davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

observed that the root Is floating IN
water. the measure glass showing a
heavy line at the iigure 5. which IS
the weight Indication Of the root. The
stop-cock Of the vessel Is closed the
root pressed gently under the surface.
and when perfectly at rest the stop
cock is opened and the rise Of The
liquid overaowa into the smaller yes
sci at the slos until It reaches the fig
uTe 10, which lii this case. Is the vol
ume indication, therefore, $40 equals
g specific gravity. The center dia-
gram Of the same illustration shows.
at the bottom OF the vessel. root that
is heavier than water, aud its volume
registers e1ght on the measure glass:
II is thence transferred 70 a liquid Of
which the density has been increased;
in this the root floats as seen. and the
relative density is then calculated. IN
these experiments It has been consld-
cred that.-in the density Of the root.
as a whole. the quantity Of water and
number Of air cells are determining
factors. for it Is their presence that
constitutes the disturbing element
which may smperil the longevity Of
the root and give rise to decay.
Ii keeping roots over the winter.
many may show signs or decomposl-
ton, though not very apparent ex-
ternally, and It is the denser and heav-
fer roots that have Invariably proved
70 be the best keepers. During re-
cent years many determinations Of the
density Of the Juice Of both turnips
and beels have been made. and it IS
claimed that the results are such as TO
be indicative of the keeping qualities
Of the root as well as Of It's feeding
value: also by this means the stock
Is improved BY scrupulously rejecting
for seed purposes all those roots OF
low specific gravity. IN the early
stages Of investigation the amount
Of sngar present IN iurnlps and beets
was deterined In the following
way: The first step was to prepare
Tor analysis roots which might be con
sIdered fairly representative Of large
bulk. Two lots, each containing 40
or 30 roots Of an average size. were
taken and halved from crown to base.
the halves divided again into quarters
and then into eighths. One one-eighth
section from each root was PUT into
\ pulping machine and thoroughly
we'll mixed. The pulp thus made pro
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

to those who are growing the Durum
wheats as spring varieties. The clip
ping reads as follows:
County Clerk-elect J. G. Hacking
has made an interesting experiment
in dry farming during the past sum-
mer.
This spring he sowed one bushel
of Durum wheat. dry land variety,
on one acre of land, narrowing it only
once afte7 sowing it broadcast, and
after 1t came up he narrowed it once
more. This acre of wheat was given
absolutely no irrigation. The wheat
reached a height of several inches
above Mr.. Hacking's head. while irri-
gated wheat, the ordinary variety
common in this valley, on land ad-
joining 1t, grew only half as high. The
Durum wheat gave yield of As bush
els per acre. which was much in ex-
cess Of the yield Of the irrigated
wheat"
Certainly Mr.. f. is to be congratu-
lated upon his excellent yield. Higher
than mans head and yielding IS
bushels per acre looks good to the
writer The farmers In that section
Of the country had better quit irrigat-
ing ind 60 to raising Durum wheat
on the dry lands Of Utah.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

