davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Kingsbury County independent. (DeSmet, Kingsbury County, S.D.) 1894-1929, 1907-05-24

In the sea of Okhotsk the salmon are
suicidal and one OF the most startling
examples of the spendthrift side Of ma
ture may be found in the rivers that
run into this sea. When six years old
The salmon begin a voyage Of death.
Ascending the river of their infancy
they race i'm countless thousands up
stream until lack of food and lack of
elbow room kill them off. A recent
traveller declares that, however, many
millions Of salmon may run up the
river, not one ever reaches the sea
again alive. What becomes of the
rivers of deal salmon? The seagulls
wheel down upon the scene and feast
upon their eyes, scorning anything less
dainty. Bears, wolves, foxes and sledge
logs are made comfortable for the
year.
Kingsbury County independent. (DeSmet, Kingsbury County, S.D.) 1894-1929, 1907-05-24

To the list of titled ladies who are de-
voting their time and energies TO the
conducting of successful businesses
must now be added the name of Lady
Algernon Gordon-Lennox. who has hit
on the idea of starting a uit-bottling
industry. Lady Gordon-Lennox Is such
a sound organizer hat the success or
this new departure is almost assured.
Her sister, Lady Warwick, 1t may be
remembered, made a splendid success
of her milliner's shop an Bond street,
while one OF Lord Amherst of Hack
ney's daughters has done splendidly as
a gardener. Perhaps the most curious
enterprise yet entered upon by a peer
sss is that OF Ellen, Countess Of Desart,
who has started tobacco growing in
County Kilkenny. In Ireland, too, is
to be found the successful violet farm
run by Lady Aileen Wyndham-Quin.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09

s n 3
Ascertain what varieties are most
successful in your locality, and take
the advice OF those having experience
under your conditions At the same
time try some new ones which have
not yet been tested there.
Keep grass and weeds cleared away
in fall so there will be no shelter for
mice In winter.
The greatest objection to setting APP
pie trees along fences and walls, and
around your fields, is the great liabil-
ity Of their being destroyed by mice
which are thus harbored and work
under the snow banks In winter
A mixture of SCOT, lime and sulphur
made into paste and rubbed on the
tree, will act as preventative of dam
age by mice, rabbits and borers.
An emulsion of kerosene oil will al
least check all Kinds of bark louise
and scale. and is safer to apply before
the buds start.
An ounce of prevention" Is the best
remedy for borers The way to ge,
them out is never to let them gel
In. Dig all loose earth and sod away
from the base Of the tree in early
spring. and then paint the trunk with
something. Cement and skinned
milk, lime whitswash. whale oil soap
all are good.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
ORCHARD MoNEY-sAv1NG HINTS

A tree should have plenty of life
and vigor at the start In order to make
a fair growth the first season.
A good body and a poor head an
swers about the same purpose on a
tree as on a man.
There are more failures in tree
planting from failure of the planter
than from any other cause.
3 My advice to d man conternp plating
the planting Of an orchard IL not to be-
gin unless he is confident that he will
do his part for the next ten years.
Don't select spot that Is good for
nothing else, but arrange to have
something for your trees to live on
after they are planted.
The trees should be young and
thrifty, preferably not over two years
old.
The transplanting should be done
in careful manner, and the soil well
packed around the roots without In
Turing them. -. 3
A mulch around each tree will help
1t the first season A few forkftils Of
old straWy manure will answer.
4 After setting, each shoot should be
cut back to two buds, aid then annu.
ally trimmed, cultivated, fertilized ane
protected from insects.
The prime essentials to successful
tree planting are common sense, in
d,astry, perseverance and faith.
4 Get your trees direct from som,
reliable nursery. You will thus saw,
half the travelling tree agents price
, and will star& far better chance O.
4 getting what YOU order.
A mistake In varieties will be a ser.
4 ious one, because YOU will be a long
time in finding 1t out, and then can.
l. not ran, adv III
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
WORK IN THE FRUIT GARDEN.

