davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20
WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN.
The Confedcratcs' Lost Opportunity
After Hull Run.

The Confedcrates' Lost Opportunity
AFTER Hull Run.
The enemy were routed. jackson
saw their decentralization and felt that
II rapidly followed up II would spread
and might involve the capital itself
And every soldier should have seen In
II mt least n good chance TO cut off
and capture many thousands of fhgi
tlves retreating by long and round
about roads.
There was little effort worthy of the
name even TO do this our small bod.
tured about as many prisoners as They
could handle. In all 81 unwoundrd
were taken. But TO fully improve such
an opportunity not n moment should
have been lost At the occurrence Of
the panic all the troops best situated
to cut the line Of retreat should have
been put In motion Not only staff
officers, but generals themselves, should
have followed up to inspire and urge
pursuit. The motto of orr army here
WDull NftHl W luNt bttu, bullh u
bridge Of gold for flying enemy"
Jackson's offer to take Washington
city the next morning with 5000 men
had been made to the president MS he
arrived upon the field, probably about
3 o'clock. 1t was not sunset until 7l5,
and there was nearly full moon. But
the president himself and both gener-
ais spent these precious hours In riding
over the field where the conflict had
taken place. Doubtless II was nm inter
estlng study, the dead and badly
wounded of both sides being mostly
where they had fallen, but 1t was not
war to pause at that moment to con
slider it. One of the generals Beaure-
gard, for instance, should have crossed
Bull Run ut Balls ford or Stone bridge
with all the troops In that vicinity and
should have pushed the pursuit all
night. Johnston should have galloped
rapidly back to Mitchell's ford and
have marched thence on Centervllle.
with Bonham, Longstreet. and Jones,
who had not been engaged. No hard
fighting would have been needed. A
threat upon either flank would doubt
less have been sufficient, and when
once retreat from Centervllle was
started even blank volleys fired behind
1t would have soon converted 1t into Il
panic.-General Il. =. Alexander in
Scribner's.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20
PECULIARITlES OF WATER
Its Expansion, Contraction and Slow
Change of Temperature.


Water IL such a common substance
that we usually think but little about
It.. In pure state it consists of'two
gases, oxygen and hydrogen chemical
ly combined. The volume Of the by
drogen is twice that of the oxygen. but
the oxygen even then is eight times as
heavy as the hydrogen. Practically we
never obtain pure water. As IL falls
from the clouds it washes the infpuri-
ties from the air, and as ii sinks into
the earth it dissolves many substances
Even distilled water is rarely pure and
caunot be kept any length of time.
It Is a common observation that wa
ter will freeze into ice and that the ice
will float on the surface of the water
with about one-tenth Of its volume
above the surface. This is caused by
the expansion of the water which be-
gins a few degrees above the freezing
point ana increases rapidly as the wa
ter soidiies. If water behaved as
most substances which contract and
hence occupy less space when they are
as liquid, our ponds. rivers and
lakes would soon disappear The first,
layer of ice that formed would break
away from the shore by its own weight
and sink TO the bottom, This layer
would be followed by others as the
water froze until the entire body Of
water became body of ice.
Since our heat comes from the sun
and water does not rea lily conduct
heat downward, it Is easy to imagine
what the result would be- During the
hot summer days layer of ice might
melt. but the ice beneath would not be
warmed and would keep the tempera-
ture of the melted ice so low that a
slight change Of temperature would
cause 1t to freeze again, thus giving us
solid bodies OF water that would never
thaw Drainage navigation. swim
ming. fishiGg and II other water sports
world be absolutely impossible
Another peculiarly about water IL
that 1t requires more heat to raise the
temperature of given weight O. wa
ter one degree than it does for any
other known substance. The same
an,oult of heat applied to equal
weights of water and copper will raise
the temperature of the copper about
eleven tines as much "a it will in the
case of the water While this means
that 1t takes more heat to warm the
water We rse, il is otherwise to our
advantage. II water changed its tenn
perature as readily as copper, iron or
mercury it would be impossible to go
out of doors after a rain If the sun
were shining, since we would be suffo-
Gated by the steam. Fires could not be
extinguished by water. since the wa
ter would in many cases be turned into
-team before 1t could reach the fire
and thus escape. Under present con-
dlt.ons it would require large amount
OF heat to raise the temperature of wa
ter from the freezing point to the boil
In point and nearly "a times as much
more to change the water into steam.
In this way the water Is kept in
liquid condition for a considerable time
even under unfavorable conditions
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20
Grn,xth NJ the Order.

