davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-11-15
No French Gold Coming.
Special Cablegram to The Star.

Special Cablegram to The Star.
LONDON. November ia dispatch to
the Central News from Paris states that
the negotiations that Morgan & Co. have
been carrying on with the Bank of France,
with view Of obtaining gold for ship
ment to America, have been definitely
broken or.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-11-15
Mauretania Insured for $1,000, COO

LONDON, November 15.-The Cunard
Company's new liner Mauretania, which
will sail from Liverpool tomorrow on it's
maiden trip to New York. has been in
sured for nearly IS, ,00O 600.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-11-15

European oface: 3 Regent St., London, England.
New York ofice: Tribune Building.
Chicago Ofhce: First National Bank Building,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-11-15

TAs Evening Star Newspaper Company,
THEODORE ". MOVES, Prss,dsnE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-11-15
THE EVENING STAR

WITH SUNDAY MORNING EDITION.
ousiness oHioe, Ilth Street and Pennsylvsnia Ave
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-11-15
Authorized by Board.

Continued on Eleventh Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1907-11-15

The Evening Star wftn the Sunday morning
edition, 81 delivered by carriers. their own
ac--.unt. within the city at 90 cents per month
without The Sunday Star at Al cents per month
ny mail, postage prepaid:
Dcily Sunday included, one month. 60 cents
Daily. Sunday excepted, one month, 20 cents.
Saturday Star. year, - 90.
Sunday Star, one year. $l.5O.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23
Water for Fruit GROWING.

I have not had any experience with
irrigating fruit crops, other than the
overflow of water from the water
tank running through an open drain
which passes by some peach trees
This, however, in times of drought,
says the correspondent of Farmers
Review, makes a very noticeable diff
ference in the size of the fruit. The
two out of the last ten years have
been so dry as to hurt the fruit and
other crops. 1t is not necessary for
the farmers in this vicinity to irri-
gate, although it is my opinion that in
dry weather irrigating fruit: and 9th;
er crops would be beneficial J. and
would pay, is the expense in SO. doing
were not too great. We have a never
failing water supply, getting water by
driven wells from 20 to 80 feet deep,
and the Wabash river flows ~ ny
Iarn. -. *<:.sz. sz. s4t!s s$t! p 57$A|5s
r, S+.s@
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23
THE PROPER
CARE OF MILK
ByL.E. Scott, of Wisconsin Farm
eTS' Institute.

il we are to produce good milk it is
:lrvrSsaiy that we have good, healthy
COWS, and that we give them suitable
iced and care. With our privilege Of
selection and knowledge of breeding,
ire;ling and rearing the heifer, there
$ little excuse for failure in this mat
;e". Everything should be provided
il.;t will tend to keep the COWS in the
most perfect sta te of health and thrift
and the highest degree of contentment
and comfort. Wholesome feed, prop
~ amount Of exercise, pure water in
sufficient quantities, fresh air, clean,
light and we'll ventilated stables, and
the general care of the cow, all have
their effect upon the quality of the
milk. Dairymen must avoid feeding
those feeds that impart a taint to the
milk. They should never feed cows
damaged feeds of any kind. Such
foods as turnips and cabbage may
possibly be fed in limited quantities
ten hours or more previous to milk
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

fiavors, and also che souring of milk
in all it's various forms. While the
milk in the udder of healthy COW is
probably free from these troublesome
germs, every particle OF dirt or de-
tached hair that finds it's way into the
milk pail carries with it numbers of
them
It is necessary to thoroughly clean
the udders and under parts OF the cow
previous to milking. In our practice
each mixer is provided with good
horse brush, which is used vigorously,
and the teats are stroked with the
bare hand before the open pail is
placed under the udder. All milk pals,
cans, utensils, etc., must be thorough
ly cleansed 1t is not enough to just
rinse them, but after good washing
they must be thoroughly scalded in
boiling water and when possible sub
jected to the purifying rays of sun,
In purchasing new tinware always
see that there are no deep seams. If
there are, have the timer to resolder
them flush with the surface. If rea-
sonable precautions as regards clean
illness are observed, the bacteria which
the milk contains when brought from
the stable will not of themselves cause
serious trouble; but at temperature
ranging from IS to 100 degrees Fahr-
enheit they will multiply and develop
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

