davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1907-12-26
Neties q Flvs-Ysar Flaal Proof.
DESAWT0EWx " THE INTEHION,
LAaD OFFICE At BlsMARCk, N. d..

LAaD OFFICE AT BIsMARCk, N. d..
November II. 1907.
Notice 10 hereby given that
ANDREAs NATHAN,
% Linton. N. D.. has fled notice of his
intention TO make 6ve-yeur final proof Ia
support of his claim, viz.
Homestead Entry No 2lO.o. made Dece mLer
d. 1901, for the w. v OF n. w. x and w !.
offs. ": HOf Sec. e. Twp 1:r3 n, Rye.
81 W. Of Fifth r. NJ.
And that said proof will he made before
L. A: Weatherby, United states commission
ef. at Linton, n. D.. on December q, 1907.
He names the following witnesses TO prove
his coptinuous residence upon and cultiya-
tiOn OF the land. viz:
John A. Bartu. Of Linton. N. u.
Johann Wenning, Of Linton, N. ID.
Frederick PfaR. yr., OF Linton, N. u.
George Huber, Of Linton. N. d.
n. II. JEWELL. Register.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1907-12-26
Notice Of Flvs.Year Flaal Proof.
DEPARTMENT or TIE IsrERIOR. y
LAND OFFICE At BISnARCk. y. d.,

December Z, 1906.
Notice is hereby given that
JOHN HAAK.
OF Hull, n. D., has Rled notice Of his In
tentiOn TO make 6ve-year 6nal proof In
support OF his claim, viz:
yl, 1905 for the d. r. y Of Sec. 81. Twp 10
n, Rye. IS W. Of Fifth +. Nj.
And that said proof will be made before
r. G. Rocks. clerk Of the district court OF
Emmons county. n. D.. vt Linton. n. d..
on Jaunsry q. 1905
He nanes the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon ana cuitiva-
tiOn OF the land. viz:
Peter Dykems. OF Hull, n: d:
h ,:s;y TsR Rs SNltt,; q 3, HaI \
Arie schaap. Of Hull. N. d.
N. H.JEwELL. Register.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1907-12-26
Notice o. cemmstatlon Flnal Proof.
DEPARfMENr or THE INTERIOR.
LAND OFFICE AT BISMARCK, N. d.,
NnYamlAr L. 1917

Notice Is hereby given that
ALOIslUs FUGER,
OF Hague. N. D., has Rled notice II his in-
tentiOn 70 make Communication 6nal proof In
support Of his claim. viz:
Homestead Entry No. a59ish, made July ~.
1905 for the n. " OF b. e. Il. s. w Of
9. e. u and 3. r. 4 OF 3. W. 4 Of Sec. rs.
Twp. l3l n. Rye. "a w. Of Fifth y. NJ.
And that said proof Will he made before
q. Rocks. clerk Of the district court OF
December -. 1907
He names the following witnesses To prove
bis continuous residence upon and cultlva
tiOn OF the land, viz:
Johannes senger. OF Hague. NJ o.
Wilhelm Heb. Of Hague. N. ~.
JOSeph Schumacher, OF Hague. N. ID.
n. u. JEWELL. Register.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1907-12-26
Notice Of Five.Ysar Final Proof.
DEPARTMENT or THE INTERIOR.
LAND Oe1ICB At Bi0nARCk. n. d..
December H. 1907

