davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1907-02-22
MORE BLIZZARD FATALITIES.

Two Girls Reported Frozen to Death
Near Seim.
Word has been received that Bessie
Seim, aged 80, and a sister aged IL,
Were lost in the recent blizzard near
Seim. Forty people nave been out
searching ever since the storm but no
trace of them has been found. They
went from their home to visit a bro.
Their and disappeared.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1907-02-22

The senate county affairs commit
mittee had an exciting session over the
Lyman county division bill. A large
representation from the county wal
before the committee, both for and
against the bill, and the result of the
work will be that the committee will
report h bill, somewhat amended
FROM its original provisions, but with
clause providing for nearly two
years., even If the vote for it at that
time, and by the end of two years it
is believed that the future of the coun-
ty Will be SO well settled thai the peo-
pie will know Just hew they want. to
vote on the question.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1907-02-22

Attorney General Clark has written
an opinion at the request of the state
treasurer. in which he holds that in
case of inheritance tax coming to the
state. that the expenses of collection
of the same should come out of the
state share of the fund before it is re-
mitted to the state treasury. In the
past the counties in which the tax was
paid nave been obliged to stand this
expense, without getting any return
for the service n expense, and this
will be RENTED under the ruling
which 1Sas just been made
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
V O ked Like a Charm.

nr. D. Walker, editor ot that spiey journal the Enterprise, Louisa, Na., says: T fan nail in my foot last Neeis and at once applied BaeKlen's Arnica Salve. No inflammation followed; the salve simply healed Inc wound Heals every sore burn and skin disease. uaranteed at R. E. '. Bordeaux druggist. 2ac
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
Catarrh and Headache.

Mrs. Z. E. God:orth, 2II9 Holly Street, kaasas City, writes: Al ter using sample bottle and two Poe bottles of iuat's Lightning oil, an almost we'll of Catarrh It stops ny headache. It is th, best medicine l ever saw ana just can't keep house without t.
 She is right. Sold by D. T Hyatt
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28

took place. Yer swamp niEgsfs thinA yer IT m.t4 smart, buf yer don know naeh-4s yer tHak yer do. Now. tel me why CT coon $ tail am ringed aa raana aa sr
 possum 5 tail am baf.lfy yer esn.''
 "Dats easy replied ,ae swamper. "the coon's tsil WAS made fa~t. before tfa nar stD eat -.=
 Scratbiag hts head, aud study inE for a moment. the hiil negro replied. - beg ser pardon for my disbeiief iu yer inderpereep- sh1us. for l ind d4t Yer ls better qualified on importan; topics den l had reason ter antisaerpate, yah. nah!
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
e

Arkadelphit. Ark. March r, o7.
 Mr Franklin Pierce Joiy lecl- ured on "fhe Jolly Side ofEile7 iu 0uachita Auditorium on the eve. ning of March Sth. \ very large audience from the town greeted him as well as pupils from both Onachita and Henderson Colleges Mr. JolIy won for himself very warm place in the hearts of all his hearers. His Representations are good and 5is word painting squai to any eyer heard ia oar city The best compliment that ela be paid to any lecturer is that rapt at. tentioa which produces | hush so profound that we fear to breathe lest the spell be broken; so t was when hr. Jolly described the bor. TOTS of the destruction of SH Francisco, and the beauties of l.el- Iowstone Park We hope 10 have him again.
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
Found at Last.

j. 4 Harmon, oi Mlzemore, West Na., says: At last have found the perfect pill that never disappoiat> me; and for the bene- fit ot others afflicted with torpid liver and chronic constipation, will say: take Dr. Kings New Life Pills" Guaranteed satisfac. tory 25c at R. E V Bordeaux, druggist.
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
Town Election Proclamation.

