davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31
THE GREAT HOUSE OF THE RUINED CITY.

stretch of country is brought under
view. On the east is the broad valley
of the ella river, rising in a great plain
to a distant range of mountains. About
a mile and q half to the north fringe
of cottonwood trees marks the course Of
the river, beyond which the plain con-
tinues, broken somewhat by hills and
buttes, until the view is closed by. the
Superstition mountains. On the north
west the valley of the ella river runs
into the horizon, with a few buttes here
and there On the west lies range of
mountains, closing the valley in that d.
rection, while toward the southwest and
south it extends until in some places it
meets the horizon, while in other places
1t Is closed by ranges Of mountains, blue
and misty in the distance"
The accounts of visitors to this particular
ancient town on the banks Of the ella river
trickle along the course of time since
white men landed in the new world
When the adventurous members of Coro-
nados expedition in 1910 braved the scorch-
ing sands Of the north Mexican desert they
halted in amaZement at the ruins of long
deserted, sand-topped city hiding the
crets of a people older than the Indians.
Castaneda, the scribe of the invasion,
wrote with appreciate ton of the relic of
supposed fortress which had been destroyed
long before by barbarous tribes, perhaps
ANCESTORS of the Apaches. In 1894 Jesuit
father, wandering in penance, chanted
mass within It's walls, recalling the spirits
of departed chiefs, of whom there is left
no written record. While the white colo
nists of New England were struggling in
1878 to throw off yoke binding them to
Europe an ecclesiast Padre Font was liV-
ing In a room of the Casa Grande, writing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

houses" which may hold the solution to the
makeup of the whole city.
What sort of people were these first Amer
leans who have left only silent evidence of
their pre-Columbian life? 1t is established
that they were ancestors of the Indians
that they bore little resemblance either to
Asiatics or to Africans. Wherever they
came from originally, they must have been
Americans for a large total of generations.
Closely allied to the Pima tribe of the pres
ent day. conservative estimates would place
their number we'll up into thousands in
each city.
1t has been a pet theory of ethnologists to
account for these vast western ruins by
series OF many occupations of the same
Site marking each return by the construc-
ton of temple" or a gathering place"
or compound as Dr. Fewkes has term
ed these large blocks Of buildings. One
relic, at least, speaks of a vast popua-
ton in words that are clear-the network
of irrigation bitches constructed from the
Gila and Salt rivers. Dug. they must
have been, with crude stone implements.
the dirt was. then laboriously carried away
in baskets strung across the backs of the
women. Imagination will conjure up the
number Of workers necessary to complete
in this manner a ditch found by Mr., Cush-.
ing, traceabe, at least circulation, for
thirty-eight miles
All the Arizona Investigations of the
Smithsonian Institution are being conducted
with scientific caution. Much Of the labor
is performed by Indians, who are perhaps
the descendants of the very men whose
homes they are unearthing. Such relics as
have been discovered will be carefully
shipped to the National Museum to be COM
pared by experts with other specimens of
Indian work. DR.. Fewkes has reserved his
own conclusions until the completion of
the excavations, when whatever definite
theories he may have established will be
embodied in a complete report on the Casa
Grande and its vicinity.
One of his most recent letters to Secretary
Walcott says:
Il believe the excavation and protection
of the ruins on the Casa Grande reservation
zeal work the Smithsonian has ever under
taken and If completed as begun will be
valuable contribution to the advance
ment of knowledge among men,. Allow me
to emphasize one feature Of the archeolog-
ical work of the Smithsonian at Casa
Grande this winter. So far as l know up
to the present year no museum, institution
or private worker has ever done anything
to protect and preserve walls Of buildings
In southwestern ruins brought to light by
excavations, but have left them to be de-
stroyed by the elements
by protecting the walls, as well as speci-
mems found In archaeological excavations,
the institution has inaugurated a new epoch
in southwestern field work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

