davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29

Thorold Rogers has set forth the reasons
for believing that the peasant revolts
OF the fourteenth century should be looked
upon as signs that serfdom was passing
away and that the fifteenth century was
the golden age Of the English agricultural
lahorer. Evil times. however, we're in
store for him. In the fifteenth century
the advent Of a capitalist class eventually
depressed the condition OF the peasants
in England and over The greater part Of
the west of Europe. II was not merely
that the peasant became relatively poorer
than he was before; he also suffered directly
through tho application Of commercial
ideas 20 the system OF land tenure. Land
az e source Of men began to lose its attrac-
ton; but as a source OF wealth it was more
sought after than ever. IL came to no re-
garded as an investment and was ex-
plotted on purely business prin ciples.
A momentous change took place in the
methods Of cultivation and ultimately
made agricultural labor almost a drug
on the market. Land owners recruited
from the merchant class hegan TO see that
the old system OF Dstite culture was eco
nomically wasteful. They began what was
called engroesing lands, that is to say.
tnev aCCulnui3teu u E'TktV u'itnDtT "
holdings. allowed all the nj but
one to decay. turned out the independent
yaomen and put in their places a number
Of hired laborers. That is one Of three
processes 20 which the name Of enclosure
il loosely applied, Another Of these proc
esscs WAS the conversion of arabic lane
to pasture; this was still more preiudicisl
to the peasant than the change from Guilt
walton on a small scale 20 cultivati m on
a large scale. for pasture requires scarcely
any labor NJ all. The third Of the processes
was the enclosure Of common lands. which
has bcen interpreted in two different ways
namely. as the assertion Of al ancient
right and as the creation Of \ new one.
As our author points ont. however. il was
no, of much practical importance to the
peasants whether in the enclosure Of
common lands they were suffering from
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29


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The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29

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~ spite ~ mo So NFtiri~s snt r'hs1 wr'hTvls
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IN our srhor's judgment Henry WI 10
M~s~hiavsIh'. PRINCE IN s~'ior With
him "sr~d,enry, n"' rrtncipl", ~ss the
'~s' ~ everything Religion sss ~ h~ sub
s~rvien' 10 tho interests ~ 'h~ STATE Paw
mean. and foul might alike 10 emplov"i
n the end va The na'ionai ~sifsr-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29
THE MISSIONARIES LANDING.
Father DerSuet's Mlsadventures On IN
west Coast o. Africa.

west Coast o. Africa.
Along the west coast Of Africa a bar
extends. with occasional breaks. for soms
thousands Of miles. 1t prevents steamships
from making landinGs at important
on the mainland and necessitates the trans
fer Of passengers and freight in small
boats. This transfer Is often dangerous.
Father Derouet has written q lively ac'
count Of his adventure in July last in one
Of these boats. He was trying to land
at Soto Cana. q little north a h Congo.
Just before the critical moment OF cross-
ing the bar he saw Father Moulin joyoualy
waving his hat on the shore.
Then In Q twinkling . mountain OF watee
struck the bar ana the boat was tossed
into the air. Father Derouet found him.
self executing Q somersault. He came down
on his head and would probably have
fractured his skull IL he had not landed 90
tho fest OF an unfortunate boatman. which
diminished the violence Of the blow.
On the bank Father Moulin saw hinS
appear and disappear three times and
believing. him lost. gave him absolution
Ten OF tho twelve boatmenh had been knocked
into the sea and were struggling in the waves.
The boat was noon in shallow water bus
still far from land. The two bostmen
helped the missionary ashore. In the
confusi on a wooden chest had fallen on
his hips Ind he was very sore. but his CHIEF
grief on landing was that he had lost his
pastoral ring.
The baggage was fshed out OF the res
piece bv piece. but in what a state! Ths
vestments worn in the church service we're
ruined and 90 were all tho presents he BAG
brought for hi. brethren. sea water MAJ
spoiled everything.
The accident cost him about $3.50. But
him with this piece Of logic as he drew np'
with q woebegone air. before their house
Never mind, do not feel too much az.
dicted. The principal piece has been saved
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29

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The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29

