davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-09-13
$5,o0o,0o0,ooo Per Annum.

-
During the last 20 years some 49,
100000 or 100000 immigrants have
arrived. The exact figure does not
matter, for all we wish is an estimate
of the number now alive and working,
and many who came before 1887 are
that. If these people are producing
an average of $500 worth of goods
and children apiece their current pro-
ductivity is now $4,000, 100000 per an
NUN.
This is 200 times as much as our
new automobiles cost us last year
This enormous fund of current income
we should have lost had We rigidly
excluded immigration in 1887.
How much capital do these immi-
grants embody, not in their pockets
or bank accounts, but in their strength
of body and character?
Assume that out of the 100000
aliens arrived since 1887 100000
are now adult males. For each of
these that you kill his family can COL
lect from you, by law, $4,000. He
must be worth at least half that. That
is to say, we have got from Europe
during the last two decades, for moth
ing, working machine which capital
ICES at from 25,OO0,O0O,O00 to 5O,OOO,-
100000.
This figure agrees fairly well with
our estimate of the animal productiv-
ity of this great human machine. But
the eXactness of the figures does not
matter. 1t is plain that, however they
may be modified in detail, they will
still remain enormous. Our crops
have certainly been enormous of re-
cent years, but it has already become
plain that they cannot stand alone as
an explanation of our remarkable
prosperity. We not only grow hun
dreds of millions of dollars worth of
corn, wheat, and cotton at the cost of
much labor each year, but We also i'm
bibe from another continent, without
a cent of cost to ourselves, upward of
a billion dollars worth of human live
stock per annum.
We do not hesitate to assign a solid
value to every other form of live stock
which the land needs for it's working
Why should not our immigrants be
figured as similar asset?
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-09-13
country solely according to whether

country solely according to whether
he produces more, of material or Of
morality, than he consumes. He may
produce very little, yet if his wants
are less than that little he is still a
profitable investment for the nation.
He may, on the other hand, apparently
produce millions; yet if he consumes
more than that, or if he undermines
our standards of morality, or if he
is found to produce actually much
less than he apparently produces, he
may be great source of loss, in spite
of his prominence and power.
The people understand this well.
1t is their habitual application of this
new economic trysquare to men in the
public eye which is now making mil
lionairism so uncomfortable.
What Is immigration Worth?
To which class, then, belongs the
average immigrant? Is he producer
or dissipator of net wealth and NOR
atty? If the former, what is our i'm
migrant worth, net, to the nation?
The law says that dead male adult
constitutes a loss of $4,000 to his fam
lily. In this it strikes a rough average
and draws no distinction of any sort
between individuals. So it is hard to
get at it in that way.
The average adult male immigrant
(and half of our immigrants are of
this sort) earns at least $500 per an
mum soon after his arrival. Rather,
that is what he is paid. My estimates
have led me to state, elsewhere, that
his actual productivity is from three
to four times that amount, the balance
going to pay the cost of doing 'busi-
ness" with what he produces and con-
sumes. But the benefit of this doubt
will be left, for the present, to the op-
position.
The right will be reserved, however,
to class all immigrants under this fig
ure, for the majority of them have
been here long enough to expand their
income beyond $500. That is to say,
most of those who were classed as
children at the time of entry are now
adults. Of the women some are off
set in their unproductivity by the men
who earn more than $500; the rest
are producing more than that value in
the form of children.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-09-13
AS to Pauper Labor.

A great deal of the misunderstood.
ing is due to the use of that term pau
per labor 1 have estimated tnat
every immigrant in coming to Amer
lea spends on an average from $50 to
$100 for transportation. This Includes
his fare from his home to the point OF
departure, the crossing of the Atlantic
and the railroad fare to his destina.
ton. In other words, they spend up
ward of $1OO,OOO,OOO a year in search
of work. Let us suppose, for sake of
argument, that Russia suddenly held
out great opportunities for money
making so that Americans by the mil
lion were attracted there. 1t seems to
me that 100000 native born citizens
might have some difficulty in raising
100000, 900 for transportation. And
in addition this army of incomers car
ried with them more than $20,00O,O00
in cash.
There is, of course, urgent need OF
the restriction of immigration, but
such restriction is already in force.
The laws governing the situation are
very rigid; they have been devised by
intelligent men, familiar with the sit
uation, working in sympathy with
these people as well as in the best in
terests of the country. And the laws
are being enforced. AS the need for
further restriction occurs it will re.
ceive due attention. Meanwhile the
demand for laborers throughout the
country is very urgent. The immi-
grants are adding hundreds of mil
lions of dollars to the wealth OF
America, while they help themselves
to a broader and more prosperous life.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-09-13

