davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1907-10-11
GOVERNOR VOICES SENTIMENT OF
THE SOUTH.
(NewportiNews Press }

Governor Swanson voiced the opinion
of every thinking Southern-born white
man in America, when, in his speech
before the American Bankers Associa-
tion at Atlantic City Tuesday, he said:
THE freeing of the slaves cost the
South 5000, 600, 900. At the close of
the war the ballot was given to the
vicious and debased, but after years of
self-sacrifice we have recovered; by
legislation we have practically eliminat-
ed the negro from politics. We will
stand together on this question as we
have never stood on any other. We
will treat the negro kindly, but, so help
US God, we will hold him in his place,
for his own good and for the South s
salvation"
Thus, in dozen lines, the Governor
of Virginia has stated the race problem
as it exists in the South. He covers
the ground fully, telling the origin of
the problem, the temporary solution
and the Southern white mans attitude
as the future.
1--WE will treat him kindly, but, SO
help US God, we will hold him in his
place." this is the sentiment of the
South. Trouble makers in the North
and in the South may do or say what
they please, this attitude will be main
tanned just so long as the white man
lives in the South.
AS the Governor says, the South has
no desire to be unkind to the negro
Although the better class of negroes ir
the North may be allowed privileges, il
is generally agreed that on the whole
the race receives better treatment il
the land of their former masters thar
everywhere else.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1907-10-11
CONSTRUCTION OF
SAND-CLAY ROADS.
Introduction.


Natural sand-clay roads may ire-
quently be found in localities where the
soil contains the right proportions of
sand and clay. In sections of the
country where the prevailing subsol is
composed entirely Of clay, or, on the
other hand, is of an extremely sandy
character, these materials may be
properly mixed so as to overcome asfar
as possible the Objectionable features
of each. The mixing of sand and clay
as a form of road construction has
received careful study and is of great
Importance, especially to the Atlantic
and Gulf States, where throughout large
areas sand and clay are practically the
only materials available for road build
ing. 1t must be remembered, however,
that the great variation in the physical
properties of clay makes it difficult to
give definite rules, which shall be gen.
eral in their nature, for the mixing and
application of this material.
The construction OF sand-clay roads in
the Southern States has passed the ex-
perimental stage. 1t has been prov ed
that they are we'll adapted for light
traffic, and are less noisy, less dusty,
and more resilient than the aveage
macadam road. Even under heavy
traffic they have proved to a great ex-
tent satisfactory. There are sandclay
roads in the South Atlantic and Gulf
States over which heavy loads of cotton
and other farm products are hauled
throughout the year, with but little
resulting damage. When the cheamess
of this kind Of construction is considered,
it will be seen that for certain lOcali-
ties, at least, tits preferable to macada m.
Physical Properties OF Sand and OF
Clay.
1t is awell-recognized fact that sand
lacks binding power, and on drying out
is of loose and unstable nature. Gays
vary both in texture and compost
ton. Some will be found to contain as
much as rs per cent Of sand, while
others are extremely fine in texture
and entirely without grit. AS would be
expected, the sedimentary clays are
usually finer and more sticky and plastic
than the so-called residual clays.
The two properties of clays which are
of the greatest Importance from the
standpoint of road building are, first,
Elasticity, and second, the property of
shaking when they first become wet
after having been uncovered. A clay
is called plastic which becomes sticky
or dough-like when mixed witha certain
amount Cs water, so that it can be
nodded or pressed into various shapes
which it will retain even after it has
been dried. The most plastic of these
materials are known technically as
''ball clays." If lump of such aclay
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1907-10-11
results.

