The Glenwood post., 1907-06-15

rewards of foresight so great, SO GER
tain and SO easily foretold. Yet hith.
erto, as a nation, we have tended to
live with an eye single to the present,
and have permitted the reckless waste
and destruction of much of our natural
wealth.
Conservation Of Natural Desources.
1.-The conservation of our natural re-
sources and their proper use consti-
tute the fundamental problem which
underlies almost every other problem
of our national life. Unless we main
tain an adequate material basis for
our civilization we cannot maintain
the institutions in which We take so
great and so just pride: and to
waste and destroy our natural re-
sources means to undermine this ma
terial basis.
During the last five years efforts
have been made in several new direc-
tions in the government service to get
our people to look ahead, to exercise
foresight, and to substitute a planned
and orderly development of our re-
sources in the place of a haphazard
striving for immediate profit. The ef-
fort has been made through several
Iagencies.
In 1902 the reclamation service be-
gan to develop the larger opportunities
of the western half of our country for
irrigation. Tie work includes all the
states from the great plains through
the Rocky mountains to the Pacific
slope. 1t has been conducted with the
clear and definite purpose of using the
valuable water resources of the public
land for the greatest good for the
greatest number in the long run: in
other words for the purpose of putting
upon the land permanent homescekers
who will use and develop it for them
selves and for their children and chill
drens children. There has been oppo.
sition, of course. to the work of this
reclamation service; for we have been
obliged to antagonize certain men
whose interest it was to exhaust for
their own temporary personal profit
natural resources which ought to be
developed through use, so as to be con
served for the permanent common ad-
vantage of the people as a whole.
But there will be no halt in the
work of preserving the waters which
head in the Rocky mountain region so
as to make them of most use to the
people as whole: for the policy is es-
sential to our national welfare.
THE public lands of the United
States should be utilized in similar
fashion. Our present public lands laws
were passed when there was vast
surplus Of vacant public land. The
chief desire was to secure settlers
thereon, and comparatively slight al
tention was paid as to exactly how the
lands We're disposed of in detail. In
consequence, lax execution of The laws
became the rule both in the land Of
flee and in the public mind, and land
frauds were common and little noted.
| This was especially true when a Sys-
TEN originally designed for the fertile
and well-watered regions of the Mid
die West was applied to the dryer re-
gions of the great plains and to the
mountains and the Pacific coast. In
these regions the system lent itself TO
fraud, and much land passed out OF the
hands of the government without pass
ing into he hands of the homemaker.
The Department of the Interior and
the Department of Justice joined In
prosecuting the offenders against the
law; but both the law and its admins
tration were defective and needed TO
be changed.
Three years ago the public lands
commission was appointed to scrutl
nize the law and the facts and to rec
ommend "a remedy. Their examination
specifically showed the existence oi
great frauds upon the public domain,
and their recommendations for
changes IN the law were made with the
design of conserving the natural re
sources of every part of the public land
by putting it to its best use. Attention
of settlement by the passage of great
areas of public lands into the hands OF
a few men and to the enormous waste
caused by unrestricted grazing on the
open range; n system of using the nat
ural forage on the public domain which
amounts to putting a premium on its
destruction.
Commission Sound.
THE recommendations of the public
LANDS commission were sound, for they
were especially in the interest of the
actual homemaker: and where the
small home. maker could not utilize the
land, it was provided that the govern
ment should keep control of it so that
it could not be monopolized by a few
wealthy men. Congress has not yet
acted upon these recommendations, eX-
cept for the repeal of the inquitous
lieu-and law. But the recommends
tons are so just and proper so essen
tial to our national welfare, that l be-
lieve they will surely ultimately be
adopted.
In 1891 Congress authorized the
President to create national forests in
the public domain. These forest re-
serves remained for a long time in
| Lob, 81 hn
which had no men properly trained in
forestry. But another department, that
of agriculture, possessed trained men,
In 6ther words, the government forests
were without foresters and the govern
foresters were without forests. Waste
of effort and waste of forests newt.
ably followed. Finally the situation
was ended in 1905 by the creation OF
the United States forest service, which
has stopped the waste, conserved the
resources of the national forests, and