New-York tribune., 1907-04-16

1 i1non the Intimate goal toward which civilization
tends: they striving that better tn9sS INN sSaitv s
which have always so widely characterized man
* KIND Ihey b 9aser bey eel mpon mankind to adopt
ard mankind too often gives theoretlc assem- ~ ~
there manifestations traces OF each OF these
Impulses in every nation there ete re ti. ;,,tse
IN whom one anG many IN whom III, t.s bn1
strongly predominates. As circumstances oTIns
tional conduct IN different fields of national action
strangely variant and inconsistent natioha M act,0n t
results. The same nation may be seen at one tnle
hard and practical. at another or perhaps IN an
other field at the same time exhibiting the highest
degree of unselfishness and humanity; Under the
predominance Of one motive, natonaI power mas
been built up; admnistrati ton has been made edI
fectivs commerce has been extended; s. madeTa1 ad
and protected; the citizens OF each country have
oeen secured against aggression from without; and
hle intercourse of nations has been elaborated.
Under the predominance Of The other motive the
conception OF individual charity and humanity.
Revelation. has slowly impressed itself upon the
S., od natlonai duty aitG responsibiity In
national ethics has been forced into the interna-
undspuJed sway of seIishness and cruelty long
condemned as immoral in the relations between
II IS natural that the hard and practical motive
duct Of governments they are endowed with Iin,itsl
nd qe'nlte powers and charged with specific trusts
10 protect and advance the interests of their own
country. and those duties relate in the main 10
e iRaterlaI interests of their countrymen: their
SptclHc powers are given to them for that specific
press or give effect to the Benevolent or hnmani-
iailan Impulses OF heir constituents: under consti-
lulonai government a rule. such expression is
nor conferred by law public officers hut is re-
ternational duties governmental oaicerg have IN
deai with world Of selfish competition and ever
compel them to mink first and chiefly Of the in
.ttIesL OF thelr own country as lawyer argues
rules of conduct between nations which tbs ex-
The peace of the world Among T. tho % irSf 9f tEo go
:S mat te government Of each nation shall attend
every other nation. This rule is the chies protec-
@ noh oi me liberty of small and weak nations
down whenever the officers Of one government dis
its own jurisdiction would be to break down The
.aIerS which civilization has erected for the pro-
teclon OF the weak with results fatal as II the
executive were allowed to make orders ana the
l., 1 !" issue GfsLees according 70 their own kind
Of law ~ '''e H"''' AlohS
THE ATTITUDE OF THINKERS
III u is natural that tho altrustie and humanitarian
I,i iah ny students and thinkers. by teachers and
palIos9pners by men who not burdened by the
liberty 10 look upon the world as it Gught To- be and
idasIilsse mankind on toward acceptance Of their
thef have warrant from all whom their elojIIenca
soundness their ideas bng into @ 4e nfeTfnt
80 ~ 20 press their views upon the world and in
nnmneEs their power and their following have in
perfscf a l3s{ oI al in lands where freedom is most
+b e. u. Juslice most pure, until the voices OF
IL III rev llSionaTies. long ago CRYING in the Wilder
pubic opinion of the world Insisting -unon Tirb, %
diyi5iaIs GsiJ 81 3faCe among nations as among IN
ne ne national purpose which governments REPRESENT
these two widely differing Impulses sboId Itc'ed y by
taria7, - lnIp1uent OF each other. The hfn1ani-
man, ma Who seems unsymDathetic i'm his fajlnrs "a "a
stract and mat are certainly sound in the ab-
woTId anu rb mllch ought 10 be accepted by all the
i,u ~ ne practical administrator Is distressed
real conditions, urges him To coursa 80 an, a,t OF
81 vgera ~ - lhlIoWs cannot possibly be taken or II
taken under existing conditions uGuid 20
he other as an impracticabIe t5aoritA A nghtIy OF
turn IS condemned bv the otber az Isl, ad IN re,
e3r.leai Both judgments are probabIv oftesn anu ~
1,oiib +A,ett true. but both are generally and n
- ,ilucn greater extent wrong Each class Tsys ~ - -
civilization 7, ~ .e me great work OF advancing
ai5 PogIIg results FOR humanity are secured nv, tb
the rnost bro1qI eiq liat national sefshness NAV be
idealisn the mosi f[giIisfnt ana humanitarian
pour our invitation TO take part in the opap,,c ~, ,,
declare the aIIia 10 me as an occasion 10
government with that other poVerItb he AnieTcan
ia our geIaya,j ci III an lands, and most strongly
ing 1i,J eilles. or compusion Of force Is lead
American Deon1c ta .ll'IlE lE 70 nobler life. The
tior eager Tor wealth. energetic IN ,,ra,i,,-
t 1oH ana ventUrous I'm commerce isietit ~ oil @
lher rights. proud of their country ilt Upon
idTtLd ana us prestige; but there is etraarr -
1t3 3l'Shl IN me American nature which saves o,,r
naIon IRON the grossness Of sordid i,,a1arsli III
% Ilanes ~ responsive 10 every appeaI I'm LeaI
and oi human brotherhood The world o,oy .
rle II n JjS I.eilt could truly represent its peo-
purposes which thls congress meets to prorofa ,J
thize heartily With those nrnoso r,saay does sympa-
.ile NE government give YOU the kindly and annrec,o
welcome you spiritual kindred Of those A1,ri s,a
cans of great heart ana clear inteliigence W., ~
peace OF justice in this land have conferred ines
~ullable ~ benefits upon al mankind. and whose mem
oiS ana example are most precious possessione
lie is mistaken who depreclatcs the v.iue 81 slic5
1 mTeIlig as ms, or regards its discussions as
*
power themselves 10 give effect to their resolutions
way as, 70 !,g pegla.adon OF principle in such
OF z great body Of men entitled 10 respect mas
wonderfully compelling effect upon mabkind T'ba
adoption Of a new standard OF human octfor &C.
never Inc result OF force the threat OF force: II
is always the result Of "a moral process ana to ;be
initiation and continuance Of that process pubiic
Iia Vbe Iq IA &aGy0caey OF the principle are essen
me mulutude OF men whom governments repre-
sent nave reached the point Of genuine ana per-
ments conform themselves 10 a.
REFORM IN DIPLOMACY.
forca IS bsf common nm Sans that The world is ruled by
right conduct between nations the possibility of
time when The oai % ntereourse s S bete a5Te w3s
which we call diplomacy consisted chiefly OF bar
Diplomacy consists chiefly in making national
conduct conform or appear to conform to the rules
veopment OF civilization The continual unceasi,e,
process of diplomatic Intercourse by which these
every nation, backed bv the tremendous noUor of
the opinions Of the civilized world enforced bv the
desire for the good opinion and apprehension Of the
disfavor OF mankind. form strong external re-
straint upon national conduct and these standards
have been created by the evolution OF moral as op
posed 10 physical forces.
The value Of declaring a principle may be illus
trated by the effect of the arbitration convention
agreed upon I'm tine International Peace Conference
al The Hague in 1899. That convention did lit
tie more than 10 declare principles; It provided
but il bound nobody TO arbitrate to mediate. or