davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-04-25

Old Sofas, Backs of Chairs, ETC., can
be dyed with PUTNAM FADELESS
DYES, fast, bright, durable colors.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-04-25

He is mean man who will let a
woman marry him for his money when
he hasn't any.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-04-25
At the q uteher's.

Some venison today, ma'am?''
mo. I don't care for it,
sSs But it's very cheap, ma am
sIt may be cheap, but venison is
deer ct any price,
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-04-25

Mrs. WinsIow's Soothing Syrup.
For children teething, softens gums reduces In
hammaton Allays pain. cures wind collie CSC bottis.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-04-25

There is the instinct of the beggar
ia every one
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1907-04-25

M
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1907-08-02
JAMES JUSTICE DEAD.

James Justice, resident of Cha
nute since 81 and resident Of I'll e
couuty since 20, and of Kansas sin e
SO, aged SO years aud : months, passed
lway at his home on 7Jh. street, Wed
lesday evening" little past s O'Clock
md was buried in Elmwood Thursday
venlug.
Mr. Justice has always been known
IS Jolly wide awake jOvial citizen
10 to the last few rs he was
very active for man Of his age and
worked at his trade constantly, 1t
vas very rare thing for Mr.. Justice
y lose a day from his tailor shop. He
vas friend to every body and every =
,ody was his friend A few months
Jack oalcerous growth started OF
lis neck, which grew rapidly t.,
leath rel!eAed him
He leay. 5 wife 81 years old ano
several grown children.
There are very few couples that liv'
.ogetber as long as Mr. and Mrs. Jus
ice. They have been married o.
ears. They bave always been great
workers and highly respected cltizeD>
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1907-08-02


dom, and cheerful loving compan-
ionshlp, and they will lot have 1t
unless the mothers keep themselves
up to their best When your chI'd-
rem have grown W to womanhooa
and manhood they will appreciate
it and be glad that you have kept
yourself up to your best, and will
be proud to call you mother. They
will be glad that you have not a.
lowed your mind to rust out but
have kept up with the times and can
converse intelligcntIy upon the top.
les of the day. They will be glad
that you have not let them grow
away from you, but by general IN
terest in all their affairs have kept
in touch and sympathy with them
and their concerns. They will be
glad and thankful that you have
kept yourself young looking, fresh
and pretty, and will be happy to
have your association, and will in
troduce you to their young friends.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1907-08-02
KEEP UP 10 YOUR BEST.

Pres'd mt King of Oberlin Col
lepe sometimes says III his talks to
his students: "Keep yourself al
WAYS up to your best" He urges
this that they may be useful men
aud women, strong in body with uh'
shattered nerves, that they may be
more able to resist the temptations
that daily beset them. It is well
settled fact that the physical condi-
ton of man effects his moral nature
i seems a pity that SO little thought
Is given to those things that make
for happiness and health; that we at
,ac1 SO little Importance to the care
Of the body; and the chief thought
the one that is with us on waking
aud the last to leave US at night, Is
how we may accomplish the most
work in the shortest time There
/ much said about the "strenuous
life but few farmers wives need
70 be urged to more strenuous lly-
ing Work is good for one; 1t IS
besjtbful, life giving, and lazy
nerson or a shirk is an abomination;
brt when a woman makes a mere
machine of herself she is dong
something for which she was not
created, and can not keep herself up
% her best. She can not be the
home. maker that she was meant to
.be. She can not properly discipline
her children nor be to her husband
loving helpmate and compa'n
The mother who is continually tired
and worn out can not exercise the
best Judgment in the training OF her
children and will be wanting in pa
tience and sympathy. A mother
who had allowed her work to crowd
out her after dinner nap was trying
TO have her son do over agaid
niece of work which he had sighted
She displayed some Impotence
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1907-08-02
RELIABLE JEWELRY

)ur superior array Of JewelrY an
Watches makes selection easy. Every
hing is in perfect taste, ald every
hing may be perfectly relied upon.
We sell nothing we don't know all
about, and we tell you everything we
know about everything you ask to see.
the Jeweler.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1907-08-02
First published chsnute Times July 10, 1901
Notice of Hearing of Druggist
Permit.

