davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
VALUE OF sUNFLowER.

The sunaower, though it originated
in this country in the region of the
great plains, it is not used so exten-
sively here as in some other countries,
notably Russia. 1t is long time
since the plant first delighted the eyes
of Europeans, being then cultivated
in the gardens of Madrid. The ear
ly Spanish explorers had found it in
this country and taken it home with
them.
The plant was utilized by the Amer
ican Indians before the days of Co.
lumbus. When Champlain visited the
the Georgian Bay in 1915 he found
the natives growing it and using the
oil for their hair. 1t was raised chief
ly, however, for the food afforded by
the seeds.
In Russia at the present day the
seeds are eaten in immense quantities,
raw or roasted, as peanuts are in
America, and the oil obtained by
pressing the seeds is an important ar
ticle of diet. The frequent religious
fast days in that country restrict the
use of meat and lead to large con-
sumption of vegetable oil. The man
ufacture of sunfower oil has conse-
quently grown to considerable dimen-
sions. The best seeds yield an oil
that compares favorably with olive oil
for table purposes.
Even the upper classes in Russia
eat the seeds, the larger and finer ones
being quite equal to most nuts in re-
spect of palatability and wholesome
ness. The stalks and dried leaves are
highly priced for fuel, being in some
parts of the empire almost the only
available substitute for wood. An
acre of sunhowers will yield many
cords of good fuel.
The oil appears to have more of
the general properties of olive oil than
has any other known vegetable oil.
1t takes about bushel of seeds to
make gallon Of oil, and fifty bushels
of seeds can be grown on one acre of
land. AS the oil sells at 81 a gallon,
the profit Is large.
Of late years purified sunAower oil
has been used extensively to adulter-
ate olive oil. It is of a pale yellow
ish color and decidedly palatable.
In a crude stateit is inferior to linseed
oil for use in paint.
In addition to the oil from the seeds
the stalks when green and the oil cake
make excellent fodder. The fiber of
the stalks, which is fine, silky and
very strong, also has value. In
China it is woven into beautiful fab
RIGS, and it is believed that by use of
proper machinery, it might be utiliz-
ed most pro6tably in this country.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
sHoE1NG HORSES.

The proper shoeing of horses and
the general care of their feet is sub
iect that should receive more atten-
ton. While no definite rules can be
given, some general principles are ac-
knowledged by all competent horse.
shoers which it might be well to men,
ton. The heel should never be cut
unless to remove ragged point. The
same is true of the frog, which is an
elastic cushion, intended to reduce the
impact of sudden shock to the foot.
The butteris is an instrument which
may do infinite damage in the hands
of an incapable operator. Much mis-
cheif is done by it every day. When
the toe is too long and projects beyond
the hoof, it causes stumbling. 1t
should then be shortened. A hot iron
should never be applied to the foot
to ascertain its evenness. A scared
surface between the foot and shoe
makes the contact less perfect and the
shoe necessarily less rigid than it
ought to be. The outside of the hoof
should not be rasped more than is nee.
essary to clinch the nails, as this thins
the crust and reduces the strength of
the bearing surface OF the foot. Weak
ening and decay are sometimes the
result of this practice. Oil applied TO
the hoofs occasionally during dry
weather is beneficial.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
SOMETHING HAD TO BE DONE.

The visiting minister was walking
along the shady country road to a
church where he was to preach that
day, when he saw a little boy dig
ging vigorously into the bank by the
roadside. He stopped and asked the
boy why he worked so hard on Sun.
day.
''rm digging for a woodchuck,
sir" replied the boy.
well, my son, don't you know it
is wrong to do that on Sunday, and
you won't get him ~
"Not get him p exclaimed the
boy; "why, I've got to get him.
The minister's coming to our house
to dinner today and we amt got any
meat"
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
devotion and wondered if Helen was

