davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1907-09-05
To Remove Warts.

Cover the wart first with vinegar.
then with as much carbonate of soda
as the vinegar will absorb. Keep 1t on
10 minutes and repeat the applica-
ton twice daily. In few days the
wart generally drops off leaving only
a tiny white mark.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1907-09-05

Responsibility often finds people tux
slippery to perch upon.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1907-09-05
SOUTHW YARD.

Trains No. 81 and 20, mixed, second class.
Daily except sunday. Daily Sunday
only. Flag stop.-sW c. SNYDER, Supt.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1907-09-05
T1IH8S1Hi TT11sIE%8SS,4Eia$ 25.0C
A Few Excelling Features

A Few Exoelling Features
First-class in material and work
marship.
Uses universal key board-writes 81
characters.
Simple construction-Fewest parts.
Alignment positive and permanent.
Extra great manifolding power.
Unexcelled for mimeograph stencil
cutting.
linked by ribbon, as in $Ioo machine
Visible writing-no carriage to lift.
Style Of type changed if desired in
few seconds.
Light, easily carried-weighs only
IoH pounds.
The lowest priced practical type
writer.
Every machine fully guaranteed.
Why pay $Ioo for typewriter when
the Postal, which will do just the
same work as we'll, as easily and
as quickly will cost you only $25.
Why tie up that SIS where you
derive no benefit from it ?
This machine can be seen at the
COLUMBIAN OFFICE.
Postal Typewriter Company
Norwa,k Conn
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1907-09-05

Daily. Daily excect sunday. ( stops on
signal or notice TO conductor.
E. NJ. RINE, 7. W. LEE,
Supt. Gen. Pass Agt.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1907-09-05

tors in the race, but also the Ger
man yachts which had been sent
the most coveted international tro'
phios ever offered. 1t is not chal-
lenge trophy, but remains the prop
orty OF that winner. Its value III
$1,000.
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1907-07-04
01aR25zT ASNS Avoas Ao2751M2azk o2czaz1-1


All right" said |. and with ~.
paper in my hand, went to NV outside ,o
once Kept on toward my inner Of.
nee saying over my shoulder-to .h W.,
stenographer: Don't let anvhod, in
.errupt me- Behind the closed and
locked door my body ventured to coma
10 lie again and my face to reflect
as much as it could of the chaos tbot
was heaving in me like ten thousand
warning devils.
lhree months before, in the game
SITUATION. my gamblers instinct would
PROBABLY have helped me out. For I
mad not been gambling in the great
American Monte Carlo all those veara
without getting used to the downs as
wen as to the ups. had not-and
nave not--anything of the business
man In my composition. To me, IL was
"hoiiy finance, wholly a game. with
excitement the chief factor and the
sure winning, whether the little bal,
rolled my way or not. / was the
nnancier, the gambler and adven.
turer; and that had been my principal
asset For, the man who wins in the
long run at any of the great games
OF life-and they are all alike-js the
man with the cool head; and the only
man whose head is cool is he who
plays for the games sake, not caring
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1907-07-04

A sICKLY WHITE"
mind began to employ the interval
more profitably. ! would scheme to
escape execution Of sentence; and,
though my mother was determined
woman, many's the time | contrived to
change her mind. | am not econ
mending to parents the system OF de-
Law in execution of sentence; but /
must say that in my case 1t was re
sponsible for an invaluable discip-
line. For example, the textile tangle.
| knew | was in all human proba'
b;lity doomed to go down before the
stock exchange had been open an hour
the next morning. All textile stocks
must start many points higher than
they had been at the close, must go
steadily and swiftly up. Entangled as
nv reserve resources were in the
coal deal, | should have no chance to
cover my shorts on any terms less
than the loss of all had. AT most,
could hope only to save myself from
criminal bankruptcy
There was no signal of distress in
NV voice as | telephoned Corey, presi'
dent OF the Interstate Trust company,
to stay at his Office until came; there
was no signal of distress in my man
ner as | sailed forth and went down
10 the Power Trust building; nor did
7 show or suggest that | had heard
the "shot.at-sunrise" sentence, as l
strobe into Roebuck's presence and
greeted him, was assuming, by way
of precaution, that some rumor about
me either had reached him or would
soon reach him. knew he had an
eve in every secret OF finance and in
dustry, and, while believed my secret
was wholly my own, had too much
at stake with him to bank on that
when l could, as l thought, 80 easily
reassure him.
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1907-07-04

