davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-24

spread misery, shall longer cause US 10 seek
relief IN systems OF government that know
not of.
| have an abiding faith in American institutions
and in the american people, and am confident that
the problem of capital and labor intricate 1t ap
pears Is not complex 20 be impossible Of sOlu-
ton recognize the present day conflict between
these two forces of society but cannot bring myself
10 believe that this conflict IS IrTecoucilable.
II l We're convinced that the thorough organic
ton of labor were not a possibility, even
early probability, and If l were satisfied that the
principles OF conference Cancellation, and trade
agreements would not be accepted by employers
the logical and natural solution of the problems
of modern industrialisn, and that II VIII not be
possible to secure legislative reforms through the
nonpartizan political program adopted by the trade,
union movement. | should feel constrained 10 Oin
with my fellow workers IN effort 10 secure by
partzan political methods the redress denied
through those principles in the operation Of which
much progress has been made IN the past and
upon which the trade union movement bases Its
hope for the future.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-24

ton to the measure and method OF justice and
intelligence with which employers and workmen
the principles of Cancellation conference and agree
ruent of fair wages, short hours and humane and
American conditions of employment as advocated
by the unions, are accepted by employers the
danger of confscatorv or compensatory processes
favored bv either the revolutionary or the eTolu
tionarv socialists Will not matcralzc The advo-
Gates of fair wages and humane conditions OF en-
ploymcnt have little fear from the intelligent
and educated workingman; but there are grounds
Tor serious apprehension IN the condition OF the
poorly paid, ovcrworkcd, uneducated and c"nSe-
man.
1t must not be assumed that in critcizng the
policies and in questioning the philosophy OF the
revolutionary and evolutionary socialists | am I'M
mindful of the wrongs OF the working people which
exist under society rs at present constructed am
painfully conscious of the fact that IN many indus
tries and especially in the large cities men, women,
and even little children employed under condl-
tons destructive To- and subverslvc OF health, men
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-24

T7HE water wheel, that picturesque and priu-
tive prime mover which served our fore
fathers so nobly, has again come into its
own, and threatens TO displcc every other form of
engine devised for the conversion of the energy of
nature into mechanical motion for man.
The making OF water wheels had its beginning
before the dawn of civilization. The earliest types
necessarily simple in design crude Cunstruc
tIon. and fashioned in small sizes, for the wheel had
just appeared The first wheels undoubtedly
solid disks of wood, through which some uncrowucd
genius had inserted an axle, while the FIRST water
wheel made by flashing rudcly shaped paddles
its outer rim, that the water of a running
stream would Implngc upon it and SO turn the
wheel; and turning, II would of course develop power
in proportion to its size the velocity of the water,
and some other considerations involving friction.
The first water wheels, according to earliest
record of them, employed TO amusc the cvolv-
ing minds of the grpwn-ups, even children of
to-day; but when the Bronze Age superseded that
period wherein al the implements OF the human
race were hcwed from stone the water wheel
improved, and contrved with such skill that man was
enabled to relieve himself to some small extent of
the burdens that had been the result of long living
III almost barbarous condition.
With this insight into the forces of nature,
the demand for power grew larger and the water
wheel was IN consequence improved and its capacity
increased to meet the ever expanding needs which
the inventive ability of the race of thinkers found
for it. Iron and steel began to replace the wood
used IN its construction, and by the time the cigh-
tccnth century fairly under way the theory and
practice OF mechanics had produced the ovcrshot
the breast, and undershot water wheels, and these
Tor a long time gave results that were considered
entirely satisfactory.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-24
Old Wheels Still Used

