davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11

MEN OF MANY LANGUAGES.
Cardinal Mezzofanti Probably the
Greatest Linguist of them All.

Fifty-eight languages at the end Of
ones tongue! Yet this was the num-
Der of tongues of which the Cardinal
Mezzofanti was master, and the most
wonderful thing about ii. was that
nearly all of these different languages
had several separate dialects. Mezzo-
fanti was probably the greatest lin.
guist the world has ever known. To
hear a language was with him to
speak 1t. He was a mar with three
score words for every idea, and he
laid his great attachments to his excel.
lent memory and to the fact that
once hearing a word he never forgot
1t.
jeremiah Curtin, the translator Of
"Quo Vadis," is credited with speak
ing go languages and dialects.
There are few men nowadays who
pass the mark of a speaking knowl-
edge of ten languages. Six or eight
seem to be the limit even with men
Of great learning. Mithridates, Pico
and Sir William Jones were said to
be masters Of over 20 tongues, and
Sir John Bowring, Muller and Fres-
mel are said to have spoken In 90
The Sunday Magazine.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
Striking Funeral.

Birmingham, Ala.-One OF the most
striking funerals ever held in Birming-
ham was that this afternoon Of Adju-
tant Libbie Orchard Of the Salvation
Army. Present at the funeral were
Maj. ]. NJ. Bergman, who came from
Baton Rouge, La, and Mrs. Brigadler
Bowl Of New York, superintendent Of
the rescue work in the United States.
Adjutant Orchard was accidentally
burned to death. She has worked all
" the United States and has spent
much time In India and Australia. The
body was sent to Craigville, Canada.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
COMPLAINS TO STATE OF WITCH.
Farmer Who Has Poor Luck Con,
WINGED of Bad Spirits.

Harrisburg, PAT have had no
luck no more no way. | am convinced
that / have been bewitched, and wish
you would give me something against
it." was the close Of a letter received
by State Zoologist Surface. The let.
ter cam from a farmer intae eastern
part of the state. The man says that
In a year he has lost three farms, his
horses died, his hens grew fat and
would not lay, his SQUAD factory"
turned out a dismal failure, and his
bees proved worthless, while porkers
of the same breed that used to yield
$50 pounds at nine months now gave
only 100 pounds at a year.
Surface says the man had been try.
ing to do too many things at once, and
he will write him and tell him to spe.
c~ialize, but the state will not stand for
the witch.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
SURELY VANISHING
HUNTERS IN AFRICA BECOMING
CONCERNED OVER DECREASE.
Gradual Disappearance of Wild Prizes
Once Found In Large Numbers
Leads to London Movement for
Establishment of Preserves.

London.-The gradual disappear.
ance of big game In Africa has stirred
the English authorities to take some
steps toward its preservation, ard the
idea Of constituting reservations on
the lines of Yellowstone park in the
United States, has been proposed.
A report that was issued recently
by the game commission in the Eng.
lish possessions in East Africa shows
the remarkable number of big game
hunters nowadays, as compared with
a few years ago.
Brig. Gen, Swayne, reporting on
the reduction of game in Somaliland,
says that in n place in 1891 he es-
timated some 10000 animals, where
now he finds only a dozen at a time.
1t was not IN uncommon thing Is
years ago, he says, for a hunter to go
and kill a couple of lions before break
fast.
The Uganda district, the commits
sion says, nets big game hunters a
revenue of 500, 900 every year. Ele-
plants are becoming so scarce in this
district that 1t is proposed to re-
strict the sale of cow ivory or tusks
below a certain weight. An effort was
made to train African elephants for
such work a sthe Indian elephants do,
but 1t was found to be impracticable.
1t is a curious fact that the African
elephant has a concave back and the
Indian animal a convex. the latter be-
ing much more easily loaded.
In certain parts Of British East At
RIGA, however, lions are as plentiful
as ever An average of so a year are
killed. When a lion kills a native in
Somaliland, the young men of the vii
lage go out on horseback, locate the
lion, and then gallop round and round
him. AS the lion turns swiftly around
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
ANARCHISTS ARE RAlDED.
Emma Goldman and Alexander
Berkman Arrested,

New York. - Alexander Berkman,
who last summer was released from
States prison after having served four
teen years, for an attack on Henry 9.
Frick, following the Homestead, Pa,
riots of 1892, Emma Goldman and two
others were arrested today by detec-
tives who broke up an anarchists meet
ing. Emma Goldman made the speech
which moved the police to action, while
Berkman exhorted the audience to dis
obey the command to dispense.
The other prisoners are John r. Cor
yell, who presided at the meeting, and
Israel L. Schwartz, a youth of l6 years,
who refused to leave the hall when it
was cleared. Emma Goldman is charged
with giving utterance to incendiary
speeches. Berkman and Coryell are
held as accessories.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
DuSTN&I:.:z,
zNEcHzHl95
HOMEMADE DRAFT GAUGE,
How One Can Be Easily Made in the
Home Work Shop.

