davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Women Wedz Panama Hats

New York women are showing a
strong inclination 20 revive the craze
for Panama hats and Fifth avenue mil
liners are sending orders for big sup
plies OF the fine weave Mrs. Roosevelt
was responsible for the first move.
When she returned from the isthr1us
last summer she brought a genuine
Panama. and her first appearance In It
was a signal to the do-Hkewise clan.
Hers IS trimmed with a sash Of yellow
and brown silk, with fringed edges and
stiff eigrette OF grass ends Mrs.
Longworth is wearning one that carries
band OF plaid ribbon with q quill
while Miss Ethel Roosevelt may be seen
any day riding in a Panama quilted like
her sisters, and held n place with a
long winding veil.
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Circles Around Eyes.

Editor Woman's Inquiry Column:
l. have circles under my eyes What
should 1 use or do 10 take them away7
p What should use 70 make my face,
hands. and neck white?
8. What color do you think suits a
brunette?
1; Could I do anything to make my
balr wave? CLAIRE.
l. These circles may be due to con-
stitutiOnal causes. in which a physi-
clan alone can help you to remove them
Very often, however, sluggish clrcula-
tiOn is responsible for them. when mas
sage viii be Of great use In thelr re-
mOval. With the thumb and torehnSer
OF each hand take up tiny pinches OF
the skin. and with considerable pres
sure bit by bit. go over the whole It's
sue underneath the eyes.
2 Dioxogen IS an excellent bleach tor
the skin. If you find the pure soiu-
ton is a trihe irritating, dilute with
water Apply with a bit or absorbent
cotton.
3. Nothing is more becoming to bru-
nette than blue. Green may be also
worn. particularly bright green. which
brings out the natural oriIiancy OF
clear. dark complexion. All shades OF
red OF course. belong to the brunette
and also cream white.
4. Get from the druggist scent box
of white pine tar; pour the contents
into a bottle Ga quart size or hot water;
let stand until cold The tar Will cling
10 the bottom OF the bottle; do not
shake. as you Will get the fun sub
stance from and strength Of the tar
without shaking. Just use the water
from the tar. To use. put little into
small vessel and rub into the scalT
Of the head and on the hair with a
brush Zone a little larger than a tooth
brush will do). While the hair is wet
push It forward and press 1t with the
fuRerS
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Hat GOSSIP

Either very small or very large Cow
ers are used on summer millinery.
Water lilies and jasmine arc fashion
able, among many other famed flowers.
Damp shade hats" is the name given
TO the glorious mob cap at present In
vogue
The oblong shape is the latest survival
of the mushroom hat.
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Linen Robe Patterns.

In the embroidered linen robe pat
terms are to be found many that will
make UP readily into three-riece cos
tunes or into princess dresses with a
supplementary coat or sleeveless jacket
Some Of these pattern gowns have at
least one embroidered or lace panel that
will extend from the belt 10 the hem
and others a skirt showing entre-doux
Of heavy lace or embroidery which is
repeated IN the jacket trimming and in
the accompanying blouse.
The Washington times., 1907-07-31

remedy except the removal OF the cuti-
Gle, an operation performed by skin
specialists.
>. Take two parts of common soda
and one part pumice stone and one part
finely powdered chalk: sift IL through
a fine sieve and mix II with water, then
rub II we'll over the marble. and the
stains will be removed. finally, wash
the marble over with soap and water,
and II will be as clean as IL was at
first
The Washington times., 1907-07-31

I. Send me a self-aadresCed stamped
envelope for this. o.
.. have never tried the formula you
mention. and so cannot tell you any
thing about H. I can, however, give
YOU a substitute. Put a few drops OF
the tincture OF bcnzOiu into the water
in which the face is bathed. or sponge
it with diluted grain alcohol.
.. 1t Softens the skin and makes IL
less oily 1t should not be used too
often, as IL Is exceedingly drying.
a. Lemon Juice, diluted, Will whiten
the skin. IL Is said. and remove super
fetal blemishes. but I doubt very much
that II will have any effect upon
freckles. The summer freckle viii pass
away Of it's own accord In time. For
the all-yeaT-round freckle there is no
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Rice Paper

The so-called rice paper which Is said
to form the wrapplngs Of cigarettes has
nothing TO do with rice, and is not
made Of the membrane Of the bread
fruit tree. as is believed by some 1t
is manufactured from the pith Of q
plant which is a species OF ivy.
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Meaning Of Names.

