The Washington herald., 1907-06-19

annual ppTOpTiatiOn, and uItil 1915 the
schoolswere conducted By missionary
odiesEided by national fuus. As early
as lS4Shere were sixteen uanual train
ing s3ols scattered among the Indian
reserHons. Now the sysem is under
goverrent control II embraces day
school reservation boaring schools.
nonresyation boarding schools, and nor
nal tining schools. Ths one aim and
ambitn Of the nation ard the instruc-
tors z employs is 70 so rain the brain
and Ind Of these wards that each may
be alseful, helpful citizfn, able 10 care
for mself and earn A white man S
wagi
Utmost successful dsy schools for the
Indes are in North aad South Dakota
andyisconsln; the lest successful are
saido be among the Pueblo Indians Of
NevMexico. Kindernrtens have been
inthuced in the pas few years with
mosgratifying results despite the racial
chacteristic Of shyBass among the lit
lie upils. IndustrIsl training is the
greest factor in the development of the
pece. In 1875 seveiteen young Indian
primers of war wee brought up from
Flcda and placed i Hampton Institute,
Wilma, q school originally intended for
thteducauon Of Dagroes. The success
ofie venture is veihed by the fact that
th director Of manual training work
inhat institute -o-day is an Onodaga
Inan. At Carlisb Pa. Col r. II. Pratt
folded a school for Indians in 1850; the
Hkeu Institute az Lawrence, Kans.,
flowed In 1854 Other schools Of note
al at Chemava. near Salem, Greg;
Ctoco. Okla, Albuquerque, \. Mex,
P1enix. Ariz.. md Santa Fe, \. Mex.
believing tha the earlier the Indian
Termed the was of the white man. the
olcker would be his civilization. the
romoters Of Hampton and Carlisle in
t1duced the outing system, so popular in
uny industrial schools. This was the
racing Of eIh child with d good white
tmily for 50 many months each year. so
Ie could lean the work Of the farm, as
veil as c,rtain social customs and
traces. So Effective has been the educa-
tional system In its thirty-one years Of
existence tat Of the 2S40o0 Indians out
side Alasba only 5000 are now blanket
Indians. ne Indian out Of every six
in the Tn ed States proper IS in school!
over 100 Of these are in Haskell Insti-
tute. and every one IS given a chance
sooner o. later Of learning industrial arts,
and advanced English
branches, and to fit himself for any col
lege or university he may choose
When the civil war closed. in April.
ISIS. it left scattered throughout the coun-
try. mostly in the South, a vast unedu-
Gated negro population, bewilde-ed wl:h
the unusual condition Of freedom. and
intoxicated with the prospect Of leading
an irresponsible life In the Joy OF hber-
alton many forgot the systematic life Of
the farm. and with a perverted idea Of
demanded that which books
alone might give. and tried in most In
stances to promptly ignore any effort to
earn or revive the arts OF manual train
ng and industrial science. Having freed
hem, the people Of the North turned
,oura geously toward educating them.
hough il had only been in 1888 that
Connecticut citizens had burned Miss
Prudence CrandalTs negro school and the
legislature had enacted a law f0rbidding
he opening Of schools for negroes not
-esidents of that state
There was much to be done, for only
ne in many hundreds could read or
write. some favorite slave having been
aught by his master. or some free-b0rn
.aving picked Up a little learning. Edu-
alton Of the negro had been prohibited
is the wisest means Of keeping him in
atisfed bondage. Georgia, in 1879. pro-
llbited the teaching of any negro. slave
IT free. within her borders, the penalty
,eing 500.
As soon as provisional governments
we're established in the former slave
.tates. teachers from the North were
ent out by the Freedman's Bureau, and
" the various churches and philanthro-
les interested in the work. AS early as
ss1 a school was opened at Fort
Ionroe, and by the close Of the war Gen.
amuel G. Armstrong had perfected his
lans for Hampton Institute In 1858 he
egan work with the old barracks as his
fteen pupils. Now the property at
hampton Institute is valued at over $780,
Do and the enrolment Is 1000 a year. In
he first five years the Freedmans
bureau spent nearly 100000 in its educa-
onal work Under the direction of the
eneTRl government it established over
900 schools, installed 5000 teachers, and
-arted nearly 100000 children on the road
o learning. With the readiustment of
he South came the building Of the pres
nj system Of society on the wreck of
he old aristOcratIc. seml-feudal system.
With absolute impartiality provision was
lade for the negro children as we'll as
he white. and at present the educational
.ghts are the same for black and white.
Long before the negro was free, and
efoTe there was much discussion Of the
natter Thomas jefferson proposed that
laves be emancipated and taught the
lings that would give them industrial
-eedOm. Frances Wright, philanthropist.