The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-15

| gratifled to be spectators of the won der, the hurry and the magnfhcence oa i the scene"
 He went to Crotona where he found ed school afterwards denominated "the Italian" His knowledge and skill | in music, medicine, mathematics and natural philosophy drew around him great number of pupils, friends and admirers, even amid the voluptuous- mess that prevailed among the inhab- itants of that place, whose manners i his lessons of morality and wisdom quickly reformed. His venerable as- pest, harmonious voice, persuasive elo- quence and extensive knowledge, con- bined with the reputation acquired by his travels and the prizes he had ob- tained at the Olympic games, secured the esteem and admiration of all, es- peeially of his pupils, among whom his authority was such that in any dispute among themselves, the weight of any assertion depended upon whether "the master said so, an expression which became proverbial in 'jurare in verba magistri"
 Pythagoras considered numbers as the principle of everything and per ceived in them the regularity, corre- spondence, beauty and harmony given to the universe by its Creator The importance, he attributed to numbers formed the ground of his inquiry re- specting musical proportion and led him to the discovery of the numbers expressive of the relations of the sounds produced by the placksmith's hamers, a discovery to which music owed the honorable appelation of sci- ence. Perceiving that sound considered in respect to the vibrations from which it resulted, was reducible to apprecia- ble quantities. He made it the sub jeet of arithmetical calculation and by the aid of numerical characters, rem dered the ratios of those quantities visible.
 This discovery did not only give birth to various inaudible species ot music under the denomination of Di- vine, Mundane and Elementary but led to the considering of musical ratios as the types of order and proportion In all things. Harmony was pronounced to include in itself the essence of virtue, friendship, good government, celestial motion, the human soul and God Him. self. Accordingly, Aristides Quintili- anus assures us that music compre- hends arithmetic, geometry, physics and metaphysics and teaches every principle appertaining to the nature of the soul and the construction of the universe and, in confirmation of this doctrine, quotes from a writer of the name of Panacmus a divine saying loomprehending a most curious account of the end and business of music and informing us that It's province is not only to arrange congruous sounds but to unite and harmonize everything in nature, Nothing is more certain than that Pythagoras regarded music as something celestial and divine and
 that he considered 1t as conducive tc Ihealth and the composure of the mind
 For these salutary effects vocal music
 was preferred to instrumental and
 that of the Tyre to the melody of the AihNNs itC AIetoOl blNCll lOl LIlGS6 pre-
 ferences is, that the music of the Tyre
 was more decent and sedate than that
 of the flute and that the Tyre allowed
 the performer to ad to the quantity oi
 it's sounds, the sense and sweetness oi
 verse, the Influence of poetry and the
 beauty of articulation From the
 Egyptians he borrowed the custom ant . luDtfhyt,o1xr o1p oa |. 1t
 pills lulled to sleep every night ant
 walked every morning, by the soothing
 apeal of sweet sounds.
 According to most chronologers, Py
 thagoras died 497 years before Chris
 at the age of seventy-one.
 The Greeks in their education, be-
 sides the study of poets and philoso
 phers to form the mind and gymnas
 tic exercises to develop suppleness am
 strength, included music which habit
 uates the mind to harmony, and danc ing which bestows grace. Music wa, indispensable at festivals, sacrificei and funerals and played a part in tn, performance of religious rites. Plat, ? thought and Aristotle called, music tn /, greatest charm of life.
 , The compensations of musicians O . theatrical performers were very high Amoebeus, singer of ancient Athens received every time he sang in pub . lie an Attic talent and talent of sll yer was about $1,O26. That the player on the flute demanded a high pric for their service is well known. Flo the service of three players on tn : flute, three tragedians and three maid ems at a celebration or festival fit, Corinthian minae was designated as compensation, which would be abou $S75 besides their expensive mainten = ance. The compensation of distin guished theatrical performer was n less. For example, Polus or Aristotan T us Is said to have earned talent i two days or even in one day or for per forming in single drama. All thes 2 artists received, in addition, prizes ( I victory Common itinerant performers Q 1uglers, conjurers and fortune teller enjoyed a competency. It was the dut e of the tribes of Athens to provide fo - number of instructors in music fo g athletic exercises. Each tribe had il n own teachers whose lessons the yout . of that tribe attended.
 MORRIS STEINERT. r Annual HaDuuet at suyIn Rock Ia,