davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-05-13
Howelrs ernnafather IS . MnIerIte.

"One thing more,' said MT. Earhart, as we are about to bid adieu You have heard that there Is always a lit- tie streak of eccentricity somewhere in the personality or in the ancestral his tory of great genius?"
 Yes"
 Well, Will Howells' grandfather was IMillerite. Whenever he saw an espe- cially black cloud in the sky he hasten ed home and donned his ascension robes, to be ready for the conclusion of earthly matters"
 Our day in "A Boys Town'' gave us one leading impressions; that William Dean Howells as a boy, had the power of attaching his companions to him with hooks of steel We have never seen a more beautiful and admiring affection than that of Mir Earhart for the friend of his youthful days. He had for him only words of praise, and he undoubtedly felt genuine personal joy in the greatness and fame which the little tow hea 1ed-boy with whom he played back in the 4O's has worked out with his brain and pen,-New Eng land Magazine.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-05-13
PRESIDENT HADLEY.
And His Coming Trip Abroad.

President Hadley of Yale university will go to Berlin immediately after the meeting of the Yale university corpor- ation in October to fill the Theodore Roosevelt professorship of American history and institutions at the Univer- sity of Berlin. President Hadley will return in time for the meeting of the Yale corporation in March. 1908, being absent about five months
 The subject of the public lectures of President Hadley at Berlin will be The Question of Industrial Policy in the United States and the subject of his classroom work will be Exercises in American Industrial History" The pro- fessorship is endowed with $5O,O0O, raised in this country, and nomination to 1t is made by the trustees of Co., lumbia university, New York city, with confirmation by the Prussian ministry of education. President Hadley will lecture in German.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-05-13
MENNONITE IN POLITICS
Only Member to Sit in the
 Legislative Body.

John P. Thiessen, member of the Nebraska house of representatives, prosperous farmer and banker of Jan sen. is said to be the only Mennonite who ever sat as a member of a legisla- tive body. The Mennonites do not be- lieVe in war and fearing that partici- patton in elections and government might make them subjects for the army. they have until recent years re- fused to take any part in political af- fairs. Mir Thiessen is one of the more liberal-minded members of the sect, and he was among the most industri- ous members of the legislature which recently adjourned. He was square deal'' member and voted for every re- form measure that was considered by the house.
 There are about two thousand Men nonite families in Nebraska, living in about five counties in the southeastern part of the state. One colony came frem Germany, the others from Rus sia. All of them speak the German language. The adherence of war has olung to the descendants of Memo Sin on, the Catholic priest of Holland who founded the sect about 45O years ago, and it has been the cause of their migrations. It was because they fear ed service in the Russian army that the great migration to America took place in 1874, when Mr. Thiessen and his family, together with thousands of other Mennonites, came to the United States. All of them were slow to be- come citizens.
 Not until Mr. Thiessen was nomin- ated for the legislature did he obtain his final citizenship papers. and he is now too old to be drafted for military service.
 "A majority of the Mennonites think we should have nothing to do with the governments of this world, y said MT. Thiessen. "They still refuse to vote. They keep their own counsel and want to live with their own people and away from the temptations of the world. But many of them are be- gifrin= to see that it is their duty to help shape the laws, Some of our preachers, even, are looking at it in the same way. Last winter one of the bishops of our church visited me in Lincoln and took great interest in the i proceedings of the legislature But he is one of the younger generation. The old preachers still cling to the old ideas"
 In 1795 Catherine II of Russia made a covenant with the Mennonites
 whereby they were to be granted per petual immunity from military service
 But this was revoked many years later and in 1871 announcement was made
 that after ten years all Menonites would be liable to military service 1 Thereupon they began leaving the i country in great numbers.
 The colony which located at Jan.
 sen. Neb.. in 1874 invested sS5.0O0 ir ! land at from sS50 to $5 an acre. They i still own this land and have acquired i much more A great dea7 of it would 1 now brin@ s10O an acre. But tho
 Mennonites do not want to sell, Kan.
 sas City Star.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-05-13