On the head and instantly killed him.
The two others, attached by their rope
to his dead body, were unable in their
precarious foothold, to resist, the
shock, and were Immediately swept
away down the couloir at terrific
speed. ... I
Their axes were torn from their
grasp, and Gentinetta, who never lost
consciousness, was > convinced that
that awful. journey. He retained his
presence of mind. About: 800 feet be-.
low the spot where the party was car
ried of, a small bergschrund, or crew.
asse, ran across the ice slope which
forms the base of the asMatteEhorn on
its eastern side. Beneath. the crevasse
are ice cliffs, and any: one.s ooting: the
bergschrund and = falling. over. these
would have sheer drop which would
be fatal; .....:~ 49, ! e+:., s -
. .At>the time of the accident the
crack was several feet wide,.. and into
it the two still living men and: their
dead companion were tprecipitated.:
The -chasm was : partly filled with
stones and sand, and MI Sloggett fell
face down. His jaw was broken, and
he was almost suffocated. ! ! ~ e s t:.T y
* Gentinetta, though: terribly bruised:
seized the: helpless form ot his en-.
ployer and pulled him out iof the: pos'
sition In which he lay. They were still
in great; peril, for the accident hap
ipened at the hottest part ofZ the day,
and every little while falflne stones
and Ice. being " freed bys the thaw,
plunged down the coulo Dir 4 an 4efsE
fort that was almos super erhunIaIl
sentinetta managed take sem
sployer,H though hoaltI eSai soff axes.
IN Sxlassy blood Is timed
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

more than ten inches on all the farms,
and an average of 1875 inches. The
gravel in the soil on the different
farms varied from LOS to 20.58 per
cent, the sand from 5096 to 1852,
the silt from 1915 to 28.48, and the
clay from 9.62 to 1915.
The Colorado station found that of
spring wheat varieties Kubanka,
durum or macaroni wheat, appeared
best adapted to the dry land regions
of that state, and that among the win
ter wheats Turkey Red gave the most
satisfactory yields. The best yield Of
corn secured on the Utah experimental
farms amounted to 1898 bushels of
ear corn and about ton of stover
per acre.
On all of these farms fall planting
of alfalfa proved failure, while
spring planting produced stand
wherever tried. To obtain a good
! stand of alfalfa under similar condi-
tions, the Colorado. station recon-
mends plowing the ground early in
the season five to eight inches deep,
narrowing it until it is we'll packed,
| and planting the seed after the ground
is thoroughly wet. If a crust has been
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23
RAISING CROPS SUCCESSFULLY
BY DRY: FARMING METHODS
Treatment Which Retains Moisture Until Needed
Growth.

The production of crops without ir-
tigation in regions having a limited
rainfall is called arid or dry farming.
AS a rule, where dry farming is prac-
ticed, the annual rainfall ranges from
about to 20 inches. There are vast
semi-arid areas in the west which
cannot be brought under irrigation,
and this method of farming is an at
tempt to utilize some of these lands
for other agricultural purposes than
mere grazing. -
Farming without irrigation was
practiced in numerous localities by
the early settlers, and while in many
cases these efforts were successful, in
many more they were failures. They
demonstrated, however, that under
certain conditions dry-land agriculture
may be successfully practiced. The
experience gained during the last 80
or 40 years and the results of the re-
cent work in this connection carried
on by several experiment stations and
other agencies, indicate that, by
means of special methods of cultiva'
ton requiring, in some instances, spe
cial tools and implements, and by the
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23
Rush of Tourists to Alps '=H MT r
Starts Nelu Roll ofDeath

