davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
RIVER AND WEATHER

This morning opened fair.
River: Arthur City Oh, rise of Oh;
Fulton 10, fall of OIL; Shreveport OIL,
fall of o.
Weather forecast for Shreveport and
vicinity: Partly cloudy and colder to-
night: fair and warmer Wednesday.
River forecast: A slow rise will prob
ably occur at Fulton during the next two
days The change will be slight at
Shreveport during the next AZ hours.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
Truly Tiny Tot.

Guthrie, Sept 1O.-Mr and Mrs.
Thomas Musick, living near Hominy,
are the parents of one of the smallest
babies on recor' A daughter was
born weighing but three pounds after
being fully dressed The child is well
formed.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
Minimum Of Fifteen Cents.

Jackson, Miss. Sept. 10.-The South.
ern Cotton associations executive com.
mittee. which has been in session here
for three days, has declared for a Is.
cent minimum price on cotton and not
less than 500 for cotton seed per ton
The declaration of the committee had
already had the effect of stimulating
the farmers.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
Residence Robbed.

tryman and family of Oak Cliff were
absent from home some one entered
their residence and departed with a
check for Sl6G66 ard $33 35 in cash
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

"Colonel' Wickiffe's friends have dis
covered that candidate for Governor
is not personally responsible for what
he says. The colonel seems to be trying
to turn himself from the bottom of the
deck
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
INSURANCE..

When you want money, FIRE insurance,
bonds. life insurance, real estate, acct
dent insurance or building and loan
stock, see w. {. Agurs, III the Cooper
building
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
Speakers Last Season.

Hubbard City, Tex, Sept. 10.-Tris
Speaker of Hubbard City. the crack
right fielder of the Houston baseball
team. who was recently sold to the
Boston league team. but the contract
not closed on account of the objection
Of his mother, has gone to Boston 30
finish the season, after which he says
he will return home and quit the dia
mOnd
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
DIR. +. G.. ALLEN.

The Caucasian has been requested to
announce that DR.. T. g. Allen has re-
sumed the practice of his profession.
Office in the Cooper building.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
THROWN FORTY FEET,
Milk Wagon Demolished by Train and
Driver Loses His Life.

Greenville. Tex. Sept. 1O.-As Err
nest Flowers, eighteen years old. was
driving a milk wagon across the Mid
land railway track Monday the vehicle
was struck by train and demolished
Flowers was thrown forty feet ard
instantly killed The team was un
hurt.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
ROOMS FOR RENT.

Two desirable rooms are offered for
rent. The residence is No. 1904 Rey-
nolds street on the West End line. Good
neighborhood For particulars apply on
the premises.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
EDITORIAL PARAGRAPHS.

1t appears TO us that some of thc ex-
elusive Sanders organs have an idea
that the Ten Commandments are SITS
pended during a political campaign.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

John S. Richardson Of Claiborne is a
candidate for the legislature lie repro
duces the platform Of Mangham of
Rchland. The samencss would indicate
that there was chip and bug some
where. and the Shreveport Times ap-
proves the creed of these gcntlcmen
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

General John McGrath notes i'll his
Baton Rouge Truth that "Lleutcnant
Governor Sanders is still away in the
lead in the gubernatorlal race" General
John exhibits all the symptoms of man
who is working his passage.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
AWARDED TO AUSTIN.
Franchise Owners of Texas Baseball
League Drop Out Temple.

San Antonio, Sept 10.-The franchise
owners OF the Texas Baseball league
met here. The pennant was awarded
to Austin. Protested games in which
Vinson participated were not thrown
out. DR.. Robbie was reelected pres
ident. Temple was dropped. Another
city will be selected to replace her
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
James r. Wheat cead.

Sherman. Tex. SEPT. Thames r.
Wheat, pioneer and successful bust
ness NAH, died Monday
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
COTTON MARKET.

Office Of The Caucasian.
Shreveport. La. Sept. 10, 1907.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
Dies In .Jsii.

