davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17
HOW TO PLAY THE EITHER

the right hand strikes the strings, a plectrum
of silver or gold-called by courtesy ring
being worn on the thumb-nail.
The accompaniment strings, which are made
of catgut and of silk and wire, are played
with the first and second fingers of the right
hand, the third being reserved for the bass
notes.
This union of a sustained melody, with
staccato or harp-hke accompaniment, rem
ders the either one of the most perfect of
instruments 1t has remarkably sweet and
sympathetic tone. its distinctive traits being
richness and purity combined. The lover OF
music is astonished at the impressive effects,
and the light and shade which may be pro-
duced by the hand of mastery player.
Elegant In form, as well as beautiful in
tone, the modern either may be favorably
compared with any drawing-room instrument.
One of its advantages is exceeding portability.
There is another reason, however, why the
either should become popular in this coun-
try 1t may be commenced by those who
have not had the advantage of learning the
pianoforte as children, and who yet feel de-
sirous of playing some instrument.
The chief requisite being an accurate mu-
sical ear, without which tuning could not be
satisfactorily accomplished, leads me to think
that the either is especially adapted for the
blind who are usually endowed not only with
an exceedingly correct ear, but delicate and
sensitive touch and power of expression, which
would cause the instrument ut once to re-
spond.
One must not infer, however, that the
either is to be mastered with but little trou-
BILE. Beginners must expect to meet with and
to overcome difficulties which at the outset
will seem very hard indeed; and for the first
three months the would-be either player must
exercise much patient perseverance to enable
her to master the first principles of the in
strument.
But those who persevere will be richly re.
warded by finding that their Improvement in
creases more in proportion than it would if
they were to devote that same time toilet
me say the pianoforte Or the violin. In other
words, it is the fn sep in the either which
is the most difficult, and one year of patient
study of an hour a day ought to result in
playing calculated to give pleasure to oneself
and to those who listen.
A complete and perfect mastery is not OBJ
tainable without hard work and much time,
but simple melody, played with feeling, will
give an exquisite sensation of pleasure and
Is more in accordance with the nature of the
instrument than elaborate and brilliant pieces.
1t forms an exceedingly pretty accompani-
ment to the voice, and duets on two zithers
are most effective.
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17

all animals, it prefers the donkey for food.
From its rapidly decreasing numbers it now
does comparatively little damage in. India. =.
The leopard is found all over India, as well
as IN Ceylon and Africa. Some naturulists
think the leopard and panther are of different
species, but most consider them only varieties
The leopard is much more active than the
tiger, and climbs trees almost as readily as
heights. 1t is most bloodthirsty, bold and
destructive animal, carrying off sheep, goats,
and especially dogs, so that, in some of the
iudian hill.stations. it is difficult to keep a
dog, for the daring leopard will enter huts,
tents and out-houses in search of them; and
there are numer instances of their coming
upon the veran rs of country houses and
taking dog from the side of his master as
each was enjoying nap in the cool of the
evening. Their movements are so stealthy and
silent and at the same time so bold, that even
the usual canine vigilance is baflled
A tiger will seldom voluntarily approach a
human habitation, but the bolder and more
aggressive leopard constantly does so. The
leopard is fond of rocky places and caves, and
from them as well as from overhanging
branches, is apt to spring on passing animals.
But it is active that its prey is very varied
in kind and it destroys a great many pea
cocks and other large birds which roost in
trees.
Sometimes, like the tiger, leopards become
man eaters; and Blandford says that, in the
Sonthal and in the Central Provinces they
became, about 1860, very destructive to human
life, even taking women and children out Of
their own houses. One leopard, near place
called Seoni is said to have killed nearly two
hundred human beings in two years. He was
at last shot.
Leopards are silent animals, but if wounded
make a grating roar when charging, at which
time they are almost dangerous tiger.
1t takes to the water readily, and swin1s well ;
but tigers swim much better than their feline
character would lead us to suppose.
Three thousand eight hundred and twenty
two leopards were killed in India during 1887,
and they killed during that year two hundred
and ten human beings and nearly twenty-five
thousand animals, mostly sheep, goats and
dogs
Another formidable animal of India is the
ny ena; but sneaking and cowardly in nature
it is apt only to attack infrm old people or
children who happen to be alone. 1t comes
out only at night from the caves and ravines
which it haunts. One peculiarity of this ami
NAL s>its enormous strength of jaw, one snap
OF which will crush the bones of the largest
man, while by gnawing it soon makes away
with the large bones of even the elephant and
the wild buffalo.
In 1887 thirteen hundred and ninety hyenas
were destroyed in India, and these animals
killed in the same year seventeen human
beings and about three thousand head Of
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17
OUR HUGE JOKE