In many circles throughout the coun-
try there is in progress a serious dis
cussion as to the advisabiIity of curb
ing the immigration flood. This nat
urally has led up to the question of the
immigrant, his value or his menace,
and his position in the social machine.
The New York Herald has invited
opinions on the subject. and presents
the views of three men who may reason
ably be said to have studied the
situation. We reproduce them below:
BY siancy A. Reeve.
Former Professor of Steam and Hydrau-
lie Engineering at Worcester Polytech-
mic Institute and Lecturer at Harvard.
Current conversation and the peri
odical press are full of condemnation
of our lax restriction of immigration.
All the evils to which our country is
heir are explained by the undesirable
horde" of aliens which is pressing into
the land with ever increasing volume.
The steady increase in criminality
which has now become unquestioned
Is attributed to this overflow" of the
undesirables from the older countries,
and these countries are accused of col
fusion with the steamship companies
toward a promotion of the volume of
migration. That portion of our citi-
zens which is interested in the labor
market is in chronic rebellion against
this influx of cheap labor. destined to
compete upon an un-American basis
with American labor Those of us
who are interested in purity of poll
tics see in the inflowing torrent cur
rent supply of corruptibles upon
whose votes political machines may
be reared and supported.
Upon every side arises this denun-
citation of immigration. Nor is it re-
cent phenomenon. Look up the litera-
ture of immigration, and you will find
the decade of 1S40-1S50 supplying it's
fair quota of "kicks," in goodly proper
ton to what our increased population
puts forth today For 60 years we,
as a nation, regardless of whether our
continent yet contained undeveloped
territory, as in 1S47, or undeveloped
possibilities, as in 1907, have been OBJ
jecting strenuously to immigration.
Meanwhile the immigration has
been steadily increasing, except dur
ing the period of the civil war, and at
the end of the 60 years we enjoy phe-
nomenal prosperity.
There is an Inconsistency here
somewhere between the theories of
the pessimists and the facts, and big
one, too.
What are the facts?
Question of CriminaIity.
AS to criminality, we can find none
supporting the theory that in general
immigration is of a criminal sort.
Here and there may be found minor
facts and figures on that side, it is
true. The southern Italians, without
z,,oc&;o, ORC I1nucua1Iv .i11itarata and
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-09-13
1901 ,758, immigrants last year more

1901, 756, immigrants last year mors
than ten per cent were over the age
limit and a great proportion brought
their wives. About SO per cent. may
be classed as workers. But in another
sense they were all workers. There
were no idlers, scarcely one who
would shirk his duty. And as to their
morality. the average is certainly
good. These immigrants are placed
upon q probation for three years.
Should they get into trouble in this
time they are liable to be deported.
Last year there were for all causes
less than 1900 deported. l question
if our native born population can show
a better record.
The modern immigrant of to day, it
seems to me, is greatly misunderstood.
We have a great deal of talk about
the menace of the immigrant from the
south of Europe. A few decades ago
most of the immigrants came from
Ireland, while Germany ranked second
and Great Britain third. Italy and
Russia sent comparatively few. To-
day the situation is practically re-
versed. Last year we received 1000
from Italy, 10000 from Russia and
but $4,000 from Ireland and 10000
from Germany. From Austria and
Hungary some $4,000 reached our
shores. 1t is unfair to say that the
north of Europe is no longer repre-
sented. But are the immigrants from
the southern countries dangerous or
undesirable? The statistics of crime
do not prove it. The Italian is a hard
worker. We should remember that
the Latin people were highly civilized
when the north of Europe was peo-
pied with savages. The southern
countries may not have progressed of
late, but the impulse is still therA, and
with unlimited opportunities Of Amer
lea before them who can tell what
they may not accomplish in tie fu-
ture?
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-09-13

Sends Emigrants to canaZa.
The Salvation Army in England Is
sending emigrants to Canada in
patches Of 600 monthly.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1907-09-13
Question of CriminaIity.

