davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17
BOARD OF EDUCATION LECTURES.
New Courses in the Borough Of Manhattan
in Coming Week.

During the closing weeks OF the present month
opportunities for adul. education by means OF
FREQ lectures provided by the Board OF Education
Will be extended by that board. In Manhattan
alone four new courses have been arranged one %
which will begin during the coming week. The
following the more important OF the lectures
scheduled for the coming week.
surday-"CaIlfornia by 7 Rogers Mount at Publ,
School s.. No PIG Eas; 10th streel
clinton High s1hoo. Tenth avenue ana 5sJh
PScso- Pebel " Pr.nss a, Pb SSessT 5oo, Is -e y
street ana First Avenue Tue Treatment Or Broken
~ Public school las Avenue \ and 57Jh street The
81 SO 4ih stJSet near TENTH avenue .cireai
Noveiis;s. pickei,s.' by pr. William Bayasd Hale at
Tuesday.-'stua,es in Musical ATT Gy br Henry
G. M1nchCtt a Wsdetsh high school li5[h street ana
s Schmidt AZ fu6ac School iep A4ge oy Mis anna ANA
SGry az Museum o, a;Era His,ery t7th street and
r Van Iaer at public Library. No. Ics West isSt6
s,y Wsaaes9 la , rs,Fo:uq Fields OF United
Hebrew Association Hal YEA street ana lexIngton ave-
s9s; t, 0Tr Wta NSshhor by Es Insers9 Eas
Photography by Professor yon NarIon. at
9R S S Dr. ' Fcs sR mrs Fe al
street From Venice TO Sapios by Dr. F ~ a5l s,,n
ay T6i'c SSsSSl 81 20 ~ West 44h street Tenth
Duncan Spaeth Princeton University Public school
~ Or EGo sssoa si sESs e p2n"ma a6n ana
S'roFessor so. ErSns' y n ar9 boo M ~
strset and 81 Nicholas 'SouGi:
and Fermentation J. Ssrav at
Hebrew Technical institute
-
,ETiasyns History O Edaeauon Related
Barnes ut wadssa sS School Sn street, s@d a
H!h nsa MsRnSTa ard Gso?5 Of ne ndas by
SSth English.
Miss Kay NJ Spencer Public school IS DomincI anI
clark staSets: nj
Trust Question. by Walter Crook. West Side
NelshboThood House. 6Cl
Ssturday-'"rhernal Relations OF Electric Currents
by Professor John Mckay. Museum Na.ura His
tory. nth and Central Park Far East
srn Question: The New East b. ElWvod c. Tewks
bury, Cooper Union. Third Avenue
Who Brings Up Your ChIds" ~ Dr. William II N,!cu
or the Association for Iyn-rovinS Condition
POOR AT Public School is4 ilGth street and Ft
The characterization % SLrope:
the Invasion Of Europe"
board OF Education Park street, The
Telephone Instrument To-day: Magnetic Ivte" b.
Theodore Jones at the High Seaocl OF Commerce &c.,
street. west OF Broad way rds AtTn,sphepe Com
oustiOn. by PrOfessos Norman \. Dubois ST. ear
thoiomeW's Lyeeum Hail. No. 2O5 East ga street
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17

Of villages 10 which he stands. in a somewhat PC
culfar relationship, IN all that sanitation
they are under his close surveillance; he keeps
watch. too. their schools and he brings press
ure to bear sometimes their local authorities
And even the authorities must pay heed 20 his
warnings and act on mis- advice. otherwise ne
would strike their village off his list and it
would cease TO he of his childrens colonies
Then. If this We're to happen. the whole community
would rise against them, fer It is great honor
for a village to he a chdren's colony, an honor
too that brings money; for It is only in villages
that are colonies that the State allows its children
10 be boarded out
For a village 10 be selected s n colony IT must
nave goodNclimate good Al any rate. as can be
had in the district and It must have open spaces
for Fairgrounds around If. There must be a pri-
mary school there, OF course and n there is also
kindergarten so much the better. Then it must De
Wei-to-do village, there be nothing OF the
poverty stricken about ii, grim wolves prowlirE
around. on the contrary. II must be a place where
those who work hard live IN comfort and
where most people do work hard II is essential
that there should be a good resident doctor one
willing to become the paid servant OF the State
and, acting the refuge directors deputy watch
over its children for it, II is essential too-a sine
qua non indced-that there should be there least
thirty women well fitted 10 act rs foster mothers
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17
ID SEEMS RECKLESS.

