davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
PINE TREE BREAD THE WINTER CLEAN
xn.e#4rxArs USE THE INNER UP in THE ORCHARD
Little Work Now Will Insure Larger


During the winter is a time that.
with the orchardist, there is very lit
tie that seems to necessarily demand
immediate attention. This is time
when orchards could be given gen.
cral cleaning up with no great eM.
pense. and with perhaps as great re-
turns as from energies expended along
any other line of work connected with
fruit growing. The great amount of
trash that naturally accumulates in
orchards during the fall affords excel
lent shelter r'the numerous enemies
Of the fruit grower. Many of these
pests pass their winter condition in
or on the fruit and leaves left on the
ground and on the trees. The codling
moth finds its winter quarters under
the scales of the bark of trees, under
fallen leaves. in piles of weeds and
rubbish that may collect ut any pace
in the orchard or along fences.
Fungous diseases such as bitter rot
of apples, passing the winter on de-
cayed fruits left hanging on the trees
and lying on the ground. are only
waiting to spread their contagion the
following season, just as soon as con.
ditions. favoring their development ar.
rive. One stage of the apple scab
fungus winters over on the fallen
leaves. -:
1t has been demonstrated by those
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

would be most convenient time 70:
doing the work, since at that time
there is no foliage to obstruct the
view.
In doing the work 1t is necessary
either to climb the trees or to drive
through the orchard with a wagon
having high platform so that the oh.
server may easily look down through
the entire tops of the trees. In cut.
ting out the canker. cut back several
inches below it. and do not cut through
a diseased place. as there would be
possibility of distributing the disease
with the knife. All cut places should
he painted at once and all removed
pieces should be carefully handled and
hastily burned.
The importance of cleaning up the
orchard after each crop has been
gathered is further illustrated by an
observation accidentally made at the
Missouri station during the present
season. In the latter part of May
some inoculations were made on
young Ben Davis. and other varieties
of apples. with the cedar apple fungus
These cultures failing to develop, they
were being thrown out. on the I'd of
July. that the dishes might be used
for other purposes. AS they were be-
ing examined for the last time a we'll
developed case OF bitter rot was Oh
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

Therefore the subsoil must be fertile
and we'll drained. or alfalfa will fail
absolutely.
AS alfalfa grows up and is moved
or grazed the crown sends up new
stalks. From this fact it follows that
grazing should never be clean, nor the
stalk cut at the ground.
The time to SOW in the milder. eli
mates is August Is to October Is. 1t
can be sown in, spring but not as ad-
vantageously. because when fall sown
1t comes up and makes good root
and top growth before cold checks the
growth. Then in March it begins
rapid growth and attains considerable
height and covers the ground before
crab grass and other weeds start.
Then, also, the root growth is suffi-
GENTLY deep to withstand any ordinary
summer drought but at planting there
should be enough water in soil to
bring up the seed.
The best preparation of soil is to
spring, cut off for hay in August, then
with disc harrow or shallow cult
vator loosen the top two inches of
soil thoroughly-notd deeper than three
inches-smooth with tooth harrow,
and SOW the seed at the rate of 20
pounds per acre. Cover with tooth
harrow and then roll the ground; then
brush of the surface with a brush
drawn by horses. This to prevent
rapid drying out of soil after rolling.
Seed covered one to two inches is
about right; the latter If soil is rather
dry or open. If the seed are known
to be all good and the soil in prime,
moist condition, Is pounds of seed is
sufficient. The terminating power of
seed can be tested by placing few
between wet cloth with one end or
corner resting in water to maintain
saturation. If heavy rain occurs
Immediately after sowing and hard,
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
THE A, B, C. OF
ALFALFA GROWING
Cultivation and Treatment
portant-By II. l.. Bennett. Dir. ARK Experiment

