davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
EXTENT OF The ROOT :
OF THE CORN PLANT
Appreciation Of Its Size Would
Cu1tivation-By d. Wing.

II we knew as much about the root
of the corn plant as we know about
It's aerial part and the ear we should
secure larger yields per acre, for this
knowledge inevitably would do away
with: deep. cultivation, which is funda~'
mentally wrong.
At last L. have. been able to secure
photograph which shows to my: sat-.
isfaction the root, development of
corn plant six weeks old. OF course
some of the roots were broken of in
getting this plant out of the ground,
but it will be seen that it still is
pretty generously supplied. In length
the principal roots of this plant range
from two to five feet In order to
appreciate what mass of corn roots
is in a field when the plants are six
week old or older just imagine three
plants to a hill and the hills the usual
distance apart. A good healthy plant
should have about as much root
growth as the photograph shows. This
plant three weeks later would show
much more elaborate root system.
Plants feed through their roots, TAX
ing in food and water, through the root
hairs that branch of from the larger
roots. Roots being the feeders of the
plants, great care should be taken not
to lnJure them. But this is not done
by the generality of corn growers.
They practice deep culture, and lay
the crop by by blowing deep and r1dg-
Ing the rows. Many soils naturally
are shallow, so that in order to Sc
cure plant food roots must confine
themselves near the surface, especial
ly when the moisture supply is ade-
quate to their needs. Now it is evil
dent that deep culture of corn after
it is five weeks old or older is sure
to prune the roots. Every grower has
mad proof OF this when he lifted his
gangs out at the end of the row and
noticed clusters of fine roots wrapped
round the shanks right over the shov-
els. These are corn roots that have
been torn out. The more of them
you break off the more difficult it is
for the plants to gather feed; Won
handicap. them just that much. and
cause them to use their energies in
overcoming the injury. Every root is
busy conveying food and water to the
plant. Cut it off and the plant suf-
fers. You may not notice the injury
but it's effects will be reflected in the
yield, even though you may secure
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

Philadelphus, also known as syringa
and mock orange" has flowers which
some think resemble orange blossoms.
The foliage comes out rather late, but
it is an extremely valuable shrub to
have in ollection-especially where
one has considerable room. 1t is as
hardy as the northern oak, and does
Well in the shade. The best varieties
are grandiflora which has large white
flowers; flora pleno, with double flow.
ers and pekinensis, with fragrant
white flowers.
Parbary is a pretty shrub for
groups. It's red varieties are very
ornamental in autumn and winter The
purple leaved variety makes a fine
contrast with the green. Canadensis
is the species native to America. Par
bany Luicifolia has leaves like the
holly and Barbery purpurea has foil
age of purple.
Hydrangeas have flowers in. great
clusters eight to ten inches long,
white when they first come out, grad
ually turning to a rich light purple
When cut, they dry, retaining their
color we'll and make fine ornaments
for the house in winter
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
The Seasons Sashes.

Several novel kinds of sashes have
appeared this spring upon gowns de.
signed for younger women. One Of
these ribbon garnitures, made from
opalescent MORE, with a narrow black
edge, had two fine black silk tassels
dangling from the forked points of the
"swal]owtail'' effect into which the
ends were divided. Another sash.
made for charming biscuit colored
costume, was likewise of MORE rib
bon, in this case plain black, tied in
high bow at the back, the hens
being finished with fringe. Still an.
other. was made of delicate chine rib
bon having an exquisitely variegated
fringe harmonizlng with the floral
colors of the sash.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

