davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
Wanted-A ROOseVeltian Ephithet On
Roosevelt.

Iowa Telegraph Dem J. -On
every su 'jeCt occupying the
peoples thought. whether eco.
nomic, educational or social,
President Roosevelt has spoken,
with force and decision, and in
every instance wherein the
question of conflicting class in
terests has entered, he has
taken middle ground, hitting
now at one. now at the other.
Let US consider what epithet
Mr. Roosevelt would apply to
the man who, protesting advo-
cacy of purity in politics, eulo.
giSed Quay of unboly memory;
trained with "Gass' Addicks in
Delaware; threw the weight of
his influence against La Toilette
in Wisconsin: refused aid RI
CummtnS IN Iowa; knowingly
protited from corporate cam.
paign cUtributions-the white
GenUunciug as a lie the state
ment that he mad; app dated
corporation politicians (such
as Quarles in Wisconsin, repudi
ated; by the people of his State)
to the Federal bench; and ;uvit-
ed a man whom he has since
described as a financial pirate, "
but who was then the real head
of the Republican organization
in New York Sta 10 come
down to Was inS'ut and talk
over government, matters.
What epithet W uld Mr.. Roose.
welt apply to such a man?
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
Monroe City Society,

A class of something over 20
was graduated from the Monroe
City High School last week.
Among the many functions CIV
en- in honor of the seniors was
funeral. Funeral invitations
we're cent out and the guests
were RECALLED with fun hIrial
service. Ultra fashionable cir
Giles in Monroe ever pine for
novelties. but the taste must
be weird indeed that can APP
prove of funerals as forms of
entertainment Palmyra Her.
ald.-Palmyra attended her
own funeral when st. Paul col.
lege, Bethel College aud the
PALMYRA Female Seminary died
some thirty odd years ago. 1t
was at, or about that time, when
the population began to change
and take on a decidedly dark
hue, or in other words, from a
white population the City of
Flowers rapidly changed to a
colored one, for now over SO
percent is of African blood. No
wonder the Herald SHES at any
thing of a dark color.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
You get an easy shave al
Stream G Fishers.
The Dictionary of MislnformatiOn

The Dictionary of MisiaformatiOn
Chump-One who thinks he
knows more than you do.
Cocktail-An excuse to get
a cherry.
Dictiouary-A book which tells
you how to spell a word if you
can spell 1t we'll enough to find
it.
Railroad-Two long strips of
steel off which trains run
Spring-Winter's salvage.
Central America is much ex.
cited over war it is having. the
season there opening a little
earlier than our baseball season.
Eek.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
Season Of 1907
My Four Year Old
Elcapitan Stallion

will stand at the Fair Ground
first stalls al $1,000 to insurae
colt, money due when colt is
foaled This fellow should
stand at SIS He is a bay 10
hands, gelding measure, great
style, elegant set of limbs great
action, and head, neck and eye
that can hardly be beat He
was sired by Elcapitan 2'20t,
and brother to Allie B 2:1O and
others His dam is Mary B
Morgan and through and the
dam of @ R z 2:144, trial 2:o94
making him brother to 2:1O
speed on both sides.
For further particulars call
and see him
Cyrus Leininger
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
WSosgiaG the childaerI.

The University of Missouri
spent $436. 972. OF in 1905. The
enrolment of students for the
school year, including those en-
rolled in the summer school,
was zoos. The average expen.
diture on each student enrolled
was S21e.65.
The public schools of Mis-
souri, spent $40, 260, 444 90 in
1906. The enrolment of stud
ents was 755, 063. The average
expenditure on each student en-.
rolled was $1361.
The figures show that more
money was spent on one uni
versity student than was spent
on sixteen public school chill.
dren
A further investigation and
comparison is Illuminating. Of
the $2t8 IS spent on each uni
versity student $151.27 came
out of the general revenue fund
aud the remainder 1881 came
out OF the collateral inherit.
snce tax fund.
The state apportioned ST.
800, POS. 80 to the public schools
in 1906, an average of $1,80 to
each child enrolled. OF this
sum S1.17S, 1908 came from the
general revenue fund. and the
remainer came from interest on
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
Helping the Papers,

