davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-05-31
THE BATTLE-FIELDS.
OLD SOLDIERS TALK OVER
ARMY EXPERIENCES.
Inc Blue and the Gray Review Incl.
oents OF the Late War, and in a
Graphic and Interesting Manner
Ael or Camp, March and Battle,

"A number of naval officers were
swapping stories at the Metropolitan
Club in Washington one night when
one red-faced, white-haired old-timer
ASKED: Have you ever heard how
AoInlral Jouett, a lieutenant in the
early Gays of the Civil War, captured
a me prize through the Growing of a
cock? No?
wen, Jouett in command of the
montgomery, was cruising off the coast
OF Louisiana out of sight of land, when
one morning about 4 o'clock while
running through dense fog he dis
tlnctly heard rooster crow as he was
walking the deck with the officer of
the midwatch.
I'm his inspection of the vessel
Jouett had seen no poultry and had
reason to believe that there was none
on board. However, it was some mo-
ments before the significance of the
Growing dawned upon him. Turning
to one Of the officers, he asked:
" Are there any chickens on board?'
No, SIR
"'Did the boats bring off any yes
terdayT
"'No, SIR
Look here" exclaimed Jouett, get
ting mighty interested, when we swung
up north l distinctly heard a rooster
crow. A blockade runner has gone out
fol-
stiff wind blowing-'for Havana.
Send word to the engineer to give me
all the steam he can and hustle all
extra f1remen to the freroom.'
1.-THE under officers exchanged sig
nificant glances.
"'No, gentlemen said Jouett, read
ing their thoughts, I am not crazy.
But I heard a rooster crow and Well
find him when the fog lifts
las he predicted, when the fog lift
ed at Z 80 before them lay schoon-
er, all sails set, making for Havana.
She was flying the Louisiana State
flag, a pelican, and as they ranged
alongside her they found ten hard and
desperate-looking men in the stern.
Haul down that ragn called Jouett.
"There was no response. Thirty ma
rines stood on the poop deck of the
Montgomery with muskets loaded with
ball and buckshot cartridges.
Sergeant, ready! was the COM
mand, and down came the thirty mus
kets leveled on the gang.
Haul down that rag again called
the lieutenant, and down fell the peli-
can from it's proud position.
Then the captured captain was Gu
rious as to how he had been discov-
cred.
"'You have a rooster on board and
l heard him crow at 4 o'clock this
morning. said Jouett.
"I'll wiring his neck" exclaimed the
captain of the blockade runner, with a
scowl.
"'No you won't" responded Jouett
sharply. He's mine by right Of cap
ture,' and a very game cock that pa
triotic rooster proved to be."-New
York Herald.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-05-31
avoid Deep Dead-FurrOyys.

=, ~oI ploW your land round and
-' 'le same way, year after year,
you want deep dead-furrow in
-.oo.e that will bear nothing and
~oF1 place to cross. When plow-
'' seeding begin at the dead-fur-
i, ~FoW the first furrow into the
w. wheel the horses about to the
~ :. anu drive back to the starting
.. turning a furrow up against the
! .~N pi2Wed, This plan, followed
-, END, will leave the land all
-''- and in sOod shane.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-05-31
,orning Chute.

" arp q great many cattle
.,,;r horns by dehorning
',.snarations of this kind in
q ! r,a are a great many that
! ,,rIrity with an ugly par OF
~. ,l create a great deal OF trou-
D. led yard. We have received
4, NH Of inquiries of late re-
w., Nan for a good dehorning
,,,orlingIy we have here re-
'', most convenient and salts
! =, 7t ,bp good points about this
J., .,p hinged doors on the rear
=. u, make it possible to adjust
~. 70 any sized barn door.
y. y, width of the rear end of the
,, ,,tisfactory and cannot be adj
.ho door as shown in the IL
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1907-05-31
Friends, the One-Time Enemies
Editor National Tribune: Some