vIded material for the examinations
required. the sugar content being de-
termined both chemically and by
means Of the polariscope. When the
separate lots were carefully sampled
the average Of the two was accepted
as fair test. The value Of test
Of this kind was very great, but at the
same time It was obvious that for seed
growing purposes 1t was too drastic,
for the whole root. as may be seen,
was destroyed. In view Of this whole
sale destruction the apparatus pic
tured was brought into use, which en-
ables core" to be extracted for
analytical purposes out Of the indi-
vidual or mother" root, leaving the
same perfectly available for seed pur-
poses. for If the extracted core" prove
to have attained q certain standard Of
excellence In the tests to which It has
been subjected, the root Is planted
not one whit the worse for the opera
ton OF "coring." AS the method Of
examination comprises four distinct
tests representing four values, q sys-
tenn has been adopted whereby the
combined qualities are registered un-
der a common denominator. The
combined qualities Of the poorest beet
reached only 1915 per cent. Of value,
while those Of the best amounted to
25.4 AS per cent Of value. These are two
extremes, and they show at glance
the necessity Of discarding the one
and fostering the other.
The determination OF the amount Of
water In roots is somewhat tedious
operation, and Is as follows: A por-
tion Of the core is cut quickly into very
thin slices, weighed and spread out
on filter papers to dry. or strung up
on a thread and put into special
oven heated to So degrees or 60 de-
grees Centigrade. careful attention be-
Ing paid that not the slightest atom
is lost. When dried and brittle, this
is ground to powder, 1nd the operation
is finished when the powdered dry
core ceases to lose weight. The va
rious records Of the great weight Of
roots grown per acre give one an
extremely erroneous impression as to
the actual amount Of food produced.
The same Is true Of all sorts which
perhaps at best only contain about IL
per cent. OF solid matter. many con
tanning. maybe, only half that guam
tity. The quantity OF water contained
In different roots is somewhat as fol
lows: Beets contain Of water IS pei
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13
SOME NEW IDEAS ON THE CON-
STRUCTION OF HOG HOUSES
Proper Shelter Essential Swine Raising IA
Cold or Variable Climates

in case the place occupied by the cot
becomes fnsanitary it may be moved
to a clean location.
r. Shaw, Of the Michigan station,
states that. when climatic conditions
are not too rigorous. cots only may be-
employed for handling the entire herd.
During the summer season especially
cotting and yarding can not be ex-
celled as a means Of handling nearly
all classes Of pigs. Cots are especially
desirable for dry-brood sovs and
young males and females being reared
for breeding purposes, Their great
advantages are that they provide an
abundance Of fresh air. sunshine and
exercise.
Figures 3 and represent forms Of
cots now in use at the Michigan Agri-
cultural college. figure 3 being a form
which has been in use at the institu-
tion for some years
The form Of cot shown by figure
is desirable in that It is warm in win
ter, put Objectionable IN that IL pro-
vides little protection against the ex-
treme heat Of summer. 1t is also con-
sidered a good form Of cot for the
brood SOW to farrow in in moderate
weather, as she can not lie down close
enough to the sloping roof to crush
her pigs, as against a wall A gem
eral mistake is made in fastening this
form Of cot permanently to the skids
or runners on which it is built. These
are the first to decay and along with
them the lower ends Of the boards.
thus making repairs impossible. even
though the balance Of the structure re-
mains sound. A separate pair OF
skids should be constructed for this
or any other form Of cot. so that they
can be replaced. Its own weight will
hold the cot in place on the skida
while being moved. All
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13
DURUM WHEAT FOR THE
ARID LANDS OF WEST
Tests IN Utah which Prove Admirable Gr~'u
for Dry Farming.

ing satisfactory. Only a few plants
of the hardest varieties survived the
first winter. Sufficient seed was
saved from the surviving plants for
the second years trials, which gave
better promise than the first trials.
This year, as a result Of five OF six
years tests, two or three Of the vari-
eties yielded as high as "a bushels
per acre, and it looks as If number
Of permanent varieties have been es-
tablished. But according to a report
on Durum wheat which recently ap-
peared in the Vernal Express, yield
OF "a bushels will look small to some
Of the dry farmers Of Utah. especially
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

and roof, being a separate piece. can
easily be taken down and replaced,
making the moving of these small
houses or cots an easy matter. This
is shown by figures / and 2. Others
are built with two sides sloping in
toward the top so as to form the roof,
as in figure 8. These are built on
skids and when necessary can be
moved as whole by being drawn by
a horse. They are built In several
different styles; some have window
in the front end, above the door, while
all may have small door in the rear
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

