davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
New York Markets.


 FLouR-Dull and about steady: Min. nesota patents, s4.log4 435; winter straights, S.Sa35o; winter extras, s2Sod3; winter pWHEAT@Market sold off at the open- ing under the bearish Jones report and the Price Current fine weather and large Minneapolis stocks later there was a rally en covering and in sympathy. with TALLoWSsteady; City, sAc.; country. HAY-steady: shipping 75as5c,; good to STR 'sTRAWDsteady at eoassc.
 BEANs-Quiet; marrow. 210;. medium. M.saI.so; pea, A.f,sal.5o; red kidney
 Wooi..steady; domestic fleece, s5assc.
 HOPS-Dull; state, common to choice
 BUTfER-creamery, extras. per pound. sUoaiS aaotsaion. extras. seeS; rsis ssasoc' % see. onds. 2eG27c. thirds. 22GAc.: held. extras. thirds. ag21c.: state. dairy, tubs. fresh, eommon nss' sss'9s ss fair, sHHSas. sHS.s to prime ss' ored, September, fancy, l5c.; white. 14Ac.: 1: colored, small; October; best; l.al4Hs; ss !; lsMc.; t' winter made. average best i2as.; large, September. fancy. HAc;; October. hest l3AQ14Ac.;. good to prime. 12AQ is bss nfsrgf .Sim, ,s,sf Ss. sst .ks palt skins prime. slaQsc. fair to good. 7dSc.; common, 4iid6lsc.; full skins. 2Q3c.
 EGGS-State. Pennsylvania and nearby. selected, white. fancy, HQ2c.. choice. lslsd2oc,; brown and mixed. extra. isQ les. l6Gl7c.: checks. 156l5Ac.. duck s9gs. good to choice. 35Q4oc.: inferior. 2392tc.; oi PooiTAfsoEs~ouiet. but steady; Psnn- sylvania. choice. per bushel. 55d5Sc.: New York and western. choice, per bushel. 50V 53c.; do., fair to good. 45G4Sc.
 LIVE POULTRY-Firm and in good de- mand: fowls 15iaafl6Isc.: old roosters. 1o0 ilc.;. roasting chickens. 1l416hc.; winter chickens 22d25c. ducks, 16n11c.
 DRESSED POULTRY = Firm and in good demand fowls. choice. 14iic.; do.. fair to good. 13itdl4c.: old roosters. 1oc.; nearby chickens. roasting l5dl6c.: vest ern. do., do.. 13I15c. nearby turkeys. choice to fancy. 1S1ac.: do. western. do., l101sc.; do.. fair to good. 15Ql6c.: nearby ducks, I4Gl5c: do.. western. 1edi4c: nearby geese. 1od12c.: do.. western, 9di2c.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
THAW HAS PARANOIA
Dr. Macdonald Calls Whites
 Slayer Incurably Insane.
JERONE'S PERSONAL EXPLANATION.
Expert Swears That Accused Had Faint of lnsanity and Epilepsy In His Rloed and Is Now
 . Crazy Man.

NEW YORK, March 22.-District At torney Jerome when court opened pre- scented to Justice Fitzgerald eight af- fidavits in support of the suggestion he had made in the case of Harry K. Thaw that the defendant is now in such a state of lunacy or insanity as to be incapable of understanding the proceedings against him or making his defense.
 Justice Fitzgerald pithily pointed out that there had been opportunities for Jerome to get at the truth before and he had neglected them and asked the district attorney for an explanation.
 A week ago. when he secured from his experts their statements that Thaw was victim of paranoia and was prac- tically incurable, he might have brought 1t out. -
 Justice Fitzgerald evidently felt that he had not been dealt with fairly.
 Mir. Jerome in presenting many affi- davits called particular attention to one signed by Dr. Carlos F. MacDon- aid, who after reciting what he has witnessed in court, his observations of Thaw immediately after the tragedy and what he has learned as to epilepsy and insanity in various branches of the Thaw family declares that he is firmly convinced that Thaw is suffering from paranoia and that, while he knew enough to realize the nature and quail ity of his act when he shot and killed
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Mrs. F. NJ. L.m.on sso, H.r..,t.

