davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11

van, G. J. Bader, S. H Ericsson and Ju-
liam H. Youche.
The Indiana Harbor State Bank was
organized within the past few years
TO take over the Indiana Harbor bust
ness of the First National Bank of East
Chicago and has been a thriving insti
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11

I doz. Shoe Laces, worth I5c, at &c
SC Card of Safety Pins, at 3c
2 100 Ladies Muslin Gowns, soiled, at csc
25c Ladies gray Vests and Pants lSc
soc Ladies Ecru Union Suits 2Oc
I. 90 Ladies' ribbed wool Vests & Pants SSc
I.9S Ladies' all wool Vests and Pants LOO
4Sc Ladies' Gray Vests 3Sc
sec Children tan wool Vests & Pants 1Sc
25c Misses Ecru Vests lSc
25c Children Gray Sleepers I6c
Ioc Mems brown wooden Socks l215c
Ioc Mems blue wooden Socks Sc
25c Boys Pickaninny Hose zoe
Ioc Mems gray wool Socks 12Nc
Ioc Ladies blue wooden Hose 12Xc
Ioc Mems black cotton Socks &c
Ioc Children's black cotton Hose Sc
25c Ladies black cotton Hose f5c
25c Boys Buster Brown Hose lSc
I5c Mems blue polka dot Socks lOc
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11
HORSE TRADE IN COURT.

The case of Frank KAYAK against
Robert Hayden and J. j. O'Brien was
on trial Thursday in the superior
court. KAYAK had paid $500 for team
of horses which he found later to be
Rnsound and sued to recover his $500.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11

25c to soc Embroidered Collars 1216c
Ioc Silk Fringe. yard at SC
$50 Children's Toques, at l0c
I6c Children Toques, at SC
100 and las Corset Covers, at soc
soc Ladies' Corset Covers, at 2oc
3oc Corsets, at 10c
39c Corset Girdles, all colors, at 1oc
zoe Net Shopping Bags, at &c
25c Knit Shawls, at 17c
25c to soc G owes, at PC
25c Ladies' Colored Purses, at 10c
15c Children's Bonnets, at 7c
sc Ladies Handkerchiefs, at 2Hc
soc and Csc wool mixed Muf1ers Csc
Use made Wells, at ACC
sc Mems colored border Handkerchiets 11ac
25c Ladies' Belts, at fOc
25c Belt Buckles, at &c
90 Elbow length silk gloves, 1.3o
sc Hooks and Eyes, at &c
I5c Card of Buttons, at 1c
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11

building which was built for the pur-
pose. The report at the close of bust
ness, Nov. IL. shows a very prosperous
condition, the individual deposits
amounting to s42S,OOO. ]. B. Peterson,
one of the prominent and wealthy at
torneys of the county. is at the head
Of the institution and among the stock
holders are numbered men Of promi-
nence and great financial resource.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11
The Lowell National Bank.
Established 1908.

Established 1908.
Capital stock, $4,000.
President, r. E. Nelson.
Vice President, George B. Bailey.
Assistant Cashier, B. II. Wood.
Directors, Henry Surprise. George NJ.
Death, C. E. Nichols, George B. Bailey
and F. E. Nelson.
The Lowell National Bank has ex-
perienced a steady and substantial
growth in business ever since its or
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11

STORE OPEN MONDAY, THURSDAY AND SATURDAY EWES
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11

ganization and with each succeeding
year adds something in the way of
Improvements. The bank owns the
building in which it is located and the
offices are all light and roomy and the
equipped with fixtures that are modern
and up-to-date 1t numbers among it's
patrons some of the successful BUSH
ness men and farmers of the county and
its stockholders are all wealthy sub
stantial citizens.
The Indiana Harbor state Bank.
Established 1865.
Capital stock $4,000.
Surplus, $4,000
President, G. j. Bader.
Vice President Julian H. Youche.
Cashier, S. II. Ericsson.
Directors, w. R. Holligan, E. F. Dono-
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-01-11
Commercial Bank of Crown Point.
Established 1895.

Capital stock. 100000.
Surplus. $4,000.
President, J. B. Peterson.
Vice President, H. s. Barr.
Cashier, H. P. Schwartz.
Assistant Cashier. Z. r. Cole
Directors, John b. Peterson, John
Black, Reuben Hipsley, William Sch
lemmer and Herbert S. Barr.
The Commercial Bank of Crown
Point is one of the most prosperous in
stitutions at the county seat and is
located in a splendid stone fronted
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
RHEUMATISM RECIPE
PREPARE SIMPLE HOMEMADE
MIXTURE YOURSELF.
Buy the Ingredients from Any Drug.
gist In Your Town and Shake
Them in a Bottle to
Mix This.

