davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14

under the most ordinary conditions.
The very distinct and snowy Hydran-
gea paniculata s4fords us only white
blooms AMI demands liberal treatment
III good appearance is to be maintain
ed There is room for both In every
farm dooryard, and. while the Rose Of
Sharon Is an old favorite. there are
charming new varieties that well mer
1t attention. One Of the really good
new kinds is shown In the cut. 1t in
cataiogued rs Crested Beauty and is
characteristic of superior type of
double lowered varieties. having the
supernumcrary petals arranged In
crested form I'm the middle OF the
bloom Crested Beauty Is good grow
er and very profuse bloomer. even
when quite small The large flowers
are pure white. with rich crimson
"eye" or base and snow white crest
1t blooms throughout August and Sep
tembcr and. being quite sterile. is not
exhausted by profiiSe Towering like
varieties that seed freely. There is Il
companion variety, soft pink with pink
crest and crimson eye 1t is nertori-
0ns. but not as snowy as Crested Beau
ty.--I:uraI New Yorker
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14
Story of the Wonderful De-
velopment in Electric
Traction During the
Past Twenty
Years.
passing CT STEAM TRACTION
Gra:imai elimination of Distance
through the Development or
the Eleciric locomotive
Chicago to New
York in Ten
Hours.

During the summer of 1887. there
atpeatad III the New York sun the
following facetions news item:
They tried an electric ear on
Fourth avenue yesterday. 1t created
an amount Of surprise and cousterna-
tion from Third st. to One Hundred
and Seventeenth st. that was some
Thing . like that caused by the first
steamboat on the Hudson Small boys
yelled dynamite" and rats and
made similar appreciative remarks un
til they We're hoarse. Newly-appointed
policemen debated arrestng it. but
went no further The car horses
which were met on the other track
kicked without exception, as was
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14
-arpaH3Ass;ss. so
RUTHHs lCMERsl
).~csss 1NSzaSs
APPLE TREES.
strong Jrunks 0f Great Axe Ia ths
Eastern states.

strong Trunks ut Great Age Ia the
Eastern states.
Apple trees in the eastern states vii.
In many instances live fifty To hun
dred years. Ia the western and north.
western states they rarely live half as
long. In the east they grow great and
strong, producing trunks that are from
twelve 10 twcnty-four inches In diam.
eter. In the west they are conllmra
lively dwarfed. seldom producing
trunks more than half the above size
The thought naturally arises why it Is
thus. What makes the differences!
Reasons For Differences.
Among the reasons for these differ
ences the following are probably cor
rect: First. the soils do not furnish the
elements of growth in the tree in eau
librium As completes rs In the east. see
ond. the season for growth is little
shorter in the northwestern states
third. the extreme cold of winter. II
may be. has a sort of dwarting effect
upon the growth of trees as all trees
tend to grow relatively shorter in these
states, There may be other explanaa
lions that answer the question raised
better, but il so | have not heard them
Young Trees md Old Ones.
1t Is clear however. that orchards
are more short lived In the northwest
than in the east. I'm the very nature ot
things this must follow. This means
that the necessity is greater for having
young trees coming on to take the
place Of the older ones that die. In
this way the farmer may easily keep
M an ample supply for home use from
generation to generation.
prcventives ~ Sun ScaId.
The liability to sun scald tends ~
shorten the duration OF the life Of ap.
pie orchards in HE northwest, where
the bark is thus killed which In usually
on the sunny side o. the tree. m ele
ment of decay heing introduced which
Is adverse to long life in the same. Sun
scald is produced by the warm sun in
early spring starting the flow of sap
while hard freezing at night still lin
gers. Surrounding the trunk with a
wooden shield. as of thin elm wood.
tying cornstalks stood upright around
it and heading the tops low are among
the preventives used - Orange Judd
Farmer.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14

This change was not accomplished
without opposition. aiscouraRement
and financial difficulties. Mr.. Spragus
hin self. who was so potent factor III
working this change has told the story
of his first important contract. In the
spring of 1887. the Union Passenger
Railway company Of Richmond. Va,
enga ged him to build an electric rail-
way The first car was run ont one
night while the skeptical people slept,
to make sure ii could climb the hills.
1t started out in blaze Of glory ana
ANONYMOUSLY was towed back again
bv four big mules. But Sprague per-
sisted until on Feb. ., 1888, In
drilling rain. the road opened for
business.
From that time forward the future
of electric ralroading was assured ana
events moved rapidly. City after city
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14