Notice IS hereby given that the regular annual election of the town of Monticello, Arkansas, will be held in tae Circuit Court room, in said town, on Tuesday April -ad, 1907. for the purpose of e.ectiag a Mayor Recorder and five Alder men to Gn sad offices for and dur ing the next ensuing year or until their successors are duIy elected and qualified. Given under my hand as Aayor of said town and seal oi my office, tbis nth day cf March, 1907.
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
D. q -za Don Jar You

To haze coash that you can | leave otf-evea when you go to bed. futit away for good by using Simmons consh syrup. lt heals inflammation of the throat and lnaes-giTes you fest and peaceful sleep. For sale by D. r. Hyatt.
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
NlofftlGEttD D.-A k.

June. I0iy. August and Sep tembef k Che tune when will he io=my Monticello Gallery the time of year when the light is the best for all photo work. l will bring with me all my fine cameras. scenery. etc. and be prepared to do all kinds ot upto.date photo work in all the latest styles
 Respectfully.
 F Y E k. fhotographer
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
r--G -z antei

Deane Lumber Company wants 90 men to cut wood and saw stock and E teams 10 haul same at Deane, Ark. Cal at once or
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
tar sale by k. E& BordeauX.
Fine Cotton Seed for Sale.

l have one hundred bushels ot the famous Oxier- Russell Big Boil Gottoh seed for saie. These seed were gathered before the rda were ordered from the seed finn last Spring Pfiec. St.oo per buShel. Cal on. or wtite
 S. \. Jackson.
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28

they s.sy. was satisfactory.
 MT. R \. Piekens. of Walnut Lake, was 8 visitor fo our ely this week.
 Mr. R. ". Ian. IT,. made basiae-s trip Q H-rmot 4ast Mon. day
 Nrs. ] r. Er~ia aa.. children. Of Nc6ebee, visited relatives here ia-t week
 Nav Inc ot mes shirt and uu. derwear u
 4 etaa-. lI...s Co.'S. Mir TT. Wells. of fIadspetH. visited relatives in this city the first of he week.
 Don fail To see our carload of new furniture.
 5. Wilson Furniture Co. Craee, Hall X Go . will make you close prices OH lace curtains for few days et If you wanf ioily smiles put on your face ebay jolly. you want to hear Mr. Jolly, of toilette. New line of ladies' and men 5 low cut shoes at 2t Gruce, Hall < Cos. Mir. Jas. Bowden. of Dermott, was here on business the first of the week.
 Mrs. Lula Edwards has returned from three months visit to Lit. tle Rock.
 Miss Lula Belle Hubbard is vis- ting relatives at Tyro, Line oln county.
 Mrs. NJ. L. Deafan, af Der mott, visited relatives here this week.
 The Ladies Cemetery Associaz tion vii meet with Mrs. F. II Scott on Friday afternoon. of the z9.h.
 New lof silk Drop skirts in all shades The goods gre right SO k the price.
 II. NJ. Wilson & Co. yon dearly love to be ioIiied, don't fail to hear Alr Iolly. of Jollette, on jolly side of life, on April 3rd.
 Prettiest line of mens latest style shirts ever shown in tbis city at
 2t I'd Spence r's. The Farmers Gnion held meeting at Inc Godrt Hall ln this city last Saturday evening. The attendance was good.
 Don't fail to call around at the Bargain Store and see the beauti- ful line of flowers for hat-trim- ming.
 Last Sunday was beautiful Spring day and some people at tended church, for the first time in months.
 New line of Spring neekvear, on all the latest plaids and fash ions, just received at
 A T. Gotham X Co. Just received big line of Misses and Children caps, hats and sail ors. See us for these things
 II. NJ. Wilson 6 Co. Evening Prayer and lecture, each Friday evening. at the Episcopal church. All cordially invited to attend
 Shirl, Shirt Shirts of all kinds. When you need one, come 10 see us.
 A. r. Gotham X Co. "Arkansas Liver Regulators for Arkansas Livers, - regulates the liver. Try it at
 BordeauS Drug Store. Just received nice line men S straw hats from Panama down, also big stylish fur hats in the latest things. Come and see them.
 II. NJ. Wilson < Co. We can't be beat for ladies' muslin underwear and shirt waists. The goods and prices are right.
 II. NJ. Wilson X Go. For Pondorosa, Acme and Stone tomato plants, and cabbage plants,
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
M antcd.

