davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
From the WASHINGTON Herald.


Richmond. Va, March 3.-According
TO the laws Of Virginia any person
having Negro blood in his veins. yet
possessed of less than one-fourth of If.
is recognized under the statutes as a
white man or woman. The people
generally hold that one drop of Negro
blood makes a Negro, and the solution
of the problem bids fair to become an
issue in this State in the near future
The Virginia legislative body will as
scmble in this city next year, and
there seems scarcely any doubt but
that the existing situation will be
brought to the attention of the mem
bers.
Recent objections raised by Mrs. w.
J. DOss. of Hurts, Pittsylvania county,
against children infused with Negro
blood being permitted to enter white
schools. which complaints were made
by letter to Gov Claude A. Swanson,
started the comments among the peo-
pie of the State, as well as inquiry
into the existing laws concerning mis-
cegenation and the intermarriage of
whites and blacks in Virginia. The
matter has been referred to the super
intendent Of school for Pittsylvania
county
If the alleged one-seventh of Negro
blood in these children is established,
it will not prevent their attendance
upon the school under the law. The
law fixes the limit at one-fourth or
more of Negro blood before the child
can be called or classed as a Negro.
Enacted by "carpet-Baggers."
Few people Of the present genera
ton are aware that such law exists.
1t was enacted by a "carpet-bagger"
legislature in 1866, and is not the rep
resentative voice of the people of the
present day. One section of the old
law reads:
"a woman whose father was white,
and whose mothers father was white.
and whose great-grandfather was of
brown complexion, is not a Negro In
the sense of this statute"
With reference further in the mat
Ter the following appears: "a mar
rage between a white man and wo-
man who is Of less than one-fourth
Negro blood, even though it be only
one drop less, is legal. A woman whose
father was white, and whose mothers
father was white, and whose great
grandfather was of brown complexion,
is not a Negro in the sense Of this
statute"
The "carpet-bagger" legislation may
conflict with the existing ''jim-crow
legislation. In fact, it has already
caused a rupture, the complainant
claiming by his mother to be a Negro,
was proven by the old law to be a
white man, and lost in the litigation.
The case was tried in the circuit court
of the late Judge Beverly A. Han
cock.
The complainant was an octoroon.
While travelling by rail he seated him.
SCI IN a .jim-crow" compartment from
which he was ordered by the condue-
tor to move into the white coach. The
man demurred, saying he was Negro
The trainman insisted, saying that he
(the passenger must either leave the
coach or be put on the train. The man
was fnaIly elected at station. where
upon he brought suit against the rail-
road. He lost his suit ON the ground
that not having onefourth Negro
blood n his veins, he was. in the eyes
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
URGES UPRISING OF BLACKS.
Negro Bishop Attacks Roosevelt ana
Urues Resort to War.

UrQeS hGSOTI 10 "oi'
President Roosevelt was character
lied as 1.-The coward in the Whl'e
house" and then. while a large gath
cring of Negro men and women ap-
nIauded the sentiment. Negro bisnoD
advocated an armed uprising OF the
blacks in the United States. Bishop
Alexander Walters of the Afro-Ameri-
can council was the speaker. the
Mace was the African Methodist EMS
cop,I church at Thirtv-eighth and
Dearborn streets and the time was
last night.
Never in the city of Chicago has an
armed uprising been so publicly advo-
Ca;ed hv = sneaker of such prominence
among his people and never has the
advocacy been so enthusiastically re-
ce!ved by the auditors.
War as a Last Resort.
Only as a last recourse. howeve:.
would the bishop resort to war. Eda-
cation. the seeking after wealth, NOR
al training for the young ard strong
RELIGIOUS faith were first TO he relied
upon, he said.
Bishop Walters devoted an hour and
one-half setting forth the doctrines OF
the Afro-American council and his
personal views on such matters as
the recent Brownsville raid and the
spirit Of race prejudice. His strong
est utterances were directed against
President Roosevelt, charging the lat
ter with underhand and treacherous
acts against the black race.
He touched upon the case in a re-
cent Chicago election in which he al
legged that Mr.. Barnett. the Negro can
didate for the judgeship, had been
rightfully elected and then counted
cut and followed this with references
to a number Of incidents in public af-
fairs and social customs in which he
claimed discrimination is shown by
the white citizens against the Negro
people. He said steps should be TAX
en- by the blacks to guard against dis
enfranchisement.
President Roosevelt AssaiIed.
After assailing the president. Sena-
tor Tillman, Thomas Nelson Page and
other prominent men for their unfav-
cradle attitude toward Negroes and
for articles in magazines the prelate
ended his discourse by declaring that
the council he represents is now in
possession of conclusive proof that the
Brownsville affair was the work of
white men and that the black soldiers
affected were innocent victims of =
plot. He said further that the coun-
Gil is now almost sure of being able
to produce the names of the white
men who committed the outrage.
The bishop was preceded in his
lecture by a spirited introduction
from Rev. A. ]. Carey, in which the
latter made the reference to Presi-
dent Roosevelt as "the coward in the
white house."-The Chicago Chronicle
Friday March 8.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

