United States artillery corps
there are enthusiastic champions OF
molasses as horse diet.
Eminent specialists have arrived at
the conclusion that good molasses is
not only a fattening and energy-pro-
ducing diet for horses, but that in
many cases it will restore ailing ami
mails to health.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
MUST YOU BUY SEED coRNa.
Then Do Not Go Away From Home
For Your Supplies. HI


When corn grown in one section, of
the country for number of years is
moved to another section where soil
and climate are different, the plant AL
ways undergoes more or less OF a.
change during the first two or three
years before 1t becomes adapted to-
its new conditions.
The definite effect OF climate in mod
flying the corn plant Is shown In the
following experiment: Seed Of two
varieties OF corn, Snowflake White and
Iowa Gold Mine, was obtained from.
Iowa and grown in Nebraska for two
years. In the third year seed was taken
from this, and seed was also obtained
from the original source In Iowa.
These were all planted in adjacent
plats at the experiment station. "A
marked difference was shown through
out the experiment between the difS-
ferent plats. In the Snowflake Whits.
variety the stalk from the seed that
had grown in central Nebraska for
two years had decreased almost foot
in height, the ear was S.S inches lower
down and the ear shank almost tive
inches shorter, while the plants from
Nebraska seed had an average OF /.
fewer leaves.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19

coarse flesh. The shoulder. should be
neat and smooth and should blend
neatly to the neck.
The shoulder should be of such
shape as to carry good deal Of flesh
in proportion to the amount of bone.
The neck is cheap meat; it is there
fore desirable that we should have a
short, thick neck fitting nicely to the
head and shoulder. The flesh should
be uniform in quality all over. The
bone should be reasonably fine and
in proportion to the size of the ami
NAL.
A similar conformation should be
looked for in the breeding animal
used for producing such steer. 1t
cannot be done with wasp-wasted, cat
manned, slab-sided, ewe-necked, mar
|row-rnuzzled, and thin-fianked cows,
especially if mated with heifer-faced
bull.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
WATER STORAGE.
Cisterns.

Sl5IOIlA6s
There are localities where the only
available water supply is obtained by
storing the water which falls from the
roof Of the house during rainy wealth
er In other places the water is SO
hard that rain water is desirable In
the laundry and bath room.
Construction-The size Of the cfstern
needed will vary with the size of the
family the length of the dry season,
and the number Of plumbing fixtures
supplied with the rain water. This
cistern may be located close to the
house for convenience and should be
built of good, hard brick, with walls
not less than inches in thickness,
laid in Portland cement mortar. The
bottom should be laid with two courses
Of brick well bedded in the cement
mortar. If the water is to be used
for drinking or for cooking, a filter
chamber should be added by building
an eight-inch, partition wall after the
bottom has been paved. This wall
should be built a little higher than the
outlet of the overflow pipe. The walls
OF both compartments should be plas-
tered with good coat of cement NOR
tar, composed of one part of good
Portland cement and two parts clean.
sharp sand, excepting ten or twelve
inches of the bottom of the parti-
ton wall (four or five courses of
brick, which are laid together
without cement) for the water
to pass through. The water from the
roof is collected in one compartment
and is pumped from the other, the
filtering material being put in the
first compartment. An overflow pipe
should be provided on the side of the
cistern which the water enters, the
opening of the overflow pipe being
fitted with fine strainer to exclude
insects or vermin. A cutoff should
be placed on the rain-water pipe lead
ing to the cistern to divert the flow
to the outside when necessary, as, for
instance, for short time at the begin
ming of the rains to exclude the dirt
collected on the roof and in the gut
tiers.
The cistern may be built of concrete
and may be either round or rectangu-
lar. The round form Is the more diff
cult to build. but it is the stronger.
Use of Pump-A small force pumr
placed at one end of the kitchen sink
with the suction pipe reaching to the
cistern, ts a convenient means of get
ting the saltwater supply If the more
expensive method of using gravtt,
tank or pneumatic tank and piping the
soft water to the sink, wash basins
and bath tub is not desired If "a
gravity saltwater tank is placed in the
attic 1T can have a direct connection
with rain-water leader which will
keep the tank full during the rain,
season This connection must be sup.
piled With an automatic cutoff which
Will send the water to the cistern wher
the attic tank is full. The force pumr
can be connected to the tank and USED
to fill it in dry seasons.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
CULTIVATION FOR PEACH
ORCHARDS,

]. H. Hale, of South glastonbury.
Conn, describes the results of an ex-
pertinent, or rather a demonstration.
In the matter of cultivating peach
trees, which is Of great interest to the
growers Of the middle west. Mr.. Hale
has contended that the plan Of mulch
ing trees is not to be recommended
for general adoption, and to show
comparative results, he had plowed a
portion of large peach orchard and
mulched the remainder.
Mr.. Hale says the test he made was
not as severe as might have been
made, for he did not give thorough
cultivation over the part tat was
plowed. He cultivated every alter
nate space between the tree rows, Sc
that only one side Of each tree was
cultivated. On the mulched portion
the clover was allowed to lie.
81 have tried the PLAN" says Mr.
Hale, "as best knew how, except, az
I say, that the cultivated trees were
cultivated only on one side, and vel
will leave it to anyone to see the
difference in the trees. Anyone car
see it in the row where the mulchet
portion ends and the cultivated por
ton begins"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19