Editor Woman's Inquiry Column:
l. II a young man comes 10 see a
girl three times a week. 90 you think
he likes heT7
2. What are the meanings Of these
names: Elizabeth, Mary, Lillian. and
Alice2
g. I know two girls who 90 together
all the time. Don't you think II selfsh7 ?
r. LIS.
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Salute to the Flag.

Editor Womans Inquiry Column;
What are the words OF the salute 10
the flag used in the public schools? L.
The salute to the flag used I'm the
opening exercises Of the schools
throughout New England generally is
Il pledge allegiance to my flag; the re-
public FOR which II stands: one nation
indissoluble, with liberty and justice to
all
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
l. Rather.

7. IldLIItI-
?. Elizabeth is from the Hebrew, and
means worshiper OF God, consecrated
to God; Mary, also from the Hebrew,
means bitter: otherwise their rebellion
or star Of the sea; Lillian comes from
the Latin and means "a lily;" alice
means captivating.
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Lotions for the Skin.

Editor Woman's Inquiry Column:
l. Give me the name Of a scalp >spe-
Cialist
?. My skin is a little oily. DO you
think the following a harmless lotion:
Half ounce tincture benzoin. l dram
uncture musk. drains tinCture OF am
bergris. and 2ik ounces rectidcd spirits ?
g. How does benzoin affect the skin
:. VIII lemon juice remove freckles
.. What will make marble white.
INQUIRER
The Washington times., 1907-07-31

Lemonade is considered a very healthy
beverage, except for people suffering
with the gout or kindred ailments.
Drink al S much Of II as you like.
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
Healthfulness of Lemonade.

Editor Woman's Inquiry Column:
DO you consider lemonade beneficial.
or injurious to the system?
THIRSTY.
The Washington times., 1907-07-31
EDITOR woman's Inquiry Column:

EDITOR WOman's Inquiry Column:
1. What does the word 'samuraT'
mean, and TO what language does 1t
belong?
2 If friend should write a message
stating L would like TO say gOod-by
e'er l leave forever" not saying when
or signing any name, how would you
accept II, as observation-disclosures or what?
CURIOUS.
/. "Samurai' is a Japanese word.
meaning guard. and refers to the mil
itary class IN Japan during the feudal
period. Originally the term denoted the
soldiers who guarded the MikadO's pal
ace; later II was applied 10 the whole
military system and included % the
shOgun, or cOmmander-in-chief; ~
diamiof. or territorial mobiles, and (9
their retainers, the privileged two
sworded meu-the fighting men, the
gentlemen, and the scholars OF the
country. In 1868 the shotgun was abol-
ished and in 1871 the whole feudal syB-
TEN; tho diamiOs returned their lands
10 the Emperor and they and their re-
taIners We're granted pensions. The
practice OF wearing swords was pro-
hibited Finally, in 1873. the names
diamio and samurai were changed to
kwayokU or nobility, and shiyOh, or
gentry, respectively.
2 l should accept il as an extreme
form Of mental alteration.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-09-16
DR.. Rafael del Vale.
HimnO al trabajO.
(Tercer premiO--Margarita de oro)

