davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
HER HEAD BURSTS.
Age d Kentucky Lady Has Remark
able Effect From Headache,

lasgow, Ky,-Nlrs. Bette Davis, an
aged lady, who lives at Coral Hill, kyo
seently had her head to burst from
hs5dache. The case is a most peculiar
frcak, and is puzzling the doctors
Thursday afternoon Mrs. Davis took a
we're headache, and suffered through
ut the afternoon, night and all day
'riday. The usual simple remedies
Ga led to give relief, and some time Fri
}eg a hole about the size of a 32-cali-
bar pistol ball appeared in Mrs, Davis
forehead near the temple, and when
scovered the blood had run down off
lie bed for more than six feet on the
hoor,
After the loss OF considerable blood
Mrs. Davis head became easy, and
since then she has experienced no in
convenience
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
HASN'T SHAVED FOR 35 YEARS.
Iowa Man Now Has Whiskers Seven
Feet Long

Council Bluffs, Iowa, James w,
Main, a farmer residing near Glen
wood, was in Council Bluffs recently
and attracted much attention.
Main has whiskers seven feet long,
the result of 50 years of uninterrupt-
ed growth. He is now more than 10
years old. Thirty-fve years ago he
says he grew tired Of shaving and
swore he would never shave again. In
a few years his whiskers reached his
waist, and he concealed them under
his coat Then they reached his knees
and he had to button his vest and
trousers over them.
When he unfurls the giant growth
he looks a picture of old Father
Time. Main has never had a sick
day since he began to let his whiskers
grow
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
uuuxAunsmasa y saA't III III :.
|sallssissippiH sag2 /
The Gpberuatorial Campaign

Men who are 0bserantr %ho are
watching the present contest Of ean =.
dates for State Office before the people, :
profess the belief, based on previous
campaign years, that tbere y more OF
good feeling and good nature EXISTING
among the candidates and their friends
than can be recalled. There seems 70
be less Of rank partisapshiP and lac-
tionaHsm; in fact il is doubtful llr, /, II
critical examination and ahaiy ST O 'lle
situation we're made, one wontl detect
ANYTHING that could be strictly classea
as partisan alignment. Each Ehoef,
Material candidate Is gentleman oi
splendid ability and counts many %arIur
ardent friends aad admirers, : INC
records Of each are uhhleTnished ana
honorable, and each has had'hts tasle
of the rough and seamy side OF exist
enee. All are sympalhetie, 9ppd IN theH
public utterances appeal to the Iuus
ment and sympathies Of the people oe-
fore whom they appear, sdt
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
COL. VAUGHAN AT HEAD.
Veteran Newspaper Man Put In
Charge of Big Event.

st. Louis, Mo,--Col w, r. Vaughan,
of st. Louis, the veteran newspaper
man and well known writer has been
honored by the jamestown Exposition
officials by being placed in charge OF
Newsboys' Day at the exposition, the
date for the event being fixed for
August "a The National Elk's
Horn" and the "lrish-American" are
the two journals which have been Sc
lected to give full and official infor-
nation regarding Newsboys' Day
Col. Vaughan is connected with both
publications.
1t is expected there will be $4,000
newsboys at the exposition on August
"a. Col Vaughan expects to take a
large number from St Louis and sur
rounding cities and is now busily en-
gagged in making necessary arrange
ments.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
ROW OVER THE ALAMO.
Texas Organization Splits on care
of Famous Structure.

Austin, Texas.-Temporarily the
Daughters Of the Republic Of Texas
is dlsorganized and one-half Of the
members will not speak to tht
other half. 1t came about over the
possession of the Alamo where Texas
soldiers were slain by the Mexicans
Through the efforts Of Miss cara
Driscoll the Alamo was saved and
given to the state. An act Of the leg
islature turned It over to the Dangh.
ters Of the Republic Of Texas, Some
wanted TO build a park and erect a
hotel. Everyone had different plan
At the state meeting here Saturday
Miss Adina de Zayala led one rae
ton in a bolt and separate orgahiza-
ton was formed.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
PCaTANT DECISION
Supreme Court on Railroad
~ A9 aeea .ation by States.