The dangerous spot of climbing the
Alps is spreading it's allurements be-
fore tourists, and never-ending
stream is turning toward the snowy
heights, Grindenwald, Zermatt and
Chamounix, being, as heretofore, the
chief points of attraction.
There will be deaths in number,
for never a season passes but several
hundred lives are lost to the ambition
to scale the ice-bound precipices...
1t is never possible to get an ac-
curate account of the total number OF
casualties every year, for the Alps
curving around Northern and Western
Italy and touching in several coun-
tries cannot be made to yield absolute.
ly accurate statistics.
The nearest approach is the roster
of the Alpine club, in which is filed
the name of every person meeting
death in the Swiss Alps, as far as can
be discovered. This shows that in six
years, from 1898 to 1904, there were
514 fatal accidents. AS the italian
Alps yield at least an equal number, it
will be seen that the average is al
ways around 200 a season. The loss
is increasing, not diminishing.
The Alpine, mountaineers seek to
make light of catastrophes, and say
that they could have nearly all been
prevented had the parties been in
charge of competent. guides, but this
argument does not hold good in the
light of the facts.
| A typical accident, the story of Mr..
Sloggett's fall on the Matterhorn, is
fairly descriptive of the dangers that
menace every climber, even in the
hands of, the best of guides.
With two guides, Furrer and Cen
l. tinetta, this young Englishman was
! coming down the mountain after an
ascent.
At one spot it'was necessary to
cross a couloir, or gulley of suow and
ice, and down this channel fall most
of the stones that detach themselves
from the shattered face of the peak.
| Furrer, the leading guide, was making
his way over, when a stone, dropping
from considerable height, struck hin
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

The worst feature Of most of the
Alpine accidents is that the unfortu-
mates get into predicaments from
which no outside help can come to
them, even though other persons be
near.
For example, the guests of a hotel
in Southern Switzerland stood on the
.yeranda for three hours and watched
two men wage a losing fight with
death. t. :.
They were climbing Is a peak over
the edge of vast abyss, having
slipped to it from a@path above owing
to the breaking Of a rope.
Guides made every effort to reach
them, but long before any one could
make a way up the mountain the
strength of the unfortunates was ex.
hausted, and those on the veranda
had the horror of seeing the men, one
by one, weaken, and drop, falling into
a chasm so many thousand feet deep
that there was no hope even Of re-
covering their bodies.
:: Four students attempted to go up
the Olperor in the Swiss Tyrol. They
were caught in the path of a land
slide without moments warning, and
with not a chance in the world to
save thepselves, they were swept over
the brink Of the. mountain to die on
the rocks below
r. The fatalities this year are main
tanning the average, and have already
passed the hundred mark
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

= At the foot of the Gross Glockner,
In the Eastern >Tyrol, is a little ceme-
terry, where is it said every other
grave is the last resting place of the
victim sof an Alp climbing accident.
= It.. is estimated that every summer
a matter of some three million persons
visit the Alps.
Many of these, with the daring OF
the uninitiated, scout the talk of dan
ger,s and insist on going to places
which have officially been termed
dangerous, and where the guides only
go with greatest reluctance.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23
Woman Commandant.

Mrs. Albert H. Metcalf, is the first
woman to hold the position Of COM
mandant at a United States navy
yard She has been appointed to fill
that post at the old and almost de-
serted yard at Sacketts Harbor. Her
husband was dhe commandant at the
time of his death. There are but q
few hundred dollars worth of govern.
ment property remaining at the yard.
Mrs. Metcalf will receive 81 a day
for keeping friendly eye 1t. She
is the third of her name to hold the
position.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

