Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-02-17

1 Oh the pr0pOSitlOa VI ZIG Wdt
Mecca OF minister to introduce certain
| paec. economies in the war budget
| and the bill introduced In the
House Of Representatives on the 18th in
slant by Mr. Bartholdt, ITO establish the
foundation for the promotion of industrial
! peace. combine to attract attention to The
Hague. now become the Mecca Of peace.
The Hague henceforth is destined to hold
| large place In the worlds view and a
| brief mention just here is pertinent. Be-
| sides. reference is suggested because of
the somewhat naive remark of corre-
spondent who cabled his journal on the
| 18th instant that 1.-The resignation of the
| Holland cabinet will have no effect upon
! the holding of the second peace confer
ence."
The diplomatic and national appeIlation
| of Holland is Nederland or Netherlands.
The name of Holland is taken from the
Count OF Holland. one of the statholders.
| William of Orange, stakeholder in 1872. was
King of England in 1859. The peace Of
Utrecht in 1713 marked the apogee of
power and commercial Importance of Ho-
| land. The French invaded Holland and
the republic of Batavia was proclaimed
| in f795. In 1906 the republic was annexed
| to France under Louis, brother of Bona
parte, as King of Holland In 1910 Belgium
and Holland were united single state.
| and separated in 1890. Wilhemina, daugh-
| ter of William III. was recognized as heir
November %. 1890, on the death of her
father. Wiihelmina came of age September
.. 1888. and was proclaimed August 81 of
that year. The queen married Prince
Henry of Observation-Disclosures February
Z, 1901.
The idea of association to obtain universal
peace Is not new, but may be found in the
| mind OF some one In every epoch Of our
civilization. Henry ", for example, had
the idea Of a European federation of all
Christian states. supreme council in which
right would dominate might. He had this
IN mind when he signed the Treaty Of
Yerins in 1850 with Philippe II, King of
Spain and the Netherlands which put an
end to religious war, and when he signed
| the memorable Edict of Nantes.
Jean Jacques Rousseau published a little
volume In 1761 which may be cited as an
other proof that at that period universal
peace and disarmament occupied a large
place in mems minds. The volume Is thus
petual Peace by the Able St Pierre, by ].
1851"
Rousseau published as a preface his let
ter to N. de Bastido author of Du Monde:
II would have wished to reply to your So
licitations. Six years ago the Count Saint
Pierre confided to me the manuscripts of
the late Al. fAbbe. his uncle. l undertook
to abbreviate his writings in order to rem
der them more readable. 1 send YOU mon
sieur. the first Of these extracts as an in
augural subject for you who love peace and
whose writings breathe it. Let us hope
| nations: for between authors that has
never been. and 1t Is not today that we may
hope for 1t. I salute you, monsieur with
all my soul, Rousseau, December 5, Mont
moreney, 1760'
4
Able Saint Pierre Charles Irenee CasteD
| was born in Paris in 1858. and died there
In 1743. He accompanied
saint P1erre's Cardinal de Polignac to
proiar+ the congress of Utrecht,
and published project of
perpetual peace in 1713. In 171S he pub
lished q discourse on polysynods a severe
criticism Of the acts Of Louis XIV, which
caused his exclusion from the academy
The Able Saint Pierre says in his project:
There is no project grander or more
beautiful or useful which has ever occu-
pied the human spirit than perpetual and
universal peace between all peoples of Eu-
rope Authors Will never find anything
which merits more the attention of the
public than the man who proposes the
| means to put this project in execution"
The able proposed general confedera,
ton to be convoked by order of the several
sovereigns Of Europe, including the pope.
THE sovereigns, he says. will contract
| perpetual and irrevocable alliance be-
tween them and will nominate plenipoten-
tiares to congress in which will be ar
ranged the ways and means of an arbltra-
ton of all differences.
1.-The confederation will guarantee to each
one Of its members the possession and gov
eminent of all the states which it actually
possesses or may inherit
The confederation will take arms against
all who are refractory. The articles can
only be changed by unanimous consent Of
the confederation. There are eight articles
Of the project; the sixth may be cited YER
batim:
Total and perpetual suppression Of ex-
traordfnary military and naval expense in
time of war. and a considerable diminution
In time OF peace.
Perfect liberty and security to be Sc
cured to interstate commerce as well as
the commerce of each state in distant
regions
Johann Won Bloch, q Polish financier of
marked ability as an economist and at the
same time remarka BILE
Won blocns writer on military matters,
Museum. was born at Radon, Po-
land in 1896. He first be-
came known to the world as propagandist
of universal peace principally by his arti
cles In French. German and English peri
odicals and by his International Museum Of
War and Peace, founded at Luzerne in
1902. III
Won Bloch, finding that his arms from
the most primitive crossbows to the most
modern engines of war. interested the pub
lie but little. inspired the establishment at
Luzerne of new museum, which will he
entitled Museum of Peace and the Horror
of War. This last will give special i'm
portance to the part devoted to the EXPOSE
ton of peace.
The Polish philanthropist has done more
than this-he has written a book entitled
La Guerre Future" st. Petersburg. 1s)8
seven volumes, a translation of which has
been made by Mr.. R. C. Long, London.
1883, under the title of THE Future of
War in its Technic, Economic and Political
Relations"
In this book Won Bloch argues that under
modern conditions war would necessa rilv
be of such length as to result In the starya-
ton Of the contending powers. consequent
revolution and the destruction Of the state
and hence that it is unlikely to be entered
upon In the future.
Won Bloch furnishes statistics showing
the colossal sums which armed peace costs
each year to Europe. He declares that more
| than quarter of the taxes paid by the
taxpayer go to pay military expenses
The total for Europe is about ten millards
of francs. The daily expenses of a future
war between the triple alliance. and the
Franco-Russian alliance are estimated at
more than one hundred millions. If the war
should last a year, which is probable the