davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24

structed Of bricks imported from Eng
land, was erected in 1746- Wllllan
Penn granted the land to the Welsh
Baptists in 1901, the agreement re-
citing that they were to have thirty
thousand acres, If there be SO much
vacant in the place hereafter express
ed; thai is to say. behind the town of
New Castle westward, extending
northward and southwark; beginning
to the westward, seven miles from tie
said town of New Castle, and extend
ing upward and downward, as there
shall be found room. by regular,
straight lines, as near as may be-
The purchasers were to pay Il pounds
los. for every 100 acres. AMI were u
pay for 1000 acres, etc; if they failed
TO make the payments at the times
specified they We're to pay one Eng
fish pound for every 100 acres az a
yearly rental until such time as the
other payments were made. They
were also to a one English silver
shilling for every hundred acres as
q yearly rert forever.
Among the pioneer Baptists who
came from over the ocean were
Thomas Griffith. Enoch Morgan. Mary
Johns, Margaret Matthias and James
David. They landed from the James
and Mary in Philadelphia in Septem-
Der 1901.
The yellowed records Of Welsh
t CnuTcl COIlldlH Ills OIiSlildi SlllAS-
I'm the yea 1901 some of us who
were members of the churches of
Jesus Christ in the counties Of Penn
broke and Carmarthenshire, South
Wales, in Great Britain, processing
believers in baptism, laying on Of
hands, election, and final pe~rserver-
ance in grace. were moved and en-
c~ouraged to come to these parts, viz,
Pennsylvania, and after obtaining
leave of the church, it seemed good
to the Lori n to US that we should
be formed into church order, as we
were a sufficient number. and as one
of us, Thomas Griffith, was a minis
ter."etc.
The early ministers were Elders
Thomas Griffith. Elisha Thomas.
Enoch Morgan. Owen. Thomas, David
Davis. John Sutton, Thomas Barton.
The latter ministered to the congre-
cation for forty years. Elder Thomas,
the fourth minister, is said to have
had forty-six grandchildren. He
seems to have had an oil that worked
wonders upon the sick, judging by the
following note among his papers:
81 have been called upon three
times to anoint the sick with oil for
The effect was surprising
in every case. but in none more So
than in the case of our brother.
Rynallt Horel. He was SO sore with
the bruises he received by the falling
on him OF a caSk from tHe & tnal
he could not bear to be turned in
bed. The next day he went to meet
ing
Out in the old burying-ground CT
the church lie the forefathers of the
congregation. The tombstones are
messy and the lettering on many IS
undecipherable. Many of the stones
are decorated with cross-bones and
skulls. wings, heads, flowers and
flourishes.
During the skirmisf,es in Delaware
in September 177T, between the Amer
leans and the British the old Baptist
church was in the line of firing and
was hit several times. The squatty
stone house across the road from the
church was in Revolutionary times
occupied by Seth James, and tradition
says hat Washington passed a night
therein, sleeping IN front Of the
stoned fireway.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24

