Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-01-06

Ing the people to refuse the payment
OF taxes and military service. was sign
ed by the Greater part Of the mem m
majority of the cadets. These eccentric
revolutionists who previously COMPOUNDED
their revolution with that of the French
revolution of 1889. to which they made FREE
auent allusion, left the soil of Russia to
meet in Finland. They thus unconsciously
demonstrated even to the dull senses of the
Russian peasant the abyss which separated
the deputies of the third estate in France
from those OF Russia. The French dele
gates of 1883 met in France and swore not
to separate until they had given France
constitution.
The manifesto Of the Russian revolution
lists at Viborg accomplished nothing. The
threatened general strike which was to
paralyZe the government failed iamentapiy.
The extreme parties resorted to their usual
methods Of murder and pillage and finally
attempted the assassination of the presl-
dent of the council NJ Stolypine. which
resulted in the death of many people.
The attempt against NJ Stolypine, fol-
lowed by the assassination of Gen. koslow
and NJ. Muller, created feeling of decided
reaction in Russia. A party was formed in
this spirit under the name of union of true
Russians" a party of reprisal, which pro-
posed to use the methods Of its adversaries,
the terrorists. who, in turn. have been
stricken with terror by the bombs which
heretofore they had dealt to their victims
While watching with interest the evolu-
duma, 1t will prove instructive to outline
some of the parties destined to play part
therein.
Russia has been in a state Of ferment
since 1868, when Alexander II abolished
serfage. Parties now are mainly arrayed
in conflict not so much for liberty as for
license-the bureaucrats for graft; the
philosophers, historians poets and politi-
clans for objects that are vague and illu-
sorry: the socialists and anarchists, for an
impossible communism and for perpetual
riot and revolution; the peasants alone de-
sire something tangible-more land These
are some of the powerful factors in the
drama which Is not yet closed.
The constitutional democrats. who formed
the majority party in the zemstvos and the
duma. were termed the tx. D.'s.'' or
cadets" Their program was parliament
tarism and universal suffrage.
The khomiakoff represents the majority
OF the noble class. 1t does not want the
duma as a consultative chamber It's dele
gates should be simply delegates of the
people. The ministers of the car shall be
personally responsible. The party favors
religious liberty.
The samarine party is nationalist and or
thodox, opposed to Jews in the duma and
to the responsibility of min
Other listers. and favors the re-
PARTIES establishment of the old
zemaki sober.
The party of legal order would replace the
autocratic regime by constitutional order.
It is composed of bureaucrats, and was
formed by Count Tiesenhausen 1t was
during some time the only support Of the
ministry.
The party of union Of October II was
formed by members of the zemstvos, NJ. NJ.
Chipoff Troubetzkei. Heyden. Krassowski,
Tlakhovitch. etc. 1t sustains M. Witte,
but is peace party.
The party of commerce and industry
favors the Jews, and is cosmopolite and
heterodox.
The party Of OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
favors a constitution, and would have the
emperor take oath to support it.
The droujinas, or companies party. was
formed by the socialists in the workshops.
1t Is numerous. and believes in violence and
bloodshed.
The Observation-Disclosures party Is COM
posed of followers of Blanqui. A fraction
call themselves Maximalfsts. their object
being to make the maximum of suffering to
others by throwing bombs.
The socialist-democrat party follows doc
trines of Marx and Is composed of two
fractions, the bolcheviki or the violents, and
the mencheviki who not decidedly violent
would join the cadets.
r The travaillists party is composed nrtn-
cipally of the working class. and affiliated
with these are some school teachers and
plain bourgeois. Their program is vague
The parties of the right are now denomi-
mated monarchists and men of Russia.
The monarchst party is composed of
members Of the high nobility, large pro-
prietors, bureaucrats, members Of the high
clergy. a small number Of bourgeois and
peasants. Among the adherents are NJ. M.
Pobedonostzef, Chahmatoff. Cheirinsky,
Tabler and Goremykin. 1t is not a numer
Gus party. but influential. 1t favors the
imperial authority everywhere and without
limit.
The party Of the union of the men of
Russia Is nationalist. Prince Cherbeloff
founded the first groupment. Among the
members are DR.. Doubrovine and M. Poury-
chticvitch The adherents are small mer-
chants. workmen and peasants. 1t is the
democratic group of the right. 1t is re-
ligious and anti-Semitc, and is accused OF
organizing disorders and the greater part
of the black bands-chernaia sotnia-are
factions Of it's modified force.
The rouskoie tobranie party, or Russian
Club, is composed of intellectuals profess
sors litterateurs and journalists. Its de-
fined policies opportunist
The party Of religious brotherhoods. not
purely religious include many priests and
plain people within its fold. Most of them
are autocrats, orthodox and nationalist.
The parties Of the center are divided into
three wings, composed of fractions OF the
Octobrists. Some lend to
A "Center" the manifesto a moderate
crorn liberal Interpretation, some
oppose Stolypine. are hostile
to government and hostile to revolutionists.
In general the parties favor the re-estab-
lshment of order and the institution Of use
ful reforms The majority sustains the gov
eminent and rivals the right in its ma
tionalism The center is the majority in
the council Of the empire The party OF the
left constituted the majority In the first
duma.
The pacific party was founded in June.
1906 by Count Heyden, who was elected to
the da1ma as Octohrist. Court Hevden
grouped about him all the important depu-
ties of the OctNhrists and some Of the
cadets such as Prince Lvov and de Saratof.
The party of democratic reforms is
small party founded by M. Kovaleskf.
With him is NJ. Kousinm Karavareff, whose
speciality is opposition to the death penalty.
Parties in Russia are numerous. but hope
lessly divided. The cerebral cells OF the
Russian are even more complex than that
of other peoples. There Is n unity OF
action possible under such physical condf-
tons, a fact which will contribute to the
strength Of government in the future duma.
The country must have become wearfed
with the reign of riot and revolution. and
assuming this to be true, the coming duma
,,;ll he cnu,nocad of more ORDERLY and