davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Inheritance Tax Not Retroactive

Washington, Dee. 2G.-Thc s. preme
court of the United States TO- " de-
cidcd the inheritance tax ease of Ca
mile Cahen and other legatees under
the will of the late Matthias Colby, of
New Orleans, against the tax author
tiles of that city. The state law pro-
viding for tax on bequests was at
tackled as unconstitutional The opinion
was delivered bv Justice McKenna,
who affirmed the decision of the Su-
preme court of Louisiana.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Strike Broken at San Antonio

San Antonio, Tex, Dec. 2S.-Local
Southern Pacific officials say that the
Brotherhood of Firemen's strike on this
division Of this system is broken, that
all freight and passenger trains are
moving along with full crews, and thai
they have more firemen than they hay,
engines. \ striking fireman was ar
rested here today for entering an en-
gineer's cab at the Southern Pacific sta
toin. The order issued Monday not {,
receive freight has been rescinded.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Precious Coal Pile Burned.

Pierre, s. D., Dec. 27.-The coal
house Of the Northwestern railroad,
with all coal on hand, was totally de-
st"oyed 10y fire started by the explosion
Of a lantern this evening. This will
cripple operations for a few days until
a new coal supply can be secured. Al
though the money loss is not great, the
present coal shortage over this entire
territory makes the loss rather seri-
ous one and one that will he hard to
.cUlaco.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Greatest Year Since 1883.

Chicago, Dec. 30. - More miles of
railroad were constructed in the United
States during the last year than have
been built during any year since 1888,
according to the Railway Age. Since
January l last, 6,067 miles Of track
have been laid on 1888 lines in II states
and territories, making the country's
total railway mileage 223,3l9. The
largest amount OF railway building dur
ing the year was done in Texas, where
7O1 miles Of track were laid. Louisi-
ana and South Dakota are almost tied
for second place.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03

London, Dee. 20. - Nicholas Shiss-
koff, who was one Of the trustees Of the
American famine fund Of February,
1901, has sent to London, accompanied
by an appeal for funds, an account of
the famine in Russia Fifteen wears
ago." said Mr.. Shisskoff, "when the
famine was less serious, we had $4,-
600, 900. But now, when it is great
er, we have only 100000" Mr..
Shisskoff estimates that about O,OOO,-
600 peasants will need assistance.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Too Slow in UnIoacing Cars.

Tokpeka, Kan, Dec. 27.-Reierring
to the congested condition of the rail
rlus at present, Mr.. J. +. Hurley,
o1cral manager of the Santa Fc, SAYS:
The car shortage is not to he charged
o lack of equipment. Consignees
pight relieve the congestion if they
would unload cars expeditiously. For
instance. there are today IA 900 loaded
ars in Galveston awaiting unloading"
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Transports May Take Food to China

-EWaehington, Dee. 29. - Quarter
master General Humphrey has notified
Secretary Taft that he has available
two transports in which supplies for
the Chinese famine sufferers may be
sent. These are the Buford and the
Warren, roth at San Francisco. Secre-
tary Taft, upon the reconvening Of con-
gross, will ask for authority to use one
Of these vessels for the relief mission
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Adopt New Pistol for ARMY.

Washington, Dec. 26.-Secretarv Taft
has appointed board of officers to meet
January 10 at the Springfield armorv,
Springfield, Mass, for the purpose of
ascertaining design of automatic pistol
or revolver best adapted to fulfill the
requirements of the military service.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Eager TO See Roosevelt

Manila, Dec. 29.-The Filipino peo-
pie are elated over pres reports that
President Roosevelt contemplated visit
ing the islands next sumner. The ma
tive press received the announcement
with enthusiasm.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1907-01-03
Pioneer of Alfalfa Growing.

Topeka, Kan, Dec. 2S.- HARRISON
Parkmau, the man who first brougl
alfalfa from South America and plant
cd it in the United States, died nj
Emporia, Kan, aged 73 years.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17

first filling the outlines of the edges
with a fllingin or darning cotton.
For bedspreads. crib covers and table
covers, pillow shams, pillow cases, or
bolsters,j the design should be worked
on rather heavy quality of linen
But It may be easily worked out In
sheet material and applied to personal
linen. A monogram worked inside the
wreath will add greatly to It's beauty,
used either on household or personal
linen
The outline should first be run with
single thread of the embroidery cot.
ton. In doing the over-andover stitcn
take up as few threads of the material
as possible, only enough to hold.
Keep the stitches absolutely even. Use
fine mercerized cotton About a
dozen skeins will be needed to work
the three designs.
The design would also be suitgble
for a blouse decoration.-Mon
Herald.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
Woman M. P.'s Mishap.

