davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-12-29

had received a college education IN England, and
were men of more than ordinary capacity and ex-
perience. One of the most famous of them
Ezekiel CheeveT, who was master of the Boston
Grammar School at the time of Franklin's birth
This position he held for the last thirty years
of his life, and died at his post, aged nnety-four
after having given seventy years of continuous
service to the New England schools. His death
widely mourned, and he was long held in affec-
tonate remembrance; for he was more patient
with the slow boys and less and brutal with
all boys, than schoolmasters of that age wont
to be. He wrote what seems to have been the only
school book of American origin prior to the Revou-
ton. This little Latin grammar generally
known as ''Cheever's Accidence" (the word acct
dence is old term meaning rudimentary gram
mar The first edition appeared in I645, and the
book was republished as late as 1898 1t contained
only seventy-nine pages yet it has been called the
wonder of the age" For than forty years it
practically the only beginners Latin book used
in the colonies, and it continued to be immensely
popular for fully century.
After the boys had worked their way through
this primer they plunged into the dreary wilderness
OF Lily IS Grammar with its twenty-five kinds OF
nouns, its seven genders, and other things IN pro-
portion, all to be wearisomely committed to men,
DRY. The purgatory of this grammar was early
recognized and Cotton Mather said of it, Perssting
the of Lys book will prolong the reign of the
ferrule." Other Latin books in common were
4Esop, Eutropus, and the Colleagues of Corderius;
for the D9y ev had the a the
Testament, and Homer Thus they fitted them
selves for the university, which made very exacting
requirements in the dead languages, but paid little
PiOoPSSeA'S oIeoSiAeo
had made in science, mathematics, anything else
The Dame Schools
7 HAVE mentioned that Franklin's education prob
ably began at home but most of the little folks
attended dame school. There always some
woman in each neighborhood who, for small
of money, willing to take charge of the children
and teach them the rudments of knowledge. The
in her house where the school gathered had
no desks, maps or backboards, and the dame often
knew little beyond the letters she teaching. At
first these schools were private ventures but they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-12-29

important, and not by any means an essential
accomplishment for females in common life Scarcely
one in a dozen women could write in 1900, and of
those who are mentioned in the recorded deeds of
the early part of the eighteenth century less than
forty per cent could sign their names The rest
ade their mark. Even at the time of the Revo
luton many of the patriot wives and mothers could
not write.
All the early schools in the smaller commune
ties were of course extremely rude, those presided
over by ma ster scarcely less than the dame
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-12-29

guage as they were taught to read English
Precocity encouraged, not alone by intelligent
parents, but by the leading writer's and thinkers
The schools kept long hours, and the pupils were
expected to be on hand astonishingy early in the
mornings; for instance, in the rules of the Hopkins
Grammar School at New Haven it ordered
That the Master & Scholars attend from in We
morning to Clock in We forenoone, And from
Clock in We afternoons to a Clock in Summer
g. in Winter
Most of the teachers of the early Latin schools
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-12-29
IN THE DAYS OF FRANKLIN
II ENJAMIN FRANK
ID LIN was a Boston boy,
~ Ia LILO G a.,

n NJAM1N FRANK
ID LIN was a Boston boy,
and his home was in
what is now the busiest
portion of the city { he
lived just across Milk-st.
from the Old South
church,. He began to at
tend school at the age of
eight, and if one could have
seen him as he started from
home that first morning,
with his Latin Grammar and
one or two other books
under his arm, he would
have been found a very
sturdy and lively youngster,
but in his clothing exactly
resembling a grown man.
All the boys of that period,
as soon as they were old
enough to wear pantaloons,
were costumed like their
fathers with knee breeches,
a long vest, a tapped coat,
and a cooked hat, and often
the garments were highly
colored, - scarlet, green,
blue, and yellow. Boys no
older than Franklin in well
to do families were often
made still more like their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-12-29