There has come general and wide
spread interest in growing alfalfa, and
inquiries for information are numerous
from all sections. Alfalfa as q hay
and pasture plant is worthy of all this
interest in its growth, and because of
Its excellence 1t is very necessary that
the first ones to attempt to grow the
plant be successful, for If they fail
others will not try 1t, and the cause
Of alfalfa will be set back many years.
There are important conditions neces-
sary for success-these we have OBJ
served in our experiments. and they
will be briefly mentfoaed in this CIR
cular.
The plant is perennial-grows up
right. and is resistant to both cold
and drought. The seed are kidney
shape, rather thin, and about one
twelfth inch long. The leaf Is broader
at tip than base. Western grown seed
are better for sowing, as they are per-
haps more resistant to drought and
freezing than local or eastern grown
seed. The root is perennial-and from
the crown passes straight down into
the subsoil. and if not prevented by
rocks, to eight feet and beyond.
Hence the subsoil must be .ppen or
penetrable, we'll drained. not water
soaked, and it must be fertile, since
a few inches Of fertile top soil on a
poor subsoil would be of no value to al
falfa, as the roots would be beneath it.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

apparatus used In connection with
making the cultures was new aud had
been thoroughly sterilized by heat be-
fore using. and the only possible time
at which the apple could have been
infected was while it was hanging on
the tree in the orchard.
To recapitulate. the Importance OF
winter cleaning of orchards cannot be
too forcibly stated. In this cleaning
up. every cankered limb. and every
decayed or mummied apple hanging on
the tree or lying ON the ground,
should be gathered and burned or
buried deeply.
Apple houses and evaporators fur
nish one of the common sources of in.
Testing the orchard with the codling
moth. The culls from the packing
house and the cores from the evapora.
tors are usually thrown aside out of
the way. The worms come out of this
refuse material and go into winter
quarters under anything that may be
at hand to furnish them shelter. In
the spring the moth energies and at
once starts on it's mission of destruc-
ton. This is merely another one of
the many instances in which neglect
Is certain to bring loss.
Spraying thoroughly constitutes a
part of the sanitary care of orchards
An application of strong solution of
copper sulphate and lye. or OF strong
bordeaux mixture made In the early
spring before the buds start. is a
profitable way in which to conclude
the winter treatment of orchards. The
object of this treatment is to thor
! oughly clean up the trees as a ftna.
precaution against insects and fungus
spores that may have lodged at any
place in the bark. Summer spraying
Is also of great value. but this will BIZ
discussed in another bulletin.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

dry crust forms, this may be broken
with light tooth harrow, or roller.
even If seed are sprouting. They are
too weak to break through a hard
crust.
The first summer is the critical time
in the life of alfalfa. Moving must be
done, and done often, without waiting
for blooms to appear. Cut when eight
to ten inches high-or oftener, II
weeds and grass are growing and al.
falfa is not. Cut at this stage the
growth and vigor of the plants have
not been checked by efforts to form
or make seed. Seed making is very
exhausting on the entire plant, and
when permitted to bloom or form seed
before moving the vitality Of the plants
is largely subdued for the season, and
crab grass and weeds then get in their
good work Of determination. The
sickle bar should be raised so as not to
cut too close to the ground. Under ex.
ira favorable conditions moving every
two weeks may be necessary. Ere.
quent moving checks the growth Of
weeds and grass and causes alfalfa to
branch or multiply new stalks and in
crease its vigor, and are essential, es.
pecially if growing slowly. Whenever
the plants stop growing clipping
will be beneficial.
The second year the same precau
ton in moving and clipping should be
observed as during the first. But after
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