devotion and wondered if Helen was
blind to it.
We have been married these
twenty FIVE years and never disa-
greed" the old man said one even
ing, stroking the silver hair of his
wife. Helen's eyes filled with tears,
she felt somehow that she had been
disloyal to this unknown couple when
she had enjoyed her selfish thoughts.
Perhaps our meeting made us
more than ordinarily attached" the
old man continued. 1--WE never spoke
until AIMS horse ran away and she
was thrown into the road. I picked
her up and-well, the courting must
have commenced right them
Helen laughed in a low and rather
constrained tone and the young man
lifted his head from the pillow.
"Then our courtship may result in
happy life," he whispered. Helen
pretended not to hear but the old
couple, with a knowing look, left the
room.
Helen, ( love you, DEAR" the
mar whispered. "I can't go over to
where you sre-won't you come
here 7"
''You can't love selfish woman
like I am, she almost sobbed. "Think
of Tim Murphy dying, perhaps, and
those poor little children with the
measles and me on my way to New
York"
"No, you were not on your way to
the city, dear-you were coming to
meet me, to save my life, to be my
companion. Fate has a queer way of
arranging things but she knows her
business-Helen = are you coming
here ~
And Helen glided softly TO his side.
"But Tim Murphy" she walled.
"Tim Murphy be hanged !" the
sick man exclaimed. Prom now on
you have got to think of me-"
And Helen did.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
ESTABLISHED 1850.

couple retire to nook where the pie
is jointly consumed while much enter
tanning conversation is enjoyed be-
tween bites.
If, after this try-out, the cavalier
Is pleased with the maker of the first
pie, he is careful to select her number
again, since each girl may contribute
any number of pies. In case two
men get the same number the one
who calls it out first gets the girl.
The schoolhouse is quickly echoing
and resounding with shouts, laughter
and much scurrying to the scales. As
not infrequently happens careless
chooser finds 200 pound girl on his
hands. He grins bravely as he chips
one dollar into the treasury. A noun
taineer will cheerfully fork up any
amount below dollar, but whole
dollar is an awful sum to him. Any
girl is dear at that price, and when
he has to pay out dollar for a fat
one, he feels that "lemon" has been
handed to him good and fair. The
mirthful outlaws of his companions as
he digs into his jeans does not make
his grin any wider.
The North Carolina mountaineer's
stomach is as strong as his heart, and
before the supper is over the last
crumb of pie has disappeared. Then
the tables are cleared away, a fiddle
Is produced, and the old-time break
down is danced just as it was in the
same community a hundred years
ago.
The revelry is over before midnight,
for early to bed is the rule in the
mountain country. Before long the
roads begin to resound with the rat
tie ofwagons and the clatter ofhorses'
feet, and another of Rosman's famous
pie suppers has passed into history
Wew York Press.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
GOVERNMENT BRANDING.

Whenever you see the letters "U.
S." branded on the left fore shoulder
of an animal make up your mind at
once that the beast is or was at one
time the property of old Uncle Sam.
Then, again, if you knew the key
to the system of branding utilized by
the Quartermaster's Department, us.
A., you would in moment, says the
Washington Post, be able to tell the
organization of the army to which that
animal was assigned Immediately af-
ter purchase by the Government.
Last October, when the army of
Cuban paci6cation was being embark
ed from Newport News, Va, many
of the army horses and mules await
ing shipment became mixed with
those of other organizations, but it only
needed the knowlege of Sergeant Cas-
ey to decipher the hoof brands and dis
patch the animals to their proper or
ganization. In other words, these
brands serve as Identification tags.
Branding public animals is not a
matter of choice, but is provided for
by the army regulations, which direct
that public animals shall, upon the
day received, be branded with the
letters u. S. on the left fore shoul-
der. Horses assigned to the organi-
zation will also be branded on the
hoof of one fore foot, IN inches be-
low the coronet, with the designation
of the company.
Branding irons of uniform size and
design will be supplied by the Quar-
termaster's Department. Letters u.
S. to be 2 inches in height. Letters
and numbers of hoof brands on the
same line 81 of an inch high, the letter
to precede the number, and blocked
so as to penetrate the hoof ITO inch.
For example, the hoof brands on
horses assigned to band, Ninth Cav
airy, would be CBo; to Troop A,
fifth Cavalry, would be AS; to Com
pany A, Battalion of Engineers,
would be BEA.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
BY EDWIN HIGGINS.

