davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Adair County news. [volume] (Columbia, Ky.) 1897-1987, 1907-12-18
ANARCHY AT BROWNSVILLE.

The intimidation of the people,
the cowardice of the courts, the
failure of officers to do their duty
and the contemplate dem
agoguery Of politicians that al
lowed the perpetrators of the
outrage committed at Princeton,
about a year ago, in the destruc
ton of tobacco warehouses by
armed outlaws and the same
negative and wishy washy inves-
tigation of later outrages, Gull
minated Friday night in a band
of anarchists. red handed and
masked, riding into the city of
Hopkinsville, dynamiting pro-
erty, intimidating the people.
shooting up the town. Great as
the outrage is shamelesly as it
was conducted it was but the
natural outgrowth of the failure
of the law to punish minor offense
of similar nature, that has been
going on in that section for a
year. No greater crime has ever
been committed in Kentucky
than the one at Hopkinsville. 1t
is a crime aginst the age we live
in, against civilization. 1t is a
crime that brings the blush of
shame to the cheek of every
honest Kentuckian. 1t must be
the parting of the ways. Either
anarchy and lawlessness must
rule and every man with force
must protect his own rights, the
Court Houses be torn down and
courts abolished, or else, there
must be a reign of law and the
felons and outlaws who commit
ted this crime, mot against the
tobacco trust) but aginst the
State of Kentucky must be
brought to speedy justice. Every
citizen must determine now
whether he will stand for law or
anarchy. The Society Of Equity,
composed as it is a mojority of
good men, must use its utmost
efforts to bring to the bar of
justice every man in the Hopkins
vile mob, or stand convicted at
the bar of public opinion as guilty
of breeding felons and outlaws.
-E-Town News.
The Adair County news. [volume] (Columbia, Ky.) 1897-1987, 1907-12-18
ADVICE TO HUNTERS.

An exchange gives this advice
to sportsmen:
Don't ever attempt to crawl
through a woven wire fence with
your gun cooked.
Always unload your gun when
you come to a barbed wire fence.
Even then it is unsafe to crawl
through. Hurdle it, which is
best done with about a fifteen
yard run; tunnel under it when
a pocket knife will come an
handy or go around.
No good hunter ever shoots a
rabbit when quail hunting ex-
cept as a favor to the owner of
the land. Rabbits nibble green
corn stalks in the spring of the
year and otherwise damage
crops.
If you are entirely sure that
you killed a bird and the dog
can't find it, catch him and beat
him over the ears with your fist.
This always increases his imagi-
nation, which is just as essen
tial in a hunting dog as in the
master.
Always leave a male and a fe-
male out of every large covey
to provide a brood for next sea-
son. 1t don't make so much
difference about the small coveys.
Never allow a dog to ride in
the wagon. A dog is not fit to
hunt unless he has to run at
least ten miles before he goes
into the field. He ought to run
equally as far after the hunt to
keep him from cooling off too
quickly.
Never start out without bot
tie of ipecac. Most of the snakes
are in their holes, but you might
encounter one that hadn't found
his, or hers, respectively.
Never start out with a gun
weighing over nine pounds. By
night twill be heavy enough for
any kind of game to be found in
these parts.
The carrying power of a quail
is double it's own weight. This
means that it can fly away with
six or seven ounces of No. 8shot.
If a man refuses to let you
hunt on his land invite him out
behind the barn and. ask him if
he won't have a little.
Remember that statistics show
that fully one half the game kill
ed cannot be found.
Remember also that the birds
are very small and the guns
double choked this year, SO that
it is not as easy to kill forty
nine with fifty shells as it was
three years ago this fall.
If there are four in the party
and a single bird gets up no more
than two should shoot at it.
More than two loads of shot are
likely to mutilate it, making it
difficult to divide equitably.
-
The Adair County news. [volume] (Columbia, Ky.) 1897-1987, 1907-12-18

