davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1907-08-30
Soldiers Passing Through.

1t appears that Deming Is be-
coming quite a military rendes-
vous. Soldiers may be seen here
daily, stopping day or more
while on their way to station.
The Ninth Regiment of Infan-
try and SO troopers Of the Fifth
Cavalry passed through last
week. Seven other men passed
through en- route to TT. Bayard
from the Philippines, where they
h ad contracted consumption.
They were: Quartermaster Scar
gent Rolan Minnick, 1st Infan-
try; Geo. Kasmer, cook, 1st In
fantry; Privates Oliver Brown,
LIST Infantry, John Brown, 10Th
Infantry and James Robertson,
9th Cavalry, one Hospital Corps
man and a man from Preside,
California.
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1907-08-30
Don't be Blue

and lose all interest when help ID with.
In reach. Ilerbine will make that liv-
sr perform its duties properly. j. B.
Vaughn. Elba, Ala. writes: being q
constant sufferer from constipation
and disordered liver, have found
Herbine 10 be the best medicine for
these troubles on the market. have
used Il constantly. believe it to be
the best medicine of its kind, and |
wish all sufferers from these troubles
could know the good Herhine has done
me-" Sold by Palace Drug Sters.
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1907-08-30
Remedy for Diarrhoea Never Known
10 Fail.

81 want to say few words for Cham
berlain's Collie, Cholera and Diarrhoea
Remedy. ! have used this preparation
in my family for the past five years and
have recommended it to a number of
people in York county and have never
known 1t TO fail TO effect a cure in any
instance. feel that can not say too
much for the best remedy Of the kind
in the world. IS. Jemison, Spring
Grove, York County, Pa. This remedy
is for sale by All Druggists.
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1907-08-30

The Deming public schools
open Monday, Sept. End. Va
cation is over, and now the lad
and lassie are to take up again
the school duties. Attend the
first day and every day through
out the entire nine months.
Prof. Doderer will arrive home
on Saturday and has everything
planned for a successful opening
on Monday morning.
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1907-08-30

A brother of the Mr.. Bassett
who died, here suddenly a few
weeks ago, has arrived in the
city from his home in Indiana to
settle up his deceased brothers
affairs,
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1907-08-30
Pump for Sale.

miners sinking pump for sale; size
7x3ixl2, regular fitted, complete, al.
most new. Can be seen at W. J.
Graham's repair shop. Phone 1903.
Can be bought at bargain.
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1907-08-30
Notice..

From August 18th coal will not
be delivered unless paid for in
advance, and due to the raise in
prices we will have to charge
So 90 per ton.
CRESCENT LUMBER Co.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
r. F. D. No. 3.

]. E. Cesler has recovered from his
recent sickness.
E. Housh accompanied shipment of
stock to Chicago Saturday and visited
friends in different parts of Illinois last
week.
On Eaton is the owner of freak of
nature in the shape of a calf which
stands fourteen inches high and weig his
only fifteen pounds.
Jacob Piper was taken violently sick
Sunday night but is better at this
writing.
Sunday school was organized at
Bethel Sunday with 7. L. Cox superin-
tendent, Hiram Manchester secretary
and treasurer, and Veta Spurlock
chorister.
Mrs. Frank Davenport gave an ice
cream supper Wednesday evening in
honor to Miss Wernitch, teacher at
Mushroom.
The committee to solicit funds for a
Fourth of July celebration at Blockley
has met with good success. Will have
program out next week.
Joe Leeper and his bridge crew have
recently built two badly needed bridges
on the south Eden road. Thanks to
member of the board McClaran.
Capt. jerks is repairing the thresher
engine for Truitt and Fulton.
Uncle Jim Rogers and wife were Sun
day visitors at George Rogers.
Spawn Miller was thrown from his
horse Saturday while driving cattle and
received bad fall.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
DELAYED CORRESPONDENCE.
Pleasant Valley.
We had another big rain Sunday.

we had another big rain Sunday.
Last Sunday was George Virden's
47th birthday, and the relatives, friends
and neighbors assembled with we'll
filled baskets and enjoyed big dinner
in honor of the occasion. They also
presented Mr.. Virden with fine rock
ing chair to remember the happy oc-
casion. Mrs. Virden and Mrs. Charles
Millsap worked up the surprise on
George and he was taken completely
unawares.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Quigley took
their baby to Davis City Sunday to the
doctor.
Adam Zika and family moved last
week into their new house. He also
has his new barn completed.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Robb were
Decatur visitors last Saturday.
MIR. and Mrs. Will Bruner we're Deca-
tur visitors Sunday.
Mr.. Prang and family were visiting
at Decatur City Sunday.
Mrs. Tom Roberts brother and fami-
ly were visiting them last week.
Blanche Roberts visited with Winnie
Cash at Decatur City Sunday.
Mrs. George Virden was visiting
with Mrs. Tom Sutherlin one day last
week.
James McMorris sheared sheep for
Tom Roberts last week,
Levi and Wilbur Hill were visiting
at the home of George Virden Saturday
nipht
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
DR.. Shoop's
Rheumatic Remedy
L. P. VAN WERDEN.
ARE YOUGOING
TO LOOK OVER THE
NORTHWEST?

