davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
How LONG CAN THE DESERT
HOLD BACK THE FARMER7
Science Increasing the Tillahle Are;
Of the Semi-Arid Region-Ex.
perts Co Not Agree on What
Is this Arid Land.

One Of the most interesting contro'
versies ot scientific nature is that
which relates 70 the limit OF the
arabic iaad in the arid and semi.arid
portions 81 the western continent. 1t
is evident iaat the limits of the desert
are movable and that science is help
Tag to move the limit back at rapid
cate. But the scientists and the prac-
hcal farmers do not agree on how to
define the limits
Under the rul.ngs Of the general
land Office at Washington IL has been
held tina; where the precipitation, or
fall of rain and snow, Is less than 20
inches annually the provisions Of the
desert land act apply. In other words
any country or section where nature
has not provided at least 20 inches
of water annually is desert. 1t is in
this region of low precipitation that
the irrigation movement Is accom-
plishing so much for American agri.
culture. The government Is spending
Millions of dollars for the reclamation
of the arid lands by irrigation projects
AMI Il is estimated that when all the
water available for irrigation has
been used at least ten per cent of
the arid lands will be used.
But Is all land where the rainfall Is
less than 20 inches to be regarded as
desert? That Is a question which is
made important by the work done by
practical farmers of the west. The
plain farmers are not agreed with the
college farmers.
Prof II. T. French, Of the Universe
ty of Idaho, states that ION account of
the wonderful advancement in our
understanding of the science of soil
cultivation and soil metabolism, 1t is
possible to-day to grow crops where
a few years ago 1t was deemed an
utter impossibility." Prof. Milton
Whitney. of the United States bureau
of soils, was astonished to discover
that in California they are farming
where the rain ceases almost entirely
in the summer. Yet the scientists
have been holding fast long time
to the theory that anything less than
20 inches of rainfall means a desert
and such land can only be made by
irrigation.
Prof, w. M. Jardine. of the United
States bureau of plant industry. states
that region "is considered arid when
the total precipitation is Is inches or
less" but he has been out west look.
ing at conditions as they are and he
finds on investigation that recent in.
vestigations in dry farming, or farm
ing without irrigation, have demon
strated that paying crops can be pro
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29

distinguished. may be traced to his
answering devotion to all forms of
entertainment which carry him into
breeze and sunshine. He may not
boast shooting records comparable
with those built up in the teeming
forests of Germany and Austria; he
may not have kaleidoscope success.
sion or varying deeds by field and
Hood as studiously recorded as the
German emperor; but In a quiet, Eng.
lish way he has record as an out.
door man that will bear inspection by
the most confirmed lover of unob.
scured skies.
For 40 years the king spent all he
derived in rent from Sandringham on
improving the eState 1t has become.
therefore. an ideal home for a sports.
man. Instead OF the 5000 head of
game which it yielded annually is or
20 years ago, 1t is now good for 20, 900
bead, OF which two-thirds are pleas.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29

ly fix a limit, for the limit is de-
pendent on things other than the ac-
tual number of inches of water per
year. He has gone on demonstrating
year by year that the application OF
some common sense to the science of
SOIL cultivation and intelligent care
of the water which falls on the So
called semi-arid region. will enable a
farmer to do business year after
year.
If the practical farmers. under the
leadership of Prof Campbell, go on
rs they have in the past. encroach,ng
upon the deserts, the general land Of
flee at Washington will be forced to
revise it's rule In regard to what is
desert and what is not The 20-inch
mark is not right, as the farmers
have already demonstrated. and al
ready 1t is question whether the 10
inch mark would be any better. Ger
tain 1t is that farming Is being sue
cessfully carried on by thousands OF
farmers who are not favored by as
much as 20 inches OF precipitation
each year.
The truth Is that the desert lant
CT America Is growing beautifully les:
each year, and 1t is only a question
until 1t is all to be wiped off the map
ORA WILLIAMS
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
ESQUIMAUX DOOMED.