HE GREW WHITE,
greatly whether he wins or loses on
any one play, because he feels that IL
he wins to-day, he will lose to-mor-
row. But now new factor had come
into the game. l spread out the paper
and stared at the headlines: BLACK
Matt To Wed Society Belle-The
Bucket-Shop King viii Lead Anita Nj
lersly To The Altar" | tried TO READ
the vulgar article under whose vulgar
lines but | could not was SICK
sick in body and in mind. My nerve
was gone | was n" longer the 1ree
lance; had responsibilities,
That thought dragged another In It's
train, an ugly, grinning imp tnac
leered at me and sneered: But sue
won't have you now!
she win She must" crleu
aloud. starting up, And then the
storm burst ragged up and down the
floor, shaking my clenched hs'S,
crashing my teeth, muttering al
kinds of furious commands anu
threats--a truly RIDICULOUS =, +,
of impotent rage, For through II an
saw clearly enough that she wouiuh !
have me. that all these people ia oe s,
trying to climb up among would hion A
loose my clinging hands and laugh as
they watched me disappear hey
who were none too gentle ana SLOW STOW
in dlsengaging themselves from 'no se
of their own lifelong associates VIM
had reverses of fortune--what cohsiu u,
Grafton could BLACK Matt eApe ,,,,
from them? And she-the necessity J,
and the ability to deceive mysell h ta
gone, now that could not pay s ~.
purchase price for her. The tull n hor
eousness of my bargain for ner
dropped It's veil and stood naKeu DC
fore me. ,stsa 4
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1907-07-04

nung myself down again. and dumb,v
, auu nelpIessly inspected the ruins OF
~, my PROFESSOR, rather, the ruin of
,ne one project upon which had nv
.eart set / had known | cared for
ner' but 1t had seemed to me she was
sInply one more, the latest of tho
opJec.S on which was in the habit
VI nNlng my will from time to time to
make the game more deeply interest.
rug now saw that never before had
! really heen in earnest about any.
'hIng' that on winning her | had
s'aNeu myself and that myself was a
wholly different person from what |
nad been imagining In a word sat
race to face with that unfathomable
mystery OF sex-affinity that every man
laughs at and mocks another man for
neleVlng in, until he has himself felt
1t drawing him against will. against
reason, and sense. and interest. over
Ihe Drink of destruction yawning he.
lore his eyes-drawing him as the
magnet-mountain drew Sindbad and
his ship.
But-it is not in me to despair
There never yet was an impenetrable
siege line; to escape, 1t is only neces.
sary by craft or by chance to hit upon
the moment and the spot for the sor.
Tie. Ruined" | said aloud Framed
ana trimmed like the stupidest sucker
mat ever wandered into Wall street,
A dead one, no doubt; but II; see to il
that they don't enjoy my funeral"
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1907-07-04

A GENTEEL "HoLp.up -

In my childhood at home, my father
was often away for a week or longer.
working or looking for work. MY
mother had a notion that boy should
be punished only by his father; so,
whenever she caught me in what she
regarded as serious transgression,
she used to say: You will get a good
whipping for this, when your father
comes home" At first used to wait
passively, suffering the torments of
ten thrashings before the good whip.
ping" came to pass. But soon my
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1907-07-04
ITO be Continued.)
The Life of Bells.

Comparatively few people know
that ringing a bell ruins 1t. That is.
bell has a definite length of life,
and after so many blows will break.
A 900 pound bell, struck blows of 17S
foot pounds of force, broke after H.,
600 blows. A 1000 pound bell broke
after $4,000 blows of $50 foot pound 8
force. A steel composition bell
Weighing 1000 pounds broke after "a
blows of $50 foot pounds. but its
maker said it was calculated for a
lighter blow.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1907-07-27

DeFoe coney is with sirsN w. H.
DeYoe On S. simon
MIR and Mrs J. x. q b are in sa-
vannah for a few day.
Mrs. r. D. Upper spent yesterday
in the city from St simon
Miss Fannie Tlmmons left yester-
day Tor visit TO Fancy Bluff.
Mrs J. r Leicht and Miss Neil
Robinson are in Hot Springs. ". c.
Mrs W. A. schoeppel and Mrs. w.
II Boyd spent yesterday at Angufla.
Mrs. D Sparks and CHILDREN are
. snsaai'H some ane at ans 'pea'ias
Little Agnes Koran left today for
Black Banks, after a visit q slrs M
= Watkins
Miss &cllle Greeuloa, Of Savannah.
IS expected SUNDAY 10 visit her aunt.
MRS. p F. conoy
Miaa hr,ie Bmaad night operator
at the telephone exchange, is spend
Ing her vacation 90 ST. Marya.
A 70 friends from Mrs w. IL.
powenE naouaces that she is in Mes
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1907-07-27