Cowen's Rose Maiden" was fairly
veil rendered by the Choral Study
Club" Monday evening at the Institu-
tiOnal church. Directed by Pedro T.
Tlnsl2y. and admirably assisted by a
picked orchestra.
Nine. Patti Dean Brown, soprano.
Oreina ]. Howard. cOntralto; Messrs.
J. Gray Lucas and Franz d. Warinc.
tenor and baritone, respectively, show
ed excellent voice training in their
Solo work. Mines. Brown and How.
are deserve especial mention because
of the good control they had of their
sweet voices. The chorus plainly
showed a lack of sufficient practice.
but the large audience was apprecia-
tive because of the great efforts on
the part of the club to raise the stand
ard Of music for the music-lovers OF
this community. We have no doubt
but that the same audience would as
semble again the hear the Rose Mai
den," by the Choral Study Club, pro-
viding the directors would assure
them that the club had been thorough
" rehearsed by their able and earnest
director-'T."
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
Entered Vt the Post Office al Chicago
Il as Sceond-elas Matter.
PERSONAL MENTION.

Walter NJ. Farmer, for 16 years an
honored member of the bar in St.
Louis, Mo-, is now engaged in the
general practice of law. Suite 7OS,
III Washington street. Phone Main
415s. Residence 1856 Langley avenue.
Phone Drexel 6302.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

Mr.. John Auter. of Evanston, left
for the east the first of the week. IL
is runored he will return with
charming bride about the latter part
Ct this month.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

TIC Old Oak Inn. corner Dist and
Eea~bCn streets. which is conducted
ny ". r. Carson. is doing = thriving
EEsiGoss and shortly h. will COM
mcncc tie construction OF roof-gaI-
Gca. and when finished il will b, ran
IN fi-st-class style.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
A Good HON. for Children.

WaEted children, either White OF
Colored to board and room. they will
receive the care of a good mother !;
charges reasonable. Mrs. L Coleman,
1880 Armour Ave. I'D at
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

John II. Mack Democratic candidate
fc, Aide man in tie Sth ward. should
he elected II the City Council, for he
+. a successful business man. and en-
gaged in the printing business at III
Sherman st.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
London Theater Cleaners.

The housemaids, or. in theatrical Ian
guage, the cleaners of a theater, IL an
average were taken OF London the
aters, would number a dozen. Every
day the whole Of the auditorium has
to be swept and busted. and the &C
tors dressing rooms cleaned and made
ready for their occupation at night.
The work is under the superintend-
ence Of a housekeeper, who gets a sal
airy Of at least IS week. while each
cleaner gets about FL. There are many
ladies' maids to each theater who are
known as dressers. To each dressing
room there is at least one. and the pay
Is the same throughout the whole COM
pany-2 shillings for each perform
ance, exclusive OF the tips.-London
Leader.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
MORE TROUBLE FOR THE SOUTH
When is a Negro Not a Negro is Now
the Absorbing Question in Old
Virginia.

Negro Sues Railroad as a Negro ana
is Declared by the Courts to be
White Man and Loses His Case
Negroes to 60 to the White Schools
and Marry With White Persons
Hard Matter to Draw the Line-May
Give Some Trouble in Jim Crow
Cars.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
FARMERS HAIR TONIC
AND CREAM.