A well-known authority on Rheu-
matism gives the readers of a large
New York daily paper the following
valuable, yet simple and harmless
prescription, which any one can easily
prepare at home:
Fluid Extract Dandelion, one-half
ounce; compound Kargon, n ounce;
Compound Syrup Sarsaparilla, three
ounces.
Mix by shaking we'll in a bottle, and
take a ~teaspoonful after each meal
and at bedtime.
He states that the ingredients can
be obtained from any good prescrip-
ton pharmacy at small cost, and, be-
ing a vegetable extraction, are harm
less to take.
This pleasant mixture, If taken reg
ularly for a few days, is said to over
come almost any case of Rheumatism.
The pain and swelling, if any, dimin-
ishes with each dose, until permanent
results are obtained, and without in
juring the stomach. While there are
many so-called rheumatism remedies,
patent medicines, etc., some of which
do give relief, few really give perma-
nent results, and the above will, no
doubt, be greatly appreciated by many
sufferers here at this time.
Inquiry at the drug stores OF even
tie small towns elicits the information
that these drugs are harmless and a
he bought separately, or the druggists
Will mix the prescription if asked 10.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
Corruntion Exposed.

The New York World published on
September Sth the particulars of the
raising of the Republican corruption
fund lust before the last national cleo
ton. 1t appears that Mr.. Hartman
and Senator Depew were the active
collectors from their Wall street
friends, and that at the instance OF
Mr.. Cortelyou, who was chairman OF
the National Committee, MI. Harrt
mar went to Washington and COZ
ferred with President Roosevelt be-
fore he undertook to raise the money.
What return favor did President
Roosevelt promise to Mr.. Hartman
if he would raise the corruption fun
of which the Republican party was so
much in need? Was Mr.. Hartman
promised the immunity bath for him
self and the Alton railroad, which it
now appear the Administration is so
kindly giving to the conspirators? IT
seems to be impossible for Republican
politicians to escape being smirched
with political corruption, however
high in the councils of that party they
may be.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
Gigantic Trust.

The investigation of the
Oil trust shows that $49O,00O,00O has
been clear gain during the past eight
years. or an annual profit OF $61,O0O,-
600. Of this, $30s, 359,4O3 has been
paid to the shareholders, the capital
stock being sS,33s,3s2, SO the aver
age dividends have been about 40 per
cent. The assets of the trust have in
creased Ia eight years $17O,S73 ,O0S.
and the total assets in 1896 we're
1911, 664, 531. All these vast amounts
of money have been mostly Wrung
from the poorest of u people, who
from necessity are compelled to use
kerosene, while our more wealthy
people use gas and electricity. The
Republican party, although in COM
plete control of the government for
those past eight years, has never ta-
ken steps to force the trust to fairer
business methods and, at the same
time, has been soliciting and receiv.
ing large sums for the campaign
funds from the trust or the trust
magnates.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
SHIP SUBSIDY ACAIN.]
AN EFFORT BEING MADE TO RE.
HVE THE PLUNDERlNG
SCHEME.
The American People Are Securing
the Benefit of Lower Rates of
Foreign Ship Building compe-
tition Without a Subsidy.

The ship-subsidy organs are taking
advantage of the advertising of the
remarkable run of the new English
Atlantic steamship, the Lusitania, to
bring up the ship-subsidy plundering
scheme again. Has any one heard
of an American ship yard turning out
an American ship designed to hold
her own with the latest marine crea-
tions2" asks the Philadelphia InQulr-
er. It remarks that the United States
Is apparently willing to permit for
eigners 10 carry its freight and pas
engers and reap something like
$500, 000, 900 a year for doing 1t" and
adds: And for even a share of this
vast trade We are making no attempt
whatever. Nor will We, nor can we,
make an attempt until congress comes
to the rescue and aids in building up
genuine American lines
AS to the building Of this modern
ship of vast size and speed has LED
to the reduction of passenger rates
for those who cross the tlantlc n
the determination of other steamship
lines, both German and British, to
build other and greater ships to com
pete with the Cunarder, 1t would seem
that the United States is receiving the
benefit without paying q subsidy. 1t
would be absurd for the American
people to burden themselves with an
enormous annual expenditure to try
and compete with the rival foreign
steamship companies when they have
all the advantage Of reduced trans
portation charges and quicker service.
Whether these modern vessels will pay
fair interest on the investment is a
question and the fact that American
capital has heretofore found other and
better paying investment in domestic
enterprises without the risk of loss
and comparatively small returns, is
but a poor excuse for demanding a
subsidy. To ask the government to
pay a subsidy on any business that
is not of itself profitable enough to
stand alone is sheer robbery of the
taxpayers for the benefit Of the inter
est that would receive it. Because
Mr.. Pierpont Morgan's steamship trust
is improbable, and unlike other trusts
it cannot obtain q monOpoly-for,
thank goodness, the ocean is still a
free highWay-it would be the worst
of folly for the American people to
subsidize it. AS long as we are will
ling to fence in the United States with
a tariff that so increases the cost of
ship building that We cannot compete
with England, we ought to be thank
full that the enterprising ship owners
of that country are willing to carry
us and our goods at reasonable rates.
When In due time tariff protection to
trusts and combines is abolished we
will have free ships and free men 10
compete on the high seas with any
country on earth and not before. Any
subsidy We could pay to ship owners
to overcome present conditions would
only add that much to the already
heavy burden we are loaded with to
protect the trusts.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
CHEATED IN THE DIVIDE.
Suffled Couldn't Account for His Share
of the Fish.

