davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-11-18
To$2,844, ,789.86 $448,5O1.67 $2682, ,2O9. 16

AO'V-3eNfi oS'VN YNAOtpNA'N' PNjVoSjNV"sAo Decrease clear. week, 19O7...$ 2S7,419. 20 Balances week, 19O6., ....,.. 4S2, ,99S. "A Difference balances ........ 1O,502. 9S |Clearings week 1sO5....,.... 2,286, ,661. .51 Clearings week 19O4...,...... 2,O15, ,769 A Clearings week 1903 OS.......,.. 1,SO7, ,49S 92 Dividends soon due are: American Express, 3 per cent, pay able January 2; books close Novem- E Der 29.
 Adams Express, $4, Dec. ?; Nov. IS. Amalgamated Copper, 1, Nov, 25; #Oct. "A.
 American Cotton Oil pf, 3, Dec. 2; Nov 14.
 American Sugar pf, 1 8-4, Jan. 1; Nov. 27.
 American Sugar com, l S-4, Jan. 1; Nov 27.
 American Telegraph and Cable, l -4, Dec. ?; Nov IS.
 American Thread pf, ? 1-2, Jan. 1; E Jov. 20
 AmeEican Tobacco com, 5, Dec. q Jov IS.
 American Locomotive, 1 IA, Nov 6; Nov g.
 Chesapeake and Ohio, l. Dec. F Jov 21.
 Consolidated Gas, N. Y, Dec. 16 rov. 27.
 Cleveland. and Pittsburg R, R., -4, Dec. 2; Nov. g.
 Columbus Ky. com, 1 1-4, Dec. 2 ov. 15. ! Delaware and Hudson, 2 IA, De bnber 16; November 25.
 Massachusetts Gas pf, $2, Dec. ? ov 12.
 Norfolk and Western com, 2 1-2 ec. IS; Nov. 30.
 North Pennsylvania R. R., 2, Nov National Biscuit pf, 8-4, Nov. 30 ov 16.
 National Biscuit con-, IA, Jan
 Dec. 2S.
 pv A.
 Peoples Gas, L. and Coke, 1-2 pv. 25; Nov. g.
 Pressed Steel Car, pf, 1 8-4, Nov z
 Quaker Oats pf, 1-2, Nov. 30
 Standard Oil. s1O. Nov. 26; Nov. 21
 Sloss-sheffield, IA, Dec. ?; Nov s U. s. Express. $8, Nov. 15; Oct. 8
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
THE MoHONK CONFERENCE.
Philippine Islands and Hawaii Con.
sidered on Thursday.

Lake Mohonk, n. Y, Oct. 24.-The
Philippine islands and Hawaii were the
themes considered at the AIohonk con-
ference today. The speakers We're Paul
Charlton, law officer Of the bureau of
Indian affairs; Thomas LAWYER OF Bos-
ton: William Sutherland. in charge Of
the Philippine students in this country:
DR.. Arthur j. Brown and DR.. c. c. C..
Regain, who represented the Presby-
terrain and American foreign mission
board respectively.
Hawaii was the subject of the even
ing session Two of the speakers Dr.
\. 3. Emerson and Dr. Titus N. Ccan
are sons of missionaries born in the
Honolulu. Both responded to the call
to arms in 1861 returning to the home
land ard serving in the Union army
DR.. Coan read a paper prepared b.
Judge Hatch of Honolulu.
A. Lewis of Honolulu discussed the
proposed American ship subsidy Cong
ressman Geo. l.. Lilley Of Waterbury,
Conn, gave his Impressions of tn"
Hawaiian. Congressman B@tes of
Meadeville. Pc. aIsasSpokc.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
TROOPS ORDERED TO THE Scene.
Character OF Outbreak Not Known, But
Soldiers at Forts Meade, Robinson
: and Desmoines Ready to Move.

