davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

raeraI Decentralization Possibilities Irrigation
BY Means a Pipe Line BY Prof r. E. Forbes
University Of Arizona.

are connected both with the storage
tank and directly. at the surface OF
the ground. with column delivering
water from the pump esstinder to the
tank. This connection Al he surface
Of the ground does away, when de-
sired. with the extra lift Of about %
feet to the top Of the tank. and. espe-
clally in time Of light winds. increases
the amount OF water delivered at the
surface to the irrigating pipe lines
These lines are Of three-fourthsineh
ordinary black iron pipe laid. with as
few bends as possible, up and down
hill with the grade. along the lines OF
trees to be irrigated, and at distance
Of one to two feet from them. Each
branch Of the system is controlled by
valve next TO the supply Opposite
each tree bored coupling is placed in
tho line. The orifice used is the small
est practicable size, which is 3-32 OF
an inch. With little practice. using
wise, brace, and ordinary twist
drills, anyone can make the borings.
This work may be reduced more than
half BIZ filing notch midway and
crosswise Of the coupling with three
cornered file, and boring in the bot
tom of the notch The complete pipe
line, with bored couplings, is buried
two or three inches below the surface
for protection. being exposed in the
shallow irrigating basins around the
trees. Ii the line is deeply buried In
the soil the orifices cannot be cleaned
and are liable to be choked by roots.
For convenience of access the orifices
are laid to discharge horizontally. to-
ward the trees For flushing the line
a removable plug completes each
I branch Of the system making It posi-
Bile to remove rust, moss, or other OBJ
structions getting into the water sup
ply and choking the holes.
When it is desired to close an orifice
In order to increase the discharge
farther along the line. an ordinary
round wooden toothpick Is inserted
this device being as effective and con
venitat as an expensive stopcock. To
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

cows his influence is as much as that
OF the whole number OF cows taken to
gether.
If he is Of stronger prepotency than
most of the cows. that is, able to trans
nit bis qualities more surely and
strongly to the progeny. which is usu-
ally the case with a we'll bred sire,
then the bull represents more than
halt the herd. In that case more than
half the characteristics Of the calf. or
the stronger and predominating half,
come from the sire.
Now II the sire. as All individual,
and in his pedigree. is superior TO the
cows-and this will be true where a
pure bred sire is used on a grade herd
1.-The characteristics he transmits 70
the calf viii be Of more value tof
higher quality or greater quantityl
than those that come from the moth
er. and in this sense also, the bull
win be more than half the herd
II the sire is kept with the same
COWS several years each year he starts
out a generation Of calves. more than
half of whose qualities and strength
were transmitted BY the sire. This
single step Is a great improvement
But his successor. OF similar type and
breeding. mated to those improved
heifers. carries the improvement lvf-
ward another step. fixing the qualities
and the power to transmit them mere
surely and strongly. carrying them to
a higher degree. and eliminating de-
fects that have come from the moth
er's side. From generation to genera.
tion the succession OF well selected
sire goes on increasing and intensity.
ing the improvement Of the herd. In
this way the sire becomes three
fonrths. seyeneighths. fifteeB-slxteens,
etc. OF tho herd IN fact In few
years the sire is practically the whole
thing
SO the sire may be much more than
| half the herd. whether judged BY the
strength. qualify, 81 accumulated e.
| feet. Of the characteristics he trans
mits. 1t Is literally trne that the sire
may thus. within q few years al
slight expense. completely transform
dairy herd aud more than double It's
/ profit
/ One can obtain fine dairy sire foI
/ Sf50. and 40 grade COWS for SA5 each
or $1,000. Then a good bull costs onls
l-lS Of the investment. oF IN olhel
words. l-is Of the investment Is 81
placed as to exert more influence II
/ the improvement Of the future heFs
than the other 1913 OF tia investment
Isn't that good business proposition
Went the extra 500 pnz Int &c.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25
THE DAIRY HERD AND
The WELL-BRED SIRE
vital Relation the Two Sustain Each other-Hy Prof
WiIber j. Fraser, Chief Dairy kdusDanory'
University Of illinois,

