davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
PEAR BLIGHT.
Methods Employed to Overcome This
Disastrous Disease.

W1SInO0S 6InPbOJCo ~ SvSISVtu0 us0
Disastrous Disease.
Disastrous pear blight in California
is the subject of al article in Amer
lean Agriculturist by II. l.. Adams,
California experiment station, who
says: The eastern orchard man has
known and fought this terrible blight
for a hundred years and still grows
pears, especially in Massachusetts, and
around the lakes in New York, but the
eastern grower cannot appreciate the
awful damage being done by this same
disease to the pear industry of Cali
fornia.
The trees are grown on rich, moist
land in blocks of 500 to 10000. Here
they make a heavy growth, and severe
pruning is then practiced to promote
fruiting and to obtain a desirable
shape. The trees have u long growing
season and under these conditions
make a heavy, sappy. soft growth and
throw out numerous suckers, a condi-
ton very favorable to the blight.
Body Blight Prevalent.
The worst feature of the situation is
the prevalence Of butt or body blight,
an unusually wet, rainy spring having
been conducive to the formation Of
suckers on trunk and root. To pre-
serve the trees during the last growing
season meant continual cutting away
Of diseased twigs and the removal OF
suckers as fast as they formed-a ire
mendous job. But the only orchards in
decent shape are those where just this
care and attention were bestowed.
To Reduce Production Of Wood.
The methods followed consist in a
complete clearing out Of the blight
from all parts Of the tree. especially
from the butts and roots, where the
bulk Of the holdover exists. This often
requires a large rcmova Of bark, but
the trees seem to suffer no i'll effects.
This work must be done before growth
starts, which is early in March.
As soon as blossoming begins a man
| or two arc Kept in the orchard cutting
out all twigs as fast as they become
blighted. The greatest stress Is aid on
this spring and summer work.
Less cultivating and blowing, sowing
with alfalfa OF grain, no pruning or
very little, less irrigating and. in short.
anything that will reduce the proluc-
ton of wood is being advocated. Just
how much can be lone is III individual
problem, however, it being manifestly
impossible to apply the same methods
to gravelly uplands and to deep low
lands. This is a question each grower
must try out himself.
The Blight Infections.
The righteousness of the blight is an
other point u~ndervalued, and the small
back yard orchards are n constant
menace. AS California furnishes the
bulk Of the Bartlett pears, it will be
but a short time before this delicious
fruit is a positive luxury unless other
means which can be more easily ap-
piled are discovered for the control Of
the blight.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

spondence showing that he went to
Washington on Eoosevelt's request.
Hartman denies that he ever said the
things attributed to him by Sherman.
Frank W. Hill, the stenographer, was
arrested and locked up
The disturbing letter. it appears, was
sold to the paper by Harriman's dis
charged stenographer, Frank Hill, who
has been arrested on Harriman's no.
ton.
On top Of all this came the presi-
dents startling charge, in a talk with
the newspaper correspondents, that a
conspiracy is on foot among the big
corporation men allied with the Rookie
feller-H Hartman interests to capture
the next national conventions Of both
parties so as to insure a president I'M
friendly to the Roosevelt policies.
Word Of this conspiracy and Of a $5,-
100000 fund with which to buy state
delegations is said to have reached the
White House through d statement
made by Senator Penrose of Pennsyl-
vania at a recent Washington dinner.
The alleged plan was to get delegates
under the guise of Roosevelt third
termers and then throw them to a re-
dictionary man. Hearst was said to be
in the game to capture the Democratic
convention for the same interests. The
president is now expected to fight
openly for the right to name his sue
cessor.
Chicago Goes Republican.
Frederick A. Busse was elected may
or Of Chicago as a Republican last
week by 1921 plurality over the
Democratic mayor, Edward FL. Dunno,
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