Friends, the One-Time Enemies.
Editor National Tribune: Some
times a kind deed is not thrown away,
even when done for an enemy, for
we drank from the same canteen, my
Johnny Reb and l. After the battle
of Helena, Ark, l got permission from
my captain to go over the field. From
my boyhood's days, when the stories
of wars and battles thrilled me most,
7 had always the desire to see a bat
tlefeld just after a great battle. One
sight, l can assure you, was enough.
Filling one canteen NTH cOmmiSSary
whisky, and one with water, with gun
and cartridge box we'll filled, | tramp
ed among the dead, dying and wound
ed. It was a horrible sight, and from
the grape, canister, and pieces of shell
which covered the ground l marvelled
that any human being had escaped
that deadly fire. AS l started to re-
t11rn to my regiment, l noticed a SOL
der sitting against a stump, wounded
through both legs. He asked me for
a drink of water, but l pulled the cork
from the whisky canteen and he drank
hearty. He thanked me with a God
bless you!' The incident passed out
of nv memory till in November, 1864,
when having escaped from Tyler pris-
on I was recaptured by bloodhounds
near Camden, Ark, and put in dun
eeon with prisoners, scouts and spies,
some of whom were chained together.
While in this dungeon one Sunday
morning, a sergeant Of the guard
came in with the officer of the day.
The sergeant looked at me pretty hard
and said, cit seems to me l have seen
Won before. Weren't you in the big
fight at Helena on July ~ 1 told him
7 was. and he then said, You are
the boy who gave me a drink of
whisky and water which saved my life
on that battlefield" 1 replied that
was glad to have done him that favor.
He then introduced me to the officer
of the day, and l went with them to
their camp, taking dinner with the
sergeant and his mess-mates, but he
took me back to the dungeon at night,
all the same. l was sent back to Ty-
ler from here, and again lost sight of
nv Johnny Reb. After the war was
over. | settled on the treeless plains
Of Kansas. One day l found my Con-
federate friend stuck in Buffalo Greek
with four ponies hitched to a light
wagon which contained three barrels
of salt. He was on his way to where
he had a herd Of Texas steers graz
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21
WHITE SHIRT WAIST SUITS.


AT S3. 9S is a very good White
Muslin Suit. Waist is made tucked
yoke with three-quartcrs sleeves fin
ished with val lace Skirt Is made
seven-gorc, plated with two narrow
tucks around the bottom.
AT $4. 9S is a White Muslin
Suit Waist IS made embroidered
yoke inset with one-inch wide vaIen-
cienne lace insertion, has three quar-
ter sleeves finished with val lace and
insertion
AT 50. % is a plain White Lin
en- Finished Suit Waist IS made
with plaits down front and haIF-inch
plaits each side Of front and yoke.
Has long sleeves with cuffs. Skirt Is
made very full plated to match waist.
AT $40 90 IS an exceptional
dressy Muslin Suit. Waist Is made
Gibson effect with valcncienne lace
insertion front and over shoulders.
Has three-fonrfhs length sleeves fin
ished with lace. Skirt is made very
full with two rows Of val insertion
around bottom.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21
TALK OF THE TOWN.
White suits az Yaaghan j.