amount Of dry matter. It Is preemi-
nently q reasonable assumption. and
one that cannot be galnsaId. that the
higher the specific gravity the better
the quality. The principle underlying
the term specific gravity. or relative
density, and the method adopted In de-
termlning It. may be explained simply
in the following way: Any body float.
ing In water dlsplaces exactly It's own
weight Of water. and when quite I'M
mersed dlsplaces its own volume;
therefore, when we know the weight
and volume Of body, the density is
readily determined by dividing its
weight b It's water bulk. In the IL
lustration referring to the density OF
roots, in the left-hand figure, 1t win be
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

and away from all disturbance: that
each litter Of pigs may he kept and
fed by itself. consequently there viii
not be too large number Of pigs in
a common lot; that these houses may
be placed at the farther end Of the
feed lot, thus compelling the SOW and
pigs to take exercise, especially in
winter. when they come TO the feed
trough at the front end Of the lot:
that the danger Of spreading disease
among the herd is At . minimum; and
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

Some years ago there was inaugu-
rated in connection with root crops In
England. BY a London seed firm, what
is known as the Garter method Of
root selection, which is based to some
extent upon the methods In use IN Eu-
rope, supplemented and improved by
the accumulated experience Of the firm
throughout the greater portion Of last
century. The new method Of root Sc
lection as propounded by the orig
inators, and which viii prove Of spe-
cial nefit to American farmers, en-
braces as its main and cardinal fea-
lures the following distinct tests: the
specific gravity or density Of the en-
tire root. the density OF the expressed
Juice, the sugar content and the
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

cots should be furnished with skids. 50
that they can be moved frequently
by team and one man and not taken
to pieces ana moved In sections.
Figure 4 represents form Of cot
recently designed and constructed and
now in use In our hog lots. II is six
by eight feet at the foundation. with
the sides raised perpendicular three
feet before receiving the half pitch
roof boards. The center boards on
the sides are hinged SO that they can
be swung open in hot weather The
opening thus made is covered with
strong woven wire, clamped above and
below between inch boards, The in
ner clamp boards project an inch be-
yond outer ones. thus breaking the
joints and preventing any draft when
the openings are closed The two
ridge boards are also hinged so that
they can be opened during hot wcath-
er. These openings permit free cir
cuIation of air, which not only lowers
the temperature but greatly relieves
the oppression Of the pigs seeking
shelter. These openings close down
tightly. leaving warm quarters during
the coldest weather. The cots proper
are supported on skids to which they
are not attached, being held in place
by the blocking Of the ties across both
ends. A twoinch bottom is used or
not, as desired. This flooring is cut in
lengths to fit crosswise and rest on
! the skids. which are wider than tie
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

According to ". Dietrich, Of the H.
linois Station, properly located and
constructed hog houses or shelter are
essential to success in swine husband
ry in all regions with a cold or varia-
bic climate The best location for
hog house is one that is well drained
and we'll lighted and win permit ac-
cess to pasture. to good shade. and
to stream Of running water that is
free from disease germs, where also
there are opportunities for making
wallows in clean mud.
The two general classes Of hog
houses most in use are individual
houses or hog cots and large houses
with individual pens, and Of each class
there is great variety of construc-
tion, depending upon individual needs
and conditions. 1t is the purpose Of
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

OF the different varieties Of wheats
recommended for the arid region.
possibly as far as yield is concerned
and ever for other qualities as soon
as they become better known. the
most promising varieties belong to
the Durum group (Treticum durum).
These are the hardest grained wheats
grown. and from them is furnished
the greater portion Of the worlds sup
ply OF macaroni wheat. Most Of these
wheats have been imported from Rus
sia. and hence are very hardy and
drought-resistant They are always
bearded and are usually grown as
spring varieties. AS a drought-resist-
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

