davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Powder Mill Blows Up.

Chicago, Aug. 22.- The second fa-
tai explosion within seven months &C
Cured at the plant of the Laflin- Rand
Powder company, west of Kenosha
Wis, at O'Clock yesterday morning.
One man was killed instantly and two
were so severely injured they died lat-
er in the day. The head of a match
finished powder either by design or nc
cident is supposed to have caused the
explosion.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
SECRETARIES TAFT
AND GARFIELD MEET
Mysterious Conference Held at Lexing-
ton, KY, But Nothing is Given
Out AfterWard.

Lexington, Ky, Aug. 22.-Secretary
of the Interior Garfield, who was tele-
graphed by Secretary of War Taft to
come to st. Louis to meet him here,
arrived late last night. The two sec
retaries were in conference for some
time, but no statement was obtainable
as to the matters discussed.
A public reception was given Secre-
tary Taft at the Phoenix hotel this
morning at which hundreds of demo,
Gratis and republicans were present.
This afternoon the secretary will
speak at the auditorium. He said ~
days speech will deal principally with
the race question.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
KERMIT ROOSEVELT
Is WITH The SOLDIERS
Joined Thirteenth Cavalry Yesterday
at Fairfield, Iowa - Here Satur-
day and Sunday.

Word was received here today that
Kermit Roosevelt Joined the first four
troops of the . 18th cavalry enrouta
from Fort Riley to Fort Sheridan, a.
Fairfield, Iowa, yesterday. The caval-
ry is expected to arrive in Muscatinn
tomorrow morning and is due at the
arsenal here Saturday morning. 1t is
understood that the soldiers will camp
over Sunday on the military reserva.
ton leaving for Chicago early Monday
The presidents son enjoys out of doo'
exercise as well as his parent. A:
soon as possible after joining the so
diers yesterday he dOnned a uniform
and was in the saddle ready to begir
his Journey.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
National Congress Votes
Against Union of
Two Bodies.
ROW IN CONVENTION
A. R. Talbot, Head Consul of
Wo0dmen, Is Candidate
for President.

Buffalo, n. Y, Aug. 22.-No amalga-
nation with the Associated Fraterni-
ties of America was the verdict of the
National Fraternal Congress- conven-
ton. At the opening of the afternoon
session of the fraternal congress,
George w. Miller of Chicago. chairman
of the resolutions committee. present
ed a set of resolutions requesting the
fraternities which threatened to secede
in the event of failure of amalgama-
ton, to get out of the congress as soon
as possible The tumult which follow
ed lasted five minutes. Finally. by a
vote of 1877 to 12G. all reference to the
societies getting out of the convention
was stricken out and adjournment was
taken in a general turmoil.
Talbot In the Fight.
There was another big fight today
lover the election of officers. a. r. Tai
bot. head consul of the Modern Wood
men. being the favorite of the amalga.
Ianti-union party won out The follow
| ing were elected:
President-T. B. Hanley. Des Moines
Iowa.
Vice President-W. f. Fitch, Cleve
land.
ry-Treasurer-C II. Robinson
Washington.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Harrisburg, Pa, Ex-0Hi-
ciaI Ready TO Make a
Confession.
WILL TALK AT TRIAL
Declares State Politicians
Engineered Deal to Pro-
tect Someone.

JOhnstown, Pa, Aug. 22.-James NJ.
Shumaker, former superintendent of
public buildings at Harrisburg who was
implicated by reports of the investi-
eating commission, declares he will
make a full confession of all he knows
in connection with the capitol scandal.
Cover State Shortage.
He claims the manipulation of the
funds was engineered by high state of
ficials to cover up a shortage in the
state treasury.
Shumaker is apparently ready to di-
vulge important secrets wnen the trial
begins in September.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
FRENCH ARE ENDANGERED
But MAKE STRONG S0RTIE

