davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-12-15

speaking, modern. The Christian GENE
teries were named either after some saint
buried in them or the person who originally
owned the land where they were situated.
The use OT the present name dates back
to about the sixteenth century.
Almost all the cataCombs are outside
the walls of the city. The aggregate length
Of their galleries il said TO he about $50
miles. and they are excavated on different
levels and cross and recrOss each other.
Hence although the area which they under
lie il not considerable. vet If the galleries
were stretched in a continuous line they
would extend through the whole of Italy.
The galleries vary in height from eight
to twelve feet. and are from two TO four
feet in width. Their sides are pierced with
a series Of shelves, one above another.
which rave been aptly compared with the
book shelves Of a library. and every niche
contained one sr more bodies.
The sspulchres are all after the pattern
afforded by the burial Of Christ. -hewn OFT
Of the rock, wherein never yet had any
man been laid and to each corpse was as
signed its separate place. The inches are
characterized by the simplicity Of their
form and a careful ecOnOmy OF labor and
space.
Almost every grave had n marble or stone
slab with an inscription engraved upon il,
or sometimes only scratched. mostly in
! attn, but several in Greek. containing
generally an Invocation or dedication. fol-
lowed by the name. and in some instances
"A description of the deceased, These in
scriptions vary in length and they afford
a vast field for study.
The ordinary graves are known as LOcuH.
hut at various intervals the succession Of
shelves in the galleries is interrupted and
room is made either for a doorway opening
into a small cha mbeT. where the graves have
a semiciroular form. called drcosOhG or
cabicOh. or else for several chambers made
close together. with altar tOmbs. which
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-12-15

stance. Lucina. a Roman matron, other
wise known as Pomponia GrRcina. who
was converted to Christianity in 81.
gave a vineyard near the Ostian Way
for the burial Of St. Paul, while another
matron Of the same name and probably
OF the same family excavated and gave
her name TO some crypts on the Appisn
Way.
With the passing Of time and the increase
in the number OF Christians the original
cemeteries were extended. excavations on
q larger scale we're undertaken and Rradu-
ally the catacOmbs were formed. The
architects Of the catRcOmbs were q special
class OF persons known as i~Ossorss. or
diggers. who either formed The lowest
order OF the clerics or were a voluntary
association of laymen. a forsrunner Of
the medieval confraterDities who out OF
Christian charity devoted themselves to
this task.
The work Of the fOssores was undertaken
at the peril Of their lives. especially in time
Of persecution. Besides attending to the
excavations Of the catacombs they also
undertook the still more perilous task OF
fetching thither the bodies OF the dead.
ne catacoHbs originally were used
exclusively as cemeteries. but later they
provided places for religious assembly
and in some cases worship. In Apostolic
times they generally met in h house Of
nome wealthy member Of the community.
Later they built churches. After Diocletlan
in 500 ordered the churches to be destroyed
tho Christians evidently then took refuge
In the c~atacombs, which. although known
by their prosecutors 70 exist. could not DO
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-12-15

number OF the MaGi is not always uniform
but this is probably owing more to the order
and regularity in the paintings than TO the
knowledge of the ancient apocryphal ira
dition mentioned by ~. Augustin and st.
ChTysostOm. according 10 which their mum
her was twelve.
A very interesting painting in the Cata-
combs of PrrteNtatus represents a lamb
between two wolves. Common symbOlical
subjects are fishes. doves. palms. DC. Sym
bolical representation was often used owing
10 the discipline drcdpd. u law requiring
Christians to concea from unbelievers the
great mysteries OF faith lest they should be
exposed 10 desecration and blasphemy.
When the fierce prosecutions against the
Christians ceased M the catacombs were
no longer used for burial purposes basilicas.
or churches, were built on them. Such was
that Of st. P%etronilla. the spiritual daughter
Of ~. Peter. a noble lady who IL supposed to
have been one of the Apostles converts.
This basilica was discovered in 1871 and re-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-12-15

DO assumed was the prototype Of later
Christian sepulchres.
The earliest Roman christians were very
probably converted Jews. were naturally
familiar with the Jewish mode Of burial
and in all probability adopted il for them
selves. A gravestOne Uncovered in one Of
the Roman tacomhs bears the date of the
third year Of the reign Of Vespssisn. A. ID.
u. and thus affords proof Of the. antiquity
Of the catacombs as places Of burial.
In early times Christians were probably
buried on property. a garden or vineyard,
belonging TO private families. and in
fact nearly all the ancient names OF
the catacombs were taken from those of
the owners Of the land. Thus. for in
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-12-15