the second year. when we'll established
and a good root development, it Is
hardy. and crab grass and weeds cease
to trouble.
Hogs may be grazed on alfalfa the
first year, but not cattle. After first
year If alfalfa shows less vigor and
ground is packed. a disking in fall
with Il disc harrow will be necessary
and will restore the vigor.
When few blooms appear over the
field is the proper stage for best hay,
for all stock, except perhaps work
stock. In that case a little later is
better, but not better for the vigor of
the alfalfa. 1t should be raked into
wind-rows and then into cocks, then
stored. A little salt aids in preserving
the hay If yet little uncured when
stored. Air spaces under the hay and
through 1t are advantageous il not per.
fectly cured when stored.
Alfalfa hay is valuable for and is
relished by all stock. 1t is rich hay
and stock require less grain than when
fed grass hay. For hog pasture alfal-
ia is superior to every other plant.
One acre of suitable soil will with
some grain grow and fatten 20 hogs.
If after treating alfalfa as above and
the plants begin to yellow and fail to
grow either the first or second year.
examination might be made to ascer.
tain whether the small nodules intro.
gen bacteria) are on the roots. and IL
none can be found after carefully ex-
aiming many plants. then the failure
OF the alfalfa to grow may be at
tributed to the absence from the soil
of the alfalfa bacteria. and the remedy
would be to supply the soil with the
bacteria. Leguminous plants, COW.
peas. vetch. clover. alfalfa, etc., etc..
have been found to fail on some soils
because of the absence of the proper
bacteria. and to succeed after the an.
plication of the bacteria.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
OPERATING THE
SEPARATOR
BY Prof. z. H. Webster, u. s. De.
partment Of Agriculture.

Two errors in operating separators
are made because of ignorance. The
first consists in allowing too much
milk to pass through the machine.
AS there is limit to the practical
speed at which the machine can be
safely run, it is not good practice
to try to overcome this error by in
creasing the speed beyond the safe
point. The feed outlet is usually fixed
so that too much milk will not run
through. but cases have. been known
where operators. anxious to shorten
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
KAMscHATKANs USE THE INNER
BARK OF PINE TREES.
Macerate It in Water and Bake Good,
Wholesome eread-The Pine
Keeps the Blood Pure and
The Body Healthy.

In Kamschatka the people live in
earth-covered pits. Mr.. KEENAN, COM
pares the sound of their language to
that of water running out of narrow.
mouth jug. Their bread is made from
the inner bark of the Pine Tree, mace
rated in water and baked without flour.
They are a hardy race, the Pine keep
ing the blood pure and the various Or
gans of the body in healthy condi-
ton. Consumption is unknown among
them.
A noted specialist in throat and lung
trouble. who established camp for
consumptives in the Pine Woods of
Maine. and whose remarkable cures
there have attracted great attention
from the medical world, says that one
half ounce of the Pure Virgin Oil of
Pine, mixed with two ounces of ely
cerine and one.half pint of good Wits
ky and used in teaspoonful doses, will
heal and strengthen the lungs, break
up Il cold in twenty-four hours, and
cure any cough that is durable. The
ingredients can be secured from any
prescription druggist at small cost.
Inquiry at the prescription depart
ment Of leading local druggist elicit
cd the information that the Pure Vir.
gin Oil of Pine is put up only in half
ounce walls for dispensing; Each vial
is securely sealed in round wooden
case, with engraved wrapper, showing
the name-Virgin Oil of Pine (Pure)
guaranteed under the Food and Drug
act. June 80. 1906. Prepares only by
the Leach Chemical CO.. Cincinnati, o.
plainly printed thereon. There are
many rank limitations of Virgin Oil
of Pine Pure,. which are being put
out under various names. such as Con.
centrated Oil of Pine. Pine Balsam.
etc. Never accept these as a substi-
tute for the Pure Virgin Oil of Pine. as
they will invariably produce nausea
and never effect the desired results.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

