davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
VALUE OF A TON OF MANURE.

A load of fresh manure, one ton,
contains ten pounds of nitrogen, two
pounds of phosphorus and ten pounds
lof potassium, besides other elements
OF plant-food not SO important in point
Iof provision. If figured at commercial
prices, the nitrogen at Is cents a
pound, the phosphorus at IL cents and
the potassium at 6 cents, ton of
such manure would be worth $2.34
But bare figures are not interesting
unless their relations to other things
which do interest us are shown. Corn
fodder, for instance, has sixteen
pounds of nitrogen. two pounds OF
potassium. 1t is worth, merely as ma
nure when figured as above stated,
1855.
A ton of oat straw is on the same
basis worth 1925. Wheat straw is
worth s2.75; clover hay ss.4o; alfalfa
hay s9.40; cowpea hay 5000; timothy
hay $685.. Thus a ton of manure
would be less valuable than ton OF
lany Of our ordinary field crops, IL the
latter We're used as fertilizer only. and
also supposing them to be Immediately
available as plant-food.
The fact that they require longer
or shorter period for decay. while
manure is quickly available, accounts
for the more apparent value of the
manure. 1t is interesting to note that
ton of manure contains sufficient nj
trogen for ten bushels of corn; enough
potassium for 52.6 bushels. For
wheat there is enough nitrogen for
eight bushels; phosphorus for 1913
bushels. and potassium for S6.a
bushels.
Manure has the effect of making the
soil looser and more easily tillable. II
gives better color and enables the sol
to drain better and retain moisture
better. 1t also sets free other foods
from the soil. Commercial fertilizer.
require that other things, such q,
straw or green manures, be added, tt
prevent the land from becoming
KILLED" as the condition is otter
termed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
BEET PULP LAYS ON FAT.

| A Wisconsin experiment with beet
pulp, where it can be had cheaply al
the five great factories, again proves
cattle, sheep and pigs.
In this experiment five cows We're
fed twenty-four pounds of pulp for six
weeks in addition to hay and grain
For five weeks twelve pounds of SUI
gar beets were substituted for the
pulp.
The average weekly gain on pulp
was 6.2 pounds and on sugar beets one
fifth pound. The average weekly milk
yield on pulp was 1911 pounds and on
beets 1874 pounds. The average
weekly butter yield on pulp was SIG
pounds and on beets So pounds. Milk
contained more fat when sugar beets
were fed.
This experiment indicated that when
butter was worth 90 cents per pound.
pulp and beets fed in small amounts
We're worth respectively 1891 and
$500 per ton.
Beet pulp also saves other food, par-
ticularly hay, although we do not I'M
derstand how the amount of roughage
could be materially affected by the
pulp. However, the farmer who con-
Quoted the experiment declares that in
one test with steers one ton Of pulp
took the place of 421.5 pounds Of corn
slower, ETA pounds Of mixed hay and
68.s pounds of grain.
A lot of thirty steers receiving pulp
consumed per steer per day, fifty-five
pounds of pulp, s.5 pounds of mixed
hay, four pounds shredded corn slower,
"a pounds ground grain and made a
daily gain Of 1.42 pounds.
Fat mutton was not made by beet
pulp alone, but as meat had good
flavor where fed with corn and alfalfa
the results were satisfactory. It took
ton of pulp to equal 200 pounds OF
corn and lambs fed pulp and alfalfa
made better gain than others fed the
same rations with corn added.
Beet pulp is not very profitable feed
for hogs. Nothing in the world beats
corn for hogs.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
NO CHOLERA CURE YET.
Government Working On Hog Disease
With Hope of Success.

Government Working On Hog Disease
With Hope of Success.
THE erroneous impression prevails
in some quarters that the gov-
eminent has finally discovered
! sure cure for hog cholera and is
.eady to supply virus or medicine to
farmers.
Under date of February 8, 1907,
Prof A. d. Melvin, Chief Of the Blu
reau OF Animal Industry Of the Agri-
cultural Department at Washington,
writes:
"A method of minimizing hogs from
hog cholera has been worked out on a
basis Of the experiments described in
Bulletin No. ~, but the department has
aot yet published description OF these
immunity experiments, nor has it been
determined that the method is suitable
Tor practical application. Work along
this line will be carried out as rapidly
rs possible. The department has been
granted patent for the method we
ire employing
The government for many years has
been working on this important mat
ter, but as DR.. Melvin's letter observes
has not yet reached complete solu-
lion OF the trouble.
The discovery of hog cholera bach
illus was made in 1885 and it is known
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
SHORT TALKS ON POULTRY.