The Veal caIf.-Calyes should not
be used for veal before they are four
weeks old. and six weeks Is better.
For really good veal, the calf should
have lived at least tan weeks. Many
states have passed laws regulating the
slaughter of calves for veal Some
have placed six weeks as the limit Of
age and others have made it as low
Al four. Below four weeks the flesh
is very soft and sometimes Shiny.
Such flesh Is Tor some reason quite
lndlgestihle, and 4 is on this ncore
that the state authorities have passed
laws under . certain axe.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13
r+rr'T''T1'''1'||'fI7i i|..I..f

this article to summarize only infor-
nation regarding the construction Of
individual houses or hog cots as given
in recent station publications.
Mr.. Dietrich says on this subject:
Individual hog houses, or cots, as
they are sometimes called, are built
in many different ways. Some are
built with four upright walls and a
shed roof. each Of which (the walls
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

end near the apex for ventilating pur-
poses. They are also built in differ
ent sizes.
The arguments in favor Of this type
OF houses for swine are that each SOW
at narrowing time may be kept alone
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

sllls. This form Of cot ID net desirable
for the farrowihg SOW without the ad-
dition Of q railing around the perpen-
dicular walls a few inches from the
floor to prevent her from oYerlaying
her pigs. Probably the chief oblec-
tions to this structure are the expense
Of material and cost Of construction.
It contains $50 feet stock sumhor 50
feet matched 20 feet Axe, 12 feet Ike.
and A feet 2x4. and requires two days
labor in construction.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

lantern TroIIey,-stretch a wire
across the stable. near the ceiling,
back Of the Htalls, to hang the Ian.
tern on and make a hook OF heavy
WIRE to hold the lantern. You can slide
the lantern to any desired place. with
out fear Of it being upset
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

Corn Stored Ia Rags.-One farmer
stores his corn5n bags and hoista It to
the top Of his barn when It IS thor
oughly dry. It Is suspended on hooks
out Of the way Of the farm operations
and beyond the reach Of the mice and
rats
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

90 per cent. to % per cent. white tur.
nips 90 per cent to S5 per cent These
figures indicate the difference in feed.
ing value between a close. lirm. hard.
texture on the one hand. and a soft,
spongy root on the other. There can.
not be the least doubt that the best
roots for seed productiCA are those
selected by the combined tests Of
density OF root and juice. and the
quantity oE sugar and dry matter.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-02-13

The Blue Pessimiam in COW
is as bad as IN man. It results
from bad quarters. bad feed. and slip.
ahod management
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1907-04-11
GREAT CROWD CHEER
Continued from Page One.)

also read to the jury. Brody is the
man who took the revolver from Thaw.
Evelyn's testimony was read to the
jury. The jurors were haggard and
fOrlorn as they listened to the reading
clerk. Their faces are pinched and
their eyes hollow. Juror Steele, the
Oldest of the panel, appeared to suffer
most Once he interrupted proceedings
to go for drink of water and a breath
of fresh air, and staggered from eX-
haustiOn as he walked from the room.
1t was five minutes before he was able
to return.
The reading of other testimony to
the jury continued for some time, that
of Dr. Hamilton particularly. The jury
listened attentively but the nervous
ness increased. At LOS o'clock Oscar
Pink requested a recess. He staggered
for window and displayed evidence
of actual illness.
At the noon adjournment there were
great crowds about the bridge of
signs to see Thaw cross.
Even a larger mob followed Evelyn
When she left the restaurant after
quick lunch. Fully 5000 people We're
near Franklin and Lafayette streets
when she came out The police formed
a hollow square about her. escOrting
her to Franklin street entrance. Ofhcer
Slime ably protected her from actual
contact with the mob. 1t was fight
to get her into the building. Josiah and
Edward Thaw at the entrance. stood
speechleSs while officers got their Sis
terinlaw into the building. The mob
surged up the steps and swept away
parts of the police guard before re-
Inducements arrived. Thaws brothers
fled to escape like treatment before re-
cognized.
Upon returning to the court room
after lunch. the jury requested the
reading of the courts charge relating
to the testimony of Doctors Evans and
Wagner.
Jerome told the newspapermen Judge
Fitzgerald insists the jury bring in a
verdict of some sort before O'Clock.
Rumors of all sorts as to how the
jury stands are afioat this afternoon.
Dan tO'Reilly. generally credited
with having secured Information in the
jury rooms. is the author of most of
these. The most persistent rumor
given credence was that nine stood for
conviction and three for acquittal. 1t
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1907-04-11
GLAsF0RO HAS GOOD PLAN
Councilman Wants to Settle Hospital
Sewer Question

