The independent., 1907-04-18
I I'VE S TOCK

be due to the fact that the navel has
closed, which prevents Infection. More
losses occur where the stables are
not kept clean and are badly drained and
where the ventilation is poor, than
where sanitation is more perfect. For
a long time the idea that this dis
ease could be transmitted through
filthy stables was resented, but the
Investigations have clearly shown that
the greatest danger exists where. SAM.
tation is neglected
Symptoms. There is a loss Of ap-
petite a watery discharge from the
anus. the animal is restless, there is
an Intellectual straining to pass dung,
and the animal bellows and Sc sms IL
be in distress The discharge is of
a light color; later it becomes a dark
brown. Particles of coagulated milk
may be discharged In the latter
stages it has a very offensive odor.
The animal becomes weak, and ex-
haustion is very rapid. There may be.
conyulsions, the eyeballs become sunk
en-, the hair is rough, and the gem
eral signs of approaching death ap--
pear. Death usually results in from
twelve to thirty-six hours. When this
disease becomes established it spreads
very rapidly and may continue on a
farm for a number of years. The
LESSONS that are chiefly affected are
the intestines and the fourth storl-
ach. Che ntestincs show a catarrahal
condition and the blood vessels are
highly congested. The mucous mem
brane is of dirty cray or yellowish
color The possibility of the infec-
ton by mouth is quite reasonable but
the fact that animals that have never
tasted food become affected with
scours contradicts this theory and
makes the infection by the navel
more probable; and again, the very
successful preventive treatment where
the navel of newborn calves and
colts has been thoroughly disinfected
has readily proven that the navel
is the medium Of infection. The
sanitary conditions, therefore, should
be made perfect, the stables and COR
rails should be kept clean, and the
navel of newborn animals through
ly disinfected as soon after birth as
possible. The method that has proven
successful is as follows: Upon the ar
rival of the calf the navel is i'm
mediately given a .t preliminary
disinfection with lukewarm water and
soapsuds, then a string is tied tightly
around the navel 2 12 inches from the
body and the end of the navel scared
with hot iron so that it is entirely
closed up Where this is not done
the navel can be disinfected by the
use of a solution Of one ounce Of tine
ture of iodine and two ounces of
glycerin, applied once a day until the
navel has healed, or the entire navel
may be painted over, when the hair
has been clipped from it, with iodo-
form collodion. When these preventive
measures have been strictly adhered
to, the loss has subsided Immediately.
As to curative measure little can
be said. Professor Otis of Kansas
recommends dried blood, a teaspoonful
three time a day.
DIR. Kline in Bulletin No. 122 of the
South Carolina experiment station
recommends the following: "The con-
dition demands method of treatment
| that can reach and destroy the Der
mentative and putrefactive bacteria
whether they are located in the milk,
in unclean feeding vessels or in the
! stomach or bowels of the calf The
| addition of formalin by German in
| vestigator to cows milk intended for
the nourishment of infants to protect
them against tuberculosis infection,
suggested the use of formalin for this
| disease. Investigation developed that
In laboratory experiments it had been
|
to 4,0G0 parts of milk did not Interfere
with the action of any of the digestive
ferments in dgesting the milk. In
! another experiment milk containing
| the drug in this proportion, 1000, was
| fed to calves for over a month with
out any injurious effect upon the di-
gestive organs. Contrary to interfer-
ing with the digestive function, for
main, in this amount, appeared to
| favor It, for the milk containing the
formaln was more completely diges-
ted than the milk without Ii. The eff
feet OF formalin on the bacteria of
milk had also been tested and It was
| found that one part OF formalin in
1000 parts OF milk would prevent the
development of the common bacteria
of milk.
1T was, therefore, decided to try the
effect OF formaiin in this proportion
In the treatment OF milk-fed calves
4 affected with "scours," To make the
administration Of the drug as con-
I N.ttttaNt ma nnuaihlr a. ktag Iflutad tVifh