BY EDWIN HIGGINS.
Do you not hear dear Nature say:
Days are flying, they cannot stay2
o, come Love. come, with heart and hand,
And listen to my stern command.
The harvest field once ripe with grain
Hath stored its gold from storm and rain;
The meadows CLEANED rejoicing stand
Fragrant with hay; how sweet the land!
Robins have built their castled nest;
The little robins are safe at rest
Sheltered beneath the oaken leaves
OF the strong arm of ancient trees.
The tent which shields with snowy wing
And in the sunshine loves to sing
Is telling you it may fly away;-
Some windy night or stormy day.
Summers dying, do not delay;
Arise and build begin to-day.
Lay broad, build high, the cross enthrone;
Cement with love: with love alone.
o. Lord to Thee, we here would raise
A temple fair, meet for Thy praise;
Within its walls bid anthems rise;
Morning and Evening sacrifice.
Welcome for all; with open arm
The children greet and keep from harm;
Like Him who in the days of old
Did them to His great heart enfold.
Along the aisles may love have sway
On many happy marriage day;
The Word of Life to all be given
To lead us up-from earth to heaven.
Here struggling souls find blissful rest
A refuge on the Saviour's breast;
And Sorrow lay her burdens down
To wear above, victors crown.
o, tempted walls beacon shine!
And every ray, dear Lord, be Thine
So weary toilers DER life's sea
May steer Alright and look to Thee.
Arise and build begin today!
The Masters work brooks no delay;
Rise temple fair in beauty stand,
A gateway to the better land.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

HOTEL PRoPRIEToR-Has not the
man in No. IS received his bill yet !?
Head Waiter-Certainly Fifteen
minutes ago.
Strange I hear him still sing
ing in his room -
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

'YEs, I'm poor man." remarked
a merchant the other day. II have
had many chances to make a fortune,
but don't want to be insane after
I'm dead"
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

TEAcHER-"Harry, mother has
five children and but four potatoes.
How can she divide the potatoes so
that each will receive an equal por-
ton 7"
Harry (quickly)-"Mash 'em."
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

ED1rH's PAPA-And so you love
my daughter!
Edith's Admirer-I do indeed, sir !;
I cannot tell you how much / love
her. Do you know what it is to see
a single face everywhere, to hear
single voice ever sounding in your
ears, to be possessed by the one idea,
to feel all the time that the one pres
ence is before you, to-
Edith's Papa-No, young man, ]
have never had any of those feelings
since I have signed the pledge.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

S1LAs-I reckon that boy of ourn
is goin' to propose ter Sal fer sure.
Malinda-What makes yer think
thet, ST?
Silas-Why, cause he's JUS bought
a bottle of nerve tonic.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05

SENIOR PARTNER-That new Ste
nographer spells ridiculously.
Junior Partner-Does she2 Well
if she does, its about the only word
she can spell, as far as my observation
goes.
The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1907-10-05
For "THE UNION
Es

Suggested by the Services Held in Tent Corner
Kate Avenue and the Reisterstown Road;
and the Endeavor to Build Protes-
tant Episcopal Church. Deposit
ed In the Cornerstone,
September 18th,
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26

nervous element, however, blindly up
sets this image as it does ordinary In
verified images, and this gives us the
queer sensation of seeing upset what
we know to be erect.
II the card with the central hole Is
now slowly drawn farther away from
the eye, directs Scientific American.
the three luminous holes get nearer
each other and finally unite into one
and the same image. The position of
this comedies with that of the retina.
At that stage of the experiment, IL
the observer is short sighted, eve TO
a slight degree, he will find that, On
withdrawing the card still farther,
nearly at full arm length, the three
luminous dots reappear. but this time,
right side up. Owing to an abnormal
convexity of the crystalline lens the
image is formed before the retina;
the luminous pencils have crossed
each other before striking the retina;
the image is inverted, the eye inverts
it again and it is therefore seen right
side UP,
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26
Bands of Liaht and Shade.

Curious bands Of light and shadow
have been noted momentarily al the
sun rises and sets. For a special
study Of the phenomena, c. Rozet, a
French observer, has arranged a white
screen to receive the rays on the ris-
ing of the sun from behind a hill, and
has found the bands very distinct,
usually straight, but sometimes I'M
dulating. They seem to be parallel to
the part of the SUMS edge that is just
visible. They may be see for two or
three seconds or more after sunrise
or before sunset, are about an inch
or an inch and a half wide, and travel
sideways at greatly varying velocity
-one to two yards and six to nine
yards per second being the extremes,
The velocity seems to bear some re-
lation to that Of the wind.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26

