davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
SHORTENING CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.
Suggestion to Substitute for Juries Three
Trial Judges.

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: read With great interest your excellent
editorial lin Mondays paper upon the administra-
ton Of Justice in this country in criminal cases II
is positively encouraging 10 find such an express
sion OF intelligent opinion and sound wisdom in an
influential journal. Such instances are too rare
with us. The newspapers, as rule. faH snort OF
their duty in helping the people TO form righteous
opinions about such matters. And this Is the more
deplorable because it is not until the people DO
form such opinions that there is sufficient pressure
exerted or demand expressed upon our legislatures
for the necessary changes in the law
believe that our criminal jurisprudence needs
overhauling and readjustment I think that the
English journals are too severe in their structures
upon us but this is partly because they do not
understand fully. I have thought a good deal
about the matter or criminal 1Ilals ana l Wlsn 70
bring forward one possible scheme or improvement;
I am aware that II would require constitutional
amendments. but II we are ready for those let US
would have juries abolished and have every
of them being presiding Justice. I should havs
them decide all questions OF fact as well as thoss
decisions questions of law, except upon ques-
In defence Of this scheme Is safe to assert that
the jury system Is worn out and inapplcabie 10
present times and the people OF to-day You never
worthy, honest ana intelligent body Of twelve mon
will be the peers of the prisoner. 1890
would in all human probability decide all lazy
questions correctly as any appellate court would
cases are tried before two judges. with jury. IN
the Superior Court. Appeals lie to the Supreme
Judicial Court. sitting In banc. all questions Of
law But four Of the seven justices of the Supreme
Judicial Court have been put there by promotion
from the very Superior Court which tries murder
cases. II is not TO he supposed that they would
decide law points differently upstairs' from what
they would do in the lower court. So there is no
need Of appeals prevent injustice TO the accused.
OF course ~ any such scheme be adopted. or. IN
deed If it never is. there should be appointments
Of the law limiting the use ot so-called expert
testimony. But that be considered at another
time.
date future Of the possibilities of shortening GRIM
inal procedure. CHARLES S. RACKEMANN.
Boston. April Il. 1907.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
DEVELOPMENT OF MODEST QUALITIES
Not Dependent Upon War, but May Flourish
in the Arena of Peace.
To the Editor OF The Tribune

To the Editor Of The Tribune
Sir; II may be helpful 10 the cause Of interna-
tiona peace 20 call attention 10 a sentence Of Cow
eraor Hughes's address at the Peace Congress last
Monday. He said: In the controversies Of peace
and IN the bloodess struggles for the maintenance
Of truth and justice in personal and civic Tea-
tons must be found the arena n the future in
which character may find severer tests than ever
afforded By historic battlefield" The writer
give confTma ton OF the business Of this
ti!nent from the liDs Of soldier In a short
refsation with General Webb, late president Of
College q the City Of New York. the writer
ferTod 70 the celebrated painting The Battle Of
Gettysburg, and stated that he had seen General
Webb himself pictured on that canvas. The gen
efa m0destlv replied. There are Just great bat
les 20 be fought right here in New York"
As the making Of character Is the great end ~
life ., has limited the best opportunities fer
this endeaVOr 10 the narrow field Of warfare and
20 the few, comparatively Speaking who contend
therein. but every man, even in the humbl@st
sphere. may find these opportunities in abundan nee.
Governor Hughes has put this idea in the same
speech. I'VE no longer lock 10 war he says.
for the development Of either national indi
yidual character. Under our modern conditions If
civilization the supposed benefcent results Of
in the development Of courage and stamina must
n any conceivable event be shared by so few OF
our teeTnng populations that even the most san
culinary must realize that the time has COMO by
when by any stretch Of Imagination. II can be re-
garded a general disciplinary agent
Metuchen. y. J. April Is, 1900. y. l. NJ. p.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
OBITUARY.
SAMUEL BAYARD DoD.
Elmira, n. Y. April Is, 1901.

