davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1907-01-02

top-working Of seeding trees, which
for any reason have not proven salts
factory.
Cultivation-In the culture Of or
ange, plum, fig, and many other fruit
trees and plants, the ground is given
UP to them from the beginning. doubt
seriously whether any one would have
the temerity to advocate this in the
case Of pecan orchard. So long a
time must elapse before the trees come
into remunerative bearing that the
ground between must be put to some
use. Crops Of corn, cotton, peanuts,
cowpeas and vegetables may be planted
Or the intervening spaces may be set
in peach trees, figs or other small and
in many cases comparatively short
lived trees
Some people unfortunately get
around the difficulty in another way
They give no cultivation at all and al
low the trees to struggle along in
competition with grasses, weeds, briars.
and cattle and horses and other things
and expect results. Do you know, too
many of Our ideas of fruit culture are
borrowed from the woods? We think
that because a tree can grow and de-
velOp and bear it's fruit in the wood
and pasture lands that the pecan can
do the same. The object, the aim Of
those trees is to reproduce themselves,
ii we expect this only Of the trees we
have planted, we'll and good, the same
methods will suffice, but if we want
fruit, or nuts, something fit for the
market, the table, the palate, we have
to change our methods There is one
thing I might say, however, go to the
woods, thou cultivator, and learn Of it's
soil, note the mellow, friable condition
in which you find it, it's rich store Of
vegetable matter and humus, it's power
to hold moisture go to your
fields, to your orchards, to your pecan
paintings and seek to make the soil
like that, the ideal soil for the cultiva-
ton Of almost any crop, and you can do
it. Crops Of legumes or other plants
grown and turned under, liberal dress
ings Of stable manure, these are your
agents.
Treat your pecan trees in such way
as to make it possible for them to
work for you and they will do it. The
crops Of cotton and corn and tobacco
and vegetables which you grow among
them will return you something to
make up for your care during their
unproductive period of existence
Varieties -Prof. Waugh once said,
in regard to varieties of certain fruits,
that:
IF a stranger were to write to me
and ask me to select wife for him,
I should be somewhat embarrassed by
the request. Yet the problem would
be only little more difficult than the
one which is constantly presented to
the Experiment Station officers, or the
specialist, who is almost daily in re-
ceipt of letters asking for a selection
of varieties of strawberries or plums.
The fact is, the best varieties for any
man are the ones which do best for
him. This nobody can discover but
himself. Often the varieties which do
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1907-01-02

il oOlI dtlu OlllIldllC I\Cql1I ClllClllo. LII
regard to soil adaptation many of Our
fruits are quite particular. The Japan
plums prefer light soil, other plums
heavier SOIL pears a clay soil, peach
es a light soil, while the apple is
cosmopolitan Of the first rank. Its
equal, however, is found in the pecan,
which succeeds On such wide range OF
soils that it may safely be said to sue
coed on any soil It will grow on clay
lands, sandy lands, low ground, high
ground, on the bottom lands and the
hills above them What is usually con-
coded to be the best soil by many is a
loamy soil with a rather open sub-so1l.
But what lands can excel the rich,
deep a1luvia1 soils Of Louisiana and the
adj joining states for pecans? But there
is difference, for it must be granted
that on the heavier, moister lands, the
trees will give longer period Of their
lives to the making of trunks and
branches, while on dryer soils, they
come into bearing earlier and make
less wood relatively.
In it's climatic requirements the pc
can tree conforms rather closely with
those of the cotton plant
It has not been a success in North
ern regions, neither has it been found
to fruit at high attitudes. In fact, it
would appear to me, from what few
observations [ have been able to make,
that an altitude Of about 600 or 700
feet is about the extreme safe limit.
Why it does not fruit we'll in the local.
ties to which reference has just been
made has not been thoroughly investi-
gated. It appears, however, that two
things may be responsible for it. First,
the destruction Of the blooms by late
spring frosts and, second, a consider
able variation in the time Of maturity
Of the pistllate and stamlnate flowers,
which renders polllnation impossible.
But even outside the region in which
IL Will ouCCCCu do d IL I'LL OSal1liS llNN'
it is valuable as a shade tree. True it
takes long time to reach maturity.
AS a rule, however, the tree which is Of
slow growth is long lived, while the
tree of rapid growth is short lived.
To this rule, there are, [ know, some
exceptions, but in general it is true.
IL No1o
theories, many practices in pecan grow
ing, have been consigned to the trash
heap Of experience, and [ fear there
are some more to go there. Nearly
every horticultural industry dealing
with the growth of trees has had its
beginning with the seeding tree
Search the history of fruit raising and
in so many you will find that it has
been affirmed that this or that tree
will come true to seed. With regard to
the pecan, this fallacy has been SO thor
ough1y investigated and so completely
battered and bombarded with the mass
Of evidence forthcoming that it is no
longer able to stand alone.
If we would be sure Of securing the
exact characteristics Of a certain varie-
ty, we must plant budded Or grated
trees, or plant Seeding trees and then
top-work them The price of pecan
nursery stock is high at present, not
so high as it has been, and am Of the
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1907-01-02