, From the Washington Herald, b..
Senator Philander Chase Knox was driving
y friend from the railroad station to his farm
nj Valley Forge when an Incident occurred
which called to mind a certain passage from
PoDe's "Essay on Man" The visitor quoted
the lines. and Senator Knox. much to the
surprise of his guest. took IL up and gave the
lines following.
How did YOU happen to know thstl" he
was asked.
r. YOU will repeat any line from the Essay, ="
text. for ! know every word OF IL. have
paid particular attention all my life To
memory training and when / was quite young
I received a prize for committing to memoir
,OGO verses from the Bible" Ely
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-12-15

native builders have a method Of ira nspOrting
mortar which makes il seem. more like play
than wOrk-tO the OnlOokeF
The mortar is mixed in 4 pile in the street
sly pounds each. which he losses To the maj
who stands on u ladder midway bet Ween the
roof and the ground. The man catches the
hall and losses u M 10 the man who stands
on the roof.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-12-15

stored recently by the Commission Of Sacred
Archaeology.
The oatacombs nave been stripped Of all
the objects OF interest they contained. such
as rings. seals, lamps, ampull@. cups of orna-
mented glass. instruments OF martyrdom
and even inscriptions. and these are now
scattered In the public museums and private
collections.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1907-11-28
At THE CAPITAL
How Thanksgiving Day Is Observed
in the Eoreian Locations.

Our American feast is observed in the
foreign legations at Washington by cus-
toms peculiar to the mother country. and
the dishes know in tho fathers house"
are most IN evidence. even though the
American fowl has its place. Sir Henry
Mortimer Durand pres!des al the feast In
the household OF the British embassy and
gathers about him a coterie of friends.
Here thec custom of the country represent
ed and the ono adopted bear a mhla nee
and the day is observed without a marked
change In their mode of living.
But IN the legations of the Japanese.
the Korean aud the South American the
conformity to American observances. In
duced by the markets Astounding In Amer
lean foods, means a decided change on the
menu cards. and yet with but few excep-
tions the diplomats and attaches make an
effort to observe the customs in ,Nlr coun-
try.
The Chinese form an exception. for in
several instances the presiding genius of
the Chinese kitchen has refused to become
enthused into any flights of astronomical
idealisms by Thanksgiving or. .anx-o..er
Christian feast. Yet the spread made ON
that day 10 OF true Celestial maenifceuce.
And when the meal is over. with its varied
dishes. the Chinese minister and his close
attaches. no doubt. adjourn to the s,nok.
ing room with their pipes and hop dol and
the feeling that 'all the world is China.
and China IL like heaven."-Ina Canitola
Tmery in Household.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1907-11-28

NrN and stunning gown combinations
are OF dead oh rose ANA dull blue.
Nem smart patent leather shoes have
striped black and white cloth tops.
pond lilies III gold and bronze green
are used for the couture decorations.
yellow channels mocassins for bed
room we".. beaded in pink, blue and
White Are pretty.
Black furs Will AVE IA strong vogue.
mink and seaiskin have increased so
tremendously in cost.
!tIlmine takes a new freak in a hat
Of the big bell mushroom order. The
fur forms the steep. slopinc brim.
which is vide.
Pony coats and box coats have long
sleeves and narrow shawl collars: the
halt fitted coats are of him. l~hree-nuar-
ter and fun length.
Whole skins are used in handsome
lieckp'e.es. so arranged that they cross
at the back. and often one single ami
inal IL used for the neckpiece.
Neck pieces and nuffs are trimmed
WITH numerous heads and tails. The
he's Is are softer and more natural in
ihei: mounting than they have been of
recent years.
Hand ernbrcideries are used more
II eyer on elaborate toilets: the work
is OF the finest. and in response Ia the
J'arisian influence. shows touches of
rich color.
.Tnile II chiffon neck ruffs of quite
paSsable siuartness can he purchased
for about 81. They are sprinkled either
Will, velvet dots on self color or tiny
white dots.
Tho shirtwaiSts of white linen and OF
muslin emain in demand. They will
be still more in favor THAI the colorcd
ones. although striped linen and cotton
wolfe will hold their own.
In choosing purple for night wear
great care must be taken TO secure ex-
actiy the right shades. Some purDles
change considerably under electric
light. and others gain i'm brillia ncy and
tone.
Marlboro and other greens and q wide
range of taupes with their lovely
smoky tones, are popular for daytime
uses. and shimmering satin in tints AT
once rich and delicate is the newest fo,.
evening gowns
Among the new materials from which
fashionable women are picking thei,,
winter costumes are the lovely shaded
colors. Green has assumed a yellowish
tinge under the name of chartreuse and
crocodile. Gray has become dark and
indefinite; 1t runs to iron. mole. slate.
etc. Other colors are warm and daz-
zling. such az copper. purple. and old
cnJd yN 40
among these shades purple and dark
blue will predominant.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1907-11-28
TKREE= (0RNERED LOVE AFFAIR."