During the year ended: Sept. 30, 249
new oranges were organized, 38 In
Pennsylvania, 81 in New York, 20 In
Michigan, 2S In Washington, 16 In
Maine, 10 In Vermont, IA In Ohio, II
each In Massachusetts, and Maryland,
8 In New Jersey, each in Minnesota
and Oregon, 8 each in Wisconsin, Ken
lucky and Kansas, 3 each in Connect
icut, Iowa and California, 2 each in In
diana, Illinois and Colorado, l each In
New Hampshire, West Virginia and
Idaho. During the same period Q
oranges were reorganized, II in Penn
sylvania, IL each in. West Virginia and
Kansas, 9 in Maine. each in Michigan
and Ohio, 3 in New Jersey, 2 each In
New York, Delaware, Washington and
Oregon, each In Massachusetts and
Illinois.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20

Albany hotel, Denver On Wednesday
afternoon, Nov. II, there viii be pub
lie exercises in the Chamber OF Com
merce, at which II welcome will he eX-
tended to the national grange by Gov,
ernor Mcdonald of Colorado. The
mayor of the city and master Of the
state grange will also speak. Re.
sponses viii be made by Hon. y. j.
Bachelor, master of the national
grange and others. There Cwlll be eX-
tenslve exhibitions Of agricultural and
horticultural products of Colorado, for
which prizes have been offered Tues.
day, Nov %, will be known as Colo
RADIO day. There will be an excursion
to Fort Collins TO visit the State Agri-
cultural college, and possibly the trip
will be extended to Greeley, Colo.
The national grange at Its forthcom-
ing session will be asked to consider
resolution adopted by the Oregon state
grange relative to the postal service.
The resolution empowers n committee
of three members of the Order to en-
ploy all necessary assistance, as law
yers, stenogrnphers and expert account
ants, to proceed to Washington and In
vestigate. the public records and all
other available sources Of information
in the postal department, and "if any
unnecessary financial drains are dis
covered the national grange shall at
once convey the facts to the president
Of the United States and to the national
congress and demand public lnvestiga-
ton" That committee will have a job
on Its hands II appointed There would
not be much trouble with the postoflice
deficiencies II congress would cut out
the flagrantly abused franklng prlvl-
lege, which now costs the government
! $19,O00,O0 year. Another resolution
will relate to the basis Of representa-
tlon in the national grange. changing it
from the present two delegates to each
state to number based on the number
Of members In each state-in other
words, on popular representation.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20


.-.::s tac. ,;"cttr'.i; ;"#i '- '~':
\ g)al manyl}rlrs NG), "tnu me-.
... I'm dn,ios, wcrr. W.. r'H 50 well
tlry are now. Iilic''naa .rrTaph.
j 81, mistakes happened frequently
s:p gr t.? papers had two separate
~ ,es, y.c on II re"nN.' Hih, the Oh.
cr,Na r"d dog. Which 'urr "' course
- 70 mtcr different head,ny<. In
s'".N way both Wcrc set zip tDgethcr.
- DE morning The editor was horrl
"a to see the following article
Tho Rev. JImcS' ThD' us1I rector
81 ST. andrews church. praa, he'd to a
5'te copcourse Of people Sunday.
'Iii was his last Sermon. In ~ few
,,oekS he will bill fHcwc to his con
g'CgAtlOn. as his physiciail has advised
hiG to cross the htiant.c. Ilr exhort-
ell his brethren and sisters and after
Offering n devout prayer 0Iere Is where
thc articles ran t0%nthe:0 t)0E Il whim
to crt mp sorie frantic Freaks re ran
up Timothy street to Johnson and
.l,osvn Benefit street TO College. At
This stage Of the proceedings n couple
Of boys seized him, tied II tin kettle to
HIS TAIL and he again started. 4 great
crowd collected. and after some trou-
BE he was shot by Il policeman"
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20
T HE GRANGE
Conducted by
j. W. BARROW. Chatham. N. Y,
Press Correspondent New York State
Grange
NATIONAL GRANGE MEETING


Announcement of Forthcoming An
nu.ii Meeting at Denver. Colo.
The executive committee Of the ma
tIonal grange has issued circular of
Information concerning the next AN
nual meeting, Nov. II to 81, at Denver.
It will be the fortleth annual session,
A reduction of the fare one-thrd, on
the certificate plan, has been secured
to Chicago from eastern points, From
Chicago TO Denver the western Pas
sengcr association has made single
rate plus - The one way fare from
Chicago 10 Denver Is $3.50 plus 81,
which would mike 1t $3.50 for the
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20
No Room.

