davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Der Deutsche correspondent. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1841-1918, 1907-02-02
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217 SIt.g Baltimore trase. (303)
Der Deutsche correspondent. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1841-1918, 1907-02-02
Wag &eiTert,
Semfidler Hbutperapb,
400-411 Wpro.U -Strabe,
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Fnrtrnit init feinent NabInen fir S3,50.
Neauldrer sreis St5. 10.
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MAR Nelitrt, 409-4t1, Noro.8an' strase.
(Eedfl,iS)
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
Duty of Good Citizens.

Home and its protection is the safe
guard of all government That citi-
zen who has the love of home and
fealty to homo interests, is a worthy
representative of commonwealth. It
is the mass OF such men that are the
backbone of any community, and,
figuratively, the mainstay and the
rock upon which the nations are
founded. Whoever lives in a COM
munity and fails to support the pub
lie institutions and does not assist In
the building up Of Industries that add
to the greatness Of that community, is
like an alien. While he lives one
place, his heart is in another He is
not the ideal citizen, for he is not In
harmony with those who are his
neighbors. 1t Is the duty Of every
resident of a town or community to dc
his utmost to advance its interest
By thus doing he not alone assists
himself, but his neighbors, his town,
his county, his state and his nation.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
MARKET DAYS IN TOWNS.
aueecssfuI Plans to Entertain Visitors
and Attract Tr.de.

How to attract trade to towns 10 q
question that interests every business
man. There must be some attraction
fer people Of the surrounding country;
some entertainment to please. Many
means have been put In operation by
different towns to bring about the OBJ
jects desired. The people of the small
er towns in different western states
have inaugurated street carnivals, fall
festivals and similar enterprises to
entertain people from the surrounding
farming sections. These methods
have been universally successful, and
have resulted in bringing trade to the
towns that otherwise would have gone
elsewhere. Not alone this, but the
residents of the rural districts are
brought in contact with the city peo-
pie on friendly basis and harmonious
relations established that are highly
desirable.
In many towns market days have
been established. From early spring
until late in fall one day in the month
is set aside for market day." For this
occasion bands Of music are engaged,
balloon ascensions, baseball games,
races and similar attractions are en-
ployed to interest the people. All these
are free, the expense being borne by
the business interests of the town.
The farmers are invited to bring to
the town their horses, cattle, hogs, in
fact, every product that they have for
sale, and the same is auctioned off to
the best advantage. On these market
days all kinds of articles can be had
at bargain prices. Each storekeeper
makes special efforts to offer bargains,
and generally the sales are enormous.
A few enterprising small towns that
have adopted the market-day idea
have become noted for many miles
about as lively trade centers and take
trade away from territory in the neigh
borhood Of less enterprising towns.
The market-day idea Is worthy of con-
sideration by business men in small
towns who desire to pursue an mex
pensive method OF attracting trade to
the place.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
lima To Awaken.

Any plan devised that tends toward
greater business Capitalization makes
easier the building up of harmful
combinations. During the past ten
years billions OF dollars have been
sent to the large cities by the resi-.
dent OF rural communities. and these
billions have been used in building up
trusts that work against the best in.
terests of the masses who reside in
agricultural sections. Is 1t not time
to awaken to the dangers OF sending
money away from the home town.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21

est outlay for artificial improvement
of the Mississippi would tie neoes.
sary The distance between those two
points Is 764 miles. All of the big en-
cheering feats will have to be ac-
complished within that territory. If
stable channel OF II feet can be
maintained in that stretch engineers
declare that the seaboard will no
longer terminate at the Mississippi
delta, but will actually stretch 1000
miles inland to the shore Of Lake
Michigan.
Unreasonable good, 1t Is confident
ly asserted by champions Of the Mis-
sisslppi valley ocean highway, will
come from the establishment of a
14-foot channel between Chicago and
the Gulf Of Mexico. The annual value
Of the internal commerce of the United
States is s22,O00,000. This is the
amount fixed by statisticians OF the
yearly value of the international COM
merce Of the world. 1t is confidently
asserted that with the 14.foot water
highway through the length of the
Mississippi valley the internal COM
merce of the United States would be
immensely increased. Hundreds of
millions Of dollars worth Of materials,
1t is declared, now go to waste in the
great middle west because of the ina
bility OF the railway systems of the
country to transport them. The con-
gestion, 1t is pointed out, on the au-
thority of such experts as James j..
Hill and e. ii. Hartman, is becoming
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21

