Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-02
SCOPE OF ALLIANCE
Treaty Between Japan and Eng
land is Defensive.
THIS COUNTRY benefited
By Its Provisions of Equal 0ppcrsunl-
ties for All Nations.
WHAT A DIPLOMAT SAYS
Full Text of Agreement as Signed at
London in 19O5-Japanese and
British Opinion.

The disturbing talk now current in
! Washington and other leading capitals
apropos of the alliances and treaties be-
tween Great Britain and Japan and their
effect in the event of trouble between the
United States and the empire was COM
mented upon by a prominent diplomat to-
| day.
There is little likelihood" he said, "of
hitch between those two friendly ma
| tions, as seen by experienced eyes and
trained diplomatic minds. OF course,
Great Britain's position would not be at
| tractive to her should anything happen,
| because with the treaty on the one side
and the absolutely friendly relations on
| the other the escape could not be easily
| found
THE Anglo Japanese treaty." continued
| the diplomat, is defensive rather than
| offensive agreement, and was formulated
more for self-protection in Asia, and its
effect upon European and American trou-
| bleS on the part of either or both nations
was never touched upon. The new treaty
| replaced the one signed January 30, 1902,
which was denounced by the leading jap
! anese as being powerless to accomplish
| the purpose for which 1T was concluded
When that alliance was formed Russlas
naval power was far greater than that OF
y IL,
war against the latter without the assist
! ance of third power. That is why, as
any Japanese statesman VIII tell you,
Russia waged war against Japan. She
knew of EngIands Discrimination to rem
der her eastern ally military assistance.
The Japanese consider it very impru-
| dent on Japan's part to assume my re-
| sponsibility for sending her army-as
| provided for in the treaty-to India to
assist her western ally in the event of
war with Russia"
japanese Statesman's Views.
| In this respect it will be stated that in
an interview a Japanese statesman de-
clared to Star representative some time
| ago that when England is in need of
Japanese reinforcements in India the
| movement of China should be carefully
watched, the German men-of-war at
Kiao-chow guarded and the French
squadron at Saigon provided against,
while the situation in Manchuria will al
ways demand decisive measures.
Diplomacy does seldom record the
| fact that in international warfare one
| party to an alliance sends it's army into
| the dominion of the other party to assist
the latter in case of war. This course"
explained the diplomat, 'is especially
avoided by the contracting parties when
| they are on equal footing for the reason
| that the assisting army cannot levy on
private properties belonging to subjects
| of the assisted party without entailing
many diplomatic complications after the
war. In the case of Japanese assistance
to England it is viewed by officials that
an army separated from its native land
| by 5000 miles will find it impossible, in
| case of emergency, to strictly avoid levy
| ing on private properties, however per-
| feet the means Of transportation may be.
| Furthermore, it is equally difficult to
| keep hundred thousand soldiers suf-
| ficiently supplied from its mother coun-
try, which requires twenty-five days to
reach.
Now, then, the Anglo-Japanese alliance
| covers any trouble in Asia almost to per-
| lection. 1t Is evidently a safeguard to
| England, who, according to Japanese views,
| will war against Russia at some early flu
| ture time If a third power should come
| to the rescue Of Russia in this event it
would give Japan golden opportunities to
| clear from the far eastern countries the
| military bases of the continental powers
of Europe, especially since Russia's aid
would be either France or Germany-the
latter more likely
British Opinion Pessimistic.
British opinion" concluded the diplo-
mat, 'of the alliance gives US this: That
the possible consequences Of the treaty are
that it may seriously compromise the in
terest of foreign countries In and about
China. and International friction may thus
be increased that the regeneration of China
is not promising. and that foreign pressure
may produce acute crisis that Chinese
popular feeling being more friendly to Eng
land than to any other nation, Britons
should not have embarked in serious a
venture; that japan may become a dam
gerous rival. If not adversary; that Aus
tralia may be moved by this danger to fed
crate with the mother country, and share
the cost of naval defense and last, count
ing on any direct help by Japan toward
England's support of India is deprecated"
The Star representative was given copy
| of the treaty in full as it was signed in
T no6n An iotlH hxyT
downe for Great Britain and Hayashi for
Japan. The treaty is as follows
Text of the Treaty.
Preamble.-The governments of Great
Britain and Japan, being DESTROYS of re-
placing the agreement concluded between
them on the Both January, 1902, by fresh
stip0lations have agreed upon the follow
ing articles. which have for their object:
(a) The consolidation and maintenance of
the general peace in the regions of eastern
! Asia and India;
CO. The preservation of the common in
| terests of all powers in China by insuring
| the independence and integrity of the Jap
| anese empire and the principle of equal
! opportunities for the commerce and indus
| try of all nations in China:
(c) The maintenance of the territorial
rights of the high contracting parties in
| the regions of eastern Asia and of India
| in the said regions.
Article l. 1t is agreed that whenever, in
the opinion of either Great Britain or Japan,
! any of the rights and interests referred to
! In the preamble of this agreement are in
| jeopardy, the two governments will COM
municate with one another fully and
| frankly and will consider in common the
| measures which should be taken to safe
guard those menaced rights or interests.
How Help Can Be Gwen.
Article 2. If by reason of unprovoked at
| tack or aggressive action. whenever arising
/ on the part of any other power or powers
! either contracting party should be involved
! in war in defense of its territorial rights
I or special interests mentioned in the pre-
| amble of this agreement, the other con-
| tracing party will at once come to the as
| s!stance of it's ally, and will conduct the
| war In common, and make peace In mutual
| agreement with It.
| Article 8. Japan, possessing paramount
! political, military and economic interests in
! Korea, Great Britain recognizes the right Of
| Japan TO take such measures of guidance,
! control and protection in Korea as she may
deem proper and necessary to safeguard
| and advance those interests, provided al
| ways that such measures are not contrary
| n the nrineinla a rp or