davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
$1.5O Shirt Waists, at 85c.

15 dozen of our regular S1. 50 waists reduced for Thursdays selling. They are made of fine white lawns, hand somely trimmed, plaited and tucked. On Sale Thursday at 85c.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
CEildren's Hose, 121kc.

Children's fine ribbed lisle hose; fashioned feet, spliced heels and toes. Mill Runs of 25c grade. At 123c.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
Pt. de Paris Laces, Sc a yard.

Pt. de Paris Laces and Inser- tions in l to 5 inch widths. The regular prices are 12ac and 15c. Sale Price, Sc a yard.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
Women's Union Suits, &1 O0 Made to sell at $2.0O. At v aeVV

Women's Union Suits of Silk and Lisle, some, are made with high neck and long sleeves and; knee length pants others high neck, short sleeves and knee length pants. Ali tastefully trimmed with crocheted silk. Regular $2 grade. AtS1.OO.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
Dutch Collars, 1OC each.

Many styles in those pretty Dutch Collars of white embroi- .dery. Regular 25c value. Sale Price, 10c each.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
98c Wash Skirts, at 79c.

Skirts of White Linenette, neatly plaited and finished with two straps of self material. Regular and extra sizo,bands, all lengths. All98c values. Sale Price, 79c.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
Vests, 4>for sec.

< Y .Women's straight ribbed ssRleEstts,, sleeveless, low neck,
 lace trinmed. Mill Runs
 25csgrade. At 4 for Soc.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
S2.98 Wash Skirts al $1.98.

Linen, Pique and Poplin Skirts in white, blue, russet, brown and black and black and white checks. Made in all around plaited effects with folds at bottom. Regularly $299. At $1.98.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
Bow Ties, Sc.

Women's Bow Ties in black, white and colors, also some very pretty washable styles. Regu- lar 15c value. Sale Price, 5c.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
Trimming faces. 49c yd.

Sectional Laces, Wide Bands, Festoon Effects and Applique Insertions in white, cream and ecru. Regular 69c and 89c val tues. At 49c yd.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
Long Cloth, 11c a Yard.

sExtra fine quality White < Long Cloth, S6 inches wide.
 Regular price, 17c a yard. sMiIl End Sale Price, He yd.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
Lisle Gloves. 29c.

Lisle Gloves in 12-but- ton length, white only. Regular 59c value. Sale Price; 29c.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
lisle.GIoyes, 49c.

16.hutton length Lisle Gloves in white and navy. Regular 76o, value. Sale Price, 49cpair.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25
s1.es House Wrappers, at 95c.

House Wrappers of Figured Lawns and Colored Percales. Some have low rolling collars trimmed with good quality lace others trimmed with Ham burg. All sizes. $1.98 value. At 95c.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-07-25

At 83c yd. GM slas4 f.sast Press ;,g y'ttsts sss;
 This is an extra heavy long wearing quality with a high lustrous finish in rich jet black. 96 inches wide and the equal of any Tatfeta sold regularly at S1.19. Sale Price, 89c yard.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
Love and BULLETS
wise oNsiN DOCTOR HAS CLOSE:
Call TO DEATH AT HANDS
Or IA WOMAN


Kenosha, Wis, March IL DR.. n. A.1
Graves. jr. Of a prominent Racine.
Wis. family. was shot III the dark In
the Office Of the A. y. Flegel Building
! company late last night. The assail-
ant IS not known, bat q strange love
ENHANCEMENT Is the clue the police are
working on. Graves saved himself
by throwing up his hands sand the
bullet which was from % calibre
revolver, passed directly through his
left hand and no vital spot was
reached ;s 81
Circumstantia1 evidence seems to,
indicate that the shot that wounded
Graves was fired BY woman who
was disguised ais d man Graves Isl
said to be willing to@tell all he knows
about the tragedy but Is inclined to-
! shield the identity Of the woman who
3 It II thought held the revolver.
Suspicion points to- q married
\ woman who resides in Racine. Graves
refuses to divulge the suspects name
and declares II II turns out. that 1T
was she who fired the shot, he would
moi prosecute. s5i5
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
KEEP MUM
PRESIDENT MELLEN HAS HALF
HOUR SESSION WITH THE
PRESIDENT, BUT
DECLINES TO GIVE OUT WHETH.
Err OR NOT HE SAVED THE
COUNTRY