When all else fails try Farm
er's hair tonic and cream. On
sale at The Peoples Pharmacies
2oth and Armour Ave-. and 27th
and Dearborn Streets, also at
4S32 and 1880 Langley Ave.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
Oxen a Raeers.

Attempts are being made in France
to train oxen for saddle riding, and
several races have been organized to
test their capacity. They have been
trained not only as racers on the fat,
but also as successful jumpers. The
bride and saddle used are almost sim
liar in general design to those for
hunters.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Buckner. has re-
;nrned TO the city for little rest al
ter a very busy and successful tour
through the western states, with their
jTbilce singers.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

John Q. Grant 1892 Wabash ave.
one of the oldest citizens in Chicago
is confined to his home with severe
attack of paralysis.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

Prof. w. Kemper Harreld. who
puts in much of his time in hang
ing around the Frederick Doug
lass Center. is still holding on to
the FIVE dollars which should be
coming our wav.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

Mrs. Grace HUNTER, 5000 Armour av-
enue, gave a birthday party Thurs
dav evening in honor OF her many
friends.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

Alderman John Burns, has again
been selected to make the race for the
City Council in the goth ward. and he
looks like a winnerl
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

Some Negroes are born fortunate
some achieve fortune and some make
use of "the ballot to show the politi-
clans where they stand.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
L. w. Washington, General Agent for
The Broad Az In the Hyde
Park DIsfrIct.

From on and after this date until
further notice to the contrary. L. w.
Washington. 56I3 Jefferson avenue.
will act as the general agent for Tie
Broad AK. and news items and adver-
tisements left with him not later than
Wednesday evening or early Thursday
morning prior to the day of publication.
viii find their way into its columns.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09

What grew my hair where II was
not and covered M a bad bald spot.
Farmers Hair Tonic and Cream.
The broad ax., 1907-03-09
CB FPS.

Robert A. Williams, S544 Dearborn
St. is confined to his home with a
slight spell of sickness.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19

Frank l.. lass who is cnac,ling The
ConE High School eleven of Augusta
this fan graduated from E"Wdoin last
Jun" where he Was 4 member Of the
football SQUAD for the fnus- Years Of his
course. Winning his b az quarterback
during his Junior ana senior years. Mr..
Bass was prominent in track athetics
as VIII a; III football during his course
ana Won points in the Maine inter
collegiate field days in both the hurdles
ana the broad jump. At last springs
meet lit Watervii!r he won second place
in The latter event. MIR. Bass is a
EdnGnr boy ana plans /" enter bus
nc-,; in his home CITY.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19
new YORK CHAT.
The Secret Shadows Of
} Great Men.
Gold Discovered on Mammal
tan Island.
perisous Feat of a Famous
Periious Feat of a Famous
SteepIe Jack.

New York, Oct. 1S.-Iha worry latest
stNi: in New York is to have shallow
and there is scarcely y man OF promi
ncncc in the city. especially in tie great
financial district. who is without one.
While they are worn at all times, these
shadows are not those east by the sun
tut real detectives disguised in second
hand frork coats and false whiskcrs
Never before has there been such 4
rage fol !iaving people Swallowed and
With exposures in hiSh finance and poi
iti,:s coming daily. the person who has
Hni 4 shadow On mis- trail does not
amount to much. Stu%vesant Fish as
srr:S ti,at lie has been followed fer
more than Il Year and strangely enough
l.. H. Hartman HIS noc the rat;Irai
;'lnNul:r" uf oln shadow hur five.
While The puhlis. al! TWO ;.,I two and
fnIka>: shit,Nd %Ea:-.t- each Of these
r2ntl, men rrltAr /" NAN whom he sjis-
poets If having hi'n sIilsloNrd. Comp
t:rii,.r Metz v ;;p recently refuses! TO
shake hands WIKI {u'i,'e Commissioners
H.nv1a Il INSERTS tii:,. NJ Wa; eilnd"Nrl
a.r;..-., the nrtan AMI back again !'y TIN
: II .'"r'S @lcjIths. wall "FinGX' tonn"r
t-!i,;.:i:s..n Of thr it"M"rr;:tiu STATE Com
,uittr". 49,. r;s that t.lr sllld"Ni"g en-
is eric ~, ri>, u,;.h political ":,.'unent>
i,;,vr .i::tlr Themselves extremely OBJ
NoviOi.. Il i. Hi:;r reported ti;:; aYur
:. ,t'l-i::.n L., watched hv The snadrW ;
~ E{r":"-' AMI WA. Gti.,t fairly
81 ;.ri.,~ s.,l,, tii' ... 'rii"rt Is i" rras'n
! l. ~ .tnt. SHADOW. should l.c without 4
lY... T.:. i-t'nnor of p'NHt" detective
j. r..4.,.. in tn ~ i:l* NOR than
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19

