davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14

Arab gets along without shoe strings
or shoe buttons. Both women and men
wear slippers, and they are always
OF the brightest of colors. the favorite
for mems wear being lemon yellow.
The man uually bends down the back
of the heel and wears 1t under his
foot. The women use only red slippeTa
and the richer ones often have slip
pers of velvet embroidered with gold
All footwear Is made by hand; and
the shoemaker's hammer is round
paperweight affair. shaped somewhat
like an old fashioned glass ink. bottle.
The shoemaker holds this by the knob,
and rubs and pounds with 1t at will.
The shoe shops are small. The ordinary
&C bbler usually has three or four boys
sitting cross-legged beside him work
iEg away
Tripoli makes a great deal Of cloth.
There are streets here filled with
| weavers. in which men work on hand
/ Icons in just about the same way as
! they did in the time of Mohammed.
/ Milling In TripOli.
I wish could show you the roller
patent process OF making flour. In
/ this old ia shioned Mohammedan city.
!Tr!po!; Is The Minneapolis OF Barbary,
| and ii manufactures meal fl4 ship
4 n,ent all over the country. 1t has many
/ mills which are worked, day in and
i day out, the year through. Each
mill looks more like O. stable than
anything else, and indeed it Is often
l5stable and mill = combined. In the
/ centre OF the stable are two huge
stones, as big around as a cart wheel,
ard about two feet In thickness. There
is a hopper above the top stone. and
from this the wheat pours down into
hole in that stone, and is ground
as the stones move about one on the
! other. the power which makes the mill
/ go Is an ungainly camel. hitched to
i a long bar which moves the top stone.
The camel has two cups Of closely
woven basket work as big around as
saucer over his eyes. and he goes
about blindfolded. In addition to such
grinding a great deal of flour is made
4 with hand stones moved by women
This is the custom in most of the
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14

esting. 1 spent some time the other
day In big meat market just inside
the city walls. The chief meats sold
are mutton and camel flesh, each of
which has it's own department. and
It's own butchers. The market is held
out of doors, and the killing and sell
ing are done on the same spot. T.
saw men Strengthening sheep and
skinning them, while their customers
waited for the still smoking flesh, and
beside them their fellows were cutting
up other carcasses and weighing them,
preparatory to selling =
The Tripoli mutton Is fine 1t is
tender Ind fat, and the carcasses have
great flaps of fat at the tails. The
Barbary sheep have tails which are
made Of nothing but fat; they hang
Down like great aprons over their
Pumps. q single toll sometimes weigh
ing fifteen pounds.
Many of the sheep sold in the mar
llet are decorated with gold paper to
catch the eyes of customers. and SONG
are sprinkled with white and black
seeds. i asked the price at which NUT
ton was selling, and was told that
cut good cuts brought 10 cents and ups
ward per pound.
a little farther on was the camel
market. Here the meat was also decor
ated with gilt paper. but as 1T came
from old and broken-down camelsait
was tough and jaw breaking and
| brought much less than the mutton.
| Leaving the meat market. L visited
a place where men We're selling per-
| fumery in little hotties about as Bis
around as ones thumb They sat on
the ground, with their tables before
them. ard weighed out the scents at
so much per ounce. A little further on
I saw several Arabs peddling second
| hand weapons Most of the guns were
| Of the old flintlock variety. and some
were beautifully inlaid with gold, sill
YER and ivory. find the flintlock gun
! still in common use here and also the
flints. In some of the Tripoll shops
boxes of flints are exposed for sale,
shot.
/ Copyright. 1907 by Frank G. Car
pentcr.)
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14

