The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1907-01-30

of the teaching power conferred on him
by the Almighty. and under the divine
guarantee against any possible error
in the exercise of it. issued a bull ex-
horting the inquisitors of heresv and
witchcraft to use greater diligence
against the human agents of the Prince
of Darkness and especially against
those who have the power to produce
bad weather, the result being that per-
secution received a fearful impulse.
In 1445, Pope Eugene returned again
to the charge and again issued instruc-
tions and commands infallibly commit
ting the Church to the doctrine. But
the worst came forty years later, when,
in 1854, there came the yet more terri
BILE bull of Pope Innocent VIII. known
as SUMMIS DISTURBANCES, which
let inquisitors loose upon Germany with
Spranger at their head, armed with
the WITCH HAMMER, the fearful
manual MALLEUS MALEFICARUM.
to torture and destroy men, women
and children by tens of thousands for
sorcery and magic. Similar bulls were
issued in 1904 by julius III. and in 1873
by Adrian VI.
MEDICINE.
In the beginning of the thirteenth
century, the Lateran Council forbade
under pain of exclusion
from the church, to undertake medical
treatment without calling in ecclesias-
teal advice. This view was long cher
ished in the church, and nearly two
hundred and fifty years later Pope
Plus revived it by renewing the COM
mand of Pope Innocent and enforcing
1T with penalties. Not only did Pope
Plus order that all physicians before
administering treatment should call I'm
IA physician of the SOUL" on the
as he declares, that bodily
lnfirmity frequently arises from SIM"
but he ordered that, If at the end of
three days the patient had not made
confession to a priest, he medical man
should cease his treatment, under pain
Of being deprived of his right to prac-
Use, and of expulsion from the faculty
f he were a professor. and that every
physician and professor of medicine
should make oath that he was strictly
fulfilling these conditions.
Out of this feeling had grown up an
,ther practise, which made the deveI-
'pment of medicine still more difficult
the CHASING of scientific men gener-
lily with sorcerers and magic mon
gers; from this largely rose the charge
If atheism against physicians which
'ipened into a proverb "UBI STUNT
TRES MEDICI IBI STUNT DUO
ATHEI''
NATURAL SCIENCE.
In 1853, Pope Alexander Ill, in con-
lection with the Council of Tours, for
,ade the study of physics to all eccle-
'iastics, which,, of course, in that age
nent prohibition of all such scientific
studies to the only persons likely to
make them. What the Pope then ex
'ressly forbade was, in the words of
he papal bull, 1.-The study of physics
n the laws of the world" and it was
Ldded What any person violating this
uie shall be avoided by all and ex-
The list of great ,men in these CEN
uries charged with magic, as given
~ Naude is astounding; 1t includes
very man Of real mark and in the
midst Of them Sylvester H.. and the
oremost of medieval thinkers on nat
lral science, Albert the Great.
1t came to be the accepted idea, that
tudy the works of God, his first step
must be league with the devil.
USURY.
In the thirteenth century Pope Greg
Try TX. deal an especially severe blow
It commerce by his declaration that
ven to advance on interest the money
lecessary in maritime trade was dam
liable usury; this was fifty followed by
gregory X. who forbade Christian bur-
al to those guilty of this practise; the
,ouncl of Lyons meted out the same
'enalty. In the 14th century the Coun-
ii of Vienne, presided over by Pope
Element ", declared that IL any one
shall pertinaciously presume that the
aking of interest for money is not
in, we decree him to be a hereto fit
or punishment" this infallible utter
nee bound the dogma with additional
orce on the conscience of the Unlver-
al Church. By the middle of the Sth
entury, however, the Church authori-
les at Rome clearly saw the necessity
f concessions; the world would endure
theological restriction no longer; a way
Z escape must be found. Fortunately
or the world, the seat of st. Peter was
hen occupied by Benedict XIV, GER
ainly one Of the most gifted morally
nd intellectually of Roman pontiffs.
-olerant ana Srnypa thetlc Tor the OPP
ressed, he saw the necessity of TAX
ng up the question, and he grappled
With it effectually; he rendered TO
a service like that which
alvin had rendered to Professionalism,
" shrewdly cutting away through the
theological barrier. In 1745 he issued
is encyclicaI VIx PREVENT, which
declared that the doctrine Of the
,hurch remained consistent of itself;
hat usury is indeed a sin, and that IL
onsists i'm DEMANDING ANY
MOUNT BEYOND THE EXACT
MOUNT LENT, but that there are
ccasions when on special grounds the
ander may obtain such additional
UNI. What these occasions and spe-
ial grounds might be, was left very
ague; but this action was sufficient.
It the same time no restrictions upon
ooks advocating the taking of interest
or money were imposed. and, in the
ear following his encyclical, Benedict
Continued on Page Three.)