davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

The CHRONICLE has again been
awarded the contract for doing
the village printing at the very
low rate of so cents an inch,
single column measure. While
this price may seem small COM
pared to the rate received during
the past two years we can say
the old rate was not too high,
but only a just compensation for
the services rendered, the same
as is asked by all classes of bust
ness houses. However, rather
than see the village ordinances
posted up around town like cir
Gus posters the CHRONICLE de-
cided to accept the lower rate,
which barely covers the cost OF
labor, and we feel confident that
1 if the village board gets as close
figures on all other work it has
done during it's term of office
there will certainly not be any
great amount of the funds OF
the village wasted or uselessly
expended.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
VILLAGE BOARD DOINGS.

The new board of village trust
ees met with the old board at
the First National Bank on April
9th, and after the old board
wound up it's business, was
sworn into office with the excep-
ton of A. J. Payne, who was
absent.
After the oath of Office was adj
ministered the new board organ
lied by electing Stuart Severns
chairman.
J. V. Baker was then reap
pointed city marshal at his reg
ular salary of sos a month and
M. M. Belknap was a appointed
as village clerk at salary of $40
a month. Council rooms having
been secured over Sims store
the board then changed the night
of meeting to the first Monday OF
each month and adjourned to
meet again on April lit at the
new location.
On April 18th the board met
with all members present anC
Councilman Payne was sworr
into office.
The board then contracted
with F. S. Winner to publish tn
city ordinances and reports at
rate of so cents an inch. w. M
Schiller was reelected cit.
treasurer and the chairman thel
appointed the following com
mittees: Street committee
Payne, Severns and Mckinney
Cemetery committee-Fuchs
Payne and Mckinney. Auditing
committee Robertson, Severn
and Fuchs. Meeting then ad
journed until April 18th.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

Send the Chronicle for a year
to your friends back east. Let
them know what is doing on
Camas Prairie.
Today is the last day of school
at the local public school and
Appropriate exercises will be held
this afternoon and a picnic en-
joyed by the students.
Fred Johnson, of the firm of
Johnson & Wells. has secured a
contract on the prairie between
this place and Grangeville and
will soon commence work.
Contractor Emmons, who has
the contract out on the prairie
near Fem, is in town this week
and expects to soon have a crew
of men and teams here with
which to commence on his con-
tract in the very near future.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
The weather WEDNESDAY look
ed like the March lion was but
ting in on April somewhat.

The mess Attorney Ruick is
stirring up before the federal
grand jury down at Boise is apt
to get him into a tight hole UNI
less he has the goods to deliver
at the proper time. Meanwhile
he is not lettering his own repu-
tation greatly at the expense Of
others.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
SWEET IDA no.

You have heard of Siwash maidens,
You have heard of Zulu bellies,
You have list to German legends
Like to those that Goethe tells,
But | will tell the story
OF another kind of girl
A girl who is Yankee,
A girl who is pearl.
Her face is like an angels,
Her eyes with lovelight shine,
Her every movement graceful,
Her form form divine.
Her hair is like the raven,
Her brow is like the snow,
Her heart is true and gentle,
And her name is Ida Ho.
For her I'd leave Virginia,
I'd leave my Mary Land,
I'd part with Mrs Sippi,
The widow, fair and bland,
I'd leave my Louisa Anna
And other Annas too,
I'd bid farewell to Georgia,
Though Georgia would be true.
I'd part from Minnie Sofa,
I'd part from Della Ware,
I'd leave brunette Miss Souri,,
The Carolina pair.
These women all are lovely,
True hearted girls, know;
But I'd give them all the go-by,
And cleave to Ida Ho.
| like her breezy manner,
like her honest days,
I like her in the moonlight,
like her sunny ways,
l stroll with her through arbOrs
That hang with golden fruit,
| hear across the meadows
A birding pipe its lutte.
walk with her by rivers,
That flow to distant seas,
And side by side breathe perfumes
Distilled 10y every breeze.
Good bye, my own Virginia,
And other girls l know
I'm hanging round the gate post
OF girl named Ida Ho.
j. E. DEFEBAUGH, in South Il
Herald,
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

Dock" Rossi, the Italian who
created such a stir at Lewiston
about a year ago, and who
promised to erect several million
dollar mansions in that vicinity
and also finance the electric rail
road, is now languishing in an
Italian prison where it is said, he
will remain for the rest of his
life. What a fine news item has
thus cruelty been squashed.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