Waxahachie, Tex. Sept III it,.
George. a negro, shot while osf:te.
we're raiding crap game. died In ia.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

DRESS MAKING AND FITTING.
Dress making and fitting executed in
the best style at satisfactory prices APP
ply at No. IIo4 Reynolds street.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

A tax surplus is vicious enoug, God
knows. Our present million or more
has become disturbing, not to say cor
rupting factor in our politics Add to it
millions of a sinking fund and the State
would be as deeply debauched as in Lot
terry days.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

If you are one of those who are par
ticular about your stationery, send it to
MS. Phone 1000, either kind.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
NERVOUS DEBILITY,

Vital Weakness and Prostra-
ton from overwork and other
causes. Humphreys Honaeo-
pathic Specific No. %, in use
over 20 years, the only success
nal remedy. S. per vial, or spec
hl package for serious cases, SIS.
prsssisss OF sent prepaid on receipt Of prisa
nksys I'D. ca, aAla;am I loha STD. NY.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

If you will telephone one thousand,
we will send man to figure with you
on any size job of printing
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
RAN DOWN BY TRAIN.
Alfred Clifford Instantly Killed and Two
Sons In iured

Cleveland. Okla. Sept 10-Alfred
Clifford was instantly killed and his
two sons injured when run down by
Katy freight train near Cleveland
They drove on the track, not noticing
the approaching train. One horse was
killed and the wagon demolished.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

WELIMAN HEADQUARl Frs
For paints, wall paper and glass; tor
painting. paper hanging and signs. All
orders given prompt attention.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
SHREVEPORT MARKET.

The market closed quiet revised.
Receipts so bales.
Sales to factors none.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

John Wckliffc is at it again, but the
people are getting gun shy.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
Kicked to Death by Horse.

Binger. Okla. Sept 10.-Charles
Price. twelve years old. was kicked to
detah ny horse.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
For Week Commencing Monday, DC

For Week Commencing Monday, Oc-
tober %, 1907.
4 Pinchera, J. A. Balm, w. f.
Murray. r. l.. 5 Phillips, D. T.
Eubanl<s, c. d. 4 Filhiol, ! b.
4 McLemore. W. r.
Massey, w J. 4 Malleu. l.. -.
4 Coon. f. S. 4 Brewster, II. {.
4 Lowenthal, M, l..
Adock, J. NJ. Boydston, Pink.
8 Forbing, Fl. S. A.
3 Johnson. s. ID. 4 Frankel, Saml.
4 Jouett. J. b. 2 kainsky, NJ,
) Hill, f. M. Little, N. +.
4 Busbey, J. l.. Jr. I Flores, S. +.
4 Mckittrick, P. w,
Balfe, VIM. 4 Hendricks. J. A.
Barron, w. V. 7 Clingman, A. p.
4 Morris. J. g. Burch. w. n.
For Week Commencing Monday, No
vember 4. 1907.
Hale, J. NJ 4 Kelly, w A.
Malloy, p. !. 4 Wylie, T +.
Adams, J. 0. G..
POLICEMAN, H. A, 4 Turk. J. w.
Mannheim, H. 4 Bell, J +.
4 Beamon, +. M. 4 Irvine. I. p.
a Drew. l.. c. 8 Bonner, p w.
d Noel. w B. 4 PORTER, V. l..
3 Flowers. Lester. g Cupples, J +.
4 Rothenberger +. i Chapman, H. A.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

Slanderng Sanders is again the slo-
gan of his organs Evidently the St
Mary man has struck another knot.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
GRAND JURORS.

d Ward, S. J. g Hudson, J. A
d McDearmont,
: Flournoy. Lucian. 4 Bernstein. JuIIu,
d Barnett, Albert 4 Boetz, Otto.
g Jackson. {. c. 4 Foster. J b
j Bodenheimer, II 4 Haden, w I.
i Chatwin, e. L. Eubanks. +. u
4 Cheshire, {. {. : Browning, J. w.
7 Herndon. | r. 4 Blair, {, W.
4 Hcarne. G.. NJ 3 Hart. {. {.
1 Wheless, w. f.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

Fl. A. Mangham, of the Richlan1
Beacon. somes forward with plat
form" upon which he appeals to his
people for legislative honors. This is
No. 2 81 am in favor of liquidating the
State debt by setting aside a sinking
fund from the revenues each year
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10
TIL. VI NIRI'

Ncnrc First District Court for Grand
Jury term commencing OH first Monday
III October 1907, and Petit Jury for term
commencing Oil third Monday III &c
tobcr 1907:
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

Our esteemed young Calcaseuan, ?.
A. Sompayrac, has withdrawn from the
race for Attorney General. He went
after" Judge Coco, rival candidate, and
after weeks debate Paula looked like
he had been attending successful coon
hunt in the capacity of the coon.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

The New Orleans Item insists upon
knowing how the several candidates for
Governor stand regarding predatory
capital. trusts and railroads in politics
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