claimed it would safeguard the pas
sengers in two Ways-it would pro-
tcet them from the blowing UP of
the locomotive and would form a soft
cushion upon which the passengers
could land in the even Of q collision.
There is no record of how this ex-
pertinent worked out.
Horatio Allen states that When the
South Carolina Railroad was complet-
ed, with its 100 miles Of track. oper-
alton over such an extensive line was
them unprecedented. In making ar
engagements for this unusual under
taking one of the first things that oc-
Cured to him was that the lOcomo-
tives would have to run at night as
well as day, and in the absence of a
headlight he built on an open plat
form car, stationed in front of the To-
connective, a fire of pine knots, sur
rounded with sand, which furnished
the requisite illumination Of the route
traversed.
ON most of the other lines no sub
stltutes for headlights We're used. The
trains travelled slowly through the
dark. Night trips. however. were
avoided as much as possible. The first
headlight on a locomotive was used
by the Boston and Worcester. in 1870.
The original American locomotives
were nearly all ood burners. and
during a p~rotracted period. before
the invention of spark arresters. the
flying sparks caused a great amount
of damage and Inter
woven with his difficulty was a ne
cessity for using smokestacks many
times larger than those now in use
too high indeed to pass under
overhead bridges or the roofs of COW
cred wooden bridges.
To overcome this difficulty the
smokestacks Of many Of the locomo-
tives were jointed or hinged so that
they could be lowered when trains
were proceeding over or under
bridges. This naturally greatly in
creased the danger of setting fire to
the wooden bridges. and it was Gus
tomary for a Waterman to follow
every train over or under the bridges
carrying a bucket of water for the
purpose of extinguishing fires. Not
w~ithstanding this ~precaution the
burning of bridges was a common oc-
c~urrence.
On most Of the early railroads the
cars were at first entirely uncovered,
being in fact merely platform cars
with a row of seats along each side.
The passengers were entirely unpro-
tected from the sun, rain, smoke or
cinders. A passenger who tool a
trip over the Mohawk Valley Railroad
when this had opened its
line between Albany and Schenectady
thus describes his experience: Z
"They used dry pitch pine for fuel
and there being no smoke or spark
catcher to the chimney or smoke
stack the volume of black smoke
strongly impregnated with sparks
coal and cinders, came pouring back
the whole length of the train. Each
Of the passengers who had an UNI
brella raised it as a p-otection agalns1
the smoke and fire.
IT. 5000 - no hr,S n r,on
mentary protection. for I think in the
first mile the last one went overheard
all having had their covers burnt Of
by the flames, when a general melee
took place among the passengers. eacf
whipping his neighbor to put out the
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24

fire. They presented a very motley
appearance on arrival at the first sta
ton.
Telegraphic service available for
railway service was not established
until about 1850. In the absence of
the telegraph and the lack of any es-
tabiiShed system of signalling the
early railroads adopted novel meth
DDS for conveying information.
The New Castle and Frenchtown
Railroad had a primitive telegraph
in operation as early as 1881. A de-
scription of it says that the poles
were of cedar, quite like those now
in use, and had cleats fastened on
them, forming a sort of Jacobs lad
der"
The operator would go to the top
of the pole forming his station and
with his ~spy-glass sight the next sta
ton in the direction of the approach
ing train. If the train was coming
and the signal showed Il flag, it meant
that all was we'll. and the operator
would pass the signal along to the
next station baiow.
If a ball was shown. and no train
in sight. it signiffed an accident or q
delay of the connecting steamboat.
These signals were ~methodically ex-
hanged until an understanding was
had all along the road.
The facilities furnished by the rail
roads were at first much more fully
appreciated by travellers than by the
shiDpers of freight. The speed of the
| trains. at times to as much
/ as twenty-five or thirty miles an hour,
was n source Of undated wonder TO
the who had hitherto
| travelled on the slowly moving canal
boats and stage coaches.
Tn the matter of freight traffic the
railroads were at first unable to COM
note with the canals. OF a prominent
Massachusetts, railroad 1t is said that
2 motion was made at an annua! meet
ing to let the privilege of carrying
freight on it's lines to some response
BILE person for $500 a year.
There are many accounts or the
pitiful state of impecuniosity to which
some Of the railroads were reduced,
Cash being exhausted. and receivers
certificates having not been invented
when operations proved unpro1table
there was no basis for credit.
Men were sometimes put on the ten
der with q saWhorse and saw, and
when the engine ran out of WOOD
these men would lake up their saw
and cut up a new supply of fuel from
the nearest woods. Often the passen-
gers would get off the train and hell
in the cutting OF the wood.
The railroads were often too poor
to pay for the fuel thus secured, and
there are many stories in the ole
of encounters between
train crews and the farmers who
caught them cutting down their
trees. The complaints of the high
handed methods of the grasping rail
road corporations. their defiance OF
the law Of the land and the rights OF
others, sound strangely familiar to-
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24
NEW YORK SUN.