TTfHESE different types Of wheels were employed
TO operate machinery of a simple character
which ran at low speeds and required little regulation
the latter being easily accomplished bv raising or
lowering the gates which admitted water TO the
wheels. Occasionally, in this enlightened age
water wheels of these older designs may bc found in
isolated places driving old fashioned mills as in the
long ago.
Dating back almost a century, a new kind of
water wheel was invented. 1t was called a turbine
10 dlterentlatc 1t from those previously described
and 1t IS IN It's improved forms the most effective
wheel tor the purpose known. In the turbine the
blades, or buckets, as the paddles are called are
lnclosed III case having openings also formed of
blades 50 set that when the water strikes them is
directed on the buckets in the line of its greatest
efficiency. The wheel with its case is placed upon
the floor of pcnStoCk, where 1t is wholly submerged
In water and under the pressure of considerable
head. Alter having impaired its energy to the
buckets, the dead water escapes from the central
part of the wheel by 4 tube made of iron.
The water turbine has at the present time a
higher efficiency than the steam engine any other
power mover, and its development has been largely
due TO the introduction of power driven spinning
and weaving machinery Textile mills not only
require larger amounts of power than the older
industries, but also higher speeds and closer rcqula-
ton. But there were many places where there was
no water to the wheels, and the steam engine
was likewise developed to a high degree of perfec-
ton and more nearly fulfilled these conditions than
the water wheel. The power gradually supplanted
the latter, except in those countries that were with
out coal mines as, for instance Switzerland Again
steam engines running at much higher speeds sim
phfed the TRANSMISSION OF power and these could
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-24

has since come 10 be termed q steam turbine,
hardly thought OF a prime mover until nearly
the close OF the nineteenth century, and then when
the principle tested out It found THAI when
steam used instead of water 70 drive II the
volvng element would have TO turn at the rate Of
eighteen hundred and eighty feet second, or about
twenty-five miles a minute, 10 make II effective.
There Is no metal known that withstand
such enormous strain, and the idea of building
engine on the lines OF the water wheel was not
Sidcred feasible for a long time for II was pointed
out that even II the speed could be slowed down
TO point where steel could be used, II would be
impossible 20 balance the wheel accurately enough
that 1t would rcVOve without side pressure
great enough 10 break the ordinary steel shaft.
Us mighty mechanical problem. engineers be
came interested IN the old water wheel IN It's new
role If steam engine, and thus 1t came about that
Glsstavc De Lovll concluded 10 try a flexible sh.t
which would Counterbdancc the inequalities If
weight With the advent of the De Loyal turbine
the great value of employing high steam Tr,=Sure-
together with greater economy IN fuel than was
ever known before was shown, and future for This
type cot engine was promised.
Steam turbines OF the single wheel type have
been constructed capable of dcvcl, ping upward of
three hundred horse power, while other and n, rc
recent designs have enabled engineers % use
rigid instead of flexible shaft. reducing the cU,r-
mouSly high speeds, and permitting the cyustru,-
ton of larger turbines Charles y. ParsDn brought
out the FIRST steam turbine which used q number
OF wheels coupled To- common shaft BY tins
arrangement the steam was used over and .Ncr
again Iupingng ON the blades ot the first v.eol
then on the second and 10 the last.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-24
Over a Million Blades

II some ot the recent turbines there are over 81
million blades, quite an increase over the c. zen
or two used IN the primitive water wheels and SIS
steam Is refinement of water II VIII bC seen that
though one Is termed 4 water wheel and the ,r.gr
steam turbine, there Is after all great difference
between them. In the large steam turbines. ai-
though the speed Is much reduced II Is vet El-t
compared with the ordinary engine; but El--
speeds are well adapted for the generation Of ,..
triGlty and the propulsion of vessels.
The application of the steam turbine 70 marine
propulsion Is being rapidly extended. The first
vessel to be thus equipped the Yacht TurJIrt.
the last the great transatlantic liner CarmauIt
Alter the trials of the IuTbInIa, which this little
vessel made the remarkable speed of thirtv-fOur
and onc-half knots an hour, a commission was dI,-
pointed by the directors of the Cunard 81 cams hin
Company to make comparative tests OF the merits
OF the reclproCatmg engine and the steam turbine
This was accomplished by selecting two steam
ships of exactly the size and power the Ar,rdr
having engines OF the Id kind and the Brighten
provided with engines Of the pattern Though
the engines OF both were If the same horse power.
the Brighton showed her superiority in every way
'thcr turbine steamships were built and put into
service before the Carmania was completed but
the latter IS by lar the ErgcSt turbine vessel atoat
This Is briefly the history of the water wheel its
rise as means OF transferring water power into
electrical energy, ard its metamorphGss into O
steam engine for ether purposes. Yet in all IT'S
varied forms 1t remains still water wheel not only
IN design but IN principle 1t shows that We have
IN reality gone back to the water wheel as a universal
prime mover; and, what Is more striking, the work
ing out OF remarkable law, which, briefly stated.
Is that all things eventually return the source of
their origin, while the world advances as a result
of their cycles.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-24