Sy lag eEa.ation by States.
ah.rRta1,-The supreme court OF
ht laa states today decided in ef-
Que ltH railroad commissioners in
iact State North Carolina can combel
't iaatd company operating in that
% a o adjust its schedule as to ac'
7" uruInta passengers on other lines
-'.m a1y particular part Of the State.
y la up on was delivered by Justice
.u the case Of the Atlantic Coast
Line "a lroad Company vs.. The Cor
p0rat5n Commission of North Caro-.
linn. The case arose out Of an order
Ii9u2a ay the commissioners directing
Itae railroad company to make conncc.
t.Jn Selma at 2;25 pm. with a train
on another line running from the east
ern part OF the State with the object Of
accommodating passengers whose des-
'traa)n was Raleigh. The supreme
court of North Carolina held against
.ae ailroad company, and its decision
|wa affirmed by today's action Of the
|-gpreme court Of the United States on
.8a ground that the order of the com
sion does not affect rates, but is a
/ |pa Der act Of State regulation.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Pittsburg Stricken Again.

Pittsburg, Penn, - Cerebro-spinal
meningitis, Or spotted fever, is again
prevalent in this city Out Of II
cases during March and April II
have resulted fatally and no hope Is
entertained by physicians for the
recovery of the six remaining pa
tents, Poor plumbing and aceumu-
lation of filth, with poor ventilation is
the cause OF the epidemic, according
to the health authorities.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

St Petersburg, Russia.-The min
istar of marine will 90 to Libau April
2S to inspect the training squadron,
composed of the battleships Care
witch and Slaya, and the cruiser Bo-
gatyr, to determine whether or not
they are in a fit condition to be sent
to Hampton roads for the jamestown
exposition. If it is decided TO send
them, they will so in May.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

Columbus, Ohio-Governor Harris
granted a respite to June 7th to
James Cornelius, OF Canton, who was
sentenced to be electrocuted Friday
for the murder of his wife. The
respite was granted in order to give
the attorneys for the condemned man
an opportunity to present an applica-
ton for a Communication of sentence to
the state board of pardons,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
new LAND RULING
LOCAL LAND OFFICES RECEIVE
NEW INSTRUCTIONS.
TO FURNISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Land Withdrawn from Coal Entry and
Not Released Will Be Considered
Coal Land.

Washington.-The commissioner of
the general land office has Is
sued instructions to registers and re-
ceiyers of local land offices concern
ing the selection of lands by states
and territories under grants for edu'
cational and other purposes, under
regulations approved by the secretary
of the interior last Wednesday. Un-
der the new regulations, the states
will be permitted to make indemnity
school land selections in lieu OF frac-
tional portions Of legal subdivisions
which heretofore has been prohibited,
and notice of all selections made by
the state is required to be published
in newspaper of general circulation
in the county where the lands select
ed are situated. A few other minor
notifications are made, designed to
facilitate the selection Of lands by the
state officers,
Instructions also have been issued
to local land offices regarding the
disposition of lands withdrawn from
coal entry, both as to lands known to
lie within a known coel field and lands
outside of such field. The local Off
GERS will be furnished with geological
survey township maps, showing the
known coal fields, and entries Of sucf
land%will be received. Lands hereto
fore withdrawn from coal entry ant
not released will be considered a!
"coal lands" Coal filings made within
sixty days prior 10 Withdrawals from
coal entry may be completed within
the time prescribed by the statutes
less the time from date Of such with
drawals to date of special writer
notice OF the filing of maps and list
in the local land office Lands no
coal lands may be entered under an
of the public land laws applicable t
the particular tract
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Eallinn ReNoIvcr Kills.

Puabla. Mex--A revolver falling
from the pocket Of Hilario Hernandez,
priest, sent a bullet through the
heart of n. joaquin Casarato, young
millionaire of this city, while the two
men in company with A. GueXara,
rich hacienda owner, were out riding
in Guevara's automobile. GuaVara
and the priest were Immediately ar
rested and are being held pending an
irvestipatiOn.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
blizzard in Montana.

Missoula, Mont. - Western Mon
tara is experiencing a severe biz
zeTd and snow is falling rapidly On
the Flathead Indian reservation the
snow is already six inches deep, but
nrecipitation has not been so great in
tho vicinity of Mlssoula. Unless the
T. lperature should fall considerably
there will be no damage to fruit trees
in Western Montana.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

Washington-As preliminary
step towards the creation of a
large experimental station for an
army balloon corps, the war depart
ment has contracted for the construc-
ton of a hydrogen generating plant
at Fort Omaha, Neb This will he one
of the largest hydrogen plants in the
world, capable of producing 5000
cubic feet of gas per hour,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Gordon Statue to Be Unveiled.

