davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-03-06
Session del 4, por Ia nOths
(CoNcLusIoN).

kAONAt GoloN j.
Sigue el debate sobre el II. B.
no SO, c1eando el cargo de auxiliar
del Registrador de la Propiedad de
San Juan.
III senor Tizol, miembro de la
Comisi6n dc legislation, defende el
dictamtn enlilido por @sta, y consi-
dera justo que Sc nomhre Ell Regis
trador auxiliar.
En- la seccion a hace Ell senior
Tizol una enmienda, con la cual es
aprobada la secci6n.
Fl seiior Was introduce dos
enmien1as EN- la session s.; que Sc
supriman del proyecto los dos llbros
diarios que Sc le exigen llevar al
Registrador; que Sc retire del pro-
yecto la facultad que Sc da al Re-
gistrador para nombrar sus emplea
dos auXiliares, porque este va esta
dentro de sus propias atribuciones.
| Ambas cnmicndas son aceptadas
pr mayoria. La session queda
aprobada.
La Comision de Hacienda in
forma sin enmiendas, el H. B. 90.
Ell schor Viaslo recomienda. FL Sc
nor Tizol 10 impugna. Puesto q vo
taci6n el proyecto queda aprobado
LA Comisi6n de Legislation infor
ma con enmiehdas Il H. B. II. +
seiior Colberg hace una enmlenda
Ell seiior Tizol considera inaplicabl'
esta ley y propone una contraen
mienda, pidiendo Sc suprimiera de
proyecto 10 que refere de que serl
REQ de miSdemeaAoY toda person
que, padeciendo de un NAL venert
y contagioso, maliciosa y volunta
riamente inhcionara a otra.
Dice que este no podria adlvl
mario nadie nj podrla saberse cuar
do existiera la malicla para comete
ese delito, pudiendo ocurrir que un
persona inocente, que infccionara
otra, ,porque dudaba de que estuvier
enferma, podria verse bajo la acus;
cion de un delito ell el cual ha Incl
rrido sin la menor malicia. Pide qr
esa adicion Sc suprima del proyect'
Puesta a votacion la contraenmiel
da del seflor Tizol queda desech
da. Aprobadas las demas seccione
el proyecto queda aprobado en-
lectura.
A petici6n del seiior Tizol
levant6 la session a las diez pa
continuarla alas p. III.
FL speaker suplica a los sen
res que forman las comislones pc
manentes de la Camara activen S
Iinformes sobre los proyectos som
ttdos a SUI estudio, fundandose
que han sido aprobados ell el dia
bills Y es necesario que haya nuev
proyectos para la orden del dia'
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-03-06
Petici0neS

Don Rodolfo Alfonso solicitan-
do una subvenci6n para If a estu-
diar a los Estados Unidos.
Don Juan Marfulleda, recOr-
dando a la Camara la resoluclon de
otra petici6n que presento anterior
mente.
Varios vecinos dc Guayanilla
solicitando Sc acceda a 10 solicitadc
Dor el Concejo de Pehuelas respec-
to a la proyectada carretera de Pom.
ce a Yauco, recomendada por e
Conceio Municipal de Peluelas.
Ell Concejo Municipal de Ba-
yam6n para evitar ell 10 possible G
uso de bebidas alcoholics.
Varios propietarios de Guaya
nilla solicitando que cualquiera que
sea el trazado dc la carretera er
proyecto dc Yauco a Ponce, past
Dor Ia zona urbana de Penuelas.
FL Concyjo Municipal de La
res oponiGniose al bill de Conda-
dos.
Pyoyectos dc Ley de la Cdmara
In n lectnra
II. B. is. PoT el seiior vi
1as. para cnmendar Ii S cci6n 81
lie la Ley Municipal Vigente.o
Pyorectos de Ley de Ia Cdmara
eR p kc'Nra,
H. B. t44. Por los seiiore
Torres y Santiago. aPara eumen
dar las secciones 50 y rs de- la lie!
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-03-06

