davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Greeley tribune., 1907-01-31
ST AND PAT
BEET GROWERS AssocIA-
TON so DECIDE
Will Not Silo Beets at Fifty
Cents q Ton-Meet and
Again Vote on the
Question

In spite of the fact that thousands
of acres of beets are being contracted
for the Greeley sugar factory by nom
members of the beet growers Asso-
citation, members of the association
have determined to stand pat upon
their original decision, not to sign
contracts containing the silo clause
at fifty cents per ton additional for
SLIDING.
This decision was reached at a
meeting some weeks ago and it was
again reiterated at meeting of the
Greeley association last Saturday.
The meeting was called for the pur-
pose of considering the situation
again, now that others were signing
contracts, but there was not man
in the gathering who went back on
his original agreement, although this
agreement was made only verbally at
not SLIDING at any price, while others
thought about dollar ton for the
work would let them out without
, loss.
President E. S. Bumstead of the
Northern Colorado Beet Growers as
sociation and Ben Preston, president
. of the Fort Collins association, were
both present at the meeting and dis
cussed the question with the local
men. Mr.. Bumstead put it that the
l. association was doing nothing In the
le matter and expected to do nothing,
q except to stand upon the old agree
ment not to silo beets at fifty cents
a ton. They were also waiting for
4 the conference with Mr.. Morey,
S president of the Great Western Sugar
: company, which was expected to
9 take place in a very few days.
E. C. Knight, member from the
Greeley district of the executive
committee that is to confer with Mr..
: Morey, requested definite instruc-
tioDs from the gathering, but no
. definite decision was reached, the
:. concensus of opinion being that the
committee would be absolutely fair
to farmers and manufacturer alike.
Ben Preston, who is considered
one of the best posted and most
thorough farmers In the Fort Collins
district, advised the farmers Of the
Greeley district to vary their crops
more, to grow a smaller acreage Of
beets and to put all effort into Great
ing larger tonnage on this acreage.
Feed some stock on the farms, and
thus furnish a demand right at home
for good share of the products of
the farm" was his further advice.
In this way he said they would be
building up their farms, instead Of
wearing them out by drawing SO
heavily on the strength Of the soil
for potatoes and sugar beets.
AT the conclusion of the discussion
Charles F. Mason was reelected
president and Bruce Williams was
elected secretary to succeed Chester
G. Howard who resigned.
The Greeley tribune., 1907-01-31

r1do, These stations will be under
practically similar conditions and
crops as we'll as general studies vii,
be the Same.'
The Greeley tribune., 1907-01-31
/ Of Re-Joyce,

er,a s,,eSa Joyce may be a
p.lc interest in tho
,s,ent m,e little town Of
mo., north of Gree
nD morning Mrs. Joycs
H,ss ~ at Num-, Brought.
e,sd uown for baptism
l,ea bse.s BY :, Father Casey.
% y'afs ,,, the distinction
e,n well born but Of
. hi on the townsite,
h Oe 0e awarded her for fo,
70, o,,''Is0slng sg this prom
thu,,0e ner birthplace.
''sstic about the
The Greeley tribune., 1907-01-31
GOOD MOVE
l.po GRAIN AND SEED
(wpps, ASSOCIATION
lament to Increase the
A If all Farm Crops in
ko,orado-Co-op
tion Sought

