davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15
MECHANICS OF STOMACH.
German Physiological. Make FL

German Psychologists Make Ell.
haustive study of Digestion.
Until quite recently practically all
the studies Of digestion have been con-
fined to an investigation of the chemi-
cal changes going on in the digestive
tract. Several German Psychologists
have lately turned their attention to
the study of the mechanics of the
stomach digestion, and have arrived at
most remarkable and interesting con-
illusions, which are widely different
from the theoretical teaching that has
prevailed in the past.
Starting with animals, the work has
progressed to include human processes
as we'll The primary work was done
with animals who were killed and their
stomachs Immediately frozen, so that
the exact conditions prevailing In life
could be investigated at leisure.
Grutzner, who was one of the earliest
workers in this field, concluded that the
stomach contents was divided into lay
ers, the food taken last being surround
ed by food taken earlier and thus pro-
tected for time from contact with the
stomach walls. In effect, one portion
of the stomach, the so-called fundus,
constitutes storage section, where the
conversion of the starch particles Into
sugar by the action of saliva is con-
tinued without admixture with the gas
trio juices.
Recent experiments have confined the
position in the abdominal cavity and
other conditions.
In support of their contention that
the stomach does not mix its contents,
they adduce the fact that starch d.
gestion of herbivorous or vegetable
feeding animals may progress actively
at the heart end Of the stomach where
Tactic acid Is present in abundance, and
other fermentations are taking place,
though 1t ceases in other portions where
hydrochleric acl1 is present.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

sir or seven men with hoes, while the
seed drill opens the rows, plants the
seeds, covers them and marks the next
row at speed equal to a slow walk.
It is now easier to plant an acre with
seed than to perform the work Of, one7
tenth that area with the old methods;
Then there are hand cultivators ana
weeders which assist. Some OF the COM
bined Implements are made In such 9
manner as to be quickly converted Into
seed drill, wheel hoe, cultivator. rake
or weeder, as required. There are also
horse hoes, adapted to garden WORK.
while the hand tools, such as hoes,
etc, have been greatly improved. y
may be safely asserted that With thess
advantages within reach Of the farmer
there are a great many who have not
| adopted them, and who do not give the
garden much attention, continuing to
live on the plainest fare. while they
could easily supply themselves with Az
the food luxuries that can be produced
on the farms in their section.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

Orange-colored canaries are becom-
ing more and more popular. The proc
ess to turn canary's feathers orange
is simple one. With its food Is mixed
a small quantity of cayenne pepper,
and In a few weeks or months the feath-
ers change color. II the pepper ls Civ
en- to the bird when 1t is young more
vivid color will be obtained.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

while the woman with grief ggng her heart rue around with
object in the
quite likely
we'll the thing
of neigh
they will getting
thing about in shape husbands WIFE
victim
herself with feeling this myself
in the habit subject
fascinating
they fingng realize
how they little
pose
Chicago Journal
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

After the ground is plowed and har-
rowed the work required in the garden
crops, In proportion to the value of
products derived, has been greatly las
sened, for the former slow and labor
!ous work of the hoe Is now quickly
performed by the wheel hoe, as men
toned above, with which one man
can perform the wQrk formerly dope BY
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15


Although the phenomenon has been
observed since man has existed, the
true nature of sleep and what causes
1t are practically mysteries to-day. All
recognize the necessity of sleep and
know that it is the sovereign remedy
for fatigue stirred natures sweet re-
storer."
This fact has led to the, theory that
sleep is induced by the poisons which
are known to be formed and passed ln-
to the blood stream during wearying
exercise of mind or body. The theory
is that these polsons benumb the
nerye-center controlling the circulation
in the brain, with consequent reduc-
ton in the blood supply this zane
mia" OF the brain produces uucon-
seriousness, or. sleep, during which the
activities Of body and mind are re-
pressed, the formation Of fatigue pol
sons" is arrested, and those already
formed and circulating in the blood are
eliminated.
When this has taken place the pr l.
fed blood again nourishes and stiniu-
lates the circulation center. an in
creased volume of blood flows to the
brain, and the subject awakes, renew
ed In spirit and flesh, and ready for
the labors of the day.
This explanation is only theoretl-
cal one, but 1t is plausible. Whatever
| may produce 1t and whether 1t Is a
cause or an accompaniment. we know
that lessened blood supply in the
brain Is associated with healthy sleep,
and that cerebral excitement and con-
gestion must be overcome before nor-
NAL sleep can take place.
The relation of the circulation to
sleep is seen In the alternate drowsl-
ness and insomnia Of the very aged.
While sitting up they are drowsy and
cannot keep their eyes open, but the
minute they lie down the power to
sleep forsakes them. This is probably
due to the fact that the arteries have
lost their tone. While the subject sits
up the blood sinks away from the brain
because the weakened heart Is unable to
overcome the pull of gravity; but when
he lies down the blood trlckles into the
vessels of the brain and the smaller ar.
teries are passiyely dilated by Its pres
sure. OF course the process is not quite
so purely mechanical as this, for no one
could live with such fiabby arteries, but
the force OF gravity does act in a meas
lure.
The treatment of this form of insora
MIA Of the aged is not in the giving Of
Ihypnotics, but of something that vii
tone up the blood vessels, such as cuI
Of hot beef tea, of not too strong tea, o.
even of weak coftee-a paradox, sine,
these things are usually supposed to b,
nimical to sleep Youths Companion
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

