davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
NOT OBLIGED To PAY
RECIPIENT OF A TELEGRAM MAY
RETURN 1T AFTER READING.

"Of the many popular suggestions which
are erroneous" said a telegrapher to a Star
reporter, "one is that the addressee or the
receiver OF a telegram, upon which the tolls
are TO be collected, must pay the charges IL
he opens the envelope and reads the mes
sage.
This. however Is not correct but it is
astonishing how universal is this belief.
There are many ways of accounting for it,
and perhaps one may be attributed to the
fact that letter sent through the mails
upon which postage is due and collectable.
is surrendered to the addressee only upon
the payment of the necessary deficient
postage.
Much more Importance attaches TO
telegram than 20 letter on the part OF the
recipient, and il is seldom that a person will
refuse to receive and to pay for tele
gram sent collect though an individual
might refuse to pay the additional postage
due upon a letter. holding that If the sender
did not esteem II of sufficient importance
10 fully prepay it, the addressee did not
care to receive 1t. But there is always more
or less Importance regarding a telegram
and many persons have received a collect
telegram aud then afterward kicked them
selves because they were required 10 pay
the charges.
But telegram may be opened read and
refused, precisely as the addressee of a let
ter may refuse 10 receive a letter. In the
the envelope, but indorses thereon the words
refused by addresses, and signs his name
and this is the course to pursue with tele-
gram which the addressee does not desire
10 accept, only the envelope may first be
opened.
The telegraph company protects itself in
always insisting at the time of the receipt
of q collect message that the sender shall
deposit with the receiver a sufficient sum
TO pay for the full tolls, and if this is not
demanded and received by the clerk ac-
cepting the message he is held personally
responsible by the company in the event
of the message being refused at the other
end of the line.
Many persons send collect kilograms
often at great length and considerable cost
as means OF annoyance or a joke on
the recipient but the joke may be turned
on the other fellow by simply refusing to
pay the charges. There is one exception.
however, to the rule, and the public might
bear IL in mind to advantage. Often tele-
grams are sent which require direct and
Immediate answer. In these instances the
collect charges are expected TO be paid
whether the recipient likes the r.essage or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
German Workmen's Insurance.

Consul Frank S. Hannah, writing from
Madgeburg, says that on November II was
celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of
the founding of the workmens insurance
by Emperor William l. This insurance.
which is compulsory, is designed to assist
the laboring classes when they are incapac-
itated for work, owing to accident, sickness
or old age. and has grown in the past TWEEN
tyfive years to be one of the largest and
most beneficial systems of insurance ever
devised During this period over $952, OOO,-
600 has been paid out to 60, O00 600 people.
The small premiums for this insurance,
which are paid by the cancellation of
stamps, and the accruing personal benefits,
etc. were treated in detail In Mr.. Hannah's
report last year in special publication by
the bureau OF manufacturers, entitled
Life Insurance in Foreign Countries
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12

q
greatest speed" ordered SAKE. "cuirassier,
a. q 6ussar, and well exercised in the use
OF the sword Every squadron must attack
the enemy Sword IN hand, and no COM
mander shall be allowed to fire save under
penalty OF the most infamous chasierfng II
Until Frederick the Great came, there
was no cutrassiers to rival those OF Mer-
shall SAKE, but the warlike German de-
veloped a body that did most remarkable
fighting.
Under Napoleon.
Napoleon, with customary sagacity,
adopted all that was best OF every system,
and the finer points Of the knowledge OF
SAKE and Frederick he applied to his own
cuirassiers. In 1906 against the Prussians
at Jena and Auerstadt, they did matchless
work, and were responsible for these sue
cesses.
That command Of cuirassiers under KEEL
lerman at Marengo numbered only 200, but
It turned a rout into a victory, and by q
rush Of matchless valor put the Austrian
army to flight after what seemed GER
tain victory. The 200 cuirassiers were d.
rectly responsible for the taking Of 1900
prisoners. and the saving Of Napoleon from
the threat Of a serious defeat.
Napoleon violated the law Of SAKE. and
permitted his cuirassiers to use their ire
arms when they could be employed to good
advantage. They did this at Eylau.
At Austerlitz and Wagram the cniras-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
HOW TO FATTEN OYSTERS.
Government Experiments at Lynn
haven, Va, Promise Good Results.