White suits at yaughan's.
Cavalli IA Yenaerc 60 aiTittore A.
Tomasi.
Extra values in ladies' white suits 1t
Abbott's.
See The sale Of fancy 1oc muslins At
Vaughan's
All the latest styles in frames, Use, 1T
Alooreroft's.
Auction sale u lawn mowers and fur
niture tonight.
Read Smith & Cummings advertisement
on the 8th page,
Have you been in the Tea Store YETI
II not, Why not
Special sale Of muslin curtains att
Perry's on Saturday,
Clyde Iiaskins went to Marshiield On
a fishing visit today.
Ed. Smith Of Cabot was a business
visitor in the city today.
S. III. Ixiddnr of Bradford was BUSH
ness visitor in the city today.
| II you like 10 laugh see the drunken
matron al The pavilion tonight.
Our local insurance company is recon.
lmended by the insurance commissioners.
8Ir. aud Mrs. LA. Scofeid Of Provi.
dence, Il. f, ere visiting friends ii the
city.
The ADell Ringers Daughter II one
81 the many pictures shown at the payils
ion every night.
The largest and best line Of children's
wash suits, boiises and shirt waists At
the McNhorter 70. Store.
Moving pictures and Illustrated songs
Tut the pavilion every night at O'Clock.
saturday matinee AZ two,
Another lot Of those colored pine cone
prints at i0c each just received. Ken
yon & Co.'S Bargain store.
r. II. Mccarthy leaves tonight for
South Isrookville, Me-. where the local
quarry workers have struck.
rs rent, ready to-day, good tene-
lment Oh Cliff street for small family.
Apply II person 70 ] Henry Jackson.
A meeting Of the Green Mountain +.
4 d. viii be held tonight i'll their pavilion.
Every member II requested to be pres
emit
\ Mrs. AIoorcraft viii close Her parlors
Saturday, June ~, and will reopen Sep
TENDER ], with full line 81 fall MIL
linery.
Part Of the land which George Cassie
til to sell at auction Saturday afternoon
Ills within 15 rods III sewer and city
water.
Miss Emerson was taken to Heaton
| hospital yesterday and operated upon
by Drs. Chandler Of that city and Lamb
OF Barre.
/ A special meeting Of lodge Norls
1 stiarnan No lie. Of the Y. a. ORDER, At
| the III Of g. han saturday evening AZ
IT.30 sharp.
Miss Rose Cook, Miss Agnes Higgins,
| a. j. Guthrie and Barney Grimes at
tended the funeral of William Haley
at Waterbury yesterday.
Large assortment Of post cards just
/ iii. comics. notices, u1asts and song
series. Please step III and look them
over. Kenyon & Co.'S Bargain Store.
/ Make your purchases for tea and cof-
/ fee Saturday OF Monday and get extra
stamps besides the regular amount given
with the article bought. The Tea Store.
There wiHtbe 4 meeting 81 the Barre
II re department al the Central station
Z Friday evening al 1870 O'clock. It il
requested that al menlbers be present,
Per order acting chief.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21
.COLORED SHIRT WAIST SUITS,


AT 81 So Is 4 Ladies' Suit made
Of linen finished goods ii blue.
Has starched collar and cuffs.
AT So 0S u 4 line u Ladies
Shirt Waist SUITS, made Of 4 good
quality dotted muslin with large flow
els, color blue, pink and lavender.
Made III one Of the best styles, with
colIarless neck and short sleeves. Has
lace insertion yoke and lace trimmed
sleeves.
AT So ~ IS a line Of Plain Blue
and Linen Jumper Suns, with white
waist trimmed with color 70 match
Suit
AT SO. 75 isl dressy SUIT, goods
is white muslin ground with a me-
dunn size blue polka dot Is made
shirt waist style, trimmed with a clu-
ny lace insertion down front and over
shoulders. Has fancy elbow sleeves
finished with cluny insertion
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21
COLOHED SHIRT WAIST SUITS.


AT ~. so IS a Inc 81 Suits made
of fine broken check muslin III blue,
green and brown. Waist Il made
with white SHRED muslin NJ shaped
yoke Has three-quarcrs length
sleeve. finished with yalcncicnne lace
Skirt Is made full SHRED founee
effect
ATT so 30 Is i Suit made Of afins
Saline check Scotch batiste. Waist
is made full blouse with cluny lacs
insertion yoke and over shoulders.
Has thrce-fourths length sleeves fin
ishcd with cluny lace and insertion
Has full shirred Aounce skirt,
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21

Make your pnfcHases Tor YEA and COZ
fee Saturday OF Monday and get extra
stamps besides the regular amount given
with the article bought The Tea Store
There wilitbe meeting ~ the Barre
Hre department AT the Central station
Friday evening AZ z:30 O'clock II i
requested that al members be present.
Per order acting chief.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21

The school Commissioners Of the City of
IlaYre desire sealed bids for she heating, ven-
tilntinr ana plumbing for the two-roon addir
tlnn ta the Brook Street school Building
Plans and specifications can be received II the
architeet. n A. Walker Bids 70 be in the
Hands az tie Clerk Of the school Board, \, X,
Hutchinson, by III N. Of July 1 l907,
sstf0 u. n, HUTCHJNSON Clerk,
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21
ladies' White Skirts.