Plain sewing and putting by Miss EpsIe Bond. Dlliardville. 4t
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28

Big .iae new e.8.hrz Ii
 Aiu,cr $. Mr. \tna Pops m4ae | basi,.e.. trip to Dermait Ias' Tuesday. Wiadow 6iass, all sizes if
 Bordeaux Drug Store. Ms, Maud himbro hts returned from Portland
 Nice line of lawns It 2t Gruee, Hall X Co.'S. Mr. Ge5. Spencer mlde a busi- ness trip 10 Morrell this week. Window glass, all sizes at Dor deaux Drug Store.
 Mrs. ]. W. Kimbro las returned from visit to Pine Bluff.
 Big line of ladies neek.wear at 2t Ed SPencer.s Mir. |. F. Gotham made trip to Pine Bluff last week.
 StopSour scratching by using Bordeaux' Tetter Lotion.
 Mir. Chas Blakely made d visit to Warren last week.
 Save money on garden seed at If Bordeaux Drug Store. MT. ]. A. Bishop was a business visitor to Warren last week. Landreths fresh garden seed at If Bordeaux Drug Store. J. B. Sanderlin made q business trip to Warren hst week.
 Garden Seed ia bulk at
 ti Bordeaux Drug Store. Mr. I. (. La,v. of Hamburg. was here this week.
 Spectaeles that fit the eye, at Bordeaux Drug Store. If Miss Fla May Brooks is visit ing relatives at Arkansas City. Gall at Morgan X Wilson $ and get your Easter candy.
 II you want swell Spring suit go 10
 Minter. x. Mr D E Gotham and wife wis. tied relatives at Warren the latter part of last week.
 Big new lot of ladies oxfords. just in 1t
 2t Ed Spencer $. Mrs. Sallie B. smith. Of Little Rock. is visiting the family of Mr. Y. ] Aro''er in this eity. Prevent chicken mites by using Antisepline in your hen-honse, at BordeauX Drug Store. If Good Friday services and sermon in the Episcopal church tomorrow morning at ta 3o. All invited. Big Iot of men's necs wear, for Spring, just received Il 2t Ed. Spenccr's. Some live stock belonging to the \ Erwin estate was sold here last Saturday.
 All the latest styles in custom made Spring clothing justin at 2t Ed Spcncer's. Mrs. Henry Bordeaux, of Der mott, visited relatives in this city ihls week.
 Big line of all the novelties in Gents clothing just received at
 I. II. Scott's. MT. Jack Curry made d business trip to Crossett, Ashley county, last week.
 We are still buying cattle, hogs, furS, hides, country produce, If McNay Bros. Messrs. Geo. Wells and E A. Gotham have returned from visit to Memphis.
 Order your Boil Wcevil Remedy from Donham Bros, Dermott, Ar. kansas, Retail Nhiskey Dealers. If MT. r. E. Givens, of Warren, spent Sunday with his family in this city.
 Earliest to latest tomatoes ready for tanspl4nting. Phone No. 4.
 Pati and Felix Tarrant. New, up-to-date line of neck, wear at
 at Cruce, Hall $ Co.'S. Mir. Elmo Ahrens and family
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
NOTICE. Sale of Sixteenth Section Land.

.i.aual Pet..i5a signed l.s.t aaiofHty of t'fe nata Hht9aiuHt= q. fewusHiptt Souta Rango West as Collector of hfeW County AfAaa- sIs 43! etea fer ,ale }nr =HstT a; tHr gaztt Hoass iaaf isl= =the gaasA al Aloat#- aa af. Men iha tprt lst laHs, 6ef@een t.ie haufs ai i2 m adti oclask p n, the following s!ass3ieed sthaal lands t5=ssj Nl.f-i \ lzi=3 ssee. IL 5fi. n Ez N
 VA. eakrr.
 S4a7aH H#4afl Collector
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
Notice.

