davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-03-10
Manual Training in the
Richmond Public Schools

In introducing manual training into
our course of study we avoided the mis-
take which has been made by many
other cities. Instead of beginning at
the top and going downward, as has
often been done, we began at the bot
tom, in the lowest grades, and have
gradually moved upward through the
system. Certainly this seems to be the
logical method, and our experience has
shown it to be the wlsest.
The Kindergarten forms the founda-
ton of our system. 1t may be called
a manual training school" In the
broadcast and best sense, for here the
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-03-10

ton OF the people generally.
3. It has created pride in the teach
ers for their worn.
4. 1t has shown the teachers OF the
State that they have leaders or ability
and force.
5. 1t has won the sympathy of the
State Board of Education the State
Examining Board, and the Legislature.
8. 1t has aided materially in creating
tho present potential sentiment for
higher salaries for teachers.
Z. 1t has brought about q strong sem
timent for establishing a pension sys-
tom for superannuated teachers.
s. 1t has made the teachers strong,
compact body, and hence one OF the
great educational forces of the State.
A Word from the President.
We take this means to call upon the
, teachers and division superintendent
to cooperate with US in this great
work. The officers whose addresses
are given in this prospectus solicit COR
! respondence with teachers and superin-
| tendents. We desire to know personally
| the officers and workers of every active
association In the State. We can be
| of mutual help.
We are glad to report that new asso-
cations are being formed rapidly. Nor
folk, Winchester Emory and Henry
Faculty. and Rockbride county hav
organized recently strong associations
/ We need organizations in every county
In the language of another: 18th,
State Teachers Association eliminated
in the great conference held at Rich
mond, in November, 1906. in whicl
teachers took and held with distinction
co-equal and n coordinate position
in that mnsterly symposium, which ad
ded to the dignity and influence OF TIL
teachers profession" 1t was genera
impression that the teachers occupie
4 the centre Of the stcge" in this grea
conference.
We urge the teachers to organize /
every county, and elect delegates q
soon az convenient to our next annua
conference.
r. b. FITZPATRICK,
Pres. State Teachers Asst
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-03-10

SER IN outward action Is given freest |
play, The manual work of the kinder
garten, while necessarily very ee-
mentary In character Is fraught with
the deepest meaning and value to tho
little child; and we should remember
that
The things child doth make
May crude and worthless be;
'Ts his impulse to create,
Should gladden. thee."
In the first. four years of the ele-
mentary school the aim Is to continue
the work Of the kindergarten In a
somewhat more advanced manner. The
underlying principles OF the teachings
Of Froebel may be applied to all the
grades Of the school system; and by
thinking that they are applicable only
in the kindergarten much value has
been lost IN the way Of method.
The little pupil In these grades Is
given materials which offer little re-
slstance to manipulation, and out of
these he fashions various forms, usual
ly those which are familiar to him
through his own personal observation;
but sometimes he works to express In
| his own way his own ideas concern
| ing things he has read about In his
| school work, or that tho teacher has
| told him about. Paper, cord, clay and
| sand are the principal materials used
during the first two years; put special
material. usually gathered by tho child
| himself. la used In connection with
certain phases of the work. Free hand
cutting Is used to illustrate stories,
| familiar objects and scenes' articles
of doll ftrn.-ure, paper toys, cards,
mounts and booklets of various sorts
are made and Frequently decbraled
with an original design in pencil or col.
| ored crayon, An attempt Is made to
| connect the manual work With otner
branches taught In the grades, and
when this Is done the teachers find
that 1t Is very helpful In teaching the
other subjects. One OF she most strlk-
ing examples of this IS the use of the
sand table to teach the various natural
divisions of land and water, the chlel
geographical and top graphical feat
ures OF continents, States, etc.
j In the third ana fourth years the ma
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
Cosmopolitan America,