DEPARTMENT or THE INTERIOR,
LAND OFFICE At BISMARCK. n. D.,
December H. 1907.
Notice Is hereby given that
GEO. J. N. GLEN,
Zone Of the Hsirs OF Peter GLEN, Dcceased),
Of Winona. n. D., has fled notice OF his
Intention 70 make 6ve-year final proof In
support OF his claim. viz:
Homestead Entry No ltss4, made March ~.
1901; tor the n. F. q Sec. g Twp lsl
And that said proof will be maze before
T. U. Rocks. clerk Of the district court Of
Emmons county, \. D.. at Linton, N. d.. on
January 20, 1905.
He names the following witnesses TO prove
his contiuu0ue residence upon aud cultiva-
ton OF the land, viz:
Lincoln Gray. OF w!aona. n. b.
Charles Althof, Of Winons, N. ID.
Wilhelm Nagel. Of Winona, n. ID.
Michael Pendesgast, Of winons, n. d.
n. II. JEWELL. Register
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1907-12-26
Notice Of commstatlos Final Proof.
DEPARTMENT OF rHs INFERIOR.
LAND OFFICE at BISMARCK, N. d..
November II ln07

Notice IL hereby given that
SUSIE BEATRICE GKOGAN,
OF Marie, N. d.. has filed notice ~ her
mention to make communication final Droof
In support Of her claim, via.
Homestead Entry No. 8BD0O made October
Y. l0O6, for the y. X Of y. r. u OF Scr N
TwD l33 n, Rge. IS w. Of Fifth r. NJ.
And that said proof Will be made before
Z. A. Weatherby, Unitod States commission
cr. Mt Linton. n H.. on january q 1903.
She names the following wltnesse. 70 prove
her continuous residence uDDn and cnitiv;.
tfOn Of the land. viz:
william Mccormick, of Marie, ~ u.
John i1Owning. Of Marie, N. ID.
John Smith, ~ Marie. N. d.
Anna Grogan. OF Marie. N. ID.
NJ. u. JEWELL. Register.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
HEAVY SLUMP IN WHEAT
Drop of Four Cents in Price on
the Chicago Board.

Chicago, Oct. 2S.-The financial con-
dition in New York and the action of
the local banks in deciding to issue
clearinghouse certificates and to de-
mand full legal notice on withdrawal
Of time deposits caused a weak mar
ket in all of the grain pits. Wheat
within a short time after the opening
struck a point 4 cents lower than the
previous days close. The opening for
December wheat "a 971a to SO and
from this point the price slid down
to SO. At TO-. 80 it was holding around
81. The selling was in quite large
volume, but the demand was slack
and buyers were to all appearances
extremely reluctant to take hold. Brief
rallies took place after the breaks,
but the principal buyers were shorts,
There was little buying for investment
and the refusal of the banks to pay
out large amounts of cash limited the
opportunities of prospective purchas-
ers to put up the margins demanded
by the brokers.
Both corn and oats were weak for
the same reasons as affected the
wheat market.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
SALE OF MILITARY SECRETS
French Army and Navy Officers I'm.
der Arrest,

Paris, Oct. 26.-Ensign Charles B.
Ullmo of the French navy, who was
arrested at Toulon Oct. "a on the
charge of being a spy and who con-
fessed to having distracted a secret
naval signal book and the naval cipher
code, and Berten, the army reserve
officer, who was arrested at Vendome
charged with negotiating with an
agent of a foreign power for the sale
Of the military secrets, were brought
to Paris and a%rraigned before an ex-
aiming magistrate.
Ullmo confessed everything, declar-
ing he vas heavily in debt and that
his object was to raise money, but
adding that he intended to be a
traitor.
Berten denied the charge of trea-
son, but nevertheless the correspond.
ence seized when he was taken into
custody seemed to prove that he ar.
ranged to deliver certain military doc
uments to an agent of a foreign power.
The latter is not named, but it is I'm.
derstood to be Germany.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
SUPPOSED TRAIN ROBBERS
Two Men Captured at Spokane With
$4,000 in Cash.