Mrs. Dmkley complains that her
1at Is awfully cold
Il suppose thc jHlitor dnesp't dare
TO turl on much steam, because Mrs.
Duukley insists on having a thr,mom-
eter. and if the mercury expanded iii it
there Light be trouble. ."-Ch.cago Rec
ord-Haald.
s::rry.s nm oacrn Com3cay.
TIL, late Amt" Louisa r.L.i,gc.
meeting II reporter OH one Of the New
York papers, learned that Lillian Euj.
sell was to be married to S g. u
gli. ri0s
Isn't size cleverY' quoth Mrs. ~
Lrldge. Why. she first married N le:d-
g of tie orch 's.ri. then u col:.ps tr Of
comic OPERAS and now she will wed II
ienor. Bless my heart! If s.it keeps
pa, shell l..;.e an e.ltire operatic outfit
cf her own s
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20
The TNNn "Di.rk Nn VI"

There are two dark days" mention
ed in the annals of New England. The
first occurred ON Oct. 81. 1716 when II
suddenly became so dark soon after
noon that the people were forced to
use artificial lights TO DO their ordinary
work. This strange condition of the
atmosphere lasted about three and a
half hours. Again. on May 10, 1TSo
there was remarkable darkcning OF
the atmosphere. but the phcnomcno.
did not come on so suddenly rs that
upon the earlier date. The darkness
in this latter instance began between
10 and IL O'Clock on the morning OF
the day named and lasted throughout
the day. The darkness extended from
the northeastern part of New England
westward as far as Albany and south
ward to Pennsylvania. The most in
tense and prolonged darn SIS, now.
ever, was confined to Massachusetts,
more especially to the senboard. 1t Is
said to have come from III so;Ithwest
but there Is no mention OF |. made in
the history of Ohio or the Virginias
The exact cause still remains one OF
the unexplained mysteries.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20

Should agricultural fairs be given
state aid for their support?
Have we made the grange hall a
true type Of a grange home?
Have we made our farm home
true type Of farm home?
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20
Frank 5 Restaurant.
EXECUTRIX' NOTICE
Estate of John Peter Snyder. late Of
Winslow Townihip. Jefferson Co. Pa.

Notice Is hereby given that letters testa-
mentary upon the estate OF the said decedent
have been granted to the Undersigned All
persons indebted to the said estate are re-
quested to make payment aud those having
claims or demands against the same Will make
them known without delay TO
MRS. LAorTA BURKErT,
Reynoldsville. Pa.
smitl NJ. Mccreisht. Attorney.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20

round trip from
Chicago. Any
members of tile
order in the
eastern sta tie s
who expect to
make the trip
to Denver can
secure further
information by
writing their
sta te master.
Tickets will be
good to return
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-02-20
OUR SOCIETY CENSOR
ORIGIN OF TIE lNCoRPoREAL BUT
ALERT MRS. GRUNDY.

This Paul Pryish and Gossipy Myth
Is an Invisible Character In Thomas
Morton's Epmous Old English Com
edy, "speed the Piow."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-03