~! the love affair not,aa,s. do
"iared The t;aciieio, Carl daiutiiy
iiiuni; q bill of t~eatheuisl, nixturc on
INC pom. of her i.ory chorsiicA.s. and
steering i. vita iui,.Tui precision Ia
ner lies. '".c thr.c-cornrled
Fi' Mere Mar giinced up from his
Si;cr suc.y IN aufpiisc
What ave ,yon Leon .~r,aalrg@" he
a'1hrudcd. "trrrch noVrisr"
NO. returned tAc Dacheior Cir!
promptly "thc newspapers. They're
i.lllch more exciting. thrs ~ simply
.rslnnacd Vita 'naioitic.' aud things"
Witt wt,t,r'
'~trinnsuiaf i".r atiaiis,' expsained
III" lacicio, tiiri. "anG ,risS-rross
niatrim"nia: 'nixu,,. .,u, ,pul mate
@iiuntiuns.
Hta, sct d"wr his orirntu' tcacup aud
.sa%cd y, thr t:l.irlnt t;irl hlankly.
Yes she went, on. c,in,iy twisting
a rir, noodit round her Stirks, tile
%iid that arc worked out with three
characters. the man. tlac woman and
IL" Other Woinci. u al. started With
thal snci:listic ARTIST Wtn divorced his
VIC IL order Ia in.t'rA his niNNity It's
quite oid-fashiurcd 10 be in love With
Isn't IT, and S!,r turned "a the mirror
beside her and sut,cptitiou.iv straight
",i"d 'rr Dolly Naror,, hat.
'tumrh! .rnutrd the Mere Man.
dissusiediy. n all started With An
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1907-11-28

ihouy and Cleopatra ana Holtn OF Troy
and King Solomon in my opinion. And
tee only teason ii didn't begin with
Adam and Eve VAS because there was
nt any other wo,nan'-nor amy other
man.-in the Garden te eden"
But even Eve" remarked rho Bachc-
Tor Girt thoughtfully. found u little
distraction in Che serpen, when her fir-
tation with Adam began to pail. |
wonder why il ia" she mussd with her
chin tilted rcflcctively OF one side.
"tl,st we never marry our niinitics."
Perhaps we do" suggested the Mere
Man with cheerful optimism. land don's
know Il. It's hard to see n soul-mate
through Il maze of uri papers aud u
cloud OF temper; and it's difficult to
recognize your spiritual affinity in the
unprepossesslng chap who is latheriug
his face n swearing at his razor in
front of your dressing table. The q
hle is that as sOOI, us you marry her an
affinity ceases to be an affinity and
develops into an ordinary wife,
Yes" agreed the Bachelor Girl. "a
woman loses her spiritual charm when
you begin to class her. in YOUR mind.
with the dining room furniture and the
breakfast rolls and the grocery bills.
Instead OF with music and lights Of the
drawing room. The subtle beauty OF
her frocks and the'enchanting poetry of
her figure disappear the moment you
have learned to button her waists up
the back. The very smell OF the per-
iu,nc she uses has no more Illusions for
YOU than h smell OF the steak at din
ner Or the oranges at breakfast. when
Ii has become a mere part of the do
nestle regime and YOU have discovered
that 1T costs So.M an ounce. The other
woman" and h poured herself a cup
of tea with Il ~deprecating little shake
nj the head, certainly mas the best OF
the situation"
.Of course" agreed the Mere Man,
stahbiue u bit OF star fruit" and
studying II intently before eating II.
,'the other woman rs the night before
and the wife is the morning after IL
we could all leave our wives at the
front door after the ball or the theatcr
and not see them again until they had
worn Oft the morning hendache and
gotten the house in running order ami
yccurled their pompaGOurs. they'd new
'er lose their first enchantment. It's
getting behind the domestic scenes and
seeing the feminine wheels 40 round
that takes all the edge OF u mans illu-
slons and all the color Oft his
Matrimoly is the alarm clock that
wakes ue up from loves young dream
and plungeS us into h cold shower
haiti, Of realities. You never catch an
affinity with almond paste on he,
cneeks and \ sTnudgc on her nose
and
..T've noticed.. interrupted the Bache.
lor Girl with sudden inspiration. that
.aftinities' always have straight noses
.sWhat?" .. ...--.
And lE-inch waists and curly hail
and a sweet smile. and about tel
years advantage of the wife In the
matter Of youth. l's a funny thina
about n soul mate that she Is alway,
rood looking. Perhaps IL Cleonatrs
had wcighe. about nifty pounds more
tfnn shc did, Antony wouldn't hav,
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1907-11-28

