davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-04-28

in which the difficult conditions We're over
come will be instructive to the owners of
any kind of a small place. The picture
shows how, without need for much elucida-
ton. Clumps of trees at each end of the
house. three or four small and perfectly
round shrubs and small vines in studied in
tervals We're the simple means used to
make the most of otherwise totally in
sufficient lawn-space.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.

Chicago. April 9-Reaiizing sales had n
weakening effect To-day on the wheat
net decline of @sd1R. Corn is up 14aSs
Oats are off = and provisions show a
gain of 1212 to 1712.
The wheat market was subjected to
considerable selling pressure all day The
feeling was heavy from the beginning
TO the end At the start the market was
AFFECTED b. liberal northwestern receipts
and by an unresponsive tone of the mar
ket at Liverpool. where prices were bare
" steady, Notwithstanding the lC advance
mere yesterday. The government report
winch viii be issued tomorrow acted as
a check on buyers general belief being
that the government will not show as
much damage to the winter crop as have
the reports of experts who are now going
over the ground. An increase of 4,500.01
bushels in the worlds visible supply. COM
pared with a decrease of .339, 900 bushels
last week. was an additional bearish fac
tor during the last part of the day. The
greater portion of the selling was bV
longs. the offerings being taken by com
mission houses. The market closed weak
May wheat opened unchanged to sc low
er at as to IA, sold off to 1875 and closed
at 762. G767s.
The corn market was firm despite the
weakness of wheat The market closed
firm with prices at the highest point.
May corn opened a shade to Is higher
at 1875 TO 467sd46l5 sold at 46l4 and then
advanced To 1865. where it closed
Oats were moderately firm at the start
because of buying based on reports of
damage to the crop in the southwest.
Later, however the market eased off in
sympathy with the weakness Of wheat.
May oats opened unchanged to Is higher
at 427s to 49, sold off to 42ss d4224 and
Trading in provisions was light. largely
closed at 4224.
because of a scarcity Of offerings. The
market was firm throughout an advance
in the price of live hogs being respOn-
sible. At the close May pork was up liz
lard was up 12i2 and ribs were 12l2a15
higher
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
PUBLIC NOT YET
IN THE MARKET
Operations in Wall Street Con-
tinue in the Hands of the
Professionals.
FEW STOCKS PARTICIPATED
LATE WEAKNESS ON NEWS
FROM WASHINGTON,

N-ev York. April 9.-The character of the
oEeratfons i'm stocks today continued to
suggest the dominance of professionals in
tho dealings. Transactions were cOnduc-
ted with signs of organization and con-
cert and were largely congested in few
stocks. usually favOrites in such opera
fioUe The market lacked breadth and
COMPLAINTS from the commission houses of
rbe small orders for execution showed
that there was a small general partici-
nation in the market. American Smelt-
ing was a conspicuous feature and re-
-nOnded to very positive assertions that
AN advance i'm the dividend rate to 10
Uer cent had been determined upon There
also was talk of a probable incoming div
iGeud increase on United States Steel.
40 authority could be found for these
reports. The movement in Canadian Pa
riffc was attributed 10 a fresh turn
against the short interest in the stock.
Much was made also of the continued
downward tendency I'm money rates, both
mere and abroad. The strength Of the mar
ket was quite general in the early part
of the day and the development of marked
weakness in the southern railroad stocks
came while strength was still marked in
the rest of the market. The fall in these
stocks suggested q renewal of the kind
Of liquidation which was in force last
month and aroused some disquietude, and
the whole market was not long in re-
spending. Some effect on sentiment was
produced by the reports OF a pending note
issue by the Delaware & Hudson, sug-
gestiug general resumption of this form
Of financing TO follow any large addi-
tioual supplies to banking resources.
The later weakness of the market was
aggravated by reports from Washington
hat the deposit of customs receipts with
The banks was 10 be discontinued for
the present and also that proceedings
were I'm progress to compel +. H. HaT-
refused to reply at the interstate COM
merCe hearing. The closing tone was
easy.
Bonds were heavy. Total sales par
value ISIS. 90.
United States bonds were unchanged on
call
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10

