The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-15

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tsr~sg.- rsas~r IN N. snvid
a. N.--.lEZ -N.as-l - a. ~
sem~siv ssslw~, r,slsyis 4. ~-iluvs',on
irssnse~ sst population. sad " Ne. hs~n
s~td that no srcrtvse ~ rnalsris IN me Csm-
nssns 70 doc y" me mi.9 ~ tho
rpes Tho Churrh mai. f~e,ls -Tpr's
~ cowhs, me srourse hut - .S.'suihs
~ me Cs-syssns land ~as hold IN mort
main ~ the Churrh. snd !, has been s's'si
ina, she I'D ms favor agriculture, 'hs oti
yule wss fsssl ~ ssrical'ure and ~" -.
claiming ~ land
THIS statement nav 30 true still he
improvements -r-rted nv tho Italian t.ov
srnmen, snc iso In the Campaigns ~
ROME have hardly altered i's condition
and shis district 10 No hotter drained 90 cult
vsted or p~opled to-day than n was undsr
pspsl rule. while high tsKs,ion, prsc'icellv
unhnown under the church. handicap
ell SHORTS st improvement.
The land ~ the Csmpsgns 10 ~ q teer
rich loan which repays sell the least tc,l
~ the farmer. and ye, although II IL sun.
ciebtly extensive 10 afford pss,ursgc for
millions 81 cattle and grain fields Tor .
continent only q small portion ~ u l. under
cultivation. IL IL divided into large farms
owned by q few wealthy proprietors. gen
srslly noble families. Who lesse them on
fixed rents to farmers known as Mercanti
di Campagna. men % large fortune. Who
almost form Q corporate body and exer-
else q monopoly.
Tho Mercanti hnd Il more profitable 10
uss the land for pasture and prefer 10 breed
horses and raise cattle instead Of retaining
the land and cultivating IL. The Italian
tar laws make this the more profitable
course.
An attempt was made TO remedy the evil
by means OF a special Law which the Gov
eminent expected to have very beneficial
results. Every owner OF land in the Cam
pagna was obliged by this las TO put his
land under cultivation within a specified
term under the psnalty not 81 confhscs-
ton but Of appropriation by the Govern
ment.
The law was disobeyed wholesale and
the Government had to start expropriating
the land. Many owners were only too
willing TO find a good purchaser for their
barren property. They had the law on their
side. the value OF the land had to be APP
praised favorably to the owners. and the
result was that the Government suddenly
realized that gradually all the Campagna
was being bought by the State az a very
high price, while the owners were making
money hand over fist. The law is now IN
allowance. and the Campagna is still in its
original condition. unreclaimed and barren.
II ID significant TO note that the Church.
which is held accountable for the malaria
in the Campagna. has done more on a small
scale than the Government. The Trappist
fathers have reclaimed several thousand
acres Of and in q district which was con-
adhered the most pestilential in the Cam
pagna. the IRE Fontane. where st. Paul
was beheaded. BY dint Of hard toll and the
planting Of eucalyptus trees they have
succeeded in combating malaria more
effectively than by the laws and free distri-
button Of Quinine undertaken by the Gov
eminent.
Everything drags on in the old rut in
the Camragna, improvements are SPOKEN
OF. discussed and sometimes attempted.
but all to no avail.
Half hearted attempts at drainage have
failed, and the rain water stagnatee and
bre Ids malaria as Of yore. A new theory
has been found to account for the malari
| and one learns that mosquitoes and not
mephitic vapors propagate il. but all the
mesquite netting that has hem put up and
, ali the auinine hat has been distributed
have not prevented the permanent invasions
Of fever.
II mortality has decreased. the popula-
ton Of the Campagna H. not increasing;
hence the condition OF the land 10 the same.
and every year there are fresh graves to
attest that the malaria still turks among
sunshine. over the plain bounded by blue
| hiIla and the blue Mediterranean.
Day after day the sun rises and basks
over the Campagna; toward twilight 10 il
transIigured in a blaze OF color; later a gray
veil il drawn over the plain. the Campagna
is swallowed In darkness and chilled with
damn and creeping winds. Then II 10
draar. mysterious and melancholy, and IL
has ali the sadness Of a huge cemetery.