Washington, Oct. o4.-The tribe of
Ute Indians which more than a year
ago wandered away from their reser-
walton in Utah and created trouble IN
Colorado and Wyoming by threatening
to- take the war path and raid ranches.
IS reported to have again broken out on
the Cheyenne river reservation IN
South Dakota. where tho tribe was
given temporary quarters
. At the request of the secretary Of
the interior, the war department today
ordered troops from Fort Meade, S. D.,
to the scene of the trouble.
THE character of the outbreak is not
known here.
Colonel Downs, q special agent "
the Indian office, is at the Cheyenne
river reserve ton and a telegram was
received from him saying that the Utes
had become unruly and troops are
needed.
Z Fort Meade is about 100 miles from
the reservation and it will be neces-
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
Rockland Lodge of Elks
Dedicates Fine New Home.

Monday evening at which visiting Elks
will be present from various parts of
the State. Exalted Ruler Joseph Harri-
gan of Lewiston Lodge has engaged the
Lewiston Brigade Band to accompany
the delegation from Lewiston and Bath.
The new home of the lodge was for
merry the residence Of DR.. Addison w.
Smith. who removed several months
ago to Reno, New, and has been en-
tirely rebuilt and remodeled at a cost
of several thousand dollars. Although
but little over Il year old. Rockland
Lodge of Elks has 4 large member
ship and is one of the most ,enterprisng
in the state.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
Conditions and General Forecast.

Washington, Oct 24.-The south
western rain area has spread north
ward and eastward and now includes
Colorado. Wyoming. western Ohlaho-
ma. western Texas. New Mexico, -lri-
iona. tain and southern California. In
the remaining portions Of the country
fair weather continues The tcmDer:.-
ture changes west of the Rocky Noun
tains have been quite irregular. warm
er in some districts ana cooler in
others. Temperatures will rise in At
lantic coast districts. The winds
along the New England coast and mid
ole Atlantic coast will be fresh west to
southwest: south Atlantic coast. fresh
east to southeast.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
celebrates sEMl.cEnTENNIAL.
First Congregational Church, Mon
mouth, to Observe the Occasion.

Monmouth, Me. Oct. 24.-(SpeciaD.-
The semi-centennial anniversary Of the
First Congregational church, Of Mon
mouth. and Naturalization of the Lean
der NJ. Macomber memorial tower and
the George II. Andrews and Sarah s;ar-
ford Andrews memorial clock will &C.
cur Sunday, Oct. q.
A program of much interest has been
arranged and the following visitors
are expected. Rev. C11arie.' Harbutt OF
Portla.ssd;; Hon. Charles l.. Andrews,
Augusta: Judge, a. NJ. Spear. Gardi-
ner Rev. David. A. Evans. Augusta;
Rev. G. Al. Wight Ihllowel: Ecv. G.
Edwin Woodman. Monmouth.
The church building has been COM
srletelys transformed in its external and
internal Arrangement
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
SUICIDE FEARED.
Dancl A. Bosworth Disappears from
Home at Garland.

Bangor, Me. oct 24.-Daniel A. Ros-
worth. aged 6S. who has long resided
with William Noble in Garland village.
disappeared early this morning and it
is believed that he has committed
suicide by drowning in Il nearby pond
He has been an invalid for years and
attempted suicide 10 years ago. When
search was mad" for him this morning
a moose was found hanging from a
beam in the barn. indicating that Bos-
worth at first intended suicide by
hanging. He was a veteran of the
Civil War ana had no relatives.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
IN NO DANGER.
Union Trust Co., Providence, Paying
All Who Want Their Cash,

