davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-09-26

perbole to say that the water which
the firemen turned upon fire rather
added to the intensity of the confic.
grafton. The heat of the flames instant
ly disintegrated the water and. con-
yerting it into it's constituent gases,
burned them. Let only some inven-
tive genius set himself to work and
apply this principle to the kitchen
range and he shall have fame and fo-.
tune and we cheap and handy sub
stitute for anthracite at 81 ton.
The soundest of eyes has its blind
spot. Anybody can find his own after
a short search. On plain piece Of
paper place the capital letters II 1nd
L some five inches apart, like this:
II l..
Now close your left eye, holding it
tight with your hand if necessary,
Then hold the paper off, say. eighteen
inches from the open right eye. LOOx
only at the letter II. But "out of the
corner of your eye" as we say. yor
will catch glimpse of the letter L.
Now slowly move the paper closer to
the eye, keeping that eye peeled on
the r all the while When the paper
is about six inches from ..he eye the
L will disappear You have ceased
to see it out of the corner-that is, you
have apparently ceased to see it. Move
the paper closer yet to your eye, and
the l. will reappear. 1t has simply
hn 0ir,1 ~
vision
We hear great deal about the
Observation-Disclosures famous heartstrings
which the theater press agent prom
ises us shall be played upon by his
drama. You sit in your seat before
the play, turning the leaves of your
programme, and YOU hit upon the an
nouncement of the next attraction. 1t
is sure to say that this powerful at
traction will reach the heartstrings.
Now. most of us have held those heart
strings to be but Il figure of speech.
Poor lay fools that we are. we know
not that they have Il place in physiolo-
gy and Il very large place in everyday
life. The heart without heartstrings
doesn't work. that's ALL
We all know that between the anricl,.
and ventricle are valves. But those
wonderful automatic valves are not
stout enough in their own tissue to
hold back the pressure that the heart
imparts to the flow of blood at each
Of its beats. And nature. with her
| wonderful provision for everything. has
I fitted to those valves complete sets
of tiny guy wires which stiffcn them
| to their work OF course they are not
of wire: they are tendons. hlt they do
very we'll considering the double duty
| they perform. Go to the Bowdoin
| square aud learn for yourself the ex-
| tras they are called upon to perform.
Truly harmonious nature has her ca.
| PRECIOUS moments and dearly loves a
feat. Il paradox. bit of sport-Ro
! ton Transcript
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-09-26
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, La.
THOS. D. BOYD, A. M, IL. D., President

D>HE LOUISIANA improvements
the offers
Of Louisiana obtain battle life.
mechanical agriculture mechanic
Large well supplied reading Fully equipped
grounds Forty instructors and $40 students last session
$26 for of months Session Sept 49, 1907
For full information or catalogue address WESTBROOK Secy
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-09-26
Well Acquainted.

Magistrate Stay! cannot allow
yon to address the bench in this ia
miliar manner. Prisoner-Beg your
lonor's pardon, but you and me has
met 90 often we seems like old friends.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-09-26
Exactly.

EXdCIfy.
A good English country mayor found
himself at table in large restaurant
between two young men, who began
to make fun Of him.
II see. young sirs." lie said. that
You are making fun of me, but | as
sure you that l am neither stupid nor
an ass.
"Ah," said one of them, perhaps
you are between the two"
Exactly was the prompt reply
I'm between the two
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-09-26
The Noneha,ant Canton Merchant.

Frequently on entering Il Canton
shop You will find it's owner with 4
book in one hand and pipe or fan in
the other and wholly absorbed in his
studies. You will be doomed to dis
appointment if you expect the smoker
to start up at once. all smiles and
blandness, rubbing his hands together
as he makes d, ,shrewd guess rs to what
he is likely to take out of you and re-
ceiving You with ebsequiousness or
with rudeness accordingly. Quite the
reverse Your presence is apparently
unnotieed unless you happen to lift
anything. Then you hear that the fan
has been arrested and feel that keen
eye is bent on your movements all
the while. But it is not until You in
quire for some article that the gentle
man, now certain that you mean to
trade. will rise without hustle from
his seat. show you his goods or state
the price he means to sell at. with n
polite yet careless air which plainly
says, "If it suits you, we will make an
exchange. Through China With a
Csor,o,a
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
SENATOR JOINS
HAND WITH TAFT
Rhode Island Statesman Will
Become Affiliated With
The Ohioan.
KENTUCKY MAY RESENT.
TEREsTS IN CONGRESS MAKES
HIM OBJECTIONABLE TO THAT
STATE.