still seeking to dominate the state. He
stated emphatically that it was his be-
lief and that il would be his platform
to hold the power of state government
in the sections outside the city of Chi
cagO. He closed with a reference 10
the primary law which would give
every citizen the right to appear on
the preliminary ballot, which he stated
was the fundamental principle of free
government.
J. A. Fox. special director of the Na-
tiOnal Rivers and Harbors congress,
was next introduced and by giving
figures and memoranda showed the
benefits to be derived from deep water
ways by the farmers of this section of
the Mississippi valley. His talk was
vastly interesting and ELECTED great
applause
Races Are Held.
Immediately following the speaking
the athletic program of the afternoon
was inaugurated with n ladies' potato
race. In this event Miss Grace Kay of
COrdOva took first prize. Miss Eva
r-dtlS III NOI'DNd SetDHI IIlIt anu MISS
Lilly EngdahI of Port Byron. third
prize. A boys foot race of fifty yards
followed in which Fred Smith of Cor
dova was first. Ray Kay of COrdoy1
second and Dave Crawford of Coe
township third. The last race event
was a girls foot race over the same
course. Grace Camp of Hillsdale wnT
first place, Anna Rudolph of Prince
ton. second place and May Shipman #
Moline third
Shortly after the races another bal
game was called Yuma playing the
winners of the morning contest After
a hard fought game full of sensational
plays Zuma won, the score standing -
to > at the close of the ninth. John
Sullivan Of Port Byron umpired.
The steamer Pearson left the grove
for the return trip to Moline at
o'clock and the large percentage o
the picnickers also wended their way
homeward, the young people largely
remaining TO spend the evening hours
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
DRIVEN TO DEATH.
Ex-Mayor Paul G. Barth OF
Louisville Takes Life While
Under Cloud.
WAS OUSTED FROM OFFICE
Could Not Bear up Under Accusations
That he Had Been Guilty
of Grating.

Louisville, Ky, Aug. 22.-Paul c.
Barth, for a year and a half mayor of
Louisville and for II years prior to that
president of the board of aldermen, yes
terday shot and killed himself in the
private office of the Utica Lime and
Sand company, of which he was presi-
dent.
Mr. Barth was ousted from office re-
Gently as Il result of a bitter fight le /
by the reform forces" The validity
of his title to office was attacked I'M
der a law passed by the state legisla-
ture, and though the ''reformers" were
defeated in the trial court, the state
court of appeals found for them and is
sued a mandate ousting Barth and his
administration from power.
$500 Horse Found Missing.
Governor Beckham at once appoint
ed Mayor Bingham to take charge OF
the city's affairs. Almost the first ACT
of the new mayor was TO begin an IN
vestigatiOn of the municipality finan
'ces. Experts were put to work on the
books of Barth's city buyer, Fred Bish
op. They discovered that a saddle
horse had been purchased for $500 oI
the citys money, but the horse could
not be found. Bishop is absent from
the city and could not be located Il
explain the whereabouts Of the steed
a few days ago it was learned that the
horse was in Barth's private stable
and Mr.. Barth was called into the may
or's office to tell why the animal wa:
in his possession.
Barth's enemies seized upOn this a
evidence that he had been guilty ,
grating" in office, and he was public
| ly denounced. \ cartoon was printed
showing him mounted on a stolel
horse.
Pays, hut Charges Continue.
Chatting, under the charges. and with
ont waiting for Bishop TO return to ex
plain the transaction, Barth sent Mayo
Bingham his individual check for $500
but this did not stop the charges whicl
were being made against him.
| To his friends Barth often spoke o
the injustice of the attacks and SAT-
he could no longer walk the street
without being insulted.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
MONEY TiGHTNESS
PINCHES new YORK
Interest on Bonds Raised From to 4la
Per Cent and Expenditures Are
Reduced.