Atlanta, Ga. Arrangements were
completed today for the unveiling OF
the equestrian bronze statue to be
erected on the capitol grounds here to
the late Gen. John b. Gordon. The
uuvciling will be by Mrs. Frances Cor
don Smith and Mrs. Caroline Lewis
Brown, daughters OF Gen. Gordon.
Among the speakers viii be Gov. Ter
rell, Gen. Stephen D, Lee, Gen. Glenn
ent A. Evans and Rev. j. William
Jones OF Richmond, Va.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

San Francisco, Cal.-Jack Lon
don's sailboat, the Shark, sailed for
Honolulu Tuesday, the first port to
be touched on a six years cruise
around the world. The vessel is 40
feet long, ketch-rigged and its occu-
pants, beside London and his wife, are
Herbert $. Stoltz a Stanford gradu-
ate and athlete; Roscoe Eames, cap
tain; Martin Johnson, the cook, and
FIileshfsa, Toehigi, cabin boy.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Negroes on Warpath.

Norfolk, Va. As the result of amur-
derous tour in the Berkeley ward OF
Norfolk by two negro highwaymen,
Charles W. Parks, aged 50, is dead,
and Edward Cooper, aged 80, and Miles
Newsom, colored, are lying unconscious
with fractured skulls and with little
chance of recovery, and VIM. Watkins
is less seriously hurt, and will recover.
Two negroes were captured, and one
who gives his namo as Wm. Mcintosh,
has been identified. The second negro,
who at first escaped, after firing on the
nursninp nflicnr. was later arrested.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
PREPARING for Trouble.

Paris.-With a view to coping
with the May day demonstrations,
NJ. Lepine, perfect of Paris, will
have an audience of the commanders
of the regiments stationed here. He
has decided to give final instructions
rhat the entire garrison be confined
to barracks on that day or be posted
in strategic positions so as to be in
readiness for trouble.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

BLACK HAND A PERIL.
Witness Declares There Are Fifty
Branches in United States,

Wilkesbarre, Penn.-At the trial
,iere of thirteen alleged Black Hand
conspirators, an Italian witness testi-
fed that there were 50 branches Of
the order in the United States He
said it was almost impossible for a
victim sentenced to death to escape.
He told Of threats to blackmail him,
aud when he refused to pay HIS home
was dynamited and later bombarded,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

III Paso, Teyas.-Richardson, Ma,
son and Harle, the Americans who
are under sentence of death at
Chihuahua, Mexico, for murder 10
secure insurance money. were grant.
ed another lease of life when the
federal court sitting in Juarez after
refusing a writ of habeas corpus
granted an appeal to the supreme
court of the Republic of Mexico.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Nnuelist Is honored.

London, Eng,-Winston Spencer
Churchill, undersecretary for the
colonies. has been made a priVy coun-
cilIor and will be sworn in shortly.
It is understood this honor is a mark
of Premier Campbell-Bannerman's ap.
nreciation Of his work in the colonies,
especially in connection with the i'm.
perlal conference.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Wants Receiver DISCHARGED.

Topeka, Kas.-H. H. Tucker, Ir.,
the indicted secretary-treasurer Of
the Uncle Sam Oil Co, filed a pc
tition in the United States district
court here, asking that the receiver
recently appointed by the court be
discharged. Tucker declares the com
pany. which has 10000 stockholders,
is solvent. A hearing on the petition
was set for May G.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

Coatzacoalcos, Mex,-Former Pres.
ident Manuel Bonilla of Honduras
arrived here direct from his own
country via Salina Cruz. He de
clares he will await here the arrival
of steamer from the south which
will bring a friend and will then PRO.
ceed to Belize and from there back
to his own country to take up arms.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

Salt Lake City. Utah.-The pros.
poets of an amicable adjustment
Of differences between the Utah
Light and Railway Co. and its men
were made more remote when Presi-
dent Bancroft said the company would
treat with committee of the men,
but would not treat with any one act
ing in the capacity of union repre-
sentative.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
died nf LIis La liIrfns

Boston Michael Cunningham, 4
union teamster, who was shot by
a strike-breaker in South Boston
last Wednesday, died of his injuries,
William Harris, of New York, is un-
der arrest charged with shooting Gun
ningham.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Much Renlnnting to Be Done.