Mrs Neal Of white sulphur
| Springs, Fla, and niece, Miss Susie
May Flournoy. Of Atlanta, who arc
visiting Mrs Meals sister. Mrs. 5
II. Pittman, on Union street, spent
| yesterday at Cumberland q
Mrs. A. ]. Pease, a former pe2ns-
wickian. now Of Palatka, who has
been the guest Of Mrs W A. Nc
Donald. left yesterday for Daren,
whence she win go 70 upper Georgia
for the summer. y
). ana Mr.. e.. 4.... o- =
( lanta, spent oveAi days here tms
4 week guests Of mr and Mrs %. r.
Coney On thair say home from 81
simon. where they visited Mrs W.
J h. Devoa. Mrs. Aker5 win 90 to
Jamestown and s0end the remainder
o. he summer ID the mountains.
SIR. and Mrs r. W Travis ana
c drcn nave returned from visit
10 ST. simon Lstde 9-gaarod .ouise
TraYia. while on thq stand was the
slctim OF a 84infa accident 9hi9h
fortunately dia sol prove os-.
INK h.. girl vas is Die 04 when
thc ysnir pos al card department
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
NEW BARNS FOR
THE STATE FAIR
RE BUILT THIS SUMMER
AND COST NEAR $50, 900
Will he Complete and Up to Date In
Every Respect, for the Accommo.
dation Of Horses, Cattle and Sheep
Preliminary Work Is Being Done
BY Convicts-Other Improvements
VIII BE Made Soon.

w. F. Matlock, who is a member
Of the state board Of agriculture, has
just received plans Of the various
new cattle, sheep and horse barns
which will be constructed at the Ore
gon state fair grounds this summer,
which in all will total a cost of near
ly $4,000.
When completed these barns will
be among the most complete and up
to date in the entire northwest. 1t is
estimated that the horse barns will
cost $3.50 each, and the cattle barns
s2l5o each. and the sheep barns
s1975 each.
Convicts from the Oregon peni-
tentiary are now at work tearing
down the old buildings, fourteen men
being employed at this time. 1t is
expected that the construction of the
buildings will be under way within
n very short time.
With the completion Of these
handsome new buildings and the va
rious other improvements that will
he made at the fair grounds this
summer. Oregon will have one of the
best state fairs in its history next
fall. II
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25

Val Blatz Brewing company, Joseph
Schlitz Brewing company. The value
of the property Of the nine brewing
companies and one wholesale whis-
key concern located in Kansas, which
is to be turned over to the receivers
to be named by the supreme court, is
estimated at s250,O0O. This includes
liquor, bar fixtures and warehouses.
There are no breweries in the state.
Attorney General Jackson today de-
clined to say in what manner the cap
tured liquor would be disposed Of.
Whether it could be sold or would
have to be destroyed was, he said, a
question that he would not decide un-
til the courts had named receivers.
The other property will be sold, he
says, and the proceeds turned over
to the state to defray the cost of the
present suits.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25

Norfolk, April 25.--Austrial cruiser
sankt George and Aspern, and an
English fleet composed of the armor-
ed cruisers Good Hope, Hampshire,
Roxburgh and Argyle, arrived at
Hampton Roads this morning to par
ticipate in the opening Of the James,
town exposition.
The Atlantic fleet of 16 battleships,
three a!mored cruisers, two fleets of
torpedo boats and numerous auxil-
iaries, greeted the visitors at Fort
ress Monroe and saluted the flag
ship of each visiting fleet. The ves-
sells then passed on 70 salute the
flag of Evans, commander-in-c chief
of the American ships.
The management of the exposition
are today straining every nerve to
have the grounds ready for the open
ing tomorrow.
Thousands of laborers are today
clearing the streets for the parade
which will traverse the mtomorrow
Many buildings are incomplete, with
scaffolds and temporary railroad
tracks, and unfinished walks run
throughout the grounds.
The main feature of the program
tomorrow will he a review by the
president aboard the Mayflower, of
the assembled fleets.
The arrangement announces the
exposition will be complete I'm all es-
sential details by May Is.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
q CONVERTS
ON TUTU|LLA
G.. =. ORGANIZED WITH
\ LARGE MEMBERSHIP
Stiu Mesc VIII JOIN - Members and
Officers all misunderstanding Scs-
sion OF the Pxesbytery VIII Be To-
night-rhere Ane Now Present
Twenty-Six Ncz Perce Visitors and
More Are Coming.