Washington, D. c., March 19.The
interview between President Roose;
welt and Ghas. s. Mellen, president of
the New York. New Haven & Hart
ford railroad, recently arranged for
the purpose of discussing the railroad
took place at the White
House today. It lasted not more than
thirty-fiye minutes. $5
II No statement of the particular ques-
lions discussed was made at the White
House today. When asked, Mr.. Mel
len declined to talk. To all questions
bearing on the conference he referred
his inquirers to Secretary Loeb, add
ing that anything he might say might
be construed as having a bearing on
the present situation. N +
Mr.. Mellen was asked whether he
would again visit the White House
for conference with the president but
he replied that he did not expect to
unless he was sent for. Almost in
the same breath. however, he said
that he hopes he might come even
If not sent for, as he is in the habit
Of making frequent trips to the
capital
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
JEW BATTING TEST
|AUsTRlANs SEEM TO BE TRYING
RUSSIAN BAR1ARITY TO
HEBREWS

Vienna, March ccOrding to 81
telegram received from Czernowits,
an AUSTRIAN town close to the bound
airy. OF Moldavia, Rouman man aapicess
have been received there from the
Austrian frontier police stationed at
Itzkani and suczawa that the anti:
Jewish outbreak In Rounania is as
Stunning serious proportions. Peasants
have attacked and plundered the:
Jews at Burduzheni. who are fleeing
over the frontier to Itzkani About
two thousand fugitiyes, mostly women
and children, already have crossed the
frontier. Other reports declare that
further serious disturbances have oc-
Cured at Botosahni. where the peas
ants have set fire to the houses OF
Jews, and as a result almost the en-
tire town is In flames. The Hebrew
alliance Of Vienna is preparing to take
care OF the Ronmanian fugitives.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
TRUCKEE FLOOD
RANcHERs ALONG RIVER BOT
TOMS DRIVEN FROM HOME
WORST FLOOD EVER

r.
Reno, New, March 10 The Truckee
river has dropped three feet since
Yesterday and II is thought the worst
OF the food has passed. All overland
trains are still tied up, here and att
Sparks, the division point, three miles
east. However, it will be "a hours be-
fore trains are running. ISL
The damage done in this city Prob
ably will reach no more than $50 600
The loss to farmers ID the valleys win
be heavy. Every ranch has been
abandoned and the farmers are being
sheltered in Reno and Sparks. on The
south side Of the river. where the
greater part Of Reno lies, the people
have been without electric power. gas
and water since the aood came. me
Hood is the worst known III Nevada
for the past 81 years.
Butte Cars Tied Up is ii. ~.
Butte Mont, March 1s, THE Butte
street railway system today suspended
operations In consequence az 4 walI-
gut of track and repair men No ears
are runnlng.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
THAN CASE
EVELYN THAW Will HAVE ONE
MORE TRY AND THEN CASE
GOES TO LAWYERS

New York, March IS. BY proceed
ing with his cross examination Of one.
OF the seven alienists introduced by
the defense to testify that Harry K.
& ThaW was insane when he shot and
killed Stanford White, District Attpr-
ney Jerome made 1t Impossible for
the defense to finally close It's case
today When adjournment until to-
nnorrow was taken and at the time
there was pending only the admission:
of letter written by Thaw to j. Dem
nison Lyon, q Pittsburg banker, who
Mr.. DeImas said would help to fix
Thaw's state Of mind before the roof
garden tragedy and 1t is likely that
Evelyn Thaw will be called tomorrow
briefly to combat the testimony Of
Abraham Hummel.
District Attorney Jerome limited
this afternoon that q competent Wit
ness for the prosecution might reach
the city tonight. The chances, how
ever. are that a half days session 60.
morrow will be sufficient to conclude
all the testimony that Is to be offered
by either side An adjournment will
then be taken until Thursday morn
ing. when Mr.. Delmas will begin his
summing up speech. He will have all
Of Thursday to himself and Mr..
jerome viii reply on Friday. Justice
Fitzgerald may charge the jury that
evening or he may for the first time
hold court until Saturday In order to
conclude the case before next week.
With the exception Of the last few
minutes of the afternoon the session
Of the entire day was given over to
expert testimony. gs..
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
AN INHUMAN fIEND