AT So % is a nine-gore White
Muslin Skirt
AT $2. 90 Is good weight In
dian Head Cotton Skirt made seven
gore with self straps ON each seam
AT So. 75 is a fine linen finished
Indian Head Cotton Skirt
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21
SEALED PROPOSALS.

wANTED--At once, Jumper 20 work unde
travelling crane. Barclay Bros. 8at
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21
"A. P. ABBOTT & CO.

We ave ready for that June wedding.
Are your Vi not, go To Holmes FOR
your jewelry, silyerware and cut glass
gifts. Prices right. u. o. Holmes,
Gordon block.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21
A. n ABBOTT & COLA. T. ABBOTT 4 cola h ABBoTT 9 co
~ The Daylight Store y
Warn Weather Comforts

aabc
duplicate good
,buta ehnrhed in best of all Through.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1907-06-21

TO RENT-Fnrnished rooms Apply to Mrs
Cable, No /. Cable street. eatR
FOUND--A small tan and white dog wear
lug collar. owner can have same BY paving
for advertisement Inquire az this ONCE e3f8
no RENT furnished front room. Apply
at Rif harrison street. SUI
FOR SALE cheap, good clean mattress y
10 Bolster avenue. s3t5'
WORK WANTED Young lady wants . 20
sition rs b0okkeeper and stenogfapher. Apply
20 X. Times Office. S3ias
WANTED IA surface cutter wanted Al once.
Fmitl Bros. Granite co. S3W
WANTED -Fifst-cass surfaeing machine
operator. None but steady man need Apply,
Barclay Bros. e5tf
wANTED--At once Jumper 90 work under
travelling crane. Barclay Bros aau
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11

county courts to pay a bounty of
$40 for wolf scalps. Mr.. Noyes
offered one which does not make
contributory negligence on the
part OF the plaintiffs a bar to suit
for damages against railroad or
street a companies, but the a.
mount recoverable is graded by
the degree of negligence shown on
the part of the plaintiff. Mr.. Sta
pie introduced a bill requi ing
railroad companies to furnish
round trip transportation to stock
and fruit shippers, whose consign-
ments in one shipment are more
than half-car-load lots.-Globe-
Democrat.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11
HEAVY GLOVES.

The wealthy old gentleman came
up the steps dripping with perspira-
ton and putting like an automo-
bile.
ooh, father" faltered the beau
tiful heiress, nervously, "where
have you been?"
81 have been attending to that
French count who is after your
hand and my bullion"
"Gracious, father, | hope you
haven't been rude. The count is
such a delicate gentleman. Didn't
l tell you to handle him with
g~loves?"
The old gentleman smiled grim
ly.
ooh, I handled him with gloves,
all right"
"You did? Oh, i am SO glad"
eyes, the biggest boxing gloves I
could find, and then l put a horse
shoe in each"
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11
5s MEASURES THIRD DAY.

The Missouri HOUSES bill mill is
not yet in need of a lubricant,
Though it's speed is becoming a bit
more gradual. Only fifty : eight
measures were introduced on the
third day which is nine less than
on the second day, nineteen less
than on the first day, and making
the total for the three days 202.
Among these measures was one
introduced by Mr.. Ataple, in re-
lation to division fences. By Mr..
Houston, prohibiting express COM
panies from carrying G. 0. D.
packages OF liquor; prohibiting
tho soliciting of orders for such
packages, and fixing a penalty for
|violation of the provisions at a
fine of from 500 to $500, or sixty
days jail imprisonment, or both.
M. Paul introduced one prohibit
Ing the use of wheat testers, and
Mr.. Spence one reducing the in
terest from 8 to z per cent. Mr..
Emory offered e bill empowering
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11
MEN OF MIND SOUGHT GOLD.
Proof That Forty-Niners Were of More
Than Ordinary CaIiber.