Every copy Of every issue adver-
tises the town and county. This
is all free advertising. 1t costs
the town and county nothing. It
is a part of the business. In
view of this fact, which no one
can dispute, it is much better to
pat the printer on the shoulder
now and then or to speak kindly
to him than to kick him. If you
were in the business you would
at once realize the amount Of
free work you were doing for
your county, and the next thing
that would be presented to you
would be the sad and wilful neg
!lect the people exhibit in failing
to support this kind of a paper
both by subscribing and firmly
refusing to send one item of job
work away from the paper
which has proven its worth. -Ex.
Mrs. Bloodgood, and actress.
committed suicide by shooting
herself in her room at the Hotel
Stafford in Baltimore. Mrs. Blood
goods body was found lying on
the bed with a bullet hole though
the roof of her mouth. Nearby
lay a book entitled "How to shoot
Straight" and 38-caliber revol-
yer with three chambers empty.
William Gray was shot and
killed by his sister-in-law as he
was trying to enter her her house
in Pendleton county, near Fal-
mouth, in search Of his brother
against whom he had grudge.
The Constitutional Amendment
making a tax receipt a necessary
qualification for voters was
showed under at the recent cleo
ton by a majority of 121, 900.
The vote stood 158, 288 against to
Sc, $50 for the Amendment. Only
four counties went for the
Amendment.
The Adair County news. [volume] (Columbia, Ky.) 1897-1987, 1907-12-18

The Columbia Steam Laundry is now
ready for family washing. Will not re-
ceive at this time shirts, collars, ect.
G. Rasner.
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-19
Andy Shipley, work road dist.

Nv ~ -
Bill of Logan Hendon, for $156.5o wit
ness fees in Oscar Carr case, was cut to
$500 and ordered paid by warrant.
Bill Of M. c. Coleman, for S2o.1o STEM
ographer, in Ed. Ware case wa ordered
paid by warrant.
The board spent the balance of the
afternoon checking bills and on motion
adjourned to 9 a. n. Jan. Is.
9 a. m, Jan. Is. 1907.
The board convened pursuant to ad-
tournament; present Fred Koesel, DIV.
Mckenzie and Andrew Jopp.,
On motion bills of Frank kim and
w. A.. Carter, for services as registry
board, in the second ward, city of Dick
inson, were reduced from $500 each to
$500 each as only n day is required
by law for the services of such board.
The same reductions were made in
the Ist ward for the same reason, effect.
ing the following parties, each to receive
s. instead of 81 as returned, viz:
S. L. Cuskelly, ]. A. Regan and F. L.
Roquette.
Election cost bills in the various pre-
cincts throughout the county as listed
below. we're IN motion allowed and or
dered paid by warrant, viz:
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-19
Saturday, Jan 10, o
LOCAL NEWS.

Try the Metropolitan Gale bread.
1t will please you. I-I2 If
J. H. Shurtliff drove in from north of
Gladstone Monday morning.
New and artistic furniture arriving
daily at Frankenberg's. 4-I-tf
A son was born Sunday to Mr.. and
Mrs. L. D. Sundquist of this city.
The Northwestern Building Co., Dick
inson, does general contracting. Have
them figure on job. 1-5-tf
C.J. Phelan lett Tuesday to enter a
wholesale grain exporting house in
Chicago.
Every thing in small musical instru-
ments and supplies at Scherffus,' the
new jeweler. IL 8-tf
Miss Alice Crowley of Hebron and
Broncho has entered the Forums piano
and exposition contest.
Oscar Vallancey arrived Friday from
Mandan and left the first of the week
for his claim about 60 miles out.
Art squares are ingram carpets woven
in one piece. W. are showing new
patterns in the Richardson quality. G.
b. F~rankenberg. 5-26.tf
Joe Burkheimer, while handling coal
at the electric light plant, had a finger
crushed and it was necessary to ampu.
tate the end of the injured member.
We carry the largest stock of blank
books in the city. Everything from a
SC memo. to a 500 page ledger. Nc.
Donald q Pomroy. 3-3I-ti
Mrs. S. S. Sutherland and little son
accompanied the Davis party 10 st.
Paul Monday where a specialist will be
consulted in regard to the boys ear.
The Jefferies children gave a. dancing
party SATURDAY. evening to twenty-five Of
the "Hill" children. F. M. Smith
played for the dancing. Supper wa.
spread in the dining room and all had a
delightful evening.
George E. Ryder is expected from
Pittsburg, Pa, today and will take
charge of the PRESS job and mechani
cal room Feb. 1. Mr.. Ryder is a younf
man who has had general experience
as a press and advertising man and If
the job line his experience has beer
gained in the cities Of the east, notabl,
in a leading job office in Boston.
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-19