I naec = good f,ose. renarke'l The
=. =, ,lor C..ri. regarding that featui, in
.n. mirror oesid. her WIN S'tisfac-
A.d your heur4 is 81 poem and. un-
i.Hi hal. you iooS l-a yrs''~ young
.- 'hat ~"
- nes YOU, par!un,
r,s H~acaelcr Cir ar-hel ch#'m-
ia. o,.ns an aH,uy. She said
.it!. a.cisina. ~NoH If J we're your
You aorian'f b. sn'.ae away across
fhrt tnh!". nut il TIE Mere Man
80. rc,oined tn f;acneior Girl. .I'h
probably be sitting at home Waiting.
wai!c SAG steak go cold and my tenn
,,e, got hot aad the cook got mad
"And III he sitting n the Office,
g!iis1iua oui another dollar o! two
toward the monthly expenses.
And when W. met. irstead of siNin.
ns pretty compliments. you'd giN" me
. peck on the cheel; and u gtowl.'
And instead of discussing psychology
.nd soul mates. we'd be discussing he
snrrants and the pric" OF salt"
And Ia tell you just what 1
thnU.ht.'
'Aii [ wouldn't tell YOU jus, what l
thought. And yet added the Mere
MAJ rearettullv regarding the lighted
point of his cigaret. you'd look jolly
nice .lcross the lire"
Md" sighed Me Bachelor Girl visit
fully Ill would he Swect to have a
coy little dinner tabic with somebody
on IN other side of it,"
~ bachelors hat's a beastlv old
prrpositi"n.'
And Il studio is stupidity lonely"
Come" aid tho Mere Man. reaching
inlpuisively across the table. Maybe
We car mix mnt.imony and affinity"
No. thank YOU replied thu Bachelor
Girl. shaking herself suddenly. 'i'n re-
main right where / am"
Where"
Hers-
'i:ut yor can't"
ln ny corner OF the situation"
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1907-11-28

found he SO spiritually ~'o.S7uiai. ar
ii it"'rn of troy had > hump. Paris
wouldn't have gon" ,r var about ner.
S",i companiou+hip uepauds q ~hole
lhi rn how a Woman ioes her hair. and
whether her c!othes ~ q, not. and
what nurnb.i shors She wears AID
thu bachelor Eiri .aznd os,nureiS iuto
her tcacup.
"N"as"ns". Gbj"rir. IA" Mrrr Man
~rirtuuusiN. "i.ooiSs haven anything
t" Il" wifi IN" attraction OF The other
N"ln,n. It's her distance. her position
on the othol' side of the affair tha;
's'Hi ciichitrtInrn' The other om-
an Ia any girl tlat happens to come
along al ;hc noncn wn"n he wife
hNs begun Ia GO, ON hex uusband's
GerNcs and the domestic machinery IL
becoming clogecd. aud she honeymoon
Is uNo,. md the novelty has worn off
'ith IA" rot;anr" mas disappeared.
Shes the contrast in The picture. HE.
higl, tight thai rciinvcs thu shadows
OF marital infclicity. She may b. u
serpent o.. a fool 3, beauty or y trump.
but II shes tender an! syn0,athetic
Sues got all the advantages IL hcr
iial,dS."
But she hasn't ANY OF tn rights
protested the Bachelor Girl.
No agreed The Mern Mali. she
hasn't the right TO complain. or nag.
% boss. al ,ieln;llnl. She hnsu't the
right to ask why OF 'nhcu. or
whore or with whom Yer roll OF the
delivering augol is nli on, our FOR hrr.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1907-11-28
OF the NOSE