Some people have an idea
when they pay a dollar a year
for a paper they own the whole
proposition including thepselv-
es. Along this line an ex-
change editorially and pointed.
ly says: Occasionally there is
a fellow comes in and pays up a
year or two of arrears and then
with plying look at lthe edi-
tor as if he felt, sorry that he
was going to lose his subscrip-
tion, says; i guess you might
as well'stop my paper: I would
like to help you but ] can read
Bless your life, sonny, the edi-
tor never loses any sleep over
losing a subscriber. he wants
all the subscribers he can get,
the more the better. but he
wants those who appreciate his
paper and consider that they
are getting value received for
their money. We do not want
your subscription as a matter
of charity. If You don't want
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16

he paper, say so; it's a business
proposition with the editor. We
can pull the bell cord over the
mule to perfection and if we
can't run paper that Is worth
the price, we'll quit. Don't sub
scribe for cur paper as matter
of charity. 1t costs you a dol
lar a year and you could not
print one issue for S500."-Mex.
leo Ledger.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
Geo. W. TooIeY g. Sons.

the school fund certificates. The
apportioument from the general
revenue fund was $1.55 TO each
child enrolled in the public
schools.
The figures show that more
of the general revenue fund
that Is, The fund derived from
generalstaxation-was spent on
one university student than
was spent on forty public school
children.-Fulton Gazette.
Would it not be better to give
the Common people au acade-
mic educa tion, than to dump all
the money into one hole where
at least so per cent of the
benificiaries are well able to
pay for a college educatinnP
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16

Prof. Hugely, who oas at
Jefferson City the frs T the
week, says that Monr'. q unity
should be proud of sSend 'rr Nc.
Allister. The young ~" roe
couRtian, he says, Is rt,o. 4" q
ed on all sides as one = he
most able. and potential B,tr at
the state capital and is Among
the foremost figures in the S.n,
ate. He is popular persona lily,
the Professor says. and lie gem
orally regarded as a mau who
does things instead of talking.
All factions respect and admire
him, Mercury.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16

The farmer actually pays a
premium for bad roads. He
pays it in time in getting to
market, in value of draft ami
mails and the food they eat, aud
in the extra hands for the care
and handling, in the increased
number of vehicles and wear
aud tear of them, and the in.
creased product of the land that
has less care and attention. If
the country had a system of
smooth and hard highways it
would blossom like a rose and
prosperity would follow in the
wake.-News Boy.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
More Road

John A. Hays spent Wednes-
day with the County Court at
Paris and upon his return home
had 1897 so to show for his
trip. $4,000 was for gravel
road purposes aud $87 so for
bridges.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16
nc OnIY Graranteed Kldner cure

is Smiths Sure Kidney Cure. Your
druggist will refund your money If
after taking one bottle you are
not satisfied with results. so cents by
L. J.. Yates.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16

They are now talking Jim
Whitecotton for governor. The
list of availables is now with,
out end.-Macon Times. Demo
crat.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16

Miss Myrtle Cupp. of New
London, has been with Monroe
friends
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1907-05-16

For a first class hair cOt 60
to Stream 6 Fishers.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1907-12-07

Bull for Sale-A fire, young
bull for sale, age 2 years. Enquire
at Valley Ranch on Brown Greek,
or address, F. w. MOTHER,
If Naples, Idaho.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1907-12-07

Shoe Repairing-John F. Ma
ness has opened shoe repair shop
at his residence, just opposite the
Canston residence. Leave work at
shop or at Ladley's store. First
class work and reasonable prices
guaranteed. 12-7-2t
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1907-12-07


church will hold a bazar at the
electric light Office, afternoon and
evening of Dec. 18th.
Bring clearing house checks
and other checks and buy yourself
suit for Christmas. Checks Just
as good as money to us.-Bonner
Mercantile Co.
"A. ]. Kent, J. e. Howe, Judge
Gordon and Judge Robertson, the
two latter attorneys from Spokane,
returned yesterday from a Success
full hunting trip from down the
Kootenai.
Mrs. T. W. McLauglin return
ed from Spokane last Saturday,
where she had been to visit her
daughter. Miss Lizzie is improv-
ing in health, but will not be able
to return home for several months.
The case against Louis Popp,
charged with the larceny of case
of merchandise, resulted in an &C
quittal in the district court this
week. Popp was accused of taking
a box of goods consigned to another
merchant.
E. L, Little is proving himself
a very capable manager for the
Bonner Mercantile Co. Business
is humming and the store presents
an attractive appearance. The
window display of holiday goods
is very attractive.
Joseph Banning has just re-
ceived a large shipment OF the
famous Palm Candies, in pack
ages. Just the thing to buy for a
present at any time. He has a full
line of candies, nuts. fruits, cigars,
o and periodicals always on hand.
Mrs. J. R. Shavalear leaves
today for Hope, after visiting
" friends in Bonners Ferry for six
weeks. Mr.. Shavalear is agent fol-
t the Northern Pacific at Hope, but
g for two different periods was agenr
s. for the Great Northern at this place
Mr.. and Mrs. H. W.Walton LEFT
= for Odessa, Wash, last Sunday
l. Mr.. Walton will be the Grea'
y Northern agent at that place, anC
!. is succeeded here by e. B. Peckins
Mr.. Peckins was checked in al
., agent at Boomers Ferry last Satur
% day.
s Engineer A. L. Wright anC
r family returned last week, after ar
absence of sixty days. Mr.. Wright
? has been taking a laY-off, and h,
" and Mrs. Wight were out to the
= coast during that time. He hal
- resumed his run on the Kootena
Valley train.
. The Boomers Ferry dancin,
~ club will not give any more dance
, before the first of the New Yeay
l. due to the l. O. o. F. hall bein
taken on regular Club night b.
other societies. The next clu
dance will be announced in tn
:, Boomers Ferry Herald.
20 The Geo. r. Gray & Co. hav
commenced suit against the SAND
point Mill Co. for the payment {
= promisory notes amounting t
$4,000 and interest. The notes wer
=. given in payment Of lumber furr
= ished by the plaintiff. H. H. Tay
" lor is attorney for Geo. R. Gray
" Co.
Bull for Sale-A fire. vOun
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1907-12-07
locals.