Notice s hereby given that there will De held 1t Monticello on March T and = an examination to ascertain the professional quail tications of those who desire to teach in the public schools of Drew county.
 !, L. Spence.
 County Hammer.
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
iH. NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Department of tle Interior.
LJIHi iilfet- a.= tuten. Ar5 te63Ia14. l33,l901.

fs5uUF F, l909.
 $etiee E neFehy sieea that Lucy May Hoase, vii of Edward F. House, dee'd If beaa, Arkaesas. has ilea notice her in- tsfti5a ta aaiz.. a.llI peaaf in zappastof her elsa, viz: Il4mestssl Eatv N9. 25355 mnia Juaaar9 2, lao2, fr tAe SEi SH. saetiaa H. Township E < . Range 6 N. 5tn r. NJ. Arsanst=. aaa fhat =na ffaat eill ha laade hatore. iefk of the Circuit Court 7t Drew County. in his office at Monticello, Ark4nsas- aq
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28

]. Williamson,
 Mayor.
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
PRfE ZEa.

sha naaes tbe following witnesses :, prevs her continuous residtuee uRan. and cultivation 9f tae ta5a. vz: Frame Hause, of e5uitto, Ak Joseph Penston. of Daan Arll., George lIareF, ei Deaa, Ar,s., William N. Laraia, af Dan, Ark
 II. G. Frieaaeim. Re-.
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28

The Public Road from Gominto north across the Cut Off, just west of Gotham $ Raneh. has been opened ap and new bridges built on all the streams. This road will be q great benefit to tue people Iiv- ing oh both sides of the Cut orr creek, as it gives th,n the means of crossing and re crossing at any time of the year. Hereto fore it has been impossible to cross this stream except in real dry times, when the water was very low, and people wanting to go from one side to the other had to go 10 or F miles to get or } miles. This road, as now opened and bridged, will be d great benefit to that part of the country, and Judge Hammock and his road over. ger, Mir, K. C. Rash, have the than&s of the people for giving then this relief.
 Ia q round up argument between two disciples of Ham, one from t'le swamps and the other from ftc nil natzs, lie following
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
Respec

F Y. E. K. Photographer
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28

A=A lHkt
 T l4tl Collector
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
! Spence.

S1.iii'y ! Xdl4t!ie
The Monticellonian., 1907-03-28
Accaf TSens.

Som" corn was planted iast week
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1907-05-08
Skeleton That of Dead Soldier.

The skeleton found on Everett
Cleveland's ranch in the Naches val
ley was brought to this city Thurs
day by Herbert Shaw of the under
taking firm of A. ]. Shaw & Sons.
Mr.. Shaw was deputized by Coroner
Frank and took charge of the bones
and placed them in the undertaking
establishment, where they will re-
main until Coroner Frank gets an
opportunity to inspect the bones.
Mr.. Cleveland stated yesterday
that when they made an inspection
of the bones shortly after being un-
earthed by the pillow 1t was found
that the arm bones lay crossed over
the ribs and the finger bones had
fallen on the earth directly below
the ends of the arm bones, which
would lead to the belief that the per-
son was white man and had been
laid at rest in the customary relig-
ious style.
Mr.. Cleveland purchased his ranch
from an old man named Palmer, and
Mr.. Palmer has stated that in the
early SOS an old military road ran
just few feet north of where the
skeleton was found, and the most
plausible theory is that the person
was killed in a skirmish with the
Indians during the Indian wars ic
this country during the early SOS
and was laid to rest in lonely grave
near the roadside by his comrades.
The fracture on the right side Of
the skull was undoubtedly caused by
a pillow when Mr.. Cleveland was Ar
ishing up his land last season, as
the dirt was packed solidly inside the
skull and contained the small pieces.
All the teeth were found in the
skull and were wonderfully pre-
served. The bones are In fine state
OF preservation for the length of time
which they have been under ground.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1907-05-08
MANY APPLICANTS.
Long List of Those Desiring to Be
Teachers.

