The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-05-21
POLITICAL DUTY
 OF THE CITIZEN
(continued from First Page.)

one worthy to be named with Wash ington as the example and inspiration of patriotisn-Was the modest soldier
 who cared more for his cause than for his office, and who was willing not
 merely to wield power, but to give up power, for his country's good.
 r It has always seemed to mo that Mir. Tilden pursued a very patriotic and conemndable course when the election to the presidency was in question be-
 tween him and MT. Hayes in 1876. The election was very close and there was no doubt that if all the votes actually cast in the Southern States received effect MT. Tilden would be declared elected but many votes had been rhrown out by the State returning boards in the south on account of all legged fraud and intimidation that had prevented the casting of other votes,
 which, if cast, would probably have caused a different result. There was
 question that inevitably would have
 resulted in Civil war in any country
 where the personal idea was predomi- nant in politics. and there were in this country many men of high character and standing who urged that MT. Til
 den's title to the office should be as-
 serted by armed force; but he was de- cided and immovable in the position that he would permit no breach of the peace of the country in his behalf, whether he got the presidency or not. The questions were finally submitted to a special court devised for the pur- pose, and that co1rt by majority of one decided in favor of MT Hayes. So
 MT. Tilden lost the presidency; but he gained what was of far greater value "a title to the esteem and gratitude of all good citizens. He probably rem dered greater and more permanent public service than by anything he
 could have done as President.
 The second stage of development in popular government is reached when the people of a country have passed be- wound exclusive attachment to individ
 ual fortunes and, turning their atten- ton to questions of principle or policy or material interest, have arrayed themselves in support of their various
 opinions or desires, but have not yet
 reached the point where they are able
 to subordinate minor considerations upon which they differ to those of primary and vital importance upon
 which they agree. In this stage of development many groups make their appearance, each having some control ling idea which it regards of primary importance. Sometimes those ideas are local; sometimes they are religious;
 sometimes they relate to special class or business interests; sometimes they relate exclusively to some special po- litical, social, or economic question. The most conspicuous result of such condition is found in the election of legislative bodies, in which representa- tives of all the different groups are found, and in which no party has a majority; so that no affirmative legis- lation Is possible except by trades and combinations between different groups.
 One effect of this legislative condition is that in countries where the execu- tive is responsible to the legislature the executive cannot depend upon steady and constant support from the law making body in any line of policy, be- cause the combination of groups is continually changing and the executive that has majority today may find it. self in the minority tomorrow. The most corrupt and unsatisfactory period in the government of Great Britain was when Parliament was divided into groups in this way
 Great Britain has passed out of that stage into the third and higher stage of development, in which two great po- litical parties oppose each other upon fundamental differences, the members of each differing in many respects among themselves upon minor ques- tions but not allowing those differences to break up their party This condi- tion now exists both in England and in the United States. Under it the ex- scutive government has the continuous support of it's own party and 50 long