Raising the heller calves Of good,
high-producing sows. as shown in a
previous letter. is a great fundamental
requisite for the best and easiest inn
pr0yement OF a dairy herd But those
calves will take their qualities from
both parents, and 1t is equally import
ant that each calf should have good
parentage on the male side. But an
inspection of Illinois dairy herds will
show that comparatively little atten-
tion IS paid 10 the quality Of the sire.
In single trip to the dairy region Of
northern Illinois the writer noted six
herds in which the heifer calves were
raised for future cows, but in which
the mulls used were miserable little
scrubs. yeritable runts and weaklings,
obtained by simply saving grade calf
from the herd. And oSgmany other
sires, fairly good as individuals. moth
ing is known Of the actual milk pro
duction Of their female ancestors.
There are two principal reasons for
this. One is, that under the custom Of
selling the heifer calves for veal it
makes no difference about their breed
Ing. But as this custom is to be
changed by successful dairymen and
the best heifers raised for COWS, 1t be-
comes necessary, imperative, to pro-
vide good sIres. But another great
reason is that the pure-bred sire costs
more money Underlying both Of
these is the fundamental reason that
many dairymen do not yet realize the
wonderful improvement that can be
wrought by a good head OF the herd
Everyone is familiar with the say
ing that the sire is half the herd. This
is literally true That is, Of the quail
ties bequeathed to the calves the male
parent furnishes half. The COW infu
ences the character Of but one calf a
year: the bull passes on his personal
ity to many calves. to all the calves ol
a herd OF ordinary size. When he Ii
chosen, half the character Of all the
calves is determined, , ina herd Of 4E
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

equalize and lengthen the system, par.
tial instructions may be introduced at
the points of greatest discharge.
Thus arranged. when ii is desired to-
irrigate a row of trees. the valve is
turned at the head OF the line, the wa
ter is slowly delivered. without waste.
where wanted.
Delivered in this manner in small,
slow streams, the water penetrates
deeply into the soil. inducing deep
root systems and lessening loss by
evaporation. With the system de-
scribed above, and head of about 20
feet of water. the writer satisfactorily
irrigates as many as 20 trees at a time
along a three-fourths-inch line 500 feet
long. With a one-inch pipe and the
iudicious use Of toothpicks. twice to
three times as many irrigations could
De made along one line.
In order to lessen surface evapora.
ton. various mulches have been tried
The trees experimental with all stand
HI cndtiOW Hdctd1 tuui W oiA AGCt
across and three to six inches deep,
which is convenient arrangement
for mnlching. Cultivatiag The soil
about the trees after each irrigation
is laborious and not so economical OF
moisture as a mulch Of fine chip dirt
Or barnyard manure. Either Of these
4 loose mulch materials. spread to A
depth OF two or three inches in the
basin around a tree. takes irrigating
water readily. does not pack when wet
and require cultivation. and greatly
restricts subsequent evaporation. To
4 the root system OF shallow rooted
plants also. these muIches are a pro-
lection from the excessive heat Of the
sun IN summer Aeraiion Of the deep
root systems which the small-ssream
method os irrigation tends 10 create
may. where needful, be accomplished
by putting down . hole two to five
feet deep near the tree. with a com
mon post hole digger then placing a
Joint Of two Of old stovepipe in the
hole 10 make II permanent This de-
vice secures aeralion with compare
lively little exposure o. The soil q
evaporation.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

sire be better spent than any other
500 invested in the herd? Forty-one
animals are purchased. The purchase
Of one animal will influence the sue
ceeding herd more than the purchase
of the other 40 animals Isn't il
worth while then to give some extra
time and study to the selection Of that
one, the sire?
In breeding for improvement the
milk record OF the sire's female an
cestry is of just as much importance
as that Of the ancestry Of the COW
with which he is mated-is Of more
importance If the sire's ancestry has >
better milk record. And the good
dairy sire, pure bred, Is almost GER
tain to have a line Of dams with a su-
perior milk record; they have been
bred for that very thing Whether or
not these dams have been tested, 50
the actual figures can be given. they
are far more likely to have been high
producing COWS than are the dams Of
tHe STdue SOW. Oic VI tHt fClJ bt~et~
est things to secure for the heifer calf
is the inheritance Of a large capacity
for milk production. and this comes
from the mothers In both lines Of an
cestry. The calf win be much more
certain OF getting a high degree Of
this quality through an improved sire
than from a grade mother. A high
milk record in the sire's ancestry az
fects all his female progeny, all the
next generation in a common-sized
herd. But such a record in the cows
ancestry can affect but one calf
year (and not that many unless they
are all heifers)
An in general, as to all the good
qualities that It is desired to transmit.
! it should be clearly recognized thai
these may be secured far more surely
from the pure bred sire than from the
general run Of grade cows. Nothing
is more certain than this. But all that
Is here urged for the great value OF
proper breeding is no excuse for a
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