While in a village library in south
ern England | CHANGED to find a set
of the first authorized English edi-
ton of Bret Harte's works, issued in
1880. The preface to this edition
contains the following interesting
tribute to the California gold seek
ers:
"The faith, courage, vigor, youth
and capacity for adventure necessary
to this emigration produced a body
of men as strongly distinctive as the
companions of Jason. Unlike most
pioneers the majority we're men of
profession and education all were
young and all had staked their fu-
ture in the enterprise. . East
ern magazines and current eastern
literature formed their literary recre-
alton and the sale of the better class
of periodicals was singularly great.
Nor was the taste confined to Amer
lean literature. The illustrated and
satirical English journals were as
frequently seen in California as in
Massachusetts, and the author re-
cords that he has experienced more
difficulty in procuring a copy of
Punch in an English provincial town
than was his fortune at Red Dog or
'One-horse Gulch.' An audience thus
literally equipped and familiar with
the best modern writer's was natural
ly critical and exacting and no one
appreciates more than he does the
salutary effect of this severe dis
cipline upon his earlier efforts"
Few people read p~refaces, and
English people probably took their
ideas of the typical Californian from
Harte's stories. In any event that
view has largely changed to-day.
After the 18th of April last, not only
the English but the continental press
wed in an a%ppreciative outburst re-
garding the courage, enterprise, Vi
vacity, and hopeful spirit of the Cal.
ifornians that was as evidently sim
cere as it was spontaneous. OF all
classes Of travellers, musicians re-
called with greatest pleasure and
true feeling their experiences in San
Francisco.--W. L. Jepson, in Sunset
Magazine.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11

WANTED by Chicago whole-
sale and mail order house, assis.
tant manager imam or woman) for
this county and adjoining terri
tory. Salary, 800 and expenses
paid weekly expense money ad-
vanced. Work pleasant; position
perm snent. No investment or ex-
penses required. Spare time VAL
liable. Write at once for full par.
ticulars and enclose self addressed
envelope. Address,, GENERAL
MANAGER, 1874 E. Lake St., Chi
cago.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11

President Roosevelt has sent to
the senate the folio wing nominal
tions: Surveyor of customs, Thos.
G. Elliott, Cairo, ILL.,; register OF
the land office at Eureka, Cal,
David j. Girardeau; postmasters
California, Philo Handy Ukiah;
Illinois, T. M. Crissman, Edwards
Vile; A. l.. Coyle, Gridley; G. F.
Buck, Monmouth; Iowa, j. Meyer,
Alton; S. j. Max, Inwood; A. E.
Chyrster, Lake Part.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11
l.. NUTTER, V. S.
OFFICE IN BRICK STABLE
WELLSVILLE, MO.
Call, we'll treat you right.
Executors Notice.

Notice is hereby given that letters testa-
mentary upon the estate OF Henry S%tiegmann
deceased, have been granted to'the UNDER
signed, by the Probate Court OF Montgomery
county, Missouri. bearing date the sth day Of
December, 1906. All persons having claims
against said estate are required 20 exhibit
them to the Undersigned for allowance, within
one year from the date of said letters or they
may be precluded from any benefit OF such
estate; and IL said claim be nor exhibited
within two years from the date OF the publi-
cation Of this notice, they will be forever
barred. ANNIE NJ.
Admrx. with will annexed, estate Henry
Stiegman, deceased.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11
Carrie Nation

certainly smashed a hole in the
barrooms at Kansas, but BallaI DIS
Hourehound Syrup has smashed
all records as a cure for Coughs,
Bronchitis, influenza, and all Pull
monary diseases. T. G. u.-Hor-
ton, Kansas, writes 81 have never
found a medicine that would cure
a cough so quickly as Billiards.
Horehound Syrup. l have used it
for years." Sold by Crump &
Kidwell.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11