Spokane. Wash, Oct. 26.-With
$4,000 in national bank notes con-
cealed on their persons, at the point
of drawn revolvers, surrounded by a
squad of detectives, two rough look
ing men, believed to be the bandits
who held up the Great Northern ORR
entail limited train near Rondo Siding,
Mont, on Sept. IL and secured $4,000
In greenbacks, threw up their hands
and were arrested in a Great North
ern dining car as it entered this city.
When searched at the police station
the $4,000 was taken from their
clothing. The descriptions of the
bandits exactly fit them. On the pa
per wrappers around the currency was
the stamp Of the Commercial Ma
tional bank of Chicago. The suspects
gave their names as G.. e. Mcdonald,
forty-three years old, and Ed Smith,
thirty-threo years old. They said
they were miners. They fell under
suspicion at Boomers Ferry, where
they squandered $500 in dance halls
and saloons.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Corrected.

A commercial traveller who makes
frequent trips to the west from New
York is on friendly terms with the
porter Of the sleeping car, who re-
joices in the name of Lawrence Lee.
"Well, Lawrence" announced the
salesman gleefully, 81 have good news
for you. We've had a birth in our
family-twins, by George"
"Dat am 10 birth, sir" said Law
renee, "dat's a section. Life.
Holy Water Stoups.
The holy water stoup in medieval
churches took many strange forms. In
the little village church of Annonay,
in France, there are two very fine
ones made from the two parts of the
shell of a giant oyster found in the
Malay peninsula, whence they were
brought $50 years ago by a son of the
village who vas an official in French
India iu it's palmy days. London
Scraps.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
FIRE SWEEPS BATHGATE.
Business Block Burns With Damage
Amounting to $22.70O.

In a fire which destroyed the bus
mess places for a block on the main
street of Bathgate last week, the fire
losses and insurance we're as follows,
the total damage being $34,700 and
the total insurance $22,700: Fred
Howard, grocery store, $1,000 on store
and $1,000 on stock; F. B. Boswick,
hardware store, $1,000 on store and
$1,000 on stock; j. J. Anger. grocery
store. $4,000 on store; Wilmer & Der
bick, drug store, $4,000 on store and
$4,000 or stock; Citizens State bank
building, $4,000 on building and fix
lures; Andrew Richardson, butcher
shop, $500; Denmars & Ardee, stock
in hardware store, $4,000; Frank Fled
Ter, building occupied by Demars &
Ardes, $1,000. F. B. Boswick's unoc-
cupied building $1,000.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
WILL SAIL ON DEC. is.
Departure of B%attIeship Fleet Def
nitely Settled.

Washington, Oct. 26.-secretary
Metcalf during the day announced
that it was definitely settled that the
Atlantic fleet would leave Hampton
Roads on Dec. 16 for it's cruise to the
Pacific coast. This announcement
followed a conference held at the
White House, to which the president
summoned Secretary Metcalf, Rear
Admiral Evans, who will command
the Atlantic fleet on it's cruise to the
Pacific, and Rear Admiral Brownsocn,
chief Of the bureau Of navigation of
the navy department. The conference
was called to continue more in detail
the cabinet meeting discussion of ma
val affairs. The discussion related
particularly to details of the Atlantic
fleets cruise to the Pacific coast.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
VICTIM OF TERRoRIsTs.
Director of Russian Prisons Assas
sjnated,

st. Petersburg, Oct. 2s.-General
Maximoffsky, director of the depart
ment of prisons of the ministry of the
interior, was shot and killed here.
The general was the highest respon-
sible official connected with the Rus
sian prisons and it is supposed that
this was the reason he was selected
for assassination by the ~terrorists.
A young woman, who has not yet
been identified, presented herself at
the weekly reception of General Max
imoffsky and remained quietly In the
crowded anteroom until 1t was her
turn to enter the generals private
Office. When she was in his presence
the woman drew a revolver and fred
seven shots into the generals body.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Hard Luck.

