davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

of his successors each elected to two
terms. while he had received only one.
But Adams had one distinction not ac-
corded to any other President, His son
was elected to that office. and lie lived
through considerable part of the song
term
For tho moment the second Adams.
Just after his retirement from the
White House, experienced the Sights
which come to public men when they
cease to be the dispensers Of political
favors. In the entry In his diary for
March 4. 1929. when he vacated the
presidency and Jackson entered office,
he wrote: MY time is now all leis-
ure, like an instantaneous flat calm
in the midst Of hurricane" AS Presi-
dent he had been the target of vtu-
peratlon and mcndacity beyond any
thing that had been known along to
that time. Some of the fiercest fights
which tho politics Of the country had
seen had John Quincy Adams as CEN
tire and exciting cause during the four
years Of his presidency which began in
1895. Out Of office, however, his old
enemies did not pursue him, while all
| his fair weather friends abandoned
| him. He expected this. however, and
was resigned to his fate. AS reader
Of history he was prepared for the
sings and arrows of outrageous for
i tune which greeted him and out OF
i the presidency.
Although Jackson owed n debt Of
gratitude to Adams for the fights which
Adams. While Secretary of StateHir
Monroe's cabinet, had made for hin
4 when he invaded spa!n's territory o.
Florida In the Seminole war, and TEN
\ porarily upset the Spanish authority
Z jackson made no sign that he appre
ciated this favor, Possibly he did no
know OF 1t, or had forgotten 1t. On
momber, indeed, Of the new adminis
] tration called on Adams u day or tw'
after Adams hndileft the White Hous
to pay his respects. This was N MAJ
I, who above all tho other public me-
J of his time. observed the amenities o
! pollt!cs--Martin Van Buren,. who en-
J. tered tho Jackson administration q
!. Secretary Of state. With Vnn Bureni
Z his call on Adams went the new act
" ing Secretary of State, J ohn "A, Hainll
7 lton, son oe Alexander Hamll ton, III.
? lspsctacls Of the 50 of lie founder e
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16
low EX-PRESIDENTS HAVE FARED m POI TTCs

lieutenants In tho convention intended.
after the nomination of Garfield, to res
main silent during the canvass, but
after the Republican reverses in Maine
in September, which indicated that the
tide was against their party through
out the country, Grant and Conkling
We're induced to enter the canvass and
their work was effective. The Repub-
licans rallied, carried the October
States, and put Garfield in the prcsi-
dency. Az
During Harrlson's term Cleveland,
then an ex-Presldent for the first time,
took no part In politics except that the
country knew he was an asnirant for
another nomination.. His own State,
New York, was committed to Hill, but
outside OF that State no had such an
ascendency that he easily carried tho
convention. and he likewise easily carr
ried the country in the election. In the
ten years which have passed since he
adopted tho OK prefix tho second time,
he has kept out of active politics. but
he has written much for the periods
calls he has been In active demand on
great national occasions, and he has
been the country's most distinguished
citizen in private station. In move
ments for social and civic improves
ment he has taken an active part. His
advanced age--he will be seventy-one
when tho National Conventions Of 1908,
meets--rules him out of the list or pres
sidentiul nomination possibilities again,
but to the end OF his days he is likely
to remain force OH the side OF con-
sorvatlsm and balance In the countfys
social and political life.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