that weeds get big start, and are
mastered with much difficulty, but
this is not generally the case. Weedy
cornfields are usually to be attributed
to an inferior seed=bed and poor cul-
ture at the outset. There isn't much
excuse for them. We have been able
to keep our corn clean, even in wet
seasons, by doing the right thing at
the right time.
Emerson said the training of chill
dren should begin with their grand.
parents; corn culture should begin
with the preparation of the. seed-bed.
We never follow corn with corn: our
rotation brings corn in after two years
of clover or in some cases after rye
that has been used for fall, winter and
early spring pasture. We plow the
ground about an inch deeper each
year, gradually deepening the work
able SOIL We prefer fall blowing for
the reason. that it gives us a good
start in the spring, when there is
much other work to be done. Another
argument in it's favor is that cut
worms and other pests do not injure
corn so much, as we have found by
repeated tests On spring plowed land,
especially clover and sod ground,
great injury by worm is usually done
the corn planted in it, Our more roll
ing fields that have been seeded to
rye in autumn are plowed in the
spring, as if these fields were broken
in the fall they would wash badly dur
ing the winter and early spring. Fall
plowed land is double disked in the
spring when the soil is in good shape
and then narrowed twice with a
smoothing harrow. When the corn
planter starts the fields are in beauti.
full condition for the reception of the
seed. All clods have been smashed
and the surface is perfectly smooth.
This enables us to plant the corn at
a uniform depth and do good job of
planting.
Should rain occur Immediately
after planting, we either run the har-
row or weeder over the field just
as soon as the soil is sufficiently dry
to work satisfactorily: Any weed
seeds that may. have ~sprouted in the
meantime are promptly killed by this
operation. Moreover, the crust on
the surface is broken and the dust
mulch left to lessen the evaporation
of moisture, which is very important in
weather such as We had last spring.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
VOGUE OF THE PICTURE HAT.
Model Is Sure to Be Worn This Sea
son with Tub Frocks.

AS everything else in the realm of
dress that has succeeded has widened
its influence and scope of usefulness.
SO with the picture hat, which is this
season for the first time worn with
tub frocks, that is, the picture hat
with waving plumes, ospreys, etc., as
We think Of it in the full sense of the
word. And this seasons models are
worn more to the back of the head
than OF yore. 1t is new feature to
be noted in the smartest modes.
The mushroom shape will grow in
popularity as the warmer weather
comes, for while it answers everv
purpose of beauty, one of it's main
objects is also to afford protection
from the sun. A delightful effect in
white chip, with an. edge of black VEL
vet, has bow of the same and looks
very pretty. 1t is trimmed with clus-
tiers OF shaded black and white feath-
ers. completing graceful arch.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
CONNECTIONS for Tea Table
tastiness. Other hostesses have fine,
small, fiat waters of whole wheat GOV.

tastiness. Other hostesses have fine,
small, fiat waters of whole wheat COW
cred with chocolate in their own
kitchens before serving. They are
then above reproach to pass with tea.
The biscuit itself is digestible, the
chocolate tasty and nourishing. Bis
cults covered with cheese, on the
contrary, while highly agreeable to
the taste, are avoided by those hyper
careful about their diet.
Strawberry jam is undoubtedly the
favorite for spreading on English
mullins. Blackberry jam or guava
is chosen to spread on the health
food biscuits, especially those made of
graham or whole wheat. Scotch
scenes are spread only through the
middle with fresh butter. These
scenes are very similar to- old-fash-
Toned soda biscuits and are invariably
served hot. In size they are little
larger than a quarter of dollar. The
number that some people can make
disappear is therefore readily coun-
tenanced.
Wafer toast finds a place at after
noon tea. In making it the bread is
cut, as thin as possible and it is then
toasted until extremely crisp. It is
eaten dry or with jam, but it is never
buttered.
When cake appears at afternoon tea
the fashion RACES for rich pound
cake showing through it many large
raisins. Europeans invariably refer
to it as American plum cake" and
regard it as a speciality of this coun-
try. In entertaining foreigners, there
fore, it is perhaps the most acceptable
cake to offer.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