kllC dpllC Cpllo NAPAAA9 ACSAA oAS AANo
condition of leaves.]
ing. A. L. Qu~aintance further says in
regard to spring and summer treat
ment that effective work in controlling
these insects may be done i'll the spring
just after they have Matched from
eggs and have collected on the expand
ing foliage. Trees seen to be badly in
tested at this time should be thorough
ly sprayed, taking pains to wet as COM
pletely as possible all parts Of the
leaves, twigs and branches. However
thoroughly the work may be done,
some of the lice are almost sure to
escape destruction owing to the diff
Guilty Of forcing the spray between the
unfolding leaves, more or less covered
with hairs, where some Of the insects
will have penetrated. A subsequent
treatment in the course Of q week
should usually be made, especially If
the first application is seen to have
been unsatisfactory.
After the foliage is we'll out and
more or less distorted from the pres
ence of the aphides effective spraying
is quite difficult, since many Of the in
sects on the lower surface of the curl
ed leaves will not be hit by the spray.
Repeated applications must be made,
therefore, as necessary to keep the in
sects under control. 1t will often be
found practicable to bend over and
immense the terminal shoots of badly
infested young trees in a bucket Of
this spray solution, and this treatment
will be very effective. For spraying
after the trees are in foliage a strong
tobacco d%ecoction, IS or 20 per cent
kerosene emulsion, Is per cent crude
petroleum emulsion or whale oil soap
at the rate Of n pound for each four
gallons Of water are approved rene
dies. Since aphides ecure their food
by sucking up sap from within the
plant, none of the a%rsenical poisons
would be effective.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
EGAL-CR1M1NAL
Fear Ruef May Be Rescued.

Word comes from San Francisco that
the fear on the part of the prosecution
of an attempt to rescue Abe Ruef from
the officer having him in charge is so
great that extreme precautions are
taken to guard against such an attempt
being successful. The drawing of the
jury was begun.
Rudolph Spreckels, who is backing
the prosecution in the graft investiga-
ton at San Francisco with his fortune,
has guaranteed q fund of 100000 or
more if necessary, and contributions to
this fund from other citizens are being
received daily.
Railroads Fight State Laws.
The laws recently enacted by the
Alabama legislature regulating and
limiting railroad rates in that state
have been held up temporarily by an
injunction secured by the railroad in
terests from Judge Thomas G.. Jones
of the United States circuit court
which restraints the enforcement of
these laws until the question of a per-
manent injunction can be decided.
Mrs. Eddy's Trustees Appear.
In the superior court at Concord, N.
H., it was made known that on March
6 last, after suit had been begun for
an accounting Of the estate of Mrs.
Mary Baker G.. Eddy, head of the
Christian Science church, by her son,
George w. Glover, and two other rel
atives. Mrs. Eddy had appointed three
trustees, to whom her entire property
was turned over except her home,
Pleasant View, and the control Of two
tenements in Boston. These trustees
are Henry NJ. Baker of Bow. N. H.;
Josiah E. Fernald, president OF the
National State Capital bank of Con
cord. and Archibald Mcclellan of Bos-
ton. Through their counsel, General
Frank S. Streeter, they moved for
"leave to intervene and be substituted
as plaintiffs in place of the said
"next friends" as the plaintiffs rela'
tives claimed to be.
In the deed Of trust Mrs. Eddy slip
ulates that the trustees shall pay from
the income Of said estate such sums
as she may need for her personal use
or as she may desire to devote to char
ity or ''to the advancement of the
cause and doctrines of Christian Sci
ence as taught by me-" They are fur
ther authorized to carry on the sui
begun against those persons surround
ing her in order to protect the estate
The trust Is to terminate only at bel
death. This action effectually blocks
the trial, for, whatever the decision
it would be carried to the higher courts
Man Higher Up Spotted.
At last District Attorney Jerome OF
New York appears to have got on the
track of the big men in local politics
who have been using their influence to
protect pool rooms and other forms of
crime and vice in the metropolis. In
raiding a pool 70 on Fulton street
last week, which was conducted by
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
xEcUT1vE
Election In Philippines.