The following applicants have
been received by the school board
from those desiring positions as
teachers next year:
High school-James Bever, Mabel
Smith, Melissa E. Hill, F. w. Roades,
Bertha Kilgour, Lyman Edwards, E.
G. Towsan, Anna Jones.
Barge Schools. p Foreman,
Nellie Rose, Effie Jones, Myrtle Cal
avian, Edith Grady, Lillian Prince,
Edith Kinsman, Ethel Burns and
Maud Bowman.
M. E. church-Minnie Larson and
Kate Hitz.
Fairview school-Jennie Peterson
and Mary Erwin.
Special-Emily Spalenka and Nina
Towne.
Columbia school-Anna Koontz.
Sadie McMurtrie, Laura Williams,
Mabel Durham, Rose Adams, Myrtle
Dyer, ALE Miller, Elizabeth McKen-
zie, Julia Reible, Agnes Human,
BERTHE McMurtrie and Bertha Getsch.
Summitview school-Grace Shan
non, Clara Felsted, Bessie Aumiller,
Jennie Sherwood and Jennie Beers.
Leaming-Rena Blood.
Capitol Hill-Mina Matterson.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1907-05-08
LEAGUE Is MAKING
PLANS AT PRESENT TIME.
Meeting at Home of Theodore Weis-
berger-Bring Hundreds
Here.

Hundreds of Epworth Leaguers
from eastern Washington and north
ern Oregon are to be in North Yaki-
ma at convention this summer, the
entertainers of the gathering being
the members of the Epworth League
of the North Yakima Methodist
church. Definite arrangements as to
the gathering have not been made,
but last evening at session of the
league held at the home of Theodore
Weisberger committees were ap-
pointed for securing list Of those to
attend and to arrange for their en-
tertainment while here.
Delegates from all the churches in
Walla Walla and The Dalles dis
tricts are to be present at this annual
district gathering, which will be one
of the biggest church events Of the
season.
At the annual meeting of the
elected as follows: President, Miss
Dotha Varker; first vice president,
David Stewart, to have charge of the
spiritual department work: second
vice president, Miss Laura Williams.
to have charge of the missionary
work. third vice president, Miss
Lucy Goodell, to have charge of the
mercy and help department; fourth
vice president, Miss Catherine Scott,
to have charge of social work. Harry
Cole, the present secretary, was
again elected, and R. B. Hawks was
renamed to his position of treasurer.
Bert Blood was elected as choris
ter and Miss Bernice Babcock as
organist. The suggestion was made
that junior league be organized
and Miss Nellie Rose was suggested
to DR.. Henry, the pastor, as an ex-
cellent person for the position. At.
torney Meigs was asked to take
charge of the lecture course work
once more.
The Epworth League will have q
banquet on Wednesday evening of
next Hek at the Hotel Yakima, and
indications are that there will be a
large attendance. Invitations to this
banquet have been limited to mem
bers of the league and those who are
attendants at the meetings.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1907-05-08
ARIDITY GROWING IN ASIA.
Failure of Water Supply is Potent
Cause of Mi9rations.

The phenomena OF rivers, large
and small, Of springs, lakes, ruins
and vegetation all seem to point TO
gradual desiccation of Chinese Tur-
kestan for nearly 1900 miles cas-;
and west and 500 north and south.
The records of antiquity indicate tina.
the Caspian and Aral seas were once
more extensive than now and pre-
sumably that the tributary rivers
were much larger.
Transcaspia, Eastern Persia, and
the neighboring regions appear TO
have been subject to a desiccation
similar to that of Turkestan and in
Dictated by similar phenomena. Thus
all the more arid part of Asia, from
the Caspian sea eastward for more
than $500 miles, appears to have
been subject TO a climatic change
whereby it has been growing less
and less habitable for the last 5000
or 5000 years
Such a change, embracing Persia
Baluchistan, Afghanistal, Russian
Turkestan and Chinese Turkestau
and probably an ever larger area and
converting thousands Of square miles
of habitable country into desert, can
hardly fail to have some effect upon
human distribution and history In
Chinese Turkestan part at least Of
the ancient towns appear TO have
been abandoned deliberately, pre-
sumably because the water supply
became limited. Movements of the
same sort are today taking place
on a small scale all over the arid
parts of Asia
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1907-05-08
FROM ELLENSBURG TO SPOKANE
ON WAGER.
Failing to BE Released From Car Is
Carried to HogMam-In
Bad Condition.

