davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
WHY UNION PRINTERS
WON THEIR BIG FIGHT
They Conducted q Clean Fight
For the Shorter Workday
Since They Started.
No Slugging Tactics or Istimida-
ton Have Been Used in
the Struggle.

Commenting ON the success Of the
Typographical Union in the conduct of
It's eight-hour struggle, the Dayton
Nght-Hour Advocate, gives great
credit to the union for refraining from
slugging tactics and intimidation and
says its success is due in a large
ed. The Advocate says:
"The strike Of the union printers
for an eight-hour day Is in some re-
spects the most remarkable Industrial
phenomenon the world has ever wit
messed. Never before has labor or
ganization been able to levy an assess
ment Of 10 per cent on the earnings
Of it's close to $4,000 members for an
indefinite period of time and continue
to maintain it's integral existence
This is the wonderful record of the
International Typographical Union,
which has not only assessed its men,
bers from IS to $40 per month for
months on end but has actually grown
in membership while doing so. The
battle has of course not been without
It's sacrifices. as millions Of dollars
have been spent by both sides in the
Issue.
"The most notable feature of the
strike, perhaps, has been the complete
vindication Of the printers of the po-
pular charge that labor organization
must, perforce, resort to unmanly or
cut-throat tactics to win its conten-
tion. No instances Of slugging or
overt actions worthy the name in
timidation have been reported, in spite
Of the fact that the strike has affected
every printing center from coast to
coast, which speaks wonders for the
intelligence and manhood Of the print
ing craftsmen.
I'm this connection it is refreshing
to note that trade unions are making
toward a better and saner plan Of
effort. True unlonism is not destruct-
ive-it believes in the constructive side
of life and the use of brickbate,
boycotts and injunctions are alike dis
tasteful to it. Organized laborers are
coming to realize that no members Of
society are more interested than they
are in the maintenance Of high respect
for law and for all who are duly ap-
pointed to administer and enforce the
laws. Were the law and its ministers
to be overthrown they realize that
they would find themselves indeed in
a. very. sorry plight----under the mailed.
hand and iron heel. perhaps. as were
the toners in the days Of the robber
barons of Europe, and as are the
workers of Russia and Turkey today
ITO nullify the laws and paralyze
the arm of lawfulrauthority is to fall
back to conditions from which labor
has lowly emerged in the course of
maany generations, into an atmosphere
of liberty and Of comparative inde-
pendence and comfort. These monu-
ments have been won and built by
them and for them at untold cost and
sacrifice and their first thought should
ever be for their sacred maintenance"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
METHODIST MINISTER
ON LABOR MOvEMk Mt
Clergymen of ALI Denominations
Coming to realize There Is
Good in Unions.
Ethics Of Trade Unionism Are in
Accord With True Principles
Of the Gospel.

There has been a radical change in
the attitude of some churches and
many clergymen toward the trade
union movement in recent years. AS
has been noted in this column upon
former occasions, preachers are now
seated as fraternal delegates in the
central labor bodies of many of our
cities.
Some of these preachers are enthus-
iastic supporters of trades unionism,
and do not hesitate, in the pulpit or
in public prints, to declare themselves.
One of the most outspoken of these is
Rev. David Morgan, a Methodist cler-
gyman of st. Paul, MINI. Writing of
the church and the trades unions, he
says:
Il was initiated into a labor union
when I was sixteen years of age and
remained so until I was a Methodist
preacher. I have access now to every
labor union in the United States.
when went over to London and
Glasgow, having carried special
card, I was admitted even there to
any labor union, and 1 was delighted
to know that what was truce in my
boyhood days was still going on, that
the leaders of the labor unions were
largely Methodist local preachers and
class leaders.
"Over there in a strike the people
are not surprised to have the presi-
dent of the conference orde ra coll
lection taken in every Methodist
church for the strikers. What would
happen If the bishops Of our Methodist
church did that?
Il am intimately connected with
these labor union officers. I have
served On ten arbitrations and have
been the means of stopping twenty
strikes in the city of st. Paul In my
ministry there, but the sad fact is
that not 15 per, cent Of the 1000 work.
ing men organized in st. Paul 80 to
church with any regularity, and that.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
STATE FEDERATION SECRET
ARY-TREASURER TO BE HERE
And Will Lecture to Union Men Sat-
urday Night-Meetine Will Be
Public and All Are Invited.

