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The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15

late and adjust determinations, to re-
t,dprC All connecting lines TO make
C.J-c connections, and have union de-
acpa:S: TO require all railroads TO run
or schedule lime. and on failure with
out lust excuse. 10 he DcnaliZed: to or
der tie adoption of an interchange
aide milcace-book; to make all ncces-
sary order regulating all matters CON
corning railroads II other corpora
lions. and then be given power to en-
force it orders by contempt proceed
mas or penalties.
III regard to interstate matters af-
focting railroads, where there is COM
plant. the Commission should be re-
auired to take all needle evidence,
finG it's conclusions OF fact and law,
and present its report to the United
States Interstate Commerce Commits
sion, for its action, and If that body re-
fuses to right the wrong complained
OF to carry the matter before the Jul
diciaI o. Legislative Department of the
Government.
In the matter alone of correcting
freight determinations, now practiccd
against our State and In favor of other
States, the benefit obtained to our
merchants and other shippers cannot
be estimated. The Commission should
likeWis be required, and given full
power, to regulate and rates
for all telephone systems, and compel
different telephone lines, for reason
able compensation, to make arrange
mentS for transmitting messages from
other lines over their steamboat lines,
telegraph lines, and Express companies.
| recommend that you carefully go
over with the Commission every law
already passed, and make such amend
hacutS : may be needed to give more
POWER and greater efficacy of the
Commissions work.
i repeat: Give the Corporation Com
mission full power to act and then re-
uGire them to act; for a Commission
without power. or that has the power
and doe. not act, is worse than no
Commission
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
CHILD LABOR.
sentiment in the state Growing in
Favor OF Compulsory Education.

some people seem to think thai the
work of the Department of Labor and
Printing Goes little if any good; but
II they Will only remember that it is
the only bureau that gathers statistics
from all classes of labor, the will at
once see its utility. The report fur
nished me in regard to child labor.
and the views Of the people on the
subject of compulsory education, is
more than worth the small amount we
pay for its maintenance. | hope az
member of the General Assembly VIII
carefully read the Commissioners re-
port, as it will furnish him with a
great deal of helpful information for
use in his legislative work.
Only one suggestion Will / at tl,is
time make in regard to child labor.
and tlat is. that children who cannot
read or write shall II o work in facto-
RE until they are fourteen. This will
prove q stimulus to both parents AMI
children, and do much good for the
cause of education.
10 me. while the State may not YET
be ready for it, the solution of the
child labor problem is to compel all
children bctWcen the ages of light and
twelve to attend school, and if you
viii read the Commissioners report
you will see how strong this ScntimtGt
is becoming in the state.
Tender children should be protect
ed. To put them at too early an age
into factories, dwarfs their bodies and
minds. and, / fear, the healthy action
Of their souls; and no better remeiy
against this evil could be found than
by putting them in school,, where
body, mind and soul can be trained
and beautified.
The change Of law putting the pub
lie printing into the hands of a COM
mittce. of which the Commissioners
of Labor and Printing is Il member,
has worked we'll and saved much
money. fol now we have Il practical
printer to direct and cOtrOl the ixing
IF prices, etc, of the public printing;
and this alone makes the bureau in
valuable.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION.
An Additional Appropriation Of SO
@ is Strongly Uurgcd.

Another way of aiding immigration
and advertising our States
is for North Carolina to make a credit
able exhibit at the jamestown EXPOSE
ton. The last General Assembly ap-
propriated $4,000 for this purpose
and authorized the use Of $4,000 for
a State building. This Exposition will
be one of great magnitude, and. next
to Virginia, North Carolina will be
benefited more than any other State.
Norfolk is almost n North Carolina
city and in close contact with our
eastern section. Our building
will cost $4,000 and its
maintenance at least $1,000, leaving
only $4,000 to install and exhibit u
This amount is utterly in
adequate for that purpose. for the
whole world will send visitors, homo
seekers, and investors to this EXpoSl-
ton, and it will be a magnificent OPP
p%ortunity to display our material
an exhibit firSt-Cl&Ss in every aspect.
BY the last Act the Commissioners
were allowed nothing: but az they are
periodically performing a great service
to our State, | urge they be allowed
their actual expenses.
L sincerely Eopc that you will vote
an extra appropriation OF S2o.0OO. as
it will require all Of this amount to
make a showing commensurate with
the dignity of the State and adequate
to thoroughly advertising our re-
sources. This amoun as will be seen
from the commissioners report, Is
nothing like as large as II amounts
by other States; still it Will enable
us to make an exhibit of which all
will he proud. and which will greatly
aid in our future development.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
coLonID \. AND n COLLEGE.
Iicquc-t- for Appropriations Arc Rs.
commended a. Reasonable.