IniS Willingness on the part or the state to take
charge of all corners provided bny they be young,
seems. OF course. from the financial standpoint,
reckless in the extreme. In reality. however It is
by no means reckless as II seems; for although
the State does actually provide for such Of its chill
dren have no relatives. only relatives who
could not be trusted bring them up properly ex-
ceptng in cases OF necessity It does provide for
them at its own expense. On the contrary II takes
very good care that the money il spends them
shall so far possible be refunded H. Response
bic relatives. parents and grandparents-must
either maintain those dependent them dcfray
the cost Of their maintenance, II they do
without deprivng themselves of the necessaries Of
life. On this point Hungarian law ts clear. And r.
being able TO maintain them. they refuse 10 do SO.
or seek 10 eVade doing So they commit crime for
which they may be severely punished. The only
case in which child is actually supported al the
cost of the community is when both the child itself
and its responsible relatives destitute.
The very day a founding is placed in a refuge
the authorities begin regular hunt for It's mother
and also Tor its father matter whether il is le-
Ultimate not; and II they find them a careful ex-
animation Is made into their circumstances with
view 10 forcing them TO defray the Of its main
tenance. The same steps taken in the case Of
every deserted child When a father hands over his
own child 10 the State, or allows its mother hand
IL over, account is taken not only of his means at
the time but OF his ability to add TO them So long
as his child Is in refuge. he himself is under the
surveillance OF his local authorities who are bound
TO report 10 the refuge director any change in his
circUrhstances-if being out Of work he finds work
or If his wages raised-so that ne may be forced
10 contribute 10 its support according to his in
creased means.
When the State relieves worthless parents of the
care OF their children against their will il does not
relieve them Of the expense the care entails. on
the contrary. its officials say them practically:
We cannot trust you to bring Up your children
properly we viii therefore bring them up for you:
but, as this is work You yourself ought 10 do YOU
shall pay the cOst-we Will do the spending In fact
but you must provide the funds So far az money
is concerned. therefore, a man IS under no tempta-
ton to part with his child; for unless he is desi-
tute. he loses rather than gains by so doing. For
he must defray the full cost of fits maintenance il
he can; and II he cannot, he must contribute tow
ard the cost Of fits maintenance every penny he
has after providing himself with bare necessarles
And that cost is OF course. higher the child
the keeping Of the State than if IN his keeping
for the State provides for its children literally
whereas needy parents put them on short com
mo
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17
THE FOSTER MOTHERS.

No woman may become foster mother to a state
child unless she IS strong healthy. good tempered
and without nerves" Both she and her husband
II She has one. must be sober. hard working, and
in All ways respectable. They must live in a home
of their own-not one Toom-and must belong 10 the
peasant artisan class not that OF tho unakiIled
laborer. They must prove that they earning
enough to live apar, froIa what they would re-
ceiye with the child and although the possession
OF IS not insisted on It is a great recon-
mendaton. If it is naby that Is given 10 her, the
woman must nurse IL herself. and. whatever be its
age she mus; promise to treat Il II II her
own If she does not DO best for il she Is pun
ished. while if she does and the child thrveq, at
the end OF three years the director gives her
tifcate and he Home Minister sends her a present.
She is In close touch with the doctor who respnn-
sibe both for her and hoy charge and IS under the
surveillance of the director and his inspectrIce who
pay her surprise visits from time TO tin.e. while
both she and The doctor under the surveillance
of committee consisting OF the chief official per-
sonaees III the neiShborhood and equal number
Of ladies and gentlemen chosen b. the local au-
thorities. The members OF this committee must not
interfere either with the doctor or the mothers
however bat must content themselves with report
Ing to the director when they notice things going
%rong There is similar committee attached to
the refuge itself the members I'll winch report 10
the Home AIinist
The number Of State children sent TO any one VIII
lage is strictly limited and varies according to tho
number of other children there, for great impor-
lance Is attached 20 there being more of them
in one village than be absorbed by the rest OF
the population Otherwise they might form class
apart. it is feared and that would be disastrous
As soon as one village IS well supplied with chill
dren the director organizes colony in another vii
lage. and this entails no expense at all 1t must be
noted. although it does entail considerable amour.
OF trouble.
The largest of the refugees Is that at Budapest:
bur as this was laborng under difficulties when /
was in Hungary, owing 10 It's new buildings not
being finished. I went down to Szeged 10 see how
the system was working. Tho Szeged Refuge. which
stands in the prettiest OF the towns suburbs con-
sists Of q central building and two pav1lions, one
OF which is the sanatorium. In the central build
ing the basement serves as kitchens storerooms
and laundry, the ground floor as Offices consulting
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17
STATE CHILDREN.
Hungary 4dopts a Nee Pica TO-
RAISE Coca Citizens.
By Edith SELLERS.

