davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1907-01-02
OF CARBON

For use in all granaries to kill weevil, to dc
stroy rats and gophers and to keep insects
from the seed, etc.
20 CENTS PER POUND,
Put up in FIVE and ten pound cans rit-
teen cents extra for the cans
e. o. PAINTER K CO., jacksonville
The independent., 1907-03-07
STARVATION IN RUSSIA.

America sustains by voluntary sub
scrlption, organizations for the pre-
vention of cruelty to animals and chill
dren. The Russian peasant Lives like
the cattle in the fields and the only
difference is that the cattle sometimes
get enough to eat and they drink
water" There is the other difference,
that When a peasant dies his loss is
not matter of rubles as when the
cattle die. SO while Russia exports
bread to the rest of Europe the peas
ants in over twenty Russian provinces
have been in a state of acute starva-
tion-chronic starvation is the rule
since last September A million are
now in the shadow of death. We can
not quite say of Russia as some say
of the cattlemen on the ranges whose
cattle starve and freeze for lack of
care in time of severe weather, the
loss is theirs, let them bear it," AL
though he is as dull and immovable
as q clod, with religion "a strange
mixture of 50 per cent superstition and
5 per cent christianity" his ideal of
happiness a fill of vodka and his
measure of success his skill
in cheating his landlord, he is a
man. His child, if not himself, given
half a chance, would doubtless make
as good a man as we think ourselves
to be- If it is true that no man can
be perfect SO long as one man is i'm
perfect we would serve ourselves by
taking and giving a hand in this mat
ter What Americans do for the dis
tressed Of less favored peoples and
countries and less favoring govern
ments is an infallibe measure of their
appreciation of their own more for
tunate circumstances.
The independent., 1907-03-07
FOUND THE JOKER.

A man hired himself to husk corn
at 3 cents bushel. To save measur-
ing the corn every day it was agreed
to measure it each day for 1.-The first
week, and take the average amount
husked that week for each days work
in the future. The man husked all
week, and not caring to go to church
husked also on Sunday. His employer,
pious man. came on Monday morn
ing to figure up the average days
work. Six days is a week work he
said. There had been husked 504
bushels so an average days work is
one-sixth of this, or S3 bushels, being
$2.49 a day. -Four weeks later, the
work being completed the husller,
having worked every Su--day put in
his bill for 35 days work at $249 a
day. After he had taken his money
and gone the farmer figured out that
there had been husled 1920 bushels Of
corn at cost of $S7.15, rate of al
most three and half cents a bushel
He does not see yet how he was
worked for that extra half cent, but
then he has not been at it as long
as Uncle Sam. 1t took Uncle Sam
forty years to find that he was being
worked by the same sort of mathe-
matics in paying the railroads for car
rying the mail. One of Mr. Cortel-
you's last official acts was to decree
that to find one-seventh of a number
it must be divided by seven, not by
six. The saving by the change should
be one-seventh of about $4,000, 900
about half the annual postal deficit.
The independent., 1907-03-07

house and the impending parcels post
already give him more concern than
he likes TO feed, no doubt foresees still
more Of his patrons vending to the
cities to do their heavy trading. Mer-
chants of the Missouri valley once pro-
tested to the interstate commerce COM
mission against the low rates being
made by the railroads into Chicago.
Another effect may be a lessening in
terest in purely local affairs. An Aus
tralian radical once asserted that Aus
traiia would never be a nation till the
cable was cut. He thought the people
We're paying too much attention to out
side matters. The housewife who
Sads about is conventionally supposed
TO be a poor housekeeper A rolling
stone gathers no moss. But per contra
sitting hen never gets fat and
travel, in. the younger sort, is part
of education; in the elder part Of ex-
perience"
The independent., 1907-03-07
A NEW CURRENCY BILL.

IL is not to be assumed that the
currency reform SO much talked about
Tor several years past is in any inn
portant degree achieved in the Aldrich
currency bill which congress passed in
It's last hours. Currency reform as it
has been agitated involves some
method of securing elasticity of the
money supply. The Aldrich bill is re-
garded as makeshift. 1T merely pro-
vides for issuing gold certificates of
minimum OF ten dollars, twenty nav
ing been .the minimum before, and for
The issuing of small government notes.
The bill permits all revenues to be de-
posted in national banks, where be-
1ore customs receipts could not be de-
posted. This is change in letter with
no corresponding change in effect The
most interesting change made by this
new law is the raising of the amount
of bank circulation that can be retired
In any one month from $4,000, 900 to $9,-
0OO,OO0 This limit was established tC
prevent artificial stringency by con-
spiracy of the banks. Because Of pub
lie suspicion when efforts have been
made to remove or raise the limit, all
former efforts to make change have
failed.
The independent., 1907-03-07
MEETING PLACE OF BIRDS.

