davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
Application for Liquor
License.
State of Minnesota, %
County of ST. Louis 90

OUdte ol MINNESOTA, CO
County of st. Louis.
Notice is hereby given that appli-
cation has beeh made in writing to
the city coufa4fof the city of Ely and
filed in the Office of the city clerk
praying for a license TO sell intoXica-
ting liquors for one year commencing
July 1st, 1907, and terminating June
30, 1908, and TO the following named
person, viz:
MATH KAPSCH,
in the lower front room Of the build
ing situated on lot l, block I, Original
Plat of Ely.
Said application will be heard and
determined by said city council at the
council cham bers in the city hall in
said city. county and state. on Tues
day the End day of July, 1907.
Witness my hand and seal of said
city this 10th day of June, 1907.
GA 6-2l IL. WHITE, City Clerk.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
TIMBER LAND. ACT JUNE 3. 1873.
Notice for Publication.
United States Land Office. Duluth.
Mimi

Notice for Publication.
United States Land Office. Duluth.
MINI.
November oath, 1906.
Notice is hereby given that in COM
pliance with the provisions of the act
of Congress of June 3, 1873. entitled
"An act for the sale of timber lands in
the states of California, Oregon, Neva-
da and Washington Territory" as ex-
tended to all the Public Land States by
act of August 4. 1892.
Dexter @. Hewitt, of Duluth, county of st.
Louis. State of Minnesota. has this day filed
Ia this Office his sworn statement No. 11445,
for the purchase of the VIZ of the NEN &
the E1l Of the NWA OF Sec. II, TIP. go. X. II w.
And will offer proof to show that the
land sought is more valuable for its
timber or stone than for agricultural
purposes, and to establish his claim
to said land before the Register and
Receiver at Duluth, Mimi. on Friday,
the 9th day of August. 1907.
He names as witnesses: George II. Cleary,
William Saurs. j. hurry Johnson and
AdOlph Miller, all of Duluth, Mimi.
Any and all persons claiming adversely the
abOye-described lands are requested to file their
claims In this Office on or before said 9Th
day of August, 1907.
J. C. HERMAN ENGEL,
Register.
Park. Atty, 5-24 7-I9
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
TIMBER LAND. ACT JUNE 3. 1873
Notice for Publication.
United States Land Office,
Duluth Mimi

May Dist. 1907.
Notice is hereby given that in com
pliance with the provisions of the act
of Congress of June 8, 1878, entitled
An act for the sale of timber lands in
the States of California. Oregon, Ne
vada, and Washington Territory" as
extended to all the Public Land States
by act of August A, 1892.
John Linueck, of Ely. county of st. Louis
State OF Minnesota, has this day filed in this
office his sworn statement No. 1924. for the
purchase of the NWA of NWA of Sec. IL &
NE4 OF NEA of Sec. ii & SWA of SW4 OF
Sec. 4 SEA of SEA of Sec. Bin Up. 60 n. X.
IA w. 4th D. M. and will offer proof to show
that the land sought is more valuable
for its timber or stone than for agri-
cultural purposes, and to establish his
claim to said land before Geo. Wescott, U.
). Commissioners at his office in Ely, Mimi.
on Friday the 9Th day of August, 1907,
He names as witnesses: Edward Lindbeck.
Ed. Robinson, Steve BanoveE and Erick
Runquist all of Ely. Mimi.
Any and all persons claiming adj
verSely the above described lands are
requested to file their claims in this
Office on or before said 18th day of August,
1907.
]. c. HERMAN ENGEL,
Register.
81 So
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
TIMBER LAptD, ACT JUNE B, 1873.
Notice. Tor Publication.
United States Land Office. Duluth,