have been deluded by tho idea that
they have their own rulers, inasmuch
as all the orders affecting the natives
go out thrugh the hey and his Arab
officials. The hey, however, is only
the monkey on the stick, and it Is the ~
French resident general who pulls the
string which makes him act Indeed,
nc has very little opportunity to act
lat all. except in special instances and 81
as to natives. His army, including
both officers and men, has been res
duced to regiment of six hundred
and his income, which was formerly
millions. Is now cut down to three
hundred thousand dollars a year. He
still occupied the fine old palace Of.
tho Bardo here on the edge of the city.
and he has in addition several smaller
palaces outside. At present he is liv-Ss
ing In one at Sidi Bou Said on the y
site of old Carthage; 1t is about twelve
miles from Tunis, and he drives into
the city in lacquered coach, with
soldiers and outriders In uniform. u
have seen him several times during
| my stay. IA
Native Courts for Natives
The French are governing Tunisia
much as the Dutch govern Java. They
issue all OF their orders through the
] hey and his sheiks. The country is di-s5
vided UP into thirteen districts, each of
4 which has controleur ctyile This
man has a number of French assist
ants, but he has also a native gov
! crnor and subordinates to help him
/ and all the orders as regards the ma
4 tives go out through them. If the
Frenciman or other foreigners get ms
i to trouble they are judged only by. the
4 French; and II Il foreigner has trouble
Il with a native he comes before the
same powers! AS to disputes between
the natives themselves, they arc han
died In tho Arab courts and after the
+ Koranic law. The hey holds court
z every Saturday morning. and Tie can
81 condemn a native criminal to be hung
II he pleases. He often does so; and
! as tho executions are public any for
7 Ieigner can go out to see.
These methods of procedure arc sat
!, isfactory to both natives and French
In fact, they suit every one excepting
, the TuEisinn Jews. There have been.
came from Tyre to Carthage, and the
{ Jews stand on the same ground as the
i Arabs. They dress in Arab costumes,
, and, as to tho men, one could not tell
, the difference.
or late years under modern condi-
!, lions some of the Jews have been
growing prosperous, and many OF them
j ore now learning French and aping
! French ways. They have begun to
7 dress In European clothes; and are
anxious to rank as Europeans and be
r same time tho natives despise them
' and an Arab sheik considers the word
4 of one Musselman worth moro than
S that of q score of Hebrews. For this
Q reason the Jews are claiming that they
Y do not get justice and arc demanding
r a change.
$ FRANK G. CARPENTER.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

was chosen to the popular branch of I
Congress. and, through successive re-
elections. he remained there for soven-
teen years, dying In the capital in tho
carly days Of lS4S, a few months be-
fore Zachary Taylors nomination for
President. His service In that chamber
was the most brilliant episode In his
whole public career, which covered
more than half q century, and which
included diplomatic station In several
countries, service as a framer of the
peace treaty OF 1914 with England, and
in the cabinet, In each branch of Con-
gress and in the presidency. The only
other ex-Presrdent VINO served In Com
gress was Johnson. who entered the
Senate a few years after he left the
White House, but who died after he
was there only a few weeks. Johnson
had been a member OF tho Senate be-
fore he became President, and rom
dered good service while there, but his
temper, and his feuds While In tho
presidency with many of the Repub-
| lican leaders would. even II he had
lived to finish his term in that cham
Dor us an eX- president. probably have
hampered him in his usefulness
Many Of the politicians, Democratic
and Wing. OF Van Buren's days In tho
White House, used to say that tho mas
ter OF the Hermitage was the real gov
erning force III the executive branch
of tho government. Any politician for
/ whom Old Hickory stood sponsor dur-
i ing Van Buren's presidency could or
di, arily command the administrations
i favors, Jackson felt that the Tip
4 pecanoe and Tyler. too" wave which
II swept Van Buren out of the White
4 House In 1870 was q personal assault
u on himself as we'll as on his political
heir When Iolk as an advocate OF
Jaekson's policy of Texas annexation
was making his canvass for election
! in 1874, he posed as Young Hickory
and many pilgrinlages We're made e
tho Hermitage TO get for the candidate
tho favor of its powerful + OCCUPANT
! During tho canvass Jackson's friend
a ship for Polk was an asset Of good
II deal of weight in the scale. After on
office Polk began to feel that nc
slougbt to be more independent OF n
4 l,leanlngsfon the Hermitage than Van
\ Buren, FAD been eight years earlier
. land turned 40 me Of N acSsoh's frlendE
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

