davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17

testified that he saw Orchard In Wallace
in June, 1904, and told him II ne wanted
any political job he had better see Chair-
man johnson. Magee is the only witness
who has testified TO seeing Orchard In the
Coeur d'Alenes district in the summer Of
1904. while Orchard and other witnesses
have said that he was not there at the time.
Lawyers Hawley and Richardson came
to hot words about a clipping from a Fed
GRAFTON newspaper published in the Coeur
d'Alenes, which said that the blowing up OF
the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mill wa. q
fine job. Richardson said the effort TO m
troduce this clipping was the rawest thing
he had ever heard Of. Hawley %rejoined
that Richardson's statement was insulting
to both court and counsel. -.
When you gentlemen get through
said the Court. -the Court will take the
matter under advisement. The clipping
was ultimately ruled out.
A Burke druggist named Edward II.
Award. who knew Orchard well IN the
Ceur d'Alenee. told of seeing. Orchard
on the day the Bunke Hill n Sullivan
mill was blown up by the n%on-union miners
at Wardner. Orchard came into his drug
store just before the train left and he did
not see him again until after the train came
back from Wardner. when the druggist
saw him coming up from the train.
Richardson got some more things that
he didn't want on cross-examination. The
witness told him of several other men that
he saw coming back from the dynamiters'
train. Among them was W. F. Davis,
the man Orchard and Dewey said led the
miners at Wardner, but who In this case
has sworn that he spent the entire day In
Mullan. Paul Coroorsn was another man
he saw.
To-day's work did NOT end the States
rebuttal az had been hoped. Lawyer Haw-
ley threatens to put on ten or twelve moro
witnesses before he finishes the job. 1t
ia fair to say at this time that with two or
three exceptions the state has como pretty
near polishing OF the defence witnesses
who oontradjcted Orchard on material
points. Orchards story OF his whereabouts
at various times has been borne DIT mar
vellously we'll. IL has hem borne out 20
well, in fact, AZ TO stand practically intact
with q single exception.
The exception relates TO the testimony
Of the two women who ran a rooming
house in Cripple Creek aid who testified
that they saw Orchard WITH K. c. Sterling.
a Mine Owners Association detective, sew
eral times in the spring of 1904. Orchard
denied having seen Sterling al all at that
time. All the other witnesses whose testi-
mouy attacked that Of Orchard in relation
to his comings and goings. however. have
been coptradicfed in such a manne as IN
leave little or no doubt that the ~defepoe's
witnesses were either lying or mistaken.
DR.. I. l.. Magee. one Of the witnesses
accused OF perjury, arrived here to-day in
charge Of an officer and was hailed ont
The other, G. W. Aller. In still in iail. To-
morrow the defence lawyers will make a
motion for the dismisssl Of the case against
him.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
AMERICANS TOURING EUROPE.
Parties In London. Amid the Alps and on the
Rhine-MOtOr Rum
special Cable Despatch 10 TIE Sun.

