The news=record. [volume] (Enterprise, Wallowa County, Oregon) 1907-1910, 1907-12-12

magnitude and OF sufficient concern to the /
people of the country as whole to warrant
the Federal Government in taking action.
Capital and Labor.
1t is certain that for some time to come
there will be a constant increase absolutely,
and perhaps relatively. of those among our
citizens who dwell in cities or towns OF some
size and who work for wages. This means
that there will be ever increasing neeu
to consider the problems nseparable from
great industrial civilization. Where an I'M
mense and complex business. especially m
those branches relating to manufacture ana
transportation is transacted by large num-
ber OF capitalists who employ a very
much larger number of wage-earners,
combine into corporations and the lat
ter into unions. The relations OF the
capitalist and wage-worker to one an
other and OF each to the general public, are
| not always easy to adjust; and to put them
and keep chem on satisfactory basis Is one
of the most important and one OF the most
, delicate tasks before our whole civilization.
! Much of the work for the accomplishment
of this end must be done by the individuals
concerned themselves, whether singly or IN
combinations and the one fundamental fact
r that must never be lost track OF Is that the
n character of the average man, whether he
I be man OF a man who WORKS
e | with his hands. is the most important factor
e In solving the problem Alright. But 1t is al
r most equally important to remember that
without good laws it is also impossible to
reach the proper solution. 1t is idle to hold
that without good laws evils such as child
labor, as the over-working Of women, as the
failure to protect employees from loss OF
II life limb be effectively reached. any
more than the evils OF rebates and stock
: watering can be reached without good laws
e To fail to stop these practices by legislation
i means to force honest men into them be-
y cause otherwise the dishonest who surely
Is will take advantage OF them will have every
II thing their own way II the states will cor
e rect these evils, well and good; but the
y Nation must stand ready to aid them
70 Farmers and Wage-Workers.
u When the Department of Agriculture was
iee founded there was much sneering as TO lts
l,teA NJ IAtNn % thN
/ ment, however. has more emphatically vindi'
o Gated its usefulness. and none save tue
{, Postoffice Department comes so continually
al and intimately into touch with the people
~ The two citizens whose welfare Is in th'
III aggregate most vital to the welfare OF TN
K Nation. and therefore to the welfare of al
X other citizens, the wage-worker wh'
= does manual labor and the tiller of the soil
ry the farmer. There are. of course. kinds o
ze labor where the work must be purely mental
X and there other kinds Of labor where
y. under existing conditions, very little de
sn 81, mand indeed is made upon the mind thoug
IN. N. | ] am glad TO say that the proportion of me-
OF engaged in this kind OF work is diminishing
ne But in any community with the solid
sn healthy qualities which make up a reall
n no great nation the bulk of the people shoul
is do work which calls for the exercise of bot
o, nu body and mind Progress can not pc: INA
/. nently exist in the abandonment Of phys
~ cal labor, but in the development of phys
20, cal labor, that 1t shall represent NOR
ha and more the work of the trained mind l
@na ne the trained body.
go far II puts premium upon mer
literary training and tends therefore
sed workshop. Nothing is more needed tina
ich the best type of industrial school. II
De- school for mechanical industries in the cit
'ew the school for practically teaching agricu
ent ture in the country. The calling of II
no skilled tiler OF the soil. the calling Of II
not skilled mechanic. should alike be reco
of nized professions, just as emphatical
eed as the calings of lawyer, doctor. merchai
ose or clerk The schools should recognize tn
to fact and 1t should equally be recognized
ties popular opinion. The young man who n
be the farsightedness and courage to recogni
the 1t and to get over the idea that 1t makes
so difference whether what he earns Is CALI
and salary or wages. and who refuses to ent
EN- the crowded field Of the so-called profe
one sions and takes to constructive industry
lore stead, is reasonably Of an ample !
be ward in earnings, in health in opportunl
hat to marry early, and to establish a home WI
ned. fair amount of freedom from worry.
should be of our prime objects to p
l., both the farmer and the mechanic on
IN IN higher plane OF efficiency and reward.
oc as to increase their effectiveness in the ec
s,n nomic world and therefore the digni
! ns the remuneration. and the power OF tn
-. positions in the social world
on The grain-producing industry Of
,oiIx country. one of the most important in
s0ts ~ | United States, deserves special consid
- - " alton at the hands of the Congress-
n,ns grain is sold almost exclusively by grad
is @ To secure satisfactory results in our no
-, | markets and to facilitate our trade abro
ia these grades should approximate the his
- est degree of uniformity and certainty. I
,sF present diverse methods of inspection q
tun- pe,in ,hroughout the country undar 4
oit ferent laws and boards, result in con
,or sion and lack Of uniformity destroying Il
| confidence which Is necessary for heal
,,. full trade Complaints against the pres
@ sn methods have continued for years and Il
hmss are growing in volume and intensity.
hich Sn.s S ~ n,,,,as, ~ ~. Congrass tho I'd,
- ability of a National system of inspect
~ and grading of grain entering into int
-. state and foreign commerce as rem
from from lot 'ns pisisci REGLAMAT1oN WORK.
,,ion Irrigation should be far more extensiv
'H'" developed than at present, not only in
states of the great plains and the Ro,
. Mountains but in many others, as, for
,e a stance, n large portions of the South
the lantic ANA Gulf States, where II should
{ its hand in hand with the reclamation
! Of swamp land. The Federal Governm
iould should seriously devote itself to this ia
den lrealizing that utilization of waterways
iork- waterpower forestry, irrigation and the
'wer; camation Of lands threatened with overh
anu an" are all interdependent parts OF the sa
end problem. The work of the Reclamat
,hich Service in developing the larger opportt
and ties of the western half of our country
yern- | irrigation Is more important than ain
acct any other movement The constant purI
that Of the Government in connection with
has Reclamation Service has been to use
lanu- water resources of the public lands for
Is OF ultimate greatest good OF the greatest nj
. the ber in other words. to put upon the i
oeiy psI6n II for and for use them
there | ssnp - ohudran,s chiIdran Thara
exist | en e S.'. " -. -. 80 -
not oeeH' VI Soulse' OPP"ei'io" W 'hiS w
! FOR opposition from some interested men
desire to exhaust the land for their
yence immediate profit without regard to the
the fare OF the next generation and opposi
alto from honest and well-meaning men who
the not fully understand the subJect or who
such not look far enough ahead This opposi
em- is, think. dying away. and our people
pelhs understanding that II would be utt
houlo wrong to allow few individuals to
N atioH t haust for their own temporary persc
Nc Nc ~ profit the resources which ought to be
h,,,ty veloped through use so as to be conser
lii for the permanent common advantage of
which peoPie " r., ,.Nrxa
,n The effort OF the Government to deal
80, the public land has been based upon
same principle as that of the Reclama
| Service. The land law system which
,tS,, designed to meet the needs of the fe
M and we'll -watered regions of the Mi
- - West has largely broken down when
. ~hsre sr piled to the dryer regions OF the g
% IN plains the mountains and much OF
-. | Pacific Slope. where farm OF 100 acre
49, Inadequate for self-support. In 4
oun . regions the system lent itself to fraud,
49, much land passed out OF the hands OF
ia i. Government without passing into the h;
a ,oa | of the home maker. The Department OF
s a.. Interior and the Department OF Jul
Gu =" Joined in prosecuting the offenders aga
the law; and they have accomplished m
-nbiOu luh uyha nd in istr Of