The news=record. [volume] (Enterprise, Wallowa County, Oregon) 1907-1910, 1907-10-24
THE RUNDOWN ORCHARD.
Methods to Be Pursued in Bringing 1t
Into Good Shape.

Methods to BE PURSUED IN bringing u
Into Good Shape.
A fruit grower residing near Fern
dale, Whatcom county, Washington,
recently informed the Washington
State Experiment station staff that
his orchard was badly run down, and
that he desired information which
would enable him to work systemati
cally and persistently until he had the
orchard in good shape. Considerable
attention was given to this inquiry,
Professor A. L. Melander, entomolo-
gist, taking care Of the problems of in
sect pests, and Professor w. s. Thorn
ber, horticulturist, advising relative
to the treatment Of the trees. Profess
sor Melander's reply follows:
"To get rid Of the moss and lichens
on your trees, wash the tree trunks
with lye in solution, one pound to ten
gallons of water. To kill the red spi-
ders, apply the sulphur-lime wash
when the leaves are off the tree. This
will kill the winter eggs. If the mite
appear in the summer, use kerosene
emulsion, and in this case it will be
better to add one ounce OF sulphur to
each gallon of spray. For the codiing
moth, spray with arsenate of lead, or
Paris green while the blossoms are fall
ing. Give a second spraying ten to
forty days later, according to the
weather, and spray again four weeks
after the first worms appear under the
bands. Give the fourth spraying four
weeks later. Get after the following
pests with the sulphur-lime wash:
Oyster shell lark louise; peach worm OF
twie borer; green or black aphis; Bills
ter mite; leaf curl; peach mildew
Find out exactly what each pest Is that
you discover, and treat accordingly.
"In preparing the kerosene emul
sion, use two gallons of kerosene
whale oil soap (or one quart OF sof
soap), one half pound; water, one gal
lon. Dissolve the soap in water, bu
boiling, and add the suds boiling hot u
the kerosene, away1from the fire. Th
mixture Is then to be agitated violent
ly, peierably by pumping 1t back OIL
itself with force pump. After fou
J or five minutes the mixture suddenl
, becomes creamy in consistence. If wei
, made, the cream will stand for lon
: time without free oil rising to the sur
{ face. Unless otherwise stated, use on
[ gallon of the emulsion to twelve gal
} Ions of water, in spraying.
l "In preparing the arsenate Of lea
spray, use one pound of arsenate of lea
a to forty gallons Of water. 1t is unnt
a cessary to use this stronger, and 1t
more reliable than Paris green. 1t
: especially useful where there is muc
Q rain, for it sticks we'll and does NJ
Q scorch the leaves"
y Taking up the problems in horticu
o ture, Professor Thornber stated:
70 "The removal of all insects and di
eases is of great importance, but do n
forget that careful tillage Of the Ian
then the removal of parts Of the to
, of the trees, and careful thinning o
:. :. of the fruit Is of just as much impoi
~ ~ ance. If the orchard has been in 8
70 70 for years, and the trees are not CROWN
~ the only proper thing to do will be
II pillow up the ground thoroughly and p
., the soil in first class tllable condtiio
a a. To do this, 1 advise you to give &
" " land thorough plowing in the ia
leaving 1t more or less rough to weat
n' er during the winter. In the sprin
T.. as coon as the ground has dried O
y, sufficiently, work the soil carefully wi
vi either disk, or spring tooth, a
lr- tool, in fact, that will cultivate t
a. ground thoroughly. Let the Guilty
ne tion be continued throughout the ne
OF two or three years, till the soil is
GU an active, virile condition.
OIL "The pruning Of your trees will
another important phase. II the tr'
are large, they will need more or II
topping, but do this gradually. Do l
ad remove the entire top at once, or y
nj will produce crop of water sprou
in and will retard the fruit scions fr
So one to FIVE years. So thin out 4
srs limbs, topping back but portions
MS them, and plan on doing summer as "
lpt as winter pruning. II any large lin
an are to be removed, the cut surfa
he should be painted over with some II
RS, paint of almost any color. Do not
en- wax nor coal tar The grating v
all will peel off during wet seasons, {
ate the .oal tar will injure the cambiu
lie. or young growth, especially in fl
trees.
Determine what Varieties of n
Rv. you have, and their merits. Top-gl
ant the undesirable varieties in the spri
ire and carefully eliminate all varie
his that are not first class. Western Wa
INK ington is we'll adapted to the grow
The OF irult, ana none puo the pes' sho
hat be grown there. II the trunks OF y
the trees are diseased, or decaying ba'
ent it will not be possible for you to r.
,ec- venate them, but they should be
Mr.. moved, and young trees set In 81
az. places"