/ La Sehora Frances Wilson, Gale Nell
son No. 2SDClin ton, Mass, tiene Ia ama-
bildad de informarnos respecto al 6xito
con que tom6 nuestro preparado.
"Si me huberarl visto cuando estaba
cnferma, y 81 me vieran ahora, no le
extraharia porque es que tan altamente
recomicndo Ia Peruna.
"Padecf de un resfriado muy severe
que atac6 los bronquius y los pulmones,
"Scgui sus instruccicnes Y desputs de
haber tornado seis frascos de Peruna, me
sen:ia 1ompletamente bien.
"Yo creo que la Peruna es un remcdio
maravilloso."
Todo rosfriado, tos, bronquitis, larin.
gifts tonsilitis debieran ser curados
como catarro, pues en- verdad son
catarros.
FL exito Gle la Peruna. al curar estas
intermediates dependo de que la Peruna
es un remedio para el catarro.
Cura ell catarro en- cualquier parte del
sistcma. In la gafganta, en- los tubos
bronquales en- los pulmones.
Ha libraC de la tisis q multitud de
---'---'--1-' personals, simple
81 EVtIU mente curando eI
"A TlcIS catarro antes de
-,s.,....,..,.......,. que llegara los
pulmoncs.
FL catarro lie la cab.ga 6 ell de la gargan
ta trata siempre de extenderse hacia los
pulmones.
81 Sc toma tempo Ia Peruna. ovitart
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-03-06

pIleA NCbADi@SSA AAA SA~NC~N~ ~ 4
bierno local y para otros fines, apro-
bada Ell Mario 8 de I,oo6.s
II. B. I45. Por el senior Was
Ochoteco. aPara proveer al esta-
blecimiento de IN presidio eu Vie
quesn
H. ]. r. +. Por los sehorcs
Torres y Diaz Brlnck. "Relativa
al pago de diferencia de sueldos al
Marshal de la Corte Municipal de
Coamo.n
Los tres anteriores Proyectos
de Ley, ell p lectura, pasaron a las
Comisiones respectivas para ser in
formados.
Pgyeetos de ley del Consejo EJecuti-
10 en- q y p lectuya.
Fueron lefdos dos veces, por
sus tftulos, para que pasen a ser in
formados por las comisiones res
pectivas, los siguientes:
Substitute al c. B. IS, por la
comisi6n de Hacienda y Presupues-
to, titulado: aDisponiendo el exa-
men y comprobaci6n de reclama-
clones contra el Gobierno y el Pue-
bio de Puerto Rico, antes del pago
de las mismas, y para otros tines.O
c. B. So, por el senior Post, IL
tulado: aPara auxiliar al muuicipio
de- Naguabo.D
{. B. 81, por el senior Feullle,
titulado: oAutorizaudo d los MEM
| bros de Ia Comision de la Pollcla
Insular y a los ohciales de la fuerza
| de Policta Insular para tomar jura-
mentos en- determinados casos.O
P,oyectos de ley en- 81 lectura.
}, Fueron votados defnitivamen
te y quedaron aprobados por la ca
mara, para ser enviados al Consejc
Executive, los siguientes;
H. B. 40, titulado; ePara /;
construction de dos pueutes Ell 10
sitios denominados aBoca Grapde
/ y aBoquillan, Ell Ell barrio de aBo
quer6no, de Cabo Rojo.p
H. c. so, titulado: aCreando {
: cargo de Registrador de la Propie
dad auxiliar para el Registro de |
T. Propiedad de San Juan y para otro
fnes.D
Il H. B. 63, por el senior Diaz
> titulado: aPara reglamentar el pag
= de los haberes de los profesores d
Instruction publica,0
81 H. B. II titulado; aPara adj
a cionar el articulo 270 del C6dlg
Penal de Puerto Rico y para otrc
J. 6nesD.
r H. B. 50 titulado: oLey pal
IS derogar las secciones 4 y 7 de 1od
E Mario de 1902 intitulada aLey 81
N bre recursos contra las Resoluci,
20 mes de los Registradores de la Pr
oS piedad.o
H. B, So titulado; aAutorizal
do al Comisionado del Interior p
ra la venta por pdblica subasta {
ciertos pantanos llamados los ma
;; glares de Martin Peiia.D
i6I H. B. SO titulado: "Para e
mendar la secci6n a de la Ley tit
lada, aLey asignando sueldo a
Registradores de la Propiedad y F
" ra otros fneso, aprobada en- 10
- Mario de 1904,
II. B. 81 titulada: rPara e
u meudar la secci6n 3 de la Ley T
ue collar compilada de Puerto RiC
"a apfobada el II de Mario de 1903
para otros fnes.n
Nd H. B. 95 titulado: OPara la {
w lebraci6n de un Concurso Regior
&C. de productos agrfcolo industriale:
'n- materias que de ellos Sc derive
ei exposition de modelos y artefacI
de la industria y de la agricultr
ID nacionales y eXtranjeros; creac
ei mes de Museo Q EXposiciones p
manentes de dichos productos y
va tefactos, y para otros fines.
~ II. B. Io4 titulado: aLey ps
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-03-06
CAMARA DE DELEGAD0S

