The Green Forest tribune., 1907-10-25

10 spray them before danger ot injuring buds or foliage. This gives us two shots at tn @ scale at close range, and if the work is properly done-note I say prop erly done'-with almost any enc of the recommended remedies, there will be absolutely no doubt about results.
 "Again, the fruit-grower will find more time to do the work of spraying in the fall than in the spring, therefore he is more like ly to do better job.
 "Again, there is no frost com- ing out of the ground in the fall to prevent the orchardist from go- ing into the orchard to spray whenever other conditions are favorable. This is not the case in the spring. Many orchards are located where this one thing is a serious drawback to the con- trol of San Jose scale.
 "Therefore all things consid- cred, fall spraying has many ad- vantages over spring spraying, and it is certainly more effective, which has been proven by those who have been practicing fall spraying for some years.
 ''It must be understood, how ever, that at least ten days should intervene between the dropping of the leaves and the time that spraying should begin, as just when the leaves drop is when the little fruit bud for the next season is at it's most tender stage. It is unclothed, and care- full examination has shown that this bud takes on a new covering in the course of ten days or two weeks, after which it can resist any caustic action of carefully prepared washes.
 "There are details in all spray ing operations which cannot be explained on paper. The or- chardist himself must be observ- ant; he must acquaint himself with the habits of the insect he is fighting and the growth of the tree and bud. Then, above all, he must take weather conditions into consideration, for after all, the weather is perhaps the great est factor in the success of our spring operations"
 In connection with what MT. Brown has said, it might be add- ed that one reason why fall spraying has not been more gen. orally recommended is that whale oil soap and the lime sulphur wash, applied in fall, are likely to injure the fruit buds for the following seasons crop, and the man who kills the insects also destroys at least part of one sea- sons crop. Fall spraying, there. fore, did not become popular un- til the newer miscible oil sprays were brought out, which can be used safely and effectively in fall, after the leaves drop. On this subject Prof. Smith of the New Jersy Experimet Station says:
 "The wrong time for spraying has been generally advised, and instead of delaying until late spring, out work, to be most ef- fective, should be done in the late fall, while the scales are yet active and before the trees are really dormant. The season that winter and early spring applica- tions were recommended original ly is that injury to fruit buds was noted with some insecticides and on some trees."
 It would certainly seem, from developments of the last few years, that orchards which are badly infected should by all means be sprayed in autumn, as recommended by MT. Brown and Prof. Smith, after the leaves have been off ten days to two weeks, and then in spring, if live scales are still found-as they most likely will be given. After two such treatments the insects