Timber Houses. neater than the farm
houses are generally in England
(p. 36). Mr.. Cabot Lodge, who did not
have access, when he published his
Short History of the English Colonies
in America" In 1881. to a 1.-THE of the
Nfrst-hand information as to the social
and industrial life in the colony that
was within reach of Mr.. Doyle's elbow,
but who had read his Anburey and
Smythe and Rochefoucauld avoids our
authors signal error: 1.-THE homes of
the lower classes lin Virginial," he
says, were mean and small Those
of the middle classes and small farm
ers, likewise OF wood, We're larger ana
more convenient" (p. TS).
Another "son of New England" the
! late Professor John F!ske. who qwa
too determined a frst-hand inyestigA-
| tor to subscribe to threadbare conven~
| lions, says cold Virginia and Her
Neighbors," H. 1S7 SD: Nothing can
| be more certain than that the repre-
sentative families Of Virginia wore
not descended from convicts or FROM
| indented servants of any sort (an-
| other Yankee conventionD. ].
For the most part they We're either
country squires or prosperous yeoinen
| or craftsmen from the numerous urban
| guilds; ana alike in Virginia and In
| New England there was a similar pro-
| portion Of persons connected with Eng
lish families ennobled or otherwise
eminent for public service. AS for the
white freedmen, those or the better
sort acquired small estates while
some became overseers of white ser
| wants and black slaves $3.50. The
class of small proprietors always re
NAMED in Virginia, and Included many
other persons besides freedmen.
Already In England the classes OF
rural gentry and yeomen shaded Int
/. one anotheri in Virginia both alike
became land-holders and slave owners
. they mingled together IN society ant
their families intermarried A typ!ca
! instance Is that of the parents o
Thomas Jefferson. His paternal an
cestors We're yeomarry, who in Yir
ginia developed into country squirea.'
1t is pertinent TO observe here tina
Professor Fiske's charming and in
I. structive pages are studded with ref
erences to the Virginia Magazine g
: History ana Biography, the William
(: and Mary Quarterly, and TO Mr., Brnce'
, volumes, all these crammed full .
frst-hand information. which MI
: Doyle does not know of or has, a
o least. ignored.
I, AS to Virginia not Importing .luxu
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14

Virginia Historical Society") has but
two references in this volume (and
those of no great moment to the Vir-
ginia Magazine, and none at all to the
William and Mary Quarterly, though
diligent reading of either would haYa
saved him from some plumbers as to
matters of fact, and no doubt have
tempered in great measure the obscs-
sion of "the Yankee convention"
Scarcely less unfortunate is Mr.. Doyles
seeming Ignorance of Mr.. Philip A.
Bruces "Econofnic History of Virginia
In the Seventeenth Century" (Mac-
millan), a monumental work of pre-
else research and a prime authority
as to the social and industrial devel-
opment of the Virginia colony. 1t Is
true that Mr.. Bruce's book the solid
merits Of which met instant and COR
dial recognition in these columns more
than ten years ago Saturday Review.
| / August, 1880. deals specifically with
conditions in the seventeenth century.
but these same conditions continued in
| great measure into the eighteenth.
and, had Mr.. Doyle read. marked.
learned andEnwardly digested the re-
sulys OF Mr.. Bruce's tirst-hand study
! of court records, land-patents. Wills.
inventories and the like, he would n"
doubt have accepted the logic of cold
| factS' ana aNOlueQ many tduleai ihlS'
approximations as to political social
and Industrial life in the "Old pomin-
| ION" 1t Is owing to the lack of suc!
frst-hand knowledge as was hero
ready to his hand that Mr., DOYLE has
given US in this volume very made
| quate, and often erroneous, picture nl
| conditions in Virginia during tht
eighteenth century.
i The Instances are 80 many that Y
4 ia difficult to elect which to give. To
begin, Mr.. Doyle tells Ms Up. 400 tha'
when the traveller crossed the bound
airy from Penn's colony and came int'
Maryland and Virginia he would fnt
we'll nigh IAN entire change. We hav'
!. no longer the yeoman farmer, wrinS
!, Ing out OF the soil his subsistence. and
: under favorable conditions. margin
for accumulation by continuous tol
, and frugal living. Instead of that
we should see the labor Of the slave
gang 1. Z. When capita, increased
, 1t was not applied, as at New Yorl
or Boston, TO the deyising fresh mode
> of investment Or the importation o
Z, fashionable luXuries from England, blu
j, either productivity TO the purchase | o
: more land or unproductyely to tn
) extension Of rough, hounteous hos
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14