Washington, Dec. 31.-Secretary
Taft's friends report that Senator Mel
son w. Aldrich of Rhode Island has
joined the Taft forces. Senator Aid
rich is regarded by the Taft boomers
as notable acquisition. He is the
father-in-law of John ID. Rockefeller
Jr., and is known in congress as the
special representative of the great
mOneyed interests. The Taft promot-
ers feel that his support in lining up
the money barons for Taft will be
very valuable.
In other quarters, however, there is
a suspicion that if AldriCh's work for
Taft becomes too open and con3picu-
Gus it may do him more harm than
good. For instance. Aldrich is per-
soma non grata in Kentucky, where
the Taft men are trying to secure dele
gates. AS chairman of the Finance
committee he has repeatedly thrOttled
the bill removing the tax from leaf to-
baccO, the measure which the indie
pendent tobacco growers of Kentucky
depend upon to relieve them from the
oppression of the tobacco trust 1t is
claimed that Aldrich's action in kill
ing this bill every time it has come be-
fore his committee is directly respon-
sible for might riding" and other de-
predations in the tobacco region.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

afternoon with Mrs. Oscar Hasty, of
tendance of members and the after
noon was pleasantly spent. The pro
gram was an interesting one, consist
ing of musical numbers and papers.
Piano solo-Miss Inez Hasty.
Current events-By club members.
Roll call
Duet-"Vesper Bells" Mrs. Hasty
and daughter.
Paper-"Women in Our Wars" Mrs
Groce
Song-"America," by members.
Paper-"Mothers Of Great Ameri-
cans" Mrs. Ford.
Paper-"Songs of Our Nation" Mrs.
Hasty.
Song-"Stars of the Summer Night"
Duet.
Recitation-Miss Inez Hasty
The next meeting of the club will be
in two weeks and will be with Mrs.
Thomas R. Jessup as hostess.
j 4 Z.
Mr.. w. w. Richardson, of Kansas
City, who has been visiting few days
with Mrs. Richardson and her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. w. II. Afford, of the
Wayne fat, has returned home.
!. 1. J.
Oliver and Martin Fetta who are
students at the University of Michi-
gan, have been spending their vaca-
ton with their parents, Mr. and Mrs
Harmon Fetta.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

a few weeks visit at Greensburg and
Shelbyville, Ind.
j. !. !.
The Twentieth Century Dancing
club of Centerville, will give its first
dance New Years night for the mem
bers only. The music will be furnish
ed by Cornell and Wheeler, of Cam
bridge City.
Mrs. Elmer Moody, of Muncie, is the
guest of Mrs. Ed Klute for a few days
The children of the Primary depart
ment of the Second PRESBYTERIAN
church will be given a New Years
party in the church parlors Wednesday
afternoon from > to 4 so o'clock The
girls will bring their dolls and the
boys their toys. This is an annual
affair and is greatly enjoyed by the lit
tie folks.
On New Years eve, the Elks will
give card party at their club rooms
in the Colonial building to which all
members and their lady friends are in
vited. The affair will be one of the
most important social events in Elk
circles given this season and it is ex-
pected that the attendance will be
large. Music will be provided and a
buffet luncheon will be served.
Mrs. George Mashmeyer, was host
ess for the Dorcas society Monday aft
ernoon, at her home on South Four
teenth street.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Williams of
Detroit, Mich, and Miss Katie Rock,
of Dayton, O.. are spending the holt
days with Mr.. and Mrs. Meerhoff and
Miss Nellie Tangeman.
+ !. +
Mr.. and Mrs. Omar Murray will Gu
terrain a card club of which they are
members on New Years eve. the af-
fair being a watch party.
i i. j.
watch night party will be given at
Reid Memorial church this evening.
A musical program will be rendered
and a chime concert will be given at
midnight.
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Stein delight
fully entertained Monday evening in
honor of Prof. Fred Wickert and wife.
Of Blue Island, Ill. Those composing
the party were MeSsrs. and Mesdames
Henry Koring, Richard Atringer. Lou
is Fraumann, VIII Fraumann. Frank
Johnson, George HOrning. Charles Gil
dahour. Will Duning Edward Stein
and Fred Wichert.
The Helping Hand society will meet
Thursday afternoon, Mrs. William
Klopp Of Glen Miller, being hostess.
Mrs. VIII Gaar was hostess Monday
afternoon to a tea party at Ger apart
ments at the Westcott hotel. DurinC
the hours, which were from , to
o'clock, many guests called and spent
q very pleasant time socially. The
holiday colors, appropriate to the sea
son. During the afternoon a charm
ing luncheon was served. A consid-
cradle number Of invitations were is
sued.
!. = !.
y union meeting of the Woman's
Home and Foreign Missionary Socie-
ties, of Grace NJ. +. church will be
held Wednesday afternoon with Mrs.
7. NJ. Guild. 2S1 North 10th street, as
hostess, assisted by Miss Carrie Lesh
The hoRrs for the meeting are from
to O'Clock. All members are in
vited and each member is privileged
to bring guest,
- = = zsas
The Criserisu Society nsk Axonf1x.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
SAW VISION or
FATHERS FUNERAL
Maier Then Hurled Himself to
Death.