To all IL may concern. gresting: Know re that
Of Neosho county. State Of Kansas, did on the
18th day Of July, 1907, file in the Probate court
Of Neosho county. and State OF Kansas, petit
In the city OF Chanute, Neesho county, Kansas.
where said business is located. praying for q
druggists permit TO be granted to me N sell
intoxicating liquors for medical, mechanical
and scientific purposes only for the period Of
one year. The averments and allegations set
forth in said petitions 20 come mp for bearing
At the Office OF the Probate Judge at krie, Kan
sss. THURSDAY, Aug. is, 1907, at 10 o'clock a. N.
A.E. Frazier, Applicant.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1907-08-02
First Published in Chanute Times, July 10 10 !
Notice of Appointment of Ad-
mInistratrix,
as, County OF Neosho, Sc

State Of Kansas, County Of Neosho. IS.
in the probate court in and for said county.
Notice is hereby given that the undersigned
was on the 18th day OF July A. D.. 1901 by
the Probate Court. appointed Administrators
Of the estate Of Robert Ebert sweeney de-
ceased, late Of said County and State.
All persons indebted 20 the estate are re-
quested 70 make Immediate payment; and those
having claims against the same will present
them, duly authenticated to the undersigned,
for allowance.
MARY J, SwEKSEI, Administrative.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1907-08-02
TheCOrreCt Time

Is sometimes matter of great
imnortance. A watch that doesn't
tell the correct time is just as bad as
M watch at all Ifyour watch shows
an inclination to be eccentrlcor IN
steady in It's habits, bring IL 10 US anu
we will put it in shape at very rea-
sonable cost.
~ CONKL1N, the Jeweler
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1907-08-02

s1hlzl. $500 Z ?
" nch he was not slow to detect and
feel It's influence, and he -retorted +,
~ know what is the trouble, you
have not had your rest today
The daily work is SO absorbing
that one is apt to neglect to care for
The body. As soon as the eyes are
opened 10 lbe morning the thought
is to jump out and dress hurredIy,
rush right INTO the work, even for
getting the morning prayer In :;
care Of the hair, the teeth, and the
skin is very important and the neg
4 lect of them tells sooner or later
but is sure to.later, when yoNthful-
ness rs slipping away. 1t takes only
luue while to make the morning
toilet and dre5s neatly, and it makes
| life seem s1much more like living
and preserves ones selfresPect. 1t
also calls forth the respect of the
family and sets an example worthy
to be inflated
The neglect of the teeth leads to
their early decay and as a result In
lures the health aud detracts from
the personal appearance. They
should be brushed at least once a
dav. bgtIt is better 20 be done after
each meal. Ii is'a good plan to gel
into the habit of washing the face
and teeth l1st before retiring, Wash
the face in soft hot water in which
a little boraX has been dissolved.
Wash thoroughly with some pure
soap and rinse we'll in soft cold
water and dry with a soft towel, be-
ing careful to rub the face upw ard.
AS one grows older the muscles of
the face are apt to become fabby
and drop downward, making one
look older The upward motion in
washing and drying the face over
comes this tendency. 1t is better
to wash the face at night in this way
than in the morning, and then only
rinse the face in cold water in the
morning.
To keep herself up to her best the
mother must keep herself rested
and refreshed as much as possible.
There are many ways of doing this
and each one can best work it out
for herself. One woman says Sc
saves herself by dropping down
often when about her work, and
takes every opportunity of sitting
down to do work that may be done
as, we'll sitting as standing. But the
afternoon nap of a few minutes
works wonders as a means of re
freshing the body and mind. Moth
ers are mistaken if they think their
children do not need them when
they have grown up. They need
them more then then when they
were in their arms and under their
feet. They need counsel and wis
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
.H]BsOR AND MAss|E
DENY THE Statement
Declare They Did Not Secure
Meanley Notes on Speculative
Account.
Account.