without at least acqu1r-
ing some of the rudi-
ments of book knowl-
edge. Usually a gram
mar school in colonial
days was one where
Latin was the staple.
English grammar, the
study the name most sug-
gests, was not taught at
all; but other English
studies we're not entirely
neglected, and in the
Boston Grammar School
there appears to have
been an usher, as the
masters assistant was
called, who was an in
structor in English. Boys
began to attend the
grammar schools when
they were seven or eight
years old, and now and
then a youngster entered
the Boston Latin School
no older than six and a
half. Not infrequently
the boys had made con-
siderable progress in
Latin, and sometimes
the merest infants were
taught by doting parents
to read this learned Ian
guage as soon as they we
Precocity was encouraged
parents, but by the leadi
The schools kept long
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-12-29

to do families were OFTEN franklin on his
made still like their
elders by having their heads shaved and fitted with
wigs.
chandler and soap maker who had been twice
ried, and seventeen children had been born to him
Ten of the children were sons, of whom Franklin
was the Youngest. Their home two-story
wooden house with clapboarded front. while the
sides and were rudely shingled. On the first
floor was a single apartment, twenty feet square,
which served parlor, sitting room, and family
eating ROOM and probably contained bed. The
next story consisted likewise of room and above
that was upholstered attic where Franklin and
his brothers slept The upper portion OF the house
projected somewhat beyond the ground floor This
vas frequent feature of the early colonial homes,
and many persons have the impression that the
projection to afford convenient place for
shooting downward to repel attacking Indians try
ing to break through below. But such an over
hang common in England, and the people who
emigrated here merely copied their old homes.
The Early Metropolis
BOSTON was the largest town in the country, yet
u the entire population sonly bout ten thousand
1t was place of stately mansions, queer old tav
ems. quaint shops and curious hanging signs, and
maze of narrow streets paved with cobblestones
Most of the houses and shops in the center of the
town of brick usually two or three stories in
height, and they were seldom so close but that
there plenty of chance for the boys to around
in the open spaces between them. Across the
row peninsula that led to the mainland barrier
had been erected, the gate of which was shut each
night at nine and not opened at all on the Sabbath
meeting house that stood the site of the present
Old South Church were pillory and stocks.
Both in its aspect and its habits Boston was es,
certain days of fast and thanksgiving; but they
also kept the Kings birthday and Guy Fawkes
day, and had two great fairs every year.
Less than FIVE minutes walk from Franklins
home the common, or Training Field as it was
sometimes called because the militia gathered there
to maneuver. 1t not the beautiful tree
powered park it is to-day but uninclosed, subbly
COW pasture On the upper slopes of this bleak
waste bloomed Wild and in the marshes below
the frogs croaked Trees were almost entirely lack
ing vet there noble old elm under which
the Indians l.o doubt had formerly powwowed
and from whose branches some of the early law
breakers had been hanged
In the shadow of this tree Franklin liked to play,
and he liked also to frequent the shore of the bay
As he grew older he became an adept in handling
boat, and if he had companions with him on his
voyages he was usually allowed to govern especially
in any of difficulty. But perhaps nothing else
gave him quite such keen delight swimming in
which he remarkably expert. On one occa sion
he sent up his kite from the windward side of
pond and let it tow him across to the other shore,
a mile distant
Boston was young scrambling village in
country, where all material, human otherwise,
he,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-12-29
The Dame Schools

never attained to much
dignity or consequence.
Nevertheless, all.the towns
had them,-the Oldest
and largest places as well
as the pioneer villages
and they were everywhere
a chief dependence for
elementary instruction. In
them the boys got what
little learning was re-
quired for entrance to the
grammar schools, and the
girls all the education it
was thought they needed.
The early school laws
of Massachusetts, did not
recognize girls at all, ex-
pressly stating that, The
word children is to be in
terpreted to mean boys.
There was no controversy
on the subject. 1t simply
seems to have been con-
sidered unnecessary that
girls should be taught in
the public schools. How
ever, either at the dame
schools or at home, they
nearly all learned at least
to read and sew. Writing
was held to be much less
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17
CHICAGO.