iCumple la ley sagrada del trabajol
Sc Ia cortante hoz cuyo tsjo
En- pan Sc lorna la madura espiga;
Reja que surque los fecundos campos
Para que el sol irise con sus lanpos
Las gotas de sudor de til fatiga.
TIL vida ca la molicie rezagada
Es iemora al progreso; tersa espada
de empufadura fna reluciente,
Sujeta la panoplia, junto al muro,
Pero jamas ennoblecida al duro
Ejefcitado embate del valiente
Gotta de lluvia que en- esteril llano
Qued6 engarzada sobre el dorso plano
De alg1n guijarro que en- el llano habfa
Chispa de luz perdida en- la tiniebla
que no supo veneer la densa niebla
Para aumentar la claridad del dia.
Tus horas de indolencia no son tuyas.
Y es impiedad que en- tu defensa arguyas
Que has llamado y tn voz no Sc escuchara.
Dios, que en- la inmeusa eternidad nos guia,
Responde con amor al que confia
En- el sfmbolo blanco de su ara
Trabaja, luchs vence. No le temas
A la implacable llama en- que te quemas
Como inocente condeuado al fuego.
NADIA altera Ia marcha de los mundos,
Y Dios, en- los designios mas profundos,
Una dadiva prende en- cada ruego.
81 eres soberbio, Ia humildad te escude
Siendo el guerrero que al combate scude
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-09-16

-Vuesas mercedes dicen francas verdades,
en- mi anima las .tebgo por bien sabidas
hogalo son amargas las realidades:
va no vibra en- los campos Ell las ciudades
el aliento fecundo de nuestras vidas
que fciera gloriosas otras edades;
va no hay hadas fermosas en- los vergeles,
nj beldades gimientes en- los torreones,
nj endiablados Merlines tras los broqueeS,
nj andantes caballeros en- sus bridones. :.
Desdefando la fama we'd los donceles
en- prosaico combate por los dobones.
lQue Sc han fecho los lauros del heroismo?
Los pueblos, dirigidos por rabadanes
entyeganse al grosero mercantilismo
Sc mofan cutados! de nuestros names
Ayuntados la envda ell egoismo
denigran la aventura de los batanes. :.
Mas va que en- estos tempos tan desdichados
toconos ell olvido por mala suerte
en- la sombra vivimos arrinconados,
mostremos el empuje del varon fuerte
que es robe inquebrantable frente los hados
asi, no Sc doblega, nj aun la muerte!-
Apenas Sc apagara su ativo acento
llegando los mas hondo del sentimiento,
la grave asamblea torn6 Ell reposo.
NADIA turba 10 augusta de aquel momento.
Solo afuera con giro vertginoso,
sus silbantes pulmones expande el viento.
Mas de pronto, rotundo, con furia estalla
el grito formidable de una batalla;
el eco rumoroso de lejos viene. $3.50.
Es que al flu ESpartaco su voz no acalla
un pueblo esclavizado su honor mantiene
con el ruido estridente de la metralla
Oh belleza de nuevos, gratos verdores
que la TERRA matiza con sus colores
Oh dulces energias primaverales
donde laten en- gerneu las estivales
Oh poder de los brotes estremecidos,
que revienta en- las pomas como en- los nidos!
Habladme de aquel grito... Yo no 10 intento,
porque el milagro abisma mi pensamiento
Solo Sc que en- las armas, antes medrosas
arderon bizarrias maravillosas
que el invierno rugoso silv6 un lamento,
el lanz6n quijc tesco Sc orn6 de rosas
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-09-16