New York, Aug. 22.-Owing to the
present stringency in the money mar
ket~. the city of New York was obliged
today to raise the rate of interest on
bonds it now has for sale from TO AZ
per cent. The mayor issued an order
to the heads of all city departments re
uuesting them to limit the expenditure
of their departments to the lowest pos
sible point consistent with efficient ad-
ministration.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
PRESIDENT ARRIVES IN RAIN
Naval Yacht MayfIower Held Back
Five Hours on Trip,

Oyster Bay, l.. l., Aug. 22.-The na-
val yacht MayflOwer with President
Roosevelt and party on board dropped
anchor in Oyster Bay at o'clock yes
terday afternoon. 1t required five
hours longer to make the return from
ProvincetOwn, Mass, than was antici-
pated, owing to the heavy fog which
prevailed practically all day. Oyster
Bay was reached during a heavy show
er. The rain did not last long. and the
president and party were put ashore
shortly after the Mayflower came to
anchor.
The torpedo boats Worden and Hop
kins escorted the Mayffower on the re-.
turn voyage.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
CAPITOL CRAFT TO Cover
UP BIG STATE SHORTAGE?
new business.
u: 12:00-Adjournment.
Thursday Afternoon.

new business.
12:00-Adjournment.
Thursday Afternoon.
1:15- Devotional services, led by
Mrs. b. F. Martin; report of secretary;
appointment of nominating committee;
music, duet, Misses Humphrey; report
of home mission directress, Mrs Ethel
Rutherford; report of foreign mission
directress, Mrs: Sam Campbell; report
of committee on training school building
fund, Miss Tucker; round table con-
ference; What Shall We Study In Our
Circles?" Mrs. A. S. Wright; What
Are the Duties of Circle Secretaries to
Local Circle, Association Directress and
State Secretaries?" Mrs. Ethel Ruth
erford; ''How Shall We Send In Our
Money to Headquarters-Yea Quar-
terly, or Monthly" Miss Lillian Ander-
son; "The Envelope System as a SOlu-
tiOn of Financial Problems" Miss AL
Wilda Young; 'Is 1t Wise to Confine
Our Circle Meetings to Study and Bus
Hour?' Mrs. All EkstrOm: "What Means
Can Be Employed to Interest and In
clude the Whole Church Membership
in Mission WOrk?' Rev. II. B. HaZen;
discussion and question box: election
of officers and business meeting; adj
dress, Miss Caroline NJ. Bissinger, Chi
, cago. H.; solo. Mrs w. l.. Hunker; Of
fering; closing conservation prayer,
Mrs. Edgar WOolhouse; adjournment.
Young Peoples Union Hour.
7:45-Devotional service. Oscar Viii.
| son.
500 Appointment of committees !;
reports of standing committees and
| treasurer.
S:15-Address, What the b. Y. P. L.
Stands For" Rev. W. II. Parker; mu
sic by Cambridge Baptist church choir
S:45 - Address. "Cultivating Power
by Service" C. b. Taylor; reports OF
committees, and music.
| 9:30-Adjournment.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
WOULD ARRITRATE
TelegrapherS Now Said to be
Willing to Submit Their
Grievances.
ONLY WAY TO GAIN POINTS
President SmaIPs Visit to New York
1t Is Hoped Will Bring
Results.

New York. Aug. 22.-At the head .
quarters of the striking telegraphers it
was said yesterday that the visit Of
President Small here Saturday was for
the purpose of making an endeavOr to
bring about arbitration between strik-
ars and companies.
General Superintendent Brooks, of
the Western Union. when asked if he
expected to consult with Small, said
he would not meet any strike leader
under any circumstances, and that
there is nothing whatever that he
cares to discuss with him.
Railway Ncn tn Aid.
Chicago. Aug. 22.-President Sylves-
ter ]. Small of the Commercial Tele-
graphers' union received assurance
from President II. b. Perham of the
Order of Railway Telegraphers' union
yesterday that the financial support OF
the railroad men had already been ask
ed. President Perham addressed le+
ter to the members of the union re
questing a voluntary subscription tG
aid the commercial men now on strike
Mr.. PeTham told President Small that
The first request for assistance would
yield at least 800, GOO.
The strike leader declared that he
and his forces on strike were able tC
hold out until Dec. /, without further
i financial assistance. Local officers O
the union yesterday received requests
from several railroads asking for eX
perienced operators. Many of the tela
| graphers have been offered clerical p9
| sitions.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
SOON FOLLOWS HUSBAND
Widow of Judge Connell of Aledo
Passes AWay