|co,o,,do Grain and Seed
association is fathering a
|, that should be of interest
farmer in the state. The
bn is organized to encourage
I,al use of improved seed
Nv to largely increasing the
\ improving the quality OF
crops in Colorado.
lying attitudes in Colorado
b to 5000 feet and above,
ms are being grown, require
|opneut of strains of seed
and adapted to the par
byironment where grown.
kauized and concerted work
ethrough an association of
which will have a perma-
ositiye value to the state.
tOrs. which induce yield
Of crops, are; Seed, soil,
bnditions, time of harvest,
bp, fungous diseases and
!. With the exception of
|nditions, al! these factors
he control of the farmer.
bg tie necessary care in
on, in cultivation of soil,
lis physical condition and
AVAILABLE plant food, 1t Is
materially increase the
pproye the quality of our
nrieties Of grain are
to make larger demands
'lant food, so large yields
nality grain can not be
expected from poor soil
Bood seed. Thus we see
soil stand in the same
'rop production as breed
|ing in live stock produc-
are required for satis-
permanently good re-
and experiments have
Ehe yield per acre of all
D crops can be increased
MY greatly improved by
!, intelligent seed selec-
careful growing of these
year. Vigor of growth
iSeness in individual
lransmitted from these
IS to their progeny in
'lops according to the
pies as desirable char
transmitted to animals
pceStors.
.'"' liie promotion of
am through an associa-
. VIII be a medium for
agricultural conditions
Farmers who judici-
ne'r seed will Practice
~ methods, crop rota-
OF iarm manures for
s0il fertility.
Lens of Colorado should
selop too rapidly but
y, move cautiously and
10 shoulder for a last.
y . seed and grain i'm
Colorado.
',oh has issued a very
Illetin giving methods
us and selection by
'afn crops can be i'm
are some methods
''ea'ment of grain tc
s'eu (. in this movement
,.,,s, hnorr, secretary Of
r'a!lon' aas Fort Collins,
a alo regulations which
y postage.
Of Re- Joyce,
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
List of Advertised Letters.

The following letters remain I'M
claimed at the post office:
W. L. Andrew, Prof. Anderson, Mr..
Bisby, Jennie Beaur, Victor Billmore,
Caroline Baker. Len Blum, Frank
Cornell, Homer Crosby, Mrs. c. c.
Chambers, r. Cosgrove, Louis Carl
son, John E. Coleman, Miaoni
Croconia, Fred Dulton, Marie Davis,
Jammie Donnell. Kristen Dammen,
Deeheblom Lumber company, Will
liam Duffey, Isaac Ellis, Masoo
Eplincy. Miss Ehruid, Geo Free
man, Movet Fard, W. S. Fisher,
David Gross, c. E. GAMER, Gren.
nough Bros, Pierre Gouget, Starveni
Goryonden, Victor Gustoffson, LEM
Gitten, j. Hutchinson, Lillian Holt,
j. NJ. Hondson, Jas. Harris, Hay
Walter, Anna Hsrnen, Hecrki Hrma,
Arthrul Imbuler, Anna johnson,
Henry Jordon, Arthur Jensen. Esther
Jones, Armand jacques, Friedrich
Kohler, Ollie Keurer, John Kregre,
A. A. Lech, Alice Morton, Norman
McKannan, Alex McRare, JAS. Nc
Cuteheon, Valentine Maurer, Arehille
Marnicotte, Mich Mclaughlin. John
Parcund, Eva Marcel, Aleyx holland,
]. e. Pearson, Fred Pitpken. A.
BeteersoD. n. b. Padden. G. c. Pet.
ersen, John Piaulsy, NJ Philips II.
B. Culver, Jack Qaimlary, Fred Rob
ert, John RAINING, N. b. Robinson,
NIL. Reeder. Axel Ronsenbud, Petel
Rodozach, J. 7. Sissen. Mai gAret
Schmidt, Garden Swanson, H. Sch
wenke, w. Shipway, w. Sysmira,
Henry Shmidt, Jack Smith.
Please say advertised when calling
for the above. j. NJ. ELDER.
Postmaster.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03