It adds to the picturesqueness the first time you encounter it to see the bank of canal lined with servant girls shaking and beating rugs and carpets and curtains of all deserip- tions, but when you have stayed long enough in a city to recognize the pat terms of the various circles and realize that at least once every week every such thing is taken up or taken down and carried outdoors for such clean ing as tie New England housewife does only in the spring and fall you come to feel a yicarious fatigue and wonder if it is all worth the trouble l am aware. that I ought not to speak of it in this way. Rather should I lay stress on the comfort of knowing that the washbowls in your hotel are cleaned with hot water and thoroughly wired every morning.
 | The servants lie in wait to see us go forth for a while that they may get into our rooms and put them in perfect order. One old man attached to the hotel, apparently has nothing to do but i fetch water for the intermlnable clean ing from the city pump in the middle of the Vryburg.
 There is no canal adjacent to any side of this square, and so the weekly housecleaning takes places in the great l open space, which becomes alive with 1 energetic servants and waving fabrics from an antlmacassar to an eight-yard square of brussels, and every minute of the day the pump is in requisition. people often standing in line to wait their turn until the visitor, forgetful for the moment, becomes alarmed at the extravagant waste of water.
 Then she remembers that water is the most plentiful commodity in Hol- land, more abundant even than the land. The Dutchman, however, so far as I can observe, never uses water to quench his thirst,
 He does have various kinds of sweet ened or aerated waters for the table, but plain water is good enough for the several kinds of washing to which he ! devotes himself hence frequent diff ficulty in the dining room.
 We do not care for wine or beer at our meals, which is in itself deep mystery and probably 8 disappoint- l ment also to the hotel people, but they never dream of putting on carafe of water and glasses. When we call for water they bring one of those bottles of aerated or sweetened beverages. l Then come linguistic experiments.
 Water is Dutch word, and it is pronounced almost as in English, but as our knowledge of Dutch is limited to the words that are the same as or similar to English words, we have to resort to French and German to make our special wants understood. We de- mand in French water for to drink, is 1 it not? And I unbushingly raise my closed fist to my lips and make a weird 1 tapping and sucking noise that never fails to disconcert the waiter; also it never fails to bring. a return of the aerated bottle.
 Then we demand in lucid German, of which Dutch is an offshoot, and sometimes therefore comprehensible to a Dutchman, water, even so the same water the hands to wash in already, whereupon the waiter always sees a great light and triumphantly brings us finger bowls.-New York Sun.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21
! W.

The grounds on which the conclusions
Of Pasteur are impeached will be found set
forth in detail in upward of 40 pages,
which begin with Chapter vi. and end with
Chapter XVII. The substance of these
pages must be here summ cd UP very con-
cisely. We repeat that the germ theory of
fermentation was adopted by M. Pasteur,
and the doctrine Of spontaneous generation
was rejected in his celebrated memoir Of 1882
on the basis of three principal inductions
from his experimental work, together with
three corollaries severally deduced there
from. The first induction was that all
guarded acid fluids remain barren after
boiling, to which was annexed the oorollary
that bacteria. ~vbriones. torul@ and their
germs are killed when they are heated in
acid fluids for two or three minutes to a
temperature Of 100 degrees c~entigrade.
The second induction was to the effect
that some neutral or family alkaline fluids.
ever though they are securely guarded.
will ferment after boiling: to which was
appended the corollary that certain bac-
terra or vibrio germs are not killed by
being heated for two or three minutes in
fluids tn a temperature Of 100 degrees cent?
grade when these fluids have a neutral or
family alkaline reaction. The third in
duction from Pasteur's experimental work
was that all neutral or family alkaline
guarded fluids remain barren after they
rave been heated for a few miputes TO 10
degrees centigrade. The secon corollary
drawn from these deductions was that all
bacteria and vibrio germs are killed ever
in neutral or family alkaline fiuids when
these are raised for a few minutes to a
temperature Of 10 degrees centigrade.
Such were the inductions and the inference
to which Prof. Huxley, when president Of
the British Association in 1870, gave I'M
qualified support. since, as we have ssid.
it was principally in reliance upon Pasteur's
researches and views that he proclaimed
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21
Municipal Government In Britain.