13 for your Christmas gifts-fresh
home made candies, aprons, etc.
The Woodmen of America will
give the Christmas ball this year,
as has been their custom.
Mrs. Ed. Moore is at Wallace
visiting her sons and their families.
She left ju t before Thanksgiving.
See Hawkins & Offutt and
list your place and give them a
chance to sell it while the weather
is fine.
AT the housekeepers' booth on
Dec. 10 you can find cakes, pies,
pickles, jellies, etc. with receipts
attached.
Watch for Santa Clause. He
will be at Brody's Pharmacy soon
with the SWEETEST line of stuff on
the market.
Mrs. Hoagland will teach all
the different stitches in various
fancy work patterns. See her at
Northrup's.
Sole agents for Edison phono-
graphs, supplies and records. A
large stock of records always on
hand.-Moore Bros.
Buy your Christmas presents
at the fancy work booth of the
Ladies' Aid Society, next Friday
afternoon and evening.
w. d. Moffett's family lief
during the week for Helena, thei
former home. Mr.. Moffett will re.
main here for the present.
Marshal Hoagland went t,
Spokane on Thursday. He turne,
James Sullivan, the deserter, owe
to the authorities at Fort Wright
Charles Odds, C. S. Cole an,
D. H. Chisholm, all promilen
citizens of the Valley, were anon
the Boomers Ferry visitors Wednes
day.
Bear in mind--cash or clear
ance house certificates is the GOLD
en- Rule" at this sale. Positivel
: no credit at these slaughter prices
4 Hollinger.
} Call and ask to see our gents
) fall and winter suits. We ais
( carry a fine stock of Priestley
} crsvenette rain coats. Bonner Me-
\ camille Co.
: We carry large line of Macl
) NAV coats and pants, also heav
J over-shirts, sweaters and so1
Z with prices right.-Bonner Me,
7 camille Co.
( The Northrup Millinery G.
J have fine showing of linens fC
J eylet and all the newest embroi,
: cries. Battenberg braids, threaC
; and patterns.
- w. H. Emery, who had IL
- misfortune to break his leg la
h week is getting along very we
n but il will be several weeks befo
1 he can get around.
u The interior decorations
- your home, properly executed, adj,
immensely to its appearance ar
comfort, and you feel better abo
it every day of your life. OF
Brown does this class of work
an artistic m@&ner and his pric
are right.
III Charles O'Callaghan was a,
mitted to the bar last Monday. +
passed a most satisfactory exam
nation before a committee of Il
bar appointed by Judge Wood. I'll
committee consisted of Judge R.
Anderson, B. S. Bennett, and N
Davis. We predict for Mr.. O'CaI
laghan a very successful career g
an attorney and his reliability wi
commend him to clients.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01

feature of the statistics, when they are
complete, will be the growth of the
divorce habit in rural districts. The
cause of this change in habits where
the simple life should prevail is. in the
opinion of the census officials, the
fact that the farming community has
become better informed on the ques-
ton of divorce through reading sensa-
tional divorce proceedings in the city
papers, and that the husband and wife
now know of an easy way to rid them
selves of CALLING marital chains 1t
is another instance of the urbaniZing
of life in the rural districts.
The statistics when complete will be
interesting and instructive, but we
doubt if they have much effect in lead
| ing the states TO adopt a uniform di
vorce law A compromise between
South Carolina, with divorces on nc
grounds. and South Dakota. with di
vorces on every conceivable ground
will be hard to reach. Mortuary sta
tistics have never put an end to death
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01
Great Gums.