1t was one of the loveliest rooms | ever
saw-full of sunshine, books and pictures,
flowers and birds, bright rugs and hangings,
with host of pretty, curious bits of every
thing; and in the midst of it all, on a low
damask couch, lay, propped up by silken pill
lows, a sweet, pale-faced girl about our own
age, She shyly stretched out one hand to
US as madam simply said:
These are my girls"
which faced her, and on it an etching we well
knew.
"Gretchen!" burst from every one of us.
l am afraid there was little ceremony then.
for Bertha started the greeting in her impul,
slve way, by throwing her arms about the
little figure before us, and not one was one
bit behind her.
Then we had to hear from her lips so many
pretty quaint thanks for the joyful surprise
the picture had been, and, above all, for the
"geeft" to the "dear water" who was so good
and kind
He came in, few moments later, trans
formed in dress, and beaming at the smiles
he found on his Gretchen's face, where they
played during our stay as if pain were never
1t was all too short an hour when we took
a tender leave of the sufferer, whose wistful
look followed us as her father accompanied
us to the door.
"Auf wiedersehen" He spoke tremulouslv
this time, taking each by the hand in turn.
Il will vorget meier you haf mein madchen
made to smile" he added at the last
"Nor we, either!" Alice warmly exclaimed
as the door closed behind us.
81 never even noticed that he had a nose -
Edith remarked. Tavely; and no one even
smiled
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17

domestic cattle. Their food is principally
carTion.
The Indian wolves are more destructive than
the, hyenas, especially, with cattle but they
seldom attack any other human beings than
children, whom they are said always to seize
by the throat. Between six and seven thou
sand wolves were killed in 1887. -,
Although bears live mostly upon roots, wild
fruits and berries, they sometimes attack
human beings; and, in recent and Wen,
authenticated case, a bear entered a house
in village and killed several people before
it was itself destroyed. >,
Elephants-those which are called "rogues
still kill many people, although now that
the government preserves their haunts sucn
deaths are not so frequent. When an eiephnanc
kills man he generally does SO, by dashh,ne thnp
crushing him with the fore feet and tusksi
and kicking the body backward andforwaro
between the fore and hind feet In FORMER
days many of the native rulers OF the lnalal
States had elephants as executioners, trained
for the purpose.
The wild boar sometimes kills people in
India, but it is mostly those who are hunting
him-for pigsticking, as it is called, Is
gal the boars are often three feet high at the
shoulder, and have most formidable tusSs'
with which they can infiict fearful wounus,
and their strength, courage and activity are
SO great that they often put the tiger to
fight when attacked by him. They az, great
damage to the crops, and therefore the ma
tives are always glad to see them killed.
The crocodile is very destructive in the great
country of which we are speaking In such
regions as the Sunderbunds, which are low
and marshy, cut up by creeks and ut the
delta of the. River Ganges, crocodiles are very
numerous and dangerous, often seizing people
who are bathing, or even dipping water, as
well as carrying off cattle and other domestic
animals.
The celebrated Sir Joseph Fayrer says that
he once saw man seized as he vas swim
ming across a nuulah, or stream, holding. the
tail of COW which he was driving before him:
The crocodile caught the man by the leg, and
as both held on with determination, the limb
was taken off at the knee, and the man, faint
and exhausted, was dragged on shore, but only
to live short time.
Tanks, or grounds made by damming
stream, so to preserve water during the dry
months, as well as natural lakes and marshes,
are the homes of monsters of this species, some
of them twenty feet long. They are all blood
thirsty, and seem to eat any living thing they
can get hold of, and no carrion comes amiss
to them, In the neghborhood of certain
temples they are sacred, and the native priests
feed them-the creatures assembling at the
sound of bell, or clapping of hands, or even
of the voice, and opening their hideous mouths
for the dainties they are led to expect.
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17