Continued rains and cold weather
in the Yazoo City section played havoc
with farming operations and planting Is
far behind. Much OF the corn and
cotton that had been planted will have
10 be replanted, and good planting cot
ton seed is scarce 1t is doubtful If
there will be enough to supply the de-
mand for replanting, .....-
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Petition for Pardon.

A petition has been presented to the
governor asking the pardsn 81 Nike
Eldridge, who was sentenced from Har-
rison county for two years. Eidridgc
was out under bond at the time the SUI
preme court affirmed the sentence In
his case, and as soon as he learned OF
the courts finding he stood not oa the
order OF his going, hut proceeded at
once to the Rankin farm andssnrren-
dered to the sergeanti even paying ms
own transportatiOn. lLL-.El .
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

The fact that the people are demand
ing the highest quality of teachers il
demonstrated ay the action OF the
Smith county examining board at its
recent session. Fify-odd applicants
appeared and took the examinations,
and of that number only eleyensuccess-
fully passed. This has been the expe-
rience with other boards. 3-.r.-
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Naval storea oneratorsl Z

The naval stores operators Of nearly
dill the SOU .aern States rnetat Hattes-
burg TO perfect an organizationAoi o
selling company with aoapitaBof $20y-
100000. The first stepwas takenwhen
the Mississippi operators formed the
nucleus Of the companyg andrthe idea
met with such favor fr0mthe operators
Of other States that the scope was en-
arged to let them in, They complain
Of the treatment accorded them by the
commission men,q and hoPe Bg the
formation Of this gigaliel company 70
eliminate the middlemen entirely;
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Industrial World Peaceful.

Chicago, lll,-For the first time
in years, May will be ushered
in without any serious disturbances
in the industrial world. This peace
full condition applies not only to Chi
caeo but to all large cities through
out the country, according to James
4 Emery, secretary of the Citizens
Industrial association,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
ALLEGED sAFEeLoWER ESCAPES
Former Superintendent Of School
Charged with Irregularities.

Peoria, Tll.-Ed Tate, an alleged
safeblower, who was held In this
city on the charge Of opening the
school board safe and destroying the
n. C. Daugherty script, escaped from
the St Francis hospital He had
been in the hospital for several days
suffering from blood poisoning.
Daugherty, a former superintend-
ent Of the Peoria schools, is in prison
at Joliet for financial Irregularities.
The script supposed to have been de-
stroyed by Tate contained, it is said,
further evidence of Daugherty's guilt.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Ronza Destroyed. 2. sn

Ninety-eigiit cases Of whisky, In bot
ties and casks we're seized by tie Sficers
at Jackson, and While the thieflei po-
lice, with detail Of officers@nstood
guard, hired hands and and members
Of the chain gang proceeded to turn
the contents out upon the ground. In
addition to this three casks Of bottled
beer were also destroyed. Ibiwas the
largest lot of wet goods eTerdestroyed
in this manner at one time, and the
operations continued for two hones.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Mau Indict LotterY Agents.

A number Of persons in the State are
threatened with indictment on the
charge of acting as agents Of the Hon
duras lottery. II is a matterof almost
common knowledge that lottery tickets
have been sold in the southern district,
and in goodly quantities. 4tlu
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

Chicago,-The railroads Of the
southwest are getting ready for
the greatest immigration effort in
their history, according to the Record
Herald, which says that plans are be
ing perfected for a new. steamship
service between European and gulf
ports.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

Lonsing, Mich.-The official can
yass of the votes cast at the
state election in April shows repub-
Iican plurality exceeding 100000, ex-
cept in the contests for regents of
the university Supreme Justice w
l.. Carpenter led the ticket with a
plurality of 1881.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Assured of PAYMENT.

Washington, D, CA delegation
of Quinaielt Indians from the state
of Washington visited Indian Com
missioner Leupp and made protest
against the inclusion of portion
Of their reservation in the Qui
naielt forest reserve. They were as
sured that if their land was appro.
priated they would be paid for it.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
church COLLECTIONS at Columbus.