dar una Ley titulllA aL4y creando
ell cargo dc NJ shai dc Distrito, de-
fnielfdo sus deberes y fijando su
sueldo por el dcsempefo de los mis-
mos, aprobada Ell MARI, 10, 1904.
c. B, ~. aP.ra enm .nslar una
Ley titulada M.cy cleando el cargo
de Secretario del Tribunal dc dis
trito, deh.iietllo sus deberes y fijan-
do su su-ldo por ell desemp.ho de
los mismosa, aprobada en- Mario 10
1904.
Mtoymes de Comlsioues b,vmGnentes
Fueron sometidos q la conside-
raci6n de la Cam ira los siguientes:
-, La Comision Dc Obras Publ.
cas- informa los siguientes proyec-
tos de ley; H. B. 3, IS, 2t Al, 49,
+, 81, 81, 62, 78, s., 95, 9S, 81, 100,
IoI, Io2, 1903. II2, 1I6, 100 y Z.
J B. II.
La Conisi6n de Tnstituciones,
| de terrcnos pdblicos y minas, infor-
ma los siguientes proyectos de ley:
: H. B. AZ, Ile y I25.
La Conisiou de- Hacienda in
forma los proyectos de ley H. B.
} no y II. J. X. S,
y La Comision de Slnidad infor-
: ma ell H. B. IIS.
} La Comision de Legislation in
forma el H. B. IS.
Dichos informes, por acuerdo
: de la Cam IRA, pasan a la orden del
A dia por su turno correspondence.
4 Mfoymss d. CoWisioaes bsrmaaeAtes
: La conisiou de Conferencils 4
que fue referidl Ia consideration de
las diferencias surgidas entire ambas
l. Camaras sobre el proyecto de ley
/ del Conscjo Executive nGmero 30
10 titulado aPara enmendar la secci6n
50 de la Ley E,colar Compilada de
Ia Puerto RicoO, informa que habieu-
IS do considerable dicho asunto ha lie
aa gado q uu acuerd) en- Ia introduc-
o. cion de enniendas. Firinan el in
forme los sen ores Carlos NJ Soler,
81 Carlos Diaz Brink y Jose de Eliza
e. buru, por la Camara, y los seiiores
Ia R. P. FAlkner, R. del Vale y Jose
rs c. Barbosa, por el Consejo.
81 senior Soler pide a la CANA
ra concurra con las enmiendas y
70 Isou aprobadas por uuanimidad.
de Oyden del dta
La Comision de Hacienda in
IL lorna con enmiendas el H. B. no.
yoIE sefior Soler, uno de los autores
os del proyecto, recomienda a la Ca
mara 10 apruebe. Puesto a vota-
ra ci6n es aprobado Ell "a lectura.
del La Comisi6n de Legislation in
90 forma con enmienda Ell H. B. 36.
TO- ISe pone 4 discussion el dictamen.
% Los seiiores Santoni y Vifias intro
Queen enmiendas en- la seccion r.
n 81 sefior Santoni propone ID
"a SUPPRESSION de la secci6n "a y es apro
de bado.
IN FL sehor Tizol propone tn'
nueva secci6n para sustituir la g }
en- es aprobada.
tu- 81 sehor Vidas pide Sc supri
los ma la secci6n a y Sc acuerda.
pa 81 senior Tizol pide que Ell pro
de yecto vuelva de nuevo a la Conf
sion y asi Sc aprueba.
ell La Comisi6n de Hacienda, ID
Es- forma con enmiendas el H. B. III
co, Ell senior Matienzo 10 recomienda
3 y la Camara.
Ell senior Muioz Rivera mani
ce- fiesta que este bill, proportions
nal grandes ventajas, porque trata d
S y levantar una institution favorabl
Ell: para el pals como es la liga antitu
,tos berculosa de Puerto Rico, la cual
ura cambio de 500 dollars mensuale
eio- que Sc le asigna como subvenci6n
Der autoriza el soStenimiento de 28 en-
ar fermos pobres en- su sanatorio, gu
Sc levantata en- Santurce. Pide tam
ara bien, por clio, que la Camara l
- o0r41oha
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-03-06
Ss,i6n del 5, pr la tards