AS to criminality, we can find none
supporting the theory that in general
immigration is of criminal sort.
Here and there may be found minor
facts and figures on that side, it is
true. The southern Italians, without
question. are unusually illiterate and
The Washington times., 1907-09-01

Of achievements is the result Of nv
wars work
The Washington times., 1907-09-01

VIII Remain in Europe.

America viii not see him in the near
future. He is not vet ready 10 return
10 his own land. at least for the pur-
pose of marketing his voice American
impresarios have the opiniOn-whather
just or not-that this country cannot
develop a voice. They must go 70 one
o. the continental centers for their
talent, where a young man or young
woman is supposed TO have gone
through the third degree Of seasoning.
Realizing this condition, Jenkins is
obtaining his experience in the opera
houses of Europe At the same time
he Is creating a name for himself that
VIII cause the Yankee managers to
meet his demands when he Is ready
TO return 10 his native land.
For two months this summer Jenkins
rested at his home IN North Olmsted.
west of the city. Few out his intimate
friends knew OF his presence here. He
was prodigal of his voice when he sang
at the little country churches around
North Olmsted. but with the exception
of one occasion he did not sing in
town.
shortly after his arrival at home
jenkins received word that he was
wanted at the Munich festival He
sailed early IN July. From Munich he
gees u Beyreuth. where ne VIII take
part in the annual WaEnerian festival
The regular season viii find him the
principal tenor of the state opera
house at RoulIon. France This record
The Washington times., 1907-09-01
Ahroad OnlY Two Years.

II was only two years ago Jenkins
was able 20 90 abroad for study. Some
Of the best masters heard him and
gave him advice. He studied and IS
still studying. A year ago this fall
ne was invited 20 become the principal
tenor at the RouHon Opera House He
signed the contract that he might
have actual operate experience and
stil be near enough to Paris 20 con-
tinue his work as a student Al the
close OF the season he sang in several
OF the continental cities. The verdict
was the same IN every place:
Here is the greatest tenor n the
worldv'
The critics say the man is Just be
ginning. They are not willing 10 pre-
dict 20 what dizzy heights his talent
viii carry him. All they say is:
The greatest tenor IN the worIdr'
Jenkins IS not lyric singer. HIS
voice is one FOR the primeval instincts.
II has IN It fire and tragedy. It Is
rich. full OF marvellous fiexibility and
wonderful tonaI colorings. Il is dis
tinStly a Wagnerian voice. His roper
tory is Wagnerian.
Out in the little cottage he occupied
at North Olmsted this summer, he
would sit at the piano and sing the
roaring, booming scores Of the German
master until the very walls would
shake While he has no tiny drawing
The Washington times., 1907-09-01
Discouraged BY Nelghbors.

The rural man as rule has no faith
n the monetary return OF an artistic
NE. Music, art. the drama, do not
come into the scope OF his necessities
and he cannot understand how the
world Is able TO spend its surplus IN
the pursuit Of such trifes. When
Jenkins decided 10 resign himself 20 q
musical career, the tilIers Of the soil
predicted nothing but the worst IN lifa
for him. II was with exceeding diff
Guilty he obtained enough money for
MS beginnings. There were shakfngs
OF heads and quiet whisperIngs.
The boy IS throwing himself away
10 the devil the wise ones said
Never mind, said others ..be v-,l,
De coming back soon. glad to make his
way on the old farm
on his first and MS second visits
home the neighbors maintained their
discouraging tone. on the next visit
he settled with his creditors who had
made II possible for him 20 start life
in the big world
More than year ago Re bought two
large pieces or property az Olmsted.
Last spring on bis return plans were
made for the most beautiful home IN
the township. He selected a spot al
most concealed from the highway by
trees or which to build Il The con
tract was let 4 gas well was sunk
that Will provide fuel and light The
walls OF the house are rising IN grace
ful and generous outlines. Il viii be
ready for occupancy when the master
the Continent.
While still IN the country Mr.. Jen-
kins married. Mrs Jenkins Will re-
main at Olmsted this summer and win
ter, directing the completion OF their
new home and caring for their two
boys. one now IN his teens. She would
be abroad with her husband were #
not that they wish 10 rear their chill
The Washington times., 1907-09-01

