davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
LOFTS SHOOTS BROTHER
Chicago Jeweler Opens Fire When Rel
alive Threatens to Dust Him
from Firm.

CHICAGO. ILL.,, July 20.-Joseph F.
LOFTS, member of the firm of Lofts
Brothers, which is prominent in the
jewelry business in this city, today shot
and seriously wounded his brother 5. L.
A. Lofts.
The shooting took place in the private
office of the firm at 90 State street.
The shooting is said to have been the
outcome of quarrel over money mat
tiers. S. Z. A. LOFTS, who was the presi-
dent of the firm, declared today to his
brother that his habits were not salts
factory, and announced his intention of
dropping him from the firm.
Joseph Lofts was arrested.
Clifford Lofts, a third brother, de-
clared that Joseph was right in what he
had done, because S. T. A. Lofts was
trying to force him out of the firm.
tbs, "and now he is trying the same thing
with joe"
S. I. A. Lofts said, 81 was disciplin-
ing my brother, whose conduct, in my
opinion, had not of late been as a credit
to the firm when he commenced to shoot
at me. My wife ran in and pushed I'm
to the floor. There was no quarrel"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
RUSH COAL FOR WINTER
RAILROADS ASK FOR REDUCTION
IN FREIGHT RATES.
Commerce Board Acts and Heavy Move
ment in Summer Will Prevent
Another Famine.

NEW YORK, July 2O.-To stimulate
the purchase and shipment of coal during
the summer months, when the greatest
number of cars for this purpose are
available, the interstate commerce com
mission at the request of the Union Pa
cifc railroad and the Oregon Short line
has especially authorized a reduction of
% cents a ton on coal shipped to Wash
ington, Idaho and Nevada between July
10 and September /.
For the last two months officials OF
the Hartman lines have been endeavor-
ing to induce western coal dealers to
make their shipments this summer in or
der to avoid a recurrence of last winters
fuel scarcity. The difficulty then i'll sup
plying coal to the western states grew
partly out of shortage of equipment and
partly from the fact that orders were
delayed until weather conditions made
freight movement slow and difficult.
The Union Pacific therefore took the
unusual step of applying to the interstate
commerce commission to be allowed to
make reduction in its rate in order to
get the cooperation of dealers in ship
ping fuel now when the lines are in good
shape to handle it promptly.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
SHE STAYS HER LOVER.
Woman Found Him Sitting with Girl
She Feared as a Rival-ScandaI
at Los Angeles.

LOS ANGELES, Cal, July 3D.
George T. Bennett, proprietor of the
Bennett Electrical company, was shot
and killed last night by Estelle Corwell.
a young woman with whom he had lived
for the past five years.
Bennett was killed as he sat on the
porch of the home of Miss Marguerite
Bennett. who although of the same
name, was no relation.
According to Miss Corwell, Bennett
has of late been frequent caller at
the home of Miss Bennett, and she be-
came convinced that he was about to
desert her. Last night she drove to
Miss Benefits home in a cab, and killed
Bennett. She then drove to the police
station. where she surrendeder herself.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
w. E. COREY PRESIDING.
Meets with Presidents of Subsidiary
Companies of United States Steel
Corporation.

NEW YORK, July 22.-There was
meeting today of the presidents of the
subsidiary companies of the United
States Steel corporation, at which Presi-
dent William Z. Corey, who returned
from Europe Saturday, will preside.
1t was said by prominent director of
the steel corporation that there is abso-
lutely no significance in this meeting or
in the fact that it is to be held coincident
with the return of Mr.. Corey from
Europe.
The usual routine matters affecting the
practical work of the corporation were
taken up, and among them the labor
troubles on the Vermillion and Nesaba
ranges, where a strike is said to be hay
ing a bad effect on the iron industry of
the entire upper Lake Superior region
HIBBING, Mimi, July 22.-The West
ern Federation of Miners has ordered out
on a strike all of the miners employed
by the United States Steel company here.
The miners are nearly all Austrians or
Italians and many are leaving for Eu-
rope. There has been no violence
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
LAST DAY IN ASSEMBLY.