"It looks very much as though some
people are born to i'll luck" sighed the
old lady.
"Why do you think SOP" queried the
chance caller.
"Well take myself, for instance" said
the old lady. 81 have collected nearly
10000 medical recipes and pasted them
into a book during the last fifty years,
and 1 have never been sick a day in
my life."-Chicago News.
Our u and Others.
Our sun is a pretty big affair, its
diameter being 100000 miles, exceed.
ing that of the earth's 100 times; its
surface 11,750 times that Of the earth.
it's volume exceeding that Of the earth
100000 times and it's mass Cor at.
tractive power) being $4,000 times
greater than that Of the earth. But
great as the sun is, it is but one OF
many hundreds of thousands of SINH.
lar bodies.-New York American.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
NOT GIVEN ACTUAL CASH.
Chicago Depositors Paid by Check on
Withdrawal,

Chicago. Oct. 2S.-The banks of this
city are largely upon a checking basis.
They have taken the step of refusing
to pay out large amounts of currency
and will not return to the former man
ner Of doing business until the finan-
cial condition in the East improves.
In all banks belonging to the Clearing
house association or affiliated with it
%depositors seeking to withdraw money
We're given checks of the bank itself
instead of the actual cash. The de-
positors are allowed to draw the full
amount of their balances, but they
were compelled to accept the banks
checks instead of currency.
The rule requiring savings bank de
positors to give thirty days notice be-
fore drawing out less than $100 and
sixty days notice before drawing out
more than 500 was also put in force.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
SITUATION IS BETTER
Financial Conditions in New York
Continue to Improve.
HEAVY GOLD APPROPRIATIONS
Engagements Already Made Aggre'
gate $%17,5oo,ooo and Have Had
a Very Helpful Influence.

New York, Oct. 2S.-The financial
situation continues to show encourag-
ing evidence of improvement, as eX-
c%eptionally large engagements of gold
have been made abroad and the stock
market is advancing on the general
demand for securities at low prices.
The gold engagements now total ST.
100000 and already exert a very help
orders from abroad for American Sc
curities, which must be paid for in
gold, and this will augment the specie
imports. Investigation also discloses
an exceptionally large number of
transfers of stocks upon the books of
the various corporations having head
quarters in New York, indicating
heavy investment buying.
There are practically no margin
transactions on the stock exchange at
ported anywhere in New York and
even in the case of the Kansas City
institution which closed it's doors it
was forced to close only because it
was refused admittance to the priv
ileges of the clearinghouse remedial
efforts in that city.
The pressure upon the banks in
New York is distinctly abating. NO
new runs have been reported and
those begun last week have dwlndled
to almost insignificant proportions.
Wall street has assumed practically
its normal appearance, the crowds be-
ing no larger than in the days of
financial quietude. The adoption of
clearinghouse certificates and the re.
fusal to pay cash for boarding pur-
poses has produced nc apparent ex-
citement whatever in this city.
In order to assist in the measures
undertaken to relieve the strain on
the currency situation the leading life
insurance companies have decided to
grant thirty days extension of time
on the payment of premiums due on
policies.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Wood Shortage Is Serious.

According to L. B. Gibbs, wholesale
coal and wood dealers of Grand Forks,
from dealers in towns in the north
ern half Of the state saying that they
have absolutely no wood on hand and
that there is a heavy demand for it.
While many of the country dealers
put in a supply of coal they have ne
elected to order wood early. The re-
suit is a rather serious situation, with
the winter not far distant. Wholesal-
ers have found it impossible to get
wood.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Fell From High TrestIe,

The big trestle being built by the
Northern Pacific over the Cheyenne
valley claimed it's first victim last
week. The trestle is 1000 feet long
and more than $50 feet high. The
steel crew began work a week ago
Friday and last week two men fell
from the west end of the t%restle, al
ready constructed ninety-fve feet, to
the ground. One will probably not re-
cover, while the other is badly bruised
and cut, but will recover The scene
Of the accident is at Valley City.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Methodist Conference AdIourns.