If you are with the view of locat-
ing, write to the secretary of the Com
mercial Club, Mimic, N. D. We claim
to have the best farm lands to be
found anywhere in the Red River val
ley. Our method is to put prospective
buyers in touch with the actual prop
erty owner, thereby eliminating all
profits and commissions of the middle
man or broker, which in most cases
have been exorbitant, and out of all
proportion. If interested write to
P. j. CAROLINE,
Secretary Commercial Club
Mimic, N. D.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
Rheum

I have found a tried and tested cure for Rheu-
matism! Not remedy that will straighten the
distorted limbs of chronic cripples nor turn bony
growths back to flesh again. That Is impossible.
But can now surely kill the pains and pangs Of
this deplorable disease
In Germany-with Chemist in the City Of
Darmstadt-I found the last Ingredient with
which DR.. Shops Rheumatic Remedy was made
o perfected, dependable prescription. Without
that last ingredient, I successfully treated many.
many cases of Rheumatism; but now, at last, tunt.
formly cures all durable cases of this heretofore
much dreaded disease. Those sand-like granular
wastes found in Rheumatic Blood. seem to dissolve
and pass away under the action Of this remedy as
freely as does sugar when added to pure water.
And then. when dissolved. these poisonous wastes
freely pass from the system. and the cause of
Rheumatism is gone forever There is now no
real need-no actual excuse to suffer longer with
out help. We SELL and in confidence recommend
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
Charm.

Flowing corn is the order of the day.
Mamie Mullen is visiting her sister
Katie Hickman this week.
Mrs. Julia Wallace, of Lineville, pass
ed through these parts Sunday enroute
for Leon.
Grace Garner and gentleman friend
we're seen buggy riding Sunday.
Quite crowd attended services at
the Catholic church Sunday.
Alice and Kate Sullivan spent Sunday
with their sister, Mrs. Julia Griffin.
Clyde Waller and Angie Still spent
Sunday at l. E. Evans.
Lee Cannon and son, of California
visited Wayne Gammon's the past week
Mrs. Jane Lille called on her mother,
Mrs. Sarah Finch, Friday.
Ella and Katy Grogan, of Leon, spent
Sunday at jamie Griffins.
Elva Campbell, Ruey Hazlet, Elma
Kimport, Walter Blakesley and Arthur
Campbell were seen on the streets OF
Leon Saturday.
Alice and Maggie Grogan visited rel
atives in this vicinity.
Albert Finch and Emmett Still spent
Saturday night and Sunday at G. A
Finch's.
George Evans made his usual tril
down south Sunday evening.
Guy Garner has been working for Ode
Dale the past week.
John Flynn and best girl were trying
the fine roads Sunday evening.
Ruey HaZlet returned home Sunday
after weeks visit at Chas. Campbell S
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
The Magic No. 3.

Number three is wonderful mascot
for Geo. Fl. Paris, of Cedar Grove, Me-,
according to a letter which reads:
"After suffering much with liver and
kidney trouble, and becoming greatly
discouraged by the failure to find relief,
l tried Electric Bitters, and as result
am well man today. The first bottle
relieved and three bottles completed
the cure" Guaranteed best on earth
for stomach, liver and kidney troubles,
by L. P. Van Werden druggist. SOC.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
Walker Remedy Co.,

Walker Remedy Co.,
Lamont, Iowa.
Gentlemen:-M chickens began tax
ing the roup last winter SO l purchased
a bottle of your Roup and Cholera Cure
of your representative, and it gave per-
feet satisfaction and saved all the hens
that had the roup. | have been using
it this spring as a preventive and my
chicks both old and young are healthy
and strong. Can honestly recommend
it to all poultry raisers. | have found
it superior to any other have used,
both in quality and quantity.
Mrs. Viola Champion,
Macksburg, Iowa.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27

If you will make inquiry it will be a
revelation to you how many succumb to
or another. Il the patient is not beyond
medical aid, Foley's Kidney Cure will
cure. 1t never disappoints. Bell &
Robinson.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27

Summer coughs and colds yield at
once to Bees Laxative Cough Syrup,
Contains honey and tar but no opiates.
Children like it. Pleasant to take. Its
laxative qualities recommend it to
mothers. Hoarseness, coughs, Group
yield quickly. Sold by W. G. Stempel
& Co
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
An Interesting Letter.