Mrs. ]. II. Connell of Aledo, wild
ow of Judge Connell, who died re-
Gently, passed away Monday in Chi
cago. She was aged SO years Mrs.
Connell has been in poor health
ever since the death of her husband.
this bereavement following closely
upon the death of a favorite nephew
John Arthur, BY many it is thought
she died of broken heart.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Blow and Rob Guarded Safe.

Galesburg, H., Aug. 22.-Althouyh
robbers yesterday morning blew open
the safe in j. A. Walberg's store, Sc
cured 5000, and escaped.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEETS
A. r. of L. officers viii Hear Griev-
ances at Norfolk.

Norfolk, Aug. 22.-The executive
council of the American Federation of
Labor, headed by President Gompers,
arrived here today. The council will
hold daily sessions, completing ar
rangements for the annual session of
the Federation which convenes here
Nov. u. and hearing grievances from
labor organizations in various parts of
the country.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Child Swallowed a Pin.

Rachael, the one-and-one-half year
old daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. George
COuTdts. 719 Fourteenth-and-a-ha
street. recently caused her parents
great anxiety by swallowing a large
pin. A physician was immediatel"
called but nothing could be done. The
child continues in her usual health,
however, and no serious results arc
now expected.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
RAP AT AMERICANS
Canadian Telephone Employees
Strike When Decatur, Ill.,,
Girl Is Put Over Them.

Ottawa, Canada, Aug. 22.-Employes
of the telephone Office of Ft Williams
have struck because an American girl,
Ora Hudson of Decatur. H., was ap-
pointed chief operator. Linemen threat
en- sympathetic strike
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Stock Brokers Fail

New York, Aug. 22.-The failure of
Mills Bros. & Co.. members of the stock
exchange, was announced on the floor
of the exchange today. The firm is
not a prominent one.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Frost Does Much Damaoe.

ST. Paul, Aug. 22.-There was a Sc
we're frost in northern North Dakota
Tuesday night. doing much damage tc
grain, especially flax.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
CHOLERA AffIIcTS
NUMBER IN CHINA

Shanghai, Aug. 22.-Cholera has bro,
ken out among the Chinese here. Sew
eral Europeans have succumbed to the
disease.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
BAPTISTS TO MEET
Rock Island Association to Hold
64th Annual Session
at SilviS.
DATES AUG. 27, 28 AND 20
Program Indicates the Three Days
Will Be Busy and Profitable
Ones.