We are known as the largest growers Of
Grasses, Clovers, Oats, Barley. Corn, Pc.
tatoes and Farm Seeds in America. Oper.
ste over 5000 acres.
FREE
Our mammoth l4S-pagc catalog is mailed
free to all intending buyers; or-send
&c N STAMPS
and receive sample of perfect balance n.
ton grass seed" together with Foddes
Plants, Clover, etc.. ETC., and big Plant
and Seed Catalog free.
John A.. Salzer Seed Co., Bog w. L.
Crosse, Wis.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

the time of separation, have enlarged
the opening. allowing too much milk
to pass. This error is not so common
as the second. which is to allow the
speed of the machine to become too
slow. The slow speed does not gen.
crate enough force to skim properly.
and the result is loss of butter fat in
the skim milk. The number of revolu-
tons a minute required by machine
is usually indicated on the machine or
in the instruction book with It, and
this should be strictly followed.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

served ON one of the Ben Davis apples.
This indicates, as has been stated by
numerous observers. that the fungus
spores may get on the fruit some con-
siderable time before the rot appears.
In this instance. the apple had re-
ceived infection some time in May,
while the disease did not begin to de-
velop until the latter days of June,
as the case was few days old when
first noticed. The cupboard in which
the cultures We're kept was new and
had never been used before, all the
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

who have practiced careful sanitary
methods, that bitter rot can be large
ly controlled by carefully cleaning up
the ground, and picking all mummied
fruits from the trees.
The best way to dispose of these de-
cayed apples is to haul them out of
the orchard and burn or bury them
deep enough so they will not be dis
.urbed by cultivation.
In addition to cleaning up under
the trees as protection against bit
ter rot, it is advisable to pick off all
diseased fruits as soon as they begin
TO appear in the summer.
Trees that have a weeping habit
should be pruned SO that the limbs do
not come in contact with the ground,
and weeds should be prevented from
making rank growth under them, as
this is one of the conditions that in
directly favors the development of the
disease.
Bitter rot is at times the most de-
structive of all epidemics that ever
invades the orchard. The possibility
of being able to check the progress
of this disease alone ought to be suffi-
cient to stimulate every grower in the
country and cause him to thoroughly
clean up his orchard some time dur.
ing the fall. winter and early spring,
removing and effectually destroying
every perceivable piece of material
which might In any way contribute to
Or assist in the spread of the disease.
1t is only recently, during the pres
ent summer, that most important
discovery concerning the habits of the
bitter rot fungus was made by Mr..
X. A. Simpson, of Vincennes, Ind, in
his orchard at Parkersburg, ILL., This
vestigated and given to the public in
two publications by the Illinois Agri-
cultural Experiment Station.
The discovery made was of the fact
that the fungus, as well as occurring
on the fruit. commonly passes part Of
it's existence on the branches of the
tree in the form of cankers. The orr
gin of these cankers is due to the
spores of the fungus getting into
wounded or bruised places of the bark,
where they germinate and grow read.
lily. This makes it very important
that great care should be exercised in
working about the trees, SO that the
bark should not be injured more than
is necessary, thus giving the fewest
possible number of points for infec.
ton in this manner The fungus pass.
ing the winter on these cankered
limbs or on mummied fruits produces
spores In the early summer which are
distributed by the rains and other
agents to the fruits throughout the
tree and to other trees.
The importance of cutting off these
cankered patches from the trees can
not be too strongly emphasized. Tho
work can be done at any time in
the fall, early winter or early spring
without taking the time needed TO,
other duties. 1t seems that in the fall
after the leaves have fallen. or in the
early spring Just before growth starts
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

a I ter day - don't
worry. Doan's Kid
ney. Pills lave cured
thousands of women
in the same condition.
Mrs. A. Holman of
Saltwater. Mimi,
says: "But. for Doan's
Kidney Pills l would
not be living now.
They cured me in
1890 and Two hron
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

we'll since. used to have such pain
in my back that once tainted. The
kidney secretions were much disor-
dered, and l was SO far gone that
was thought to DC at deaths door.
Since DOan's Kidney Pills cured me
feel as If had been pulled back from
the tomb"
Sold by all dealers. so cents box.
Foster ilburn Co, Buffalo, N. Y.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
Where He Failed,

Mrs. Harper--Your husband is an
expert accountant. isn't he? :. q:
Mrs. Adder-He is supposed to be.
but he failed to give satisfactory &C
count Of himself when he CAME home
at 2 O'Clock the other morning.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
now's 'lhia7

