The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1907-11-06

Calcutta. India, and Kingston, ia
maica, have ratio of AZ to 10000,
and Havana, Cuba, has 1,465 police
men to 100000 population the enor-
nous ratio Of 66.5 to 10000 popula-
ton.
While in all the large centers of
population there has now been es-
tablished local police force, it is
far from being the universal rule that
this force is entirely under the con-
troll of the municipal authorities. In
this field, perhaps, more than any
other that possesses a local charac-
ter, the higher governmental authori-
ties have asserted their power to in
spect, to supervise and even to assume
completely the direct management.
The countries where local action in
police matters is at a minimum are,
first, those countries where there are
no organized local governments, such
as Turkey. Persia and China. With
these countries must be classed GER
tain regions under English control, as
British India, Egypt and smaller de-
tendencies. For Ireland the entire
police administration is performed by
the Royal Irish constabulary, which is
a quasi-military force, well drilled.
occupying barracks in the various
towns, and under the imm ediate con-
troll of the executive government at
Dublin.
More general than the completely
of a state force and a local police. The
state force Is in most cases modelled
after the French gendarmerie. This is
a branch of the regular army, enlisted,
organized and controlled by the mill
tary department. The gendarmeS act
as a sort of mounted police; they con-
duct prisoners from jails to law courts,
stand by them in criminal docks, at
tend theaters and places of public
amusement and line the streets to
keep order during a pageant. Similar
centrally controlled ORGANIZATIONS exist
in Belgium. Netherlands, Austria,
Italy, Portugal Spain. Mexico and
most of the South American countries.
In our own country the militia is I'M
der state control. ready to suppress
disorders too great for the local police
In addition to these instances of a
general system of state police, 1t is
frequently the case in countries where
the municipal authorities as a rule
maintain a police force that the local
police of the larger municipalities is
directly under the control of the cell
trail government. This is the case IN
all the important European capitals
London. Paris. Berlin and Vienna. In
Prussia there are twenty-one cities
where the state government maintains
and supports the local police. includ-
ing all of the cities with over 10000
inhabitants. six of the eighteen cities
with from $4,000 to 10000 population
and seven smaller towns.
some important cities and few
smaller towns in which the police
force is under the management of a
board appointed by the state govern
ment. This is now the case in st.
Louis, Boston, Baltimore, Cincinnati,
San Francisco, Denver, Fall River,
Mass; ST. Joseph, Mo-; Birmingham,
Ala; Terre Haute. Ind. and Manches-
ter, N. H.
Even where the central government
doaS NOT assume the direct manage
ment of the local police it frequently
exercises a control over the municipal
authorities, which. perhaps. is farthest
carried in France. where the mayors
of the different communes appoint To-
cal police officers, but only as agents
of the state government. This Is true
for III Prussian cities as well.-Phila-
deIphia Record.