When IN Vienna sona little time ago I paid a
visit one day To tho Founding Hospital, where
n room guile .par, f:om th- rsa- oi Ihe children
] found handsome ltl.c fellow II two years
old Installed in state. There nothing Of the
foEsaken about him, 20 sign Of poverty; on tho
contrary, he looked the very picture Of health and
weal.h. lie was rret,ily dressed. well supplied
with ;ays. TOO. evidently he hid been tendc-ly
cared Tor and kept ont of hr.n's way his whole
life long for lle smiled un into faces cheerily
tlr.st5ully as no child who knows Tho meaning OF
neglect or ul-trcatmc-i ever cas- smile.
"Oh' DO Is uo founding Ec IS a little Magyar,
The doctor who was showing me over the institu-
tion exclaimed in reply to an inquiry. His father
brought him here yesterday. lie cannot take prop
- hm. he saws. he is cf work and
his VIE dead SO he has handed him over to the
state This ia the right ming do now. il seems.
We have communicated with the Hungarian gov
elumcnt, and tGcy are sending special messenger
70 fetch Tho boy. This IS part Of their new chill
drcn's protection system. Now that is interest
ing experiment from every pont % view, one we'll
worth watching carefully"
I was, it CHANGED. on my way to Budapest at
the time for Tie express purpose Of seeing how
this chiidren's protection system working; bat
when ] heard what the doctor said ] sorely
tempted 20 change my plans and pass the city by
unVisited. For a system under which a father could
I'D himself OF his easily of his worn-out
shoe did not appeal TO me; # struck me. indeed
being one that would entail not only much waste->
ful expenditure but Generalization ell round.
There must be some mistake somewhere, I
thought however; for it not probable that the
Hungarian parliament would have passed the laws
on which the system is founded il really
detrimental It seemed 10 all sense Of paternal
responsibility. Stn. my mind not at rest
on the point, my first care, on arriving in Buda-
pest was TO appeal 10 distinguished Of
the Children's Department officials for an expana-
ZION Of the why's AID wherefores of this handing
over Of children 20 the state I told him of the
boy had seen at the Founding Hospital and In
CURED whether HIS department actually pre-
pared 70 take charge Of all the children whose par
ents chose 10 deposit them there or elsewhere.
Certainly" he replied, without a moments hesi-
cation, I'VE must take charge of them; that
point the law IS explicit"
ventured 20 suggest that this readiness on the
part OF the stale TO relieve parents Of their duties
might lead 10 gross abuses; that IN fact. parents
well able to provide their children might place
them in the keeping OF the state simply TO save
themselves trouble and expense.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17
NOT TIME TO JUDGE YET.