Rockledge, Fla, Feb. I'd, 1906
Mr. E. o. Painter,
Jacksonville, Fla,
Dear Sir:
I beg to advise you that yesterday I for
warded you via express prepaid one box of or
anges; this box was taken from one young
tree three years old; the fruit is all like this
sample box and grown with the aid OF
Simon Pure No. 1. My trees are all healthy
and thrifty and I cannot TOO highly recon-
mend your fertilizer.
Joseph Dassey.
Mgr. Manhattan Grove.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
MANY CHANGES NOTED IN PER
soNNEL OF HOUSE AND
SENATE.
Old FACES MISSING
New Members Sworn in and Both
Houses Formally organized-Rep-
resentativea Choose seats-Resolu-
tione commemoratins Memory Of
Recently Deceased Members.

Washington, Dec. "A brilliant
scene characterized the meeting OF
the Sixtieth congress today. In the
senate and house OF representatives
there were notable gatherings in the
galleries Of representative Of the Of.
acial society Of the capital.
The striking scenes Of the day were
In the house Of representatives, where
the formal selection of Joseph G. Can
non again to be speaker of that body
and the designation by the democrats
Of John Sharp Williams as their lead
or, were occasions for ovations for
those gentlemen. The speaker re-
ceived as warm reception from the
minority as he did from his own
party.
The appearance Of w. J. Bryan on
the floor Of the house also was the oc-
casion for enthusiastic cheering.
Committees were appointed by both
houses to inform the president that
congress had met and was ready to
receive any message he might wish
to communicate. New senators and
representatives were sworn in and
both houses adjourned out of respect
to the memory of members who have
died during the recess of congress.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
FoRTY-sEVEN MINERS sUFFocAT.
ED IN COAL MINES NEAR
PlTTssuRe-ALL DEAD.
DEADLY GAS FUMES
Fearful Tragedy In Mani Mine Of unls.
ed Coal Company, s5 Miles From
Pittsburg-Mine Still So Full Of oas
That Reseuers Are Overcome With
Fumes.

Pittsburg, Dec. 2.-The fate OF Ave
Americans and 40 foreign miners,
while not definitely known, was pret-
ty well established late today by the
finding Of the body Of mine pumpeF
near the twenty-second entry from the
Naomi mine Of the United Coal COM
pany at Fayette City, IS miles from
this city. The man had died from
suffocation.
Judging from the two fatalities thus
far known, both having been caused
by poisonous gas fumes, it is almost
certain that the AZ miners still en-
tomber in the mine have succumbed
to the deadly black damp.
Hope that the men will be rescued
alive is gradually dwindling away.
There are 81 entries and the men
were working far back in the mine
when the explosion occurred last
night.
The work Of rescue Is proceeding
slowly and with much difficulty. OW-
ing to the poisoning gas fumes the
rescuers are unable to remain In the
entries more than is minutes at a
time.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03