Empieza a las a y 80 p IN.
Concurren IS delegados, A peti-
ci6n del senior Trelles Sc suspendio
la lectura del acta.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-03-06

personals, simple
mente curando ell
catarro antes de
que llegara q los
New-York tribune., 1907-10-06

r 4. A. BRENEMAN.
PETER 7. AUSTEN,
HENRY CARMICHAEL,
WALTER s. HAINES.
CHARLES T. MABERY,
SAMUEL L. SADTLER.
{ SAMUEL {. PRESCOTT,
! +. +. SMITH.
{ WILLIAM r. CLARK,
! JAMES +. KEMP.
New-York tribune., 1907-10-06

figure Of a man-from the Louvre. He asked the
''He feels bad" said one boy. and Or. Elliott
thought ne was making fast progress.
4 Ions silence Of tense thought I,,.,. ri. o,s..
when in SWimmin.'
Chelsea had translated art into terms of its
and lessons about which the young people on the
East Side are enthusiastic. Masculine Chelsea
dump-and feminine Chelsea liked TO crafty its in
nate charitable sense by helping neighbors who
We're worse of than themselves.
So the Hudson Guild provided athletics-boxing.
the drst step toward Stimulating the social and
civic spirit On the educational side it was hard
but the boys didn't want to make little toys.
that the carpentry class build a house for her
study carpentry The house was butt in 's short E
order. and the old woman was housed in water
Then the boys determined to build "a large doll
hospitals This was done and the girls in the
sewing classes provided dolls and home made fur
ing classes The cooking classes became popular
through similar concrete applications. and shortly
was working hard for something, even if Il was
only for a good time for the entire membership for
sether than separately.
Sres FINALLY tbe motbers enSuse b, over the lect,
Chelsea-they wanted to do things themselves
heip ther nelghbors TO fight for cleaner streets TO
to nay for another kindergarten class The usual
n3lI provided the first funds. and the mothers
club since has contributed hundreds OF dollars Tor
this purpose. - N'''iS t'i
Tt STStL-sIVerning and run by the people themselves
diiuD Ine ciuD is managed by council composed OF
utlesdtsS elected by each of the club orgonizo-
tba coo Inc head worker has the veto power but
Iue cOuhcli can repasS anything IL wants The
council can even impeach the workers The t5ss
an tie guid is 10 provide Institution which will
i lt.tte tle Workings OF real democracy It's
Purpose Is TO serve as means for the district 10
carry on its own relief and Improvement aetivitIss
ana ana as sort of clearing house to turn informa
canta Sum into action The guild has its district
Cssaptdns-V volunteer workers-on every block N is
s shelr business 10 find out when and where there
- T an opportunity for help. And these CAPTAINS
tiolIi the inside can learn about their n.f1h
tSe fhan d an outsider would dream Of And wien
tngy hIlu trouble. the guild has the machinery For
heip In this way last summer war was Waeed
on d ihlant mortality and bad milk and on consunp-
uon And many lives were saved P
A"o huoson Guild, however, has outgrown its old
New-York tribune., 1907-10-06