The Standard Oil company has
been indicted on 1863 counts. 1t
is now up to the government to
see if this monster of iniquity
can be punished for its crimes.
The law says it can be fined
$29, OOO,O but as the fine would
come directly out of the pockets
of the laboring classes some
other kind of punishment should
be selected.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

A Choctaw maiden named Miss
Waneta Toskatomba, pretty and
worth 100000, announces that
she prefers to devote herself to
charity rather than matrimony.
And yet it would be an act of
charity to marry some young
man who needs the money.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

We understand the COW ques-
ton is soon to come up again but
as the, city council is plenty able
to handle the matter we will not
forecast their decision.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

We are in receipt of a copy of
the report on state immigration,
labor and statistics cotton up by
Col. Allan Miller, state immigra-
ton agent. The book is full of
interesting matter from cover to
cover and will do much to adver-
tise the resources of the state.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

An Oklahoma paper advises
young men to use their heads as
well as their hands. In other
words, when you can't open the
door of opportunity just butt it in.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

A Chicago woman sued for
divorce because her husband told
her she looked like one of her
aunts. After look at the aunt
the court awarded the divorce.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

A girl is naturally so innocent
that if fellow kisses her, she
thinks he is reciting the ten
commandments.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

A heavy frost has killed
practically the entire fruit crop
in Kansas. There is always
something wrong with Kansas.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

Mr.. Hartmann announces that
he is going to "give more atten-
ton to the public. Hands on
your pockets!
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

Sunday closing in Scotland,
like prohibition in certain Ameri-
can States, may be robbed of its
terrors by a little tact and fore
thought. Writing apropos of
the closing of hostelries on Sun
day Zone who has been there"
says that anyone who can pur-
suade his medical man that the
following is a useful prescription
to take with him, should he be
visiting that or any other Scott
ish city for a Weekend
Sp. Vini Gall. OF. i.
Aqua Sodee Effervesce OF. iv
Misce- .
will find it's presentation at an!
chemists and at any time of thu
day crowned with a very happ.
result.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
DRESS GOODS

400 yards of Dress Goods in
Solid Shades, and Fancy Suit
ings-40 and SOC goods, now
zoe
75c line of Suitings, Bril-
liantines, etc., now
6Oc
$3.50 Dress Goods, black,
colors and mixtures, now
Sl.2O
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
FRIDAY, APRIL 10, 1907.

Copy for change of ad. must be handed in by
noon to insure a change.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

Subscription one gear. 81 O
SIC Months ................,.. LOO
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
CANVAS PRAIRIE CHRONICLE
;sUED EVERY FRIDAY

F. s. winner, Editor and Proprietor.
ISSUED EVERY FRIDAY.
Entered at the Postoffice at Cottonwood, Idaho,
for transportation through the mail as second
class matter.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
HOSIERY

Ladies', Misses and Child
rens' Hose, zoe values, now 2
pair for
Csc
Boys and Ladies' Csc Hose,
this sale 8 pair for
soc
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19

Don't Wait Too Long.
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
FLEECED GOODS

Our 128c line of Dark and
light Fleeced Goods and Fine
Flannelettes, now
1Oc
Camas Prairie chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1901-1917, 1907-04-19
SHOES & HATS

New line of the Mayer
Milwaukee-Shoes, and the
celebr ated Gordon Hats, at
EASTERN PRICES
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-03-07
ANOTHER BUSINESS BLOCK.
South Side of Heron Street From n
to ! to be Covered.

Plans are being drawn for business
blocks to cover the block on the south
side OF Heron street between II and l.,
that promise the finest block 90 far erect
ed in the city. Architect Troutman is
at work on 100 front feet by 100 feet dec
for w. B. Mack and J. K. Dabney. which
will be the first erected.
A. b. R-inboth, of Amboy, H., who
owns the 25 feet east of Mr.. Mack, has
arranged for the party wall. and will
build this season. and J. &. Lewis, who
DADS the 50-foot corner at H street, is
preparing to build. Harding 4 Engen
and Cliff NJ. Weatherwax own the 100
feet Oh the street corner, which they
have been Offering to build on to suit
tentnts for some time. go that in all
probability the entire block will be COW
cred with handsome structures before
fall.
The Dabney-Mack building will be SO
planned az to permit the entire lower
floor, lOoxl3O feet. to be thrown into one
room when required, and will have %.
inch walls on the first story. and 17.inch
on the second floor. so as to carry an.
other story when needed.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-03-07
ALONG THE WATER FRONT.
Vessels Coming and Going and Loading at the
Saw Mills.