OF grain could not be moved last year
because of the railway congestion, and
the west suffered a coal famine be-
cause cars we're not available and the
limit OF transportation had been
reached in other ways.
James j. Hill has pointed out that
not only has the limit been reached In
the movement OF freight, but even
should cars, locomotives and tracks
be supplied. there is now and Is beund
to be for years to come a dearth OF
terminal facilIties.s Mr.. Hill has estI-
mated that the cost of constructing
sufficient railway lines to meet the I'm
mediate demands for moving the com
MERGE OF the country would require an
outlay of s5.O00,000000. This esti-
mate. he declares, gives little or no
consideration 20 the future. Mr.. Har-
riman n short time since announced
that in order TO meet transportation
requirements the gauge OF the railways
OF the country and the rolling stock
would have TO be doubled.
Some time ago." Mr.. Hill said. II
asked real estate man what 1t would
cost to got tier Of blocks. one OF the
narrowest. from the Harlem river 10
Thirty.third street, New York. He
came back in q week and said that
$350.000,000 would not buy II. That
means that for terminals alone It
would cost s165,O00 a mile for every
mile from Chicago to New York be-
fore the line was built. The railroads
can't pay rent on such high-priced
terminal property. >1t ses'
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION.
Prosecution Of Oppressive Combines
Afford Lesson to Home Traders.


Never before has there been such
\ stirring up of the masses and an
awakening as to rottenness In nnnn.
cial affairs among the large corpora
tions az at present. Some one at one
time said that when thieves fall out
the devil gets his reward" SO It
seems at present when faction 10 ar
rayod against faction In exposing
crooked operations In great financial
and business deals. In which the little
fsh are swallowed by the big ones.
and the men in control, like wolves.
lead the lambs TO slaughter.
1t 10 amazing how farspread are the
frauds practiced. and how high up in
public estimation are tho manipula-
tors OF the rotten deals. The stealings
Of the millionaires and multi-million.
aires. the intrigues and their perjuri-
GUS lying and Misrepresentation to
accomplish their aims; the intricacy
OF the machinery used in their opera
tons. the perfection Of the means, the
combinations employed to fleece the
people Of dollars. would do credit to
q Gagliostro or q MRchiavelli. or a
Capt Kidd.
There cannot be doubt that these
various articles appearing In the mag
azines and general newspapers will
have the result OF opening the eyes
OF the public to things that few hereto
fore ever gave serious consideration.
They will have the effect OF making
the people more cautious In making
Investments OF their earnings, and
will result in lessons that are bene-
fetal to the country OF large. Homo
trade principles preclude the poesibil.
ity OF people losing by the operations
OF such gigantic schemers. Money in.
vested In your own community in the
development OF its latent resources
will give excellent returns, is ever
under your own observation. and while
the percentage OF profit from some
home Investments may nee be UP to
the representations made by the ma
nipulators OF stocks and the shearers
Of lambs in general, you are not SO
likely to be a loser.
d. M. CARR.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21

so deep produces a waterway OF i'm.
mense breadth with uncertain depth
at low water.
The low water season, when the rlv-
or depth is frequently less than IL
feet. averages 100 days yearly in the
district between ST. Louis and Cairo.
The alluvial deposits incident to the
flood overnows must, of course, be
taken into consideration in any scheme
for the curbing of the Mississippi's
width that has the maintenance of an
all the year round deep channel as
Its objective. Saving banks and extern
sive levee construction must be under
taken. II is conceded. in such way
as not to deprive the bottom OF the
enormous wealth OF alluvial deposits
following foods.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
EQUITABLE PROFITS.
Cost Of Production Should Always Be
a Factor in the Matter of Prices.