ing with the American colonies during
the seventeenth century but, through
the friendly offices of Mr. Noel Salns-
bury, he had been enabled to make
use of many Of the manuscript treas
ures of the Public Records Office bear
ing on his subject which until that
time had been practically unknown to
writers on American colonial history.
Mr.. Doyle did his work so intelligently
and so thoroughly with the sources OF
information at his disposal that these
earlier volumes were Justly regarded
as competent authority. and, for Eng
llishmen at least, have not as yet been
supplanted by any history Of tbs
American colonies reckoned as more
satisfactory The present volume gives
evidence Of an unimpaired Industry
and very. vide reading, but, after
making every allowance for the enor-
nous difficulty in the way Of anything
like minute study of the volumnous
| eighteenth century colonial 'litera-
| ture," one cannot find in it the samo
enthusiastic determination to search
out and make use of irst-hand author
tiles or the printed equivalents of those
authorities.
On the contrary, Mr., Doyle seems
/ quite content to accept without
/ further Investigation on his own part
| what he finds ready to,ehis hand in
1.-THE books of American writer's or
colonial history. and has neglected
much first-hand authority Cor 1T
4 equivalent) Of which he should mos
Z certainly have known. He indeed is
frank indeed In telling us whom he
follows" in chief measure. For mat
tiers touching the New England colo
niles In his first chapter he follcws
mainly Mr.. Weeden's Economical arr
Social History nj New England; To-
matters In Mary land. Mr.. Meerness
excellent work: .'or South Carolina
Mr.. McCrady's history Of that pro
vince under the proprietary and later
royal governments. and SO on and s.
: on until we come to the tinal chapte,
entitled 1.-THE Conaues, OF Canada Il
. which he follows as chief authort,
Mr.. Parkmans Half Century OF Con
) hict" and "Montcalm and Wolfe" Fo
Virginia 1t is true he makas constan
use OF the letters of Spotsiyood an,
y pnwiddie, which are. OF courle, essen
!, TALLY irst-hand authorities i,r tn
!, time. Nor must 1t be understood tbs
I he does not quote literally. in tddl
I ton. from a great number of boDk
e and pamphlets of more or less yalN'
!. His grave sh ortGona,piA uas not s
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14
GASES. the grain being ground from
GaY to day as II is needed.
Public Bakers.


day to day as 1t is needed.
Public Bakers.
Another Tripoli institution. through
which many families combine together
to cheaper their food, is the town
baker. This man Is to be found in most
of the streets of the city. His shop
looks like a cellar. 1t consists of a
great oven with we'll in front of it
in which the baker stands as he works.
The well Is about four feet deep, and
so made that the breast OF the baker
is on a level with the mouth OF the
oven. The dough is put in and the
baked bread taken out on long
wooden paddle The baker not only
bakes, but he also does roasting. and
one can have sheep cooked. pan
of chestnuts popped or coffee Drowned
! according to order.
The public bakers have their regu-
/ lar customers. who pay them so much
i per month"; and some of them work on
| the same plan as our country millers.
/ taking toll out of each baking sent
in. For instance, II dozen loaves
! are cooked, the baker gets one as his
share, and If smaller amount Is sent
] in little loaf is put in for the toll.
/ Fuel is scarce in all the cities OF
i North Africa. and especially in such
as Tripoi. where the only wood near
1 by is that of the palm or tile olive
4, tree. A great part of the fuel used is
charcoal. and this costs SO much that
it is cheaper to send ones roasts and
leaves out to be cooked than to do
4 them at home. The only stoves used
4 are made of clay or of bricks built
pup as a ledge in the Kitchen walls.
4 There are no chimneys, and the smoke
gets out as it can.
In the Meat HIuri>ets.
4 Speaking OF the baker. makes one
think of the butcher and the CANDLE
4 stick maker. They are all to be found
in Tripoli. The chief light of the city
a comes from candles, and there Is a
regular business of making candles
for the trade. They are usually sold
by the perfumers
The butchers are even more inter
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14
captain NcCabe Sharply Aua4g1s Dr. A. Doyle Of Oxford

rtes from England" as did the New
Yorker or New Englander. time and
space forbid refutatlon of such an idle
contention. Coaches, chariots and
chaises We're all in common use" says
Lodge. in every great house there
was a handsome service of plate. AL.
articles Of apparel We're imported and
costly; but, nevertheless both men and
women dressed handsomely. and in the
height OF the English fashion" But
as Mr.. Doyle no doubt makes his as
sertion In good faith and in homes.
ignorance his attention may be Called
out OF an embarrassment of riches OF
first hand authorities, to the Virginia
Magazine, etc. Vols, l., IT., V. and vi.
Gas typicaD, to the William and Mary
Quarterly Vols. I-NIV. to Lee Of
Virginia" pass, to Bruce, Vol. H.. and
to Fiske Vol. n.
w. GORDON. MccABE.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14