There are 40 children boarded out at Sander
falva: vet completely they assimilated TO the
other children that would suspect there
were any there at all. Even in the schools the
teachers did not TO know which the
States children and which II i'm
possible indeed that they should know: for the for
mer are dressed the the latter they look
the same, and practically they the same in all
respects And il Is I'm Sandorfalva. is It in all
the children's colonesso the Inspector general
sured r,ven the little Ishmaels arrive
there soon have their corners knocked of and feel
themselves 50 completely at home that they adopt
the relations OF those with whom they live and talk
Of their uncles. aunts and cousins They become
members OF the family. In fact. and members OF
the community To which the family belongs. Thus
they must-they have no choice - the matter-go
share and share alike with their fellows. luckily
both for them and the community. for therein lies
their best chance OF developing into useful citizens.
As the protection system did not come into force
until 1903 IL is too early, ~ course. 70 weigh
Il in the balance. All that be- said OF IL with
any certainty is that far there Is nothing in the
results II has WELDED justify the apprehensions
with which Il at first regarded. Even the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17
NOT EASILY RECLAIMED.

Besides, and this IS an important point children
who once in the keeping of the State remain
there until IL be proved that to restore them to
their families would be advantage both to the
community and themselves A parent cannot de-
post his in a refuge day and return for him
few days later; for by depostng him there, he
has forfeited his rights as father. And until he
has recovered these rights-and the only way he
recover them is by convincing the Guardianship
Tribunal that he has the means, ability and Will
10 do his duty as a father-he has no claim on the
boy whatever. and cannot Interfere with him in any
way. although he must support him if he can. Even
from selfish motives. therefore, parent thinks
twice before giving up his children; for, although
they 4 burden to him in their early days, they
may be a valuable help when his strength fails
Nov the Home Minister Of Hungary, Koloman
Sell holds strongly that 10 bring up children In
institutions is bad both for the children and tho
community. II is bad for the children. because the
life they lead there is unnatural, and shey
therefore unhappy. AS they have no one TO
for them 20 make much OF them the best in
them instead OF being fostered IS stihed, and they
ara turned into little machines Then It is bad for
the community because what is needed is sturdy
aelf-.cliant boys and girls. not machines: and also
because institutions entail great expense From the
first. therefore, he was determined that whatever
else wer= dore with the States proteges they-such
OF them ~ any rate fairly strong-should not
be shut up IN institutions. They live as other
children Of their class in cottages, not in huge
mansions. he said. and be brought W as other chill
drer going share aud share alike with them In
lies buffetings in fits pleasures. They must be
boarded ou:, in fact for IN other way could this
ES!ag share and share alike be secured for them
NJ Sell was alive 10 the fact however. that board
ing out is fGught with dangers if d1.e as it some
times Is, in happy go-lucky fashion. To guard
against all risk. Therefore. he devised a boarding
out method of his own, which is the most in
ierestias and suggestive feature Of his whole sys-
ten.
Every director has IN his own district numt N
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17
EAGER TO GET CHILDREN.


Near the directors ofice are the reception rooms
EAGER TO GET CHILDREN.
One morning 1 found quite little crowd Of
women in the szeged Refuge waiting Some
were there by the directors request TO receive
children others on the chance of his having chill
Sren 70 give to them. while one woman had come to
try 20 persuade him TO rut her his foster moth
ers list Her. however, he soon dismissed as he
had already two hundred mothers waiting for fos-
ter children he said. They who remained were
ell kindly motherly looking women. and they were
all dressed not Oaly neatly but warmly and we'll
They wero the wives OF better class peasants. the
director told ne. and he seemed to know them all
personally.
They watched the door with manifest anxiety
ana there was quite littie hutte- among them
when voices were heard in the corridor and the
first of the children brought in. II a
moor weakly little creature that looked as if 1t
had the cares OF the world its shoulders. None
the less there was not in the room but
was eager to have 1t; for. of them said; "A
BIZ Of trouble with baby does not matter, for II
"a aIv,avs like ones own" 1t was given however.
to a woman for whom the director had sent. as
she had special- skill In rearing the delicate. and
she bore 1t off in triumph. Tears came into one
yyoInan's eyes when she heard there were more
babies that morning and she would fain have gone
off without child at all. II the director had let
her
But he allows no picking choosing; each moth
er must take what lie gives her. or be struck of
his list. To her he gave sturdy little fellow of
two: and although she would rather she con-
fe5sed have had girl, within very few minutes
she had him her knee. and was fondling him as
te1deriy as if she were his mother Then two little
things came toddng in together: for. rs they
were brother and sister they must he boarded out
with the same mother. The competition for them
was almost eager for the baby, and the
woman 10 whom they allotted beaued with
delight as she led them of. There boy.
however for whom there competition
all: evidently from the EISrces the
changed none OF them wished 10 have him at any
price He vas about ton. OF the vaErant tribe:
and to Judge by the way he crying he did
not relish the prospect OF being forced go TO
school every day and learn the meaning of law
and order. His spirits revived, however. when the
molher to whom he assigned showed him some
rosy apples she had and by the time they trudged
off together he and she already the best Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17