Vessels Coming and Going and Loading at the
Saw Mills.
The schooner Geneva is loading at the
Union mill for San Francisco.
The schooner Meta Nelson is loading
, at the Michigan mill for Hio. II. l..
The schooner Oliver J. Olson is loading
at the A. J. West mill for San Diego.
The barkentine Arago is at the A. j.
West mill. loading for san Francisco.
The schooner Watson A. West is at
the S;ade mill, loading for San Pedro.
The schooner S. T. Alexander is at the
Union mill, loading for Kahrlui. H.,
The schooner G. w. Watson is loading
at the HARDWOOD mill or San Francisco.
The steamer Svea called yesterday
from the Wilson mill for San Francisco,
The steamer Quiniault sailed yesterday
from the Union mill for San Francisco.
The steamer Grace Dollar called yes.
terday from the Dryden & Leitch mill
for San francisco.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-03-07

Sheet music, plenty of it at Evans
Dru, Co. #
DR.. E. E. Lane, Dentist. Hayes &
Hayes building. Telephone III. If
Dean for good values in crockery and
glassware. Investigate. 2ll Il st. tt
DR.. D. G. Uric has Office rooms over
Burnetts store. Phone S441 or 349l. 47-tf
Mrs. j. H. Fuller entertained a mum.
Der OF her old schoomates at luncheon
yesterday afternoon.
Mapes & Melrose have moved their
real estate office to the room on II street
vacated by the Soule Piano Co.
Mr. and Mrs. G. r. Green entertained
party of friends at dinner Tuesday
evening in honor OF Mr.. and Mrs. A, d.
Wood.
W. u. Entrop, of Mediord, Oregon
who was raised in Aberdeen, is IN the
city shaking hands with his numerous
friends.
Mr.. and Mre. A. D. Wood. left on the
steamer Quinaut yesterday mo, Mug for
San Francisco. They will be absent
about month.
Il. NJ. Powell, Wholesale Oils. Gaso-
line, Distilates. Lnbricatiny and I,Ium-
mating Oils. AS East Wishkah street .
Telephone 2o7l. 5Olf
Judge Will Lanning is having the
store room at PIG South G. just vacated
by A. ". Barkley, fitted up for court
room and real estate offices.
The Chehals County Teachers Iusti-
tn'e held In this city will close tomorrow
afternoon. All in attendance pronounce
the gathering the most helpful and
pleasant they ever attended and all are
loud in their praise of the hospitality of
the Aberdeen people.
Marine Inspectors Whitney and Turn.
or were down from Seattle this week
heari 'g the case OF Capt. Martin Harri-
son, and the charge that the steamer
(lulnaut WAS responsible for the strand.
ing OF the schooner Endeavor. Captains
Whitney and Turner left yesterday for
Seattle, and will make their decisions
known later.
Miss Fannie McNamee. the eldes,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Nc.
Nance, died at II: 50 o'clock yesterday
morning Of typhoid fever. aged l6 years
:, The funeral will take place at 9:3J to.
morrow morning, services at the Pres.
byterian church. The hour is thus
early on account of the tide, the NORTH
Aberdeen ferry only working at certain
stages Of the tide.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-03-07