The cost OF coal for steam locomo-
tives Is approximately Is per cent.
OF the total operating expenses for
steam railroads, and Is the largest Of
the expenses for materials, says the
Electric Railway Review. Data con-
tanned In the annual reports Of d mum
Der Of the larger systems indlct~e that
the annual coal consumption Is, on the
average. about $500 tons for each
steam locomotive. From the United
States census report on Street and
Electric Railways" covering 100 oper-
ating companies, the cost Of fuel Tor
power for electric railways appears 70
be shout y1b 100000. which y ! littis
over 1O.S per cent. N the total oper.
atnS expenses,
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26

4 CURIOUS iLLusloM.
How the Vision May Be Upset BY
Use Of Two Cards.

When we are looking at anything,
the image Of what we see paints itself
on the retina IS It would on the
ground glass OF . Photographic cam
era, upside down. Through some ner-
yons process we invert again the upset
image and set 1t or rather see 1t
right. In the following experiment
the opposite operation is made. An
image which, through some artifice. is
made to paint itself right side up
on the retina is turned over by the
general upsetting process and appears
to us to be upside down.
Take two pieces OF dark-shaded
pasteboard. In the center of one,
bore a pin hole. Nearer a corner of
the other make a cluster of three pin
holes arranged about as the angles of
an equilateral triangle, and at a dis
lance of about Lie of an inch from
one another. Lay on the table before
you a well-lighted sheet OF printed
matter. Place the card with the three
holes in contact with your eye, and
through the cluster of three holes
look at the center Of the other card,
this being placed between your eye
and the printed matter at a distance
of from two to four inches from your
eye.
The cluster of holes through which
you are looking will then seem to you
to be a single aperture and the single
hole in the center of the card which
you hold far away from your eye will
seem to you to have vanished but, in.
stead of 1t. you will distinctly per.
ceive, on the same card, three holes
through each n of which you can
easily read a different part Of the
printed text. These three holes are
unlike those which you made on the
card kept near your eye, for If the
latter are arranged thus: those
on the card which you examine will be
arranged in the opposite way:
and vice versa.
As the single luminous hole on the
card you hold at a distance from your
eye Is still abnormally close to it, its
mage will be formed behind the ret.
ina or, In other words, the rays will
strike the retina before meeting. In
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26

LNaIUttLE- .DNUENNAr 0L,AtTfA.x ash AK l4T
ordinary circumstances this met
causes the image - be blurred. but
as. In this case, only thin pencils OF
light are admitted. the rays Of which
they are made may be considered az
nearly parallel and 3 tolerably good
image Of the hole will be formed even
at some distance Of the point where
the rays meet. Photographers take
advantage OF that property Of . thin
pencil OF light whenever they use .
small diaphragm to get depth Of
focus Moreover, as the pencils them
selves strike the retina before having
crossed each other, the triangle they
form on the retina is arranged just as
1t is on the card. right side up. The
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26

FIVE hours per day until his hands
got in trim from practice, but with
the use Of the new toy such training
is not at all necessary, says New
Orleans Times-D Democrat. He will
be able to play marbles for the whole
"a hours, If not interrupted by his
thoughtless and inconsiderate parents,
who insist that he go to bed for a
spell.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26

the material. This construction pre-
vents the material tearing farther than
the nearest seam, should the balloon
burst, and gives the navigator a
chance for his life, as the gas cannot
escape as fast as it would from a large
rent. The varnish used is specially
prepared, every builder having his own
secret formula, and is applied in thin
coats, so the pores of n coat will not
come opposite those Of another.
The engine in the frame supplies
propelling power. 1t is of IL horse
power and weighs so pounds. The
hydrogen generator is a big tank OF
5000 gallons capacity and makes 700
cubic feet per hour. Cotton Irvine net
is used to fasten the car to the bal
loon. On a spherical bag 1t always
has a diamond mesh, and on a dirigi.
BILE a square mesh.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26
Finishing the interior Of the big gas

Finishing the interior Of the big gas
bag of an airship is one Of the most
delicate and important tasks in the en-
tire construction. Our illustration
shows the interior Of the dirigible
balloon built by w. H. Dilger. of Gin
c%innati, for entrance In the aerial navi-
cation contests at the jamestown ex-
position. The bag is inflated with air
and the men are working in their
stocking feet in order not to injure the
delicate silk fabric, and have been APP
plying white s%oapstone, which is used
to keep the tissue from sticking to-
gether, as the varnish never becomes
quite dry, but is always a little tacky.
The segments of the envelope are
clearly shown in the views. These
segments, explains Popular Mechanics,
are sewn together and the seams re-
inforced on the inside with strips OF
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26
The New

