davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

the success achieved in submarine ex-
periments in Narragansett bay off
Newport during the past summer, the
Porpoise and Shark being used for
the purpose. The officers in charge
have refrained from making public the
results of the experiments, but it is
known that each has made over 500
miles with gasoline engines under con-
ditions that rendered this notable.
They have also accomplished moro in
maneuvers under water than had here
tofore been attempted, and the sub
marine department of the navy is be-
lieved to have been materially
strengthened by the knowledge gained
during the past year.
Varying Methods Used.
To the landsman there would seem
small difference in submarines. The
general principle of all is the same.
When ready to go under the surface
they are made almost as heavy as the
surrounding water by admitting water
to the ballast tanks and then dropping
below the surface either by diving,
through the movement of the boat and
the use of the horizontal rudder or on
an even keel by further admission Of
water.
In the methods employed, however,
there are differences between the Hol,
land and Lake types which are radi
cal in their effect on the efficiency of
the craft, and friends of the Lake boat
have maintained that in the coming
test it's superiority will be demon
strated In spite of the governments
previous adherence to the Holland
boat.
The great increase in attention Civ
en- by naval powers during the past
two or three years to submarine con-
struction, of which the Narragansett
bay tests are evidence, naturally Gre
ates interest in previous attempts to
employ submarines in warfare. 1t Is
popularity but incorrectly assumed that
submarines are an extremely recent
development of naval science. Few
people are aware that they were ac-
tually employed by the American col
onies during the revolution and that
during the civil war a federal cruiser
was blown up by confederate sub
marine.
The boats thus employed were, of
course, crude affairs in comparison
with the craft that will meet in COM
petition down the bay, but they were
interesting examples of early expert
ments and sufficiently refute the no
ton that submarines are strictly mod
ern affairs. But for an unforeseen OBJ
stacle the submarine built by David
Bushnell, a Connecticut inventor, dur
ing the revolution would have blown
up one OF the British men-of-war lying
OF Brooklyn at time when the col
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

onies were in dire straits and success
in Bushnell's enterprise would have
seemed like miracle sent from
heaven by the underwater route.
Had Washington's Approval.
Bushnells plans we're approved by
Washington, and a turtle-shaped boat
holding air enough to permit the sim
gle operator to remain under water
half an hour was built. The operator
succeeded in getting under the bot
toms of several of the British vessels,
but found them copper sheathed,
which prevented the attaching OF the
torpedoes with screw as mad been
the plan. 1t was the primitive char
acter of the torpedoes available, there
fore, rather than the limitations of the
boat itself, which caused the enter
prise TO fail.
During the civil war submarine
constructed by an Indiana shoemaker
was employed by the confederates in
Charleston harbor, and they succeeded
with 1t in sinking the cruiser Housa-
tonic. The boat was a clgar-shaped
craft carrying a crew of nine, and was
propelled by oars ingeniously equipped.
1t has been claimed that she was run.
ming practically on the surface when
she made her attack and that there.
fore her effectiveness as submarine
was not fully demonstrated.
1t remains, however, the only in
stance when submarine has been
successfully employed in actual war
fare, and the manner of the attack
will never be known, for the explosion
of the torpedo which sent the cruiser
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
al W rs dl87NaNV AlaaQak ZlaeI M0NSaE Nz0R2sN0Aa11

officers are strongly opposed to sub
marines and that their actual worth
in war is still to be demonstrated, the
United States In deciding to continue
their construction is merely following
the example of European powers. Rus.
STA and Japan each ordered subma-
rines during the recent war, but none
of them was put into use so far as is
known. France has thus far led the
way, and now has fleet of over 30
submarines. They are, however, Of
varying sizes and types, the French
having apparently been unable to de-
eide upon a fixed type.
Britain uses Holland Type.
Great Britain paid small attention
to submarines till within few years,
but now has considerable feet much
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
Japanese Watch Closely.

On one of the preliminary trials of
the submarines the Japanese officers
chartered a yacht and followed the
little boats until finally the American
officials asked them to desist This re-
suited in calling the affair to the at
tention of the higher authorities at
Washington, and it came to public at
tention when President Roosevelt is
sued an order granting the Japanese
permission to observe unhindered
anything in the way of construction
which they desired at the yard
From this it is inferred that the
Japanese officials, as well as some
from other nations, may be on hand
during the tests in Narragansett bay
to gain as much information as they
can in regard to the probable addition
to the United States navy. That such
observation will not be welcomed is
evident from the attitude of the naval
officials in the Fore River case, and
from the cloud of secrecy and mystery
which they have attempted to throw
over the preparations for the tests.
From the notices sent to prospective
competitors outlining the require
ments and the nature of the tests, no.
tices which the navy department itself
declined to make public, the impor.
lance of the event in naval progress is
evident. For one of the tests storm
at sea will be necessary, since each
contestant will be required to demon
strate it's stability in as rough water
as Neptune can be induced to furnish
for the occasion. Point Judith's rec
ord for heavy weather in winter is
such that no difficulty is anticipated
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
"CIeanllness Is Next