ESi
Cartersville. q, March 19. Mrs.
Jas. Tolbert wife Of former Mayor,
Tolbert of Fairmont. was brutally as
saulted and hertWo months old baby
was murdered by q negro at their
home last last evening. The negro
demanded money or her life. She
escaped to her husband 8 store. When
she returned with . party the baby
was found with its head nearly
several. Ssi
a posse ediately began pur-
suit. a negro said to be the assailant
was located near Cartersyille late to-
day and his capture is believed GER
tain within q short time.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
4 VERT ABB Ass
tiJNsA RfAN f,REFEcT DECLARES
HE WOULD RATtER b FIRED
THAN PROTEST JEWS


Vienna, March kilograms re-
5ceiyed here from Bucharest declare
that Prime Minister George Cantacu-
zene, demanded Of the project of
Vasescu. IN the Botosahni district,
why he did not maintain order in.
Vasescu. The project replied, accord
ing to these reports, that no Rouman-
ians were IN danger, while as for the
Jews he would not give one Christian
soul for q million Jews When the
project was Informed BY the premier
that he was unfit for his post he
answered that he would not resign,
but that he was ready to be dis
missed.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
KILLED HIS MOTHER
AGED ACTRESS DIES OF HEART
DISEASE ON HEARING OF
i SONS CRIME NJ.

New York, March 10. - Mrs.
Margaret Harold Dayidge. for many
years known in theatrical circles as
Maggie Harold died suddenly today
of heart disease in her home in
Brooklyn. Her son, William 7. J,
Davidge, was arrested Saturday night
charged with having shot Rosalie p.
Wilbert trained nurse. and the
shock Of the young mans trouble is
said to have aggregated disease OF
the heart from which the mother hail
suffered for several years
Mrs. Dayidge was the widow OF Will
liam Davidge. an old time Shake.
sPsariap actor and member Of the old
DAILY theatre stock company.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
4 GOOD idea

Washington, d. CT. March 10.
President Roosevelt has received from
Gov. johnson Of Minnesota. a letter
recently sent by him bearing on the
subject OF q national conference with
d view to reaching a common under
standing as to the powers to 30 ex-s
'erted BY states In the event Of any
extension Of federal authority In rail-
read regulation. The president has
discussed the question with some Of
his callers and expects promptly to-
reply to Gov. Johnson's suggestions.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
NO BOOM FOR TAFT
TEMPEST IN A TEAPOT RESULTS
FROM CALL OF SECRETARY
TAFT ..s5 $54
At WHITE HOUSE WHILE Cow
DENEEN WAS THERE-No
POLITICS TALKED

4 Washington, d. G., March 19.ssG Gov.
Deneen and Attorney General Stead
did not. come to see me on any
political matters at all z The above
are substantially the words the presi-
dent used in his talk with Senator
Hansbrough of North Dakota. today
when the latter asked him about the
report that Saturdays conference at
the White House with the nlionis
officials. during which Secretary Taft
and his brother called. was for the.
purpose Of launching a boom for.
Secretary Taft for the presidency.
q Senator Hansbrough was in New
York at the time the story was pub
Hshed. He told the president, when
he saw him today, that as a friend Of
the administration he thought he had
a right to know If the reported publ
cation was correct.
Il You have right to know and z
will tell you exactly what happened, !,
the president replied, according to-
Senator Hansbrough. tsThe governor
and the attorney general did not come
on any political matters at ALL con
tinued the president we did not
talk politics at all During the inter-
view with the Illinois officials, Secre
tary Taft with his brother happened
to come over to the White House.
There was no politics in their visit
No politics we're talked afterwards.
It was not a political gathering in any
sense whatever" n e
Secretary Taft tonight issued the
following statement: Il had an an
pointment with the president at $3.50
o'clock Saturday afternoon and went
to the White House to keep it. I
found Gov Deneen and Attorney Cen
eral Stead with the president and /
was introduced. They LETT immedi-
ately. There was no political con-
versation of any kind. .
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
fine SORT OF WARFARE IS PLANNED BY NICARAGUA
I'd on Captured NGarauan Soldier Wherein was Set Fourth the Soldiers Will be Al
Not 70 Mention Horrible ndignhies to Women
Sinister Proclamation Found
lowed to Loot

