Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1907-07-21
of anthrax, tuberculosis, cholera, phoid and leprosy.
 Two Great Discoveries.

or anthrax, tubefculOSIS, cholera, ty- phoid and leprosy.
 Two Great Discoveries.
 The two great discoveries mark to- gether an epoch in history. The es- ! sential difference between them, 1 briefly stated, is that malarial germs aye protozoa, or the lowest form of animal life, while the bacteria repre- sent the lowest form of vegetable l life By close study of the processes followed by the parasites of malaria 1 it was found that their capacity to reproduce themselves was almost un- ending, but that it kept to the order ! of successive generations; and just as all the stalks of corn n d field which was soWn at one time reach maturity together. so do the members of the same generation of malaria parasites. The shell of the blood corpuscle which has held the grow ing parasite bursts when it reaches maturity, and allows it's spores to fall into the fluid of the blood, and these
 again fastem themselves on other corpuscles and begin to germinate in their turn. Millions of parasites will liberate their spores at the same time, and it will be precisely at this time that the patient will be attacked with the ague fit, followed by fever As some of the spores take seventy | two hours to reach full development, 1 the next attack of fever will not take place until the third day; as another l type develops within forty eight hours, the attacks occur every other 7 day; and those which sporulate every twenty -four hours produce the quo- tidian fever. It is possible, though perhaps not usual, for one patient l to harbor all three varieties at one and the same time.
 The Symptoms.
 I At the time that the malarial para sites scatter their spores in the blood, the patient is seized with chi l l nausea, shivering, and fever; very soon, however, the wonderful ant toxic mechanism of the body begins to assert itself, the poison is acted upon, neutralized, and in a large measure eliminated by the sweating which en- sues, and the patient is relieved. But another generation is developing meanwhile, and when it reaches ma , turity another attack is caused, and ] not until their power of reproduction is weakened, and finally overcome
 will recovery be permanent. Even , then, undue fatigue, chill or great heat may cause a relapse by favorlne the parasites and their development. The battle must be necessarily wage7 between the conflicting parties, poi son on the one hand, antitoxin on , the other. A startling discovery, made in quite recent times, is that native children in tropical countries, al- though apparently healthy, often car ry these parasites in their blood. As the children reach maturity, if they
  fore then, this early innoculation seems to procure them immunity, for very few adult natives are subject to malarial levers in the way Eu- ropeans are. While they are young, however, the disease decimates them in large numbers. The next chapter in the story of malaria had to reveal where these protozoan parasites live in external nature, and how ald ty what agency they effect their en- trance into the human body. The oll CT theories assumed that stagnant water made a home for them, and that they were inhaled in the mists and vapors which rose from the marsh, and possibly by the drinking of foul water. But experiments made in trying to develop the parsites from stagnant water failed to get the de- sired results. Mosquito Theory Revived.
 Then the mosquito theory existent, and in vogue for some centuries, was revived, and trials which were made, independently of each other, added , strength to the belief that infection came from the bites of the insect. In 1894 Maj. Ross was told by Dr. Manson (noW Sir Patrick Manson) of his own theory concerning the ability of parasites to transfer themselves from one species of animal to anoth- :, CT, and he began to make critical ex- animation for himself.
 When, after two and half years of experimenting, he was on the point of giving up in despair, he was startled On examining a new specie ef mos quito, to discover in its tissues the very bodies he was in search of. Be- fore he could obtain formal proof of his researches were interfered with