Spokane, WASH, Jan. 3-Harmony
was the keynote of the caucus held
at the Hotel Spokane last evening by
the Kootenai county delegation to the
Idaho legislature, which convenes at
Roise next Monday, according to the
statements made by the members OF
the delegation.
The result Of the caucus, which
was held primarily for the purpose of
deciding who should introduce the
Kootenai county division bill, result
ed in the honor of being conferred
upon Representative Fleet S. d. Tay.
Tor Of BoDners Ferry, editor of the
Boomers Ferry Herald.
II was farther decided that Mr..
Taylor should have the entire support
of the Kootenai delegation in the
race for the speskership of the house,
it being stipulated, however, that in
the event of the election of Mr.. Tay-
Tor to the speakership Mr.. Fallon Of
Occur d'Alene should introduce the
county division bill.
The county division question ap-
pears to have reached an amicable set
Element as far as the location of the
line is concerned. it being stated by
the members of the delegation that
such is the case, the statement
being concurred in by j. l.. McClear,
the democratic senator elect from
Kootenai county, who was also at the
Spokane last night en- route to the
Idaho capital.
The line agreed upon leaves Occur
'Alene in the south county with the
Rathdrum, the present county seat,
which also leaves Occur d'Alene out
of the race for the location of a c0un
ty seat, pending the result of the
next general election.
Standpoint is TO be made the tenn
porary county seat Of the new north
county. The matter Of the perma.
neut county seat Of the north county
will also be determined at the next
general election when a majority OF
all votes cast will decide the location
finally.
So far as can be learned the south
county containing the present coun-
u seat, must retain the name Of KOo-
tenai and q new name will have 70
be ehOssn for the north county.
The question Of change in the
First judicial district Of Idaho.
(which at present embraces All Of sbo-
lshOne and Kootenai counties, result.
ed in the decision that the delegation
should urge the forming Of q new
district for the two new counties.
leaving Shoshone in one district.
The delegation also pledges itself
70 urge the appropriation Of s25, O00
by the state fer the Boomers Ferry
bridge over the KooteOai river.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
POLITICIANS
HOLD CAUCUS
Legislators and Politicians Meet
at Spokane Hotel

The Kootenai county delegation, all
of whom were in attendance at the
caucus, are: s. d. Taylor, Boomers
Ferry; W. L. Gleason, 81. Joe
Joseph P. Fallon, Occur d'Alene, and
j. G. Finstead, Priest River.
Ignatz Well, who Is claimed By the
republicans to be the senator. elect
and who is contesting the election Of
J. L. McClear, democrat, was In at
tendance at the caucus during the de-
alterations.
The other Kootenai county politi-
clans who made up the personnel OF
the caucus we're: Geoger r. Barker,
editor of the Pend d'Oreille Review
Peter johnson, county attoTuey-elect
j. A. SteinIein, r. N. Dunn, registe'
Of the United States land Office Al
Occur d'A lene; @. j. Shoemaker,
republican county chairman and
county treasurer; Mead Vaughn OF
Clarks Fork; County Sheriff Ed
Doust and sheriff elect G. A. Melon
aid, and Bartlett Sinclair OF Rath-
drum; Guy L. Rogers Of the b X.
Lewis Lumber company and Rudolph
Miles of Occur d 'Alene.
The members Of the delegation
left on the o. K. a. n. this morning
/ for Boise.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
Business School Monday.

The Occur d'Alene business coll
lege, being q branch Of the SWsdish
Lutheran college. which will DO
founded in the city neat fall, will
open school in the old Sander hall
next Monday morning with thorough
business course. Oscar L. Liden,
A. B., Of the Swedish Lutheran
church Of the city will have charge Of
the school and will be assisted by
several competent teachers. Day ses-
sions only will be beid until a nlght
class is formed. The old commercial
class Of the high school will be Trans
frersd 10 the new school as a founda
tion en- which to begin and Mr.. Lid
en- xpects 70 have a large school in
the near future.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
MURDER ON THE ST. JOE

A report from the Black Prince
mine which is located about 20 miles
from the head OF navigation on the
st. Joe, Joe Sanniss, known as Black
Joe, q homesteader In that section
OF the country, shot and instantly
killed a man by the name Of johnson
last evening. Full details cannot be
had owing to impaired telephone con
nections. 1t is known that sanniss
was taken by Sheriff Sutherland, Of
Shoshone county, and that the two
have started for Wallace where San
Mss will be placed in the county Jail
awaiting preliminary hearing.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
OPEN RIVER
TO THE SEA
Solution OF Inland Empire Freight
Rate Problem