Election In Philippines.
The president, in accordance with
the Philippine civil government act of
1902, has issued an order calling for a
general election for the choice of dele
gates to a popular assembly by all the
people of the Philippine Islands except
the Moros and non-C Christian tribes.
The law provides for this step after a
lapse Of two years of general and COM
plete peace. with recognition Of the
authority of the United States. The
upper house of the new legislature will
be composed entirely Of the Philippine
commission. The commission has FIX
ed the date Of the election as July 80.
To Refund Government Bonds.
A circular issued by Secretary Cor
telyou announces the intention Of the
treasury department to refund $780,
10000 Of the 4 per cent funded loan
of 1oo7. THIS series originally com.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

cut into lengths from four to six inches
and taper at the top or thick end
that is, they are cut on a slant, as seer
in the cut. and not square Off, says a
writer i'll New England Homestead.
These are put in the ground so that
the thick end is upward. They are
planted about two or three inches deep.
This is to prevent any water from ac-
cumulating on the end of the plant,
thus causing decay. Horseradish de-
lights in a rich soil and is ready for
market by Oct. /. 1t a be left all
winter and marketed early in the
spring If desired.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

~
ago during the Van Wyck admins
t%ration, the protected pool room has
been operated right up to the time
Of the raid, doing business ostensibly
as an insurance and real estate Office,
conducted by ]. Park Robinson. AS a
matter of fact, while the police raiders
were in possession of the place they
took down a bet from a party giving a
certain telephone number in Albany
which upon investigation proved to be
that in the residence Of Senator Grady.
There was an apparent yearly profit
from this gambling concern of 81, 1885,
600. M
Thaw Declared Sane.
That Harry Thaw is mentally capa-
BILE of advising his counsel in the on
duct Of his defense from the states
charge that he murdered Stanford
White was the opinion reached by the
lunacy commission appointed by the
court on motion of District Attorney
Jerome. 1t was SO reported to the
court, and this meant that the trial
must proceed where it had been left
of. All three members of the commits
sion were agreed on the main point Of
Thaw's capability, but Dr.. Putzel, the
medical expert, was inclined to insist
that Thaw still suffered from certain
mental disorders. During the inquiry
DR.. Hamilton had testified that Thaw
was not now sane, but this was con.
tradlcted by other experts. Thaw him.
self was on the stand, and he made a
good impression, answering all ques.
tons intelligently.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
FOR PULLING BUSHES.

passed around the bush on the side op-
positc from the operator, who holds
the long enc of the stick, the short end
being placed over the chain, as shown
in the illustration.
This device, easily made, works like
a charm and can be adjusted around
a dozen bushes in the same time re-
quircl to SNARE" a chain around one.
e. S. in Farm and Fireside.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
A Word For Farm Groves.

The uses Of farm groves are numer-
Gus. They add to the beauty of the
landscape by breaking the monotony
of the prairie, furnishing wood for va
rious uses and for fuel, so we need not
be dependent upon the coal trust. They
shelter our premises from the cold
northern blasts during winter, and In
summer, when the thermometer Is
playing about the 100 degree mark, we
linger in their cooling shade with a
feeling of tha%nkfulness.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

One Bob Davis.
Jerome's assist
ant found a safe
full Of papers
containing rec
ords of transac-
lions for several
years back, with
names and dates
connected there
with. Many of
the names were
of m e n well
known In politi-
cal and official
life Will most
of the papers re-
fer to transac-
tons that occur
red several years
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
Tried and Found Profitable.

The Vermont experiment station has
found a large gain in the use of Dor
deaux mixture as n spray to prevent
the early blight Of potatoes. For more
than fifteen successive years the sta
ton has practiced spraying potatoes
and has always found 1t a profitable
procedure with early potatoes because
Of It's effect in warding off insect at
tacks and early blight, aside from the
general stimulation it affords to the
plants.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

H APPLE APHIs.

Approved Remedies For Spring and
Summer Treatment.
The presence Of aphides is indicated
by the curled, distorted condition OF
the more terminal leaves, and If q
plant showing these symptoms be
closely examined small oval or pear
shaped soft bodied aphides, greenist
or pink in color, according to species.
will be found on the undersurface Of
the leaves along the tender stem OF
elsewhere, often practically covering
these parts. See cut Following re-
marks on pruning and winter spray
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
BUSH FULLER.

