davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
Constant Reader Tells What He
Missed IN Last Weeks Papers.

Something seems at last to have happened
in the Kelsey contest" remarked the Busy Man
he leaned back in his chair at the club and
allowed thin line of smoke to curl up from be-
tween his half-closed lips.
Yes" replied Constant Reader After hang
ing fire for two months and a half, in the eff
forts of certain Senators to defeat the plans of
Governor Hughes. the request of the Governor
for the removal of Superintendent Kelsey of the
State Insurance Department on the ground of
incompetence rejected Thursday t- a
vote of % to "a. Ten Republicans and seven
teen Democrats voted for Mr.. Kelsey, while
twenty-five Republicans and two Democrats
cast their ballots for his removal. Among those
who voted for his retention were Senator
Raines, the veteran leader of the Republican or
ganization in the Senate. and the stanch moral
lists. Grady and McCarren A large proportion
OF the Senators made speeches explaining their
attitude when voting. and an opportunity was
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
MAN POWER INTERLOCKING.

The foregoing sufficiently the ground OF
block signalling functions. switches and 'cross-
overs" are worked by interlocking. This is quite
an ancient art. but is undergoing constant develop
ment; 1t has now become complicated and ex-
treEnely important.
The fundamental idea OF interlocking is to work
switches, and the signals indicate to moving
trains the position of those switches by levers as
eempIed In one place, called & tower or a ca bin.
These levers are interlocked among themselves in
sucn a way ftlat they move only In certain
sequence, Which mas been previously arranged 1t
Is as II the keys OF piano were interlocked in
sucn a way that II would be mechanically imDos-
slple lof player 20 make dscord. The method
oy which this interiockng is done is rather too
complicated 10 be explained in few words, and
without drawings, but, briefly. Il be said
IN an lnterlocked system in case the operator was
TO throw certain switch the signals controlling
tne movement of the train that switch must
De frSt put 10 the danger position If they are not
already so. This having been done, it then be-
which operates the switch. This he could not have
done so long as the signals stood in the clear
position Having now moved the switch, or. as the
expression is. having "set up the route" he NAV
indicating that train may pass over that route
by the interlocking among the levers fl is not
possible Tor him to move these last in any other
ORDER thaI is he could not clear the signals for
latter in the proper position
a rehnement OF this arrangement is the locking
or the switch points on the ground by bolts, which
bolts are also thrown by levers arranged in the
same frame with the switch and signal levers.
These bolts are called facing point locks,'' be-
cause they used to lock the switches when
trains must toward the points of those
Swtches- In this primitive mechanical interlock-
ing tne power is man power. and rod connections
pass from the levers directly to the switches or
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
AUTOMOBILES IN WHITE MOUNTAINS.
New Facilities at Breton Woods for Caring
for Chauffeurs and Machines.

Breton Woods. n. H., May (SpeciaD.-Although
the signs of winter have not all disappeared here
in the heart of the White Mountains, preDarations
for the summer season are already under way
Snow stll fingers in the Great Gulf and other re-
cesses of Mount Washington. where in Tucker
mans Ravine it may be found in July. but at the
Mount Washington and Mount Pleasant hotels
there are many signs of spring.
one Of the improv ovements that will mark the new
season at this centre for automobile tourists will
be conveniences for the of both machines and
those who have charge of them. building has al
ready been reared and has the roof on and the
floors laid, which will provide suitable accommoda-
uons for not less than sixty chaufeurs Ground
was also broken this week the foundations oe
a new garage. which is TO be 225 by 20 feet and
practically hTeproof 1t will be equipped with
every Convenience for the care and also for the
repair Of machines, which come here in great num-
bers in the course OF the summer season.
NO more delightful way be found for seeinp
ana enjoying the many beauties of the deliehtf,il
White Mountain region than TO take an automo-
bile trip through the Franconia Crawford or lack
son Notch. with side excursions to many nonts "F
interest. All automobilsts have TO visit Rrefton
woods and. with the new facilities for caring for
chauHeurs ana machines. q trip to the region Is
msHe moro desirable than In the past
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
THE STAFF SIGNAL SYSTEM.