May 10Th 1907
Notice is hereby given that in COM
pliance with the provisions of the act
of Congress OF June 3, 1878, entitled
AN act for the sale of timber lands in
the states of California. Oregon. Neva-
da and Washington Territory" as ex-
tended to all the Public Land States by
act of August 4. 1892.
Andrew Koski of Ely county of st. Louis
state of Minnesota, has this day filed in this
office his sworn statement No. 1898. for the
purchase of the NWA of NEA of Sec. No. ii
Up. No. 63 N, II. No. IL w. 4th p. M.
And will offer proof to show that the
land sought is more valuable for its tim
Der and stone than for agricultural pur-
poses, and to establish his claim to said
land before Geo. Westcott. U. S. Commits
sioner. at his Office in Ely. Mimi. on Friday
the 9th day of August. 1907.
He names as Witnesses: Mikki Somero,
Jacob Neimi Elof Alfalfa. Emil Leino. all OF
Ely Mimi.
Any and all persons claiming ad-
versely the above described lands are
requested to file their claims in this Of
fee on or before said 9th day of August. 1907.
J. c. HERMAN ENGEL,
Register.
5-S1 1886
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
Notice for Bids
Ely, Mimi, May %, 1907.

Ely, Mimi, May %, 1907.
Sealed bids will be received by the
City Council of the City of Ely,
Mimi, up TO and including June 18th,
1907. at s o'clock p. M, for painting
the City Hall. Warehouse and Water
Tank, as per specifications on file in
the Office OF the City Clerk.
Council reserves the right to reject
any and all bids.
Mark same "Bids for Painting" and
send to undersigned.
L. j. WHITE,
5-24 GA City Clerk.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
H. L. SHEPHERD,
AttOrn lv
TIMBER LAND, ACT JUNE 8, 1873.
Notice for Publication.
United States Land Office,
Duluth Mimi

TIMBER LAND, ACT JUNE 8, 1873.
Notice for Publication.
United States Land Office,
Duluth, Mimi,
December Sth, 1906.
Notice is hereby given that in COM
pliance with the provisions OF the act
of Congress of June 3, 1878, entitled
An act for the sale of timber lands in
the States of California, Oregon, Ne
vada. and Washington Territory" as
extended to all the Public Land States
oy act of August 4. 1892
Margaret Rine. of Duluth, county of st.
Louis, state of Minnesota, has this day
died in this office her sworn statement No.
I5l6. for the purchase OF the N Wa VI SEA
u ER of NWA Il NEA of SWA of Sec. ~. in
Tp 6U X III. W., 4th p. III. and will
offer proof to show that the land sought
as more valuable for it's timber or stone
chan for agricultural purposes and to
establish her claim to SAID land before
the Register and Receiver at Duluth. Mimi,
ON Tuesday the 18th day OF August, 1907.
She names as Witnesses: William Quinn,
Peter McAlpine, Miles McAlpine and Miles
Porter all of Duluth, MINI.
Any and all persons claiming adj
verSely the above-deScribed lands are
requested to file their claims in this
office on or before said 18th day of August.
1907.
]. C. HERMAN ENGEL.
Register.
5-31 1928 H. L. Shepherd Atty
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
Notice for Bids

Sealed bids will be received by the
Village Council of the Village of Fall
Lake. Mimi, up to and including
June l1th, 1907. at O'Clock p. M, for
building house 16x50 feet x S-foot
studding.
The council reserves the right to
reject any or all bids.
CHAs. G. NILSSON.
5-3l 81 Recorder
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
Application Liquor
License.
State of Minnesota.
County of St. Louis. oo

State of Minnesota. lss
County of st. Louis. %
Notice is hereby given that application has
been made i'm writing to the city council of
the city OF Ely and flied in the office of the
city clerk praying for a license to sell intoX-
icating liquors for one year commencing
Jdly LIST. 1907 and terminating June
30, 1908 and to the following named per-
son, viz:
NJ f. SKALA
in the lower front room of the building Sit
uated ON lot block 8 Whiteside'S addition
to Ely.
Said application will be heard and deter
mined by said city council at the council
chambers i'm the city hall in said city. coun-
ty and state, on Tuesday the I'd daY of
July. 1907
Witness my hand and the seal OF said city
this 10th day of June. 1907.
6-l4 6-21 III WHITE. City Clerk.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14
TIMBER LIND, ACT JUNE 3, 1873.
Notice for Publication.
United States Land Office. Duluth
Mimi

