davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
BUILDING UP A DAIRY.

There are good cows in all breeds
and vast number of excellent cows
OF mixed breeding. 1t is not desirable
for the beginner to have pure bred
cows in working his dairy
There are many cases where high
bred cows have fully equalled if not
surpassed, the pure bred animal.
From the time the heifers are bred
until they are ready to drop their first
calf is one of the most critical times
In their life and they will do better
to be turned out in the yard or pas
ture by themselves away from the
older cows on account of the dangers
of abortion either through injury
or contracting the disease from the
herd.
From the time the heifers are taken
OF from the skim milk diet until 1t
Is desired to breed them ground oats
Is the best grain feed that we know
Of, 1t developes the organs Of mater
nifty the best of any grain and If more
young animals were fed ground oats
there would be very little complaint
about shy or non-breeders.
1t is necessary to impress upon the
minds of some dairymen and farmers
the fact that the calf should be fed
whole milk for two or three weeks
after 1t is taken away from it's dam
and when changed to skim milk the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
MUST have GOOD BULL.
Dairy Herd Canont be Made Profit
able Without Animal Of Good -.
Blood.

NY o MATTER how good a bull you
IN select, without proper care and
the right management he will
prove disappointment. There Is no
animal on the farm that is so often
neglected to the extent that the bull
is and the majority Of farmers and
dairymen regard him as a nuisance
and his presence is only tolerated be-
cause he is regarded as necessity.
A great many, as long as they can
borrow or get someone to trust them
for the service, will do SO and when
obliged to keep one for their own
dairy will keep him in the most shift
less manner and allow him only feed
enough to keep him alive, keep him in
a dark. poorly ventilated stable where
he stands from one weeks end to the
other and only watered when it is
convenient.
He is never taken out and exercised
when his services are required or else
he is turned out when yearling and
allowed to wear himself out by ex-
cessive service until in year or two
he becomes uncertain and worse than
useless. What else could be expected
Deprived In one case Of all that goes
to make and develop substance and In
the other case his substance allowed
to go to waste to such an extent that
he is barely able to exist.
He has been expected to perform
services that only an older and well
developed bull could be expected to
perform. Many fine blooded animal
has been purchased from some we'll
known herd and turned out as mere
calf to shift for himself and do the
work of a matured bull and his owner
becomes Disguised because he fails
to stand the rough treatment and con-
dennis all pure bred stock when the
fault was not with the animal but
with himself when he allowed him to
become ruined by his own careless
ness and mismanagement. Does 1t
seem strange that the stock from such
an illtreated bull, half-starved, ILL
conditioned. worn out and weak.
should be a failure.
1t Is impossible to further improve
the quality Of our dairy cows unless
we depend to a large extent upon the
bull to bring about the desired i'm
provement and it is folly to imagine
that a bull can bring about this i'm
provement unless he is we'll cared for
and fed the right kind of food to
build up a good, strong constitution
and vigorous health
1t would require a longer article
than have space for to go into al
of the details of caring for the hero
bull but what want to impress upon
the minds Of all farmers and dairy.
men is that they should pay attention
to the care and management of the bull
| If they desire to improve the quality
Of their dairy herds.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
APPLIES SPOIL THE COW.