Profits should bear an equitable re-
iation to cost of production. The farm
or who has money invested in lands,
agricultural implements, stocks, and
other things necessary to carry on his
business, when selling his products
must take int consideration the inter
est ON his money invested, the wear
and tear of farm equipment, the wages
N hired help and a salary for his own
service. When he sells his products
fDr less than pays the expenses nee
essary to carry on his work and cult.
vate his crops, care for his stock, etc.
he is the loser. The same principles
apply to the person engaged in any
other line of business. There is inter
est on capital employed, wages, taxes,
license and cost of articles which com.
prise the stock necessary for opera
ton. Goods must be sold at certain
percentage of profit or there will be
a case for the sheriff or the bank.
ruptcy court, In dealing with our
fellow men We should always bear in
mind the principles of business, and
not exact too great profits or sell OF
buy at prices other than equitable. 1t
Is also good thing to remember when
great bargains are offered that cost
Of production and legitimate profits
must be considered. Too low prices
give cause for suspicion that goods
are inferior in some way. or that there
is a niger In the fence"
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
Matter Is Urgent.

This matter Of transportation IN a
most urgent one. People think there
is no limit 10 what the railroads can
do. There ia a very present limit to
many railroads in the volume OF bush
ness we have to do II takes money to
run railroads. There Is want Of
money in every center. Where Che
business has grown the fastest there
the want Ia greatest. Traffic Is grow
ing five times as fast as railroad mile
age. We might as we'll put railroad
improvement out OF the question"
Hundreds of millions of dollars. It is
admitted would be saved annually by
the substitution Of water transporta-
ton for the present railroad transpOr-
tation between the central wet and
the seashore. Statistics gathered
from all quarters Of the United States
demonstrate that water carriage OF
| freight costs less than one-sixth that
for railroad transportation. The latest
schedules place the freight charge q
bushel of wheat from Chicago 70 New
York at 1920 cents, as against 6.b1
cents by lake and canal. The cost
from st. Louis to New Orleans by
river is AIS cents, as against 11.S
cents by rail between St Louis and
| New York.
| Despite this very great difference in
cost the tonnage of the Mississippi
from st. Louis to it's mouth has stead
lily decreased since 1880. In that year
the number of vessels arriving there
was 4,692. The total tonnage, receipts
and shipments amounted to $2,130,525.
In 1890 the number of vessels arriving
was 3,201, and the tonnage was 1,2S1, )
715. In 1900 the number OF vessels
fell to 2,217 and the tonnage to S12,-
1856. At the present time St Louis
Mississippi tonnage is only 100000.
While the argument is made by the
champions of the inland waterway
project that river regulation is rate
regulation and that the improvement
of the great waterways Of the eoun-
try will do more to regulate freight
charges than all the interstate com
merce laws that can be enacted, prac-
teal railroad men declare that q fur
Their lowering Of railroad freight rates
is really impractcable. They point
out that with the great rail systems of
the country operating to their fullest
capacity they are earning only fair
return on the capital invested. Fur
Their reduction in railroad charges they
maintain, cannot be made while the
outlay for maintenance and operation
remains at the present figure.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
Outlay Of $50, Geo. GOO.