turer has been very busy on little SOO-ton
steamer called the Alfred Nobel, which lay
in the docks at Blackwell, Lo- don-a mere
toy under the mighty hull of the Tintagel
Castle. For some time the Alfred Nobel
had been in the hands of contractors, who
We're fitting into her all kinds of salvage
appliances-powerful pumps, triple expan-
sion engines. great searchlghts, air COM
pressors and winches, which latter, 1t is
eventually hoped, will be called upon to
raise masses of treasure from comparative
ly shallow water.
Gardeners new command is precisely the
kind of little vessel one would think is cut
out for success. A queer little craft; some
parts of her resemble yacht. For exam
pie, there are elegant satinwood cabins,
electric fans and brocaded curtains. On
the other hand, besides all the businessike
appliances, there is a complete Marconi in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

the deeds OF a nation whose prestige had
already waned at the approach of a might
Ter tribe.
- X
In 1S48 "army Of the west of this ad-
vahcing mightier tribe conquered these tot
tering walls and the territory surrounding
them. Lieut.. Emory and Lieut.. Johnston Of
this army saw and wrote of the ruins, and
Maj. John Russell Bartlett later described
them with admiration. Mr.. A. F. A. Ban
delier, travelling for the Archaeological In
stitute of America, was the next to mention
them in notes on trip as far south as Cen
trail America. These accounts were fol-
lowed by a partial report In 1888 by Mr..
Frank. Hamilton Gushing Of the "Hemen-
way southwestern archaeological expedi-
ton from which the party returned laden
with specimens Of carved stone implements,
highly decorated pottery and burial urns,
but, above all, with a vivid description of
the customs of the extinct people Of the
region. In settling up affairs of this ex-
petition DIR. Fewkes came into actual touch
with the archaeology Of Arizona.
The Hemenway explorations were general.
The work of DR.. r'ewkes is limited to the
buried city about Casa Grande, which he
firmly believes, as he writes to the Smith
sonian, will be one Of the great spectacles
Of the region-"an American Pompeii for
sightseers as well object lesson for
students of American archaeology and his
tory.
THE Casa Grande group Of mounds" he
says, lis composed of three walled clusters
Of buildings or compounds, now for the
most part buried in the EARTH In his re-
ports he has labeled them compounds A, B
and c. Compound A. he is excavatng;
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

in the bottle and the other in the paper
bag into which he emptied the penny
WORTH Then, without word of comment
on this extraordinary performance, he
handed the bag to my aunt"
The workmen's compensation act should
put an end to examples Of meanness such
as the following:
Early one morning a bricklayer was going
up scaffoldng with a hod Of bricks when
he fell to the ground, sustaining broken
leg and other injuries. The master builder,
who was notorious foS, his closefistedness
visited the hospital % which the poor fell
low had been taken. and. approaching the
latter's bedside, observed, How on earth
did you manage it, jim" Sheer accident.
sir-I slipped" replied the sufferer. family
"Oh, well, you know, you should have been
more careful said the master builder
Every brick in the hod was broken. and
1 find by the time sheet that you had not
earned enough to pay for them, but as you
are injured won't press the matter further
you may pay for them gradually when
you recover."-The Captain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31
SEARCH FOR SUNKEN TREASURE ON OCEANS FLOOR

great number Of bars Of copper pure tin
and some tons of silver ore taken out of
her. But this was before the vessel broke
up, and the rest of her silver treasure,
amounting to about sos 600 worth, still re-
mains.
The fourth wreck is the Wilhelm Der
Secunda, ashore at Martha's Point. For
two whole seasons she was sought, and ul-
timately discovered by the Dutch diver.
Steyn. She is known to have carried over
100000 worth Of gold and diamonds. much
OF 1t captured from three pirates in the
waters round about Java and the Dutch
indies generally. Diver Steyn recovered
several silver bars with his own hands but
no regular work has so far been under
taken, as the necessary appliances were
lacking:
The Crayenstein, also sought by the new
expedition, was an armed merchantmen
belonging to the government Of the Neither
iands' and was wrecked so long ago as $685.
II was in January of last year that Cant.
Gardiner located the remains of this shin
In six fathoms off Oudekraal. and he took
cross bearings in order the more accurately
to localize her in future
The sixth ship is also Dutch vessel the
Middleburg with cargo of bullion bars.
tin, lead and silver: Gardiner has already
located and examined this treasure ship.
which lies in only three fathoms In Hoetjes
bay. Work was begun upon her, but the
small pumps which Capt. Gardiner had
with him were insufficient to keep down the
sand in which the wreck lies
The master of the little Alfred Nobel is
surely the champion wrecker of our age,
because he has information of fifteen other
vessels; and to make the story complete
how Stevenson would have reveled in it,
he has supplied the company financing him
with complete set of charts, on which the
positions of the various treasure ships are
accurately marked.
Thus for the next few months all eyes
will be turned to the South African coasts,
for 1t Is expected that the South African
Salvage Companys shareholders are about
to get return on their money such as was
never dreamed of even by the stockholders
during the famous South Sea bubble.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