India proper. The largest tiger easily exceeds
in size and power the largest lion. The writer
says that he has seen a tiger killed which
measured ten feet eight inches, and he has
known of one or two which measured twelve
feet; but this is the extreme, and the tgress
is, as rule, smaller. Sometimes, when a
tiger has overcome its natural fear OF the
human form, he finds it easier to kill men
becomes a man-eater. This is said to be
especially. true of old tigers, which have lost
their agility and whose teeth and claws are
worn. The writer we have quoted mentions
one tiger, near Nyneetal, which, for three
years, prowled within a circuit of twenty
miles, and killed an average of eighty per
sons each year. At the end of that time
it was fortunately destroyed. On such mat
ters the natives often have fatal apathy, and
continue their usual empoyments in the same
their numbers every few days.
Sometimes a herd of cattle will form in a
circle and beat off the attack of tiger, while
their herdsman is protected by taking refuge
insids, but often they make no more resistance
and take no more precautions than a sheep
would do.
AS general thing, the tiger does not roar
hike the lion, although there are times when
he does, He usually emits a peculiar deep
grow when, disturbed or alarmed, which he
repeats loudly and rapidly as he charges; and
a wounded tiger, with ears laid back, eyes
glaring, fangs displayed and hair erect, as
he charges with these hoarse angry growls,
is one of the most terrifying of creatures, and
it requires much more than ordinary nerve for
the hunter, however well armed, to then meet
him.
Their .night-call to each other is long,
wailing howl, which is particularly alarming,
especially when first heard.
There are many European sportsmen as
well as native hunters-called shkarres-who
60 long distances to look for tigers which have
acquired bad reputation, either from ,ian-
killing or carrying off cattle
Sometimes the creatures are shot from ele-
plants, being driven out by natives, with
tcm-toms, ,gongs and shouts; at other times
they are shot from stands in trees, near an
animal placed as decoy, while few very
bold and experienced hunters encounter them
on foot. The larger number, however, are
caught in pitfalls traps and nets, or killed
by poison, to obtain the reward paid by the
government.
The Asian lion is not so formidable an ami
NAL as his African cousin, and is said to be
dying out, although very numerous in an
elent times. Its large head and name give
it an imposing appearance, but it is really
smaller in body and less powerful than the
tiger, especially in the headquarters Those
who familiar with the habits of both ami
mails say that the lion is bolder, or at least
less sneaking, than the tiger, and that, among
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17
CONTINUED FROM PRECEDING PAGE

he didn't recognize the box / still had. Then
there was time! OF course, | felt awfully,
for he was concerned as if it had been a
package of pearls. 1t was all that l could
do to coax him not to look for it himself, for
he insisted that | had dropped it. | man
aged to get him to go on through, but
Bertha stopped and grimaced-"what do you
think? | could not console him by promis-
ing that we would replace it. He was SO
sure Gretchen would pc so deespineted,'
though l can't see how"
"Then, we've really got to draw something
now that is something!" / exclaimed, in dis
may.
Girls" Bertha solemnly went on, ignor-
send that water-eolor of mine that took the
prize"
That was enough. We all knew what Ber-
tina thought of her pet picture, and we made
up our minds in few minutes.
The next morning we met in the class
room, each bringing that one of our pictures
that had pleased him best as her contribu-
ton.
That was not all. Some one suggested that
Gretchen should have a special gift, and the
result was that every cent of our combined
holiday money went to buy beautiful etching
in handsome frame.
1t was the very next afternoon that madam
told us she wished us to make call with her,
The large pleasure wagon called for us, and
took us out of the town to very plain cot
tage,- where we were asked to wait in poor
ly-furnished apartment.
Madam didn't seem to notice our looks of
surprise, and talked away serenely, until a
door opened, and we were asked into-fairy-
land.
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17

beth did recreate herself on most excel
lent instrument, not unlike lutte, but strung
with wire And there is good reason for
snpposing that this was the larger kind of
clttern here mentioned Shakespeare also re-
TER ter9 to the ''cittern head in his play of
Loves Labor Lost"
1t IS to the Bavarians we indebted for
the charming either, which L beg to bring to
the notice of my readers if they are not al
ready acquainted with it. Those who have
travelled in the Bavarian Tyrol will know
that the either is to the mountaineer what
the bag-pipe is to the Highlander-no Tyro-
lese home is complete without it.
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17
Copyright by James Elvcrson.)