BOSTON. March 22-Mrs. Fred NJ. Lamson. the wife of the assistant cash fer of the Temple PIsce branch of the Old colony Trust company of this city. committed suicide here by shooting in the women's lavstory in Young's hotel. Mrs. Lsmson left private sanitarium on Wednesday. where she has been under treatment for nervous disease for the past four years Her body was found by maid. Mrs. LsmsOn was thirty five years old.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
T,,.,.. e., s,s.ooo T, Jewel.

ORANGE. \. T. Nspch s2-Efeht- cen thousand dollars worth of jeweIry was stolen from the home of Charles Morgan. son of the founder of the Morgan steamship lines. st bis home here. Mrs. Mo-xsn found drawer in her dresS,-e table dis-urhed. and in ,es.js.tion slowed that her tevel hzx -ss missing. 1t contained q diamond brsoc'et vsl1ei ct sacsl. a necklace st s2osn a seoc1d brsceBet vsIDed st sz0o snd many pieoes of jereIry of lssser uvrth-
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Governor Need Not Pny Rent.

LINCOLN. Neb.. March 22. The state supreme court decided that Gov ernor Sheldon need not pay s1O0 a month as rent for the executive man sion. The suit was brought by the at torney general at the request of the governor to determine whether a free house for the governor is not equiv alent to giving him a perqusite for bidden by the constitution.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Hughes and the National Guard.

ALBANY. \. Y. March 22.-Govern- or Hughes has authcTized these mem. bers of the national guard to attend the Interstate National Guard associa ton meeting at Columbia. s. C.. March 25-2G. as delegates from New York state: Major Newton F. Turgeon. Sev- enty-fourth regiment. Buffalo: Captain David Wilson. Second battery: Captain John M. Thompson. Ninth regiment. and Lieutenant Henry C. Wilson. Sev- enty-frst regiment. all of New York city
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
In. w.bcr Pobbed of sIo. .ooo

NEW YORK. March William J. Hayden. twenty-eight years old. a bookkeeper employed by Joe Weber. tho theatrical proprietor and manager. has been arrested on charge of grand larceny. Hayden confessed to his cm. ployer that by falsifying his accounts for the last eighteen months he had robbed him of S1O.0o0. which he lost principally by playing the races.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Discipline.

No amount of mere organization CT of educatiorsI specialties can take the the place of the function ia education that is coordinate with tutelsse. dis cirIine- It can safety De asserted that discipline in the schools tends to discipline in the home. and the neglect of it in the one sphere reaets llDastruzsly ts the o<Aer.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Lobby Nu., Go. say. Woodruff.

HARTFORD. Conn. March 22--Gov- ernor Woodruff launched another broadside at the professional lobby on Capitol hill in the course of a speech st the annual banquet of the Hartford Business Mems association last night He de-lsrel in m uncertain terms that "the secret and coTTuptins influence that has hung around the statehOuse for a generation must go
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
CIeveIaud's ossIng Esds.

GEORGETowN. s. C.. March 22.- Former President Cleveland. Rear Ad- miraI B. r. Lamberton and Commo- dore E. q. Benedict reached here from the Ssntee Gun club en route for home. Mfr. Cleveland expressed heartfelt sp- preciation for the many good wishes on the occasion of his serentieth birth. day.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Admiral Tile, L.is c. R..,,

ANNAPOLIS. Md. March 22-The remains of Rear Admiral E. IT. Tilley. who died at League island. were in terrei in the Naval cemetery at the s-ademy here with full military hon. CTS. The bcdy hearers were eight sea men from the United States steamer Hsrffcni
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Nicaraxua Claims Two Victories.

MANAGUA. Nicaragua. March D. A dispatch from the front announces the capture of the Honduran port of La Ceiba and claims victory for Nicaragua over the allied armies of Salvador and Honduras at Portillos de Namasique.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Away. Look c, ,s. py,ss, ,,s..

PUTNAM. Conn. March 2c.-Ezrs Hammond is desd at his home in West Wcodstock. aged 101 years. He was the second oldest man in the state and claimed his age ~as due to alwsy, looking on the bright side Of life.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Lixe Stock Markets.

CATTLE Supply light; market steady; choice, E,7oGs; prime, sS.5oq5.ss: veal calves. ss.50da.
 HOGS - Receipts light: market slow; pigs. q: roughs. ss665o.
 SHEEP AND LAMBS - Supply light market steady: prime wethers. S6ns. 5: sulls and common, $3d4: lambs. tsGS.25.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
xeer.ser, Elected cr..d Master.