Cash quotations were as follows:
FlGur-Steady.
Wheat-No. , spring. S0dS3; No. 8. 74d
50: No. . red, 75Ssd761z.
Corn-No. ,. 45izd45s4; No. yellow. 45d
0ats-No. >. 42ss: No white. 49,; No. s
white. 40&4 a4224.
Rye-NO. ,. &c.
Barley-Fair to choice mailing. 6iG69.
Flax Seed-No- / 1-19: No, ! northwest
ern. 1.17d1.1S
Timothy Seed-Prime. 40.
Clover-Contract grades 1925.
Short Ribs-Sides 0oose). S35dS.45-
Mess Pork-Per barrel. 16.12lad1625.
Iard-Per 100 pounds. S.67i5.
Sidese-Short clear (boXed). S.I5d9.00.
Whisky-Basis of high wines, 1.29.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Wool Market.

unusually duh on account of the deple-
uon of supplies, but prices are firm. The
territory woods are quiet and new bust
ness Is exceedingly small in volume. Quo
tatiOnS:
California tscJared b1sis)-Northern
choice, 6lH6S; northern good. 65a67: mid
die county. 65G66: southern 62H6S: fall
free. 57d5S
Oregon {ScOured basis)- Eastern No.
staple, 12Ns3: eastern No. 1 clothing. $50
20; valley No. /. 60d62
Territory-Staple tscoured basis). 72673;
fne medium, 6Sn70; medium, 65d66
MISUNDERSTANDING (scoured basis fine
'6SHO; fine medium, 66d6S; medium 62d6l
Colorado and New Mexico-Spring
Secured y. 69Nl0: No. / 63M65
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Metal Markets.

New York April s.-There was quite
sharp advance in the London tin market
with spot closing at elS6 los and futures
at G1S4 los. Locally the market was quiet
and about II points higher on the aver
age with spot quoted at 40.65d40.S5.
Copper was 2S cd higher in the London
market, with spot quoted at eSS Is and
futures at SOS los Locally the market
continued quiet and more or less nOmi-
nal. Lake is quoted at a. J0025.00: cleo
uolyuc, 24GCUi5o. and casting. 2300d
%. 80
Lead was 5s higher at SO los Sd in
the London market, but remained quiet
locally.
Spelter was > cd higher. at e26. in Lon
don, but unchanged at 6.I506.S0 locally
Iron was higher in the English mar
ket with standard foundry quoted at
54s and Cleveland warrants at 55s. LO-
cally the market was unchanged
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Money, Silver, Etc.

New York. April 9.-Prime mercantile
paper. 6d6la.
Sterling exchange heavy with actual
business in bankers bills at 4S5l0H4 .S545
for demand and at 4S195GLS2 for sixty
day bills. Posted rates. 4S21aT4S3 and
-S6d $751;.
Commercial bills, 4S54.
Bar silver. 65l4.
Mexican dollars %
Government bonds steady; railroads
heavy
Money on call easy; 1a4a2A per cent;
ruling rate. per cent; closing bid. ~
per cent; offered at per cent.
Time loans dull: sixty days. Az per
cent; ninety days. 4&4d5 per cent; six
months per cent
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Butter ana Eggs.

! changed.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Coffee and Sugar.

New York. April 9.-Coffee futures
closed steady. net unchanged to 10 points
lower. A little more than half the bust
ness consisted of exchanges from near
to later months Sales were reported OF
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Financial and Commercial

a,'Vp bags. including May at $50: July
at 30: September at 555lI5 81. Decan,be,.
AZ 2-99Nq 80; January at 565 and March
al 9-osa9.e9. Spot coffee quiet; Rio No.
:; santos No. +, 5; mild coffee dull:
CordoVa. 9N12l2.
ougar-Raw strong; fair refining. ga:
centrifugal. 30 test, 39sH3 11-l6: molasses
sugar, 2fsd2 15-l6. refined firm
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Treasury Statement.