From Country Life in America
The oyster-eating public is already ia
miliar with the process of fattening adopted
by some INSCRIPTIONS dealers in oysters.
This consists merely in throwing the oys-
tiers Into fresh water, which they absorb
In large quantities and become plump The
flavor is thereby injured and there is dan
ger of injecting the oysters with typhoid.
AT Lynnhaven, Va, the United States
bureau of fisheries has been working for
several years on a plan to establish an
artificial fattenfng bed for oysters. The
oyster lives chiefly on diatoms and other
microscopic marine plants. These plants
require for their growth a large supply of
inorganic salts in the water. The neces-
sary plant food is supplied by putting com
mercial fertilizers into the water
The fattening bed must be in shallow
water, so as 10 have a relatively high tenn
perature. A wall is maintained around
the fattening ground as to retain the
fertilizer and diatoms. Even after the dia
toms have multiplied enormously the ovs-
tiers receive no benefit from them unless n
current Is maintained in the water to carry
the food to the oysters
Sait water is pumped in to prevent the
1attenlng beds from becoming too fresh
and a little lime is added TO the water IN
prevent the growth of algae and other
plants which would give a disagreeahle
flavor to the oysters. Too much lime on
the other hand, will destroy the food plants
of the oyster
Inc process seems somewhat comnlica tad
out 1t has been demonstrated to be feasfbre
and to yield fine results in the number a ~ =
quality of oysters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
riers then. but the sentiment Of the nation
was so much against 1t that the project
was Oostponed,
Had a Great History.

| hau u 0TeaC History.
No wonder France loved its cuirassiers.
! They had a great history. In every war of
the patrie they cut a superb figure, and
| until they lowered their colors at Waterloo
to the valor of the Scots Grays, the word
had come to believe them invincible.
There are not many cuirassiers left In the
| worlds armies The abortion of the thir-
teen French regiments will leave three
countries with this arm Of the service
Russia, Germany and Italy.
Germany has twelve regiments and Rus
STA four, but 1t is altogether possible that
the kaiser and car will follow the lead Of
the French.
Yet only a few hundred years ago the
man in the cuirass was the ideal fighter.
Before the deadly quick firing rife and
| machine gun had come to deal out death as
| swiftly and surely as a barrel organ grinds
out tune, the cuirass was sufficiently eff
fective to turn aside bullets.
Gustavus Adolphus. the greatest warrior
of Sweden, first taught the world what a
wonderful fighting possibility there could be
in a well-drilled company of expert horse
men, able to maneuver with lightning swift
ness SO well protected as to be compare
| lively immune from danger, and having in
their pixies, lances or sabres and the ire
sistible onrush of their mounts the force
to wipe any ordinary antagonist out of the
way. Only an equally powerful force of
| cuirassiers could resist such force, and
the military experts of Europe. profiting by
the lessons by Gustavus. directed their at
tention to perfecting this feature of often
sive warfare.
England then had it's cuirassiers though
they have long since been abandoned in
the service of the British king.
Point of Perfection.
,, France early took up the subject and
| under Louis XIII developed several excel
lent regiments. Louis XIV numbered among
his military advisers such eminent tao
tic!ans as Luxembourg, Turenne and Condo
and these pushed the cuirassiers to a still
finer point of perfection.
The Cull cSsier of this period was heavily
accoutered. carrying besides saber and pis-
toll q lance or pike.
Then came the famous Marshal SAKE to
carry along still further the work of prep
aration that was to give Napoleon the
finest cuirassiers in Europe.
1t Marshal SAKE who laid down the
code that for many hard engagement was
the law of the cuirassier.
"All evolutions must be made at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
FRENCH CU|RASS|ERS
Record of Three Centuries of
Wonderful Victories.
BRANDED AS ANTIQUATED
Idols of France Will Be Abolished by
Government.
SUCCESS IN NAPOLEON1C WARS
Battle With Scots Grays at Waterloo
Was Turning Point Of
That Conflict.
SUCCESS IN NAPOLEON1C WARS
Written for The Star.

