davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27
10 FIND HOW
EARTH WAS MADE.
4 SCIENTIFIC ROCK FAC
TORY NEWLY OPENED.
Bmlt 5cifh Cmnegie's Money to
Explore Natures Processes.
.ranyrght. 1897. by John Elfreth watkins

copyright 1871 by John Elfreth MatknsD
washington. oct 26.-To find out how earth
was made is the function of the geophysicaI
laboratory of the Carnegie Institution, just com
ueted upon an isolated hill overlooking the
can;taI city from the northwest No individual
university or state has ever attempted or even
contemplated the breadth of resea rch assigned to
this workshop by Professor r. s. Woodward
n,esident OF the institution.
The director, DIR. Arthur l.. Day. has not We.
turned forty, although he has taught AZ Val,
his alma mater; has been a member of tho
scientific staff OF the great technical school nf
Charlottenburg and has served as pbvsicaI
geologist Of the United States Geological Survey
We viii here study the minerals of the earth
first by making them ourselves artifcially from,
the purest of materials, and, after thus counter
feiting them, by subjecting them TO many r,vsi
cal, chemical and optical tests We can mako
minerals much purer than those found in NAT
une," explained DR. Day as he led me on a ner
sonally conducted tour Of the new building And
= in the course OF this inspection soon perceived
thai the seophysical laboratory is unique, not
in function alone, but in its ingenious arrange
ment
The building wears an overcoat which will
keep warmth in in winter and heat out in sum
mer This insulating layer, placed outside the
exterior brick wall, is composed of six inches
Of hollow terra Gotta. with air spaces laid hori-
zonial and closed at the ends. This scheme is
entirely new and original The terra Gotta over
coat is less expensive and almost as strong
structurally. as the brick wall underneath
Another novel arrangement protects the deli
cate measuring and observing apparatus in the
laboratories on the upper floors from the lar Of
The heavy machinery in the basement Each
easement room containing heavy equipment has
Tor fioor thick slab of cement separated. bot
tom and Sides from the adjoining walls by
sx-nch layer of dry sand
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27
MUSICAL COM MENT.
Continued from fifth page.

Philharmonic Orchestra. He played the Beethoven
+ fiat major concerto. Chopin's minor concerto
and Liszt's Spanish Rhapsode, arranged by Busoni.
Since his last appearance in New York SCheIling
has made huge strides. He possesses a masterful
control of technique and imparts to his playing the
stamp of a sympathetic personality. His playing IS
not SENSATIONAL but Is fun OF color and fnesse.
Especially with reference to the nuances of touch
many an otherwise excellent German pianist could
pattern after Mr.. Schellng. In Chopins + minor
concerto, in particular, he unfolded such album
dance of charm one would not have credited
him with a few years ago. Schelling has reached
the complete maturity of his art. and 1 con-
vnced that he will astound his countrymen when
he enters upon his next American tour"
Rudolph CAM, the Swiss pianist who is to give a
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27
ATLANTIC CITY AFFAIRS
what Visitors to Jersey Coast Take
Interest In.

Atlantic City, Oct 26.-Between those brought
here by two or three conventions and others at
tracted by the celebration of the paving of At
lantic avenue, the resort has been well patron
ized this week. The movement made a little
more than year ago to make Atlantic City the
Convention City of the United States is, to all
appearances, succeeding far beyond the fondest
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27

tion Hall, No 81 East Broadway. and the same
S%yenng % Ing at at the West Side Neighborhood House
the 2epartment Of Health. will speak THE
Health e n of School Children;
On Tuesday night at Public School 169 Audubon
avenue and l69th street William e. Burton will
te! The Story of our Milk Supply" and
Wednesday at the Harlem Young Mems Christian
Association, 125th street. Theodore l. Jones will
describe The Application 0f Electricity to Light
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27
WORKING AT 1000 DEGREES.