till to-day IT is one OF the most attractive spots
in the whole state; not so grand as the Adiron-
dacks not so majestic Niagara, not so unique
perhaps, as the Ausable Chasm, but combining
the charms OF each OF these places and adding
many OF its own.
The park extends for about three miles on
both sides of the Genesee River. the most wild
and picturesque bit of that interesting stream.
for II includes three superb falls. which In
their combined leaps drop nearly three hun
dred and Atty feet The glen or. rather, the
canyon, Is wild and picturesque in places with
perpendicular walls OF beautiful coloring,
frnged at the top with trees, bushes and vines
which look as though nature had done her best
to beautify and soften the solemnty and rug
gedness of the scene-as she has. aided. how
ever. largely by the Master Workman who
planted them exactly where they ought TO grow.
It is worth a long Journey in the fall TO see the
red streamers Of the American woodbne haunt-
ing themselves against the gray rocks hun
dreds of feet directly above the rushing waters
On side Of the river safe flights of stairs
have been constructed by which one may de-
scend to the edge of the stream and watch the
falls and rapids, the cascades and whrlpools as
they thunder and dance and fash. and turn and
twist in the narrow channel. Only those who
have been happy enough to see for themselves
the wonderful beauty and grandeur of the Glen
Iris canyon realize what 1t is going TO mean
for the people to have this park made free to
them in the future, as It has been for the last
fifty years.
Those who have known Mr.. Letchworth only
as an expert business man managing prudently
and wisely his own affairs or. as the head of the
State Board OF Charities, institution which
he served with self-sacrihce and zeal for quar-
ter Of a century, interesting himself in tails
poOrhouses and insane asylums. roofing out
abuses and fighting as Quaker must fight with
the uncarnal weapons OF patience and wisdom
those who have seen him only thus have not seen
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-03
Japs Pushing Them Off
the Earth. Their Hopes
Turn to Heaven.
BY william T. Ellis.
Copyright. 1907. by Joseph p. BowIes)

Copyright. 1907. by Joseph B. BowIes)
Picturesque, placid and pitiable white ROBBED.
but not angelic Corea stands at the crossroads
OF the Orient a personifcation of the Far East
ern question Religiously considered. the situa-
ton here is perhaps the most interesting in the
world Certainly this is the most promising
missionary field now before the eye Of Chrsten-
dom.
The contrast between Corea and Japan in this
latter respect is marked. Across the strait the
missionaries are all concerned over the iude-
pendence movement in the native church and
fearful lest they should DO or say something TO
offend the sensitive Japanese pride. Here the
missionary has none of these problems, his one
concern is how to visit all the localities that are
calling for him and how TO find time 10 instruct
all the catechumens awaiting him and TO re-
ceive into the church the men and women ready
for membership, since some churches can be
visited only every three months or half yearly
In a word, here are missionary conditions more
nearly ideal and more nearly what the Christians
IN America think foreign missions to be than
in the more famous country OF Japan
II ever country needed the consultations OF
religion IT IS poor Corea. AS a consequence
chiefly, Of her own incapacity ana ot1ClaI cor
ruption she has fallen into the hands OF a
powerful neighbor, who apparently is system
atically effacing all the manifestations Of Co
rean national life and identity. Her King is
prisoner, unable so much to issue a pass to
his own old unused palace, except as ne obtains
permission to do SO from a Japanese func
tionary Her laws are now made and admin
istered by japanese. Her government institu-
tions are all managed by the latter. Even the
semblance Of self-g government is being wrested
from her feeble hand: while robbery, abuse,
oppression injustice and even murder are the
lot Of her common people.
In their heipiessness and misery the people
are turning to the American missionaries as
their only friends and advisers The King
himself leans more heavily upon the protection
and counsel Of certain of the older American
missionaries than upon the most trusted Of
Corean patriots. On one occasion, when a great
snaa IN ~
attack upon the palace. the King sought for the
presence and help of three American mission
aries and while a mob of thousands howled out
side the palace walls and soldiers surrounded
the imperial quarters, his majesty clung-liter-
ally and physically cung-for protection TO
these three Americans.
Like ruler like people. l was inspecting
Taiku, city, or rather mud village, of sixty
thousand people with a young American mis-
sionary, when an old man came 10 him for
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-03

sci and help, his aged wife having been brutality
attacked by japanese. The missionary is in
straits He will not NEEDLE in politics What
ever his sympathies, he dare not take sides on
such questions, and he is forever Tending off
the distressed and the prosecuted, and bidding
them endure their wrongs with Christian forti-
tude.
Already I have found illustrations OF self
restraint and fOrbearance on the part of mis-
siOnares in the pursuit Of their difficult role
that fill me with admiration. After hearing Of
the arrogance and excuses committed by the
japanese immigrants upon white foreigners. rs
well as upon Coreans, l asked a muscular big
missionary who looks a If he could administer
the law. well the gospel how he managed
TO get along. For the sake of my work, | just
me on the street and tries to knock me down.
simply say, Excuse me- and step aside A
gentleman and his wife my house q few
weeks ago in Jinrickishas from the station The
fee should have been 20 sen each. He offered %
The Japa nese 'rickshaw men. knowing that he
at my advice he refused to give II, those two
coolies came into my parlor, took out their pipes
and began TO smoke There they STAYED until
I paid them a dollar apiece"
When i considered that this missionary. who
IS Of the football centre rush type so common
coolies heads together and thrown them out OF
The window. marveled. and realized afresh the
devotion Of these men TO their work. Because
81 was only a belief that his work would be
made TO suner by the japanese authorities that
the man restrained from exercising what an
Anglo-SsXon considers his rights in such cir
cumstances. ! know two other missionaries
British subjects who have been set upon and
beaten by the japanese, but who have refrained
from pressing the matter as international incl
dents simply because they chose to endure
wrongs with the Corean people rather than that
the cause Of missions should be hampered
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-03
REMAINING A NATION.

