Evening journal., 1907-04-17
HIST DRY OF
PEACE MOVEMENT

OF ia inc W0iAlf WAS IOANttl IN New
York by David Low Dodge and his
associates. in August. 1915 The Mass
achusetts Peace Society. which owed
its initiative TO Noah Worcester. was
organized in Dir. Channings study in
Boston. in Christmas week Of the same
year. The London Society was organ-
lied the next year; ana from that time
on peace societies multiplied. BUT all
most q generation passed before the
Inauguration of Peace Congresses. The
first International Peace Congress was
held in London I'm lS43. Il was the
thought Of the English pmlauthropist
Joseph Surge the friend Of Garrison
and Whittier and other American anti
slavery leaders. and the first 'brJached
hy him in 1S41 10 members OF the
American Peace Society in Boston our
society warmly endorsed IT and CONF
mendei II to the English Society, and
Through the cooperation of the two.
the memorable London Congress was
brought about 10 was almost exclu-
sively a British and American Com
rress. 29f Of the 537 deleeates being
from Great Britain 81 from America,
and from the continent OF Europe.
Perhaps the most important practical
proposition considered az this hrst Com
gress was that of Judge William jay
of New York president of the American
Peace Society during The decade 'n
which tho historic Peace Congresses in
Europe in the middle OF the last cen-
tury occurred. that an arbitration
clause should be embodied in all future
commercial treaties between the grcat
rowers. AT the four subsequent COM
crosses the American representatives
stood pre- emiuently for The demand
for a Congress OF Nations which
should develop ana codify International
law ana create an international Tr-
bunal. ana this constructive program.
which our own day at last IS seeing
realized. was popularity spoken OF i'm
Europe throughout the decade as "the
American way" II was an American.
lslihu Burrltt who was the chief In
spring and shaping force for the Brus-
sells Congress I'm 1S4S followed by the
great Congress of Paris. Frankfort and
London in lSi9 1850 ana 1851 At both
Paris and Frankfort there were more
than twenty American delegates at
London more than siXty The Paris
Congress, over which Victor Hugo pre-
sided. and The London Congress-. held
in the year OF the first international
Exposition and having more than %
thousand delegates from England alone.
were Immense ana most Impressive
gatherings, and in them the peace
movement in the last century reached
Hl4I. r..ff
by two important British Congresses
az Manchester and Edinburgh; and
then came the Crimean war and the
other great wars Of shat period and
there WAS long intorregnum.
The first Of the present series OF In
ternational Peace Congresses was held
at Paris IN 1889 the year OF the Pari.
/ Exposition. Frederic passoy WIS %.
| president, and the number of delegate.
! In attendance was almost the same a'
at the nrst London Congress I'm lS4s
The second congress nie' the next yeai
| in London, Hon. David Dudley Field o.
New York serving as It's pres dent Thl
| Subsequent congresses have been hcl,
at Rome. Bcrne. Chicago On iS9O. Ant
worp, Buda-p Pest Hamburg. Paris. Gni
I gcw Monaco. Rouen. Boston. Lucerni
/ ANA Milan. OF ail these Intenationa
/ Congresses. thai in Boston in 1904 ha
/ the largest attendance its Impressive
feature being a series Of areot mass
meetings for the people. One Of its re.
suits was an American delegation o
T over fifty at the Luce.ne Congress- th,
/ following year q number ave times M
great as that which has attended IN,
other congresses in Europe durmg thes.
eighteen years 1t IS earnestly hopel
! that am American delegation os largl
or larger win be present at the Con
gress This year which is 70 meet a
Mun'ch in August It is ten years
since the last International Congress
was held in Germany.-at Hamburg. %
1897. and this occasion should Tie em
braced for q demonstration of Ameri
can friendship ard admiration for thl
great German nation. TO which on
scholars owe So great de0t OF erati
tude. and TO which so many millions O
our people are bound by .he close tiel
OF race
Infrecent years the need for regula'
National Pence Congresses. en- addition
10 the international Congresses. hai
been making itself everywhere mor
and more strongly felt. Complrativcg
few at best Of the peace-vorlSers 81
any country are able to attend the con.
[ gresscs in other countries To MANY
the hinirances of forcisn language,
and usages are serious. 10 IS important
/ moreover TO consolidate ana organi1I
the peace panty in each country am,
ty National CCneresses 20 influence
public opinion France. which ha.
taken the lead in so many of the TIM.
portant peace movements of the las
twenty years. was the FIRST to act 81
response to this widespread feeling
/ 1ha first French National Peace Con
gr-ss was held at Toulouse in 1902: an,
I subsequent Congresses haye been hch
at Nismes, Lille and Lyons. Englan'
WAS the second TO acts and the Con
crosses mt Manchester. Bristol an'
I birmingham. in the last three year
have heen large ana 'naue0tal sivi2
new life aud better direction 20 th
English peace movement 'rne agitu
iion for similar action m Germany s
now strong; and the inauguration O
German National Congresses IS lkel
TO result from conferences OF the grea
nrrber % German peace workers VIII
win gather at Munich Pa August.
tt is at this iuncture and with thi
t7ckgrouri that the drst America
National Peace Conrrass assemblies
New York I'm April 1907. But the Con
gress has also q dist1.ut America
BACKGROUND, The Mohcn'S Arhitratio
Conferences. which an,odate the Eng
. / fi-h and F'ronch pan.s fsl-t-..aeeo- Inns.