Everybody knows and appreciates
the robin " redbreast Were sensitive
he would perhaps make inquiry as TO
what extent he is loved for himself
alone. and TO what extent because he
happens 10 bc the harbinger of Aprng
but In any event he can not be de-
niod the rank of most popular of birds
He Is, In fact. about the only bird
known of everybody. and in this we fail
10 seize a special opportunity.
In a recent lecture I'm Boston Pro-
fessor Chapman, perhaps the best
known American ornithologist. spoke
Of Nebraska ms one of the rich spots
of the earth for bird lovers. There
are in Nebraska. he said. about 400
species of birds, about one-t third Of
the whole list for North America. {"
The overlapping ~ the climates in
Nebraska, which makes II greatly
diversified state In agriculture ac-
counts for the numerous varieties ~
birds fonnd Aers ono reason. said
Professor Chapman. lis the creeping
west Of eastern species since the con-
The independent., 1907-03-07
COMMON SENSE

Leads most Intelligent people to use only
med3lnes OF known composition. There
fore It is thaa Or. Pierce's medicines, the
makef-<o q which print every Ingredient
entering hso them upon the bottle wrap
pers and attest its correctness under oath,
are daily ~grSYing in favor. The COM
position OF flPierce's medicines is open
to everybodyvDr. Pierce being desirous
Of having the Seaach -llGht Of inyestIga:
ton turned fully upon his formula, being
confident that The better The c0mpogItIon
oI fhesa- medicines IS known the more
will their great curaffye merits be recog.
nized. Being wholly made Of the active
medicinal principles extracted from ma
tive forest roots, by exact processes
original with DR.. Pierce, and without the
use Of drop of alcohol triple-reflned and
chemically pure glycerine being used in
stead in extracting and preserving the
curative virtues residing in the roots
employed, these medicines are entirely
free from the objection of doing harm
by creating an appetite for either al
coholic beverages or habit forming
drugs. Examine the formula on their
bottle wrappers-the same as sworn to by
DIR. Pierce, and you will find that his
"Golden Medical Discovery" the great,
blood purifier, stomach tonic and bowel
regulator-the medicine which, while not
recommended to cure consumption in its
advanced stages (no medicine will do that)
yet does cure all those catarrhal condi-
tions of head and throat, weak stomach,
torpid liver and bronchial troubles, weak
lungs and hang-on-coughs, which, if neg
lected or badly treated lead up to and
finally terminate in consumption.
Take the Golden Medical Discovery
i'l time and it is not likely to disappoGnt
you if only you give it a thorough and
fair trial. Don't expect miracles. 1t
won't do supernatural things You must
exercise your patience and persevere in its
use for a reasonable length Of time to get
its full benefits. The ingredients of which
DR.. Pierce's medicines are composed have
the unqualified endorsement of scores of
medical leaders-bctter than any amount
OF lay, or non-professional. testimonials.
They are not given away to be expert
mented with but arc sold by all dealers in
medicines at reasonable prices.
The independent., 1907-03-07
NEBaAsISA's AID TO RAILROADS.

To while away the waiting for the
railroad managers to decide whether
or not to give the two-cent fare a
trial, the Nebraska taxpayer may
profitably turn to the history OF his
state.
In 1879 one Harrison Johnson wrote
a history of Nebraska, two of the most
interesting chapters of which are de-
voted to railroads and to public lands.
The Union Pacific and the Burlington
were then as now the leading roads of
the state. The author notes concerning
the governments part in building the
Union Pacific that "The act also au-
thofized land donation of 1885, 200
acres to be located on each side of the
line. Subsequent legislation also pro-
vided subsidy to aid in building the
line, to the extent Of $4,000 per mile
between the Missouri river and the
base of the Rocky mountains From
the chapter on public lands we learn
that the Nebraska lands given the road
amounted to 1926, AGO acres, Of which
100000 acres remained unsold in 1879,
lying in the following counties:
The independent., 1907-03-07

ditions have become favorable 10
them. So we may yet hear the whip
poor-Will as far west as the Salt or
even the Blue Another reason for the
great number of varieties of birds in
Nebraska is ''the coming east of west
ern Species and still another "that
the state gradually rises from less
tnan one thousand feet altitude G. the
river to more than five as it nears the
FOOTHILLS of the Rockies" Not all the
400 varieties of birds in Nebraska are
10 be found in one spot, no more than
are all the varieties of plants, but
enough can be found in any locality
70 give room for an ample increase in
The bird repertoire" of most of u.s.
That at present includes with too
many of us nothing much but the
robin and the snow bird
The independent., 1907-03-07
Counties Acres.