Special Cable Despatch % TIE Sun.
LONDON, July i6.-Mrs. and the Misses
w1borg have mad a very gay time over here.
The girls are full of life. says the World,
and enjoy everything. So they have been
asked about a great deal. They were at STAFF
ford House at the Duchess Of Sutherland's
garden party. and they are helping at the
Claremont fete. They will leave London
very soon. going to Msrienbad.
Mr. Crawford Hill. says the same author
ity, was immensely ADMIRED during the
short time she was over here. She started
Tor Denver last week.
Mrs. Hatch Willard and her sister just
remaissd for the cour. and then started
on a tour Of the English cathedrals.
Mrs. and the Misses Shonts will cave
London she rtly and go to the Continent be-
fore returning home.
The season at Zermatt, Switzerland. il
in full swing. At the Mont Chervin are Mr..
and Mrs. Peter Doelger Of New York.
Among those AZ the Victoria are Mr.. and
Mrs. Noyee of Washington. Mr.. and Mrs.
Rankin Of PittsbuTg and Col. and Mrs. Fries
Of New York.
The Americans doing the Falls of the
Rhine include Mrs. J. N. Odell and family
OF Cincinnati. who arrived in a 10 horse
power Mercedes from Lucerne; Mrs. j. r.
Shonrell and family of Boston and Mr..
and MrS. A. II. WorthinRton Of New Jersey.
Recent arrivals at Interlaken include Mr..
Murray Mayer. Miss Cotheal Smith and Mr..
J. Mulocx and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Peters are at the Victoria
Also Mr.. and Mrs. Tobin.
Rear Admiral and Mrs. John Schouler,
u. s. n. retired, are AT the Hotel des Alpes.
Staying at the Jungfrau are Mr.. and Mrs.
| Haywood Shannon of New York.
At the Thunerhof at Thun are MIR. J.
Head and Mrs. f. l.. Head Of Philadelphia
At the Bellevue and Pare Hotels are MIR,
and Mrs. Jungfield Of New York and Mr.. and
Mrs. Castle and three daughters Of Phila-
delphis.
Al Lucerne are MIR. and Mrs. Coutts oi
New York. Mr.. and Mrs. Fl, VI. Seers Of Bos-
| ton, Mrs. r. Timball and Miss Stotesbury
Of Philadelphia.
Princess Radziwill is staying with her
aunt at the National Hotel, Lucerne.
Col. A. j. Nutting of Brooklyn left Geneva
with Miss Nutting on June 20 in a 30 horse.
power Panhard. and after a stay az Neu,
] chAtel continued their mtoor trip by way
of Basic TO Strasburg and Rheims, whence
they will return to Paris.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
MUSTN'T ASSAULT A GHOST.
AZ Least In Germany II Brings Imprtson-
ment n the Ghost Objects.

Special Cable Despatch 10 TYR SuS.
BERLIN. July ia citizen Of Wasungen
named Bach has just pleaded vainly to
the Court Of Criminal Appeal at Meiningen
his right to attack a ghost. The story
begins on December 81. when a fellow
citizen named Koenig told Bach il he would
share his night vigil as Are Waterman he
would see a flick ering light in the church
yard. as Koenig had done for years when
the old year died.
Bach went armed with a revolver and
sword. He saw a spectral light and ran to
the churchyar d.. who're he hailed a dim
figure. Receiving NJ reply he slashed with
his sword. The wounds caused the ghost
to cry for mercy. The ghost proved to be a
man who. influenced by an ancient super
s%tition. burned branches Of a certain tree in
the churshysrd TO immuni1e himself inc
others from supposed evils.
Bach was subsequently, sentenced to six
months imprisonment for wounding him.
He appealed on the ground that he really
attacked a spectre and IL was merely an
accident that he had hurt a man. The
Judges seem TO have held that even a ghost
il entitled to protection. and the sentence
was confirmed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
RALLIERES PLEDGES AMITY
PRAISES u. S. AND ITS NAVY AT
LUNCHEON TO ADMIRAL.
American Uniforms Cheered In the streets
OF Psrs-President of France Sends
Greetings 20 President Roosevelt
Through Rear Admiral stockton.