The event of greatest Importance in
the North Dakota Methodist confer
nee at Minot was the reading Of the
new assignments by Bishop Goodsell
after a very successful service. The
changes in the conference are many
and some of them important. Presid-
ing Elder ]. G.. Moore, who has been
so successful in the Minot district for
the past four years, goes to Grand
Forks, succeeding Rev. Burns, who
will go to Foss M. q. church in Min
neapolis. Elder Moore will be sue
ceeded by Rev. Vermilya, formerly at
Park River, who has won a wide repu-
tation for himself as a speaker of no
mean ability.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
SOME EMPLoYE SUSPECTED
United States Express Company Is
Robbed of $4,000.

Milwaukee, Oct. 25.-Investigation
into the loss of approximately $24,O0
from the railway depot Office of the
United States Express company in
this city shows that the money was
probably taken by an employee who
was thoroughly familiar with the sur
%roundings and with the best means of
making away with the plumber.
The thief apparently had knowledge
of the combination of a large safe in
the office. None Of the employees is
missing and the question of locating
the guilt, whether upon an employee
Or former employee or some outside
person familiar with the safe COM
bination and Office surroundings, has
not yet been determined.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
APPEAL LIQUOR CASE.
United States Supreme Court to Pass
on ConstitutionaIity of Law.

United States Supreme Court to Pass
on ConstitutionaIity of Law.
States Attorney Wineman of Grand
Forks has been notified by Judge Ed
ward Engerud of Fargo that the ase
of R. E. Flaherty, involving the consti
~tutionality Of the law requiring hold.
ers of government certificates to sell
liquor to publish and post the same
would be appealed to the United
States supreme court at Washington.
The supreme court of North Dakota
decided recently that the law was con
stitutional. The appeal is to be taken
on a writ of error and a stay of pro-
ceedings will be allowed in the case
of Flaherty. Judge Engerud represents
the bottling interests, which have
strenuously opposed the new law.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
SEVERAL MORE FAILURES.
Additional Brooklyn Concerns Close
Their Doors.

Their Doors.
New York, Oct. 25.-The First Ma
tional bank of Brooklyn, with a cap
ital stock of $4,000 has suspended
payment. 1t yves depositors about
$4,20O,0O
The failure of Gregory, Gulick &
Co., members Of the Consolidated
Stock Exchange, was announced dur
ing the afternoon. The failure is an
~unimportant one.
The Williamsburg Trust company
Of Brooklyn, which has a capital stock
of 100000, closed its doors during
the afternoon. 1t owes depositors
about $500, 900.
The jenkins Trust company of
Brooklyn, not an important institu-
ton, closed its doors during the after
noon. It's total Of deposits was about
$1,000, 900.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Ten Per Cent Cut in Meat Prices.

Omaha, Oct. 28.-Omaha packing
houses have reduced the price of all
kinds Of meat 10 per cent and expect
a still further reduction. Edward A.
Cudahy of the Cudahy Packing COM
pany expressed the belief that the
prices of all commodities would be
materially reduced and that the pres
ent financial furry would result in a
general reduction in values, although
he does not think conditions serious.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
EARTHQUAKE IN ITALY
Hundreds Of Lives Lost and Nu=
merous Towns Destroyed.
PEOPLE IN STATE OF TERROR
Inhabitants Of the Stricken District
Believed the End of the World
Was at Hand.