TRENTON. \. T.. March 22-The Masonic grand lodge of New Jersey has elected these officers for the en- suing year: Grand master. Austin H. McGrezory. Newark. deputy grand master. William n. woIfskieI. Eliza herh
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22

Vincennes Novelty Plant Ablase. yINCENNES. Ind, March oo.-Tbe Vincennes Novelty Manufacturing com. pany's plant was damaged S75,OoO by fire.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
Is~essed cerk Her.e.k.e. Ir ian.

N1NEOLA- N- f- Nsrch 2-Arait- ing sentence in the Nasssu county jsil here fer forxery. Archibald Hart of Glen Head has invented . cork horpe- shce that nay be the hasis of . for tzna
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1907-03-22
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL.
Closing stock Quotations.

Money on call steady at per cent. Prime mercantile paper, 666A per cent. Exchanges $S7S, 5s5, 722; balances, $14641, ,768. Closjpp Dricas.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
CLUBS ORGANIZED TO
FIGHT THE CATALOGUES


In order TO make their fight against
catalogue and mail order houses more
effective, the hardware men Of Okla
homa and Indian Territory are form
ing local clubs in every town and
county where it is possible. The lat
est launced is in NARROW, l. T., or
ganlzed by T. 7. Bason, a. delegate to
the state association convention
which was held in Oklahoma City,
July 10.
After the completion Of the organi-
zation Of a number Of local clubs, the
state hardware association will gather
information from each club, relative
to the fight against catalogue houses,
and distribute the collected informa-
tion to each club.
D. G. Patterson secretary Of the
Oklahoma Hardware, Implements aud
Vehicle dealers association, has gone
to attend a convention Of Hardware
Club No. D, at Temple, /. T. This
club comprises u towns and is COM
posed OF about 50 dealers.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
j Unconstitutional.
Federal Court Decision in North
Carolina Rate Law-PrisOners
Discharged.

Ashville. N. c. July 24-Federal
Judge Pritchard has discharged Tick
ct Agents Woods and Wilson, Of the
Southern railway, on habeas corpus
proceedings and declared the penalty
clause of the new rate bill unconsti-
tutioDal. Wood and Wilson were re-
Gently sentenced to thirty days on the
chain gang for violation Of the law.
In his decision, Judge Pritchard
said the penalties inflicted by tie
statute would close the doors to a ju-
dicial hearing, and would amount TO
$4,000, 600 a day, If the penalty was
enforced on the sale Of each ticket,
which is eight times more than the
amount involved In the original suit
Also, that it would do violence to the
comfy which exists between the fed
eral courts.
While not imputing any improper
motives to officials or state courts
Judge Pritchard remarked that II sucn
a course was permitted to be pursued
it would have the effect of defeating
the jurisdiction of the United States
courts.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
a Dad Break

Bones "see heah, Mister Imperlocu-
torem, An got er cumhumdrum TO-
yuh."
Interlocutor-'A conundrumg All
right, what is it2'
Bones-"If dat ar wind jammer 'ud
fall down a. break his tombone, what
kind Of uh doctah cd fix him up?"
Interlocntor-"Ah you cawnt fool
me. He wouldn't 90 70 a doctor at
ALL"
Bones Yes, indeed. F"
Interiocutor-"W Well, what kind Of
a doctor would you say, seeing YOU'RE
50 smart2"
Bones-''hy, uh sergeon Of note, Of
cawse, ynh lobstah. Girtup. "-Tole-
do Daily Blade
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
THE HOTTEST DAY ALVORD AMBUSHED'
Mac Alvord Recently Acquitted Of
Numbering a Wealthy Stock
man is Assinated.

Muskogee, l. T.. July 24-Mac AL
vord, twice tried for the murder OF
Cicero Davis, a wealthy cattleman
living near Porum, /. T., while the
latter was driving home from town,
and recently acquitted by a jury in
the United States court here, was
shot from ambush yesterday, at prac-
tically the same point and near the
same time Of day as the man he was
charged with killing.
Davis was assassinated on the af-
ternoon Of September IL, 1906. AL
word was tralled with bloodhounds
and arrested for the crime. After
two Of the hardest fought and longest
trials In the Western district Alvord
was acquitted. Recently he announc-
ed that for fear Of being killed he in
tended to move to Mexico
There was feud between the Da-
Wis brothers and Alvord which dated
back to the cattle range days AL
word always carried a steel ball rifle
and had it with him at the time Of
his assassination. He was on his way
from Porum TO his farm when the
man riding beside him heard a rifle
crack and Alvord pitched oyer on his
face dead.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
DECISION AFFIRMED
In the Case of F. M. Smith, Assignee,
VS.. John D. Marker, ct al, Gar
nishment.