what you think is a good yield--it
would have been larger if you had not
pruned the roots by deep cultivation.
II you don't believe this all you have
to do is to try deep and superficial
tillage side by side. You will be con-
WINGED. had my doubts about the
matter until showed myself in this
way. The difference on my farm in
favor. of the shallow culture was five
bushels per acre. It has been more
IN tests made by other growers and
by experiment stations In any case
l am sure farmer will find shallow
culture more profitable, and the beau
ty of it is that it does not cost any
more. In fact, it is easier on the
teams. 1t has other advantages, too
Surface tillage leaves the field level
so that it is more easily got over by
wagons, mowers, binders and other
implements that are used the same
or the following year. Deep cultiva-
ton facilitates soil erosion, especially
in rolling districts, such as we have
here. Flowing deep at the last, or
when laying by corn, is severe shock
to the plants, severing thousands of
roots, disturbing others and promoting
the evaporation of moisture. It is
worse than no cultivation at all. Many
a grower has injured his crop to the
extent OF eight or ten bushels per acre
in this way. There is no excuse for
ridging corn any time, especially when
laying 1t by. Some men think the
brace roots should be covered and for
this reason practice throwing dirt to
the corn. This is a mistake; brace
roots do not require such attention.
Let them stick out naked. They are
for emergencies. If the corn plant
should be lodged then these brace
roots will get busy and help it get up
or aid it in overcoming the injury in
f1icted by the wind or other cause, of
the plants downfall. !, -
Most farmers practice deep cultiva-
ton in order to cover up the weeds
that; are not cut out BY the operation.
II they would use the right kind of
!cultivators there :wouldn tn be any
weeds to cover, proyid ed there was =
favorable season torS farm work INIT
appreciate that rains i Is. !: the spring;
often clay cultivation q corn % long:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
END OF TREASURY CUSTOM.
No More Consolidation at Luncheon
Between Secretary and Assistants.

Secretary Cortelyou has broken up
custom that has existed for ten
years in the treasury. 1t is that OF
the head Of the treasury and his as
Eistants lunching together.
The custom was started by Lyman
j. Gage when he came into the treas
ury as secretary March 4, 1897. Mr..
Gage had been a bank president and
he found time too precious to waste
going away from his bank for lunch
con. Consequently he had luncheon
served for himself and his principal
assistants in one of the rooms of the
bank.
While they ate the bank officials
had a sort of cabinet meeting, in
which they snapped views as to the
affairs of the bank. Mr.. Gage inau-
gurated the same custom in the treas
ury Every day. shortly after one
o'clock the secretarys messengers
would set table in his room and it
would be we'll filled with good things
arriving from the lunch room in the
treasury AS they ate, the secretary
and his three assistants talked over
the work of the department. When
Secretary Gage went out five years
ago he turned over the department
to L. M. Shaw, who followed the Gus
tom.
Secretary Cortelyou goes to lunch
con when he can spare the time.
When he cannot he goes across the
street from the treasury and gets
sandwich, piece of pie and a mug of
milk from an establishment he pat
ronized for years when he was clerk
in the White House.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

The breaking of the crust also is an
advantage to the sprouting corn in
that the sprouts can force their way
through without difficulty. A weeder
is used every week, sometimes
twice a week, after the corn comes
up" until it is too large properly
to work with this admirable tool:
then the surface cultivator is intro.
duced. The Weeder used with proper
frequency will kill the young weeds
before they establish themselves. In
case wet weather interferes so that
the weeds get too big for the weede1
remember that this implement is a
killer, then cultivators fitted with
knives instead of shovels take the
place of the weeder. These knives
cut about an inch of dirt, making
clean sweep of the weeds. They do
not get down to the roots of the corn
plants. We do not hesitate, however,
to use the shovel cultivator while the
corn is small, in case we cannot do
satisfactory work with the weeder or
the surface cultivator. 1 do not be.
lieve that any appreciable injury is
done corn by the shovel cultivator un.
til the plants are say six inches high:
then it's use should be discontinued
So if the weeds get a start while the
corn. is young you can go after them
with the shovel cultivator and plow
as deep as you like. But don't keep
this up; as the corn progresses in.
troduce superficial tillage j..
We continue to use the surface cul.
tivator as long as we can without
breaking down any corn; then, in or
der to conserve soil moisture rather
than keep down weeds, which have
already been conquered, we use one.
horse harrow, shaped like the letter
A. dragging it between the corn rows.
This tool finishes the job in fine shane
leaving the surface smooth and wei
broken up. We have: also used the
wheel of corn planter in giving corn
its final working: a fine:tooth har
row is to- be preferred. :%=:= *2 MI: sI=
..sHss*It u.s. a: good practice to SOW COW
peaa,zrape@or soy beans with the corn
Just re*the 1astSculti yatio II YOU
have sheeps and hogs these crops Vii
make you none = armer'sS Review.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