Free seeds, pits and nuts for grow
ih6 tree seedlings should be mixed
with soil or sand and left exposed to
freezing.
Leaves, pine boughs, coarse, strawy
manure, and old straw or hay may be
used for mulch, but whatever is used
should be free from weed seeds.
The ounce is one Of the most profit
able market fruits grown, but Is not
generally found in the market, except
Ia large towns or cities.
Give your farm the credit of fur
nishing your house rent. and a thous-
and luxuries which, if you had to pay
money for them, you must do without.
Pruning grapes is now in order If
the pruning are wanted for propaga-
ton, two-eyed cuttings, if long jointed,
are preferred. Tie these in bundles
Of fifty and bury in sand in the cell
lar, or in any we'll drained spot out of
doors.
Do not let. the fruit garden become
jungle of briars and watersprouts.
These should be kept down and prun-
ing attended to in it's season. Burn
all weeds and prunings. Where there
is a vacant space, pillow and prepare
the ground for next springs planting.
In trimming fruit trees, especially of
large limbs, leave a stub of one to
three feet in length, for the first year.
Then, after the wood dies and hardens,
cut off as closely as necessary; thus
there will be less risk of holes and
rotting places in the body of the tree
,. The persinlnon is a hard tree to
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
THE MODEL BACON HOG.

We are sorry to say that there are
still large number of pigs marketed
IN Canada that bring no profit either
ito the farmer. the drover. the packer.
or the store keeper who sells them.
Too many Of our hogs are hastily
finished at 125 to, $50 pounds and are
entirely unsatisfactory. II they are fed
to ITO pounds or a little heavier, they
would be much more useful. a4s
Then we raise too many over-fat
hogs Every year It. Is more difficult
to sell fat bacon. The big, Fat hogs
are drones in the hive. They rob the
prime, well-fed, fleshy sides ana make
no money for the farmer.
1t Is hard to make some Of our
farmers believe this, but experiments
have demonstrated that. the statement
is true.
The model bacon hog must be- first
of the right breeding--say cross OF
improved Yorkshire and Tamworth OF
pure-bred Tamworth.
He must be long1bodied, deep-sided,
with a small head, light shoulders and
good hams. When finished at six
months he should weigh 10 to 1870
pounds.
His form should be such that If a
| strip is stretched along the back and
belly it will show straight lines and
when well split will show about one
and one half inches Of fat all down
the back without any hump on the
shoulder. 1t should be thick in the
belly and the carcass full Of flesh.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
STABLE MANURE ON POTATOES
It Must BE Used with Care or Injury
MAY Follow
&c. a.. Slaon1, Ohi6,)

lE. A. Slaon1, Ohi0.)
tried some experiments list year
on sandy soil that had been run down
by successive groupings of potatoes
and learned some valuable things.
Two plots of land OF equal size and
condition adjoining, were treated by
different methods. No. received a
rather liberal application Of stable
manure ins1S02. and was planted to
the Green Mountain variety OF late
potatoes.
The. season was unusually wet,i
which doubtless liberated an extra
amount Of nitrogen from the manure,
resulting In q great growth of vines
and a corresponding size OF tubers.
which. though few to the hill, were
Of inferior quality when cooked in
any way, being entirely devoid OF fine
flavor or the dry mealiness or first
class potato.
They We're watery and tasteless, and
fully one-half HAD hollow centers.
Two-thirds OF the crop was destroyed
by rot after being dug.
IN plot No. . the same variety was
planted. but no stable manure was
used; instead d good handful OF fer
tilizer was dropped in each hill be-
fore planting and mixed little with
the soil, that seed might not come up
in direct contact.
This fertilizer was composed of
per cent nitrogen. 10 per cent actual
potash and Seer cent available phos-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
GREAT VALUE OF N1TRArEs.