American Unit o Cheered In the streets
Of Parfs-President Of France sends
Greetings 60 President Roosevelt
Through Rear Admiral stockton.
Special Cable Despatch 10 The Sun.
PARIS, July f8.-The luncheon given
to-day at the Elys3e by President Falieres
to Rear Admiral Charles II. Stockton and
the officers Of the cruisers Tennessee and
Washington. now at Brest. was made more
notable than it had been expected to be by
the extremely cordial manner In which
Fallieres toasted the United States and his
warm protestation OF Frances i~nextinguish-
able friendship for America.
While this sort Of talk has been very
familiar At Franco Amerioan reunions on
both sides Of the water IL 10 not without
significance that Fallieres took occasion 20
r~eiterate II at so small a function as this
naval dejeuner at the time Of the Japan
America war talk and Immediately after the
formation Of the Franoo-Japanese entente.
Admiral Stockton. accompanied by Capts.
Berry and Porter and Midshipman Jack
son, visited the American Embassy this
morning and was received by Ambassador
White and Secretary vignaud. After an
exchange Of greetings the whole party.
accompanied by Flag Lieut.. Grancy OF the
French Naval General STAFF repaired TO the
ElysAe Palace. where they were received
with all due pomp. The American uniforms
had called forth some cheers en- route.
The luncheon was Of forty covers. The
guests included Premier ~Clemenceau. Minis
ter Of Marine Thomson and NJ. Jusserand.
the French Ambassador at Washington
President Fallieres said:
1T is particularly agreeable to me 10 re-
ceive representatives Of the fine American
navy and to welcome them to the capital
of a nation which il united to the great re-
public of the United States by ties of friend
ship more than a century old and which
time will not he able TO alter. Ibeg Admiral
Stockton, whose superb ships ave been re-
oeived with joy at our ports. to tell Presi-
dent Roosevelt how touched we have been
at this visit and how sincerely we associate
his respected person with the nation whose
chief he lie. ! raise my glass to IN Press
dent Of the United States. I drink pros
perity 10 the American nation and its valiant
navy"
Rear Admiral Stockton made a felicitous
reply.
The Admiral and other officers are staying
at the Hotel Continental and have received
more invitations. official and personal. than
they will be able to accept during their
limited stay. but their programme includes
a dinner by the Minister Of Marine. a reoep-
ton at the Foreign Office. II Minister Pichon
should be well enough TO receive them, and
a dinner by Ambassador White
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
WANrON OUTRAGES IN RUSSIA.
Peasants Burning and wasting I'm sheer
Shirt OF Destruction.

Special Gable Despatch TO The SIN.
ST. PETERSBURG. July i6.-Telegrams
from Tula, Poltava and Peusa provinces
report numerous cases of peasants burning
proprietors' stables, cattle and houses in a
spirit OF purposeless destruction.
In the village Of Kroue4y, in the Rostov
district. peasants armed with pitchforks.
axes and firearms seized the hay OF a pro-
prietor. When Cossscks arrived the
peasants formed a barricade of sixty
wagons. Shots were exchanged and the
Cossacks had to retire. One peasant was
killed and four wounded.
The next day the peasants surrounded
the proprietor's house and he was com
PEELED to fee, The peasants took the body
Of a lead comrade to the house and forced
a priest to say a requiem. They after
ward destroyed historic heirlooms. Val
liable goods were piled up. drenched with
petroleum and set on fire.
Other similar outrages are expected
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
AMERICANS GROWN SOFT.
some Of Rooscvelt's Prestige Gone Paris
Paper on u. q. and Japan.

HOu1o on NOOtcvcite frodUke GOue ~ AIS
Paper on u. q. and Japan.
speetat Cabls Dsspafeh % Tm SUN.
PANTS, July te.-The Lbre Parole pays its
respects to the distinguished head Of the
American Government In an article con-
ndering the prospects Of war between the
United States and Japan. Incidentally
II gives one foreign view Of American
prowess.
The Japanese, 10 says, are still living in
the enthusiasm Of their victory over the
Russians. They are in admirable war
training. and are vibrating with patriotism
and warlike ardor. On the other hand. the
Americans nave beer softened by long
years of peace. coupled with une1smpled
prosperity. and now appear rather stripped
Of that intensity OF energy 20 much oele-
brated by President Roosevelt.
The President himself has lost some Of
his humbug prestige. some Of his Fictitious
prestige. He has talked too much. meddled
in too many matters, and interviewed in too
many negotiations which did not concern
him. He has caused his portrait to be
printed too often in the illustrated papers.
while the Japanese have for their part the
prestige Of force enveloped in mystery.
The Libre Paroles article found it's ex-
cuse and inspiration in a letter addressed
TO the editor by the Hochi Shimbun. a jap
anese newspaper. asking his opinion Of
Japan. a country which the editor of the
French paper frankly says he never visited.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
BOMB KILLS GEN. ALIKHANOFF
BRUTAL "PACIFIER" OF kUTAIs
VICTIM OF TERRORISTS.