Screw two pieces OF | inch pipe
about eight inches long into a 1 inch
return bend, and put a reducer on
the top end of each pipe, reducing 1t
to u inch. Remove the plunger from
a small bicycle pump and solder a
piece OF copper on the top of the
pump, making 1T alright. This Is to
be used for a float, as It drops down
in one of the 1 inch pipes nicely.
Remove the pressure spring from q
small steam gauge and attach the
gauge To one end Of the pipe as shown
in the Illustration. Solder a fine stitf
brass wire to the center of the float,
letting the wire extend up through
the redncer to which the gauge Ia
screwed and connect the upper end
of the wire to the bottom corner of
the triangular ratchet Of the gauge,
Fill the U-tube with machine oil until
the float raises enough to turn the
hand back to zero, says the Engineers
Review.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
PURDY AT BROWNSVILLE.
Satisfied With the Result of His
Investigation.

San Antonio, Tex.-Milton d. Purdy,
assistant to the United States attorney
general, completed his labors here in
connection with his investigation into
the Brownsville affair, and left tonigh !
for Houston, where he will continue
the examination of witnesses.
Mr.. Purdy, In expressing his salts
faction with the results of his investi-
CATION, said: Regarding my work
from the standpoint of the Importance
of the evidence that / have secured
through the testimony of persons more
or less familiar with the Brownsville
occurrence, / can say that my efforts
here already have been rewarded"
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
GOES OVER LOUISVILLE FALLS
Man Walking on River From Gin
cinnati to New Orleans.

Louisville, Ky.-Before a crowd of
thousands Prof. Charles Oldreive, who
is walking on the water from Cincin-
natl to New Orleans on a wager Of
$1,000, gave an exhibition today. Ac-
companied by his wife, an expert oars
woman, in a canoe, Oldreive made a
hazardous trip over the falls. He was
gliding along in his cedar shoes when
be suddenly dropped below the surface
Of the stream, and would probably
have been drowned but for the prompt
action Of Mrs. oldreive, who was fol-
lowing him In a skif.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
CLARIFYING RAIN WATER.
How II Can Be Done by Extending
Spout to Bottom of Barrel.

Many people catch their rain water
In barrels placed under the caves
spout. In a long dry spell the roof
will become dirty, and the first rain
will fill the barrel with dirty water.
II the rain is long continued It may
clear itself, but will not II the shower
is of short duration. In the latter
case the barrel will be filled with
dirty water.
To clear the water, says a writer In
Popular Science, quickly extend the
spout within an inch or two Of the
bottom of the barrel. The incoming
water will stir up the water in the
barrel so that 1t will clear itself In
one.eighth OF the time ordinarily re-
CURED. This also applies to clsterns,
but the smaller the cistern the quick
the clarifying process.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
E%XC0RIATED HIM..
Divorced Wife Burns Up Former
Husband in Lunacy Trial.

Vicksburg, Miss.-"That man is q
liar and an infdel, and has 10 regard
for his oath. When / was his wife |
loved him and would have died for him,
but he mistreated me, and after | / had
borne him six children he became
ashamed of my appearance and had me
placed in the insane asylum. Then he
had me divorced and married again.
He has been giving me so u month
alimony. Now, in order to escape pay
ing this, he would have me again
placed in the asylum. | am as sane as
any one of you, though, God knows,
this is enough to drive a woman crazy"
Alice Elsessor, a white woman, made
this statement in a dramatic manner
last afternoon before a jury Of lunacy
and in the presence of her former hus-
band, Thomas j., Roddy, who, pale and
nervous, had not a word to say against
this excoriation.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11

building Is literally cast just as a plas-
ter cast or a bronze statue Is formed.
The boards form the moulds in which
the concrete is poured. They must be
left in position until the concrete Is
firm. The hardening requires several
weeks time. The result is that the
walls are hidden at present, and look
as II they were carefully boxed up In
boards to keep them warm.
The oddly OF Its appearance Is in
creased by the presence of two slender,
skeleton towers OF wood and the alb
sence Of derricks. There is no hoist
Ing Of heavy steel Orders over the
heads OF pedestrians, to their alarm.
The square, vertical frames rising so
high above the battlements that one
wonders that they do not fall down
before the slightest wind are the
shafts for hosting the concrete to the
top of the walls.
The taller Of the two has been built
to the height of the completed build
ing. Around 1t will be fastened the
moulds for the openings for one Of the
elevator shafts In the finished build.
ing.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
Our Bianess.