Written for The Star
The glory OF the French army-the cui-
rassier-has fought his last battle.
What the armies Of the world could not
accomplish In the wars of three centuries
Is to be achieved in a stroke of the pen by
q French military official, and in few
months the cuirassier will be only ira
dition.
The snowy soldier on horseback, wearing
his flashing breastplate of steel, with a
brass piece in the center, has ever been
the idol of the show-loving French nation,
and the winner OF some of its greatest bat
ties but modern methods of warfare have
put out Of commission the equipment that
comes down from the middle ages.
No cuirass, no matter how craftily
wrought, could resist the bullet of today,
and 80 Cen de Negrier, French minister
Of war has decreed that the thirteen regi-
rnents Of cuirassiers must be mustered out,
their horses used for the batteries of field
artillery, which the department is rapidly
organizing and the men themselves either
turned adrift or given places in other
branches of the artillery.
The fact is the cuirass has passed Its
usefulness. Every recent war has shown
that. Fifty years of battle show not a
war in which the armored soldier has been
successful. In our own civil war neither
of the contestants made use of armored
warriors.
Napoleon III did turn the cuirassiers
loose in the Franco-Prussian war. but
though they fought with unequaled BRAY
cry at Gravelotte, where they bore the
brunt of the most spectacular charge of the
struggle. their courage could not make up
for their somewhat outworn equipment.
Moreover they were fighting against better
men, better guns and better horses.
In the frightful carnage of Grave!otte
the cuirassiers sustained the greater part
of the damage. and whole companies We're
wiped out. At the end of the struggle,
when the reorganization of the French
army began, some OF the experts, who were
farsighted, were for abolshing the cuiras
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12

when only eight years old She married
the Marquis of Otero when she was only
thirteen years old. eioped from him at
sssn and was divorced from him In
Many men with royal names have in
vowed themselves In serious trouble for
love OF this siren OF the dance. The
brother OF the Empress OF Germany the
Duke Ernest Gunther of Schleswis,Ho
stein, was omitted from the court circular
on account of his persistent attentions to
Otero, and II was even said that the Crown
victim to her charms
Otero, after a long and varied career in
which at various periods she has been
a aE' In every capital OF Europe, has
nnaily decided to settle down and marry a
wealthy Englishman named Webb
But she will not quit the stage. Like
women VINO once taste the Joy of reigning
as an empress of the dance. she is deter
mined to continue TO pirouette her way
into the applause of the multitude and
more now than ever since, as a part re-
suit of her own inimitable art dancers all
over the world are reaping a harvest such
as none could have predicted ten years
ago.
Spanish Girl Best Dancer.
The Spanish girl is generally esteemed
to be the best dancer, with the Italian
second. The daughters OF CASTLE have a
dash and passionate abandon that seems
to be lacking in other women, who. while
they may possess lmitless grace, do not
Undue the measures OF the dance with the
proper fire.
In Spain they have never ceased to love
the dance. The composers OF that country
have neglected opera in favor of dance
music, because they found in the latter
easier and quicker road to popularity,
And the women of the south of Spain viii
go through any amount of arduous effort
in order to master a famous step.
For the great dance OF the flamenco they
regard 1t as no hardship to begin practic-
ing In childhood and work for eight years,
In order to finally obtain perfection.
There are some figures in this dance that
really put the performer to a terrific mus
cular strain, but the delight ii gives TO the
throngs and the resulting applause is al
ways felt to be liberal repayment TO the
artist.
Alfonso will have to make a battle IN
order to monopolize the star dancers of the
capitals of Europe At the opera house, a
dozen theaters and dance halls, Paris has
use for as many hgh-class dancers as IL
can get. In fact, the supply is short OF the
demand.
Vienna is another capital that will pay
any price to feast itself in the perfection
of art motion, and London makes de-
mands, which are seconded by the rich
returns from theatrical tours OF the United
States.
1t is the day of the dancer, a time when
the properly educated feet OF pretty
woman are worth far more in salary than
the cultivated brains of a college pro-
fessor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
Dangerous Scrap Iron.