On the 18th Gov. James o. Davidson
signed the 2-cent fare bill. The act goes
into effect on August Is and will apply
TO all roads showing a gross earning OF
Wisconsin Central road will fight the law
in the courts and if so will probably block
he meantime the rate fixed by the commits
sion of 2la cents a mile will be in effect,
but the 5OOmile family books for $40 and
tiers will undoubtedly be discontinued, so
that the rate of fare paid by the average
traveller may be in excess of that enjoyed
On the 10Th both houses of the Legisla-
ture adjourned sine die after being in SEES
sion 189 days, the longest session in the
states history. The last veto message
sent in by Gov. Davidson disapproyed Of
the inheritance tax. He says the bill is
defective and would entail large expense.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
GOLDEN STATE LIMITED WRECKED
Chicago & Rock Island Train Ditched
Near Ell PaSo Tex

Ell PASO, Tex, July 22.--While run
ming thirty miles an hour, the Chicago q
Rock Island Golden State" limited,
bound to Chicago was wrecked Sunday
at Rasturn, N. NJ, 225 miles north OF
here. The passengers were badly shak-
en- up, but the only persons seriously
hurt were two negro porters.
MARSHALLTOWN, Ia, July %
The Chicago limited on the Northwest
ern railway ran into the rear Of meat
train, two and half miles west of Belle
PLANE, ia, today, killing T. j. Jeffrles.
an Idaho stock man, injuring two others
probably fatally, and seriously inJurlnIg
two trainmen. The passengers on the
limited were badly shaken up, but none
seriously hurt. Automatic signals We're
in use, but it is said that Engineer t'ul-
ler failed to note them.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
LATEST MARKET REPORTS
MILWAUKEE,, JULY %.
EGG AND DAIRY MARKETS

E-EGGs-Market is firm.
The produce boards official market for
strictly fresh LAID; cases cases., returned fr l4c;
seconds. 1O011c; checks, S@9c.
BUTTER-Firm; Elgin price on extra
creamery is 25c. Local price, extra cream
onds, 2od21c; process, 2o@2o55Ec; dairy,
packing stock, 16Q1612c.
CHEEsE-Steady An Ame erica full full cream
leans, 131aGD14c; daisies, 131a@14c; longhorns
131a@14c; Iimburger, 121z@13c; fancy brick,
12A@12Ac;- low grades. 9911e; import
ne FoS 1fe' Do Sapg LaG W Wis July 22-Fortv
one twins sold at 1850; 119 do, 13Ac; 645
u1 HIGHLASD, Wis, July 22-on the dairy
board here today 413 twins were offered
and sold at 13c
ELGIN, m, July, 23,;-,5special; l-!Butter
Yesterday The output for the district dur
Ing the week was 1.0O4, 200 pounds.
CHICAGO III July ra 2sH 1eIatg
lt CHICAGO, ILL.,. July "a heese-steedy:
daisies, 13Ac; twins, 12@12Ac; YouA-
AR HRC 1laf; i. Y. July 1s.-Cneese-sales,
400 boxes colored flats. 12a4c 100 do, 12l5c;;
ia boxes large colored 12Ac; 81 do 125sc
400 tubs Of butter sold at 55c and $ s95j
NEW YORK, July % -B B. tier
prices unclaimed; receipts 21926 49, c4ses2
Irregular; receipts, 1882; state, Penn.
sylvania and nearby fancy selected, 245
25c; same, choice, 21@23c; same, brown
mixed fancy 22g25ci nrsfs f to extra; of 6rsts
same average, best, 17A@lSc; Official price
tirsts, 1S01SRcl
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
CUBA'S JOAN OF ARC
DIES AT AGE OF 70,
Sonora Queseda, Who Fought for Her
Country in Spanish War,
Passes Away.