other woman had long desired-that
of millionaire's wife and social
queen, as well. So, the newspaper lost
its fashion writer and she became Mrs.
Henry Siegel.
Mrs. Siegel was Southern girl, Ma
rie Vaughan. She was married to
George M. Wilde, who was a brother
of Rear Admiral Wilde, U. S. N. One
daughter, born of that union. is the
wife of brother of Prince Luigi de
Frasso Dentice, of the Italian nobil-
ity. A step-daughter. Julie Siegel, re-
Gently married an Englishman of ia
nous lineage, Tyrell, William Cayen-
dish.
The siegels have house on Park
Lane, London; country home in Ma
maroneck, Westchester County, and a
handsome residence at Eighty second
street and Madison avenue, New York.
Mrs. Siegel has won more than one
blue ribbon for her saddle horses and
Is most daring and accomplished
horsewoman. She is graduate of the
woman's law class of New York Uni.
versity and the author of novel; So.
cially she Is as ambitious as is her ia.
nous husband along commercial lines
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15
Too Roomy.

aGraclous !" exclaimed the econom-
ical mother, 81 thought had cut down
this old suit of your fathers SO it
would fit you, but it seems entirely too
large yet"
eyes, ma" replied the bright boy,
Especially the wide ex-pants.' The
Catholic Standard and Times.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

"Maine has woman who is pro-
fessional lobster catcher"
ST all tales are true New York has
many Of them Houston Post.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15
WOMEN WHO ARE ADDICTED TO THE ovERwoRK HABIT

Have you ever contemplated and marveled at
the nervous woman's passion for oyerwork and
speculated upon the ACCESSIBILITY Of taking legal
methods for curing her of II? 1t seems to me
that If, when the Victim Of the oyerwork habit
shows a disposition to go upon rampage, she
were simply corralied by big policeman and
taken to rest cure establishment for a few
days 1t would be blessing for society In gen.
eral. Have you ever noticed that when a wom-
an is afflicted with the work habit, the scker
she gets the harder she works, until she falls
"all of heap" wreck from nervous prostra.
ton, or, what is far better, dead and gone to
an untimely grave?
Unhappness is frequent cause of overwork.
The happy woman is prone to sitting down on
Sthe back door steps in fine weather, watching
the Pickering shadows of a vine or tree, play
ing with the cat or idly following the flight of
Irdc kl,n oIo In, fhn- "
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15
ON DRESS PARADE.

De Lily dress up all in white,
De Yi'let primp In blue,
De Rose put on a gown. err red
En- say: y sweet ez you!"
En- den dey had picnic
De weather look so fine;
But de blizzard blow de sleet en- snow,
En- de sun fergit ter shine!
De Lily shake en- shiver-
De Rose say: "How is your
En- de Vi'let-he make answer:
II feelin' powerful blue!"
En- still de blizzard BLOWN
Des toss 'em lef' en- right,
En- dey went ter bed en- kivered
Wild n freczin' sheet er whitel
Atlanta Constitution.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

"When that new theater in your town
was opened was the house papered?'
"Oh, dear, mol 1t was all frescoed."
Baltimore American,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

Fctty OF HE'D Abt0ad.s-71-1-7,
Chinese coolies are being imported
Into Germany as farm laborers. The
labor situation, says the Industrial In
telligence, is scarcely any better than
in the farm districts On all sides the
manufacturing and mining interests are
complaining that owing to the scarcity
of labor they cannot keep up with their
orders. Farmers complain that they
are not able to save their crops for lack
of farm labor.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