hydrants, and the water used comes
entirely from wells in or near the
city Some of it is carried in goat
skins on the backs of mon, some of
it in clay Jars on the heads OF women,
and a great deal in barrels on the
humps Of camels. The camels kneel
Down by the wells while the barrels
barrels at a load, one on each side OF
its hump, and on the horn of the sad
die is hung the measuring tub. turned
upside down. The water is sold at 50
much r1s tub. and the camel owner
las his regular customers to whom
he furnishes their daily supply.
American Sewing Machincn.
The only modern thing have seen
in Tripoli S the American sewing ma
chine. which is used in the street of
the taiors Every business here has
| its own section, and one long street Is
| filled with tailors. who sit cross
| legged on the floors OF their little
/ cubbyhole shops as they sew. Some of
| them use hand machines. which they
4 place on little tables beside them, and
| scnle have table machines of a we'll
known American make. Where the or
/ binary table machine Is used it takes
up half the shop. Nevertheless, l have
| seen more than score of such ma
chimes in action. They are all export
ed by one company, which sells its
machines everywhere over the world,
ard that Notwithstanding we have 9th
I er machines equally good which are
rever seen abroad
In the Baxaars.
i But let US take a walk through the
bazaars and observe these Barhary
! pirates at work. They are busy
people, and have many manufactures
although everything is turned out by
4 h9ni. Here, Tor instance. is the bazaar
Of the jewelers.. It consists Of a street
| walled on both sides. with little room!
I. 10 u t1iucha iSger than an uprlgh
II piano. In the centre OF every room
there is a little furnace, fed through
a bellows worked by boy. Here j
one where a long gowned, dark-face,
Arab holds a pot of molten silver owe
the fire. Now he takes It off and ce Il
the white metal into bracelets am
anklets. In the next shop a turbanet
, man sits flat on the floor and pound
a gold bar into earrings s big arount
/, as a saucer. while over the way ar
smiths making silver anklets, each o
! which wiz weight several pounds. Al
) Mohanlnedans are fond OF gay orna
ments. and the Bedouins of the deser
], use iewelry as their savings banks
turning their earnings into the gol
and silver worn by their daughter
} and wives. Many of the articles ar
3 of great wei ght. Some of the earring
! are as, large around as ones wrist
!, and a silver brooch of common wear
r the size OF tea plate, fastened o
by prong hinged to It's back.
Among the Shoemnkers.
8 In the bazaar of the shoemakers
r saw scores OF cobbers at work. TIL
) American shoe is practically unknow
. in Mohammedan countries, and tn
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14

lin the last !ssuesof the London Sat
i,1rday Review tJune z9tnj,E one or the
most powerful OF the English literary
Journals. appears Part L. of an slabo
srate review of THE Colonies under the
House of Hanover" by ]. A. Doyle,
M. a., Fellow of All Souls College,
tOXford.
The article is entitled History and
iisconvention. In Three Parts, and IS
9rom the pen of Capt. w. Gordon Nc
Eabe. of this city. who strenuously
.rombats giving chapter and verse In
}eupport of his contention) Dr. Doyle,s
description or the social, economic and
industrial life In Virginia during the
eighteenth century.
AS the article must prove OF especial
Interest TO Nirginians in this tercen-
|tennial Year we reprint for our read.
7ers Part l. all that has as yet APP
peared.]
Five and twenty years have passed
aimee Mr.. Doyle published his first
volume of THE English in America
I'm which he dealt with Virginia, Mary.
land and the Carolinas. from the frs
Settlement of those colonies down t.
the death of Queen Anne. Four year!
huter he issued two additional volumes
treating OF the Puritan Colonies" dur
9nS Il IKE. pSTlou. liz HOW SlpeS VI
Two more volumes, one devoted to tn
fMiddle Colonies" the other dealina
|collectlvely with the whole body Of tn
COLONIES from the accession of tn
House of Hanover down to the begin
hing of those disputes which ended Il
separation from the mother country.
LAS was. appointed out in review OF tn
authors first volume that appeared L
these columns well-nigh a Quarter Q
"a century ago Saturday Review, ]
November. 1880, Mr. Doyle possesses
lin an eminent degree, the qualtle
necessary for the successful rrosecu
tion OF the task he has sat himself
His pages afford indubitable proc
that he is man of prodigious indus
try, determined student, and ! In
fformed withal by genuine enthu
siasm for his work that no mere com
piler could ever counterfeit. In hi
faarlier volumes he made some ba
plumbers, as we now know, hut NH
l9s q knowledge that has come to Il
from researches and records not opc
to him when he wrote, and, in fac
known only to a mere handful 4
fantiquarian specialists. He Mad NC
only made himself familiar With til
xreat mass of printed authorities dea
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14
view, TRlPOLI;