XM MMXM IT. XMX|XX
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hsoe- y sm"ns "'rrnsns N 'he en1 ~
me s"ven'n decsoe ~ w" n,ne'een'h CON-
tury. tnsnss ms'n'y '" Msms'cs ms
censripses' tcfce vas VICTORIOUS IN me
British hrfpsre ~ INC nes'nnins oftnetrsn-
'seeh CENTURY IN" r"snf 10 'hI hanging
on the beasoce
Wh~n hsnnHton " he'd up to-day ~ IN
example W the ~ Q NOR" cohsr-
emf brtf'sn Emp're WI ohvef docs n"t
mean 70 soy mat Hamilton vas no' Nv
fer the more d'mc'ht achievement lhs
author of this book. gay. 9TH truth that
there - no such ~ feeling between IN"
States which compose the british fmpirs
aecsde OF the s,sntesntn oentury oetween
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29

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ma SPAIN wss r""i~rV"i r''he, thHn
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renaissance AMI reformation '"nnh N" 50"
IN III" -iNi""n'h century p'nnE"d hack mt"
N" 'h~"'"sy w IN" "'n''' 'e%
IN" ~ nc oap'tAI morris ~ 'h"N" ',-sNr
- 'h" "l""rners WIN "W'n w" '"."''
Nrlng- "n' IN" comIaratlNe T"'d'N Nv c'"S-
distinctions IN England IN men"Na' ''m".
ana shows now IN" p"Itl'al an" r"c'"i
development ~ inc country may u" 'ra"en
:" IN" relatively earIv eVoNl'l"n "l y m'hni"
There - n" donht nat hnrannS
has h"en MADE hv n- min''s c'ass
=" n greater extent mar mas IN" HISTORY ~
any other European and. Inc peculiar
however OF IN" minh'e CLASS III
England IL complex factor IN me evo'ntloh
of the people considered as whole nor
does Prof. Pollard pretend mat u can be
easily explained Their" are ohserVabie.
doub'. IN mec'%val fnsianu cer'aih
conditions which amer from those prevail
ing con'emporaneohsly IN most countries
~ continental Europe n which on
vlousiy would q To the growth OF a
middle class but whether these cond''ons
represent causes or enects ~ a question
open 10 dispute. One OF these conditions
IL the comparative absence OF impassaoie
between class and class IN Eng
land. In hat kingdom there Is NOT now
and never has been a NOBILITY OF piood
in the sense which hat term bears IN Ger
many. OF which II bore IN France upder
the dnc'en regime. The younger son OF an
peer Is . though from
every point of view except mat OF constltu-
tional law his blood IA Just az noble as nat
~ his elder brother, who VIII succeed 10 the
titles ana estates 'ne cohse-
pnence, however. OF the younge son beng
a is hat the grandsons OF peers
are often merged IN the upper MIDDLE class.
with the ultimate result maj thousands OF
members OF the English middle class num-
her peers among their ancestry Inc
middle class ~ always being recruited from
the nobility Just as the NOBILITY is recruited
necessarily from tne miud'e CLASS,
In Germany. on the other nano' mere was
and perhaps sfiliisa great gun nAeu oe'"eeh
the two classes all me sohsoi u Prince were
all the SOnS oil n knlXnt were knlRntB,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29
4 British lnionls, ON Alexander Hamilton.

In an essay on the American union en-
titled Alexander Hum'ton, by FREDERICK
SooTT OLIVER Putnams). the life and work
Of Alexander Hamilton are examined from
a point Of view new to his biographers. that
Of those British Unionists who like Mr..
Chamberlain aim to consolidate the British
Empire by granting a preferential tarif
10 the colonies. In a preface and in a
subsequent review Of Hamilton's achieve
ments the author Of this essay evinces a
familiar and discriminative knowledge Of
previous discussions Of the subject by John
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29