Editor-That new man puts such an
unusual amount of fresh stuff into his
work.
Seasoned Reporter-That's only be-
cause he's SO green.-Baltimore Ameri.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15
fence expresses more than whole hours

OF conversation.
.rcome in, jack" she whispered. 81
want you to-"
Forgive me, DEAR" he answered,
while they were waiting for the door
to open, II was wholly to blame-it
was my fault"
mo, Jack" she quickly interrupted,
!" all mine. But, dear" little roguish
smile showing through the still undrled
tears, "you will always remember that
you spoke first, won't you7"-Boston
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

n. ,a.,, live .tock Intellirently. dos
not raor,ro ! farmer to he a scientist.
nat no should andeavor to fam,liarixe
!; sai, With .ome az the terms used.
!. c,o ss,,ys rho different Qualities Of
,ood eor .tocr Farmers do NOT appre-
c,ota s,ch exnress,ons as "albumi-
,o,s. /. ..corho. hydra too /. otto YET M.
~ ali, nv, ,o5as sof exnression are sim.
Mo ond omhody naorlv nil Tho constI-
tut,ona, ele,nants that enter into foois
CROWN nnon the farm for stock feeding.
Some foods are fnt producing. such Al
corn While others promote the deyel-
onment q, MUSCLE hone and nerves.
snch 40 clover All food, are classified
Under annronr,ote heads each ranking
=, . s.s, - - ,ts ,,,tro,ar carhon
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

What has become of the old-fash-
Toned girl who gave her lover lock
Of her hair for remembrance
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15
she HAD NenrIy Warmed II.

One cold winter night kind old
Southern lady, remembering that there
were no steam heaters in her maids
room, and wanting her to keep warm
said:
MARY, you must take a hatiron to
bed with you"
Next morning, when she came down
to breakfast, she asked:
"Well, Mary, how did you get along
with the iron last night?"
well, ma'am. l got 1t most warm
before morning. Judges Library.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

i, - $500. 49, - - -. .,Sr--si
Tue elhciency OF various coMpinatlohs
OF corn ana other reeds, such as corn OFT Z
slower oat straw5and clover nay. COM
nion.y avuliapie on lhuiaha tarMs, wa
o 'i ear corn ana Clover nay tne az
erase oaiiy gam per Steer IN the 10y
luys ol the TEST was 1gs po itlei on
SAT corn' snreudeu corIl stoset' oas !.
straw ana iltlie lihseea meal, tne I,
gam was i.'e POUNDS per nead per gay.
anu on similar ration W'thoue .lnseea
lleai Tue gum was l.oo pouhus' tue cost
u lounu VI gam az Tue tnrets 50 cast's
pe'lg o.o9' so ana o.4o cents. : ns
sil,a!ies. gam ration, 90 poulus, Wa
ied 70 the lot receiving ear corn, snred-
iued slower ana oat straw. ana tne arg Nt0!s
esl .at.on' @o.ao pouhas 70 Tue lol sls-.l
gu .ile lihstu meal. lie
coarse fodder. S.3o rounds, sl
Pigs sufficient In number to gather
the undlgested feed, followed the steers
and produced 2.10 pounds of pork per
DuSIlel OF GOTH Oh IIe clOYGE-uuy aEAItOIls
los pounds on the ration containing
linseed meal, and LIS pounds on the
ear corn, shredded slower and oat straw
ration.
Some Of the conclusions drawn were
in effect as follows: The ear corn,
shredded slower and oat straw ration
was neither efficient, economical nor.
profitable. The addition Of a nitro
genous feeding stuff, either in the form
Of concentrated food or course fod-
der, added to the efficiency of the RAJ
ton and the profit Of the feeder. The
concentrated feeds tested, namely, Glow
er hay and llnseed meal, both proved
satisfactory. The steers fed the ration
containing linseed meal were as we'll.
finished as those receiving the clover
hay ration, although they made smaller
gains.
~
me sa.ue OF ha 'll'lif
Inc preservation OIL manure is one
OF the sources ols plohe III farming.
Inc Yalue OF manure uel'enus. upon tne
iiialiiier ~ WHICH, =. 20 ple s's aiiu
the quaHty OF matter from whlch It 10
createu. no Two manure heaps are
allke IN composi9ion, nor are the re-
SUITS from manure UNIFORM as many
suppose. FARMERS may MOI always ~
III POSITION 70 eontroi me quality OF the
feed they allow, Dut, Wnetner II be
good OF Daa, u is important that all
manure manure pe careIuiiy preserved IN order
ehal " may oeieht tue farmer and
eIrich tne SOIL. YIN nearly an farms
the manure ana iitter are thrown In
q neap IN the Darhyara, the eornstalks
anu seraw Deihs aaueu 70 increase the
ouik, anu 70 ass!sl IN absorbing the
ilquia ana Yoiatile substances TAI II is
q We .l = lacI tnat no manure can
supply pant Iooa Until u undergoes a
cnange anu returns 70 IT'S primitive
element IN s assuming SUM lts nrst form the
orlgihai substances COMBINE, creating
sai's ana yoiat'ies matter, IN the soil
,ne sa''s ae ,tna ana me volatile
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1907-05-15