Another method of blocking which is used to
some extent in America single track roads, is
the staff system. This is manufactured and in
stalled by the Union Switch and Signal Company,
and by that company only. IN America Some i'm
portant installations Of this system in opera
SIon on the Southern Pacific. the Atchison. Topeka
q santa te and the Cincinnati, New Orleans q
Texas Pacific Small insta sations protecting spe-
cial places, are in operation on good many other
railroads. BY the staff system. when an engineer
reaches the entrance OF "a block he is handed a
small metal staff about six inches long, which is
ms aurhority for proceeding through that block.
he Knows that no train is approa ching from tho
other END OF The block, and he knows also that no
train, moving IN the same direction in which he IS
going, is ahead OF him in the block The stats are
held IN proper cases. controlled by electric locks
One staff having been taken out and the engineer
having entered the block another staff cannot be
taken out OF the case until the train has moved
through the block and the staff has been delivered
10 the operator at the far end and inserted in the
case at that end. This permits the operator at the
outgoing end OF the block to unlock the at the
incoming end. SO that the operator there can take
out another staff. This system furnishes very ad-
fnirabie protection; but where train movement
is very frequent and fast It is satisfactory
as automatic blocking, and, consequently its prac-
Jice is restricted to single tracks; and there
in case Of very heavy traffic, the automatic system
VIII probably prevail eventually.
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05

60 go" - eN-Judse Hatch. Kelsey's counsel. 70
'eienu MS client on the floor of the Senate"
Wv =" "H"t IS 'he Governor going to do about it,
II Is sfiiu that numerous dispatches and other
communications received in the course of the
''' u"S session of the Senate Indicated clearly,
60. ,ei'aeors that the people were. with the
governor This has made some of the Sap,to,...
apprehensiye of his next move in the efrort -
secure what he believes the peoDla OUGHT -
nave Some of the old line Senators do no1 yrts,,
thorough reapportionment of the state T,,a
Governor. on Wednesday, sent a MESSAGE 70
'ne senate demanding the passage of an an
POI i''o'li'eht act oil 'unquestiOned validity and
or character ~ 'comSnend itself IN tha g.
teIhgeht Judgment of the people, This mich,
deprive some of the Senators of their seats m,
rIuay hisht Governor Hughes, in a speech AZ
Elmira. said We have an important r.t+o.
or reapportonment of this state. Let il he CON
sidered 1alrly. Let the people of the state ba
divided into districts in accordance with tba
constitution. This question of administering tho
departments of the state is not to be made n
matter OF political maneuvring. In Connection
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05

The signals on the other pole are semi-automatic;
that is they not only controlled by track cir
cults but they are also controlled from an inter
locking cabin. 1t will be observed that on the
right OF the signal post is a switch, leading into
the main track and t Will be that this switch
track IS arranged with deraing device, which
STANDS In such position TO derail train pass
on the switch TO foul the main track. This de-
railing device is interlocked with the semi-auto-
matte signals In such way that when those sig
nals stand clear to permit train move on the
main track. the derailing device must be opened to
aDSoIltely prevent train moving OF the siding
ms interlocking feature viii be explained later
,tlgure also shows automatic signals of the
electro-p pneumatic type. 1t win be observed that
ihe upper blade has square end; the lower blade
Is notched. These respectively what are called
the home" signals and distant" signals The
nome signal is placed the TO the block
ana shows that the block Immediately beyond is
clear, or is occupied As shown In the photograph,
tne signal is in the clear position. The lower
slgnaI, that with the notch the distant signal ap-
ples 20 a block still further ahead. II Indicates
tnat the nome signal for the second block in ad-
vance Is also clear; that IS engineer approach
ing Iae signals, as they stand, Informed
that ne mas two clear blocks ahead of him. If the
lower signal happened to be in the horizontal posi-
tlon, ana the upper or home signal happened to be
IN the position here shown, the engineer will under
stand that the first block ahead of him is clear
but that the next block beyond IS probably occu-
pieos or that at any rate, the homo signal of that
99Ioch Is IN the Danger position. He would there
iore enter the first block under such control that
ne would be prepared to stop at the home signal
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
Provision AND FREIGHT DISPATCH

