The Cairo bulletin., 1907-09-09
HAGUE ADOPTS
IMPORTANT RULES
WAR CANNOT BE OPENED UNLESS
DECLARATION HAS FIRST
BEEN MADE.
NO WIRELESS STATIONS
Shall Be Established on Neutral
Ground-Exportatio OF Provis.
ionc From Neutral States
Prohibited.

The Hague, Sept. S.-The fifth
nlenary sitting OF the peace confer
ence M. Nelidoff presiding, met today
II the Knights Hall. The delegates
We're not SC numerous as on the oc-
casion of former sittings, several Of
them having temporarily left The
lfag1 while awaiting debate on
mere important questions. The whole
American delegation was present.
The following rules regarding the
opening Of hostilities were adopted,
few countries making reservations:
The contracting powers agree that
hastilities must not begin without pre-
yious unequivocal notice having been
given, either in the form OF de-
claration Of war setting out motives
or In the form of an ultimatum with a
conditional declaration of war.
"A state of war must be announced
without delay to the neutral powers
the effect for the latter, beginning
after they receive notice of it, is es
tablished that they undoubtedly knew
that a state Of war existed"
The sitting also approved with some I
reserves the agreements concerning /
the rights and duties Of neutral /
states in tonne of war. The land ru.es I
include the following:
The territory OF neutral states Is
inyiolablc.
"Belligerants cannot establish wire
less telegraph stations In neutral ter
ritory or any other means of com
munication with belligerent forces
or land or sea.
Volunteers cannot be enlisted or
body OF combatants formed in men.
tra' territory
"The expectation of provisions
from neutral states and the transport
of provisions for belligerents are for
hidden.
"Belligerents are allowed to use
means of communication belonging to
neutral or private companies.
prisoners who escape to neutral
territory, II recaptured by troops, !
must, after having asked for refuge :
in neutral state, be set free.
"A neutral state can defend its neil y
trality by force without thus consti. :
tuting an act of hostility"
When the project regarding the
treatment of neutrals on belligerent II
territory was brought up for discus =
sion Baron Won Bieberstein (German) | =,
objected. saying that Germany could !.
not admit the principle supported by u
Great Britain to employ neutrals in u
warfare when the laws of belliger- u
ant state permitted it. Germany. on .
The contrary, maintained that neutrals u
must take no part in war a
On motion of Count Hornielli
Italy the proposition on this sub
ect was returned to the committee
or further study with the hope of
'eaching an understanding acceptable
70 all.
The Bulgarian delegation submitted
he proposition of an amendment to
he American proposal for the estab-
ishment of permanent court of ar
,itration.
"The permanent court of arbitration
O sit at The Hague shall be COM
,osed of fifteen judges, third OF
whom shall be renewed every three
ears, beginning from the day Of the
rganization of the court.
The first and second renewal of
be Judges shall occur by drawing q -, ~
bird of the number by lot while the =. =.
ucoessive renewals shall occur after = =
he expiration of nine years from the % "
ay of the election. or reelection of " -
idges as the latter can always be ne
e elected. ~.
se