South Orange. N. j.. April % (specaD.-The Rev
Samuel Bayard bod, president of the board Of
trustees since the foundation OF Stevens Institute
Hoboken which he established. and the oldest
trustee OF Princeton University, died at his home
in Scotland street last night In addition to these
honors Mr.. bod the founder OF Seabrght,
y j.: organizer of the Hudson Trust Company
and president OF the First National Bank Of Hobo
ken. His death caused by heart disease. follow
ing brief attack OF indigestion. He writer
traveller. painter. etcher and musician. and. until
he became executor OF the Stevens estate, in Hobo
ken. in 1862 was a Presbyterian clergyman He
belonged at the time of his death to the Preshy-
terry OF Morris and Orange, and he was president
of the FRS. Presbyterian Church. South Orange
He gave larR9 sums OF money anonymously and
assisted many young men TO positions OF response
bility.
Mr. bod was born in Princeton sixty-eight years
ago and was a son OF Professor Albert B. bod.
the mathematician. He was educated at the uni
yersity. graduating in 1856 He studied IN Berlin
University and then came to Princeton Theologi-
cal Seminary. He was ordained. and took charge
Of a church at Monticello. y. Y. and then IN
Wilkes Barre Penn. where he remained until lSo9
Then he was appointed executor OF the stevens
estate. The matter Of the erection OF stevens IN
stitute which was provided for in the stevens VIII
was placed in the hands Of Mr.. bod With his
sister. Mrs. Stevens. he endowed the matthew
chair in Princeton University In honor OF their
father. -, :. a.,
national bank in Hoboker and was also inter,
ested in tho ferry, water and gas companies at t
the Hoboken Trust Company. He weathered me
storm but the strain told severely on his heaIth'
and he soon retired from many OF these POSITIONS
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
FOR INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION
Start Of the Movement Is Claimed for
Rochester.

To the Editor OF The Tribune.
Sir: Governor Hughes in his address at the Pecce
Congress made some expoEitory statement Of New
FORKS part in the present movement for interna-
tionsl arbitration. circumstantial evidence may
be Of interest as to its initiative.
In January. 1885. at the annual meeting OF the
Rochester Chamber of Commerce, I introduced,
through l. T. Ross, international arbitration
buttons he first on top % the Venezuelan incident)
unanimously adopted and published and by their
all border cities of the United States
and Canada, and such were followed by others
IN February, after being received in Chicago
some gentleman thereupon issued call for the ma
nonal convention held IN Washington N April, 10
which Was invited as delegate. but unfortunately
Il was v. Martin Jones. another Rochester law
yer present that meeting, who brought the mat
Of lawyers Governor Hughes referred tor. which
Jed 70 the action OF the national bar and some con-
vas taken by the Canadian bar and elsewhere
a. h e upon the great body Of lawyers whatever
rsnt must depend. 1t must be in legal FORM a
BE thrown on the waters OF widening movement
not however. in the world Of matter diminishing
BY its inertia but IN that Of the spirit gathering
and resulted in the Hague Conference at the call
70 say aid it might suggest The CAL Of tho
nut ,aT natter ise niel IMPULSE 10 t6en Te
oeptve world this subject. The time was ripe,
humanity would simply mark ume, would pro
claim n. q thereby can ada prestige 10 my home
city end the state 70 which nave given my best
Man and public opinion, acting Herewith and
tine philosophy OF Archimedes II they come to-
setter human PROCESS t 1Ir comes? arc
the voice at InnisEowen. With ever increasing in
ssrnsh \, TieSt sor international arbitration II
ssiy held g. stays tlll the right course Is chart
n Mon. Il starts straightaway thereon. wing and
wing On eve" JOHN A. COLLIER WRIGHT
Rochester. April Il. 1907
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYERS.
Il Former Can Combine IN Their Own Inter.
est, Why Not the LatterG

To ths Editor 81 The Tribune
Sir In your issue OF April l5 is article giving
tho Information that the President has signed a
bin constituting four hours a days work Satur-
GAYS IN the months OF July. August and September
IN certain DEPARTMENTS OF the government in the
city of washington. and Of course. II in certain
departments IN the city % Washington. why not
IN all departments OF fle government and in any
clty7 Naturally. this VIII follog.
BY previous enactment OF tho federal government
ss well as the New York State government. eight
hours constitute a days work for all the rest OF
The year. Thus the government sets the pace. or
determines what a legal workday is for all labor
az without question the various labor unions will
coon unite In demanding these same concessions:
snc u r. a fact "a many branches OF Industry the
ssht-houF day has prevailed for some time and
a hslf-hpiidsy on Saturday, the latter thus Ear
without pay. These conditions exist because the
combined tabor unions forced them the employ
~a these Conditions had been granted By tho
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
SIR GEORGE ARMSTRONG.