1t appears TO us that some of thc ex-
elusive Sanders organs have an idea
that the Ten Commandments are sus-
pended during political campaign.
John Wickliffc is at it again but the
people are getting gun shy.
"Colonel' Wicklife's friends have dis
covered that candidate for Governor
is not personally responsible for what
he says. The colonel seems to be trying
to turn himself from the bottom of the
deck.
General John McGrath notes in hie
Baton Rouge Truth that ''Licutcnan,
Governor Sanders is still away in the
lead in the gubernatorlal race" General
John exhibits all the symptoms of MAJ,
who is working his passage.
John S. Richardson of Claiborne is Z
candidate for the Legislature He repro
duces the platform Of Mangham OF
Richland The samencss would indicate
that there was chip and 4 bug some
where. and the Shreveport, Times ap
proves the creed of these gentlemen
Sandering Sanders is again the slo
gan Of his organs Evidently the st
Mary man has struck another knot.
Our esteemed young Calcasieuan, ?
A. Sompayrac, has withdrawn from the
race for Attorney General. He wen
after" Judge Coco, rival candidate, ant
after a weeks debate Paula looked lik'
he had been attending successful cool
hunt i'll the capacity of The coon.
Judging from Brother Schwing's Ell
logies of Sanders one would suspect tina
the brother had caught All angel on thu
| fly.
The Interstate Newsboy, published
from Logansport, is spicy and inter
esting local sheet. clean morally ant
geographically and deserves patronage
The New Orleans Item insists upor
knowing how the several candidates fo
Governor stand regarding predator,
capital. trusts and railroads in politics
H. A. Mangham. of the Richlan1
Beacon, somes forward with plat
form, upon which he appeals to hi
people for Legislative honors. This j
No 2: Il am in favor Of liqudating thu
State debt by setting aside a sinking
fund from the revenues each year
A tax surplus is vicious enoug, Coz
knows. Our present million or NOR
has become disturbing, not to say cor
rupting factor in our politics Add to i
millions of sinking fund and the Stat
would be as deeply debauched as in Lot
terry days.
ROOMS FOR RENT.
Two desirable rooms are offered fo
rent. The residence is No. 1904 Rey
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

Judging from Brother Schwngs eu-
logies of Sanders one would suspect that
the brother had caught an angel on the
fly.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

he Interstate Newsboy, published
from Logansport, is a spicy and inter
esting local sheet. clean morally and
geographically and deserves patronage.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1907-09-10

Clerk and exOfficlo Jury Commissioner
A True Copy.
+. A. LEONARD,
Sept. 10. Clerk
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
A MIND AT PEACE.
Truly Said to Lend Grateful Music by
Every Passer-by.

The influences of mind at peace
are beyond all calculating Those who
understand that the laws of the sub.
tier matters work through thought
functions know that thoughts are
things and go whithersoever we send
them, that they build real atmospheres
around us, and hover in clouds above
and about our friends. The harmon
lied and loving mind distills its peace
through all the mental atmosphere,
waiting waves of contentment and
pleasure as far as they reach. We
know what sweet wholesomeness
seems to be exhaled by the mere pres
ence of some people. 1t is the inner
harmonies of their minds permeating
the mental and moral atmosphere.
1t Ia by the power Of such gentle
and healthful influences as these that
we give our finest sympathy to the
distressed. In our presence the wilt
ing flower raises it's dropping head.
Strength is impaired to the sad and
weary heart, courage to the despair
ing, heart vitality to the loveless and
lonely. Proof ourselves against dis
aster, we mend the ills of others.
The mind that is a mansion filled
with all sweet sounds and harmonies
lends its grateful music to every pass
er-by.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
HAD HIS EXCUSE READY.
PrIvate's Good Reason for Sailing Un-
der Distinguished Alias.


Walter Wellman, the noted explorer,
journalist and aeronaut, was discuss
ing on the Carmania, on the way to
America, an English aeroplane that
had failed.
THE machine" Mr.. Wellman said,
sis no good, and 1t never will be any
good. Its inventors excuse for it's
failure-he- blamed the wind, the mo-
tor, a loose screw-begged the ques-
ton as the private did in the civil war.
This private escaped from camp
one night, visited town, and in return
ing was waylaid by sentry.
WHO goes there?' the sentry called
in the darkness.
"'Gen. Grant the private answered
in the voice of one who has consumed
II beers and nine whiskies.
And thereupon the disgusted SEN
try knocked the man down with his
musket butt.
Jim Jobbins,' the sentry ex-
claimed, recognizing the private as he
helped him up. how dare you to say
that you are Gen. Grant?'
''The private tied his handkerchief
around his head.
well, he stanmered, If you'd do
this to Gen. Grant, what wouldn't you
have done to Jim Jobbins?'"
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01