Keep tab upon the profit from
each COW and weed out those that do
not prove good investment.
Much is said about the value Of APP
pies for food. That the cows relish
them is evidenced by the greed with
which they flock around any tree with
in reach never satisfied until 1t Is
stripped.
Yet this very fondness is .detriment-
|al unless the fruit can be furnished
regularly. It produces discomfort in
the herd. Having acquired taste Of
the apples cattle frequently refuse to
eat other food and perhaps learn to
jump fences In quest of more apples.
If there is a stray tree in the pas
ture it is better to gather the fruit
and feed to the pigs rather than to
have the cattle disconnected because
they have got taste and cannot find
more.
Wild crabs likewise attract them
with the same results. Stored away
and doled out regularly among the
winter rations they aid In the milk
flow as well as in the general health
Of the cow. But when supplied in the
pasture they usually breed trouble.
IL lCACcS dIc SuCCeSSlul III ToSIC6lu-
ing they will bawl and raise such dis
turbanec that it is impossible to secure
their greatest gains.
If there are scattering wild apple
trees it is cheaper to cut them down
when the danger from choking is ell
minated. For the most Of the fatal
results from this cause come about
through one COW trying to drive an
other away.
| Give each It's allowance in the stable
and trouble rarely comes from it. But
when they are in the field and one
grabs an apple and hastily gulps it
down, certain that others will strive
for 1t, then come the serious results.
Should this accident occur the apple
may often be located from the out
side and gently pressed up or down
as seems easiest. Only an expert
should attempt probing as even in
skilled hands this is sometimes fatal.
Melted butter or lard will sometimes
dislodge the fruit.
If bloating occurs force two-inch
roller into the mouth fastening the
ends with strings to the horn. This
will prevent further formation Of gas
in the stomach and give relief until a
veterinary can be summoned.-Bessie
L. Putnam.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
WHAT is A DAYS PLow1NGq

While cutting furrow 8 inches
wide. the plown1an walks just about
IL miles while he is at work turning
over one acre, that is without reckon
ing the journey from the barn or
house to the field and back again.
1t is one of the advantages of long
fields that the time occupied in turn
ing at the ends Is much less than on
shorter stretches and smaller fields.
In blowing an acre $50 yards long,
cutting a inch furrow, the man goes
27 IL times around, and turns on the
headland So times. If we allow one
minute for turning, the time thus TAX
en- up is equal to So minutes or say an
hours work, and about the hardest
beside. This would be a field of aver
age length. Now when field is ITO
yards long, the number of turnings
is just doubled, therefore. the amount
of hand work and the time absorbed
is one hour and SO minutes.
In a field lit yards long the plow-
Ier turns 165 times in order to cut
Through an acre with nine inch fur
row; and allowing one minute for
each turning, 2 ga hours of time are
occupied in that operation.
Further along the line Of tedious
blowing, to plow pace, to do good.
steady work, varies from 1 IL to two
miles an hour. Applying these figures
to the eleven miles walked in plow-
ing an acre. at the rate of 1-2 miles
an hour, takes 1-s hours.
With a 10 inch furrow there is one
mile less of walking which may be
computed as half an hour to "a of an
hour, according to the estimate OF
travelling pace.
With 10 inch furrow on light land,
where the ordinary burrows are 352
yards long. from six to seven hours are
occupied per acre at the ordinary pace
Of two miles per hour.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
BERKSHIRE A GOOD HOG
Easily Fattened, a Good Breeder and
One of the Best Mortgage
Lifters Known.
TIME Berkshire hog has been Bred

TSHE Berkshire hog has been Bred
for a longer time, with a view
of Improvement. than any other
known breed of swine. The breed Is
today acknowledged to be the best
general purpose hog. They are we'll
adapted to the needs of the eastern
farmer who makes pork growing a
valuable appendage to his dairy, they
are adapted to the corn belt where an
early maturing animal is desired. they
are adapted to the southern farmer
who makes forage play an important
part In his rattesns of food.
There is no breed that will breed
so true to the markings characteristic
of the breed as the Barkshire and
they are rightly named the aristo-
Gratis Of the show ring.
The improved Berl1shires of the
present day are well established
breed possessing many definite and
valuable qualities among which are
the following body black with smooth
plum colored skin. soft fine hair, feet
and top of tail white. with dash
of white in the face and many times
white nose and also some white on
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