Parece una eScultura
Que apenaS toca con su planta el sueo
Que una oraci6n inedita murmura
Que va a subir tras su oracion al cielo
En- la alta DIVA, el roset6n tornado
De vldrios de colores
Tamiza un rayo del celeste Osiris.
En- recta Inca ell amhito atraviesa,
Con los labos fantasticos del iris
La casta frente de la virgen besa
Y desciende sus pies, fernando alfombra
De luminosas flores
En- que resbala su aotante sombra.
Etnocion de profunda marava
Seuti al Yer suS cOntornoS sobrehumanoS
Hinque al suelo Ia tremula rodilla,
Doble en- el pecho las crispadas manos
Y, traves de mi absorto pensamiento,
VI en- torno levsntarse
Como en- nuevo febril renacimiento,
81 espendor grandioso del pasado.
Los retablos de lauguidos esbozos
Tomaron presto colorido intense,
En- nube azul difIndese el incienso
Y Sc desata el organo en- sollozoS,
Y el campanario estremecido entouces
Al conjuro del cantico del coro
Lansa al espaco en- sus vibrantes bronces
FL repique del aAngelusO sonoro -.
Despues como el paisae de colores
A la luz de Bengala apArecido
Queda en- la soinbra nocturnal hunddo
Cuando apaga la luz sus respandores,
Cantos, vision, y rezos espejismo
Volvieron la NADIA
Y recobr6 la iglesia abandonada
Su tristeza letal su quietismo
lFue aquello realidad? iFue transitoria
Suggestion, trav's de Ia distancia,
no 5,,In Al t.Eo
Que conserva latentes la memora?
lEs que del temple el espleudor 10 aviva
I-'ael idolo inconscente
De adusta faz y de nimbada frente;
Sino esa fe expontanea y subjetiva
Que al Dios ignoto en- Ia creacion presiente,
Esa fe, que los simbolos ajena,
Es la mente anhelo esperanza,
Y aunque 10 arcane comprender no alcanza
Con honda aspiration el temple llena
Marposa de luz entretegida,
Flor impalpable de perfumes hecha,
Dulce nota en- el eter suspendida,
Llama del ser en- 10 intimo encendida
Yque la humana imposition desecha.
Rebosante de ensuefos ideales
Traspasa los umbrales
De la antigua pagoda y la mezquta.
Sc COLUMBIA en- las vicjas catedrales
Y en- la Acr6polis griega resucits
Jamas Sc inquieta por la absurda histeria
Que tras el sueho de la muerte augura
Cieos henchidos de perenne gloria
Y despiadados antros de tortura
Mas sublime, mas alta su cieencia
La duda orone al legendario rito,
Tiene un ministro nada mas, la ciencia,
Tn solo santuario, la concienca,
Tn altar increado, 10 infinite!
DR.. Rafael del Vale.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1907-09-16
Eugenio Asto1.
(Segundo premio.- -C1ave1 de oro.)

LIegue al umbral de la mansion sagrada.
La mole suntuosa
Por Ia pledad de una centuria alzada,
Fue tras otra centuria borrascosa
Por la misma piedad abandonada,
Y en- vez de ser la bienhechora tienda
Que reuniera las gentes del contorno
Vulgar superstition forjaba en- torno
Yo no sc que fatidica leyenda.
FL alto campanario
Que en- otra edad, en- horas vespertinas,
Convocaba los ieles al rosario,
Era no mas que albergue hospitalario
De iuquietas golondrinas;
Y en- las oScuras piedras
De cornisas y ARGOS y volutas
Crecian a monton yerbas hirsutas
Y trepadoras yedras.
Yo penetre en- la nave soIitaria,
La nave escultural que en- otros dfas
Arrullaban alegres melodfas
Y Ell zumbido de abejas la plegaria.
Callado el coro, el pebetero frfo,
El altar sin blandones nj esculturas,
Desgarradas las viejas ooIgaduras
Y hasta el ambiente tetrico sombrlo,
Sensation pavorosa de vacio
Ashxiaba en- la mente
81 fervor religioso del creyente
tEn d6nde brilla el oriental lucero
Cuya lumbre divina
Tlumiuo los magos el sendero
Hasta el remote fin de PasleStina9
iD6 esta la fe1-tque vinculo INSECURE
AL humane artefacto la eslabona
Que al agrietarse de la iglesia el muro
Ella tambien las naves abandona2
81 alguna vez el fatalismo ciego
Propende su desdoro
Debiera 6rme levantarse luego
Como al pasar por el horror del fuego
Surge mas puro del crisol el orc!
Asi peuse, pero q mi empeho rudo
De abrir Ia verdad canino cierto,
Quedaba todo indifereute mudo
Cual muda esta la esfuge del desierto. .
De subito, distancia, en- la indecisa
Penumbra que circuye el santuario
Cual creaci6n de invisible estatuario
Una imagen extrafa Sc divisa.
Gallarda, erguida, esbelta
La faz al cielo vuelts,
Dirijidos los ojos la slturs,
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20
Wonderful Eczema Cure.