Messrs Saunders Hobson and w. r.
Massie, when seen yesterday by a re-
porter for The Times-D ispatch In ref
,erence to the allegation in the bill of
+. d. Meanley, division freight agent
of the Norfolk g. Western Railway
Company, against themselves and
others, In the Law and Equity Court Of
the city of Richmond, pronounced the
statement in the bill that Dickinson
transferred the notes In question to
Saunders Hobson. William r. Massie
and w. II. Gray, who, he believes, had
made winning at Dickinson's bucket
shop" as reported In The Times-Dis-
patch of yesterday, as reckless and
false.
In explanation OF their ownership
of the notes in question, the collection
OF which Mr.. Meanley is endeavoring
to enjoin on the plea that they were
given in settlement of a gambling
transaction, these gentlemen state
that the notes were delivered to them
by party who was indebted to them;
that they had had no speculative trans
action on their own account with L.
Dickinson, agent. and that they had
no knowledge OF the fact, nor do they
believe it to be true, that the trans
action out of which Meanley's indebt-
edness to Dickinson grew was a
gambling transaction.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
NEWS
FROM ALL POINTS
n. & w. August Report Shows
Similar Increase in Earnings
and Expense.
THE. SAME ON OTHER LINES
Chesapeake and Ohio stocklrold-
ers to Meet Here on
October ED.

Annual and monthly reports of rail-
statements frequently made by the ex-
3ecutive officers that even with the in
CREASE in net and gross receipts there
is a similar increase in operating OK
penses, which cuts down the profits to
"a Very large extent. In many cases 1t
has bcen demonstrated that the ex-
pense account is greater than the in
creased revenue. The statement OF
earnings and expenses of the Norfolk
and Western Railway Co. for the month
of August shows that the total earn
ings were II per cent greater than
in August, 1906, while the total oper-
ating expenses were 20 per cent. high
err than for the corresponding month
of last year. The proportion OF ex-
penses to gross earnings for August
last was 62 per cent.
President Smith, OF the Louisville
and Nashville. In his annual report,
states that during the past fiscal year
| the gross receipts Increased s5,254.94s.
with an increase of $4,s47.s3s in the
| operating expenses. The increased cost
OF labor and material and the neces-
| sity for employing a much larger force
| to enable the company to promptly
| handle the Increase In business are the
causes assigned by nm LoT tiie lai6ei
expense account. According to the an
nual report of the New York, New
| Haven and Hartford there was an In
| crease of s per cent. In the gross earn
| ings and an increase of per cent
| in the operating account These three
4 reports, issued yesterday, are not diff
! ferent from many others now avail
able. There is no doubt about the fact
that the volume of freight and pas
senger traffic is going forward in d
4 remarkable way. but coincident with
that is the higher cost of running 9
railroad.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
IN PLACE
AT FAIR GROUNDS
Everything in Shape for Opening
Big Show Next Mon
day.