HAVANA, July 2O.-Senora Juana
Quesada, the Cuban Joan of Arc, is dead,
at the age of 20 years.
Sonora Quesada was the best known
woman in the island She came of q
the comforts and luxury which circum-
stances gave Aer, she chose to aid her
countrymen in the field in the ten years
war against Spain.
Sonora Quesada was only one Of many
Amazons who welded machette in the
struggle, but her bravery and the stand
ing of her family made her the best
known.
She served throughout that long hard
campaign under the command of Gen
Maxine Gomez. Again in the revolu-
ton against Spain, that began in 1895
and ended in 1898. with the overthrow
of the Spanish rule, Sonora Quesada,
though then in advanced age, took part
in the uprising for Cuba libre."
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
HAU HURTS DEFENSE,
States in Court That He Does Not Sus-
pect Wieland Killed Frau
Molitor

KARLSRUHE, July 22.-At the
morning session of the trial of Karl Hau.
who is charged with the murder of his
mother-in-law, Frau Molitor, in Baden
Baden, last November, Wieland, the man
who was ia the employ of the Molitor
household as a servant at the time of the
tragedy was examined.
Wieland came from Kiel, upon seeing
newspaper reports that the defense was
throwing suspicion upon him.
Hau stated before Wieland's testimony
was taken, that he attached no impor-
lance to it as he had never suspected
him.
Wieland told a straightforward story
Of his movements during the critical
quarter Oh an hour and named the sew
eral places where he had discharged err
rands.
The case is being dragged out by the
serving of subpeenas for new witnesses.
The pleadings win begin tonight, but the
verdict probably will not be rendered De
fore tomorrow.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
CLEVELAND STILL ILL.
from Attack of Indigestion Sus-
tanned Three Weeks Ago.

PRINCETON, n. J., July 2O.-Form.7
President Cleveland, who had an ATTACK
of acute indigestion a few weeks ago.
has not recovered from it as soon as ex-
pected. It is hoped now that he will be
able to go to his summer home in New
Hampshire by August 1.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
MILWAUKEE, sTocKYARDs REPORT

HOGS-Market sc higher; mixed and
butchers, 6.O006.2O; good heavy, 5900G1o;
rough heavy, 525@5.60; light, 6O0@63O;
bulk 5.9006 15
CATTLE-Market is steady; butchers
steers, good to choice, 4.2505.25; medium,
to good, 3 1904. IS; heifers, medium to good,
3.O00400; common to fair 2.25Q2.75; cows,
good to choice, 275@3.50; fair to good,
1852 %; bulls good to choice, 3.250375:
bologna bulls, common to fair. 2.50@300;
feeders, 3O0@3.75; stockers, 2.5O@3.OO; milk
ers and springers, common unstable except
for Gamers, good to choice at 35,00045,0O
CALVES-Market steady; common to fair,
3.75Gp5. 90: fair to good, 5.00@625; choice to
prime, 6.25@D7.O0
SHEEP-Market steady; common to choice
3O003.50; lambs, common to choice, 4,50Q
$50; spring lambs, common to light, 5.OOQ
600; choice, 6.O0@6.75; bucks, 3OOQ4.OO.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
jim HARGIS ACQUITTED.
Breathitt County Cases Close When
State Is Unable to Produce Wit
nesses Against Prisoner.

SANDYHOOK, KY. July 2O.-Judge
Moody today instructed the jury in the
case of James Hargis, on trial for com
plicity in the assassination of DR.. l.. b.
Cox, to acquit the prisoner. This is the
last case against Hargis for alleged COM
plicity in the Breathitt county crimes
and Hargis walked out of the courtroom a
free man. The judges instructions fol-
lowed the withdrawal from the case of
Attorneys Byrd and Jouett for the prose-
cution, the lawyers stating that the
state was unable to produce its wit
neSSeS.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
TUG" WILSON KILLED.
Famous Quarterback at Oberlin College
Is Crushed to Death Under an
Electric Car

OBERLIN, O., July 23.-Allen Will
son, % years of age, widely known as
Tug" in football circles, was crushed
to death under an electric car here today.
He was famous as a quarterback. Viii
son played for two years on the Oberlin
college team.
He had been a student at Williams
college for year, and would have been
eligible to the team there this fall.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
MILWAUKEE, HAY MARKET.