We have all heard that Cleanliness
Is next to godliness," but the origin
of the proverb has been obscure, no
doubt, to many. This maxim is an alb
stract religious principle contained in
an old commentary on Isaiah where
the practical doctrines of religion are
resolved into carefulness, vigorous
ness, guiltlessness. abstemiousness,
and cleanliness. And cleanliness is
next to godliness, which is next to
enthusiastically Magazine.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

There is more Catarrh In this section Of the country
than ali other diseases put together and until the last
few years was supposed to be incurable For great
many years doctors pronounced It local disease and
prescribed local remedies, and by constantly failing
10 cure with local treatment pronounced incurabe
Science has proven Catarrh TO be constitutional dis
and therefore requires constitutional treatment.
Hairs Catarrh Cure manufactured by +. j. Cheney
Co.. Toledo, Ohio, is the only Constitutional cure on
the market 1t is taken internally in doses from 10
drOps to teaspOOnfu 1t acts directly on the blood
and mucous surfaces OF the system. They offer one
hundred dollars for any Il fails to cure Send
for circulars and testimonials.
Address: F. J. CHENEY g. CO., Toledo, Ohio.
Sold by Druggists, 75c.
Take Hairs Family Pills for constipation.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

New York.-A battle royal between
submarines, the most exhaustive con-
test ever held between these craft, is
scheduled to take place in the waters
OF Narragansett bay and the sea off
the Rhode Island coast this month.
Every conceivable test to which a
submarine boat can be subjected to
determine It's reliability and effective
ness will be employed, a week or more
being devoted to each competitor, and
on the result will depend the choice of
the United States government in the
further development Of this branch
of Its naval service that has been de-
cided upon.
An appropriation of 100000 Is
now available for the building of sub
marines as soon as the type is de-
cided upon. Further appropriations
are expected, in order that this gov
eminent may keep pace with European
powers in submarine activity more
nearly than It has been doing.
Eight of these curious craft are now
in the American navy, and four more
are nearing completion at the Fore
River shipyard. All these are of the
Holland type, which has 80 far re-
tanned its supremacy in the opinion Of
naval authorities, though not without
bitter competition on the part of the
Lake Submarine company, with Occa-
sional charges of undue influence.
Some indication of the interest
which the coming tests will arouse
among naval men of this country and
the experts of foreign powers may be
seen in the recent incident at the Fore
River yard, Fore River, Mass, when
Japanese officers stationed there dur
ing the building of some turbines
for their government displayed a curl
osity in regard to the new submarines
that caused American officials to
worry.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

With q smooth iron and Defiance
Starch, you can launder your shirt
waist just as well at home as the
steam laundry can; 1t will have the
proper stiffness and finish, there will
be less wear and tear of the goods,
and it will be positive pleasure to
use Starch that does not stick to the
iron.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
pIayinu at Occultlsnn.

There is a danger to-day of psychi.
cal research degenerating into fash.
ionable society amusement without
practical aims, and there are promi.
nent members of the Society for
Psychical Research who do less than
little to discourage this tendency
Occult Review
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
But Who Can CONQUER Eate2

THE best way to defeat and con-
quer danger is to march right up to it
and strike it between the eyes" says
the Baltimore American. The man
who is about to be run down by an
automobile should remember this
Kansas City journal.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
The Infinite.

From every point Of view and from
everything that the human mind
touches we are in touch everywhere
with the infinite, and the infinite is
just as absolute fact as the most
finite thing touched by the mind or the
physical being of man.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

Defiance Starch is the latest inven-
ton in that line and an improvement
on all other makes; 1t is more eco
uomical, does better work, takes less
time. Get it from any grocer.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

Lewis Single Binder straight Be. Many
smokers refer them to l0c cigars. Your
dealer or evils Factory, Peoria, I'll.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

Top Prices for Hides, Furs, PeIts.
Write for circular and catalogue No. 0,
N. w. Hide Il Fur Co., Minneapolis.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

And by not getting married some
men manage to live happily ever
after.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

Men never fully appreciate the
blessings of poverty until after they
break into the millionaire class.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

Heart failure ana cash failure often
go together.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

Even a busy man must take O. day
off sooner or later for the purpose Of
attending his own funeral.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

Mrs. Wlnsiow's Soothing Syrup.
For children teothns, sOieBs The gums, reduces IN.
nammatlcn aays pain, cures wind collU 2Jc bottle.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
Important TO Mothers.