be set up anywhere il was predicted that the water
wheel would be displaced entirely.
On the other hand, the water wheel the
more efficient engine of the two, and the later forms
of the impulse motor and turbine wheel showed
that gigantic strides had been made when viewed
from the standpoint of real progress but it seemed
evident, notwithstanding, that II could not compete
with its more flexible rival except under distinctly
favorable circumstances This condition of affairs
continued until the electric transmission of power
became a concrete fact, and then a revolution was
brought about that has indeed taken lis back To-
natures power.
The development Of water power up TO this time
had been confined to places where the turbines
could be placed directly within the factories or at
such short distances away that their power could
be transmitted through lines of hemp, wire. or
leather. Electric transmission made it possible
to establish great central stations wherever water
power was available and To transmit the power
over long distances for distribution and utilization
directed to water powers which had hit hcrtO been
deemed valuclcss, and during the last few wears
this movement has gained tremendous impetus.
To Replace the Steam Engine
'E'iOUGH there are few sections of the country
Il that are without streams, rivers, and falls and
though the time to utilize them ripe, ii NAV be
questioned how assuming that everyone was de-
Veoped, the water wheel is to take the place of the
steam engine. 1t must not be inferred from what
has been sand that water would entirely supplant
steam as a motive power but rather that the prin-
cples of the water wheel will finally take the place of
the steam engine know it in its present form
As long ago as 1920 Giovanni Branca an Italian
aScertalned that if a jet of steam was directed On
the blades of paddle wheel-built exactly like
the water wheels of his time, though much smaller
1t would revolVe at a very high speed. Scvcntv-six
years after Branca devised his little steam wheel
thomas Newcomer invented the reciprocating
steam engine-the kind now i'll general use in which
steam IS admitted first into end of a cylinder
forcing the piston to the opposite end. and then
reversing the process sending the piston back again
a tremendous amount of labor has been spent in
pcrlectng this type of engine that it might better
convert the static energy of steam into the active
energy OF motion; but the most approved DESIGNS
based upon an experience of nearly two hundred
years have not made the engine of Newcomer
ana watt less complicated in construction nor
much more economical in operation
Strange enough, Brancas steam wheel which
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1907-02-02
Weather and Crop Notes.

Col. A. D. Vega, popularity known
as Cheap Tony because of the fact
that be is the originator Of low prices
for high-ciass goods, announces that
he has just received large stock OF
spring osons and sumner aDa ,sa9aa sosning, dry
and childrenis shoes. Visitors to his
establishment are assured of cordial
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1907-02-02
Ha wa in Tranhla.

81 was in trouble, but found way out of it,
and I'm happy man again, since DR.. Kings
New Life Pills cured me of chronic constipa
ton says e. W. Goodloe, 10T St. Louis st.
Dallas, Tex. Guaranteed satisfactory. Prizes
25c at ]. j. Leche's drug store.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1907-02-02

In this connection, Walter L. Cohen,
register of the United States land Office
at New Orleans, requests The Chief to
publish the following as a matter of
general iDformation:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1907-03-13
An Artistic Entertainment.

We quote the following from the Sher-
brooke Daily Record concerning two St.
Johnsbury artists:
"A large and representative audience
assembled in the Art Hall Thursday
evening on the occasion of notable en-
tertainment given by Mrs. Jennie Cross
Trull of Biddeford, Me-. and Mrs. Harry
M. Cross, of st. Johnsbury, under the
auspices of the Ladies Aid of the Con
gregational church, and those who were
fortunate enough to be present enjoyed a
rare treat. Mrs. Trull, who is recog-
nized throughout the New England
States and this portion of Canada as a
reader OF unusual talent, and winning
personality, has appeared in Sherbrooke
before, and last evening won new laurels.
She has the gift not always possessed by
readers, of placing herself at once en-
rapport with her audience, and swaying
them at will. Her selections were all
greeted with cordial applause.
Mrs Harry M. Cross, the vocalist of
the evening, has beautiful soprano
voice OF wide range and great fexibility
and power, Added to this, she is en-
dowed with a charming stage presence
and captivated her audience at once.
Both Mrs. Trull and Mrs. Cross kindly
responded to encores and the evening
was one of real enjoyment"
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1907-03-13
st. Patrick'S Day.