- generate such terrific heat the laboratory
- De equipped with electric arcs capable or
siing 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. TINS
49, artificial beat ~fil Hof. how repre-
- - s'e highest temperature reached in earth
1rns - Even If this 1000 degrees, a. which
~As poiis. were doubled there should not be re-
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27

recital at Mendelssohn Hall on Friday afternoon.
November s. under Loudon Charlton's direction,
will play selections BY Beethoven Brahms Doh
nanyi. Schumann. Ravel Alban, Cnopln and Ldszt.
It Is said that five of the numbers MS programme
viii be played for the first time in America
The programme which Arnold Foldesy. young
Hungarian 'cellist who IS 10 make his American
debut November at Mendelssohn Hail. Is 10
offer will include a sonata Of Bencdetto Marcello
AsAd numbers by Lotu, Pepper and Paganini. The
'SSAst will he assisted at the piano by Mr.. Sgmund
FSrZog and there will also be assisting
CSdist- Tho concert IS under the direction of Lou
don Charlton.
Mime. Sembrich has prepared programme for
her annual recital at Carnegie Hall on Tuesday
afternoon, November y. that Is bound to be a de-
light TO the prima dOunas hundreds OF cnthusia
admirers. II will he divided into three parts-old
airs and songs classical German eder and mis-
Ccllaneous modern songs Mr. Isadore Luckstone
who has accompanied Nine. SembrCh at her New
York recita!s for number Of years. Will assist at
the piano.
Telharmonic Hall. at 39th street and Broadway
Will reopen for another season OF electric music on
Saturday evening, November 9. An enlarged stage
several added keyboards and a stan OF twece In
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27
TREMENDOUS TEMPERATURES.

And what are the immense temperatures
which must here be reproduced in order that
natures rocks may be counterfeited? The
Esmut If your imagination probably does not
reach above temperature sufficient TO heat a
metal red hot, which is about 1.CO0 degrees Fab
fenheit. But while the iron Of the kitchen stove
vii melt after becoming red hot, yet the rock
mat We call fire brick" which lines the inside
VIII stand a red even a white heat without
any damage whatsoever.
IN natures furnace all rocks were melted once
aAa many are there melting to-day. AT tenn
psIature higher than red heat copper and gold
VII melt; etiil there is difficulty in finding
.ocKs with which 10 line the furnaces wherein
- .iley are melted and the crucibles which hold
tslen while they are melting. Hotter still must
y me furnaces in which glass is made or IRON
s.aasitec; but yet there are found rocks 10 hold
N,em while they seethe in hot liquid form
:. ..tlailnufn, long regarded the metal requiring
80 80 highest heat for melting. can be melted IN
FaiekiiIne vessels without injury TO the vessels
pset' ali ordinary rocks viii have become huld
-.s1 eSpestos, commonly considered as hreprooI'
-, - run Ike water al the great heats whereat
sses5iy OF these minerals remain solid. There Is
iis.ium which rnelts at 5000 degrees Fahren-
- ana osmium, at many degrees higher still.
80 s even at this terrific temperature there are
s.s., sials remaining stubaornly solid. Those
,i- i. tis highest melting point are lime ana
Hls' bOth Of which d.. Day will be able TO
't ~ MS electric arc furnace.
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27
MANUFACTURING ROCK.

He will manufacture rock IN this way: First
he viii obtain the pure chemicals which. as has
been learned by analysis, nature used in manu-
featuring her rocks. These-lime magnesia
alunlina, silica, and on-he will place in the
proper proportions in n series Of mechanical
nlortars and pestles which he showed to me-
number Of them in rows and tiers. the pestIes
revolving and stirring at the same time and
with rapid uniform motion. After being thus
thoroughly mixed they will be melted in a
powerful electric furnace after which they
WIZ be ground and mixed again. Then they will
he ready for applications OF enormous tenn
peratures and pressures acting together, as In
the earth
Natures pressure will he reproduced by a
hydraulic compressor exerting 100000 pounds to
the square inch-the pressure that would be
erted your hand if a Bottom bar an inch
square al the end were rested upon II. The
pressure a. the greatest that has been produced
under mans control. The powder that has left
the mechanical grinder and mixer is poured into
cylindrical opening an eighth of an inch in
diameter, and then the desired pressure is APP
piled.
asked DR. Day whether he had found II
Necessary TO take any special precautions
against accidents in using these enormous pres
sures. He smiled and said:
! going 10 paint all of the apparatus
white, that may find IT easily if it gets
suddenly scattered about the landscape"
The heat. which may be given at the same
time is supplied by electric arc, whose tenn
peratUre be made great that it will melt
mat beyond a certain point it cannot be meas
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27