The state Agricultural and Mrehau-
zeal College for the colored people. 1f
Greensboro. has a wise board Of whit.
trustees. and has been conducted On
praciihal buTncs prfncipicH. *ud Z
d"nb' II any like BHtitutleu fl the
south has dome mor. ~ efgiux tGa
proper kind Of education to the mo-
gro It. president eachr 'I4 sfu-
cents Yrat they must labor with their
hauGF fF veil a. their BRAIN a#d aa
q result. the studeufs acquire & fa8r
knpwif1ge Of sarmlIE ana Df t#r
carpcr4cr and blackzmith'r trad. as
veil 4 hook learning and mos, -
them take good citizens THc true
tees * a sewerage Hfstcfu aHd ccH-
trial hating plant. 81 - cor 3. b0u.
Also !Z.5eo more ftr maintenance
ana. ID my Judgment, thc4e requr
considered ia the light ~ what th-
Cullcg. b doing a-ei REASONABLE.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
CORPORATIONS.
Law should BE Rc-Inactcd Placi1.
Limits Upon Real Estatc Holdings

BY some means and In some man
ner, n law in The code. Vol. /. sec
ton 66b. regulating how much Iand
corporations should own. was repeat
cd. and now any corporation can ac-
CURE and own all the realty il desires.
Many corporations have taken al
vantage Of this repeal and are now
buying UP vast boundaries OF land.
and unless some check is placed pom
the mount Of land they may mold.
our people viii 500 become tenants
ON their former lands. recommend
the rc-cnacfmeDt OF the old law. even
making 10 stronger, forbidding any
corporation. except those exempted.
from either dircctly or indirectly buy
ing and holding at one time more
than three hundred acres: and as 10
the exempted corporations in section
G69 and its amendments. they shOnid
hold their lands only for the specific
purpose for which they were created.
and not for the purpose Of dealing in
realty. Let, also, penalties and for
FIXTURES be attached TO any
ton violating this law.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
THE
Its Needs Growing a. it Increases In
Usefulness.

The University Of North Carolina ~
doing a great work. and has more stu
dents now III attendance than ever be-
fore In it's history. Every dOrmltpry l.
filed. and every possible bed IN the
village rented. It's work for the higher
education Of our young m"n, and in
ending forth each year men Of strong
bodies. trained minds. ana clean NOR
ais. will prove q great factor in max
ing the future wealth and prosperity
Of the State. It's management was
never better, and its president. Dr.
Nenable has the respect II confidence
Of the student body. as well a. the UeD-
pie Of the State. Listen to his state
ment Of the reds of the University.
for he VII ia no way mLsleed YOU
and then d. all you can 10 give II aid.
| visited the University in person and
saw for myself. I recommend an in
crease in the annual appropriations:
also. enough TO erect a suitable Hetii-
cal building. and as much more n can
be spared, considering other demands.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
Fish and Oyster Interests Call for Pro
tectiye Legislation.

Under the practical management OF
DR.. Joseph Hyde Pratt. during the
last two years. the State Geological
Survey has done great good along
many useful lines.
Under its direction. a thorough ex-
animation has been made Of the flsh
and oyster industries, and practical
suggestions made as to how to protect
them and at the same time furnish
more revenue to the State. 1t has
likewise actually aided in obtaining
q better water suppl in the east, by
means of artesian wells, and by show
ing conditions that indicate where
such wells can be located.
Bulletins showing the advantages of
good roads, and how to work them,
have accomplished much towards the
betterment of our highways, While
every effort is being made to preserve
our forests from fires or timber
marauders.
By thoroughly advertising our min
erai resources. q great impetus has
been given to mining in the State,
and the wealth that will be obtained
from our graphite n monaz:te de-
posts will. alone. repay the cost of
this bureau for years to come. If
nothing else had been accomplished
by the State GeoOgiSt. the getting at
Chapel Hill of d concentrating plant,
established by the Government for
the. purpOse of testing the value and
quality of all ores and heavy sands,
would entitle him to your most favor
able consideration. for this plant is
the only one the United States has
erected in the South. and will turn
the eyes of all the Nation towards
our minerals.
This bureau is controlled by ener-
getic, ~up-to-date directors, who love
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15