The Gath annual session of the Rock
Island Baptist association will be held
at the Silvis Baptist church Aug. q,
% and %. The association embodies
churches in Rock Island, Mercer and
Henry counties and represents a mem
bership of 1000. The officers are:
Moderator - Rev. B. F. Martin, Mo
line
Clerk and Treasurer i Rev. w. c.
Rutherford, Orion
The following program will be car
Ted out, starting with Sunday school
convention Tuesday evening:
Tuesday Evening.
7:30-Devotional services, H. B. Will
son.
7:45-Greeting, Rev C. D. Mayhem;
response by president.
S,0G-Address. "The Sunday School
as Spiritual Force" Miss Myra Ran
SOM
8:3O-Address. "The Drift From the
Sunday School," Rev. z. c. Valiant.
9:00-Appointment of committees.
Wednesday Morning.
S:45-DevOtiOnal services.
9:00-Address, How to Help Pupils
to Christian Decision" Rev. NJ. o. Kel-
ler
9:45- Reports of committees and
election of officers.
0:00-Adjournment
10: 0:00-Association called to order by
moderator; prayer, Rev. Edgar Wool
house report of program committee by
clerk; appointment of nominating com
mittee by moderator; appointment OF
committee on reception of new church
es by moderator
1O:15-Annual sermon, Rev. II. w
Reed; election of officers; report of com
mittee on reception of new churches
reading of letters from the churches.
12:00-Adjournment.
Wednesday Afternoon.
200 - Devotional exercises, led b!
Rev. w. A. Rigg; report of program
committee by clerk; reception of new
pastors by moderator; response by Rev
NJ. o. Keller; appointment of commit
tees; report of missionary cOmmitte,
by Rev H. w. Reed address by Rev
F. p. Brand, superintendent of stat
missions; brief report of condition o
churches by pastors; report of trustee
by l.. ID. Edwards; report of treasure
of trustees, Thomas Campbell; brie
address by representatives of demon
national interests.
5:00-Adjournment.
Wednesday Evening.
7:45 - Devotional services, led b
Rev. j. X. Spiller.
500 Address, christian Stewart
ship" Rev. II. B. Hazen; round tabl
talk
Thursday Morning.
9:00-Prayer service, led by Rev.
H. Leland.
9:20-Reports of officers and con
mittees: Treasurer, committee on re
outions, committee on obituaries, cor
mittee on place and preacher for ne!
session, committee to nominate tru
tees and missionary committee, audi
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Dauohter of Senator Dies.

Berlin, Aug. 22-Frau Frances Won
Beckdow, daughter of Senator Francis
G. Newlands of Nevada, died yesterday
after a long Illness.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Mcmillan is Safe

Berne, Switzerland, Aug. 22.-Francis
Rea Mcmillan, the American violinist
reported lost on Mont Blanc, is safe.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
A SHOT FOR TAFT
Senator Foraker Rakes Secre-
tary of War on Basis of
His Recent Speech.
HEPBURN LAW Is A FARCE
Railroads Have Gained Millions as
Result of Its Enforcement-Op-
poses Tariff Changes.

Georgetown, Ohio, Aug. 22.-In his
Secretary Taft. Senator Foraker, be-
fore the chautauqua assembly here yes
terday, characteristically discussed his
fellow townsman's opinions, with which
he differed in many particulars. Quot
ing freely from the speech of the sec
retary of war and from his own re-
marks in the debates in congress, For
aker expressed his opinion on various
public questions discussed by Taft.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
Favored Hepburn Bill.

Foraker devoted the greater portion
of his speech to the Hepburn rate bill,
declaring that instead of being opposed
by the railroads, that measure was in
fact favored by them. He said he has
been told by shippers that since the
Hepburn rate law was passed major
ity of their rates have been advanced,
and very few. if any. lowered. Fora
ker declared the abolishment of passes
was worth millions 10 the railroads and
the prohibition of rebates and discrim-
ination worth millions more to them.
He cited large number of successful
prosecutions under the Elkins law long
before the enactment of the Hepburn
measure
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1907-08-22
should Consult People.

Senator Foraker found much to criti-
else in Taft's tariff revision views, and
declared no revision should be made
until after the people had been con-
suited, and that they should be con-
suited about it in the next presiden-
tial campaign.
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-26
Vegetables and Fruits,

The term vegetable has reference to
the whole OF any part Of a plant cult
waited especially with reference to use
at the table. But the use of the word
vegetable doesn't always depend upon
cooking, for celery is a vegetable and
apples are fruit whether eaten raw or
cooked. One would suppose the toma-
to to be entitled to the term fruit, for
the method Of its raising resembles
that Of fruit. But it is usually called
vegetable, whether eaten raw or cook
ed, in spite, Of its appearance. The
ounce is SO fruitlike In appearance,
so resembling apples, pears, ETC., that
it persists in being called fruit though
eaten only when cooked. Sometimes
the vegetable is a bud, az with cab
bages and brussels sprouts; leaves, as
spinach; stems above ground, as as,
paragus; stems enlarged (tubers) un-
%derground, as common potatoes, or
roots, as sweet potatoes, turnips, beets
and carrots.-St. Nicholas.
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-26
SUBSCRIBE for the PRESS
Tobacco The "N.t,on.l Flower"