Walla Walla, Wash, Jan. PRO
lessor w. d. Lyman of Whitman col
lege, who has been sent out by the
commercial clrb OF Walla Walla to
tour the state in an effort to unite
The cities and counties chiefly con-
'eerned and secure their cooperation
ID supreme effort to get the work of
Opening the Columbia and Snake
'dvers to navigation done at the earl
lest possible date, will soon visit Spo-
bane in the interest of this work.
Professor Lyman has given this prob
lem much special study. He has al
Isady visited most Of the towns of
,Outhern and eastern Washington and
has everywhere met an enthusiastic
reception and promises of support.
Speaking of the open river work, Pro-
lessor Lyman said:
"In the present commercial pres
nre, induced by the car shortage
Nd lack of fuel, and in the midst of
be great struggle centering at Spo,
kane over terminal rates, it is natur-
b that we should turn our minds to
ward measures of relief.
Both state and federal powers are
Investigating the question Of traffic
and rates. Every sort of authority,
legislative, executive and judicial, is
invoked
''.Are we aware that the chief means
to solve this great question of rates
for us of the Inland Empire lies at
cur doors unused? | refer to the
opening of the Columbia and Snake
rivers to steamboat navigation. The
open river and the trolly line in con-
junction will solve the question far
more effectively than any decision OF
court or order of commission can.
they will solve the question by the
natural laws of competition.
"They will break railroad monop'
ply and oppressive and discriminate
Ing rates as no other agency can.
An open river to the sea is the great
nate maker.
"The aim of our work is to organ
lie campaign of education and en-
lightenment and also to secure both
congressional and state action to
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03

X. NJ. Maers TO J. d. Mcintosh,
lot 10, block 4. Gillingham's addlt-
ION, Priest River, e70e.
Peter johnson TO Idaho Western
railway company. right Of way over
S. F. section l, As, west, 81.
U. s. Rec. 10 Mary f. Young,
IS ! n. Il. section II, N. r.. see
tion II. b3, west, s4O0.
Z, S. recorder to Albert K. Short,
N. W. ~ T.. section 3. 53. west,
elO0.
Ayondale Stock farm 10 q. J. Green
r. tract 10, Ayoudale, 81
John Johnson to John Peterson, s.
W, S. E. 4 part Of n. ". &. r. & 8.
u. section IA, A., 2 west, slo8.
q. y. Rec. to Robt ]. Young, s.
". s. =. section g, ". r. N. W. 4
N. w. n f.. section 7, 53, west,
1900.
jerome Young 10 Mrs. A. Brown.
lot 8, block u, city of Occur d.
AIene, sl65.
r. s. Colqubonn 10 Guy C. Gel !.
quhouu, lot 90 Of lot 1, section II.
so, 4 west, e1.
James Roche 10 Caesar Aasini, part
of lot 6, block, H, town Of Occur a..
Alene. s5I5.
Taylor Bros. 10 Phillip S. Lantzy,
part n T. section 10, 90, west.
$3.50.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
Entertained Friends.

Tuesday evening Mrs. L. II. Stet-
Ter entertained number a
young friends at her home at progress
sive whist. The evening was spent
pleasantly and the house was artist
eally decorated. Miss Mildred Cluh
captured first prize, q handsome SOU
venir spoon. while Ralph Nevers was
awarded FIRST gentlenan's prize. be-
ing q hadnsome book. Miss Adelyn
Young received the consolation prize,
q candy animal. Those present we're
Misses Neyers, cluff, Litberland,
Brown, Ora and Maude Kennedy.
Murray and Young, Aesdames Mil
ner and Sprague, Messrs. Lansing
Thomas. George and Ralph Movers,
DR. Sheppard, LitbeTland, Axtel.
Jones and Brown.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
RIGHT OF
EMINENT DOMAIN
Given to Private Corporation by
Supreme Court