Puerto Cortez, Honduras. March IA.
via New Orleans. March -. A mes
sage Of sinister and widespread
Significance was given to the Central
American war today by finding on the
person Of q captured Nicaraguan sol
der proclamations promising them
the loot. Of the first cities which they
can capture In both Honduras and
Salvador. This PROCLAMATION at once
amounted to d practical declaration
Of war by Nicaragua against Salvador
e showed that the Nicaraguan com
mon soldiers are at least being sent to
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
TO FEED The CHINKs
ARMY TRANSPORT WILL CARRY
LOAD or FOOD FOR CHINESE
FAMINE SUFFERERS

Washington. D G.. March Is. The
United States army transport Buford
will take a load Of provisions at once
to- China for the relief OF the famine
sufferers. The transport will stop at
Honolulu on Its way to Shanghai and
probably will carry a party Of con-
'gressmen who are to visit Honolulu
as guests OF the citizens Of the
Hawaiian Islands
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
DANGER is PASSED.

Danger IL Passed 10 pit
Cincinnati, Ohio, March 1s.The
Ohio river had began to recede at i
o'clock this afternoon and at o'clock
tonight Registered 81 feet and nine
tenths, q fall Of two,tenths in eve
hours. It is now believed the flood
here Is practically over and that
nothing but violent local storms sud-
denly swelling the Ohio and Its tribu,
taries win materially change the
situation.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
GOOD FOR BENNETT
NORTH DAKOTA bow SECURES.
NICE PLACE I'm LAND DE

Washington, March Fred Den
nett Of North Dakota. former clerk Of
the senats public land committee and
SECRETARY to Senator Hansbrough,.
has been selected to All the ONCE Of
assistant commissioned Of the general
land office, vice 3. r. Pollock, who will
soon retire. Mr. bennett Is at present,
special agent In the land service. Mr.
bennett was 9 member OF one Of the.
early state legislatures IN North Da-5
kota VII II
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20

view of this proclamation, are pre-
pared to defend themselves il neces-
sary. Some Of them complain because
the United States has not sent naval
protection here.
Although measures for self defense
have been taken by many Americans,
1t is not true, as has been reported,
that they have been impressed into
the service Of Honduras or that they
are taking part In any numbers in
the hostiliies. They and other
foreigners are keeping aloof from
trouble. II s5
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
ALL SWOLLEN UP

Pittsburg, March 19 The Monon-
gahela, ALLEGHENY Ohio and Kiskim-
inetas rivers are rising rapidly tonight
on account of heavy rains Creeks
and other small streams in this
vicinity are already swollen beyond
their banks. foundations Of the low
lands of Allegheny county county is
threatened. s.sAsss
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
HARTMAN gets STRIk ULTINATUM

Cleveland, Ohio, March 10 a meet
ing Of the executive board Of the Inter.
national Boilermakers and Iron Ship
Builders was held at Lorain, Ohio,
this afternoon and after the meeting
q report received currency that the
committee had issued an ultimatum to
Hartman and associates Of the Harri-
man lines. President Dunn was
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
THE COLLINS

possession months ago. It reaches to.
every department Of the city govern
ment and includes the trolley deal
and the transactions between the
supervisors and two telephone COM
panies What said In the beginning
i can repeat now, and that is that the
prosecution will get every man who
has been accused. !"
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
DIG UP OR BLOW Up

Erie, Pa, March 19.The officials
5ofthe Hammerniel Paper company Of
this city, have received q letter from
the alleged Black Hand society de-
manding $1,000 OF the alternative Of
having their plant blown up by dyna-
mite. N.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
Associated Press to Bismarck Tribune

Associated Press to Bismarck Tribune
San francisco, March 10. Secret
Service Agent Burns has made the
following statement regarding the
prosecution Of city officials and others
accused Of corruption: The evi-.
dence we now have in legal form is
the same evidence that was in our
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
DIVIDE The RANGE

" Larimore, Wyo., March 10. AT a
meeting Of cattlemen and sheepmen
here today, q compromise was effected
as to grazing on the Medicine Bow
forest reserve. a dividing line was
marked out which both sides agree to
observe. There had been danger Of
IA clash.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
q Lookinsf out

The denizens Of the eastern part Of
the state are watching the passing of
the blind pigs on the slope. It is time
some of those valley towns did stunt
themselves. --s 81 5= 5sss
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
ROASTING in OKLAHOMA
Guthrie, Okla, March IS: All the
heat records Of Oklahoma were broken
when the thermometer this afternoon
registered 102 In the shade.
coon LOOT

Yekaterinoslay, Russia, March 19.
Ten armed men held up train On the
outskirts Of this town today and
secured $1,000 In cash with which
they made their escape.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
4 GOOD RUSSIAN

London, March IS "A dispatch re-
sceived here from Rome by the
Reuter- News agency says that Count
sLamsdorff, former Russian minister Of
foreign affairs. died at midnight at;
San Reno. aS5s*i
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
Badly Wrecked.