If the great republic must have a
flower, why not adopt the tobacco
plant (Nicotiana %tabaculn)? It is a ma
tive of this country and was first
found In Virginia. There Is nothing
sectional or local about tie plant, be-
cause today it is grown in most of the
states from Florida and Louisiana to
Connecticut and is low used in every
nation on the globe. civilized and bar
barian, II it is posi- lie to Obtain it. 1t
is not commonly known that the to-
bacco plant bears Il very pretty pink
blossom, which might come into the
flower gardens but for its rank and
disagreeable odor. The Indian corn, or
maize, is another plant indigenous to
the United States and was found in
use as food by the Indians from Vir-
ginia to Massachusetts. But If we
must have a flower that Is esteemed as
such without regard to any economic
considerations or u%tilitarian qualities,
why not adopt the laurel Taurus lati-
folia), mountain laurel or broad leaf
laurel?-New Orleans Picayune.
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-26
MASK BALL..
Maccabee Ladies Enter
tain a Crowd and Clear
Handsome Sum.

The masquerade ball given under the
auspices of the Ladies of the Maccabees
in the opera house Tuesday evening was
a grand success in every sense of the
word. AS a social event it proved to be
the most popular of its kind ever held in
Dickinson.
Forty couples were in line for the
| grand march and over one hundred
| dancers concealed their natural beauty
by means of masks of various kinds,
shades, colors and expression. Kings,
queens, princes, princesses, testers,
clowns, fairies, farmers. jockeys, Uncle
| Sam, his sons, daughters and wen con-
victs and Jail birds were on equal foot
ing and helped to make the affair a sue
cess in number and sociability.
An orchestra, composed of Mrs. H. A..
Davis, Miss Holemoe, Messrs Rau and
Holemoe, furnished excellent music for
the dancing.
After seven figures, S. L. Carroll, who
acted as caller, announced the judges
decision and awarded the prizes as fol-
lows: The first prize for the best
dressed lady was presented to Miss Mil
lie Smith, who was gowned in a beauti
full white dress very lastly trimmed and
decorated with large English violets
Carl Williams, dav clerk at the Hotel
kim, in a handsome court costume,
made the most respectable appearance
and carried off first prize as the best
dressed gentleman. The second prize
for the lady, who best represented and
sustained the most humorous character,
was awarded to "Topsy," impersonated
by Miss Ellen Walton. There was no
mistake in awarding the second prize for
the most humorous gentleman to the
"Jolly Jail-bird," E. A. L%illibridgc, and
for testimonial as to his abilities as a
master of the terpsichorean art the reader
is referred to Mrs. Leonberger and
"Frosty" Jones. Third prizes were given
Mrs. Susie Sebrell, as the COW girl, and to
Walker Conklin, who wore the national
colors and represented Uncle Sam. Hon
orable mention should be made of the
characters, "ToPsy," as impersonated by
Miss Nora O'Donnell, and "Uncle Hi
RAM" by Joseph Snyder, costumed and
carried out to a letter. Special mention
could be made of many other characters,
and the whole affair is a credit to those
who took part or had the work in charge.
Messrs. ]. Hayes, William Mccarthy
and Mrs. P. /. Pellissier acted as judges,
After II o'clock all masks were off and
many of the spectators joined in the
dance. During the intermission many
of the dancers had supper at the Metro.
politan cafe.
Nearly $500 was taken for dance and
spectator tickets and the ladies will net
about $40.
Spectators crowded the gallery, filled
the stage and took up considerable room
in the rear of the hall.