One of the women members Of the
Finnish diet met with a laughable
mishap recently while attending the
sttings of a legal committee Bored
by the proceedings she bestrode her
chair and rocked to and fro with her
feet clear or the ground. Suddenly
she overbalanced and fell above the
chair, with which she battled for some
moments as she lay on the floor The
equality of the sexes is coming to be
looked upon so much as a matter of
course that the male members of the
committee, not concealing their appre.
citation OF the humor of the situation,
are reported to have been ungallant
enough to refrain from expressing re,
gret at the mishap.-London Mail.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
PITTSBURa

Pittsburg. Pa, Sept. 17.-Cattle-
Supply light; market steady Choice
6 .35 % ESQ; prime a $50; good
3 .G5 "a 80; tidy butchers, 5.25 a
3 60; fair 40 a $40; heifers, 3
"a 5; fat COWS, 2 "a 4.25; bulls, 2.25
"a 4.5O; good fresh sows and spring
ers, 500 a $50.
Sheep and Supply light, mar
ket slow; prime wethers, $50 a
3 G5; good mixed 5.25 a $50 fair
mixed, 4.GO @ 10; culls and COM
mon a 81 lambs, . D 7.50; YEA
calves 8 "a $50; heavy and thin
4 50 a $50.
Hogs-Receipts light, market slow
and lower. Prime heavy $40 a
6 50; medium heavy and light york
ers, 6 80 a G.S5; pigs. $50 a GAO
Iroughs, ; a $40; stays, @ 4.5O
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
Horns on Horse,s Skull.

A recently acquired abnormality Of
the British museum is the skull of an
English horse showing a pair of
rudimentary horns on the forehead
Older specimens are a portion of a
similar skull with the horns and mod
els of the foreheads of two thorough
breds having horns. The skin extends
uniformly over the horns, with no sign
of thickening or hardening. Just what
these hornlike growths signify is per-
picking naturalists, as none of the an
cestral horses or Immediately related
species we're horned animals, and If
Shere is no hereditary influence 1t is
remarkable that so many freak ap-
pendages should appear in the same
place.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
UNION STOCK YARDS

Union Stock Yards, Ms, Sept. H..
Cattle RECEIPTS 10000; estimated
for Wednesday, $4,000; market weak,
1Oc lower Prime beeves, $40 a.
7.2O: poor to medium, a . 80;
stockers and feeders, 2.75 "a .; cows
and heifers, $50 a 5.35; Gamers,
/ 80 a 2.IO; Texans, $50 a 5.25;
westerns. 3 90 D 10.
Hogs Receipts $4,000; estimated
for Wednesday 2G,OOO; market steady
to 10c lower. Light COS a ESQ;
rough 8. 80 a $50; mixed $40 a
q. so; .heavy 5.7j a 20; pigs, (d
Cps.
Sheep Receipts 10000: estimated
for Wednesday 10000; market steady
Native sheep, a 5.5O western
sheep. $40 a 5.G5; native lambs
4 60 a 7.35; western lambs, 90 a
$50.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
CHASE REAL ESTATE CO
THE ANTS EGG TRADE.
Russian Gatherer Has Insects Help
Him in Collecting.

Ants eggs come in the main from
Russia. They are the best food OBJ
tainable for gold fish, and canaries
and other cage birds thrive ons them
wonderfully. They cost about SO
cents pint. In the forests. of south
ern Russia ant nests abound The
Russian egg hunter does not do his
own collecting there-he makes the
poor ants do it for him. Selecting a
hot, sunny day. the man first erects
little piles of twigs, a dozen or more
of them, near the thickest colonies,
and then he kicks open all the nests
in the neighborhood. The ants know
that their eggs, thus exposed to the
sun would be made sterile In few
hours, and they take them up and
hurry to place them under the nearest
shelter. The nearest shelter is, OF
course, the little pile of twigs, and
under each of these there are soon
heaped/ the eggs from a hundred
nests. The egg hunter, after a smoke
and nap, has nothing to do but gath
er up his spoil and dump 1t in his
sack. He ships the eggs In hundred,
weight bags, all over the world.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17