If young mothers Who see reformed
noses on grown children would realize the
amount Of good they could accomplish
with Il new baby thus afflicted there would
he fewer girls thu burdened through life.
The nose is so plastic that in extreme
youth 1t can be nodded into perfect shape.
and. frankly. the younS mother and nurse
can do this as we'll AZ any professional.
Even in early adult life ii il possible for a
person to help shape their nose u! proper
handling of the handkerchief and freqnent
massage. or course. dcforrn;tics that are
caused by blows or falls should he treated
at once by a competent surgeon.
Children should he laugh; 10 brt athe
through the nose and not through the
mouth. This is an imnortant feature OF
early training and one very often neg
Iected. All manipulations Of the nose
should he very gentle. as the skin is cN-
tremely tender. In order to obtain good
results with massacinE the nose into
shape you should first wash ii we'll with
very hot. not warm. water and pure I'M
scented soap. This opens the pores and
makes the muscles more susceptible to the
treatment. Dry the nose and apply a good
supply OF cold cream. Use the foretingers
of zach hand on either side Of the nose
and work with a rotAty motion down.
ms tetluS to rCJUce me DTeaUti OF tnc
nose. In extreme cases Il Is sometimes
VOL TO wear a patent device known rs
the nose clip" which can be procured
al almost any 'irst-clasS druggists. but
care should be taken that the device does
not tit too snuely. as thai Is apt to m
pede circulation. a thing always TO be-
avoided.
Large and distended ncst,ils are not
always natural. and ortentimcS can be
successfully cured at home by pressing
the nostrils in with the TWO forefingers,
beginning AT the base and working to
the tip. always using the rotary motion.
A very common trouble. ard one very
difficult to remove. is a red nose. Many
of my correspondents seem to be thus
burdencd. Tho causes of this particular
disorder are many. II comes sometimes
from exposure to cold. excesses in cat
ing and drinking. indigestion and consti-
nat,on. Many times il Is hereditary and
when such is the dircdI ats.r-tS-S
most impossible to conquer 1t. Poor cir
culation is another means OF causing the
rcd nose. Needless to say nat you
should look well INTO the why and
whcrefores" before attempting any ex-
ternal curcs. for nine cases out Of ten
the trouble is an internal one.
h skin OF noses which become red &
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1907-11-28

While the wife is tightening the mat
'lmclal moose about her husba nd the
affinity leaves him free as air. While
the WI" is delugins him with tears
ana ~rrproach"s. she is soothing him
with smiles and sympathy. And the
more resentfu! and suspicious the wife
becomes the more soleful and allur-
would only change places: ii the wife
would only rrlinuuish her rights and
Lax some NJ The others privilcges-
DO what. Mir. Porter?'
Hand her husband over to the other
woman IL love is a t~hrec-cornered at
fair. why no play -puss-in-corner and
ch;ttige bases? Let the affinity come in
and nanag the cook aud sew for the
children and fight about the bills and
the wife go off and live on the ali
mOny."
IT would be a beautiful revenge"
exclaimed tue Bachelor Girl. enthus-
iasticaliy. ''.And the wife MIGHT on
round once in a while. when abe VAS
looking her best. and do the sympathy
act"
"t;xactly," agreed the Mere Man.
Ana III less than three months she'd
Dc the affinity herself. But" he added
aeprecatingly. women aren't philos-
ophers enough to try that
philosophers" the Bachelor Girl
-cca W. dCTOSS the IaDlo. III
wouldn't take a philosopher, 1t would
take an angel to turn over her house
ana her carriage and her husband ia
another woman. to %relinquish all her.
cl;tims"- "
Claims" exclaimed the Mere Man
uisgustedly. Its the claims "a wife
makes that do all the damage ana
drives her husband to the other WON.
an If she'd claim less she'd get more
Claims are like CLAIMS and he made a
wry face. They lie heavy on your
conscience and your Digestion"
But protested the Bachelor Girl
"a owes his wife sometime"
n owes her everything retorted
the Mere Nan. and that's Just why he
pays II so grudgfngly. He gets TO dread
the thought Of his debt. inst as ha
would dread the thought OF th.. land-
iord or the grocer or the gas collector
IL ne owed them anything. Love 10 lira
money; we'd much rather waste II nm
something we don't need than to ma
dents with II. A wife IL like furniture
uoushI OH the installment plan: she
gets nId and shabby out of date
long before you get done paving for
ner. and the more passe she become.
u higher rate of your installnents :.
ana yet" said the Bachelor Ci.,
looking p reproachfully under her
Dolly Warden hat. You talk In ma
about MARRIAGE "e
only In the abstract" interrunta,,
the Mere Man hastily. a never pro.
What"
!. ...t :never. Sssvosed"--
u never said you did,
never proposed anything on
mineGly. II only said that Won we,.
my affinity ~" were
And that We were spiritually ron.
And Just out for soul mates"