At the present prices Of grain, it will
cost from 10 to Is cents a pound to
raise chickens to five months Of age.
Hulled broomcorn seed is a good
food for variety. Cane seed and millet
are excellent for scattering among
light scratching litter. 1t makes both
chicks and fowls work. Pop corn Is
good for variety.
Feeding pumpkins to fowls is more
or less dangerous. especially when the
seeds are given.
Green bone should be fed the day it
is cut. Uncut bone can be safely kept
several days during cold weather.
Glover heads, stepped over night in
scalding water, make a good, strong
tea. Mix tea and heads in the morn
ing mash, and you have one of the
very best egg foods.
T For thirty hens feed about two
pounds Of green cut bone twice a
week. II
ing mash in the proportion Of one.
half, is pretty heavy--one-fourth
would be better
Chicks Matched in an incubator will
'be as hardy and strong as those
Matched by hens, IL the incubator has
been rightly managed. Beginners with
incubators should first carefully study
the workings of the machines before
they set them with eggs.
Moisture gauges in incubators are
not, as q rule, reliable.
Generally once day Is enough to
|cool eggs. You must be governed more
or less by the condition of the air cell
in the egg. In turning the eggs twice
a day. they get considerable cooling.
1t is a mistake to put Brahma and
Wyandotte eggs in the same incuba-
tor at the same time. Owing to the
tough shell of the former, they require
different treatment. A study OF the
air cell will explain If moisture or ven
tilation are needed. In case both var
ieties are placed in the machine at the
same time (for examp1e) the air cell Of
the Brahna egg may call for moisture
while that Of the Wyandotte may wan,
Ventilation. Each variety should be
incubated separately.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
SOME DAIRY POINTERS.

A sudden change of feed is danger
Gus and should be avoided as much as
possible.
The dairyman must learn the value
of alfalfa, clover hay, ensilage, forage
crops, oil meal, cottonseed meal, glu-
ten meal and similar feeds rich in pro-
teins and how to feed them in the
most economical and judicious man
Il er.
Dry mich cows need no grain If
supplied with good clover hay and en-
silage.
| The feeder must study his cows and
know how much rough feed and how
much grain each COW can consume at
a profit.
In feeding for city milk, I have all
ways found 1t best to keep more COWS
than was necessary to keep up to con-
tract most Of the time. I figured that
in this way by increasing the grain RAJ
ton at any time 1t would save buying
cows at a time when they were scarce,
and also realize more profit from pas
ture, ensilage and clover that pro-
duced on the farm.
The COW should be fed so as to reach
her maximum yield a few days after
calving, then everything possible
should be done to hold her UP to a
high plane during her milking period
but not crowd her too much.
Cows vary more in the amount OF
grain they will consume than in the
amount of roughness. The idea is to
|get a COW to eat only what grain she
can consume at profit.
Most dairymen cut their hay toe
late; cut when the grass is in full
blossom.
il No dairyman ever made any money
trying to fatten an old, wornout dair,
lcow Better sell her cheap and give
the feed to good young ones.
il Unless you can shape the rolls vel
j, with ladle, invest in butter stamp
!. 1t add much to the looks of the prod.
uct-and looks count great deal II
, butter.
But Of course flavor is the creates
thing, and no stamp will render rancie
: butter satisfactory. If there is a lacl
:. Of freshness, don't work 1t over in but
termilk and think you can pass it OF
for a first-class article. You may sell
the butter that once, but you injur,
! your reputation. It is more profitable
to be honest and offer the inferior 70
) what 1t is worth
If the cream inclines to spatter, pou
cold water on the floor around TIN
churn and mop up before comrnencinl
to churn. The grease will not sinl
SO much into the wood.
: If milk is kept in pans, remen1be
: that air Is essential. Good ventilation
= with the temperature never beloy
freezing. will prove satisfactory.
: Those who have regular customer
r not only get the highest price for thei
4 butter, but it is paid in cash rathe
g than in store products. 1t also open
9 UP good market for a limited amour
t LOT fruit and vegetables, not alway
i marketable at a country store.
If a cow kicks, hunt the cause. i
nine cases out OF ten, it may be trace
p Ito some other cause than viciousnes.
&c. s. Carnrnan.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14

