Los Angeles herald., 1907-03-31

twenty to thirty-one during that
period, so that, while there was a
great addition to our population the
per capita daily consumption was re-
duced.
The most wasteful consumers have
now been metered, and the present per
capita rate of 144 gallons daily may be
considered as well-nigh the most
economical use that may be expected.
If our population continues to increase
at the present rate of 10000 annually,
with summer consumption of 15O
! gallons per capita daily, this would
call for an additional annual increment
to our water supply of $50 inches.
The necessity of our suburban towns
is even greater than Los Angeles, and
their growth is being retarded by their
deficient water supply. 1t would be
safe to assume that the demands in
this entire area would be for 500 inches
of water additional annually. At this
rate, 5000 inches would be sufficient to
meet the demands of this locality for
a period of ten years.
One of the controlling factors in the
location of the Owens valley aque-
duct is the difficulty of tunneling
through the crest of the coast range
north of Sangus, and on the south side
of the Antelope valley. The less the
fall or grade of a conduit, the slower
the velocity and consequent discharge
The larger the conduit with any fixed
grade, the higher the velocity and dis
charge, provided other conditions are
similar.
From the intake until the crest OF
the coast range is passed every pos
sible saving in grade is made in locat-
ing the aqueduct.
Fall of 1900 Feet
South from the crest of Elizabeth
lake to the San Fernando valley the
fall is 100 feet, and here power will
be developed. North of the summit, al
Elizabeth lake, the prevailing grade
is about one foot per mile and seldom
exceeds two and one-half feet per mile
The conduit is about fourteen feet wide
and eight feet deep having a capacity
of 100 second feet (5OO0 miners inches)
would vary from eight and one-half tC
six feet in diameter, and would cost
about $21, 100000.
The diameter could be decreased by
increasing the grade, but this in turn
would involve lowering the south enc
of the line in the Antelope valley. This
would materially increase the length ol
the longest tunnel, which Will be under
the crest of the coast range. Even II
| the grade were increased to AZ feet pei
mile, which is about the greatest possi-
BILE, the pipe still would have to be
fully six feet in diameter and would
cost almost as much as the concrete
conduit.
The possible power development
would be reduced over rs per cent, be-
cause there would be but one-fourth
the amount of water and the increased
grade of the pipe line would leave less
fall for water power.
The construction of tunnels would
not be avoided by substituting a pipe
line for an aqueduct, and these tunnels
are the most expensive construction
They fix the length of time required
to complete the work
Bond Issue
at is a ground for congratulations
declares the board, that the city
council has concluded to submit to the
people the question of authorizing al
once the entire bond issue Of $2S,O0O,,
900.
at will be desirable to enter into {
number OF long time contracts for the
driving of the long tunnels The con.
tractor who is given long time con.
tracts for the excavation of the cana
or its lining can afford TO buy muci
more complete equipment. In order
TO enter into these longtime contracts
It will be necessary that the funds will
be available throughout a term o.