New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1907-01-30
THE HOUSE OF LORDS

THE HOUSE OF LORDS
CHECKS IT HAS RECEIVED At THE
i HANDS or THE COMMONS.
The Long ParIiansent Put the Peers
! Out OF Business Altogether For q
Number OF Years - Bolingbrol<e's
way with the Noble Lords.
] There is an idea in the minds of very
many persons that the British house OF
lords is supreme and can do pretty we'll
what it pleases. This, however. is
mistake. On several notable occasions
their noble lordships have been para
lyzed and have got very much the
worst Of it in stormy arguments with
the gentlemen OF the house of com
mons.
The first occasion on which this hap
pened was when the peers yentured to
differ with the long parliament, which
was at the time engaged in a life and
death struggle with Charles |. The
commons on this occasion wasted no
valuable, time in talking, but promptly
abolished the lords altogether and
turned them, archbishops, dukes, belt
ed earls and all the rest Of the gor-
geous coroneted crowd, into the street.
The gilded chamber was vacant
For half a dozen years or SO the
country got on without any house of
lords.
All the checks the house of lords
have received have not been of such !.
drastic nature as this, of course.
Various ministries. finding that the
peers were unwilling to pass their pro-
posed bills, have resorted to the threat
to create enough new peers to swamp
the house of lords. These new peers
would, of course, have been pledged
beforehand to vote for the ministry
creating them.
In I'LL the prime minister of the,
day, the daring and INSCRIPTIONS Wis
count Bolingbroke, was anxious to ter
inmate the desolating and ruinous war
with France, which had been raging
on and off for twenty years.
To effect this purpose he had drawn
up the treaty of Utrecht. 1t was neces-
sary at that time that lords and COM
mons should agree to treaty before
it would become valid. The commons
assented to the treaty, but the lords
declared that they would have none
Of it and that the war must go on,
whereupon Bolingbroke cOolly but
firmly informed them that, rather than
see himself defed by them, he would
create a whole army Of new peers to
vote for the treaty.
The story goes that he had regi-
ment Of the Life guards paraded under
the windows of the house of lords and
threatened to make every trooper into
noble lord if driven to it. He did
make twelve new peers, and then the
lords gave in.
The Liberal government Of 1882, with
Earl Grey as prime minister, used the
same threat. They wished to pass the
first reform bill. The lords hated this
bill bitterly.
Until then they had been practically
an oligarchy, with all the real power
in their hands. The franchise had been
so limited that only rich men, and gen
orally only the nominee Of some great
nobleman. could get into parliament.
The reform bill altered that. It gave
the smaller men chance. The lords
expressed their deliberate intention Of
wrecking the. bill.
Earl Grey retorted by ext0rting from
King William IV.-who didn't like re-
form bills, but dared not oppose the
wish Of the nation for fear OF a revo-
misrepresentation to call up to the
house of lords as many new peers as
should be necessary to carry his bill.
The mere threat was enough for the
lords. They had no wish to see their
order made cheap and ridiculous, as
would have been the case had peers
become as plentiful as blackberries.
1t used to be the custom in the Brit
ish army for all officers commissions
to be purchased. That is, an officer, in
stead Of getting into the army by
means of competitive examination
and rising by merit, came straight
from school, without knowing anything
! Of the new duties he was about to as
sumo, and had a commission bought
for him. After that, instead Of being
| promoted as reward for his services
he used to buy each promotion.
If he had no money his chances OF
being promoted were about Thousand
/ to one. The result was that officers
who had grown gray in the service and
fought in many battles remained sub
ordinates all their lives, while the sons
of wealthy families who had not seer
a quarter of their service jumped over
their heads by having their way pur
chased up for them to be colonels anC
generals.
Mr.. Gladstone decided to do away
with this purchase system. The lords
did not wish it to be abolished Con
/ sequently, when Mr.. Gladstone intro
duced a bill to abolish purchase in tht
army the house of lords was not dis