The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-11-12

OF the United States Was imam
mously elected ~ the legislature e
term. and was reelected Tor a i1tI
term 81 1850. lie was appointed
i chairman Of the senate Committee on
Military Affairs ana vas quite prom
neut in the discussion 81 ali great
questions of the hour.
soon after entering upon his flIl
term OF six .etrs IN the senate ne
resigned his seat and accepted tht
nomination for the g~oEernJrsIlp 81
his state. In the gub~eTratoTlal con
test that followed ne was defeated.
but ne greatly reduced the majority
Of the opposition party. lie was =
pointed Secretary 81 War during the
administration Of President PIERCE,
\ Great War Secretary.
He an improved system
Of infantry tactics, iron gun carriages
and rifle muskets. Dur.ng MS term
of service four regiments were aAded
to the army the defensive Works on
sea-cOast and frontier were Strength
enld, and heavy guns were cast ~
promised surveys Of the western Ter
.rtOlies with a view 70 the cohstruc-
ton Of the Pacific railroad. ana e&-
erted his great influence in favor o.
the extension Of the capitol at NFash-
#irgton. He retired from the Cabinet
at me close Of President Pierce's term
Of office and again ~re-entered the
Senate in 1851. During that service he
took a prominent part in the debates,
advocated the Southern route for the
+ Pacific RaiIrOad. and ppOSe the doe
triue of popular sovereignty 50 siren
uously advocated by stephen A. Doug
las. ON July 9, 1851. he was officially
informed Of the secession Of his state,
and promptly resigned his seat IN the
Senate.
In taking leave Of hat body he de-
Iivered q touching address in when,
+ a -nenpr other things he SAID.
L hope none who hear me Will con-
found this expressioe of mine with the
advocacy Of the right Of q State to
remain in the Union, and to disregard
its constitutional obligations by the
notification Of the law Such is not
my theory. Notification and SeceA~
sion. 90 often c~onfounded, are, indeed,
a~ntagCListic principles. NUllilcatloh
is n remedy which it is sought to ap~
ply wlthin the Union, and against the
agent OF The states. It IS only to be
Justified when the agent has vio-
lated his constitutions obligations,
and a State, assuming to judge for
itself. denies the right of the agent
thus to act. and appeals to the other
States of the Union for a decislon:
but when the State themselves, and
when the people of the states, nave
so acted as to convince us that they
will not regard our constitutional
rights, then, for the first time. arises
the doctrine of secession in its prac-
teal application.
Notification and Secession.
"A great mar who now exposes
with his fathers. and who has often
been arraigned for a want of fealty
to the Union, advocated the doctrine
II notification because it preserved
the Union. 1t was because of his
! deep-seated attachment to the Union
his determination to find some
redemdy for existing Ills short of sew
erance of the ties which bound South
Carolina to the other States-that Mr..
Calhoun advocated the doctrine of
notification, which he proclaimed to
be peaceful-to be within the limits of
state power. not TO disturb the Union,
but only to be a means of bringing
the agent before the tribunal OF the
States for their Judgment.
secession belongs to a different
class of remedies. It is to be justified
upon the basis that the States are
sovereign. Their vas a time when
none denied it. ] hope the time may
come again when a better cOmprehen-
sion Of the theory Of our government,
and the i~naIienable rights of the peO-
pie Of the states, VIII prevent any one
from denying that each State is a SOW
areign, and thus may reclaim the
grants which it has made to any agent
Wh~olnsOever
< = x =
NGl GGl1lPlll Der dfl bCtdSIOIl NlItll
Massachusetts was arraigned before
the bar Of the senate. and hen the
doctrine of coercion was rife, and to
be applied against her. because of she
rescue Of q fugitive slave IN Boston.
! NV opinion then was the same that it
IS now. Not in q spirit of egOtlSm,
but to show that ! am not Influenced
in my opinion because the case is my
own. / refer to that time and that
occasion as containing the opinion
IL = +1@- 2 nod mn on
which my present conduct is based.
I then said that if Massachusetts.
following her through a stated line
of conduct, chose to take the last step
which separates her from the Cnion
it is her right to go. and l viii neither
vote one dollar nor one man to
I coerce her back, but Will say to her,
God speed in memory of the kind as
ISOLATION which once existed between
her and the other states. = :
No Hostility Towards North.
& find in myself. perhaps, a type
of the general feeling of my const!tu-
ent5 towards you. am sure | 1eel
no hostility towards you, senators
from the North. am sure there Is
not one of you, whatever sharp dis
cussion there may have been TIVE
US. to whom [ cannot say in the pres
ence Of my God, I wish you Wen,
and such, l am sure. is the feeling OF
3 IItt JCCII1 I 4 4 Ho-O
you represent. I, therefore, feel that
/ but express their desire when l say
/ hope. and they hope, for peaceful
relations with you. though we must
part. They may be mutually bene-
fetal to us in the future as they have
been in the past, if YOU 50 Will.
THE reverse may bring disaster on
every portion of the country: and if
YOU Will have it thus, we Will invoke
the God Of our fathers. VINO delivered
( us from the power OF the hon, to pre-
tect us from III. r2Vages OF the bear.
and thus. putting our trust in God
and in our firm hearts and strong
arms. We viii vindicate the right as
best we can"
soon after his retirement from the
Senate ne was appointed by the con-
vention of Mississippi commemorative
chief of the army of that State. with
the rank OF infringement on Feb
ruary 8. 1861, he was elected President
OF the provisional government # the
Confederate states, at Montgomery,
Ala. and was -inaugurated as such on
the 18th day of that month.
In his message TO Congress. shortly