sins are not killing him he is dying OF
tuberculosis"
DIR. Grenfell took pains to say that
he referred to no particular explorer,
saying that while the explorer himself
may not commit peculiar crimes tho
men under him do, This statement
does not apply. however. to the Peary
expedition. for the high character of
the mes concerned in it and the rigid
rule enforced by the commander
leaves no ground for criticism. DIR.
Grenfell's criticism. therefore, does
not have to do with. the Peary EsQui-
maux. They are the last of their line,
pure children of nature. innocent Of
the vices and immoralities OF civiliza-
tion.. and $50 miles OF ice separate
them from the rest of the world. They
inhabit the Greenland northwest coast
line from Cape York. following along
Smith sound to Lady Franklin bay.
and never have been known to cross
TO the American side. They are in
every way quite dissimilar to their
degenerate brothers. the Labrador
coast Esquimaux.
81 have published census of the
Whale Sound Esquimaux in my last
book. Nearest the Pole" said Mr..
Peary, few days ago. There were
119 males. IS females and three in
fants, sex unlearned, making a total
of 207, On August 81. 1905. this tribe
numbered 253-140 males and 113 fe,
males.
The number was reduced to 17C
in 1902, when an epidemic attacked
| them. The affiiction was the white
mans affiiction, brought to them, l am
confident. over thousands of miles. by
the wind. 1t was like a fahn, a storm
IN the Alps, and 1t blew heavily from
the southeast. sweeping from the
northeast of Europe over the ice cape
OF Greenland to the Whale sound dis
trict / experienced one in Februar,'
1892. The temperature was 40 or 81
| degrees below zero when the storm
began, and in "a hours the mercury
rose to 10 above, with warm rain. w,
We're at Red Cliff House at the time
and every one OF the party. including
the EsQuimaux, was attacked with tn,
real European grip.
I'm the fall anu winter of 1895 Their,
was an epidemic of a bronchial ma
ture so | learned the following sun
mer, in which about ~ people OF tn
tribe died. Then again in 1000
} there was visitation of digestiv
, trouble.
These Whale sound Esquimaux ar
radically different from other abort,
: inals. They are purer aud healthie
: There are no mongrels among then
S There is no intemperauce
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
EDUCATED DUCKS
GEORGE TELLS OF HIS WONDER.
Full BIRDS.
But When the Washington Club Men
Wanted to See Their Tricks Their
Owner Reminded Them II
Was Sunday.

Down on the Patuxent river, a short
distance below Upper Marlboro,
George Mackenzie occupies cabin
overlooking the ST. eam, relates the
Washington Star Georsa does some
farming on a small scale and he also
has charge of the home of the Glebe
club. He boasts that he is enough of
a politician to throw the country to
either political party, but his long suit
is training ducks.
I'm the greatest duck trainer you
ever heard Of" he told gathering Of
club members and friends who as
sembled at the home of the club on
a recent Saturday night. Il have six
trained ducks, and they are just the
same as members of my family. No
money could buy them, and l want to
say if any of you accidentally kill
one of them you will have to pay me
ten dollars for him."
What is that your ducks can do?"
Interrupted one cr the listeners.
Anything | tell them" was the
earnest response to their owner. 1.-TWO
of them won't associate with the 9TH
ers while they are in the water, and
these two go cunning with me. When
we go to the river l tell them to go
away and bring me back some wild
ducks, and they do 1t. They will go
down the river and swim about until
they get some wild ducks about them,
and then they will start back to the
blind where l wait for them. Before
they get within shooting distance they
me s.e them, and when they near the
blind they will swim away in order to
get where no shot will reach them"
r do you really mean that they will
do what you say?" asked a member
of the party.
do / really mean it?" echoed the
Prince George county man. "You
watch the ducks in the morning, and
Their you will see for yourself, and
that amt all they can do. / can send
one of them to the post Office at Pig
| Point, more than mile away" he re-
sponded, land he will bring back my
| mail to me-"
Nothing more was said about the
ducks until the next morning. Then
George and the guests of the club
stood on the bank overlooking the
creek where the six ducks were sent
out. They did as their owner had
said, two of them left the four and
went down the river, the four going
in the opposite direction. George re-
lated the story of how the four duck1
would go to Pig Point and how one of
them would go to the post office and
get his mail.
And" said one of the interested
ones, "how does he bring back the
mail?"
I'm his mouth" was the response
of the trainer.
| Let me see you send him to the
post office now" suggested the for
mer.
There's no use sendlng him to-day"
said Mackenzie, because the Office
is not open on Sunday.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
ARABLE LAND LIMIT