Locked in a freight car since
April Il last, for two days held up
on a North Yakima sidetrack, ac-
cording to his belief, R. Smith, ere
spectacle hobo" with money, was
taken from a freight car at Hoquiam
Friday night in half-starved con-
dition.
Smith has most peculiar story
to tell. When taken from the locked
and sealed box car at Hoquiam he
nearly tainted, but was revived with
restoratives and able to tell his
story, according to a dispatch from
that place.
Smith stated that he was locked
and sealed in box car by friend
at Spokane. He was provided with
provisions for ten days and was
bound for Ellensburg. He travelled
for some time, when the train stop
ped for two days on switch track.
He believes the stop was made at
North Yakima, as he heard two men
talking outside the car and from
their conversation decided that he
was locked in this city.
From this statement peculiar CO.
incidence is found, as the local po-
lice, when making their nightly
rounds several days ago heard pc
cular noise in a car and attempted to
locate it. The car from which the
noise came was sealed and locked
and they did not care to tamper with
the seal. Smith states he attempted
to make outsiders come to his rescue,
but his efforts proved in vain.
He says that he will now buy a
ticket to Ellensburg from Hoquiam.
According to the dispatch Smith has
Llenty of money and was making the
trip on a wager. He was locked in
the box car for fully twenty days
and his provisions were entirely ex.
hausted when he was located. He
still had some stale water. He de-
voured provisions set before him like
wild animal, but his appetite was
soon appeased.
He failed to be released at Ellens-
burg, despite attempts to make out.
siders hear his cry.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1907-05-08
ICE PRICES THE SAME.
In Few Instances Wholesale Prices
Will Increase.

Ice prices will remain about the
same this year, states j. L. Hughes
of the Yakima Artificial Ice & Cold
Storage company. Ice prices in Sc
attic have jumped 10 per cent owing
to the increased cost of fuel, lumber,
horses, wagons, harness and labor
The local concern has succeeded in
economizing to a great extent in hir-
ing its labor, securing men by the
year and thus cutting down the
greatest expense to the minimum.
Consequently only wholesale sales
will be affected and these in some
cases will be increased, while in 9TH
ers they will remain the same.
The company is branching out
greatly. It has succeeded in secur-
ing large supply of coal from sew
eral mines and has the agency for
these Goals in Yakima and Benton
counties. The purchase of the
property on the n. P. tracks allows
the company to have larger build
ingS.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1907-05-08
Men Go To
Fl. Casey
NORTH YAkINIANS' FIRST LESSON
IN COAST DEFENSE.
Troops To Mobilize
Grand Parade of Entire National
Guard at Seattle July 4
Is the Plan.

The Second regiment, under Major
Lemon, will be quartered at Fort
Casey after July 4. This regimen.
includes Co. E. For the first time
the North Yakima soldiers will Sc
cure practical training in coast de-
Tense.
The entire national guard of the
state of Washington will be mobil.
lied in Seattle on July 4, take part
In the celebration of independence
day and proceed the same evening on
an army transport to several forts
on the Sound.
Major General Ortis Hamilton was
expected in the city last night to ar
range the details of the Fourth Of
July festivities and plan the move
ments of the national guard.
AS soon in the day as 1t is possible
to embark the regiment will board
the transport and go into a ten days
encampment at the forts.
The first battalion, in command
of Major Otto A. Case, will go to For.
Worden; the second, under Major
Lemon, is assigned to Fort Casey,
and the third, commanded by Major
John Stringer, will go to Fort Flag
Ter.
When the men are encamped at the
various forts they will receive in
struction in methods of defending the
Notifications from the rear, and be
also drilled in other maneuvers like.
iy to be of assistance to infantry sta
toned a. forts during war time.