From the Salt Cloud Union Herald:
William E. McEwen, secretary
treasurer Of the State Federation. and
editor Of the Duluth Labor World, will
arrive in the city on Saturday to con-
fer with the Arrangement commit
tee of the convention to be held here
in June. In the evening he will speak
to union men and others who wish to
attend. Mr.. McEwen is brilliant
speaker and one of the best posted
men on the labor movement. It is de-
sired that a large audience be present
and all members Of organized labor
and friends are requested to get the
boys out. See announcement in this
paper. I
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30

hourly earning capacity had increased
in the proportion of 100:116.2. If the
increase had been In the proportion of
19O:112.5 it would signify that the
workmen had earned exactly as much
in eight as they had in nine hours.
AS it was, the days performance even
increased 33 per cent, or one-thirtieth
of the former days work.
Effect Always Favorable.
The experiences at Woolwich arsen-
al, in England, recounted by Able, are
likewise instructive. There, too, it was
shown that the decrease of working
time from nine to eight hours involved
no diminution of accomplishment, al
though the laborers were under the in
huence of the trades unions,> which
sought to obtain work for the unem-
ployed by means of reduced hours.
Into the reasons which lead to this
seeming paradoxical development, Abbe
likewise instituted thorough research.
The fact that in entirely different forms
of occupation and among different peo-
pie, a reduction of working hours ex-
hibits like favorable effect, natural
ly gives rise to the presumption that
it must be due to certain general
causes. The division of labor, suppos-
edly accountable for the tremendous
technical advance. of the last decades
has given almost all Industrial labor
a peculiar stamp In as much as the
uniform daily activity result In d corr
stinuous fatigue, Of the same organs.
Such recurring, uniform fatigue Of the
human body may however, be endured
only If it can be exactly counterbal
anced by the resting time and by nutri-
tion, before next days work. The
least deficit in recuperative strength
must necessarily lead to a gradual de-
struction of the organism.
Factors of Fatigue.
The fatigue Of the workman is caus-
ed by three concurrent factors: %
The amount of daily product; (2) the
rapidity with which he works, where
by it must be taken into account that
an increase of energy is really percept-
ible only with materially accelerated
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
Strikes Are Labor's Last Extern
ity in Seeking to Obtain That
Which in Justice and Equity
Belongs to It.
AS a Manifestation of Labor's
Militant Aspect They May be
Won or Lost, But They Are
Never Failures.
No Rebellion Against Injustice Is
Wholly Fruitless, Even When to
Outward Appearances Defeated,
the Results Are Invariably
Beneficial.

Organized labor is the result Of
minds applied to its construction and
is therefore indestructable while men
think, and as the units Of mind force
develop to a true conception Of its
objects It expands and broadens into
power.
Strikes may be considered as the
manifestation of it's militant aspect. It
matters not whether they are won or
lost, as these terms are usually un-
derstood. They make their impression
upon the epochs in which they occur,
and indellbly mark a period in the
growth Of the labor movement.
Strikes not unfrequently demand
great sacrifice on part of those who
participate in them; but, what human
endeavor ever contributed to the hap
piness and wellbeing Of mankind with
out sacrifice?
Everything in Sacrifice.
In all the great reform movements
Of the world, fate's inevitable decree
made it a condition precedent to sue
cess, that utter ton
should characterize the devotees. This
a spirit of faith and hope, as impelled
them to apply with ceaseless energy
every faculty Of their souls in pro-
noting the cause.
The labor movement is no exception
to the rule. It's devotees must keep
on until the workers wrongs are
righted, and the learned, the church
and the judiciary, shall take the same
position in this, that history accords
them in all great reforms-as obstruc-
tors first. then followers when the
battle is won.
Labor Contributes to Comforts.
What the labor movement has con-
tributed to human happiness fully
compensates for all the sacrifices made
In its behalf. Learned professors, like
Schurman and others, may criticize its
ethics, trust and corporation lawyers
may sneer at 1t, but it will live and
have being to fight for the workers
rights as long as men and women are
underpaid, and while there is one child
in mine, sweatshop or mill that should
be In school.
1t will continue by words, and means,
Of truth and soberness to herald, and
usher in the coming Of that new era
when the cultivation of character, and
endeavor in the interest of mankind,
shall place men upon the pedestal of
fame, and the mere possession of ILL
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
TRADES ASSEMBLY URGES
CHANGE ON PRISON LABOR