Much has been said of the failure of railroad
managements to provide adequate facilities for and
TO give prompt dispatch to, freghts'; and they
have been roundly berated therefor, well as for
the lack of provision" TO which, supposedly the
shortcomings in these particulars-in the degree
that they are not averred to be attributable to
neglect and ndlference-are due. In truth il Is To
be wondered AT that they do well rather than
expected that they should do better As TO ''nfe-
vision theirs was really marvellous And hut
few years since. the provisions they made 10 meet
the future requirements OF the country were stie-
matized as ''wicNedly extravagant'' and wildly
speculative" OF course, these far-sighted
men could not have been expected to see farther
into the future than all the worlds great econo-
mists; and where among these to be found any
that have predicted the present of abounding
world prosperity. of worldwide congestion? And
they would indeed have been 'seerS," could thev
have foreseen that the necessity for the doubling
OF capacity would be upon them thus oujcltIv
could they have foreseen-as IL has been anprijv
charged they should have-that all their tunnels
roadbeds and bridges" would prove and at no dis.
tant day. to have been designed on entirely too
small a scale; to have been the fortunate nos
of such prophetic vision would have enabled
them to anticipate the tremendous strides of the
applied sciences which have had such hand in
creating the present situation in the worlds nro-
duction and business and would have put them
far beyond the necessity of doing such hard work
as railroad building managing and operating,
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05

been properly said that the roads cannot spend
all their money for insurance, that they must save
some for operating expenses, and regardless or te
of criminal greed, for their stockholders. who
simply looking TOR fair returns from their In
vestments in railroad stocks-the which, however,
large returns as money invested in other lines
Of busness-and have a right TO expect square
treatment from the rest of the public: that indeed.
what frequently appears to be parsimony, in TINS
particular, and tho part of arrangements, is
simply compound of wise business caution and
honest desire to stockholders interests;
that in other words much they would Ike
devices, they rob all the other accounts to
do While in the ten from 1895 to 1905 the
freight business of the roads has more than
doubled, there has been increase of locomotives
of only about SO per cent and of about 40 per
cent. according to "The Manufacturers Record.
These figures, coupled with recent statement
from n high official of of the great trunk lines
lit has been impossible to secure thousand addi-
tOna cars in order from any one car builder for
any road. or fifty locomotives from an engine
builder for road at any single time in the
past ten years, tend to prove that freight Conses-
ton has been largely caused by THE failure of a
part of the manufacturing industry to develop as
rapidly needed to again quote the official
The Tribune in printing recently a statement or
Sir Charles McClaren. an English railroad autnor-
ity. which shows that the British hampered by
the inadequaCy of resources. called attention
to the fact that the of Europe is in similar
state of congestion. and remarked that such
worldwide condition suggests that We are NOT
suffering from any special blindness and unwisdom
of American railway managers. The tremendous
the utmost resources Of transportation it has
those of capital
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
ELEGTRo-PNEUMATIC INTERLoCKING

A great advance IN interlocking was made a
good many years ago. by the Introduction of COM
pressed air which moves the switches and the sig
nails. precisely IL the signals in the electro
pneumatic automatic signalling system described
above. The admission of air TO the working cylin-
ders is governed by electromagnetic valves Just
as In automatic signalling These valves however
are not controlled by track circuits but by circuits
processing from the interlocking machine in the
eapln. Little levers there arranged inter-
locked, exactly in the mechanical machines so
that they can be moved only in certain order and
sequence Inc movements of these levers open
and close electric circuits, and So govern the con-
diton OF the valves which admit air, or discharge
u, from the working cylinders, the switches md
signals This system OF power interlocking has
been In use in nearly all the great terminals OF the
country where IL is not unusual to see In the
cabins machines thirty forty long and
where levers to the number OF two hundred are
sometimes assembled in one machine. In the Bos-
ton South Terminal station there are a3 levers in
the machine and these control I53 signals and nm
ward Of one hundred switches. A machine in
stalled at ST. Louis just before the Louisiana Pr-
chase Exposition. for handling the traffic at the
Union Termnal station there. has 2l5 levers
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
He Does Not Want RegUlar
Army Officers To Be Too
Hard on Them.