out including Blair. tho editor of the
democratic organ at Washington. the
Globe, and Installed Richie. Of Rich
mond, as editor OF the Union, which
was the mouthpiece of tho Polk adj
The disposition OF Blair
and tho accession of Richie meant
that the Calhoun and not the Jackson
Influence was to b. dominant in tho
Polk administration. Before jackson
died In the early days of Polk. he saw
that his old rival Calhoun, had be-
come tho guiding spirit In the Demo-.
cratic party.
Van Durcn's strength.
Van Buren, lived twenty-ono years
after his rctireent from tho presi-
dency In 1871. and though he was very
far from being an aggressive states
man, he had an Influence on the poli-
tics OF the time in ono particular cpl
scde. This was when he accepted tho
candidacy Of the free soil party in 1915.
split the democracy In two In tho de-
cislve State Of New 70, :, and gave
that State and the presidency to Zach
airy Taylor, tho Wing. Fillmore, who
went into office on the Taylor ticket,
through Van Buren's aid. and who
went to tho presidency on Taylor's
death, was not q person OF any great
amount Of force. either In the White
House or out OF IT, but no was put UP
by u minor party few years after no
left office. and in that canvass he at
tracted some attention throughout tho
country. The party which he led was
the nutivistic party, which had been
popularity called tho Know Nothing
party, but which adopted tho namo
American In tho canvass OF 1896, when
it nominated Fillmore, Tho American
party had the distinction OF polling
4 more votes, $4,000. than any other
minor organization In tho country's
/ history except tho Ponulst party
under Weaver, In 1922, and. In propor-
ton to the aggregate vote, Fillmore's
poll was far greater than Weaver's
In tho eight years of Grants life
after lie left the White House, he was
d man of some political consequence
a few Of his closest friends induced
him to allow them to attempt to nom
4 mate him for u third term in 1880
4 Their failure may or may not hay'
grieved him. hut IT. did not keep hin
i,out Of the canlpai gn, He ana hi
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

and obscurity at tho home Of his
daughter In New York, whose husband
was postmaster OF that city. At his
death, on July 1. 1881, the newspapers
OF tho country, as soon as they re-
ceived the news In those slow-golng
times before railtoad (there were
only 15OE miles of railways in tho en-
tire United States then) and kilograms
published sketches Of his long and IL
lustrious career, but many of his
countrymen had already forgotten him.
Tyler, after he left the presidency In
1916, dropped out Of the public recol-
lection quickly, and his name did not
reappear In the newspapers Of the
country until he was sent by Virginia
to tho abortivo Peace Congress In 1861,
of which body he became president.
AFTERWARDS he entered the Confederate
Congress. Pierce, Buchanan, Hayes
and Arthur We're seldom heard of In
| the country at large between their re.
| tirement from Washington and their
death, This interval In Arthurs case.
| was only about year and half.
but In that time he had many reasons
| to complain OF the fleeting character
Of political fame.
! Wuxhington's Promotion,
Soon after Washington retired from
(, the presidency lie was Induced by
commander OF the American army, in
! anticipation Of a war With France.
Some fighting actually did take place
upon tho sea between the two coun-
tries, but there was no forlnnl war.
and most of tho, army which was
raised in/preparatlon for a conflict
u was soon disbanded. Then Washing
lton retired from his new position. In
/ accepting that office lie arranged tc
\ have the actual work of commander
iin-chlcf performed by Hamilton, aas
ho himself was too old then for the
Iactiye duties OF the field. When, II
LI1709. in the umlton-Adans fcud, q
large clement of the Federallsts turne.
!, against Adams, they wanted TO IN
2 duce Washington to accept u thlrt
!, term as President, but when tho mos
[ songer reached Mount Vernon VIII
!, this overture Washington was dead
: Adams survived a quarter of contur.
g after his retirement from office y
Il 1901. and he saw his party In TIM
1f5y time pass off the stage, He saw thre
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