A committee from the Trades AS
sembly waited on the members Of the
board of public works last Monday
and urged the abolition Of the use Of
the city prisoners on Superior street.
The board acceeded to the wishes of
organized labor. President Tessman
later introduced resolution requesting
the board to make the change as de-
sired by the Trades Assembly, Alder.
man Moore wanted the prisoners TAX
en- from resident streets before the
closing Of the schools each day.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
STATE RIGHTS ARE TO
Be THROWN TO WINDS
President Roosevelt and Railway
Kings Decide to Tie Can
to State SolOns.
Most Radical and Far-Reaching
Movement in American
Politics Is Opened.

WASHINGTO, D. c.. March 2S.-One
of the most radical and far-reaching
movements in American politics has
been opened up in President Roose-
velts latest addition to his railroad
policy.
State governments-so far as rail-
roads are concerned-are to be wiped
out State courts and legislatures it
Is claimed by the administration, have
no jurisdiction to regulate railroads.
That means that every cat of every
state legislature passed or being pass
ed this winter, or since last June, is
unconstitutional and void. 1t means
that 2-cent fare laws. dcmurrage laws
safety coupler laws and other similar
acts passed by state legislatures are
worth no more than the paper on
which they are written.
Court to Decide.
These matters are all to be hurried
to the supreme court, and before
Christmas it is expected that the con-
troll by states over railroads will be a
thing of the past.
And this refers to within state as
we'll as between state carriers.
done more than anybody suspected It
has wiped out state control over COM
mon carriers.
The constitution gives to congress
power over interstate commerce. Up
to the passage of the rate law the
federal government had not assumed
full power over commerce between the
states. In the passage of that act the
federal .government took full authority
over railroads. Nothing remains for
the states.
Teddy's Opinion.
The president, in his opinion that
states have no control even over with
in state railroads, is backed up by an
opinion by Chief Justice Marshall in
the case of Ogden VS.. Gibbons. In
Wahich that jurist held that steamship
plying between New Fork and Albany
was engaged in interstate commerce.
although it did not go outside Of To-
cal state waters ..z~% a.. 4.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
D Demonstrated to a Certainty That
a Reduction of Working Hours
to Eight Does Not Involve Any
Diminution of Accomplishment
to the Employer.

That very ably edited magazine, the
Review of Reviews, calls attention to
an article in the Berlin nation, from
the pen of Robert Schultze in which
much light is thrown upon the import
ant and much agitated economic ques-
t1on of the proper number of laboring
hours. Following are some of the
leading points:
Two Questions Prominent.
Two questions are generally prom
1nent in discussions as to the ex-
pediency of shorter working hours.
10 what extent can a diminution of
time be equalized by a more intense
activity, and does this greater exertion
involve more rapid waste of human
working power? Usually in judging of
the significance of the various move
ments in question, feeling rather than
experience plays the leading role
Among the few who have exerted them
selves to bring these important prob
lens nearer to satisfactory solution,
Ernst Abee. t.le manager of Carl Zeiss'
optical factory at Jena, who died last
year, deserves foremost mention. Two
oAOA coocS reg 6dIOluS the importance OF
shorter working hours, which he de->
l1vered in that city in 1901, were based
upon the results Of his methodical in
vestigations. Zeiss' optical factory
thanks to Abbe's ocial-political in
sight-was the pioneer establishment
where a diminution was introduced.
In 1891 the working day was reduced
to nine hours, and this was continued
until 1900.
After Year 1900.
That year the management, after
putin 6 the question to- aXote among the
workmen, reduced it still further-to
eight hours. The wages were to con-
tinue the same as for nine hours, as
1t was expected that collectively as
much work would be done in eight as
had been done in nine hours. Before
the expiration of the first year it could
be verified that neither diminution
of performance nor overtaxation of
the laborers not even Of the older ones,
was to be noted In order to facilitate
investigation, 1t was confined to la
borers who were at least twenty one
year before the eight-hour rule was
introduced and had been working in
the factory at least three years-the
total being 233. The facts thus CLEAN
ed are very instructive. The writer
gives tables which indicate that the
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
gotten gains shall be a mari. of moral
obloquy and degradation.
Promotes Human Liberty.