results.
If the materials are especially
adapted to the purpose it is
possible to construct very ex-
cellent sand-clay roads without
the use of plow, harrow or roll
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1907-10-11

of quicklime will do under similar
conditions. This is known to be due to
the very rapid absorption of water into
the porous structure of the clay. 1t
win easily be seen that this character
istic is an important one from the stand
point of the road builder, for any sort
Of agitation will cause large percent
age of a shaking clay to pass into sus-
pension in water and form thick mud.
Non-slaking clays, although they are
very sticky when wet, do not SO readily
mix with water. 1t stands to reason
that the shaking clays are usually deep
seated" that is to say, they will be
found below the surface of the ground.
shaking clays are more easily mixed
with other materials than the more
plastic ball clays, and this is, of course,
to their advantage for road building.
On the other hand, they are often of
inferior binding power. Before con-
structing sand-clay road it is best to
test the materials available in the i'm
mediate neighborhood in order to secure
those best suited to the work.
There is still another physical char.
acteristic of clay which is more or less
important from the standpoint Of roac
building. Some clays shrink when dried
which leads to the cracking and break
ing up of their surfaces. Fortuatel,
the shrinkage of clay is easily tested
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1907-10-11

order to puddle the road surface with a
harrow. As long as the surface shows
tendency to ''ball' and cake, more
sand must be added until tl.is trouble
is overcome. If, on the other hand,
the surface loosens in dry weather, it
is due to an insufficient quantity of clay
or else because the clay lacks binding
power. 1t must be born in mind that
the construction of sand-clay road is
not quick operation, but process of
rather slow developement. In the
course of the work there is time to de-
termine what proportion of the two
materials viii finally lead to the best
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1907-10-11

as this is immersed in water
it will usually preserve its form
for a long time.
There are other clays. how
ever, which will Immediately
fall to pieces, as a lump
f :II: IN
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1907-10-11

as it is only necessary to mix sample
with .he proper amount of water and
allow it to dry out in the sun. If the
mixing with sand is properly done the
bad effect of high shrinkage can be
largely overcome.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29
BEST OIL FOR ROADS.

Results OF Test in Kansas ~ Oils
Must Contain AsphaItun,.
A recent test Of oils for road making
in Kansas showed that the residuum
from the refinery was superior to any
Of the crude oils, one gallon Of the res
iduum being equal to two to four Of
cruds oil. s1==
In order to determine the value OF
this material for road making saws
Country Life in America, road bed
was prepared in sandy soil. After
grading 1t was plowed four and a half
inches deep and narrowed.
"A harrow preceded and followed
each applic lion Of the residuum, which
was repeated until one gallon had been
applied to each square yard. The sur
faco was then smoothed and rolled.
After considerable use the surface
OF the road became dusty and another
application was made. Prof. Dickens
reports that the road is perfectly sat
isfactory, being Arm, but not hard.
Another stretch of road treated IN
the same way sustained loads weigh.
Ing three tons and more during vet
weather without being damaged. Not
even q break In the surfacti crust &c.
cured Oils containing less than 80
per cent Of asphaltums are not fit for
road purposes. .:s
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29

much a part OF the family that would
have felt it great hardship to leave
them. Dick and were very friendly;
I'VE both loved the same creatures, you
see.
I Little Margaret was nearly two
years old when my twenty-ninth birth
day came. You thought l was older
than that? Well, no wonder, felt SO
very much older in the days of which
! have told you. But that spring ]
felt so happy it made me young again,
1t was one day when Sylvie was at
the piano, and 1, leaning back in my
chair, listened to the soft, dreamy mu.
sic that always fell from her fingers
when she played.
After a time Dick came up the
steps with letters for us all. Among
mine was one in a handwriting that
even then could make my pulse beat
faster. Walter was alive and had not
forgotten me after all.
tore it open and read without pref.
ace or heading Of any kind, these
lines:
n
"You will doubtless be surprised,
Margaret, to hear from me after this
lapse of years-eight think in reality
but 80 to me in the agony I have
suffered. left you resolved to forget
you, but you must have known that
could not be. Sickness, trouble and
pride kept me from writing to you.
You would find me faulty still,
dear, but all these years have strug.
gled to overcome my temper and to
moderate my passions, so that think
II life held Happiness in store for me,
it would not be married By one head.
strong act.
But that may not be; my own life
is practically over. am a wealthy
man, but a hopeless cripple, and there
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29
SOUTH AMERICAN RAILWAYS.
They Run East and West Instead Of.
North and South.