Providence. r. l., Oct. 24.-For three
hours today a steady stream of depositors
passed before the window of the paying
tell of the Union Trust Co. Of America
and withdrew the amounts they had de-
posted with the institution. The demand
of the depostors for the return Of their
money began at noon time and when the
bank closed it's doors for business at the
usual hour. 8 o'clock, there were between
100 and 80 depositors waiting in line to
withdraw their savings.
While no statement of the amount with
drawn from the institution was available
at the close today, it was generally un-
derstood that the deposits withdrawn
We're principally small accounts, ranging
from 800 to $1,000. although the bank OFF,
Gals said there We're few Withdrawals
that reached the last mentioned figure
The officials of the Trust Company
seemed to manifest no uneasiness ut the
situation, and when the bank was closed
for business at s o'clock this afternoon
Vice Pres. and Sec. Michael F. Dooley
addressed the waiting line of tiepositors.
telling them that the closing hour had
come. but that if they would return to-
morrow morning at o'clock their de-
mands would be satisfied.
An official estimate Of the number OF
persons withdrawing their deposits today
placed the figure at about 700.
The hank officials claimed that the In
stitution was in no danger and that it
would be fully able to meet all claims
against it.
1t Is generally understood that the I'M
usually large Withdrawals from the Union
Trust Co. of America were a reflection of
the financial situation in New York.
The Union Trust Co. of Ameri-
ca is enc of the oldest compa-
MES in the city and has always
transacted a large volume of business
and has been known we'll and favorably
throughout New England banking circles.
In addition to IFS regular banking BUSH
ness 1t has conducted savings depart-
ment. paying 4 per cent interest on de-
posts.
In the crowd of persons withdrawing
their deposits today nearly every nation
atty was represented, Chinese. Armenians
and Italians rubbing shoulders with Eng
lsh. French and Americans The long
line of waiting depositors extended
around the corner Of the bank building
and small squad of police were called
upon to handle the crowd. There was
absolutely TO disorder, but the presence
Continued on Page Twelve)
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
OUR TEACHERS
Capture the Queen City
Without Opposition.
Over 1000 Attending The An
nuaI State Convention.
ADDRESSES by State Supt. Smith
and Mrs. Alice Cooley.

Bangor, Ne, Oct. 24.-Teachers from
nearly every section Of the State came
here today for the annual meeting of
the Maine Teachers Association, which
opened this afternoon. The annual
meeting of the Maine Association OF
4 categes and preparatory schools will:
IsDosh tomorrow morning. Interesting
Programs have been arranged for tire
meetings.
1.-The afternoon session of the con-
kIshtion was occupied with addresses
EH Paysen Smith of Auburn. State SUI
knrintendent of schools, who spoke on
Practical Education" and Mrs. Alice
IN Cooley OF Grand Forks. N. D., whose
k1Sbject was The Use of Literature as
kfE1fnans Of Teaching Reading and
1e6ages." Both were heard with
e attention by .asIarge audience in
Ueaky hail. -
Milton P. Dutton, formerly Of An
kusta, now Of Putnam, Conn.,, presi-
dtnt Of the association. was in the
Chair and the meeting was opened with
sssic by the High school orchestra.
re attendance exceeds 1000 and the
jegAest interest is manifested in all
6esproceedings..
! ian audience Of 1900 persons attended
De night session Of the teachers con-
ention in City hall. President Dut-
Dn Of the Maine Teachers Association
rs in the chair Music was furnished
the Temple Quartet.
Fire session was devoted to an adj
hss by DR.. Albion W. Small Of the
hiyersity Of Chicago. who spoke on
the Social Century" 1t was a
egthy, thoughtful. an.ytical discourse
IN the hopeful conclusion that. the
4sent century IS to witness the de-
epn1eIlt of a general spirit of social
tStefnity and helpfulness.a
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
Austrian Emperor
Now COnvalescent.