Bill OF w. ID. keeney, deputy sheriff
in the Ed. Ware inquest case, vas re-
duced from s11.55 to $500.
Bill Of A. +. Crowl & Co., was reduced
from s3o.65 to $12.o5 and ordered paid
by warrant, account part of said bill not
county charge.
Bill of Anton Schmidtbauer, coroner,
in the Ed. Ware inquest case, was on
motion reduced from S62.7o to $1,000
and ordered paid by warrant.
The following bills were on motion al
lowed and ordered paid by warrant, viz:
T. N. Hartung, services and mileage,
and board of prisoners. .$1873 IS
T. N. Hartung, mileage, deliv-
ering ballot boxes and attend
ance in court. 422 IS
Myrtle v. Hartung, washing fer
prisoners and cleaning court
house :......~.............. 81 IS
T. N. Hartung, stamps, tele-
peone 81 10
Roquette Bros. merchandise
furnished sheriff for prisoners
Jail and jury. ............. 100 80
Robt. Craig, mileage, deputy.
sheriff Observation-Disclosures. 50 90
Robt. Craig, mileage, deputy
Lyon & Son, team hire, taking
RI. Craig to Gladstone. and
also with same deputy hunt.
ing Oscar Carr murderer. 28 90
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-19
SUBSCRIBE for the PRESS
M. l.. Mcbride. exnense as

Nj: l.. Mcbride, expense as
States attorney ~ e
M. L. Mcbride, expense as
States Observation-Disclosures. 10 50
w. F. Burnett, postage........ AZ 40
Drs: Smith. hospital lees, VIM.
Fisher....................,.. 8 90
Lloyd RAIDER. mileage, postage
ste;:;:....:.........:....:.. 3o2 "a
pauper Dickinson to Glendive Z 20
Quarterly reports were received from
the following justices Of the peace:
A. P: Folsom. J. van der Las and
Benz. Webb,
In !. a der Las reports fees OF com
planning witness were cut Out and the
balance of expense therein contained
was ordered paid by warrant. Fees of
the justice in the BENZ. Webb report for
the last quarter were ordered paid by
warrant. Other justice reports not act
ed upon, accounts having been referred
to the states attorney.
On motion the board fixed the salary
Of the county auditor in the unorganized
counties attached to Stark county at
$500 per year.
On motion the board adjourned to o
a. m, January II.
J. S. WHITE, County Auditor.
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-19
c. H. oliver was in from Haley hi.

c. II. Oliver wal in from Haley this
week.
Rev. FIR. O'Neil Of jamestown visited
in this city Thursday.
JIG. Johnson of Medora was in Dick
inson on Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. P. Hansen left We'd
nesday night for Oregon.
Furnished room with bath to rent.
Inquire at PRESS Office. I-Io.tf
H.. c. Short came down from bis Bill.
lings county ranch on Wednesday.
Commissioner Frank Roberts came
down from Medora the first of the week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Griswold's chill
dren are recovering from their severe
illness.
c. R. Hamilton of Terre Haute, Ind.
arrived in this city Thursday to file on a
claim.
Wallis Huidekoper was in Dickinson
this week. having recently returned from
the east.
The George Heaton Lumber Co. is
completing an additional warehouse and
carpenter shop.
A. y. Nassett OF Taylor was in the city
on Monday in consultation with Supt.
RAIDER on school matters.
Attorney G. A. McFarlane. who has
been in St. Paul and points east for sew
eral weeks, returned here Wednesday.
Charles Kono, with the pile driving
crew west, spent Sunday at home. He
reports a great amount Of SNOW west of
Glendive.
Henry Knobf Of Lisbon left here
Thursday for his claim in the Haley
country. He is making the trip with
lumber to enlarge his buildings and is
also taking with him fifty head of cattle.
He will be joined by his family in the
early spring.
On Sunday evening at a meeting OF
the men of St. Johns church, it was
voted t organize a mems club and R.
d. Lyle and w. D. Kirkman were ap-
pointed to draw up a constitution and
bylaws and report at a meeting called
for next Sunday evening.
At St. Patrick's church Sunday morn
ing the bans were read for the first time
announcing the intended marriage of
Miss Rose Anna Connolly to John Fran
els Heenan. The marriage will take
place on Wednesday evening, February
6, at St. Patrick's church.
Miss Beth Johnson gave a very pleas
ant party Monday to a company of her
giil friends on the occasion of her
eleventh birthday. Games and dancing
we're enjoyed and a nice lunch served.
Miss Beth received many pretty gifts.
The Missouri Slope Brick & Tile Co.
has finished burning the second kiln of
brick, mostly fire brick, and the works
will be closed down until the weather
gets warmer. VIM. ]. Simms, superin-
tendent, lett Wednesday night for Glen
dive to visit his wife for a few DAYS.
Miss Anna is still clerking in a dry
goods house in Miles City, but will
likely move to Dickinson with her
mother early in the spring.
w. J. Sheets, who has a claim west OF
Saltwater. had a very rough trip I this
city this week. He arrived here Thurs.
day morning and stated that the roads
we're so heavy, travelling was almost
impossible. Wednesday night he be.
came lost, got on the wrong, road and
would have remained out all night had
it not been for a light left burning in a
farm house, which place he was able tc
make and put up for the night. Mr.
Sheets family is in this city for the
winter but expect to move out to the
claim in the early spring.
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-19
For Sale