Although to the North American
opponents of that project there has
seemed a discouraging lack of interest
in the Pan-American railway scheme
on the part of South American railroad
men, there has really been no cessa.
ton of the activity in their more i'm.
mediate spheres, says the American
Review Of Reviews.
s'Let us build the lines the country
needs" they say, and don't ask us to
go out of our way to further a scheme
which, however practicable from an
engineering point of view, would not
pay us dividends in this century, and
possibly not In the next.
eve concede that we might benefit
indirectly through the increased stabil.
ity of government that would follow
the building of an intercontinentai
line, but that benefit is too remote to in.
terest us at a time when we have
ample opportunity for expanding all
our available funds in the construction
of lines that will yield returns from
the day they are opened"
So it happens that while there has
never been so much activity in railway
construction in South America as at
the present time, almost without excep.
ton the new lines are following the
parallels rather than the mefidians,
running east and west rather than
north and south.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29
FOR SELFISH ENDS.
The Efforts Being Made by the Ar'er''
can Medical Association.

The Political activity of the Amerl-
can Medical Association has Decome
so pronounced as to cause comment
in political circles especially as the
the avowed purpose OF the DOCTORS u
the Regular or Allopathic school, OIL
which the Association is chiefly com
posed, is to secure the passage OF sucn
laws as will not only prevent the
sale of so-called Patent" medicines,
but will restrict the practice OF meal
cine and healing to the schools" now
recognized This in many states would
prevent the growing practice OF Us
teopathy, and in nearly every state
would prevent the healers OF the
Christian Science and mental science
belief from practicing those sciences
in which the faith Of so many intelll-
gent people is SO firmly rooted.
The American Medical Association
has Committee on Legislation"
and the committee has correspond
ents in, practically every township =
some 10000 correspondents in all.
This committee at the last session OF
the American Medical Association
held in June of this year expressed
hope that larger number of physl-
clans than heretofore will offer them
selves as candidates for Congress at
the first opportunity. In its annual
report this Committee said: ITO meet
the growing demands of the move
ment, however, particularly If the
work of active participation in State
legislation is undertaken, larger
clerical force must be employed"
This Is almost the first time in the
history of the United States that any
organized class has frankly avowed
the purpose of capturing legislatures
and dominating legislation in their
own selfish interests.
The American Medical Association
has about $4,000 members of whom
$4,000 are. fully constituted mem
bers" and the rest are members be-
cause Of their utilization with state or
local societies. The Association owns
real estate in Chicago valued at SILL
1871 and Its total assets are s2s1,-
567.S9. It's liabilities, at the time of
the annual report which was made at
the June meeting, amounted to only
$21,906 The excess of assets over
liabilities is increasing at the rate of
about 100000 a year, and the purpose
of the organization is to dominate
the field of medicine, and by crushing
all competitions by securing the pas
sage of prohibitive legislation, compel
all of the people of the United States
to pay doctors fee every time the
most simple remedy is needed.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29
BAD DREAMS
Frequently Due to Coffee Drinking.

One OF the common symptoms OF
coffee poisoning is the bad dreams that
spoil what should be restful sleep. A
man who found the reason says:
Formerly was a slave to coffee.
was like morphine fend, could not
sleep at night, would roll and toss in
my bed and when did get to sleep
was disturbed by dreams and hobgob-
Inns, would wake up with headaches
and feel bad all day, so nervous
could not attend to business. MY writ
ing looked like bird tracks, had sour
belchings from the stomach, indiges-
ton, heartburn and palpitation Of the
heart, constipation, irregularity of the
Kidneys, etc.
Indeed, began to feel had all the
troubles that human flesh could suffer.
but when friend advised me to leave
on coffee felt as If he had insulted
me. ! could not bear the idea, it had
such hold on me and I refused to
believe 1t the cause.
ssut it turned out that no advice was
eyer given at a more needed time Tor
nnally consented to try Postum and
win the going Of coffee and the COM
ing OF Postum all my troubles have
gone and health has returned. / eat
ana sleep well now, nerves steadied
uoWn l and ! write a fair hand Gas you
can see). can attend to business again
and rejoice that I am free from the
monster coffee 4
Zen days trial of Postum in place OF
conee VIII bring sound. restful, 10.
troshins sleep. There's q Reason
Head The Road to Wellville. \, Ia pkgs.
] slassio. = q
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29