Columbus, O., Dec. 31.-After declar-
ing that he had seen a vision OF his
fathers funeral cortege in Germany
Gustav Maier tonight hurled himself
from a window in the third story
where he boarded and broke his neck.
Death was instantaneous. Maier had
been worrying over his fathers de-
mise, several days age. ever since he
learned the news. 1t so affected him
that ne had not worked for the past
few days
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
BAD EGGS USED BY BOYS AND MEN
ON PREACHER WHO TRAOUCED WOMEN

Evansville, Ind, Dec. 31.-Enraged
Swe eton in a sermon at Newburg Sun
day night, when he said that any wom-
an who danced was of questionable
character, young society men of New
burg last night assaulted the minister
with bad eggs and clubs.
The assault occurred at o'clock.
The ancient eggs struck him in such
quantity that he was felled to the
sidewalk, and while down was kicked
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

from gashes on his face, head and
arms. He regained his feet and ran
three blocks 10 store. His attackers
pursued him to the store door. pelt-
ing him with eggs all of the time.
Sweeton later got bath and clean
clothing.
Sweeton's wife some weeks ago &C
cused him publicly OF offering her
5000 if she would not fight his suit for
divorce
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
HUNDREDS OF MILES
PLACED UNDER BLOCK
Pennsylvania Added 1900
Miles in 3 Years.

The block signal installation made
by the Pennsylvania roads in the last
three years aggregates nearly 1900
miles and has cost the company
$S30,451, which has been added from
year to year to the annual operating
expenses. The Pennsylvania now has
every mile of it's main line protected
by block signals.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
SOCIETY NEWS


IN One OF the most pleasant social
hevents of the holiday season will be at
cthe Country Club New Years day,
when the club will keep open house
for the members and their invited
Lguests The committee in charge has
perfected arrangements to make it the
most enjoyable social event of the
season at the country club. 1t is
probable that every member of the
club will spend at least a. portion of
the day there and enjoy the hospitali-
ty Of the committee in charge. The
Hooms will be prettily decorated in col
ors appropriate to the season. and the
affair promises to be a most enjoya-
BILE one Music and luncheon will be
provided, The committee in charge
will be Mrs Wilbur Hibberd, Mrs. Ray
IShiveley, Mrs. Wickham Corwin and
Miss Josephine Gates. Those who will
compose the receiving line are MIR. and
Mrs. Charles Shiveley, Mr. and Mrs.
fGuy McCabe, Mr.. and Mrs. S. E.
fSwayne, Mr.. Nettleton Neff. Mr.. and
iMrs. Wilbur Hibberd.
The Ladies' Aid Society of East
Main Street Friends church will hold
Sts regular meeting Thursday after
moon at one O'Clock.
pI = :. :.
- DR.. and Mrs. c. S. Wilson, of
South Fourteenth street, will enter
tain at family dinner New Years
day.
$50
-, f1A
guest of Mrs. J. A. Walls, OF 81 South
Tenth street, for a few days. Miss
Likely is teacher in the Muncie
schools.
Miss Ruth and Windsor Harris have
returned from visit at Wabash with
their sister, Mrs. Joseph Huff.
!. =
Miss Viola Ruth Kutter left for the
East today where she will enter
school for girls. She was accompan-
led by her mother, Mrs. Emma J, King
kuttcr.
Miss Martha Geier and Miss Elsie
penzelman, are guests Of indianapolis
friends this week
A very pleasing concert was given
Monday evening at the Christian
church, under the auspices OF the
Ladies' Aid society. the program be-
ing given by Miss Lindsay. pianoiSt:
Miss Kaufman. soprano; Miss Karl,
contralto and Miss Eikenberry, violin
fst. The Misses Eikenberry and Lind
say are students in the Oberlin con-
servatory of music. and are accom-
plished musicians. The Misses kauf-
man and Karl, both local vocalists of
ability, rendered their selections in
their usual pleasing manner. The
same program will be rendered soon
at the Presbyterian church at Eaton.
50 !
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Knollenberg en-
tertained the Olive Branch bible class
Monday evening. The program con
sisted of music and short addresses.
German songs were rendered in a
pleasing manner. Addresses were
made by Rev L. G. Howard, Rev. Min
ter, Rev Smith and George II, Knoll
lenberg. Following. the program the
evening was spent socially.
:. !. -
The Ladies' Aid society of the First
English Lutheran church will hold
birthday social Thursday afternoon i'll
the church parlors at $50 o'clock. 4
program has been prepared
+ :.
Mr.. and Mrs w f. Jenkinson and
son of San Jose. Cal, arrived this
morning TO spend a few days with F.
B. Jenkinson and, other relatives.
!. + -
Miss Grace Wolfe has returned from
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
P0UTEO AND THEN
KILLED HERSELF
Sends Bullet Into Brain as
Husband Left.

