New-York tribune., 1907-12-04
xruvoR DAILY TRIBUNE WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER f. 1907

executiye or legislative positions, need to re-
member that often the most dangerous cIiii'-
inaIs so far as the life of the nation is CON
cerned are not those who commit the crimes
known to and condemned by the popular con
science for centuries but those VINO conltiIlt
crimes only rendered possible by the coiiplt+A
conditions of our modern industrial Ire
II makes not particle OF dlHerence
whether these crimes are committed py
ing banker or manufacturer or ralIroao
man. or by a leading representative OF a laDor
union. Syvindling in stocks, coTruptlng leglslat-
ures. making fortunes by the Imitation OF Sc
cIrities. by wrecking railroads. by destroying
competitors through rebates-these forms OF
wrongdcing in the capitalist are far more m
fanOTs than anv ordinary form of embeZze-
Inent forgery: yet it is a matter OF extreme
difficulty to secure the punishment OF the rldH
most guilty of them. most responsible for them.
The business who cOndoneS such cohuuC'
stands on a level with the labor man who de-
liberately supports corrupt demagogue anu
agitator. whether head of union or heau ol
some rnUnicipality because he is said to have
stood by the union" The members OF lhc
business community. the educators. or clergy
men who condone and encourage the first klnH
of wrongdOing. are no more dangerous 10 In, tnt
community. but morally even worse t~hal, ~
the labor men who are guilty OF the Se SeCoI"
type of wrongdOing, because less is |" ne pat
doned those who have such excuse as Is
furnished either by ignorance or by dire neeo'
when the Department of Agriculture was
founded there was much sneering as To its use
fulness. No department of the government
however. has more eIpphaJl-
Farmers and callv vindicated its usefulness.
Waoe Workers and none save the Postofhc@
Department comes 50 contlnu-
ally and intimately into touch with the people
The two citizens whose welfare is in the aggre-
gate most vital to the welfare Of the nation, ana
therefore to the welfare Of all other citizens are
the wage worker who does manual labor ana thc
ter of the soil. the farmer. There are, oI
course, kinds of labor where the work must ot
purely mental and there other KINDS OF
labor where. under existing conditions. very ~
tie demand indeed is made upon the HIM,
though | am glad to say that the proportltn ol
men engaged in this kind of work IS dlInulsnlls,
But in any community with the SONG hetilthS
qualities which make up really great nSti'ii
the bulk of the people should do work WnlcE
calls for the exercise of both body ana uiiI'u-
Progress cannot permanently exist in the apah-
donment Of physical labor. hut In the deVeIop-
rnent of physical Ia Dor. SO that it shall repre-
sent more and more the work of the trained
mind i'm the trained body. our school system IS
era velv defective in far il puts q premium
1non mere literary training. and tends, there
fose 10 train the boy away from the farm ana
the workshop Nothing is more needed IMAM
the best type of industrial school the school IoF
mechanical industries in the city. the Scil"oi ioi
practically teaching agriculture in the country
The calling of the skilled tnler or the soil li'e
calling of the skilled mechanic, should allKe 1e
recognized as professions Just as enlphaIICailE p M
as the callings OF lawyer, doCtor' ltleIcn'ill. vi
clerk The schools should encourage ms 1dci
and if should equally be recognized IN popuiai
cDin;on The Young man who has the farsight-
edness and courage to recognize It and 70 ger
over the idea that it makes a difference whetheT
what he earns is called salary or wages. anu
who refuses to enter the Cro"utu HStd va liz
so-called professions, and takes to constructive
industry instead. is reasonably sure OF an ample
reward in earnings. In health. IN opportunity 10
marry early and to establish a nome Win =
fair amount Of freedom from worry II shouii
ne one of our prime objects TO put both tls
farmer and the mechanic a higher plane ol
efficiency and reward. as 10 increase their
effectiveness in the economic world. and there
fore the dignity. the remuneration ana the power
OF their positions in the social world
No growth OF cities. growth of wealth. can
make up for any loss in either the number or
the character of the farming population. We or
the United States should realize this above al
most all other peoples We began our existence
as a nation OF farmers. and in every great
crisis o: the past a peculiar dependence mas
had to be placed upon the farming population
And this dependence has hitherto been 1ustined:
but Il cannot be justified in the future Il agri-
culture is permitted To sink in the scale as com
pared with other empiovments- We tahl2t
afford 10 lose that pre-eminentlY typicai Afferl-
can. the farmer who owns his own 'nedIuIn sizeu I
farm. To have his place taken by either 4 class
of small peasant propretors or by n class OF
great landlords with tenant farmed estates
would be a veritable calamity Ine CROWN o.
our cities is a good thing. but only in so far as
il does not mean growth at the expense OF lie
.,,,,tr,, aruer we must welcome the rise of
phvsicaI sciences in their application 10 aSrl-
cultural practices and We must 30 ali We '@4,
TO render country conditions more easy anu W
pleasant There are forces which now tend l"
bring about both these results. but they are -
vet In their infancy. The national goNerllIteht
through the Department "t AgrlCulule sIou1u sI
do All il can by joining with the state govern
ments and with independent ASSOCIATIONS oa
farmers to encourage the CROWN IN lng
omen farming country or Such Ihsti' I'l"!,t'
IA social movements as VIII meet the
demand of the best type of FARMERS ooth
g. ,he Improvement of their farms and FOR the
retirement of the life itself. The department
of Agriculture has in many places. perhaps
asnaciaIiv in certain districts OF the South &c
comnlished an extraordinary amount pY co
ororotirp with and teaching the farmers
through their associations, on their own SOL
how to increase their income by managing Iiiel'
farms better than they were hitherto managed
-rbe farmer must not lose his independence. MS
initiative his rugged sef-reliance, yet ne must
learn to work in the heartiest cooperation WIN
his follows exactly as the business man mas
learned 10 work; and he must prepare TO use 10
constantly better advantage the knowledge that
can be obtained from agricultural colIeseS. Nii
be must insist upon practical curriculum III
the schools in which his children are tauStl'-
The Department of Agriculture and the Depart
n,eut of Commerce and Labor both dtal Win
tho Fundamental needs of our people IN lhe pro-
duction of raw material and its manufacture
and distribution. and therefore with the Wei
fare of those who produce it in the raw state
and Of those who manufacture ana d'SuiouIe II
THE DEPARTMENT of Commerce and LABOR mas
hut recently been founded, bat has already
ineffeed it's existence, while the Department or
Apric,IIture Yields other In the govern
r1ent in the practical benefits which II produces
i'm proportion to the public money expended II
,,ust continue in the future 10 deal with grow
inc crons as x has dealt in the past, but II must
still further extend its field OF usefulness here
after by dealing with live men, through far-
reaching study and treatment OF the problems
oP Farm life alike from the industrial and eco
nomic and social standpoint Farmers must CO
onerate with one another and with the govern
ment. and the government can best give us AID
through associations of farmers SO as TO oellVe!
10 the farmer the large body OF agricultural
knowledge which has been accumulated py the
national and state governments and by the asrl-
cultural colleges and schools
THE grain producing industry of the country.
one of the most important in the United states
deserves special consideration at the hands or
Congress Our grain is sold almost exclusively
h,, Grades To secure satisfactory results in
oIr home markets and to facilitate our trade
abroad these grades should approximate the