davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

bers of the court were all in full uni
form and were seated around a
large table parallel with the north
side of the room. Gen Hunter, the presi-
dent, sat at the eastern end. The prison.
ers' dock was platform raised about one
foot from the floor and about four feet
broad, with strong railing in front of it.
Along this dock sat the accused. Mrs.
Surratt had the left-hand corner to her
self passageway to the door leading to
the cells intervening between her and the
seven male prisoners, who sat sandwiched
with six soldiers. who Wore the light blue
uniform of the Veteran Reserve Corps.
DR.. Mudd wore handouts connected with
chains but the bracelets of the other male
prisoners were joined by wide bars of iron
ten inches long, which kept their arms
apart. All the prisoners. except Mrs. Sur
raft, wore anklets connected by heavy
short chains, which hampered their walk,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14
The Green Sun
of Ancient Egypt

Perhaps it is the sun and not the moon
that is made of green cheese. the ap-
nearance of a green light at sunset, like
many other phenomena supposed to nave
only recently attracted attention, was no.
ticed and commented upon by the ancient
Egyptians, and more particularly SO De-
cause in the clear air of Egypt the tints OF
sunset are peculiarly distinct.
AS the sun there descends nearer and
nearer to the horizon, and is immensely
enlarged and flaming, it suddenly becomes.
for an instant, a brilliantly green color and
Immediately a series of green rays suffuses
the sky in many directions, well nigh to the
zenith. The same phenomenon appears at
sunrise, but to a smaller extent Some
times, just as the last part of the suns
disk vanshes, it's color changes from green
to blue, and so also after it has disap-
peared the sky near the horizon often Is
green, while toward the zenith it is blue.
This was alluded to in Egyptian writings.
Day was the emblem of life and night that
OF death, and the nocturnal sun, being
king of the dead. The setting sun was
green, therefore Osiris, as the nocturnal
deity of the dead, was painted green. The
splendid collins of the high priests of AM
mor frequently depict the green sun and
the funeral deities are all colored green
There are innumerable instances in the
Egyption relics of representations relative
to death being colored green The practice
undoubtedly arose from the green tints
of sunrise and sunset. The green sun disk
is referred to 5000 years ago in Egypt. This
is the earliest known human record of an
astronomical phenomenon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14
Continued From Fourth PageJ

blocks up the street. urging his horse by
spur and whip TO breakneck speed.
In the meantime DR.. Charles Taft and
other civil and army surgeons fought their
way 10 the stage and were lifted up into
the locked box. DIR. Taft made an exami-
nation. locating the wound just behind the
!efi ear \ carriage had been ordered to
take the President to the White House, but
DR.. Taft couEtermanded this direction, real
ling that the dying man would not have
lived 20 reach the Executive Mansion If
jolted y the rough cObblestone pave
ments So willing hands lifted the uncon-
sclous Lincoln and carried him to the
street where Dr.. Taft saw man standing
on the porch Of a house opposite the the
ater. the open door behind him revealing a
brilliantly lighted hail.
The Presidents bearers, at DR.. Tafts di-
rectior carried him to this house, where a
little bed room was found at the end Of the
hall on the first floor. Tie single bed was
pulled out from me corner of the room and
the dying mar placed on it diagonally, his
extreme length not admitting of any other
position All night he lay unconscious, his
pulse becoming feebler and feebler, his
respiratioi. fainter and at twenty-five min
utes past the pulse ceased beating
The room in which Lincoln died had been
occupied for some time by William 7.
Clark, a soldier of Company D, 18th Massa-
cbiise:ts Infantry. and detailed in the quar-
termaster's department
Early in the morning of April! 10 the
Presidents body was removed to the White
House and Andrew Johnson was sworn in
as President.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

and rest neither night nor day till it is ac-
complished.''
Then President Johnson appointed a mill
itary commission consisting of Maj. Gen
David Hunter, L. S. V; Maj. Gen. Lew
Wallace, L. S. v; Brevet Maj. Gen. Au-
gust V. kautz. L. S. v; Brig Gen. Alvin
p. Howe. L. S. v; Brig. Gen. Robert s.
Foster, U.S.V.; Brig. Gen. james A. Ekin, L.
S. v; Brig. Gen. T. NJ. Harris L. S. v;
Brevet Col. c. H. TCmpkins. L. s. v. and
Lieut.. Col David R. Clendenin, Sth Illinois
Cavalry. Brig. Gen. Joseph Holt was ap-
pointed judge advocate and recorder, with
Judge Advocate Henry l.. Burnett and John
A. Bingham as assistants. Brevet MAJ.
Gen. John F. Hartranft was assigned to
duty as special provost marshal.
The commission met in the northeast cor
ner of the third story of the old penlten-
tfarv. near the cells in which the prisoners
were confined. During the trial the mem
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14
American Allegiance
to the British Crown