Some idea of the gigantic work
which has actually been accomplished
by the railroads of this country may
be gained from an article entitled
Primitive Railroading," published in
the Van Norden Magazine.
In 1922, says the writer, the trst
charter was obtained for a railroad in
the United States. 1t was for a line
from Philadelphia to a point on the
Susquehanna River, but was
built. On the announcement of the
project some one asked one of the
Baltimore newspapers, What is a
railroad, anyhow ,"
The editor was forced to reply that
he did not know, but that perhaps
some other correspondent can tell"
Seven years later on the little
wooden track along the LackawaXen
Creek the first locomotive had its
trial. The experiment was far from
successful, and for a humble of years
afterward the trains on most of the
railroads continued to be drawn by
horses.
The first locomotive on the Balti-
more and Ohio had sails attached!
SO did the cars. THESE sails were
hofsted when the wind was in the
right direction so as to help the loco
motive.
The rivalry between the railroads
using locomotives and those using
horses was very bitter In August
1890. an actual trial of speed was held
between a horse and one of the plo-
neer locomotives, which did not re
suit in favor of the locomotive. The
race was on the r. and O., the loco
motive being one built by Peter Coop
er. who also acted as engineer.
The horse. a gallant gray, was IN
the habit of pulling a car on a track
parallel to that used by the locomo-
tive. At first the gray had the better
Of the race. but when he was a quar-
ter Of a mile ahead Mr.. Cooper sue
ceeded in getting up enough steam
to pass the horse amid terrific ap'
lIause.
At that moment a band slipped
from a pulley and though Mr.. Coop
er Iacerated his hands trying to re-
place it, the engine stopped, the horse
passed it and came in the winner
As there were no brakes on the
carly trains, they used to stop and &c
start with jolts which threw the pas
seugers across the CO" the coupling
was with chains ha>S two or three
feet Of slack which the engine IN
starting took up with a series of fierce
Jerks. The shock on stopping was
even worse and never failed to send
The passengers flying
There were no whistles in the ole
days. Signals were given by pushing
up the valve on the dome by hand
and letting the steam escape with g
--I Missing noise. On the New Cas-
IL and Frenchtown railroad when
the signal was heard the slave
around the station would rush to the
arriving train. seize hold Of it anC
f3ll back with all their might Will
ne agent stuck q piece of WOOD
through q wheel.
There were so many collisions and
explosions that some Southern rail
roads introduced what they called {
''rfler car between the locomotive
~ the passenger coaches Of tn
I'm The barrier car consisted Of
,,DIofm on wheels upon which were
V4@d' six bales of cotton, and it wa.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24
WELSH TRACT CHURCH.
Third of the Primitive Baptist Faith
Established in America.

The history of one Of the oldest
Of the churches of the Primitive
Raptists in America IS a matter of
deep interest 10 the peoDle of tina
faith. This is the Welsh Tract
Church. Of Delaware, whose nastor is
Elder j. G.. Eubanks. of Georgia. The
history of this church came into the
possession of Elder w. A. Simpkins.
of Wake. pastor of the Primitive
Paptist Church, of Raleigh and is as
follows:
This congregation Of Primitive Bap-
fists is said to be the third of the
faith founded in this country.
The present Westinghouse, con
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24
NOTICE!
Auction sale of Business ana lte~4-
dental Lots at Linden, y. e., DC
tober 1, 1907.

On ccoun Of the above occasion
Raleigh and Southport Railway
will sell round-trip tickets for one
way fare. from any station on its line,
to return on date Of sale.
barbecue will be served free TO pros
pective buyers, and the lots are going.
regardless of price.
Linden is situated IS miles from
Fayetteville, has telegraph ana express
and mai service, excellent school priv
ileges.
These lots are adjacent to the rail
road in a rich farming country. fine
water-power adjacent, refined neigh
borhood, in fact an ideal country to
live in.
Go and spend a profitable as well
as pleasant day.
President and Gen'l Mgr.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24

eincere4t pleasure TO bear my testi-
monv TO the beauty ard natural FER
tility and salubrity Of that lovely re-
eion Of country and to the hospitality
Of its old inhabitants
Western North Carolina is the
Switzerland Of the United States, east
Of the Mississippi. I have passed
through four of its gaps, ana nave
twice been UP or down the valley Or
the French Broad. ! hope IL may ere
long be filled with as dense, as indus
tri0us and as tree n happy a popu-
Iation as that of European Switzer-
land. l remain. sir,
Yours sincerely,
GEO. BANCROFT.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24

effectivs twenty days after service
upon the railways. 1t is as follows:
Immediately on receiving news OF a
wreck or accident on its line in this
State involving loss of life or probable
fatal injuries to any passenger or eln-
Move. the railroad company shall
cause the Railroad Commission to be
notified by wire. giving location Of the
wreck, and, if possible, the number q
persons Killed or injured"
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24
Accidents To Be Reported.