Choice timothy hay, 1900; No. / tim
othy nay, 15.OO@15.50; No. 2 timothy nay
140O114. 30; clover and mixed 13.50Q1400
choice Kansas and Nebraska prairie, n.5
@13.00; No. 1 prairie, 11.0O012:O0 No.
prairie, HOO; Wisconsin marsh feeding
0.50Q1000; packing hay, S.000S.5O; ".
straw, S.50@9.50; oats straw, 7.500S.OO.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
LARGE BUILDING FALLS.
mobile Garage, Collapses, Burying
Many People

NEW YORK, July 23.-A building on
Broadway and Fifty-eighth street, oc-
cupied as an automobile garage, collapsed
this afternoon. Several people are buried
IN the ruins.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
ANNAGOULDNO MOTTO WED
Denies Reported Engagement and Says
She Is Not Likely to Marry
Again

PARIS, July 2O.-Madame Anna
Gould denies reports that she was en-
Il am not engaged or likely to be-
she said. The story is entirely untrue
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26
YACHT STILL MISSING.
No Signs of the Vanderbilt Sloop, but
Capt. Crowley Says He's Not
Alarmed.

NORFOLK. Va. July 23.-Capt l.
w Crowley of Harold s. Vanderbilt's
sloop yacht. Trivia. which sailed from
New London. Conn, July 10th with her
owner aboard for the jamestown exposi-
ton. said today that he has telegraphed
several points on the route which the
Trivia was to have taken through the
Raritan and Chesapeake canals. bur thus
far has failed to reach any one WHO has
seen or heard of the Trivia.
Capt. Crowley says he feels no anxiety
for the Trivia or Mr.. Vanderbilt and he
expects the boat to show up shortly.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26

Consul Gen. Richard Guenther of
Frankfort advises that the Dutch gov
eminent projects the drying up of the
Zuider lake by building a dam twenty
five miles in length, which is to shut
out the influx of water from the German
ocean. 1t is estimated that the work
will cost ST.. 100000 and that it will re-
Quire b years to finish the undertaking.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-07-26

Mr.. Smith with dozens of other far
mers in the neighborhood rushed to their
assistance. Many of the farmers
brought bedding and bandages for the
injured and as the hours wore on sent to
their homes for food for the suffering
people. The scene about the wreck as
the wreckers delved among the shat
tered cars were pitiful Men. women
and children, weeping and moaning wan
dered about searching for missing
friends and relatives.
In addition to the 75 to 100 people
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1907-12-20
NO ENDORSE MENT
FOR HUGHES
New York Republican Com
mittee Declines TO Advocate
Governors Candidacy for
Presidential Nomination.
tBy Morning journal Special Leased wlre.I

tBy Morning journal Special Leased wlre.l
New York, Dec 19.-By an almost
unanimous vote the republican conI-
mittee Of New York county refused TO
adopt resolution endorsing Governor
Hughes for the republican presiden-
tial nomination. When the resolution
was offered a motion was introduced
providing for the resolution to go oVc~
for consideration at the next meeting
in January. This motion was adopted
with a shout that could be heard far
out in the street Immediately a mo.
ton To adjourn was also carried. The
action of the committee in pOstpOn-
ing the matter was regarded as a
foregone conclusion when the dele
gates assembled
Before the meeting was called to
order several members of the COM
mittee were busy in the distribution of
buttons proclaiming Speaker Cannon
as the next presidential nominee. In
discussions following the adjournment
of the New York county meeting to-
night some of the most ardent sup
porters of Governor Hughes declared
that the action of the committee in
deferring his endorsement could nOL
be construed as inimical to Mr.
Hughes candidacy. on the contrary
it was said that there was a genera
disposition on the part of members to
sound the sentiment OF the voters at
large before the committee committed
itself These men declared that the
resolution will be unanimously passed
at the January meeting.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1907-12-20
DRAMATIC SCENE IN
TALLMAOGE TRIAL
Defendants Attorney De-
nounceS Prosecution As
Farce Protest Against Bad
gering of Witnesses,