Promotes Human Liberty.
It will continue to use all the in
strumentalities and means that God
and nature have placed within it's
reach, to remove the restrictions placed
upon that liberty promised in the De-
claration Of Independence. And when
the agressions Of capitalistic greed
become so atrocious, that nothing
short of heroic measures will check
them, 1t will not hesitate to "charge
upon the whole works" by ordering a
STRIKE.
when avarice and greed reach the
point where they trample under foot
the laws of God, and the rights Of
man, and wickedly and persistently
refuse to yield to all entreaties-when
they set reason, justice, and the or
ganic principles Of right at defiance,
strike becomes not justifable ne
cessity but a bounden duty.
Strikes Were Forced.
The history Of strikes is replete with
proof that in every instance, they were
provoked by conditions so unjust and
exasperating, that forbearance, would
be crime against the fundamental
instincts Of the human race. A man
owes some duty to his kind and to his
country, and the suppression Of the
evil tendencies of avarice is one of
these duties
Trades unionism stands for peace
In all things. 1t has never yet re-
fused to submit the grievances Of the
Workmen to arbitration. 1t is the lord
ly employer, who thinks he owns the
earth and the fulness thereof, that al
ways asserts In times Of industrial
conflict, that there is nothing to ar
bitrate and stands by that assertion
until the strike which his wrongs pro-
voked brings him to his senses.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30

ates, can steal nearly everything in
the United States!
Boys, his sixty billion dollar mort
gage that hangs over your heads, to-
gether with the railroads, pipe lines,
oil tanks. and all of the great public
utilities, are stolen property. They all
belong to you!
God made this world for men and
not for devils; thieves are not owners
of their swag. Let Hartman steal all
of the railroads; 1t will be easier to
take them from one man than it would
be from twenty.
1t is all tommyrot to talk about pay
ing for any of them. Just do as the
plutes have done: take control of the
government and you have them all.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
RAILROADS WILL NOT
GRANT REDUCED RATES

The call for the big annual conven-
tion of the Minnesota State Federation
Of Labor will be issued next week.
No satisfactory arrangements have yet
been made for railroad rates. All of
the northern roads advise us that no
rates will be made until after the
legislature adjourns. The railroads
seems to be pursuing most obstinate
policy with the public, and it is little
wonder that the people have not long
ago arose in their might and compelled
arbitrary roads to deal fairly with the
travelling public.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
THE STAR ATTRACTION

On Superior street this week is the
display of smart Easter garments
shown in the F'itwell Clothing COM
pany's windows. The dressy qualities
Of their new top coats and suits catch
your eye and the price ticket hold it
for SIS, $40 or $25. The Fitwell show
suits that no merchant tailor can dup
Acate for double the money.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
OLD MASONIC DOCTRINE WAS
FOR THE SHORTER W0RK-DAY
SAGES OF HISTORY
FAVOR THE REFORM

1t is a singular fact that In all
ages a certain percentage of men,
of a more philOsophic turn of
mind than their contemporaries,
could see through the mists that
concealed the future from view,
and point out the correct solution
Of many Industrial and economic
problems, that the conditions of
their own age did not render of
vital consequence. The eight
hour wOrk-day Is one of these.
Masonic tradition prescribes a di-
vision of the twenty-four hours
that anticipated the future so
much, that we are only yet in the
dawn of recognising its wisdom.
What division could possibly be
more beautiful and appropriate
than this:
Eight hours for productive
labor.
Eight hours for recuperatiOn
and sleep.
Eight hours for intellectual and
spiritual development.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM

The initiative and referendum bill
IN the state senate will be called up
for vote next Tuesday. The bill is
being fathered by Senator Fitzpatrick,
and will be supported by large num-
Der of senators.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
FREE LABOR BUREAU

The bill establishing a free labor
bureau In Duluth is now pending be-
fore the appropriation committee in
the house and will in all probability
be recommended for passage.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
REV. JOHN POWELL SPEAKS.