wing themselves gentle mothers and
good mixers. The pigs come strong
and healthy and are soon able to care
for themselves. The pigs are usually
uniform in appearances and of the
same markings and grow rapidly and
evenly until maturity and can be made
ready for market at any age desired.l
For the purpose of improving the
ter breed can be found, having de-
bred ancestors he possesses in an un
rivaled degree the power to stamp
his individuality upon his progeny.
He has contributed largely to the
make up of the numerous breeds of
hogs in all parts of this country. In
fact we might truly say the best blood
that courses through the veins Of most
other hogs Is Berkshire.
AS common grazing hog the Berk-
shire is unexcelled as his popularity
in the south will testify. He will thrive
and grow fat on good pasture and lit
tie grain during the summer months
when other hogs would have to be lib-
orally and regularly fed to keep them
in a creditable condition.
As distinguished as the shorthorns
are among the various breeds of cat-
tie. SO are the Berkshires among the
various breeds Of swine. To England
must always be given the honor OF
being the original home of the Berk-
shire: but at the present the United
States with its great natural advan-
tages in soil and climate Ia producing
fully as good BerkEhires aa the best
breeders of the old country.
The Berkshires are the most widely
disseminated of any breed, but there
are many other breeds that have many
points of excellence which render
them we'll adapted to special uses or tc
the particular necessities of certain
localities.
But in most all cases we find thai
these new breeds are being measured
and weighed, by their favorities, b,
the Berkshire standard of perfection
This is another Acknowledgement O.
their superior qualities.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
A CITY MANS VENTURE
Gives up Specializing to Become
Flower Raiser, Makes Money and
Gains Health
(By c. G. Bowsfield.)
SUCCESSFUL grain broker quit
Ia ari., L : :

SUCCESSFUL grain broker quit
II business in Chicago tive years
ago to engage In Horticulture.
he was tired of city life and had the
little farm idea.
Being practical man, he determin.
ed to make his farm yield an income
sufficient to maintain his family in the
comforts to which they had been ac-
customed.
he bought twenty acres of land In
DuPage County and went in for car
NATIONS. The flower beds were started
before buildings could be erected or
other improvements made
In four months from the time he
secured his land this practical business
man was shipping carnations to tho
city market. One greenhouse covers
ing nearly half an acre had been put
UP and large steam heating plant
was being installed
The latter feature was in WORKING
order before winter set In. Two DWELL
ing houses were also put up. Al
soon as his help was we'll organized
and accustomed to the work at hand
another large greenhouse was erected.
The production of flowers proceed
cd all winter and the end of the first
year round this man, who was running
mis- farm on business principles, en-
Joying an income of $1,000 q month
chiefly from carnations.
Ihe varieties of carnations which
Mr. Wanzer is raising with particulars
success are Boston Market Thos, Law
son, White Lawson Lady Bountiful,
Enchantress, Victory, Aristocrat and
Windsor Victory is variety that II
tnousht much of after one seasons
trial with 1000 plants and the output
OF this carnation during 1907 will be
much more extensive. All of the
varieties named are good shippins
stock.
Mr Wanzer's SUCCESS in developins
an unusually profitable business 80
quickly is due In great measure to
his nearness to Chicago. But even II
the shipment had to be made to
much more remote point these flowers
would stand up we'll for market pur-
poses. White Lawson Is an Eastern
plant that has come into great favor,
II Is prolific as we'll as rich and fraE-
rant. OF course, the average farmer
lacks the capital necessary to start
up as this man did, with expensive
steam plant and hot houses but these
facts are given to illustrate point.
This city man knew that the money
was not In raising crop of grain OF
: IN elevating the entire energy of a
) family to a dairy. That is tho old
: way. It is necessary to be different,
) Grain is all right and the dairy ID
all right, but the individual farmer
[overdoes them.
1t is only the intensive farming that
pays we'll. There Is so much un-
certainty in every line of ordinary
farming that the progressive man ID
led to diversity and to strike out on
! new lines.
| There is good profit in bees al
times. and they come in we'll with the
chickens. SQUADS. mushrooms and the
like on diversified farm. Experience
is needed in ali these lines to make
them pay. but If they are taken up
one after the other and handled prac-
tically the little farm will soon become
business enterprise yielding q good
. monthly income.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

