The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-12-31

Rapid Progress Being Made in BGrod0-Thdf Is
the Nations Garden.

In the following report Special
Agent " 4 Graham Clark describes
What is being done in the state u Ba-
roda in the development OF that sec
ton OF India and the well-directed ef-
forts being made TO establish indus
trial plants which Viii require ma
chinery that can be supplied by the
United States. Mr.. Clark writes:
India is not "A nation. but simply a
collection OF heterogeneous people
The mass OF population. IN spite or
their suntanned skins. are Aryans. out
the yellow race is represented on the
northeast borders. while the Caroman-
del coast section consist In large part
Of tie colored race The religious De-
liefs are numerous and range from
Buddhists in the east, pagans IN lne
north and Mohammedan> IN the nortn-
west. through the greet bulk or him
duists in the center To Buddhlsts anu
Christians In the extreme south. The
Methods OF government are as diverse
as the peoples The British only claim
portions OF the country "a British ter
ritory. and the numerous native ma
harajahs, ruling masses ranging from
o few thousands to 1000. 600 SUD-
jects. are more in the position or al
lies han actual subjects. Many pay
nothing toward the English govern
ment. British law does not run in their
territory. they levy their own taxes
and tariff duties. issue their own mon
ey and maintain their own standing
army. Their allegiance to the British
crown is, however. evidenced by the
British esident who Is stationed at
their capital. These native states com
prise tWo-fifths of the area and over
one-fifth OF the population Of all In
dia, and a knowledge of the policy
and plans of their rulers is frequently
of Importance to the foreign exporter.
One of the most progressive of he
native rulers is the GarkWar of Ba-
roda. He is one of the Trio Of InGian
princes who alone are entitled to a
salute Of tWenty-one guns, he other
two being MAN of HydeTabad and
the Maharajah of MysOre. Baroda
state is non-tributary and las a reve-
nue. Of some $4,000, 600 a year 1t has
ar area of 8,099 square miles and
some 1000 900 Inhabitants, and lies
mainly between Bombay and Ahmeda-
bad. 1t is not one continuous strip or
land, but is scattered over Gujarat and
into the peninsula OF Hathiawar, sew
eral of the sections being separated
from the main part of the state by
other territory. 1t lies in one of the
most favored agricultural sections and
is called the Garden of India Lux
uriant crops are grown of grain, cot
ton, tobacco. opium, sugar cane and
oil seeds. 1t is one of the best places
in India to study the native arts and
industries. The ruling race are Nah
IdtlCS, u lnt mass oI it peOplC al 2
Gujarats. The Parsees are few in
number, but the leaders in manufac-
turing, and their town at NavaSari
marks the point at which these Per-
sian fire worshipperS first settled on
the Indian coast. The present dowan
or prime minister of Baroda is a Par
see. The capital city, also called Ba-
roda, contains 100. 900 inhabitants and
is an important station on the Bonn
bay. Baroda Railway. 1t is the eX-
porting and importing center for the
state and has some fine streets lined
with houses with carved teak wood
fronts; also parks. palaces, public
buildings, etc. 1t mas N~aterNorks. bnt
not electric lights. An import duty is
levied on all merchandise entering the
state and also an cxpOIt duty on GER
tain exports. The import duty aver
age about , 1-2 per cent.
There is expected to be quite an in
crease in the industries of Baroda n
an early date, and one that will cal
for good quantities Of foreign mate
rails. The state has employed for
eign experts in various lines on many
occasions, but has recently added 6
new official known as the Economic
Adviser to the State of Baroda.' The
man selected. r.. G. Whitenack, is ar
American, and will have charge o
the work of exploiting the resource:
and developing and encouraging the
industries of the country. His frs
work has been to get capitalists t.
) organize a bank under the state pat
; ronage. Heretofore high rates of in.
terest have been charged the small
dealers by the native money lendrs
and the wealthy class have kept Their