Our author finds in the durability Of his
honor paid to Alexander, Hamilton. he
points out that the Constitution Of the
United States after moro than . century
Of stress and rough weather seems stronger
than II was at the beginning. The public
credit 10 still based upon tho foundations
which Hamilton laid. Foreign relations
continue TO be governed BY the principles
which he sacrificed popularity to uphold.
The growth Of population and prosperity
which he foresaw has come to pass. Mon
did not choose to follow the guidance OF
his sane and moderate msxims for tho
regulation OF commerce. but at any rate
they lived and did their work under the
shelter Of institutions which he had the
chief share in moulding. BY his contribu-
ions to the Federotist and BY the personal
influence which he exerted in tho State Of
New York and elsewhere he prevailed
upon his fellow .countrymen TO mako q
trial Of union. and by the audaciey Of his
procedure. after the government under tho
Constitution had become operative. he
filed a written charter with the spirit of life.
H left things better than he found them:
firm institutions to replace Q quarrelsome
anarchy; q wide cooperation. instead of an
insensate Independence; q proud nation
and a noble tradition where there had been
but an angry strife between thirteen jarring
States" o."
Mr.. Oliver holds that IL a statesman has
achieved these things his admirers may
view with equanimity his failure in meaner
Our author. indeed. lays down
the principle that anything which has
stood-a tradition Of conduct or tho fabric
Of an empire-compels our admiration with
little regard for our personal interests or
national pride. A true instinct in mankind
insists on homage TO the great spirit that has
built enduring monuments. Tho moro
permanence is proof Of a certain mag
nanimity in the author. Our imagination
working backward to the confusion Of the
particular time discovers In zach case the
same group Of qualities-a true judgment.
without which the work must have crum
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-29

tenth century England. He noes. now
ever. that three other influences must be
taken into account. For one thing, the
American colonists had always lived under
written or rigid constitutions. namely. the
charters by which the various colonies had
been founded. Secondly. the fact that the
new State in order TO exist at oil had to be
not unitarian but federative compelled
the authors Of the Constitution framed at
Philadelphia In 1857 to define in Q written
document the relations between the in
dividual States and the central power.
In the third place the Americans had OBJ
viously been frightened by the consequences
of Hobbes's doctrine Of sovereignty. In
every possible sovereign they saw George
III. and they came to the conclusion that
this sovereignty was much too dangerous
a thing to be left at large. Therefore they
put il under lock and key. or rather a triple
lock and triple keys. One key they rave
to the Executive. one to the Legislature and
one to the Supreme Court; only with the
connivance Of these three can sovereignty
he let loose in the United States" Prof.
Pollard recalls Rousseau's dictum that tho
English we're free only once in seven years;
il is true that only at Q general election do
the constituencies exercise political sover-
eighty. On the other hand il in only about
once in a generation that the American
people Through a constitutional amend
mentl assert their mastery over their written
Constitution, which AZ all other times con-
trols and limits their action. NJ. W. II.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-08-25
STOCK MARKET
 HAS BETTER TONE Many Favorable Developments
 Help Prices CLOSE IS DULL AND LOWER Weekly Bank Statement Aids in Re- storing Confidence, and Market Becomes Little Stronger
 Near the Close.
CLOSE IS DULL AND LOWER

New York, August 4-With a holiday in London the local market had to ind itself This it did by a broad and strong opening in which prices for many of ,he active issues advanced from 1 to points. Sentiment was very favorably affected by the plan of the treasury department to ease the money situation during the com- ing crop movement period. There were other favorable developments. including tho statements of the commercial agents, which reported a continuance of business in good volume. Yet another encourage ing factor was further decline in for> eign exchange. which materially reduce l the prospects of further gold exports in the near future.
 Not all of the days news was encour- aging, however, which from the principal industrial centers were rather conflicting, though the more reliable reports bespoke increasing quiet in iron and steel and the kindred trades. There were persls- tent rumors also of another decline in the price of copper metal. An infallibe bar ometer of general trade conditions was the decrease of 20 per cent in bank clear ings throughout the country, compared with the same week last year. Follow ing the first flush of enthusiasm. the mar ket became dull with recessions of a point.
 Before the end of the first hour all the opening gains were lost, while many stocks were below last nights closing quotations. Southern Railway preferred, which caused yesterdays heavy selling movement, on the cut in dividend, fell 216 points, and some of the specialties suffered more severely. The market de- veloped a stronger tone on the bank ex- hibit. which showed a loan contraction of over $SOo0,Oo0 and cash loss of about $2,10OOO This left the legal reserves of the bank at s9,97s,ooo, as against s9274,ooO
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-08-25
How a Dog Keeps Cool.