is yet danger Of losing the sight of my
right eye. It is the result of an acci.
dent in a mill of which 1 am owner.
I am in hospital now, and the doc.
tors say I would do we'll enough If
could only take an interest in what
life still holds for me. How can II
The only hope of my life is gone, for
how can claim you, now that 1 am
manned and nearly sightless? am
not morbid, dear-I am despairing.
II have made my will, and have left
you everything. 1t would have been
SO anyway, Margaret, and it is but a
trifle compared to the years l have
spoiled for you.
IT have heard that Sylyie is happily
married. How glad should be to see
you all. If she could have a sick man
and his nurse in her house, think
could come by-and-by. I must not
write any more-my eyes are paining
me. May I hope to hear from you?
Give me a little of your friendship,
dear, although I may not have your
love-"
aa Then followed an address, and his
well-known signature. read the clos
ing lines over again and then handed
the letter to Sylvie without word.
When she had finished, her tender
eyes we're full of tears.
"Of course he may come" she said.
II was always fond Of him for his own
sake as we'll as yours. You will write
at once, will you not?"
Two days later we had a telegram
from Dick, asking that the closed car
riage be sent to the station.
We were CT the porch with the little
Margaret when the carriage was
driven up the grave1ed road Then !
heard Dicks CHEEKY voice God bless
him!
Here's your invalid. He was not
morbid, not he! With only one arm
gone, and left one at that, and eyes
that will soon be as good as new, II
he only takes care of them. I didn't
bring his nurse girls, Tor here's Mar.
garet with nothing else to do, now you
are well. sylyie."
They were up the steps by this
time, and Iscould see how little help
Walter needed. I tried in vain to
speak and smile, and then felt a
strong right arm close about me, and
/ looked up into a face all alight with
hope and love.
Dick had taken Sylvie In through
the low French window, and could
hear him telling her.:
You should have seen him brighter
up when told him what I had come
for, and that she was waiting for him
The doctor said, all he needed was
something to live and work for. I have
had to keep telling him all the way
that it would beShis own fault if theil
lives were spoiled. guess he sees Il
now. but 1t was hard work. can tel
you rs.
AS we listened, Walter smiled doyu
at me.
It was All through him. love. :.
| said Ss. ss
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29
CHAPTER Viii Continued

CHAP En- W II ContInued.)
Marjorie started. Her mother went
to q side table on which was little
portable telephone. She held the re-
4 ceiversto her ear, and, when the clerk
4 from the downstairs ONCE replied,
{ asked that Sir William Gouldesbrough
should be told at once that Lady Poole
would be very glad to see him in No.
S207.
Marjorie rose and began to pace the
room. growing excitement master
ed her. her hands twitched, her eyes
were dilated. Perhaps she was at last
going to hear something something
definite, something new about Ger
& aid,
There was a knock at the door. A
waiter opened 1t and Sir william
! 9Goulde brough came into the room
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29
No More Work for Him,

Hicks suppose Dremer Is stu
pottering about his Inventions?
Wicks- Well. he has actually per
Ifected q great labor-saving scheme at
last.
q Hicks Really! l8.s
Wicks Yes. He's going to marry
Miss Millions!
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-08-29

Ii II you make your mind cesspool
your life certainly viii have an evident
i'll odor.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1907-11-14

, t'r Ua4S e, :. .
and manuel at Portsmo uth, presid-
ed over. by Dr.. LII. Reynolds, are
being fixed, UP IN +flne style for the
accommodation Of the distinguished
guests that are to be entertained
throughout the conference season.
Archttect John A. Lankford has been
down TO both of these ! Tldewater
strongholds this week. superjntend-
ing the work, Of getting things in
readiness. He has, completed the
$4,000 parsonage for st. Johns, and
is now pushing the remodeling and
re-decoration Of the church build-
ing proper. The main tower is be-
ing modernized, an additional tower
is to balance the eastern wing, and
the entire lower: front 1s: being re-
built with an extension stone por-
tico Of artistic design. The brick
work is all being carefully pointed
up the interior is to be frescoed
and the pews overhauled. When com
pleted, the repairs will cost upwards
Of $4,000, and the capacity Of the
church. will be Increased. to 1900.
The parsonage Is said Ito be !, the
anests enaahd by ~ GSaassed nsraga-
zion ia eRitE counffyag4 NO 33IIdaffGsh a.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1907-11-14