ator to be recognized and presented
the credentials Of Senator Stephenson
Of Wisconsin.
The vice president ordered that the
roll of senators-elect be called alpha.
betically and they were sworn In and
escorted to their seats.
Under the form observed by the
senate, neither Senator Bankhead nor
Senator Johnson will be sworn In un-
til the deaths Of Senators Morgan and
Pettus have been acknowledged.
Messrs. Robert L. Owen and T. P.
Gore OF Oklahoma, not having been
elected to the senate by their legisla-
ture, were not received by the senate
and their credentials will not be ac-
cepted until after their election on the
10th instant.
The roll call showed IS senators
present. Senators Allison and Teller
were designated committee to in
form the president that congress had
assembled and is ready to receive
any communication. Senator Teller
offered resolutions OF respect to the
memory Of the late Senators Morgan
and Pettus of Alabama, and they
were adopted and the senate ad-
journed at 1888 p. m. until l o'clock
tomorrow.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
FLATHEAD COUNTY LUMRERMEN
WOULD ENJoiN RAILROAD.
CLAIM A CONSPIRACY
Lumber Dealers and Manufacturers
NAllege That New Rate Is conflsca-
tery and the Result Of Conspiracy
BY the Great Northern Railroad.
Especial to The Gazette. \


Helena, Dec. 2.-The hearing on the
application of the Flathead county
lumber manufacturers for a tempo
rary injunction directed against the
Great Northern railroad to prevent
that concern from collecting the DIFF
ference between the lumber tariff In
effect until November / and the new
tariff now in existence, came up in the
federal court this morning before
Judge William H. Hunt. Former Gov
ernor Lind of St. Paul and III. D. Fol-
som of Seattle appeared for the com
plainants and /. Parker Veazey for the
Great Northern. which made special
appearance.
Conditions under which the lumber
men of Flathead county operate were
detailed by the complainants' attor-
neys, and the rise and growth Of the
lumber business under the stimulus of
the 1895 lumber tariff, until at the
present time complete annihilation
threatens the industry by reason Of
the new tariff put in effect because Of
ulterior motives and in furtherance OF
conspiracy.
Defendants Argument.
Mr.. Veazey contended there was
nothing to show that the complainants
were entitled to come into a court Of
equity. He said that IL the rate were
unjust-a matter he did not pretend to
be familiar with-at the most, all the
complainants could suffer would be a
temporary Inconvenience of cents
per hundredweight until the inter-
state commerce commission, a body
expressly created to deal with such
problems, had adjusted it. He said
the shippers should not come into
court until the matter had been
passed upon by the commission, and
then if 1t were found to be an unjust
and excessive rate, suits to recover
from the Great Northern for the ex-
cess could be instituted. Various de-
.cisfons, notably that OF Judge Speer
OF Georgia, were cited in support Of
this contention.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
STOLE $4,000, BUT is RELEASED
ON TEcHNIcALITY.
FORGED COUNTY PAPER
Farrell Obtained Much Money From
Silver Bow County by Issuing Fraud
uIent Warrants, Blu. Supreme Court
Holds Them Void on Their Face.
Especial to The Gazette.)

Helena, Dec. 2.-The supreme cou.i,
in an oral announcement by Ch'et
Justice Bantly, today ordered the dis
charge of w. P. Farrell, former dep.
lty Of the clerk Of the district court
Of Silver Bow county, who mad been
convicted on the charge of forser..- cf
warrants and sentenced to % years in
prison.
The announcement of the court was
that the instruments were void, and
therefore their issue did not constitute
forgery. The principal reason ad-
vanced by counsel for Farrell was that
the warrants did not bear the county
seal as provided by law, and were
therefore void on their face.
Farrell, while deputy court clerk OF
Silver Bow county, stole nearly $4,000
from the county by means of forged
warrants issued to fictitious Jurors
George r. Dancer was the man who
endorsed the warrants, and they were
cashed by various other men in Butte.
Heavy Sentence.
Farrell was tried and convicted in
Judge DOMAINS court and sentenced
to % years in Deer Lodge penitentiary
la years on each of two counts Of for
gerry. His attorneys Immediately be-
gan the fight for him on the ground
that the warrants were void on their
face, and after a fight Of nearly year
have at last succeeded in getting him
free.
That Farrell got and used the money
Of the county by means of these war
rants was never denied. The fight was
entirely on technicalities.
In still another oral announcement
the court handed down an opinion az
firming the finding Of the district
court of Silver Bow county in the
suit of Hughes against Mullens, an
action relative to certain mining stock.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
TRAGEDY AT SALEM
WITH ROBBERY AS MOTIVE.
WHOLE FAMILY KILLED
Thought to Be the Work Of Tranps
Who Sought Plunder-After Murder
House Was Set Afire and Bodies
Nearly Consumed-Posse Organized.
Especial TO The Gazette.l