Examine carefully every bottle OF CASToRfA,
a safe aud cure remedy for infants and children,
and SEQ that II
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

amount used during the test will be
carefully noted.
A depth of $50 feet is about as great
as submarines would be called on to
reach in actual service, but in the
coming tests, to quote the announce
ment to builders, mo boat will be &C
cepted as fulfilling all the require
ments of the navy department unless
the boat will stand without damage
the stresses due to an actual sub.
mergence of at least 200 feet"
Other tests will include speed trials
over measured mile courses In light,
cruising and awash conditions, sub
merged speed trials, firing OF torpedoes
in submerged and other conditions,
mining, countermining, cable cutting
and handling torpedoes.
The details of the tests, including
the number of trials to each boat un-
der the varying conditions, are left
entirely in the hands of the trial
board, of which Capt. Adolph Mark,
U. S. N, is chairman. The test is to
last as long as necessary to complete
the trials under every condition of
weather that is desired 1t was sug-
gested by the secretary of the navy
that the date be changed on account
of the probability of cold weather at
that time, but no action was taken on
this suggestion.
Winter weather is of small conse-
quence to submarines in action, as
was demonstrated during trial of the
Lake Submarine company's Protector
in January, 1904, when the mast was
carried away by the ice under which
she was running, at depth of some
30 feet, and she rose to the surface
through an ice foe from five to ten
inches thick without suffering harm.
1t may, however, be more of factor
in adding to the difficulties of the "a
hour submerged test
Two Companies Compete.
So far as is now anticipated, the
only competitors will be the Holland
and Lake Submarine Boat companies.
Between these two the competition
has always been most bitter The fact
that the navy department has stuck to
the Holland type has aroused much
criticism and the contest has been
waged with great warmth in congress,
where charges have been made that
the devotion Of the department to the
Holland type was due to political in
fluence.
There have been previous tests in
which the two designs have met, the
most important previous one having
been in 1898, when three types were
entered, the Baker submarine meeting
the other two. Since then, however,
and even since 1900 and 1901, when all
the submarines now in the navy were
constructed, there have been ire
mendous strides in their construction.
Each firm will be represented by it's
latest designs, embodying all that has
been learned about the science of
summarizing" up to the present time.
The Holland company will present the
Octopus, the first of the four new
boats to be completed at the Fore Riv-
er yard. The Lake company recently
completed a boat at Newport News
| which it claims is the best possible
example Of submarine construction.
This was taken to Bridgeport, Conn,
for the finishing touches. Each of the
rivals, therefore, will be offering the
extreme limit of its achievements to
the government.
In spite of the fact that some naval
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

Be honest In your business rela.
tons. II pays IN be honest
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
PILES CURED IN o TO IA DAYS.

PAZO OINTMENT is guaranteed TO euro any case
OF Itching, Blind bleeding or Protruding Piles In
0 to IA days or money refunded. SOC
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14
Limit to Safe Depth.

Previous tests have lasted II hours,
and the crews have declared that the
limit was by no means reached. The
amount of fresh ar carried and the
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-02-14

In getting a storm sufficient to test
the submarines to the utmost during
the period of the trials.
Another important feature will be
the submerged test, during which each
competitor will be kept beneath the
surface for "a hours, when the crew
will be dependent entirely on the re-
sources Of the boat for food, air and
all living accommodations. This will
determine the habitability of the boats
under water for longer periods than
have yet been attempted in official
tests.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23
Tree Doctors.

Prof. George E. Stone, who is In
charge of the work, writes as follows
concerning the course in tree culture
given at the Hatch Experimental sta
ton of the Massachusetts Agricultural
college, Amherst, Mass:
AT the present time we have seven
senior students who are taking work
in a course which | term the 'Physi-
ology and Pathology of Shade Trees.
So far as | know this Is the only
course given in this country or any.
where else, and we are turning out
quite a few young men who are
especially trained to fill intelligently
such positions as city foresters OF
helpers in perks.
Many of our men at the present
time have established firms for the
care of trees, and all of them are
meeting with remarkable success,
some of them employing as many as
200 men. | started this course ten
years ago at the request of students
and have been surprised at the way
in which it has developed anC
Cemetery.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23
OUR NEW HOME.