Practically everything is in shape
for the opening of the Virginia State
Fair on Monday. Many excellent ex-
ilbits have been installed, others are
on the way, and by Tomorrow night
the officers will announce that the first
visitors will be able to see complete
show.
grounds yesterday. First considera-
ton was given the exhibits, and they
were put in place as rapidly as they
Were received. On the Midway prepa-
rations were being made for the va
rious attractions, and the place will
be like circus preliminaftes on sun
day afternoon. Most folk. of course,
Will be provided, bu- they hope for the
best and count on the success of the
| fair without worrying about rain.
| Tomorrow at ! o'clock. Broad ana
| Twenty fifth Street cars will begin to
run through to the grounds, and be-
| ginning Monday morning, the Broad
/ and Main Street cars. the Broad and
line from Ninth and Broad Streets
| will be placed in commission for
4 State Fair duty.
| A large force of men have been Mt
/ work on the track leading from Broad
| Street to the Fair Grounds, and it has
| been placed in perfect condition.
4 The cars to the fair will start at
1 O'clock every morning and the ser.
4 vice continued throughout the day. .Ex-
ira cars will be put on to handle the
1 crowds in accordance to the demand.
4 Prospects for series of fine races
4 are excellent. Some OF the best hors 81
in the country aA entered, and every
! available stall used last year, togetheV
with every stall in the new stables
tuilt this year, are engaged.
4 Among those who will start horse!
4 In the harness. trotting and pacing
classes are Z. r. Hall, Washington. D
c.; ". v. Shipley, Cobb's Creek, Va.
4 c. r.. Bunch, Pleasanton, CAL; Edg
4 Hill Stock Farm, Shawsville, Va; w
i j. Daugherty. Newport News; A. II
4 Tyson, Wilmington, Del; Frank Natty
mond, Va; Charles p. Schmidt, Rich
mond, Va; Montezuma Farm. Rich
II mond, Va: w. Newson, Richmond. Va.
n L.. K. Kelly, Greenville, S. c.; Wiltol
J Stock Farm, Have de Grace, Md; Fl
G. Nelson. Jr., Manchester; Griebel
and Dasker, Cleveland. o.; p
Moran, silkworth. Pa; H. r. Tysor
Newark. Del; Roll J.. Brawley; Fran
Moore, Clarksburg, w. Va; j. s. Greer
, Marysville Pa; S. Boswell. Portsmouth
Blake & Dixon, Mathews. Va; B.
; Buckley, Southport, Connie. p. Wenti
!, Scranton, Pa; G. g. Gaines, Richmond
|, Va: II. L, Wilson. Clarksburg, w. Va
+ Theo. Allen, East Downington, Pa
C, w. Hazel, Chismont, Pa; !,
0 A. Reave, Richmond, Va; NJ Clarl
Q Richmond. Va; Dick Lawrence, Bostol
$ Mass; r. w. Richards Denton, Ind
I. J.. Coffin, Richmond Va.;V. Turne
Il Richmond, Va; Dick Wilson; A. +
: Hobbs, Port Norfolk, Va; M. H. Whit
Z Kentford, n. CT; John II, Ackerna
{ Patterson, N, ].
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
The Corporation Commission has issued

The Corporation Commission has issued
the following charters:
McGraw- Yarbrough Company uncorpo-
rated). Richmond. j. Il. McGraw, president:
S. It. Beveridge, vice-president; w T. Var
brcugh, secretary and treasurer--all OF Rich
,nond. Capital: Maximum, $4,000; nlini-
mum, $4,000. Objects: Dealers in timers
and plumbers supplies, wholesale and re-
tall 4 ~ -
Swiss Novelty Company -uncorporated>,
Norfolk. Emil Schaff. president H. Benno
secretary and treasurer; Joseph Bennoy gen
eral managerial Of Norfolk. Capital: Max
nr. $1,000; minimu 17.,s 5000: oo'ects;
The Baylor Company ~ incorporated
Roanoke A. II. Baylor. president; l.: c,
Young, vice-president: G. B. Baylor, secre-
tnry and treasurer--all of Roanoke. Capt.
tai Maximum. $4,000; minimum, $1,000.
Objects. Retail dry goods business
w N. Mc4Ange Company dncorporated.
Suffolk. ". n. McAnge, president: j. l.
Minstead, secretary and treasurer; J. U.
Burgcs-all of suffolk. Capital: Maximum,
SIS 900; minimum, $1,000. Objects: oyster
planting.
vile. w. A. Holland, president; ]. M. Rob-
lnspn yice-president; C. g. Holland, secre-
tary and treasurcr-all of Danville. Capital
Meximum, 100000 minimum, .34V.Voo- Op'
| Nicely Compress and Cotton Company Gn-
corrorated). Richmond. j. II. Marion, presi.
| dent, Chester. S. c.; j. B. Westbrook
". p. Desaussure, secretary and treasurer
beth of Richmond. Capital: Maximum
| 81, 600, 900: minimum. 100000. Objects Cot,
| ton compress patents. etc.
] The Suffolk Herald Corporation, Suffolk
w. j. Hendricks president; u e. Holladay
secretary and treasurer; Z. D. Holland
| ali Of Suffolk. Capital: Maximum, sao
| 900 minimum, $4,000. Objects: Publish
Roanoke Notion Company (Incorporatedo
| Roanoke. w. C. Fields. president. Mouth o
! Wilson, Va: w. r. Hardin. yice-president
/ r. II. Hacker. secretary and treasurer
lboth of Roanoke Capital: Maximum, 500,
| Oe0. minimum, $4,000. Objects: Whole
/ sale and retail merchandise.
! Roanoke Furniture Company Gncorpo
! rated) Roanoke r.. r. ellis. president; j
j j. Speer, vice-president; G. NJ. Wigington
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
Coo. to Queen ana Crescent.

