davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-09-29
COMER SAYS CLUBS MADE WRONG MOVE Should Make Appeal to the
 Railroads HE WILL 60 TO ST. LOUIS Spends Today In Birmingham, Leaving Tomorrow to Attend Deep Water Convention-Garber Explains
 Burr Statement.
HE WILL 60 TO ST. LOUIS

Montgomery September 2S-(Speciai)- Just before leaving for Birmingham to- day, Governor Conner said that the Com mercial clubs had made the wrong move in urging him not to call an extra session of the legislature. "They should appeal to the railroads to come in and accept the sion necessary" he said. With that he got away, leaving it very certain that there is no idea in his mind to recall his ex- pressed determination to call the session if the railroads fail to carry out the state laws
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-09-29

There will be a mass meeting of women opposed to the sale of liquor at the First Christian Church this afternoon at 3:3O o'clock. Mrs. Chatfield will address the meeting.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-09-29

Hon. seab)prn Wright will speak against whisky at the Jefferson Theatre this after noon at 3 o'clock. All men in vited.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
Speaker Reeds Retort.

The late Thomas B. Reed was a
master of all degrees of retort. Once
when Jerry Simpson made a speech
claiming that the house had by some
action violated the constitution the
speaker overruled him and was upheld
by the house. Mr.. Simpson then arose
and solemnly inquired of the chair:
Where am l att" Mr.. Reed scathing-
ly retorted: mo mortal man could
possibly divine the answer to such a
battling question"
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
UNCLAIMED LETTERS.

The following letters remain uncall-
ed for at the Hammond postofflce foI
week ending May 90, 1907:
Franciszek Brangei.
Miss Blanch Bates.
L. K. Brown.
w. P. Collins
Robert Clayton.
Lloyd Cochrane.
Grcic Dusan.
Alex Davis.
Otto FELTON,.
Miss Lillian Forbes.
MARGIN Grabowski.
James Graves.
Joseph Graves.
Malvina Hnepper.
J. J. Hull.
John Huffman.
Miss Emma Johnston.
Frank James.
Joseph Kovac.
Mrs. J. w. Kearns.
George Knapp.
Josef Lutschan.
Harry e. Lott.
Al Lyon.
Clarence Lanham.
VIII Morrisey.
Perry Munson.
Miss Julia G. McKenna.
John McGrath.
Mrs. Fancy McCham.
d S. Niman.
Dr. G. w. overall.
Jazsef Papja.
VIM. II. Payne.
Miss Sarah j. Pepper.
Louis C. Paulson.
John Pileke.
J. D. Raymond.
Bert Reese.
Norman Strouse.
Orwell Smith.
Jasper WaikeL
VIM. H. GOSTLIN,
Postmaster.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
Somewhat EnIumatlcal.

Country editors. like all others, have
to be scrupulously careful about the
accuracy of their news. We note this
lucid correction in the Sequachaa
(Tenn.) News: Il want to thank Mrs.
Carson very much for correcting the
sad mistake that was made about her
going to Utah, as the party of friends
did not understand that her son was
so far from that place, and if she does
not allow everybody their own privil-
eyes it would be a helpless thing, for
they have them just the same"
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
HAPPENINGS HAPPENINGS FIELD, TURF AND AND ARENA tsnt
OF SATURDAYS SPORT



