Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1907-12-06

" rne rights of neutrals. and, in case an,
aL1i@Sure TO that end should be introduced
aiS limitation of
At ane field of peaceful disposal Of inter
uancsa ai~fferences several important ad'
toTy arbitration. Although the conference
,amse 70 secure a unanimous agreement
l~igatory arbitraelon It ala resolve as foi
lows:
lt Is unanimous: a. In accepting tht
Prlncipie for obligatory arbitration; t) Ir
declaring that certain differences. anc
notably those relating to the interpreta'
Ion ana application or international con
yentlolal stipulations are susceptible OF
Deung submitted TO obligatory arbitration
wlshout any restriction"
me second advance, and a very greai
one, IS the agreement which relates to the
1ss OF Iorce for the collection OF contract
aepIs. Your attention Is invited to the
paragraphs upon this subject in my mes
sage OF December, 1906, and to the reso-
luton OF the third American conference a,
MO IN the summer of 1906. The convention
Upon this subject adopted by the confer
ence substantially as proposed by the
american delegates is as follows:
IN order to avoid between nations
armed conflicts of a purely ~pecun.ary orr
gin arising from c%ontractual debts claimed
OF the government Of one country by the
government OF another country to be due
70 us nationals, the signatory power agree
not 70 nave recourse to armed force for
the collection of such contractual debts.
owe this stipulation shall not be
or leaves unanswered an offer to a~rbitrate,
o. IN case OF acceptance, mako 1t impos-
sible to formulate the terms of submits
son. or, after arbitration, fails to comply
With the award rendered.
1t Is further agreed that arbitration
nere contemplated shall be In con-
of the convention for the Pacific settle
ment OF ational disputes adopted at
me hague, and that It shall determine,
between the parties. the Justice and the
amount OF the debt. the time and mode
or payment thereof"
Snch a provision would nave prevented
Inuch Injustice and extortton In the past.
ana l cannot doubt that its effect in the
husure VIII be most selutary.
Of 1899 for the voluntary Settlement Of in
extension of those part Of that conven-
ton which relate to commissions Of in
quiry.
Substantial progress was also made to-
wards the creation of a permanent judi
ciai tribunal for the determination OF in
terna tional causes.
A further agreement of the first import
ance was that for the creation Of an In
ternational prize court. The constitution,
bunal were provided for in detail.
Not only will the International prize
tourt be the means Of projecting the IN
step towards the creation of the more
general court for the hearing of internal
tlonaI controversies to which reference
has just been made.
This Japanese Exposition,
An IMITATION has been extended by ia
United States to participate in a great
exposition to be held at Toxic
from April I to October 81, 1912. and in
world are to be invited to take part. This
is an occasion of especial interest to all
sn n NATIONS alton Of the world x and peculiarly
which such a great national exposition
has been held by a great power dwelling
and America will, / trust, join in
helping to success his first great expo
sition ever held by a great nation of
1 heartily recommend such legislation
as will provide i'll generous fashion for
and its people in the proposed EXPOSE
ton.
The adoption of a new tariff by Ger
ciprocal tariff concessions between tina
country and most OF the other countries
Of continental Europe, led the German
to terminate the reciprocal commercial
agreement with this country proclaimed
July 1S. 1900. The notice was to take effect
on the LIST Of March, 1906, and in default
Of some other arrangements this would
have left the exports from the United
to Germany. subject to the general
German tariff duties, from Is to 50 per
higher than the conventional duties
Imposed upon the goods Of most of our
competitors for German trade.
Under a special agreement made be-
tween sthe two governments in February,
800. he German government postponed
the operation Of their notice until the soth
Of June, 1907. In the meantime, deemtng
It to be my duty to make every possible
effort to prevent q tariff war between the
United States and Germany arising from
misunderstanding by either country of the
existing in the other, and acting
the invitation of the German govern
oosed Of competent experts in the opera
ion and administration of the customs
.ariff. from the department Of the treas
Try and commerce and labor. This COM
was engaged for several months
m conference with a similar commission
appointed by the German government.
70 reach q common understanding as to
Ill the facts regarding the tariffs OF the
to the trade relations between
The two countries. The commission re-
ported, and upon the basis Of the report.
nsnt was entered into by the two coun-
Eries, pursuant to which, in the exercise
the authority conferred upon the presi-
4 July "A. 1897. / extended The reduced aei
.ariff rates provided for in that section to
and all other sparkling wines.
pursuant to which the German con-
or minimum tariff rates were
extended to about 965z per cent. of all the
Exports from the United States to Ger
,orce until the 30th of June, 1908, and until
Fix months after notice by either party
20 terminate 1T.
The agreement and the report of the
commission on which 1t is based will be
aid before h congress for its informa-
lion.
h careful examination INTO the tariff
citations w the United States and
Germany involved an inquiry into certain
81 our methods OF administration which
heen the cause of much complaint on
The part OF German exporters. In this in
1uiry I became satisfied h a certain VI,
grown up in our customs administration,
Notably the practice of determining values
IT imports upon detective reports never
disclosed to the persons whose interests
often necessary, tends towards
and should be carefully guarded.
Under our practice as I found it to exist
IN this case the abuse had become gross
information as to the Market
value Of merchandise from the well-known
and respected members of the commercial
community I'M the country of its produc-
lnformers and discharged employees and
business rivals. and upon this kind of
secret evidence the values OF imported
goods were frequently raised and heavy
Importers who were never permitted to
know what the evidence was n who
never had an opportunity to meet 1t. 1t is
quite probable that this system tended
upon imported goods, but i conceive
1t to be a violation of law to exact
more duties than the law provides, just
1t Is q violation to- admit goods upon
payment of less than the legal rate
Of duty. This practice was ugh to
the spirit of American law and to Amer.-
can sense OF Justice In the Judgment OF
llry department and the department OF