w. S. Andrews formerly division SUI
perintendent of the Southern Railway
at Alexandria and at Greensboro. N. c..
has been appointed general superin-
tendent of transportation OF the Queen
and Crescent, otherwise known as the
Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas
Pacific Railway Company. His head
quarters are Cincinnati. He Will re-
port to the general manager, the office
Of assistant to general manager hav-
ing been abolished. Horace Baker
for many years with the Southern as
district superintendent is general man
ager of the Queen and Crescent, and
not a few Of his old associates have
secured employment under him in the
West
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
ADJUSTMENTS
Academy of Music-'rile Riyals.o
BijOu-"Mr. Pipp.'
MISUNDERSTANDING Afnk.

Joseph Jefferson and his brother,
William Winter Jefferson, will head
the cast that will produce THE Rivals
at the Academy tomorrow. matinee
and night. and will be accompanied by
the picked cast of artists that have
been in the support of many OF the
foremost stars OF to-day. The "Jeffer-
son Boys" company includes Theodore
Hamilton, Leopold Lane. Richard Lyle
Roger Burllham, Blanche Bender, Ro-
berta Brennan and Loretta Wells
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
pullman to Quit Texa..

Travel without Pullman accommoda-
tions is burden which most people
desire to side-step, especially II they
are able to pay the rates. Since the
Hepburn law went into effect efforts
have been made to induce the Inter-
state Commerce Commission to reduce
charges in number of Instances. In
Texas, however, the Pullman Company
may withdraw from the State as a
result Of the custer suit filed by the
Attorney General. Being accustomed
to rough life. the Texans may be able
to stand it, although 1t will be rather
hard upon others running through.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
EXPERT TESTIMONY HIGH
Doctors Who Testified In Thnw Case
Ask S:3,OS: Pay.

Doctors Who Testified In Thaw Case
Ask S:3,Os: Fay.
NEW YORK, October 3.-Some of
the bills incurred in the Thaw case by
the county have been presented to
up as result OF a report made by
the bureau of law and adjustment OF
the controllers office. which considers
that some charges made by the medical
experts are excessive. The amount Of
the bills in dispute foots up to $23,0S2.
There has been paid out already S3,957.
The bills of the doctors. which the
controller has. are as follows. DR..
Carlos r. Macdonald $4,000; DR.. Austin
Flint, $5.31b; DIR. William Mnbon, $3,-
8S7 DR.. Robert c. Ee-.<, s3.102; DR..
A. r. Diefendorf. s2,297: DR.. William B.
Pritchard, 5000; Dr. Albert w. Ferris,
s545; DIR. r. A. Witthaus, $3.50: DR.. Au-
gust Hoch, $135; DIR. William Hirsch,
f605. Jeremiah Mahoney, head of the
bureau, says that the doctors put in
very little time on the case except that
which they spent in the courtroom.
They were not allowed to examine
1haw in his CELL, The report recom-
mends that Drs Macdonald. Mabon
md Kemp be paid in full, not because
the charges were reasonable, but be-
cause they had been paid in former
cases on the same basis, and the city
would have no defense in court were
an attempt made to cut down their
bills and they brought suit. The re-
port recommends in the cases OF the
pthers, most of whom charged at the
hos greatly reduced,
! i .si '4a4 1 ~ -
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
DOwkef-Parker.