duced in regions where the annual
precipitation is as low as ten inches
thus bringing under cultivation mil
lions of acres which up to the present
time have been considered useless ex.
cept for range purposes"
Prof. II. w. Campbell. of Lincoln,
Neb., who represents the practical
farmers in development of the best
systems of farming for the west, has
not pretended that farming could be
done with success every year on
ground with as low as ten inches Of
rainfall, but he has been for over 20
years stoutly insisting that good
farming can be done with less than
20 inches of rainfall. He would hard.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
KINGS BUSY SEASON

ants, and the remainder partridge,
snipe, woodcock and wildfowl, to say
nothing of hares and rabbits.
Mild diversion is possible at Buck
ingham palace, where. should the king
yield to the desire to cast fly, he has
now some wonderful rainbow trout in
the lake. But Of course Balmoral is
the great sporting alternative to Sand
bingham, unless his majesty be visit
ing. There he has his own golf-links.
and, during his visits, practices with
an assiduity and patience which are
a model to all choleric disciples of the
ancient game. Moreover, here he has
some fine fishing, at which, like most
Of his house. he is An adept.
1t is possible that the prince of
Wales is better shot that his sire
he Is accounted one of the best ten
shots In the kingdom-and he may fish
with rather more success than the
king, but he certainly does not excel
his majesty in zest and eager enthusi-
asm for either sport. When he was at
Chatsworth shooting early this year.
it was generally remarked that in his
enthusiasm for the sport the king real
ly seemed younger than ever.
Balmoral brings him within easy dis
lance of such Devastating as he may
desire. He learned his lessons In this
art in the best schools; and few men
of his years can, with nicer skill and
certainty, stalk and bring down his
stag.
He takes the same risks with the
rest of his fellows, and leads no
charmed existence. Early In his career
he was taught that sport has it's perils
as we'll as pleasures.
- His experience with big game In
India brought him face to face with
new and more thrilling dangers.
Six years ago his love of yachting
brought him into imminent danger of
death. While he was aboard Sir
Thomas Liptons yacht, Shamrock H.,
the boat was caught In sudden squall
and the rigging collapsed, crashing
down on the deck so near to where
the king was stationed that his escape
seemed to those who witnessed the in
cident little short of a miracle. On
another occasion, on a different craft,
the handle of windlass, being acct
dentally released. barely missed his
majesty's head.
How the king would have enjoyed
his Canadian and American expert.
ences had he then been master of the
fleet of motor cars of which he is nov
the possessor! Denied them, he mad;,
good use of his opportunities to see
the rough as well as the smooth side
of life on the American continent.
The one game the king never did
master is cricket Football he avoid.
ed, except as a spectator
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29

us are almost harmless, such as mea-
sizes. chickenpox. whooping cough. etc.
This fact puts tinge OF sadness to
every effort put forth to explore the
Arctic regions and discover the pole.
Dr. Grenfell. whose great work for
The people in Labrador has made him
known all over the world, and whose
residence In that far north country
has Afforded him opportunities Of
Studying this peculiar phase of arctic
explorations. says that there won't be
an Esquimau living in few years
unless the sending of expeditions into
the far north ceases. 1T Is not the
white mans burden. II is that of the
Esquimau, can prove that explor,
Ing parties commit awful sins against
the northern natives. The Esquimau
as race is doomed. Those that went
TO Buffalo and Chicago and the fairs
OF the white man returned to Hebron
with disease.
Il hate TO see the obliteration o
any race. The Esquimau is goinl
many times faster than your Ameri
rsu indian. and when tbs white man.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
First Complaint.


For the first time in the history Of
the interstate commerce commission
there was a complaint received there
by telegraph 1t was from the Cali
fornia Fruit Growers association.
Just what the urgency of the case
was did not appear on the face Of 1t.
though, of course. California is a good
distance off by mail, and this is close
to the shipping season for citrus
fruit. 1t was concerning the distribu-
ton of fruit cars by the Southern Pa
cific, and set out the grievance of the
association in full. There were 1,315
words in the complaint, and while, OF
course, that is not particularly long
for a newspaper dispatch over the
same distance, it is rather long for a
business communication by telegraph.
1t was, legally. a well-written COM
plaint, too, much freer from legal
verbiage- than the average complaint,
but setting forth all the facts clearly
and concisely. Just how the sigma
lures would stand " closely ques'
toned in law would be question, but
the complaint has been regularly
filed, and will be made the basis OF
action as near in the future as may be-
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
HELPED His Father.