"Our little boy had eczema for five
years." writes N. A. Adams, Henrietta,
Pa. "Two of our home doctors said the
case was hopeless, his lungs being effec-
ted. We then employed other doctors
but no benefit resulted. By chance we
read about Electric Bitters; bought a
bottle and soon noticed improvement.
We continued this medicine until sever
al bottles were used, when our boy was
completely cured" Best of all blood
medicines and body bnilding health tom
les. Guaranteed at Evans Drug Co.'s
store. so cents. m
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20

sumo OF The DEALS THAT MADE
HARTMAN FAMOUS.
Inc Notorious Chicago Alton Swim
die Nets COnSpirdiorS S2J,O0O,-
900. With Millions of Other pco-
pies f'Oney FrCnZied Finance
Becomes EASY.

Mr.. +. II. Hartman is president and
chairman OF the executive Committee of
the Union Pacific. president OF the Ore.
gon Shof. and chairman Of the ex-
ecu'ive committee of the Southern Pa.
cltic. In 1901 it appears that the Union
Pacific was bonded for 800 600 900 and
the Oregon Short Line for $45, 900 900.
This made huge total wholly in the
hands OF Mr.. Hartman and his asso-
ciates to use, and they used it to buy and
sell other railroad properties. They
were independent OF banks and trust
companies, of bank examiners and gov
ernment or state agents.
With this they made famous the cor.
ner in Northern Pacific, and, though
they lost control, they came out with an
enormous profit. subsequently tie deals
in Baltimore & Ohio and Illinois Central
were made, and probably best Of all was
the deal in Chicago & Alton.
This road they bought for $50 900, 900.
dividend of thirty per cent. was de.
clared out OF bond issue Of $40, 900 ,OO0
They sold most OF these bonds to them
selves at sixty.fiye cents and then un-
loaded fourth of them onto the New
York Life, which they practically con.
troled, at ninety-six cents.
The Chicago & Atoms Liabilities in six
years were increased to 1923 ,0O0. 900,
The common stock for which they had
paid Sl75 per share was left not with a
dollar. Improvements which the old
management had made out OF earnings
were at once charged to stock. A large
block OF the stock W AS sold to the Union
Pacific, and Mr. Hartman and his CO.
workers pocketed profits to the amount
Of over S23 100000
This is railroad high finance, These
men were not using their own money,
but they used what was essentially a
trust fund to their own benefit. They
used the money OF one railroad Of which
they we've officials to buy another rail-
road, and watered the stock, which they
then sold to the first road.
These are railroad kings, ,multi-mllon-
aires. The watered stock pumped into
the Alton will help 'orm the basis of
freight rates the people will be asked to
pay, and nobody is in Jail except the
man who stole bread to keep his family
from starving.
But the moral of the tale that has been
unfolded through the interstate COM
merce commissions investigation, of
which this is but part, is that the rail-
road kings of this country have not made
their millions through legitimate rail-
roading, but by such manipulations as
these Of Mr.. Hartman.
They do not come by transportation
earnings or dividends, but by using one
railroad as basis for trading in the
stocks OF other roads and loading them
for cash with pure water, on which all
future generations must pay dividends.
Is it not time such finance was stopped
and railroading made an honest and
legitimate business? - Duluth News.
Tribune.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20
MISTAKES IN LAWS.
More Errors Discovered in New
School Laws

OLYMPIA, May 1S.-More errors OF the
recent legislature were discovered today
at the office OF the attorney general with
relation to the four new laws amending
the code OF public education. Chapters
81 and 240 OF the 1907 laws both purport
to amend section Is OF the code; chapters
l0l and 240 both contain different amend.
ments OF sections III and 12l of the code
and chapters So and 240 of the new laws
have different amendments of section 1877
of the code, while chapter 240 of the new
laws attempts to amend section l65 of
the code, although that code section was
repealed in 1908. AS the four new school
laws referred to take effect the same
day, considerable confusion will result as
to which is to be considered the real law,
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20
If You Don't