An Easily Made Device That Can 30
Quickly Adjusted.
A very satisfactory device for pull
ing bushes is made as follows: Take a
tough hardwood stick about three
inches in diameter at n end, tapering
to two inches at the other, and Of any
length to suit the operator. We have
found five feet in length to be very
satisfactory.
On this handle slip the ring Of a ring
chain and fasten with a staple. The
other end Of chain is fastened to sin
gletree. In pulling bushes the chain is
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

taking up horse
radish there arc
always several
small roots ra-
diatingfrom the
m a or tap
root, which is
used largely for
grating. These
small roots are
cut off and used
orstarttng new
beds. Roots as
large as q lead
pencil and lar
ger are taken
off and used to
good advan-
~ r1.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

ending one of the
hottest campaigns
the Windy City has
ever known. Koop.
the Socialist candi-
date, polled 13,459
votes and Bruba-
ller, Prohibitionist,
$3.50. The real is
sue was the street
railway franchise
question. Bus Sc
stood for the adop-
ton by referendum
of a franchise pass
ed recently by the
ill., ---oI -or
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
Preventive Of a

Chemical remedies, such as bordeaux
mixture, are sometimes used with good
results Tor leaf blight Of strawberries.
but with all the good effects derived
from its continued applications l wish
to emphasize the fact that It is only
O preventive and not a cure. 1t will
therefore have no effect when once the
blight makes Its appearance.-T. N. W.
IN Rural New Yorker.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
Fresb Manure on Clay Soils.

It is often best to use fresh n
on stiff clay soils in order to have tho
large quantity of organic matter the
manure contains aid In making the soil
more open and porous and easier OF
cultivation.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
StNtinu Horseradish.

Horseradish is started by setting out
roots as early in the spring as the
ground will permit. These roots are
known as waste roots, cut from the
sides of the marketable crop. In
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26
NATIVE WORK HORSES

1 have on sale 20 head Of
halter broke native horses
coming 4-years-old, at my
place 1 mile west of Wash
burn. These colts will
make horses that will
weigh from 1900 to 400
pounds. Also 10 head Of
broke work horses. Terms
cash or bankable security.
Horses can be seen any
time. Come early and
get choice of bunch.
U e.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

Terminal shoot Of apple infested With
the apple aphis (Aphis mali), showing
condition Of %leaves.l
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1907-04-26

Grade Percheron
Work HoPseS for
Sale mt all times.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-11-13
BEES AND BLUEFLoWERs
English Naturalist Discredlts Fairy
Tale Of Science.

There are few scientific theories
which have enjoyed wider popularity
than that which ascribes the origin Of
flowers to the relative action of in
sects, says The London Globe. In the
"Origin of Species" Darwin expressed
the opinion that II insects had never
existed we should have had no beau
tiful flowers, but only such poor ffow-
ers as are now borne by frs, oaks,
docks and nettles, and 1t was his beau
tiful theory" that the world is indebt-
ed to the bee for the blue flower. Grant
Allen expressed 1t that flowers have
become blue because blue is the favor
ite color Of bees" and this evolution
has become classic In the fairy tales
Of science. But G.. w. Bulman re-
cords in The Nineteenth Century his
experiments on the subject, and the
results of continued watching of bees
In garden, and he comes to the con-
clusion that 1t would be difficult to
name any color which the bees do not
appreciate just as much as blue; not
that the bee despises blue flowers.
There are blue flowers much visited,
but these are neither more numerous
in species nor more frequently visited
than green, yellow or white. II the
bee is to evolve the blue flower for
man it must not only prefer blue flow
ers, and visit them rather than those
Of other colors, but 1t must be con-
stant In its visits. But this any OBJ
server can see that 1t does not do,
and we can only conclude that the evo-
luton of the blue flower by the bee is,
in truth, fairy tale" of science.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-11-13
.ss Aun WAY.

wldde M names when qESyches On Ss %Saers ~
An htwise al'o-'o she An s whispers " me- i10i lest
sustan snkn spet wild my arm
ca.s S aSs hopes las to git de
Rses.s .a hold; Ids % .ona 1Sns
assr what de high and She kin ssh pa a E any %
Fer she don mean o de fiddle, notes besin
Whens she tecks
a ali
NOd but Come" wild But rd beside
n me
While de Tys words hangs a-mohn she's sinner
wild
she's September ~ -
Or she's off an on les like April day.
dat way.
-" S-NN
tsotbu objection lady
D Ra d s plenty '0" n0 her
By my lady hands
Tindy jane
in kyor er only fault in
by
day An settle 4 today
she don'tm mean harm
!
Nc Emery Harpers Magazine
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-11-13
Holland Sea SIunaIs.