The New Jersey station gives some
interesting results with nitrate OF
soda as a top dressing for forage
crops. Seven experiments were con-
Quoted with nitrate of soda as top
dressing for forage crops, (rye,
wheat, barley. barnyard millet, corn,
oats and peas,) the nitrate being
used in addition to the manures and
fertilizers generally.
In all cases a very marked increase,
due to the application of nitrate oc.
cured, ranging from 34.1 per cent for
corn to 96.6 per cent for barley
profitable return from the use of
nitrate on all crops except the bar
Hey, which, owing to unfavorable
weather conditions, did not make a
| large yield. 81
| The value Of the increased crop
ranges from 1854 to $11.59 per acre
"a profitable increase in every case
as the average cost Of the nitrate
/ did not exceed $500. This profit
/ does not take into consideration the
fact that the average increase for
all crops was over SO per cent, thus
reducing, in this proportion, the
area required for the production ot
a definite amount of food, point oil
vital Importance in the matter OF
growing forage forssoi,sne purposes.
In other words, it is shown that
not only is there profitable gain
but that with these crops the appli-
cation of nitrate of soda made it pos
sible to double the number of cattle
or the number of cows that could be
kept oll a definite area.
In the case of the wheat and the
rye, the application was made when
the plants were we'll started in the
spring. In the case of the spring OF
summer seeded crops the applications
were made after the plants were
well started and root systems well
established and ready for the rapid
absorption of food.
In raising forage crops the best re-
sults-in fact, satisfactory results
can only be obtained when grown
under the intensive system. The sol
must be well prepared and an abund-
ance Of all the elements of plan,
food supplied. Hence, the applica.
ton of nitrate may be greater thar
is usually recommended for grafr
crops under the extensive system.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09

phoric acid. sulphate Of potash was
used as q source Of potash instead of
rriuriate for the reason that 1t gives
the potato 9 distinctive fine flavor and
ittapArts that dryness so desirable, and
we have found much difference in
the yield.
The potatoes Of both plots were
dug the same day. Those of plot No.
2 tar kout-numbefed to the hill those
OF plot No. /. Nearly all were Of
good marketable size and OF the finest
quality when cooked. Not one was
affected by rot, and all came out In
the spring pl,iinp and firm, without
ia hollow center among them. Those
OF plot Ne. / were more or less scab-
by End extremely irregular In shape.
and a total loss as salabls product.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
berries, the profit that may be had
lare sufficient to make their culture

berries, the profit that may be had
are sufficient to make their culture
desirable.
There are some points in favor of
the culture of bush fruits not
possessed by the strawberry. Once a
plantation is established, no resetting
need be done for several years. In
fact, such a plantation, when proper
ly handled, will produce paying crops
for a period of anywhere from ten to
twenty years.
Bush fruits prolong the berry sea-
son throughout the summer and may
be made to add very materially to
the seasons cash receipts.
Acre for acre, bush fruits do not
require near SO much work as straw
berries, hence there is not such a
great difference in. the comparative
profits of the two crops as one might
suppose.
Taking all things into considera-
ton 1t may be seen that fruit growing,
as business occupation, should not
be chosen by those who love ease of
mind and body above hard work.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
PROFITS IN SMALL FRUIT.

Speaking of profits in fruit grow
ing, as money getter, the straw
berry can hardly be beaten. But
i WHILE under the most favorable con-
ditions, it is possible to obtain great
results from Its culture, the straw
berry is subject to drawbacks that
often make large inroads upon pros
pectfVe profits.
The comparatively early blooming
period OF the strawberry subjects it
\ to late spring frosts. which in a night
Amay rob us of the fruits of our la
soors of summer.
Summer droughts too often cut
Sshort the Yield when we see victory
Mlln sight.
Then, too. there are insects and
ii fungi to take a hand in making things
y lively for the strawberry grower.
With the winning card in hand, pI1e-
Nominal results in yields are possible
strawberry culture.
Strhe best showing we have to offer
Y hsafar is yield of 2S5 bushels
9TH, gross receipts OF something over
BSg00 per acre.
We have had crops that gave
4 promise of much greater yields. but
4 hopes were blasted by severe
n ,droughts. With the moisture prob
4 lem solved through irrigation we are
expecting to secure definite, uniform
results in the future.
While there is not so much money
TO be made in the growing Of bush
fruits as in the growing of straw
~ = y
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
WHAT 'DRY FARMING' MEANS.