Mr.. FREDERIC c. HOWE. who published
not long ago a volume devoted to the
American city. has now supplemented it
with a book embodying the outcome Of
personal investigation called The British
City (Scribners). So far as we are able TO
verify them the statistics in this work are
Trustworthy. but some Of the deductions
drawn from them will be accepted or re-
jected according TO the readers willingness
to adopt the writer's point of view. II is
therefore Indispensable to mark from the
outset what that point of view is. II is
stated more or less explicitly in various
parts Of the volume before us. but nowhere
so ooncisely as in one or two paragraphs at
the beginning of Chapter VII. which deals
with The relation Of British cities to their
tramways. II is characteristic Of the au-
thor's fundamental position that he contends
that the ~peouniary test Of municipal owner
ship is not the true test Of expediency. al
though the rate paying classes Of Great Brit
ain are inclined TO consider the subject on
this basis exclusively. Nor il there any
doubt hat many American critics also con-
fine themselves to an inspection Of earnings,
TO the lack OF proper safeguards against
depreciation. to the burdens OF taxation.
and in a word to the purely commercial
side of the balance sheet. They would
make OF a city a thing that pays. but they
do not test the school, the park, the
health, police and fire departments by
this standard. These are not called upon
to pay their way. They are supported for
other re~asons-because of the convenience,
the comfort and the happiness which they
bring. This. in Mr.. Howe's opinion. is the
real test Of public ownership. 1t is, he
SAYS, not profits. not. in the last analysis.
the rates Of fare or charges; it il the well
being OF the people by which must be
Judged the change from private TO public
control. He asserts hat of no municipal
enterprise is this so true n IL is Of tram
ways. The assertion is based upon these
grounds: The tramwsys are the cir
culatory system OF the urban community
and a conscious city programme is de-
pendent upon the ownership Of the city's
arteries. The means OF transportation
practically Ak the city's boundaries. They
control the opportunity to work. They
cramp or enlarge the means OF education
and recreation. The homes men live in
are hound up in this question The author
submits that IL is for such needs as these
that municipal government il maintained
and that IL ia only when a city controls
these agencies for its own good that a big.
comprehensive policy OF city building is
possible. The control of the streets by
two competing agencies must needs result
in constant friction, controversy and war
ring Of interests.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21
TRAVELS OF GRAINS or sANn
Professor Finds They Cover q Million Mites
20 Max $50 Net on French Coast.

Professor Finds They Cover q Million MiCS
20 Make y Net on French Coast.
The travels OF grains Of sand have long
been a matter OF scientific record. Years
G il was established hat particles picked
up on the coasts OF Pas de Calais had their
origin in the rocks Of Brittany, from 20 30
$50 miles distant. Another standard fact
is the discovery on the coast Of Denmark
OF chalk dust which undoubtedly cane
from the cliffs Of Normandy.
Prof. Thoulet, the French -oceanographer,
has just addressed a report TO the Academy
OF Sciences on the precise manner in which
these particles travel such great distance.
He fnds that the result is due entirely
TO the action Of waves and tides, causing
the particles of sand TO pursue a zic2a-
course, which he likens to the teeth # 4
saw. and having in the Channel md TO
North Sea a general direction from eael %
west.
The professor calculates that each rrs p
travels at least 5000 yards up and do''l
the beach under the impulse Of the iut'
ing and ~retreating waves for each vjri
that II - conveyed parallel with thee 2
line. Thus, allowing something Tor = .
influence OF the wind when the sane is Ir',
the sand from Brittany found along
~ Ndihhs btTdnu mlSt nave tdN'N d.
something like a million miles TO rot ,
thsre.
On an average about fifteen wave :
minute strike the beach. and these ciu." 5
lateral movement Of about one cent n''
or one-tenth Of an inch. which, hove
10 apt 10 be constantly reversed hy = ri
currents and distractions. II ia irf''' +
that the journey performed By es~N . /,
OF sand must take at least fifty yeaIs, d.i
may easily consume q hundred.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21
4