In the disturbing developments OF the
week, dearer money, weakness in the Sc
eUrity markets and the more embarrass-
ing telegraphers' strike, there are reasons
for conservatism in business undertake
lngs. Aside from these drawbacks trade
maintains a steady course, with prepara-
lions for fall activity more in evidence,
new demands equaling expectations at this
, time in the manufacturing branches and
the buying of general merchandise being
stronger. Crop reports carry additional
encouragement, seasonable weather having
brought rapid progress in corn and spring
wheat growth, and this increases conf
dence among the agricultural interests.
Transactions make satisfactory ex-
hf5it in the steel industry, especially for
rails, plates, wire and miscellaneous
shapes, while specifications cause further
pressure upon capacity of rolling mills.
Furnace output is yet in rapid consump-
ton and bookings run well ahead in this
district, but commitments for the last
quarter show hesitancy, buyers awaiting
price concessions.
Some shading in quotations of iron for
future delivery is reported and copper is
easier without bringing out important
deals. =.
Distribution of the necessaries and
heavy materials is seen to be remarkably
active and freight earnings of the Chi
cago roads surpass the high records made
"a year ago. Large numbers of interior
buyers crowd the wholesale market for
staple wares and the general buying
makes substantial gain in %, goods, cloth
ing, boots and shoes and food products.
The markets for live stock and provis-
ions touched the highest average values
recorded this year, owing mainly 10 small
er supplies of the former, but spot grain
and flour were in slow request
The markets for live stock and provis-
ions touched the highest average values
recorded this year. owing mainly to small
er supplies of the former. but spot grain
and -four were in slow request.
Bank clearings, 1921, aG0,l6S, exceed
those of corresponding week in 1896 by
1874 per cent.
Failures reported in the Chicago dis
trict number %, against 30 last week and
"A a year ago.-Dun's Review.
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17

Chcago--Cattle, common to prime
$500 to $3.50; hogs. prime heavy, S4.O0
to $6.12; sheep, fair to choice, $500
to $685.; wheat, No. ., Soc to Sic;
corn, No. 2, Sc to 55c; oats, standard,
51c to 52c; rye, No. Z, 74c TO roc; hay,
timothy, S14O0 TO S21.00 prairie, 5000
tC $500; butter, choice creamery, &c
TO 24c; eggs, fresh lac TO lie; potatoes,
per bushel, Toe to SIC.
napolis-Cattle, shipping, $500
10 S7.15; hogs, choice heavy, $500 20
SG3(s sheep, common 10 prime. $500 to
$40: wheat, No .. Sic to SIC; corn,.
No. 2 white, 53c to sic; oats, No. 2
white, 47c TO Ace.
St. Louis-Cattle. $3.50 to S7.40;i
hogs, $400 to S6.4O; sheep, $500 to-
1913; wheat No. 2, Sic TO Soc: corn,
No. 2, sc TO Ole; oats, No. 2, Ale to
Acc; rye. No. 2. 76c to TSc.
Cincinnati 500 to S6.25;
hogs, $500 to $500; sheep, $500 to
$500: wheat, No. 2, SIC 10 SSc; corn,
No. 2 mixed, DOC to SIC; oats, No. 2
mixed, 47c to 4Sc; rye, No. 2, SIC to SSc.
Detroit-Cattle, $500 to $500; hogs,
S4O0 to S6.25: sheep, $3.50 to $40;
wheat, No. 2, SIC TO Csc; corn, No. 5
yellow, SIC to SOC; oats, No. 3 white,
zoe to 52c; rye, No. 2, Toe to IGc.
Mflwaukee-Wheat No. . northern,
orc to 99c; corn. No. 3, 53c to DOC;
oats, standard, Acc to Ole; rye, No. L,
soc to SIC; barley, standard, zoe TO re;
pork, mess, S16.45.
Buffalo-Cattle, choice shipping steers,
s4.OO to $3.50; hogs, fair to choice ,S4.OO
to 1918; sheep, common TO good mixed,
$500 to 1928; lambs, fair to choice,
$500 to s7.25.
New York-Cattle, $500 to 800;
hogs. $500 to $3.50; sheep. $500 to
$3.50; wheat, No. 2 red, 93c to 94c;
corn, No. 2, SOC to 60c; oats, natural
white, CSC to 60c; butter, creamery, &c
TO DC; eggs, western, Ice TO Zoe.
Toledo-Wheat. No. 2 mixed, SIC to
SEC; corr, No. 2 mixed, 54c to DC;
oats. No. 2 mixed, 45c to Acc; rye, No.
2, TAG to Toe: clover seed, prime, S9.4o.
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17
Money Inst Hopeful Fact.

