The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-10-08

$3.50 &41 49, - = &@ &IAs
WRONG
a distinguished uu.tod states
atoT in IS magazine article fru
weeks $50. spoke e the possibility -
AT gatnvant tttl~ Stat Erc
venting the Fe1eral Ga~Rvrufn~ut frens
doing Wiss&E u r1tEft want "a do Ta~
spirit which promoted this ~utyeraHr~
- about a. worthy as that which
causes tine bog u speak xtlgtftbglE
or the mofh~ ~4lo rorr hlm ~ thr
father tao b~sot him Mad That uAh
was sent h Washington under the
provisions 81 our constitution ~ rep
resent the dignity. TIE eavereis ntN.
ana the majesty OF Que - these .u-
significant little States
At the beginning or the last ren-
tury Thomas jefferson was ~r}ecteI 60
the Presidency upon the digsct issue
II the construction u the CoulStltu
ton His platform Nas practically
embraced n the first % the Tc~oIu-
tons. drawn by himself in l1sN FOR
the kentucky Legislature. which Was
in these words
Resolved. that the several stats
composing the United state Il
America. are not united on tho prtn-
ciple Of unlimited submission 10 tho
General Government but that by cof.l-
pact under the style and title or a
Constitution for the United States.
and OF amendments thereto. they
constituted a General Government for
special urposes, delegated - that
government certain dennite powers.
reserving. each State TO itself, the
~residuary mass or right 70 their own
self-Rovernrnent and, that whenao-
ever the General Government aa-
surnes undelegsaed powers. its acts
are Guauthoritative. void and OF no
force. that to this ompa each slate
acceded Az a state ana a. an integral
-, - SO 90 safaE .Ffn4TF "a IN Il
self the other party that this govern
ment. created by this compact war
not made the exclusive or final Judge
OF the extent or the powers delegated
to Itself. since that would have nude
its discretion. and not the Consttu-
ton. The measure OF its powers
Upon the same ideas Madison was
elected in 1903 and 1913. Monroe IN
1917 and 1921. John Quincy Adams
in 1925. k in 1929 and 1888.
and Van Buren, in 1882. Indeed, from
jefferson TO Lincoln. no President
was elected who denied these prfnci-
pies.
And the War Between the states
did not change one word in the COM
stltution concerning the questions
which have divided the parties re-
ferred 10 since the Constitution was
written.
Senator John j. ingalls,, n OF the
most brilliant men that have ever
adorned the Congress OF the United
States. has said "Waged ostensibly
to maintain the integrity OF the Union.
and in denial Of the dogma Of state
sovereignty, the future historian VIII
not fail TO note that the three amend
ments G3th, 14th and 18TH. adopted
at the close of the war; are silent
upon this subjecg.'
The Civil War did not change tho
form OF our government. In its eH-
sential and peculiar features 1t stands
today as written by the fathers
In speaking OF the question OF
States Rights in the Constitution. the
great historian Bancroft. says. Aside
Of the sphere or the Federal Govern
ment. each State IA in all things su-
preme, not by grace. but OF right.
supremacy of the States i'm the
powers which have not been granted
Is as essentially n part OF the system
as the supremacy Of the Genera Goy-
eminent in its sphere. The State
are at once the guardians OF the do
mestic security and the happiness of
the individual. and they are the par
ents, the protectors. and the stay of
the Union. The States and the E1i-
ted States are members Of one great
whole. and the one is as needflJ AZ
the other. The powers Of government
not divided " them. they
distributed so that there need be
collision in their exercise. But for
Rights the Union would perish
from paralysis Of its limbs Thu
States. - they gaze life 10 the Union.
are necessary to the continuance Of
that life"
Daniel Webster. frequently referred (
to as the ~eypounder Or the Constitu-
ton. in . written opinion az 4 lawyer.
and not as a politician given - the
Earrings. the well known financial
concern Of England, and after bis
noted speech on Nuliihcation IN the
Senate. said:
Every state r. an independent,
sovereign political community. except
in 90 FAR as certain powers winch
1t might otherwise have Cxercieed.
been conferred on a general
establiehed under Il writ
Constitution, and exerting It's au-
thority OYER the people ~ the Statee.
hi general government S a limited
government. It's powers are specify
and e~numerated All power not con
upon il still remain Win the
or the people. The state Ieg-
.isIatures. on the other hand. po4@ee~
all usual ana extraordinary powers
Of government. subject 70 any iimi-
which mas be imposed b.
their own constitutions. ard. with the
exception. as ] have said. Of the op4r
alton on their powers of the CDnstitu-
ton OF the United States"
Senator Lodge. or Massachusetts
by the way. has been deemed
su ficiently accurate "a an historian
to be suggested as a suitable biogra-
Of President Roosevelt. has
1t was probably necessary. At all
DIR. Webster felt IL To be 90
to argue that the Constitution at the
outset was not a compact bet<-en
States. but a national instrument.
and TO distinguish the cases ~ gir-
ginia and Kentucky in 1872. and
New England in 1914. from that ot
souti Carolina in 1890 Unfortunate
~ the facts were against him IN both
When the Constitution
WIS adopted By the votes or States
at Philadelphia. and accepted BY tne
totes OF states in popular convention.
( il safe to say that there was not
4 man in the country. from wash