Boise, Idaho, Jan. 3.-The supeme
COURT has affirmed the Judgment Of
District Judge Steele in the action Of
the Potlatch Lumber company versus
Henry Peterson ct al. This was an
action TO condemn about 10 acres OF
land for the use as storage reservoir
for logs and timber products and to
improve the navigability OF the Pa
louise river.
Husband and wife claimed that the
taking OF the land was not for public
use and that the statutes Of Idaho
were not sufficiently broad 60 cover
such use. The demurrer was over.
ruled and the defendants refused to
further plead and stood on their de-
murrer. The opinion points out that
the plaintiffs have shown that In TAX
ing this land they will contribute by
its use to the general welfare and ses-
sion Of the land Is necessary to COM
plete development Of certain material
resources Of the state.
II adds:
THE power Of eminent domain
under our constitution and laws Is
given degree OF elasticity, thus
making 1t capable Of meeting the
conditions and improvements Of the
ever increasing necessities Of society,
TRIAL BY JURY INALIENABLE.
The supreme court reversed the
Judgment Of District Judge Morgan
in the case Of ~. b. Russell, G. r.
Russell and j. j. Pugh, ,opartners,
respondents, versus s. L. Ait and
F. kellogg, copartners, appellants
The PLAINTIFF action Is to recover
1854. 20 claimed TO be due on an al
legged contract by which defendants
greed to furnish plaintiff certain
logs.
The court Of It's own motion dis
charged the jury and appointed q re.
fierce to take testimony aud to report
findings. The appointment Of a ref
cree was objected TO by counsel for
defendant, who insisted on the right
OF the jury trial. That contention
was the principal ground upon which
appeal was taken and il the ground
npon which the case Is reversed.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
A PIeaslng EntertainmenIlt;..- =

Last evening the Washington State
College Glee club entertained a small
audience at the Auditorium In royal
manner, and from the opening chorus
to the finale the different numbers rem
dered by the club held the attention
OF every person In the house. Mr..
Herbert KinbFough pianist executed
several difficult and pleasing selec.
tions and displayd talent, while Mrs.
Kuria Strong, soprano, drew much
applause for the pleasing manner in
which she rendered several difiicult
numbers. Mrs. Strong has sweet
voice Of much volume and displayed
a magniofiient control. Her lullaby
was especially pleasing. The bugles
song, by the club quartette 30 capti-
waited the audience that II was called
back again and again, each encore
being clever and better than the
other. Miss Bertha seabury, violin.
list, was among the best artists that
have visited the city Her rendition
OF Faust Fantastic, " showed comr
bination Of talent, touch and tech
nique beyond the ordinary, and her
instrument deserves no little mention
for its sweetness Of tone.
The second part Of the program, a
neurological comedy, was all that
had been claimed for IL. Ii was
clever 10 say the least ami the means
Of much amusement 10 the audience.
This comedy gave the glee club and
the quartette opportunities TO lntro-
duce number Of pleasing gIees and
quartette songs which were greeted
with N uch pleasrre.
The COMMITTEES u the Knights of
Pythias with the affair Ia charge Ii
to be highly eomplimented for OBJ
tanning so interesting and clever an
entertainment
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.

Ratbdrum, Idaho. Jan 3.-Ths
following deeds we're filed for record
in the auditors Office Of Kootenai
county today
M. A. Folsom 10 W. T.. Stranger
n S. f. or, NJ S. W. or section 20,
81 W. $40.
william #. Hunt 10 II. W. Hat.
field, lot 10, block ?. Hunts addit-
ion to Occur d'Alene, s4o0.
Theodore q. Kasemeyer TO VIM.
Dollar, ~ ". or n z. or Of n ".
section ~. 80 range ", s10.
A. E. Rickerd to Geo. r. Gray,
lots 3, 4. 8, o. 10. 16 Of block 43
Eaton, $4,000
ira T. Wesley { Bsnners Ferry
Lumber company, n. I Of S. Z. sec
ton /. 90, east, s4sO0.
Albeui Poirier 70 St. Paul NJ. q N
Railway company, right Of wsy over
lots 4, 6, o, OF section 30, So,
west. $4,000.
Thomas Boyd to Thomas Judge, s
Of section 10, 55, 3 east, 800.
Thomas }. East to Levi Grow, 8.
r. s. W. section 80. -, 2 west. and
lots l and 2. block 3, lots 8, 10
IL, IL, block 4. lots and s. block
5, lots 7. 8. 9 and 10, block 6. lou
%, 10, II. IL, block Z. Emida, 400.
u. s.. Recorder 20 Chas. Gertum,
N. r. section IL, So. west. sl2
McGOldrick Lumber company q
Pc. Keisling, s. E. section 90, a.
2 west, s1.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
Hill Roads Issue Passas.