wrfe Of Gen. Glicbon and CoachmaD Also
kined-MAn and woman a
Picturesque Career u Tartar Nc
dictionary -Transcsucasian Massacres.
Special Gable Despatch % THE SON.
ALExANDRoPoL, Russia. July lo.-Gen
Alikhanoff was killed to-day while returning
from his club. accompanied by his wife and
son, and Gen. Gliebof's wife and daughter.
Two bombs were thrown at the carriage.
The General. Mime. Glieboff and the coach
man we're killed instantly and Alikhanon's
son and Glleboff's daughter were wounded.
Gen. Glieboff was not in the carriage
Gen. Alikhanoff was one Of the most pict-
uresque characters in Russia. and one ofthe
most ruthless OF its ~reacIonary o~f1cialsl
In his early career he distinguished himself
as a leader in the Russian advance into
Turkestan. When the Russian was de-
scnbed In the English political slang Of the
day as being -at the gates OF Herat," 1t was
supposed that Alikhsnof was the man Sc
lected to make the lash for the conquest Of
northwestern A~fghanistan. His expedi-
ton to the Murghab River. known as the
Pendjdeh incident in iss4-5, all but caused
a declaration OF war against the Car by
England.
Alkhanoff was Of Tartar race with all the
virtues of courage. dash and fidelity n
the vices Of ruthlessnese and cruelty which
are characteristic OF Tartar blood. In 1905
the kutais district, which is just south Of
tho main chain Of the Caucasus and east Of
the Black Sea. was completely in the hands
Of the revolutionists they being in full
possession Of the railroad from the Black
Sea 10 S.lram tunnel, which they had blown
up previously. Gen. Alikhanof sent a
column of Cossecks, who laid waste the
fertile Rion Valley. Hundreds Of the in
habita nts were slaughtered. Many Of the
men were driven into the mountains. where
hundreds persisted OF exposure and star
walton, and the women were given over TO
the Cosshoks. Fifty villages we're wiped
out. When the General arrived in Kutais
Province he announced AZ the first town he
reached that be would make the peoples
name and he did his best to realize his
threat.
For this exploit Alikhanof was nicknamed
The Pacifier." but the atrocities OF his
troops created such a stir hat a commission
was appointed by the Vioeroy OF Trans
~oaucasia to investigate charges formulated
by Ashot. the Armenian Bishop Of Susha.
This commission condemned him, but Moth
ing came OF IL.
In accordance with the Terrorists' SEN
tenoe eigft bombs we're thrown at him al
Boriom, Transoaucasia. on May 30 last year,
as he arrived at the railroad station. sur
rounded by an escort OF Coseacks. Two OF
the Cossacks were killed and Alikhanof
and one Of his stan officers and a number
OF the Cossacks were badly wounded.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17

The IA rtlcular centre Of low pressure which was
in the upper Mississippi Valley on Monday ad-
ysnccd eastward yesterday TO Quebec and another
from the Northwest took its place and a belt OF
low pressure extended from the Lake regions and
the upper Mississippi Valley southwest to Mexico.
These disturbances continued IN cause rain
from the Missouri Valley eastward into the Lake
regions.
There we're also a few showers IN the Atlantic
states. The pressure was high In the Atlantic
and Gulf States.
In this city the day was fair and warmer; vino
light 20 fresh southerly: average humidity. II
per cent: ba romete corrected to read TO sea level.
atsA. NJ. Sli; 3P- NJ, 300
The temperature yesterday, IS recorded by the
ofncial thermometer. Is shown In the annexed table
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
DOWN on CARTwHEEL HAT.
Beauty Specialists Tell Women II Causes
wrinkles and o Figures.
Special Cable Despatch 10 THE Sun.