Vienna, Oct. 24.-The ply sicians in at
tendance on Emperor Francis Joseph this
morning announced for the first time
since His Majesty has been confined to
Schoenbrunn Palace that the GONZALES.
cent state of his illness has begun. His
sleep last night was absolutely undisturb-
ed ny coughing and his catarrhal symp-
toms are improving. Preparatio are
going on to permit the Emperor 10 take
a walk in the gardens. in the event of
his improvement continuing and the
weather being favorable.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
RESENT DETENTION.
Mob Of 400 Cinnamon Try to Rescue
Countryn'en From Ship.

san Antonio. Tex. Oct. PA dis
patch from Santa Cruz, Mexico. says:
Because POO of their countrymen were
detained on board by the sanitary in
spection department of this port. 400
Chinese who had just been landed mad,
murderouS assault last night on III,
English ship WoolWich and her crow.
Manv men were seriously in llred ir
the ARRAY and five may die. TIL
Chinese would have swept all before
them but for the timely aid brought
by q large force Of Federal troops and
CcndarneS.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
ksRs,pIcY pEIgTIoN !
"sa'"st ssuthsfn stCs1 Co, ! $4,000,
COO fers brstien. 81

,l Birmingham. ~ ks oct d IA, inyc,-
" SD, ,a petition in bankruptcy was filed
,.a o,e iederal COURT this afternoon
bod NJ Inc Inc southe) rn Steel Co. capital
irs ' "a d. S''ooo.Ooo. The creditors seek
ninv ,t.a "'ln,kruptcN order are the Biz
NJ ''' ."ai and fron Co. the Sayre
S N,,'lns and Manufa t,uring Co. and the
c, '"a' GO. TYe Southern Steel
ses, 49,, o's steel Splant at Gaddsen,
b. o.a, wire ana mail mills at Bins
Civ Na an, MINES at Altoona and Virginia
Bjrr,;n n',a ore mills throughout the
ovsna nan, district as we'll as coke
lcr -, , III "1her PROPERTIES. Moses Tay-
so,,, New York is president and +. 4.
asas a'er OF birmingham general man.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25

Rockland, Me-, Oct. 24.-(SpeciaD.-
Rockland Lodge, r. P. 0. Elks, this
afternoon and evening dedicated its
new home at the corner of Main and
Granite streets. The dedicatory exer-
clSes' proper. which were conducted by
Exalted Ruler w. w. Case and the Off
GERS of the local lodge, took place from
to in the afternoon and were pri-
vate for the members of the lodge.
From to the building was inspected
by the public. In the evening Ladies
night vas observed with dancing and
music.
The house warming will take place
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25

Omaha, Oct PA rCQucS. was re-
ceived ut army headquarters here from
the Indian agent at the Cheyenne res
ervation for troops from Fort Meade
to subdue the Ute Indians that We're
transferred to that reservation last
year from Utah. No particulars as 10
the outbreak We're given.
The regiment stationed at Fort
Meade was recently sent to the Philip
pines, SO there is not 4 sufficient force
to send against the Indians
Orders, however We're given for all
troops now at Fort Meade ami those at
Fort Robinson and the troops al Fort
DemOineS 10 be in readiness to move
Oh short notice.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
Evans To Live
at Barnstable.

Barnstahle. Mass, Oct 24.-I'ron his re-
tirement from the navy under the age
limit II months hence. Rear Admiral Rob
ley ID. Evans will make his home in this
town according to statement made by
member of his family. During the ma
neuvcrS of the Atlantic squadron in Cape
Cod bay Admiral Evans spent a great
deal of his spare time in Barnstable and
WAS pleased with the place that no
decided to live here upon his retirement.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
! 81 BOW OolNscoLLEGE.
MsdicaEs Department Opens-tnstruc.
ton to Begin Monday.

Brunswick, Me- Oct 24.-(SpeciaD.
The Medical department of Bowdoin
College opened today and the Medics
are now in prominence The sys-
tematic courses of instruction, how.
ever. do not begin until Monday.
The entering class will probably have
nout the same number as the class Of
Nv last year, which had 81 students.
Complete registration cannot be
Petained until next week. The exam
natlons for admission to the school
ere held this morning.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
~ GEORGE A. CHACE.
Treasurer Of Bourne Mills at Tiverton,
r. L.. Passes Away.

