The new era. (Walden, Colo.) 1906-19??, 1907-10-10

conditions, must be of moment to all
other Americans. for never forget,
friends, that in the long run we shall
all so up or go down together.
THE states of the high plains and of
the mountains have a peculiar claim
upon me. because for a number of
years l lived and worked in them, and
have that intimate knowledge of
their people that comes under such
conditions. In those states there is
need Of modification of the land laws
that have worked SO well in the we'll
watered fertile regions to the east
ward. such as those in which you here
dwell. The one object in all our land
laws should always be to favor the &C.
tual settler. the actual homemaker.
who comes to dwell on the land and
there to bring up his children to in
herit it after him. The government
should part with its title to the land
only to the actual home-maker-not to
the profit-maker, who does not care to
make a home. The land should be
sold outright only in quantities suf-
ticient for decent homes-not In huge
areas to be held for speculative pur-
poses or used as ranches, where those
who do the actual work are merely
tenants or hired hands.
But where irrigation is not applica-
bic and the land can only be used for
grazing, 1t may be that you cannot run
! more than one steer to ten acres, and
1t Is not necessary to be much of
mathematician in order to see that
where such Is the case homestead of
100 acres will not go far toward the
support Of a family. In consequence
of this fact, homestesders do not take
| up the lands in the tracts in question.
They are left open for anybody to
Craze upon that wishes to. The result
is that the men who use them moder
ately and not with view to exhaust
ing their resources are at the mercy
of those who care nothing for the fu-
ture and simply intend to skin the
land in the present. For instance. the
small sheep farmer who has a home
and who wishes that home to pass on
to his children improved in value will
naturally run his flock SO that the land
will support it. not only today. but ten
years hence; but big absentee sheep
owner, who has no home on the land
at all, but simply owns huge migra-
tory f1ocks Of sheep, may well find it
to his profit to drive them over the
small sheep farmers range and eat 1t
all out. He can then drive his flocks
on, whereas the small man cannot. OF
course, to permit sues state of things
is not only evil for the small man, but
is destructive of the best interests Of
the country Substantially the same
conditions obtain as regards cattle.
The custom has therefore grown up Of
| fencing great tracts of government
land without warrant of law. The
men who fenced this land were some
times rich men, who, by fencing it.
kept out actual settlers and thereby
worked evil to the country But In
many cases, whether they were large
men or small men, their object was
not to keep out actual settlers, but to
protect themselves and their own in
dustry by preventing overgrazing OF
| tne range un inc part VI RICHNESS stock
owners who had 10 place In the perma-
nent development OF the country and
who were Indifferent to everything ex-
cept the profits of the moment To
permit the continuance OF this illegal
fencing inevitably tended to very
grave abuses. and the government has
therefore forced the fencers to take
down their fences. In doing this we
have not only obeyed and enforced the
law, but we have corrected many fla
grant abuses. Nevertheless we have
also caused hardship. which, though
unavoidable, l was exceedingly unwill-
ing to cause. In some way or other
we must provide for the use of the
public range under conditions which
Shall inure primarily to the benefit Of
the actual settlers on or near 1t, and
which shall prevent its being wasted
This means that in some shape or way
| the fpDpiDp nf oCfu
permitted under restrictions which
will safeguard the rights of the actual
settlers. desire to act as these actual
settlers wish to have me in this mat
ter. l wish to find out their needs and
desires and then to try to put them
INTO effect. But they must take trou.
Die, must look ahead to their own ul-
! innate and real good, must insist upon
Deing really represented by their pub
lie men, if we are to have a good re-
suit
The thing | have most at heart az
regards this subject is to do whatever
VIII he of permanent benefit to Just
exactly the people for whom this cor
respondent of mine spoke-the small
rancnmen who have to pillow and pitch
| nay themselves. All want to do is
| 10 ma out what will be to their real
| benefit, for that is certain to be to
| the benefit of the country as a whole.
IL may be that we can secure their
interests by permitting all homestead.
ers In the dry country to inclose in
dividually or certain number of them
together. big tracts of range for sum.
mer use. the tracts being proportioned
to the number of neighboring home
steaders who wish to run their cattle
upon it. 1t may be that parts of the
range viii only be valuable for compa-
MES that can lease 1t and put large
herds on 1T. for the way properly to
develop a region is to put it to those
uses to which it is best adapted. The
amount to be paid for the leasing
nrivilepa 10 To mo a ,,aaIIa. "a -.