We greet once more the near approach
of lreland's national anniversary. The
exiles of Erin may be scattered far and
wide, but there is no land so remote, that
their love for their old land so far across
the sea is not aroused to double fervor
on St. Patrick's day. Here in st. Johns
bury, among the green hills of Vermont,
the celebration of the anniversaryin both
its aspects, religious and national, bids
fair this year to excel anything of the
kind that has ever been held here in the
past.
On next Sunday, the Feast of St. Pat
rick, the Phil Sheridan Council, Knights
of Columbus, and Sherman Court, Cath
Ole Order of Foresters, will assemble in
st, Aloysius Church for the High Mass
at ten o'clock. There will be special
instruction on the life and labors of St.
Patrick in the conversion of Ireland and
how faithfully the Irish people in the
midst of trials and prosecutions, have
adhered to the faith of Patrick and the
faith Of Peter.
The concert and social entertainment
which is to be held in Pythan Hall on
Monday evening is already an assured
success Only those who have attended
the st. Patrick's entertainments in the
past, can form any idea of the delightful
time that there is in store for all who will
be there, The doors will be open at 7
O'Clock and the concert begins promptly
at 7.30. A cordial invitation isextended
to ALL Admission 80 cents.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1907-03-13
March Wedding.
Davis-Spencer.

The marriage of Frederick Dodge Davis
and Miss Leah Alice Spencer took place
at high noon Wednesday at the home of
the brides parents, Mr.. and Mrs. G.
Spencer.
Beneath an arch of smilax and pink
and white carnations, the ceremony was
performed by Rev. ]. NJ. Frost, in the
presence of few relatives and friends.
Charles Sherburne of Montpelier played
the wedding march. After the ceremony,
luncheon was served by S. D. Atwood.
The bride was PRETTY gowned in a
dress of white oriental silk over white
taffeta Her travelling dress was of
dark blue chiffon panama with hat to
match. Mr.. and Mrs. Davis left in the
afternoon for an extended wedding trip.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1907-03-13
Church Notes.

First Church of Christ, Scientist, Py-
THAN Hall, Sunday morning service,
1915. Subject, az latter" Child
ren's Sunday School will follow the
morning service. Wednesday evening
meeting at 100 The reading room is
located in the Bank block, corner of Main
street and Eastern Avenue, and is open
daily except Sunday from 230 to 5 p.
III. Christian Science literature can here
be read or purchased if desired.
Beginning the first of April A. H.
Brooks will play the organ at the South
church, giving up his position as
organist and choir director at St.
Andrews church.
At the Church of the Messiah next
Sunday the pastor will preach the fifth
in the series of Lenten sermons on ST.
Pauls Idea of Christ, special topic, est
Paul's Idea of the Dominion of Christ,
and the extent of his work in Men"
The Y. P. c. U. will hold its regular
meeting in the vestry in the evening.
This evening at the Lenten service Rev.
c. F. Mclntire of Woodsville will be the
preacher.
Ri. Rev. A. c. A. Hall, of Burlington,
bishop of Vermont, made his Lenten visit
to St Andrews church, Sunday, and
preached strong sermon on the general
subject of Repentance" at the 1890
service. That the people of St. Johns
bury appreciate his ability as a preacher
was evinced by the large congregation
that welcomed him.
The subject of the lecture Sunday
evening at Grace Methodist church will
be, The Ladder Man"
A new furnace has been installed in
Grace Methodist church. the chapel
trescoed, the ladies parlor painted and
other improvements made preparatory
to the coming next month of the YER
mont conference. At the morning service
last Sunday A. l.. Bailey came to the
front and called for subscriptions to pay
tor these repairs and about 1920 was
raised in very few minutes.
Rev. DR.. S. G. Barnes and Rev Dr.
Edward D. Eaton have arranged to ex-
change next Sunday morning.
The Woman's Home Missionary So
ciety of the South church will meet with |
Mrs. D. w. Ranlet, p Main street,
Thursday afternoon.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1907-03-13
Burlington Rendering Company Admits Its
Guilt