The rank and file of the 7th and 18th regiments
not looking forward to their cOastwse service
the coming summer with unaoyed pleasure When
General Robert Shaw Oliver, Assistant Secretary
of War, wrote to Governor Hughes to learn
whether some of this states National Guard could
arrange TO cooperate with the artierymen of the
regular army in coast defence practice the coming
summer he may may not have had knowledge
of the past experiences of citizen soldiery with OIL
GERS and men in the regular service but Governor
Hughes looking at the matter from a practical
point of view, expressed himself as certain that
this cooperation would be warmly welcomed by
the militia.
Nevertheless many men in the two regiments
preferred keep their regimental integrity intact
and be commanded by their officers rather
than by regulars. They complained of harsh usage
from the regular army previous occasions.
The War Department plans TO have the 9TH
Regiment men to act supports to the artillery
at Forts Wadsworth and Hamilton and other forts
to be designated probably at Plum Island and Fish
er's Island and the field. staff and non-commis-
tho vs s nTdnn Ddfn rbe 10 @ w ao ct
with the artillery at Fort Schuyler and Wtlets
cent practice the regimental formation viii have
to be subordinated to the service requirements.
This Will not be a new experience Tor some OF
and Fishers Island and their work at these places
was enough to prejudice me of them against CO
operation with the regulars They were looked
such such no menial work work. tsS Was eonsidered too hard
for them, and throughout the few weeks they spent
IN the coastwise service the experience was such
that many do not care to repeat It, They recog-
nlZe the Vaue or the service. put many OF IIeiu
cannot the necessity for the gruelng through
which they put occasion.
Tales are told that some of the guardsmen were
physically injured for life through being ordered
TO do work which would have exhausted tough
longshoreman, but which the guardsman felt in
honor bound to accomplish. There We're numerous
complaints of this kind of treatment, and when
the detail made known President Roose-
welt Informed of the objections. and II was
through him that General Grant. commanding the
Department OF the East was instructed 20 inform
the officers Of the regiments detailed that especial
consideration would be paid to the militia officers
and men. that the former causes for COMPLAINT
would be removed. The men who are propelled to
shovel coal clean officers quarters and to do other
heavy menial work will not be drawn from the
militia. This work Will be done by the regulars.
When Colonels Appleton and Austen were seen
by a reporter for The Tribune. they said they had
received assurances Of good treatment of their
men. and that consequently they were I'm thorough
accord with the VAR Denartment plans.
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
DATES FOR VACATION.

But there is one objection to the national plan
which neither Colonel Austen nor Colonel Appleton
has had the least hesitation in mentioning 1t is
the time limit OF the service. the date of the SER
vice and the lack OF warning regarding the time
for service As rule, the miiitiamen are REQUIRED
10 tell their employers about January l when the
vacation period Is desired. Under the regular army
rule this IS lost sight OF altogether II was onIv
recently that the militia learned OF the summer
service. The result will be that of the r,sr
will not be able 10 the sea forts They NAV
want TO do II. but they will have had their vaca-
tton time assigned them, and 1t may he tnpossibIa
to change now. Colonel Appleton of the Eth who
is a large. heavily built man. who might have
given even Front de Boeuf a hard S1SsIa
was particularly urgent upon this point OF lack OF
notice. Colonel Austen of the 18th Regiment who
rests In his chair in the Tax Department as n hs
was part OF the furniture. had something to saw
about the same lack OF notice. But when II came
right down TO the military value OF the co-onerse
ton OF the two branches OF the services there Wss
no difference OF opinion '
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
ORDERS FOR THE DRILL.