Pro i:iOn should BE Made for Sccur-
ing Desirable Immigrants.

The Agricultural Department is do
ing good and useful work. and by
means of its test farms, farmers in
Stitutes, its Bulletin, filed with prac-
Fticai suggestions and scientific re-
suits, and its other methods of teach
ing the people, a growing impetus
has been given to farming. horticul-
ture, stock-raising n dairying. The
amount collected from the tax on fer
tilizer has largely increased, and now.
with it's new facilities, a we'll equipped
force of competent experts and a SUI
%ficiency of funds, still larger benefits
may be expected in the near future.
While the Commissioner of Agri-
culture is also named Commissioners of
immigration, the modification of the
old law practically left no machinery
for the encouragement of Immigra-
tiOn..In view. therefore. of the grow
ing demands of every industry. lin
Guiding agriculture. manufacturing.
domestic service. efc.) for more eff
cient labor. l earnestly urge YOU to
rc-enac sections 2199 and 1900, Vol.
ii. of The Code. and for the purpose
of carrying out the provisions of these
sections. that the sum of $4,000 an
iiually. from the funds belonging 10
this bureau. be set aside for the Dur-
pose of aiding immigration. The
Board deserves great credit for
making an exhibit of the States
in Boston. Massachusetts,.
last Fail. and from it good results
are already apparent, in that the eyes
of hOmeSeekerS and investors are being
turned towards our State.
Beneficial as is the work now being
accomplished by this Department.
nothing that it has done or can do will
advance the agricultural and indus
trial interests of the State as much
as bringing into our midS immigrants
of industry, thrift and character, and
in using every effort to exclude the
pauper and criminal classes. All of its
work is necessary for the States de-
VeIopmcnt, and should be enlarged
rather than in my way modified or
abandoned.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15

in the future forbidding any com
pdhy engaged in such practiseg
from doing business in the State. and
upon said charge being made, the
Commissioner should at once ~invcsti-
gate. and If tha charge are found true.
az once stop the COMPANY from solicit
ing business.
1t IS alleged that the opportunity
Tor these illegal methods is increase /
by allowing companies for Years To
mold deferred dividends. thus furnish
ing a fund always ready to be used -
they desire; and it is suggested tina 4
sure remedy would be to allow no de-
ferred dividends, but require each
company to distribute annually It's di-
Vidends among its policy-holdcrs.
ask you TO investigate this matter
and do what is right.
The State Fireman's Association in
view of the valuable services it's mem
bcrs render insurance companies by
protecting h property they have in
sured. ask that Il reasonable per cent.
be collected on all pr rniums and paid
the Association in order 10
furnish a fund for aiding those injured.
or the widows and children of those
killed while in the line Of duty as fire
mon and to better equip and make fire
more efficient. To me the
request seems reasonable. as there are
no tfuef or Drawer men than thpee fire
men, who risk their lives to save the
life and property of others. and it is
but right, when by their efforts they
save fire insurance companies such
vast amounts. hat they should re-
ceIve a reasonable amount to be in
vested for their benefit or the benefit
Of their children.
[ hope that the whole subject Of in
surance will be thoroughly ~inyestf-
gated by you, in a spirit Of fairness
and justice, both to insurers and in
sured, and to the end that no wrong
may be done either.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
STATE CAPITOL.
Enlargement Of the Building i n Mat
ter of Prime Importance.