roent school at Cairo one OF the government in
spectors, who happened at the same time TO be
a distinguished professor at El-AZhar Uih-
versity, delivered a notable address, in which ne
insisted that it a mistake TO maintain that
Mahometanism and progress were irrecOnciable.
He declared that since the learning OF the west
was originally derived from Oriental and in
many instances from Moslem sources, Mahom-
etans might accept with open arms Western in
struction since the latter constituted. so 10
speak, a return of their own domestic wares.
Perhaps the best illustration of these principles
propounded by the speaker is TO be found in the
fact that the great increase in the demand for
government instruction the pait of the Ma
hometans in Egypt, where the rtate schools
nowadays are overcrowded, have not led to any
dininution of their religious belief and to con-
sequent Ill will the part of the Mosem clergy
and of the teachers at El-Azhar University.
If anything. modern learning seems to augment
rather than TO decrease the devotion of Ma
hometans to the faith of their fathers. The
English have found this in India in connection
with all those Moslem princes and mobiles who
have received their education either at the
hands OF British instructors in the Deccan or
else at schools and universities in England. and
many is the native gentleman who, after grad
uatng from oxford from Cambridge. has
subsequently made the pilgrimage to Mecca and
TO Medina convinced that by so doing he was
promoting his prospects of eternal salvation.
It is largely because the teachers at the great
University of El-Azhar have become
WINGED through these and other means that
Mahometanisin is reconcilabe with Western
learning, that far from condemning, they accord
their appreciation to the government schools at
Cairo and look upon them and upon European
and American schools and universities with good
Will Moreover, the intolerance of orthodox
Islam has been greatly exaggerated. For, what
other building devoted to divine worship has
witnessed such scenes the ancient Mosque of
Amroo. which is still ancient than
El-AZhar, and where Moslems, led by the
Ulema; Christians of every confession led by
their bishops and patriarchs, and Hebrews, fol-
lowing their reciters and rabbis, have frequently
assembled to bow in unison to that one God
whom they all worship, to beseech Him for
that high Nile, the faoure of which spelled ruin
famine and pestilence to the land? Moreover,
when Ahmed lbn Tuloon, Of Egypt's most
famous rulers felt the approach of death he e.
quested that his co-religionists, with their Ko-
ran; the Christians, with their Gospels, and the
Jews, with their Pentateuch and Psalms should
assemble in the stately mosque that still bears
his name and which he erected on the Rams
Hill at Cairo $50 called because, accord
Ing TO traditions 1t was the scene of Abraham's
projected sacrlflce Of Isaac) in order pray for
the welfare OF his soul; nor were there any
more fervent prayers offered up for the recov-
ey of the late Queen Victoria than those that
took place in every mosque of India during her
last illness.
New-York tribune., 1907-10-06

the mosques He is to all inteuts and purposes
the primate Of the Moslem Church IN Egypt oc-
cupyinS much the same ecclesiastical position
ceives a stipend of about $4,000 year from
the state managed endoWments of the univer-
sity, and possesses official residence in the
shape of a beautiful old Arab palace.
With regard to the endowments for the main
tenance of the teachers and the pupils. which
are supplemented by gifts and contributions
from those localities whence the students are
most frequently sent, they administered by
the WalSf, the one department of the Egyptian
government which has escaped foreign supervi-
sion and interference and which is under ex-
clusively native control The property Of the
Wakf Is very extensive. representing as IL does
donations. beQuests and the possessions Of
mosques and of religious establishment that
have for one reason or another ceased to exist
. Until the beginning of the nineteenth century
the administration was wholly ecclesiastical
But Mehemet Ali, the founder of the present
khedivial dynasty, found that there was so
much acknowledgement and consequent loss that
ne took over the direction of all the endoy-
ments. thereby vastly increasing the university's
resources, which he still further supplemented
IN the most generous manner from his own
corers. The money which he thus gave was
Wen spent For the right thus secured TO ad-
minister the property of the university endowed
MIN with a preponderant influence over the
deSllhles or the principal centre of Moslem
culture Moslem thought and Mosem learning
New-York tribune., 1907-10-06
CHELSEA TOWN HALL.
Nc7o Home for Hudson Guild
House an WeSt 27th Street.

