The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-03-10
National Photograph Company
rs Lakeside Ave-, Orange, NJ. J.

terials used are practically the same |
those of the first two grades, but
the articles made arc somewhat more
substantial and more difncult to con-
struct. Calendars, match-strlkes. holt
day cards, match boxes, wall-pockets,
picture frames trays, boxes and SINH
lar articles are made and decorated.
Original construction work - en-
couraged, and the special interests OF
the pupils at the unrerent seasons of
the year are taken into account. One
Of the most interesting features Of the
fourth year Is the making of ham
mocks, nets and netted bags Of differ
cnt sorts and sizes.
Drawing accompanies the construc-
| ton work throughout these grades.
| 1t consists of simple sketches of out
! door scenes, of familiar objects, such
as fruits, flowers, leaves, vegetables,
and animals. of illustrated story work,
imaginary scenes, and of little ele-
mentary design. Special attention Is
| paid to the drawing Of objects from ma
| ture as this helps the work in nature
study. The child who has observed a
natural object, be 1t a stone, bud, or
u horse, so carefully that he can draw
1T, Is very apt to have learned his les.
son In nature study, and learned 1t
l we'll. The same Is true of the illustra-
| tive work In connection with the other
1 studies.
/ One OF the greatest aims OF the
school Is to get the child to express
himself freely. and manual work Is one
of the very best forms of expression
!, to develop initiative in the child. 1t
Is natural form of expression, for who
has not noticed the inclination OF even
! very little children to draw pictures"
to build block houses and sand noun
tains Why should not the child be
| oil To dn In, ha sol IN n org
} he by nature likes to 40, and does
do, out of school, especially when these
things are right and good and in the
direct line of his own personal de-
yelopment? Is not the school estab-
lished for the child. and shall we not
Q consider his native instincts and In
!. terests? 1t seems so difficult for the
\ adult mind to see things from the
3 standpoint OF the little child We have
! been prone to arrange the subject
: matter of our school studies in way
y that is logical enough for mature
= adult mind but which Is too often
u meaningless to the mind Of the youn
: child. When we want the flower In
. our window to grow and bloom and
y give forth its fragrance, we do not pu
y 1t between two hard boards and pres
= 1t; neither do we cover 1t with dry
grass and smother 1t. On the con.
trary, we give 1t air and watar and
IS sunlight and freedom. Shall we be
u less considerate of tho tender nature
Of our little human flowers!
TO those who would lay emphasis
u upon the disciplinary side of educa
: ton 1t may be said that this manua
work trains the child, oven In thes
n lower grades, to habits of accuracy
neatness and cnrefulness An instanc
OF this, and also of the practical valu
Of this work. may be cited. In con
nection with the cardboard work tn
pupils are taught the use of sampl
''working drawings q knowledg
:! which, If many mechanics possessed
n they would bo able to greatly increas
At their earning capacity. Before tn
r. child can make his cardboard 1ox, c
D. similar article. ho Is of necessit
tn Obliged to make a drawing, as the art
ia cle is to be made according to &c
ar tain dimensions decided upon hefor
the work is begun. This drawing RI
CURES the use of tho rule and con
pass know of not better way
Impress upon pupil the real value al
meaning OF an "inch" for exampl
than to have hum mako something
a certain exact size and depend upe
',o his own nina and his own rule fl
correct results. lhe Knowledge of ell
ha mentary mechanical drawing galn'