formed on the surface by the rain,
this should be broken up with light
narrowing and the, seed then sown
broadcast. If a drill is used, the seed
should be drilled in as soon as the
ground shows dry on top. The sowing
may be done at any time, while the
ground is in good condition, between
May 10 and July Is.
A study of the principles of dry
farming made by the Utah experiment
station indicates that fall plowing is
essential for the purpose of opening
the soil and permitting the storage of
the fall and winter precipitation, and
that deep plowing and, in many cases,
subsoiling is desirable, as the water
is stored deeper and is not so readily
driven off by the direct rays Of the
sun. in general wheat was the most
successful crop grown. On account OF
the limited quantity Of soil moisture
this seeding is recommended, as it
was found that sowing from one-halt
to one bushel of wheat per acre gave
the best results. Fall sowing is pre-
ferred to spring sowing, as the crop
beginning it's growth in the fall is at
a better advantage to make use of the
soil moisture. Experience has shown
that sowing broadcast when the surf
ace is dry does not place the seed
deep enough in the soil to assure IA
vorable conditions for termination,
but that by the use of the press drill
this difficulty is largely overcome. Dry
farming does not, generally produce
long straw, and the harvesting for this
reason is done with the header.
The main purpose of summer: fallow
on dry farms is to store the water Of
two or more seasons in the soil for the
production of a crop, and hence this
is practiced more frequently where
the rainfall is limited than where it is
heavier. The Colorado station gives
the following directions for this prac.
tice:
After the SHOWS Of winter have melt.
ed in the spring plow the ground at
least seven sOr eight inches deep. Level
this down with the harrow and packer,
following this process with smooth.
ing harrow forming an earth mulch to
check evaporation. This mulch should
not be too fine, as the winds of the
plains will tend to rift the soil or blow
the earth mulch entirely away. If pos.
sible, stir the surface soil from two to
four inches every ten to fifteen days
throughout the summer. Allow no
crust to form after summer showers.
as this will increase the evaporation
of the soil moisture, Keep the ground
clean, free from weeds. : ..
In addition to the crops, grown in
the tests noted above, .Kaf1r corn,
sorghum, millet, field peas, bronze
grass; meadow fescue and western
wheat grass have given good results
on the plains. As regards the quantity
of water required for maturity the
common field crops are placed in the
following. nding) order by the
Colorado station Corr, potatoes.
wheat, barley, deM - oats. alfa
and red 7cloYe
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

with surprising rapidity.x It. is. essen
tai, then, that we cools the milk at
once after milking, to a temperature
below so degrees when bacterial
growth is checked, only to be renewed
when the milk is again warmed. AS
these bacteria are really a low order
of plant life, any temperature that is
best adapted to the growth Of the
plants of the field will produce the
most rapid souring of milk and the
production of bad flavOrs
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23
Cutting Alfalfa Crop Grown by Dry Farming Methods.

use of drought-resistant crops and va
rieties, arid farming may be placed on
a much safer basis than heretofore./
The fact should not be disregarded,
however, that under semi-arid condi-
tiOns without irrigation crop failures
are bound to be much more frequent
than in regions of adequate rainfall;
order to establish permanent home
on the dry lands of the western plains,
provision should be made for the irri-
cation of small area on which vege-
table food for the family and forage
for the stock may be- grown with GER
tainty every year to tide over the sea-
sons. of possible crop failures on the
unirrigated portion Of the farm.
The Utah experiment station points
ou that the two main problems in dry
farming are Cd the absorption and re-
tention of moisture by the soil, and
(2) the culture of crops which make
satisfactory growth and reach maturi-
ty with very little water. The soils
of Utah, generally very deep and quite
uniform to great depths in chemical
and physical properties, are we'll
adapted to dry farming on account of
their great misunderstanding capaci-
ty. The station estimates that under
ordinary: conditions the average an
nual rainfall of II inches can be held
in three and one-quarter feet of soil
of this description. In this method Of
farming, therefore, the soil should be
treated to facilitate the absorption
and retention of as much as possible
of the moisture that falls upon it.
Data secured by the station indicate
that on the dry farms of the state $50
pounds of water is required to pro-
duce, one pound of dry matter in the
plant, while experiments conducted in
this country and in Europe show that
under humid conditions only about 500
pounds is sufficient for the same pur-
pose. A rainfall of IL inches amounts
to 1861 tons of water per acre; or a
quantity sufficient, if entirely used by
the crop, to produce q bushels of
grain, even on semi-arid lands. Large
areas within the state have an annual
precipitation of IL inches or more.
During the summer months the pro-
portion of sunny days reaches 80 per
cent, and the average day tempera-
ture from May to September is about
IS degrees: F. The highest" average
day temperature, which is from 1OO~to
105 degrees F.,soccurs in June and
July. Under these climatic conditions
Idry farmingFis considered feasible.
3y: Utah recently established six exper-
mental farms in different. sections
and placed them under the direction
Of the experiment station for further
investiga atoms on dryfarm practices.
The first years work on these farms
was carried on in 1904. The land was
plowed about eight inches deep and
brought. to- q fine. tflth; With disk and
smoothing harrow. No summer fallow
preceded these crops, anl hence only
Iones years precfpi tation was used in
their product On: The rainfall records
Cor ths year shew !. rrecip tatioln q q
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