coach Ross McClave Of the Bowdoin
eleven is undoubtedly the Quictcst and
mildest-mannercd man who ever
figured IS football coach at any
college lie makes no loud talk upon
the field but whom ne has anything to
SAY to q player individually, he calls
him aside ana says it 20 him alone.
He never allows the excitement OF
football t. make him forget that he is
q gentleman ana ii is in this spirit that
h" coaches and develops the team.
.ia has the absolute confidence Of all
the players under him and although
Bowdnin'5 exceptionally rigid scholar
ship requirements have very materially
cut down the number of available
candidates. many Of the Bowdoin men
feel sure that he will succeed in turn
ing out championship eleven at
Brunswick as he did when he had
charge of the team there two years
ago.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19

\ week from today kentS Hill and
Portland will play their annual game
in Portland. Last year the game re-
suited in y tie but tho kcnts Hill boys
declare they are going to have a vic
tory this year. Portland is a little
di~hcartened sine" being buried so
deeply a week ago by its old rival.
Maiden High, but its courage is good
to win its games with Bangor. These
Bangor Portland games are the real
objective point Of tn" season with both
teams and last year il will be remen'
bored that they played three games, all
Of which ended in 4 tie, o to 0.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19

" II" oftrur$t bitten lnnn j.; .nr world
II; t!Ii. TIN. claimed for Isaiah Lees. oil
ci:i dog catcher of YnniIcrS WHO is hY-
iA,; from iy.lrophGEil. There may b.
trln!s who have felt the IN, ~s!!re of
clniH" teeth nftoncr :h;tn Lees. but Il
=, III = arc unknown to came md tlli>;
dos riti, ii"r'+' record of haNin" lCcn lit
t.! ~ ~ logs is likely - s,'tnd fny'
some time. The two hundred and six
t%~sr' o. i lit" proved fatal. however.
.aud hyHrurnobia overlook the most bit
t'l nam III the world Besides ncih'r
III, NOT bitten. Lees has iccn "hcWti
Tx !. GltIrsr variety Of dogs thdn amy
on" l"f,.rt. him. no less tiIan h.tN-"n''
Gih'Grrut varieties ranging from Tho
n-:,.stiT tn the toy SPANIEL having lac""-
at"a E!m NOR, OF less seriously II Vari-
on- ti,n..r i'm tn" last the" ara 4" haii
=. an. 'Irin. which period Ii" Vas -
ten n:f t!l" aVrrag" Of nearly "r''' ::
W -, several times already Il" nv
'""n .uid TIP with SNlnitcnaS of hNdr'.
huiir nHi recovered every tilii". ant.
u:jil IL" number %? which resulted ~
l.s Grrth he was believed 10 10 i'm
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19

