Clarke courier. [volume] (Berryville, Va.) 1869-1997, 1907-01-16

France-The Trfeofor OF Holland
~. AuEustiae. the Missionary. In
orodueed FLAGS IRto ENGLAND.
The first western sovereign to adont
Dag was Clovis. king OF the Franks.
After his conversion to Christianity In
me nfth century he took the "chape do
ST Martin" as his standard. Tits.
according to some writers. was actu-
ally part OF the cloak which the saintIv
bishop OF Tours cut In two I'm order to
share IL with n beggar at AmIens. More
credible authorities. however. assert
mat IL was the blue dag Of st. Mar
tins abbey.
After Clovis, the Merovingian kings
seem TO have returned to the ancient
emblems. They were content to fight
under eagles. flowers. crosses or the
images of-saints until the time OF Char
lemagne. who, II an old mosaic in the
Church OF st. John Lateran at Rome
Is to be believed. reintrodueed the blue
dag embeilished with six red roses.
The color OF the French dag was
changed in 1924, when Louis the Fat
carried the red orifIamb OF st. Denis
I'D his struggles against the German
emperor Henry v. This continued IA
be the official French nag c1wn to the
battle OF Agincourt m lI.J. IN the
meantime the blue nag lnll again Aade
It's appearance. now &c o. icI with the
neur'de-lis instead OF the roses of
Charlemagne. I'm this form IT was car.
ried ut Acre and Grey aud PoltIers.
until in the fifteenth century IL be-
came the banner OF France.
The first white flag IN French histo.
~ was the banner OF the Virgin Mary,
borne by Joan OF Are IN her heroic
campaigns for the def,.nSe or The dan.
phin. pure visit. sax was OCCASION
ally used by Frau T. "a his struggles
against the Eml-ror harlcs Y. but
il did not become the permanent ROYAL
banner until Henry ". the first Bour'-
bon. assembled the throne in 15S9
The tricoior Of the French revolution
was rl.EpromiSe. Tie cockades OF
the rcvo'utionists were composed OF
two coi0rS. Tie red OF the Paris com.
mune and the blue OF the ancient mon.
arcliy. la the troubled times lust pre.
ceding the deposition and execution of
Louis XVI. Lafayette. to signify the
desire Of the people FOR a reconcilia.
ton with their king. added the Bour.
bon white To the cockade. The tricolor
as a national emblem was adopted by
the convention In 1874.
Long before this. however the fri.
color had been the national flag OF
Holland. The Dutch were in fact the
first 10 use it. When the United Prov.
inces gained their independence from
Spain i'm the sixteenth century. accord.
ing TO favorite old story which can
not be authenticated. they invited Hen.
~ OF Navarro 10 choose their colors.
and he suggested orange. blue and
white. Whether he selected this com.
bination or not. such were the colors
OF Holland until some time i'm the sev.
enteenth century. when the orange was
replaced by red. When William OF
Orange became king OF England in
169S he crossed the channel under the
red. white and blue.
The carly inhabitants O. England.
like those OF other countries. used EN-.
blematic devices OF one kind or an
other. that OF the Saxons being a white
horse. The Introduction OF flags into
England is ascribed TO the missionary
ST. Augustine and his followers. who
after the conversion OF King Ethelbert
according TO the Venerable Bede. en-
tered Canterbury in procession. chant
Ing and bearing small banners.
Since the fourteenth century the cross
OF st. George has been the emblem of
the British nation Before that time II
was worn on the armor by the cru
saders, among whom IL came TO be
known as the Jack" During the
bloody civil wars of the fifteenth cen.
fury il was practically superseded by
the roses, white and red. and i'm lGOe
by proclamation OF James |. IL was
finally replaced by n red dag with the
jack in the upper inside corner. The
red standard OF Great Britain did not
attain Its present form, however. until
after the union with ireland in 1901
BY parliamentary enactment in 1901
the present union jack was brought
into being 10y the addition of the cross
of St Patrick.
Waving flags are said To have been
urst brought TO Spain by the SaracenS.
The present Spanish colors. red and
yellow. came from the old shields OF
CASTLE and Aragon.
The Austrian black and yellow were
the cOlors OF the Holy Roman Empire.
They were adopted. 50 the story goes.
by Frederick BarharoSsa. whose fancy
was captured az ceremony in Malnz
by the black and gold tlooring of the
hall
The crescent was originally the spe-
cial mark of Constantinople. where for
centuries II WAS used rs Il Christian
symbol. The il was that the Turks
first found 10 when they captured the
city in l453. Even today it may be
found side -i1y side with the cross on
the churches in Moscow and other
Russian cities. where it is used to indi-
cate the RyZn"tine origin OF the Rus
SIAN faith--New York Tribune.
The Audience Wore Than the Orator
John Bright WAS Oncp asked bow it
was that Pitt p,oTa ono Of his t,,.a4