OhltS0 0IdtCS Adh0 OAlCCs DQlQtu
MINI.
November 18th. 1906
Notice is hereby given that in COM
pliance with the provisions of the act
of Congress Of June 8, 1878. entitled IAN
act for the sale of timber lands in the
states of California. Oregon. Nevada
and Washington Territory" as extend
ed to all the Public Land States by act
of August 4. 1892.
Carl Christensen. of Monteviedo, county OF
Chippewa, State of Minnesota, has this day
filed in this Office his sworn statement No.
1l4ll, for the purchase of the Ma of SWA &
SEA OF SWA OF Sec. 70 & NEA of NWA of
sec. 20 Township 81 N, range IL w.
And will offer proof to show that the
land sought is more valuable for it's tim
Der or stone than for agricultural pur-
poses, and to establish his claim to said
land before the Register and Receiver
of this office at Duluth, Minnesota, on
Wednesday the 18th day of July. 1907.
lie names as Witnesses: John ThorStensOn
OF Duluth. Mimi, TOSten M Peterson and
Gilbert Anderson of Montevideo, Mimi, and
Peter Myhre of Benson, Mimi.
ANY and all persons claiming adverse
ly the above described lands are re-
uuested to file their claims in this
Office on or before said 18th day of July. 1907.
J. O. HERMAN ENGEL.
o-50 I'd Register.
B. N. JOHNSON & SON. Attys.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14

5-31 1928
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-06-14

e. 81
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16
WHAT The KIDNEYS no
Their Unceasinp Work Keeps q
Strong and Healthy.

All the blood In the body passes
through the kidneys once every three
minutes. The kidneys filter the blood
They work night and day. When
healthy they remove about 800 grains
OF impure matter daily, when unheal.
thy some part OF this Impure matter IA
left 10 the blood. This brings ON
many diseases and symptoms-pain 10
the back, headache. ners BUSINESS, hot.
dry skin, rheumatism, gout, gravel
disorders OF the eyesight and hearing,
dizziness, irregular heart, debility.
drowsiness, dropsy, deposits In he
urine, etc. But " you keep the filters
right you will have no trouble With
your kidneys.
Henry oglcsby, veteran and mali
sarrier nj the Soldiers Home, Bcn.
nington, says: "My satisfactory ex
perience with Doan's Kidney Pills
leads me 10 pronounce them the best
kidney remedy ever used. The good
reports heard about them induced me
10 20 10 = -. Hydc's drug store aud
yet them. The results obtained In my
case prove hat they are a mort valua
Ole remedy and wort OF all the
praise given them"
For sale By all dealers. Price 90
cents. Fostcr.Milburn CO., Buffalo,
New York, sole agents for the United
States.
Remember the DoAn's-and
take no other.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16

A healthy man IL n king In his own
right; an unhealthy man 10 en- uphap
by slave. Bnrdock Blood Bltters
build up sound health--kcep you we'll.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16

We have no reason 10 doubt the
claim made by Democratic CORES
pondent OF the Banner 10 today's Is
sue that the Republicans are mostly to
blame for the imposition OF party pol.
tiles In town aud village affairs. Be-
Ing the majority party their organized
appetite Is undoubtedly the bigger but
that does not affect the correctness OF
the Banners argument which was aim.
ed Just as much at one party as the
other. But the question Is soon TO be-
put to a practical test There are three
party organizations 10 town and the
three party caucuses are 10 be held 10
night and Monday night. We have at
present a nOn.pariisan town board
made up Of one straight Republican,
one straight Democrat aud one Inde.
pendent or FusIobist. This board has
made an exceptionally good record 10
the interest OF the town and its mem
bers are willing 10 succeed themselves.
From our little corner We are watching
With interest TO see how many Of the
three party caucuses will renominaie
the old non.partisan board and how
many will seek 10 take advantage Of
the local situation to build up their
own little house OF schemes for the
benefit Of their own henchmen or 10
pay OF old scores.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16