The cases against the Consolidated
Rendering company, growing out of the
four indictments found against the cor
poration by the grand jury at the
September term of Chittenden county
court came up Monday afternoon when
the session of court was resumed. A plea
of guilty to the four indictments was
made and fines aggregating $4,000 and
costs were imposed.
To the first Indictment that OF selling
COWS affected with bovine tuberculosis,
the company pleaded guilty to two
was imposed.
To the second indictment, that of sell
ing diseased meat the company pleaded
guilty to 10 counts. A fine of 81 900
and costs was imposed.
To the third indictment, that of having
in possession the meat of calf under
four weeks with intent to send the same
out of the state for family use, the COM
pany pleaded guilty to 20 counts. A fine
of $1,000 and costs was imposed.
To the fourth indictment, that of hav-
ing in possession the meat of a calf under
four weeks with intent to sell the com
pany pleaded guilty to two counts, A
fine of 5000 and costs was imposed.
In imposing fines, Judge Hall reiterated
his previous statement that the court
was in favor of the vigorous enforcement
of all of the pure food laws. He said he
realized the important questions which
might have been raised under some of
the indictments as we'll as the expense to
the state in trying the cases and he also
took into consideration the fact that the
company pleaded guilty.
In each Of the cases against the Rem
dering company and in each of those
against Mr.. Brigham there were about
100 counts. All the other counts in the
cases against the company and the four
cases against Mr.. Brigham will be mol
pressed upon the payment of the fines
and costs imposed
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1907-03-13
ST. JOHNSBURY CENTER.

Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Kennon OF
Barre, were the guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
George Eastman last week
Henry Powers has gone to Newton,
Mass, to visit relatives.
James Greenwood spent Friday and
Saturday at Monroe.
Mrs. Avery, of Bradford, was the
guest of Mrs. Mary Hallett last week.
Mrs. Laura Franklin is at Danville
this week.
Miss Gladys Hallow, who has been
visiting relatives at Woodsville, has
returned home.
Those who were called here from out
of town by the death of Mrs. Phebe
Clark last week were: Mrs. Otis and
Mrs. Carrick, of West Burke, Mrs.
Chase and daughter, of Newport, Mrs.
Powers of Boston, and Mrs. Wilson OF
Lyndon Center.
Mrs. Arkly, of Lyndon, spent Thurs
day with Mrs. Herbert Lougee
Rev. Mr.. Eldridge, of McIndoes, gave
a very interesting discourse on Religion
and Business" at the Congregational
church. He also spoke in the evening to
the Endeavors, which was greatly
appreciated by all.
The Junior Christian Endeavor society
will hold musical and literary enter
tainment Friday evening. Ice cream
and cake will be served. An admission
of 10 cents will be charged,
A very pleasing program was given
last week at Wide Awake Grange. Loren
Miner gave very interesting sketch of
the Life of Abraham Lincoln. Deputy /
Barber and wife, of Lyndonville, were
present and very interesting remarks
were made by the Deputy.
Mrs. William Wallace and daughter,
Mrs. Homer Human, of Lyndonville,
spent Saturday at East Barnet.
Isaac Morrill,, of Danville, and Mr.. and
Mrs. Bert Morrill, and daughter, of
are spending a few days at
William Wallace's.
A very pleasant time was held at the
Christian Endeavor social Friday even
ing. A fine program and supper was
given. A barge load came from Lyndon
vile. Games were played and all enjoy
ed the evening.
Mrs Lynch, of East Burke has been
the guest of Mrs. Henry Tracy.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1907-03-13
The New Moving Pictures.

The way the Lyman H. Howe Moving
Picture Company keeps bounding ahead
year after year, is not only a fine indica-
ton of their popularity, but an en-
phatic guarantee of their superiority
They will present their program of en-
tirely new subjects in Music Hall on
Thursday evening, March %.
Mr: Howe's pictures possess more at
Effectiveness, more infinite charm, more
dash and originality than any other
similar entertainment. For these
reasons it remains today as it has al
ways been for the past twelve years
easily the peer of all moving picture ex-
hlbltlons. Their appearance here will
attract all admirers of clean and whole
some amusement, as it does all over the
country.