Rev. John Powell addressed a large
meeting of the members of the Car
penters' union last Tuesday evening.
He discussed the labor problem from
the standpoint of preacher, and was
heartily received by the carpenters.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
Eight Hours For Work, Eight
Hours For Refreshment and
Sleep, and Eight Hours For the
Service of God and q Distressed
Worthy Brother.

Authoritative Data Adduce d
Drawn From Actual, Substantial
Experiment, and All of Them
Distinctly Favorable to the
Eight-Hour Limit For a Days
Work.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30
PHILOSOPHY Of STRIKES;
HEROIC BUT BENEFICIAL
ORGANIZED LABOR
FAVORS ARBITRATION

1t IL a fact which must be recOg-
nized by. every man, who has any
familiarity with conditions exist
ing prior to the inauguration of
strikes in the past, that they were
never resorted to, until the work.
ers had exhausted every known
remedy to redress their grievances.
Indeed, it is also a fact that the
workers have no collective Eriev-
ance until the wrongs and oppres-
ions of the capitalistic class be-
came SO outrageous, that submis-
sion would be crime against
every instinct of human nature.
The laborers have Invariably been
a unit for the arbitration Of their
troubles. They have more conff-
dence in their fellowmen than had
the individual whose sympathics
and sense Of right and wrong, IRE
eaten away by avarice and greed.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1907-03-30

Continued on page g.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1907-01-03

An exprcssman who called at a New
York boarding house for two trunks
was asked by the iandlady where they
were going.
Il don't know he said. "You see,
do only half the hauling. will take
the things to our Office and somebody
else will take them the rest OF the way.
The boss ut the desk VIII know the adj.
dress. The moving is done on the In.
stallment plan 70 keep you folks here
from finding out where the other people
went. They were afraid to trust me
with the number for fear you might
worm II out OF me, so they told IL TO no
body but the manager. Lots OF people
who move often make the trip In sec
lions like that. Half the time when I
take a trunk away from a boarding
house I don't know where Il will wind
up. That is generally done where there
has been a row and the folks who leave
don't want to be followed. Been a lit
te trouble here. l Imagine he added
tentatively.
yes" sighed the landlady. "a little"
Evening Wisconsin.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1907-01-03

In m geological gardens at Breslan,
Germany, there is a spider monkey
which was operated on for cataract and
pow wears glasses. For more than a
year after II was received at the ZOO
II was very healthy and lively; then II
became very quiet. ceased to play and
crouched In a corner 1t was examined
and found to he suffering from cata
ract. 40 It was Immediately taken to the
eye hospital and operated on. In less
than a month Il was fitted with a pair
OF spectacles, which It wear with be-
coming gravity.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1907-01-03

Thrrv L. perhaps. no nfbrr trade.
and reg feu ~professions. writes Vim
iiadda~ Ia ihr Trrhnirai World Maya.
aias. That reauirv fhe hixa order q
i~nfviliseslce. The study. tho afslicstIon.
fhe rial hart hradoi cosanson senss. tho
s~urxron's deiicary Of sonrb-for IN
ssnuos. IN nftink - nne auFx-shas ihe
macbinIsi's trade Demands 10 eitc he
esrrlleut work mi the Interchangeable.
~ ~ parts found IN the modern rife
OF sc~ lnx machine. The range ~ his
work Il frum = nccsile 10 a hatficsblp I.
from automatic machinery that 'uouli
tan frrnrh had Il one uasrc mnfrincnl'
% measuring machines guaranteed not
% ssry more than the hfu .tlsousandfh
part of an Inch FROM the absolute This
precision eill perhaps ~ hefscr apprr
ciatcf when II Il remembered that iso
times fhis limit Of variation H. only
equal 10 tho diameter % the average
human hair. standard plug and ring
xauEes. 10 take q specific example. ARE
- accurately dfted 20 each other that
the expansion due to the warmth Of the
hand. n the plug be held In Il for n few
moments. will make n ImEossISss - In.
sert the plug IN tho ring: while. n the
rlns - espsndes IN me same way. the
plug VIII drop clear through H.
When tho ~machlnist has become skil.
fui enough TO fuInii the above require.
ments be may receive from $3.50 per
day up TO whatever he can make him.
self worth and prove It,