The Yale expositor., 1907-12-06

over-Working or women as the rail-
ure to protect employees from loss OF
| life or limb can be effectively reached
any more than the evils OF rebates and
stock watering can be reached without
| good laws. To fail to stop these prac-
tees by legislation means TO force
honest men into them. because other
wise the dishonest who surely will
take advantage of them will have
| everything their own way. II the states
will correct these evils. well and good;
| but the nation must stand ready to aid
| them.
Inland waterway Systems
should He Developed.
THE conservation OF our national re-
sources and their proper use constitute
the fundamental problem which under
| lies almost every other problem OF our
| national life. We must maintain for
| our civilization the adequate material
| basis without which that civilization
| cannot exist. We must show foresight.
we must look ahead. AS nation we
| not only enjoy a wonderful measure OF
present prosperity but IL this prosper
| ity is used Alright II is an earnest OF
| future success such as no other nation
! will have. The reward of foresight foi
| this nation is great and easily foretold.
| But there must be the look ahead.
| there must be a realization OF the fact
| that to waste, TO destroy. our natural
| resources, TO SKIN ana exhaust lHe ldiu
| instead OF using IL so as to increase its
usefulness. will result in undermining
| in the days OF our children the very
| prosperity which we ought by right to
| hand down TO them amplified and devel-
| oped. For the last few years, through
| several agencies, the government has
| been endeav oring to get our people TO
| look ahead and to substitute planned
and orderly development of our re-
sources in place of a haphazard striv-
ing for Immediate profit Our great
river systems should be developed as
national water highways; the Missis-
| sippi with its tributaries. standing first
in Importance. and the Columbia sec
ond. although there are many others OF
| Importance on the Pacific and Atlantic
| and the gulf slopes. The national gov
eminent should undertake this work,
and l hope a beginning will be made
| in the present congress- and the great
| est OF all our rivers. the Mississippi.
should receive especial attention. From
the Great Lakes to the mouth OF the
| Mississippi there should be deep wa
terway. with deep waterways leading
from il to the east and the west. Such
| a waterway would practically mean
the extension OF our coast line into the
very heart OF our country. 1t would be
OF incalculable benefit TO our people. If
begun at once II can be carried through
in time appreciably to relieve the con-
gestion of our great freight-carrying
lines Of railroads. The work should be
systematically and continuously carried
forward in accordance with some we'll
conceived plan. The main streams
should be improved to the highest
point OF efficiency before the improve
ment OF the branches Is attempted; and
the work should be kept free from
every faint OF recklessness or jobbery."
Attention is called TO the work OF ir-
rigation and reclamation OF govern
ment lands. In the same connection he
asks for a revision OF the public land
laws along the lines proposed by the
public lands commission. Believes the
government should increase its efforts
to conserve our forests and should in
crease by purchase the existing forest
preserves. On the subject OF the natural
resources OF the nation he says:
I'm the eastern United States the
mineral fuels have already passed into
the hands OF large private owners, and
| those OF the west are rapidly following
II is obvious that these fuels should be
| conserved and not wasted. and II would
be well to protect the people against
unjust and extortionate prices. so far
as that can still be done. What has
been accomplished in the great oil
fields of the Indian Territory by the
action OF the administration offers a
striking example OF the good results
OF such a policy. In my judgment the
government should have the right to
keep the fee of the COAL oil and gas
fields I'm its own possession and to lease
the rights to develop them under
proper regulations; or else, II the con-
gress will not adopt this method the
coal deposits should be sold under linn
itations, to conserve them as public
utilities. the right to mine coal being
separated from the title to the soil.
The regulations should permit coal
| L.,
tity by the several corporations. The
present limitations have been absurd.
excessive. and serve no useful purpose.
and often render IL necessary that
there should be either fraud or else
abandonment Of the work OF getting
out the coal"
Progress OF the Work
On the Panama Canal.
Work on the Panama canal is pro-
ceeding in a highly satisfactory man.
ner. In March the total excavation in
the Culebra Cut, where effort was
chiefly concentrated, was S15.270 cubic
yards. In April this was increased to
S79,527 cubic yards There was a con-
siderable decrease in the output for
May and June owing partly to the adj
vent of the rainy season and partly to
temporary trouble with the steam
shovel men over the question OF wages.
This trouble was settled satisfactorily
to all parties and in July the total ex-
cavation advanced materially and in
August the grand total from all points
in the canal prism by steam shovels
and dredges exceeded all previous
United States records. reaching 1874
404 cubic yards. In September this rec
ord was eclipsed and a total OF 1871
412 cubic yards was removed. or this
amount 1.4S1.307 cubic yards were from
the canal prism and 361O5 cubic yards
were from accessory works. These re-
suits were achieved in the rainy sea-
son with rainfall in August OF 11.S9
inches and in September of .65 inches.
Finally. in October. the record was
again eclpsed. the total excavation be-
ing 1,S6S.729 cubic yards; a truly ex-
traordinary record. especially in view
OF the heavy rainfall. which was III
inches. In fact. experience during the
last two rainy seasons demonstrates
that the rains a less serious OBJ
stacle to progress than has hitherto
been supposed.
Work on the locks and dams at
Gatun. which began actively in March