Is there a type of average Amert
can workman" DIR. Arthur Shad.
well, an Englishman, author of "In.
dustrial Efficiency" tells how in one
Of the older towns of Massachusetts
he witnessed a procession of cotton
operatives on strike. "They were
marshaled by nationalities with a GU
rious effect. The different types,
cheek by jowl, stood out in vivid con.
trast-the French, the familiar Eng
lish, the Celtic, the Scandinavian, the
Slav. the small Portuguese and the
swarthy Greek. Such sight can be
seen nowhere else. 1t brought be-
fore my eyes in one living picture the
amazing cosmopolitanism of Ameri.
can labor and made me think with a
smile of that convenient abstraction
but almost mythical person of whom
we have heard so much-the average
American workman"
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
$4,000 FOR A BOOK.
Early Edition of Shakespeare Brought
Fancy Price.

Nearly quarter Of a century ago
John Loveday, wellknown biblio-
.phiie of England, announced to the
literary world that in examining a
dark corner of his library, he found a
little brown volume hidden behind two
rows of books. He opened 1t, and saw
that the title of the first work in 1t
was poem by James Gresham, print
ed in 1926, on Cenci theme. At first
he thought that the book had better
be put on the fire, but on turning over
a few leaves he espied the title of the
second poem. THE Passionate Pill
CRIME; or Certain Amorous Sonnets
Between Venus and Adonis," being the
third edition. published by William
Jaggard In 1912. There were also THE
Mirror of Martyrs" 1901; THE Kings
Prophecie; or, Weeping JOY" Spen-
ser's "Britain's Ida," 1928; and John
Marston's "The Scourge of Villanie."
1898.
The value OF teh little volume, how
ever, lies in the Shakespearean poem,
and although this is of the third edi-
ton, 1t is believed that only one other
copy of that edition is extant-the
specimen in the Bodleian. The second
edition is apparently lost or the
hrst, two copies are known, one hav-
ing been found in a garret at Sir
Charles lsham's house. For some time
many collectors have been angling for
this little volume, and now the book
has been sold for $4,000. 1t is almost
unnecessary to add that the find has
gone to America, where the $3.50
Richard III" quarto. discovered at
Great Missenden, went.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
A weil.Known Remedy.

One of the Oldest, safest and most
favorably known remedies in the
world to-day is Brandreth's Pills-a
blood purifier and laxative. Being
purely vegetable, they can be used by
old or young with perfect safety, and
while other remedies require increased
doses and finally cease acting alto.
gether, with Brandreth's Pills the
same dose always has the same effect,
no matter how long they are taken.
One or two pills taken each night for
a while is the best thing known for
any one troubled with constipation, in
digestion, dyspepsia or any trouble
arising from impurity OF the blood.
Brandreth's Pills have been in use
for over a century, and are for sale
everywhere, plain or sugar-coated.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
Maud o. Thomas, Pub.
Ventilation in Winter.


II Is beginning to be more generally
realized that the overheating and
faulty ventilation Of dwellings is an
important factor in predsposing to
many forms of Illness. The custom
of living in rooms habitually kept at
a temperature above 20 degrees Fab
renheit, and with the atmosphere sur
charged with noxlous gases and def.
Client In the moisture necessary for
the health of the delicate Innings OF
the air passages, renders the body
much less able to resist the effects of
exposure to cold and wet and is one
of the most important reasons why, In
some families, coughs and colds are
matters of everyday occurrence. The
stufilness of the air produced by the
presence of numerous people in small
rooms is due not only to the consump-
ton of oxygen and the accumulation
OF carbon dioxid gas, but also to the
formation In small quantities of
highly poisonous substance called
'crowd-poison." In addition, noxious
gases arise from the imperfect com
bustion of coal In stoves or furnaces
and of gas or oil in other forms of
Iheaters, while the air in steam-heated
apartments is always abnormally dry
unless special pains are taken to sup
ply the necessary moisture. Living in
such rooms is productive of general
depression, headache, inability to con.
centrate the thoughts and bad tenn
per, and is particularly harmful for
children. whose bodily and mental de.
velopment is interfered with, and who
are rendered very susceptible to dis
eases OF thet nose, throat and lungs.
Owing to the means of heating and
the increased amount Of artificial IL
Elimination, says the Youths, Compan-
fon, the frequent airing of rooms is
even more essential In winter than in
summer, and Mt least once day fresh
air from outdoors should be allowed
to circulate through each room. II
tho apartment must be occupied while
this Is done, thorough ventilation is
possible without danger by resoyt to
an old and simple, but very effective.
plan. A board about six inches wide
Is cut SO that It's length equals the
width OF the window, and is placed on
the edge under the lower sash, which
Is shut down upon 1t. In this way air
enters freely through the space be-
tween the two sashes. but the current
Is directed upward. and no draft Is
felt In the room. 1t should not be for
gotten that the ideal plan permits the
escape of the stale air at the same
time that fresh air is being admitted.
and that an open fireplace in opera.
tion forms one of the most satisfac-
tory means of household ventilation.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03