In this way it packed as solid and
kept in as good condition as any en-
silage we ever put UP and there has
been silo on the farm since 1889.
From our experience in feeding this
kind of feed we think 1t could be made
profitable to husk and shred all Of the
corn that goes into the silo, especially
for a dairy that are being fed up to
nearly their capacity.
OF course, the corn that goes into
the silo increases the value of the en-.
silage, but we are not sure that 1t in
creases 1t to an extent that woult
equal the value of the ear corn whicf
is usually worth from SO to so cent.
per bushel in New York, and 1 am
writing this upon the conditions a,
We found them In that state.--J. B
Harrison, New York.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
TANKAGE FOR GROWING PIGS
Lays On Flesh and Lessons the Cost of
Feeding

Lays On Flesh and Lessons the Cost of
Feeding
IN HE big packing houses of Chi
cago and Kansas City are turn
ing out q product called tank
age, which is being largely used as a
supplementary feed by farmers in the
West.
To test the value of this product,
Director Burnett of the Nebraska Sta
ton fed three lots Of hogs on various
foods using tankage with two. Lot
one was fed soaked corn, the other two
lots were fed soaked corn. one lot re-
ceiving per cent tanlsage and the
other 10 per cent.
It was found that the cost was all
ways lessened by the use of 5 per cent
tankage while the feeding Of 10 per
cent tankage was not so profitable.
Five per cent is equal to ESQ lbs. of
tankage for each 100 bushels of corn
fed.
The pigs which were fed on soaked
corn were in a dry lot. Those that
were fed on 5 per cent tankage and
soaked corn were on alfalfa pasture
and those fed 10 per cent tankage
were also on pasture.
The cost of alfalfa was not figured
in any Of the experiments. The net
results of the experiments showed that
the hogs fed on corn alone cost rs per
cent more than those fed on corn and
5iper cent tankage.
The gains Of those fed on corn and
10 per cent tankage cost 10 per cent
more than those of lot two, while the
gains of those fed on corn alone cost
IA per cent more than those fed on
corn and 10 per Gent tankage.
The use of tankage makes very
rapid gains and materially shortens
the fattening period. Prof. Burnett
says that it is profitable beyond doubt
to feed tankage along with corn to
breeding or fattening pigs.
In this experiment tests were made
with pigs fed on tankage and ground
bone to ascertain the effect on the
bones and 1t was found in every case
that these feeds added greatly to the
strength Of the bones.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
NEWS OF THE FARM.

The Iowa State Federation of Labor
has sent general organizer to visit
all the counties in the state to form
farmers local unions. Texas and Wis
consin already have many farmers
unions, but mono Of them are as yet
allied with the american Federation
Of Labor.
President j. T. Hill of the Great
Northern railway. recently testified be-
fore the Minnesota state railway COM
mission that the farmers were mis-
treated by the elevators which entered
into unlawful combines and that
charges in many cases are excessive.
Not later than 1887 nobody outside
Of the elevator animation in the
Northwest could build an elevator on
Mr.. Hills road and it became neces-
sary to pass very stringent law
preventing the Great Northern, North
ern Pacific and other great railroads
in the Northwest from combining with
the elevator companies to do the
farmer great injustice.
The price OF land in some portions
OF irrigated Montana has, advanced
during the past few months. In the
vicinity Of Twin Bridges improved
ranches under cultivation have recent
ly been sold for s35 to $40 per acre.
1t is reported that Solomon Watson
near Arcola, ILL.,, raised $500 acres Of
corn on twenty acres. The ground
has been under blue grass pasture 70,
many years. The seed was extra large
Boone County White, and particular
attention was given to the cultivation.
Through the system Of drainage
now In operation in the great Kan.
kakee swamp regions, land that wa.
Under water three years ago, las
season yielded from 100 to 125 bushel
OF corn to the acre.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14

A log-drag now may prevent mud
hole next spring.
Always carry a small Ratchet when
looking over the farm.
Do not buy barb wire. Too danger
Gus.
Remember that cows routine is
es important as that Of a bank clerk.
Do not disturb it.
"A few grains Of copperas once a
week in the drinking troughs of the
cattle and horses are recommended.
1t is scientific fact that there was
less stomach trouble among people
when our grandmothers used copper
cooking utensils.
A pile Of boards near the poultry
house makes fine home for rats.
Like the darby girl who said she
never ate peaches because the stones
scratched her throat, chickens will not
Eat grit that is too COARSE.
Make the poultry heuse weasel
proof.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
AVOID DEEP DEAD-FuRRows.