Well, make the affair informal, and
in consequence most enjoyable. l
should ask each guest to bring a bit
of needework and q picture of herself
taken at least 25 years ago. These
pictures when circulated will promote
conversation, and to the person guess
ing the most little souvenir may be
awarded Then l should have a pro-
gramme of songs and instrumental
pieces, such as Flow Gently, Sweet
Alton" "Malden's Prayer" annie
Laurie" "Blue Bells of Scotland" etc,
About the middle Of the afternoon
pass grape juice punch made by 1av-
oripg grape juice with lemon, max
ing very sweet and freezing. Just be-
fore serving place a spoonful of whip
ped cream on top of each glass.
In the dining room have the table
lighted with candles and lady to pre-
side at the tea urn and coffee urns,
Pass dainty chicken sandwiches,
olives, nuts, peppermint and small
cakes and waters. This is a great
sufiiciency for an afternoon party.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
SLEEVES TO BE SMALLER.
Cold Weather Wraps viii Necessitate
the Change.

The jumper in its latest form is
somewhat on surpliced lines and Is
frequently provided with one length
or another of those mandarin sleeves
which it helped to introduce. But there
is no gainsaying that the mandarin
sleeve is certainly to be curtailed with
the advance of colder weather, for the
winter wrap has necessarily less
roomy sleeves than that of summer.
That sleeves are shrinking is shown
in those used with the new draped
bodices, which cling more closely to
the figure than did the ordinary
jumper waist. These draped bodices
follow surplice lines front and back,
but blouse slightly over the girdle in
front, unless the figure be rather
plump, when no extra fulness Is per-
mitted,
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
The Woman Warned.

There is the woman who rates her
husbands talk as so much superficial
ity. He perhaps has warned her that
her friendship with a rather gay neigh
Dor is injudicious.
She turns up her nose at this bit of
information but after a while he sees
that she is not associating as much as
formerly with the aforesaid gay neigh
Dor. The truth of the matter is that
some time previously this same wife
of his might have been seen furtively
mounting a stoop in a certain part Of
the city and there ringing "A doorbell.
meanwhile glancing up and down the
street like a hunted hare; going In,
she paid out good dollar and received
much gabbled advice from a woman
with blinking eyes, amongst the rest a
warning to avoid light woman who
lives not far from her. For what is a
mere husbands advice compared to
that of a fortune tellers?
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
GOWNS FOR THE EVENING.
cllnelne Materials Have the Call for
This Season.

All black dinner gowns are at their
best when made of materials soft and
semi-transparent, soft silks, poplins,
lansdowne and such fabrics, which
naturally adapt themselves to the
modes for evening wear Colleen pop.
lin, soft, clnging, lustrous weave,
popular in the seasons range of ma.
terials, make this gown of princess
persuasion II is really made in two
pieces, skirt and bodice, but so eff
fectively Joined that it looks to be a
one-piece costume. The skirt is
tucked over the hips between panels
of black lace applique bands and has
two deep tucks, below clusters of tiny
pin tucks, between the hem and sew
eral inches about the knee. The
decollette bodice, cut rounding in back
and pointed In front, is a simple baby
waist with simple trimmings of the
applique, and short, very full puff
sleeves, shirred and banded with the
lace, and finished with a double frill
of black chiffon. From the empire
waistline in the back depends an EN-
pire sash of black chiffon. Long black
glace gloves come well up under the
short puff, so that none of the arm is
visible between the sleeve and the top
of the glove. An attractive accessory
is the band of black velvet ribbon
about the throat finished with a bow
at the back of the neck
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
Affection astwssn Senators.

There was sincere affection be-
tween the late Alabama senators, Nor
gan and Pettus. 1t is said that Pettus
adored Morgan. He looked up to him
as few men look up to other men.
When Morgan passed away the fading
old veteran lost all interest in life.
These things sound unbelievable, per.
haps, to a skeptlcal modern time but
Morgan and Pettus did not belong to
a modern time, They were relies of
an elder age. They passed away al
most together. The death of one pre-
ceded and, the Alabama men say.
brought about the death of the other.
Together they lie in Selma, where,
side by side, they lived Tor 4O years.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
Daily Aarket Report
EAST BUFFALO.