The st. Joseph & Grand Island road,
now an adjunct to the Union Pacific,
then called the ST. Joseph & Denver,
furnishes an interesting three pages
Of Mr.. Johnsons history. This line was
capitalized at $10,000,000. The people
along the line bonded themselves for
$l025,OO0 to help in it's building. The
full cost of the line as far as Hastings
was trifle over five million dollars.
The line was mortgaged for more than
four millions, and the stockholders,
now the widows and orphans" who,
according to the railroad spokesmen,
risked their all in the development of
the west, invested The monstrous sum
Of $1,400 in the road. For ten million
dollars par value of stock and the con-
troll of liz miles of railroad in Nebras-
ka and half as much more in Kansas
they paid the price of twenty acres Of
good Nebraska land.
The independent., 1907-03-07

demned the author of the slim picking
for land grabbers left by the secre-
tarys S unkindly crusade.
His activity has not been confined
to public land questions, however. The
interior department covers tremend-
GUS range of interests. The territories,
including Porto Rico, Alaska, and Ha-
Waii. are under the eye of this depart
ment. Pensions, Indian affairs, pat
ents, the census, the general land
office, irrigation, education, all have
their appropriate bureaus in the in
terror department. 1t was as guardian
OF the Indian that the secretary col
lided With Standard oil last year over
the question of Indian oil land leases
Strangely enough it was not the sec
retary who had to be carried away
on a stretcher 1t was as protector of
the forest supply of the country that
he incurred the recent displeasure of
the senate by withdrawing certain IN
dian territory lands from allotment
pending congressional provision for
forest reserve.
Secretary Hitchcock has in truth
shown genius for making trouble
On this account his withdrawal from
the cabinet will be welcomed by many;
but by the great majority of people,
those who want only what they can
earn, the sturdy old fighter against
graft quits public life plastered with
hero medals from head to foot
The independent., 1907-03-07

During the past year timber to the
value of $4,000 has been given by the
government from the forest reserves
to the settlers in the vicinity. The
manner in which this free use" privi-
lege is administered is typical of the
management of forests when once they
have passed under control of the gov
ernment. Dead and down timber that
otherwise would be a menace in pro-
noting fires is first given to the set
tiers. If they need green timber the for
est rangers select such trees as inter-
fere with the growth Of better trees
and permit them to be removed Thus
the settlers are amply provided and
the forest becomes stronger and more
valuable through the process. Where
these regulations do not prevail it is
the habit of the settlers as we'll as the
lumber companies to butcher the tim
Der without regard to its real value or
the necessity of keeping it in place as
a protection to water courses.
The independent., 1907-03-07

Suppose the two-cent fare 10 go into
effect everywhere east OF the Rockies.
and to remain AT two cents as IL is
sure 90 do II once fairly tried, would
there be any marked political, com
mercial or social cffect2 Without
doubt Ia would hasten the disappear
anee of sueh traces OF sectionalism as
yet remain in the country. Note the
more sympathetic attitude toward the
south aud her treatment of the race
problem shown by the northerners who
have visited the south Ia increasing
numbers Ia late years The two cent
fare viii stimulate travel, and travel
Involves an osmusla ~ sentiment be-
tween sections The village merchant
whose trouolea with the mail order
The independent., 1907-03-07

Secretary of the Interior Hitcheo *
will retire on Monday after few days
more than eight years Of strenuous
service. TO a large and influential
portion of some communities he has
been the bitterest disappointment ever
In cabinet life. Coming into political
notice through his ability as n cam
paign fnancier In 1896. and made ann
bassador to Russia In recognition of
that service, he entered the Interior de-
partment In 1899 giving mo- warning
of the trouble he was to start. With
his principal cccentricitiea the public
has been familiar in connection with
ie0 indictments. 50 convictions and no
acgusttals for land frauds. involving
10 several notable Instances men OF
high standing and great influence. His
pffenHes ON this score received the
aiTing they deserved N congress re-
Gently, when numerous members from
the land fraud states angrlly con-
The independent., 1907-03-07