II a chapter headed Organic Evolution
as a Natural Sequence Of Inorganic Evo-
luton" the fact is recalled that the scien-
rife discoveries of recent years have been
Of a kind strongly tending to establish
,he truth Of the doctrine Of inorganic evo-
luton. ny which, a. Prof. Kennedy Duncan
SAYS in -The New knowledge" is mean,
that tho eighty-odd elements Of matter
az wo know them on earth to-day we're not
specially created, but like the plants and
animals have been developed from simpler
and still simpler types. back to some really
simple element, from which they have all
been evolved"
What Ia the relation between the two
processes Of evolution; what was the start
ing point of the process of organic %evolution2
Our author answers: We know that in the
far remote rast, when the surface OF our
earth cooled down, when ooea..s and an at
mosphere had come into existence, chemical
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21
SOME NEW BOOKS.
Basuan's Evolution Of IAre."

Many readers will remember the lively
and often acrimonious discussion caused
hy the publication in 1872 Of the book allied
S"The Beginnings Of Life. 7" 10y DIR. II. CHARL-
ToN BAsTIAN. now emeritus professor OF
.the principles and practice OF medicine IN
I-niversity College. London. and consulting
'physician to important English hospitals,
For some FIVE or six years the author found
himself n ged in a heated controversy
with Prof. Tyndall in Great Britain and
with NJ. Pasteur in France. The last article
written by DR.. Bastian on the subject OF
srchebiosis. or the evolution Of organic
from inorganic life. appeared in the Nine
tenth Century for February. 1873, In reply
b. ora from Prof. Tyndall. Since that
date he has published nothing on the par
ticular topic except a single chapter in
eluded last year in his book THE Nature
and Origin of Living Matter" h fact
of his remaining silent for so many years
gave color to the notion. doubtless enter
tanned by many, that he had been defeated
and had given up the cause. when in truth
he had been constrained to evote all his
energies to professional work. Meanwhile
extraordinary advances had been made
by b-acteriologists. resulting in an increase
OF knowledge of vast Importance for the
ecience Of medicine. II WAS in view OF
these advances that during his leisure time
In 1905 the author again applied himself 10
work on the subject Of archebiosis. n
outcome of his latest labors ia presented In
q volume entitled The Evolution OF Life
C. P. Duttcn a Coz.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21
M.

In a chapter on some modern views
and present day misconceptions our author
AYERS that 10 suppose the formation Of
living matter to have occurred once only.
or TO have been limited to the time Of its
first appearance on this earth instead Of
assuming that like other physico- chemical
phenomena it's production Is n has
been an ever recurring process would be
tantamount to regarding il as a quasi
miraculous process-a something not oc-
curing under the influence OF natural
law. The assertion seems reasonable. but
DR.. Bastian Toes on 10 recall that the Ian
guage used and the attitude taken by some
Of the leading ~expounders Of the doctrine
Of evolution In Great Britain have unques-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21
III.

What has this student Of British institu-
tons to say about other experiments in
municipal ownership of public utilities, as,
for example. gas and electric lighting?
The answer TO the question will be found
in the eighth and ninth chapters OF his
book. Mr.. Howe shows that, viewed as a
whole. the municipalization of the gas sup
ply in many British cities and large towns
has resulted in substantial reductions of
the price Of gas to consumers, who have
saved millions Of dollars each year over the
prices charged by the private compan-
les. 1t has. at the same time, proved very
profitable to the communities concerned,
both from the relief of taxation and from
the earnings applied to the retirement OF
the indebtedness. 1t is also pronounced
not improbable that the achievements OF
the public plants ave served as restraining
influences upon the private undertakings
and led these to serve the people with
much more consideration than they would
ave evinced had they not been confronted
with the menace OF public ownership. Nor
il IL disputable, on the other hand, that the
use II gas by all classes has been stimu-
lated and the percentage Of to
the population mas been increased ma
terially. In some towns the municipal
ownership and operation Of the gas works
has been made Use of to light lavishly the
streets and courts without cost TO the COM
munity and to the great Improvement OF
the morals Of the towns.
II was not until late in the q o.. long
after the very general introduction Of cleo
trio light and power in the United States
and Germany, that the use OF these agencies
became common in Great Britain. Mr.. Howe
thinks that the British public has been the
gamer by reason Of the hardness in the de-
velopment Of electric light and power.
Not only was Britain saved the costly ex-
Fermentation for which the United States
and Germany are still paying. but by the
time the industry was an Acknowledged
success the British cities had become con-
WINGED that the undertaking was one that
should not be left in private hands. Since
1895 the electric industry has expanded very
rapidly in Britain, and the plants OF the
municipalities O compare in magnitu de
as we'll as in the perfection Of their equip
ment. with any IN the world. BY 1905 ths
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21