Hoops for silo should be of SD
round iron. Threads should be cut on
each end Of hoop to take UP any
shrinkage.
Hoops should be placed as follows;
first one near bottom about six inches
from sill; next two feet higher and
each alternate hoop six inches higher
than the last one. This is for Is. 20
and 25 feet in diameter silos.
The roof of silo can be built Of
boards. put on hip roof style or a cone
shaped roof can be put on and
shingled. Metal roofing is used by
many while many have no roof. I
have used silos without roof with
out seeing any bad results,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

jowl; forehead and face broad; face
dished, with large eyes and short
snout, ears of medium size thin, soft
and carried in an upright position,
neck short, broad and broad on top
with jowl large and full; shoulders
broad on top and deep through the
chest; back broad; side deep and
nearly straight on the bottom lines;
hams large, reaching well down on
hook, we'll rounded and deep through,
causing the legs to stand we'll apart,
these as well as the forelegs short
and strong, and standing well on the
toes; the tail tapering rather fine and
we'll set up.
In general form modern well bred
Berkshire, in good condition is SYM
metrical throughout, attractive in APP
pearance and recognized at once as
an animal of more than ordinary
worth.
The improved Berkshire is further
characterized by the superior quality
and proportionate quantity of it's flesh.
which is tender and juicy, the hams
and shoulders being nicely marbled
with fat and lean meat, while the sides
are also noted for their excellence in
these respects making them especially
desirable for curing as bacon.
A large coarse fat ham Is not the
kind usually sought after when people
have learned the good qualities of a
we'll cured Berkshire ham and neither
do they care for the fat coarse side OF
bacon after they have once had the
Berkshire sides or the superior
shoulder.
There is less waste in dressing a
well fitted Berkshire than in dressing
any other kind of hog. From the
fattening pen to the packing house he
suffers less loss than any other breed
and after he has gone through the
curing process and has found the con-
sumner the percentage of waste is the
smallest Of any breed.
In hardness and vigor the Berk-
shire may be safely said to excel
every other breef of swine simply be-
cause he possesses much higher vital
powers. This is no unwarranted as
sertions but has been affirmed by MANY
of our best swine breeders in all parts
Of the country and under many en-
tirely different conditions,
Berkshire swine are also noted for
their docility and proliflcacy; the sows
usually bringing large filters and pro-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

change should be gradual and as the
supply of skim milk is increased it
will be desirable to supplement some
kind of grain to replace the fat re-
moved from the milk.
1t requires more skill to feed to
meet the conditions on a farm than to
feed for a record, regardless of utiliz-
ing the home grown feeds to the best
advantage. as for this reason it is very
difficult for man to advise a farmer
about feeding his dairy cows unless he
is acquainted with the conditions that
surround that particular farm.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
SNAPSHOTS OF THE FARM.

Many years ago Eastern farmer
sold their farms at high prices to buy
cheap western lands. Now some farm.
ers in the West are selling high priced
land and are buying the cheap and
abandoned farms of the East. Mas.
sachusetts and Connecticut. 1t is said.
have plenty Of such farms, and that
enterprising Western farmers are the
purchasers.
During busy time or bad spell
of weather some things about tho
barn are neglected until the ap-
pearance is guilty untidy If one will
only spend a half day putting things
to rights about the barn 1t will be
time well spent.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
"A GLORIOUS CHANCE.
By R. A. Callinper.


In the days of Hiawatha,
And long. long time thereafter,
When the farmer went to market
"a the Kids would yell, "Hey, farmer,
What's the price Of oats an 4odderi
Did you ever prune yer whiskersl
Better git shave an haircut"
Giggle like they didn't know much,
Showing by their silly actions
That That their cir, training had been sighted.
Acted like bunch of heathens,
Elevating all their noses
When the farmer yentured near them.
They The would buy his eggs and butter,
And would sell him things he needed,
At their own and not his prices
And the hopes that he had cherished,
l On his way to town that morning,
Were all shattered by the doings
81 the. people In the city.
We will now compare the present
With the past. and see the difference,
Sc the. progress and advancement
That the farmer has been making.
City folks have learned for certain
That the days of "rubes" and "hayseedss
Have forever Justly vanished
Like a SNOWFALL in furnace.
Nowadays, whcne'er the farmer
Goes into the busy city
He is treated right and proper,
Feeling no humiliation
It's a ''cinch" he knows his busines.
He is posted on the markets,
Knows just what to ask or offer
When he makes sale or purchase.
Now, there are at least two reasons
Why these things have changed so greatly,
First, because: our friend. the farmer.
Has at last got next" to something.
He has climbed up to the summit
Where he should have been for ages,
He has caught right up with progress.
And he feels his INDEPENDENCE.
In. the second place, the people
OF the city all have tumbled
To the great fact that the farmer
Is the source of their existence.
That in all things is their equal.
That he sure is independent,
That he's got them in his wagon"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
FALL GARDEN NOTES.