White Sox won their game from
Boston in the eleventh hour by the
score Of to ?. Other American league
scores: St Louis. 8; New York. l.
Cleveland, 5; washington, 4. Detroit,
Is; Philadelphia, s.
Cubs defeated Boston. to l. max
ing it three straight. other National
league scores were: Brooklyn. SO;
Pittsburg, Ii. Philadelphia. 8; Gin
Princeton defeated Harvard at base
williams college defeated the Ma
rooms at Marshall field by the score Of
to ?.
Turf.
Frank Gill won the Withers stake at
Belmont Park. defeating Peter Pan.
the odds-on favorite.
Prince Ahmed won the feature event
at Louisville. while Wing Ting lower
ed track record made by Ten Brock
thirty years ago.
Martimas came TO life at Oakland
and scored at odd of 80 to l.
Athletics.
Oak Park athletes scored the most
points in the Illinois Prep at Ur-
bana, with the University High squad
a close second.
Northwestern track men swamped
the Indiana contingent by the total Of
IS points to "a.
Two changes in the football rules
have affected the use of the forward
pass.
Princeton defeated Columbia in the
dual track meet at Princeton.
ball by the score Of to 0.
cinnati, 2. New York, 6; ST. Louis, 2.
Talbot set a new underground ham
mer record in the meet on Franklin
field at Philadelphia, hurting at 2O5
feet 1O& inches.
Harvard defeated Yale in the dual
track meet by the total Of 5515 to
4S1a points.
F. H Warren. 1r., tied Chandler
Egan in class l at Exmoor with the
net score of rs.
x. L. Ames won honors of the day
at Glenview.
Kenneth Edwards and Mason Phelps
did the best work at the Midlothian
club, with SO and SO respectively.
Skat.
officials of the North American Skat
league have received SO many entries
for the June Journeys that prepara-
tions are under way for supplying ad-
ditional space in the Coliseum.
Association Football.
Shamrocks defeated the Douglas
Park eleven by the total of to 2.
Aquatics.
Wisconsin crews, to meet Syracuse
May 81, have been announced at Madi-
son.
Columbia yachtsman have decided on
a "catboat" class.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
Real Estate
Transfers
May IS, 1907.

Hobart-Lots 13 and IA. block
2. George l. Nichols addition,
John p. Shofstau to ]. Wes-
ley Jones Observation-Disclosures, 100000
Toleston-Lot IA, block 16, C. T.
L. & 1 Cos third addition, Cal
umet Land Co. to Marget
Hegby Observation-Disclosures. $4,000
ToIeston-Lot "a, block II, c. T.
L. & I. Co third addition,
Walter S. Ross to Mike Dire
venak ................... 10000
Indiana Harbor-Lot 8. rediv.
lots II to II, block So, Cath
crime NJ. Ryan to Boleslaw
KasprZenski ................. $1,000
Indiana Harbor-Lot 81. block %.
- Farotid -. .......:........ $500
East Chicago-Lot 80, block in
ne Il. 32-37-9 East Chicago
Co. to Frank KowaIski ...... 10000
Hammond-Lot 5. block 8, H. W.
Sohrs fifth addition, Charles
d. Jones to w. C. Belman 1850
Section 16-36-S w-Part Il. lot
5, Thomas w. Higgins to Mary
Drury ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 100
Section 16-36-S w.-North - of
10 acres of lot 5, William W.
Drury to Marry Drury . 100
Section 1869 w-Part s "a Sc
4. Mary V. Farovfd to Gary
& Western Ry. Co. - 100
Section 1863 w-Part u Sc
A-6.14S acres, Henry w
Palmer to Gary & Western
ny. . Z, 409.ZO
In addition to the foregoing trans
fers there have been filed for record 2
mortgages, 1 release and .miscellane-
Gus instruments.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
Whites Questio.

Little Willie's sister was being bap-
tized. Everything went well until
Willie happened to catch a glimpse of
the water in the font, when he began
peering about anxiously, and finally
exclaimed in piping voice, audible to
the whole congregation: Where's the
soap?"-Lippincott's Magazine.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
A BelIadonna Farm.

A manufacturing firm has a 15-acre
belladonna garden in operation near
New Brunswick. The farm is sue
cessful as far as the production of
pure drug is concerned, but 1t is not
yet profitable enough financially to
make many farmers abandon their
garden truck and take to cultivating
In America.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
IOWA LEAGUE.

At rlington-Burlingto 10: Wa
terloo, ?.
At observation-disclosures. s; Ke-
okuk, 0.
At Oskaloosa-Oskaloosa, 5; Quincy,
3.
At Ottumwa-Ottumwa, 6; Jackson
vile, 0.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
THREE EYES LEAGUE.