Rome, Oct. 25.-The latest details
received here regarding the earth
quake in Calabria Wednesday in every
way tend to show that the damage
done was much more extensive than
at first estimated and that the loss of
life has been great. The lowest es-
Inmates place the number of killed at
i've 200 and the highest at over 500,
but the exact number will not be
known until the ruins are cleared
away.
The shocks were especially severe
in the southern end of the Calabrian
peninsula. Throughout Calabria Thurs
day there were scenes of desolation
and despair.
AS oon as possible detachments Of
troops with relief trains were hurried
to the scene of the disaster and did
everything they could to assist the
people who had fled from their homes.
The first shock was a tremendous
enc and was followed by two others
of longer duration, which entirely de-
stroyed two villages and reduced many
houses in several others to ruins.
Rain Added to Suffering.
The first shock brought the entire
population of the villages into the
open. Many succeeded in escaping to
the hills or open plains, which ac-
counts for the list of fatalities not be-
ing greater. To add to the desolation
it was raining in torrents, which great
ly increased the suffering among the
homeless.
Half the houses at Ferruzzano and
~Prancaleone collapsed and many per-
sons were buried in the ruins and at
sinopoli and st. Ilario more lives are
said to have been lost. Panic prevails
everywhere.
Recella, Jonica, Reggie, Cosauza,
B%aracdio, Cittanova, Palmf, Marina
and other towns also suffered from the
shocks, but zone severely.
The cathedral at Tore di Gerace,
which arose from the ruins of Locri
E%pizephyrii, the once celebrated col
ony of the Locrains, was thrown down,
as was also an ancient tower that had
withstood all the Calabrian earth
quakes for centuries past.
Half the houses of the village of
Gerace are in ruins and similar con-
dltlons prevail in a number of other
points of Calabria.
Earth Shocks Continue.
The earth shocks continue, but they
are slight. The people still are in a
condition Of apprehension, which is
Increased by each tremor. In spite of
the torrential rain that is falling the
people absolutely refuse to remain un-
der n cover. They have made their
beds in the open. Mattresses have
been spread about the squares and
the fields surrounding the stricken vii
lagos and the people are covering
themselves and their children as best
they may. Many thousands will pass
the nights in this manner. The only
buildings that the frightened people
will consent to enter are the churches,
and even there they will net stay long.
Sacred relics have been exposed in
the cathedral of Catanzaro and this
served in a measure to calm the peo-
pie.
The heavy rains have caused floods
at several places and the waters make
more difficult the work of rescue,
which under these circumstances is
necessarily proceeding slowly. The
people are too frightened to assist in
the rescue work
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Hero Dies Of Lockjaw.

Clarence Erickson of st. Paul, the
youth who was injured at Buffalo, N.
D., in an attempt to save the life Of
David Moore, son Of s. @. Moore, a
banker, died in the hospital at Fargo
OF lockjaw. The accident occurred
Oct. IL. Both boys were rushed to
Fargo on q special train. Moore died
on the day he was injured.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Court Moved by Tears.

The tears of pretty Anna Olson won
her freedom at Northwood. She was
charged with passing a forged check
and was arrested at Grand Forks and
taken back to Northwood for a hear
ing. 1t was alleged that the girl
cashed a forged check on a merchant
in order to get money enough to go to
her home in Minnesota.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
FOUR MEN MEET DEATH.
Portion of Dynamite Factory Nea,
Ashland, Wis, Blows Up.

Ashland, Wis, Oct. 24.-No. 2 mix
ing mill of the Atlantic Dynamite COM
pany factory blew up during the morn
ing, The mill is about six miles
southwest of Ashland. Two hundred
pounds of nitroglycerin exploded. The
cause is unknown and eve will be
learned. The dead are: Arnold Hust.
land, aged thirty-three years; Ole
Wicks, aged nineteen, and Peter
Wicks, aged seventeen. A fourth man
is torn to pieces so badly that he can
not be identified.
The work train had just pulled out,
otherwise a larger number of men
would have been killed.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Fireman Instantly Killed.

A bad wreck occurred on the 500 at
Kensall, in which Fireman w. A..
Young of Enderlin lost his life. The
train on which Young was firing was
a westbound special and went into a
train at Kensall. Young jumped, but
was caught under the tender and in
stantly killed. It was his first run.
The aus of the wreck Is unknown.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1907-10-31
Ended His Life on the Street.

William Jahnke met his wife after
six months separation at Cogswell.
They had a short conference and he
threatened to shoot her, but a moment
later stepped into the middle Of the
street and in the presence Of fifty or
more people suicided by shooting him
self with a revolver.