The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1907-06-21

Its administration were defective and
needed to be changed. Three years ago
public lands commission was appoint
ed to scrutinize the law and the facts
and to recommend a remedy. Their ex-
animation specifically showed the eX-
istence Of great frauds upon the public
domain, and their recommendations for
changes in the law were made with the
design OF conserving the natural re-
sources OF every part OF the public land
by putting II TO its best use. Attention
was especially called TO the prevention of
settlement by the passage OF great areas
of public lands into the hands of a few
men, and 10 the enormous waste caused
by unrestricted grazing on the open
range; a system OF using the natural
forage on the public domain which
amounts to putting a premium on it's
destruction. The recommendations OF the
public lands commission were sound for
they were especially in the interest of
the actual home maker; and where the
small home maker could not utilize the
land, IL was provided that the govern
ment should keep control of II so that
IL could not be monopolized by a few
wealthy men. Congress has not yet
acted upon these recommendations ex-
cept for the repeal of the iniquitous
lieu-land law. But the recommendations
are so just and proper. so essential to our
national welfare, that believe they will
surely ultimately be adopted.
In 1891 congress authorized the presi-
dent to create national forests in the
public domain. These forests reserves re-
NAMED for a long tine in charge OF
the general land office. which had no
men properly trained in forestry. But
another department, that of agriculture.
possessed the trained men. In other
words. the government forests were with
out foresters and the government for
esters without forests. Waste OF effort
and waste of forests inevitably followed.
Finally the situation was ended in 1905
by the creation of the United States
forest service, which has stopped the
waste, conserved the resources of the
national forests. and made them useful;
so that our forests are now being man.
aged on a coherent plan. and in a way
that augurs we'll for the future.
The mineral fuels of the eastern United
States have already passed into the
hands OF large private owners, and those
OF the west are rapidly following. This
should not be. for such mineral resources
belong In a peculiar degree TO the whole
people. Under private control there is
much waste from the shortsighted
methods of working, and the complete
utilization is often sacrificed for greater
immediate profit The mineral fuels un>
der our present conditions are as essen>
tial TO our prosperity as the forests will
always De- lie ulIltItDte ID lildl lile
supply is definitely limited, for coal does
not grow and trees do. 1t is obvious
that the mineral fuels should be con-
served, not wasted. and that enough OF
them should remain in the hands OF
the government to protect the people
against unjust or extortionate prices so
far as that can still be done. What has
been accomplished in the regulation OF
the great oil fields Of the Indian terri
tory offers a striking example OF the
good results of such a policy. Last
summer. accordingly, I withdrew most
Of the coal-bearing public lands temper
arily from disposal and asked for the
legislation necessary to protect the pub
lie interest by the conservation OF the
mineral fuels that is for the power to
keep the fee in the government and to
lease the coal, oil, and gas rights under
proper regulation. No such legislation
was passed, but 1 still hope that we shall
ultimately get II.
Preserve Mineral Resources.
In addition to treating Alright for the
benefit of the whole people the forests
and the mineral beds, should SINH
larly try to preserve for the benefit OF all
the people the great stretches OF pub
lie domain, some three hundred million
acres in all, which are unfit for cultva-
ton by present methods and valuable
only for the forage which they supply
This vast area is now open to the free
grazing of cattle, sheep, horses and
goats, without restriction or regulation
When population has increased. as is
now the case, such utter lack of man
agement means that the public domain Is
turned over to be skinned by men whose
only concern Is to get what they can
out of IL at the moment, without any
regard to whether or not II is ruined so
far as the next generation is concerned
In other words. the range is not so much
used as wasted by abuse; and as an
incident conflict and bloodshed FREE
quently arise between opposing users
With the rapid settling OF the west the
range is more and more overgrazed
Moreover much of IL can not be used
to advantage unless a is fenced. for
fencing is the only way by which to keep
in check the absentee owners OF nomao
flocks which roam hither and thither
utterly destroying the pasturage and
leaving a waste behind. so that their
presence is compatible with the presence
OF home makers.
Prevention Of Frauds.
For several years we have been do
ing everything I'm our power to prevent
fraud upon the public land. What can
be done under the present laws is now
being done through the joint action Of
the interior department and the depart
ment OF justice. But fully to accomplish
the prevention OF fraud there is need of
further legislation and especially OF a
sufficient appropriation to permit the de-
partment OF the interior to examine GER
tain classes Of entries on the ground
before they pass into private owner
ship. The appropriation asked for last
winter, II granted, would have put an
end to the squandering OF the public
domain, while IL would have prevented
any need of causing hardship TO indi-
vidual settlers by holding up their claims
However, the appropriation was not
given us, and In consequence IL is not
possible TO secure, al / would like to
secure. the natural resources OF the pub
lie land from fraud, waste and encroach-
ment.
SO much for what we are trying to do
in Utilizing our public lands for the pub
lie; in securing the use of the water, the
forage, the coal and the timber for the
public. In all four movements my chief
adviser, and the man first to suggest
TO me the courses which have actually
proved so beneficial was Mr.. clifford
Pinchot, the chief of the national forest
service. Mr.. Pinchot also suggested 70
me a movement supplementary to all Of
these movements; one which will itself
lead the way in the general movement
which he represents and with which he
Is actively Identified. for the conserva-
ton OF all our natural resources. This