The state of Washington, through
IFS Railroad Commission. has formu-
lated a rule regarding reports of rail-
way accidents. This rule is in COM
pliance with section % OF the rail-
way commission law, and is to become
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-09-24
Beautiful Home For Sale on
NeWben Avenue

Tcn-roomed. e~xceptionafly well built
brick 1cneered house with modern
couyenicnccs Nearly one acre lot,
with seventeen large oaks. choice
fruit and fine garden. ;. u. Wait.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
IS THE CELEBRATED -
FENDALl
ACTUAL sIzE;!-
Reproduced from photograph.

ACTUAL SIZE;I-
Reproduced from photograph,
A Limited Number of Plants for Sale.
First come, first served.
$500 per dozen, $1,000 per fifty
$4,000 per hundred.
Yields sixteen thousand. eight hundred
quarts per acre..
Ready for delivery from August LIST TO
November lat and Spring of 1903.
other Choice Varieties for Sale. viz
Corsican, Senator Dunlap, Climax, Pine
apple, Orem and Candy. 40 cts. per doz.,
$1.75 per fifty. $500 per hundred, by
freight, express or mail.
The "Fendall'' being a pistilate, the
Corsican. Senator Dunlap or Climax are
excellent mates for it. One row of the
varieties named, then four rows of Fen
dall." and so on. will give an ideal straw W
berry patch. A1rSend at once for de-
scriptive catalogue.
CHARLES e. FENDALL,
July 13-tfl TowsoN, MD.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

~n people may derive much comfort from
the novel germ theory of DIR. NJ Friedrlcb Of
twenty six victims OF cerebro-suinal men,n 0,t,s
shat came under his notice ali wero cbildror
and he believes that the eerms-stirred IN
from the ground by passing pedestrians-seIdo,n
rise above two or three feet. and are tbus in
hailed by children and Others with noses near
the ground
Inc largest insect yet discovered is supposed
70 De . grasshopper of the Karoo desert in south
AAsaca. Its spread Of wings is ten inches.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
LOTTE" and baltimore"

For WEST POINT and RICHMOND, Va.
Steamers leave Baltimore daily Except Sum
day. at P. NJ, and arrive West Point at T.45 A.
M, and Richmond at 900 A. NJ.
Steamers leaving Baltimore on Mondays, We'd
nesdays and Fridays and leaving West Point on
Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, call at
Gloucester Point Clements and Almonds, and
steamers leaving Baltimore on Tuesdays, Thurs
days and Saturdays, and West Point on Mondays.
Wednesdays and Fridays, call at Yorktown and
Clay Bank weather permitting.)
STEAMERS LEAVE BALTIMORE FROM
PIERS Is & 10 LIGHT STREET WHARF.
Through Tickets to all points may be secured,
baggage checked and staterooms reserved from
the City Ticket Offices, l19 E. Baltimore street,
AkTHUh ". hOBSON' Agent, l2I =: baltimore
streets, Baltimore. Md.
REUBEN FOSTER, e. j. CHISM,
General Manager. General Passenger Agent.
T. H. MCDANIEL, Asst. Gen'l Passenger Agt.
Mch. Soft
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

new safeguard for collieries is offered BY
the discovery Of Profs EIster and Geitel that
nrcdamp contains six or seven times as much
radium emanation as the ordinary air or coal
mines An aluminium foil electroscope quickly
shows the difference of electrical conductivitv
Que 20 the emanation, and this simple apparatus
becomes an effective and important means Of
detecting danger -
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
A EeSeaFch % det(gfmine accurately tbe ef-
OF sunlishto On rerms. DR.. r. W;esner a
ssEman faassriologist, has made some inpor-

curious nishap has given us a very delicate
ct for hydrochloric acid in the atmosphere.
north OF England locality many houses
I'VE curtains Of the cream color produced by
{etanil yelIow-popularly known as dolly
1seam dye. and to science as ..the sodium salt
Of observation-disclosures sulphonic acid-azo-di-
phenyl-amine." Some Of these cream-colored
curtains suddenly changed to helIotrope. In
vestigation showed that an accidental escape of
hydrochloric acid from q neighboring aIkali
plant had discclored the curtains, and the dye
became most useful test.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

