The pioneer express., 1907-03-29
THE HOUSE OF LORDS
CHECKS IT HAS RECEIVED At THE
HANDS OF THE COMMONS.

| Out Of Business Altogether For .
Number Of Years - Bolingbroke's
Way With the Noble Lords.
There is an idea in the minds of very
many persons that the British house of
lords is supreme and can do pretty we'll
what 1t pleases. This, however, is a
mistake. On several notable occasions
their noble lordships have been para
lyzed and have got very much the
worst Of it in stormy arguments with
the gentlemen Of the house of CON-
mons.
The first occasion on which this hap
pened was when the peers ventured to
differ with the long parliament, which
was at the time engaged in life and
death struggle with Charles l. The
commons on this occasion wasted no
valuable time in talking, but promptly
abolished the lords altogether and
turned them, archbishops, dukes, belt
ed earls and all the rest Of the gor-
geous coroneted crowd, into the street.
The gilded chamber was vacant.
| For half dozen years or so the
country got on without any house of
lords.
All the checks the house of lords
have received have not been of such
drastic nature as this. of course.
Various ministries, finding that the
peers We're unwilling to pass their pro-
posed bills, have resorted to the threat
to create enough new peers to swamp
| S,a 0f
would, of course, have been pledged
beforehand to vote for the ministry
creating them.
In I'LL the prime minister Of the
day. the daring and INSCRIPTIONS Wis.
count Bolingbroke, was anxious to ter
inmate the desolating and ruinous war
with France. which had been raging
on and off for twenty years.
To effect this purpose he had drawn
up the treaty Of Utrecht. 1t was neces-
sary at that time that lords and COM
mons should agree to treaty before
it would become valid. The commons
assented to the treaty, but the lords
declared that they would have none
of it and that the war must go on,
|
firmly Informed them that, rather than
see himself defied by them, he would
create whole army of new peers to
| vote for the treaty.
The story goes that he had regi-
ment Of the Life guards paraded under
the windows of the house Of lords and
threatened to make every trooper into
| 1Ysiv fo
make twelve new peers, and then the
lords gave in.
The Liberal government Of 1882 with
Earl Grey as prime minister, used the
same threat. They wished to pass the
first reform bill. The lords hated this
bill bitterly.
Until then they had been practically
an oligarchy. with all the real power
in their hands. The franchise had been
so limited that only rich men. and gen.
erally only the nominee Of some great
nobleman. could get into parliament.
The reform bill altered that. 1t gave
the smaller men chance. The lords
expressed their deliberate intention of
wrecking the bill.
|
King William IV.-who didn't like re-
form bills. but dared not oppose the
wish Of the nation for fear of revo-
lution-perlnission to call up to the
house of lords as many new peers as
should be necessary to carry his bill.
The mere threat was enough for the
lords. They had no wish to see their
n 1io,,1p
would have been the case had peers
become as plentiful as blackberries.
1t used to be the custom in the Brit
ish army for all officers commissions
to be purchased. That is, an officer, in
stead Of getting into the army by
means of competitive examination
and rising by merit, came straight
from school, without knowing anything
Of the new duties he was about to as
sumo, and had commission bought
for him. After that, instead of being
promoted as reward for his services,
he used to buy each promotion.
If he had no money his chances Of
being promoted were about thousand
to one. The result was that officers
who had grown gray in the service and
fought in many battles remained sub
ordinates all their lives, while the sons
Of wealthy families who had not seen
quarter of their service jumped over
their heads by having their way pur-
chased up for them to be colonels and
generals.
Mr.. Gladstone decided to do away
with this purchase system. The lords
did not wish it to be abolished. Con-
sequently, when Mr.. Gladstone intro
duced bill to abolish purchase in the
army the house of lords was not dis
posed to give it kind reception.
They threw out the bill and imagined
that they had won glorious victory.
But Mr.. Gladstone found that Queen
Victoria had the power to abolish pur-
chase in the army by her own act IL
she pleased. He induced the queen to
do this by means Of a royal warrant.
And the house of lords could no more
interfere with royal warrant than
they could knock the dome of st.
Pau1'a nv fhrOwino fhoir oorono%o = = e.