IN semiarid regions. with their
iong. hot seasons. a group Of trees
about the home oilers refuge from the
fierce heat. reliofto the eye. and often.
indeed. decides hctween comfort and
misery for those in residence. But
u tree once planted must in such a
climate be tended and watered faith
fully OF be lost It is Of Importance.
therefore. to arrange a means Of dis
tribution not only saving Of water,
but also saving Of labor These facts
were impressed upon the writer in
The course Of a long. hot summer dur
ing which, with buckets and hose he
laboriously kept growing a score or
80 of recently planted trees. In cast
ing about for better way various de-
vices were. experimental with.
bitches are necessarily wasteful Of
wafer. seepage along intermediate
spaces between trees causing consid-
erable loss. On irregular ground. also,
irrigation through open bitches is inn
practicable. Pipe lines with hy-
dranis and hose connections are eco.
nomical Of water. which is by this
means applied where it Is wanted;
bur 4 great deal Of time is required
m dragging tse hose from tree to tree
ana in irrlgating By this method
A method combining convenience
and economy Of water was finally OBJ
served in use along one Of our city
streete although for certain reasons
nos giving satisfactory results. This
.dea consisted. simply, in deli9ering
water through small orifices bored at
oroper intervals in a small pipe line
aid along the tree row desired to be
irrigated, and connected with suita-
bic water supply
If a horizontal pipe line connected
At one end. under pressure. with wa
:er supply, be punctured at intervals
with ortices Of uniform size, a series
II streams will issue from these ori.
sees. lessening IN the amount Of wa
:er delivered with distance from the
supply. Various factors influence the
amount and distribution Of discharge
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

heart, came out Of the wreck with a
close shave and a 15-cent haircut, re-
sembling wrath OF the past. They
all looked like ghosts Of our buried
fiocks rising up in their might to haunt
US.
We tied up our '0s clip in . -four
sack to await the advent of the wool
contractor and have for sale some odd
pieces Of mutton that wouldn't fit IN
which might serve for spring LAMB
with mint sauce.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

There are number Of different
kinds of worms found in the alimen
tary canal Of the hog. but probably the
most commonly found is large white
worm, varying in length from five to
ten inches. This parasite is usually
found in the small intestines. Other
common parasites Of the interstine in
cludes the thorn headed worm of the
small intestine. the pin worm OF the
rectum and the thread worm Of the
large intestine The effect Of large
numbers Of any of these parasites is
to interfere very materially with the
growth Of the hog. Young hogs and
pigs are injured to a greater extent
than adults as they frequently become
stunted to such degree that It IS dif-
ficult to get them to growing and thirty.
ing as they should
Generally no care Is taken TO pre-
vent the hogs from becoming infect
ed. One infected hog in the lot will
under ordinary conditions soon infect
all Of the hogs in the lot, as the prIn-
cipal means Of spreading the infec-
ton is through the dirt OF the feed
lot and by means of surface water
that is frequently used for the hogs
to drink and wallow In. The treat
ment for most Of the intestinal worms
is simple and generally effective, there
being A number Of remedies available.
The following are among the most
common and effective Of the remedies.
and the dose given is for each 100
pounds OF live weight Fluid extract
OF spigelia and SIENNA mixed In equal
parts in half ounce doses twice or
/ three times day or until purging
takes place. The cedar apple may be
ground up and given ia so grain doses
three times a day for two days and
then followed by physie. A mixture
| Of powdered wormseed and areca nut
/ in teaspo0nful doses twice a day il
/ recommended. Turpentine Is probably
/ the best general remedy 70 use. Give
+ lwo teaspo0nfuls Ia milk or small
amount Of slop twice a day for two
days. II number Of pigs are to BE-
treated they should be divided intc
lots og I've Of ten. and then given
the medicine mixed with their feed
All Of the remedies should be follow
! ca with a purgative except where the
remedy itself is a physie. For this
purpose give an ounce Of castor oil Of
linseed oil; A mixture Of salt and
ashes kept In the lots where the pigs
can get what they viii eat Of It Is ]
good remedy 70 use for preventing in
testinal worms
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25
THE SHEEP
BARRIERS VISIT
BY CHARLOTTE WHITNEY