Special Correspondence OF The Star
LONDON, April 4, 1907.
n ATRIOTIC Americans will make sat
isfactory deductions from the list
. just issued by the British government
of persons to whom certificates of natural
ization were issued during 1906.
OF the vast army of Americans who for
one reason another spend several years
in foreign countries, very small proportion
renounce their allegiance to the land of
their birth. In Germany the American has
no difficulty in adapting himself to the
beer and In growing an Imperial NOUS
tache; in France he delights in the gay
life of Paris, and in London he soon learns
to wear a tall hat-but in any land the
American SCION chooses to exchange the
Stars and Stripes for another flag.
OF the S41 aliens who became British
subjects last year through naturalization,
Two of them were women, attracted per-
haps, by the somewhat encouraging pros
poets at that time of female enfranchise-
ment in England. One American in swear
ing allegiance to the crown, deserts nis
American" name. Rosenplanter, for the
notwithstanding McKeever.
The names of the new ex-American Brit
ishers are George F. Blake, Julia Cowan
Brown. George Grant Elizabeth Parker
Hastings, Humphrey Thomas Jones, Julius
Jones, Friedrich Adolph KONG, Frederick
Leonard Mckeever formerly Rosenplant-
err, John Clark Palmer Oswald Sanderson,
August Joseph Smerlng and John Nichols.
In the whole number of newly natural
lied citizens, Russia naturally leads, ow-
ing to the great exodus from that turbulent
nation Of people seeking a new country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14
NIVERSARY OF WASHINGToNS GREATEST TRAGEDY

and heavy iron balls We're also attached
by chains to the limbs of Payne and Atzer-
oct. During their confinement in the peni-
tertiary the prisoners, with the exception
of Mrs. Surratt, wore caps drawn over
their heads. The cap was of gray flannel,
made roughly, with a string drawn through
the end The cap or mask was tied loosely
under the chin. A slit in it served as a
hole for the mouth. The cap was left off
when the prisoners appeared in the court
room.
. The prisoners when arrested were first
confined in the Old Capitol prison and on
board of the monitors Montauk and Sau-
gus anchored off the navy yard, whence
they were removed 10 the building orig
inally used as the pcnitentary of the Dis
trict of Columbia. which was within the
limits of the United States arsenal on
Greenleafs point, at the junction of the
Potomac and the Eastern branch, and at
the foot of AZ street southwest.
Major Gen. Hartranft, the special provost
marshal detailed for the trial, had placed
under his orders a brigade of volunteers
and a detachment of the Veteran Reserve
Corps. Strong guards were SO posted as
oners impossible. and there was in addi-
ton a detective force which exercised
watchful surveillance.
The commission met at 10 O'Clock am,
Wednesday. May TO- 1863 and the special
order of President Johnson converting the
commission was read to the prisoners,
Samuel Arnold, Samuel A. Mudd, Edward
Spangler Michael OLaughlin, George A.
Pau na,ri "a
and Mary E. Surratt. and they were ar
raigned ION the charge of conspiracy to
assassinate President Lincoln and other
officers of the federal government. Reverdy
Johnson, who had been solicited to appear
on behalf of Mrs. Surratt, was not pres
ent, but Frederick Aiken of Washington
acted in his place. Thomas Ewing. jr.,
appeared as counsel for Arnold and DR..
Mudd, w. Z. Doster for Payne and AtZe-
rodt, Frederick Stone for DR.. Mudd, and
Walter Cox for OLaughlin. After the first
day the sessions of the. commission We're
public.
On the morning of the 9th of July the
findings of the court, approved by the
President, were made public. Herold,
Payne, Atzerodt and Mrs. Surratt were
condemned to death, and were executed
the following day. The others were sem
Tortugas, Fla. O'LaushNn died of yellow
fever in 1857, and the others were par
doned by President Johnson in 1869.
John H. Surratt. jr., believed to be
one of the conspirAtors, escaped from
Washington the night of the assassination
and went 20 Canada. Later he was dis
covered in Rome as a member of the papal
guard, and was arrested. He escaped and
was again arrested at Alexandra, Egypt.
Surratt was tried before the Criminal Court
of the District. the trial lasting from June
10 to August IL, 1857. The jury disagreed.
standing eight for acauittal and four for
conviction. Surratt was kept in the Old
Capitol prison for some months and finally
was released on ~, go bail.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14
Keeping in Tune.
From Success

