The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-05-14
SECRETARY ROOT
 ON CITIZENSHIP
(contlnued from First Page,)

Townshend, who is a close personal friend. He will deliver the second lec- ture in the series tonight, his topic being "The Function of Political Par ties as Agencies of the Governing Bodies" The remaining two lectures
 will be delivered next Monday and Tuesday nights.
 He said in part last night.
 "The theory and practice of govern ment have vastly changed within the past few centuries, and especially within the last century and half Control by superior authority, claim ing by divine right, selected by inherl- tance, and supported by compara- lively small governing class selected in the same way was oppressive and directive. Government was then apart from the main and general activities of life. but 1t was apart from them by being above them, by exercising rights over them and making them all pay tribute. Under our modern systems of popular government the oppressive function still continues, but entirely new and different modes of action have been developed The repression is self repression, and the direction is the re- sultant of internal forces determining the character of the directed mass. Popular government is organized self. eontrol--organized capacity for the de- velopment of the race. It is the good and noble impulses and the selfish and cruel passions of man struggling with each other for the maintenance or the denial of justice; it Is the lust for pow CT and savage instinct for oppression struggling against manhood and self respect for the maintenance or destruc- tion of liberty; it Is the greed and cum ming that have shamed the history of the world struggling with honesty and virtue for public purity; it Is the long i ing in the heart of man for better things up through education to broader knowledge and higher life; It Is the vast elemental forces of humanity moving great masses of men in violent protest against the ills of life, to the 1 destruction of social order, it is the l instinct of self preservation which ral- lilies other multitudes in defense of vest ed interests and traditional rights; 1t i is the dreams of Utopia to be realized | by changing everything and the rever- ence for the past that is mortified by changing anything. These tremendous forces express themselves. in laws, in the enforcement of laws, in contempt for laws, in good administration and 1 bad administration, in sudden out bursts of feeling altering the surface of things, and in gradual movements Iaffecting the whole relation of nations toward the ideals of peace and order and justice and righteousness. Upon them and the results they work out depend the prosperity, the honor and
 life of nations, and the future of civili- Ization; and upon them depend the val
 Ne of every farm and factory and shop,
 of every bond and share of stock, the peaceful prosperity of every home, the Opportunities for success of every child
 We have been accustomed to fiatter yourselves that the great American ex- pertinent has been successul. It has liANSCN SellilCd AA4C NSAAiOAA1tA osACAi Oi
 popular capacity of the people to rule
 themselves far beyond the point which
 originally seemed possible to the enc.
 mics of popular government.
 "The fact that for more than cen.
 tury peaceful industry respect for law
 and individual freedom have beer
 maintained under popular government
 in the United States, and that they
 have been accompanied by extraordi
 nary material prosperity, has fosteret
 a tendency toward popular government in every country of Europe.
 Nevertheless, we must not delud'
 ourselves with the idea that the Amer : ican experiment in government is end [ ed or that our task is accomplished Our political system has proved sue cessful under simple conditions. It stil , remains to be Seen how 1t will stan'
 the strain of the vast complication c