Holland seems to be pioneering a
new development Of sea signals which
may render coast lightships of double
utility to vessels in time of fog. At a
point of the North sea, northeast of
Texel island is moored the Dutch light
ship Haaks, which for some days now
has been equipped with novel sys-
tenn Of submarine signals by means
of sunken bells. In fog, snow or hail,
or whenever from any cause the
weather is judged thick" enough,
these bells can be sounded once every
three seconds. The system has been
installed as a practical working test,
and il the results are deemed to be
good enough 1t will be adopted gener.
ally on all Dutch lightships-perhaps
also on those of Belgium.-London
Globe.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-11-13
HOMEMADE JELLY BAG.

When your favorite recipe for max.
ing apple or any other jelly tells you
to pour all through a jelly bag, you
need not feel dismayed at the thought
of another expense" for jelly bag
is so easily and cheaply made at home
that the wonder is so few women
make them. Get square yard OF
coarse fannel-already well shrunk-
and fold it across to form triangle.
Cut off seven or eight inches at the
long side of the triangle, and slope
the sides gradually to the pointed
end, then join the two sides very
firmly from the point to the top. Bind
the top with broad tape-this will
prevent it stretching out Of shape
when being used-and sew a long
tape at the top of the seam, joining
1t to the opposite side. This loop Is
for the purpose of hanging it up when
not in use. Before pouring the jelly
into the bag, 1t should be dipped In
very hot water for an instant, as by
SO doing the syrup will pass througn
more quickly.-New York JournaK
Hong Kong imports annually about
2 000 O00 feet hoard measure Of Ore
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-11-13
9H85(lEN(ED


II. M. Battleship Venerable has TAX
en- 700 tons of coal aboard at Malta
at the average speed of 221 tons per
Since the sudden fall Of the great
Campanile a Venice few years ago
scientific experiments have been made
to afford assurance of the stability OF
other famous architectural piles In
Italy.
Prof Berg Of Buenos Ayres says that
he has discovered there fishing spid-
er. This spider spins a little net be-
tween two stones and then drives tiny
fish into 1t. They are captured and
eaten as the spider feels hungry.
Cows wearing smoked glass specta-
cles may be seen in the interior OF
Russia, where great tracts Of country
are covered with snow six months OF
the year. The cows become afflicted
with snow blindness while looking for
fine grass under the melting snow.
Active exploration Of new Cuban
deposit of iron ore, according to the
Iron Age, has brought to light above
5O0,0O0,0OO tons, which would add 8
percent to the figure representing the
worlds total iron ore supply, as pub
lished last year in report OF the
Swedish government experts.
A novel English table lamp depends
upon petrol absorbed by porous stone
filling the containep. There Is mo
wick, but air rising through perfora-
tions In the stone carries enough vapor
to light the mantle. Upsetting extin-
guishes the light, while there is no
free petrol, no odor, and no smoke,
with small consumption of illuminant.
Natural soap baths are not an un-
mixed blessing. The curious soap
spring that forms wonder of a vii
lage In Timor, East Indian Islands,
consists of small elevated mud cone,
from which bubbles up water heavily
charged with alkali and radium, the
discharge giving the appearance Of a
miniature volcano. A disadvantage Of
such washing place is that vegeta-
tion is ruined for miles around.
The crescent-shaped sand dunes
which move in thousands across
the desert of Islay, near La Jo-
va, Peru, have been investigated
by Astronomer s. I. Bailey, who
found the points of a crescent
to be 16$ feet apart. while the
convex side measured ATT feet and the
greatest width was more than 100
feet. The estimated weight was 5000
tons, yet 1t was carried 125 feet year
by the prevailing south winds.-New
York World.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-11-13
MESSAGE of Civilization.

1t is sad to think that bombshells
should be necessary to convey a mes
sage of civilization, but when one is
opposed by barbarians who will not
comprehend any other reasoning their
voice must be heard.--La Petite Re-
publique, Paris.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1907-11-13

II. M. Battleship Venerable has TAX
en- 700 tons of coal aboard at Malta
at the average speed Of 221 tons per