Bernard Shaw, in his recent essay,
FIRST Aid to Critics" makes the start
ling paradox that 'the universal regard
for money is the one hopeful fact iii our
civilization, the one sound spot in our So
cial conscience" while poverty he de-
scribes as ''the chief crime, worse than
murder" He goes on to explain that
money is curse "only when it is cheap
ened to worthlessness for some and made
impossibly dear to others Instead of
spending so much time and energy upon
catching and Furnishing our so-called
criminals, Mr.. Shaw asks il it would not
Se better to painlessly kill every adult
with less income than s1,SOO a year, and
at the same time fatten and clcthe every
hungry and naked child.
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17
NEW YORK.

Cross currents in crop and trade devel-
opments render generalization difficult.
Dispatches TO Bradstreet's point to fur
ther favorable progress by leadisg crops,
notably corn, cotton and spring wheat.
but excepting oats, reports from which
are not favorable. In the Southwest,
Northwest and at large eastern centers
sentiment as 10 fall trade has been helped
by these developments. and fall buying is
becoming more noticeable, as country mar
chants are coming in increasing numbers.
In some of the large industries, however,
there is quieter trade in some branches
with prices easing. Business failures for
the week in the United States number
157, against f42 last week, 1871 in the like
week of 1906. 1856 in 1905, 167 in 1904
and 160 in 1908. Failures in Canada
number Is, against 16 last week and 10
in the week a year ago.-Bradstreet
Commercial Report.
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17
DAMAGE BY STORM,
Lives Are Lost and Crops in Many
PLACES Arc REirni