Great interest is being manifested
In the camp meeting at the Tutuilla
Indian mission. which has been in
verts were received last night, max
ing total of 21 up to this time.
The Presbytery will convene to-
night, the big tent having been put
up today. A number Of discussions
In the Presbytery will be made in
the Nez Perce language, and the In
dian congregation led by Rev. ]. M.
Cornelison will sing the "Glory Song"
which is favorite in all evangeli-
cal Indian meetings.
A great interest has been shown
In the Christian Endeavor work, and
Of AZ, and more will be added later.
The officers are Adair Harsh, presi-
dent; Albert Minthorn, vice presi-
dent; Tom Johnson, secretary; Mrs.
James Kash Kash, treasurer.
Committees have been appointed
on entertainment, transportation and
vigilance, and the meetings are be-
ElS SouuuSttu III tiit IioSt SyStefIldliC
way. The weather is all that could
be desired, and an active interest
promises to he maintained until the
meetings close.
The Indians have already built
bath houses near the camps on the
banks of the river so that the dele
gates and visitors may take baths.
and II any Of them should become
III they will be given the regular In
dian sweat.
The following are among the Nez
Perce visitors at the meetings, with
more coming:
Luke Andrews, George Washing
ton, Mrs. George Mox Mox, Alexan-
der Hayes and wife, Mrs. Enoch
Pond, Harrison Kip-ku-pelican, Will
liam Parsons, Rev. James Hayes,
Miss Maize Crawford. Joseph Jeter-
son, Rev. Moses Montieth, Abel
Grant, John Allen, Noah Bridell
Rev. William Wheeler, Matthew
Whitfield, Harry Enos, Albert Mes
bit, DR.. w. S. Holt, d. D., DR.. j. "
Milligan, NJ. H.. Rev. G. A. NJ. Lilly
Rev. A. ]. Adams, Rev. B. F. Harper
Rev. r. o. Hadley, Albert Moses.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
Worthington Finishes Argument.

Washington, April 25.-Condemn-
ing the attitude of the secretary of the
interior and criticizing the manner OF
conducting the field forces, Attorney
Worthington today closed his argu-
ment for the defense in the case OF
Hermann.
Worthington said the testimony of
Hitchcock showed animosity toward
Hermann. but that the secretary
could not help telling the truth when
he complimented Hermann for his at
titude regarding certain investigations
Of land frauds. The attorney said
Hermann, of his own initiative, sus-
pected the entries covering the HYDE
Benson-Diamond patents. The secre-
tary praised him for starting the in
quiry.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25

business near the Pullman saloon,
said that McMaEus was in his saloon
about Is or 20 minutes before the
shooting took place. McManus came
in quietly and went to the back part
of the room, turned around and then
went out
Have you been solicited or have
you given any money to aid in the
prosecution of this case, or to secure
witnesses?" asked the cross -examin-
er. ~ most certainly have not" re-
sponded the witness.
Pruitt on Stand.
w. c. e. Pruitt, who was at the re-
corder's office when McManus was
talking about the affair, corroborat-
ed the testimony of E. F. Averill CIV
en- yesterday. He said that McMan-
us was highly excited and was talk
ing fast and disconnectedly and that
it was very hard to follow him.
Pruitt met McManus when he was
going towards the Pullman saloon
and soon afterward saw COffman
coming down the street with Nc
where he saw Cass Matlock holding
the head of a man on his lap, he
went to he recorders office.
The witness told that McManus
said that he was in the toilet and that
the man who was trying to rob him
had both his hands in his pocket,
and that he struck him away with
.lat LII.
said that when he was telling how it
occurred NcMapus illustrated how
the robher was pushed aside.
c. l.. McGinnis.
C. l.. McGinnis, bartender for An
tone Nolte, testified that he was talk
ing to McManus in the saloon when
McManus was telling him that he
had been robbed, and they were talk
ing together when Bob Estes came in
and walked through to the back
room. When McManus saw him he
said, There goes the son of a b
that robbed me-" The witness con:
tinued: 81 called McManus over and
told him that he was mistaken; that
Estes was a barber and a gambler
here in town and was not the man
who had robbed him." McGinnis
then related that when Estes came
back through the room McManus
said to Estes, II owe you an apol-
ogy 1 thought you were the man
who took me, to bed last night and
robbed me-" Estes then told his ac-
cuser that IT was nor him because he
was at home the evening before and
went to bed at about . o'clock and
was not up town. He said that Estes
accepted the apology and that Nc
Manus bought the drinks.
-The state rests" announced Dis
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
Left Washington Today.

Washington, April 25.Aofficial
parties left this city today for James,
town opening. The president, Mrs.
Roosevelt, Archie and Quentin sail
ed on the Mayflower. Bonaparte and
the navy department officials sailed
on the Dolphin and the congressional
party on the steamer jamestown at s
this morning. The diplomatic corps
will sail late this afternoon on the
steamer Newport News.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
ARRANGING DETAILS.
Portland Commercial Club Plans for
Excursion.