and John c. Fremont, Jr., is an ensign
in the navy.
Probably the direct line in the army
and navy has been more faithfully
maintained in the latter branch by the
family of Selfridge than any other
The first Selfridge, Thomas Olive,
was a master when that rank had pc.
culiar duties aboard ship. Our navy
In It's early days was a reproduction
Of the English service and the Office of
a master was taken over with other
ranks. The master stored cargo, saw
TO the water supplies, checked the
acquisitions in the several depart
ments of the boatswain, gunner, car
penter, and sailmaker. He was a non
motion to flag rank but he was the
real sailorman when the crews of
men-of-war were fighting men rather
than seamen.
Back to Colonial Days.
The first Selfrldge served with the
Barry in Colonial times. His son, also
Thomas o. Selfridge, entered the navy
in 1893 and became a commodore in
1S43, serving until 1868. The COM
modore's son, also Thomas Oliver
Selfridge, entered the service in 1882
and lived till within a few years,
dying a rear admiral
His son, also Thomas o. Selfridge.
born in 1886, entered the navy in 1850,
graduated at the head of his class in
1854, was a lieutenant on the Cumber-
land when she was sunk by the Mer-
rimac. served at Vicksburg, com
manded the Huron in both attacks on
Fort Fisher, served as chief of sur
veys on the Isthmus of Darien, COM
manded the European squadron 1896
9S. retired in April or the latter year
as rear admiral and lives in Wash
ington in honored dignity, old age
and distinguished services. His son,
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
COFFEE IMPORTERS
Publish a Book About Coffee.

There has been much discussion as
to Coffee and Postum lately, so much
in fact that some of the coffee import.
ers and roasters have taken to type
to promote the sale of their wares
and check If possible the rapid growth
OF the use Of Postum Food Coffee.
In the coffee importers book chap
ter is headed Coffee as Medicine"
and advocates its use as such.
Here is an admission of the truth,
most important to all interested.
Every physician knows, and every
thoughtful person should know, that
habitual use Of any medicine" of the
drug-stimulant type of coffee or whis.
ky quickly causes irritation of the
tissues and organs stimulated and
finally sets up disease in the great
majority Of cases If persisted in. It
may show in any one of the many
organs of the body and in the great
majority of cases can be directly
traced to coffee in a most unmistak.
able way by leaving OFF the active ir.
ritant-coffee-and using Postum
Food Coffee for a matter of ten days.
II the result is relief from nervous
trouble, dyspepsia, bowel complaint.
heart failure, weak eyes, or any other
malady set up by poisoned nervous
system, you have your answer with
the accuracy OF demonstration In
mathematics.
There's reason" for Postum.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
Bacterial.