Washington. April 9.-TOday's statement
of the treasury balances in the general
fund shows: Available cash balance,
S252. 100 Cog. gold coin and bullion. S1OS 912 =
S56: gold certificates. S44. $50. so.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Assessment No. 7.

MORRISON MINING COAPANY
Principal place Of business. SalC Lake
City. Utah. Location Of mines Hum
bOldt county Nevada Notice IS hereby
given that al meeting Of the board &C
directors OF the Morrison Mining com
psny held on the 12th day OF March 1861
assessment No. of one cent per share
corporation issued and outstanding pay
able imme diatelv to the secretary at 161
South Main street salt Lake City. Ctah.
Any stock upon which this assessment
may remain unpaid on Tuesday. April
10th. 1907. Will be delinquent and 3dVer-
tised foI sale at public auction. and un-
less payment is made will h0 sold or
Thursday. the 10Th day of MAJ. A.
o clock p. M. at the conpauys office tu
pay the delinquent assessment thereon.
together with the cost Of advertising and
expense Of sale.
BY r. II. SIDDOWAY.
Secretary.
16l Main Street. Salt Lake CITY
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10

Sheep-Receipts. 14.Go0: market strong;
natives. 4.50a6.eo: yearlings, 65taf 0O'
lambs. 6.j9dS40, western, 6.J0dS.B
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
Re'fs Shin
LIVESTOCK MARKETS.

Kansas City. April 9.-Cattle-Receipts
Is 900; market steady to shade lower; ma
tive steers. 4.50d650; native cows and heit-
ers 275d5.25: stOckers and feeders 3.606i
500; bulls. 3.00d425; calves, S.50tf7.25; west
ern fed steers, 425G5.75; western fed cows,
Hogs~Receipts. 15OOo; market strong;
heavy. 6.4OG6 AZ; packers, 6.49d6.50; pigs
and light. 5.756625
Sheep Receipts. 10000 market strong;
muttons. 5.50d625; lambs, 1.5oNS20: range
wethers, 5.75d7.O0; fed ewes. 5.cOu6.Oo.
Chicago. April -Cattle-Recei 400;
market steady; beeves. 4l5n6 50; cows
IS0d4O0; heifers, 2I5d5.3O; calves. $50
725: good to prime steers. 5.5546.65; poor
to medium 415d5.@; stockers and feed
ers. 2S0d5.00
Hogs-Receipts. 1900: market strong to
shade higher: light 6i0d6.65: miXedd. 6i5
ae.65: heavy. 690d6.65: rough. 6-301e.l5
pigs. 5.9Od6.55; good TO choice heavy. 6.55g
60
Sheep Receipts. 140o0: market strong;
natives. 4.50aee0: yearlings. b5Vai-5 V'
lambs. 6.59dS-40; western, 6J0dS.50.
omaha. April -Cattle-Receipts. 5000;
market lower: native steers. 4e0d5-S0;
cows and heifers. , 75d475; western steers.
3. 25d5. %; stockers and feeders. SoO95.25;
calves. 500G6.50; bulls and stays, 2S0d
Hogs-Receipts Il coo: market 30 lower;
heavy. 6.30H627la: mixed, 6.321sQ6,S5; light,
1. 30d6.37i9; pigs. 5.50de-25.
sheep Receipts. 11.eo0: market steady to
stronger: yeaTlings. 625Hl.00; wethers, 6.N
d6.50: ewes. 5.00d5.S5: lambs. I-25aS.25.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10

Chicago. April 9.-On the produce ex-
chanSe today the butter market was
steady; creameries, 22d291z; diaries. p
. EgSs-Firm at mark: cases Included. Is;
nrsts, 10; prime firsts. 15j2.
Chees-Easy: 12izN15
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1907-04-10
ATTENTION---DRY FARMERS.