Miss Julia T. Parker, Of Richmond.
Va. formerly OF Murfreesboro, N. c.,
and Dr.. John Wesley Bowker, of Haley
Vile, N. j., were married in the parlors
of the parsonage OF the First Baptist
Church. Norfolk, Va, September 21st
by Calvin S. Blackwell, D. D. Miss
Parker had been making Richmond her
home about two years, and was de-
servedly popular. DR.. Bowker was q
student in the Virginia College Of Med
icine here. and graduated last June
They will be at home after October 10TH
at Haleyville. N. j.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
THE DOCTORS TITLE.
Does Not Allow Him To Escape from
His ArdMOun Duties.

His Arduous Duties.
Every now and then discussion,
sometimes not unattended with bitter
ness, breaks out In reference to the
, correct styles and titles which should
be applied to various groups OF medi-
cal practitioners says the London
1 Does q certain qualification entitle
man to call himself hysician? TO
meet the position 1t has been suggest
ed that professional recognition shall
be extended to the proposal to apply
the term doctor to every qualified
medical practitioner, This, Of course,
excites opposition in certain quarters
and as an alternative 1t is now pro-
posed that all medical practitioners
shall be content with the term Mr.
Personally, we think there Is much to
be said for this view. 1t has Its paral-
lei in the practice of the legal Esnfss.
sion. 1t avoids disputes. and IT satisfes
the demands OF courtesy.
Further. 1t allows medical practi.
toner to escape In his periods of re-
Taxation from the atmosphere OF hi.
technical work. Why should the lnedi
cal man not be allowed TO take hi,
holiday or to attend a dinner part.
free from the announcement OF hi
daily professional activities2
L 'tMs 81. 5f---.----v----------
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
To Meet in Richmond.

The annual meeting OF the Chesa-
,peake and Ohio Railroad stockholders
will be held in Richmond on October
22d, at which time directors will be
elected. There has been more or less
talk about the probable action to be
taken then, although there is nothing
definite to be learned. The stock trans
fer books will be closed at the Office
of j. p. Morgan e. Company, in New
York, Monday, to remain closed until
October 23d.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
Notices sent Out,

Secretary j. N. Brenaman, of the State
Democratic Committee, sent out notices yes
tertay to tho members to attend a meeting
In parlor No. /, Murphys Hotel. next Thurs
day night at o'clock. The meeting is
called to take up the contest over the
House nomination for the district composed
Of the counties Of Fluvanna and Goochland.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
a. beth Ahabah.

Regular Sabbath services begin at Beth
Ahabah Temple, on West Franklin Street on
Friday evening at and on Saturday MORN
int. at 1o:45 O'Clock. Rabbi r.. N Calisch
will preach this week on Friday evening on
"rhe Average Man." and on Saturday morn
Ing on "The sacredness of Lfe.' The pub
lis lc welcome at all services.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1907-10-04
Postal Matters.

Especial to The Times Dlspatch.)
WASHINGTON, D. C.. October 81
Virginia postmasters appointed-Ves-
tai. Washington county William II.
Miller, vice g. B. Vestal resigned; East
End, Fairfax county. George 81. Upper
man. vice G. G. Walters. resigned.
Rural carriers appointed for North
Carolina routes-Bryson City, route l.
Dock S. Grant, carrier; Garfield Pen
land, substitute. Gastonia, route 4
Walter L. McArver. carrier; Robert
Jackson substitute.