DR.. d. A. Schumacher, over the state
Bank 46-tf
Reuben Fleet. Of Muntesano, had bust
hess in tie city Tuesday.
Dean for best Tea and c, flee. Phone
AL for prompt delivery. If
Tue latest E:Agaziues and other read
ing mate at Evand Dug Co. #
Stamp Photos for short time at Ros-
ton studio, 3161a South f street. 45.St
Mrs J G Hogan visited Representa-
tive Hogan at Olympia This week.
"A. W. Barkley and Z. f. Cork are in
Tacoma serving on the federal jury.
DIR. u. G. Uric has office rooms over
Burnett's store. Phone 244l or 349I. Al If
Alex. G. Girard, Of Hoqniam. has been
appointed coroner, vice DIR Campbell,
deceased.
For Quincy. Express or Dray, call IA.
"A Star Transfer. Your orders prompt.
~ filled. tt
Mrs. c. T. DeI.osh is entertaining a
party of lady friends at luncheon this
af ernoon.
A. D. Devonshire, president Of the
! Montesano State bank. had business in
Aberdeen. Tuesday.
Albert Brachvogel is taking advantage
Of the school vacation this week to Welt
| friends in Portland.
On account of the Car shortage the
planning mills of several OF the local mills
in Aberdeen, are closed.
q. NJ. Powell, Wholesale Oils. Gaso.
line Distiiates, Luhricating and IlInm-
mating Oils. AIS East Wishksh street.
Telephone 257l. Soft
William Koch. of Dee Moines, Iowa,
Grand Foreman OF the American Yeo.
men, will visit the Aberdeen Home stead
March 20, when they will 81 recep.
ton in his honor.
Webb F. Safer. travelling passenger
agent for the n. p. Ry. Co, and j. L.
Bridges, who occupies similar position
on the Pennsylvania lines, were in the
city on business yesterday.
Are you tired, tagged out, nervous
sleepless. feel mean? Hollister's Rocky
Mountain Tea strengthens the nerves,
aids digestion. brings refreshing sleep.
35 cents Tea or Tablets. W. b. Paine &
Co.
Deputy Collector Dorm has imposed a
fine OF 800 on the steamer Quinault and
SlC0 on Capt. Al. Stream for navigating
on Grays Harbor without the papers fol
an inland pilot.T As the violation of the
law is purely technical, it is probable
that the fines will be RENTED.
J NJ. r. Sherw God has bought the resi-
! dence of Jas. Fl. Hackett on Second and
| streets, and will move his family from
South Aberdeen to his new home, in a
few days. Mr.. Sherwood represents the
first ward in the city council but under
the law governing cities of the second
class he will not lose his seat by moving
into another ward.
Maurice w. Fuller returned from his
claim at Kosmos, Lewis Co., Tuesday
for short visit in Aberdeen. He re-
ports hard winter in that section,
mnch damage having been done by the
floods to improved farms and roads in
the valley. He was accompanied on
his trip out by Capt. H. A. Benham,
who went to Medford, RECON, on a
shor. visit.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-03-07
How to Remain Young.

To continue young in health and
strength, do as Mrs. N. F. Rowan, Nc
Donough, Ga, did. She says: "Three
bottles of Electric Bitters cured me of
chronic liver and stomach trouble comp.
heated with such an unhealthy condi-
ton of the blood that my skin turned
red as flannel. am now practically 20
years younger than before 1 took Elec-
trio Bitters. l can now do all my work
with ease and assist in my husbands
store" Guaranteed by Evans Drug Co.
Price so cents. m
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1907-09-27

other circumstances experienced road
builders prefer the macadam construc-
ton. The earth foundation for either
system is identical.
MACADAM.
The first course or foundation of the
macadam road can be made of the
coarsest stones from the crusher, and
that each stone shall weigh not over q
ounces. After having rolled this foun
dation apply enough ground stone or
eoarie sand to fill the interstices. This
should be wetted and thoroughly rolled.
Upon this foundation the surface ma
terial should be placed. wetted and
thoroughly rolled. The stones of which
this surface material is composed should
not be larger in diameter than II inches
Gronnd-stone or coarse sand should
then be spread upon the surface, wetted
and rolled as before. until hard.
smooth surface is obtained.
TELFoRD
The telford foundation is composed
of stones of various sizes. not exceeding
10 inches in length and 6 inches in
breadth. These stones are placed on
the road, breaking joints as near as
possible; the interstices are filled with
stoue chips, or small stone. This foun
dation should be covered with coarse
sand or stone, or if neither of these car
be obtained, fine loan may be used, 81
that all voids may be filled and the
whole brought to hard and uniform
surface by rolling. A layer of broker
stone is then added and treated as IL
the macadam system.
1t is necessary to the maintenance O
a road that it should be higher in tn
middle than at the sides. If it is fla
in the center it soon becomes concave
and its middle becomes pool or mut
hole if on level or water course /
on an incline.
Ordinarily the chief work done b.
country people on highways is repairing
the damage resulting from neglect
WHY this negligenceP The adage, -
stitch in time saves nine, can never b
applied more appropriately TO anything
than to the maintenance or repair of al
kinds of roads.
Board County Commissioners.
w. r, HOLMES, Clerk
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1907-09-27
Bennington Blossoms.