England will await the outcome of
the approaching Hague conference be-
fore deciding upon any more Warships.
The outcome of the Hague conference
referred to is the decision with regard
to the limitation of armaments. Great
Britain, Japan and the United States
have expressed themselves in favor of
taking up the matter at the conference
with a view to finding way to stop
the present race to spend money in
war preparations. France is also fav
orable. but lacks independence owing
to her situation with respect to Ger
many. Germany is out and out op
posed to any interference with her
present dreams of empire and Austria
and Italy are likely to agree with any
thing that Germany may say. Russia
would probably go with the majority.
The smaller nations are practically
unanimous for restriction of arma-
ments From this tentative lne-up
of the nations it can be seen that no
certainty exists that the question can
be taken up at all. In that case, bar
ring interference by world sentiment
of world tax payers all will have to
stay in the game of buying guns until
bankruptcy forces them out one by
one, giving the final victory and suZ-
erainty of the world to the land of last
exhausted resources.
The independent., 1907-03-07

AS far back as 1879 the Burlington,
then with only 443 miles of road in the
state, had been receiving good treat
ment at the hands of the public. To
help build what now passes for it's
main line, the line from Plattsmouth
TO Kearney, the government made the
company a gift of 23S2,20S acres of
land, and the state donated $4,000
acres. BY annexing the Omaha &
Southwestern road, the two piece line
now supposed to pay the taxes on the
Omaha terminals, the company fell
heir to 10000 good acres more. The
line from Nebraska City to Seward
was helped out with 10O,3S4 acres. AL
together the Burlington had received
2,532 322 acres of public land situated
in Adams, Clay Cass, Franklin, Fill
more, Gage, Hamilton, Jefferson Kear-
ney, Lancaster, Otoe Saline Seward
Saunders, Webster, York, Antelope
Boone, Cedar, Dixon, Dakota, Greeley
Howard, Madison, Platte, Pierce, Sher-
man, Valley and Wayne counties. The
average price received for Burlington
lands in 1878 was $5.11 an acre, at
which rate the public land endowment
Of these parts OF what is now the
Burlington system would have netted
over ten million dollars. The grants of
land to other railroads were much
smaller in amount.
The independent., 1907-03-07

TO bring the Johnson history down to
date the cash subsidies to railroads of
Nebraska counties, townships and cities
remains to be noted. All told the peo-
pie of Nebraska acting by counties,
by cities or by townships have up to
the present time bonded themselves in
the sum of S5,40S,00O for the building
of railroads. Probably two-thirds Of
this sum remains yet to be paid and
is now drawing interest. Many thous-
ands of Nebraska people have for two
and half years past been paying
taxes to pay for railroad property on
which the railroad beneiiciaries were
refusing so much as TO pay the taxes.
The independent., 1907-03-07
F~-PATENTS that ECT-7
Our New BOOK PAT IEkI SENSE Mailed Without Charge
n:S.& 4; .LACEY. Washington DC. Estab. 1869.

WOOD, J. c., G. CO., successors to
Soullup &c Wood. Expert cleaners
and dyers. 1920 N St. Lincoln, Neb.,
Phones: Auto 1892 Bell 147 Mail
order work carefully attended to.
Evening journal., 1907-09-13
TARIFF INvEsTIeATING.

n HAT tariff revision sentiment will be heark-
4 ened to is evidenced by the activity of the
special commission recently appointed by Secre-
tary Of the Treasury Cortelyou to investigate GER
tain phases OF the customs question abroad
James b. REYNOLDS, one of the highest depart
ment officials, will be chairman Of the commits
sion, which will sail from New York for Europe
next Tuesday The tour Of the commission is
expected to last until early in November. The
commission is composed OF experts, who will ex-
anime the conditions governing export market
values and declarations to invoices in England.
France and Germany,
The recent concessions granted German export
ers involving this question and which have been
criticized by stand pat members OF Congress as
tariff revision by indirection will be examined as
they involve other questions which the secretary
regards as of great importance The Manufac-
tureTs' Association has been loud in its demands
fer proper revision Of the tariff, and the govern
ment proposes to be we'll informed when
the actual revision Of the tariff sched-
ulss begins. To be sure some of the
old-timers, like Grosvenor and Cannon, are
opposed 70 any change in the tariff, but the SEN
t'pept expressed in serpe Of the State platforms
81 the Republicans and heard on all sides from
Fanufacturers and commercial bodies is too
strong to be ignored.
Evening journal., 1907-09-13