Opposed to the old idea of raising
stock only and doing nothing which
could not be done on horseback, is
the new idea of thorough cultiva-
ton. 1t has remained for new set
tiers to demonstrate what the new
country IL most valuable for.
1t ia impossible to raise the best
crops any place unless the ground is
cared for and seeded in proper
manner. In the past the method of
|tilling the soil was such that no rea-
sonable person would expect q sue
cessful crop.
For instance, until recently, 1t has
been the comon practice of farmers,
when harvesting wheat, oats and
other small grains, to let the stubble
lay as the binder passed over 1t until
time to plow for fal! wheat.
In such cases the result is that
IL we have any dry weather at all
the land cakes, and when plowed in
the fall breaks up in large chunks,
permitting the air to penetrate to the
bottom of the plowed ground and
thoroughly dry it out unless the
ploWing Is followed with rain; but
the proper thing to do in such, cases
lis to follow the binder with disc
harrow and thereby mulch the land
about two inches deep.
After each rain this mulched
ground should be narrowed. This of
course requires more work. but the
result is that when the ground is
plowed in the fall it will break up
nice and mellow, whether there has
been much rain or not, since the
binder harvesting former crop
passed over it.
Another result is that the ground
is in such good condition to receive
the seed for the next crop that
scarcely more than one-haif of the
seed sown under the old method neeu
be soWn under the Campbell system
|of soil culture, since the ground
being mellow and moist every grain
has an opportunity to sprout and
reproduce itself.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
FARM VALUES ARE GROWING

The farmers Of America are en-
joying their full share Of the general
prosperity of the country. The re-
port of the government recently made
public, announces that the value Of
farms increased 3S per cent in five
years from 1900 to 1906. This in
crease extends to every state in the
union in greater or less degree.
Oklahoma shows the largest increase,
|43 per cent, but even New England,
which does not lay claim to be much
|of farming country shows gain
of 18 per cent
This great increase in our farm
wealth is. of course, due to the re-
markable advance in the value of
farm products, which is estimated to
be about 40 per cent. Increased earn
fngs have come with better knowl-
edge of conditions and better methods
of farming, and as these methods are
constantly improving, our continued
prosperity seems assured
Farmers are becoming every year
more strongly entrenched in their
business. They keep their money al
home to buy more land, develop that
which they already have, and add to
the comforts OF life. Never in the
history of the country has agriculture
rested upon foundation so sane and
sound, and enduring, as now.
This great prosperity on the farms
means good times for the whole
country, for upon the farm every
other industry rests 1t is the solid
prop which supports the whole struc-
ture. Good crops with fair prices
mean prosperity to the nation. while
bad crops mean business depression
and hard times. The intelligent eff
forts of the government to improve
agricultural conditions and to teach
farmers how to produce larger crops
and better crops, and how to mar
ket them to the best advantage and
how to develop new lines of endeavor,
should be recognized as wise and
comniendable by the people every
where
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09

" e Z a Z I q I b
successfully transplant; but if the
seeds be planted along lane fences, it
will grow and be a source of profit.
than singly. Try planting handful
~ seeds Of fine fruit next fall. The
s1it will keep long time, if properly
He'd and cared for.
iYellows in peaches Is regarded as
bntagious and incurable; trees af-
kcted with it should be destroyed at
Me earliest sign of it, by burning
trunk, branches, roots and fruit, on
The site. Dragging diseased tops and
branches through an orchard will in
sect healthy trees. Late summer and
fall are the most favorable times for
Ahe detection of the disease. Any nur-
&seryman can tell you the symptoms. b
There are many advantages in fall
planting OF tree, shrub or vine.
Among them Is the greater time to be
devoted to thorough preparation of
the ground, copler weather to work In
and to handle the stock. and the late
rains to settle the soil about the roots
Properly.
The fall planted stock will often be
Esilalf year ahead of that deferred to
spring as there is no waiting for the
ground to be prepared. or for the re-
covery Of the plant from the shock of
removal.
The thorough preparation of the
soil by blowing and narrowing is inn
portant, and should be done, even
though the planting be deferred until
spring, as the action Of frost will
pulverize the soil and early rains will
settle fl into proper condition for an
early start OF growth next season.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09

TENDER IA of our neighbors at s4.5C
per hundred-weight. They had the
run of a pasture and were shut in a
yard at night and gradually put on
feed of sliced corn, which was put
in the troughs
"They were shut in a yard November
10 and changed to shelled corn.
simply began with small amount OF
feed and increased it each day until
they were on full feed.
For roughage they had corn
slower and timothy hay. A little oil
meal was fed. An open shed was
used for shelter. The yard got lit
tie muddy, but the shed and around
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09