LONDON, April 2O-si- George ARMSTRONG, pro-
prietor Of Tho London Globs.' died az his resi-
dence in London this afternoon.
Captain Sir George Carlyon Hughes Armstrong
Bart. was born in Lucknow in 1896 He was edu-
Gated by private tutors and entered the army IN
1855, serving FIRST in the seth Bengal Native IN
fantry and later in Stokess Pathen Horse. ne
fought through the Indian Mutiny. and was severe
" wounded at Mooradnuggar near Delhi in 1857.
His injuries caused his retirement on pension
and he received the Mutiny medal and clasp Tor
Delhi After his retirement Captain Armstrong
served as orderly officer Of the Royal Military Col
lege. at Addscombe, until the institution was oi'
continued and was at that time made the recipient
~ a sword OF honor from the cadets In 1872 he
TONED the staff Of THE London Globe" becoming
n time ia PROPRIETOR and editor. He was also part
nIner ~ sorhe People and THE SUM-. newspapers
OS london In 1865 Captain Armstrong was mar
Tiad IN Miss Alice FtZroy Furlong daughter OF tuo
Rev. C. j. Furong. He was created oaronet In
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
MAGISTRATE REFUSES TO TAKE BAIL.
Higginbotham Intends to Break Up Profess
sional Bondsmen's Graft by Holding Crooks.

Magistrate Higginbotham, in the Lee avenue
court made it known yesterday that he In
tended to use harsh measures in dealing with
all kinds OF crooks by holding them without
bail, breaking up the system under which these
men work and the graft Of the professional
bondsmen.
Daniel McGregor had been arraigned before
him charged with assaulting Lieutenant
Vaughn. The detective had been in communica-
ton with confidence men who had tried to
fleece a Western farmer. on the day Vaughn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
SYSTEM OF TRIAL BY JURY.
Correspondent Argues 'Utter Worthlessness
of That Medieval Invention"
To the Editor of The tribune.

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: In the recent Thaw trial we have had an
other illustration Of the utter worthessness or that
medieval invention, trial by jury. AS man who
has served more than juror, must say
in all sincerity-nor 1 alone in this assertion
that for exhibition of downright incompetency
and disregard for real justice Jury OF twelve
men good and true" takes the prize.
A dozen men unframed in the intricaces OF the
law only catspaws in the hands Of designing
attorneys. Some jurors. OF course. are men OF
good judgment. but they are handicapped by those
who mistake obstnacy for intelligence and who
an easy mark for the lawyers. The arguments
advanced in the jury room by such men are too
puerile to be worthy OF attention. but still they
must be met, though reasoning with such persons
is usually useless.
The calm unbiased Judgment of one educated
judge is better. in my estimation. than that Of
twelve men taken at random who from the very
fact Of their association lose. to some extent
possess, especially when one considers they are
dealing with questions with which they are I'M
Trial by jury to-day is farce. for the case when
IS passed upon by HT Of Gdges and this
gests the remedy viz, the wiping out OF the entire
peals in effect. the jury, taking the evidence from
The the minutes Of the trial consider 1t an aHio
ing trial by jury needs better class Of men than
those usually found
ON THE JURY.
Yes drawed. that's and got to 90.
OF argument and and blow.
Twelve Eickly mutes in a
BY lingo! on the jury
Yes. drawed once more I could have svvore.
BY lingo. the jury.
To hear them witnesses
And then the Judge. the pesky bore
viii full OF law. and
BY lingo, the jury.
Yes. drawed again. sin.
BY jngoi the jury.
To hears the foxy lawyers Chin,
Nor a rap which cTtter'H win.
Twelve fuddled fools to sit and grin
BY lingo! the jury - -
MILTON MURDOCH
Elmira, N Y. April Is 1901.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21

privileges are charged three cents mile and trans
ported in slow local trains which are equipped with
INFERIOR coaches. Taking advantage of Section z
ior discrimination against the people has caused
the discomfort and the railroads responsible.
When the railroads tEeat all alike there Will De no
complaints. One mans money should be as sooo
as any other mans. A who has so can buy
mileage book and travel at two cents mile; WINE
the man unable to eXpend that sum is required 20
pay three cents mile All farmnded people know
this is discrimination. II the railroads Will ask tho
peal of Section % and decline giving all reduced
rates two cents mile will bring them more money
and less criticism A. b. y.
New York. April Is. 1901.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
PROFESSOR TRAINED STARFISH
Taught Animal to Turn somersaults with ths
Wrong Pair of Rays.
LBr TeIeEraph 10 The Trlhune.1