inner square represents the exact
area occupied by one tree, which area
is one square rod. It is now evident
that when planting the same distance
apart 1866 acre will contain as many
trees set out by the deltOid system as
one acre will where the trees are set
out in the form of squares, or S6.6
acres in the first case equal 100 acres
in the second case. Or if a tract of
land WOULD contain under the present
system of planting 1000 trees at a
given distance apart, it would under
the deltoid system contain 10o0/ 1866 or
1854 trees the same distance apart or
an increase of 1874 per cent.
With suitable machines the farmer
might utilize, this system in planting
his corn and have this percentage in
his favor.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
To Renew Smelling Salts.

Smelling salts can be made to last
four years if fresh spirits are poured
over the balls Of salt from time to
time, so as to keep up the original
strength of the mixture. Many people
use spirits of ammonia in this connec.
ton, but still more powerful speci-
nc may be found in a. combination Of
this spirit with oil Of lavender, in the
proportion of two@>parts Of the former
to one Of the latter, says <Woman,s
Life. In procuring the ammonia, how
ever, care must be taken. to avoid
choosing aromatic spirits OF ammonia
in error $, heSswater] (which Ejt contains:
preventing # from ANAL galna ting WIFI
the oil. s#ta l5 SUI. s :7 = 81
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
Hardy Ornamental Shrubs

One of the most satisfactory of large
shrubs for planting in home grounds
is the grand old SNOWFALL" There
are several varieties of vibrubum, as:
it is known botanically. The Jap.
anese SNOWFALL is smaller than the
common American variety, but is a
fine bloomer, The ''highbush cram
berry" closely resembles the SNOWFALL
in it's foliage, and has an additional at
traction in it's brilliant clusters Of red:
berries b: which sometimes remain
through the winter: In the autumn
its foliage turns to bright colors,
which remain until freezing weather:
The varieties 1catalogued as { common:
ibnrnnmz st mento sums and:
!ahighbush cranbe berry are al excellent
shrubs INV s III
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
Bald Heads in the Senate

The senate of the United States lost
lot of hair on March 4, when Clark
OF Montana, Carmack of Tennessee
and Spooner of Wisconsin retired to
private life. Up to the close of the
Fifty-ninth congress the senate was
almost evenly divided between sena-
tors with and senators without or at
least very little hair In the Sixtieth
congress, however, the bald-headed
senator's will easily be in the majority
and if they choose they might COM
bine and reorganize the senate com.
mittees.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
Recommendations Not HANDY.

prominent business man of
Washington fell victim to the motor
gar fever during the progress of the
recent automobile show in this city
and bought for himself one of those
long seven-seat gasoline distance de-
>ourers. Then he set out to find a
competent chauffeur. He advertised
and he tried agencies, but he didn't
find one to suit him, until one morn
ing recently quiet, middle-aged man
appeared on the scene and answered
all questions in the most satisfactory
manner
Il think you'll do said the bust
ness man at length; that is, if your
references are satisfactory. I sup
pose you have them here"
NO, sir said the chauffeur
tive, but l can get them in the course
OF month or SOL think
why can't you get them now?'' in
CURED the business man. I'D like to
have you start in right away"
WELL returned the applicant,
you see, it's this way. My late en-
ployer is in the hospital.'
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
BROWN SERGE WALKING DRESS.
Blouse Jacket and Skirt of Somewhat
Novel Design.