Swallowing your indignation will not
satisfy your thirst for revenge,
The Florida agriculturist., 1907-06-26

infested sooner than they would if the
insect we're entirely dependent upon the
citrus fruit trees for it's food supply.
When the pest is once established in
a section where Chinaberry and Um-
brella trees are accessible, remedial
measures OF any kind in the groves
are more or less offset by the mi
grafton of the adults, for these migra-
tions, as has been shown, the China
berry and Umbrella trees are largely
responsible | can heartily endorse any
attempt to obtain concerted action to-
ward the elimination OF such serious
menace to orange growing interests.
Very truly,
A. w. MORRILL,.
The Florida agriculturist., 1907-06-26
DO YOU WANT TO BUY
The Best
Fruit and Truck Farm
in Florida
At a Great Sacrifice J?
Can be Made TO Pay for
Itself in One Year.

Forty acres, cleared, fenced and drained.
Four acres sub-irrigated on which can be
produced any vegetable that can be grown.
Similar land at Sanford, planted to celery,
lettuce, ETC., yields $1,000 to $4,000 per acre.
Artesian well on premises from which wa
ter is piped entire inclosure.
Grapefruit, oranges and Tangerines, of su-
perior varieties Which should yield 1000 to
1900 boxes this year. Also 100 fine pecans
just coming into bearing.
House, outbuildings and all improvements
modern and up-to- date.
Transportation facilities the best, being
located two lines of railroad and the
st. Johns river.
The manager of the Agriculturist is
thorized to furnish the address and give di-
rections for reaching the premises to anyone
desiring to purchase such place.
The Florida agriculturist., 1907-06-26
A Farmers Creed.

The following farmers creed, formu-
lated nearly three quarters of CEN
tury ago by Henry Ward Beecher,
the famous patriotic and pulpit orator,
and one Of the first editors of the
Indiana Farmer, holds good today as
we'll as then:
eve believe in small farms and
thorough cultivation.
1--WE believe that soil loves to eat,
as we'll as its owner, and ought, there
fore, to be literally fed
I'VE believe in large crops which
leave the land better than they found
lt-making the farmer and the farm
both glad at once.
I'VE believe in going to the bottom
OF things, and, therefore, in deep ploW-
ing and enough Of it, All the better
with subsoil ploW.
1--WE believe that every farm should
own a good farmer
1--WE believe that the best fertilizer
for any soil is a spirit of industry, en-
terprise and intelligence. Without this
manure, mari and guano, will be Of
little USE
1--WE believe in good fences, good
DdIllS, SOOQ Idrm houses, good stock,
good orchards, and children enough
to gather the fruit
1--WE believe in a clean kitchen,
neat wife in it, a clean cupboard, a
clean dairy, and clean conscience.
I'VE firmly disbelieve in farmers that
will not improve; in farms that grow
poorer every year; in starving cattle;
in farmers boys turning into clerks
and merchants; in farmers daughters
unwilling to work, and in all farmers
ashamed Of their vocation, or who
drink whiskey until honest people are
ashamed Of them Indiana Farmer.
Day by day the reports from the
prospective orange crop grow better
and better Two million boxes is a
talr estimate at this date.-Tampa
The Florida agriculturist., 1907-06-26
5 ODta111ed:

