The evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1907-1908, 1907-09-27
POWER INCREASE
IT HAS BEEN ENORMOUS IN
FIVE-YEAR PERIOD.
Is Largest in Electricity, and in States
Having Big Manufacturing
Establishments.

WASHINGTON. Sept. 2T-The bureau Of
the census has just issued bulletin IS, which
Is a report on the power employed IN
manufactures. This report, which forms
part of the census OF manufactures of 1905,
contains the statistics for the calendar
year 1901. and was prepared under the
supervision Of William M. Steunrt, chief
statistician for manufactures, by Thomas
Coinmerford Martin. expert special agentq
The total power employed In manufac-
lures, according to this report, was 14,64i.z-
544 horsepower. To this amount steam enS3
gines contributed 1o.s2S, Ill horsepower. pr
73.9 per cent; water wheels, 1,647, $50 horse
power. or lib per cent; electric power,
owned or rented, 1,592, 4s3 horsepower, or
1913 per cent; gas or gasoline engines, 49,
54 horsepower, or 2 per cent. and other
kinds OF power, S2S3, 467 horsepower, or ID
per cent. I
When compared with the figures reported
1T the census of 1900, those for 1905 show
that In five years the total horsepower inry
creased more than 40 per cent. The largest
relative increase for any of the kinds u
power was one Of 270.5 per cent reportcd4
for owned electric motors. Rented electric
power increased 14l.9 per cent, and the
power of gas and gasoline engines. u4.9 pef4
cent. The largest absolute Increase, how=F
ever. was reported for steam engines, the
horsepower OF which increased 1851, SIS. or
30 per cent. The power of water wheels
increased only 1873 per cent.
Among the several geographic divisions
the Middle States ranked first IN the
amount of power, reporting 5000, 1867 horse
power. The Central States were second,
with 4,077,29S horsepower; the Southern
States third, with 1856, $3.50; the New Eng-i
land States fourth, with 2,254, 264; the
Pacifc coast last, with 1887. Perhaps the
most striking fact revealed by these
figures fs that the Southern States reported
more power than New England. This has
not happened before In the history of the
country. In this connection 1t is Interests
ing to note that the development In tie
Southern States has been in the utilization
of steampower. In the South SZ4 per cent.
Of the power was derived from steam and
SO per cent. from water. but in New Eng
land 1913 per cent was from steam and 29.2
from water.
The effect of a heavy industry on the
utilization of steampower Is Illustrated by
the fact that Pennsylvania, the principal
centre of the iron and steel industry, re-
ported 2,0SS, 77S steam horsepower, or alH
most 20 per cent. Of the total for the whole
country. Ohio reported LOIS, 665, so that
these two States nav nearly 3 per cent.
of the entire steampower employed in
manufactures, a fact which results largely
from the use of steampower in the metal
industries. New York ranked third, with,
$50. 1877; and Illinois fifth. with S., 57s. Il
The largest amount of water power used
in manufactures Mt the census of 1905 was,
reported by New York. The capacity In,
that State increased from 235, All horscra
power in 1900 to 446. 1874 horsepower in 1906
giving that State I'll per cent. Of the total
for the whole country. The continued lead.
crship OF New York In the use Of waters
power is due largely to the utilization OF
this kind of power in the paper and wood
pulp industry. OF the total waterpower re-
ported ny New York AT the census Of 1906
paper and wood pulp manufactures used
rs per cent. wH
The next largest utilization OF water
power in manufactures was reported by the
State of Maine. with 2OS, 094 horsepower
followed closely by Massachusetts. with
49, 27 horsepower. Wisconsin was fourth.
with 1855 horsepower. In wisconsin. aB
In Maine and New York. the paper and
wood pulp industry is the largest consumer
of waterpower, while in Massachusetts the
cotton and wool industries are the largest.
At the census of 1905 power derived from
electricity was reported as 1882. 4S3 horse-
power, which represents an increase over
the amount reported al the census of 1900
Of 1.090.231 horsepower, or 222.9 per cent.
The development was extraordinary in the
States distinguished chiefly for heavy
manufacturing on a large scale. The
horsepower reported rose In Pennsylvania
from 107. 74s to BAG. 7a7. or 221.9 per cent.
in New York from T,59S to 222.111, or 1852
per cent in Illinois from 9.2so to 165. 265,
or 1851 per cent. in Ohio from AZ. 157 10
144. 467. Or 1927 per cent, and In Massa-
chusetts from 32.s2s to 91,07, or t77.2 per
cent.
The increase in the number. size. ami
total capacity Of gas and gasoline engines
has been another marked feature of indus
trial development. The number of gas and
gasoline engines reported increased from
1884 in 1900 to 21,525 in 1905. their horse
power from 1874. 7s2 to 2S9.514. and their per-
centage OF the total horsepower employed
In manufacturing establishments from t3
to 2. When 1t is recalled that at the census
of 1890 the capacity of gas engines IN man
ufacturlng establishments was only $3.50
horsepower, and is now over thirty times
greater, 1t will be seen that a really re-
markable change has taken place.
Gas and gasoline power is used very gen
orally throughout the country. being re-
ported from every State and territory
Pennsylvania led in the utilization of power
of this kind, reporting 6s,2 200 horsepowers
New York ranked second, with Ass horse
power; Ohio third, with 80, 101 horsepower
Indiana fourth. with 21.171 horsepower; IllE
nois fifth, with 12.31y horsepower. and Wis
consin sixth, with II. 1856 horsepower.