William, aged four, had just rented
and moved into a new house with the
rest of the family, and he was deter
mined to help papa in every way pos
sible. The new house was for sale,
and it was plain to be seen that Will
liam, Sr., was much annoyed day or
two after all the family possessions
had been settled when a real estate
man brought possible purchaser on
the ground. Tactfully he suggested
that he knew of another house on the
street that was for sale, and then
came William. Jr,, to the rescue with
the statement:
yes, indeedy; I'll tell you how to
find It. 1t is the house with a cherry
tree in the yard. Don't you like cher
ries?"
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
"A NEW 500 CANAL.

was carried last season were made
into -four, and to 1t were added the
-four tonnage, the aggregate would
make 42,936,6S3 barrels. From bar
rel of flour $50 one-pound loaves of
bread can be made Estimating that
every person eats an average of one
half pound OF bread daily, this ire
mendous supply of bread would feed
21, ASS, 341, 800 people for one day; or
it would supply city of 100000
adults for period of nearly 60 yearS.
Last year 12,00O,000 tons of coal
were carried through the Detroit river
by northbound boats. Had this guam
tity of coal been transported by one
train, calculating so tons to the car
(Which would require the largest
calS), 23S,563 cars would have been
called for, and the train would have
been 2,259 miles in length.
And despite the tremendous growth
of the last two years, it is generally
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
CONTACT WITH WHITE RACE
BRINGS PECULIAR DANGERS.
Increasing Number of Exploring Ex-
petitions Multipies Chances Of
Spreading Diseases Harmless
to Us but Fatal to Them.

Arctic exploration is not only hazard
Gus and deadly to the white man. but
to the Esquimau. as well. The in
ereasing number of polar expeditions
has multiplied the chances of carrying
the diseases Of the white race among
these primitive races of the north, a
condition which threatens the gravest
disaster to the tribes which inhabit
that region. for they lack inherited
immunity from the diseases which to
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
EDWARD OF ENGLAND ENJOYS
OUTDOOR SPORTS.
An Ardent Apostle Of Fresh Air and
Activities as Is President Roose-
Welt, Whose Penchant In That
Direction Is Noteworthy.

His new steam turbine yacht may
be said to complets the equipment Of
King Edward of England as an cut
door man. There Is not single
phase Of open-air recreation in which
he does not share, either as an active
participant or as one particularly IN
terested. Possibly his wonderful phys
ical fitness and mental alertness, and
that suavity and tact for which he Is
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
Poor FelIowl

Tea time at the club. my hus-
band" said a little thing with golden
neutrality-suspicious. are those new
sausage-shaped curls-"my husband is
a selfmade man." Mine" And the
speakers grim lips relaxed in smile.
"-mine was made to order" Above
the tinkle of the tea things sounded
the heartiest applause.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-08-29
rnn Munh tn Exnect.

They tell this one about small
boy who lives near Bean lake, He
was fishing, and his mother had to call
him five times to make him hear,
Finally, she landed on him, and shak'
ing him in a terrible manner, wanted
to know why he did not answer Thls
was his replyi Il didn't hear you the
first three times. and the last time ]
had bite."-Kansas City Star.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-07-12
TOO ANXIOUS
TO OBTAIN HIS
vALISE AND GO

Ed Kopha, the badly battered fol-
lower of Bacchus who was arrested a
couple of days ago for frightening
some women, was brought before
Justice Cartwright again yesterday
His honor carefully read the COM
plant and fully explained to Kopha
his rights as far as obtaining coun-
sci and having a speedy and public
trial were concerned.
Now that Yan'Ne heard the COM
plant" said the justice, what s
your plea?'
Il gel ny valise,' he replied. as
he started FOR the Jail.
No. you're not COINS row." said
Constable Gilbert
Were You drnnk?.' asked the
court.
Yes. | get my yalise. repeated
the defendant.
did you drink whiskey?" in
quired the constable.
mo, | drink beer" replied Kopha.
Il drink lots of him. l get my val
Use now"
Il guess you had better go back
to jail for ten days" said Justice
Cartwright
And Constable Gilbert escorted
him to the Jail and his valise
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-07-12
SOLD TWO HUNDRED
ELY WITCH At 81