Places Are Ruined.
Twenty-Five lives are reported to
have been iost and property damaged to
the amount OF 100000 in a tornado
which swept over the southern part of
Minnesota, northern Iowa, the south
western end OF Wisconsin and part
of Illinois. Dispatches tell of deaths
In almost every point where the tornado
struck.
A farmer, his wife and son were kill
ed near Mason City. Iowa, their home
being destroyed over their heads while
they were in bed Two coaches of
Green Bay, Wis, passenger train were
thrown over an embankment near Wi
mona, Mimi, and three men were Sc
verely injured. The wind reached a
velocity of about ninety miles an hour
and was accompanied by terrific rain
and lightning. The village of Joice,
Iowa, was wrecked by the wind and
one person killed and many injured.
Twenty or more buildings were I'M
rooted. At Marshalltown severe
" w hdii,
eled corn, blew down loaded fruit trees
and did much other damage. Shipping
at Clear Lake and many cottages were
destroyed. A half dozen barns and four
houses near Rockwell were demolished,
and the roof was blown from the Cath
Ollie church ut Rockwell. Many houses
were destroyed in Winona and the roofs
were torn off twenty large factory
buildings The lighting plant was
wrecked, leaving the town in darkness.
The power house of the local street
car company was put out OF commits
sion. The cars in the streets were over
turned, and one of them was carried
against the side of a store. Fronts or
the stores were blown in and the wind
carried all kinds of stock from the
shelves and counters.
A severe hailstorm practically devas-
tated the corn crop in the western
townships Of Peoria county, ILL.,, and
the east tier of townships in Knox
county. Hailstones twelve inches in
circumference cut the blades from the
corn as keenly as if the stalks had been
trimmed with knife. Thirty thousand
acres of corn is completely ruined. The
loss is estimated at $1,0O0,OOO to corn
alone in Peoria and Knox counties. A
fifty-tive mile an hour wind blew dur
ing the storm. The large hailstones
broke hundreds of windows and the
strong wind uprooted trees and moved
farm houses and barns from theil
foundations.
At Havana, ILL.,, Miss Margaret Lem
niger, 16-year-old daughter OF Mr.. anC
Mrs. John Leininger of Mason City
is dead, the result of being struck by
lightning during the storm. At Pana
ILL.,. lightning killed Frank Henderson
and Frank McMullen. Property valued
at $4,000 was destroyed. Corn wa
stripped by the heavy hail, barns burn
ed, and hay stacks thrown over tn
fields. A terrific electrical storm, &C
companied by a cyclone, passed owe
Litchfield, ILL.,, uprooting trees ant
causing much damage to buildings ant
crops.
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17

~
1214-French defeated the Germans at
Bouvines.
1265-Simon de Montfort killed at the
battle of Evesham.
1201-Founding of the Swiss Confeders-
ton.
149S-Columbus discovered Trinidad.
1554-Florentines defeated the French
at Marciano.
1G19-House of Burgesses, first popular
legislative assembly in America, met
at jamestown, Va.
l643-Cromwell victorious at Gains
borough.
164|Conde victor at Friodburg.
1667-Ending of the war between France
and Great Britain.
1675-Turenne killed at Sassbach.
1GS5-Marquis de Dononville entered on
his duties of Governor of Canada.
16S9-Batte of Killiecrankie.
1694-Bank of England chartered.
l757-French and Indians besieSed Fort
William Henry, in New York.
1759-Montcalm rcpulsed Wolfe in the
latter's attack on Quebec.
1772-First partition of Poland.
l775-Continental congress adopted ar
ticles Of war.
l777-Lafayctte made a major general
in the American army.
1IS0-Maj. Gen. Benedict Arnold assum-
ed command at West Point. :. Col
Sumter repulsed by British at Rocky
Mount, S. c.
1794-Fall of Robespierre and end of the
Reign of Terror.
1799-Ferdinand ". of Naples restored.
1SO4-American naval force bombarded
Tripoli.
1SO5-Francis l. of Austria declared war
against France.
1S09-Battle of Talavera.
3-Plattsburg, n. Y, taken by the
British.
1S16-First State election held in In
diana.
1S1S-Charles, Duke of Richmond, be-
came Governor of Canada.
1S3O-Paris declared in a state of siege.
1S31-London bridge inaugurated by
William ~.
1S34-Slavery ceased throughout the
British possessions.
1S47-Telegraphic service established be-
tween Toronto, Buffalo and Mon
treal.
1S4S-Wonan's rights convention at
Rochester put forward claim for
suffrage.
1S54-Capt U. S. Grant resigned his
commission in the army.
1S5S-The Victoria Nyanza discovered
by Capt. Spoke.
1SG3-Battle of Winchester, Va.
S64-Chambersburg, Pa, burned by the
Confederates. Gen. Sherman began
the siege of Atlanta. Battle of Mo-
bile Bay.
1S66-Atlantic telegraph cable com
pleted.
1S7G-Colorado admitted to the Union.
1SS9-Prncess Louise of Wales married
to the Duke of Fife.
1S9O-M:ssissipp constitutional conyen
ton met at Jackson.
1S92-Congress appropriated S2,JOO.O0C
to be coined into half dollars a:
memorials of the Worlds Columbian
exposition.
fS94-War declared between Japan ant
China.
1S96-Forty-seve persons Killed in rail
road disaster near Atlantic City
y. J.
1S97-Tidal wave caused great destruc
ton of lives and property in Japan
19OO-General strike of Paris cab driv
ers.
19O3-Andrew Carnegie gave $500, GOI
to his native town of Dunfermline
Scotland.
19O5-The japanese captured the Islam,
of Saghalin.
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17
VolIVA TO LEAVE ZION.
Says VIII Take Big Following and
Build u New City.