fBy Morning Journal Special Leased Nire.I
Roswell. y. N, Dee. 19.-There
was an extremely dramatic scene in
the federal court today in the trial Of
the Tallmadge brothers for alleged
conspiracy To defraud the govern
ment out of public land when w ".
GateNood. attorney for the defense, IN
open court denounced the whole pros
ecution as farce and objected 80
what he termed the badgering Of Wit
nesses that were summoned In behalf
OF the government by the governnlent
attorneys.
The prosecution announced tonight
that they would close their case to-
morrow with the exception of witness
j. r. Stumwalt, who Is I'D.
The defense contended that the
government has failed To present any
discriminating testimony against tha
defendants. al the opening Of court
tomorrow morning. will file a motion
with Judge William n. Pope to IN
struct the jury 10 bring In a verdi z
of mot guilty
Witnesses = NJ Monzingo and J..
NJ. Naylor. Of Loyeland. Colo. who
were witnesses for the government
and whom Attorney Gatewood
brought suit against last night for
500. 600 each for G.. l.. Tallmadge, al
leeing SANDER, have been served with
subpocnas by Deputy United states
Marshal Forbes 10 hold them here to
be witnesses for the defense,
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1907-12-20
INDICTMENT AGAINST
SAN FRANCISCO BANKERS

san Francisco. Dee. 1e.--Indict-
ments charging j. Dalzell Brown. gen
eral manager of the insovent Califor-
mia Safe Deposit and Trust company,
and Walter j Bartlett. a director in
the institution and a former president
Of the Western Pacific railroad, with
two counts of embezzlcment, were re-
turned by the grand jury late this
afternoon. The first count charges
Brown as agent and trustee, with em-
bezzling securities OF the estate OF
Ellen NJ Cotton, valued at 100000,
which had been deposited with the
trust company by Barnett, and the
second count charges him with em-
bezzlement as bailee for the securit~
les Barnett Is charged with the om-
bezzlement as special administrators or
the estate and AS hailee.
Presiding Judge Coffey fixed the
bail at $500 600 bond. ur Slg0. 0O0 cash
on each Indictment.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1907-12-20
EXPLOSION ALMOST
WRECKS TOWN
Military Magazine Blows Up
in Palermo, Italy, Killing
twenty-five; Many Manned,


Palermo. Italy. Dec IA terrific
explosion occurred this evening in tho
military powder magazine where a
large quantity Of dynamite WAS stored
and was followed by number Of
lesser explosions. the whole town be-
ing badly shaken and the people
thrown into n panic. Almost immedi-
ately flames shot high iu the afr nnd
spread 20 the ruins of houses that had
fallen. adding greatly o. the terror or
those who were in the immediate
vicinity Of the disaster.
II is estimated that about twenty
five persons were killed and q hum
dred others injured. Wild rumors fol-
lowed fast on the eXposiOin. placlng
the number Of killed and wounded
into the thousands and troops were
ordered out 10 aid the nremen IN
clearing away the wreck and succpr-
ing the wounded.
Several houses that stood above the
magazine partially collapsed and
destruction was completed by the firc
one OF thasa was an emigrnntf' ludE-
ing house and a number of emigranl-
were killed.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1907-12-20
RIO NIMBRES COMPANY
TO EXHIBIT At CONGitfZsS