Do not plow your land round and
round the same way, year after year.
unless you want deep dead furr0M
in the middle that viii bear nothing
and be a hard place to cross. when
blowing for seeding begin at the deadS
furrow, throw the first fttrrow into the
ditch, wheel the horses about to tho
right and drive back to the starting
point, turning furrow up against tho
one just plowed. This plan, followed
to the end, will leave the land ali
smooth and in good shape.
A man who tried 1t, says that the
best device for keeping cows sway
from the newly-planted corn is to .tid
ears Of corn to poles placed at ins
tervals around the Held. For sofns
reason, after they came and looked 81
the poles, they went away and stayed
away.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
GOOD MONEY IN TEN ACRES.
Small Farms Can Be Made TO Pay Wen
BY Proper Handling.
r. t.. Rtsley, Connecticut.


r.. l.. Risley, Connecticut.
MY LAND formerly consisted Of
M forty acres under high state
of cultivation, dry. fine. sandy
soil, free Of weeds and stones and rais-
ing excellent grade Of vegetables ana
small fruit, also an orchard yielding
quantities Of marketable fruit besides
some cider producers
After awhile sold the land down to
ten acres The principal buildings
were located on a sheltered hillside,
convenient to meadow, spring brook
and tract Of woodland. The location
gave good drainage and the hot
houses and poultry. yards were close
by.
Poultry was the main business; tnr-
keys, guineas and ducks to the num-
Der Of eighty or one hundred were sold
each season. Strengthening was done
on the place and all birds went to two
nearby cities. Too much cannot be
said In praise of duck raising.
All the milk and eggs and many;
fowls and vegetables were disposed ok
readily to regular customers. a
Strawberries, raspberries blackber-
ries. each grew In its allotted place and,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
a PoPuI.AR FARMER,

last fall that he couldn't ind barrels
in which to keep it, and 50 ne pumped
all the water out OF his cement cistern
and filled it with cider. When this
became known the farmer soon found
himself the most popular man III the
neighborhood, and men who HAD
passed his house for years without
ever speaking to him suddenly devels
|oped warm friendship.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
the fruit was bespoken almost, before
II becAfYaA rrarkataftte N5f sfgs4ss

the fruit was bespoken almost before
1T became marketable.
I know OF no method OF making
ready money as pleasant and profitable
as raising small fruit. unless 1t is from
exceptionally fresh ana perfect garden
truck. There are always persons will-
ing to pay literally for fine, reliable
vegetables, which so hand in hand
with butter and eggs.
Our place raised everything needed
for house, stock etc. There was hay,
corn, oats-nothing to buy outside and
the hogs did their share toward keep
ing Affairs profitable. This and mora
was successfutly carried along each
year by an interested and harmonious
family.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14

A door for the hog house, hung on
q rod in the center, SO it will swing
both ways, will keep out the draught.
1t should be solid but not too heavy
A square frame, like the frame of q
common chair, slipped over cows
head, will prevent her from sucking.
1t is better than band with iron
spikes around the nose.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
ALL AROUND FILE FARM.

l:y planning properly. we may man
rye to have good flooring of corn
in the Barn to husls when the stormy
DAYS come SO that we cannot work
.nit Of doors. The live farmer keeps
his weather eye out for storms and
prepares himself accordingly.
Better hire the man by the yea,
and then find work to Keep him busy
If the orchard is on a high spot
plant windbreall this fall.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
WHAT FERTILIZERS ARE WORTH