The discovery of bacterial life, and
the reduction of its activity to order
and place In our Industrial systems,
Is romantic chapter In Applied Sci
ence. One of the tasks to which these
hard-working little cells have been
most lately set is connected with that
urgent problem of urban life. the dis.
lposal of sewage. Sewage not only
teens with disease-producing germs,
but its solid part is composed largely
pf organic matter. The natural"
breaking down of organic matter is
Through putrefaction. process both
disagreeable and dangerous to health.
by the aid of bacteria this process of
organic chemistry is now replaced by
process of inorganic chemistry. In
loose terms, the sewage rusts instead
of rotting, is nitrified instead of putre-
fled. The existence of bacteria which
have the power of converting organic
matter into inorganic nitrates have
been known for some time, and with.
in few years they have been used
to revolutionize one side of the sci
ence of sanitary engineering. The
modern sewage-disposal plant con.
sists, essentially, of heap OF rocks
covered with film OF these bacteria.
The sewage flows on to it a stream of
unsmaginable impurity. The bacteria
seize upon the filth and cleanse the
liquid, and from beneath the heap
flows pure water laden with harmless
salts.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03

ly 100 years, dropped out and reap
peared after an interval of a genera
ton.
Professor Dennis Mahan occupied
for many years the chair of mathe-
MATES at West Point. His brother is
Captain Alfred T. Mahan, of the navy,
retired, the authority on naval strategy
and the author of Sea Power" Pro-
fessor Mahans son is Dennis H. Ma
han, captain in the navy. A sum-
mary showing the occupation of par
ents of cadets at West Point from
1850 to 1900 proved that 3S2 were
officers of the army aand 60 officers
Of the navy. A similar table prepared
about the same time and for the same
period for Annapolis showed that 200
midshipmen were sons of naval Off
GERS and 154 sons of army officers,
and only the profession of lawyers
had contributed more sons to both
services.
Worthy Sons of Great Fathers.
1t was Macaulay who said of a noble
house of Scotland that it's virtues
grew by repetition through genera
tons, and there could be no doubt
of the fact that, with reference to
this family, eventually, the world as
we know it would become too common
for the Argyles. But that was only
a political diatribe. So long as the
army and navy breeds in direct line
through generations, and men arise
like Admiral Casey, Captain Rogers,
General Fred Grant, Admiral Taylor,
the Lees, the Frenchs, the Quinbys,
the Crowninshields and the Cromwells,
no better source could be found at
which to recruit our list of future
admirals and generals. They have
the best historic associations to in
spire them. Our army and navy may
indeed through their maternity seek
an aristocracy, but in their paternal
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
FIGHTING FAMILIES
EVEN TO THE THIRD AND FOUpTH
GENERATION IN THE ARMY AND NAVY.

Nearly all the people of the army
and navy have history back of them.
Their own sons are representatives
OF their distinguished slres passing
through adolescence to the same rank
and equal or higher honors. Some.
times In fact most times, they miss
It, But enough of them attain rank
and place to hold their families in
distinctive position and we have pre-
sented to our social life two phases
Of persistently recruited aristocracy-
the army and the navy.
IL is quite reasonable that admirals
should beget captains and that gener-
ais should be the stem upon which
colonels and majors grow but In our
American service they bud perenni-
ally. Not infrequently they give new
luster to the family tree, more often
they do not, and like limbs of a
great oak whose stock is established.
they are only branches whose source
of existence is the splendid trunk that
holds them up.
The civil war broke up many lines
that mad been previously maintained,
among them the Perrys, who gave two
distinguished admirals, from Rhode
lsland-Oliver Hazard Perry and his
brother, William c. Perry, who
carried our flag with honor to Japan.
Each had sons who followed their dis
tingulshed sires into the navy. But
the family drifted into Georgia and
She civil war broke up the line only
to be renewed again at later period
when two more of that name appear
again on the navy llst-Thomas Perry,
a captain, and another descendant,
Newman X. Perry, junior lieuten-
ant with more assured rights as des-
cendant of Oliver Hazard Perry, Of
Lake Erie.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
Treatment of Habitual Criminals

The New Zealand minister for jus.
tice has introduced the habitual Grim
inals and offenders BILL which pro.
vides that where a person has been
twice convicted of a criminal assault
or four times of wounding, robbery or
burglary, he may be regarded as an
habitual criminal and at the expira.
tion of his sentence detained in a re-
formatory.
After six convictions for vagrancy a
man may be treated in the same way.
Discharge from the reformatory will
be secured only on the recommends
tion of the court, while the detained
offenders will be made to work and
wages will be placed to their credit
or toward the support of their depend.
entS,
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
Much Dead" Mail Matter,