Portland, April 25.-Further plans
for the business mems excursion to
eastern Oregon were laid at meeting
held at the Commercial club yester-
day. A number of the most prominent
business men of Portland have signi-
fled their intention of joining the
party, and there is still room for a
few more.
The party will leave Portland Mon
day, May 6, and will return Sunday
morning. Practically every town be-
tween this city and Boise, Idaho, will
be visited.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
10000 POUNDS OF WOOL SOLD
Nearly All Woolgrowers Holding for
Sales Days.

Echo, April 25.-R. N. Stanfield of
this place sold his 1907 wool clip last
evening to Charles Green, represent
ing Koshland & Co. of San Francis
co, consisting of 10000 pounds, at
IT cents.
Most of the growers in this vicin-
ity seem to be holding for sales dates
which will occur here the latter part
of May.
Sheep shearjng is going on in the
Butter creek and Meadows country,
and the warehouses are being filled
with the new clipped wool.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
ENFORCING PROHIBITION.
Eliminating the Beer Business From
Kansas.

Topeka, April 25.-The state SUI
preme court today appointed Judge
H. S. Allen, G. H. Whitcomb and Judge
T. f. Carver, all of Topeka, as recelv-
ers for the Kansas property of the
following breweries:
The Helm Brewing company, KAN
sas City Brewing company, Rochester
Brewing company, Imperial Brewing
company, Pabst Brewing company,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
STREET PAVING
WAS DISCUSSED
Resolutions Providing for
West Webb and East Court
Passed Unanimously
RELATING TO WEST ALTA
READ BUT NOT ACTED UPON

Whether BithuIithic or Macadam
Between Main and Garden ON Alta
Is Not Yet Determined-Much Dis
cussion Relating to Proposed Re-
moval Of W. & C. r. From Webb
Street, and Also Proposed Re-
moval Of Stock Yards From Be-
tween Cottonwood and Thompson.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
JAMESTOWN SHOW
OPENS TOMORROW
Austrian and British Cruisers
Arrive to Take Part in the
Opening Parade,
MET BY SHIPS OF AN
AMERICAN SQUADRON

Every Nerve Is Reing Strained to
Give the Finishing Touches to the
Exposition, Grounds and Highways
Presidential Party viii Review
the Opening Performances and the
Great Naval Parade Tomorrow,
Accompanied by the Diplomatic
Corps - Worthington Completes
Defense of Hermann.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
Roosevelt There Two Days.

Washington, April 23.-The presi-
dent has changed his plans for the
visit to jamestown. Instead of return
Ing after one day, he will remain two.
After attending the opening lie will
remain aboard the Mayf.ower in
Hampton Roads Friday night, and
Saturday board the Sylph f,r a trip
up the James river to the original
settlement at jamestown island.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
Warehouse Collapsed.

A warehouse attacked to the Pea
cock mill collapsed yesterday under
a load of grain. The warehouse is
40xSO, and was built as an addition
to the main mill building. 1t was
packed 20 sacks high with barley
and the building being between three
and four feet off the ground on
blocks and overloaded at the outer
end, it tipped and slipped out, the
grain forcing out the gable end of
the warehouse, practically wrecking
the structure.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
SCAB QUARANTINE
IN CONTROVERSY
Shall Gov. Chamberlain Issue
Proclamation Against Wash
ington Sheep?
HEARING WILL BE HELD
AT SALEM MAY SEVENTH.

In the Opinion of the Oregon State
Sheep Inspector There Is Impera-
tive Need TO Keep Washington Sheep
Out, as the Per Cent of Scabby
Sheep Is Much Greater in That
State Than This-Oregon Is at
Heavy Expense to Eradicate Scab-
Washington Is Not.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25

The Rhode Island legislature has
adjourned without electing a senator.
The S1st and last ballot stood: Col
onel Goddard. Providence, democrat,
40: Colonel Samuel Colt, Bristol, re-
publican, SO; George Peabody Wet
more, Newport, republican, 80.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1907-04-25
NJ 'MANUS ON
STAND TO-DAY
"Shot in Self.ProteCtion, and
He Did Not Know He Shot
Estes"
DETAILS ALL INCIDENTS
LEADING UP TO KILLING

And Also of the Affray Itself-IIad
Been Robbed and Was Afraid He
Would BE Again, or Assailed, or
Perhaps Both-Others Testify to
Circumstances Relating to the
ShOoting-Thc Trials of Mrs.
Warner and Mrs. Thompson Are
Expected to Follow the McManus
Case Early.