Mulch everything that likes moisture.
Keep the lawn tidy and the weeds
down.
Plant lilies deep; shallow planting
is ruinous.
Root slips of hydrangea for spring
blooming.
Pot freesias for succession.
Don't delay planting lilium candIum
longer.
Pansies to be wintered in cold frame
should be sown.
Sow hollyhock seeds as soon as ripe
In rows in the garden.
Feed and water the cosmos well for
bloom later on.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
RIGHT WAY TO PACK FRUIT.

The apples in this barrel are pack
ed from the bottom to the top each
layer being graded 30 as to fill the
barrel exactly. Fruit packed in this
way will command much higher
prices than If packed at random with
big and little apples all in the same
layer on top,
The barrel should be packed flush
with the top and after the heading is
put on 1t should be pressed down
slowly, but firmly, until the apples
cannot move during shipment.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
POTATO BLIGHT.

When infected seed is used the fun
gus quickly works its way up into the
tender stalk and destroys it. The dark
spots on the plants show how the fun
gus eats its way to the center. The
black spots on the root show how it
starts. The plant may appear vigorous
at the top but there will be no potatoes
at the root. Clean seed in clean soil
will produce clean potatoes. Rotate
your crops and watch for disease every
dav
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12
BOARD AND TIMBER MEASURE.

First multiply the length by the
breadth, and the product will give the
surface desired. If the dimensions
are given in inches. multiply as above
and divide by 10. When all dimensions
are IN inches multiply as before and
divide the product by 144. Here is an
example: What are the number Of
square feet In board Is feet in length
and 16 feet in width.-15x16-240 and
240 divided by 1870 feet.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

This plant is sometimes called the
sofa bean. and is one of the most valu-
able leguminous crops for green
manuring. 1t came to this country
from Japan and can be grown in any
state except in the extreme northern
states.
It grows more upright than the COW
pea and produces a large amount Of
stem and foliage.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

These little baskets can be made
from birch bark and decorated with
ribbons II desired. A very pretty GUS
tom exists in some of the Eastern
states of making these baskets, trim
ming them with flowers or plants and
at night hanging them on the door
knobs of friends and neighbors.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

1t has been estimated that the av-
erage annual crop of honey In the
United States amounts to 1875 5000, 900
pounds. with a value of $4,000. 900 to
1000, 900.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

Cut out the old, unsightly wood,
and give the new growth chance.
This for hardy rose bushes and shrub
berry.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-10-12

Plan protection for ell plants, We
know not what the winter months
may bring forth.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1907-03-28
Cured of Cancer in Ten DAYS.

The Sun-Republic: "Here's John S
cancer" exhibiting bottle. Those
were the words Supt. Perkins greeted
the writer with Wednesday morning
He referred to John Conway, who had
returned from Evansville the previous
day. The cancer had been bothering
Conway for several months. 1t was
about three inches long one inch wide
and one inch thick. Tt caused his lip
to hang down and was the source of
much pain and discomfort. Mr.. Per-
kins' action in this case is heartily en-
dorsed by everyone who is familiar
with the faithful services which Con-
way has rendered the county while he
has been in it's charge.
The wound caused by the loss of the
cancer is healing rapidly and in a
couple of weeks the lip will resume its
original shape and appearance, with
no Disagreement of any kind.