FROM success
Nothing could induce Ole Bull to play in
pubic until his violin was in perfect tune
1t did not make any difference how long IL
took him or how uneasy his audience be-
came, if a string stretched the least bit
during performance. even if the discord
was not noticed by any one but himself
the instrument had to be put into harmony
before he went on.
Great music teachers say that nothing
will ruin the constituencies of the ear and
lower the musical perception and standard
so quickly as using an instrument out of
tune, or singing with others who cannot
appreciate fine tone distinctions The mind
after while ceases to distinguish dalicata
shadings of tone The voice quickly ini-
tates and follows the musical instrument
accompanying it. The ear is deceived after
a while and the singer forms the habit OF
singing off key. 1t does not matter what
particular instrument you may be using in
the great life orchestra. whether IL be tho
vielin the piano. the voice, or your mind.
expressing itself in literature law, rned;-
cine or any other vocation you cannot af-
ford to start your concert, with the great
human race for your audience, without get
ting Ii in tune.
1t is strange that men, who very
shrewd in other matters, should be
short-sighted. SO ignorant, so utterly fool
ish in regard to the Importance of keeping
their marvellous, intricate and delicate men,
tai machinery every day in tune; for har-
mony means efficiency, power. Many a
business drags himself YEARLY
through a dscordant day and finds himself
completely exhausted at night, who would
have accomplished a great deal more, with
infinitely less effort, and have gone home
at night in a much fresher condition II no
had taken time to put himself in tune be-
fore going to his Office In the morning
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

murderer should be taken alive. Corbett
was not punished. He afterward went in
sane.
The ASA ssinatiOn of President Lincoln
was a military crime. He was killed while
actually in command of the United States
army as commander-in-chief. and conse-
quently the conspirators were excluded
from any right to a trial in the civil courts
In an official bulletin the Secretary of War
announced that all persons who had har-
bored or secreted the conspirators, or who
had aided or assisted their escape, should
be Subject to trial before military COM
mission and the punishment is death. Let
the stain of innocent blood be removed
from the land by the arrest and punishment
of the murderers, All good citizens are
exhorted to aid public justice on this occa-
sion. Every man should consider his own
innocence charged with this solemn duty
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

people with temperance speeches in the
ring. At his residence at Bridgeport he
created a sensation by emptying the con-
tents of his wine cellar into the gutter with
imposing demonstrations.
Mr.. Barnum's partner his antithesis
in all that made the elder Snowman ia
nous. Mr.. Bailey never INDUCED either in
intoxicants Incorporate tax. He was
honest as the day and had none of the
ordinary vices, except smoking. He never
posed, but he lived strictly moral life.
The mysterious influence of such a mans
presence Immediately showed itself about
him. His example was stronger than any
sermon. Abuses began to cease at once
on every hand in the b. personnel of the
great show. Within a short time he made
the show morally the cleanest circus Or
ganization that was ever on the road.
Perhaps Mr.. Bailey's greatest reform was
the abolition of privilege selling, reform
which ousted the gamblers, the licensed
pickpockets and robbers of all classes that
swept the country like pestilence in the
wake of the show
This great evil was SO notorious among
showmen that certain nondescript hangers
on were said to own the 'clothesline priy-
lege''-that is the right to rob clotheslines
Oil SIc" C6N' Hiitii liiC ptppiC NSiS ct 'iiS
circus or in the streets
1t is a well known fact that all sorts of
games of"chance" were conducted on the
chance of winning whatever-from the she'll
game to roulette. They were all skin or
brace games.
Regular ounce men and pickpocizets
travelled with the privileges" and We're
protected by the show, which got the rake
off OF the plumber. These men were known
to the proprietors personally, and often
were protected by the local police. 1t was
no uncommon thing in those days for a
town marshal or chief of police in small
cities to bargain with the show for immu-
nifty FOR everything done that day and
night and to receive good money for this
privilege of robbing his neighbours.
/ have Witnessed personally attempts to
strike" Mr.. Bailey with such offers but
they never worked. In small western
city the chief of police came into the tent
early in the morning.
Good morning Mr.. Bailey Everything
goes here for $3.50
Il have nothing to go, " replied the
moral Snowman blandly. Good morning,
Mr. Chief of Police"
Those are literally all the words spoken
then and there but l heard an employe
outside say that the chief of police said as
he went away, Nothing to co. This is
HI of a show.
Ely doing away with privilege selling
Mr.. Bailey had made police buying unnec-
essary.
The marketable privileges consisted of
every conceivable thing out of which money
could be made-the cook tent the candy
and lemonade stands. the program, the side
shows the after performance concert"
inside reserved seat tickets, outside adj
mission tickets, etc Many a circus has
been started on the cash derived in advance
Of the opening from the sale of privileges
to various parties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