The following interesting letter de-
scriptive of trip to California, was
written by Mr.. David Hoover, of Hagers-
town, Indiana, to his home paper, the
Hagerstown Exponent. Mr.. Hoover,
who is a cousin of Lawrence and John
Caster, of this city, is an extensive
traveller, and writes letter we'll
worthy of perusal. A second letter
will be published next week:
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27
Something Refreshing.

in the form of beverage is desired by
everyone, especially in summer, but be
careful what that something is. Before
you take it into your:system know that
it is pure and wholesome, that it is free
from disease germs or chemical adulter-
ations injurious to health. Therefore
when you drink, drink OTTUMWA
BEER, which has stood every known
test for absolute purity and healthful-
ness.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27

Man Fan Pile Remedy comes put up
in a collapsible tube with nozzle.
Easy to apply right where soreness and
Inflammation exists. It relieves at once
blind, bleeding, itching or protruding
piles. Guaranteed. Price soc. Get it
today. Sold by w. c. Stempel s. Co.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1907-06-27

It's always the short winded man who
does the loudest shouting at foot
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1907-12-20
SENATE RATIFIED BY DAVIS.
Pyrotechnic Arkansan Breaks All Prece-
dents in HoarY Custom.

Pyrotechnic Arkansan Breaks All Prece-
dents in Hoary Custom.
Senator Jefferson Davis Of Arkansas
broke all precedents in that august
body Wednesday. He made a speech
against the trusts in which he fayed
the monsters in the same manner that
he employed on the stump in Arkan.
sis.
His democratic colleagues undertook
to persuade him to observe the hoary
customs of the senate and remain
quiet at least during his first session.
They succeeded only to the extent of
dissuading him from speaking the first
day of the session.
When candidate fol the office of
senator, Davis promised that when cleo
ted he would walk up and down the
aisles of that venerable body and shake
his boots in the vice presidents face.
lie did not carry out his threat literal
ly, but he did fguratyely.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1907-12-20
TO MAKE INQUIRY
Into Labor Troubles at Goldfeld, Nevada,
President Roosevelt Sends Com
mission of Three

mission of Three.
Assistant Secretary Murray of the
department of commerce and labor;
Charles P. Neill, commissioner of la
Dor. and Herbert Knox Smith, commits
sioner Of corporations, left Washington
Wednesday afternoon for Goldfeld,
New, to make a thorough investiga-
ton of the trouble between the miners
and mine operatives at that place.
President Roosevelt is anxious to as
certain the exact conditions existing at
Goldfeld. He has given to the com
mission a letter of instructions, which
is very broad in its character and
will enable the commission to make
any such investigation into affairs at
Goldfeld as it may determine upon.
The members of the commission are
directed to proceed Immediately to
Goldfeld and to make an inquiry into
affairs as they exist there and report
to him personally. The letter also M-
reefs all civil and military authorities
to furnish the commission with any
information bearing upon the situation
that they may possess.
The following instructions we're sent
to the commanding officer Of the troops
now at Goldfeld Wednesday morning
by order of the president;
''The troops are not sent to take the
part of either side in purely indus
trial dispute as long as It is KEPT
within the bounds of law and order.
They are to be neither for nor against
the strikers or the employers. They
are to prevent riot, violence and dis
order, under and in accordance with
the constitution and the laws of the
land No man is to be interfered with
as long as he conducts himself in
peaceful and orderly manner"
The statement was made at the war
department that there was no intention
of withdrawing the troops from Cod
field, notwithstanding the dispatch of
the commission from Washington. 1t
is understood among the officials of
the war department that the presi-
dents purpose is to forestall adverse
criticism upon the dispatch of troops
In 1873, when party feeling ran high,
congress enacted the famous posse
comitatus act, the purpose of which
was to prevent in the first place, the
use Of the United States troops at the
polls in the southern states. That act,
under heavy penalty, prohibited the
employment Of "any part Of the army
of the United States as a posse com.
itatus, or otherwise, for the purpose
of executing the laws, except in such
cases and under such circumstances,
as such employment of said force may
be expressly authorized by the consti-
tuition or by act of congress-"
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1907-12-20
UNION COTTON WAREHOUSE BURNS

And Two Thousand Bales OF Eleecy Staple
Go Up in Smoke.
The Farmers Union warehouse at
Taylor, Texas, together with about two
thousand bales Of cotton, was destroy
ed by fire late Wednesday. The loss
is estimated at $125,OOO, fully covered
BIZ insurance.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28
,aal 80
SANTA FE: NOTES.