from The London Times.
The explanation of the explosion on
Thursday evening at the Upper horest
steel works, Morriston, Glamorganshire, Is
found in the practice to feed the furnaces
with one-third of pig iron, one third of
heavy scrap iron and one-third OF light
scrap iron. Most OF the scrap is purchased
from the government dockyards and con-
sists Largely of shells. These shells are sup
posed to be emptied by the dockyard au-
thorities, but 1t is asserted that in the pres
ent case one of the shells must have been
loaded, for when it was cast into the
heated furnace a great explosion at once
took place. The molten metal. the brick
work Of the furnace and the roof were
blown in all directions, and six men were
injured, two of them seriously. A previous
explosion of a similar character occurred
at the same works eighteen months ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
Old Customs in English Armv

From the Court Journal
There was considerable heartburning in
the Royal Watch Fusiliers on the RECENT
OF the order that the knot Of black ribbon
known as the flash" worn at the back of
'he collar was to be removed but this order
only referred to the service dress, and with
full dress the flash has to be worn as
hitherto This has now been officialIy
made known. and has caused great salts
faction to this distinguished regiment. The
flash was originally introduced at the
period when all soldiers wore their hair
In powder and pigtails, and it's purposes
was to keep the uniform at the back free
from powder and grease
All regiments prize especially any dis
tinguishing mark in their uniform In for
mer days regiments had grenadiers and
light companies on their TANKS. and these
companies were distinguished by a gren-
ade for the grenadiers and bugle for the
light company on their collars and it would
be a good thing if=this old custom could be
revived.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
British Artistic Depression.
From the Yorkshire Post,

Academic art perhaps in greater de-
gree than art generally has late years en-
tered upon period of difficulty. Many ar
lists have appeared in the papers as being
In financial difficulties, and even some deal
ers, and the Royal Academies of Scotland
and Ireland, at least, have experienced a
certain amount of dislocation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
Europe's Best Infantrymen.
From Worlds Work.

WOfIuB WOfk.
Any one who has seen Swiss troops on
parade and on the march cannot fail to be
struck by the exceptionally fine physique OF
the men. No country in Europe-perhaps
none in the world-can furnish material so
admirably adapted for the making of the
ideal foot soldier.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-12
Daughter Of a Countess.

Otero, who is mentioned as one of the
stars that Alfonso hopes to take to Mad
rid, is noblewoman, daughter Of the
Count and Countess Carassaw. She was
born in Italy and gained fame as a dancer
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1907-04-18
CAPT. TOWNSENA
BADLY INJU&D
Well Known County Citizen h9ovn
From His Buggy at HE a he
Tuesday Night W

Capt. ", r. Townsend, the we'll
knewn member of the county com.
sioners and one Of the best known
men in the county, was painfully In.
jured Tuesday night at his home at
Anguills, by being thrown from bis
buggy.
Capt. Townsend. after the acci-
dent on the A., B. d A. near his
nome, and httched up a mule TO a
buggy for the purpose of driving to
a telephone in order to send to Bruins
wick for a physician Upon return
ing to his home, or when near his
house.. the mule became frightened
at something alongside the road
and gave a sudden turn into the
woods. turning the buggy over en-
tiTely.
Capt. Townsend was thrown heaV.
lily to the ground. striking on ais
right side. His shoulder. back and
other portions Of the body were
bruised up considerably, but fortu-
nately no bones were broken Capt
Townsend was Immediately removed
Cc his home and nas been In bel
since the accident, While the ac-
cident is not considered serious,
Capt Townsend suffered much pain.
a report from his home yesterday af-
ternoon stated that he was still in
bed. being almost unable to move
and was still suffering as a result of
he accident.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1907-04-18
WORK TO BEGIN IN
Mem FIJI. 5I!.55I6a
Material is Now Being Received in
the city for the Improved
Gamewel sSstem.

work VIII shortly begin on the
pew GamewclIAHre alarm system.
which is TO be installed by an AT
lauta fire alarm company.
Considerable Of the material to be
used by the new system has already
been received and is being stored
away by Chief Green to be used
when the force arrives here from
Atlanta to install the system.
1t Is understood that the actula
work will begin within the next week
or 10 and It will not take very long
to complete the system. Severai
men will be engaged in the work.
When the system is completed
Brunswick will have one Of the best
fire alarm systems IN the south. It
will be of the latest style IN every
Narticular and like that IN use now
T. most OF toe cities in the south.
Nchief Green Is anxious to see the
new system completed.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1907-04-18

Work OF Decorating the Armory &
Now Going on--The Contes.s
Will be Interesting.