ing, without material damage, to = the.
milk, yet there are other foods that
may be fed just as proftably and
without incurring any risk.
There are, however, other taints
than those resulting from the feed
which; are more troublesome and re-
auire greater alertness and perse-
verance to overcome. I refer to those
cf germ origin. These are minute or
sanisms which we call bacteria, nu-
merous in variety of undesirable
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

Largest Farfn.-The largest farm in
the world is said to be in Mexico. It is
100000 acres in extent, and "a train
takes half a day to cross it. It is
owned by one man, and his livestock
consists of, a thousand horses, 100000
sheep, and he brands 100000 calves
annually. His name is Don Terrazas,
and he employs 10000 ,laborers::. Living
in a 100000 house he is considered
to be the richest man in Mexico, and
the weaIthiest farmer in the world.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

was lost in>1S66 by being caught in
an avalanche, lay in crevasse for
thirty-one years, till it was recovered
in 1897. The ice had served to pre-
serve the body, which was in excel
lent condition.
Even this slight consolation has
been denied the families of many OF
those lost on >treacherous mountain
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

safety! Another party came to their
assistance later, andsthe remainder II
the descent was safely accomp mplished.
The body Of the 3ttft{rl other guide was re-
covered from the cr1eelXasse 1elIalsE'se the follow
ing morning. ,"ET.@ ,:"EET;@>
The body of Henry fFAlrkwright, who
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

heights. Lost in mountains of ice and
snow, bruised and battered by falls
hundreds of feet, are the bodies Of
many >unfortunates, whose last cries
no one heard, and whose fate remains
a mystery to this day.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

The Seed Potatoes.-save. seed po-
tatoes from plot that twas not highly
fertilized. High fertilization, especial
ly with nitrogenous materials, lowers
the resisting power. of. the potato to
both blight and rot:z Dig before. they
reach full maturity forSseed purposes.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

: Setting Out Berry Rushes low is
the time to set out currant5 and goose
berry bushes. They will Az well Tor
the snace they occupy 5s szSss b.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

of cheese exhibit last fall is shown in
the picture reproduced above. The
prizes are sufficiently liberal to war
rant dairymen in sending their ex-
hibits to the fair. This department
is in charge of the wellknown dairy
expert, George A. Smith.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1907-02-23

One or the leading features at the
fine display of dairy products. This
being the leading dairy state is
naturally expected to make a good
showing along these lines. A portion
The Birmingham age-herald., 1907-03-31

and a reception room. Above this will be the gallery and the mems class room. The social hall will be used for the Sun day school purposes.
 The Rev. George E. Bates, pastor, yes terday said that the object of the building is to meet the needs of a down town To- cation with equipment which may be use full every day and every night during the week, and not on Sunday alone. He said that the complaint Is often made that churches are open only on Sunday and closed for the remaining six days Of the week, but that the object of his church would be to be open every day and at the service of all who might seek the help of it's privileges or those who minister therein.
 The building is to be completed about June 15 The contract has been let to the Evans Brothers Construction com pany and they are pushing the work as rapidly as possible. There is much ir- terest being shown in the church and the ideas that 1t is advancing in Bir- mngham.