More than 100000 pieces Of mail
went astray in the Uunited States last
year because they were not directed
even well enough for the experts to
decipher the names and addresses
Millions of this immense total went to
the Dead Letter ONCE, where a lot of
1t was opened, the addresses of the
writer's ascertained and the letters or
packages returned But in a great
many cases the writer's address is
never found and the letter is really
dead"
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
Workman's Pride at Rest,

Joseph Mowbray, who was building
a chimney at the Westwood church,
Kalkaska, having raised it to the
height of 25 feet. and run out of brick
descended to the ground. He had
scarcely done SO when lightning
struck the church. The point where
Joe would have been, had he re-
manned, was that at which the bolt
did some of its worst work. Joe feels
grateful for being out of brick, as had
he been killed at work he would al.
ways have thought Providence dis.
satisfied with the job, and Joe prides
himself that no man this side of Jor.
dan can build better chimney than
he.-Detroit News.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03

Announcement from Berlin that the
slaughtering of dogs for food in Prus.
sia increased SS per cent and that
OF horses 10 per cent, during the last
year goes to show that the hunger for
the natural meat food is more intense
than ever before. These statistics
VIII be used by those who are agitat.
ing for the opening of the frontiers
to the importation of foreign cattle as
indicating the necessity for immedi.
ate government action toward giving
the working people cheaper food, and
well they may.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03
His Monument

There has been set in a cemetery
In Orwell, Oswego county, N. Y, as
the memorial of lumberman, framed
of granite and marble, the exact re
production in miniature of a sawmil
In the town of Redfield, which was
owned by the deceased.
On the scale of an inch to the foot
the mill is complete in every detail
being provided with saws, carriages
rollers to carry off the sawed lumber
skids with three logs placed thereon
ready to roll on the carriage car
which is loaded with lumber.
So one man has escaped from the
conventional angel With outspread
wings, the recumbent sheep, and all
the rest.-Springfield Republican.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1907-01-03

more firmly entrenched in the army.
Lighthouse" Harry Lee held a COM
| mission IN the Colonial service; the
name appears In all subsequent army
lists until the civil war, when 1t is
| shown as Robert Il. Lee, general Of
| the Confederacy. After that there is
hiatus, but we find the family again
named and distinguished in the per-
son of the late Consul General at
Cuba, Fitzhugh Lee, and in half doz-
en- more in both services. In both
branches the name of Lee appears as
Illustrating the permanency of this
distinguished name. 1t has been
borne by members of the family by
"a officers of the army and 16 of the
navy. The remotest relation was that
of second cousin, the highest ranks
were by two admirals and eight gen.
erals.
Since General Gates fought the bat
tie of Saratoga his name is preserved
without break by lineal descendants
in the army and navy, and so, too,
is that of Greene and Schuyler, and
with break of a generation that of
Arnold, the latter in the army.
The civil war started new families.
Ulysses s. Grant is represented by
son, General Frederick ID. Grant, and
grandson, Lieutenant Ulysses s.
Grant, Sd.
Great Names In Both Services.
Other generals perpetuated their
names in both services. w. L. Pit
cher entered the Naval Academy In
1868, obliged" in his third class year,
entered the army by Presidential APP
pointment as a second lieutenant. and
is now lieutenant colonel of the
Twenty-eighth infantry. His father
was superintendent of West Point,
having served with Grant, and while
in that Office his second son, John Pit
cher, entered as a cadet, graduated,
and is now major in the Sixth cav
airy. In the same class at Annapolis
with w. l.. Pitcher entered John c.
Fremont, son of the General and Path
finder. He graduated, and is now
nearly at the head of the command
ers' list. His brother, Francis p.
Fremont, is gradual, OF West Point
and a major in the regular army.