Baltimore. April 2O-Dr. Herbert T. Jennings pro.
fessor of physiological zoology Johns aopkins
University. has made report upon his expe~t-
ments to train staTfsh. which, he SAYS IS the fov-
est animal IN which habit formation has bean
demonstrated. He says his experiments show that
the starfish readily acquires temporary habits
IN one typical case, In which a starfsh vs.
trained TO use for turning sOmesaults certain pair
Of rays that were never used naturally, after
twelve lessons the animal adopted the habit r,
several specimens Il found that the effects ~
Ing ceased.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
JOSEPH A. rHRockmoRroN.

Pad Rank n j. April 2O.-Joseph A. Throek-
r,ortop a pjoneer merchant OF Monmouth County.
died at his home here this morning after a long
sickness. He was eighty years old He went to
california in 1919 and returned here in 1856 when
- s,ablisbed a lumber business. which he had
80 v,ajntained He was president of the Second
National Bank of this place and interested in many
other hanks and institutions
NJ ThrOrkmorton was one or me ieaullg ttcpuo-
,,ans ~ the county. but never ran for Office. He
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21

Ross street Friday night. Mr.. Knapp born
in Germany hfty-nine years ago. He was grad
uated from the engineering department of the Col
lege OF the City OF New York. During the admins
tratiOn OF Mayor Frederick W. Wurster OF Brook
Ign he was water purveyOr and was transferred to
the Water Department when the cities
solidated. He was a member Of the Seewanhaka
Boat Club. Arcanthas Lodge OF MasOnS the Royal
Arcanum, president or the Bedford Board OF
Trade and vtce-president OF the 9Th Assembly Dis
trict Republican Committee. He leaves a wife and
brother. Lucien Knapp. OF Long Island CITY
Commissioner of Public Works.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21

was assaulted he was dressed as a country
man. ana went with the men to Williamsburg
saloon AS the money was about 20 be ex-
changed Vaughn drew his revolver and covered
the two men with whom he had been dealing
but failed 20 notice another man IN the rear
who in a moment felIed the detective 10 tn,
ground with a sandbag. and took away his "a.
vOlver and money. Vaughn saw this man YES
terday In the federal court watching SOM.
''gFeengOOds'' men trial He prompfIy ar
rested him and the magistrate held him Without
bail.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
PAYING RAILROAD RATES.
Two Cents a Mile for All Would Be Fair
and Profitable
n the Editor Of The Tribune.

n The Editor OF The Tribune.
Sir: / have read with interest the article sigro0
~ Y - in Sundays Tribune. He is MOI 80. !,
BOARDING the two-cent rate being non-payinr s.
,io % Of the Interstate Commerce act pern,i,t,,
,Iroads 10 grant reduced rates has been usod -,
,be raroader for all sorts Of discrimination -, =,
o,,v the business man snd the farmer has ~ No.,
~, high rate. and every one else has secures -
,.,ced rates in many cases less than two cen,.
mile.
passengers carried by fast Pullman trains ,ra
carried at two cents and less. while the people nh
have given the railroads their charters ana other
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
JoHN EDMOND ROUSE.

Fast Orange. N j., April 20 CspeciaD.-John Ed
roond Rouse president of the Globe Publishing
I.omnany. New York. and the American Newspaper
Association. died last night at his home NO. SIS
- o,d and had been engaged in the publishing
business the greater portion Of his life he was
oonnected with several large firms in California
Before coming to East Orange he was identlned
-, ~ Werner Publishing Company. Chicago
MIN wv H.. r member of Polar Star Lodge. l. o. o. r
Ills wife and a son survive him.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
. WILLARD PENNoYER.

Orange. n j., April 20 (speciaD.-R. Willard
ponnover. forty-eight years old. died suddenly
sor1 heart disease last night his home. No. 2SS
High street. Orange. He had not been well recent
=, 80 last night he visited his physician, Dr. NJ.
Herbert simmons, OF Orange Soon after arriving
bor,e Mr. Pennoyer became Ill and died soon after.
IL vas horn m CatskiIl, N V. and had lived in
1range for eight years. He had been in the gold
intrc
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
HE REv. THOMAS NJ. YuNpT.

