The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-12-29

The lea-ae a -1rGanissd IN abtut b year.
ana ENFoDe then found itaeif redivided iof
a shots time 10 the, old way rance and
savoy with England and the other Pro
testant Powers being on one side. while
the House OF Austria In Germany and Spain.
with the Italian municipalities. were on the
other.
Poor and exhausted ms the Iberian PENN
sula was. the lsbOrs Of Olivaree In the d.
roction Of ecOnom had not been quite
without results, and with great efforts
funds we're raised to present TO tho enemies
Of tho faith a front worthy Of Spanish
traditions. For once the energy Of Olivares
was felt in all branches OF tho Spanish SER
vice. IL was as II the times " Philip III.
had returned. Feria and SpinOla. the
latter on land. the former at sen, forced
the French to abandon heir conQueets' In
the Valtelline and Genoa. Spain. In a
fever of pride and utilization. hailed the
young King. n personally had done
nothing and had never left Madrid. N
Phillip the Great and Olivares caused
the title 70 be accorded officially to his
young master. After a time the diplomacy
OF the Spanish Queen Of France and OF
OHvareE did sven more to end the war
than the skill Of spanish Generals and
Admirals. Richelieu was a Cardinal and
could no. entirely ignore the remonstrances
Of the Pope. prompted by Olivares. against
his making common cause with heretics
to fight The orthodox Catholic Powers. and
a treaty between France and Spain was
patched up in January. 1929. with regard
to the Vaftelline. on the condition that
Catholics should enjoy there full liberty Of
conscience on payment Of a tribute to the
Protestant Grisons. %
In Germany the war. now mainly a re-
ligious One--the memorable Thirty Years
War-weut on, and the arms Of the En-
peror were to a great extent successful,
thanks to the genius of TiIly and the ample
aid in men and money poured into mid
Europe by Spain. Spanish resources were
also taxed for the purpose OF carrying on
war with the Dutch. who az of yore were
upheld by their brother Professionals in
England and France. Once more the Dutch
privateers harried Spanish commerce. and
again all traffic between Holland and Spain
was prohibited, to SPANS detrimsDt. Even
hero. however. the now born and short lived
squirt Of energy favored Spanish arms.
for Don Fadrique de Toledo destroyed the
Dutch feet OF Gibraltar and SpinoIa ut
last captured Breda. To complete the
record Of SPANS unwonted success the
Dutch were expelled from 0uayaduiI in
South America and from Puerto Rico
In the West Indies. and the Moorish pirates
who had harried the Spanish ports for
years were crushed by the galleys Of Philip
w. SPANS enemies, on the OtSsF 'nd.
never at this time captured a s., rip.
IL II noteworthy that SPANS aich
on the accession Of Philip Nv. consisted
OF only seven vessels. had risen in 1925 to
lO8 ships OF war at sea. without counting
the vessels In the waters II Flanders. More
over. in the year named Spain had nearly
SOO.OOO infantry and cavalry in her pay
and over 500. 900 men Of the militia under
arms, while her Eortresses we're being put
into a thorough state Of defence.
The political blindness that afflicted
Philip ~, in common with other Spaniards
OF the day, is ~strikingly exhibited in the
gratnlatory spirit with which the facts
just mentioned were set forth in a docu-
ment addressed TO the Council of CASTLE.
As Mr.. Hume points out. the liberty or
supremacy OF the Valtelline Catholics
mattered not a iot to Spain. The religious
faith of Bohemia and the Palatinate was
equally foreign TO purely Spanish interests
while Il must have been patent to all but
S~paniards that a recognition Of the indie
pendence Of Protestant Holland. which
IL was now clear Spain could never pre-
vent, would have resulted in a perfectly
honorable peace in that direction and
would nave freed Spain from the drain
which was e~xhausting her. Yet in the
document just referred to, n in scores
OF other papers of the period emanating
from Philip or his Minister, there is not
one word to indicate any idea hat il might
be unwise or understandable to lead
uffering Spain to utter ruin for the sake
Of ohampioning the Catholic faith and oil
the political causes masqueradinR under
its name in any part Of Europe. II was
soon to be demonstrated, however, that
the extent and scattered position of SPANS
vast territories were a source Of weakness
rather than Of strength; that Philip Nv. in
was far from being more power
full, a. OIivares had boosted, han all his
enemies together: but that. on the con-
trary, France or England alone could raise
from their own resources, homogeneous
and commercially prosperous as those
countries were. larger and steadier con-
tributions than could disunited Spain.
I'M especially ruined CASTLE. while the
hope OF extOrting heavy grants Of men
and money from the eastern realms Of
the peninsula CAragOn, Catalonia and
Valencisl was presently shown to DO with
foundation.
~.
Now let US see what the situation was
toward the close Of the two decades during
which Olivares remained in power. IL was
a dismal story that Philip Nv. had TO tell