Bufled vas on his way home from
a fishing trip down by the bell buoy.
He had a fine string Of blackfish, so
heavy that he thought he needed a
counterwcfght to balance them. Not
having a can with him, he had dropped
In to put another weight in the mid
die, where he believed it would do
almost as much good.
"And every one Of u.s." he said,
winding up his story of the days fish
ing, went away with Is fine black
fish on his string"
How many fish did you catch in
ALP" some n asked.
Sixty" said Buff1ed; there were
four of u.s."
Where were they?"
well, l was one and the two Kel-
leys was two, and Finnegan was three,
and-Finnegan, he was three, and
Tn blest If / can think who was the
other"
Then he laid down his string Of fish
and began counting on the fingers OF
his disengaged hand.
II was one" he said, doubling up a
finger as he went along, land the two
Keileys was two, and Finnegan was
three, and"
But the two Kelleys were three"
some one broke in.
do you know the two Kelleys"'
asked he, warmly.
NO"
We'll, then. how can we say the two
Kel'eys was three? Go on, man;
you're drunk!"
He stood thinking it over for a min
ute and then picked up his string OF
fish,
I'm id" he said, IF the rascals
didr't do me out of-three is in 60 2C
times-out of five fishes!"-Washing
ton Post.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
TARIFF ON PRINT PAPER.
Republicans Are Hit Hard by Their
Own Boomerang.

The price of print paper such as
newspapers are printed on has ad-
vanced from S1.75 a hundred pounds
to 1915, and may go much higher.
This, of course, weighs as heavy on
the just as on the unjust, and pro-
prietors of Democratic newspapers
have to suffer for the sins of their Re-
publican brethren, without the COM
pensating return Of a share Of the
campaign fund graft, or the advertise
ment of many of the tariff protected
Industries. 1t is some consolation to
Democrats to see the Republicans
kicking at the result of their w do
ings. The tariff tax on print paper OF
from 16 to 20 per cent, and on wood
pulp of ten per cent. on the average,
protects the print paper trust in keep
ing up prices. The Canadian govern
ment has imposed or is about to i'm
pose an export duty on wood pulp,
and under the provisions of para
graph 1913 of the Dingley tariff law,
the amount of such export duty shall
be added as an additional duty on pulp
imported from such country. Thus is
the protection theory u mad, for we
not only tax ourselves to protect a
monopoly of our own, but add to the
burden a further tax, because some
other country seeks to prevent its sup
ply of wood from being depleted. Our
Republican statesmen have refused
reciprocity with Canada and when she
seeks to defend herself by increasing
her export and import duties, these
trust protecting politicians have pro-
yided, we must tax ourselves to help
Canada protect her spruce forest
Still the Republican organs stand pat
and some of them would rather add tc
our tariff burdens than decrease them
and all of them declare for "the funda
mental principle of protection" And
all the trusts say amen. The only pro
lection for the newspapers published
is to advance the price at which they
sell their papers to the public, ano
that must follow, If the print paper
trust is to continue to be protected
So in the end this robber system Of
protection, on what ever commodity
the tariff a is collected is paid BY
the public, the government collecting
about four dollars per capita, and the
trusts about $40 per capita, or $1O(
for each family in the United States
Do you as a voter say amen to that?
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
Deafness Cannot Be Cured

eased portion of the ear. There Is only one way TO
cure deafness, and that is by constitutional remedies.
Deafness Is caused by. an innamed condition OK the
mucous lining Of the Eustschian Tube. When this
tube 10 innamed you have o rumbling sound or I'm
perfect hearing, and when 1t 10 entirely closed, Deaf.
ness Ii the result, and unless the Inflammation can DC
taken out and this tube restored to its normal condi-
ton, hearing will be destroyed forever; nine cases
out Of ten are caused by Catarrh, which is nothing
but An innamed condition of the mucous surfaces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars for any case OF
Deafness tcaused by catarrh) that cannot be cured
by Halls Catarrh Cure. Send for circulars, free.
r. CHENEY b CO., Toledo, q.
Sold by Druggists, 75c.
Take Hall,a FAMILY Pills for constellation.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
Saw II Come Out of a Cow.

