The Kemper herald. (Scooba, Miss.) 1875-1908, 1907-12-05
CAUSES OF THE PRESENT ElNAN.
cIAL CONDITIONS is MADE
THE CHIEF TOPIC.
SUGGESTS REMEDIES FOR ILLS
CONTROL OF CORPORATIONS AND
RAILROADS TO PREVENT
ovERcAPlTALlZATI
Believes This Would Solve tho Prob.
lem Together with Provision for
More Elastic Currency-Recom
rends Postal Banks and Asks for
Legislation Along Many Lines.

Washington, Dec. >. - President
Roosevelts annual message to congress
Is voluminous document OF nearly
10000 words. by far the longest mes
sage he has ever submitted to congress.
The opening subject of the message Is
the financial condition of the country.
and for which the president lays much
of the blame upon unscrupulous stock
speculatorS, and says:
I'm any large body Of men. however,
there are certain to be some who are
dishonest, and II the conditions are
such that these men prosper or COM
init their misdeeds with impunity, their
example Is a very evil thing for the
community. Where these men are busi-
mess men of great sagacity and of tenn
pernnent both unscrupulous and reck-
less, and where the conditions are such
that they act without supervision or
control and at first without effective
check from public opinion. they delude
many innocent people into making in
vestments or embarking in kinds of
business that are really unsound
When the misdeeds of these successful
ay dishonest men are discovered. suf-
fering comes not only upon them, but
upon the innocent men whom they
have misled. 1t Is a painful awakening,
whenever 1t occurs: and, naturally
when 1t does occur those who suffer
are apt to forget that the longer it was
deferred the more painful 1t would be-
In the effort to punish the guilty 1t Ia
both wise and proper to endeavor 30
far as possible to minimize the dE5-
tress of those who have been pisled by
the guilty. Yet 1t Is lot possible to
refrain because Of such distress from
striving to putsan end to the misdeeds
that are the ultimate causes of the suf-
ferjrg, and. as q means to this end.
ynere possible to punish those re-
'sponsible for them. There may be hon
sst differences of opinion as to many
governmental policies; but surely there
sAea sbe no such -2fnSrszfcSS ~ 10 she
need of unfiinching perseverance In the
wssr against successful dishonesty"
He quotes at length from his mes
sage of last year in which he advo-
Gated federal control OF corporations
doing interstate business. and believes
that in such control would be found the
remedy for overcapitalization and
stock speculation which he believes
have brought about the present fnan-
cial conditions. He sayR:
Our steady aim should be by legis-
lation, cautiously and carefully under
taken. but resolutely persevered in. to
assert the sovereignty of the national
This Is only in form an innovation.
In substance 1t is merely restoration;
Tor from the earliest time such regula-
ton of industrial activities has been
recognised in the action of the law
making bodies; and all that I propose
Is to meet the changed conditions in
such manner as will prevent the COM
monwealth abdicattng the power it has
always possessed not only in this coun-
hlyf nj ~, N rrla q nd hafn nd
since this country became Q separate
nation.
Federal Control of
Railroads In Favored.
mo small part of the trouble that we
have comes from carrying to an ex-
treme the national virtue of self-re-
lance. of Independence in initiative
and action. 1t is wise to conserve this
virtue and to provide for its fullest ex-
ercise. compatible with seeing that lib
erty does not become liberty to
wrong others Unfortunately, this Is
the kind of liberty that the lack of all
effective regulation inevitably breeds.
The founders of the constitution pro-
vided that the national government
should have complete and sole control
of. interstate commerce. There was
then practically no interstate business
save such as was conducted by water.
and this the national government at
once proceeded to regulate in thorough
going and effective fashion. Condi-
tions have now SO wholly changed that
the interstate commerce by water Is in
significant compared with the amount
that goes by land and almost all big
business concerns are now engaged in
Interstate commerce. AS result, 1t
can be but partially and imperfectly
controlled or regulated by the action of
l.
ton inevitably tending to be either too
drastic or else ,tt9t lax, and in either
case Ineffective for purposes Of justice.
Only the .nationafl government can in
thoroughgoins fashion exercise the
needed control. This does not mean
that there should be any extension of
federal authority. for such authority
amplest and most far-reaching form:
but 1t does mean that there should be
an extension of federal activity This
ls not advocating GENERALIZATION. 1t is
merely looking facts in the face, and
realizing that GENERALIZATION in business
has already come and can not be avoid
ed or undone, and that the public at
large can only protect itself from cer-
tain evil effects OF this business cen
tralization by providing better methods
for the exercise of control through the
authority already centralized in the
national government by the constitu-
tion itself. There must be no halt in
the healthy constructive course of ac-
ton which this nation has elected to
pursue. and has steadily pursued. dur
Ing the last six years. as shown both in
the legislation of the congress and the
administration of the law by the de-
partment of Justice The most vital
need is in connection with the railroads
As to these. in my judgment there
should now be either q national incor-
poration act or a law licensing railway
companies~t engage in interstate com
merce upon certain conditions. The law
should be SO framed as to give TO the
Interstate commerce commission power
to pass upon the future issue Of securi-
ties. while ample means should be pro-
vided to enable the commission. when
ever in its Judgment II Is necessary. to
make . physical valuation of any rail-
road. As stated In my message to the
congress q year ago. railroads should
be given power to enter Into agree
ments subject TO these agreements be-
lag made public In minute detail and to