The News greets its many readers
from its new home this morning. 1t
matters not where a newspaper is
published so long as it fill its mis-
sion in the field in which it is pub
lished.
We are low quite comfortable in
our new quarters and have room n
a fire to warm the feet and finger;
of all the force.
The News will labor as always,
first for the best interest of Robin
son district, from the mouth of the
canyon to Kimberly and record
truthfully the happenings throughout
the district; second, we will boost as
heretofore for White Pine county;
the miner, the farmer the laborer,
and society generally can count on
the friendship of THE NEWS on all
occasions. The paper will be deliv-
cred by carrier or by mail to every
subscriber as he may prefer. And
in our new quarters we hope to give
our readers a better paper than ever
before. We did not have room
enough in our Aultman street office
and winter was coming on apace
hence the move to better quarters.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23

The suggestion has been made be-
fore the National Prison congress
which has been in session at Wash
ington, D. c., for several days that
persons convicted of assault with in
tent to commit murder, De punished
by the infection of the death penalty.
This is along the line of the old
legal axiom, that intent is the es-
sence of crime. One of the speakers
who gave the strongest support to
the suggestion was Attorney Cen
eral Bonaparte, who contended that
the efficacy of any form of punish
ment must be judged by its results
to the community in the diminution
of crime. It's effects on the law
breakers themselves is of vastly less
Importance.
Other suggestions made before the
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23

Goldfield is clamoring for the es-
tablishm ent of a whipping post for
men who descend so low in the scale
If morality that they assault and
beat their wives and other women
It has been suggested that the pro-
posed whipping-post be heightened
and that yard arm be attached from
which the offenders be dangled at the
business end of a half-inch rope.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23
WESTERN OIL FOR FUEL.

The growing scarcity of coal for
industrial uses, the fact that the coal
fields of the country are not increas-
ing the volume of their product; and
the added fact that no new coal
fields are being discovered and op-
ened, is causing a growing feeling
of apprehension among large con-
sumers as to the prospects for secur-
ing sufficient supplies of coal to OPP
crate their industries in the years to
come.
The growing scarcity of coal has
forced the use of oil for fuel upon
the heavy users of Matchmaking ma
terial. Experiments have been made
with many substances that are de-
signed to take the place of coal, but
fuel oil is the only satisfactory sub
stitute thus far discovered. On many
of the railroads of the country coal
burning engines have been RELOCATED
to the rear, or remodeled for the con-
sumption of oil.
Western roads are now falling
into line and are increasing the use
of fuel oil on their locomotives.
Among these is the San Pedro, Los
Angeles and Salt Lake railroad,
which has recently placed an order
with a western oil company for the
delivery of ten millions of barrels of
first-class fuel oil. This order is to
be delivered over a period of five
years, at the rate of two millions Of
barrels year.
The fact that western roads are
recognizing and patronizing western
oil companies, speaks we'll for the
oAi ihuuStiS III tuIS part VI LIE COlH-
try, and should give impetus t., the
prospecting for and the development
Of oil fields throughout the west gen.
orally.
In Nevada and in Utah are oil
fields that are undeveloped, but that
with the proper exploration and de-
velopment, it is believed, will equal
II not exceed in value, the oil fields
of California. These fields are not
monopolized by the Standard Oil oc-
topus, and are thus far absolutely
independent. 1t would seem that a
little money spent in their develop
ment would bring the richest re-
turns for the investors whose judg-
ment would lead them to risk their
money in the venture.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23

congress were that the fourth COM
mission of a major felony should be
made punishable by death, in the
discretion of the court trying the
offender, and that the habitua Grim
inal act, by which men convicted a
number of times for felony be DEEM
ed enemies of society, and should be
punished by permanent isolation, be
made universal.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23

Postmaster General George Cor
telyou, who has been in the official
families of Presidents Mckinley and
Roosevelt for many years, Is being
doomed for the presidency by j. Ed
ward Addicks, the Delaware gas man
according to press dispatches. May
be it's only hot air.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23

No permanent street paving will be
done in Goldfield this fall. and the
county commissioners have ordered
advertisements for paving bids with
drawn until some future date, prob
ably in the late winter or early
spring.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23
Campaign Of Education.

I'm the summer" remarked the
obese passenger with the big diamond
stud. people should eat nothing but
cold food and drink the coolest water
obtainable" "Ah!" exclaimed the
railway detective, you are evidently
q doctor" Not me- replied the o.
2. I'm an ice dealer"
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23

The real estate market in Reno is
showing a renewed activity which
comes with the usual fall months and
the record of sales since the first of
the month refutes very emphatically
the impression of some that prices of
Reno realty are at standstill or de-
Ginning.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23

The partly burned body of la
borer known as Patrick Foley, who
has been employed by the Western
Pacific company, was found Tuesday
in car filed with live cinders in
the Winnemucca yards.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23
Worlds LARGEST Orchards.

the largest orchards in the world
are at Werder, near Berlin. They ex.
tend without break to about 10 600
acres. They yield about $4,000 900
pounds of apples and pears every year.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Ely, Nev.) 1906-1910, 1907-09-23
The Other Han.

Tho fact that many men are occu.
pied In making clothes for one indi-
vidual is the cause Of there being many
people without clothes.--Montesquie