The independent., 1907-04-11

waters and SHORES Oh I1dIIplOu INodes
The waterway comprises 160 square
miles Of protected barbor. The exposi-
tion grounds contain $50 odd acres,
with one mile of shore line on the
Roads.
Within a radius of eight miles are
the cities Of Norfolk, Portsmouth, New
port News, Berkley, Hampton and
Phoebus, together with the great gov
ernment reservation at Fortress Mon
roe, Va.
Probably the chief distinguishing
feature of the exposition will be its
naval rendezvous. A statistician of the
United States navy has estimated that
the money value of fighting craft as
sembled in Hampton Roads during 1907
will at no time fall below $3.50, ,0O0
while on gala occasions this amount
may he doubled.
In connection with the rendezvous,
aquatic contests will be inaugurated
for the purpose of friendly rivalry be-
tween crews of the various fleets as
sembled. These exhibitions by day and
searchlights and other lighting fea-
lures by night will form the chief
spectacular part of the exposition
Next In consequence will be the mill
tary encampment.
The exposition itself will differ very
materially from all previous exposi-
tions in so far as the exploitation Is
concerned The history of our country
from 1907 up to the present will be
graphically portrayed by periods, and
to the end that this may be effective,
the cooperation of the chief historical
students Of the country has been
sought and obtained.
What is the annual revenue and to-
tai debt of New York city?
The reports show that the gross re-
ceipts for 1906 were 1870, 527 1892, ana
the gross expenditures $3.50, ll4,4l.oz
with a cash balance on December IL OF
$13, ,273, ,009.46.
The total gross funded debt, 90. 90, 900 oe
Jan. J., 1907. W...................S Sooo % ,o3z w
Less amount held by sinking
fund .......,................. l5l,o11,loo.'7
Net funded debt .........,. .$474, ,663, 106. II
This debt Is approximately half that
of the United States nation.
VIII you kindly tell what elements
go to make up the air?
Mainly the gases oxygen and MIRO
gen, which are merely mixed and not
chemically combined, but in addition it
contains many other substances in
small amounts, among which are water
vapor, carbon dioxid, nitric acid, am
monia, ozone, argon. neon and organic
matter, as well as dust germs and
other organic particles held in suspen-
sion. In certain localities other COM
ponents may occur Near the sea, Tor
example, salt can be detected in it,
and over the land Ii contains sulphates
in small amounts. The proportion OF
nitrogen and oxygen is subject to var
iation also, though within narrow linn
it's. In general, 100 volumes of air con-
tain twenty-one volumes OF oxygen
and seventy-nine of nitrogen. Argon
constitutes about l per cent Of air and
neon about 0.001 per cent. The nitric
acid present in the air is 80 small In
amount that it can be detected only IN
rain water, by which it is dissolved and
brought down. The amount OF am
monia is exceedingly variable, ranging
from OIL to 1850 parts Calculated as
cafbonate) in 100000 parts of air, the
average amount being perhaps six.
Hydrogen peroxide has been detected
in the air. and some authorities con-
slider that 1t may be present In greater
abundance than ozone
Who is DR.. Wiley, the government
chemist OF whom SO much Is heard in
connection with the enforcement of the
pure food law?
DR. Wiley was born In Kent, Jeffer-
son county, Indiana. In 1863 he entered
the freshman class Of Hanover college.
graduating with the degree OF A. B.
In 1867. three years course In medi-
cine gave him the degree OF M. ID.
from the Indiana medical college In
1871, and during his medical course he
was instructor in Latin and Greek in
Butler college. He entered the Law
renee scientific school at Harvard uni
versity and graduated with the degree
OF b. 8. In 1873. becoming then profess
sor of chemistry at Butler college for
the year 1894. Between 1874 and 1883
he was professor of chemistry at the
agricultural college OF Indiana at pur-
due. During this same period he was
GRANTED leave es s:ascase soT study IL
Germany and spent the year 1879 In
research In Berlin. From 1881 10 1889
he was state chemist OF Indiana and
IN the latter wear rnme 10 Washington