E~lHEN we consider that in ten years
more than seven thousand human
beings and about one hundred and
IA&NgN sixty thousand cattle were killed in
- India by tigers alone, we get an idea
of that beasts destructiveness, which
no single instance of its feroeity will supply.
A recent English writer has given the above
figures from the official returns to the govern
ment; but there can be no doubt that many
are killed in that vast country whose deaths
are never reported.
In addition to the ravages of tigers, leopards,
hyenas, bears, wolves, elephants and croco-
diles kill many people every year, while the
victims of the deadly snakes seem rather to
increase, as they were 1880 in 1880 and
1910 in 1887, the last year for which returns
are given
One reason for this is that many sects of
natives will not kill the cobra capello, the
most common and deadly snake, which likes
holes in old walls or gardens in the neighbor-
hood OF houses. Often a native who discovers
that a cobra has taken up its abode on his
premises will, for religious-or, rather, super
stitious reasons-propitiate it with milk in
stead OF killing it.
But0aside from snakes the most destructive
OF wild things is the tiger. This animal seems
quite familiar to us from the specimens seen
in menageries, and from repeated descriptions,
anu Scb, DIS Tie WTlIer we speak Ol says, JHeTe
are points about it not generally known. One
is that while most of the cat kind have vertical
pupils to the eyes, the pupil of the tigers eye
is round; and although its hearing and sight
are most acute, its sense of smell is very poor.
Its sense of touch seems particularly well de-
veloped in the great wire-like hairs about the
nose, usually called the whiskcrs in a cat.
These have very sensitive bulb or root, which
is full of nerves and surrounded by muscular
fibres which move them, and by which they
feel their way through the densest Jungle on
the darkest night, The tigers immense mus
cuar force is well known, but many are not
aware of the peculiar arrangement of the
claws which arm its powerful limbs. It is
these sharp weapns would soon be blunted
and worm. They have five toes on each fore
foot and four toes on the hindfeet, and the
claws of these are kept permanently turned
back out of the way of the tread by very
elastic ligament. When the animal wants to
use them, they are brought down by the
fexor tendons, the same which close the
fingers of persons hand.
The tiger is peculiar to Asia, and while
rather widely spread over that great CONT
nent, is, of course, most plenty and attains
its greatest size and ferocity in the jungcs of
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17

ern Zlther Is so last becoming a 1av-
orite in this country that few words about
it and its advantages a drawingro in
strument may not be wholly uninterestlng.
L say modern either, because during the
last few years the mechanical appliances and
power of tone of the either have been much
improved.
Perhaps our respect for this little instru-
ment may be heightened when we remember
that it is the descendant of a long line of
stringed forefathers-from the semi-barbar-
Gus "kissar" of the Nubian to the Tyre" of
the highly polished Roman.
All ancient nations of whose musical in
struments we have any knowledge have had
their own peculiar form of stringed instru-
ments more or less primitive in construe-
ton, but bearing a certain resemblance to
one another.
In Persia, Hindostan and other Asiatic
the word Isl" three, and tar" string. The
instrument has practically five strings, which
are struck with small plectrum or hook
made of leather or horn; and modern sitar
players in India are still said to enrapture
their audience-not an American one, We
presume.
The "kissar," or Nubian Tyre, is made of
wood followed out in the form of a bowl,
and covered with sheepskin. 1t has five
strings, and they are are also twanged with a
small pleetrum The ancient Greeks had
their "cythera," and the early Assyrians a
Tyre of ten strings; while among the Hebrews
the "kinnor' took a prominent place. 1t
was triangular Tyre, formed of two fiat
pieces of wood joined at right angles across
it were stretched eight or nine strings. 1t
was held under the left arm, and played prob.
ably with plectrum; and with an instru-
ment such as this David subdued the "evil
spirit" of Saul.
The Romans delighted in the Tyre, the ORR
gin of which they ascribed to Mercury, who,
according to NEUROLOGICAL tradition, construct,
ell it from the shell of tortoise which he
chanced to pick up on the banks of the Nile,
From primitive instruments such as these
others more elaborate were constructed and
universally played. In England three hun.
dred years ago citterns were very popular.
They had now assumed larger proportions,
chile some of them had four double strings
! wire
We are told by Playford that Queen Eliza
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17