Bigness Is said TO be a quality
which appeals especially to Ameri.
cans. However that may be, a purely
scientific interest justfies the spread.
ing Of information contained in a re.
cent bulletin Of the United States
Geological Survey about the size OF
the United States. The area of the
United States proper, exclusive Of
Alaska, island dependencies and the
Panama strip. is given as 3,026. 7S9
square miles. The absence hitherto
OF an Official standard resulted In a
discrepancy between the computations
OF the census bureau and tho general
land Office. A conference raj called
between these departments and the
geological survey and the bulletin Of
the geological survey Il the result
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
"Mind Your P's and Q's."

There are two accounts Of the origin
Of the expression Mind your P's and
Q's." According to one, 1t arose from
the early method used in public houses
Of charging customers for the amount
of beer they had consumed IN credit.
P stood for pint, @ for quart, and as
the scores were settled weekly, 1t was
necessary for the topper to watch his
P's and Q's.
According to the other story, the
phrase owes Its origin to the difficulty
the printers devil has experienced
from time immemorial in distinguish
ing between the lower case P's and Q's
Of the Roman type. The similarity
between the two letters is so great,
particularly when they are reversed
as in the process Of distributing, that
the printers apprentice is always
warned by the foreman to mind his
P's and Q's."-The Sunday Magazine.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
Uncle Sam Third.

Washington. "A statement by the
bureau Of statistics Of the department
Of m and labor which was
issued today that this coun-
try 10Y ranks third In the value OF
manufactures entering the worlds in
ternational commerce. the amount of its
exports for the past year having aggre-
gated more than s700, 900. 900. The ex-
ports have never even Appropriated
those figures before, and the value OF
American trade In the foreign markets,
the report adds, is twice as great now
as eight years ago.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
INCREASE IN IMMIGRANTS.
Total Number of Immigrant Aliens
Admitted During Year HOO, 735.

Washington. The fiscal year ended
June 30, 1906, produced a record, eelips-
ing all former figures on the subject Of
immigration, according to the annual
report OF Frank Sargent, the commits
sioner general of immigration. During
that period, the report says, the popu-
lation of the United States was in
creased by the admission OF LOO, 1876
immigrants, aliens entered at its ports,
making the total admission l, l66, 1853.
The increase over last years record
of 1859, 755, Q,026, 4s9 aliens, plus 49,
256 transits) was LOG, sos. During the
fiscal year 1905, ll,is0 aliens were re-
iected, and during the past year l2,432,
Of the immigrants aliens, that is, those
who intended settling in the United
States, there were 746,i 63 males and
1886, 272 females.
The countries from which we former
ly obtained the greater part Of the for
eign population, and which are inhab-
tied by races nearly akin to our own,
supplied us with smaller numbers dur
ing the past year than during l905--lre-
land, 1880; Sweden, 3,2Sl; Germany,
800; Denmark, 1929, and Scotland,
LII less. On the other hand the four
most considerable gains are Italy, 81
GAL; Russia, 80, 7Ss; Greece, S,974, and
Turkey I'm Europe and Asia), 5,l65.
The immigration from Austria-Hun-
gary amounted to 265, 1873; Italy, includ-
ing Sicily and Sardinia, 27S,l 20; Rus
sian Empire and Finland, 2l5,665;
l,544; Japan, 1885, and the
West Indies. 1885.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
Relic Of Famous Fighter Placed II
Navy Department Library.