Special Cable Despatch 10 THE SuH.
LONDON. July 10. Beauty specialists here
are trying to kill the women's so-oslled
cartwheel hat. which has reached enormous.
tentlike dimensions. The specialists say
the wearers are crushed by these mon-
strosities. which are running their figures.
To sit in a carriage in comfort a woman
would be obliged to put the feather of her
hat out OF one window. the bunch of flowers
out of the other and the bow of ribbon
through a trapdoor in the roof. As she
cannot do this she sits crouched. with her
shoulders huddled. her neck bent and that
expression Of patient resignation on her
face which il the sure %forerunner Of wrinkles.
Double ohins. emf backs and unsightly
necks and figures robbed OF their natural
poise will be the result il this ridiculous
headgear is not modified. great majority
OF the men Of the present day want the
women to keep them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
HAYASHI SCARES~COREi ANS.
visit Of Japanese state sman Strik - Seou
Palace With Dismay.
Special Cable Dsspatehes 10 The =

Special Cable Dispatches 20 The sun.
SEOUL, July I8.-The report that Foreign
Minister Viscount Hayashi Is on his way
from Toxic to Seoul is welcomed by the
Japanese at the Corean capital. but has
spread dismay throughout the palace.
The Emperor distrusts the Japanese
soldiers who are on guard in the palace and
is trying TO havethem replaced with Coreans
TOXIC, July I8.-The newspaper CORE
spondents az Seoul attach considerable
importance to he visit Of Marquis Nabe.
shima. the Japanese Resident Director Of
Foreign Affairs, 10 Fusan to-day.
At Fusan is Yi-Chi- Yong, son Of Tai
Won-Kun, formerly regent Of Cores await.
ing the pardon Of the Emperor Of japan.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
TREOB4LD CHARTR4N DEAD.
Famous Frenchman Painted Portraits o
Mckinley and Roosevelt.

Special Gable Despatch 10 THE SUN.
PARIS, July i7.-Theobald Chartran, the
artist. died at 1 O'Clock this morning after
a long illness.
h Figaro says that Chartyan's portraits
will decide the place he should OCCUPY in
BE histo y of l ileyeenth century painting.
II mentions those of President and Miss
Roosevelt. Cardinal Glib ons and Judge
Bennett OF Boeton among fifteen specially
selected for praise.
Chartran was born at Besancon in is4s
He was a pupil Of Cabanel. He exhibited
his first picture in 1872. It vas the lying
in state Of Mgr. Darboy. the Archbishop
OF the Commune. In 1877 he won the
Prix de Rome. His specialtiee were religious
subjects and Tor.raits. He was noted as
a ~colorist.
In 1897 Chartran painted a portrait Of
President Mckinley for a number OF Pitts
burg men, who presented il to the Carnegie
Library collection in that city. He painted
a picture Of President Roosevelt last year.
In 1905 while in this country he was show
ing a rich American a portrait he had Just
thetAmerican's wife: The American said;
Beautiful. beautiful! But it doesn't looh
like my wife"
After a short debate the American ofe RED
20 axe the portrait at a considerable re
duction from the contract price Of q. 600
Chartran took out a pocket knife, ooolly
oponed the large blade and slashed the
canvas 10 bits. Letters Of apology from
the American followed and even a reqpes
for another portrait. but without result
Chairman has painted a number 81 Amer
| lean society women, being one Of the mos
successful of artists in that regard. H
made ten or twelve visits to this country
| obtaining handsome orders each time.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
WINANS BROTHERS ASK REBATE.
England Has Taxed Millions Of Their
Fathers Estate In America.

NpfCIW IHDFF Uf5pTLtH N IHE NUN,
LONDON. July ls.-In the Kings Bench
Division Of the High Court Of Justice to-day
Walter and Louis Winans petitioned against
the Commissioner of Inland Revenue
charging their estate on the sum Of 81. ssa,
$40. representing property that is outside
the United Kingdom. left by their father.
William Louis Winans.
They declare that at the time Of his death
their father was domiciled in the United
States. They therefore claim the return
Of s85O, 900 duty already paid under protest
The case was dismissed. II is understood
tSey will appeal.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
COVENTRY CAN'T HAVE BIG JIM.
Lady Godi,a Must Ride English Instead N
American Horse.
Special Cable Despair tn rHx sun