Already start on this lakes to the
Gulf waterway has begun. The Chi.
cago drainage canal, extending from
the shore Of Lake Michigan at the Chi.
caso river TO point between Lock
port and Joliet, ILL.,, is regarded as the
initial stretch Of the great highway.
The drainage canal is approximately
SO miles in length, and as completed is
available from end TO end as a naVi-
gable waterway. capable of accommo-
dating vessels drawing 20 feet OF wa
ter. The cost of the canal has been
approximately s50,O0O,ooO All the out
lay has been borne by Chicago as a
municipality, but it is understood that
for commercial purposes the city is
willing to give the national govern.
ment navigation control OF It.
For six miles the canal follows the
Chicago river to its head. Beyond that
point II runs for % miles through
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21

size of half dollar. and will be
worn suspended from the neck be-
meath the clothing. On the tag Will
appear the name, rank, company, regi
ment or corps of the wearer, and 1t Is
ordered that when not worn as direct
ed, it shall be regarded as part OF the
uniform, and be habitually in the pos
session of the owner.
While this Identification tag would
OF course be more especially valuable
in time OF war, II is thought that IL
will also serve good purposes in time
Of peace, in the event of accidents.
etc.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
DIFFICULTIES to Overcome.

Between st. Louis and Cairo diff.
fculties that a few years ago would
have been regarded as insurmountable
will PROFESSIONALLY be encountered.
The slope there averages only seven
inches per mile for the entire distance
OF 1853 miles. At normal low water the
volume between those two points Is
$4,000 second feet. With the river
in normal food it rises to ten times
that flow and in times Of extraordi-
nary flood has reached between S0O.-
600 and 100000 second feet, A flood
volume OF such magnitude on a slope
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
To Keep the Course.

It Is the working out Of n system of
retaining banks that win not affect the
wealth OF the Mississippi valley coun.
try and at the same time regulate TO
certainty the all the year round
channel depth Of the river that pre-
sents the greatest problem in the
working out OF the 14-foot channel
proposition. or course, maintained
depth OF IA feet will demand less
width In the river in the vicinity of
the bottom and will probably produce
changes in slopes requiring great
corrective work.
Mr.. Cooley estimates that 25 per
cent. increment to the Mississippi
flow Is possible by using the entire
volume of water that can come
through the Chicago canal. He esti-
mates like Increment by the CO.
adjustment Of comprehensive reser.
voirs on the upper Mississippi. This
would make a 12-foot minimum chan.
mel during the period of low water
and give the waterway n depth OF
from Is to 10 feet under normal con.
ditions. From the Red river to the
mouth OF the Mississippi, distance
of 200 miles, the Gulf level is main
tanned. 1t is between the Red river
and the Ohio, at Cairo, that the great
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
Railroads Reach Limit

During the last decade the internal
commerce OF the United States has in
creased more than 100 per cent. while
the railroad transportation facilities
have increased only 25 per cent, and
are now practically at standstill,
All of the railroad transportation ex.
perts admit that the big transcond-
mental lines are being worked to their
fullest capacity. Millions OF bushels
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21

On the plea
OF self-defence
merchants and
Of the Middle
West have Civ
en- impetus to
q movement
for n great in.
land waterway
system that
promises to re-
main In the
forefront Of
national af-
fairs for years
to come. Prac-
ucally every
section of the
country not &C
tually within
the scaboard
zone has TAX
en- up the agi-
tation for q
great inland
waterway and
is likely to
continue the
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21