Good Groom house, stable, buggy and
coal shed with four lots on southwest
corner, high and slightly; good we'll of
soft water. Will be sold cheaper than
you can build and part on time at 800.
Address J. E. COBB, Montclair, Colo.
II.2A.ff
The Dickinson press., 1907-01-19
with. Press.

All who pay one full year In advance to the
PRESS are entitled to the following club rate.
Tor the PRESS and paper or periodical named
for one year:
P Pssss and Weekly Inter Ocean %
fn ma9 sId mwipe'''Wsek Minneapolis Far
PEEss and Va, kiy It. Paul dispatch. * e
Press ami Weekly Forum and North Da-
Pass and Review Of Reviews. 8 3 % ~
PRESS, Review of Reviews and Success
PaIss and Review Of Reviews, Woman,s . o.
Home Companion and Success Maya
Pass and Breeders Gazette. IA IA
Pass and Cosmopolitan 800. ; 2s
?REss ane McCiure, 49,. 3 "a
Pass and New Ideal Twentieth Century ~
Dictionary (matled to any address).,,,,, 2 on
PREss and Minneapolis journal q daysj... S I'D
PRESS and Minneapolis Journal Is daysl.. / IN
PR.s' and Minneapolis Tribune q . dsys(.. s g
PRE.s, Cosmopolitan and Harip p rs4i b. : "
Psss., Cosmopolitan and Woman: Home s.
Pass. Cosmopolitan and Review Of Re-. %
Pass: Cosmopolitan. Review Of Review: : ~
and Woman's Home Companion -. ...... 4 IL
PREss and Thrice-a.Week World. 5 X
PRses and New Idea Magazine, 81
North Dakota maps showing Milwaukee,
RRyy; extension IN Hettinger, bowman and
combined. Il
The Pass has other good club proportion,
and will quote prices for any periodicals, with
OF. without our paper, on request. Special
prices given on allTwin City daily papers and
allnagaxines.
Evening journal., 1907-03-06
pireotor viii Soon Retire.

On the last day OF this month. Pre-
siding Director Andrew l.. Johnson. of
the street and Sewer Department. will
retire from office by reason OF the ex-
pirafson OF his term.
Mr Johnson is a Democrat, and was
appointed nearly five years ago to MI
the unexpired term Of Patrick Fahey.
who resigned.
AS Mayor Wilson is a Republican. IL
is likely that Mr.. Johnson's successor
win be taken from the ranks OF that
party. the Board, In that event being
entirely Republican In politics.
Several persons have been mentioned
In connection with the appointment OF
"A successor to Mr.. Johnson. Including
ex-Mayor George ~ Fishd, ex-City
Treasurer Seth s. Feaster. Charles F.
Sparks. Charles A. Rudolph and VIII
liam f. Linton. SO far as is known
however. none has announced an inten-
ton Of becoming a candidate.
Evening journal., 1907-03-06
cARPET WEAVING.
PUBLIC SALES.

