The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1907-10-08

The 4 tlICAA(ALApbAl sAF44AB liz 6O% GL -
went its powers, was created by the
BALES. and not by the people Of the
.n.fe territory covered by the
States.
The powers of the Federal Govern
r-.t are expressly delegated and lin
..a ana ali powers not 50 delegated
~.uaiu Iu the states or the people.
An exact mode for extending or di-
hing the Federal powers ~ given
due 90 institution, and any change
r.7- otherwise than therein prescrib-
of Tecesslty usurpatiOn, whether
a.. done by Executive mandate, Leg
-...Jve enactment or judicial con
er...tiOn.
we materially extend the powers Of
toe Federal Government by i'm piica-
r.r is about as reasonable as TO SPEAK
o. -re implied privileges Of the Ten
C.H. uandments.
THE powers Of government are not
o.lded between them (the States
an" FEDERAL Government), says Mr..
nsncroft, they are distributed; 50
mat there need be no collision in
tltl- exercise"
s.vereignty in our government re-
side only with the people. The
-.s..s arc sovereign because the peo-
ole lormed them, ard their SOVEREIGN
II absolute save as to those poNArs
which they specifically coded to the
Ts.aral Government; or, as MIR. Web
SIR has said: The State Legislatures
'"f-' 'A 5000 dIi'i a
ordinary powers Of government"
Hepubllcs have existed from the
earlier times. All Of these, until
comparatively recently, under the
sa.rral compact conferred no power
obi. the conventional or general gov
eruueut created by the States compo5-
ing il, t. act directly in the execution
of its powers upon the individual
States, except by force OF arms, ana
THAI necessarily meant dissolution or
g.FfftEr4 ton FTISjS sort of a Rn9IJhiic
has been called by the German pub
Uoiats ~Staten3und. There have been
other Republics where all the powers
possessed by the States composing it
have been conferred upon the central
or conventional government. The
call this q Bundeestaat. \
particula. name for our peculiar form
of Republic has never yet been
coined.
There were no doubts in the minds
of the trainers Of the Constitution a.
10 the kind of government they want
eI. They knew perfectly what they
wanted and why they wanted X.
When the English colonies began
10 AXE root in America a king had
come to the British throne who had
brought himself to believe that
he rcigned by immediate grant Of
right from God, and that any attempts
TO restrain his power or limit his
preroEatiVe, were ~usurpatiOns against
Divine light. He hated religious as
veil as civil freedom. His idea was
that the king alone had the right tt
decide. The colonists had not forgot
ten tha their ancestors had left their
homes throughout Europe for 10
other purpose than to find that re-
ligiaus and civil freedom that mon
arches and centralized governments
denied. They had learned from his
tory that kings and kingly govern
ments had been oppressors OF the race
Of man in every age of the world,
that there had been kings sufficient
only to show that bad kings were thet
rule. ano that emperors and dictators
had nearly all been profligates and
tyraats. The thoughtful men of the
colonies had long been asking them
selves the question, Are kings nee
essary for the best government? Are
not the people OF these olonies so
situated hat they can throw off a
government of kings and emperors
and govern themselves by their own
chosen representatives? And. to en-
courage these enquiries, events had
enabled each colony to try the ex-
pertinent of self-government under
their charters. At the close Of the
colonial period three colonies were
proprietary, eight royal and two char
ter. but all had their own repre-
sentative governments. Each colony
was practically a Republic long before
the Revolution.
1t is true thai the British Parlia-
ment HAD enacted the most oppressive
laws under which the colonies had
suffered, but they knew better than
to hold the yparliament responsible
for these laws. They Knew that the
navigation laws. trade laws, stamp
acts, taxes on imports, Boston port
bills, and similar expressions. al
though ~cstensibly passed by the par
lament really Iemanated from the
king and his immediate counselora.
Therefore the wasted no Indignation
ON these SUbordinates, but determined
to break the chains that bound them
30 any and all sorts OF concentrated
power. He has made" He has re
fused He has forbidden" He has
favored, HE has pIundered," were
the beginnings of the paragraphs in
the declaration of Independence. tn
Indictment found in this true and
powerful bill was against the king,
rot the parliament. These colonists
had determined in their minds ana
hearts that they, and they alone
should be- the sovereignS in America.
1t would have been as easy to in
duCc the convention of States that.
framed the Constitution to declare for
& monarchy and name q king, as 1t
would have been to induce tHem to
form a government placing in the
bands OF any man or set OF men pow
CT 1t will. They realized, as one in
these United States today can real
ize. the danger OF allowing any man
81. soy what liz t3tCtI vi - Ei Il
SHOULD he. They knew tina safety
as to be found acne in the dis
trfbutiou of power, and that this dis
ftlhutiou should be in terms as plain
as language could write il. They saw
that some sort of a general govern
nielt was necessary in order to deal
with foreign nations, and TO do certain
ether things that it ha5 been shown
the several States could not do salts
factorJy. but almost every word ut
tered and Pp~taiEIV every action taxi
81. in the convention that framed the
Constitution, showed how Jealous
II 80 poole were Of the liberties for
hich they hal fought SO long and
suffered so much.
The idea Of q distribution of powe~1
MAS manifestly the controlling one in
The minds OF the founders of our gov
e'ameat- There is apparent in all
mat was done & studied determination
'" so distribute the powers that It
'uld be impossible. short of open
'~Surpatfon, for any Departments to
Xxx OPPRESSION. The general gov