davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23
THE WILLIAMSON PLAN
GIVEN IN FEW WORDS
The Formula Which May Revo'utionize Agriculture in
South Carolina and Put Wealth in Pockets Of
Farmers.
(Thc Columbus state }

The state has published frequently
the formula for the Williams Plan
or the way devised by Mr.. f. McIver
Williamson Of Darlington to make five
ears Of corn grow where but one grew
before. The formula as given nercto-
fore has been a little long. The follow
ing has been prepared by Mr.. James
Henry Rice, Jr,, as The most concise
form in which it can be given:
Break land in winter one-fourth
deeper than common; lay off in six
fott rows, leaving five-inch balk.
When time to plant break out balk
With scooter, following in same fur
row on ;his ridge. Ridge then with
same plow, going deeper; run corn
planter with Dixie ploW, with wing
taken off Plant as early as possible,
usually about the middle Of March.
Drop corn grains every five or six
inches Use no fertilizer. Give first
working With harrow or any plow that
viii not cover planN Second working
with ten or tWenlve inch sweep on
both sides of plant. Thin after this
working
Corn should not be worked again
untii sufficiently stunted, so that ii vii
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23
THE TWO CENT RATE.
\ Prominent CitiHcn says That Rate
Would Give Railroads More Money

VIII the railroads contest the North
Carolina law reducing passenger
rates?
\ gentleman Of large bushes eX-
perience said yesterday that he be-
lieyed the railroads would be stand
ing in their own light 10 do so. lie
added.
while the railway COMPANIES are
contesting the two cent a mile rate Il
is significant. that the SeabOard Air
Line is advertising that IL viii carry
passengers from Wilmington To Nor
folk and return a distance or over
500 miles for S5.-@. The experience Of
almost ali railway companies Is that
low rates stimulate travel just "a the
dry goods bargain counter stimulates
trade. and some of the most progTes-
siye railway managers are alive u the
fact that q railway can make more
money at a fair rate than with the
excessive rates 81 about three cents
mile. as they now charge II the rail-
ways refuse 10 accept the reductions
as made 10y the several States IL means
governmental ownership. at no distant
date.
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23

face is not 50 effective for this pur-
pose rs "A small stone roller with cau-
ccntrated weight II rs not tho total
weight Of the machine which count
but the weight bearing upon any oac
square inch of ground n the roller
passes oyer have used this big horse
roller and long since thrown n AVA.
But the heavy steam roller IS absolute
Is necessary and $50 good results may
he expected without its use
The macadam or crushed stone
road is the best for heavy country
traffic. This is the standard improved
highway coming into use hroughout
North Carolina. The most economical
construction spreads stone ten feet
wide in the middle OF a thirty foot
roadway leaving ten feet Of earth rpad
on each side for use in good weather.
This method lcngthens life of stone
and cneapcnS maintenance" without
lesscning in~ anyWise the efficiency Of
the road.
The stone used should be both hard
and tough. Quartz or 'flintS' is brit
tie like glass and soon grinds To- sand.
slate, gneiSS or Wcathercd grant" Il
soft and quickly disintegrates The
best stone in North Carolina for road
building is trap or "nigGer head" and
the next best hard granite. Where
these are not available softer granite
aud the better gneiss may be used. but
the life Of the metalling VIII not be- 50
long. Slate. schist and all manner Of
rotten stone have only the value OF
sand for road purposes.
The stone should be crushed in the
mill to sizes not exceeding 4 . IL
ring ana then separated by screen"I
into three classes. egg size. hickory
mt size, ana screenings These should
b- laid separately in successive lay
trs lightning with the largest size
and each layer rolled with the steam
roller. In the last rolling the Sprink
ling wagon should pIecede the steam
roller if the best results are to be OBJ
f1in'd Stone is spread 50 chat il Will
be ) inches thick on edges and "a
inches thick at center. This Will be
compacted under rolling about - pei
cent, giving q finished surface of stone
4 inches thick at edges and 8 inches
tlsi K along the middle line. The
three sizes are commonly laid III such
thickness as to use Ill the mill OUTPUT
with no excess Of any one size. About
= IL inches of egg size, 1-2 inches 81
nut size and | inch Of screenings viii
I.c tl.e proportion 10 be expected from
run Of mill with stone in common u g"
iplt his proportion varies with diifC.-
Cnt stone. These screenings should %
used for filler and when not sufficient
for his purpose a small quantity ot
sand and clay may be added loalr
should never be used for filler. II
gives q beautiful surface for time but
goes to pieces under action Of frost
leading To destruction Of the tight
metal surface If stone shall Dc
spread run of mill'' the larger stone
at the surface Will become lposencd
under traffic and the metalling rave
cat. making maintenance unreaspn-
q DlV expensive.
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23