Fall River. Mass. Oct. 244.-George
A. Chace since 1881 treasurer of the
Bourne Mills in Tiverton, r. l.. locat-
ed just across the state line from this
city, died suddenly of heart failure at
a sanitarium in Attleboro yesterday
afternoon The Bourne Mills are we'll
known throughout New England be-
cause of semi-annual system Of
profit sharing with the operatives.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
LIVELY FIGHT
Follows Robbery at North
Haven, Conn.,, Postoffice.
-Four Burglars Make Success
tuI Raid and Escape.
Shots Exchanged With Man Living
Over the Office.

New Haven, oct 24.-Four burglars
the post office at North Haven
early today and after blowing open
three safes, got away with several
hundred dollars in money and stamps.
Ten shots We're exchanged between the
burglars and A. b. Clinton, who lives
over The post office. as the men We're
leaving the place, but no one was hit.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25

sary for the cavalry to make cross
country hike" as there is no railroad
between the two places.
There are about geo of the Utes that
may be involved. including many
young Indians. among whom the great
est discomfort has been manifested.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
DR.: ii. B. Palmer, Pennington,
Accidentally P0is0ns Himself.

Pennington, Me, Oct. 2i-Dr. Fl. b.
Palmer, physician and surgeon we'll
known in this State. died suddenly to-
day. He was born at Wilton 40 years
ago and leaves a widow.
Five physicians who We're called con-
Guided that DR.. Palmer through mis-
take took a dose of poison while suf-
fering with pinl; eye
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25

that there can be practically any cause
for anxiety"
1t was learned tonight that, although
there had been a steady demand for
treasury funds during the day the
$24,000.000 proffered by the secretary
had by no means been disposed when
the examination Of collateral at the
sub-treasury was concluded for the
dav
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25

He had been ailing for several days
and 1t is believed that he took five
grains of pyoscine hydrobromate, be-
lieving it to be aconite which he had
been using.
Mrs. Palmer discovered his condition
and heard him say "emetic." but no
other word was uttered by him. The
physicians labored for nine hours to
have his life
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25

The developments of the evening.
during which. as was the case last
night there We're several conferences.
including the issuance by State Comp
trolier, Martin H. Glynn, Of a state
ment on tie local financial situation
and the announcement of plans for the
Rehabilitation of the suspended knick-
or2ock@r The tentative plans for he
knicke:bockcr as outlined by one of
the officials following a meeting Of the
board OF directors late today provides
for the formation, among the directors
Of pool of some $4,000, 900 to guar
antec The redemption within two Years
Of interest bearing certificates. whi-n
Will be offered in settlement Of a.
counts against the company, which
cannot be llQudated at the present
time
AS preliminary step, it was said,
that receiver for the company would
be appointed within 4 couple of DAYS
with the approval of the directors
When the success Of the certificate is
sue is assured, the board will ask that
the receivership be terminated with a
view to resumption Of business.
President A. Foster Higgins has Of
fcred to put $5,G00.00 in the pool. If
was given out that after investigating
that the securities left for the Ice loans
for former President Barney had been
found sufficient for the amounts in
VOWED. This evening Secretary Cor
tClyOu said.
THE situation seems to be steadily
improving. 1t does not seem to me
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
Boston Forecast.

Boston, Oct. 24.-Forecast for Bos-
ton and vicinity: Fair and slightly
warmer Friday; Saturday fair and
cooler, southerly to westerly winds.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
Ur. Gillette
Found Guilty,

,ase " ro'h. Oct. 24.-The jury in the
|prrs;dauo VI, Walter Gillette. former vice
O. "'s OF the Mutual Life Insurance
arb, "no was charged with perjury. to-
.srdio. '.urhed verdict of guilty. TIE
omn.. was accompanied with q rec
sas al'n for mercy. DR.. Gillette
tence. eo until Monday for SEN
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25
FALKLAND WARMER.