Siegfried. by the way, is his favorite
role IN Il he made his debut on the
stage, and II has remained his best
part. other heavy roles have fallen
20 him. IN some OF which he may have
made a greater artistic success. but
to this stalwart Teuton warrior he
clings with not only a sentimental
but a professional. interest
II will be some time before Jenkins
IS heard IN the Metropolitan or Man
haitian opera house. Not because he
viii not be wanted there. Couried
and Hammersteln have both had their
attention directed 20 him.
II Will sing on the Continent until
can be perfectly sure OF myself.
he says. when come 90 America
as az operate singer VIII have
something for the public TO heat. I
do not want to return to my own
country and have the critics say: We
could do better than that by his voice
here
7 am not one n those who believe
that no musical education can be ac-
qulred outside Of Europe. 1 have had
teachers in this country to whom I
VIII be forever indebted. To my mind.
il Is not for instruction so much rs
operate tradition that American sing
ers go abroad. In the European cities
music has been j passion Of the pe0-
pie for centuries. Practically all the
great masters have come from some
Of the countries on the other side
over there the national govern
ments take an active interest In mu-
steal art. They encow opera houses.
they support Conservatives, where the
best instruction can be had. they give
moral ard financial encouragement 10
any movement. well authenticated.
that has for its object an Increase OF
popular appreciation of the. good
things In music.
The Washington times., 1907-09-01

r y small places, where a quiet life
is preferred by the majority OF
the inhabitants. there is a strong
er feeling Of neighborliness and
good viii. as those are more dependent
on one another than they are in larger
towns. Hence, the etiquette Of these
small communities is simpler and less
formal than that observed in large
places.
OF course. one is more apt to be
critical In a small town, but this is
due to the fact that. having less to
occupy their minds. people are liable
10 give a magnifed Importance to the
actions or words of their friends. The
city hostess with tnnumerabIe friends
and engagements. may care very little
about personal visits. but In the coun-
try town It is different The hostess
here Is rigid IN regard 10 calls be-
cause these are of real interest and
pleasure to her. The etiquette. in this
instance. is all toe more binding be-
cause Of its simplicity. Though fash
ions In these things do not change as
often in the small town as IN the city,
old-time courtesy. where II IS genuine,
shows that good breeding and dignity
of living are no new things in tae
family possessing them.
The real feeling Of genuine kindness
of the countryside is at no time so ap-
parent as in times Of sickness and az
Fiction. Where trained nurses are i'm
possible either on account Of expense
or. for other reasons. neighbors will
irgly guard the patient during the
night. and help tighten the burden OF
the family during the Day. Always
The Washington times., 1907-09-01

OF achievements is the result Of hvs
years work
Born on a Farm Near Cleveland.
Il was about thirty-hvs years ago
when George W. Jenkins was born on
a farm at North OImsted. His parents
settled there years before. As he
grew he followed the pillow and worked
IN the ground He went 70 the coun-
try school and sang Ike other boys.
As hs grew older his voice developed
until ne was called to sing az all the
amateur concerts for the churches
and schools and Sunday schools. Even
ne did not suspect he had the basis
for a voice that is given but one man
IN q decade.
There came time when he must
provide a livelihood for himself. lie
used his academic education and pro-
cured a certificate 10 teach - the
schools OF the county provided he
could find employment He was select
ed as teacher OF the North Olmsted
school. There he stayed for several
terms. his life as prosaic and plain as
that OF any country pedagogue.
The change in the current OF hts az
fairs came suddenly. Invited % sing
at a service in one Of the big CieVe-
land churches. he attracted the atteh-
ion Of two or three prominent men
uho have more than a passing appre-
-ya4gon Of music They met him, talked
NTH hin, and learned that the volcs
a., had become Interested IN was
,,a+-,~a,a voice. unframed uncultl-
waited --...,,
s,aroh a voics should never be wasted
~, the country. Don't you realize Jus
worth? You must have it deYeiopeo'
II is a voice worthy the efforts OF 'he
,rraarest masters" they told him
Jenkins was embarrassed Praise
such as that had Pever CONS 20 him
ArnbItloa began TO grow In his heat
hut he explained thai his financial
condition would not warrant the eH-
pense necessary 10 obtain the pest
teachers.
Encouraged and urged on by his new
friends. Jenkins raised a few hundred
doIlars-an amount sufficient 10 take
hin, 10 New York and pay tuition Tor
"a limited season. In New York he
was appreciated. however, and church
,osltIons opened to him. He sang at
the Brooklyn tabernacle and at sew
eral OF the big Manhattan places OF
worship. These engagements PAID
him enough 20 warrant continued
studv Concert engagements were
offered him next. He discouraged
these. not because he did not need TIE
enumeration they would brins. but
because he had greater plans. Three
years ago, however. he devoted q sea-
son 70 concert work. Critics began
then 10 awaken 10 the fact that q new
tenor had been born.
The Washington times., 1907-09-01
SUNSET ON THE BLUFF.

