The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-09-30

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hurled With lncr~flbls force and yelostty.
~, 's H.. m n. ss.d Ss~s vas ss.,sn.S 70 ,Ss%
vas ar extremely small fraction ~ shat ve
had been aeesstomsd up. 70 that tune 70 ~.
gard as the mess of an atom. OF the sma'les'
This led 10 the pTcmulss,ton ~ Inc electrcn
...em. ,hsm.s,s.s yer. compo1ndsd 81 ever
80 many smaller primitive sterns. snd thst
tho latter are the real bssts ~ all matter The
! Nv oiiv.r Lodge and numbsrlees other inves-
naators and we see In u to-day the begin
Ming % an sn,irely new foundation for me
in passing that tho crowned English phyri-
ci.t lord Kelvin has r-cently opposed this
IL vas At the nnh International Congress
for Applied Chemistry IN Berlin, N tsos.
that sar William Crooke. the reai FOUNDER
nounce for the FIRST time ON record ths' the
radioactive elements are nothing but Gle
d,,'os ~ dissoiu,.oa into original or primi.
The rlsments Of the greatest atomic weights
are the OD~s that become radioactive and
particles 81 the electrons. which We ray
This material thus thrown Oh has been called
by rutherford -msnstion In rsdiosctivny.
What was required 10 make he anaiogy
to cosmogenetic phenomena compiets was
the direct observ alton Of the aggregation
OF the particles Of he mani alton correspond
OF smaller atomic weights. This lacking
element of the series Il, is 10 which the later
nvesti gallons Of Sir William Ramsay .sisfs:
found thai the ~ III atiou from radiun grad
uslIv changes 20 heiUm. This observation.
which attracted immense ali sntion AZ the
tame and which In coniuno,ion with. Ram
SAYS previous In vesilgatiOns In this domain
gained for him ths Nobel e, nsi1s; s sso,. us nrs q.
| pounded AZ TO the origin OF heium.
Heiiun in all probability does no, originally
exist at all in cieveite aud It's other sources
from which IL csn ne produced: but the radio
active elements therein contained give out
const IN, enianaaions. and these change grad
Nv lie ascIomcratlon of the electrons Of
which the emsnst,on is composed. 10 hehum
free. This explains the source Of the energy
ri ven on so oonssAntly from rsdlum prepara-
nons. which seemed 10 incomDrenens'ole IN
The observations Of Ramsay ON the forms-
| ton Of helium have been verified by .innn-
m ne %..nti%. RAMSAY has discovered that
the emsnation does not always aggregate to
helium. In the presence Of ws,sr ne lorna,
| OF the change, and the resuiiing gas 10 mostly
neon. And IL Instead Of water a saturated
Formed The orisin OF all the inactive ale
| ments must therefore be considered a. sails
'AI sas IN. !. not e"s I'll. tn. energy Sc, free by
| PARTICLES Of the emsnation shows itseif. when
besides the production Of heat. IL has long
been known that the glass Of vessels in which
radium preparations are preserved under
goes a radical alteration. becoming coiored
brown or blue, which In ascribed TO an loni-
zstion separation iuto ions or slectronsl q the
constituents of The glass. But when RAM
IN Y offered solutions Of copper aa'ts Tor the
emanatiOns 10 act on. and thus prepared
srgon. the action Of the energy liberated
was exeried on the copper present, This
was spit up into it's primitive constituents.
and as the resulting elect rons grouped them
selves anew q new constituent appeared In
the solution. which Ramsay was able 10 nnd
and identity by speCtroscopic means, This
newly formed product was lthium. besides
| which were found sodium and calcium.
| But since the two last named elements are
exceptionally widely distribute Cd. and are.
moreover. constituents Of the glass ycssels
IN which the experim~nts had TO he conducted.
| Ramsay does not dare 10 assert that these
| metals were newly formed out Of The emana-
| ton, But a. far ms the hihium In concerned.
on th~ other hand. this appears to have been
the case. because this metal IN 40 extremely
rara that an accidental occurrence Of ~ In
this experiment could hardly have been
possible.
Nv the very latest experiments ~ Ramsay
II has apparently been show that not only
can the inaCilye cletnentM he built uD out Of