The Hawaiian gazette., 1907-06-25


waiehu Valley, making the average
length of all the tunnels approximate
ly $50 feet.
The dimensions of the tunnels are as
follows:
Bottom width ........... SIS feet
Center height ........... 6.5 feet
Side height ............. 40 feet
with width of 6.5 feet at the spring
of the arch, making cross section
similar in outline to horse shoe
All of the tunnels are cut to a true
line and uniform grade of .25 per sta
tion of 100 feet or 1920 feet per mile,
excepting tunnel so which If of a
smaller cross section and has a grade
of 3 feet per 100 feet and is cement
lined and arched with concrete. About
40 per cent of the tunels are lined with
concrete and cement plaster to pre-
vent loss of water by seepage and cav
ing in where the rock is soft and por-
ous.
The cutting of tunnels was all done
by Japanese labor, the contract prices
ranging from So cents to S. per foot,
according to the material cut. the loca-
tion and the length of the tunnel.
Eighteen months were required in cut
ting tunnel no. 2-24i5 feet in length.
pressed air and percussion drills were
used in tunnels l, 2, and to furnish
power and incidentally, air.
The formation in the long tunnels
was principally of lava rock of alter
nate strata of aa and pahoehoe, with a
slight dip to the sea.
The fumes, 80 in number, vary in
size according to grades and capacity
required--3X4, 4Xi, Axe and 4X7 feet.
The waterways are constructed OF red
wood lumber with trestle and fioor sys-
TEN of northwest lumber.
The open ditch varies in cross Sec
tion and grades to comply with the
conditions of soil and capacity, being
designed to carry the maximum capa-
city without cement lining. Approx
mately 20 per cent of the open ditch
has been cement lined on bottom and
sides.
The steel pipeline crossing the ia
nous lao Valley is 1858 feet in length
and three feet inside diameter. convey
ing the water under the bed of the lao
stream and delivering It into cement
basin thirteen feet in diameter, thence
through tunnel No. 17-439 feet in
length-to permanent weir where tha
total flow OF the canal can be accu-
rately measured at all times.
The capacity OF the conduit Is $1,000
900 gallons In "a hours, or 69.si cubic
feet per second. after making liberal
allowance for seepage and evaporation,
Construction on the canal was COM
menced In March, 1905. and completed
In June. 1907 The construction OF the
canal was the result OF an exchange OF
land ana water rights on the part OF
the Wailuku sugar 20, and the Hawai-
ian Commercial & sugar co. IN settle
mrnt ~ their respective rights 20 the
waters ~ the lao Valley. which had
been In litigation for years past,
The waters ~ the Waihes stream
(after providing for the v oihee kule-
anasl, those developed, ana the now
waihee canal 10 where water is de-
liYerad 10 the n, q. a >. 60, are owned
by The Mailuku sugar 60, and The
Hawaiian Commercial a sugar coA
l-l2 ami b,ig respectively the cost ef
tho construction ~ that portion ~ the
oanai Was paid far IA tbs same pros
portion The Walluku sugar GO, acv
guiffi M lhe ekphanRr lafap afea or
lani ~ esifemrlY fflllle soil rnahlina
them % rsisna lher planlailnn ahd
double ihfir HrfH ~ oauf iani The
eanHirlfiinn ~ ms nrn rHnal Ana rsf
irenllnusi on rsfs seven