Train No. 10 was delayed this morn
ing and arrived at $3.50.
Engineer John M. Helvie of Argentine
is working in temporary freight SER
vice.
Engineer Andy Murray of Argentine
service.
The classes in penmanship and spell
ing will meet at the Railroad Y. NJ. c.
A. tonight.
Tom O'Leary, who has been working
as special officer in the local yards, has
resigned his position.
Carl Trap of the general managers
office has been laying off on a two
weeks vacation. He will return to
work Wednesday,
The bowling alleys at the Railroad
Y. M. c. A. have been fitted up and
are now running in full blast and are
in the best of shape.
w. F. Burdick travelling passenger
agent of the Santa Fe, with headquar-
tiers at Denver, is in Topeka for few
days visiting with relatives.
Engine No 4S2 was taken out on trial
trip this morning by Engineer ]. N.
Kellys The engine will be put into
passenger service within few days.
General Manager J. E. Hurley return
ed from Oklahoma yesterday in his
private car No. Is. He accompanied the
presidents special as far as Oklahoma
City.
Brakeman Twyler who has been
working on the local extra board has
been transferred to Argentine where he
will work in temporary service on the
cutoff.
Conductor Clinton Coddingtcn was on
runs Nos 100 and ITO, the Kansas City
plug runs, yesterday, in the place of
Conductor Harry Griffin who was lay
ing off.
Conductor Stivers of Argentine has
been temporarily assigned to service
between Kansas City and Dodge City.
He went through Topeka on No 10 this
morning.
Conductor F. P. McCabe was in the
place of Conductor j. H. Griffith on
runs Nos 10Y and 108 yesterday Con-
ductor Griffith returned to work this
morning.
Engineer E. r. Ludwig of Argentine
is running temporarily on runs Nos. lib
and ia between, Topeka and Argentine
in the place of Engineer Dan Finn who
is laying off.
Conductor Ed butcher of Arkansas
City who is in the local hospital suf-
fering from injuries which he received
by a barrel of oil falling on him is re-
ported to be improving.
Ray L Bailey who has been working
as an assistant axle light foreman at
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28

Chicago has been transferred to Topc-
ka where he went, to work this morning
as axle light foreman in the local shops.
So far this month one hundred and
sixty new members have been added to
the Railroad Y. M G. A. despite the
fact that there have been no contests
of any kind on. The present total mem
bership of the association up to date is
1,625. .ra
The Young Mems Social and Investi-
cation club of the Railroad Y. M. c. A.
will meet tomorrow night at the associ-
alton. Special entertainment has been
provided. Miss Blanche Hughes will
give a couple of readings and Miss
Jeanette Long will play several selec-
tions on the plano. The nominating
committee which was appointed last
week will make their report.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28
least 10PEkAN0IES|
MGsM
/ 2Saakr@a @ad

Items for the East Topeka column may
be telephoned to Ind. phone 621.1
Mr.. James Wilson of 1926 Kline
street is the proud possessor of a new
pianola for his piano.
Mr.. Sam Groach is suffering with
an injured eye by getting piece OF
emery in it while at work.
Miss Lola Harris spent Saturday
and Sunday in Lawrence, the guest OF
Mr.. and Mrs. H. g.. Wilson.
The East Side Improvement asso-
citation will meet tomorrow evening at
their hall on Eighth and Lake streets.
Mr.. and Mrs w. L. Horn returned
to their home in Kansas City last
evening after a short visit with rela-
tives here.
The Kings Daughters of the Third
Presbyterian church will hold a very
important meeting at the church at
1880 o'clock this evening.
The c. W. B. NJ. monthly meeting
will be held Friday afternoon at p.
m. with Mrs. c. A Horn. Division |
of the society has charge.
The Sons and Daughters of Justice
will hold an open meeting this even
ing at Security hall. All members
and friends are invited to attend.
Miss Margaret MOSCOW of Carbon
dale came Saturday evening to visit
her sister, Mrs. L. Luthey of 234
Chandler street, for few days.
The young people of the Third
Christian church are invited to at
tend the pie social given at the First
Christian church next Tuesday even
ing. s
The 5 executive committee of the
c. W. B. M. of the Third Christian
church will be held Wednesday eve
ming at the home of Mrs. S. L. Will
son, 325 Kline street.
The Young Peoples Circle of the
Third Christian church will hold their
regular monthly meeting this evening
with Miss Marie Miller at her home
720 Golden avenue. All young peo-
pie are invited to attend.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28
High-Grade Flowers
and Floral Designs

