The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1907-01-03

ungraled schools In 1890 averaged SID
per year and $257 in 1904. For the
female the average wage in 1890 was
SIG and $40 in 1904. In the same
period the average for the graded school
female teacher was S4S7 In 1890 and
5000 In 1904. For the male it was S751
In 1890 and $3.50 in 1904. In 1860 wom-
en- teachers In ungraded schools worked
for as little wages as 81 per month. In
1904 the lowest wage paid was SIS.
$50 you see" said Dean Davenport,
1.-THE country school Is In a serious pre-
dicament Unless something Is done
shortly, many of them must go to the
wall. Indeed, in a number Of districts
| there has been no school for years be-
cause Of lack of attendance Superin-
tendent Bayliss' last report shows that
1850 schools had less than fifteen pu-
PTS, that 525 schools had less than ten
pupils, and 229 less than five. Taking
| $40 4 month as the cost of teacher,
$50 per year as cost of fuel and other
expenses, and you have for an eight
months school $3.50, which means in a
school Of five that each pupil is costing
| the district $40 per year. 1t Is impos-
sibe for anybody to successfully teach
five pupils, especially If they are young
and unambtous, as Is usually the
case"
Conditions in Other States.
The conditions in Illinois are no
worse than they were in Michigan, In
diana, Ohio, and Iowa few years ago,
before these States adopted consolida-
ton. In Michigan in 1902, f1fty-one
I schools of the GASP districts had two
pupils or fewer and held no schools,
and eighty three had five pupils or few
err The cost per pupil in these eighty
three schools was $3.50 per pupil per
year. In the graded schools the cost per
year Of ten months for each pupil was
only $3.50. The same conditions ex-
listed in Missouri and Iowa, but in the
latter State conditions have since been
materially improved
by consolidation Of Schools" says
Dean Davenport, lis meant the uniting
Of two. three, or more small and weak
schools into one that shall be strong
enough in point of numbers to be in
teresting and strong enough in the way
of money to afford comfortable build
ing. two or more good teachers, and rea-
sonable facilities for work. 1t also
means that outlying districts with but
few pupils shall be combined with a
near by school that is strong, rather
than be organized into an Independent
but weak district. In it's fullest sense
il means the uniting of all the schools
Of township into one or two so To-
Gated as to be most accessible.
consolidation either in full or In
part means the transportation Of por-
ton of the pupils, and this Is one of
the problems, 1t is generally accom-
plished in covered wagons, artificially
warmed. holding 10 or 20 children and
driven by reliable men under contract
and bonds as to regularity and good be-
havior. At first thought this would
seem expensive, but experience has
shown that it is cheaper to transport
few children than to build school
for them. This Is because a wagon Is
cheaper than schoolhouse, horses
cheaper than fuel, and because drivers
cost less than teachers
where small districts already exist
consolidation means some changes in
buildings. These changes are sometimes
effected by moving together two or
more Of the little old buildings, or by
adding a portion to one, making a two
or three room house. In other in
stances, new buildings are erected. All
ways are open. \ makeshift seems Of
ten best at first, until the plan Is In
full operation, when a permanent build
ing seems sure to follow in good time.
Consolidation was first adopted in
Massachusetts in 1869. Now more than
50 per cent Of the townships Of the
State have adopted the system, with a
saving annually to each township of
5000. Twenty States now have con,
solilatiOu, and all of them report II in
Successful operation at n big reduction
In cost. Iowa reports that consollda-
ton has been adopted IL siXty-three
districts Of twenty-eight counties. In
diana reports that Isl wagons trans
port $500 children In fifty-one counties,
the largest number being in Whitley
County. where seyenty-thrce wagons
carry lila children. In La Grange
County, Indiana, thirty-cight schools
were closed and 42S pupils transported
at n saving Of S6,734 yearly.
From the reports of the twenty
States 1s.ns the system the average
cost per month for transporting a child
TO and from school daily is S1.50
transportation n Stumbling Block
This matter OF transportation has
been the stumbling block in the way
of the general adoption OF the system
Farmers say that the cost Is too much
and that the roads and weather fire.
quently are in unfit condition for
travel Dean Davenport declares that
| It Is better to expose horses to the
elements than children. Children are
frequently made sick by exposure tC
storms and from sitting all day with
wet feet and damp clothing aftev rad