who We're prone to forget the full change
for So bill and with magic movement
could readily make folded bill go for two
bills. If the ticket man succeeded in max
ing such haul as to endanger his freedom
in that town he disappeared and bobbed
up in the next. 1t was the policy of the
show publicly to disoMn and eXcoriate these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

cred to be with yCIng. There was nat
urally much excitement among the owners
and attaches since this was the first case
of that nature in this country. In fact.
there was no record of an elephant born
i'm captivity anywhere in the world. The
most elaborate preparations were made TO
receive and care for the newcomer l need
not say that the public of New York and
Philadelphia were duly and scientifically
screwed up to the proper pitch of excite
ment. \ full corps of reporters. medlcaI
gentlemen and scientific experts were on
hand wnen the event took place.
The baby elephant was christened Co
lumbia. and it proved to be one OF the
greatest attractions ever presented to the
public. The curious little creature was an
nounced as the first elephant ever born IN
captivity in the history of the world. Inc
business was enormous. The newspapers
Wed with one another in printing the most
interesting articles about the Baby EIe-
phant" To visit the show and see it as
sumed a species of mania among the
people
This grand success emboldcned Cooper &
Bailey 10 invade the section of country
heretofore held sacred to Barnum. The
east had ALWAYS been conceded to Barnum
as his exclusive territory for show pur-
noses. TRANSFORMATION difficGlties in that
day confined the operations of travelling
show 10 a conDaratiyely small section, and
T. r Barnum called the New England and
other eastern states his own
To encroach upon this territory meant
battle Cooper & Bailey threw down the
gage BaruUm took it upland then the
creates; circus war that ever happened
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

Science Q3oston) announces that the sou!
weighs in the vicinity of an ounce. It's p
good guess that the combined soul weights
of the Standard Oil crowd would not weigh
one scruple.-Puck.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

The English amusement managers
learned Mr.. Bailcy'S mettle just before the
circus opened in London. They combined
TO squeeze him, for they feared the SHOW
would rob them of patronage. Failing in
their first attempt to prevent him from
getting any license at all, they got an un-
expected order from the city council COM
pelling the circus TO comply with the the
atrical requirement of fireproof scenery
This meant that an iron drop curtain had
to he hung in Olympic (the place leased
BIZ the show before We could open.
The London managers chuckled. for only
a few DAYS were left and it was deemed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

a wel-known fact that in the excitement
which prevails show day" in a small
town many good people seem to completely
lose their wits.
Ticket sellers on a monthly salary of $50
would retire at the close of the circus sea-
son with from 81 800 to 81 JO0-which shows
that it was a rather profitable business
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