one of the bread baskets Of Europe.
They produce quantities of wheat and
other grains; but the farming Is so
poor that the average wheat yield or
Algeria is less than eight bushels
yer acre: whereas ours is thirteen
bushels, and that of the wheat belt
Of Canada something like twenty-five
bushels. With proper machinery this
yield might be doubled. The dry lands
of Northern Africa need deep cultiva-
ton to preserve the moisture, and 1T
may be that q vast amount OF new
end can be brought into use by what
Is now known as dry farming. at
present the surface is only scratched.
! The plows are SO light that you could
swing one around your head as easily
as well-loaded Indian club, and the
farmers often carry them to and from
| 1.-THE fields on their shoulders. They are
Iilittle more than forked sticks shod
with thin piece of iron. They have
| but one handle, and are SO made that
/ the plowman does not need to press
4 upon them as he walks through the
| burrows. The result is that large
punches Of weeds or bushes cannot
4 be plowcd up, and the farmers work
/ their way in and out through tho
1 brush. They have to cut most Of their
grain with the sickle. as 1t would be
4 impossible to run mower through
the field
/ @ Farming Machinery.
1t is only the Trench settlers. and
!. now and then an Italian, who have
I modern machinery, and 1t Is only In AL
I geria that our machinery Is used. We
. sell q hundred thousand dollars worth
or SO of agricultural implements there
every year, this being our share OF
the two million dollars worth Of ma
chinery annually imported There is
, no reason why there should not DO q
: good demand for American plows, and
: also for our mowers, reapers, ant
! threshing machines At present the
grain is either trodden out Of tho
; straw by horses, oxen or donkeys, OF
! ground out by driving heavy sled!
, away by throwing the straw agains
. the wind.
: Within the past few years tho mos
of the Tunisian WheatEh has been eX
ported to France while tho Tunisian
have bought Russian wheat for thei
= own use. The reason for this Is tina
. Tunisian wheat. inasmuch as 1t come
y from ono of the French colonies.
! admitted to France free from dut,
= whereas all other foreign wheat pay
. high tariff Such wheat as Tuni
;. itself imports pays practically moth
=, ing, and SO the people have been bring
!, inS in Russian wheat and sendin
their own off to France and maxim
- thereby a big profit off the difference
), in the respective tariffs Tho Frenc
=. government has now discovered thi
20 trick, and understand that It wi
- soon tax Tunisian grain just us
- does the grain from other countries.
Our Mining Machinery.
ID Our manufacturers of mining ms
W chincry should keep their eyes on tn
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

Altogether we spend only three or
four thousand dollars in pushing our
trade in these two rich provinces be-
longing to France, where the mar
ket is worth many million dollars
year, and waste three or four times
that on the wllds Of Morocco. from
which we get nothing now and can
not hope for much until far in the
future. Similar condition prevail IN
some other parts OF Africa.
Up-to-Dutc Africa.
Tunisia and Algeria are a part of
hind the times. but they. are rapidly
Introducing all modern improvements
Life and property in them from the
Mediterranean to far down into the
Sahara are safe; there are police
everywhere. and the people are pay
ing less taxes than ever before.
The facilities of communication are
rapidly growing. The two countries
have in the neighborhood Of three
THOUSAND miles Of railroad, thousands
Of miles of good country roads, and
hundreds Of miles Of electric tram
ways. One can now travel through
Tunisia and Algeria for q distance as
| great as from Washington to Seattle
in an automobile, and that over roads
| better than 5nine-tcnths OF the country
| roads of the United States. The soil
I Is largely underlaid with limestone.
| and the roads have been nacadamizcd
/ from ono end of tho land to the other.
AS to the. telegraphic possibilities.
the wire now in use In Algeria would
make girdle around the earth, and
| tho telegraph poles arc enough to sup
/ ply q line through its centre. A tele-
/ graph route across the Sahara has just
been surveyed, and, within q short
/ 1.in,e the French provinces of the
Soudan will be Joined to Algeria by
twenty-five hundred miles OF wire.
There are telephones in all the chief
\ cities. Algeria sent moro than five
million telephone messages last year
and its long distance conversations
/ were more than one million. Tunisla
.fas telephone system, and I car
stand in the hotel here and be con.
Eectcd with the cities for miles around
Il have already spoken of the rates
! They arc far lower thar any we have
in America l can send a wire from
here to France for q cent a word, anc
j could do the Same were five hun
bred miles below. in the Desert Of Sa
hara. II I remember correctly. on.
Il telegraph companies charge about i
cents word from New York to Sal
Francisco, and no message Is sent 70
], less than twenty-five cents Here tn
!, minimum charge per message Is tel
!, cents, and ono can telegraph to Grea
!. Britain, italy. Denmark or German.
Q for far less than VIC can send a mes
) sage across the continent. The tele
1 phone rates in Algeria are three cent
! for three minutes and eight cents TO
: long-distance messages outside. TIL
$ charges in Tunisa are about tn
II ~ II I'D ( IN p. 2.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