Washington.--In practically the
same condition as when 1t was used
by its famous owner, the sword Of
John Paul Jones now rests in the H.
brary Of the navy department, where
1t has been placed by Commander
Reginald Nicholson.
1t is believed that the weapon orig
inally was given to Jones by the North
Carolina family Of that name at the
time he changed his W name In com
pliment to them.
The sword was given to Jones by
Theodosla Burr, daughter Of Aaron
Burr. Theodosia Burr, after she was
married to Joseph Aston, q wealthy
planter Of South Carolina, who in az
ter years became governor Of the
state, presented tho sword to Judge
Matthew Davis, Of Charleston, who
gave It to the Rev. DR.. Ducachet, Of
Philadelphia. and be gave it 70 Com
mod0re Eummervtlle Nicholson, and
the commodore gave It to III present
owner, Commandse Nichclson.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
LDITOR

It is much easier to improve the
outside appearance Of a cottage house
than any other style OF habitation. A
cottage lends itself to a decorative
scheme in a very easy manner. 1t
may be surrounded with vines, trees.
flowers or s~hrubbery in almost any
kind Of ~profusion and look well every
lime. This is no reason, however, for
planting the grounds in a promiscuous
manner. 1t is easy enough to lay out
a plan and work to 1t.
There should be an ezpanse OF lawn
either in front or at the side that Is
entirely free of flowers or shrubbery.
Nothing but nicely mown grass has
any business in the main lawn. There
may be borders Of plants and borders
of flowers next to the house and along
the fences. There may be fruit bushes
and fruit trees If the lot is big enough,
the more the better, until they crowd
each other, but there should be sys-
tenn in 1t all. On a large town or vii
lage lot a great deal of fruit may be
grown in the back garden.
1t helps the general appearance Of
the home to have the fruit garden
definitely defined by a low hedge. The
hedge may be permanent or it may
be Of annual plants or perennials. 1t
may be composed Of foliage plants,
towering shrubs, or such flowers as
the saliva, dahlia, chrysanthemums,
etc.
A screen covered with climbing
cucumber (the greenhouse sort), scar.
let runners, sweet peas, morning
glories, moor flower. etc, is useful
in some places, pretty, too.
When a person gets interested in
growing vines, shrubs and flowers
they find a great many varieties suit
able for one place or another in the
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
Rise Of Two Street Waits.

The accidental meeting in Kansas
City a few days ago Of two ex-gov-
ernors seems to illustrate the pftre-
peated statement that "the republic is
opportunity" Fifty years ago two
street waits Of New York did not seem
to have q fair start in the world. John
Brady was, Is he says, "a little Nick"
with no home but the streets, and
ANDY" Burke had the same home.
They were friends. Sent as homeless
boys to an Institution on the island.
they heard an oflcial read q letter
from another wait who had been sent
To Indiana. The letter told OF the won
dsrs Of farm life and impressed them
20 deeply that they clambered aboard
! train for the west. Burke reached
North Dakota, where In the course of
years he was elected governor. Brady
went 70 Alaska, where after 4'strtkinG
~ " - appointsd gcvernOr.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11

inc united STATES lighthouse board
has decided to extend the submarine
signal system to a number of import
ant lightships on the Atlantic coast
as a result of tests made the past
summer. The submarine bell and Its
operation were fully described in the
August, 1905, Popular Mechanics. Sig.
mails were transmitted and read as far
as Is miles. The lightship sounds Its
number on a submarine bell hung
over the side of the ship at a depth
of Is or 20 feet. The navigator re-
ceiying the signal locates the light.
ship by referring to Its number on his
chart.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11

MA William A. Radford will answer
guss12ns and give advice FREE OF
COST Yon all subjects pertaining to the
subject Of building for the readers OF this
apa On account of his wide expe-
rience as Editor. Author and Manufac-
turer, he Ii, without doubt, the highest
authority on all these subjects. Address
AL inquiries to William A. Radford, No.
enclose two-cent stamp for reply.
a .five4room cottage that is con.
venient and that looks neat and com
portable is not easily planned. There
are many difficulties in the way OF
@ying out living rooms and bedrooms
"a one floor. Cottage house plans
ave brought grey hairs to the heads
Sef many architects and a good deal
MI comfort to the owners after they
IRE built and paid for.
Formerly families were not so hard
Ia please as they are at the present
me; in fact, a hundred years ago
e most fastidious and exclusive of
Nj forefathers thought they were
lite comfortable in a log cottage
wing two rooms and a loft. The
|4zpnt room answered for parlor, sit
lteg room, bedroom and general liv-I
4g room, while the kitchen did serv4
IN for general work, comprising cook
|9Ag, washing and storage for wood.
vegetables and many other things. A
title round bottom table In one corr
M did service for a dining table.
Ihts table often was made by split.
ing a log in the middle and inserting
lengths cut from saplings for legs la
thh rounded side.
Emce the good old times, however,
cottage houses have passed, through a
wonderful evolution. A little i'm.
pavement a be traced through
each generation, until the present
plAns offer as much comfort aid
psfvacy as a two-story house. 41r
III Esq.,. k4rsr" -
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
Seven Billions In Railroads,