Mar. 7-Goorge Blackburn, New ~C.r,,.
hundred stock and Implements. 10
o'clock
mar. 7-otley Vernon and Son. Mt. Cuba.
Del, stock and Implements.
Mar. S--J. II. Mccoiium, Christiana Hun.
dred, near Walnut Green School
House. stock and implements.
Mar. ESPECIAL sale OF frst-class furnl
ture at Stidham & Son, auctlou
room. az 1 o'clock.
Mar. 9-s. A. Mcdaniel. horse sale n9
West Front st.. az I o'clock p. m.
Mar. 1i-Millard r. Day. Chr.stiana hun-
dred. siocN and Implements.
Mar i2-John c. Johnston, near Milford,
X-Roads. Nill Crock hundred
Mar. I1-C.W. McNamoe. MN Greek huas
dred, stock and implements.
Mar. 12--Per~onai property of the iafa
G. II. Griffith. Brandywine hun.
dred stock ard Implements.
Mar. l2-William Dun. near New PorrI
stock and farming Implements.
Mar. 12-Personal Property Of samuel
Eastburn. deceased. MIN Creek Ia.
az 10 O'Clock a. m.
Mar 13-Edgar vernon. sale Of personal
property. near Oak Hill School
House. Christiana hundred.
farming implements and house
hold goods.
Mar 1i-John Tavlor, NH Creek hundred
Mar. 14-pavid Unhet Christiana hundred.
stock and implements. at Is
o'clock.
Mar. 15-Herman I.ange adjoining shellnot
Park. Stock and implements
Mar. &c. w Horne. sale Of carriages
Second and Walnut st., at II a. m.
Mar. lS-w. S. Burris. Sharpe Farm.
Bear Del. 10 O'Clock a. m, stock
and implements.
Mar. ls-James caf penter. Christiana hum
dred. stock and implements.
Mar. 1a-James Valentine, Limestona
Road. ncar ctanton, Del stock
and implements. at o'clock.
Mar. 19-Taliey ana Burkcr, Brandywins
SPRINGS. safe OF stock.
Mar 1s-S. NJ. Kilvington, stock and IN.
plements. Brandywine Hd.. p N.
Mar ao-FurnIture. 6is Lombard ST., az
o'clock p m
Mar. 2i-Furnture, sos West iith st., az
10 o'clock a. m.
Mar. ei-Orlanda G. sutton. on road lead
ing from State Road 10 Bear
station. stock and implements.
Evening journal., 1907-03-06
erans Mas.er 70 Be Their euest.

On Monday next, local members OF
the C. L. o. Of o. f.. win have as their
guest William il. Huston, grand mas
ter sf the order from Washington, d..
c. He Will be accompanied by the
grand directors and they will he enter
tained at a banquet and reception TO
be held i'm the odd Fellows Temple in
Orange street near Tenth. There will,
he a street parade from the station.
headed by wright's band. The mem-
bers Of the various lodges will form
on French street and proceed to Third
10 Market to Ninth 10 French. TO
Eleventh. TO Walnut, to Thirteenth. to
Orange. TO the hall.
Evening journal., 1907-03-06
Tone Your System

After the Strain Of Winter the Vitality
Becomes Low, the Blood Thin and
the Tissues Worn. DuHys Pure
Malt Whskey Will Restore
Vitality Enrich the
Blood, Invigorate the
Brain and Grow
New Tissues.
Are you weary and run down? Are
you sick and depressed2 Is your blood
thin and poor from the long, cold
winter? Do you take cold easily? Do
you feel shivery? Utterly tagged out
after little exertion? Is your complex
ION bad? Do you feel that life is not
worth living? Nearly every one has
some Of these symptoms in spring. for
winter, while apparently bracing, is all
the time sapping your strength. Your
blood is clogged with disease pOisons.
BY spring every one is in a more or
less played-out condition, just right to
catch typhoid and malaria. Not always
sick, but tired, Tired. Tired. Yawning
physically and mentally. best describes
f. This especially true il you have had
Grip. pneumonia or other illness so
rommon in winter. These are Natures
demands for a tonic. stimulant. a
reviver.
To carry you through the change.
able. trying, disease- breeding weather
OF spring and lay up energy and
strength for next winter. you need
Fuffy's Pure Malt Whiskey Tonic, In
svigorator, Bodybulder. We receive
thousands Of unsolicited endorsements
rrom grateful patients who have been
sAred and built up by Duffy's Pure
hfalt whiskey.
No testimonial is published without
f. consent OF the party giving same.
ounys Pure Malt Whiskey has been
used for two generations. More used
coday than ever before. 1t is prescrib-
"a by thousands Of leading doctors and
nsed in nearly all hospitals whenever
q gentle tonic and stimulant is requir-
cd. II brings into action every vital
JUNCTION and enables ono to get from
lood all the nourishment 1t contains.
u purifies and enriches the blood;
Htrengthens the circulation; improves
the hearts action; steadies the nerves;
hardsns the muscles: clears the brain
and carries health, strength and vigol
TO every part OF the body.
J)uffy's Pure Malt Whiskey is guar
hnteed absolutely pure.
Evening journal., 1907-03-06
PUBLIC SALE.