Some people think they can have
only ferns, palms and foliage plants in
their window garden, especially If it
does not get a great deal Of sunshine.
But there are number Of plants that
will thrive in a shady window garden
and have lovely blooms all winter
long. I will mention four of these
plants: fuchsias. begonias, callas and
primroses And what is more beauti-
full than the dainty primrose? And
there are so many of the latter vari-
cites that one may have large win
dow garden Of them alone and no two
alike. With little care in watering
to see that the crown of the plant
does not become saturated to spoil
it's close clustered leaves and blooms.
the prirnroses will bloom all winter.
Give the fuchsias rest during the
early winter and they will make the
window garden lovely In the early
spring. Callas will bloom from Christ
mas until Easter and the different
Towering begonias all the winter
through.
ELLA M. JACKSON.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19
RIGHT CARE
OF HORSES

(. Active work and high feeding are
the reasons why stabbed horses require
constant grooming in spite of the
claim often made that housing Is it.
self the cause. The secretions of the
glands of the skin are greatly increas-
ed by work and the horse which Is
kept working hard requires highly
nutritious food, causing further in
crease in the skin secretions. Nature
must, therefore. be assisted by artifi-
cfal means to remove these secretions
or the pores of the skin become clogg-
ed and the animals health injured.
Grooming, or in other words, keeping
the skin clean, is not, as many sup
pose, merely important for the sake
Of appearance, but is really essential
to the health and condition Of the
domesticated animal. The hair quick
ly shows the healthy or unhealthy con-
dition of the skin. If the skin is I'M
healthy, the coat is dry and harsh, and
If the skin Is not properly cleaned, the
coat does not merely remain dirty
but the waste material, thrown out in
perspiration, is cast back into the sys-
tenn.
Grooming not only removes from
the skin particles of perspiration, dust
and dirt which would otherwise clog
and prevent the free action OF the
sweat and oil glands but removes the
scurf or worn-out cells no longer re-
CURED on the surface Of the skin,
which would, when cemented together
by particles of sweat, add to the OBJ
|struction Of the glands. In order that
grooming should be thoroughly done
with regard to these essentials, a
good bristle brush strongly applied
and well laid on, is necessity.
Both skill and hard labor are neces-
sary to produce good effects. The
groom should stand well away from
the horse and lean his weight on the
brush which, thus used, will penetrate
the coat more effectually and with less
exertion to the man than If worked
only by his muscular strength. The
principle working of the brush should
follow the natural direction of the
hair.
In cases where regular grooming is
neglected, not only is the general
health of the horse injured, but skin
diseases of more or less serious nature
may result. Mango, parasites and
lice breed rapidly when the cleanliness
of the coat and skin are neglected,
but will not attempt to obtain lodg-
ing where the pores and glands are
constantly disturbed by the use OF
the brush. The use of artificial tonics
and stfmulants for producing a glossy
coat should be avoided.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19

amount less. and thero will be cor
responding falling Off in the flow.
The same sequence of milking
should be followed each day, so that
each COW will know when her turn
comes. Attendants have probably no.
ticed that when they sit down to milk
one COW. the udder of the next one
will begin to fill and milk will often
begin to flow from the teats before
they get to her
If she is not MIXED in order, she
will manifest her displeasure by her
nervous actions, indicating disappoint-
ment. The first few streams of milk
from each teat should not be put in
the pail Bacteria gather in the end
of the teats between milkings.
These in the milk will increase with
great rapidity, often seriously injur-
Ing its quality for butter and cheese
As soon as drawn, the milk should
bss removed from the doors of the
stable. There is nothing that will
more readily absorb noxious odors
than cooling milk.
The COW is creature of habit. Ii
regularly fed before milking she will
when this order Is changed, be rest
less and often refuse to give down
her milk.
1t is better to feed after milking
If silage, at all defective. be fed be-
fore milking. the odor is likely to APP
pear in the milk. Odors from food
reach the milk in an incredibly short
space of time.
Two minutes will serve to take the
doors of food to the udder and milk
pail. If fed after milking, silage will
not, unless very bad, faint the milk
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-01-19

tanners in many ways such as for put
ting UP jelly and fruit.
The new bottle is said to be light
and compact, but very strong-suffi-
GENTLY SO to support, when filled, two
to three hundred pounds The fact
that there is no danger Of breakage
and consequent loss from that source
and that each is so light that great
number can be carried without over
load in an ordinary milk wagon, are
other advantages pointed out by the
manufacturers 1t is expected that
within short time after the new fac
tory is placed in operation, other SINH
lar plants will be installed in various
parts of the country and that the new
industry will fast become recognized
as an important and permanent one.