At omington-Dubuque 4; Bloom
ington, /.
At Decatur-Clinton, Z; Decatur. A.
At Peoria-Cedar Rapids, s; Peoria,
5.
At Springfield-Rock Island, 4;
Springfield, 3.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

o so-camed specialists have
come and since he located here, about 10
years after wide experiences I'm other cities
I'll
e to an s99 PsoPif In and spgt saa cn Se y
THOUSAND TREATED
mrnah my
1
sommes sesc m % cs @ @ e. %
~ 10
T 5sohins Gals s f
~
find being tired little
these do f sleep e S & dSpsbed o BY aTss can
a OF DISEASES h fse b9e
a charge advice
Rss
nProvennent few hours after 6sginnng ,. nh. -
for you ali
CONSTIPATION
treatsu all cases of constipation and piles
you difficulty your
enTs o eT P9i oae T Were aa es arg s ~ ana
WEAK AND FAILING MEMORY;
and give S pfonpt sf f f6 dFsssins nsaady % men ana
F
win cost to
All that needed cure; IN Others
| WRITTEN CONTRACT.
aeY G Price H mag aS 'sn cure '''
| CHARGES REAsoNABLE
2R GR within my grasp VIII
Ro9 you di ooT % % %
sS q this & a saa S stand y Sunday Hours
/ Advice
j. =. RUCkEL. NJ D.
Il
(o2nd St. c Commercial Ave SO. CHICAGO
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
WISCONSIN LEAGUE.

At Madison-Madison, IS; Fond du
Lac 2.
At La Crosse-Oshkosh forfeited be-
cause umpire was knocked down by
Outfelder Dolan.
At Freeport-Freeport, ?; Wausau. /.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
SOUTHERN LEAGUE.

At Memphis-Memphis 3; MOntgom-
cry, 4.
At ACCOMPLISHMENTS 6; At
lanta, s.
At New Orleans-New Orleans, 2;
Nashville, I.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
CENTRAL LEAGUE

At ansville-EvansviIle, 2; Spring
field, 0.
At Canton-South Bend, 4 Canton, l.
At Terre Haute-Dayton, 5; Terre
Haute. 0.
At Wheeling Rapids game
postponed; wet grounds.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION.

sas City, G.
At Toledo-Toledo, Il; Louisville. 2.
At Columbus-Columbus g. Indian
apolis, I.
At Minneapolis-Mi Minneapolis, 6; St.
Paul, 5.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

The Hammond team won the third
straight game OF the season yesterday,
defeating the Hobarts by a score OF
10 TO l. Donahue seems to be invinc-
ible to the visiting teams and with the
good support of the rest of the team
the victories are coming thick and
fast Donahue also was there with the
bat yesterday and got a fine two-base
hit.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
EASTERN ILLINOIS LEAGUE.

At Pana-Taylorsvi s; Pana, 2.
At Centralia-Centralia, IL; Shelby
vile, /.
At Mattoon-Charlest 2; NATION,
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
EASTERN LEAGUE.

At Observation-Disclosures game post
poned: wet grounds.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
National League.

Chicago at Boston.
Pittsburg at Brooklyn.
Cincinnati at Philadelphia.
st. Louis at New York.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Coach Stage returned yesterday from
the football conference and stated that
there will be little change in the rules
for next fall. A few minor points in
regard to the forward pass will be
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
WESTERN LEAGuE.

At Denver-Denver, 9; Omaha, 2.
AT Sioux City-Lincoln, s; Sioux City,
).
At Pueblo-Des Moines. 4; Pueblo, 1.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

No games scheduled.
At Newark, n. Newark (Eastern),
5; Pittsburg (NationaD, s.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
Good Team.

Baltimore has a man So years old
who says he never told a lie. He
ought to make good running mate
for the Milwaukee man, who, at the
age of 81, says he's never been kissed.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
GAMES TODAY.
American League.

American League.
Boston at Chicago.
Washington at Cleveland.
Philadelphia at Detroit
New York at st. Louis.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
WANT AID STATIONS.

For the convenience Of patrons in
Whiting, East Chicago and Indiana
Harbor, we have established agencies
IN the following places:
Whiting-Whifing Cali office.
East Chicago-Veaco, the Drug Man.
Indiana Harbor--H. Il. 8IcCrun's ex-
press office.
Bring your ads to these places. Same
rates.-5-10- IT,
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