Pittsburg, Dec. 31-"Blue" because
her girl friend would not stay for sup
per this evening and because her hus-
band had to go to work, leaving her
alone, Mrs. Stella HartzoIl, aged six
teen, committed suicide. She used a
revolver
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
BABY is REALLY
ITS OWN UNCLE.

Bucyrus. O.. Dec. 31-A son born
to Mr.. Charles Kuenhle is his own
uncle.
The child's father is also its
grandfather.
When kuenhle'S first wife-a
widow with several daughters
died he married one Of her daugh
tiers. - -
He is his wife8 Ser as
we'll as her hue ~ ba-
by is a ster mother
brothers ar 3 well
"a. - BOND.
-. -. - Z Commissioner.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
WHITEWATER CHURCH
HAS EXERCISES
Christmas Event Held Last
Sunday.

The Friends Sabbath school at
Whitewater church, corner North 10th
and G streets was bubbling over with
Christmas cheer last Sunday.
The usual quarterly review was dis
pensed with a very entertaining Christ
mas program was rendered instead:
each Of the nine classes contributing
its share in appropriate songs. rocfta-
tons, concerts and class exercises.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
OOWELL KING GOES
TO TENNESSEE
Has Accepted a Position in
Nashville.

Dowell King, q we'll known Rich
mond young man, left yesterday to &C
cept position in the Nashville, Tenn,
agency of the Gaar. Scott < Company.
Mr.. King has been employed at the
local Offices Of this company in the ca
pacity of stenographer. for several
years.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
NOTICE OF ELECTION.

Notice is hereby given that the an.
nual meeting of the stockholders of
the Richmond Home Telephone Com.
pany will be held at the home office
of the Company, % North 9th street
in the City OF Richmond, Indiana. on
Wednesday. January -, 1908. at .
O'Clock, p. IN. for the purpose of elect
ing seven directors of said Company
for the next ensuing year. and for the
transaction of such other business as
may properly come before said meet
ing
\ G. LINDEMUTH. President.
l. +. BROWNE. Secretary.
dec51-jan1
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
ENTIRE NOUS CLUB.

Annual banquet to be held at club
rooms for members and visiting
friends out of city. Every member is
requested to be present. Dinner at 6
p. m. sharp.
Signed.
SOFT Committee.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
CRAZED By JEALOUSY
MAN KILLS THREE
Montgomery Blew Wife's
Brains Out and SIaught-
cred Two Men.
DOMESTIC TROUBLES CAUSE

Abbeville, La. Dec. 31.-Crazed by
jealousy, Ernest Montgomery. aged 80
a negro farm hand. blew his wifes
brains out with a shotgun. then shot
Robert Brooks 10 death. continuing his
slaughter by beating the brains out of
Henry Celestan with the butt IF tho
gun. Domestic troubles were the
cause.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

This is the season when your blood
needs purifying: if the blood is pure
and healthy. You'll be we'll The
most reliable blood remedy is Hollis
ter's Rocky Mountain Tea. Nothing
can do more good. SOC, Tea or Tablets.
A G.. Luken & Co.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

