The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-07-14

"The most civilized and progressive na- tions have the most criminals, and more abundant crime they ascend higher in the scale of social development. Al thur Cleveland Hall.
 If the principles of penal treatment advocated by criminal anthropologists.- classification, reformation and education in physical, mental and moral training were applied to the criminal population, 1t is certain that recidivism would diminish, the habitual criminal would become greater rarity and most important of all that society would enjoy a greater i'm munity from crime. w. B. Morrison.
 If the methods and conditions of physi- cal inquiry were applied in real philo- sophical spirit to spiritual phenomena, the influence of science for good would be more powerful than it is.'-Duke or Argyle.
 The word crime is used in this paper in its legal sense, embracing all acts, whether mala in SC or mala prohibita, all acts which may cause the arrest and trial of a citizen by a court vested wi;n the power to impose punishment.
 That crime Is increasing more rapidly that population in the three great world powers-Engand, Germany and the Uni ted States-that it is decreasing in france is shown by statistics.
 Evolution in Civilization.
 Civilization travels with leaden feet a1- yances with measured tread and halting pace to nobler heights. It is education. mental and manual training, moral and ethical culture, for both the youth and the adult, that stays the march of crime. Man is a creature of education from the cradle to the grave. It is the calling into activity the noblest attributes of the soul at every stage of life that lights the way of social progress. Every new movement that puts in force better methods for the elevation of each individual in society gives an inspiration for better social con ditions.
 The cruder and more ignorant the race, the slower the pace of social progress; the more active and enterprising the indivl1- ual the stronger mentally and morally; the more marked his leadership and the greater his influence among men for good and for a higher life. In the process or evolution, mans grapdest characteristic, the gift of reason, vests him with capac- ity far above all other animals. It Is this endowment, this element in his nature, that enables him to reach depth in de- pravity far below. the brute. It is this wonderful power, matchess, marvellous and measureless in resources in devising means to accomplish ends, that leads man to nobility or to ruin. The thought forces of the individuals of a city. state or na- tion-whether they take the right or wrong direction, whether they are trained to build up or are neglected and permit ted to tear down the social fabric; these tell for human progress or human de- pravity
 America's vast sea shores, rich with bays and harbors, her inland lakes and numerous rivers leading to the sea, her fertile valleys and extensive mountains, her wealth of minerals and broad for ests-these gave wider berth for free dom of action, for strong personality and for marked individuality in the evolu- ton of character. Her geographical and climatic influence lxindled energy, los tered enterprise and quickened a spirit Tor investigation and research, that mas blessed the nation with invention and dls- coyery. Her civilization is unique in the worlds history Born of bold, brave spli- it's who had the courage to dare ana 10 do. who were rocked in the cradle of ad- versitv in d wild wilderness with death constantly knocking at the door-this evoked what may be called American manhood a spirit of self-confidence, self sacrifice, self-respect and sef-cultur2. These attributes in citizenship sustained the colonies, formed the repuhil"' strengthened the nation and made Amer ica.
 free of charge dI lle uedu oI eic @Hh'0i ican army to secure the independence and promote the welfare of his country Madison gave his genius to the framing of the constitution, marked for its strength. in it's three independent, CO., ordinate departments of government-leg- isature, executive and judicial-which have saved the nation from the weakness of former republics. Jefferson manifested his love for social order and better con- ditinns in life by formulatin the first public school law in his state, and reared under his own eye a great university for higher education. to perfect and protect the institutions of his country. Andrew Jackson and his sturdy, brave men left their wives and daughters in humble homes in Tennessee and Kentucky to de- fend New Orleans from plunder; her mo-