compound b. is close at hand. He de-
scribes it. writing from his tent upon the
grounds: 1T is noble ruin, and as l see
it now looming among the mesquite trees
l fancy the stately building that some one
some day will uncover there"
DIR. Fewkes has already unearthed much
OF the first group of structures, in which
stand the walls Of the great house" AS
the sand is dug out the mystery of its
meaning gradually clears. 1t can hardly be
a massive temple Of sun-worshipers, as a
former traveller surmised. but it is more
probably a place Of refuge, a stronghold in
which there may have. resided a powerful
chieftain Of by-gone days who exacted
homage from his vassals. The group
proper is slightly over 400 feet long by 200
feet wide, surrounded by a solid wall Of
pressed earth a yard or more thick and
now from eight to fifteen feet high. On
two corners have already been unearthed
an eightroom bastiOn and a two-room look
out The great house itself rests about the
center Of the Enclosure. Ranked by plazas
and groups Of smaller houses arranged on
an ordered plan. On one side is a large
opening, probably the entrance, and about
the whole. outside the wall, run traces Of
a ditch which connects at one corner with
an adjacent depression in the ground.
Beyond the walls are mounds of all sizes
and apes-mounds which prodding has
proved to be of as many origins. There
are mounds Of earth left from clearing out
springs. There are mounds formed of
ashes and debris. The larger ones are burial
mounds-treasure houses for the archeol
ogist-rich in mortuary offerings and hui
man remains. There is a fourth class of
many remains of ultra urban single
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

once wrote letter to a friend, and, wishing
to save his stamp, he ordered his servant
to take it to its address. 1t was raining
and the girl wore a new dress that she
was afraid of spelling. She looked into the
street. saw boy she knew. and, calling
out to him, she said, Deliver this letter
for me and l will give you penny" The
miser heard the offer and said, Give me
the penny, and I will cary the letter my
self" What Is more, he did SO.
The meanest person of whom I ever
heard" the writer says, was the owner of
a certain sweetshop in Yorkshire village.
One of my aunts when she was a girl went
to buy a penny worth of sweets After
carefully placing a number of the required
sweets in the scale pan the shopkeeper,
finding that they did not quite make the
necessary weight, carefully chose another
sweet and added it to the pile. But I'M
fortunately the sweet proving heavier than
he had expected, the arm of the balance
containing the sweets slowly descended. So
he took the offending sweet off the pile and
actually bit it in two, placing one-half back
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

this week from the London docks which
seems 10 have more chance of success than
any similar venture in recent years.
It NAV be news to most people that pros
Meeting for treasure at the bottom OF the
sea is by no means confined to pearl ana
coral diying-as witness the repeated eHorts
to get her tons of gold out OF the oiu Brit
isb frieate Lutine, wrecked in the Zuyder
Zee nearly century ago.
Company after company has been incor-
porated under British, French and Dutch
laws to salve this treasure ship, and al
ready millions of dollars worth of gold
have been taken from her. At one time
the poor Dutch fishermen realized fortunes
in a single day by literally fishing up chests
of gold with their nets. 1t is worth noting
in passing that the famous bell in Lloyds,
which announces the posting of missing
shin is a relic from the Lutine
Another successful case of treasure diving
was that of the Alphonso XII, sunk off
Point Gando in Grand Canary with over
100000 worth of Spanish gold coin on
board Nor does this complete the recent
list. | may mention the steamer Skyro,
sunk in over thirty fathoms off Cape Finis-
terre with an enormous quantity OF bar sill
YER. and the Hamilla Mitchell, lost on the
I.euconna Rock, near Shanghai, with specie
worth 100000 The divers In this case
only recovered half the treasure, for they
were interrupted by piratical junks, and
| the salvage party had to flee for their
lives.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