Both Of these countries have a good
postal service. There are post offices
In every town, and, of late. the mails
have been carried on camels to many
OF the cases of the desert. The letter
rates to Algeria, Tunis and France are
three cents. and postal orders up to 81
may be gotten for cent. and up to
$40 for five cents can buy postal
order on America to the amount of
81 for two cents. and the same rate
is givenBfor England. India, Canada
and Japan. There are almost daily
mails from here to Europe. and France
can be reached from either Tunis' or
Algicrs in just twenty-four hours.
The postal business is rapidly grow
ing. There are something like fifty
million packages sent through the Al
gerian nails every year, and fully half
that many through the post-oftices Of
Tunisia.
Money ana Banks.
Both of the provinces have excellent
banking facilities Every town of any
size has it's banking establishments,
and the cities are represented by the
chief banks of France. I was able
Sahara, and I have had no trouble
| anywhere In getting my letter Of cred
4, cashed. The Bank Of Algeria,
| which is connected with the govern
ment, has capital Of S4,000,000, and
| Its paper notes are exchanged for gold
/ in any part Of these French colonies.
l The Credit Lyonnais. has branches in
all the Algerian cities, and the same
| is true of the Bank OF Tunisfa as to
! the cities of that province.
The money used is French in Al
/ gcria and Tunisian In Tunisia, but t
| is all on the French decimal system,
| and there is no trouble in making
change. In addition to the banks
! above mentioned there are agricul-
tural banks in both Algerian and Tu-
nisia which mako loans to farmers
and settlers. and Algeria has seven
savings banks with deposits OF more
than five million dollars. .
So far. banking here is in its in
fancy. The natives have not beer
accustomed to taking care Of thei,
to go to the banks, for fear theil
friends will think them hard up, ani
tthat their business Is borrowing
Therefore. they hide their savings I'm.
der the rafters or build them away
in some part of their houses. Many O
them put their surplus into jewelry
and this is especially SO of the Be
4 douins and Kabyies, the richer wo
! men among whom are often LOADED
with gold and silver.
The chief money lenders outside TIL
: Eenks are the Jews, who charge eXor
:, bitant rates of interest and take note
!. for much more than the amounts loan
ed. The Jew comes to the man
} house. and makes the loan there, an
: at the end often gets both house an
) money. In the French banks the Of
) flee hours are from to II. and fror
Q until 4. At noon every one knock
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-06-16

a trun which was old long before |
Pompcytold 1t to Sylla has just been
found ut by Emil Loubet. This is
that mn bow to a rising, rather than,
q settig, sun. NJ. Loubet has been
tellinga Paris newspaper that an OK
presdnt is about the obscurest per-
ison Wo Is cxtant anywhere. A year
slnd fquarter ago Loubet stepped out
of ofce Mt tho end of 1; seven years.
termand Armand Fallierez stepped In.
In snpping out the eX-President im-
,medAtey was lost to view, His old
ncinbors In his rural home gave him
n ,eceptlon as soon us nc reached
thu, but even they showed him thai
In leaving office he had dropped the
,dilnity which had hedgca him In until
Il lin. Ills old political associates
dipped him "A few weeks ago he
vote to Premier Ciemenceau. asking.
MI interview. but the premier saidshe
Ill not have time to do any talking
jst them, except among his official as
sciates and advised him to call on
pme Of the clerks Of the departments
nd tell his business to them. Only one
his friends of his days of power
iii remembers him. and that one is
Edward VII. OF England This Is q
inc tribute to the thoughtfulness, the
readiness and the democracy of Brit
in's king.
Many of Americas eN-presidents
ould MS feelingly as NJ. Loubet, re-
teat Rip Van Wrinkles plant, How
Don we are forgt\ when we are dead
1onroe could have done this notwith-
tandlng the blazoning of his name
h speeches, statutes, treaties ana dlp-
( pmatic deeds and deals of various
orts in the past half a century, pa