Arizona republican., 1907-09-01

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 His first visi. to Greece and the Tro- jan plain was made in the summer of 1868, when he recognized that there were grounds for doubt concerning the location of Hum. He saw that the accepted site was too far from the Hell lespont and that the pursuit of Hector by Achilles thrice around the walls would have occupied at least nine hours, which would be an absurdly long time.
 To satisfy himself he hired five workmen and began excavations, lit- tie dreaming that they would continue for a score of years, with hundreds of men. until the reality of Troy and the Identification of the Homeric land marks would be determined and ac- cepted by the scholars of the world. At the suggestion of Frank Calvert, ia an American. who owns a large estate upon the Trojan plain, Dr. Schliemann returned in April, 1870. and the Amer ican minister at Constantinople ob- tained permission from the Sultan for extensive explorations. which were conducted with great care and lthoroughness.
 Tn order to bring Troy itself to light" as Dr. Schliemann himself wrote, he felt bound to dig down to the nat:ve rock. naturally, but unfor- tunately. believing that the Homeric Hum of 5000 Years ago would be found at the very bottom. For who could have preceded the dynasty of Priam? Was not Dardanus. founder of this dynasty, the son of Zeus him. self?
 ' He was soon convinced, however, | that the lowest layer of remains was from a settlement far more primitive than the Homeric city.
 [ After the first broad trench had been cut he did not allow his men to dig below the remains Of the second city. which bare clear indications of having been destroyed by fire, and which he identified with the Homeric Hum. Hehe he brought to light town walls and massive towers. with a com ' plicated mass Of lesser ruins 1 Later he believed the third city from the bottom to have been the llium of Homer; but below it, in the remains of the second city from the bottom, he found in a wooden box a copper key. rich collection of gold cups and orna- , ments. which he believed to have been abandoned by the bearer, who was talk , ing it to a place of safety at the time the place was destroyed.
 | This was promptly called "the treas ure of Priam." for during his early ex- cavations Schliemann had a strong ! tendency 10 ascribe to some Homeric l hero each important article that was : found. Other gold ornaments were fr., l.,- , to the explorer and later eight or nine other treasures" were discovered which served to justify Homer's lines concerning the wealth of Hum. | Ultimately Schliemann was obliged to admit that the culture of the early age represented by the ruins did not agree with that depicted in the Hom- eric poems. The civilization Homer described. he confessed, was later by 1 centuries than that brought to light in the excavations and he returned to his original view that the second city from the native rock was the actual , Hum.
 Schliemann continued his excava- tions to August, 1890. and expected to renew them the next spring and carry them to completion with the aid of Dr. William Dorofeld. who has been now for a score of years the distinguished head of the Athenian branch of the German Archaeological Institute and the highest authority on Greek archi- lecture. but he died in Naples in De- cember. 1890.
 Mme. Schliemann loyalty and gen. erously carried out the plans of her husband, whose companion and helper she had been throughout the earlier and more laborious and exhaustive ex- plorations. by providing means for an- other summers work. which in 1893 was conducted by pr. Dorpfeld.
 He demonstrated the exceedingly in teresting and unexpected fact that the Homeric Hum was neither the second nor the third city built on the same site. but the sixth from the bedrock, or the third layer as reckoned from the present surface from above. That Schliemann should have died just be- fore this great discovery was pathetic The German emperor granted the money necessary for the final excava- tions.
 Prof. Seymour defines the nine suc- cessive cities which were built one up- on the ruins of another during a period of 5000 years as follows:
 l. Lowest. most primitive settle ment of the Neolithic age. (3000 to 2OOO 3. C-?)
 2. Prehistoric fortified city. with strong walls for defense. and large houses of sun-dried bricks. Thrice destroyed and rebuilt. With many ob- jects of bronze, gold. silver lapis la gulf and crystal. Supposed by pr. Schliemann to be the Homeric Troy. (2500 to 10000 B. CD
 3. 4 and 5. Three historic village settlements on the ruins of the second city-verv probably of the same race as that Of the inhabitants of the second city. Dwellings built of small stones and sun-dried bricks. (2000 to 1900 B. CD
 6. The Homeric city. A fortified town of the "Mycenaean age" with ststant:al walls and a great tower. Large houses of well-wrought stone. Developed monochrome pottery and 'Mycenaean" vases. (150O to 1000 E. CD
 '. Two pre-Hellenic village settle ments with simple stone dwellings and