They are trying to arrange a match
race between Major Delmar and Sweet
Marie for the October meeting of the
Kentucky Horse Breeders association.
1t will carry one of the largest side
bets ever wagered on a harness race.
William Bradley, the millionaire New
York sportsman, is the owner Of Ma
jor Delmar and he is anxious for the
race.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
For Sale

so fit. Lots on Mason Street and
Ruth 500 each
Lots in c. c. Smiths Addition
5000 Easy Terms
2 Lots on Morton Ave. $500
Lots on Towle, Cameron and
Johnson Streets on north side,
$500 and up, have advanced
$500 per lot. will advance
again July First. BUY NOW.
so #. Lot on Sohl Street snap
at $500
7 room house on Calumet Ave.
SO fit. Lot 81, 200
4 room cottage on Sheffield Ave.
$500
4 room cottage on SohI Street
$1,000 part time
jacobson Agency
Phone 3642
Alp Hammond Building
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Captain Ford certainly pitched swell
ball for Williams against the Maroons
on Marshall field Saturday
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
NATIONAL LEAGUE.

Boston, 4: Chicago. 0 (ten innings).
New York, z; St. Louis, 5.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Northwestern swamped Indiana on
the track and field by a score of IS
to "a
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Chicago IS to get the bulldog show
next year.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

The Giants are out for a record in
straight victories and 1t looks as if
they would equal, If not surpass, the
record made by the Providence team in
the old National league Of twenty
straight victories. They have already
won eighteen games in a row and will
play the St. Louis team today and
start the Chicago series Tuesday. The
series will cause a lot Of interest and
may give US some dope on how the
present season will terminate.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
CLASSIFIED WANT ADS.


lines or less, per day, 10 cents.
cents per day for each additional line.
PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Coach Edward Ten Eyck of the
Syracuse squad is i'll and will be I'M
able to accompany the crew to Madi-
son. DR.. Hutchinson win make the
trip in his place.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Good Idea in England.
Proper care of the teeth is now
taught in London schools.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

different but in the main they will be
the same. They will De published soon
and in such simplified form that they
can be understood by all.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
LOST AND FOUND.
AND ROOMS
MISCELLANEOUS.

WANTED-Two boarders. Apply at
402 Claude street.-4-22-tf.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
S1OO REWARD.

One hundred dollars reward will be
paid for the arrest and conviction of
any person who maliciously Injuries or
interferes with the lines of this COM
pany. This supersedes all previous
offers.
American Telephone & Telegraph Co.
15S Adams St, Chicago. Ill
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

The Young Eagles trounced the
Hammond Stars Saturday by a score
OF Is TO {. frost pitched for the win
ners and Braney was in the box for
the losers. Jergens and frost got
three base hits.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Does your sewing machine need re-
pairing2 If so call up c. +. Miller. the
sewing machine expert. 241 East State
street, phone 2601.-1o-16-1m-
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Pullman has taken the lead in the
Soccer league. having defeated Coal
City by q score of I to 0. The car
makers have but a few more scheduled
games TO play and have a good look-in
for the championship.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Forty years Of age. and still one Of
the best twirlers in either league, is
the record of good old Cy Young, who
yesterday was the man who won the
game for Boston against the worlds
champs The old master was playing
baseball before many of the youngsters
of the Sox team were out of their
swadling clothes, having been in the
game for seventeen years. He pitched
like a boy of twenty yesterday, had
speed to burn, all the curves at his
command, and the best the SoX could
do was six hits, three by Hahn. His
head work while men were on bases
was a revelation. and the crowd cheer
ed him to the echo. The rejuvenated
Boston team showe& lots Of class and
in the tenth inning, led by old Cy,
swatted the ball for keeps and won the
game by four runs.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20
WESTERN LEAGUE.
AMERICAN LEAGUE.

YESTERDAYS RESULTS.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

Columbus has waived claim to
Pitcher Harper, on the pay list of the
Cubs and yesterday Murphy offered
him to President Dewey of Boston for
the sum of eight dollars, which was
declared too much money. Harper is
a young fellow and will show class yet
Better men than either Dewey or Muir
ply have lost good trades by too much
kidding, and Mr.. Harper may surprise
them some day. Taylor will probably
be on the rubber against young Cy
Young of the Boston team.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

The Brooklyn handicap today was
the feature of the Belmont Park fol-
lowing. and indeed. the colts in the
lineup were worthy of notice all over
the country. Superman is the best
looking proposition. carrying less than
100 pounds and having equaled the
worlds record for mile and sixteenth,
but the other horses are so nearly
alike that the talent will have to pick
and toss amongst them. Tokalon, Go
Between, Dandelion, Buttling, and in
fact. the whole field is fast and game.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1907-05-20

MONEY AND TIME SAVED-Let
William Marchant buy your tickets for
Chicago theatres. Leave orders Mt Sum-
Eners Pharmacy and NiiIlikans store
3-SO-tf.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1907-10-25
Went to the Right Place.