We o6er One Hundred Dollars Reward for an
49, Of Gatarrh that cannot be cured BY HeiTs
Ca4arrh Cure
F. J. CHENEY & CO.. Toledo, o.
TOT last u years. and believe him perfectly hon
CRADLE In all business transacttcc: si financially
ssse to carry o.: any obligations made by his drm.
WALDlNH. KINNAE & MARVIN,
Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, q.
6ells Catarrh Cure IL taken Internally, actin9
directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces Of to
Sektle. Sold by oil Druggists.
TAKE Hare Family Pills TOT constipation.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
Anything for a Change.

Greening-I thought your doctor
recommended change of climate for
you.
Browning--So he did; but as
couldn't arrange my affairs SO l could
get away, changed doctors.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
How Could He?

Mother Ito daughter who requests
that young doctor be called in to at.
tend her)-My dear, better have the
old family physician. This man 10
young and has no experience.
Daughter (pouting)-If no one calls
him in how will he ever get any ex.
perience.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

Wanted Al That Was Coming.
Senator, do you intend to deny the
accusation that you are a grafter?"
Certainly not" replied Senator
Badger emphatically. Il propose to
have all the titles that go with my Of.
fee"
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

Hastens the Ripening.-Put a pint
of fresh bnttermilk into the cream
jar as starter. and your cream will
ripen sooner.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

Garfield Tea ENSURES a normal action Of
the liver. Overcomes constipation, and
keeps the blood pure. Drink before retir.
ing.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

When a mans cake is dough he is
quite likely to advertise himself as
dispenser of the bread of life.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

A man may go to a social pace that
will carry him beyond the limits of
his income, but not very far beyond,
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
Evidence,

She made, him sign the pledge
when they were married"
Il always heard that marriage affect.
cd mans Spirits
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
How to Tran wild Anima,.

4o-pagc trap> book illustrated. picture 4e
wild animals in natural colors, also bar
ometer & calendar. also gun & trap catalog,
also prices on raw furs. All sent post paid
for loc stamps or silver. FREE to those
Who ship to. or buy of us. AddressFurDept,
N. w. Hide L. Fur Co.. Minneapolis MINI.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

Money refunded for each package Of
PUTNAM FADELESS DYES if unsatie.
factory. Ask your druggist.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
A Bitter Truth to Him.

A Bitter Truth to Hin.
Bragg declares that his cock is one
Of the best in the country"
HUH" snorted Sububs, that's not
saying much. Whenever really good
cooks gets into the country she chases
back to the city the first chance she
GETS"
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

Only those who marry for money
can afford to repent at leisure.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21
DON'T DESPAIR.
Read the Experience Of a Minnesota
Woman and Take Heart.

II your back aches, and you feel
sick, languid. weak and miserable day
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

Onions vs; eutter.-Keep onions out
of the butter bowl.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

A man naturally hates to be short
long.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

WE PAY THE HIGHEST PRICE
for butter fat In cream. Write for price.
Milton Dairy Co.. ST. Paul
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1907-02-21

Any posi-
lion
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1907-05-08
SAFE CRACKERS
INDICTED

The federal court and grand jury
Is busy in Masonic temple. Judge
Edward Whitson occupies the
bt.nch. Some interesting cases are
docketed principal among which
will be the trial of the two safe
crackers, Blair and Havlin, who
were captured in such sensation
al manner on board Spokane In
land train by Deputy Sheriff Mac
Pugh and Detective McDermott OF
the Inland Co.
The grand jury returned indict-
ments against Paul G. Kruger, who
was charged with sending fictitious
orders for nursery stock to Top
penish, Wash, firm and receiving
commissions thereon: Tom Blair
and Frank Havlin, safe crackers,
who robbed the store of &. p.
Thomas at Freeman of $4,000 worth
Of jewelry.
There are several cases of sell.
ing liquor to Indians now before
the jury and the case of Emery p.
Davis, who is charged with raising
money orders.