Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-02-01
MORE SAFEGUARDS NEEDED
Establishment of Certified Diaries is
Advocated.
SOME CONVINCING FIGURES
Impossible to Inspect All the Sources
Whence Fluid Is obtained-Pro-
ducers Trapped by Dyes.


being attributed to the supply of impure
milk and 80 serious is the situation in
Chicago that the health authorities have
asked the people to forego social functions
and use that time for general cooperation
with them in improving the health condi-
ton. The western situation was probably
one Of the reasons for large attendance
at the Academy of Medicine last night
when the milk situation and it, needs were
discussed by DR.. R. s. Freeman and DR..
Thomas Darlington health commissioner.
and W. Fl. Allen Of the Association for
Improving the Condition of,the Poor
DR.. Freeman advocated especially the es-
adjustment of certified milk dairies and
also of pasteurizing the milk. as is done in
the Straus milk agencies. DR.. Darlington
had no public comment to make on pas
teurizng milk. and contented himself with
showing what efforts were being made by
the city to purify the milk at the sources
of its supply. 1t is understood that DIR.
Darlington believes that if pasteurizing is
to be done, the individuals, rather than the
health authorities. should do this work.
man who was authorized to tell what
his views were said that the health COM
missioner did not believe in the city going
into the cooking business for the people at
large, one reason being that there was al
ready too much paternalism.
Traced to Impure Milk.
DR.. Freeman said that milk in the days
before sanitary methods were employed in
it's care was largely comparable to sewage.
so far the germs were concerned. He
said millions OF germs We're to be found in
1t. and that these came from dirt on the
hands of the mixers. on the cows and In
the water and utensils used in storing and
selling the product. He declared that in
recent years no less than 100 typhoid cpl
denies, 80 scarlet fever epidemcs and %
diphtheria epidemics had been traced to
impure milk as their sole cause High in
FAINT mortality may be traced almost eX-
clusvey to it.
Dr. Freeman said that there were three
agencies for lettering conditions. One was
largely to increase the force OF inspectors
that the board of health is now using. He
said that If 1t had the money the board
could do much more than it is doing now
in lowering the death rate by securing pure
milk ale praised the establishments run
on strictly hygenic principles and whose
product is certified to by medical authori-
ties. Only about 1900 quarts of such milk,
he declared. comes into New York day.
Then he praised the pasteuriZing processes
and said that they were first established In
Paris in 1892 and had been copied by most
European countries and by countries in
South America and South Africa. He de-
clared that the death rate of babies in Paris
had been reduced from ITO per cent to
4.06 per cent
Infant Death Rate.
The Straus milk, he said, reaches only
LOGO babies in the city out of G., 900, and he
declared that the death rate of babies
fed on store milk was 10 per cent, while
that of babies fed on pasteurized milk was
only per cent 1t costs about 6 cents a
day to feed a body on pasteurized milk.
and Dr. Freeman figured that for the two
hot months of summer expenditure of
something like 1912 would save no less than
sixteen babies lives. He thought that S23
to a babys life was not>an excessive
sum for philanthropistS and city authorities
to ponder over.
Dr. Freeman then exhibited numerous
lantern slides showing dirty and clean
stables: showing map of Stamford, where
one milkman alone caused no less than
400 typhoid cases; showing how millions of
germs may be introduced into milk pail
from the dirt of the mixers hands and
by shaking the cows udder. He advo-
Gated reformed milk can. with the top
partly closed. so that these germs from the
COW could not be shaken into it. He also
gave illustrations of milking machine by
a vacuum process which has been tried
abroad with fair success and which pre-
vents the possibility of germs getting into
the milk unless they are in the cows udder
when she is MIXED.
Pasteurizing Justified.
Dr. Freeman presented table in closing
which showed that in the summer of the
babies raised on sterilized milk SO per cent
thrived and A per cent did not. On bottled
milk the figures were: Good results. 81 per
cent, and bad results. 80; condensed milk.
good 60 per cent, and bad, 40; PasteuriZed
milk. good results. 81 per cent and bad
results 10 per cent. Those figures, he said,
justified the Pasteurizing of milk.
DIR. Darlington said preventive measures
were better than corrective ones. and de-
clared that under the system which has
been in operation for two years this city
has today a purer milk supply than ever
before" He said that where he had fifteen
inspectors out in the country trying to I'M
prove the conditions OF the diaries he
should have eighty. He told what adulter-
ated milk consists of, according to the SAM
tary code, and then declared that in 1905
II, 7OS dairies in the state had been inspected
by the city authorities.
He said that about seven hundred such
inspections were made week. He declared
that no one knew exactly how many diaries
supplied New York with milk but that it
probably ran from 10000 to 10000. AL
though DR.. Darlington did not say so. 1t
was evident that 1t takes his inspectors
from three to seven years to get around to
them ALL IL they inspect only 11,OOO year.
He declared that the farmers were comply
ing with the city's requirements, because
otherwise they would hnd themselves In
trouble.
Help From Railroads.
DR.. Darlington told how. the railroad COM
panies had put on refrigerator cars In the
last two years anu naQ mace ample prep
arations for an Ice supply, spoke of the
crusade against COW stables In this city.
read the rules for the storage of milk in the
city and spoke OF the new rule established
this week, requiring the immediate cleans
ing of all milk receptacles as soon as they
are emptied.
DR.. Darlington said the board had found
that many persons had been sending refuse
back to the country In the empty cans. He
told how he himself found cans In that con-
dition last summer in East Sd street and
had had some aniline dyes put into the
cans. He added:
.'In few days there came to this town a
supply of, beautiful pink milk from the
dairy that used those cans"
After finishing his paper DR.. Darlington
showed some pictures on slides and said in
formally: -
II think the first thing to do to get a
supply of good milk is to make the sources
as pure as possible. That is what we are
trying to do. I think that Is the better
way to go about It.; rather than to regard
too highly some Of the things we see print
ed nowadays about remedying this matter"
Hamburg Shipping Lines Win.
HAMBURG. February 1.-The dispute be-