The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-11-24

nlulnB pAacee ana bne pfOUt0hn VI uhaAubaiu-
ing an adequate reserve OF the yellow metal
cease to ven the Treasury.
nI.
The foreign policies Of the Harrison and
the second Cleveland Administrations are
considered in the thirteenth and nineteenth
chapters OF this volume. We are reminded
that in 1891 a breach in friendly relations be-
tween the United States and Italy was DO
casionsd by the killing Of several subjects
of Italy by an armed mob in New Orleans.
To the persistent demands Of the Italian
Government for redress the Harrison Ad-
ministration replied hat the Federal Gov
eminent could not Of itself instigate crimi-
nal proceedings against the authors Of h
lynchings; that the indictments must be
made by the municipal authorities OF New
Orleans under State law and that the treaty
between the two countries gave to the
subjects OF Italy sojOurning in the Unite
States only the rights which American Citi-
zens themselves possessed. This %interpre-
tatiOn Of Federal and State relations, by
which the United States appeared to escape
responsibility. was not acceptable to n
Italian Government. and its Minister at
Washington, Baron Fava. was recalled.
Later, however. President Harrison re-.
ferred to the incident in tactful terms which
gave the Italian Government an oppor-
tunity to reestablish diplomatic intercourse.
and Congress- voted S25. 900 to be distrib-
uted mong the families Of the murdered
Italians. not indeed as a matter Of Federal
duty, but as an expression Of the regret OF
the United States.
The diplomatic relations Of the United
States with Chile at this period we're also
unfortunate. Our Minister at Santiago.
Mr.. Patrick Egan. was charged with undue
sympathy for Balmaceda. the President OF
the Chilssn Republic. who was accused Of
aiming to become a dictator and was en-
gagged in a struggle with the Congressional
party in that commonwealth. The seizure
OF a Chilean vessel belonging to the Con-
gressional party by the United States fur
Their trained the relations Of the two coun-
tries: When the revolutionary party suo-
Ceeded in Overthrowing Balmaceda n
in establishing a provisional governments
charges were made in Chile that naval
officers Of the United States had improp-
erly given information to the would-be
dictator in regard TO the conduct Of the
war. The resentment exhibited by the
Congressional party toward the United
States was quickly matched. however. by
the ange aroused in this country because OF
an assault upon the sailors of the warship
Baltimore in the streets OF Valparaiso.
Explanations were at once demanded, but
az no satisfaction could be promptly Sc
cured the Harrison Administration in JAM
uary. 1892. presented an ultimatum declar-
ing thai suitable apology and PREPARATION
must be made for the injury don to u
Government. Chile quickly yielded.
We pass over the Illustration OF Mr..
Cleveland's attempt to restore Queen Liliuo-
kalani to the throne Of Hawaii. and come
directly to the startling assertion OF the
Monroe Doctrine in the special message
which Mr.. Cleveland sent to Congress on
December II. 1926. and in which he declared
it to be the duty Of the United States to re-
sist by every means in it's power. as a wilfuI
aggression upon its rights and interests.
the appropriation by Great Britain Of any
lands or the exercise by il Of governmental
jurisdiction over any territory which after
investigation by a special commission we
should nave ascertained TO belong to Vene-
zuela.
Prof. Dewey recalls that this mess lgs
was a bolt out OF the blue. for up 90 this
time the country had been ignorant Of the
earnest demands for arbitration of the
boundary question which the Administrs-
ton had made in earlier correspondence.
There wns. moreover. a widespread opinion.
based on Mr.. Cleveland's previously pacific
administration Of foreign affairs. that he
stood for concession rather han aggression
or even a firm UNFOLDING Of national rights
II suddenly turned out that instead og a
time worn curiosity the Monroe Doctrine
was in Mr.. Cleveland's hands a sharp
edged tool ready for immediate use. In
simplest form the issue raised by the Presi-
dents message meant that inasmuch as
arbitration had been refused by Great
Britain. the United States would arrogats
the right to mark the boundaries Of an
English colony and to compel the mother
country 20 accept those limits.
An impressive evidence of the popular
establishment caused by Mr.. C~leveland's
stand was exhibited on the stock markets
Of London and New York. The message
was presented TO Congress- on a Tuesday
and published on the ensuing Wednesday
morning. On Thursday the significance
Of it began to be felt, and or Friday Oc-
CURED a disastrous panic. which not only
checked the upward movement in con-
fidence and prosperity but caused many
failures. Notwithstanding the damage thus
inflicted the country az a whole gave the
President a hearty and decides indorse-
ment irrespective of party OF section.
SO unmistakabIe was the temper evinced
that there was little reason TO believe that
the United States would in the future abate
her demands in the slightest degree. IL is
well known that war was averted by Great
Britain's expression Of a willingness 70
accept the earlier request Of the United
Ga.N-. shAN Gk- A-.,I.-- - -