BEFORE Mr.. Bailey became interested in
the Barnum show the outside privilege on
tickets was sold for some $1,000 for the
season. The enterprising buyers hired a
number of cleNer men to travel with the
show as ticket statesmen. Provided with a
number OF regular circus tickets, some of
these men would go into the town and dis
pose of their tickets at the best they could
get above both the regular price and the
percentage added on by their employers.
Every 50-cent ticket had to be accounted
for at 60 cents. The sellers therefore would
have TO get more than that for private
graft. The surplus over GO cents went into
their pockets.
They received salaries of $50 a month
ont OF which they boarded themselves.
Many of them were sharpers. who operated
rapidly and noislv wherever there were
crowds. They were ''siort-change artists -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

w YHEN Queen. a circus elephant,
Ma gave birth to young elephant
SEkA in Philadelphia she brought on
the greatest contest Tor SD.
premacy in all the history OF
tr, circus world-a battle which ended III
tr.. now famous partnership of Barnum *
Bailey.
The late James \. Bailey then was the
lie,. and soul Of the circus firm OF Cooper Il
Eafey. owners of the Great London Show
Sansers Royal British Menagerie and
Great International and Allied Shows.
While in Philadelphia Queen was discov-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

agents. while really it was responsible for
and actually protected them.
Sometimes these privilege men would
operate directly upon the show grounds or
at the crowded entrance. with the ticket
wagons in plain sight. Many people prefer
paying extra to submitting to the pulling
and hauling of a ticket wagon crowd. 1t is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14

letter." -
She-"She sends you lots of kisses.
He-"You see, she never loses chance
to be disagreeabfe to me. "-Transated for
Transatlantic Tales from LIE Rire.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-14


HE puDle KNOWLEDGE 'haI tie BABY
t-'phaht WIS coming "au tue e'le'l 10
XII the baFhum business risht a'ois' ne
b'I mum Sho" ia" Il" P"i '-tu''ilA "''i "c''Ne
feature 10 adNeI'iSe-d vital l"iHs III 'He
snow business
Earhum became fattied' ana theh me o.u
S''Wmah MADE lae olSGest 'hlStahe OF MS
business ne ne sent t!lls 'SleSia'H ~
James 4 BAILEY.
VII give SI'"'!pJ lot your papE e-e-
l}'H'
HaIitN' iaf more shFe"d than MS rival
saw al "hte lhe nun commercial Nalue OF
TINS communication. Nlthln lie" hours
t-t dedd W"'4s OF 'Ie ulSpuieu territory
were oiacarded with monster sheets repro
daclns tile dispatch ana setting ioTkh the
Haruum estimate oil the value OF MS rival
baby Elephant. The result oil TINS maj
move was To drive Harnum out OF New
England, leaving That territory 10 the un-
disputed possession OF DIS rival
T4ruu-I John l. Natbaus Lewis lime and
George F. Bailey enc relative of James A
R1il-l was known. dissolved partnership
and Rarnum formed a new combination
with lanes 4 Bailey. his last wears
trIl,13i1ut enemy. and lanes 7. UUtcbin
SON owner OF privileges in the London
S. 8y The deal required much dinromac,.
.,r around as RaiI.v had IN oct RID az bfs
1,..-tuers and RarnJn, was Obliged 10 side
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1907-08-15
ExPEN SiVE TRIAL.

The state board of examiners
has nearly completed it's work on
the bills in the Haywood case. The
bills allowed total SS4, 900; pre-
sented but not yet passed 1000,
and bills to come enough to make
grand total Of 800, 900, leaving
$1,000 OF the appropriation. Mr..
Hawley has been paid s3O,o4l. 60
and his bills amounting to SO, 646,-
80. Hawley's own fees are $50,
600. Mr.. Borah's fee OF $4,000
has been paid. The Pinkertou
agency received s29,S79.71. Mr..
Mcfarland was allowed $40 a day
aud money for incidentals. All
other operatives were allowed ex.
pense money. The expense Of
securing witnesses from Colorado
and California was heavy.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1907-08-15
Railroad for WhItebird.

All indications now point to a
railroad for Whitebird at an early
date, at least railroad surveyors
and engineers have been busy down
in the Salmon river country for
the past several weeks. In rail-
road circles it has been known for
some time that the Pacific & Idaho
Northern, which is Northern
Pacific project, is building north
and ultimately will connect with
the Culdesac- GraDgeville exten.
sion, now in the course of construc-
ton.
Supt. Carlston of the construc-
ton division OF the Northern Paci.
&c, in company with engineers Of
the company has been in the vi
cinity Of Whitebird all week TAX
ing elevations, ETC., to determine
the feasibility of constructing a
line from Meadows to Whitebird.
At Freedom an engineering party
from the south coming up from
Meadows met the party from
Whitebird. 1t looks a. though
the object is to make Whitebird
the terminal of the p. /. & N. for a
few years and gradually build
northward.