The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-10-08

put all their land into that crop. and
ouy thelr meat and corn out Of the
proceeds The Egyptian cotton sells
Tor much more than ours. 1t Is Of a
peculiar staple. and Is so valuable for
mixing with other cottons that We Of
ten buy from seven 70 ten million
dollars worth OF IL ourselves IN
1905 the crop sold FOR $50. 600, 900,
and the bulk of this went TO England.
AS 1t is now, Russia IS annually TAX
Ing five or ten million dollars worth.
France five or six million dollars, and
Germany about the same amount ~
Egyptian cotton. The cotton seed is
also sold, most of It going to Great
Britain and France.
Indeed, cotton Is fast ~crowding out
sugar, and the sugar sales are not az
large now as they rave been in the
post. They amount to about 5000
900 per annum.
OF late Egypt has begun 10 raise
vegetables for Europe. The fast beats
which go from Alexandria TO Italy
carry green stuff, and especially
onions, Of which the Nile valley IS
now exporting several million dol
lars worth per annum. Some Of these
are sent 10 England. and others to
Austria and Germany. The onions
are packed in bags OF a hundred
weight each.
AS to tobacco, Egypt Is both an ex-
porter and importer. Egyptian cigar
cites are sold all over the world, but
Egypt does not raise the tobacco Of
which they are made. The cultiva-
ton OF tobacco has been forbidden
by law since 1890. and all the tobacco
used is imported from Turkey. Greece
and Bosnia. About four-ffths Of II
comes from Turkey. The total i'm
ports amount to about IS 5000, 600 a
year, and it might a our tobacco
trust to see If our best Virginia weed
could not dispIace that OF Turkey.
Hen Eggs by Millions.
Secretary Wilson should investigate
the chicken industry of Egypt. These
people have been famous egg pro-
ducers since the time of the Pyra-
mids. and the helpful hen is still an
important part Of their stock. It
brings in hundreds Of thousands Of
dollars a year, and its eggs form one
of the items of the national exports.
During the past twelve months enough
eggs have been shipped across the
Mediterranean to England and other
parts Of Europe to have given one to
every man, woman and child in the
United States. The amount was in
the n~eighborhood of 100, 100000, and
the most of them went to Great Brit
ain.
The Egyptians rave an excellent
climate for fowl raising, and they had
i~ncubating Establishments long before
artificial egg Matching was known to
the rest Of the world. There is q
hatchery near the Pyramids where
the farmers trade fresh eggs for young
chicks at two eggs per chic, and there
is another, farther down the Nile val
ley, which produces q half million lit
tie chickens every season. 1t Is eStl-
mated that the over crop of chickens
amounts to thirty or forty millions
per annum, that number of little fowls
being sold by the oven owners when
the baby chicks are about able to
walk.
The most Of our fncubatGrs are Of
metal and many are kept warm by
coal oil lamps. The incubators here
are one story buildings made Of sun
dried bricks. They contain ovens
which are fired during the Matching
seasons. The eggs are laid upon cut
ny in racks rear the oven, and the
firing is so carefully done that the
temperature is kept just right from
week to week. The heat is not gaug-
ed by the thermometer, but by the
judgment n experience of the man
who runs the establishment. A fire IS
started eight or ten days before the
eggs are put in, and from that time
on it is not allowed to go cut until
the Matching season is over. The
eggs are turned our times q day while
Matching. Such establishments are
' Hr1N T n F n @ 60 ar
ranged that it costs almost nothing to
run them. One which will hatch two
hundred thousand chickens a year
can be built for less than fifty dollars,
and an experienced man can be hired
to run the machine. tend the fires,
turn the eggs and sell the chickens for
about a dollar and a half per day.
What Egypt Buys.
Egypt buys almost everything under
the sun. Her imports mOun to more
than one hundred million dollars every
year, and q large part Of this money
is spent for goods which are a speciality
in the United States. She buys thir-
teen million dollars worth of cereals,
vegetables and flour, and, OF this,
/ almost three million dollars worth
come from Great Britain. three mill
france and Algiers, one million dol
lars worth from Italy, y four mil
| lion dollars worth from Turkey OF
the whole just about four
thousand dollars worth comes from
the United States, and that, notwith-
the world and have Indian corn bet
ter than hat which forms a large
part of the food of the Nile valley.
American Pumps and Windmills in
Egypt.
49, N~' pN1tp ta41 AAAS " -
mill has reached the Nile valley, but
so far, the most of the pumping ma
chinery is imported from Europe. All
the large land owners are now using
steam pumps There are many es-
tates run by syndicates which are irri-
gated by this means, and there are
pumps and hiring them out to the
smaller farmers in much the same
Hay that thresuing machines are used
in the United States and Canada.
Quite a number of American vino
mills are already installed, and al
most the whole pumping of the Nile
valley might be done by wind. The
breezes from the desert are as strong
as those from the sea, and they sweep
across the Nile valley with such reg
ularity that wind pumps could be re-
lied upon to do efficient work.
AT present the most of the water
raised in Egypt is by man paWer or
by animals. Millions of gallons are
lifted by the shadoof. This is a long
pole balanced on a support From one
end of the pole hangs a bucket. and
frcr the other a heavy weight of CLAW