Colonel Daniel Appleton of the 7th Regiment
said: I'VE only too glad to get the advantage
of regular army training. We do not know just
where TO go. But will go whether q
regiment a detached conglomeration of mill
tary men. We are absolutely at the service of the
War Department. What the trained there
may have TO say willing to bow TO the
ultimate expression of military wisdom.
'T received orders to get troops ready for service
with the regulars long ego as March 8. and the
general opinion OF is that this service will
be most beneficial. Any reports the effect that
the militia not willing 10 benefit TO the full
from regular army instruction false. We do
not expect the regular army gruelling. Our orders
of March s. under which shall operate. TO
this effect:
" In addition TO the troops required for service in
the forts other troops are needed to protect
the land side OF coast forts against possible assault
of small landing parties. These troops should con
sst OF such infantry companies battalions or regi
ments. machine guns and field guns or batteries
may be necessary for each particular locality.
Such defensive bodies are designated coast artil-
lery supports They should be clearly Differentiated
In mind from the large bodies OF held troops OF all
arms known as the coast guard that would be held
In hand. back from the coast line. in position TO
concentrate for repelling the landing OF Il large
force debarking from Transports
These orders signed by Major General J.
from the Secretary of War We viii come under that
object TO the military discipline that will work for
the highest grade Of efficiency? No. sir men
willing and anxious TO so into this service TO learn
from highly educated army officers the requirements
Of real war suppose that the discipline is rather
wooden sadfar [ sb 9t me 'sn & are oI ,|ht I'm or
grade OF military proficiency possible. This cannot
be attained in any other way than through this
practice with tho regulars And, furthermore, this
sort OF thing IS not new
shePs sand ah3 at Plum Island G 3e % IA
were at Plum Island four and years ago. AT
dom from the regulars six years ago The officers
say that the experience there was about the most
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05

In advance in case that signal should not
have cleared meanwhile.
Figure shows automatic signals, controlling
four tracks, placed on bridge. II will be seen
also that three OF the tracks are clear. and that
The levers are connected with the switches. the
signals, as the may be, by lines of rods
ming out along the ground 10 distances OF some
hundreds Of feet, ofentimes. The bars which carry
the locks for interlocking between the levers are
shown in front OF the leversi that is between the
levers and the windows. These bars moved
the action of the latch, which is shown on the
front side OF each lever.
Figure is electro-pneumatio interlocking
machine which controls switches and signals In
this case the control is by electric circuits which
are made and broken by the turning of the little
levers In front Of the operator is model showing
the tracks, with their various switches and signals
and the positions OF these switches and signals
change on the model, just as they change on the
ground, in response 10 the manipulation or the
New-York tribune., 1907-05-05
A CAR SHORTAGE CAUSE.

Another is the practice, so frequently
indulged in by the roads customers of using cars
storage Misunderstanding theni with pros
pectve shipments. and holding them until the sales
are consummated and the destinations of the ship
ments are determined; and putting off the unload
ing of consigned to them. either because their
contents purchased in anticipation of rising
market of coming scarcity and are not lmlne-
diateY needed, because their own warehouses
jammed and outside storage would entail extra
with the car shortage. about which much has been
said. but creates in the yards the congestion which
lowers the of freight train miles per hour.
The shipper who divides the time between shipment
and delivery by distance, to determine the speed
per hour at which his goods move, does not take
In jam. created by other shippers laches. some
where the route. and delayed for three
fourths OF the time. The Tribune, in discussing the
suggested Legislative remedy, the Objectionable
reciprocal demurrage' bill has pointed out that
'i is to the railroads interest TO supply freight
cars 10 shippers If trey fail TO do So it is either
because of a lack of ability to manage their own
make freight facilities inadequate. The latter can
not be cured by fines, and the former cannot be
supplied by fines" its opinion that g. the
criticism against this reciprocal demurrage bill,
that 1t would open the way directly TO rebates.
seems just and obvious. =" Will be
heartily concurred in when the example 1t furnishes
as to how readily shippers and roads could drive
stage coach through lt-and which was suggested.
in debate the measure by State Senator:
90. A shipper might, by pre-arrangement with
the railroads. order twenty-five where he
needed only three, and the railroads furnishing
only three, might claim and receive the forfeited
demurrage, which would. in effect. be rebate
10 1araH