little frequented by Indians, lie the
traces of an ancient city buried by des-
ert sands Many tumbled walls smooth
ed fiat with the burning plain are mark
ed grave-like, by the still remnants of a
building In the ella valley, Arizona,
this lone ruin christened the Casa Grande
by the Spaniards of the territory, has
since October been the object of inves-
legations. under special appropriation
of Congress. by an archaeological expedl-
ton of the Smithsonian Institution.
The Casa Grande is twelve miles from
the Santa Fe system OF railroads ana
eighteen miles from the Southern Pa
cific-an easy trip across the desert from
Florence. Ariz. 1t has furnished mate
rial for much surmise and recently for
actual scientific Observation-Disclosures
dating back as far as the gold-seekinS
invasion of Coronado in 1910
The ruin has been brought three times
to the attention of the national legisla-
tive body. 1t lies upon public lands, and
is therefore under national control. Early,
however 1t paid the price of many valua-
BILE relics by suffering from the too de-
voted attention of souvenir hunters.
About fifteen years ago Congress recog-
nized its Importance by appropriating
81, 900 for its repair and preservation
following upon private explorations
which at the time aroused much general
interest Victor Mindeleff, archeologist,
was sent to supervise the construction
of a guard against the wear of the ele-
ments. and custodian was appointed
to protect 1t against too curious sight
seers Last year Casa Grande again
brought an appropriation-this time
So. 600: and for the fiscal year ending
June 80 1908, a like sum has been
granted.
AS provided by the terms of the more
recent appropriations, the work was
placed under the supervision of the sec
rotary of the Smithsonian Institution,
and DIR. ]. Walter Fewkes of the bureau
of American ethnology was chosen as
the most available member Of the Smith
sonian staff to undertake the excavations.
He set out on October II, arriving on the
scene October "a, and since then has
accomplished appreciable results.
In a description of the spot given by
one of the predecessors of DR.. Fewkes
he says:
The Casa Grande ruin (the single
standing building) is located near the
southwestern corner of the, group, and
the ground surface for miles around it
in every direction is so fiat that from
the summit of the walls an immense
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

stallation, rocket life-saving apparatus
and even cameras of an entirely new kind
for taking photographs under water.
The little steamer was once the private
yacht Ormean. and after that she became a
dynamite ship, belonging to the Nobel Com
pany Her thiru change was to carry the
fortunes of the South African salvage Com
pany, Limited, with a capital of 25,ooo 80
shares, $4,000 of which have been offered
for subscription at par.
Gardiner and his hackers declare there
is at stake over 100000, which is to be
divided In equal shares among the sub
scrihers after a 5 per cent bonus has been
divided among tile crew, who have signed
for five years. No fewer than six sunken
ships have been accurately located. and
will be worked upon the moment the Alfred
Nobel arrives in the Indian ocean.
First comes the troopship Merestein, lost
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31
African Waters VIII Be Explored for Long Lost GoExpedon to Sail This
Week From London-Ove ST. 900 900 Declared to Stake.

in Saldhana bay Off Jutton Island Gardi-
has located the Merestein in eighteen
and one-half fathoms of water on a rocky
bottom. She carried 100000 worth of gold
ingots and 100000 of silver bars 1t is
certain that the treasure has not so far
been disturbed.
Next comes the famous Dorothea, lost off
the Zulu coast, two miles east Of Cape
Vidal. in very shallow water-between four
and seven fathoms. This little steamer had
on board 1925 900 worth of gold, which
the late President Kruger is said to have
stolen from the mines and consigned to
South America against the evil day his
shrewd judgment foresaw in the near fu-
ture.
And thirdly comes the Thermopylae,
which lies under six seven fathoms off
Green Point flashlight. A little work has
already been done OH this ship, and a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

The central figure in the latest expedition
is Capt Gardiner. Appropriately enough,
his has been a most romantic career He
was a midshipman on the famous gunboat
Condor when Lord Charles Beresford was
earning name and fame in the lombard
ment of Alexandria. And Gardiner also
saw much service in the recent Boer war.
Within the past few weeks this adven-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31
A Too Uncertain Investment.
tbolic Standard and Times.

