New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1907-02-15

It's simplest illustration in the case of a printed
OF any book we please printed well, and on good
p PAPER. The labor Of the printers and the paper
the book be work Of genius or SU mere comp 5ii
Of people want to read it. or nobody|whether each
n IS an article Of wealth, or whether it IS so
Ihey are so, is the direction under which the print
men Ia whose manual dexterity the types are ar
G On IN given order and the words impressed
5oan e9n1yeying them to the compositors by
cred under its industrial aspect. is a series Of
minute orders, every one OF which modihes firstly
secondly the results of every impress of the t1pe
or Te m6 tn eT {qS imp 1T ne the qTay Of
copies simultaneously.
MACHINERY AGENT OF PRODUCTION.
siimlIaT = when any great Of modern
us 9 Of aaua @borers the same sit
production. and increases the worlds wealth not
because the parts are made with sufficient manual
production of mechanlsms that are futiie-but be-
e1cse ea3h OF rs parts is fashioned in accord
directs and co-ordinates the ninutest noven, %ts
n ra py me arms and hands OF every Of the
And with the direction of labor generally whether
tne use OF this machinery the production OF such
and neckues Of such and such price and color.
the case is the same again. We have manual
producing what is wanted or is not wanted"which
corIing to ths manner in wc6 ali this labor is d.
Eeced by faculties specially different from those in
NoIFeQ IN the manual labor itself
mors San Ps Gat s tsr Of hs d fG
auiIitV sav 2m l9uoteG OF SILL LABOR rises IN
which rise above the normal mininmm ana these
Qualities as Ruskin SAYS incommunicabe
Their action ends with the task on which the man
e mans aec3{ne his own ia a6or the o
directive faculty. IS the mind Of one man stimuli
others il this direction Of labor on the part
all the augmereI wealth OF the aodern World Is
CONSISTS G %s agd 0 Wf ia PrCdgeog
% a @ Of The m9st 5 aStye sn4 bs q
without parallel in tho past history of the world.
FACULTIES NOT OF ONE KIND.
The human faculties, then which involved
IN the production Of modern wealth are not as the
socialists who follow Marx say, OF one hnd-name,
They are Of two kinds, and it is impossible to rea-
long as We persist in calling both by the same
name. We might as well cal! the French and The
then try to write an Ineligible history OF tie
For these. directive faculties. SO essentially dis
t!nct from labor. IT IS difficult TO find entirely
have; on former occasions. applied to It the name
OF ability. and this will purpose now,
especially as the name ability has of late years;
been accepted by many OF the more thoughtful
which though they have never properly analysed
them. they are beginning 10 recognize as different
And now now having come thus tar-now that we
have seen that modern wealth IS due not 10 labor
alone, but also tho action of the ability by
which labor is drected-a new question arises
which VIII carry US onward from the considera-
uon or labor 20 the consideration OF capital The
practical means by which the control Of ABILITY
over average labor is exercised, and It IS IN
find the answer. Here again we shall nnd that
the orthodox economists are defective. and that
analysis Of human effort s' '''0''e'0 as ''''''
TWO KINDS OF CAPITAL.
Capital is divided traditionally into two kinds
| hxed and circulating BY fixed capital is meant
Adsm smith says the stock Of consumabe com
whch the storekeeper or the mechBn2 bvs G p
order 10 sell them at profit whgreunGn they are
machinery OF the modern world, is itself the re
ciew 10 the means b Ib a9'[ The oGT s no
sJnifh tor does circulating capital as Adam
the subject The capital which concerns ns q be%e
jstinF 15 tiTd KinG which TSsem6les cirGn
customer in some ways but in way essen
TALLY different It consists OF goods which are
the general necessarfes OF life: bit instead Of be
ing 500 10 ne outside public at PROFIT they
sp Sc long Group Of la9reTs on o2aditions
such rIdmentary fSa OF a G5'lqsG GrIy IN
practically supply all us own wants, tho neces-
KIND q capital with which are here concerned.
ana which we may call wage capital makes us
ysnces that each laborer or laboring family makes
9oTes support ezste9Se Ender T 5hese aona
tloHS the products or labor. which enable the la
borer to live, longer come TO any one laborer
directly They have TO to him IN the form ~
assorted commodities which portions of the
direct products Of variety Of other laborers His
own products must pass out Of his hands
come back to him IN tho equivalents.
through the hands of distributor For this
distributor. who at first IS than rner-
chant. the commodities which thus pass through
his hands circulating capital In the exact sense
which Adam Smith gives 70 the phrase but they
are not wage capital. They become wage capital
only when the distributor instead OF merely
changing Them begins 10 turn his attention TO the
manner in which they produced so long $
OF so many yards OF cloth: II viii give you 80
many boots stockings, much tea sugar,
in exchange for them" But when he his at
tention from the exchange 10 the actual process
production. what he TO the clohmaker IS this:
III viii give you even larger measure Of the
various commodities which you require Condi-
ton that you produce your cloth in a manner which
myself will prescribe to you"
FUNCTION or WAGE CAPITAL.
Here We see, in its essence the function OF wage