A writer in Appleton'S magazine de-
clares that it is shown that a single
brOadside discharge of the British bat.
tleship Dreadnaught develops force
equal to the lifting of an entire city
block composed exclusively of 20-story
skyscrapers. Little wonder that the
mcouth monster skidded sideways uu
der the recOil like an automobile on 4
muddy road
1t is little wonder that France has
laid down six Dreadnaughts to be com
pleted within the next two years, and
Germany quickly followed; with Japan
and ourselves equally anxious Ou
reply 10 the Dreadnaught is a protect
ed ship of 10000 or $4,000 guns mount.
ed in double turrets.
The latest developments are turbine
tOrpedoes with range of 1000 yards
and Il speed of 80 knots. They cost
about $4,000 each, and are actually
controlled by the boat they leave by
means of electric light rays received
on a tiny shaft projecting from the
torpedo as it tears through the water
Thus the automatic missile is under
control and may be brought back al
any moment.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01
Notice to Hunters.

: The persons whose names appear be-
low have organized to prosecute to the
full extent of the law hunters found
trespassing on their property and spe-
cial officers have been sworn in for the
purposes of making arrests:
Black Hawk-Charles Blazer, John
Blazer, William Schuck, Carl Bell
house, Fred Liekefeldt, Henry Hurley,
George Ricketts,, Jacob Tanner, Frank
Stoeffel, Frank Rouse, Louis Vetter,
Howard Dunn, John Kadel, Tri-City
Pasteurized Milk company, Sam John.
ston, F. H. jenkins, John Hokenson
William Shave, Henry Nelson, Hedley
Peterson. Mr.. Marsh, Hugh Robson
Lewis Wilson, Mr.. Kerr, Ed Spiegel, c.
Peterson, George Clark, John Erickson
Chris Heber, Wilson Matthews, James
Dickson, Alvin Johnston, George PAX
mer, John McAfee, d. w. Matthews
George R. Sydnor, John Scarf, Mrs
Charles Kyle, John Mcconnell, Walter
Mcconnell George Sears, w. H. Mar
shall, John Cox.
Bowling-Adolph Hoover.
Edgington-WiIliam Miller.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01
Divorce STATISTICS.

1t is figured by the preliminary esti-
mates of the census bureau that for the
20-year period from 1887 to 1906 the
applications filed for divorce through
ont the country reached the total of
100000, and probably on these appli-
cations more than 100000 divorces
were granted.
In the 20.year period from 1867 to
1886 the number of divorces secured
were 32S,000. That the growth in pop
ulation does not warrant such an in
crease in divorces is shown by COM
parisOn of divorces to population-33
divorces to every 100000 of population
during the earlier period, and 20 TO
every 100000 during the later. Thus
there has been in the last 30 years
about twice as many marital unhappi
ness, or at any rate, twice as many
escapes from it,
The figures are not given in detail
but if the rate of divorce has been pro
gressive, 20 to 100000, which repre-
sents the average for 20 years, is prob
ably considerably lower than the rate
for the last two or three of the 90
years.
Seventy divorces to every 100000 per
sons does not seem a prodigious mum
Der. but, of course, the true basis OF
comparison is of divorces to marriages
not to population. The figures for max
ing this comparison have not been pub
lished. If there has been a falling of
-
rate has been doubling, the increase
becomes more significant.
1t is said that the most astonishing
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01

and lie feil i'll 4 FAINT.
The stranger, throwing down his
sword, uttered cry and ran to his
fallen enemy and raised his head, at
the same time throwing UP the visor of
his own helmet. Hinchclwood opened
his eyes and started. He was looking
into the face Of the woman he had in
suited.
Il have killed you" she mOaned
KILLED me. You couldn't kill Il frog.
It's my wound of the battle received
from giant Roundhead. But wnat
means this absurdity? Thank heaven
I've not harmed you. Had | killed you
| would have plunged my sword into
my own vitalS."
The girl lowered her head, tears
starting from her eyes. The man rafs-
ed his arms with difficulty and. wind
ing them about her neck. drew her
down and kissed her.
For one kiss" he said. Il would
fight a score of real champions. and
Will fight any man who presumes to
share your kisses with me-"
LOUISE c. FARRELL.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01