Reading, Penn April 2O--The Rev. Thomas NJ.
Yundt one of the most widely known men in the
Reformed Church. died at his home here last night.
aged hftv wears He was superintendent OF home
missions of the Reformed Church.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21

Temn,rance Union movement. died at her Nine in
r,~odonia to-day She was born at Carlisle. n. "
nInetv- four years ago. She was widely known
throughout the United states as
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
nR. q. 2. MICHEL.

Montgomery. Ala. April CDR. r. F. Michel.
we'll known physician and author died here last
night aged eighty years. DR.. Michel was sur
peon IN the Confederate army and author OF many
technical works. He a native Of Charles
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21

Chicago April 2O-wnliam D. Locke. a merchant
~ New York City with offices at No. l27 Fifth
avenue. died to-day in his foom In the Palmer
House.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
OSCAR KNAPP.

oscar Knapp, well known resident of Williams
b,,re died from heart disease at his home. No. lsS
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-04-21
,,oe EeTHER M'NEIL.

r,-r,,,, \. y. April 20. Mrs Esther Mcneil.
-. =, Tho sarly leaders OF the WOmen's Christian
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1907-12-17
WONDERFUL FOOT RACE
Strange Contest Held by the
Mexican Indians, the
Taramaharaa.

"The most wonderful race | ever
saw, in which an Indian ran 1O5
miles in 16 hours, took place recently
in the State of chihuahua. Mexico"
remarked Theron c. Crawford, of
London, to the Washington Post.
"The man who won this race" con,
tinued Mr.. Crawford. "had the bene-
fit of tiaining Through his ancestors)
Tor hundreds of years. He is one of
Ia tribe of native Indians-the Tara
maharas-the members of which car
ried messages for the Montezumas.
Prescott tells us that this mans an
cestors carried fish to the table of
the king snbdued by Cortez from a
lake 270 miles away, and did ii In
one day. If they were developed to
mat endurance as runers in that day,
now many centuries did ii take their
fathers to achieve such perfection?
These Taramaharas In the PROV
ince of Chihuahua today are the direct
descendants of those who ran with
messages and carried fish for the
Montezumas. In recognition of their
efficiency the Mexican Government
made them the carriers of its mes
sages. They are simple people. live
almost entirely nude and in the omen
air. The chests of the men are de-
veioped to wonderful power, and their
entire bodies give evidence of tho
physical training they have received
They are monogamists. They live in
rude log huts, quite different from the
Mexican adobe.
This race was between % of tho
swiftcst runners of the tribe Those
who participated wagered olmos,
everything they had. Their fellow
erioesnen bet on their respective fav-
ori'es. Feiico Cruz, the winner bet
ms WE against 30 boats. This was
NOT particularly strange. for the
III, .rlDesmen often exchange spouses.
ne indians and the Mexicans for
i,iies around were wrought to high
pitch. zach of the runners was al
tended by his wife and n friend or
TWO. The course was laid ont in a
-, track in great divide in
the mountains.
When the Indians, their bronzed
oodies shining in the sun. lined I'm
ION the start at IL o'clock IN the
morning there was a great crowd to
see mem. AT the signal each kicked
ball about the size of one of our
tiseballs. made of feathers and lined
with leather. This each had IN keen
Kicking all the way along the course
OF l05 miles. And each was occom-
panied by a mounted guard to see
mat no trickery was resorted tn
All day they ran. the Interest n,
me crowds of watchers olono tho
course never abating. Whom II oraw
,m .ne mounted guards accompany
ing .he runners carried great torches
so, mat each contestant might see the
p"ii ne was kicking. saw the horses
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1907-12-17

their mounts and the runners them
selves outlined against the twilight
on Il high hill at one time during the
race. 1t was an inspiring and beanti-
full sight. Though / was keeping late
hours. my interest never ceased
stayed up until the finish.
AT last, at o'clock in the morn
ing. accompanied by his guards and
many friends. Felicio Cruz finished
the last lap in the race. All the 9th
ers had dropped out. He had won
30 goats and about all the blankets In
the tribe and kept his wife. The ma
lives gave him great ovation. was
satisfied with the purchase of the
blanket he wore part of the time he
ran.
What effect did the gruelling con-
test have or FelicioP Apparently
none whatever. He did not go to
bed; in fact, did not sleep for Ave
days. During all that time he sat on
rude bench outside the doSr of his
nut. He ate but little. AT the end
of the five days he was as fresh as
ever. He is a wonderful man.