A. Bobenreith, of Denver, deputy or
ganizer of an order known as the Stop
ers of the World, is in the city attempt
ing to organize lodge in the county. A
meeting of all those interested in the
organization or who would like to be-
come members will be held at the Tel
ler house this evening. Anyone en-
gagged in mining in any of it's branches
either as mine owner, mine worker,
mining investor, mining engineer, as
sayer, surveyor, prospector, broker or
legitimate investor is eligible to men,
bership. 1t is a fraternal order and
the object is to help the mining indus
try by harmonizing the. j different
branches of mining.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
Thinkinu Aloud.

The philanthropic coal dealer was
debating circular letter of friendly
advice to be addressed to his custo-
mers.
Dear sir" he said, from our
knowledge Of the supply on hand at
the various centers, and from the con-
ditions governing the market, we feel
warranted in assuring you that coal
is now at the lowest notch at which
1t will be sold this year, and there
fore now is the time to lay in your
supply for next winter. The price will
probably advance next month. BY the
lord mayor of London and the seven
wise men of Greece, we know it will!
Hold on" he added hastily, looking
over his stenographer's shoulder.
"You needn't put that last sentence
down. My mind was wandering for a
moment. Tribune.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
The largest and finest line of fishing
tackle in the county is at. .Rapin's.

August Stangier, employed on the
Powers mine, in attempting to save a
fellow workman from slide last even
ing was precipitated down the shaft a
distance of thirty feet. Despite his eff
forts to prevent the slide, the dirt and
rock came down, much of it falling on
him. In falling he managed to save
himself from going down an additional
ninety feet by catching on station.
He received bad cut in the forehead,
sprained wrist and minor other in
juries. Mr.. Stangier will be laid up sew
eral days but considers himself lucky
that he escaped with his life.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01

A girl may have false hair and false
teeth and still be able to find a mans
heart with fine apple-dumpling.
On account of the late spring and
the absence of hammock sparkling,
Christmas weddings are expected to
fall off materially this year.
A friend of mine feathered his nest
by marrying a rich milliner
1t used to be the time, the place
and the girl. but on account of this
chilly, fussy old spring. it has been
the time, the fireside and the girl for
two months past. dated June u.
A rowboat is mighty poor thing
in which to make love.
This late spring is stopping a lot
OF talk about peek-a-boo waists, any.
how.
My last Christmas neckties are Just
about worn out. How are you getting
along with yours?
A Cincinnati girl worth $4,000
married man who thought she was
poor. II must be great to marry a
girl like that and wake up to give
the wolf at the door the merry ha ha.
Nobody hasn't sent us snake
stories In months.
1t sometimes takes a lot OF slick
maneuvering to get that cigar out of
your friends pocket without stealing
1t or asking for smoke oint-blank.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01

The local of the w. F. ofSM. has de-
cided to hold celebration in this city
on Labor day and an extensivejprogram
is being arranged for the occasion.
There will be three games of ball-one
on Sunday preceding the celebration
and two on Monday. The iother sports
will consist of walking match, 1OO-yard
dash, boys foot race, burro race, ham,
mer throwing, drilling contests, etc.
Good prizes, which will be announced
later, will be awarded for all events
and only residents of Gilpin county will
be permitted to compete for these. The
Central City band will furnish music
and the celebration will conclude with a
grand ball at Armory hall in the even
ing.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
Strays.

When man has water on the brain,
1t really doesn't matter whether it is
boiled or not.
criticized for talking too much.
1t is not alone the unmarried that
are disappointed in love.
When a man is working on good
salary, he takes at least an hour for
lunch. When he is in the business
for himself. ten minutes is too long.
Five million dollars for heroes!
Just my luck. Nobody ever falls into
the water when / am around.
Tom Mason, discussing the mod
ern novel, asks: why did the organ
peal?" Because 1t could not shuck,
Tom, old boy.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
Beyond the Dream. Of Avariee.