Two hundred shares of Ely Witch
sold on the open board last night at
ST. Five hundred Ely Jackpot went
for Sc and 100 Ely Bonanza Copper
at 53c. All told 500 shares were dis
posed of for 1928. The quotations
We're as follows:
A. n. NJ. & P, $2.35 bid SO asked /,
Blackhorse Phoenix, &c bid, lie
asked; Blackhorse Gold Treasure.
ID Lee bid, l ; LIE asked; Butte
Ely, $3.50 bid, $3.50 asked; Boston
Ely, $2.32 bid, $2.72 asked: Cumher-
land Ely, 500 bid $3.50 asked.
Dolly Warden Copper, 22c bid 23c
asked; Ely Jackpot. Z 1-2c bid g"
asked; Ely Con. $1.09 IL bid, Sill
asked; Ely Central. $40 bid, s. s.
asked; Ely Bonanza Copper, So LIE
bid, So lie asked; Ely Resurrection,
Ace bid. 44c asked; Federal Ely. lie
bid, roc asked; Giroux, $50 MD, 50
asked; Mechanically, IS lie bid,
90c asked; Nevada Con-, s14.20 bid.
SIS asked; Pittsburg Ely, 10 LIE
bid. lie asked; Rochelle. $3.50 bid,
$3.50 asked; Robinson, 55c asked !;
Ely Jumbo, 8 lie bid, lie asked.
Open Board-Ely Witch, 200 at
81
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-07-12
ACTIVITY OF
SOME OF THE
LOCAL MINES
Drift From The Rising Sun Has
Again Encountered the Same
Rich Chute of Ore.

Grant Snyder, manager of the Ely
Consolidated company, is expected in
Salt Lake today from the property at
Ely. Mr.. Snyder has informed the
local offices of the company that the
drift being sent out from the Rising
Sun shaft has again encountered the
same rich chute of ore recently had
on the surface and at some depth in
the shaft. AS the working descended
however, the dip of the vein carried
1t beyond the shaft, SO the drift in
finding it where expected has been
productive of much qualification to
those who are at the helm of this
popular Salt Lake organization.
1t was from the Rising Sun shaft
that the Ely Consolidated company
extracted the first shipment of rich
red metal rock that was ever sent
out from Ely to the smelters. 1t
provided a sort OF revelation for
those whose opinions of Ely and its
copper possibilities had been based
upon values much lower than those
shown by the shipment. While Mr..
Snyder has informed the local Of
fees that the drift is being showed
through fine punches of copper ore,
no details regarding the same will
be obtaiaable until his arrival today.
The companies at Ely are getting
down to hard work again after the
Fourth of July vacation, and as the
Rising Sun workings are among the
most interesting and significant in
the camp of Ely, the Ely COnsoli-
dated company naturally win push
the work ahead with much vigor.-
Salt Lake Tribune,
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-07-12
LABOR TROUBLE AT
THE SEVEN TROUGHS.

At the present time the Seven
Troughs district is going through its
first labor agitation. Many rumors
are out regarding strikes, etc, and
no doubt the camp will suffer from
some of the reports. The Tribune
does not wish to publish aught but
facts and so states what we UNDER
stand to be the facts.
1t was understood Saturday that
the miners had, by action in union
meeting. decided to strike on Mon
da! for fiat rate of SIS per day for
all men working under ground. The
mine owners and operators, hearing
of this intention, forestalled the
strike by closing all work down Sat-
nrday night. While this affects quite
few of the mines in the district,
1t does not affect them all for many
are working on their own properties
or leases and some had been paying
the scale demanded. The Kinder
garten and Fairview, known as the
Friedman properties, have both
closed down. throwing about 1875
men out of employment. The Manu.
ma Hills are working right along.
The Seven Troughs Buckhorn has
closed down temporarily There is
no doubt that the business interests
of the district are affected to some
extent, but not to the extent that
some may fear.
1t is the general hope that this
shutdown" is only temporary and
that the difficulty between the en-
ployees will soon be adjusted and
that the development of the camp
will go right ahead on a basis that
will be inst to all.-Lovelock Trib-
une.