The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1907-02-15
THE DETECTIVE STORY
0riQin and Growth of the Clever
Amateur Sleuth. 4.
V0LTAIRE WAS HIS CREATOR.
Tho Great French Writer introduced
Him to the World Of Fietion-1hs
Genius Of Poo and Gaboriau and
Conan DoyIe's Sherlock Holmes.

Genius Of Poo and Gaboriau and
Conan DoyIe's Sherlock Holmes.
Most persons who read detective
stories, and most literary critics, too,
believe that this very popular form of
fiction was invented by Edgar Allan
Poe. They point to his story of 1.-THE
PurlOined Letter. as being the first of
its kind-the first in which Is intro
duced the man of keen mind, of close
reasoning and Of constructive 1magi-
nation, who is able to piece together
certain facts that are known and then
by brilliant deduction to pass from
them to other facts which are not
known, but the truth Of which he Is
able to establish beyond doubt.
Poe himself had mind precisely Of
this characteristic mind Of mathe-
matician, subtle, logical and capable
Of searching analysis. He once gave
remarkable illustration of what he
could do as an Investigator Of mystic
rious crime. A young shopgtrl named
Mary Rogers was found murdered
under circumstances which excited
great public interest In New York.
The police were completely baf1ed,
though they advanced theory which
was plausible in part. Poe, taking the
facts that were admitted, wove them
into story, the scene of which he laid
in Paris and which he called 1.-THE
Mystery of Marie Roget" Then from
what was known he passed by deduc-
tive reasoning to what was quite un-
known and worked out solution to
the puzzle which no professional de-
tective had been able to explain.
Years afterward the confession of
dying man afforded proof that Poe
was right and that he had reconstruct
ed accurately the whole series Of
events which led to the death Of Mary
Rogers.
This remarkable achievement fixed in
the public mind the notion that this use
of logic blended with Imagination was
original with Poe. As matter of fact,
it Is almost certain that Poe, who was
deeply versed in French literature, got
the suggestion Of the method from
reading certain passages in the orr
entail tale called 'Zadig," by Voltaire.
In this book young man is questioned
as to whether he had seen stray dog
and horse that might have passed him
on his journey. In reply he describes
very accurately the peculiarities of
both, though he had not seen them.
He had deduced his knowledge from
observing certain Indications along
the way-the nature of the footprints
and many other signs which the ordi-
nary person would either not have no.
ticed or would have been too dull to
understand. Here is really the germ
of the conception which Poe so bril-
liantly elaborated in the story Of 1.-THE
Purloined Letter." where we find ex-
hibited the striking contrast between
the working of a usual mind and the
achievements of mind of exceptional
power and training.
Poe's central figure, the amateur de-
tective was afterward caught up and
elaborated with great effect by several
French writer's, Of whom the chief was
Emile Gaboriau Gaboriau gave the
world the character Of NJ. Lecoq in the
remarkable novel of that name. Lecoq
is a professional detective, but APP
pears in that book as novice, inexpe-
rienced, but full of intelligence and en-
thusiasm and obliged to work out his
clews against the secret opposition Of
his official chief, Gevrot, who is jeal-
GUS Of the young detective. In the
background is the interesting figure
of the real amateur detective, old Fa-
ther Tire-au-Clair C'Bring-to-light'),
retired tradesman who studies crime
from sheer love Of the intellectual puz-
zle which it affords him and which he
solves by purely scientific deduction.
Sir Conan Doyle in creating Sherlock
Holmes openly acknowledged his great
Indebtedness to Poe. Like Poe's hero,
Holmes works apart from the official
police and is consulted by them when
they are wholly at loss. Many Of
the incidents in the Holmes cycle Of
stories were suggested by the inven-
tons of Poe. Yet it Is only fair to say
that Doyle has gone one step further
than his master. Poe's characters are
distractions. They are like chesslnen
on the board and excite interest only
because of the completely Of the prob
lem which they are made to solve.
Doyle's characters, on the other hand,
are drawn with sympathy and
shrewd insight into human nature.
They entertain us by their whims and
Individual traits no less than by the
adventures through which they pass.
Thus Holmes addiction to the cocaine
habit, his trick of smoking great guam
titles of shay tobacco when thinking
out a problem, bis dislike of women,
his skill as boxer-in fact, a score Of
traits all give him individuality and
make us think of him as fascinating
character quite apart from his powers
as deductive reasoner. And it is so
with the minor personages as we'll
Watson, the somewhat obtuse chron-
icler Of the adventures; Lestrade anu