An Old lady, bearing somebody say
the mails were very irregular, said,
'It was SO in my young days; no
trusting any of EN-"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
CHEST CONTAIN
THOUSANDS IS lost
Relatives of Hoosier Farmer
Are Now Searching for
SIS, 900. i
SHIPPED 8EFoRL R.
THE TREASURE CHES
TO MICHIGAN FtFT
AGO WHEN RON
ABOUT TO CULMIN-

Lawrenceburg. Ind.
tives of William T. He
a few days ago in the
~ tOhio) infirmary,
to trace a box said TO
$1,000. which Rees 81
home in Elizabethtow
point in Michigan. nea
ago.
Rees was a son of
of the Big Miami bcP
Tilted by his sweethe
during the gold fe-
1S49. While in CALI
"A fortune and he retuT
and invested his none
Tilted by !
He had never mari
who Tilted him in hid
was now a grandmotht'
Michigan. and when !
she was Il widow. RI
suit. Just what meastk
warded him is probler,
Rees confided to Sos
bors that he was abou
This was fifteen years
his real estate hol,
something like S15.aD
some point in Michigan
or to his departure he
iron chest. which it
tanned his wealth. I
he returned without h
immuned himself I'm a
Ohio-Indiana line. VIII,
two years ago when he
infirmary.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
PILES CURED IN 6To II {

PAZO OINTMENT is guaranteed
cure any case Of Itching, Blind. Ble.s
ing or Protruding Piles i'm TO Ii day
or money refunded. SOC
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
DRESSED TURKEYS AND CHICK.
FMS

We will have a choice lot of all
kind of poultry for New Years.
Schwegman's Meat Market. Both
Phones. SOFT
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
THE CITY IN BRIEF
Buttertck's patterns. Morris & Cos

Buttertck's patterns. Morris & Cos
G. r. Cause for moss wreaths. If
The household goods belonging TO
the estate Of Hannah VI. Spinning will
be sold at auction at her late resi-
dence, corner South 18th and A streets
Thursday, Jan. 2, beginning at 8
O'Clock. Terms cash. sat-mon-tues
Elsie Commons of New Paris. Ohio.
returned home after spending a few
days with Mr.. Thomas and other rela-
tives
Herman and Hugh Thomas are here
spending a few days with Mrs Thorn
as. Of North 18th street.
Mr., and Mrs. Ross E.,ts Of their
Shirley, Ind. are Il Meyers and 9th.
mother, Mrs. Paulinky-
er relatives in the cfp of Cambr;ds,,
Mrs. }. E Inge- rends in the#cffv
City is The que
lAoNtbe.greates. num-
--o>"-~""~>.''r~~~"' s.easeet Is the
We can help make ksxhis.f, 49, :
estly we can.
Laundry. y,
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
AFRAID TO co BACK, r
SAID PRETTY WON.
She Was Threatened With II
And Feathers. I.

/ Marion. O.. Dec. 3l.-Mrs II 4
Bent. 81 years old created a sens.
in court today al the hearing Of Il
yorce petition of her husband CHI
Bent aged ~ years prominent
rue citizen. a~-ed by her alto 30
49, -" DC willing to live vi 20
wilI,na u again, she declared ST 2 10
why asked the judge :. z-so
because they threatened tbs a M
',,s -s me II ! came back th5 a. m.
ps,ed tne handsome defendaat
Most OF the testimony wag4
r. -. concerns -cu, read r.r~s--
= n sysup Pepsin Is positive5x
e.o6sssi,~ SFsrse = ::.ssses.iDessaa. POND.
- 4.s9 e zach 6oub5c. -
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

Throw away pills and strong catharScs wffcl
- v;oien. in action, euo always have - ha-
:. Caidwei's Syrup peps.1, the sLarante,
SIC for constirhtion and ii diseaaes axjsin
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

Chicago passengers using c.. c. q
L, trains land at 18th ST Ullincis
CentraD Station, mes. conveniently
located. Rem emoer this 6-tf
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31
LAyHtbe

We can help make (which j
estly We can. r.
Laundry.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

The Ladies Aid society of the First
English Lutheran church will hold a
birthday social Thursday afternoon i'll
the church par1ors at $50 O'Clock. \
program has been prepared
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1907-12-31

Mr.. and Mrs. w. f. Jenkinson and
son of San Jose. Cal, arrived this
morning TO spend n few days with F.
B. Jenkinson and other relatives.
- Il -