Rev. W. A. Hewitt, pastor Of the
First Baptist Church Of Columbus,
broke all records for collections last
Sunday, raising a little over $4,000
at his service in about twentEminutes.
The church will be completely remod-
eled and put in frst-class shape,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Ia Per cenk Dividend

Pittsburg, Penn.--At the quarter
" meeting Of the directors of the
Pressed Steel Car Co., held in this
city. the regular quarterly dividend
of "a per cent was declared on the
preferred steel. but no action was
taken toward the resumption of divi.
dends on common.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Two Citizens Drop Dead.

Two Newton county citizens dropped
dead last week. One was A. !. Rayner
of the Wickware continuity, who, while
in apparently good health, fell out Of
his chair and expired ina few moments
The other, Mr.. Henderson, who lived
near Hickory, while endearorlng to
catch his horse toppled over and died
irnroediatplr. "gHH a @1Lf .t
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Enisconal Council.

More than usually interesting will be
the annual council Of the bishop, clergy
and lay delegates Of the Protestant
Episcopal diocese Of Mississippi to be
held at Yazoo City on May 8 and9 next,
marking the fourth council held under
the leadership Of the present bishop
and the sixty-dfth in the history OF the
dippesh -#H" -.|@
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

San Antonio Tex.-Lack OF Wit
nesses has resulted in brief post
ponement Of the Macklin court-mar'
tial The case was to have been re-
sumed Friday, but was deferred un'
III Monday. Three more witnesses are
TO testify foT the prosecution Ihe
defense will call tiKe witnesses.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Postmaster General Is Satisfied.

Boston General George
Won l.. Meyer stated Sunday that he
came to Boston on departmental bust
ness. He said there was no truth in
number of recent reports that he
was dissatisfied with his present posi-
ton and he had no intention OF re
signing. 4a1
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

Duquoin, Ill.-The trial of the
Zeigler Coal Company, charged with
criminal negligence in operating the
Letter colliery at Zeigler, began at
Benton. The attorneys conferred on
the advisability of continuing the case
to the next term of court. The case
was continued from the last session.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Reat the Motorman.

New York-The sight Of the nuti'
lated body of 1C-year-old boy, who
had been killed by Coney Island
surface car transformed the passen-
gers into a maddened mob, which
heat into Inconsistencies the motor
man.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Elected hv Great Malolrltx

Glauchau--err Molkenbuhr, social
democrat, was elected member OF
the. reichstag in place of Ignaz Auer,
socialist who died April 10, Herr
Molkenbuhr received great majority
over his opponent.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Four Killed When Wall Falls.

New York-FQur men were instant
ly killed and three others badly in
jured and Is persons more or less
seriously hurt by the falling OF g
brick wall at the De La Mar Copper
works at Chrome, n. J.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Action Agaips; Oil Trust

Attorney.General Fletcher has a, lns.l,
,,tea ouo warranto proceedings agalas'
the alleged oil mill trust IN .l,henee Mls9s HAT
II il said the State has syiuehis ! ,h,,,v v"S oil
tends TO involve no less than thlr.y son o,.
milIs ros IN in an alleged conspiracy 70 con
trol I prices and regulate seed ouyihs'
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
oratocal Contest.

rbo Orotori1 Association of the
Central MISSISSIPPI graded schools held
,ho;r annual c,test as Winona. The
following scboo were represented IN
,,.o contest: Wbna, Lexington, West
point Greenvih, Water Valley, Du-
rant and Greeniie.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
s.arr,, Ia wisnnnsin.

Green Bay, Wis.-Six inches OF
snow fell here and the storm Is still
in progress. Traffic of all kinds is
badly delayed Several coal boats on
their way here sre likely to expe.
rience difficulty In making port.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04
Another Victim Of Terrorlsts.

Odessa, Russia.-The chief of the
political prison here was killed by
four terrorists, whose Indignation he
had provoked by alleged atrocities
upon prisoners. One of the terrorists
committed suicide,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1907-05-04

To watch tleorn grow or the dos
sons set. toraw hard breath over
n,ow.share or,ade; to read, to think.
to love, to F-these are tne Illih9
that make mIhappy.-John Ruskin.