Il /
Salem, Ore, Dec. News Of the
murder of four persons on a ranch
near Macleay reached here today. The
bodies of a Mrs. Casteel, her daughter,
aged "a; her son, aged about 10, and a
foreman of the ranch, man named
Montgomery, aged about 40, were dis
covered in the burned ruins Of their
abode on what is known as the Hurst
ranch. Just how they were killed may
never be known, owing to the charred
condition of the bodies, but from the
fact that shotgun and blood-stainei
hatchet were found near the place 1t Is
surmised that those weapons were
used in the slaughter.
Robbery the Motive.
There is some speculation as to the
identity OF the murderers and the mo-
tive for the crime, but from the best
evidence at hand it would seem that
the killing was done by tramps bent
on robbery, who afterward fred the
house to give the impression that the
victims had been burned to death.
The sheriff and his deputies are
searching the vicinity for some trace
of the murderers.
The Casteel family and Montgomery
were recent arrivals from Myrtle
Point and little is known Of their an
tecedents. It is reported that they
were possessed Of considerable money.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
INCREASE I'M COST
OF THE GOVERNMENT
ESTIMATES OF APPROPRIATIONS
REQUIRED FOR 1909.

Washington, Dec. 2.-The secretary
Of the treasury today sent to congress
the estimates OF appropriations re-
quired for the fiscal year ending June
80, 1909. The figures show an In
crease OF $77,7s9,s19 over the esti-
mates for 1908, and an increase Of
$56.220,646 over the appropriations
for 1908, this last item, however, In
Guiding deficiencies and permanent
annual appropriations.
The summary follows, the first
sum being the estimate for 1909 and
the second one the appropriation fer
1908:
Commerce and labor. $16,214,78s;
$14,939, ,653.
Legislative, $12,se2,s47; $1s,09o,oo7.
Executive, $423,71o; 100000
State department. $4.417,6s1; So
s47,s5o.
Treasury department, s174.77s, ,1oe;
SLIT, ,7s4,5O2.
War department, s21s.111,52e; $780,
1O6.207.
Navy department. s12s.s26.2eo;
$102,8S6,O51.
Interior department, s1ss,e11.76s;
$1Ss,3S9,7s6.
Postof1ce department, s2,5s7.sso
s2,781,s2
Department of agriculture, s14.35s,-
351; $14,939,e53.
Department OF justice. s9,ss4,5so;
$751;, 100.
Grand totals. s7s6.5os.27s; s71o.2s7,-
62e.
The estimates submitted by the
isthmian canal commission for the
fiscal year 1909 aggregate sS3,1s3.1S
Appropriations for the current fiscal
year amounted to $27, ,161, 1867.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
THIRTEEN BODIES RECOVERED.

Pittsburg, Dec. 2.-Up to midnight
thirteen bodies had been recovered
from the Naomi mine Of the United
Coal company, near Fayette City. Two
OF these had been previously idents-
bed. but II Of the bodies, horribly
charred by the fire following the ex-
plosion, were left at the bottom OF the
shaft, SO that efforts to reach other
victims might not be delayed through
removing the dead to the surface.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
NEBRASKA FINE BOAT.

Washington, Dec. 2.-The battle
ship Nebraska, which has Just I'm
tshed her final acceptance trial on
Puget sound, made 1913 knots under
forced draft for four nours. The Ne
braska's contract speed called for 1S'
knots.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
LIFE IMPRISONMENT FOR HAu.

Karlsruhe. German. Dec. 2.-The
death sentence passed upon Karl Hau,
formerly professor in George Wash
ington university, Washington. for the
killing Of his mother-in-law, November
5, 1906. has been commuted to li1e i'm
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
REFUSE TO STAND GUT.

