Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-02-07

huge black mile-wide apron of lava over
spread the country for ten miles above us
to the foot of the mountain head where 1t
had started a week before in huge gushing
fountains of fire, swinging out of the inner
depths, as large cathedralS.
The present monstrouS eruption broke
out at midnight of the 10th Instant near the
source of the flow of 81, above described.
1t seems to have partly covered that pre-
vious flow. Other flows are said to have
broken out notably a very heavy one
mile or two northward in the district of
Manuka. This Manuka flow crossed the
government road on the night of the nth.
probably about four miles above the shore
line. The lava cremated and buried the
camp of some fifty-two white visitors and
many brown ones, who had hurried by all
kinds of conveyance from the northern
sections of the island to witness the Won
derful sight, some of them driving eighty
miles Well, they saw 1t, and 1t was-yes-
horrifc-full of splendor and terror. Thun-
dering pillows of viscid molten rock, brill
liant with. incandescence, came rolling
downward for long miles above them. These
waves and gushes of fusion bore along vast
burdens of the lighter clinkers, sort of
rockfoam, partly congealed into sponsy
punches of ragged stone
Location of the Cones.
I propose to give particulars about this
great eruption, with some degree of au-
thority as an expert both on the subject
of Hawaiian volcanoes in general and on
the topography of the Kau volcanic dis
trice in special, having for more than fifty
years applied observation and study to
these subjects, as well as having often
written upon them In order to illustrate
my statements l add a small map of the
island of Hawaii. NJ indicates the chief
crater. called Moku-a- weo-wea. on the
summit of Mauna-Loa. X Is the crater of
Kilauea is Mount Hualala The noun
tain north of M is Mauna-Kea, the highest
in the Pacific ocean, 1880 feet high.
The small crosses north of NJ indicate the
frequent points of issue for the lava flows
from Moku-a-weo-wea. which never dis
charge over the lip of the crater, but break
out lower down on the sides.
The large cross south of NJ indicates the
Kahuku volcanic center, or Kahuku vol
cano as / venture to term 1t. Below this
appear the three heavy black lava streams
of 1868. 1887 and 1907, which flow south
ward to the sea.
In the present eruption I cannot learn
that there has been any activity whatever
in the summit volcano of Moku-a-weo-we
1t seems at present impossible for any one
to visit that point. During the late copi-
GUS rains heavy SHOWS have covered the
summit of the mountain, rendering 1t i'm
practicable to pick out the rugged trail
through the almost impossible clinkers.
An immense glow was seen at Hilo after
midnight of the 10th over Mauna-Loa. but
there was entire absence of the immense
column Of incandeScent smoke regularly
attending such eruptions. Hence 1 judge
and the glow to have proceeded entirely
from the outbreak more than twenty miles
beyond it. l deem that the eruption is in
dependent of the Moku-a-weo-wea, and Is
entirely confined to the Kahuku center Of
activity.
This Kahuku point is lofty shoulder
| which has grown out from Mauna-Loa. Its
summit Is the Hill of Keokeo, which Is
$500 feet above the sea, ten miles away.
| 1t has itself from the shore the aspect of
lofty independent mountain. the gentle
| slope of twenty miles connecting 1t with
| the 13,6OO-foot mountain behind it being
| hidden from view. Just a little below this
Keokeo hill Is the source of the eruptions
of 1887 and 1907. few miles farther
Independence Of Kahuku.
Several reasons concur for counting this
| Kahuku eruption locality an independent
| volcano. nearly as much so as Kilauea.
One is its great distance from Moku-a-weo-
| wea, about the same distance as that of
Kilauea. as well as Hualalai, as may be
seen on the map. Another is that during
| these recent three recorded eruptons there
was very little. II any. activity in the
mother crater. A third reason Is the enor-
nous bulk Of the mountain shoulder which
has built out in Kahuku so far from the
parent source. proving special activity In
| what has for ages been establishing itself
as an independent branch volcano. A fourth
reason is the immense extension of the
| southern point OF the island That point is
| over twenty miles from Keokeo hill and
| over forty from Moku-a-weowea. Such a
remote distance places It entirely beyond
/ the Jurisdiction of the latter volcano It
evidently owes its parentage entirely to
the Kahuku center of activity.
But another and most conclusive reason
\ Is the existence a few miles southeast of
/ Keokeo of a recently active volcano of
| enormous size and activity, but now for
many centuries quiescent. This Is named
Mahokea. This Is caldera or area OF
deep depression. about FIVE miles In dame
ter, formed by sudden engulfment Of that