Some Of our farmers have bred to
this model and are now turning out
hogs that look as though they had been
cast in mould. These are the mon
who are making the most money.
1t is these prime. quality, sixeable
hogs that have given Canadian bacon
It's good name and helped to sell the
undesirable Kind.
What the bacon trade Iii England
and America wants Is quality. That
means style. symmetry, weight and tex
|ture of meat, and all the experiments
in feeding, whether by Individual
farmers or at the government farms,
are worse than useless unless this Is
not only included but made the prori1i-
nent feature.-G. c. Creelman, Farm
Ier's Institute, Ontario.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09

The crop of plot No. Q had no ap
pearance Of scab, were regular i.
shape. and were pronounced by ou,
leading grocer "as fine as silk,
] infer from the above trials tina
In the case of plot NO. / the stable
manure acted upon by frequens
rains, furnished an excess Of nitrogen
not balanced by enough potash Of
phosphoric acid.
/ When the fact is considered tia
zoo bushels of potatoes (vines ant
tubsrs) extract from the soil seventy
four pounds Of potash. forty-si,
pounds OF nitrogen and twenty-ons
pounds Of phosphortc mold. the condi.
ton Of land which has undergon.
such an tnhpoverishing process fol
several years ID not hard to imagine
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
SEND FOR THIS BULLETIN.

The agricultural department has
just issued a very important treatise
on Modern Conveniences for the Farm
Home. 1t treats of water supply,
plumbing, the disposal of sewage and
also shows the farmer how to make
the best use of the hydraulic ram,
the windmill and the small engine.
1t contains many valuable suggestions
grounds, the location Of buildings and
the re-modeling of homes already
built The title of this treatise Ii
Farmers Bulletin No. 270." and may
be had by any farmer who will adj
dress letter to the agricultural de-
pertinent at Washington.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
COPYRIGHTED ASSOCIATED FARM PRESS
THINKING OF AN oRcHARDe


Numerous apple orchards are
planted from which no adequate re-
turns are made for the amount of
work performed. Oftentimes the
trees are purchased from some peri
patetic and irresponsible tree peddler.
The trees are planted according to the
best methods, but failure to pro-
tect them against rabbits or other
vermin causes the destruction of
probably a fourth of the number the
first winter after they are planted. :
The following summer the land
may be planted in some crop requiring
clean cultivation, as potatoes, tobacco,
cabbage or tomatoes, and in the plow-
ing of these crops 1t often happens
that more pains are taken to protect
a cabbage or tobacco plant than a
fruit tree
The result is that many are skinned
by the singletree or trace chains and
irretrievab!y damaged. If such a tree
should survive, it will never prove
healthy or prolific in the yield of
apples.
After the trees are large enough to
be in full bearing, no efforts are made
to protect them by spraying against
the numerous insect enemies. The
bark of the tree cracks, and these
cracks soon encircle the tree and the
tree dies. An orchard, to be profitable
requires the greatest of care.
The land must be fortified from
time to time. Weeds, brushes and
briars must be kept down. The trees
must be watched carefully, and any
appearance Of disease must be arrested
by proper remedies. Unless the or.
chard receives careful attention, it viii
prove waste of time and cumberei
lof the land. a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09
Fra. 7.4-Device tor seed testing.
DEVICE FOR TESTING SEEDS.

DEVICE FOR TESTING SEEDS.
Take few seeds Of the sort to be
tested and place them between blotters
or canton-fiannel moistened. Place the
blotter on q plate and cover 1t With
another. Keep the seeds in warm
place and see that the blotter or tian-
mel IL kept moist but not too wet,
otherwise, the seed may rot. Observe
the condition of the seed every "a
hours and when all the vital seeds
have terminated the percentage OF
those which have grown can easily be
determined.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-03-09

the hangers were bedded with straw
and whole cornstalks. The water
was in tank covered to keep it from
freezing.
THE cattle would have done bet
ter If we had clover, hay, which 1
would feed in place Of timothy.
These cattle were fed los days and
made a good profit for the feed con-
lsumed - Charles Harsh. Miles. Iowa.