Il Is pleasure 30 tell our readers
about a cough Cure like DIR Shops.
For years Dr. Shoop has fought
against the use VI Opium, Chloroforn.
or other unsafe ingredients commonly
found la Cough remedies Df Shoop,
" seems. has welcomed the Pure Food
and Drug Law recently enacted, and
he has worked along similar lines
many years For nearly 10 years DIR
Shops Cough Cure containers have
bad a warning printed on them agains,
opium aud other narcotic polsons. lie
has thus made u possible for mothers
% protect their children by simply 10.
sisilng on having Or Shops Cough
Cure. Sold By Joseph 81. Ayres.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16
NOW WITH CONGRESS
President and Californians
Agree as to Japanese.
ROOTS BILL TO KEEP COOLIES OUT
immigration Bill Amendment VIII
satisfy Neutrality-suspicious. May
Agree 10 Separate
schooIs.

WASHINGTON, Feb. IA. = Mayor
Schmitz and the members OF the Cali
fornia school board had conference
with President Roosevelt, and on leav-
ing the White House Mayor Schmitz
stated that he had no doubt the presi-
dent and the California delegation
would reach a complete agreement on
the Japanese question.
He stated that the action of the con
ferees on the immigration bill went
very far toward satisfying the Cali
fornians, but that there were two or
three other matters they had In mind
which he thought would be satisfac-
torily cleared up.
The Japanese school controversy is
thus settled In so far as President
Roosevelt, Mayor Schmitz and the
members OF the San Francisco school
board are concerned. and an amicable
adjustment OF the question now rests
with congress.
II the amendment 10 the immigration
! bill proposed by Secretary Root ex-
Guiding foreigners who use their pass.
ports 20 secure admission 60 the Unit.
cd States TO the detrlmcnt Of labor
conditions In this country" Is accepted
by the senate and house and the iinmi.
grafton bill IL passed nj this session Of
congress the san Francisco board Of
education will resclnd It's order estab-
fishing the oriental schools unless tho
japanese government agrees to prop.
osItlon for separate schools which viii
provide equal facilities for the Japa.
ncsc children.
Mayor Schmltz and his associates nj
the conference assured the president
that The amendment 90 the immigra.
ton bin wis entirely satisfactory 20
them. Secretary Root participated In
/ the conference aud made n report ON
his negotiations with the Republican
leaders In congress and the Japanese
ambassador While Mayor Schmitz
and the members 81 the school board
are Silll hopeful that Nlscount Aokl.
the japanese ambassador. will agree 10
separate schools In California they
stand willing 10 resclnd the order cs'
tabllshlng the oriental schools and
again admit Japanese children TO the
white schools
Mayor Schmltz pointed out 90 Prcsl.
dent Roosevelt aud Secretary Root the
advantages that win be gained by the
Japanese children II the oriental
schools are maintained and expressed
willingness 10 give the japanese
equal educational facilities 10 thosc
given o. the white children u san
| Francisco
n the japanese government will
agree 10 this proposition the school
board will establish a sufficient mum.
her of oriental schoolhouses 60 accom-.
modaic the japanese and viii give the
children Individual instruction. Mayor
Schmitz snys that the Japanese make
faster progress IN the oriental schools
than they do In the white schools aud
that In the mixed schools the japanese
only rctari the progress q the white
children.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16
sRAsHEAas PROPHECY.
PittsburR Astronomer EoretoId n
Unique Electrical storm.