East Buffalo, N. Y, Sept. II. Cat
tie Receipts $50; market steady.
Veal calves Receipts 25O; market
slow, 25c lower; top yeals, S.75 a 81;
Gull to fair, 3 rs "a $50.
Sheep and lambs Receipts 1000;
slow, lambs 10c- lower. Sheep
steady. ,Choice lambs, 7.45 az 7.7j;
Gull to fair, 5.25 m 7.j0; yearlings,
. so a 6; wethers, . 80 a 5.75; ewes
4.5O % 3; mixed sheep, 2.7j a 5.25.
Hogs-Receipts $3.50; market act
i've, a 15c higher. Workers. G.75
@ G.9O; pigs, $50; mixed $50 a
ESQ; heavies, 6.25 CG $50; roughs
Il .25 a 5.G5; stays, 4.25 a AS.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
The Wreath May Be enlarged for

The wreath May ne GnlaT9eu TOT
Bureau Scarf or CoVerlet.
cry being either In white or the delft
or pale blues, or in the more delicate
pinks.
While the conservative woman Will
perhaps prefer the pure white In the
decoration OF her household linens,
the embroidery done on the pale blues
or the pastel shades is newer as well
Rs more effective.
The design given is dainty ar
rangement of the empire wreath, that
can be quickly and easily worked even
by the comparatively hnskilled work
er. It has no new stitches, and the de-
sign is simplicity itself.
The berries and tiny leaves are
padded and then worked in the satin
design. Or, If desired. the berries may
be worked in the eyelet embroidery
though for bedroom and table linen
It will be found more practical in the
end to work them solid
The design repeated at Intervals
over a large space. may be worked out
as crib cover, and may be applied
In Ike manner TO bedspread, ahams
inflow cases, sheets or holsters.
The edge should be bDltonholed
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17

Ask your friends to come in a cos
tune representing some one whose
birthday occurs in that month, or to
wear something indicative of their
own birth month. For January the
stone is a garnet; the especial days
would be New Years" and Twelfth
Night" There will be no dullness at
this party.
For refreshments have q big birth.
day cake with candles; q good way
to arrange the candles is TO put the
cake on n block of wood and stick the
candle holders in it so as not to mar
the frosting. Then for something diff
ferent in refreshments | would have
escalloped chicken or sweetbreads,
minced ham and olive sandwiches,
salted pistachio nuts, molasses kisses
and macaroon ice cream. Grape Juice
and coffee to drink, with doughnuts
for the men, never knew creature
of the masculine persuasion who did
not audibly express his pleasure at
the sight of "fried holes" as q young
ster of my acquaintance calls them
To add zest to the occasion, you might
offer prizes for the costume or charac-
ter hardest to guess
1t is very little more trouble to get
up costume party than to go in regu-
lation evening dress, and the pleasure
is infinitely more, from the fact that
every one is equally interested.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
A Few Choice City Bargains

a rev GnOlCe lily bargains
/. Most beautiful complete mod
ern home. Nicely located on street
car line, Price reduced from $1,000
to $500 on account of health. Go
with me and see it.
2. Modern residence, In nne con-
dition. Delightful shade good part
city. Well cheaper than the cheap
est. Look at this.
3. A poor mans friend. House
5 rooms large lot for another
house. Everything nice. Every
room and closets papered; painted
inside and out. This is your chance.
Easy payments. Good street and
only $1,000. A step onward for a
Home.
4. Another rooms. Every
room nicely papered, painted in
side and out. Barn. 2 10 squares
from City Hall only one price
S2500 90.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
CLEVEL,AEN

Cleveland, Sept. 17.-Hogs-Re-
ceipts 20 cars, shipments light. steady
yorkers 6 .G5 a GO; mixed G.GO a
6 .G5; heavies G.35 a $40; best pigs
6 % "a $50; stays and roughs, 4 a
3 80.
Calves--Receipts 200; slow.
Cattle Receipts 2 cars; quiet.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
MISCELLANEOUS

SPECIAL ENGLISH CLASS-Begin-
ming October |, The School of Com
merce will start a Special Glass i'm
English, teaching Penmanship,
Arithmetic, Spelling, Reading, Let
ter Writing, Composition, etc. A
good chance for all deprived of
early schooling, Teachers, Bauer and
Flicker. Telephone 1890. Office
open every evening this month.
9-1G-Gt
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
HEALTH AND BEAUTY.