AREN'T you going to housekeeping"
asked the friends of the swell young bene-
dict
NO" he replied. II can't lease the house
we wanted for less than a year. and we
may be divorced in six months, you know
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

The value OF the raw material entering
into the manufacture of gas In this coun-
try in 1905 foots up at over $3I,0OOOoo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

A y old-fashioned, full-favored treas
~ ure" story of sunken bullion, pi-
~ rates and armed merchantmen
sounds ridiculously out OF date;
and yet an expeditiOn goes forth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31
Tried to Drive Out Intruder.

In order to drive forth the unwelcome IN
truder the victim persuaded several of his
male friends to remain In his house one
night but although the ghost appeared as
usual to the young man, his wife and his
mother -in-law, the other watchers were
quite unable to discern the strange pres
ence.
The young mans mother-in-law declares
that on one occasion she approached the
specter, who said quite distinctly, well,
what do you want?' She also says that she
temporarily lost the power of the right side
of her body at the meeting.
The victim declares that the spirit has
several times accompanied him part of the
way to the village where he is engaged as
a collier His comrades are greatly per-
turbed by the frequent appearances OF the
specter and believe firmly in the victims
yeracity. The vicar Of the parish and sec
eral others have visited the house and tried
In vain to elucidate the mystery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

IN the heart of the southwest in a re-
gion formerly forsaken by whites, and
little frequented by Indians. lie the
traces of an ancient city buried by des-
tYrohle1 walls smooth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-03-31

the deeds OF a nation whose prestige hat
already waned at the approach of a might
Ter tribe.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1907-11-14
LIVE STOCK MARKET.
Conditions In Chicago Of Interest
To Iowa Producers.

SHlCdBO, NOV. IL.
CATTLE--A very heavy run OF both
steers and butcher stuff was included
in today's arrivals. the estimated re-
ceipts of $4,000 being entirely too
many for the trade to handle. Market
opened very dull on all grades of
steers with the bulk of the very best
kinds selling generally about 15c low
er. Some of the good grades of steers
were 25c lower, while in a good many
instances the medium and half fat
kinds showed even more decline than
that. At the opening there seemed to
be little life to the butcher cattle
trade at around 10c@15c decline, but
as the day advanced, the demand
seemed to slacken and prices ON this
class of cattle showed a still further
decline. The run today was certainly
much larger than anyone had antici
pated and it will be absolutely neces-
sary to have very light run the bal
ance of this week in order to hold the
market up at anything like steady
basis.
up about $4,000. However, we figured
on light run after the severe break
of last week. Market ruled active;
fully 5c@10c higher and the close
strong and everything bought up.
Shipping orders were very good. The
packers were slow to take hold, but
we're compelled to fall in line at the
advance. Quality of the offerings was
fairly good; however, there was a
scarcity of prime butchers weighing
from 200 to 800 lbs. Top practically
$685.. There was load of fancy
butchers sold to a shipper late in the
day at S5.75. Bulk of fair to fancy
butchers $5.35@5.60. with fair to best
mixed and packing grades $5.15@5.35;
light weight pigs, so to 100 lbs, S4.70
$500. Provision markets all ruled
higher and with light hog receipts, we
figure on fair market; however,trade
is in no shape to stand heavy run
and we would advise shippers not to
follow these advances too closely and
market the hogs as fast as they are
bought
SHEEP-A very heavy run of sheep
was received today; estimated re-
ceipts were $4,000 and market opened
weak and about 10c lower on lambs;
however, became worse as the day ad-
vanced and closed fully Csc lower than
the high time of last Friday. There
seemed to be a better demand for
sheep than for lambs and this class
did not show much decline. 1t will be
necessary to have very light receipts
before we can see any improvement
in the trade. at
Iowa Live Stock Co.