An American whose business
quently takes him to London tells
an amusing conversation between
driver and conductor Of a public y
in that city.
The bus was fairly crowded, so
American climbed to the top. WHIT
shortly after taking his seat. he
served pers in peculiar garb, W
a red turban. There was a l,aden
overhead and !, slow, drizzling II
such weather as is the rule rather Il
the exception in the British metropo
AS the conduc' or came to the top
red-turbaned person, evidently an
dian Parsee, got down.
"Wot sort Of a chap is that?" as
the driver of the conductor.
II fancies that 'es one of them
lers that worships the sum-"
'Worships the sun, eh ~ repeated
driver, with a SILVER. "Then l supp
he comes over ERE to ave rest.
Success Magazine.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1907-10-25

roots with the earth clinglng to them
as fast as they were laid bare, the
tree being kept erect by guy ropes.
When this was finished 1t was slowly
pushed along skids to the VAIN, which
was located in a trench, SO that Its
floor was about on a level with the bot
tom of the crate.
The crate was about thirteen feet
square and six feet deep. The tree II
about sixty feet tall and some Of the
lower branches had to be pruned to
keep them from damaging the roofs of
houses along the way. The weight OF
the tree and its packing was estimated
at 10000 pounds, and to carry 1t the
truck was made Of enormous strength
1t was decided that it would be i'm
practicable to put the wagon on wheels,
as each one would have to carry a
weight of $4,000 pounds, or more than
German locomotive wheels are tested
for. Besides 1t was figured that less
damage would be done to the road by
using rollers of American hickory. In
places where sewers or other pipes
were underground heavy timber beams
were arranged to take the weight Of
the rollers for fear the conduits would
be crushed.
The mechanical part Of the trans
plantation was carried out triumphant
ly. The tree Is still propped up In It's
new location lest the wind should blow
it over before it gets solid hold on
the earth. 1t is watched and watered
from day to day. 1t is not certain yet
whether 1t will accustom itself to it's
new home, but there are great hopes.
| that it will.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1907-10-25
TRANSMITTING A HUGE TREE.

Yew That May he 700 Years Old
Moved a Mile and a Quarter.
Perhaps the most ambitious attempt
at transportation on record has Just
been made at Frankfort on the Main,
Germany, and the results are being
eagerly watched by botanists, says tile
New York Sun. The oldest yew tree In
Germany, perhaps In the world, has
been removed from the old Botanical
garden, which the municipality is about
to use for some other purpose, to the
new one. The distance traversed was
about a mile and quarter.
The tree was moved not on account
Of any special scientific value. but for
sentimental reasons. Its age is esti-
mated by some authorities at 700 years,
and 1t seemed a sort of sacrilege to cut
1t down without an effort to save 1t.
Preparations for the removal were
begun three years ago under direction
Of expert botanists. The principal OPP
Grafton was the clipping off of the ten
drills Of the 1oots to a radius Of about
six feet. This was gradually done, a
few at a time, SO that the tree might
accustom itself to their loss. About the
end Of last May the colossal task of
lifting the tree from Its bed and placing
1t on a huge wagon constructed for the
purpose was begun.
sort of crate was built about the
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1907-10-25

who was urged by his wife to hoe the
garden. He couldn't think of any very
good reason, so he went at 1t. Soon
he came in with a silver quarter he
said he had found. He washed 1t, put
it in his pocket and went back. In a
few minutes he showed up with another
coin, this time a half dollar. He safi
there must be buried treasure In that
garden. He unearthed couple Of
dimes and another quarter. Being
very tired, he announced his Intention
Of taking nap, and duly went to Sleep
When he awoke his wife had a danger
GUS and steely CLINT in her eye, but the
garden was all hoed. 1t is mistrusted
that she had hoed while he slept, and
that she had failed to find any buried
decentralization Standard.