The farewell party given last Monday
evening for the missionary boys, was
social and financial success. The boys
left Wednesday for Salt Lake, from
which place they dapart early next
month for their fields of labor Jared
Parker will labor in Germany, VIM.
Perkins in the Southesn States and
Wallace Weaver in New Zealand The
sum of $50 was presented to each of
them.
School commences next Monday with
Mrs Sarah Mckenzie as print ipal and
Bertha Merrill as primary teacher.
Mr.. and Mrs. David Barker are re-
joicing over the arrival of daughter
at their home on September 22nd.
The farmers are busy gathering in
their grain. On account of the cool
summer and early frosts the crops will
fall below the average yield.
MIR. and Mrs. J, Welker are visiting
in Logan this week.
Archie Graham and the Misses Dora
and Rosetta Welker are registered a,
Fielding Academy, while Hattie and
Maroni Jensen and Lorin Merrill are
attending school at Logan.
Miss Marian Lindsay went to Brig
ham City Wednesday for weeks visit
among relatives.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1907-09-27
Notice to Sheep Men.

The following is the inspection line
between summer and winter ranges in
Bear Lake county:
Commencing at point where the Q.
y L. railway intersects the Bear Lake
Lake comfy line, thence following the
O. s. l.. railway TO Montpelier, thence
following the county road via Paris to
the Utah line.
According to law. all sheep must be
inspected before crossing this line and
for violation of same, owners and per-
sons in charge lay themselves liable to
a fine of $780,
All owners are warned not to cross
this line without holding clean certif-
icate and are requested to notify the
sheep inspector in time so he can in
spect their sheep without any delay at
the line.
Sheep will be inspected not only for
scabbies. but for contagious Foot Root,
and either disease must be eradicated
before IL certificate is issued.
ALI sheep owners are requested to no
tify the inspector at once If they have
any ,sy mptoms of Foot Root among
their sheep, that it may be eradicatet
on the summer range and not cause de
lay or congestion of sheep along the in
spection line. M
JAS. w. DAVIS,
Sheep Inspector for Bear Lake County
G. E. NORLE,
State Veterinarian
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1907-09-27
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
Department of the Interior.


Land O9ice at Bfackfoot, Idaho, Sept. Is, 1907
Notice is hereby given that William Ii. Lind
say. for and in behalf of the heirs OF George II.
Lindsay, deceased, OF Bear Lake County, Idaho,
has filed notice of his intention to make final
communication proof in support of his claim, viz:
Homestead Entry No. 107l9 made February
1906, for the sE14 Section 80, Township ID s.
Range As f. B.. M and that said proof will be
made before DeMeade Austin, U. s. Commits
sioner at his office, at Paris, Idaho, on October
20, 1907.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of, the land, viz:
George H. Cook of Dingle, Idaho; Henry Cook
of Oingle, Idaho; Robert Banks of Montpelier,
Idaho; John II. Grimmett oi Paris, Idaho.
HENRY w. KIEFER.
or Register
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1907-09-27
Alias Summons


County of Bear Lake, State of Idaho.
JOHN X. Brennan and M. ]. Davis partners as
Brennan g. Davis, Plaintiffs
VS..
c. f. Foster. Defendant.
The State of Idaho sends greeting to @ f
Foster, Defendant:
You are hereby summoned to appear before
me at my ONCE In Montpelier, in the County of
Bear Lake, and State OF Idaho, on the 7th day
Of November. 1907. at 10 O'Clock q. M. in an
action brought against you by said plaintiffs "a
answer the complaint OF the above named
plaintiffs. Sand action is brought TO recover
from you the sum OF Forty and 56-lOo dollars
Tue and owing from yon TO plaintiffs being
balance OF account for goods and merchandise
sold and delivered to you by said plaintiffs, M
Montpelier, Idaho. as more particularly appears
from the complaint on file herein, . copy of
which is served herewith aud made a part here
Of, and you are hereby warned that judgment
win be taken against you for the sum of sac "a
together with the costs OF this suit, If You fan
TO appear and answer
10 the sherin or any constable Of said county
greeting;
Make legal service and due return hereof
Given under my hand this 10th day of August
1907. THOMAS BARRETT
Justice OF the Peace
I. L. GLENN,
s-0st ATTY. for plaintiffs
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1907-09-27
CokeviIIe Notes.

A friend from Cokeville sends us the
following holes:
j, w. Stoner is very much better and
hapes to be out in few days,
Three nice new residences are now in
course of construction.
Fl. G. King returned from hunting
trip few days ago, bring in fine elk,
which he killed.
Church work is encouraging. there
being good attendance at each service.