Mrs. j. K. Maxwell. of New York City. have
been spending the week at the Hotel Morton.
w. d. Colgate, of New York, is visitor at
the Marlborough -Blenheim, accompanied by
Mrs. Colgate.
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27
EARTH BUILDING PROCESSES

DT. Day and his scientific staff pIan tn mann
facture on a small scale what Dame Natura
has wrought on a vast one, so far as earth
earthly Is concerned. Biologists have thus far
inferred that in the beginning earth was as the
sun Is to-cay--a mass Of heated yapor As this
gradually cooled, the surface hardened into a
crust. WLlcn, as II grew thicker, pressed more
heavily upon the now liquid interior which
came flowing to tie surface whenever q crack
appeared.
At first 4 fairly uniform mixture Of the ele-
neTits formed earIhS mass and certain combina-
tlons soiGifed 10 form the first crust: hut when
portions Of the liquid interior afterward leaked
ulrough the forming crust these soft masses
became, when cooled and hardened species OF
rock different from the original crust It was
science has done little more than guess--nence
mis- geophysicai laboratory. More than to guess
% learn, TO know how the earth was made
science must repeat these processes in the Ia bo-
must have at their command enormous oress-
ues and temperatures. Physicians in some
parts OF the world have worked with enormous
temperatures, and Others IN other parts have
e1peTinented with vast presslIres but nowhere
else In the world-except in natures own iabo-
SAeory--has there ever been equipment for work
rs with these vast temperatures and pressures
AZ INC same place and at the same time.
NATURES processes IN earth building seem to
have been first the condensation of vapor into
liquid and then the condensation Of !iouid into
soAd- But IN retrac.ng natures steps DR.. Day
VIII uot so back to the very beginning and con-
fEruct miniature globe out Of vapor. Every
Eze knows that VapOT viii condense. and there
'Eouid be no object IN such an experiment He
gill take up his earth problem from the time
wren our sphere became incruSted and certain
portions began 20 snow Individuality He will
manufacture lava, such exists ~ the bowels
Of The earth, and BY application Of his high
pressures and temperatures transform that into
rocks or separate 1T into the familiar minerals
and metals OF earth
New-York tribune., 1907-10-27
European Advertisements.
GOING ABROAD I?

New Yorkers when reaching their
starting point in Europe for a tour
through the Continent, and after deciding
on their excursion plan. if they will send
their itinerary with dates of arrival at GER
tain points to the London Office of
THE TRIBUNE, Danes Inn House. 265
Strand, the same will be forwarded with
out expense to the main Office of THE
TRIBUNE in New York. and there
placed on file for the convenience of their
friends
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1907-09-27
Balloon, AIrshIp and Flying Machine Com
petitions.

The second annual balloon race for the
Bennett international aeronautic tropnv
VIII be held at St Louis on Monday
october p, and in all probability ten
balloons, at least, will compete. England
and France will be represented by two
balloons each, while Germany and Amer
lea viii each have three balloons. One OF
the American balloons will be piloted bv
Lieut.. Frank p. Lahm, who won the
trophy last year by his flight OF 4O2 miles
from Paris to a point on the eastern
coast OF England. Lieut.. Iahm will use
the same balloon with which he won the
trophy last year. The other American
representatives will be Alan r. Hawley in
the st. Louis" and J. C. Mccoy in the
America"
In order that the proprietors and in
Ventors of airships and flying machines
may receive some financial encourage
ment, the Aero club OF st. Louis has
raised the sum of $5OOO TO be given in
prizes to the best dirigible balloon or air
snip and to the best aeroplane or other
gasless-type machine which completes in
the trials that have been arranged for
Immediately after the balloon race. Half
OF this sum will be awarded TO the sue
cessful dirigibles and half to the success
ful aeroplanes or other heavier than-air
machines.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1907-09-27
sRATTLEeoRo PERSONAL.