rumbers altogether not more than a
million. or about half as many as
there are in Chicago. and these are
made up OF Wild Arab tribes. many
Tripoli and the soudnn.
The foreign trade OF the country Ia
with the Soudan and Europe. Tripoli
lies directly north Of Lake Chad. and
it Is the chief starting place for the
caravans which cross the Sahara.
There are half dozen routes over the 4
desert from here to the rich lands
of Central Africa. ard a great deal Of
ivory. ostrich feathers and skins are
brought to Tripoli on camels from
THOSE countries. The trip takes sew
eral months and the caravans often
lrclude in their freight female slaves
for the Earbary harems. Millions of
slaves have been thus carried over
the desert and vast numbers have been
sent from here 10 Tunisia and
| Turkey The caravan routes are lined
with the bones of slaves who have died
on the way, and the trade would exist
now were 1t not that the people fear
that the Christian. powers might OBJ
/ ject.
The City of Tripoli.
| Tripoli the city, lies in the Libyan
Desert on the edge OF the Medtter-
ranean Sea. It Is not an oasis Of mud
! houses surrounded by mud walls, such
4 as I have described in my letters from
tho Sahara but II is a desert city OF
/ 10000 Inhabitants, with great white
! hatidirgs and walls of stone.
i Approaching It from the sea the
ton. II Is built upon sloping PENN
/ sula, the houses running around a
4 beautiful bay. guarded by rocky
Islands. which rise like sentinels out
4 OF the blue Mediterranean. At ono end
OF the bay is a huge fertilization.
1 commanded by Turkish soldiers. and at
the other IS the Easbah. fortified
II castle. containing the government;
toffics.. Between these two. running
/ around inside the horns of the cres-
r,snt. are white buildings. mixed here
and there with structures OF green,
3 blue and rose pink. which, rising al
most straight up from the water. form
great bow, with these forts at the
end Behind are other buildings OF
three and four stories. and over them
all may be seen the TALL lean, white
minarets OF the mosques with green
caps on their tops. The houses are
of Arabic architecture and Oriental
roofs OF the highest buildings. asI did
to- day, he sees that each house is
built about a little court, the walls
facing which are painted bright blue.
AS stood on the house top. all
Il Tripoii lay below me- 1t looked much
, like tumble OF great goods boxes
cast by the hands Of the gods dowr
t into the midst of the desert. There
are but few trees in the town. Al
{ the right, facing the sea, some dis
tance away, is an oasis of date palms
l but on the other sides. as far as the
eve can reach. there are nothing hui
t the bare yellow sands Of the Desert o!
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-07-14
New York TO klondil,e ny rrolley.

New York 10 IIlondike by Trolley!
1t is an old story, the New York ia
Boston and Bangor, Me-, trolley tript
somewhat newer Is the Gotham, Balti.
more and Washington jaunt by electric
car and soon we shall have Manhattan
to Montreal trolley connections without
n bdeak. Travelling men even now
jump on the trolley al Herald Squara
and ride most of the way by electric
cars to Buffalo and even Cleveland,
from which city there are sleepers aud
buffet cars on she trolley lines that
run through expresses to Detroit, Gin.
cinnati, indianapolis and other central
Western cities In fact, Bangor Me-
via New York to Omaha. Neb,, Is tho
promise held forth for next summer
by conservative trolley magnates, while
those that are really enthusiastic de-,
clare that almost before the pahlia
begins to realize what has happened
the gaps In the eastern aid western
interurbar trolley systems Will be
closed up, so that the visiting founder
from the Far West may jumn on n
trolley at Coney Island and ride en-
tirely across the continent whtletpobef,
Ing up receive a final transfer and
Jump on the car before his own door
in seattle or Tacoma And from SCI
attic they are building an electric
railway, the power FOR which is Ia bA
| generated by the tides. TO juneau. ting
new .Alaskpn CAPITAL, New York. 70
/ NehrRsk by trolley Indeed CITY
| Hall Square 10 klonaike ar pothingi-~
Alexander Hume Ford IN Metrapol'tas
/ N{rtg ina i +