A Little city boy and his sister Dor
othy were taken to the country for
the first time.
The two children were happy as
the day was long. In the late after
noon they watched the cows come
home, heard with delight the tink-
ling cow-belIs, and the little boy
even went in the barns to see the
milking done.
At supper, just as Dorothy was
lifting her glass to her rosy lips, the
boy cried out:
ooh, Dorothy, don't! You mustn't
drink that milk. It's not fit to drink.
II came out of a COW. / saw it,"
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
Cats as Plague Preventive.

An Italian correspondent OF the
North China Daily News writes: 1.-THE
newspapers have latterly been full Of
all sorts of suggestions for the stamp
ing out Of plague. For instance, never
kill rats; If you do the fatal rat flea
may be driven to feed on you. Also,
compel each householder to keep
cats. In fact, let the cult Of the cat
as it prevailed in ancient Egypt be re-
vived in India. Plenty Of cats, no
rats"
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
Free If IL Fails,

WILKINSON'S HEADACHE POW
DERS-A Most Wonderful, Certain and
Harmless Remedy for all forms Headache
and Neuralgia. Guaranteed or money re.
funded. Contains No Morphine, Choral
or other harmful ingredients. % cents per
package at any good druggist or by mail.
postage prepaid. Take no substitute.
Quin-Sharpe Drug Co., Vicksburg, Miss.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
Warner as a Curative AGENT.

Vernon Lee has told somewhere the
story of the marvellous effects Of Wag-
ner on y headache. One does, after a
time, 81 ccumb to what is a kind OF
hypnotism; the sound seems almost to
clear the air, OF at least to lull n
into a kind of dream in which only the
sense on hearing exists.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19

Twas afflicted with a sore on my
face Of four years. standing. II
was a small pimple at first but it
in every way until I became
alarmed about it and consulted
several physicians. They all
treated me but the sore continued
to grow worse. Isaw 8. s.. s. adj
vertised and commenced it3 use
and after taking it q while I was
completely cured. My blood ia
now pure and healthy from the
been any sign OF the sore since
s.. 8. 8. cured it.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19

TrV 4 n Denton Co., raises success
Al fully every staple crop grown in
~ Texas; cotton, wheat, corn, oats,
alfalfa, sorghum, millct, barley, rye, truck, pea
nuts, fruits, berries, grapes, etc. Artesian wells
100 #. and up. Improved farm lands $40 to $50
an acre. Denton, "a town Of 600 has five schools
leges. For descriptive literature and list of
Texas lands and business chances, write
LIPSCOMB-EDWARDS COMPANY,
Dept. d, Denton, Texas.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19

He is great who confers the most
benefits. He is base-and that Is the
one base thing in the universe--to re-
ceive favors and render none.--Emer-
son.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1907-10-19
poyice of Worlds Cities.

Berlin's patrolmen are one to $40,
Liverpool's are one to 449, London's
one to 496, and Philadelphia has n
patrolman for every ell citizens. On
Manhattan island there Is but n
policeman to every CAB inhabitants.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1907-02-07
THE ICE BREAKS
TWO BOYS DROWN
While Skating Near Kings Mills,
Kentucky On Sunday Afternoon


nins "'iis' ny" JAN 90
''','on "i''e''' iouf'een years o'o'
anu UP ioSA'"'' aye ni'eeh years
""'ie 'N''i"s ." Po"u 'otneu ~
WV '"'A ""'oi' Va 'i'S man" 'io0N'
oioAc 'n'ouE" inc 'Hin ice yesterday
- "o0" "oo"' . o'o'N ""u "o'e
u'0" "'e' '''oi' "''i'''''' ''"'u i'''''
'"el"'
ne "ou'e' were 'eco'eIeu ia'e 'iil'
iore"oon AFTER 'ne TASK oi locating
- - ''''' '''' ~ wv" 7''D up q"
"op''''''
"''e were only Iour ooy9 'oSe'her
at '"e ''iii' Oh 'le acc'o'"'' Il oro'i'er
Oh e'ch oil them oe'ng III the skating
party ihey Hao peeh ENJOYING 'he
Sha'lHS On '"c Si'oo'n Pil'pic io''
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1907-02-07
Even From The Mountains