PITTsBURG, Feb. is. - The most
phenomenal atmospheric disturbance
ever Witnessed In this city occurred at
1862 yesterday, when In the midst OF
an extraordinary heavy blizzard sew
eral peals OF loud thunder were heard
and a vivid fash Of lightning came
from the heavens, causing magnih.
cent complication of atmospheric con-
ditions and frightening many persons
who saw the remarkable occurrence.
Professor John A. Brashear of the
Allegheny observatory. who announced
through the press on Wednesday night
the discovery of one OF the greatest
sun spots ever found aud who then
predicted an electrical disturbance for
yesterday, when seen again regarding
the phenomenon said.
"Tlle disturbance shortly after noon
was the most remarkable thing have
ever known. In view OF the gigantic
sun spot expected an electrical dis.
turhance some time during the day. |
thought, however, II would take the
form OF the aurora borealls or that tel
eguph and telephone communication
would be seriously affected.
"Instead the disturbance was awe
inspiring and terrible TO those who OBJ
served II. From an Official standpoint
can. say nothing definite regarding
the matter owing to my Inability now
10 see the sun on account OF the severe
snowstorm. II | had seen the sun !
could have studied the exact cause OF
the disturbance and probably made a
comprehensive statement
"As II II now do not want 10 stand
sponsor for any statement concerning
the phenomenon. Unofhcially. However,
Il was very remarkable. considering
the low temperature at the time.
AT noon the great sun spot which is
1850 miles long AMI $4,000 miles
Wide. covering an area of 3.5i0.OOO,-
0uO square miles. was directly facing
the earth. This spot Is very active
Taking these facts into consideration,
Il d not hard for one 20 stretch their
Imagination aud connect the cause OF
the disturbance with the sun spot
Then again there Is white line about
10000 miles long running through the
spot. and In nay belief this white line
Is responsible for the disturbed condi
lions here and any additional phcnom
ena which are very apt 20 follow"
In Allegheny city the disturbance
caused an interruption TO all the police
aud hre alarm signal systems The
temperature IN this city fell - de-
grecs. with the expectation Of zero
conditions today
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16

An exchange says; This is peculiar
world. One Is struggling for justice
and another is fleeing from 1t. one
man is saving TO build a house and
another is trying to sell his for less
than cost to get rid OF IL. One man is
spending all the money he can make in
taking a girl to a theatre and sending
her flowers, with the hope OF making
her his wife while his neighbour is
spending what gold he has Ia getting
divorce. One man escapes all the
diseases that flesh is heir to aud gets
killed on the railroad. Another es.
capes with scratch and dies with the
whooping cough. one man stands of
his creditors and goes travelling while
another pays his debts and stays al
home.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16

Group can positively be stopped In
minutes No vomitlng-nothing 70
sicEen or distress your child. A sweet
pleasant and safe Syrup, called DR.
Shops Cough Cure, does the work
and does II quickly. DR. Shoop',
Cough Cure II for Group alone remom
ber. II does not claim 10 cure n doEer
ailments. It's for Group, that's all.
Sold by Joseph NJ. Ayres.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16

Does Coffee disagree with your Prob.
ably u docs Then try DIR Shoe p's
Health Coffee. Health Coffee" II q
clever combination Of parchcd cereals
and nuts. Not n grain OF real Coffee,
remember. IN Or Shops Health Cot
fee, yet lls flavor aud taste matches
closely old Java and Mocha Coffee. II
your stomach, heart or kidneys can't
stand Coffee drinking, try Health
Coffee. II IL wholesome, nourishiDg
and satisfying. It's safe even Tor The
Youngest child. Sold by Joseph NJ.
Ayres.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16
NOTICE.