earth and rock excavation 70 the Des-
PLANES river. it continues along the
waterway for eight miles. In order to
make the drainage canal CONNER
cial waterway capable of floating YES
sells Of large tonnage the engineers
OF the project expended $4,000. 900
more than would have been necessary
for sanitary purposes only. The canal
would have met all of the drainage
and natural watershed necessities at n
considerably less depth than the 20
feet at which II was carried out The
objective OF the creators Of the canal
was not only to dispose of Chicago's
sewage by divorting II from Lake
Michigan, where ii threatened con-
termination Of the city water supply.
but the establishment of navigable
waterway from the lake to the Mis-
sissippi via the Illinois river.
1t Is from Lake Joliet that the next
step In the great lake to Gulf high
way Is expected to be taken. The ter
ritory between Joliet and Grafton.
above st. Louis, has been closely sur
veyed and series Of pools or artificial
lakes has been mapped out TO mark
the levels along what is projected as
the beginning of the great Fourteen
feet through the valley" water course
The first level win be the section be-
tween Joliet and Utica, distance of
81 miles, with fall of &C feet In this
defiance 1t is estimated that three
pools, dams or locks will be necessary
and that a 14-foot waterway easily
can be maintained with q width OF
800 feet.
Between Utica and the mouth OF the
Illinois river, where it empties into the
Mississippi river, at Grafton, is 227
miles. The bed of the Illinois
| river along this distance is
| between six hundred and nine hundred
| feet wide. Along the route the federal
government has already completed
several locks and dams. To secure a
14-foot depth here hydraulic dredging
| averaging seven feet will be neces-
sary. This will necessitate the exca.
! walton of 100,000,000 cubic yards of
soft earth, the estimated cost of which
has been fixed by engineers at ST.
100000.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
To identify the Dead.

An army general order has recent
ly been issued, stating that in the
future all officers and enlisted men
will wear whenever in field uniform
an Identification tag, which will be is
sued by the quartermaster's depart
ment. at cost price to officers, and
without charge to men.
This tag is aluminium, about the
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21

greater every year without prospect
of increasing railroad facilities to any
considerable extent.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
Chicago Canal a Start.


Fourteen feet through the valley
Will be the slogan with which the ad.
vocates of the inland waterways i'm,
provement projects will press their
claims before congress. They main,
tain that all Of the statistics and argu.
ments are on their side and that the
present condition Of affairs in the com.
merciai world is an unerring indica.
ton that the country's future develop
ment depends not alone upon the ex.
pansion Of railroad mileage, but upon
the improvement of the great water
highways Of the country.
What is being urged by the business
interests OF the great central country
Is settled policy OF the Improvement
that will begin at Lake Michigan and
terminate at the delta of the Missis.
sippi 1t was for the inauguration of
this settled national policy that the
recent convention was held in Mem.
phis. This two days convention woand
up the presidents tour OF the Missis-
sippi valley.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1907-11-21
To Control Mississippi.

To Control Mississippi.
Between the mouth of the Illinois,
at Grafton, and the harbor limits OF
St Louis the distance down the Mis-
sissippi river is 80 miles In this
stretch the Mississippi falls 81 feet
1t Is the magnitude of keeping the
great Mississippi tractable and within
bounds and providing a 14-foot chan
mel from st. Louis to the Gulf Of Mex
leo that has given the greatest en-.
gireers Of the country pause What
the completion of that . undertaking
will cost no one processes to know ac-
/ curately. Surmises vary between $780,
! 100000 and $400,000,000. A consider
| able percentage of the former sum has
| already been expended in piecemeal
| improvements on the Father of Wa
ters. Engineers admit that much of
this outlay has been practically vast
ed because the work was not carried
on along any well defined plan. 1t Is
for the laying out of a general plan
OF Mississippi valley improvement
that the business interests OF the
great Central West are now bending
their energies.
After surveying the territory be-
tween Joliet and St. Louis board
Of army engineers few years ago es.
timatod that the cost of a 14-foot wa.
terway between those points would
cost $31, 100000. About the feasibility
Of continuing that stretch at the same
depth as the Chicago drainage canal
there Is no doubt. The only questions
to be considered are those OF dredging
and water supply.
In the opinion Of Lyman Il. Cooley
Of Chicago, one OF the greatest en-
cheering authorities of the country,
the practicability OF carrying the big
inland water highway to successful
completion depends upon the mastery
of the middle Mississippi between st.
Louis and Cairo. The total distance Of
the projected continuous navigable
channel from Lake Michigan, at Chi
cago, to the Eads jetties, in the Gulf
OF Mexico, is 1925 miles, and the fall
is 579 feet from the lake level TO the
Gulf level.