The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-10-08
Nlr crAa,. ArsunrnL

EtHLSEE AFFAs aA II Et# AH&~& &f*
Point edition - your EssrfhluE
and a. expected from the f~s
~Gltfursts ~ .a4 had seen l1 the
newspapers. fruns i Ecry later
estlnK paper. ts~ Articles Indicating 3
wide range of Information On thc p&rt
II the editor ALL a viEor IN eLgusius
the errors 81 newspapers and cot
respondents which - refreshing Bat
I discovered that hufnanaI esi trFarv
is a. true in one new spAIcr 1TNGc a.
in another. ana your article entities
Some Things About TIE Cousatu-
ton" satisfies me- that A8u have rot
escaped the ~blishtug effects o. thai
I educational crusade which has beea
laboring for years - nti the minds
or our people Win mtsscrrereaia
tons as u the origin and rat.re Z
our political institutions Hence a.
the spirit and temper revealed IN ur
editorials leavss no doubt that ysn
have little patience with what you
hold TO be errors. I feel that you VIII
pardon mo for calling your attention
TO some occurrence IN this country
which need t. be taken into account
when we are considering whether
the Constitution or tho United States
IS ~ YOU claim. the Conscience of
tho Nation" / viii endeavor 20 De
brief. for although a considerable vol-
ume would be needed 10 do fun Jus
tice To the subject. q few cuttings from
4 our history viii s1lIlNG ioi my present
purpose.
j.. When John Hancock was Cover
nor Of Massachusetts. a suit against
his state was commenced by the court
OF the United States. tSee The Lives
Of the SiRncrs. etc) and he was sum
none upon a writ, al Governor. 10
answer the prosecution: but he re-
sisted the process. and maintained In
violate the sovereignty al the Com
monwealth." The court. the Congress
and the President yielded and respect
for the sovereignty OF tho individual
States led 10 the adoption OF tho
eleventh amendment 10 the Federal
Constitution.
.. AS soon as tho new government
or the more perfect Union" was or
ganized. the Congress. led by Alcxan-
der Hamilton, assumed the debts of
the individual States; thus exercising
a power which had been in the Con-
vention Of 1881 deliberately excluded
from the frame Of government
8 IN 1903 the Louisiana territory
was purchased from France. although
President jefferson admitted in a let
ter to Senator Breckenridge. OF Ken
lucky, that the purchase YVES not aa-
thorized by the Constitution
4. Adopting and emphasizing the
doctrine that no Colony ought TO be
taxed Without its consent" trainers Of
the Federal Constitution embedded in
IL hat taxation and representation"
should go together; but from 1924 10
1888 Virginia. North Carolina, SOUTH
Carolina and Georgia were taxed not
only without their consent but in
spite e their protests.
5. Between 1850 and 1850 thirteen
Northern States nullIfied that pro-
vision OF the Constitution which
bound them 10 surrender fugitires
from labor, although all their law
49,, az. ,-.- hAtvpI Err au Y4a To gssn-
port the Federal Constitution.
6. II 1859 two Of john Browns
accomplices fled from Virginia, one
to Ohio and tho other to Iowa. and
the Governors Of those States re-
fused 10 comply with the acquisitions
for them after they had been indict-
ed in a Virginia court. although those
Governors were bound BY an oath to
surrender them.
Z. In 1861 President Lincoln au-
thoriZed a subordiuate officer e sus-
pend the writ Of habeas corpus. al
though Mr.. Lincoln could not consti-
~tutionaIly suspend II himself without
authority from the Congress.
8. In 1861 President Lincoln block
AIDED the ports Of North Carolina
while the state was q member Of the
Federal Union, thus exercising q
power which was never conferred on
any department or officer OF the Fed
cral government
.. The Constitution confcrs upon
the Congress tie exclusive power to
make rules concerning captures on
land and water. but in 1861 Prcsi-
captured on a Confederate priyateer
should betreated as pirates.
10. The Constitution c~oufers upon
the Congress the exclusive power To
raise and support armies" ana TO
provide and maintain 3 nayy." but
in May. 1861. President Lincoln. with
out constitutional authority, IN
creased the regular army by the add
ton Of 22,714 men. and the navy b.
an addition IF 1900 men
II. The Constitution 3 clares that
no money shall be drawn from the
treasury bu, IN consequence Of appro-
~priations made b. law" but President
Lincoln. before the meeting Of the
Congress Ii 1861. drew money out ~
the treasury. placed IL in the hands
OF recruiting officers. and sent them
Ito certain points OF the country" u
enlist men for the army.
10 The Constitution contains the
mutual covenant Of the states that u
a person charged with treason ~ one
or them fees 10 another. the other.
on ur1per demand, shall surrender him
To the aggrieved state bit IL 1856
several Northern States II agents
into tfe Southern State - hire men
10 n9E0TlE IF6iAB&E - t'iE-A N3NFGs
% The Con%stitut!sn provides tina,
the Fedora authorize Eaa not de-
pr.ve any person -of lie liberty Or
property without due .~roccss ~ Law
thaf no person shall be hell Il an
swcr for q capita Or otherwise lufa-
nous crime. unless On . p-reseutu.ent
or an Indictment Of a graut Jery
and tha accused persons "sEaH enjoy
the right 70 2 speed% trial. bt.t -
1861 several fBndred gentlemen. In
cladiag Mr. Charie j IEgersOii ~
Philadelphia. were arrested b. Fed
eraI military offers AID confined
for months In Fort NcHeary and other
prisons. there having bean ~ present
meut or indictment ~ Z grand jury.
And these prisoners were deferred
from employing attorneys. denied the
right r. = trial ir . court ~ f~Hzffre
or 70 seek redress IN any court for the
wrongs done them.
Ia. The Constitution declares thai