The doors of old Chelseas village clubhouse at
No 252 West 26th street. which haven't been closed
for many years. are within twelve months to be
closed for good For the people of old Chelsea are
to move into a new town hall-an imposing $4,000
fve-story. ireproof structure of Colonial effect.
which is TO face Chelsea Park in West 9th
street. The cornerstone will be laid on October Il.
The name of the club is the Hudson Guild House.
and for thirteen years 1T has been the civic phan-
thropic social ana educational centre Of the COM
munity which lives in the and queer old
fashioned houses between the dump and Sixth
avenue. It has been the gathering place of mothers
and fathers. of young men and women of children
and babies for thirteen years 1t has housed fifty
neighborhood organizations II has educated hun
dreds of boys and girls in industrial subjects or
kindergarten pleasures 1t has taught hundreds of
become such a centre OF village news and of Chel-
seas civic and social activities that it has out
to move into spacious place with ample
chinery for its fifteen hundred members to work
for neighborhood betterment
Folks who do not not live in old Chelsea who have
dren. call the Hudson Guild Settlement. 1t has
its head worker, Dr. John Lovejoy Elliott, and it's
regular staff of four men and five women workers.
and II has the gymnasiums, classes and clubs COM
mon to the Settlement But the people of old Chel-
sea knew It Is not a Settlement-it is their town
ea1 = er run IS help to pay pay for II vote in It. and
peachng him The Hudson Guild is not matter
established by the classes for the masses-none of
masses The guild is one of the useful pieces of
pubic machinery for the transaction of the peoples
along with the water supply and the Health De
partment as a valuable public agency. Therefore,
they are giving balls and picnics and contributing
their own small savings to raise the s20O0O needed
TO put the building up free of debt.
Already 10000 has been raised for the town hall,
given IN part TO be sure. by fellow citizens who
live elsewhere in more fashionable neighborhoods,
but also contributed by the wOrkmen and work
women. and even the children. of old Chelsea. who
nave given largely of their And there is
lively canvass on for more funds; Old Chelsea is
going down into its pockets and the workers
seeking the aid of fellow citizens elsewhere. For
while the building is to be erected and opened, IL
may have to face mortgage, and old Chelsea
doesn't like mortgages which are altogether too
much like pawn tickets on large scale.
The Hudson Guild House started thirteen years
with somewhat disastrous lecture on art
DIR. Elliott and other workers had gone down there
TO do social work. DIR. Elliott thought lectures
would be the best way. He started with class OF
boys Among other things after his talk he showed
them q photograph Of "Despar'-a nude recumbent
New-York tribune., 1907-10-06

theme and then 10 explain and expound IL -
corcing To his own lights.
/ have described El-AZhar above the head
quarters of Mosem orthodoxy. The latter is
perhaps misleading expression in this In
stance. For all sorts of sects and rites OF the
faith Of the Prophet are represented at the uni
versity. There at least a dozen great schools
represented by students and professors who.
bound together only in their common belief in
Allah and I'm his Prophet Mahomet, entertain
the most contradictory terets and doctrines.
Realizing however, that they all endeavor-
ing TO obtain salvation though by different
routes and methods. they work side by side in
the utmost amty and tolerance for one another.
and IL is a thing OF daily occurrence for two
professors OF different sects 10 be sitting back
to back by the same pillar Interpreting the same
chapter of the canon law according 10 the
tagonistc conceptions of their respective schools.
The sect most largely represented at El-Azhar
Is that of the Hanafees. from among whom the
Sheikh-el-Azhar. warden of the university.
and the Sheikh- l-Ciami. Its president. and the
Primate Of Islam in Egypt are always chosen.
The Hanafees are the sect OF Moslems that are
most distinguished for their freedom of thought.
their liberalism and their progressiveness. 1t is
fortunate thing for Western nations owning
Moslem dependencies that the Hanafees should
occupy the commanding role at the great Uni
versty Of El-Azhar. the focus Of Mosem faith
and learning II is fortunate, too, for the future
of Islam. EX-ATTACHE.
New-York tribune., 1907-10-06
AN IMPORTANT INSTITUTION

Some notion of the Importance of El-Azhar
may be formed when II is stated that the
registered students from all parts of the MosIem
world. from Morocco, on the shores of the At
iantic; from China and from the Malay in
twelve thousand, while the state registered fac.
ulty consists Of close upon four hundred sheiks
The stipends of the latter are relatively small
amounting to about $40 a month: but the
professors usually manage to add to their re-
sources by acting as imams preachers muf-
tees, etc. They have to submit TO tests of
proficiency organized by the senior members
of the faculty and requiring the ratification of
the government, which controls their promotion
from the lower TO the higher grades The high
est grade, which is very difficult to attain num
bers less than dozen professors all of whom
on their appointment receive firman. or dipIo-
ma, from the Khedive, along with a robe of
honor. Above them all is the Sheikh-el-C;ami
a title which may be translated as principal of