First. The enlargement or the Cap
tol. The Capitol. for not more than
$700, 600 or $4,000 payable as need
ed in three years, can be 50 enlarged
as not in the least to affect its present
architecture beauty, but. on the con
trarv will make the building more
imposing and stately. With tbs en-
largement. the Acknowledgement, Sup
erintendent of Public instruction. the
Supreme Court. the Corporation ON
mission, the Insurance Commissioner,
and the State and Law Libraries would
all be in the Capitol, leaving their
present quarters for outside purposes.
In addition to this great benefit. the
General Assembly would have ample
and needed committee rooms, and fire
proof vaults would be connected with
all departments requiring them, in
which could be stored all valuable
documents. This contemplated change
would iii protection Of property, and
the efficiency of york done, more than
repay the cost of construction. ! en-
dorsc and commend this plan.
Second. The other plan. in case the
first is rejected, is to erect a public
building and Hall of History on the
state lot near Capitol square. This
would cost from 100000 10 100000
and could accommodate the Attorney
General, superintendent of Public In
Struction, the Insurance Commissions
er. ana Would aiofd Il place loi puplit
documents and historic. and, perhaps.
the State Library. | submit 10Th Sug-
geSt .onS. but prefer the first. adding
that one or the other is almost an
absolute necessity.
However, ! feel it my duty to say
hat much as these changes are de-
sired, they should not be made if BY
so doing you arc unable to make pro-
per improvements for u State in
stitutionS. especially those for the care
of the helpless and unfortunate.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
MORALS.
Great Good To the State From The
Watts and Ward BIS.

Our people were never - sober aud
industrious - they are today. fic
passage of the Watts and Ward bills
has certainly accomplished much
good in bringing about sober
ness. peace. and good order,
Later. may haNc something
NOR" To say about tili. question, but
at present content myself with advising
that no backward step in he cause
OF temperance be taken. for just in
proportion that people are orderly and
sober. just in the same proportion are
they energetic, thrifty. saving and I'LL
Cd with "a desire To build up bUth Their
own and the States interest.
Safe Capitol Oh 1.-The improvements.
The efficiency with which the States
business is dispatched is very much
retarded and the Safekeeplng of all
public and historic records greatly en-
dangered. by the condition and insult
~iCiency of u state buildings. Two
remedies have been suggested:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15

Give the State an Equal Chance With
the Accused i'm the Courts.

Speedy trials and certainty of pun
ishment for the guilty are the best
methods of preventing crime. The
excuse for lawlessness and lynching is
generally the ~SlOWnesS and uncertain-
ty of court trials: and while such an
excuse is often false and unjust, still
all must admit that technical Objec-
tons and questionable methods of de-
Tense often ~eXaSperate the public and
cause it to wink at mo law. hen if
trials were always conducted on just
legal grounds, public opinion would
more heartily condemn the least at
tempt at such high-handed measures.
| think the time has come to make
certain changes, n therefore. urge
you consider them. The legal profess
sion, as a rule, is composed of high
toned men, who would scorn to at
tempt to corrupt a jury, or pOllute in
any way the fountain of justice Some
corrupt attorneys, however, Will. and
so watch closely the list of jurors
drawn for each court, 50 they can see
the individual juror and try to influ-
ence or corrupt'him. To guard against
fraud the list of drawn jurors should
not be published. and no clerk. sheriff
or other officer should be allowed 10
furnish any one a list. but it should
be kept Il perfect secret, and the s!ter-
if. without disclosing the jury list,
should quietly summon them TO court.
In capital eases, formerly Il defcnu-
ant COuiU not ttStIlS III Ills OWN W
half. and therefore to CQilaliZe matters
he was allowed twcnty-three DcrcmD-
tory challenges. and as many more as
he could show cause for. 0 he can
testify. and to give him so many chal-
lengcS puts the State to a great dis
advantage. and often defeats justice,
for it enables the defendant (cSDe-
ciaIly where there is more than Onc)
to select Il Jury of his own liking. who
are ready to acuuit before entering
the box. The State should be given
four DcremptOry challenges. and the
six. regardless of the Num-
Der of defendants, unless the trial
i,doe should hold that the defense OF
the defendants were conflicting. III
which case zach should be allowed six.
There are also too many challenges 10
the favor, for why should good men.
simply because their property did not
consist of realty, or they had q suit III
court. or had neglected. perhaps. be-
cause they were absent. to pay thrIf
taxes, d~isUualify them from serving
on the jury? There should also be
very few exemptions from jury duty.
to the end that the best and most in
teIli"ent men should serve. Also. in
a county where the feeling either for
or against the defendant. in case YOU
reduce the number of challenges. 1
recommend that the trial Judge be au-
thOriZed to send to an adjoining cOun-
ty and summon good and lawful men
to attend the court where the trlai il
TO be held, to serve as jurors. This
method has been tried in many States
and works well. and costs less than in
removing cases with many witnesses
Besides it insIIres more speedy trials.
With the changes above suggested.
the law would be strengthened. and
Justice more certainly dOEe.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
III KfIt ROADS
The state should Aid In Every f'ablic
Way in Building Highways.