Two Freshmen who are prominent in
the football squad at Bates and in
other branches Of athletics there as
well, are the Clason boys of Gardiner,
Freeman and Charles. They are the
sons Of Hon. o. b. Ciason. q graduate
ana trustee of the college who is most
loyal to all Bates interests, especially
in athletic matters. and who has un.
douotcdly had hand in getting more
good athletes to go to that institution
than any other half dozen alumni COM
bincd.
HcW.i' ms game today is with the
New hampshire state College team on
the Whittier Geld at brunswick A
fc~ years ago the New Hampshire
team vas considered easy by the Maine
colleges and was scheduled as one of
their early practice games. Now. how
ever. it has Il stronger eleven and Colby
could 4, no more than play it 4 tie
game. % t. 0. two weeks ago. Bates
Will llHv tie New Hampshire boys at
DrnIHi'i = week from today. Last
week Dartmouth boat them Ey the
small score rf ~ to- Just what Cow
Guin viii be able to do against them
today renal To- be seen for there
h&yn been 81 many changes in tho
ErWduin eleven HnG it has suffered So
i.lucn from loss Of players through in
iu!ics and the rigid scholarship stand
ards which are maintained for Bow
orin athletes, that nobody knows what
The team is abla t. do when it really
GETS toc thor and settles down t. bus-
ness lor its hare games.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19

Although NcW York has held IN"
n,,inon that there was not much lcf;
for it to learn in the promoting line. i
hns discovered something absolutely
nr,y this week and has been muHh m
terpetcl in tho visit here of Br. Richard
Harlan who is the son of Just!r" tiar-
Ian of the supreme Court and WI" was
formerly president Of western uHlNFr-
s:,y. Dr. Harlan is an educational pro
motor for the present at least. ANA he -
giving his time and energies - the task
Of securing the financial support nee
essar.- to make George WASHINGTON n
iyersitv. at Washington. the greatest
certrc Of graduate study in the country
In this. DIR. Harlan says. ne = oniN
c2"ryi1r out the desire EXPRESSED ny the
Father of his Country. for whom IN.
institution is named. To sec \ great ia
tional university at the federal capital
Those who are behind tn" present
movement. however. believe that bettf
results can be obtained if the inSttC-
ton IS enlarged through widespread
popular endowment than if the natlona
Government is asked to support II
CONTINUED on Page Thirtcen.)
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19
WHIT: PLAGUE,
The World Wide War
Against Consumption.
Coming Convention 10 be Held
in Philadelphia.
Japs Tried 10 Get Urinary Scienl-
ISIS Will be There.

! ~
! 49,. ~ - r. - renee
! ,l Vt iHi'i'T iiHt' ute
! tn 8 = ~.
"'s'' $3.50 WI ~
| IT ~ "'''''
| ''nH'" ''"'i.i -
! ',S .'S' .'H'H 'h Wi'i'' f'f'S"P IL
| V'''' Iii "'i" ''i'' "i'''iii ! Hi'lt tilii'
! Wal Pi'''' mum among ZIG
/ '''''''.i>'..' % ;'d-'i"'iItN
IL Is ;tS >' w a* u''Sii;sh,' declared
~ NJ .'','f III, S,"Il'''
90 :, :. ~ 49, - '''H'r' - 1T 1"ii
| &C. 'i' 10 va " '''''
,'9' - - - .''' i''icl'" "''iN ~
"'V" u'''i' IL ''' c'' ION Vi ''NV,i-
/ -",'. ''''' ''Si' I","'fN - '.' "oiit
h,i\+ ''''i" S''' ~ '.'' 'ti' g we goo"
''.i >"''' At ~ ny" i'ic'ilou9
- ,',.'', ~, ,,'i'''''7l,.' !. ..,1,,(,D''
49,, s.,,il",,
~ -
'' '''' - r''''' '''' ~ ''' w.
| '''H' ~" i'','' 'N''H '''e 'i'''' ,"ii''
mp" -, '''''''',''' ~ - - 'Nn
:.
i,,,,, ,,.aa, +,,o ra,o,,..g
, ;4:.. ,.,, -,
! I..,,;,., - r,,,.,,,o.i.
; Study and prevention az Tuberculosis,
/ hi,l met III Vienna anG tn" lnterna :
tlrnll Congress on Hygiene ana Dera
GRANNY. viii. Il assembled III Berlin
l'nl'l rcl.rt s.,s Were under state pat
! rnn,Go the iaa G"l"g"tes t" tn" formc"
i having ir"m quests ~ tn" Emperor Of
! AU*ti,, :'il ;hc 100 delegates I" he
! l''Nh %'''"' 49, '''' '''-' NV u
! 'i'' = it''.'.i i-'''i :,
/ 1t II ~" '"rn"r as+"ciat;"n' "FF"'e
exclusively I" III" study Of tnprfcul"7iS
"hiGh NIil meet III ms '''N III &c 'i''N
, .aa ,la-- q. ct::tmlcr nest YEAR. i'm
,n:liliei- ,ro, c,iirr thu. ''c.tiI,:, If e."
....,.,t v.nriT tt.,.':.nlc~is- congress /" ~
holi ~ Washington under II" au-5i'i''S
~ IT, National G""tfnnchi
"Nr l';.d i atruGsl" 7" secure 'hh'
! gathering. Ter ihiiad"l! mia, Declared
! Dr.{.r ,rli,k t''Thn .iapaneSC were Ebt
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19