Washington, Oct. 24.-Forecast for
New England: Fair Friday and Satur-
day; warmer in northwest portion Fri
day; fresh west winds
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-25

distributed in such lots as would be
most effective in rendering support.
The effect Of this relief measure VS.
inStantancously and tho rate on call
money dropped from 100 per cent. 10
10 per cent. Stocks advanced more
rapid than they had declined and il
was only a few minutes until Union
Pacific. the market loader. was selling
at l03. Other stocks We're similarly
affected and the rally was complete
Seldom, if ever. had the veterans uf
finance seen a great situation saved so
quickly and so effectively by such
Napoleonic stroke. When the Stock
Exchange closed every one was get
ting all the money he wanted. The
close was marked by a memorable
scene in which the brokers gathered
around the principal trading posts and
gave three cheers for J. p. Morgan and
the members of the pool which saved
the day
Tho aggregate amount of money
which had been contributed in order to
weather the storm and restore conf
denco assumes truly colossal rropor-
tons. Roughly estimated it includes
$23.G0".hho which Secy. CortelyOu de-
posted in the New Yorw banks: $25,-
"oo,oa0 which the Morgan pool brought
to the floor of the Stock Exchange;
$lo,000.00G which John d. Rockefeller
deposited with the Union Trust Co, as
Il means Of stemming the tide at the
Trust Company of America and finally
another $50G00.0o0 which it is under
stood Mr.. Rockeferller stood ready to
advance to meet any further stress of
condition. in all considerably in excess
Of 500. 000, 0O0
The Washburn leader., 1907-06-28
Plant Food Not stimuIants.

Many farmers regard the plant food
in stable manure as the only kind OF
real plant food they can use, while
they regard commercial fertilizers as
stimulants instead OF plant food. This
conception is wrong. Commercial fer
tilizers contain real plant food, and
their nitrogen. phospEoric acid and pot
ash do the same work in plant nutri-
ton that is done by the same constit-
uents in stable manure. This wrong
idea has probably come from the mis-
use of commercial fertilizers, when
proper tillage, soil, humus and other
essentials We're neglected.
The use of commercial fertilizers will
not Internationally insure an increase
Of crop. AS previously pointed out.
physical conditions of soil, tillage, eli
matte conditions-all must be taken
into consideration.
The application of commercial fer
tilizers cannot take the place of thor
ough tillage of crops.-Dr. Van Slyke
in American Agriculturist.
The Washburn leader., 1907-06-28
FIG. II-WHEEL HOE

crop Of celery is in a good growing
condition the roots will be near the
surface. During dry season the roots
will go deep into the soil in order to
secure moisture. This can be prevent
ed by keeping the surface Of the soil
we'll stirred to a depth of not more
than two inches, forming sort of dust
mulch, beneath which the moisture will
be drawn upward by capillary attrac-
ton and prevented from passing into
the air by the presence Of the loose soil
ON top. Under these conditions the
roots will work near the moisture line,
and in addition to securing the requir-
ed water they will also receive more
air and will be at the point In the soil
where the natural preparation Of plant
food is taking place most rapidly. Con-
sequently large growth and a better
quality will be produced. The effects
Of a drought may in most cases be met
by frequent shallow CIVILIZATIONS, sup
plemented by the use of water, il avail
able.-W. HI. Beattie.
The Washburn leader., 1907-06-28

FIG. I-sMALL TOOTH HORSE CULT1vATOR.
ticed, as the roots are to be found very
near the surface of the soil. If mulch
is used no hand cultivation will be re-
quired either along the sides or be-
tween the plants in the row except to
pull any weeds that may spring up.
Where no mulch is used it will be
necessary lightly to stir the surface
with wheel hoe or iron rake to pre-
vent crust being formed after each
rain or watering. Keep the surface Of
the soil smooth and in no case allow
Jumps of earth to remain near tie
plants.
The horse cultivator shown in Fig. I
is desirable type for working between
the rows, while the wheel hoe illustrat-
ed in Fig. 2 is especially useful in cul-
tivating small area of celery or for
stirring the soil close to the plants. If