ttaefuhrFs haas. largely sa tsss.sAa.
feropsr purfessse tnb. wa Aa4e
re.ade frsetas ef =. x.es1aee ~ aara
d ssaN ss~ghassv ghe ar - aaAt
~ tne money after * p, lJ thv
snutEN~ vu~ nure ana 1T ss.srsBs..n
motive Mut=a has eysa 1ssf.
tainted gnones Sail Pas a. ~ lbt
pu tHink guchrfellrFe fnuHsN
tainted Yes rep}lsf M8ht .#
hAn tv,s sasnss talut sears saf tstut
mine I.es ss~ 'asntlen ghv gh.ra Is ut
taiw nI~ II belongs 80 tHe u4h}te
and a. Those h0~l0e%e nasn would
prefer 10 proteet. th~ great hatg *
esincs~ guvu IS Ia ask uf thr I#W an5k
a S,guar- deal That ~ g hat / thst&
II that kinH - money } Au p5iluE
tu haze t spent foF - potter at}d
but I Wouldn't cafe "a ~ bnr.si thfsr
Just as human slavery MAS Nsuns
aud eveTs constitution vNeFS faa
evety decision ~ the court esera a-
~tttutlou. aud eAvn e&eft rlufut&G
quotation that upheld H ~ seem ts
uphold o. had u hc rs4nterfsfstst 80
smoke of battle tu blou1 aud in Tie
devastation - the land - All kf,at
combinations ~ capital that opute-s
and destroy though there ma ~
good men connected with th,w. are
wrong and viii ysteufuut.s be de-
stToNcd ar viii thcm@slNes hrlp fo de-
stroy th~ freedom - man ara thr iif.
of the Republic Men are too >lYt T.,
learn the lessons ~ history et f. ses vas
that .Jen nation must pas the fearful
price nf experience btfur, thc IatH-
ways ~ national righi"ou .ucss. ttn be
completely embIazou.d
The follow ing i% the official record
Of sales IN the Danyille market. the
cnly market il seeu4 that has a RECORD
back thirty four years
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23

and hardly dare call their heads their
own.
But / must desist. ! have no inter
est in this beyond that interest that
concerns every public and private man
in the affairs of his countryman, and
should cause every thoughtful man to
lend his influence to aid in securing
10 every man who tiils the soil or Ia
bOrs with his hands mis- rightfui re-
turn on his product and proper share
Of the proceeds Of his labor. This i
just.
As To Tainted Money.
I would be glad If / could believe
that the American Tobacco Company
has been a blessing TO the State. /
do not think that by any process OF
reasoning any one can come to such
"a conclusion There are many per-
SOnally excellent men in il. Some were
forced in to save themselves and their
business, though they would have
been glad 10 have kept out; some
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23
GOOD OLD SINNItI. TIME.
How an Editor Inxics the Barefoot
Boy in Spring Time.
(W. l.. Marshall in Progressive
Farmer.D