Miss Helen Martin of Keene is visit
ing Miss Gertrude Stockwell this week.
Horace Scott of the Rensselaer, Poly
technic institute came home Wednesday
with his roommate, John Spengler of
Kansas City, to remain over Sunday.
Rev. Arthur ]. Smith, the widely known
evangelist, was a visitor in town Tuesday
and Wednesday while on his way from
his home in New York city to New Lon
don, N. II. Mr.. Smith has met with
great success in his work in all parts of
the country. This was his first visit here
in 10 years. He was a member of the
Brattleboro high school class of 1896.
Crosby Adams and Warren Crosby were
at home yesterday from Norwich uni
versity. Both are candidates for the Nor
witch football team. Adams is trying for
quarterback, Crosby for ,halfback and
Lawrence Putnam for a place in the line.
Norwich is particularly strong this year.
The cadets defeated New Hampshire
state agricultural college 100 and played
a tie game Wednesday with Holy Cross.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1907-09-27
JACKSONVILLE.
Another Disastrous Fire Apparently Of
Incendlary origin.

Another Disastrous Fire Apparently Of
Ineendlary origin.
About half past ten Tuesday evening
fire was discovered in the northwesterly
end Of II. G.. Porters barn about 70 feet
long. This barn had a floor at each
end. At the northwesterly end there
was a basement and the floor was above,
while at the end the floor was on a level
with the lower sill. A ton or two of hay
was on the barn floor at the Northwestern
ly end and the large bay of hay was
started in this floor beside the bay.
The fire cannot be certainly accounted
for at this time The barn was about
20 feet from the dwelling of Mervin NJ.
Brown, which was scorched, but saved.
At the other end of the barn it cornered
on the Darn OF Charles II. Waste. 1t
seemed at one time that the Waste barns
and house would be burned. but by the
vigilance and activity of our people and
friends from out of town the Waste
barn was saved with very little damage.
Mr.. and Mrs. Waste are in the West and
will be surprised to learn of the narrow
escape of their home. Had this building
burned in all probability the tenement
house and dwelling OF II. G.. Porter, the
dwelling OF ]. o. Corse. the store OF c. H.
Waste, the hotel of d. NJ. Canedy and the
dwelling of f. J. Roberts would have
been consumed. II the fire could have
been stopped that side OF the highway.
Water was plentiful this time and not
far away. Some of our friends who were
staying at the hotel on their way to the
Valley Fair forgot in the excitement that
they had on their best clothes and they
were slightly moistened in their labors
with the others.
A brisk shower came up very oppor-
timely and wet down the roofs of the
nearby buildings. Most of the wagons
and tools were saved and all the live
stock was let out to pasture in the
streets.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1907-09-27
LOCAL OVERFLOW.

L. Wales will give a reunion TO his
-ch1dren's dancing class at odd Fellows,
hall Saturday at 2.3O.
The ladies' OF the Universallst church
are planning TO hold a rummage sale
some time In the near future. The date
will be given later.
George y. Litchheld of Keene, n. H.,
the administrator of the estate of the
late /. n. Spencer of that city, was in
town Wednesday to make a final settle
ment OF the affairs OF the estate with
Mr., Spencer's brother, p c. Spencer.
Harry p. Webster has be n asked. since
the death of Mr.. Pettee, to return to his
old place as assistant treasurer of the
Vermont Savings bank. 1t is understood
that he will accept. and will come here
early in October. During the summer
Mr.. Webster has had charge of the
branch of trust company al the James
town exposition.
Charles w. and George L. Durham re-
turned Thursday morning from an out
ing of 10 days spent on the trails and
waters of the Laurentian club in Canada.
All the conditions were favorable. and
the trip was as successful as could be
wished 1t was c. w. Dunham's Gus
tomary good luck to bring down q big
bull moose on Lake Inman, and to take
a hve-pound trout from the big pool of
rapid water where the Souci comes down
into Lake Wanlungamac, while George l..
found the trophy for his rod in Trout
lake near the clubs home camp
The Valley Fair attractions at the
Auditorium this week proved drawing
cards and large audiences were present
ali three nights. The packed house was
Wednesday night when Creston Clarke
appeared in Brattleboro for the first time
in THE Power that Governs" Judging
by the reception he was given he is to be
added TO the roll OF Brattleboro's favor
ties and always sure of an enthusiastic
welcome whenever he comes here The
play is strong one based on stirring
times in the rough southwest where the
millionaire's daughter is separated from
her party and seeks refuge in a rough
miners shack where she is rescued from
dire peril by the hero, at that time
youth living in the shack with his uncle
There is some gunplay in the scene but
1t is overshadowed by the strength of the
part where the young hero wakes to his
better self and assumes the roll of pro-
tector. Virginia Lawrence made a very
attractive heroine and the minor parts
from the Mexican greaser to the mill
lionaire father were we'll played 1t was
repeated last night to a slightly smaller
audience. Tuesday night THE Girl Of
the Golden West" which made such
ten strike here last winter, pleased
big audience. The Girl" will always
have friends here.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1907-09-27
Reunion Of Company K, 9th Vermont
Regiment.

