The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1907-02-08
REV. DIR. BISHOP ON OUR
VOLCANIC DISTURBANCES

outside with a shell of rock of a few
inches thick. Inside of the egg-shelI
is the spongy bunch of meat. In a
short time the rolling bomb breaks
open. anu the red-hot contents fall
apart. The writer has seen few OF
these bombs. perhaps ten feet long.
which had survived on the very front
OF cooled flow. In 1887, the eminent
Prof. T. d. Dana, attended by myself.
inspected one on the front of the great
clinker flow of Punaluu Part OF one
side was broken out, disclosing the
spongy clinksrs.
WHY KAHUKU Is A SEPARATE
VOLCANO.
1t Is usually admitted that Kilauea
Is separate volcano from Mokuaweo-
weo, although 1t is located on the foot
slope Of Mauna Loa, and occasional
sympathetic activity is shown between
the two great calderas, or "craters of
engulfment." Now my contention is
that the Kahuku center of activity Is
equally separate from, and Independent
of Mokuaweoweo, and should therefore
be treated as a distinct volcano.
!. So far as I am aware, there is
no evidence of there having been any
eruptive activity in Mokuaweoweo
during either of the three recent violent
outbreaks of Kahuku. dating in 1868,
1887 and 1907. There may possibly have
been some sympathetic movement In
Mokuaweoweo, but too slight to at
tract attention. There was no eruptive
smoke there nor emission Of lava
2. The distance from the Kahuku
volcano to Mokuaweoweo is over TWEEN
ty miles, or about the same as the
distances Of the separate volcanoes of
Hualalai and Kilauea.
3. The Kahuku mountain. as seen
from the sea on the southwest, stands
out as distinct mountain from Maui
ma Loa, which it completely hides. Ka-
huku is really distant shoulder of the
greater mountain whose summit is
twenty miles away from Pun Keokeo,
the summit of Kahuku. The latter is
$500 feet high, and more than ten miles
from the sea, a much larger mountain
than that of West Maui, back of La
haina. Kahuku mountain is common
ly mistaken for Mauna Loa itself by
observers from its sea-front.
Now this immense mountain mass of
Kahuku has been for ages piling up
by local eruptions, just as Hualalai has
done. and deserves to be reckoned as
an INDEPENDENT volcano.
4. The immense southern extension
of Hawaii island to the south cape,
has been derived from lava-flows from
this Kahuku center, twenty miles
north, and not from Mokuaweoweo,
forty miles away. The jurisdiction of
the latter falls far short of the South
Cape, whose parentage Is entirely from
the flows of Kahuku volcano.
5. A powerful reason for this conten-
ton is the existence Of the great Mo-
hokea volcano, long quiescent, only ten
miles east of Pun Keokeo, and exactly
twenty miles south of Mokuaweowso.
Mohokea Is one of the largest calderas
on the globe. 1t is five miles in dia-
meter, having three times the area of
Mokuaweoweo, and twice that of Hale
akala. But what confers upon Mohokea
its chief distinction Is the fact that 1t
has been the seat of one of the great
est explosive eruptions ever known. At
very recent period, probably not
much over one thousand years ago, 1t
threw out an enormous column of yell
low "ashes," which covered over one
nf "a
surrounding country with a layer of
ashes more than ten feet deep, besides
extending far over the ocean.
The close Vicinity Of the active Ka-
huku to the quiescent Mohokea entities
1t to be regarded as equally 1ndepend-
ent OF Mauna Loa volcano, although
like Kilauea, sympathetic with their
central parent. s. E. B.