Preparations for the Eagles fair
are going rapidly forward and the
Rihemen's amory is assuming q fes-
live air he tricolors Of the Eagles,
red. white and blue. will be the
scheme used throughout.
The tooths are Of novel form and
tile whole fair promises to be a
series Of surprises.
The Ladies Of the Macc&sees viii
have entire charge OF the fair ana
are doing all in their power to en-
volye interesting novelties and con
tQ fer she different eooths q
Various srti les OF decided value
aaI worth viii be yo cd for Do2u.
dar people and these contests al-
ways make a good deal Of good ma
tured rivalry.
Among the contests will be a fine
fountain pen for the most popular
bachelor druggist In the city.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1907-04-18
JEROME WILL FIGHT
EFFORT 70 GET =
THAN OUT
ANNOUNCES THAT HE WILL BIT.
TERLY OPPOSE ANY MoVE FOR
BAIL MADE BY ATTORNEYS
FOR THAW.

New York, Aprn 17.--Tnat Dis
trict Attorney Jerome intends to
keep Harry X. Thsw in the toombs
until his next trial was shown to
Gay, in an interview with Attorney
O'Reiliy. representing ThaS Mr..
1eromo told lhe attorney thS ne
would resist tothe very end any no
tion looking 70 tne release of Th
on bond. 1t made no difference how
strong the bond should be.
1t is thought that the determine
ton of Mr. Jerome to keep Thaw in
Jail viii mean tnat the rich pris.
oner will have to languish in the
cell in the toonRbs until the next
trial which will be some time in the
fall Even if the plea is made That
the health of Tnaw demands his re
lease the district attorney will fight
1t TO the bitter END.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1907-04-18
RET J9HS OF
DAMAGE BY COLD
Later Reports Indicate That Farm
ers in This Section Have
Lost Most of Crops.

The havoc wrought by the cold
weather Of Saturday and Sunday
night has DEVELOPED into a more
serious matter than was at first
thought.
Throughout many section of south
Georgia more than half of the cot
ton crop was UP and growing nicely
and every bit of 1t has been killed.
The cold r9ke all records and tae
damage is without parallel PracU-
cally the entire corn crop Of tho en-
lire state was killed. The fruit crop
as kiIlei out completely in every
locality and The crop Is a practica az
loss. This alone means much to
the state.
Aside from the immense amount
Of labor and cost of seed in plant
Ing ever tho corn and cotton crop
IT means that the greatest cost win
como from decreased production as
Il IS now too late to obtain a fun
Yield OF corn or cotton when plant
ed a8 late IS now. This viii event.
uauy foot up TO millions OF dollars.
The rain coming alter the fleeze
ana cold viii probably be sue ceed-
ed Is warm weather and prepara-
lions for planting win be commen-
ced in earnest. 1t viii mean lots or
work to the farmers and much de-
lay, bat the farmers are confident
and hey say they will 60 back to
work again.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1907-04-18
SOUTHERN WILL
REDUCE FORCE
Number of Men to be Cut OF L
Division Offices Says a P.Lort
From Atlantis.

The following from yesterdays
Atlanta Journal will be of Interest
in this city though 1t is hardly prob
able that It will effect the Southern
force here:
On May Is 1t Is reported. there
viii be a general cut IN the clerical
orcea Of all the division Offices OF
tfo Southern railway. Whether the
reduction OF of1ce employees is to be
made In &C ordance with the policy
Of economy now said to be prevalent
OF IS simply tho usual reduction
that comes each spring preparatory
O the light summer business. can
not be learned
Neither a denial nor condrma-
lion Of the report could be secured
from local officials Tuesday It is
known however. that some OF the Al
lauta once men haze already re-
celyad notices. of the coming cut.
It is also understood that depart
mcnts tnrouBhor the Southern and
western divisions, Of which Atlanta
la headquarters, and the northern
and eastern Oh which Washington il
he headquarters. viii feel the effects
Of tlh reduction just how many
mer will be thrown out
If employment is not kngBn. Tho
probability Is that each &Hlce will
lose from four 10 six meg