Numerous outbreaks of typhod fever IN the
last ive years have been traced h . carta,n New
York cook. healthy woman who 4 mot know n
70 have had the disease but whose excreta are
+ highly charged with typhoid baoIllI.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
OHEsAPEAKE STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
mcHEsAPEAKELIME.,

ELEGANT PASSENGER STEAMERS "Co-
LUMBIAr AND AUGUSTA"
For OLD POINT COMFORT and NORFOLK, Va.
Steamers leave Baltimore daily Except Sun
day. at $50 P. NJ, and arrive Old Point Comfort
at 6 A. M. and Norfolk at IT'S A. NJ. where con-
nection Is made with the Rail Lines for all points
South and Southwest.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

Activity and Size OF Heart--Waste in
LIghting--A Typhoid Incubator-Sun-
light Dieinfection-C Curtains and Chem
ietry-Radium IN Coal Mining-The Iron
6upply-pisease Near the Ground.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1907-03-27
Luck and Reautations.

Nobody gifted with a sense Of hu-
NOR can fell to be diverted by the
Puck-like manner in which luck makes
and unmakes regulations for business
ability says Will Payne in Every
body's. Years ago a gentleman named
Jennings was an extensive owner OF
downtown real estate in Chicago. He
was the first, I believe, to develop on q
large scale the modern system Of the
ninety-nine year lease, whereby the
owner insures to himself and his heirs
for a century an absolutely fixed rent
al, free and clear Of al charges. After
Mr.. Jennings had leased lot Of his
lands for ninety-nine years a depres-
sion came on. Other peoples incomes
were curtailed, but his was stable.
What foresight said the town. What
sagacityr What superb business judg-
ment,v Mr.. Jennings views on the
business situation and outlook were
eagerly sought. The depression passed.
Realty prices advanced immensely.
The Jennings lots could have been
leased at twice the rental named in
the old indenture. The town shook its
head sympathetically over poor Mr..
Jennings deplorable shortsightedness." :"
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1907-03-27
/ one of Beauty.

We will try to make some small piece
Of ground beautiful. peaceful and fruit
full. We will have flowers and veg
etables in our garden, plenty of corn
and grass in our fields. We will have
some music and poetry. The children
shall learn to dance and sing it. Per-
haps some Of the old people, in time,
may also. We will have some art, and
little by little some higher art and
imagination may manifest themselves
among us-Day, even perhaps an IN
calculating and uncovetous wisdom, as
Of rude Magi, presenting cups of gold
and frankincense, for this love Of
beauty is an essential part Of all
healthy human nature, and, though it
can long coexist with states of life IN
many other respects unvirtuous, it is
itself wholly good, the direct adversary
of envy, avarice. mean worldly care
and cruelty. The men in whom it has
been most strong have always been
compassionate and lovers Of justice
and the earliest declarers and discov-
erers of things conducive to the hap
piness of mankind.-John Ruskin.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1907-03-27
An Eye With Legs.

Depend upon it, children said the
benignant old gentleman who was ad-
dressing the Sunday school, I'VE were
fashioned by wiser power than our
selves. There was no mistake made in
putting US together. If our hands We're
placed where our feet are and our feet
where our hands are, how could we get
along? 1t would be exceedingly awk-
ward, children, exceedingly awkward.
I stretch my hand cut this way; I
move my fingers like this. Now, what
is this an evidence Of, children?'
There was DO reply, and after wait
ing a moment the speaker answered
the question himself
sIt is an evidence Of design. Don't
forget that, children" he continued
inpressively. at is e.n evidence Of de-
sign. Suppose, for instance, my eye,
instead Of having lids and lashesS had
legs. Suppose my eye had legs. How
could T use them?"
s'you could use them in running your
eye over the congregation, couldn't
you" rep;;ed q deeply interested little
boy near the door