! vial tell any one how to get the
most Infallible. up.to-date Means
of recovery from Any diseased or
Devitalized condition; or how to get
instructions imparting Absolute Mas
terry Of Disease. in the simplest. cas-
lest manner. in self or others. in
from a few minutes or hours.
The latest discoveries make every
disease needless.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16
FRANK B. HOWE. Editor and Publisher
The ST Adams Messenger dlscIaims

The st Adams Messenger disclaims
any intention OF booming George II.
Prouty for the governorshlp next year
and as the Messenger Is always truth
full and sincere we are bound TO take II
at Its word. II Is evident, however,
that an effort Is being made TO push
the Lieutenant Governor for the first
place next year and the position OF the
Messenger as the mouthplece Of the
administration makes IL liable TO be
misunderstood when II labors SO siren.
uously as II has to prove that the pro-
motion OF lieutenant governor is
perfectly proper. II Is difficult to al
ways distinguish the official promul.
CATION from the purely academical ar.
gument on an abstract proposition.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16

We, the undersigned, do hereby agree
70 refund the money on 20 cent boltl,
OF Green's Narrated Syrup Of Tai
II II falls 10 cure your cough or cold
W alsogusrantse a - cont bottle "a
prove satisfactory or money refunded,
Shurtlef Pharmacy J. 81. Ayres
ID. A. Ward u. A. Quinlan
Bennington.
q. II. Eoughton, A. s. Hathaway,
North Bennington,
q. II. h A. p.Eawklns, So. SALISBURY
q. Y. Adams. Il -llngton,
Il " WJVuwS rth o. +. Adams a Co.
East AriinptIn
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16
"CHARLEs y. HUGHEs"
ns.ss.a Dead. VIE p,irs.

NEWARK. y. J.. Feb. While
Mrs. Joseph Murphy lay critically III
In a hospital her husband. nm employee
OF n travelling theatrical company. died
In n medical retreat near by. The cou.
pie lived In Rochester. y. Y. Both
were taken III here n few days ago
Murphy with typhoid fever and his
wife with dlnhlhsr ria.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16
RoosgvGlTs' SYMPATHY.
Ex-Governor niEsin. Hurried 80 oiesn
To-day.

OLEAN, y. Y. Feb. 1.-THE funeral
services Of Ex-Governor Higgins were
held here today NJ o'clock. The Rev.
Dr. James W. Aston. rector OF 81 Ste.
phan's church. which Mr.. Higgins NJ.
tended for twenty years. oficiatci.
Messages of coincidence and sympa.
thy Tor Mrs. Frank " Higgins. wl,low
Of the late ex-governor. have been re-
ccivcd from all parts % the country.
Men high In public life Join In OK.
pressing their sorrow NJ the loss ~ a
friend. a loyal and upright citizen and
an honorcd public Official
Among the kilograms received were
the following:
pray Accept our profound sympa.
thy. You know the affection aud re-
gard We felt for your husband We
vnlucd him NJ a loyal friend. We r..
specicd him az ono 81 our most M.
right and useful 81 public servants the
state ~ New York has had.
EDITH AND THEODORE RoosE-
WELT"
1t l. with profound sorrow that I
have learned Of the death of Governor
Higgins. Permit me 90 expires. 20 you
my sincere sympathy and the hope
that you viii end strength 20 sustain
you In your great afiilction.
CHARLES y HUGHES"
Governor Hughes. former Governor
David n. IIlli. Lieutenant Governor
Lewis stuyyesant Chaulcr. supreme
Court Justice NJ. linn Bruce. who was
lieutenant governor with Governor
Higgins. and n Joint committee repre-
scnting the two houses OF the legisla.
turc came from Albany on a special
train 20 attend the funeral.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16

CO. CT q INA.
B.sr.. lIh 1ad Ya II,M Lnsu Duo
''', . &1HAzIZx
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1907-02-16
CONSUMPTION NOT HOPELESS

a lltIic book on this subject has re
emily been issued b. the Los Angeles
olive 0rovers' Association At Los
Angeles, Cailf0rnia. THIS book tells
zone tsry iniefsttirg and starting things ard
~ t.sl = suuan iaentc iu fatof 81 the use u
pare Olive uu IN the tfsatn cnt % wasting dis
cae-s. ttook No y nay b. had on REQUEST