Lab
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-05-31
GIRL MESSIAH IN EUROPE.
New Religious Sect in Germany That
Believe Christ Is Re~incarnated
in Maid Of Fifteen,

A strange religious sect has been
founded at Annaberg, in the district Of
Erzebebirge, by the supersutious and liz.
norant working people who have come
to believe that Christ has become rein
carnated In the person Of a fair haired,
b~lue-eyed girl OF Is, says the Pittsburg
Gazette. The fact that this girl quoted
Scripture in her sleep was considered q
miracle by her relatives, and she Is now
fully convinced of her mission herself,
and often goes into a trance, during
which she makes ~semibihlicSl utter
ances.
The news OF this sect recently reached
the police, who appeared at one Of their
services, The believers were seated on
a hill just outside the town and on the
summit, on a green velvet cushion was
the girl, After the police had heard
enough blasphemy they proceeded to ar
rest her, but were attacked by her ad-
herents, and a fight followed, which kept
the local court busy with assault cases
for several days. The girl was placed
under observation in a hospital, but waa
declared sane and sent home, where she
was welcomed as a martyr by her be-
levers, who held a rousing meeting.
A Berlin journalist who was present
says that the audience was In a state
bordering on frenzy. The girl fell into
a trance and then a strange voice said:
Peace be with you. | am Christ" As
she spoke all the hearers removed
strange coverings, which they had placed
upon their heads. The voice went on to
say that it had chosen this poor girl to
speak through because she was honest.
Then followed a strange targon Of re-
ligious phrases, and when the voice IN
ished people were sobbing and writing
on the floor in religious ecstasy.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-05-31
FINE MODEM MILLINERY.
Many Handsome Eats, Unknown to
Their Wearers, Are Made
of Shavings.

1t Is not generally known that many
of the handsomest summer hats worn
by the ladies of this country are literal
ly made from wood "shavings," says the
Scientific American. The finest exam,
pies Of this industry are produced IN
Japan, these wooden ribbons appearing
in many forms, some OF which have al.
most the delicacy and sheen, Of satin,
while others resemble soft and dainty
crepes. Only about Is per cent, OF the
chip is exported in the form Of wood
ribbons, the remainder being worked
into what is commercially known as chip
braid, and which Is employed In the same
n as straw braid, that 10, for hata
basketry and other fancy articles.
The exports in a single year from
Japan have amounted to over $3.50, 900
the United States being a large buyer
The trade is steadily increasing, with
a constantly growing demand, as the in.
dustry is comparatively new. While
willow is considerably used In Germany,
the japanese manufacturers employ Iii.
ropean poplar, spruce, Chinese cypress
cherry, buckeye, paulonia, false hickory
and some other kinds Of wood. The chip
is produced by planning with special
tools, the shavings being about Is inche,
long and m and a half In width. Thu
leading forms arc known a. crepe, THU
crepe, striped crepe. scaly crepe, net.
work crepe, relief figures, pushed, undu.
lated, etc. The product takes dyes read.
lily, and Is so thin and flexible thai
daintiest effects In millinery goods ca
be secured.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-05-31
SAVED BY THE REINDEER
Animals Rroaghs from Siberia By Our
Government Feed Starving
Eskimcs.