Special Cable Despair IN rHE sun.
LONDON. July is.-The directors Of the
Coventry pageant, fascinated by the mag
nifcent proportions Of Mr.. Armour's largest
gray horse, Big Jim, applied 10 the owner
to allow him to carry La Milo. who will
represent Lady Godiva in the forthcoming
procession. Mr.. Armour cabled his con-
sent. but the hopes Of adding this attraction
10 the show have been dashed by Mr. Ar
mour's manager here.
Big Jim has so many engagem nts in
England that there is no time for more.
He is booked to visit Tvnemouth, Newcastle.
Bolton. Barnsley. Manchester, Peter
borough and other places before he starts
for home. so Iady Godiva must ride an
English instead Of an American horse
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
PEDLAR PALMER INDICTED.
Pus,nst 10 he Tried for MansIaughter n
England.

Special Cable Despatch n TIE Sun.
GuILDFoRD. England, July ie.-The Grand
Jury returned a true bill to-day against
Pedlsr Palmer. the pugilist. for man.
slau ghter only,
Palmer was held in the Guildford Police
Court on May Q on a charge Of murder.
He got into a fight with a man in a railroad
train on April "a and dealt him a blow from
which IL was alleged the man died. The
man had persisted in singing and Palmer
objected.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
"PUNCH- on PANAMA.
shows President Roosevelt SUITE rinE From
Heat OF Japanese sun Banner.

Special Gable Despatch 10 The Sun.
LONDON. July i6.-Punch calls attention to
Americas need for the completion Of the
Panama Canal in connection with sending
the feet to the Pacific.
: In a cartoon representing President
Roosevelt walking hatlees on the seashore.
upon which the sun in the form Of a jap
anese flag blazes. the President. hopping
and screening his head with a handker-
chief. looks toward the sun and says
Its a nice. genial orb. but it's a biz daz.
zling. | wish I had got my Panama"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
LOOKING FOR EDDIE GIFFaRD.
One Leased OWN BicS cIist Has Dropped
Out Of sight In Germany.
special Cable Dsspotch N THE

special Cable DsSp1toh N THE SuN.
BERLIN, July ls.-The State Department
at Washington has requested that inquiries
be made in Germany as to the fate Of Eddie
Gitfard. a m legged trick cyclist from
Chicago. who hss mysteriously disappeared.
His whereabouts in Germany ia unknown
Giffard's trick Of diving with a bicycle
into a tank was forbidden by the police
here because lads initiated il with the result
that two we're drowned, Giffard's wife was
killed in a circus at Madrid some months
ago
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
JOSEPH wharton Sun A,nnx.

Special Gable Despatch N THE SrN.
LONDON, July ia. Joseph Wharton. the
Philadelphia ironmaster, who was reported
last week to he seriously i'll in London.
hut Of whose illness his relatives made
light. is still i~ndisposed and instead Of
recovering apparently has had a relapse.
He is unable TO receive visitors.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17

Highest temperature o. y"
WARRINGTON roRsS,sr FOR TO DAT AND TO MORROW
For Nrp Enoilna. eastern NeD York, sasLsss
PrrrsvIrantd, Nep Jersey. peIdpdre' MIrv1dnd
and virginia. pdrtiy cloudy to'NDi 10 novrotO fo'r;
lfchf 10 fresh south 10 southwest ut1ds.
For western New York, partly cloudy TO day and
10. morrow: light 50 fresh s~outNYesteriy ~facs'
For western Pennsylvania and Ohio. partly
clou1y to- day. with possibly local ssowc-Sa to-
morrow generally fxF; kSnss fresh ssuthwesterly
vtadA "
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-17
STORM DISASTERS ~ Russia.
People Killed by Floods and Crops Deyas-
tated In the S0uthwe est.

Special Cable Despatch to TIE SON.
ST. PETERSBURG, July Ia. Reports from
central and southern Russia say hat the
crops have been badly damaged in many
districts and destroyed in those Of Kief
and volhynia by heavy rains and hail.
Several persons have lost their lives BY
floods