From the Youths Companion.
 Prof. D. l.. Trouessart, of the Paris Museum of Natural History, in a recent lecture on animal heat, remarked that the dog, whose respirations in repose number only twenty-five or thirty a min ute, may In running acquire rate of re- splration as high as $50 minute. The effect of this acceleration favors the dis sipation of animal heat by evaporation from the pulmonary vehicles The dog persplres very little, or not at all, by the skin, pulmonary taking the place of cuta- neous transportation. It Is this fact which enables the dog to pursue it's game so long and consistently. Animals of the cat family on the other hand, do not possess this peculiarity, and for that reason ti- gers, partners and lions lie in wait for their prey, but do not pursue 1t over long distances The bird possesses pull monory transpiration in a very high de- gree.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-08-25
Old Aoe and Conscience.

Joel Chandler Harris in Uncle Remus'
 Magazine for September.
 Old age is both venerable and re- spectable, but 1t should be serene and cheerful, and illumined with the placid content that sheds a mild light over everything; for why should old age be gloomy and selfish. or irritable and ill- tempered, rather than hale and hearty and wholesome? There are numerous old men who know how to keep within laughing distance of their youth; and why should not all discover the secret? The answer to this is to be found among the things that are funda- mental. and when 1t is found, 1t spells Conscience, The gloomy and soured ones. who are at war with youth and the world, and who claim the posses sion of numberless physical ail- ments, would have an easier and a happier time if they traced their troubles to Conscience. It is their keenest and most painful ailment. may beat it down and smother 1t In the pride of life, and in the vain-glory of their youth, and it may lie dormant, a friendless and a forsaken thing, for many years, but 1t Is bound to have it's innings at last. When the body begins to show signs of physical wear and tear. and the passions grow weak or die out altogether, and the legs acquire their promonitory wabble so familiar to the experience of mankind, Conscience arises from It's long rest, refreshed and reinvigorated, and pro ceeds to take possession of the frail carcass and use It's sharp and secret lash. And what a pity this flashing cannot take place in the public eye! Tn the market-places of the world! In the midst of the assemblies of men!
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-08-25
MORE STRENGTH IN
 COTTON MARKET BuIIiSh Reports Cause Very
 Good Advance TOO MUCH HOT WEATHER Reports From Texas Show That the Crop Is Still Suffering From Dry Weather and Rains Have
 Been Scarce.
TOO MUCH HOT WEATHER

New York. August 24-The cotton mar ket opened steady at an advance of SQ6 points and sold about points net higher nthe active months during the early session on continued covering of shorts. Higher Liverpool cables and rather more bullsh visible supply statement, expecta- tions of an easier money market as a TO- suit of government funds and complaints from Texas of renewed hot weather and shedding. At the advance which carried prices % to 2s points above the low level of the week, theer was considerable real izing and fluctuations during the middle of the morning were rather irregular
 Except in scattered localities, according to information received from Texas. the drought in the Lone Star state has by no means been broken and the outlook there has now become extremely discourag- ing.
 Beneficial rains were reported as hay ing occurred in sections of the Mississippi valley, in Arkansas, the two territories and along the northern edge of TeXas. The fact that there was some rain where needed had its natural effect. A leading New York operator contradicted the ru- nor to the effect that he had turned bull, claiming the report to be absolutely un- true, saying in conclusion that 1t is diff ficult for him to imagine any conditions under which he should now anticipate higher prices for cotton in face of existing conditions, it becoming more and more evident to him that the dry goods trade, both in America and abroad, Is upon the eve of liquidation of what probably has been the most extensive speculation in manufactured goods that 1t has ever known, and that one has only to read the reports of the dry goods trade published in the daily papers to realize this fact.
 If the opinion of a large number of traders the demand for cotton goods the past season has not been of a speculative character as nearby delivery of manufac- tured goods has been almost impossible to procure, proving there having been no accumulation of stocks either in first or in second hands.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-08-25
An Era of FrenzIed Politics.

From Beslies Weekly.
 Not long ago 1t was the proudest boast of the American people that our industries were surpasslng fin magnitude those of all other nations. The prosperity of the United States has been great because 5f the prosperity of our industrial interests. The steel corporation with it's army Of 100000 employees. the Standard oil with 6O,O0O men on It's industrial pay roll, ex- elusive of official and clerical staff, and all the lines of manufactures which are thriving as they are In no other country. and which are fighting valiantly for new markets at home and abroad. are the principal factors in securing the wealth of the American nation The day will como when the sober judgment of those who think for themselves, and who think In the light of experiences both pleasant and bitter. who can recall other periods of prosperity as well as periods of ad versity, and the ''soup-house,' will look back upon this time of frenzied politics with amazement and indignation.