San Francisco, Dec. 2.-Refusing to
stand for reduction OF 25 cents in
their daily wage, 1900 laborers en-.
gagged in laying conduits for the Home
Telephone company In this city went
out ON strike this morning. AS re.
suit OF this strike work on the tele.
phone conduits north and south Of
Market streets was brought TO stand
atsll.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
this was supposed to be a

considered, this was supposed to be a
fact.
The court suggested the considera-
ton OF the possibility of actual shoot
ing. II she was not trying to use the
pistol to do any harm sto Brown or
herself and the pistol discharged &C.
cidentally. she would not be guilty. II
she was making unlawful use OF the
weapon and the pistol discharged as
a consequence and death resulted
therefrom. it would be manslaughter.
Must Prove All Matters.
Judge Stafford pointed out that all
the matters essential to the commits
sion Of the crime must be proved be-
yond o shadow Of doubt, reasonable
doubt mean moral certainty: It
meant feeling "sure that you are
making no mistake"
The law, continued the court, re-
quires man to master his passions
and punishes him if he does not. The
emotional insanity theory is entirely
rejected In this district, said he. "If
there is a reasonable doubt OF the de-
fendant's responsibility the defendant
should be acquitted.
"It may be different" added the
court, ITO be uninfuenced by personal
wishes to sympathize. It is severe
test OF your ability to be carried
away by your feelings"
The court spoke Of former Senator
Browns moral delinquencies, which
he discussed with some sharpness,
and added:
.In passing moral judgment no man
can weigh in equal balance the man
and the woman. 1t Is impossible for
the manly man to withhold condem-
nation when a man abandons wo-
man after seducing her.
1In this case as all Others" he said,
1--WE have only the course of duty to
follow"
Probability Of Insanity.
Though referring to the pardoning
power of the president and the dis
creticn vested in the executive, he
pointed out that mercy was no part
Of the jury's province.
The whole value OF the famous 49,
900 word hypothetical question, he
pointed out, depended on it's not in
Guiding anything which the jury does
not believe to be true.
1T is true" the court said, "no sane
person has the right to kill another,
no matter how wild the passion or the
impulse under which he or she is la
boring. II it is found by reasonable
doubt that up to the tragedy the de-
fendant was sane, then there is a /
strong presumption that she was sane
at the time Of the crime. All the evil
dence Of mistreatment by Brown was
admitted solely as bearing on the
sanity or insanity Of the accused"
The case was given to the jury at
4:17 p. m. and the jury Immediately
retired. Mrs. Bradley, under guard Of
a deputy marshal, went to her cell
under the court room. There she
spent the hours with her Oldest boy.
She was in an extremely nervous con-
dition.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
STANDARD HEARING TO-DAY.

New York, Dec. 2.-The hearing Of
the dissolution suit against the Stand
ard Oil company was today postponed
until tomorrow because the oil com
pany had not furnished the prepara-
tion Of several statistical statements.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
MURDER SUSPECTED.

Redding, CAL, Dec. 2-The body Of
a man which was found in the brush
near Sims lake has been identified as
that Of Frank Griffin a former resi-
dent Of McCloud. The Indications
point to murder.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
PAINT SHOP BURNS.

Buffalo, Dec. 2.-The Pullman com.
pany's big paint shop here burned to
the ground in less than an hour to-
night. Twenty-one Pullman cars were
destroyed with a loss Of 100000.
About $50 men are thrown out OF EN-.
ployment.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
ROOSEVELT OPPOSES HAYES ACT
Restricting immigration OF orientalo
70 America-Wiil Be Presented.


70 America-Wiil Be Presented.
Washington, Dec. 2. President
Roosevelt is opposed to the bill re-
stricting oriental immigration pre-
pared by Representative Hayes Of
California. The provisions Of the
measure were laid before the presi-
dent today BY Representative Kahn OF
California.
Beyond stating that the president
indicated his opposition, and also
stating that he should nevertheless
introduce the bill and press it to the
best Of his ability, Mr.. Hayes declined
to discuss the question. He said,
however, that the bill was In accord
ance with the sentiments in Califor-
mia, which had become universally
opposed to Japanese immigration.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1907-12-03
SUCCESSFUL sARplNE PACK.

Lubec. Me-, Dec. 2.-Aeoording to
local packers the sardine season just
closed has been the most successful
for 10 years. The seasons pack is
estimated at 1850 casea.