The Circuit Court Of Appeals has
affirmed the decision Of tho district
court and United States court Of ap-
peals of the Indian Territory, in the
case of f, M. Smith, assignee VS. John
d. Marker ct al
This action arises out of the follow
ing transaction: Ou July 20, 1904, Hal
sell and Bagby were garnisheed as debt
ors Of John d. Marker and Judgment
was rendered for defendant They
answered that they would not be in
debted to him before March 1905, and
would not then be indebted To him
unless the terms OF certain contract
they had with him we're fulfilled to
the effect that Halsell and. Bagby
should secure from Marker the
privilege of alloting certain lands In
the Cherokee nation which Marker
should select as his allotment exclus-
i've Of his homestead and sell the land
Halsell and Bagby, upon the answer
Of garnishees, the trial court denied
the motion Of plaintiff for Judgment
against garnishees and dismissed the
proceedings. This Judgment Of dis
missal was affirmed, the circuit court
OF appeals holding as follows:
1t is indispensable to the liability Of
garnishee to the plaintiff that the
formers debt to the defendant be ow.
ing absolutely, so that the duty to pay
il is not contingent on the happening
Of any future event, at the time the
garnishee summons is reserved, but
it is not necessary. ia the absence
Of statute to that effect, that the
debt be due at that time.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
MIXED BLOODS CREEK
LANDS ALIENABLE AUG. 3

Washington, d. O., July 24-Attor-
ney General Bonaparte has rendered
a decision to the effect that the mix
blood Creek lands are allenable after
August 8. There has been some ques-
tion as to the time and IL Is under
stood many land men In Indian Terri
tory began buying land on July /,
holding that the land was alenable at
that time.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
Still Seek Lost Treasure

johannesburg, South Africa, July,
Notwithstanding rumors that
Dom Paul Kruger's private fortune
estimated at sl,25O,OOO, which some
supposed was shipped on the bark
Dorothea, afterward wrecked on the
lonely Zululand coast was in reality
smuggled safely into the United
States. new syndicates are being form
cd to explore what is left Of the sunk
en- ship.
The wreck lies off Cape Vidal, a
perilous shore and the rocks and
laundering surf have blocked all ef-
forts in the past 1t is now proposed
to blast a way out from the shore to
the wreck.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
REDUCED 2-THIRDS
Yield of Wheat in Oklahoma Only
S,O0O,OO Bushels--Green Bugs
Responsible.

Oklahoma City, July 24-According
to statistics secured by Secretary G.
V. Topping, Of the Oklahoma Millers'
association, he places the wheat yield
OF Oklahoma this year at about 5000,
600 bushels, just one-third that Of last
year. The green bugs, which deyast-
ed the fields early in the growing sea-
son. were responsible for the differ
ence in the yield. Wheat is bring
ing rs cents now and at the same time
last Yeas was bringing so and sc
cents.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24


Yesterday was the hottest day since
in the summer of 1901, the thermome-
ter for the first time In six years
soaring to SO degrees Not only was
the highest point reached, but all
day long the mercury lowered near
the top mark. At 10 o'clock SO de-
grees was registered, and eaehsucceed-
ing hour the mercury assembled at a
uniform rate of two degrees an hour
until O'Clock, when the highest point
was touched. There we're three heat
prospration recorded and the record
of horses overcome by heat was bro
ken. More than 125 horses died, and
an estimate of several Of the princi-
pal veterinarians Of the horses over
come varied between 600 and 800.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
oHAUTAUQUA NOTES.