Billiards. Snow Linment is praised for the good
it does. A sure for Rheumatism and all
pains Wright w. Loving, Grand Junction
Colo. writes. Il used Billiards. Snow Linmen,
last winter, for Rheumatism and recommend
it as the best Liniment on the market thought
at the time was taking down with this trouble
tina, j, would be a week before could get about
but on applying your Liniment several times dur
ing the night. was about in IS hours and well ir
three days" J Orme.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1907-02-07

Leaders for tenth grade Stella
Redd, SO lilo; Allie Wilborn, Sc 5-l2;
Velda Hicklin, So Alas.
Leaders in eleventh grade Mary De-
Doe, 94t; May Travis, "a; Annie Dean,
90 26-2S; Fenwick Wathen, 92l.
Entered Marion School since opening
of spring term.
Noble Drury. Joe Adams. Katie Wal
ker, Henry Drury, Orion Walker, John
Drury, John i e H u ghes, Tom
Carter, Pruett Adams, Simeon Hunt,
Kirby Paris, Geo. Swansey, Ray Hugh
es, Lloyd Glless. Birdie Lloyd, Cecil,
LaRue. Owen Threlkeld, Virgil Threl-
keld, Willie Clement, James Clement,
Minnie Hunt, Harry Vaughn, Linnie
Paris, Orion Woodside, Victor Young
Lonnie Moore, Ralph Little, Russell
Ford. Elsie Riley, Allen Riley, Lee
Ford, Friedrich Gilbert. Azola White
Ruth Cook
The Enrolment has now reached 476
The average daily attendance fol
this month will be the highest in the
history of the school. Last year during
the entire year 4S5 were enrolled, blu,
at no time were there more than 46(
present. This year We have lost very
few since the school began and the at
tendance has been very fine, not-with
standing weather conditions.
Very truly,
VICTOR G. KEE.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1907-02-07
Endorsed by The County.

The most popular remedy in Otsego County,
and the best friend of my family" writes VIM NJ
Detz, editor and publisher Of the Otsego Journal
Gilbertsville. New York is DR. Kings New Dis
covery II has proved TO be an infallible cure for
coughs and colds. Taking short work Of the
worst OF them We always keep bottle in the
house believe it to be the most valuable pre-
scrption known for Lung and Throat diseases
Guar anteed to never disappoint the taker. by
II Orme Druggist Price soc and $500 Trial
bottle free.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1907-02-07
HyMEAEAl.
Miss Emma MoreIand Became The
Bride Of Harry Gill Thursday
January 10th, 1907.

"A pretty home wedding Of the week
and one interested large circle Of
friends took place yesterday after
noon at > o clock at the residence OF
Mr.. and Mrs. James Moreland, No.
lois West Woodland street. when
their daughter. Miss Emma More
land. became the bride OF Harry ill.
The ceremony was performed by Rev.
\. j. Kincaid, pastor of the first
Baptist Church, in the presence OF
about thirty five relatives and inti.
mate friend, of the couple The
house was decorated in potted plants
and pink and white carnation, and
roses. During the ceremony the
couple stood meath floral bell sus-
pended from the doorway between
the two parlors. Miss Ada Clark
presided at the piano for the nuptial
music.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gill left on the ka.
ty Flyer for two weeks trip to
Santonio, Austin and other South
Texas points. On their return they
will be at home at No. 1920 West
Woodland street.
The bride is the elder daughter Of
Mr.. and Mrs. James Moreland and
has been reared in Denison. Few
young ladies are better and more ia
yorably known that she, numbering
her friends by the scores. She has
been connected with several dry goods
stores of the city, and is equally pop
ular in business and social circles
Her marriage, though KEPT qniet and
comes as a great surprise to many of
her friends, is the occasion of many
happy wishes being showered on her.
The groom is postal clerk on the
Monet Denison r. p. o., and dur
ing his residence here has won the
high esteem of a large number OF
friends, who are doing the proper
thing by showering congratulations
on this happy event.
Among the out-of-town guests .:
the wedding were Miss Rose Lam
bert, of Dallas; Misses Carrie and
Maud Gill, Of Marion, KY, sisters
Of the groom; Mrs. B. F. Caffo-d oi
Sherman, aud James Meaghet Of
Sherman. "-Denison (Tex.) Elk.
The above announcement will come
as 4 complete surprise to the many
friends of Harry Gill, here. He y
a fine young man justly popula(
where-ever known and the PRESS con-
gratulstes him, Harry wasn't very
easy to catch.