The Edward Little team is much
strengthened by the reappearance OF
Eadon who returned to school this
week. He is one of the fastest half
backs on any High school team in the
state. Edward Little has had con-
siderable trouble this fall with the In
ability Of some of its best men to keep
up in the rigid scholarship require
ments which are enforced in tho4
school. The team u having tn hGGe
of coaching. however. and has made a
CONTINUED on Page Thirteen.)
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1907-10-19

Whether NJ not the discovery IF gold
not Ill IT," form Of bullion, bat \ r".t
niuc il the earth itself. in y " N".N
t. is W.sk is to turn the city into a nii.-
i,.lr t:tn!r remains to H. seen. but thcr"
:, ms to to no loubt that sold has l"rn
discovered ana right ia II" heart of
Manhattan too. When nearly 4 NtaT'
:t..j, / similar discovery was maG" iii OK
c.,y..tii.c fur tn,' frurdati ton Of q sky
scrHrcr tNcit"p1cnt vas int"ns" anti! II
lWlG discovered that the gold lid not
exist in Quantities 10 MAJ" il va;'Inh!..
T'tc present discovery. however. h"'
no. oniv revived I'LL t!r. "..l ">cit"n"n;
L1p al icd to it many fold. since if th'
cra ESSAYS Wy llurh ~ Tho S:tn'r!" a.
read, ohtaiI"l its value rs estimate !
| ~ rXpcrts you'll Ne nearly $2,.OoW q N.
The .'.t ;.Ik." WAS made within hair Il
rIlt - he CITY Iiall by a sewer con
stirl,.' ipn company which was n"hihG
pnri-..S nlonI the edge nf the East
i}t..r. For several days the drills hlVt
| l.rn Iri'ia.ilr up rtlartZ. a 1"''arh.hi"
! t.irclIr,stln." IN itself. until finally .
) {, -amnn Ia ,kinG at the material tnu'
! brought M discovered that il CortHin'"'
gold E>H,r: examination revealed th'
s;.I..ri.i.i.- tlUc of the find. III" OF" I'M
/ IA. r. y atcd lies IL" feet below IN"
| moan vn-,! 3,.:lr.l in the East River en-
| tho dos utrYg, water front. y neither
! m. ar III VA ,i"",,.l that il can be cN-
| ,ractcG I.rnftll,:r remains a matter Of
| fnnirnt;Irt-
The daily morning journal and courier., 1907-02-28
(continued on Fifth Page.)
THh sotitL QUESTION
French Scholar Holds It is Not PoIiti-
 cnl but Scientific.

French Scholar Holds It is Not Politi-
 cal but Scientific.
 Cambridge, Mass. Feb. 27-vicomte Georges d'Avenel. of France, delivered the first of his series of eight lectures on the social and economic history of France at Sanders theater this after noon, under the auspices of the Cercle Francals of Harvard university. The lecturer said in part:
 The reward of labor has neither rela- ton to the cost of life nor to the oro- gress of civilization; in a civilized country it may happen that man starves while such thing never hap pens to a horse It is not necessary that there be any relation between the property of a country, abstractly con- sidered, and the comfort of the laboring classes.
 It is also seen that corporations of former times had neither effect or influ- ence on salaries. The state has taken part to increase salaries, therefore the social question is not political one; it Is exclusively scientific.
 Cheap and dear living coincide in- distinctly with the periods of comfort and with those of misery, so that no conclusion can be reached either with regard to public prosperity or to the rise and fall of prices,