! dlIiiff-t
But To the felow who has passed
hopelessly out Of his teens. there IS
hardly ANYTHING more tantaliziug in
an the world than the freedom of
barefoot boy in spring time. An. "hht
memories ii calls back 70 your mind
You know exactly now cool ana clean
the lN-ploWcd earth fclt 10 your
feet when you dropped the corn aHa
how YOU would stretch your toes
apart and let them exult IN their n"N
freedom from the bondage Of copper
toed shoes, When 4 fellow grows up
there's little consolation IN having hlg
feet but when YOU are barefoot
boy il is q blessing for the reason that
a greater cXpanse Of YOUR human ie!-
rjtorv NAV come into contact with the
good rcd earth-or better &thl, the
cool clear water that babbles hy the
alder catkins ana that little mass Of
peppcrmint and calamus and pickcrcl
weed down by the spring branch
(Branch we say. for brook IS AT
imported ancctation not 10 be endured
among u.s. But. OF course. thor" 3r"
some draw backs to going barefoot
notably when You nave - 30 after ibs
calves or COWS and have To cross =
broomsagc field that has been burned
off or have to work in the rocky
field" on the hillside. By the way. the
"blue flags viii soon b. blooming
now, the snakes are beginning -
come forth again. the lizards viii soon
take sun baths along the rail fence-
and noW that dogwoods are blooming.
the cows that belong 10 shiftcss farm
ers take fresh courage since II - said
that no cow need starve after the dog
wood blooms The crows. moreover
are wal ching the Sprouting corn. and u
Is not likely that even our friend 'Rus
tic'' can convince our women readers
that hawks were not invented - the
devil for the express purpose OF try
ng the patience of women whose S%rdE
are now dotted with littl. fluffy chirp-
ing biddiee Just from the nest.
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23

and john Satterfield, and worked over
1000 hands. There is not one of
these factories in operation today. Yet
this is the chief town OF Senator Car
ter's district who with all the other
Republican Senators voted for the
continuation OF the trust. and thus
defeated the antitrust bill which it
was hoped would put an end to the
trusts fight on the farmer and the in
dependent manufacturer. The whole
section has less than a score of fac
tories Il NV and even some of these are
said TO be operated in connection with
the trust The American Tobacco
Company may not at this time be
making any strenuous fight on the
few remaining factories. it does not
need 10 do so: it already has the field
for the gra de of tobacco which was
manufactured in the section men
toned, and IS long as the sO-called in
dependents will be good they viii
perhaps not be seriously molested.
Nevertheless they stand in daily dread
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23
By John VI. HaYs, Civil Engineer

thoroughly and win never block up.
Where considerable quantity OF WA
ter must be provided for. large. pipe
are Indicated. \ well constructed road
never uses anything less than 20 for Il
culvert drain. Smaller sizes are likely
- choke up at the upper end with
floating material and go out Of ser
size when most needed.
Location on the sunny sid. III a hin
where the sun keeps the soil dr. and
the wind has fun play is a long step
towards good drainage With reason
ably good location ii rarely happens
that soil beneath road bed win require
more drainage than side ditches give.
These bitches should be broadly cut.
Even good stiff clay will cave in with
frost and rain if the slopes are less
than ] 10 !. II is much cheaper To
cut broadly at first than to clean out
when tnty shall have caved in Usually
this ditcning can be done with p.oW
and roa.d machine as grading is dor.
The ditch with fall Of one foot in lie
hundred viii drain freely.
The surfacing Of roads opens up a
long chapter which will be tOuChr,;
only briefly IN this limited paper Tile
North Carolina road builders are IN
tereStcd in but two classes of surfacing,
'sand-clay' and macadam or crushed
stone
The sand-clay method is TO be com
lnended where stone is not available,
as in Eastern Caroline and also
through those sections of Middle Caro-
lima where traffic is light and a great
extent of road demands improvement.
But sand-ciay if laid near Il large town
and subjected To heavy traffic viii be
disappointing.
Epon n foundation which has been
ell located ana well drained and well
rolled u few inches of selected loan
, cI sand worked into the old time clay
VIII give = good service for light tfdf-
fic. Likewise 4 few inches Of clay
Viii make loose sand firm anG easily
travelled when properly treated This
mixture of sand and clay may be
usually done by the passage of teams
2S the material. is SPREAD ard on!y
rarely Will ploWing-in or narrowing DC
required. When spread and graGed
the roller is applied and material con-
p&ctcd by continual rolling Till every
soft place shall be discovered dnd
made firm.
Two rollers may be used for this
work. The first q horse roller of foaT
or five tons followed by steam roller
Of ten or twelve tons. II the steam
roller shall be applied at the start ii
viii likely get "mircd" in the soft
earth and give much trouble. Ine
material must JIG firm before such
heavy machine can be operated
The horse roller should be a small
roller of cast-iron. solid, or a stone
roller, which may be readily operated
BY a single mule team The same end
may be accomplished by driving mules
| back and forth over the newly placed
Garth. The large reversible horse rCi-
Ter is cumberouS TO handle and by
reason of the extended pressing sur
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23
The Warehouse and the
Holding Plan.
THE VERY BACKBONE
President N,s4rv anal t'F,sessis.nt
~ ~miih - ia, ~"ath ant
North Carolina tuttna 49,
,saafnu Arv Ass4u~.
itE Ikusftsr~~