The new parasols
out exception suppl
mensely long sticks
all n of fame
ally Of an ornitholt
With simple cotton
the plain crystal or
s%urmounting the Ion
pears to be the fav'
idea is that of tying
velvet peoples wit
midway in the Ger
with a small bow {
gold ribbon. A vel
city for a more ella
of sunshade was illu
chiffon parasol, pain
each smoke being Ii
rose.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26
New Name for

For dressy wear ;
day functions of all
more fashionable thi
silken fabrics which
such ~profusion in a
importing establish
ly sought after are
silks, the mousselil
and the novelty foul
paratively new mat
has perhaps made as
itself as any other,
1t will be one of
materials for all
frocks. Our gran
probably have Gale
but we find many
favorites %disporting
and thus claiming a
ties. Marquisette at
ingly to all kim
schemes, whether c
and is perhaps at Its
ated with bands of
self tone or in a 81
shade.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26
The Matinee Musical Club

Will meet with Miss Susie Pettey at
the residence of Mrs. N. s. Wright, on
Thursday afternoon, August 1, at 4:3o
o'clock.
Program: Subject: Chopin.
Life Sketch, by Sallie Mcneil.
His Style Of Composition, by Ella Bew.
Romantic Side Of His Life, by Rowena
Thayer.
Composition, by Sallie Steele.
Composition, by Bessie Creegan.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26
carina for |

Remember that tSe<$-s<
cuticle Of tho finger~~
enemies. Scissors ,ernstein',
used unless it is abseu,ect mi,
Remember to shaIe. :. =.
every particle Of SUP. -.
been removed from
Remember that TIL 0'0f '"
the nails Is oval OF befnsce'n
and the almond shaSew York
alive Of good birth. mammoth
Remember after thing and
the proper shape to er to make
board to smooth the nresent
Remember to pre,ca Call
base Of nail from gr,o, h.s...
by putting a few df~N1..
and pressing skin
fingers.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26
Untrimmed Tailcl

The best tailors
capital example of
spring cloth costun
The street 80 becom
tailor styles with tn
Of color, on vest, /,
finish or in lace, b
silk and application
or ~soutaching are
cloths are all very
very pale colors or
lions and for that
be worn throughout
son with flower or
hat. For midsumm
same dressy lines, o
severe tailor mades,
piled with pongees,
pure or mixed with
fortably clad.--Vogu
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26

Tho Matinee Musical Club has begun
It's second year Of club life with the fol
lowing officers: Mrs. Nathan s. Wright
president; Miss Bessie Creegan, vice.
president; Mrs. Friermood, secretary;
and Miss Susie Wells, treasurer. The
first meeting Of the now year was held
with Miss Sallie McNeill Thursday IT.
.ternoon. The club has joined the Ma
tional Federation q Music Clubs, and as
the course Of study has not yet been re-
ceived from the national secretary no
program was given at this meeting.
After all business had been discussed,
delightful ices and cake yer served.
The club then adjourned to meet with
Miss Susie Peatey on the first Of Aug
ust,
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1907-07-26
CANDLES on pi
Must % Properly 49, . IA

ep tIEHF laf ANtt-l 49,
Must 90 Properly s.easn. aoss
the sess ! oilcs. Leave
Candie-Hghted did, 70 partici
more popular than ssister q thai
dies are needed to |
table, and four dou,
dlestlcks are liked ona City, l. T.
silver and brass, glas Monday On.
old English and colcisses Upshur
seen. Cut glass Is t.. Gallie Rob.
course. but good imi
It is hard to underst
iron ever came to b. 49, .h,.rh
lamps or candlestick. .--A,s-
powers OF reflection ~.
light of even a strone y ms nr".
lshed at least one.haw Williams and
pressing effect otJited.
shades are works
made OF silk and trina. 7 n INN.
saanrataa Ne. are,e week from
Glass shades, cubes
terial. jewels encrustition. They
as also are the parclon at Phila-
with old prints in st delightful
blue tints, inserted
die shades always 81
to hide the flame, as.
the eyes is unpleasa