The wealth is one of the most COM
parative of terms was aptly illustrat-
ed by an old colored nanny" in
Charlston, S. C. She had been doing
the laundry work Of a certain family
for quite awhile. but, deciding to
leave the neighborhood, she had come
to tell them that she would no longer
be able to perform these duties.
The lady Of the house, wishing to
secure another good washerwoman,
inquired Of the old woman as to the
reliability Of another negress who she
happened to know lived next door to
the first.
Laws. missus." replied the old
darkey, dat woman doan' do no
washin'; sh's rich. she is. She's got
a doorbell to her house."
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
John \. Maroon Is Called by His Maker.

John H. Maroon died in this.city on
July 10th, of miners consumption. De-
ceased was single man, having rela-
tives in England, Of which country he
is a native. He was miner, at which
occupation he worked until his illness
interfered. Funeral was held this af-
ternoon, from his late residence on Cas-
ey Avenue, under the auspices of the
Knights of Pythias of which lodge he
was member.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
II One Only Could.

A group OF New York brokers were
talking about John w. Gates rooms
In the new Plaza hotel, rooms for
which he pays $4,000 year.
WELL" sAid an elderly bachelor, '1f
Mr.. Gates business had all been con.
Quoted with women, as so much Of
mine is, he wouldn't be living in such
rooms as those.
, "Mr. Gates was discussing women's
ideas about business the other night.
He said q woman whom he knew
once mailed her broker this note:
&. "'Please buy for my account 1000
shares Of p. d. & @. at 76. Sell at
100, and be sure to send me the profits
by noon tomorrow, as am going out
of town."
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
I'z|i;|||'if|ER||'|z||lH 8 a
Har7o UNCLE BY
Copyright: 1907: by Byron Williams.


Be a Boy.
come along! Come along, where the
pathway leads
To the fragrant woods of green
Where the brooklet sings and the Ivy
clings
And the mating rain-doves preen.
Come along! Come along. where the cat
bird calls,
And the chipmunks scold and play;
Where the fisher-boy in his realm OF
joy
Plods a-whistling on his way.
Come along! Come along. where the
wild phlox waves
And the spotted-adders grow;
Where the world is sweet and the breezes
fleet
Blend a nectar as they blow.
Come along! Come along, and forget
your cares,
Leave your troubles in the town;
Be a boy to-day in the good old way
And LIVE ere the NIGHT comes down!
Be boy! Be boy! Be a boy once
more
Be boy with busted toe;
Be boy to-day in the good old way;
And forget your manhood's woe!
Just to-day! Just to-day, wear ragged
hat,
A patch on your denimed seat;
Have dog to-day that will romp and
play,
p And knife that can't be beat!
Bait your hook! Bait your hook! Tie a
big cork on.
Cut the crotches for your pole;
Get the HOPE to-day that you had al
way
By the mystic bullhead hole!
Keep the HOPE! Keep the HOPE, as
YOU leave the charm
OF the boyland, tanned and brown
Take 1t back to work with FURNISHED
mind
And WIN ere the NIGHT comes down!
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01
Rural Rhxmina.

The man who wrestles with the COW
and learns the calves to suck, who
casts the corn before the swine is now
In greatest luck, for buffers on the
upper grade, veal's higher than a kite,
fresh pork is climbing up the scale
and beef is out Of sight. The eggs he
gathers every day from out his chick.
en- coop are almost worth their weight
in gold, and we are in the soup. His
corn brings fancy prices, 1t is rising
every day, and he rakes In all kinds
Of cash for half ton Of hay. The
farmers In the saddle, and when he
comes to town. the rest OF us, by right.
should go way back and then sit
down.-Mendon (Mich.) Leader.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01

At the special meeting of the city
council held Saturday evening, the call
for bids for the construction of the
stone f1ume across Main street was
postponed to the regular meeting in
next month. The council decided to go
in body to the James Peak lake and
inspect the work that had been done on
the water system. The trip is being
made today.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01

Albert Hepburger, well-known
teamster, had the misfortune of break
ing his left leg Friday. He was coming
down Gregory gulch on load of ore,
when the brake on his wagon broke.
The wagon rushed down on the horses
when there was nothing to hold it back
and this caused the team of four to run
at brisk speed. Mr.. Hepburger was
thrown heavily to the ground and sus-
tanned the injuries stated above. DIR.
Froid, who is attending him, says that
he is doing well.
Gilpin observer., 1907-08-01

T. H. Trenoweth disposed of what re-
mained of his shoe stock Tuesday to
party from Fort Collins, who will
conduct sale and close it out. Mr..
Trenoweth will remain in the city a
week or two to straighten out his ac-
counts and then may take trip to his
old home in England. He had been in
business in this city eleven years.