Silence; and then from afar
A high sharp cry from a wandering
crow,
And a locusts whir In the bush near
by.
Never a wave to mar
TIE CLASSY calm Of the water below
Nor cloud TO whiten the blue Of the
sky.
Gently a bfaCk-huIed yawl
With the sunsets autumn flare Of
flame
Drifts TO the neighbOrinE harhcr; bright
Two butterflies sway. and fan
Among asters and golden-rOd, drenched
with light
And trumpeting forth September's
fame.
Over the evening sky
A lambent veil Of red Is hurled
And dropped from the sky 20 the ebb-
ing sea:
In sunset cOlOrs lie
The wooded bluff, and the outsuetehed
And the black-huned yawI with her
golden lee
Marion Lorraine. in Appleton's Maya
zine.
The Washington times., 1907-09-01

room voice 1t is easily adapted 20 the
tender little ballades and serenades
that delight the French and italian
hearts. At the Sunday church serv-
ices. when his neighbors insisted on
his singing, he would choose the
simple, old fashioned hymns. OF an un-
pretentiOus aria that would delight the
souls OF the country folk Bfodesty Is
one OF his consuming traits There Is
never thought in MS mind OF telling
the world OF his wonderful voice. II
the world finds out for itself, we'll and
good. Least OF al does he want his
old Olmsted friends to understand
they have been harboring a genius. He
has no press agent 60 exploit him. Per
haps some day he viii come to see the
necessity of this functionary. but tina:
time Is not here.
The Washington times., 1907-09-01
Etiquette in the Country

ready 10 assist. IN sorrow and in sick
ness. IN Joy and IN health, one finds
that the neighbors IN small town far
excel those in the city,
With all due regard for the frlandh-
ness Of the city people. one must ad-
nit that. where one has so many ac-
Guaintances. II would be rather lrksome
TO attempt TO play the good samaritan
in each and every case. Nevertheless,
lxindnes Of heart IS an excellent trait
and Is seldom overdOne in any COM
munity. no matter how neighborly one
may be.
The Washington times., 1907-09-01
OhiOPedGgogneHaS
Become Famous
and Is NOr1 Re-
ceiving a Salary
Exceeding That of
the President of
the United States.
Cleveland. Ohio. Aug. 81.

ID a 4OA4E oANp AAOAAA ShAlA
little school room as a COun-
try pedagogue to the foot
L lights of the national thea
ters of Europe as a noted tenor
with crowned heads as attentive
and appreciative listeners.
This is what has happened to
George w. jenkins, of Cleveland,
who is now delighting thousands
of music lovers and critics in the
old world. Many have gone 50 far
as TO hail him as the worlds great
est tenor.
Five years ago he was unknown
outside of his little coterie Of
friends in one of Cleveland's sub
urban towns. Now he is singing
at the Munich Festival at a salary
greater than that of President
Roosevelt.
There have been innumeTable
AIladin-like rises in the music and
dramatic worlds. Every year
new star is discovered on the arts
tic horizon. None in recent years
has arisen with such rapidity nor
from such a firm foundation as
this Cleveland man-JenkinS.
The Washington times., 1907-09-01

dren IN a thorough American atmos-'
phere, give ther1 an American educa-
ton, and prevent their incubation with
Bohemian modes of life; an Inevitable
ity II they attained their maiorities IN
the Continental art centers.
The Washington times., 1907-09-01
Atmosphere Invaluable.

1T follows that the opera houses
there. some Of which have been in use
for century. are surrounded by an
atmosphere and tradition that Is in
vaklS7le to student Tbs very best
IN E4lsical life surrounds you. While