The Rio Mimbres Irrigation com
panv which owns over lOo,ouo acres
~ excellent land in southern New
Mexico. available for agricultural ana
fruit growing purposes. Is to Apply lot
space FOR an exhibit at the national
irrigation congress TO be held here
nevf october. according TO F. h.
Bickford. general manager OF that
firm. Mr. Bichferd passed through
the CITY last night en- route home
from a business trim to Chicago. New
York CITY and elsewhere.
.Our property IS suitable for iarm-
ing. fruit growing and melon grow
ing and to secure a truly eNcellehi
exhibit for the irrigation congress we
have planned to use 200 acres. ana
our exhibit win show the many sorts
Of stuff that can be raised from New
Mexico soil by the aid % irrigation
said Mr Bickford.
The Rio Mimbres Irrigation COM
many owns a large number of flneit
huilf IRRIGATION ditches and reservoirs
which were planned and carried ou'
al great expense. While many "tfei
Irritation companies stopped wo.
when the money market became tight
this firm kept right along. and ac-
cording To Mr Bickford 70 plans 90
have am OF its bitches and reservoirs
completed by planting time ihis
spring.
while in New York City Mr.. Bick'
ford did a lot OF boosting for Ne"
Mexico. and he succeeded IN inducint
q number of business men and Ia N
ers to come to the Land of Sunshi1'
and invest in territorial land
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1907-12-20
TAMMANY MEN
TURN DOWN
HUGHES
GOVERNORS REMOVAL
ORDER NULLlFIED
DepoSed Borough President of
Manhattan Reelected On
First Ballot By New York Az
dernen By Bic Majority

by Morning journal Special Leased Ntre.l
New York Dec. l9.-John D..
Ahern democrat, who ten DAYS ago
was removed from the office Of presi-
dent Of the borough Of Manhattan by
Governor Hughes, today was elected
by the board of aldermen 20 succeed
himself He received "a votes
against ~ for Max +. Grifenhagen.
republican, Ahern's supporters In
cluded all the democratic members of
the board in this borough. and in ad-
dition he received the three repuhli-
can and four municipal ownership
league members.
The galleries Of the aldermanic
chamber were crowded with specta-
tors and the result of the balloting
and the administration of the oath OF
office to Ahern. which followed were
greeted with tremendous cheers.
Ahern's removal By the governor
followed an investigation into the af-
fairs Of office which was made at his
own request after charges had been
preferred by two officers of the City
club. Governor Hughes, on passing
on the evidence brought out at the
hearing. held that the charges had
been sustained. but in his communica-
tlon directing the removal OF the bor-
ough president from office. he said
that nothing had been disclosed
which in any way tended TO impeach
Ahern's personal honesty
In calling the meeting to order
Mayor Mcclellan read his message, In
which he ruled that the election OF
Ahern To succeed himself would be
out of order as a nullfcation OF the
governors removal He said. how
ever. that I'm view of the seriousness
Of the case he would permit an ap-
peal to be taken from his ruling. II
was taken, and the ruling was voted
down. 2 to g. Ahern was then regu-
larly nominated and elected only
one ballot was required to settle the
issue
John f. Ahern has been a popular
Tammany district leader for many
wears
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1907-12-20
NEVADA BANK LOOTED
BY PRESIDENT; CHARGED

Saarchlight New. Dec. 19.-A a
meeting Of the depositors OF the
search hight Bank and Trust company.
held last night. a committee reported
that securities owned by the bank
have been hypotheCatcd to McCor-
mick and comuany ~ salt Lake. for
the sum of S1so. .0ua and it Is alleged
that tire money was used BY President
Homer Tabor In private enterprises.
10 b. also asserted that the institu-
tiou has hfcn gluttcd Of its negotia-
bic notes and securities. the same
having been hyputhccated and the
funds used IN the private enterprises
Of Tabor aud his associates. The COM
miftce states that criminal proceed
one Involved In these transactions. a.