The real and relative value Of one
ton each of several fertilizers as given
by the Illinois College Of Agriculture.
tains ten pounds Of nitrogen, two
of potassium, with total value Of
$2.34.
OF dried blood, $50 pounds Of MI
trogen worth SAP.
OF sodium nitrate, 310 pounds of
nitrogen worth $46.50.
OF ammonium sulphate, 400 pounds
of nitrogen valued at $50.
OF raw bone meal, eighty pounds of
nitrogen and $50 pounds of phos-
phorus worth in all, $3.50.
OF steamed bone meal, twenty
pounds of nitrogen and $50 pounds
of phosphorus worth $33.
OF calculated bone meal, forty
pounds Of nitrogen and lao pounds OF
phosphorus worth $3.50.
OF Stag phosphate, 100 pounds OF
phosphorus worth 1920.
OF rock phosphate. $50 pounds Of
phosphorus worth $50.
OF acid phosphate, 1875 pounds OF
phosphorus valued at SIS.
OF potassium chloride (muriate oil
p, tash) $40 pounds Of potassium
worth s50.40.
| OF potassium sulphate (sulphate 81
potash) 500 pounds of potassium
worth SAB.
| OF kainit. 200 pounds of potassium
worth $12.
OF wood ashes, (unbleached) II
pounds Of phosphorus and 10t
pounds of potassium worth 1870.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
A GIRL HoRsE BREAEER

girl Of Dupage county, Illinois, Is one
Of the most daring bareback riders
in the West She has wonderful
control over horses and has broken
any number Of unruly colts. The
for her father and brothers, but Delta
quickly conquered him and her father
rewarded her by making d present OF
the colt.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
A GOOD HARNESS OIL.

Recipe for making harness oil: Take
two quarts of fish-oil. two pounds of
mutton tallow, one pint of castor-oil.
one-quarter pound of ivory black, one
half pound of beeswax, four ounces of
resin, one ounce of Burgundy pitch.
Put these ingredients into an iron ket-
tie, place over slow fire; boil and stir
for half an hour. Let settle for fifteen
minutes, and then pour off all but the
sediment into another vessel Use
cold. After oiling the harness, wipe II
off with a dry rag. Neatsfoot-oil will
answer If fish-oiI is not obtainable
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14

Keep the match box on the outside
of the bedroom door and use nothing
but those matches that can be isnited
| by striking on the box.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14

The farmer gets 10 cents per pound
for turkeys, while Mr.. Cityman pays
90 cents for them at his grocers,. The
difference is the meat trust and the
middlennan.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
tsit is a disea reproducing germ and
4 Re sythwe.niiZ for many yenrs CON

-. sc sthWesmlfZ for many years con-
80 g areful Investigations and ex-
~. n,elss With cnti-toSins and finally
- eyed he had found cure. But it
WIS later found that there were very
..falent outbreaks of the disease upon
va Il the virus had no effect what
y en-
lrlee Dr. Schweinitz's death. Drs
lstf set. Folton and McRryde, Of the
Z rartslient have continued the inves.
.igat ions with every promise that the,
hi finally discovered a methot
Which protects hogs from cholera but
which has not yet been worked out t
4 practical working basis.
Nothing the Department of Agri
culture has done for the benefit Of the
farmers has been OF greater value.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14

Mother-"Wouldn't you like to have
some cream from that pretty white
tow?'
Baby--"No, mama, would rather
have some chocolate from the brown
one
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
SOW MORE CowPEAs.

SOW MORE COwPEAs.
IN the South the COW pea is regard
ns the most valuable forage plant
a;,s san he grown. 1t is rapidly WIN
is3'ag its way in the North, and as
ga is Being developed that Will stand
rs. colder weather it promises to be-
..:s'e eHssal to alfalfa as a stock food.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14
TrIE TOMATOES UsE.

The tomato is good thing. We eaS
it raw like an apple, we stew 1t as b
vegetable; we fry it,as meat; we can
1t for winter use; ana we make 1t into
pickles, preserves, chow-chow, ketchLp
and lots OF other things It comes
early in the summer and stays with liz
until frost, and a little care now will
prolong It's usefulness until December.
We cover our vines with straw frosty
nights, uncovering In the morning; Or,
the fruit may be gathered green and
ripened In tight box. Darkness is
better than light for ripening them.
The only way to get rid OF poison Ivy
is thoroughly to dig It out and dispose
of it root and branch BY burning Or
drying in the sun, says the RurAl News
Yorker. Many persons are not afs
fected by poison Ivy, and have no
hesitation in handling the plant. II
susceptible to the poison 1t is necessary
to wear heavy gloves In handling It.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1907-05-14

A poor man cannot afford to keep
a poor cow.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-05-05

Best to eat "The Sub- Way"