TAS gossrnnsrth has row givsa out the
aetAss q TIE experiment made By Uncle
sam Ia Alaska with importing reindeer
Ia tzEe the place az the native animals
SAseA had begun to die out This has
enabled TIE Eskinaos who still live In
A.askA TO preserve their tribes,
Owing 10 the diminishing numbers Of
tie Hoose and caribou the natives had
eeguz to lack both food and the only
method q! travelling oveS their frozen
S04Eiry.
il was Or, Sheldon Jackson, the gov
eminent agent Of the United States blu.
reaa 81 education for the territory. who
as far bark as 1880 noticed tina, the ma
lyes Here losing this sourcs Of their
food supply, The whales had rstreated
aoItASArG. the walrus had disappeared
almost entirely, the seals were nearly
eAiermiaAIed, and even the caribou had
sled oaL
II VAS evident that famine faced the
Al&sSaEs, and so in 1901 DR., Jackson
eg0ueAt over from Siberia the first herd
Of reindeer, IL in all. The experiment
vas thought 10 be somewhat useless and
expensive but later II has been proved
that tee government aid has provided a
good means OF living and that the In
Tastment Will pay we'll In the long
The reindeer were brought from
northwest Siberia. where nature Is very
severe, and in which the ears govern
ment takes no part TO aid them. When
the importation by Uncle Sam was
found out by the Russian government
attempts were made to stop It. 1t was
then too late, rs the first herds were al
ready taking well to the native moss Of
Alaska.
This moss grows wild and 10 found in
SUFFICIENT quantity to support myriads OF
reindeer, At the regular rate OF natur-
al Increase. even il no more animals are
brought over here, theA will be plenty
OF reindeer in Alaska by natural increase
Of the imported herds.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-05-31
Poultry Culture in England.

In spite Of strong efforts made to in
crease poultry culture In England, III,
Importation Of eggs has again In
creased during the last year. amount
ing in value to go. 064 800, Is agaips
$40. 40. 900 during the ysar la02
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19
ROGUE RIVER VALLEY.

Thomas Lewmsn Of Provolt is at
present engaged in grubbing hops for
Luis.Loesch Of this place. MI. Lew
man states that crops at Provolt are
looking fine at present and and large
crops are anticipated for the season
1907. The fruit industry, he states IS
much ahead of that last season in all
parts of Josephine county, which was
in 1906 alomst total failure in many
parts of the county through neglect to
spray for this deadly pest, the SCALE
which will be hereafter protected and
the pest laws will be enforced to its
utmost by our inspector, Chas. Me-
serve, who has done more toward the
betterment of our farmers thar any
fruit inspector We ever had.
The Williams Valley, Mr.. Lewman
states in 1906 was much neglected IL
the fruit industry and there were
very few apples put on the market,
as the vast old orchards, which were
once free from pests are now de
stroyed by the lack of care, but undei
ourIpresent inspector, Chas. Meserve
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19

ton is good and sincere man, but
mining men as u rule, do ot.want
timber reserves monkeyed" with.
They figure that the timber grafters
have had their day and a "daned' y
long one. and any politician that
approves Of loophols whereby more
timber can be stolen, must not come
around at election time and try to
make mining men believe no is a
Hall Of a fallar. "
We are heartily sick of hearing
politicians tell the voters what they
want. what's the matter with vice
versa.
The latest story from the pen OF
Red Cloud" winds up with the bear
got away and the worthy people OF
Deering are making comments. Now.
honest injun. GROSS your heart, hope
to die, "Red Cloud, didn't you
kill that bear;
The smiling face of Don Morrison
was seen IA he passed over the stage
line en route from Crescent Oity to
Kerby. Don was hugging camera.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19
ID II Il II n Il
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

Beautiful sunshine and more
beautiful flowers. blessed be the rain
In this land Of ours.
Miss Julia O'Brien Is the guest OF
Mrs. Il. NJ. Albright while Mr.. Al
bright is In your city M II juror.
Mrs. ID. l. Webb and Miss Hattie
drove over to Holland the first of the
week where thoy we're callers upon
Mrs. Jack smock and Mrs Asa Nc
Vey.
wm. Payne left here last Monday
for Wolf Greek where he owns placer
mine. After tho cleanup william
will hike back to his CID home IN
Wisconsin TO visit his parents whom
he has not seen for several yo1r'.
Ike Lango started for Kolby I.ur-
day where he will undergo All opera
ton for tooth ache Ouch
We have no doubt but Seuntor Fol
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19