We had been having good many
visits from curiosity seekers who
came to look at our sheep ranch and
went away with disappointment de-
picted on their countenances and a
lamb under each arm. 1t occurred to
us BY punching up our stock it would
make better showing, and with that
in view only did we venture to liber-
ate the horned creature that had been
confined to the poultry house. He came
out all at once. SO did we. We had
just orawled out Of the siIo vat where
he left us and gone into the barn to
take look at our saccharined back
hair in the glass which we keep there
for the use Of our hired man. when
we saw procession Of bandits COM
ing up the driveway headed by the
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

poor or weak animal simply because
he is pure bred. No pure bred bull
is fit to head a dairy herd unless he
is also a thoroughly good and strons
individual. exhibiting IN himself the
typical characteristics and high Qusil-
ties Of the breed
Every man who has had any FL
tended experience or observation 81
the use OF q good pute bred sire from
high producing dams at the head Of a
dairy herd. vii agree that this sire
was Of peculiar value and great econ.
omy in building up the herd The rec
ords Of dairy breeding have proven it
conclusIvely. a thousand times over
No man who studies the facts can
doubt It. The evidence is % be seen
IN the heifers Of every such sire and
in their contrast with helfers lacking
such parentsge
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25


and, consequently. the number or ori-
iices ia action In such a system.
Roughly speaking. with given pres
sure the discharge tends to vary with
the square Of the diameter Of the ori-
flee. Large openings. therefore, sooner
exhaust the capacity Of the line and
the length Of the system is lessened
Also. the capacity Of the pipe line
tends to vary with five halves power
of its diameter. A four-fourths Of one
inch pipe therefore. in comparison
with reefourths-iach pipe tends
10 carry little more than twice as
much water. With certain size Of
orifce, therefore. a larger pipe line
greatly lengthens the series Of dis
charges.
The pressure or head. Of water at
the initial end oG the system also az
feess its length. Through both pipe
line and orifces Ike discharge tends
60 increase directly with the square
root OF the head or depth Of water
surpiy. The net result OF an increase
I'll the supply head therefore Is an IN
crease in the length Of the line Of dis
charges. IN other ways friction Affects
efficiency r. the oFlfiees are rough
friction is increased. delivery lessened
and the system heightened II the
pine line Is rough inside and contains
bends and elbows. friction is also IN
creased. but in this case the supply
is eesened and the system made
shorter Grade also IS influential
Running down hill increases the heac
and tends 70 increase the length q
ihe system Running up hin has al
Dnposite effect
During the past three years th'
writer has used this system for irri
eating his own trees many practica
points havlns suggested themselves
meantime. The facilities employed aE'
4 well II which The water stands al q
feet depth; a sxiiinch pump cyllnde
npsratea ~ ! lz-foot seafed windmill
81 ) typa atanled e the light Winds o
tao region; \ 5000 gallon storage tanl
"a a stand Is teel high: ana peffoE
n1ed pine lines laid along the llnes Q
ifsss e b HatoFea These pipe lire
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