bUsier lot Of missionaries than these have
not yet seem most of them are engaged chiefly
in country work, itineratinE fer weeks at a time
among the villages In Taiku I visited the mis-
sion's primary school. where a hive Of gayly
dressed youngsters were crowded in a native
house. studying their lessons at the top of their
lungs and swaying to and fro they studied.
In another little native house found Mr.. Adams
teaching the beginnings Of a higher education
to twenty-five COrean young men-nOst Of them,
by the way with their hair up. In token that
they are married. There is practically mod
ern education in Corea except that given by the
missionaries. The latter are spreading the desire
and the opportunity for an education throughout
the country. and many say that this will be the
means of preserving the national identity.
So general is the belief that the influence of
Christian schools. churches and literature may
help Corea to find herself after centuries OF igno-
range corruption and oppression, that I have
been told by other than missionaries that the
japanese government IS backing a Buddhist
propaganda and organizing new native religion
in order TO counterfeit the widespread acceptance
Of Christianity The missionaries are alert TO
keep the churches from being used for political
purposes
The missionaries have a thousand Protestant
and thousand Roman Catholic adherents in
Taiku. The church of the former IS simply a
primitive native house. enlarged again and
again. until more than five hundred persons can
crowd into II for the weekly service. 1t looks
scarcely large enough 10 hold one hundred
American fashion, but the Coreaus sit cross
legged on the floor and crowd closely together
The women separated from the men by a
curtain. and in church they remove the cloak
which ordinarily conceals their faces This par
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-03

parativeIy recent development. Il is only TWEEN
ty years since Corea the hermit nation
and twenty years since the arrival of the first
missionary. Each year since the beginning the
number of converts has been doubling, and the
additions to the Protestant churches for the
present year given at 10000. Corea, with T.
100000 population and 200 missionaries. has
nearly, If not quite, many Protestant con-
Verts Japan, with 4J,WO.OOO population and
more than eight hundred missionaries.
The little colony OF nine Americans at TGiku-
including one unmarried woman, Miss Cam
eron, who lives alone in little house overrun
with rats and mice, Of which she is afraid
consists OF the Rev. and Mrs. J. z. Adams. DR..
and Mrs. W. O. Johnson, the Rev. and Mrs. II.
NJ Bruen, the Rev. r. F. Macfarland and the
Rev Walter J. Erdman. They have impaired
somewhat OF an American air 10 their compound
by setting out fruit trees and flowers from the
homeland that they have apples and
peaches. Strawberries, etc They exchange plants
and cuttings with their neighbOr, the French
priest. From him they obtained their straw
berries. which proved 10 be bread upon the
waters. for last year every of the priests
plants perished. and he obliged to get
fresh start from what he had given TO the
Americans
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-03
HUM0RS OF THE CIRCUS

1.-THE entrance to big circus Is the hest place in
the world to study human nature" said the Old
circus man. "If there is any generosity in man s
makeup It will be In evidence there and by the
same token. his selhshness will be as unblushingly
betrayed. II is. however. the unconscious comedy
In the crowd that appeals to the circus man.
"One afternoon last fall. while the Barnum &
Bailey show in Nashville Tenn the seating
capacity OF the big tents entirely out and
stentorian-voiced speler was ordered TO make the
announcement to the crowd.
NO more tickets. he yelled no more tickets
"A tall farmer. who was struggling in the crowd
around the ticket wagon looked up in disgust
'''Wal. why in tarnatior don't yer hev some more
printed?' he demanded
AT Springfield. No., two women, evidently