There are different kinds of zithers-the
ordinary prime, the concert and the elegie.
Besides these there is the Stretch either,
which is played with bow, and requires an
accompaniment. 1t is not, however, so per-
feet an instrument as the other description
of zithers.
You will observe that the engraving is of
thirty y-one-stringed either, and that it is play
ed horizontally on table. The five strings
on the keyboard are used for producing the
melody The performer presses them with
the fingers of the left hand, just below the
metal frets, in the same manner as guitar
is played; at the same moment the thumb of
Los Angeles herald., 1907-02-17
Copyright by James Elverson.)

ROM time immemorial the inhabit-
ants of the mountainous districts OF
Germany have had an instrument
not unlike the dulcimer and guitar,
called litter or either. The mod
The Washington herald., 1907-06-16
june DnyN NJ Lima PnrL,.

The phrase. convenient. cool, and cap
tivating, is one that consures in the mind
Of many retrospcctlons Of the feats Of
fun and frollc the name Luna Park i'm
plies.
one more week and the Washington Or
chestra Band will make way for Weaver's
American Regimental Orchestra. and. as
a fiuing tribute 10 the remainder Of his
engagement, Director Haley has ar
ranged series Of special concerts. On
The hippodromo stage those three eccen-
triques, Elliott. Beiair & Elliott, viii Gre
ate merimept with their acrobatic speci-
atty, An Act Of Action" The panto-
mimic drOllcry Of Jack Elliott has that
tnge of originality about il that puts
him IN the front rank Of silent
laIgh-incitcrs. Notwithstanding the great
cost Of securing this European sensation.
10 ls another of Manager Goodfellow' 6
gratui'oue offerings. and can be Witnessed
twice daily free OF charge. Another lnno-
walton that WIFI prove OF interest 10 the
parks patrons is the Baby Show that
VIII be held on Monday June q Horse
and dog shows have certain fascinating
qualities, but there is that about a baby
show that is irresistible. Washington and
Alexandria mothers who have entered
their cherished cherubs will see 70 it that
nothing VIII be overlooked that would
deter the little ones from winning one
~ the prizes which the management viii
offer. The annual outing OF the Illinois
state Association is scheduled for Tues
day. June IS
The Washington herald., 1907-06-16
NnIue of Understanding.

From the New York Dramatic Mirror
Often in this column the wisdom OF
being a voluntary understudv OF persons
whom you are not az al likely TO sue
coed in the company has been empha-
sized. Because Richard Mansfield had
absorbed the lines and business Of J. Il
/ Stoddart's part IN a Partisan Romance"
during Tehearsals. and pleaded for n
chance 10 play It when Mr.. Stoddart left
the cast, he originated the character OF
Baron Chevrial. which lifted him in
night from obscurity into fame. So 70
was that James X Hackett PLAYED his
first prominent part, and so May Rob
son created her first character role. Tilly.
the slavey, in The Hoop Of Gold" So
I might euumerate a score Of instances
that rise in my memory, Of going 10
meet your chance half way by being pre-
pared for IT,
Ida Vernon. whose grand danes are
finely silhouetted against the background
Of every play I'm which she appears. played
.Desdemona at fifteen through. being thus
prepared for that which was not even re-
illF.'L- tAt''tiua solit tbll llH story
zone night when Edwin Forrest was
acting Othello Mrs. Barry was seized with
violent hysreria in the middle Of the per
formauce. Mr. Barry, who knew that l
had ambiti0usly committed the part. hur-
Tiedly got me into the clothes. and
actually finished the fourth and fifth acts
Of DesdcmOna. I was only fifteen then,
and, Of course, couldn't really. act tto
part. However. the people in front ap-
plauded vigorously"