The sun., 1907-12-22


five months had elapsed tho svsntnUaRity
which Robert Harvard had foreseon came
TO pass In january, 1879. Katherine Bar-
ward married again. this time ono John
EllotsOn. a citizen and cooper Of London
and a man Of considerable means. When
five months had passed she was again q
widow. but her union with John ElletsoD
had augmented considerably the fortune
which she was able ultimately 70 bequeath
to her two sons. John and Thomas Harvard.
We may note here that in May. 1877. John
Harvard's mother married for the third
time. Her third husband was Richard
Yearwood, who did not add materially to
his wife's estate when he died in lOS7.
Hence tho assertion often made that each
Of the three husbands of Katherine Rogers
boqueathed her a large amount Of property
needs to be qualified 30 far al the third Of
those husbands In concerned. Noverthe-
less her means were ample for her own
needs and for the college expenses Of her
eldest son John. whose name was entered
as q student OF Emmanuel College. Cam
bridge. on April II. 1927. The choice OF q
college was doubtless due to the recommen-
dation Of the Rev. Nicholas Morton. one Of
the chaplainA Of Sc. Saviour's Church. who
had become a close personal friend OF John
Harvard's family. as is evident from the
wills OF Mrs. Katherine YearwOod and her
elder son. Thomas Harvard.
During the decade which preceded the
arrival OF John Harvard at Emmanuel
College James l. had done his best TO make
Cambridge as obedient to his viii a. was
the sister university. However desirous
for worldly reasons the masters OF the col
leges at Cambridge may have been to stand
well In the Kings favor they were. no
doubt. unanimous In thinking that favor
TO he dearly purchased by the terms which
the King laid down. These included an in
junction 10 the effect that no student should
be allowed TO take any degree unless he
subscribed to the so-called Three Articles
Of Religion. Three years before the King
had made that stipulation apply only to
graduation in divinity: now IL was to be
extended to every degree. IL may be we'll
to recall the purport Of those articles in
asmuch as John Harvard had 70 subscribe
TO them when he took his b. A. degree.
They run az follows: First. That the Kings
Majesty. under God. 10 the only supreme
Governor Of this realm, and Of all other his
Highneea's dOminions and countries as
we'll in all spiritual or ecclesiastical things
or causes. as temporal; and that no foreign
prince. person. prelate. State or potentate
hath or ought to have any jurisdiction,
power. superiority. preeminenoe or au-
thority, ecclesiastical or spiritual. within
his Maiestys said realms. dominions and
countries The second article declared
that the Book OF Common Prayer and OF
ordering Of Bishops. priests and deaOons
containeth in it nothing contrary to the
Word OF God and that IL may lawfully 90
be used The third article was to the
effect: THAT we allow the Books Of Articles
OF Religion. agreed upon by tho Arch
bishops and Bishops Of both provinces,
and the whole clergy. in the Convocation.
holden in London in the year Of Our Lord
1852; and acknowledge all and every therein
contained. being In number nine-and-
thirty. besides the ratification, TO be agree
finds it hard to understand how Puritans
OF the austere type could reconcile their
consciences to signing suoh a sweeping
declaration. There the three articles were.
however; without accepting them as they
stood no degree could be obtained. and
the signature Of John Harvard to them Ia
hut one example out OF many inoongruOus
subscriptions still to be seen upon the psges
of the Registry Of Cambridge University.
Inasmuch as each college was a self-oon-
tanned community. controlling its own AZ
fairs to a large extent independently OF the
University Senate. it is interesting TO gain
some idea OF the conditions which pre-
vailed in Emmanuel College. where John
Harvard spent the seven years OF his
student life. II had been in 1884 that Sir
Walter Mildmay signed the foundation
deed Of Emmanuel. Its first master, Lau-
renee Chaderton. was a pronounced Puri-
tan. though he never severed his Connec-
ton with the Church Of England or as
sociated himself with vehement attacks on
prelacy. Many proofs are available Of the
persistence of Puritan tendencies at EN-
manuel College. One note taker OF the
seventeenth century records that while
all the other Cambridge colleges conformed
to the ordinances OF the Church Of England.
in Emmanuel they do follow a private
course Of public prayer. after their own
fashion, both Sundays. holydays and week.
days Further. in that college the rule as
to kneeling at the communion was wholly
ignored.
Why John Harvard did not begin his uni
versity career until he was in his twentieth
year is unknown. There il an abundance
Of evidence that 10 was the average
age at which students entered the univer-
atty in the early part Of the seventeenth
century. That Harvard's age exceeded
this average by the margin Of four years
may have been due to delicate health. which
il often precursor Of the disease to which
he sucCumbed eventually. He was TO lead
a life Of considerable hardship at Emman-
uel. in which the accommodation was in
adequate TO the growing demands made
upon IL.
Instead OF having a room to himself
John Harvard unquestionably shared IN
apartment with at least one fellow student,
and possibly with two or three. For this
divided accommodation he had to pay
any SUN a year, between two shillings
and ten shillings. according TO the position
Of his room. There never had been time
when high thinking and low living were
so vigorously the rule at Cambridge as
they were in the first half Of the seven
teenth century. Practically the students
were restricted to two meals a day, dinner