and possibly the purchase by the government o.
the private dock and yard at Hunters Point and
the plant Of one Of the two shipbuilding COM
panies-either the Union Iron Works, at San
Francisco, or the plant of Moran Brothers, at
Seattle. Such long voyage, for the most part in
warm tropical waters, would necessitate the dock
ing of each OF the sixteen batleships and six tor
pedo boats for the scraping and cleaning alone
and 1t would be surprising if half Of the vessels,
in that length of time on a continual cruise were
not in need OF certain minor repairs, upon reach
ing the Pacific coast To dock all these vessels
in the three available docks, with an average OF
two weeks in dock for each batteship would re-
quire several months, it is pointed out, whereas
# has been announced that the fleet i'll begin the
journey within month or two at the latest.
Evening journal., 1907-09-13
Friday, September I3, 1907.
CONCENTRATION OF WEALTH.

nj r. HASTINGS, in his "reminiscences,
\ 4 shows that he is a student of eco
Monies. Probably he has observed the concen-
tration of wealth in the hands Of a few that has
been going on in this country. The real concen-
tration of wealth in America since the period be-
fore the Civil War, Of which Mr.. Hastings is
writing so entertainingly, is amazing.
This subject of the concentration of wealth is
adfficult one to nvestate, but some Of the pains
taking economists have studied it. The late Pro-
fessor Charles B, Spahr estimated that in 1891
one per cent of the population Of the United
States then owned 6fty-one per cent of the wealth
Of the country. George X Holmes, of the United
States Census Department basing his estimate
upon analysis Of the census returns in 1890, fig
ured that three one bundredths Of one per cent
(think Of IT'D then owned twenty per cent. of
wealth of the nation
The late Senator ingalls, estimated that $1,000
persons at that time. owned 6fty-six per cent. of
the wealth.
Henry Laurens Call, in. an address delivered
before the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science at Columbia University, de-
elared, after citing these figures, 'Net the merest
glance viii show that so far from remaining sta
f'-ielyt tiS NNtf ittllpll LIDS llpSSSuSN
with vastly accelerated pace during the last sew
enteen years
Marx and Engels the old-time Socialist leaders,
predicted years ago that this concentration Of
wealth would come, that it was inevitable, inher-
ent in the present methods OF production itsels
from which there is no escape Aud the present
movement headed by President Roosevelt, is like
that Of a strong man trying to free himself from
ietters that shackle him. Time alone will tell
whether the concentration of wealth the swal-
lowing Of the little FISH by the big ones, is inevi-
table We do not believe that it is.
Evening journal., 1907-09-13
TO HONOR Mr.. RAY
ElIs Will Tender Him Complimentary
Dinner in Philadelphia on Even.
ing Of septsmber 1s.

Chester P. Ray Of Philadelphia,
chairman of the executive committee
of the Philadelphia B. P. o. e., will
be given dinner at the Hotel Ma
jestic, Philadelphia, on the evening OF
September 19 in recognition of his
services to the order in so successfully
managing the recent Ellrs Convention
From the widespread interest which
has been created 1t is likely that this
affair WIN be one Of the best ATTENDED
functions of its Kind ever given in
Philadelphia.
II is expected that most of the large
business interests Of the city, as well
as the State government and the Grand
Lodge Of the order will be well rep
resented at the dinner. Governor
Stuart, Mayor Reyburn and John X
Tener, Grand Exalted Ruler of the
order have already decided to attend
Congressman ]. Hampton Moore will
preside and addresses will be made by
a number of prominent citizens.
Evening journal., 1907-09-13
THE woRKHousE AFFAIR.

A CCORDING to one of the papers the trus-
tees Of the county workhouse say that
their meetings have always been open to the pub
lie. There is a conflict of opinion this point
which can be easily solved by the trustees open
ing their meetings in the future. Testimony Of
reporters is that the meetings have been held be-
hind closed doors and that admission has been
refused. However it viii soon develop whether
the sessions are to be public or not
There also. seems to be a disagreement about
Mr. Meserve and his relations to the workhouse
Ii is to be hoped that the trustees will make e
thorough investigation, and that the whole mat
ter will be satisfactorily explained