spent for trifles, wien it is sorely
needed for things Of permanent ben
eft. School houses should be bet
ter equipped, teachers should be paid
living salaries, books must be pur-
chased and clothing must be pro-
vided. To secure these necessities,
rigid economy must be exercised In
the expenditure OF our money. The
Negro boys and girls must be edu-
Gated If they are to, reflect credit
upon the race, and they must re-
ceive a larger proportion Of help
from our own people. The whites
will be. more inclined to assist us
when they find US trying in a man
full way to help ourselves. These are
timely utterances on the part Of Dr..
Washington, and what he has to say
In, his widely. circulated proclama-
ton, should be echoed from every
pulpit in the sections where such mis-
sionary effort is most needed.
r. w: THOMPSON.
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1907-11-14
OSTRICH FARMING IN CUBA.
PIumes That are More Profitable
= Than Those of Military Kind.

Mr.. Edward V. Morgan, American
Minister to Cuba, IN writing that an
experiment in OSTRICH farming has
recently been started at Marianao,
near. Habana, furnishes the following
particulars Of this new industry on
tho island: ''''= ~
The farm contains about 81 acres,
with shelters for the birds in incleln-
ent weather and a house for the en-
ployes. The laud Is divided into
large pens for the younger birds and
smaller ones for each pair Of breed
ers. There Is also a salesroom,
where ostrich feathers are sold--not,
however, necessarily. the product of
the farm. There are nov 48 osSriches
there, % Of which were imported
from the Phoenix American Ostrich
Farm Of Phoenix, Ariz.s and the bal-
anee from the Nice Ostrich farm in
France. Fourteen Of these are breed.
ers, aud others are between and Q
years old. The price the fu1l-grown
breeder IS from $500 to $500. and
that Of the Younger birds from $3.50
to 5000, according' to their age and
sex. The cost OF importation from
, either Arizona or France is about
| $l7, IT imported in quantities of 20
orr more, including Cuban custom
! duties. E
The ostrich l&ysyfoaK times year
each female giving from IA To "a
The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1907-11-14

eggs at each laying. About 20 per
cent Of these hatch out, and about
rs per cent Of those Matched arrive
at maturity. The period Of incuba.
, ton Is about AZ days. The young
birds are kept in green pastures near
the house and at night are put in
an artificially heated brooder house.
At the age: Of 6 months they are
placed in larger fields, but must be-
housed in inclement weather until
they arrive at the age Of about 20
months. They are fed on mixture
OF bran, corn, oats, barley and al
falfa, all Of which is imported from
the United States. The only disease
| to which they are subject is con-
sttpation. They never have been
known to be attacked by any con-
tagious disease.
| The first plucking is made at the
age OF 6 months. when the feathers
are narrow, coarse and Of small mar
ket value. Thereafter they are pluck
ed every months, the value Of the
feathers increasing at each plucking,
until they arrive at maturity at the
age Of years. When ready to be
plucked the bird is placed in a "
shaped corral, large enough to con-
tain his body and that Of the plucker.
His wings are then raised and all
the ripe feathers are clipped. Two
months later the quills left in the
wings are entirely dead and are
drawn without pain to the bird -
The raw feathers are then sent to
New York and sold to the dealers
who prepare them for the market.
The yield Of an adult male bird Is
about $50 and that Of female bird
about $45. The price at which they
are sold is regulated by that Of the
London market. The duty on them,
is Is per cent ad valorem on enter
ing the United States. There are two
varities Of ostrich, the Nubian and
the South African. The feathers Of
The former are larger and of finer
texture than those Of the latter, but
they have not the, same thickness and
width. An attempt Is being made to
! cross the two breeds with the object
o. combining the length and texture
Of the Nubian feather with the width
and thickness Of the South African.