The new enterprise. (Madison, Fla.) 1901-1908, 1907-10-31

produce decidedly better yiel5s Of the
short staple than the soils having the
yellow subsoils In the Sea Island
district, in the vicinity of Charleston,
the soil on which the best quality is
produced is a fine sand, light brown
or yellowish in color, to a depth OF
about twelve inches The surface soil
is usually loose and incoherent, but
becomes somewhat loamy upon culti-
walton. The subsoil to more than
thirty-six inches is d pale yellow to
bright orange or sometimes gray,
fine sand, also loose and incoherent.
The average yield of lint in this sec
ton is only about 800 pounds to the
acre. Large applications OF CONNER
cisl fertilizers are used annually,
sometimes as much as 1900 pounds
to the acre. In one section OF South
eastern Georgia, where considerable
quantities OF this variety Of cotton
are grown, the best soil for its pro-
duction is a soil having surface Of
fine gray or yellow sand or light gray
TO yellow fine sandy foam to a depth
OF about twenty-four inches, with a
subsoil OF sticky, yellow sandy loan
or sandy clay,
The Sea Island cotton plant is a
more vigorous grower than the Up
land. or short staple variety, and has
tendency to fruit scantily. Long
cultivation and selection OF seed have
overcome this tendency, though 1t is
much less prolific than the short
staple. and has made the plant an an
nual instead Of a perennial It some
times grows to height Of eight feet.
The leaves are more deeply lobed
than the short staple, and the bolls
have only three segments, instead of
four or ave, and are sharp pointed,
making It more dificult to pick. The
flowers are always yellow in color.
The lint, or staple, is longer, finer
and stronger than that of the Upland
variety. While the lint Of the Up
land is only from one-half to three
fourths of an inch in length, that OF
the Sea Island is from one and one
half to two and one-half inches. The
upland cotton is always almost pure
white in color. and the Sea Island a
creamy yellow. On account OF the
greater length and finer quality of
the lint the long staple sells for about
double the price of the short staple.
It is used IN the manufacture Of
thread, fine hosiery and the finer
quality Of dress goods. The produc-
ton of the long staple rarely exceeds
the demand and consumption, and on
account of its being used for fabrics
in which the short staple cannot be
substituted, its price is not affected
by the huctuation in yield and prices
Of the latter.
Through the efforts of the United
States Department OF Agriculture
there has been developed a variety
known as the upland long staple. |
This variety Of long staple cotton is
hybrid, or cross between the ordi-
nary upland and Sea Island varieties.
The lint of this new variety is me-
dunn in length, being about half way
between that of the two parent vatie-
ties. II can be used in making some
OF the finer fabrics, but In no way
supplants the regular long staple va
riety
The lint of the cotton plant is not /
the only valuable part Of the product,
although It is the most important and ]
the primary part for which the plant
is grown. The other valuable parts
are really by-products, and the in
come derived from them is premium
for saving and marketing them. The
cottonseed and products manufac-
tured from IL form not a small item
in the income from the cotton planta-
tons OF the South. In the first place.
It has considerable value for use as
seed, especially IL the planter has an
eceptionally good strain and uses
care in selecting his seed to maintain
a good length OF staple and good
yielding qualities However, much
more seed is produced than could
possibly be used for planting, and
most of the surplus Sc sold to the
cottonseed oil mills In these mills
the seed is hulled and the meats or
kernels are crushed and pressed, thus
extracting the oil of the seed. This
cottonseed oil is used in the manu-
facture OF soap and other articles.
and when refined and purified comes
into yonr home TO take the place of
other oils and Of lard secured from
the Fat Of swine The residuum after
the oil Is extracted is ground into (
meal and used for stock food. Cot
tonseed meal is also used as fer
tilizer- Very often ton or more OF
II is used an acre on the tobacco fields
In the Connecticut Valley It supplies
the nitrogen nocneearv II, ,,,-,d ,,ot..