Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1907-04-16

port or great BODY or Men entitled
to respect has a wonderfully compel
ling effect upon mankind. The adop-
ton of new standard of human act
ion is never the result of force of the
threat of force; is always the result
of moral process, and to the initiL-
ton and continuance of that process
principle are essential. When tlat
| public assertion and advocacy of tue
process has been worked out and the
multitude of men whom governments
genuine and not perfunctory acceut-
ance of the new standard, governments
represent have reached a point OF
conform themselves to it.
World Not Ruled by Force.
| 1t is a common saying that the world
| is ruled by force-that the ultimate
sanltion for the rules of right Icon
duct between nations is the possibility
of war. That is less than half truth
| There was a time when the official in
tercourse between nations which We
call diplomacy consisted chiefly of
bargaining and largely of cheating in
the bargain.
| Diplomacy now consists chiefly In
making national conduct conform or
appear to conform to the rules which
codify, embody, and apply certain
moral standards evolved and accept
ed in the slow development of civili-
zation. The continual and unceasing
process of diplomatic intercourse by
which these standards are pressed up
on the government of every nation,
braced by the tremendous power of the
| opinion of the civilized world, enforc ]
| by the desire for the good opinion and
apprehension of the disfavor of man
kind, form a strong external restraint
upon national conduct; and these
standards have been created by the
evolution of moral as opposed to
| physical forces.
| The value of declaring principle
may be illustrated by the effect of the
arbitration convention agreed upon
| in the international peace conference
at The Hague in 1899. That conven-
| ton did little more than to declare
4 i
which there might be arbitration, but
| it bound nobody to arbitrate, or to
mediate, or to accept mediation. The
machinery provided has been but little
used; the arbitrations at The Hague
have been few and not of the first or
der of Importance: yet no one can for
moment question the enormous inn
petus given to the principle of arbitra Z
ton of international controversies in
lieu of wor by that open and public
declaration that such controversaries
ought to be arbitrated,"
o. s. Straus on Peace.
Oscar s. Straus, secretary of conf
merce and labor, took for his theme:
1.-THE Peace of Nations and Peace
Within Nations" He said:
Nations, like individuals, pass
through stages of development, and
each stage of that development <
characterized by different and often
varying aspirations. Beginning with
modern times. the Reformation, the
nations were held under the spell of
ecclesiastical domination, which pro-
dueed the so-caled religious wars
which terminated with the Thirty
Years war and the Treaty of West
phalia. This was followed by the
hunger for power which rose to its
height under the Infatuated neroism
of the Napoleonic wars; after this fol-
lowed the the period of industrial SIN
and trade expansion, at the height Of
which we now find ourselves.
"This last period, which has wit
messed the development Of great in
dustrial combinations, has also wit
messed the development of the powers
of the wage-earners under ogranized
labor This development, to which
the most advanced nations Of the earth
owe the wonderful growth of their
maerial prosperity, brings with 1t
many advantages alo serious dangers.
which. If not regulated by humane
considerations and by the spirit of
equity and justice, threaten the most
serious domestic conflicts.
Unrest Breeds Antagonism.
Unrest and dissatisfaction at homa
breed antagonism abroad. The nation
happy apd contented within its bor-
ders is never menace to neighboring
nations. It's chief danger lies In not
being able to protect itself against the
discontentment of other nations, and
nothing contributes more to peace
than peace at home. Often in the
past has nation gone to war or be N
driven to war by reason of internal
discomfort, compelling 1t, as it wero.
to choose war without as a lesser
evil in order to avert revolution with.
In its borders.
ION the 10th OF December last the
committee selected by the Norwegian
strothing, under the will of Alfred
Bernhard Nobel, for the distribution