There were 2l7,341 miles Of com.
pleted railroads In the United States
at the end of 1905, according to fig.
ures compiled by Poor's Manual for
1906. This is a net increase In 1905
Of 4,715 miles.
Capital stock represented amounted
to $6,741 ,956,s25, according to the
same authority. The bonded debt was
F,425,261,901. The total liabilities OF
the lines aggregate 1922, S8j,s22,
against $15,495, 504, 651 In 1904.
The cost Of the roads and their
equipment Is figured at $l2,1 43.997,-
551, against 81, 664, 191,13 in the pre-
vious year. The total traffic revenue
vas 50, 112,f97,770, with operating ex.
penses OF $1,36S, 549,574. Passengers
numbered 745,446,641. They were
carried %, 900, 420, 66S miles.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
ALLIGATOR Skin and OIL.

The demand for alligator skins has
for a long time past been so great
that the manufacture Of limitations
has attained a point where even ex-
perts may be deceived. At least such
Is said to be the case in Europe.
where alligator" skins that grew on
the backs of sheep are passed for the
genuine article. In order to increase
the supply of the real skins the pos
sibility has been considered OF raising
alligators In some Of the French de-
tendencies. Alligator oil, or grease,
Is also in great demand, being EN-
ployed largely in the manufacture Of
chamois leather.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11

Bakersfield, Cal.--Miner Hicks,
whose sudden rise to ~notoriety through
his entombment for Is days made him
the object of many show offers, has
been engaged by N. j.. Schmidt of
Berkeley at a salary of $500 per week
for one year. The first exhibition was
given in BakersvilIe. Harry Linville,
prominent in the rescue work, was en-
gagged to act as lecturer, and two OF
the miners also were taken along.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11

expense Of furnhin; q full.
house and they dh't liant the
and trouble Of kepiE 1t up.
families are suitbleIsubiects
cympathy because tky Iok lone.
but they do looks deaf deal
comfortable in a ieat little cot.
house than when THY under.
2 Scatter themsekesI through
8erent rooms Of amde preten-
Aabitation.s
- Of men and women koI them.
- BY building a houS several
larger than they reilly need.
do 1t out of pride. hey want
~pcrtunity to show ON and they
slly get disappointed. They can
themselves alright cough, but
they get left Is in tie s~atisfac-
lording 1t over their less pros
but more sensible. nelghbors.
sort % bully business in which
Iressive party usually feels !
Us effect The hing hits
Ian needs but little here be.
needs that little long" but
neeas and his wants are two
rent propositions.
|ttle cottage is 81 feet wide
~ feet 8 inchad idAg. with
n extra. The ln II laid
N0od height b{ve ground.
much mors Icomfortsbls
cottage n Il ~ we'll set
bottom A. windows
1909 Than Mans head,
- tho1GA you might
y dpsa thout seetng
t51 uawlx -
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
HAS JOHN PAUL JONES' SWORD.

1t is 30 inches long, beautiful In de.
sign, very strong, highly tempered and
still very mild. The hilt is of white
brass with the portion known tech
nically as the basket broken away
The tang is wide and strong and the
grip piece of the handle is of wood
covered with twisted copper wire.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11
Enterprise Of American Girls.

Americans In London are astonish.
ed at the enterprise shown by Miss
Bessie and Miss Natalie Enos of West.
chester county, New York, two young
women who are doing a paying lin.
gerie and fancy goods business near
Berkeley square. Those popular girls
have given UP all social frivolities and
mean to make the business a success.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-01-11

gra1dfathers had an open fireplace
II has pleased the present gen.
ION to retain this idea, although
greatly modified form. We
MT so much room to waste on
work and we don't need such a
opening, because we don't cook
1.-THE fireplace any mae and we
k4n't any logs or cord wood sticks
81 rid of, SO we buid a little
affair that looks nee, and If
Ire lucky enough to hive a draft
lent to draw the sm'ke up the
|ffney we can maintaii a handful
Goals for companioship, while
\ bat the house with afurnace.
ere are a great manysmal4 fami-
&hat may be accommodates In a
of this size. Theldon't need
more room, they don card to go