Grand Forks. n. D., Jan. 3. -
Passes have been issued by the Great
Northern and Northern Pacific rail.
roads to mem oers Of the legislature
and others in this state, and the lie
suance seems effecually 10 evade the
federal law, with the following pro-
vision printed on each annual.
This is only good for. trip
wholly within the state. II can not
be used for any portion Of an inter
state trip. nor can baggage be check
ed or sleeping car reservations made
for an interstate trip
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
Funeral OF James Lockyear


This morning at ten o'clock the
funeral of James Lockyear took place
from the Episcopal church. Rev. I.
A. Daughters officiating. A large
delegation of Modern Woodmen of
America attended with friends of the
family. After the services the Mod
ern Woodmen assumed charge. The
remains were buried in the Forest
cemetery where the last rites of the
lodge we're performed. Mrs. Lock
year, mother of the deceased, was IN
able to attend the funeral. She is
Frustrated aud it is feared that she
will not survive many days, and is
now resting in a semi conscious con-
dition at her home on the shores of
Hayden lake.
Deceased was 40 years of age, of
English nativity, coming to this
country with his his parents at an
early age. He was married and
leaves wife and thr children to
mourn his loss, besides a father,
mother. three brothers and sister,
all of whom live in the vicinity Of
Hayden lake. He was a member of
the local lodge of Modern Woodmen
Of America and has resided in this
section of the country for many
years. He was we'll and favorably
known, respected by his neigbhors.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
RUSSIANS MAY UNITE

cision may also operate against the
PRONUNCIATION Of the proposed Jweish
reforms, in spite of the fact that this
project has received the approval of
the emperor. His majesty is being
urged stonglS to withhold the Jewish
reforms until the entire subject of
Jewish disabilities can he passed on
by parliment, and his decIson is ex-
pected from day to day.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03

press this vitality important work to
a speedy and effective conclusion.
''The first aim is necessary, for the
stupendous nature of the problem is
but family comprehended by most
people. Few of the producers of the
Inland Empire know that they are
paying four times as much freight as
those on the Mississippi under the in
heunce of water competition pay.
Few know that we pay nearly three
times what is paid on the lower Col
umbia or on the Sound. Few know
that the Inland Empire would save
probably at least $4,000, 900, more
likely So, 900, 900, year on freights,
if it had the open river; enough,
probably, to pay all the cost of open
ing the river within two years.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1906-1907, 1907-01-03
CLOSED BOOTHS.

In these regulations Premier Stoly
pm has copied the American and Aus
milan systems to the extent of pro-
#nding closed booths for secret voting
n the use Of official ballots. Elec-
a'nering is prohibited in the vicin-
Y Of the polls, but it has been ar.
aged to furnish before hand sup
pAes Of official ballots, on which the
Salized political parties, such as
0e OctOOerists and the peaceful re-
ssnerationists and the monarchlsts
nay print their tickets of distribut
on TO the adherents of these parties.
The administrative veto to political
settings and the prevention OF the
animation Of campaign literaturs
MI prevent the nonlegalized parties
nom communicating lists Of theil
Andidates to their adherents except
trough the newspapers.
NO MORE "ITERIM" LAWS.
The cabinet has now finished 1t
'eiiminary legislative work and i
understood that no more ''interim'
VIII be promulgated, under tn
peelai provision of the funda uenta
- Ter this purpose, before the As
Tllhg Of the next parlifment
possible exception TO this may be
sever, the extension Of the zemsto'
's1en 10 Russian Poland. This de