The subscriber about to rellnquish farm-
ing will sell at public sale at his resi-
dencc on Jaseu Davis farm, farnhurst
Delaware, on
THURSDAY. MARCH 2 at 2 a. m,
rs head OF good horses and colts. NO
Coalie, black mare. ~ years old. No.
Dave. bay horse. i6 years old. No. B..
Godie. sorrcl mare, years old. No. g..
Maud bay mare. 10 years old. No. o. Fam
ME bay mare. % years old. No. g. Belle,
sorrol mare. "A years old No. q Fannie,
brown mare. II years old. NO :, HOP, nay
stallion, s years old IN June. sired by Hon.
No. o. Edna, bay colt coming 3 years old
No. 10. Sadie chestnut sorrei, coming two
years old No. II, Ada, sorrel, coming
years old. No -. charlie. bay ycariing
No. 18 Rock, aorrel yearling.
20 head OF good dairy COWS. Some have
calves by their side. others close sprlngcrs
bulls 4 brood aowa, lot OF chickens.
turkey hens I gohbler.
Farming Implements Of al kinds Ncu
/ last year. Harness collars and brides. Sc
milk wagon harness and numerous othcl
things too tedious 70 mention.
I Dairy Fixtures 10-ouart, 2 20-Quart nnt
/ 40-quart milk cans. cooler, buckets, miIl
measuring stick churn and butter print
/ Also 90 acres OF wheat IN the ground
Household and kitchen furniture
/ C0nditions-An sums OF so and less
/ caeh over that amount, 3 months cred
/ with hanknblc note. with approved In
dorscr. per cent on for cash on all credli
GEORGE NJ. BLACKBURN.
/ 81 dham and Son, Auc.
| Ellis =. Hicks. Clerk. m2-t-
Evening journal., 1907-03-06

construct and maintain fences and cross.
ngs along their lines; by Mr. Keenan
20 protect gas consumers In Wilmington
by creating a gas commission OF three
members; by Mr. Holoomb. requiring cor.
polations TO pay their employees at least
twice IN each month; TO divide the third
and fourth election districts in New Castl,
hundred; by Mr.. Palmer. to create a Va.
cant Land Commission; by Mr.. keenan,
providing for the establishment Of q clts
court for wilmington; by Mr. raradce. tC
establish an Excise Commission 10 super
wise the granting OF liquor licenses; b,
Mr. Taylor, requiring persons TO WHOM
oyster dredging licenses are granted TO b
residents Of Delaware
Adjourned 20 i0.3O a. m. to-day.
Evening journal., 1907-03-06
PRIVATE MAILING CARDS
Must Be Like Those Of Governments
In Form and Quality.


An order mas been issued by the POET
master-General providing new regulations
governing the size. form and weight Of
private post cars entering the malls. such
post cards must be made Of an unfolded
piece Of cardboard, not exceeding three
and nlne-sixteenths by FIVE and nine-slx-
iocnths inches. nor less than two and
three-fourths inches.
They must in form and in quality and
weight Of paper be substantially like the
Government post card. They may be Of
any color. not interfering with a legible
address and postmark. Very thin sheets
OF paper may be attached to them on con-
ditlon that they completely adhere to the
cird Cards bearing particles Of glass,
metal, mica. sand, tinsel or other similar
substances viii not be accepted for MALL
ing except when enclosed in envelopes.