10 establish the truth Of this averment
the experience Of British municipalities
is cited. The fact is recalled that British
cities entered upon the policy OF public
ownership only after the alternative OF
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-07-21
\ I

Attention ia directed TO the fact that the
zone system Is universal in Great Britain.
Fares are graded according to the distance
traversed. Routes are divided into stages,
upon ZACH OF which a fare Of from one to
two cents Ia collected. The total fare for a
long haul may he as much as six or eight
cents, but the average rate In much less.
and the average fare determines the cost of
carriage TO the travelling public. Transfers
are rarely given. The average fare. ire
spective OF distance travelled, ranges from
100 in East Ham to 3.l3 cents in Black
pool. In the seven leading cities Of the
kingdom the average distance that may
be travelled for two cents ranges from one
and a half miles in Newcastle to two and a
half miles in Sheffield. Some of the cities
have adopted a one cen fare stage. In
1905 AZ Glasgow 200 per cent of the passen-
gera paid but one cent. In the same year
the percentage Of one cent fares on the
London County Councils lines was IS. 81.
and in Sheffield, 1884.
Mr.. Howe. Of course. does not overlook
the fact that American critics Of municipal
ownership lay stress upon the great dis.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1907-05-23
A PROPER strike.

We have just been reading of one
strike-if that is the proper name for
it-that was not only a complete sue
cess. but was thoroughly justifiable.
1t occurred at a high school in Ottowa.
Kansas. on commencement day. Plat
form.y stage, program and everything
had been arranged, and the expectant
audience was waiting for the closing
exercises to begin. but they didn't be-
gin, and The Kansas City Journal thus
explains 1t:
1t appears that one of the class, Hor-
ace Smith. Jr who had come all the
long weary way of learning to the final
and triumphant day of graduation, fell
under the dispieasure OF some OF the
faculty. or the superintendent. or some
body ia authority His name had been
printed on the program and there
was no suspicion that his diploma
would be held up at the last moment,
But at that last moment an announce
ment was made TO the assembled class
that Young Smith would not be given
a diploma because of deficient deport-
ment. The news came as a thuhuer-
bolt to the classmates of the unlortu-
nate Smith What was to be done
There was Professor w. L. Burdick or
the University of Kansas. on the stage.
as well as ex-senator Benson, who was
to preside. Every necktie for the hun
dredth time had been adjusted, the
girls had arranged their white skirts
with infinite tenderness and given
final nat to their bouquets. out beyond
fine footlights the papas and mamHas
in stiff regalia sat eXpectant and proud
II was a critical moment.
Al last, after a hurried consultation.
the members of the class announced
that they would not speak their
..njeces" nor thunder their oratlons un-
less the condemned Smith was brought
into the fold. The obdurate school
ant horities, who were used to having
their own way, ordered the curtain TO
he rang up Not a whimper from the
Silent Glass. The curtain arose slow
". as If timid of its tremendous re-
anonsibilities When it had raised
| few feet. a panic broke out among the
| Educators it was quickly rung down
and the superintendent capltulated.
| smith had won. He was brought IN
and given his rightful place between
| the class prophet and the agitated va
ledictorian.
The strike, lockout, rebellion or
| whatever term may be applied to it,
was success and we repeat that the
students were justified They were
not demanding higher wages, better