Mr Muafs ti.s ~. sidsnt - ths
>afth carolina n.taun "a n.e anth
era Cstf,n Association s. ,vfhef,
ANA rrsssJttHs ts uv d murh n4sussti
vufd. a. Is hustler sha Eass 81
thla@s Nstb 4 f&&"d o.tettu8uat 4on ta
accomplish his purtrse,
Iisast Hud -sut br = dseu tn thr
~"fh ot dct"lupiuR psett titn So the
interests ~ fhv iurH $40 T4tst tatt
Ion being thoroughly s9nyIu, that
~. prosperity y 90. N8nth f ited up
With tht fate II the great Whtle
staple ~. tN touring tAr Nt#ta anu
ia this work N4tu rfestaenf = a.
smith. ~ the south Carolina COTTON
Ass-yt anon. eeeklrr 81 haN. ptEattatd
romtsant thst Ntli bulla cattvu rtu-
.tal ~ helb rottuu ra,R -rasHu Hu Il
D. Ia tlHI ID o. f'alh Autth Us
4pvk. f3 r4ses 81 aUH 0HH t8Nttat Faf
fhtH pufustes bN tbs I'll tef %rptrfahs
- prptsst tHr cotton uf >uffh tAfas
slnH ftstu usprs eH. Aut5 'te rutf tb"
pTaposttlen uu ftlt.a ia mess pflnrt-
pies. cLumtuE tltAt tbs GOTHAM ia Hw
Southern 1f"epefitf. aud ihH, 4 tns
south Ha~ tbc brufu ta ,.u "a fha'
cam ha.t IL sotl fnr nhas ii Be- Wvtth
and uol rffunlu etltw tsvs zTst3 pisNfhfH#
~ thr 9aWbisF-a Speculation
SIR Moor. IN COMPANY Nih $50
y ~ smith. ~ Goiumbia IL tine
P,nsGai organize - ~" @puthffu
cotton $50, .atlou laF lafeis slaIt.s
Il numIt4 IS places Ia tNt saHsHTH aet.
tIUu ~ %ottA essufiu9 .ru 81 ut't4-
iuf with wonderful eu,. ss4 tn ths.
work 4 reporter got iu touch wtia
Ait smith. aua lu trEaId 90 hs w"tt
yn whish he :. engaged dr rWitt hAj
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23

the American Tobacco Company had
Paid the farmers the prices which
nineteen years had shown that manu-
facturers could pay them and not only
live, but flourish and build up their
CWn fortunes and the towns in which
they did business in the face OF fierce
competition with each other, it would
not have had this large sum to spend
in interfering With both Democratic
and Republican political matters. 1t is
proposed now to control or disrupt
the Democratic party next year in
the interest of trusts and their COM
raniOnS in industrial brigandage, and
although its president and chief repre-
sentative in North Carolina are both
Republicans, it will doubtless furnish
its share Of the sineWs of war TO the
new Gideon'S Band which has under
taken the job, a job to which Mr.
Buffers paper and other Republican
papers in the State have given their
hearty endorsement. There may be
good Democrats who are aiding this
n ovement who do not vet fully under
stand the far-reaching purpose its
leaders have in view, but when they
do. they will desert it like rats q sink
ing ship.
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23
What Make Thc~c Thing