Every announcement should ba
gwen u the building of good roads
A~ said In INV inaugural address
mud. next - ilIiJcraCy. levtes the
highest tax Cn a state. and bad roads.
are curse and a htndrance u the
business. education ana progress 81 3
people.
\ general up-to-dat@ q lax
Should 30 enacted. allowing any cnuu-
~ or community IL have the question
Of a bond iSsUc for tho Improvement
Of roads submitted II the pcopie. Tor
the present Law IS not fuil-or complete
enough. Oue only has 70 look AZ the
counties ia the Statr that have. and
those ina have not. good roads, 20
see what good roads mean for the
growth and walth Of a community
Hence the state should aid a road
building in every possible way. thus
adding to It's up-building ana devcI~
ment.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
BOARD OF HEALTH.
Valuable Service Has Been Rendered
to the People of the State.

Nothing is of more importance to
our people than. good. health. The
State Board of Health created for its
promotion has, in proportion to the
small amount appropriated for its
support. accomplished much in a
quiet way. This has been done
chiefly on educational lines. through
its Monthly Bulletin. and by the wide
distribution of circulars relating 10
the more important communicable
diseases. special attention having been
paid to the prevention of consump-
ton, typhoid and malarial feverS.
Through the state Laboratory of
Hygiene. which is under the control
of the Board, the purity of our public
water supplies has been Safeguarded:
private supplies suspected Of causing
disease have been a~nalyzed and the
users warned, and much work in
d~iphtheria, tuberculosis. and other
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
AUDUBON SOCIETY.
Uniformity in the Laws as to Seasons
for Shooting Game Recommended.

The Audubon Society has lone 4
great deal in preserving the gam"
birds of the State. as we'll as birds
hat are useful ana ornamental. The
Society is growing in favor every day.
and should be encouraged in it's ef-
forts to stop the wholesale slaughter
of our birds. The only thing the So
ciety asks of the Legislature is a
uniform law in regard to tho time
during which game birds should Be
hunted. 1t asks that the time for
hunting November 18th
and end March list, and be allowed at
no other time in any county. ! APP
prove the request. The law should be
uniform, and it is hoped you will
make it so.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
STATE INSTITUTIONS.
All Are in Need OF Enlargement to
Meet Present Demands.

Our State Institutions are in splendid
condition. ! doubt il any State, with
our population and wealth. beg ms to
have such facilities for educating its
youth or caring for it's unfortunate.
The one need is the growing
demands for lar"er equipment.
for to-ddv every institution
IS filled to overlooking and
still more room is demanded to prop
erly care for those seeking admittancc
/ respectfully refer you To the various
reports sent in by the heads or these
institutions. to the end that may see
the great work for education and hu-
mainly that each is doing, and then be
able 10 in~telligcntly consider their ur-
gent needs.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-01-15
COIOHED NORMAL SCHOOLS.
Conducted on Methods That Are Wise
and sensible.

The Normal Schpai for colorad
people hase R~raluait been reduced,
until today there ar" pniy three-one
at Wiz ston-Salem. anefher At fayeffe-
vile. and still aEotnkr at Elizabeth
city. Th5s reduction was made after
careful investigation and nae proved
most beneficial At the time the
change was made. the Board Of Flu
cation agreed. II they were propcrlv
conducted to recommend 10 YOU an in
crease ln their appropriation. The
education Of the negro has in many
cases peen most di.tppoIuting for In
stead OF making them more active
and v5lllng 10 work II has too often
rendefed them Iudasent and thrift
tContiuued on Page SevenJ