Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-12-31
The Twelve Months Now Ending Marked the
: World Over by the Spread of Constitutional
ism and Temperance and Efforts in
Behalf of International Peace.
Deaths Shining Marks Included Shah and King-Dis-
asers on Land and Sea Claimed Thousands Of
Victims-Notable Records of the Year.
q. ...- Great Progress in Air Travel.

direction it was rejected by the council
| OF the empire May Is; the upper house
indeed nullified everything of conse-
0uence proposed by the duma and the
knowledge that continued duma sessions
could accomplish nothing had much to do.
perhaps. with the calm of the people
when Stolpin ordered dissolution June
lS. Shortly before the dissolution 1t was
SHOWN mat from August of last year to
April of this LOSO men and women had
been executed by order of the cars gov
ernment while 1912 of the cars men
mad been killed by revolutionists in the
same time.
The duma was dissolved because it
would not formally condemn terrorism,
was slow in ratifying the budget and
| would not exclude fifty-five social-demo-
! cratic deputies who had been charged
with conspiracy. The decision not to con-
and the vote was 2I9 to 1876 1t followed
| the alleged discovery Of a plot to kill
the car said to have been Matched at
Ihe social-democratic convention held in
Ion Lonoo nm IN May, and which the duma
mad formally regretted. Stolypin de-
manded reconsideration June IA. and
the duma asked another twenty-four
hours time. Before the day was up the
dissolution was determined upon.
Inc car ordered the election of a
/
tIons calculated to make the new organ
| lzation more manageable than the old
one. and the number of delegates only
~ instead of 5A. This duma opened
november IA, and the Both declared
tnat the car was no longer an autocrat,
| ne having surrendered that title when he
Sranted the constitution of October, 1906
Inc governments reply was made by
otoiypln. who informed the duma in no
| mid language that the car was still
autocrat. in this circumstance Law the
safety of the empire.
As the year closes the, breach between
| the peoples Representatives and the gov
ernments widens.
duma were put on trial at St. Peters
ourg. and August . three Russians.
round guilty Of plotting against the life
Oh Jhe car. were sentenced to death; sew
prisonment and Punishment.
IN many quarters Of the globe the work
IN benalf OF world peace was pursued
earnestly. not to say enthu-
Inc hague sastically. King Edward
CONGRESS- was most diligent in this
direction. and as one result
OF his efforts England. France and Spain
nave formed what has been termed the
new triple alliance regarding their re-
spective spheres in the Mediterra and
North Africa. In May Great Britain and
Germany agreed to respect each others
rights In South Africa: in. June France
s a.o Japan Jointly guaranteed the integ-
rity or China and the status quo in the
Iar east; July 20 treaty between Rug
STA and Japan was signed GUARANTEEING
each nation rights to its possessions in the
Tar orient. and on august the GEAR and
KAISER announced that they were in ac
cord In all important points. and that tine
cnlef interest of the two countries "a 10
maintain the peace of the world. On Az
gust ~ Russia and England signed a con-
Hennon dividing Persia into Russian and
brltish spheres of Influence and maintain
ing the status quo in Afghanistan and
i1oet. from which latter country the sub
)ects OF both nations are excluded for
period OF two years. Thus the problem OF
rhe Indian frontier was solved temporar-
ny, al least Two months later Great Brit
am: France. Russia and Germany nil
tnelr signatures to a treaty guaranteeing
the integrity of Norway
Inc longest peace conference Of the vear
occurred at The Hague 1t was the second
worlds peace conference, forty-fourI coI,n-
tries sending delegates. Mr.. John. W. POS
ter, ex-Secretary of State, who recentIy
oetdneo the results OF the conference de-
clareo that those who believed in yas1
dilhdinehtS as the Surest test of a nation's
greatness were inclined to belittle the
work at The Hague. even to pronounce II
failure. On the other hand. those who
peieve that there is a better way than
war 10 solve controversies between ma
lions see in the results of the conferences
| notable advance on the road to Tho 20
compiishment of this end; an advance not
| as great as they desired or hoped for Int
SUBSTANTIAL advance
III is worth more than dollars or
poun9s' shillings and pence" Mr.. Foster
added. that the representatives Of ali
the nations of the earth have gathered in
one great assembly with the ayowed mr.
pose OF promoting peace: that they came
smallest and weakest nation on The saw, me
footlng as the most populo,n and power
fui: tnat they remained in session for TOW
nonths discussing great questions of
"oio-Wide Importance In a friendly snfrit
threat ~ "drhke
=, me conference was really the first time
uiat all the nations had met for general
discussion with universal peace as the
V ths ~ assembled the middle Of June,
,ne oeeseates being on a footing of ahso.
lute equality. and rema ined in session ro,,,
! hohtns without serious friction and
passeo thirteen measures affecting the
peaceful ana amicable intercourse
me Following were it's suhst,nt;o,
achieVepents: The creation of an intsrna
tiohai prize court; an Improvement In The
| procedure for commissions of INQUIRY q AZ,
s,nl.rat,on: prohibition of the employ
! i"i'c III the CORRECTION dobe
the adoption of further regulations for ,be
| amelioration of both land and naval 80
are greater protection Of neutral cow
nIerce curing war: a step in advance
toSarn opllsatory arbitration and the 60
'anLshrhent OF permanent arhitra,
sourt, ana provision for the periodic meat.
ing or other world conferences OF neana
IS a record of which every IoIer
nna.k,hd may be proud" declares NJ
roster. 1T is visionary to exnect ~,
wars among nations will cease hu, Iat
US nope mat there is the dawn NJ - .e
uas. "hen right. not wrong. iustica. ,a,
| Iorce, VIII rule in the affairs Of eo,.,no
men'S' "hen no longer the world u,i,J ~
.eneo ny the ambition OF an AIex,na De
q ndesar or Napoleon; when the nn.atI
VII defsht not in the triumnhs &c ti 10Y
uopie haVles and vast armies H.. ~
.ne scn1eVenents of peace. indrstr,, ~,
the ns,io IN the friendly competition "r nf
inc only war Of the year mot co,,,.,
frances insurrectionary troub,sS T.. ~,
! Assursn.. iocro as a war between
| ns'ionsb was little one.
of Peace. but it led finally to a ne.c
congress In Washington ~
the Central American sta,es The u-ar
was between Nicaragua on the ono s,s.
and Honduras and Salvador on the o,har
II was virtually ended April IL. whom III.
Nfcarag guam army captured Amalpa ub.rs
J the foA ''''Ni 2