succeed the first time, use Herbine and
you will get instant relief. The greatest
liver regulator. A positive cure for Con-
stipation. Dyspepsia, Malaria, Chills and
all liver complaints. Mr.. c., OF Emory,
Texas, writes: "My wife has been using
Herbine for herself and children for five
years. 1t is a sure cure for constipation
and malaria fever, which is substantiated
by what it has done for my family"
Sold by all druggists. M
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20

fly to left. Nothing was doing until the
ninth, although time and again hit
would have won. In the ninth Fitzger-
aid hit one over the fence for two sacks
and came home on a wild throw-over
the first baseman's head by Mr.. Gra-
ham, Brown going to second, Starkell
sacrificed Brown to third, Van Buren,
walked, Mahon went out Kililay to
first, Anderson was hit by pitched ball;
this filled the bases and only a safety
wac needed to tie the score and maybe
to win; the old reliable Householder
went to the plate and the way he hit
that ball made the fans forget Mike
Lynch and his mighty swats: the ball
went away out into right field on line,
and fell into the willing hands OF one
Irby, and the fans wept.
The series resulted in three games for
the Lumbermen and two for the Miners.
Boettger hurt his hand in the third
inning, and Brown took his place behind
the plate and in the eighth foul tip hit
him on the instep, injuring him 30 badly
he may be out OF the game for several
days.
Seattle lost to Tacoma yesterday, con.
sequently the Lumbermen are still the
champions.
The locals 60 to Tacoma tomorrow for
six games with the Tigers; Seattle goes
to Vancouver, and Spokane and Butte
play at Spokane.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20
Chamberlain Colo, Cholera and
Diarrhoea Remedy.

There is probably no medicine made
that is relied upon with more implicit
confidence than Chamberlain's Collie,
Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy. Dur
ing the third OF century in which it has
been in use, people have learned that it
is the one remedy that never fails.
When reduced with water and sweeten
ed it is pleasant to take. For sale by
Evans Drug Co. m
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20

Inc game was iull OIL good plays, some
of them sensational. In the fifth inning
Bell hit one out to Van Bnren that looked
as though it would 90 away over the tall
center lielder's head; Van had to run
back for it and then jump to get it; he
grabbed it with his left hand while in
the air, fell, rolled over, but held the
ball. In the sixth Cartwright sent hot
grcunder to Fitzgerald at third and that
nifty third sacker made the most sensa-
tional stop Of it seen on the grounds, and
getting his man at first. In the seventh
wilkins hit line drive over fr.t 80 fast
it smoked, but the rubber kid" Streib
went up in air and brought down the
ball-amid the plaudits OF the multitude.
If anybody is dissatisfied with the class
OF ball played here last week he will be
dissatisfied with the fit OF his angelic
robes in Heaven.
The first two men at bat for Butte
walked, the next man struck out, Hernig
then raped out two bagger over third,
and both men scored. Butte annexed
no more runs until the eighth, when
Donovan got to first on a tumble OF his
grounder, went to second on sacrifice
hit, scoring on Cartwright's single.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20

during the entire week. In the eleventh
the victory went to the Bandits, but
from start TO finish it was heart dis
ease affair.
Nearly every PLAYER on each club sig
na!ly distinguished himself Friday.
Seemingly impossible stunts were pulled
off with unhearl-oi frequency, and the
TWO errors were of no consequence what
ever.
Graham played sensational game at
third base, as did Fitzgerald, Anderson
made some unusual ASST Sts. and Mahon,
Brown, Van Buren,, Irbv and Herwig
brought the crowd to It's feet by brilliant
fielding. 1t was by long odds the great.
est game OF hall ever played here.
Twenty-three men died on bases, which
tells the story OF The fine fielding exhibi-
ton.
Tonneson pitched a better game than
lloon, but the Bandits nosed out. Score,
4 to 3.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1907-05-20

Another OF those thrilling,
nerve-racking games took
place between Butte and
Aberdeen yesterday at f.iec-
tric park, the visitors win
ming 8 to 2.