The farmer and mechanic., 1907-08-20

ed to a piece of wood bent inward al
an acute angle. The end piece II
shod with iron. and does the plow1ng
The pole Is hitched to q buffalo OIL
OK by means Of a.yoke. and the farm
er walks along by the p1ow holding
its single handle, which consists Of q
stick set almost upright into the
pole.
The harrow Of Egypt Is q roller pro-
vided with iron spikes, and the chief
digging instrument Is mattock-liks
hoe.
The most of the grain here Is Gu,
with sickels or pulled out by the
roots. Wheat and barley are thresh-
ed by laying them inside g. ring OF
Well pounded ground and driving a
Sledge which rests on a roller over
them. The roller has sharp semi-cir-
cular pieces OF iron set into It, and IT
Is drawn by oxen, buHaloes or camels.
Sometimes the grain Is trodden out
by the feet OF the animals without
the use Of the rollers, and sometimes
sled runners which aid in hulling the
grain. Peas and beans are also
threshed in this way The grain is
winnowed by the wind. The ears are
spread out on the threshfng floor and
the gfains pounded Off with clubs
or sheiled by hand.
Much of the corn is cut and laid
on the banks of the canal until tho
people have time to husk and shell II.
Ihen the leaves are stripped off the
fodder, and the stalks are tied up and
laid on the tops OF tho houses for
fuel.
Camels as Hay Racks.
The chief means of carryfnn farm
produce from one place to another is
on bullocks and camels. The camel
Is taken out into the corn field while
the harvesting is going on. AS the
men cut the corn they tie it up into
great bundles and hang one on each
side of his hump. The ordinary
camel can carry about one-ffth as
much as one horse hitched to a wae-
on, or one-tenth as buch as a two
horse team. Hay, straw and green
elover are often carried from tn
helds to the markets on cemels Sucb
crops are put up in bag-like net
work, which Ats over the camel's
hump, and makes him look like
straw stack walking off upon legs
Some OF the farmers who cannot az
purposes and these little animals NAV
often be seen going along the roads
carrying bags OF grain balanced upon
their backs.
A Land Of Wheat and BARLEY.
L have always looked upon Egyut
II land OF wheat and barley as well.
The sugar and cotton fields ell told
cover about million and a han
acres, and they take up only about
one-fourth Of the tiliable land. There
is twice as much farming country
devoted to grain. The wheat and
barley fields cover L7bo,00o acres,
and there are moro than a million
acres in Indian corn There are some
thing like 100000 acres IN rniliet and
sorghum. The delta raises almost all
OF the cotton and aome Of the sugar.
Central and upper Egypt are srnin
countries, and in Central Egypt In
dian and Kafhr corn are the chief
summer crops Kafftr corn is, 10 a
large extent the food OF the poorer
teHahs, and 1t is eaten by the. BE-
douins who live In the desert along
the edges Of the Nile valley
Egypt raises q great deal OF hay and
IL produces some of the very best
clover. The Egyptian clover is known
as bersine. 1t has rich feeding ouaN-
ties and a small bundle of 1t is enough
to satisfy camel It is cut and car
ried into the cities for sale on the
backs OF eamels and donkeys, ana n
also grazed.
Stock Farming in Egypt.
Egypt is a great stock country. For
lts sm2u elze it Supports, I venture, as