Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1907-05-11

moisture WhCn lne SOIL mas b'cn thua
&c mprps Sod After planting the
gr, und is often rolled or pressed with
board. What is this done for2 II
the plowcd ErDund gets very dry at
the surface II should be pressed or
rolled so Jhat IL can draw UP water
from the soil beneath. And this should
be- done whenever The seeds have To-
wait too long for rain. In dry coun-
tries. IA soon as the seed has como mp,
Ii is best 10 loosen the surface OF
the ground with a rake or harrow,
otherwise II win continue 70 draw
moisture uom the deeper ground 20
tho surface. to pass into 'hc
air aud hero it will evaporato
s., be lost 60 tn plants and the deeper
roots Of the crop win be deprived %
moisture. IN Try weather, we should
plant Immediately after digging or
pInwing Why
~. HOW PLANTS DRINK.
Matcrial6-Several bottles, some
stems OF plants, ana a piece Of celery
with leaves at the top.
Nim--Tl show that plants ,ake In
Wator through their roots and not
through their leaves.
Method cut of some stalks ~ lu-
C.ru close to the ground. Put tho
stems Of several pieces into . bottle
OF water. place several others with
the cut stems IN an empty bottle. stiil
others with the leaves In water ana
the stems out. Next day those with
thu stems IN water are Stll fresh aud
upright: those with the leaves In
water have wilted a little, and those
standing in the empty bottle have
| dropped. What do these results teach
Put the celery into water colored
| with indigo, At the next lesson take
| it out ana cut the pieces across
| through the stems Observe in what
channels the indigo water has tray
olcd up the stems-through the small
| woody or tough parts only. Weigh
! some green luCcrn. Then place II on
| the radiator tin It dries. Weigh IL
again. Notice what weight It has
| lost Compare the dry with the
| green lncern What has the green
| that the dry has not. We learn from
| these experiments; % THAT growing
| plants need much water and consist
mainly of water; (2) that this water
Is taken IN through the roots. goes
up through certain channels I'm the
stems. AMI cVaporatcs from the leaves;
| 60 that the leaves do not take in
| much moisture: (4) that plants must
drv the soil by taking out the water
and cvaporating IT into the afr WIN
weeds use up tho soil moisture If per-
mitted To grow? Should all weeds
he kept out of our dry soils. whether
they are naturally harmful or notH
Should anything but the crop bo per-
mitted to grow on the fields in dry
countries like ours? etc
TRANSPORTATION OR EVAPoRA-
TloN.
Materals--A thin glass bealser,
some fresh lucern and Il bottle of
water
Aim-To show that plants give off
water through their leaves
Method-Put the lucern in water
ana compress the tops into the glass
beaker Place in the sunshine. In
few hours. the inside of the beaker
| win he covered with drops of dew
| Explain. Cut Oft sunflowcr near the
! root and 1t a rubber and then Il glass
tube over the part that remains in
the ground half fiji the tube with
water. Presently the water will rise
in the tube and overflow. Explain.
V. HOW PLANTS GROW.
Plant in moist sawdust In u box in
doors some beans and Indian corn,
| ana IN good soil In a box some rad
ish seeds. As soon as the plumules
| come about an inch above the saw
| dust, let each pupil in your section
pun up one of the beans or corn
plants and tell what he sees--what
the stem and the root are like. When
the plant starts to grow out of the
seed, We say II terminates. one part.
the stem, grows upward 10 the light.
the other part, the root grows down
into the dark, the GOODNESS and the
moisture Have the children notice
the root ana the stem to distinguish
/ between them. Let each one pull
W young radish plant Observe
that each tiny, white root that grew
from the seed is clothed with a downy
fringe of lair that looks like the finest
silk. T. Is these hairs that draw in
the moisture on which the plant feeds.
cut off a few young stems Of plants
just before the leaves have come out,
ana show the stems To the children.
examine the buds; they are covered
with winter scales TO protect them
from the cold. These scales are
forced open in the spring when
the water comes up from the
roots 10 feed the young buds. which
soon burst into leaves, The leaves are
very important to the plant, They are
like the lungs and stomach of animals.
| The plant depends Tor It's yigor upon
the health OF It's leaves. II the leaves
are stripped of or injured, or eaten by
/ insects the plant cannot get Its food
| and the fruit VIII not ripen. Leaves
| must receive their full share of sun
light. ina order 10 make the food Of the
/ plants They should be protected from
injury and should be kept abundant.
When water comes up from the roots
30 feed the young buds the leaves
! make NJ into plant food Hold up
some leaves to the light ana place
narrow objects behind them. The sun
light shines through the uncovered
I parts and N rs the sunlight passing
thruugh the leaves that makes food
for the plant the starch OF corn or
potato the sweet juice of the peach or
apple, etc,
vi HOW PLANTS FEED.
A 90 asa "a