10 leaflets, with heavi-
est lnfestation 746 SO 1 II
10 leaflets, with light
est ir1festatIon 60 12 O 1S
Average per leaflet :. 40 5 12
On each leaf, consisting of about
ninety leaflets, approximately $500 in
sects matured If we consider that
this represents the average for all the
leaves, the total number Of adults which
emerged from the single tree would
be about 100000. In order to be
safely on the side of conservatism,
however, we may consider the leaflets
showing the least infection as rep
resenting the average condition OF the
leaves throughout the tree. This
would give us 10,SOO,O0O as the number
OF adults the tree produced
Prof. P. H. Rolls, director of the
Florida Experimental Station, in
recent communication to the Florida
Agriculturist, September 10, 1906,
states that it was estimated that
certain Umbrella tree bore about twen-
ty thousand leaves, each consisting of
about ninety leaflets. In mid summer
a leaf which appeared to represent
about the average condition Of infeSta-
ton had upon it 1897 larvae visible
to the naked eye, besides numerous
smaller larvae, visible only by the use
OF a lens In order to base the est
innate on actual observation Prof. Rolls
modestly stated that the i11fe station was
approximately twenty million, leaving
out of consideration three-quarters of
tla +Ioot
examination.
On the Chlnaberry and other de-
clduous food plants the insects are
practically free from attack from the
three fungus diseases, popularity known
as the red, yellow and brown fungi
The ten leaves referred to had only
one larva for each nine thousand de-
stroyed by the red fungus, although
the red and yellow fungi were pre-
valent in nearby groves. The brown
fungus would probably be even less
efficaclous, and spraying is obviously
impracticable as a method of check
ing the excessive multiplication Of the
white flies on the Chinaberry and Um-
brella trees.
My observations have led me to
thoroughly believe that the doing away
with the Chinaberry and Umbrella
trees in growing sections is
an essential step i'll the control Of the
white fly. This insect is often assist
ed in establishing itself in new terri
tory by these trees, in which it may
first be harbored and if not entirely
responsible for the successful estab-
lishment OF the insect, they will al
most certainly result in neighboring
citrus groves becoming thoroughly
The Florida agriculturist., 1907-06-26
The Chinaberry Tree and the White Fly

The following letter on the subject
OF white fly and Umbrella and China
berry trees was dated last October,
but has just been given to the public,
through the columns of the Reporter
Star, last week. We think it of suf
flcient Importance to give it a place
in Our columns.
Orlando, Fla, Oct. 20, 1906.
DR.. P. Phillips, Orlando, Fla,
Dear Sir:-I have at hand your let
ter OF the 21st inst, in which you ask
for an expression of my opinion as to
the damage to orange growing inter
ests by the Chinaberry and Umbrella
trees in white fly infested sections.
TO appreciate the Importance OF the
Chinaberry and Umbrella trees as
breeding place for the white fly it
must be realized that the citrus white
fly has a very limited number OF food
plants in addition to citrus trees. There
is no native plant upon which this
white fly breeds in sufficient number
to justify us in Supposing it to be
its original food plant Common re-
ports OF the insect breeding on vari
Gus plants in hammocks are almost
invariably erroneous, and should not
be.credlted, unless the insect has been
identified by an entomologist Of the
seventy known species of white fly
which occur in the United States, only
few can be positively determined in
the adult or winged stage, the diff
terent species being characterized by
Structural differences, frequently mi
croscopic, in the immature stages.
The Chinaberry and Umbrella trees
are favorite host plants Of the citrus
white fly and the adults Of the spring
brood which mature on the non-de-
ciduous trees are attracted to these
in considerable numbers. By the time
Of the emergence of the second brood
Of adults the leaves of the Chlnaberry
and Umbrella trees have matured so
that they no longer furnish as strong
all attraction to egglaying females, and
a migration takes place, with partic-
ularly disappointing results to the
citrus fruit grower who has been ex-
pending time and money in controlling
the pest in his grove. The vast ma
Jorlty Of the insects that appear on
the wing in Orlando in midsummer
come from the Chinaberry and Um-
brella trees. In towns farther north,
where there are no citrus groves to
add to the number of migrating flies,
I have seen them develop in China
berry trees SO that they filled the air
in even greater numbers than in Or
lando. An orange grower cannot hope
to successfully cope with the pest when
he has these migrating adults to con-
tend with.
A few observations have been made
which go toward explaining the ele
ments of danger in the trees under
consideration.
On the leaves of citrus fruit trees
not infected with the fungus diseases
it is seldom that under normal con-
ditions an average Of more than 81
per cent of the insects reach maturity
and frequently the number is not more
than l per cent. On the other hand,
on the Chnaberry and Umbrella trees
the percentage OF mortality is COM
parative1y small, and not only is the
foliage more dense, but under normal
conditions it is capable Of producing
more adults in proportion to its leaf
surface. From an Umbrella tree on
Orange avenue in this city, estimated