Cigar-brown serge is used for this
dress. The skirt is a seven-gore pat
tern, machine-stitched several times
at the foot
The blouse jacket opens in front to
show a white vest, that is hooked in
visibly, and has line of knot stitches,
worked with brown silk up each side
of the opening. The revers are edged
with plated silk, and the deep waist
band is fastened by silk-covered but
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

This insect is common on apple,
Cherry, pear, plum and grape. If Of
ten referred to as the grape cane-borer
inns beetle is about one-third to one
half inch in length, and dark brown
above and black beneath. In early
spring it~enters the twig by making a
hole near a bud, and continues it's
work by making burrow several
inches in length. The insect natures
in the fall. there being but one brood,
and for the most part, hibernates in
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
Fairbanks Entertain Exteneiv.,v

Vice President Fairbanks is enter
tanning much more literally and fire.
quently than formerly, and has ON.
ployed a chef who takes precedence
as a buyer with the market peonle of
even the White House chef. Busy.
bodies say his living expenses have
suddenly jumped from rate Of $50
900 per annum to 100000.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
Streamers on Dress Hats.

A lot of the newest dress hats have
steamers. A particularly nice one OF
fine leghorn piled with blossoms had
long streamers that we're to fall far
down the back, :of spetunias velvet rib:
bon with small blossoms from the
hat lightly fastened On its length 4. Y.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
MORE TREES
TO THE ACRE
BY H. c, DUNLEVY

Figure 1 represents seven trees
planted by the delteid system, and we
will suppose them to be one rod apart.
The inner hexagon represents the ex-
act area occupied by one tree exclu-
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

its 1arvael burrow. The eggs are laid
in the dying or dead roots of green
brier" (smilax), or in dead roots of the
grape.
This beetle will seldom become trou-
blesome in a well-kept orchard, as
good pruning and general cleanliness
about the place will remove all wood
in which it is most likely to occur. If,
however, a tree is infested the dis
eased part should be cut away and
burned.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
LEvlTY ON SUPREME BENCH.
Chief Justice Holmes Makes Some
thing Of an Innovation.

1t is not often that one hears JUS
States make a remark in levity while
be is attired in his robes of dignity
and is sitting on the bench, which, III
fact, is not a bench at all, but soft
cushioned leather-covered easy chair.
But the unexpected did happen recent
down. Mr. Justice Holmes was the
rerpetrator of the joke, which was a
very mild one.
Mr.. Holmes had the fortune Cor the
misfortune) of announcing the decision
CT the court in the case of David
kawananakoa, Jonah KalanianaOle,
Abigale w. Kawananakoa and Eliza
beth K. Kalanianaole against Ellen AL
bertina Polybland and others. Mr..
Holmes hesitated, and although an
nouncing a decision of the supreme
tribunal of the land, was obliged tC
acknowledge that he would have to
torego the form of pronouncing the
names. He spoke in low tone of
voice, and said, as smile played
about his lips:
This is case No. 273, but l will not
undertake to pronounce the names of
the appellants, which are matter of
record"
He then proceeded to explain the
decision of the court, but the dilemma
n which he was thrown by the IN
ronouncable names did not cause
sympathetic risible on the physiog-
nomy of any of the justices except in
the case Of Mr.. Justice Nick emma, but
the assembled attorneys enjoyed the
situation thoroughly.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

sively, which area is equal to that of
two of the equilateral triangles formed
by the trees. Since the sine of 60 de-
grees equal 1866 it is evident that this
area equals 1866 square rod. Figure 2
represents nine trees planted one rod
apart in the form of squares, and the
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15
PRETTY FRAME FOR PHOTOGRAPHS

upper edge; or else place the photo
in position, then seccotine the whole
edge of the back. For the support,
take double strip of paper, cover
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

Barley for Horses.-Horses when
worked cannot be supported upon bar
ley quite SO we'll as upon oats, but
with animals at medium amount of
work, it is worth slightly less per
pound than oats. 1t is more satisfac-
tory to feed barley whole as it forms
a pasty substance, as does ground
wheat |5E *<ze9@y
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-06-15

tons; two one-half inch tucks are car
ried from the waist quite over the
shoulder each side.
The pulled sleeves have turn-up cuffs.
finished by plated silk.
Brown chip hat, trimmed with vel,
vet and feather mount.