The state herald., 1907-12-06
PLANT FOOD.
Principles Of Plant Life and Growth
Plainly Stated.

The farmer reads q great deal about
plant food. but to q great many the
functions of plant food have never
been explained. Some farmers have
the mistaken idea that 1t is impossible
for them to understand the functions
OF or to know anything about plant
food. They think that these hid len
things are for the chemist alone to
know. There are methods by which
these seeming mysteries may be tsld.
These methods are SO simple that the
most unlearned can understand them
and know what plant food is and wat
its functions are.
What is plant food? Anything which
when taken into a living body is able
to sustain and nourish 1t. is food.
Plant food, then. is any element.
whether derived from the soil or the
air, that will sustain and nourish the
plant when 1t is taken into the plants
body. There are 10 elements that
plants take into their bodies and incor-
porate into their structure. 1t is
claimed that three of these are not
essential and therefore, strictly speak
ing, are not plant food. The 13 ele-
ments are oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen,
carbon. sulphur, phosphorus, potash.
lime, magnesium, iron, chlorin, sodium
and silicon. The last three named
are said not to be essential. OF the
ten essentials the farmer has but lit
tie control over the amount of oxygen.
hydrogen, carbon, sulphur. magnesium
and iron. Wherever there are enough
of the other elements there we gen.
orally find enough of these elements
to grow crops abundantly. 1t is only
occasionally that the farmer has to
devote any particular attention to the
supply of lime This leaves only thsee
elements over which the farmer has
any considerable control-nitroRen
phosphorus and potash. BY some au-
thorities these three elements alone
are considered as plant food. If
plants fail to grow and produce 80
times out of every hundred 1t Is be-
cause one or more of these ele-
ments is needed. Where the farmer
/
supply is ample he can grow crops
that produce profitably.
Each of these three plant foods has
different function to perform. They
can not change works. That is. one
can not perform the Office of the other.
II one element is not in the soil In suf-
ficient quantities. then failure of
crops is the result.
The nitrogen is needed to promote
growth of the plants. Without II the
plants are puny and the growth in
ferior. Then it deepens the color of
the plant. In soils that have an abun-
dance of nitrogen, the plants are n
rich. dark green color Too much
nitrogen makes too rank growth OF
the plant while the production OF
flowers. fruit and grain is retarded.
Phosphorus Is needed TO assist in
the formation of pollen and to hasten
In the maturity OF the crop. Without
a sufficient amount Of this element the
plant sometimes remains green and
unmatured long after II should be ma.
tured. II is especially important in
the northern limits of the corn belt
where frosts sometimes come early
in the fall. II the supply of phospho
rus is too small the corn may keep
green too long and be affected by
frosts.
Potash is needed In the formation
and transfcrence of starch In the
plant. All fruit and grain contain
starch and without II fruit and grain
can not he formed. Without potash
starch can not be formed In the leaves
and transferred to the fruit or grain.
|