New-York tribune., 1907-12-27

not merely free tuition but free support.
Those seeking the old Universities, and many
of those seeking scientific courses at the new
ones, still resort, If they can either 10 schoois
conducted for private profit, or TO the punIic
schools so called, i. e.. endowed schoois lIA0
Harrow Rugby Westminster, st. Pauls, NAN
chester Grammar School and thirty or thHIy
five Many of these are ancient 1ouhoa,
tions, and they have borne vital reiatoh ~
some of the proudest pages of English HlSlorS-
At least two of them, winchester anu @ E'o-'
We're well endowed for the time ana IN succs s.so
full operation before the discovery or America
A much larger number were estabiisned peIole
the Colonies at jamestown and plymouth We, 80
and most of the more noted ones oefore puI
Declaration Of Independence Ihese scIuois mJ
belong therefore TO cur history too tlles ;
recall to as we'll as to Engshnaei III ;1-a 80
generations of eminent men. They make alive
again the proud records above the saCleo ota w.
of nlyriads of the great departed al oF0i iat
land from stately cathedrals to the qules
churchyard of the renlotest hamlet rms saCIeu ,:
dust it was that gave the inspiration 10 ~ 80
Wendell Holiness eulogy OF Ensiano; I'll dau ont
illustrious dead, and justified his ViVlo o"'
burst:
one-half her soil has walked the rest
In poets, heroes. martyrs saSes-
These public schools are in general spleIoIugs
healthy and useful yet; within thelI aelC - CO
tionaI work of the world But their DeIu u!lei NJ
recent years, has been almost exclusively t,,o
Humanities; and their aim, senior ~
sbirs and double frsts in the universities, tle
front bench in the House OF commons, aI.u ~
sponsble places all around the Wotiu .hi Ia roost
administration of the Empire OF IN III INC, "a +be
esteemed services, the Army, the Navy anu - tI.0
Church Till 1851 mathematics was not con- COIL
pulsory at Eton. nor French tili 1o'-'
Science was scarcely noIlCeu.
co-oRDIyATING THE SCHOOLS.
An English educational writer has unfalrig larry
said that England is the country Where !i ueeJ
systems live" A student OF her euucdtioln1 l
history might be tempted to accept tha' JUS US
rnent If he looked merely the fact that IL was
Lotto
port OF Mr.. James Bryce tnow his MAZE way hSs]
Ambassador to the United States on tAe to 80
methods of establishing a well 0rga1zed sSs
of Secondary Education IN knslahd' asr.+a taan
central orga nization was created 10
all these previous divergent ana unre tba
schools which furnish the hnAS DetWeeII Det,+;aS
elementary schools below and the UhVerSlt!sSs
above as well as the technical ana sclehtiliC
schools that ought to be above. BEFORE @ IIal
date the most considerable part of the secondary
education work was under the controI Oh 1iie
Charity Commission The Science ana a. 80.
nartment had been administering lhe new
plans to meet the special demand Tor teCliiie''
instruction and had the disposition Oh i an "a
come for this purpose OF nearly ilrIo IT,, Rd-ne
Give million dolars) per annurn. Inc u EuucS
ton Department had charge Of the elementary
schools and as has been seen. mad ueFeiopeu t
from these some interesting advance iHto 'I &c
secondary field AT last in 1900 a Boafo oI
Education was created, which took over lle
secondary educational work of the Charity COM
mission, of the Science and Art Dep4i 'i4eN'
and of the Education Department -
The work thus at last co-ordinated hdu
reached great proportions. III 1857 LAlt
Commissioners reported the educational e~hdoM ~
rents in England alone available for secohdtils &
education, as producing an income OI ~
1897 900 a year say three and NAN nilllloH - ~
IereNnot IN reckon at all the value OF their
buildings and sites. In 1897 the EducatIoIl M - -
partrnent made census OF EngIlsn gE,l,t - he
schools It's returns thought 10 DS
yjtiated by including many not really ehtiLeo
TO rank as secondary schools; Dut IL IePoi .ou
s2O9 Of them. with pupils numbering The Tb
in the thousand of the whole population. Lne
Science and Art Department received the Gus
toms and excise money tpopuiarIy ug IaaIs Mis
money!, and from this fund technlcdl sGioE I
were given nearly 1854 900 in 1900 Whlle th9
sum raised for the purpose by rates llocSi
taxes) amounted to tlooooo more; say aII.~s ~
over four and three-quarter million hoIIaiS
Under the latest legislation TINS goes 10 ttD
County Councils, and the Councils OF CouAss
boroughs and OF urban districts. II must oe
spent on secondary education Ihey nave dG
tbority to raise more by local rates. out this III
the case of Counties must not eAceeu '"O-
pence rate. ,,, ..x,~,rr
AT present the regulations forbid teaching
more than thirty-five scholars together at ole
time They permit fees that may be approved
b, tho Foard but require that one-fourth or
the school places be open without ices 10 pupiI'
from elementary schools VINO pass d , stl'io %
factory entrance examination 1he huihpeI VI
such schools in England and Wales Recognized
by the Board and given state ana was oos. ;I IN
the years 1905-'O5. and tIie nu!noel VI PNA-'
As earlv as 1895 the feeling that general sec
ondarv education was in danger OF pelhg ne5
lected in the rush for scientific or techhicdi -
trade training took shape in the form OF re-
ouirement for compulsory literary ana CONNER
cial instruction. At the same time rehslouo
instruction Is not made compulsory, anu IlolI-
inc h,,t non-sectarian instruction is permltteu-
/ have not mentioned Scotch or Irish schoois-
The systems different. There Is only tiile ~
TO note that TO Scotland general poPuIhA
education began early and has been tnorouSh'
almost universal and highly successlu' WHIT
as to Ireland the religious question mas Dech
even more controlling and more embarrassing
than in England. In all three there is more
than ever before acceptance OF the iuei
tersely expressed by President Roosevelt 10
Mr. Moseley, that while education alone hldS
not make a nation II would surely be rulheu
without il. ~
ondary schools is still apt to stop at the age or
fourteen If not earlier, but the tendency be-
gins to be toward Ii longer stay. sports are
still an absorbing part of the school work. ana
interest in them is almost as necessary Tor the
teacher as scholarship. The teachers are not
so apt to show individuality and energy as
they are to be careful ana perllndclous Dlesit
attention has been paid TO the training OF teach-
ers of late years but the system or pupi
teachers" has still to exc out the supply IN
the great cities there is an enormous ana IN
teresting development of evening schools. Trade
schools are increasingly numerous and popular
In the great technical schools there is notice-
able absence of pupils who seek easy electives.
and are there chiefly for the degree 1her
work is often not very rapid but it is apt to be
thorough In all these directions the admoni-
ton of the Prince of Wales on his return from
his Eastern trip has been heard, and England
has walked up"
Tt will have been noted that in elementary
schools the prevailing tendency Of late years
has been toward sense-trainins, object lessons
and manual employment. So among secondary
schools the tendency has been toward studies
fitting for practical scientific, or manufacturing
and commercial life. Both are more demo-
cratic than the historic public schools; and
there begins to be a greater minSlins OF classes
in the more recent secondary schools. in the
scientific chronological schools, and in the newer
Universities to which they lead
UNIVERSITIES AND RHODES SCHOLARS