Z liza. sas. = T.
ma, ,na5l, ~ ,b. mon,ea r,sn hu-
uee. ra.r mon Who ~, pulling Iaf
their ,t., b.uEsgs ,hU told me t4af
tin. postage fpr tho letters If theit b5-
ines. amounted a. sIy dalIN E.e per
,...t. .,,, t.-,, I ast,.d tb... 4,
mon et.b.t IN ,otir asset ,1ur ,ttr-
,e-,.,. s.Ittt mani. AMI e,,,.fs.fts Vtt.
tf,5ut-fsn sts I lattua tbaf th.s tu lh.5f
Inns, III. s.tuafIy i. uot Eua.. Grsf
IL th,. f,sittIuttau an ,,hI.b th.s hate
L,ttfg.a 49, 49,. 4dt.ut ,.bat Is tsa
r,t,y,.r maj nm ,..t,r fo..aI r.p.ti.rl.
n.,..1 -,i,r man a, fh, .-,t. ana t.t..
n.,yrt.fuI nre4v au5 th. sdffnf lYus#
bIaul sf moor Moore but N.. doe. rnf
answer
, - . s .,4t
L'ts ~ ',,'h 'n'
-" 81 ~, NJ 'i''
-
,..t,s,.,,,, :. -. ,,,s4.r nt
~. s.4,,, i. 80. ,,,.t ,...tt..,,. -, t.I.
,,t't .,,..I ,t ..#F,t ...,.- Goa,
44.b i fr.,I, - go. n ..,nr atar. 81.
-
- 49,
ta., ,s,....
r,r,,,,,'r, I,,t a,.t ,I,s,t ,h. d.,is r.,,.at
. h..t t....- -
-" ''' 49,
tH' 10
-. -. ~ .'n
thar docs this f"r ,"HE
S:io.ooo .iu-t iloai- Nuns.
"a isalfnp tf..4vsss man 80 v.9-
,,,f,,t..t .#,t.,t ~, . ,..e,-F .a8
,.ntnf, ~ 4s,l F.tE +r.tf. .ft#st
I..I 49,, ttrttt.t, .t.4ff.t. ,#trfte8
~ IN. tt .,.,t.... ,..t
,.t.,t f.,,,. ,.., f,sB. s,.L .Ea a.. tf
-sst.r g.. ms a. t.t. t.staa 80 >.rft
carl,ftua aafisn float.a ,s.u - th-
Att.rtI. IN, a..1r, .issa t.sr l.sl.
icrs thun lts inttInae 5smuef,4aI ysf-
uc Ea4o. .uu9 IN tvu baatr nsattf!s 4rss
from the q. l.-e aud daughter ~ fht,
producer ~ tHat which i4 MONEY
cash s-s. gold. at soon ae ii leaves
tn. press LII ths pIu rEsH.Bhv H4nttuE
away from the poseihill'y ~ putting
Tic Ncw~ aud bb--r'er in strry
The farmer and mechanic., 1907-04-23
Tobacco Trust in Politics.

The statement was openly made IN
the Senate this winter that the trust
defeated Hon. c.. Z. Watson for Uni
ted States senator on account OF the
part he took in the trial in the SUIT
against Mr. Duke and others. If that
IS true he is not alone and others
may expect to feel the point OF Its
Stilleto.
The President Of the United states
has inst stated that the American To-
hacco Company tried TO defeat ms
nomination, and, failing, afterwards
offered $4,000 TO the chairman or
the Republican Executive comnlltlee
to helm elect him. and that the money
was refused inferentially because ne
understood that this contribution 10
the campaign fund was intended 70
tie his hands in prosecutionG it, II
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-06
In Praise Of Everhart.