sheep man. riding large black steed,
with a blue necktie and some blonde
fringe plastered on the hack Of his
head.
We have learned that il IS we'll.
when Won see q sheep man coming to-
hide with great speed. 50 we climbed
into the cat bin and had just closed
the I'D when they rode into The sheep
yards Assuring himself that there
was no one aboat, We heard the sheep
man throw up his hands with a loud
noise and sayg Now my men. to
work. 10 work Then came the
sharp grind Of the shears. interrupted
now and then By the diabolical laugh
Of the sheep man as he rubbed his
hands In great glee and shouted.
More wool, my men. cut closer
When the criminal who welded the
shears had done his deadly work the
sheep man mounted his steed and with
his followers filed down the road with
flying colors and the fluny tails OF our
pet lambs We could bear his sardonle
laugh mingled with ths cpld ring Of
steel as Il came to Us IN fnll realiza.
tion that the sheep barber had been In
our niidsG
When We had matched the pieces
together with some four dollars worth
Of sticking plasssF. our thoFnughbreds
looked like crazy quilt Peter, whose
coat cf fleece was the pride Of our
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

Curing Forging in colss. .-Forging.
especially 10 colts. Is a most difficult
trouble to overcome. says the Horse
Breeder. and can only be obyiated BY
careful experimenting. Have his feet
made perfectly level. Let the toes
on the forward feet grow out little
Fit them to pair Of quarter bnoss.
and on each side have a pocket made.
ID which place some sheet lead. Keep
adding to It until sou have balanced
the colt. This will Of course Increase
his stride and knee action The hind
feet must BE- 1agt reasonably shags.
The object OF weIshing the forward
feet BY quarter boots instead Of add
ing 70 the weight oi the shoes, Is 10
save his legs After the colt has &C.
quired his proper gait, the cause being
removed. the effect viii cease. and
yon can then omit the extra weight.
but still let him wear the quarter
boots uniil the habit has ceased
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

Insects laying eggs in the ground a. a.,
females with their abdomens in the
ground; b. an egg-pod broken open; g.
scattered eggs; d, egg packet In the
grOund.
cardboard which have first been wrap
ped about the trunks.
Grasshoppers that iniure orchards
usually come from adjoining alfalfa or
grass fields. In such cases the free
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

Mission Of tne Cow The mission
OF the dairy COW is 70 give milk. II
she tries 70 nFodHee beef IN the place
Of producing milk when the milk Is
most wanted she has failed OF her
mission and should be worked up into
beef + Is probable that ono.third OF
nil the cows 10 the country could
be proatably workec up into beef on
account VI having failed OF their nais.
sion as milk producers. The mission
ot the COW should be kept IN mind
A pair o. scales ana q milk test viii
greatly help 70 keep the owner ln-
formed Of whether Or not The Cow ID
peffoFmlng her mission The COW
that Il fulfilling her miaalon 4 naak.
lzs neasT ssz lei ewneF.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25
Use a SIopperdozer and Feed
GrasshOppers to Chickens

use Of the hopperpan in the alfalfs
or grass field is the best remedy
One Of the hopper-pans is shown in
the larger Illustration Water on
which is fioated a film Of kerosene oil
is placed in pan snd the latter dragged
over the field The grasshoppers hy
up, strike the back OF the pan and
fall into the liquid II oil is not used
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

Don't Buy Ram Now.-This Is moi
the time to buy a ram. wait until
late in the summer or early in the fall
1t is too soon to judge the breeding
qualities of male when only few
weeks old. and one would make .
great y.jstake to purchase an animal
to head his flock that is under six OF
eight months old
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25
proportIonaie Value q BuII and Herd.

In yhed q qualities
everything
the calves he suec be called $3.50
OF
forty OF
ali the herd OF this The bun supplies at Least onehet e
their offspring than the
a the Of
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

arsenic bran-mash used freely about
the border Of the orchard. and BY
sticky bands Of Raupenleim, tree
tangle-foot. printers ink, or even cot
ton batting, about the trunks Of the
trees. II the sticky bands are used
they should be spread upon strips OF
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

When troubled with grasshoppers
those chat liy from tree to tree can
probably be managed best By means of
arsenical sprays, when safe to use
them.
Those that crawl up the trunks into
the trees and jump to the ground
when disturbed. can quite largely be
kept out Of the trees BY the use Of
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1907-06-25

Starting an Incubator is a
great saving OF time and oil in the
start If the water for the tank is first
heated to the boiling point before be-
ing put into the incubator Fully ten
or sometimes "a hours may thus be
saved, since water heats much more
slowly in the machine than in the tea
kettle.