A reunion of the veterans OF Company
X. 9th Vermont regiment was held I'm
Brattleboro Tuesday afternoon, but on
account OF the absence of the secretary,
l.. w Bush of Brooklne, and several
other members who live in the West
River valley, the election Of officers was
not held. The West River veterans were
not held West River veterans were pre-
south of Newfane. Those so delayed
were L. w. Bush of Brookline, Frank
Rogers OF Springfield, Mass c. p. Rob-
bins of Jamaica and Joel Grout of New
fame. Mr.. Bush was accompanied by Mrs.
Bush and two grandchildren. The vet
Grams present were Capt. d. w. Lewis OF
Boston, president, Col. Thomas Harmon
non, David G. Baker of Greenfield, Mass,
Myron L. Corbett OF Eernardston, Mass,
William Aiken Of Dummerston, William
Butler of Dummerston, NJ. L. Howard of
Jamaica and John Willard of the Sol
diers' Home in Bennington. Mr. and Mrs
Howard were on the train which was de-
layed, but they secured team and drove
vented from attending by train wreck
meet with Aurelius Pettee on Canal
street, but on this occasion they met in
the town building on account of the
death of Mr., Pettees son, Adm II. Pettee.
They visited Mr.. Pettee's home to look
upon the face of the deceased and then
returned to Grand Army hall, where din
ner was served to Company X and also
TO Company b, 1tth Vermont regiment,
by the Woman's Relief corps. Capt.
Lewis, the president, was a dealer in
hats, caps, boots and shoes In Blake's
block in 1851. The building stood where
the Vermont National bank now is. o.
j. Pratt is the only merchant now in
business in Bratteboro who was con-
temporary with Capt Lewis.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1907-09-27
DEEP WELLS Thai EEL Lac SEA.

In their investigation OF the under,
ground water resources OF the Coastal
Plain Of Virginia the biologists OF the
United States Geological Survey have
collected data relating to the many
excellent waters in large areas OF the
hundreds of artesian wells that yield
excellent waters in large Arrears OF the
coastal region. Particular note has
been made OF the quantity and quar-
lty of the supply afforded by wells
that give flows at the surface Inc
water OF most OF these wells Is adj
mirably adapted 70 household uses
though that in some of them contains
enough mineral salt in solution
make trouble in boilers useI for steam
production.
The variation in flow exhibited by
the tide is of peculiar interest, the now row
Seing tn5 notably n greater otS t5 at Is
the general opinion among well drill
ers that practically all flowing weus
near tidal rivers or inlets from open
bays do feel the distant sea, but some
Of them so slightly that the VARIATION
in flow is not noticeable. -.
The geologist in charge OF Ine
groundwater investigations In VIZ.
ginia states that changes In waT.
level in wells, due to luctua lions N
the height Of the surface OF some
neighboring body of water nav
been observed all over the world.
is customary to explain these changes
by supposing a direct connection De
tween the river, lake, or bay; out !"
many places, as in eastern Virgins
such connection is clearly impossioloi
owing to the depth OF the Wels anu
the nature OF the intervening peuf
some of them dense, tough marls a.iS
clays. These beds, however, thousH
they do not transmit water neNerunHT
less contain IT, and as water 4 pra'u,
ally incomprehensible, any variation
level on the river or bay is uan5 ram.
mitted to the we'll through the Wawi
filled gravels, sands, clays, and mai''
When a porous bed is tapped py ~
we'll the water rises to the point
equilibrium and huctuates as the h1 ,bs
of the ocean varies its pressure OH
beds that confne the artesian now