Refused the granting of his petition
that he be appointed by Judge lands Of
the United States District Court a CO.
receiver with John e. Hately, now in
charge of Zion City property, and I'M
needed in his protests against the sale of
Zion City lace industry, Overseer Wilbur
Glenn Voliva, who usurpcd John Alexan-
der Dowie, asserted his defiance Of the
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17

forces organized against him and dcclar.
ed he would abandon Zion City and estab-
lish a colony Of his own elsewhere,
II shall abandon the old hulk and
she can sink for all of me-" declared
Voliva as he was leaving the court after
his petition had been denied and the sale
of the lace factory had been ordered,
ut is my purpose now TO gather my
followers about me M soon M possible
and leave. When ! 20 ] will take a big
following along TO establish new col
Sny."
The Miller sun. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 190?-19??, 1907-08-17
Notc. of cnrrent Eyents.

Women make big hIt In Wisconsin as
real ''hired farm hands"
Secretary Cortelyou il at work pre-
pairing an AUTHORIZED life Of William Nc
Kinley.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-09-26
EvhDEs EDICT OF COURT.
Standard Oil Company Still Doing
Business In Texas.

New York, Sept. 2O.-Evidence was
adduced at the hearing of the federal
suit against the Standard Oil company
Of New Jersey, which Frank B. Kel-
logg, who is conducting the govern
ment's action, says tends to prove
that the Standard Oil company is op-
Grating in Texas under the name of
the Corsicana Refining company. The
Texas antitrust laws forbid the Stand
ard Oil company from doing business
within that state. Mr.. Kellogg devel-
oped from Wesley M. Tilford, treas
urer Of the Standard Oil company,
that H. C. Folger and G. NJ. Payne,
who, Mr.. Kellogg said, We're the own
ers of the Corsicana company, are Off
cials of the Standard Oil company.
Mr.. Kellogg further developed the
fact that John D. Rockefeller owned
more than a one-fourth interest in the
old Standard Oil trust. Mr.. Tilford
testified that it vas correct that Mr..
Rockefeller owned 256,S54 shares out
of a total Of 972,50O shares of Stand.
ard Oil trust certificates in 1892 and
that later an assignment was made
transferring to Mr.. Rockefeller his
proportionate interest in the stocks
Of the subsidiary companies.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-09-26
HosT|LI1IES At AN END
Leading Moroccan Tribes Agree
to Frech Terms of Peace.

Paris, Sept. 25.-Peace has been de-
clared in Morocco. The delegates Of
three important tribes have accepted
the French peace overtures inaugu-
rated Monday and will see that the
terms of the agreement are carried
out. Hostilities are now at an end.
The government Monday evening re-
ceived with great satisfaction a dis
patch from Rear Admiral Philibert,
the commander of the French naval
forces in Moroccan waters, saying
that as a result Of the conference Mon
day at General Drude's headquarters
between the French naval and mill.
tary commanders and nineteen caids,
representing the O%uleseeyan, Zenata
and Zyaida tribes, the three tribes
have accepted Internationally the
peace terms offered by France.
To secure the carrying out Of this
convention, two notables Of each tribe
shall be given up as hostages. The
delegates Of the ~Ouleseeyan, Zenata
and Zyaida tribes Immediately named
their hostages and signed the capitu
latiOn.