rooms. etc, Cor the director and his assistants.
while on the first floor the children and their nurses
are housed IN bright, prettily furnished rooms
Naar the arnotor's oftce are the reception rooms
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17
THE OFFICIAL VIEW.

Against that We take precautions Of course
be answered. Parents able TO maintain their chill
dren forced 10 maintain them TO pay for
their maintenance. Still ever: If cases of the kind
you suggest do occur from time 20 time. they are
arguments for. not against, system, surely.
Eupposing the father Of that child you saw in
Vienna had the means Of providing for him, and
left him at the Founding Hospital merely because
he di6 not wish TO do so; would It not prove that
he was heartless and worthless. and therefore
quite unit TO bring him up properIy2
We here in Hungary consider our children the
most precious Of national assets. the which.
above al others il behooves 10 keep from harm.
Every Hungarian child that is born is a potential
addition 10 our national wealth and strength: to
allow. therefore. a single child who would live If
properly cared for 10 die because Il IS not is TO
throw away what might be later a valuable posses
sion The frs duty OF the state IS We hold the
preservation Of the race and 70 insure its preserva
ton the chance must he secured TO each Of its
members not only Of living, but OF developing so
far as in him or her lies. into useful citizen.
"A state which. by leaving its children in the
-ands Of parents who neglect them. I'll treat them
or haf starve them, fails 10 secure TO them this
chance is guilty not only Of cruelty hut of treach-
Ely. II is conniyiug nj the weakening Of the
ton, conHiyIng at its moral, physical and intel
lectGal dehasement for the children Of to-day VIII
he the nation in Years 10 come. and will hold the
fate OF the country in their hands. Whatever we
IFungarians may leave lndone this. any rate.
we are determined to do: will take good care
n our children let the cost be what IL may. The
protection system was established for the express
purpose Of enabling US 10 take good care Of them,
and excellent system Il is
This official is enthusiastic patriot as well as
devoted lover Of children; that he should talk in
this strain is, therefore, perhaps not remarkable.
What is remarkable. however, IS that practically
the whole Magyar nation talks as he does Hard
headed business men. merchants. bankers and law
gers approve just warmly as poets. philan-
thropists and doctors. I found. OF this experiment
which the state is trying for its childrens benefit
What IS more remarkable still is that they, these
business men. maintain that the experiment is
economically sound and viii ultimately pay well
IN the financial meaning Of the term. Accord
ing 10 them in fact. the state. IN spending Its
money saving its babies lives, is only acting
humRnely, but IS making a sound investment one
from which Hungary viii derive a great increase
both in wealth and strength. Besides. they
never weary OF insisting, it is not very much
that If does spend; for whatever be the defects OF
the new system. IL has one great merit: under II
Dfaoialdom, the most expensive Of all "doms," is
reduced TO a minimum
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17

ed asso'1enAs of bright nevy E,st., Goods 6osssout
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-03-17

represented his circumstances. and has in reality
the means Of providing for them himself.
In the case Of illegitmate children the State goes
further in its zeal do its best for them than
In the case of the legitimate for not only does IT
take charge Of them. but Il also, for their sakes,
takes charge of their mothers for time. Local
authorities are required when the birth of an ille
climate child is registered. 10 make inquiries at
once as TO whether its mother has the means of
providing for it, and If she has not they must send
her together with her baby, to the nearest refuge
In the case of orphans. too the State does
wait for them TO he handed to it. It seeks them
out that II may take them into its keeping before
evil can befan them. Whenever the death Of
widower-or WIDOWS registered. the law requires
local authorities to find whether he has left
children behind him unprovided for and If he has
TO send them without delay to refuge and inform
the Tribunal that they have done so.