Fargo residence was badly
wrecked by an explosion but the light
company there claim that it was not
/ a poor quality Of gas that did it.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
RIFLE RANGE AT FARGO.

Company B and the A. g. cadets
viii establish a rifle range at Fargo.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1907-03-20
Condemned New Law. /

Threshing machine dealers Of the.
state, it is said. are condemning the
new mechanics lien law.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1907-02-27
BY Associated Press.

New York, Feb. 26.-Mrs. Evelyn
Nesbit Thaw's long ordeal On the wit
ness stand came to an end today, hav
ing covered nearly i've court days
The redirect and recross examinations
this afternoon we're of che briefest
kind and just prior TO Adjournment
it was announced that she was finally
excused.
Tomorrow District Attorney Jerome
will begin the cross examination OF
DR.. Britton Evans, alienist for the de
Tense, following with cross examina
ton of DR.. Charles G. Wagner, then
the Thaw family doctors will be called
in rapid order.
The trial seems to be entering its
final stages Jerome's effort TO draw
from Lawyer Abraham Hummel facts
relating to the affidavit Mrs. Thaw is
alleged to have made in Hummel S
Office, declaring that Thaw had beaten
her while abroad, in 1908, when she
had told him there was no ruth in the
story she told of her relations with
White, was blocked by defense. Jus
tice Fitzgerald held that under the
rules of evidence covering Mrs
Thaw's testimony the introduction OF
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1907-02-27
EVELYN NESBlT THAW'S
LONG ORDEAL is ENDED
Redirect and Recross Examinations Finished and the Fair
Witness Finally Excused - Defense Successful
in Holding Jerome Down to Rule.
BY Associated Press

collateral facts was not permissible,
The district attorney will not be al
lowed to controyert her testimony in
any way but may only test her credit
bility. Jerome admitted in open court
that he realized. even if he showed
that Stanford White was in Europe
the night Mrs Thaw declared she was
assaulted by him, he would not be al.
lowed to introduce such evidence
1t is reported that jerome has much
testimony to offer in rebuttal, but as
nearly all of it is of a collateral char
acter he will not be allowed to place
it before the jury.
On redirect examination Mrs. Thaw
said White had paid her brothers
school expenses and identified re,
ceipts and checks signed by her
mother showing that the latter drew
over three thousand dollars of White s
money during the year following May
1902.
Just before Thaw was taken back to
the Tombs he handed the reporters
this note: Mrs. Thaw and Lady
Ashburton, formerly Frances Bel
mont, were not friends. simply &C
quaintances, when both were playing
at the same theatre"
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1907-02-27
Little Ones Found Escape
From Burning School
Impossible.
TWO HUNDRED WERE
IN GREAT DANGER
AL Escaped But Children in
the Kindergarten De-
partment.
DRIVEN BACK BY SMOKE TEACH.
Err AND PUPILS OF MONTREAL
SCHOOL MET DEATH, THE FOR.
MER HERoIcALLY SACRIFICING
4 HER LIFE TO SAVE THOSE IN
HER CHARGE.
Rx AssncIated Press.

Montreal, Que, Feb. 26.-Miss Max
well, principal of the Hochelaga
school of the Protestant School Com
mission, and sixteen children persisted
in fire this afternoon.
The building, two story bricB
structure in the east end of the city
is attended by two hundred pupils
whose parents are mechanics. The
fire started from the furnace. Inc
teachers were notified and the work
of removing the children was at once
begun.
The kindergarten department was
located ON the second floor and it was
there that the loss of life occurred.
They reached the stairway, but seeing
dense smoke below, became panic
stricken and fed back to the rooms.
When the firement arrived ladder
was run up to the window and many
were rescued in this way.
Miss Maxwell remained above as
sisting in the rescue and when the
firemept asked her to come down she
refused and disappeared in seagch OF
nth children. When round she was
Styling on the floor with little child
beside her. She and the others had
been asphyxiated.