Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1907-04-20

nitrntcs, ores, and heavy produce will
I probably become infected with all of
/ the quarantinable diseases.
OF the ports of North America,
Vancouver. Seattle, and San Francis
co are known from a quarantine
standpoint as tourist and immigra-
ton ports.
Doubtless after tho isthmian canal
il completed Port Townsend, Port
land. Los Angeles, and San Diego will
be similarly designated. These tour
isl md immigration ports" are the
Eastern termini of the principal pas
spnrrr and freight lines which ply
hutwecn the OCCidcnt and the Orient.
\ large number of tourists pass
through these ports every year, en-
route to or from the Orient or Aus
tralasia.
The tourist is an important factor
in quarantine work In the Pacific
Arena. because such a person is in
variably bound for or returning from
the principal disease Centers, and his
object. the observation of foreign
places, people. and customs, and the
purchase of articles of interest. en-
tails an unusual and marked contact
with an environment which usually
presents q high ratio OF Infection
Owing to the steadily increasing
tourist traffic in the Pacific Arena,
the large modern Ocean-carrier Is
coming more and more into use be-
tween the tourist ports" and the
Orient. These great steamers bring
large numbers of immigrants from
the Orient, and also the bulk of tho
Oriental freight.
Therefore the tourist ports" are
important In n quarantine sense on
account of the hazard caused by the
periodical arrival of the large ocean
carriers bringing tourists, immi-
grants, and freight direct from the
Oriental disease centres.
The North American ports, on the
other hand, are as a rule remarkably
free from infection with the quaran-
Unable diseases, and one might be
led to regard them rs unimportant
from quarantine standpoint but for
the fact that they are the transship-
ping points for the whole continent
Of North America. from the furthcst
limit of which transportation can be
effected in Ave or six days by trail.
This fact makes 1t possible for
rerson having been exposed in New
York City to the infection of small
poN, disease having an incubation
period of from ~ to II days, to
reach Honolulu before the disease
manlfcsts itself.
The Asiatic ports are naturally the
most important points from which to
expect Infection from all of the quar-
Gntinable diseases save yellow fever.
The Philippine Island ports on ac-
count of the rigid outgoing quaran-
tine operated from these points by
the Public Health and Marine Hospi-
tai Service have never given special
concern.
The japanese ports, despite the
high order of quarantine and internal
sanitation practiced in those places
are dangerous on the whole, both by
reason of their close proximity to
China, and by the heavy traffic al
ways existing between Japan and
China on the one hand and Japan and
the United States on the other. The
Australasian ports, particularly sgd
ncy, Melbourne, and Auckland, at
least so far AS plague is concerned,
are practically in the same class with
those of Japan. The South American
ports are danger points of great i'm
portance on account of smallpox, yell
low fever, and plague prevailing IN
those places, greater part of the
time. The Isthmian ports are destin-
ed, however, to be the points from
which the infection of the Pacific
Arena with yellow fever is most like
ly to occur.
The Alaskan ports are in the same
class with those of Manchuria and
the Straits or Malay Peninsula Set
Elements, being only tributary to rec
ogniZed Transatlantic routes.
II viii he seen from this general
mention of the present and prospect
i've trade in the Pacific Arena and its
probable effect upon quarantine con-
ditions. that practical and successful
measures to meet said conditions
must be operated upon schematic
system. This schematic system
should be devised with II view to its
being conducted from central or
Vantage point. This vantage point
may be considered and termed as
strategic. and as such will now be
described.
THE STRATEGIC QUARANTINE