There are times and events
which seem to demand the pres
ence of flowers and when these oc-
casions do come, it is we'll to know
just where you can find the choic-
est and finest variety at most mod
crate prices.
Whether you desire a bouquet of
beautiful cut flowers, some bios
SONS for your home decoration or
a funeral tribute to the memory of
some departed one, you will find
our flowers to be the very best and
our prices invariably moderate.
A trial order will testify.
Your phone order will have our
Immediate and careful attention.
For flowers of every description
go to
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28
CHINA PAINTING.

CHINA painting, firing orders. taken:
Mrs. E. D. Small, corner Goroon ana
Central ave, North Topeka
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28


Mr.. and Mrs. H. R. Nickerson, Of
New York city, and Mrs. Harry F.
Nash, of Denver, are guests of Mr.. ana
Mrs. w. A L. Thompson for the mar
riage of their daughter, Miss Helen
Thompson, and Mr.. Harry w. Donald
son, which will take place tomorrow
evening. other out of town guests here
or expected are Mr.. and Mrs. Fred
Bonebrake of Usage City, Mr.. and Mrs.
Harry Weaver and Mr.. and Mrs. Dorr
Norton of Kansas City.
An out of town wedding of especial
interest here where the bride frequent
ly visits and is very well known will
be that of Miss Ruth Hayden, daugh-
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Hayden of
Ho1ton, and Mr.. Edward Jennings Will
Jams of Brookield, Mo-, which will take
place at the home of the brides par
ents in Holton at half after o'clock
Wednesday, November g. Miss Hayden
will be attended by her sister, Miss
Mary Hayden, and Mr.. Williams by
Mr.. Motion Carter of Hannibal, Mo-
Miss Hayden is an attractive and pop
in Topeka of Miss Dolly Curtis, Miss
Mary Chase Cham berlain and the Ed
win Knowles family. She is a gradu-
ate of Monticello seminary, Godfrey,
Ill.
Mrs. William E. Drechsel and Miss
Elvia Millspaugh are arranging sub
scription dance to be given by the
matrons and girls for the men of the
Helianthus club Wednesday night. All
the men of the club are included in a
general invitation and no individual in
vitations will be issued. The hostesses
will go to the dance without escorts
and will be disguised as ghosts in sheets
and pillow cases.
Miss Nellie Lincoln who coached the
K. S. A. c. students for the college
play, a localized version of George
Manhattan last week, is receiving the
hearty congratulations of the audience
on the excellent work of her amateurs
A Topeka woman who attended the play
\ says it was f1rst-class entertainment,
nut on with truly professional skill.
The waits between acts did not ex-
coed ten minutes and the curtain rose
on the dot All the players were we'll
trained and acquitted themselves with
much credit. Miss Virginia Meade of
Topeka played the title role with dis
tinction.
BeIoit Call, (Oct. pa: The beautiful
music of the wedding march from
Lohengrin was used last night when
Miss. Helen Dodge. of Beloit, and Mr.
William Samuel Kretsinger of Emporia
were united in marriage. The wedding
took place at Z O'Clock, at the hand
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28
FOR EXCHANGE.

FOR EXCHANGE.
TO EXCHANGE
room house. newly remodeled, with
bath. city water, sewer connection. gas,
one-helf block to paved street, Washburn
neighborhood. To trade for smaller prop
erty or vacant lots.
SHAWNEE AGENCY,
5S4 KANSAS AVE.
IND. PHONE SOS.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28
BICYCLES AND REPAIRING.

y. S. CYCLE CO., lis E. Eighth. Nationa
& 1ver-Johnson bicycle. Supplies, repairs
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28

WANTED-Good baster and lining max
er. Good wages to capable woman. Mrs
Mercer. The Crosby Bros. Co.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28
y ,vrren -rr,i.LN lIE1r

WANTED-Competent girl for general
homework. HOO Harrison st.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..

| WANTED-Position by young lady to as
| sist with homework and go to school.
c. D., care Journal.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-10-28

Beloit Call. (Oct. 24): The beautiful
music of the wedding march from
Lohengrin was used last night when
Miss Helen Dodge, of Beloit, and Mr..
William Samuel Kretsinger of Emporia
were united in marriage. The wedding
took place at Z o'clock, at the hand