the fruit growers will be compelled ;.
spray their trees hereafter or cut tbsu
down.
The hop industry Of the ROp.
River Valley lie moving along picsl,
and has been much but delayed OWN.
to the bad weather which we b,vs
experienced in the past few week.
Luis Loesch, one Iof our new bo,
growers of the valley, finished aruh
bing hop Saturday and will bes;r
setting poles Monday. Mr.. LoescI
has also set out an additional yard O
six acres which is coming up and h,
will also have "a large crop of bah,
hops. The Western hop field is ala
porgessing nicely.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19

We notice the worthy Observer Is
using "deformed spelling. VIII say
that We are "deilted" for we no
its all "rite.
Mrs. L. r. Webb took the stage al
Waldo for Kerby, where she viii DO
some shopping and call upon friends.
She will islso visit for couple OF
days with Mrs. Sam Egger near
Waldo on her return trip.
The 10 year old son Of Z. NJ. Al
bright .met with severe accident
Tuesday evening while playing with
his little sisters on the woodpile. 1t
appears that he jumped and partly
fell, striking his arm in such man
ner az to either sprain or dislocate
one of the joints. The extent of the
injury is not known here, Tommie
Gilligan took the little fellow 70
Waldo Thursday where be will take
the stage for Grants Pass to seek
proper medical attendance. We
trust that Buddies hurt will not
prove serious.
Ole Oleson, on being asked hii
politics replied "Aye yust to ba ra
publikin back il Manesota, bat her'
IN Oregon aye bane nothing but
Swede "
A certain timber cruiser asked
bald headed" Dave Webb what be
t came Of his hair. Dave replied tina
. it was stolen by the timber sharks
that he protested the claims an
) proved beyond doubt tito be NOR
valuable for "stock raising thai
timber, but the officials in Roseburl
3 sustained the timber claim thereb.
, knocking out the stock ranch.
Take an appeal, Dave.
W. X. Whipple is still bringing
timber locaters into the valley, ha
3 had four in here this week. W
2 wonder if they found any, aud where
A beautiful sight to behold tn
grain fields of Mr. Egger. Thi
I shows what Josephine soil can do /
r given a proper show. Bully for 20
Sam
We would like to call the attentio
of Messrs Meserve and Carson to tn
fact that wood ticks have made thei
advent again in force. Where, o
where is that spray?
EBEN.
The old relable-The Weekly Oregonial
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19
Bids Wanted.

Bids wanted for clearing 10 10 %
acres of land near Grants Pass. Cali
on me at the Colonial Hotel, Grants
Pass, Martin Angel. 4.12 ~
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19

Hand -colored post cards of loca
views at the Music Store, two for &C.
25c per dozen.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19
COUNTY TREASURER'S
SEM.ANNUAL REPORT
Showing the Cost OF Conducting
the County's Business
for Six Months.
GENERAL FUND.

semi-annual report for six months
ending March S1st 1907;
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1907-04-19

Quick delivery-The Weekly oregonan
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1907-06-14
Compulsory Archery.

Archery was once compulsory
exercise in every English parish aft
or Sunday church. at is n worthy
game" preached Bishop Latimcr, "a
wholesome kind Of exercise and
much commended in physic." A
fine Of halfpenny for abstaining
from archery practice on Sunday
was enforced in Edward HIS reign,
and Henry Wills crack regiment,
the ycomcn Of the guard, was COM
posed entirely Of bowmen. Archery
ilourishcd some time after the intro
duction Of the hand gun, though
this had been used in England as
early as liil. This developed, in
James LIS time. into the caliver, so
called from the English misconcep-
tion of an order to supply English
soldiers with guns Of the same cali
ber' as the French pattern, and the
longbow was finally abandoned in
the civil wars.