Rev. Dr. Aked, the Liverpool pastor,
who will shortly come to the Fifth
Avenue Baptist church, New York city,
will preach his farewell sermon on
March >, and it promises TO be a dra-
matte leave taking. The pews are be
ing sold like theater seats. and the
applications already received are sui
ticient to fill the chapel five times
over. The congregation has chosen rs
his successor Rev. c. II. Watkins. one
of the most brilliant of the young Brit
ish Baptist ministers.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01

"Tody' Hamilton, the father OF
press agents. will be entertained at a
notable dinner in New York March 2
He retires after % years of brilliant
service as the press agent of the Bar
mum q Bailey circus, and his friends
in all branches of the amusement
world have combined with newspaper
men generally to honor him with this
banquet and to present him with ;
testimonial of practical nature. The
dinner will take place in the Waldorf
Astoria. Speeches will be made by {
number of distinguished men.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01
NO REWARD; BODY IGNORED
Remains of Boy Hang on Piling at
Cahokia, ILL.,, for Month.

Cahokia. H.. March 1.-On account
of the failure of the Illinois law to
provide a fee for the finding of a body,
the unidentified body of a boy, appar-
emily 10 years old, evidently drowned,
has been allowed TO hang on a gov
eminent piling in the Mississippi river
where it became lodged a month ago.
The authorities learned of the body
yesterday and it was removed to the
mOrgue in East St. Louis.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01
THE M1RkETS.

Chicago, March l. Following ar
he market quotations today:
Wheat.
May, 771a, 771a, 7G34, 1864.
July. 1875, 1875. 7712, 171a.
September, IS, IS, 77%s. 77&s.
Corn.
May. 475s, 475s. Az. ~.
July, 1864, 1864, 4GH, 4GH.
September, 1868, 4G7s. 4G1a, 4G12.
May, 42a$, 1925, 421s, 421s.
July, 377s. &77s. 375s. 373s.
September. 323s. 329s, S212, 3215.
Pork.
July, 1869, 1860. 1851. 1G.47.
May, 1850, 1850. 1920, 1886.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01

Philadelphia has again submitted
itself To the yoke of the Penrose-Dun-
ham republican machine. BY a major.
ity of $4,000 John Z. Reyburn was
elected over Colonel William Potter.
the reform candidate. If Philadelphia
can stand it. the balance of the coun-
try certainly ought to.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01
Notice to Contractors.

Sealed proposals will be received at
the city clerks Office until Monday,
March 4, 1907. at o'clock p. m, for
one battery of boilers not less than
150-hOrse power.
Specifications for tubular boilers will
be furnished by the city clerk and
builders OF water tuber boilers will fur
nish their own specifications and type
of boilers to be furnished.
Bidders will bid f. o. b., Rock Island
and also on erection of boilers.
Certified check in amount 5000 to
accompany bid.
The city reserves the right to reject
any or all bids.
H. G. SCHAFFER, City Clerk.
Rock Island, H., Feb. IS, 1907.
Phone girls have many ills.
For which they take some nasty pills
If healthy and happy girl you'd be
Ring up for Rocky MOutain Tea.
II. H. Thomas pharmacy
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01

In Oklahoma, Miss Lulu B. Russell
has been appointed mail carrier of the
rural free delivery route of the little
town of Mutual. and Miss Hattie Rus
sell, her sister, has been appointed
her substitute. The route is a hard
one in winter, but the young women
have given satisfactory assurance to
the postoffice department that it Will
be covered every day if the thing IS
within the bounds of human achieve
mpnt
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-03-01
Ribs.
LOCAL MARKET CONDITIONS.
Today's Quotations on Provisions, Liv
Stock. Feed. and Fuel.

Rock Island. March 1.--FolIowing
the wholesale quotations in today's
market:
Provisions and Produce.
Live Poultry - Young chickens, 10C
per pound; hens, per pound, Sc;
ducks, per pound. 9 to 10c; turkeys, per
pound, 1lc to 15c; geese, per pound,
8 to 10c
Butter-Dairy, 2Gc to PC.
Lard-12c.
Eggs-F'resh. 19c to 2Oc.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. 45c.
Live Stock.
Sheep-Yearlings or over. 81 to Sc.
lambs, $500 10 $3.50
Cattle-Steers, $500 to 5000: COWS
and heifers, $500 to $500; calves $3.50
to $3.50.
Hogs-Mixed. $3.50 to $G.75.
Feed and Fuel.
Grain-COrn. CSC to 40c: oats. CSC
Forage-Timothy hay, SIS; prairie,
| $12 to $14; clover, mixed, 81 to SIP;
straw, $3.50 to IS.
WOODLAND. per load, $500 to $3.50
Coal-Lump, bushel, Is to lac; slack
per bushel. Z to SC.