Grand Forks Press: North Dakota
viii be represented at the Jamestown
exposition largely through the efforts
of former citizen, who during his
residence in the state won the reputa-
ton of being booster for everything
that was North Dakota This man is
Charles Everhart, who some time ago
conceived the idea of erecting a North
Dakota building on the exposition
grounds. This was done with his own
means, and the structure is one Of the
best state buildings on the grounds to
represent western commonwealth.
The general assembly by concurrent
resolution has named Mr.. Everhart as
the North Dakota commissioner to the
exposition, and he will be supplied
| with the state exhibit that has attract
world wide notice at both the st. Louis
and the Portland expositions. It is
doubtful if a man could be selected
| who will be in position to more clearly
present the many attractive features
I of the state. That North Dakotans
will be given warm welcome at the
jamestown exposition is equally Ger,
tain.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-06
One Secret Of the Value Of Old Violins

The best strings for .violins are of
italian make, and are from the intes-
tines Of spring lambs, killed in Sep.
TENDER. The process Of drying ana
bleaching of the woods and strings by
the hot Italian sun, rather than by the
artificial method used in other. coun-
tries, accounts in great measure for
the superior quality of both materials.
This intense heat was also the reason
for the slow distillation of the oils
used by the Italian makers, which al
ways remained at high temperature,
and the varnish, slowly soaking into
the woods Of the violins beneath the
heat Of those Italian summers, pro-
duced, in part. the mellowness Of tone
that gives Cremona instrument its
value, after lapse Of two hundred or
more years. Elizabeth Mitchell
Stephenson, in the March Circle s
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-06

the bottle Mr.. HamIin says that Mr..
johnson grasped it eagerly and poured
out full glass, as much as three or
four ordinary drinks. That seemed to
calm him, and he sat down for the
first time since entering the room.
Within a very few minutes the outgo-
ing and the incoming vice presidents
were summoned to the senate cham
Der, but before starting Mr.. Johnson
helped himself to another dose quite
as large as the first. Then he took
Mr.. Hamlin's arm and they marched
to the desk of the vice president.
where they stood side by side in the
presence of both houses of congress,
President Lincoln and his cabinet, the
members of the supreme bench and
other officials of the government, with
the galleries crowded with spectators.
Mr.. Hanlin Delivered dis valedicf
tory in two or three minutes. He then
introduced his successor, and Mr..
Johnson, drawing a manuscript from
his pocket, began to read. AT first his
voice was clear and his enunciation
distinct, but the fumes Of the liquor
and the high temperature Of the SEN
ate chamber very soon began to affect
him. Mr.. Hamlin says that his tongue
became thick. his vision obscured, and
he began to tumble his notes. He
dropped two or three pages upon the
floor which were picked up by a page,
but he became SO confused in handling
his manuscript that he abandoned it
altogether and continued to speak ex-
temporaneously. Very soon his Ian
guage became incoherent, and Mr..
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-06
FARGO GRANTS, FRANCHlzE
At Last the Independent Telephone Company Secures
TWeHty-Year Franchise from the City Council

ness must conform with the desires of
the city council, provided that the re-
strictions upon this company shall be
the same as on other companies.
The ordinance fully protects the city
and has been carefully gone over by the
mayor, city attorney and each alder
man, so that all connected with its pas
sage are thoroughly acquainted with its
provisions.
The ordinance provides that the city
shall have the use of two long distance
telephone booths free of charge for of
fetal business of the city officials.
1t provides that the city shall receive
annually two and one-half per cent OF
the gross earnings of the company upon
business originating in the city. As
Fargo is the second city in the world in
the distribution Of agricultural irnple-
ments, and alarge proportion of this
! business is conducted by long distance
telephone, and as practically every bust:
ness man wanted the new company.
long distance service, it can be readily
seen that the city will gain largely b.
granting the franchise. 1t is stated b,
officials Of the company that fully on
hundred cities and towns Of the stat,
will be brought into closer communica
! ton with the city by the connections Q
the independent company.
The members of the city council actet
on behalf of the business interests Q
the city and consequently the entire city
and deserve much credit for grantinI
the franchise to the telephone company