The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1907-08-19

inattention, and persons of rank gull
ty Of the same crime were sure to ex-
perience the. imperial vengeance.
Seutonius in his life of Yespasian,
afterwards emperor, tells us that that
parsonage greatly provoked the anger
of Nero by escaping from the theater
during the time of performance How
ever, fearing the consequences of the
offence he returned in order to make
atonement, when, unfortunately fall
ing asleep while the emperor was
singing, only the most earnest inter
cession of his friends, men of the
highest rank, appeased the imperial
wrath and saved his life.
During this time public games were
celebrated and dramas were perform
ed in all the great cities of the en-
pire. These were continued and en-
couraged by the successors of Nero.
Adrian, who had been educated at
Athens, was much attached to and
great patron of Grecian customs. SO
partial was he to the city where he
had imbibed his knowledge that in
the year 1875 A. D. he celebrated there
the great festival of Bacchus, and the
next year presided in the public games.
In 1872 he instituted new games and
built templeslin Egypt in honor of his
fayorite Antinous. One hundred and
forty-tw years after Christ Antoni-
nus, Adrian's successor, instituted new
games called Pia and Pialia, in honor
of Adrian, which were appointed to
be exhibited at Puteoli on the second
Iyear of every Olympiad.
The emperor Commodus, in mon
strosity a worthy rival of Nero, and
equally vain of hte reputation of a
great public performer, not content
with exhibiting his abilities as an ac-
tor, dancer and singer, was ambiti-
Gus of shining as a gladiator A long
lseries of warfare had hardened the
hearts of his people and Injured them
to blood Their emperor never
thought himself so worthily employ
ed as when, for the sport of his
Roman subjects, he was destroying a
Roman life.
The Greeks possessed an equilibri-
UNI between idealism and realism but
the Romans had a tendency to real
ism only, Although the Romans
were the immediate neighbors of all
Greek culture, a strong dissimilarity
in their nature accounts for the di-
vergence in their philosophy and the
different development OF their arts
This contrast between the two peoples
is apparent mainly in their national
religious beliefs and in the meta
morphosis undergone by the Hellenic
deities transmitted to the Romans
Apollo Aphrodite and the MUSES., per-
tsoniications of the Greek ideals OF
poetry, of beauty and of song, we're
regarded by the Romans as vastly in
-feror to their god Mars The Romans
had no ideal for the love of beauty
Greek heroism and patriotism became
but mere ambition for conquest and
military glory. Genuineness in ART
was to the Greeks their highest de-
light, whereas the Romans were con-
tent with the senlblance Of it, While
iunfettered liberty was innate in the
Greek, the Roman was satisfied with
restricted freedom. In Roman life
there was an absence of that mysteri.
Gus and mystical element so congcnia
to the inventive power of the must
clan. The Romans lacked tha
ideality possessed by the Greeks in
higher degree which gave to the tona
art, especially when united to poetry
such an elevated position in Greece.
In Rome music was at best Guilt
waited to increase the pleasure of life
1t served as pure ornamentation, an(
substituted for artistic feeling mere
effect which it attained not by intrin
sic merit but by briliancy and dis
play.
Roman music contained certain ele
ments which cannot be explained b,
the relation in which Rome stood t.
Greek art, but which were innate il
their character The oldest Of thei
instruments were no doubt COPIED
from the neighboring Etruscans,
people far superior to the earl,
Romans in general culture. This re
markable nation appears to hav
been the connecting link between Hell
lenic and Roman culture. The archi
teetural and plastic works of tn
Etruscans, unquestionably of Pelas
gian and Doric origin, influenced TIL
corresponding arts of the Latins; an
tradition informs us that the Etrus
cans united with them and the Sabine
in erecting the City of the Seven Hills
The particular instrument of Etru
ria was the double flute. From rep
reservations depicted on Etruscan vas
es it would appear that this instru
| ment was largely used in the celebra
ton of their funeral rites. The dou
BILE flute was also employed to accom-
Epany festival dances and also in thei
sacred services.
The Tyre was but little used by tn
Etruscans while the Romans used TIL
: cithar and Tyre as largely as did tn
ing was considered part of the educa
: ton of maidens Of noble birth. Late
Greeks At one period cithar play
however, when music became dissen
mated among the multitude who use
it only as a superficial amusemen
cithars and Tyres, just as all otht
instruments, descended into the hand
of the slaves. Those who desired re
fined musical enjoyment which We
the case with many emperors, SEM
ltors and rich patricians, engaged pei
Z formers from Greece. This is anothe
striking proof that music never b.
Do,