Betterment and added facilities
that are contemplated by the Mis-
souri, Pacific to the division facil-
tiles at Jefferson City indicate an
early removal of the passenger
engine division of that company
from Sedalia to Jefferson City.
Machinery to the value of $50, 600
is to be installed at the latter place
for repairing engines and an ad-
dition is to be built to the round
house.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11
CHURCH DIRECTORY.
First Baptist Church, Monfgom.
cry City, Mo.

Services Sunday evening at
1880 p. m.
Sunday School each Sunday
morning $3.50.
Prayer meeting each Wednes-
day evening at 1880.
Young Peoples meeting each
Sunday evening at 6:45.
Ladies Missionary society last
week in each month.
Ladies Aid society first Friday
in each month.
T. M. GREEN, Pastor.
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11

Former Senator Cockrell of Mis-
souri, will leave Washington short.
ly for points in Georgia or Ala
bama, where he will make a short
stay for the benefit of his health.
While the Senator has been stead
lily improving, he is not ready as
yet to enter his duties as a MEM
Der of the Interstate commerce
commission,
The Montgomery tribune. (Montgomery City, Mo.) 1892-1910, 1907-01-11
FRIDAY, JANUARY II, 1907
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM

INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM.
Governor Folk has made some
good suggestions for Legislative
action, but his request that the
legislature adopt a resolution fol
\ constitutional amendment pro.
sviding for the initiative and ref.
erendum in legislation is, in ouI
opinion, about the worst piece OF
tallacy we have heard of recently.
The proposition to create the Office
nbf State Excise Commissioner has
raised quite a storm of disapprov-
Nl, but of the two evils, the initia-
Give aud referendum proposition
is far the more vicious.
Q The initiative and referendum
has been tried in other states, but
no good has ever come of it. The
professional politician and dema-
gogue e by it. Why? Be-
Nause under this system Legislators
shift all responsibilities off of
sheir shoulders onto their constitu.
snts, and can therefore not be held
morally accountable for their acts
rs everything they do is referred
back to "the people,"
} The theory of representative
government is that representatives
who are chosen by the people to
represent them in legislative as
Semblies know the needs of their
constituents and are more compe-
Sent to pass upon questions affect
ing the general welfare than are
She individual voters themselves.
Any ambitious newspaper or set
pf politicians can draw up a petit
zion and secure the required num-
Der of signatures to have a propo-
5itiOn submitted to a vote of the
people. But right here is where
the beautiful theory breaks down
every time. Indifference! What
does the average voter care about
The merits of a half dozen or more
''yes" and ono" propositions at
sached to his ballot when he goes
into a 2x3 booth to vote? The
ballot in use at present has grown
TO such enormous size and become
so complicated in it's make : up
already that many voters are be-
ing kept away from the polls.
Again, a large number of voters
who do take the trouble to vote, do
not vote either way on the ''ref-
erendum" end of the ballot, and
chose who do vote on the questions
submitted get into the habit of
voting "yes" on everything that
comes along, so it largely depends
whether the questions submitted
are put in the affirmative or not.
The theory when put into practice
means that a referendum vote is
never the will nor representative
OF the majority of the voters.
1t is absurd to think of having
ballots containing arguments for
10Th sides of every question sub
Anitted. They must be condensed
70 much as possible TO appear on
The ballot, and the following is a
air example of how it is done:
AN act entitled an act to repeal
1 act known as IAN act providing
s,the incorporation of towns and
~tlages.'" A very bad feature of
.e referendum folly is the diff
sulty of getting rid of it before
nuch harm has resulted from it's
lperation.