To rub the feet with alcohol re-
freshes them wonderfully and nothing
is as good for them as a vigorous alco-
hol rub after they have been wet or
cold.
II is useless to observe rules FOR
having q good complexion and to go
in for dieting to clear the skin II one
is not particular as to the kind of
soap used.
The complexion brush is quick
beautifler. A good scrub with 1t opens
clogged. pores, relieves muddy skin
and removes the greasy, disagree
able appearance so often seen,
A good brushing is even more i'm.
portant to the hair than thorough
combing Many persons seem to
think that when the knots are out o!
the hair it needs nothing more than
arrangement.
Red lips are important. The
2arisiafs are 50 determined to have
cherry lips that they redden their lips
and make no secret of It, They use
vegetable preparations that are not
poisonous
Once a week 1t 10 a good thing tc
awe the teeth extra attention beyond
.he three brushings with water and g
powder or other preparation, made
aecessary every day by ordinary
cleanliness, Examine them carefully
for any decayed or broken places tha
may mean o visit TO the dentists, ruI
dental floss between every two teetl
and finish with a gargle and wasl
with one of the prepared antiseptics
[, Il Is worth the time in the saving o
dentists bills.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
Flower.Decorated Pews.

It is not enough now that altar and
,hancel should be lavishly decorated
With flowers and foliage. A fashion
$ coming in for decorating the church
,ews with flowers on the occasion of
wedding. Big lunches Of lilies or
my desired flower with long stalks
ire fastened on the aisle side of each
pew, and these outstanding floral
,heaves are joined to one another by
festoon of smilax or other trailing
scenery. AS the bride walks up to
he altar she passes through a charm
n6 floral arbor.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
NEW yoRY PRODUCE

New York, Sept. 17.--ButteT-Re-
ceipts 1872; choice firm; creamery
extra q 1-2: state dairy tubs finest
26 f-2 a 27; factory frsts 90 a l-2
Eggs-Recclpts 1O45S; choice, firm.
nearby white fancy 2S q 3O do ex-
ira mixed % a 27 western nrsts 22
a % IL; do seconds 10 a 20.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
DESIGNS FOR LINEN
EMBROIDERlEs THAT ARE JUST
NOW MOST POPULAR.
Empire styles ornamented in White
Pale Blues or Pink Find Favor
in the Eyes of House
wives

Dainty bedroom and table linen has
a certain fascination for the majority
of women, and it may be said that
there are few other household acces'
sories which afford so much opportu'
nifty for decoration.
Empire designs for the bedroom and
table linen are having a special run
of popularity this year, the embroid-
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
n Mirror Want I'D. Will Find You Buyer

gowns and wraps OF silk and Velvet,
especially for town wear. These light
colored tailor-mades are also greatly
liked for the autumn race meets, horse
shows and other occasions when ex.
ceedingly elaborate costumes would be
too conspicuous.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
A sUDeEr OF QUESTIONS.
Advice and Suggestions Contributed
by Madame Merri.

In Introducing a young profession.
al man should the ladies be presented
TO him or vice versa? Does the age
of the ladies make any difference in
the above question. Is it proper for a
young lady to ask young man into
the house after seeing her home at
night, If they are but slightly ac-
quainted? Is it necessary to ask him
to call? JACK AND JILL
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
Llaht coIored cloth costunes.

Mauye, white and tan tailor mades
are coming more and more into vogue
with young women who have not car
rlages and automobiles at their call,
for light colored cloth costume may
be made to look. quite as elaborate as
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
AUCTIONEERS

AUCTIoNEERING-J. W. CLARK
will cry sales OF every description
at reasonable rates. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Your interest Is my
interest. office rooms, Court street
Both phones, Marion. Ohio.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
FOR SALE

The heirs of John NJ. Hochstetter
deceased, will offer for sale, the old
homestead, situated on the Imbody
pike in Green Camp township, Ma
rion county, consisting Of SITS acres.
For price per acre and terms of sale,
see +. NJ. Hochstetter at Marion
Department company or address 317
South Vine street. 9-li-7t
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17

A man is always presented to
woman and the age of the woman
makes no difference. If the hour is
late il is not customary to ask AN
escort to the house no matter how
well acquainted. 1t is not necessary
70 ask man to call but 1t is perfect
ly proper to say an evening that you
will be at home.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
Green russore parasoIs-

Many green tussore parasols with
sashes oE~green tussore, frlnged aad
kn0tted in front, are won with white
or natural tinted sUwea-From u
Paris Letter to Vcsas
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17
Afternoon for Elderly Ladies'.

Dear Madame Merri:-I wish to en-.
tertain about 40 middle-aged ladies'.
What shall / do and what shall |
serve? MYRTLE.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1907-09-17

From three to six is the age limit
but some kindergarten have added
primary department which enables
them to remain after six years of age.