The lecture last night by Prof. Cole,
on "Prehistoric Man." was simply
superb. Prof. Cole easily ranks with
the best on the Chautauqua platform.
Tonight, and then only a memory Of
the 1907 Cbautauqua viii be left US.
The program for 1908 promises to be
better in every way.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
HANGED SIX CHILDREN.
THEN KILLED HERSELF

Copenhagen, July 24-GriefstFicken
By the receipt Of notification that
her services would not be required
after the end Of this month, Mrs. Mel
sen, housekeeper for land owner
named Ullkjaer. Of Jutland, yesterday
hanged three Of her employers chill
uren az well as three Of her own, and
then killed hsrsslf b. hanging.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

Man Zan Pile Remedy comes put up
In a collapsiDle tube with nozzle.
Easy to apply tight where the sore
ness and inflammation exists. IL re-
lieves at once blind, bleeding, itching
or protruding Diles. Guaranteed -.
r. Ovens. l3m
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
AT THE CHAUTAUQUA
Session Of 1907 Win Close Tonight
With An Illustrated Lecture by
Prof. Gilbert--Nature Study.

With the close OF tonightsentertain
ment at the big tent the 1907 Chau-
tauqua will pass into history. The
program:
$3.50 D. Miniature Study"-An IL
lustrated lecture by Prof. Gilbert Of
theIllinois State University.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
Tried to Kill His Wife.

Muskogee, July 2i-Charged with
irving to kill his wife by striking her
with an ak, Or. H. O. Counterman,
of Quinton,I. T., formerly president OF
the Twin Territory Medical associa'
tion, is in the federal jail in MusKo-
gee.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

VIM. Malone of Eureka Springs, is
making preparations to put in his
new machine shops and novelty works
as soon as the machinery can be as
semb led and shipped.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

Kodol viii nourish and sirpteiltn
your digestive organs and furnish the
natural digestive juices lof or
st0macn.It will make you wf krsoi
digests what you eat. Sold Ma
Harvey & Meyers and pceple- Drug
Store.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

This hot, dry weather Is splendid
time to kin weeds.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
MIssoURI's HoTTEss DAY

Sedalia, Mo. Tuesday was the hot
test day Of the summer in Central
Missouri. The maximum tempera-
ture was SO at o'clock. At t6 O'Clock
at night it was "a degrees.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

Corn is needing rain badig Ard 4
good rain would be welcome.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24
Tuesday Was the Hottest Day Q
the Summer in the Central
West--Six are Dead

st. Louis, July 23-During the past
twenty -four hours six deaths from
heat have been reported, and fifteen
prostrations. The temperature register
ed SO degrees this afternoon, but
brief shower increased the humidity
and rendered the heat harder to bear
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

Lincoln, Neb. Three persons were
Frustrated by heat in Lincoln Tues
day, all being in critical condition
The temperature was 95 at 3 p, m.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

ConcordIa, Kas. The temperature
reached 100 in the shade, government
record, Tuesday afternoon making II
the summers warmest day.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

Ottawa, Kas, July 23-A record Of
100 degrees by the government Their
mometer here this afternoon broke
the heat records for two years.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

Fruit Jars and Jelly Glasses
Buy them now before the advance IN P
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1907-07-24

We lead on low prices for Hammocks
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-12-28
TRADE WAS HEAVY
Holiday Business Was Far Be-
yond Expectations.
Idle Machinery Will Hum After
January /.
ON CURRENCY BASIS.
Many Cities Have Returned to
Cash Transactions.
ON CURRENCY BASIS.
Topeka Bank Clearings Show
Increase of 1873 Per Cent.

New York, Dec. 28.-R. G. Dun &
Co.'S Weekly Review of Trade says:
Holiday trade was very heavy dur
ing the last few days before Christ
mas raising the total for the season
above expectations, although compari-
sons with last years figures are I'M
favorable at most points.
General business has been quiet, as
is customary at this time, and manu-
featuring plants have increased the
percentage of idle machinery. Dry
goods jobbers stimulated trade by spec
ial clearance sales.
The banks furnished currency more
readily for payrolls, but little improve
ment is recorded in mercantile collec-
lions. More wage earners are unem-
ployed than at any previous time this
year, yet many factories and mills an
nounce resumption early in 1908. and
consumption of staple commodities is
not perceptibly diminished because of
the savings of the preceding extended
period of full occupation.
A large percentage Of the nations
iron and steel producing capacity has
closed down until January 1 and in a
few cases quotations are lower, but
there is a confidence in an early re-
sumption of activity. Restoration of
ledge that stocks are low in all posi-
ditions will be sufficiently improved to
encourage new undertakings and the
completion of work on abandoned ex-
tentionS and improvements. Textile
production has been curtai1ed still fur
Their through concerted action by New
England cotton spinners and diminish
ed output. together with the absence