Councilman Glasford has a solution
for the tangle over the question of run
ming a sewer through the Ward prop
erty back of the Walla Walla hospital.
1t is expected those fussing over the
question can be induced to compromise
it so the sewer now being used by the
hospital may be allowed to continue to
serve that institution and other places
in the same block.
If this cannot be done Councilman
Glasford suggests the entire matter
may be settled by the property own
ers building the sewer on the extreme
back line of their own property The
managers of the Ward estate property
could not legally prevent this; no con-
demnation proceedings or expense to
the city would be necessary as might
be the case if an attempt was made
to force sewer privilege through the
Ward property and yet all the property
o nthat street would be served by
sewer.
1t is hoped it will not be necessary
to resort to this plan but it keeps the
position of the people on that street
from being helpless as it seemed they
We're before. Heretofore it has been
the general opinion it was either a
question of cOndemning a right of way
on the Ward property. or tear up the
paving in Alder street to save the hos
pital
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1907-04-11
M|LLERS TO ASK RAILROAD COMMISSION
TO AID THEM IN MOVING THEIR WHEAT

would take us seven months to move
the wheat now ready for milling. In
four months there will be a new crop
probably be increased by a drop in
the price of wheat about 10 cents
bushel. That will mean a big loss to
us that can be traced directly to the
poor facilities furnished us by the
railroads.
Take our own mills, for instance
We have orders on our books from
the Orient for 175O,OOO sacks of flour.
With our mills running to hardly half
capacity we cannot fill them. Many
of these orders are under contract and
our customers are threatening TO
bring suit to compel us to carry out
our obligations. Not the least of our
TROUBLES is the cable tolls we are
obliged to pay for explanatory mes
sages stating the conditions.
THE present service does not per-
nit us to run half Of our mills and for
that reason most of our machinery is
shut down. Even when we do get
cars at the mills and unload them we
are not allowed in many cases to use
them for shipping out flour and feed
The railroad tackS a bad order card
on the car and it is moved to the side
track There it joins other cars re-
served in like manner until some
times there are strings of one hum
dred cars awaiting the arrival of one of
the steamships from the Orient AS
soon as big ship gets in the cars
are found to be in good order with
great rapidity. Cars we should have
had are used to haul through freight
from the Orient to the east. while the
local shipper can wait until the road
can get other cars for his needs.
eff the railroads would stop the
universal practice of going out for
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1907-04-11

The millers Of the state will short
ly GO before the railroad commission
10 obtain relief from the burden now
imposed upon them by their inability
to get cars to move the wheat from
a Seattle report.
The State Association Of Millers will
hold a meeting in the next few
days to decide the course to be pur-
sued in the effort to obtain state aid
\ statement of the conditions that
now prevail. and the hardships that
millers haev suffered in the last few
months. will be prepared for the con-
sideration of the commission and a
delegation will be selected to carry
the request for aid to Olympia.
Moritz Thomson, president or the
Centennial Mill Co., operating long
string of mills throughout the state
said that the millers had de-
cided to appeal to the state
because they despaired of obtaining
any reef from the railroads without
some pressure being brought to bear
from tho authorities.
The public has no idea of the
situation the millers of this country
face because of the failure of the
railroads to give us cars. There are
now stored in warehouses in the Pa
louise and Big Bend countries more
than 10.0G0.000 bushels of wheat al
Of which should have been moved by
this time.
"All of this wheat has been paid
for and the farmers have received
their money for it. But where do
we stand with millions of dollars tied
up in wheat we can't move? The
railroad officials told us last Satur-
day that the very best they can prom
Use us in the future is 1900 cars a
month. The average load for one car
is 1000 bushels. At that rate it