New-York tribune., 1907-12-31
HONOR FOR MR.. BRYCE.
Elected President of american Po-
Hic0i Science association.

elected president of the American Political Science
| Association its business meeting to-day, to sue
ceed Frederick n Tudson, of st. Louis Other Off
| GERS elected First president, Professor ).
| E. Hart Harvard: second vice-president Professor
| II. a. Garfield. Princeton; third vice-presdent.
| Professor Paul S. Reinsch Wisconsin; secretary
and treasurer, Professor ". w Willoughby, Johns
Hopkins.
Professor Henry Farnum, of Yale, was elected
president of the American Society for Factory
| Legislation. Professor John r. Commons, of Wis
consin elected secretary and Lucien F. Hanks,
1 of Madison, treasurer
| The American Historical Association elected the
| following officers: Presdent.~ Professor George B.
| Adams Yale: vice president, Professor Albert
Bushnell Hart, Harvard; second vice president,
Professor Frederick J. Turner, Wisconsin; secre-
| tary, Professor a. Howard Clark, Washington;
corresponding secretary Professor Charles H Has
| kins Harvard: treasurer, Professor Clarence w.
Bowen, New York
| At the joint session Of the American Economic
Association and the Association for Labor Legisla
ton today, Professor Henry R. Seager. of Colum-
! bia University, outlined a programme of social
legislation. with special reference to wage earners
| He said, in part:
in the field of social legislation the United States
is behind the progressive countries of Europe
O. To Protect wage gamers in R the Continued en-
joyment of standards OF living to which they are
already accustomed and % 10 assist them 10 at
tain TO higher standards of living.
The principal conting gencies which threaten stand
ards oil living already acquired are Industrial acci
dents, illness, invaldity and old age. premature
death and unemployment. These contingencies are
not in practice adequately provided against st by
they entail in the absence OF any special provision
against them, fall with crushing force on the fami-
duce such families from a position OF independence
and seldreSpeGt to S1 one OF humiation and mem
The following remedies for the evils resulting
demnifcation must be sought along the line of
Workmens compensation for industrial accidents at
or of compulsory accident insurance tthe German
SYSTEM. The former seems TO accord better with
American ideas and traditions Provision against
Illness not directly traCeable TO the employment
ance or in Subsidies and state directed sick insur-
az anee clubs & Trade unions may assume % the function
better suited 10 present American conditions than
nvalidty and old age may be through compulsory
old age insurance or through state state OLD age , pen,
TO be better suited to American conditions Prema-
os Fe Of b R or ear oT & &Rg c Of
industrial accidents and of illness. The most prom
dF pogment @ appears R'9b be Trough subsdznE and
Bspg 1 Unions bs W95sh s oF Pay bcr
Public employment bureaus and industrial colonies
ePI eTi 'is unemployed may ''p A''' '''e
If these concessions were made, 70 the demand OF
social justice a more drastic policy toward social
dependence than public opinion viii now sanction
fning social dependency to the physically, men
tally and morally defective.
standards Of living are energy and enterprise ON
make e energy and enterprise count IN the form Of
higher earnings The principal contributions which
iieved TO be measures serving 10 encourage saving
for future needs by providng safe Investment. for
the debilitating effects Of an unregulated compe-
of ali opportunities for industrisl training
The greatest present need is for postal savings
and enterprise are to be kept at maSnum wage age
under nnhealthful Conditions Laws prohibiting the
employment of children under fourteen years old
out the United States, and be rigidly enforced
There should be laws limiting the hours Of labor
should extend to eighteen years OF age III factory
There should be laws limiting the hours of labor
OF women and reguaftng their work with h[a5 MIA
be prescriptions in regard TO sanitation and safety
provision for Industrial training as part of the
public system-not to take the place OF the train
hold those between fourteen and sixteen in school
As this need is supplied the Period Of Gompuls9[y
sixteenth year. The guiding principle OF such IN
Of free public education in the United States to
prepare children not only to lead useful well
earnings without which such lives impossible.
Professor Richard T. Ely. Of the University of
Wisconsin, president of the American Association
for Labor Legislation. spoke on Economic Theory
and Labor Legislation" He said
An examination of modern theories of population
which in itself is antagonisc to labor legislation
in itself and as a matter Of fact it would be diff
economists Of the world to-day Undoubtedly these
economists would hold most of the proposals for
labor legislation impractcabe and visionary:
the other hand they agree with substantial
unanimty upon large number OF proposed labor |
laws.
The economic grounds for labor legislation are re-
veaed best when the subject is approached from |
the viewpoint Of contract or tho economic bargain
spect to underlying economic causes,
Contract is static, not dynamic. Through CON |
tract the actually existing economic forces manifest
with all their inequalities and njustices
Until recently economists were inclined to limit |
i.1l,
of toll. to children young persons and women |
leaving adult free to make their con-
tracts But experience has shown conclusivey that
while adult males rule I'm far better |
position in labor contract than the other
mentioned, unreguated contract does not always |
to freedom and fair opportunity, but fire. |
quently means bondage and degradation.
We must not take the view of the state some |
thing external stepping i'm and interfering with |
liberty It's action is rather the result of the CO.
operative efforts Of men to determine the conditions
OF toll and to enlarge their sphere Of economic |
Science can draw arbitrary line between labor !
legislation FOR adults and labor legislation for !
arise their merits. Efficiency must be |
present test
At the session of the American Sociological So |
cety, the subject rs Race Friction Between Whites
and Blacks Growing and Inevitable?" consd- |
cred by Professor Alfred RI. Stone, of Washington |
Professor w e. B. Dubois, of Atlanta. and others |
Before the American Political Science Association
Professor Ernst Freund. of the University of Chi
cago delivered address THE Problem Of In
telgent Legislation.
The American Association for Labor Legislation |
also heard a paper by Charles P. Ne. Labor Com
missioner THE Employment of Children and |
Women"