Then the United States congress be-
came Interested. BY special grants
Professor Page of Smithsonian insti-
tute was aided IN the construction Of
several forms of motors. One Of them
was used az locomotive and. driven
by battery Of one hundred Grove
elements, was tried Apri! % 1851, OH
q railroad rnniing from Washington
to Bladensburg. A speed Of nineteen
miles an honr was developed. so great
that ii destroyed the batteries.
Numerous other experiments fol-
lowed, all commercial failures because
tue motors We're crude and the source
Of power primary battery. The de-
velopment of the wonderful modern
dynamo was necessary before electric
railroading could become a commercial
success. The first great step was in
1870. when an Italian named Pacinot-
II invented continuous current dv-
namo Three years later the first
practical enml1hrcial machine for con-
tinuous cnrreRt operation was made
by tiramme.
Still the modern electric car was I'M
possible. The 'reyersibility or func-
tfon'' had vet to be discovered. invol-
wing electrical transmission of energy
through two machines. one driven by
power and generating eiectricity. the
other reversing the operation, receiy-
ing electricity and developing me.
cnanical power
Like many other important tiiscov
cries. this Is said to have been the re-
1plt Qf accident 4 workman coupled
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14

About this time stephen d. Field
and Thomas Edison in the United
states began experimenting. In 1896
Edison was operating at MenlO Park
two cars
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14

adopted the new motive power. horse
cars became things of the past: In
terurban roads began to gridfron the
country everywhere. and in each in
stance commercial success was
scored. Electric internrban lines have
been money makers from. the start.
The greatest development has been
in the east: but the west In not far
behind The Aurora, Elgin and Chi
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14

natural. over an invention which
threatens to relegate them to a sausage
factory
ago Today the New York Central
Railroad Company is exoending 800
000.000 in the liberalization of the first
thirty five miles of It's system, and the
car horses We're long ago relegated to
tine boneyard. ii not to the sausage
factory
They" have done marvellous things
since the increasing knowledge of
electricity opened up new world Of
achievement. and we have scarcely
crossea-the Threshold In 1880 the cleo
tric car was a dream in 1890 an ex-
pertinent; in 1900. a great and wonder
full fact which is revolutioniZing pas
senger transportation and will enable
human beings to move from place to
place twice as fast rs they do ut pres
ent.
Born in Old Vermont.
When in 1894 Thomas Davenport, OF
Brandon. VT. ran toy motor mounted
OH wheels on a small circular railway,
the modern electric railroad with it's
possible speed of over one hundred
miles an hour was born
In 1898 Robert Davidson. of Aher-
deem. Scotland, built an electric loco
motive which actually reached n speed
of four miles an hour on the Edin-
burgh Glasgow railway. Nine years
later Professor Moses~G. Farmer on
Grated an experimental car which car
ried two passengers ut Dover, New
Hampshire
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14

machine to live circuit by mis-.
take and was greatly astonished tn saa
1t begin TO rotate This reyersihi,itv
o. function was publicly demonstrated
for the first time at the Vienna exno.
sition in 1873
Nor until 1870 was the first electric
railway put in operation. taking tbe
current from dynamo. using a mo-.
ern motor and carving messengers
1hls novelty was i'm operation At m.
Berlin exposition and was mile and
two-thirds, in length The train con-
sisted of small locomotive aud three
small ears, capable of CARRYING twap.
ty people. 1t reached a speed OF eight
miles an hour.
About this time stephen d. Field
and Thomas Edison in the United
States began experimenting. In 1896
Edison was operating at Menlo Park
an electric locomotive which pulled
two ears
The First Electric Railroad.
The first regular electric line to be
established was at Lichterfelde, Ger
many, near Berlin. 1t was only nile
and q half in length and opened for
traffic in May 1881. The trains car
ried tweitysix passengers, at 3 maxi
mum speed of thirty miles an hour.
The first electric car to be operated
regularly in the United States was in
stalled by Deft on the Hamden branch
OF the Baltimore Union Passenger
Railway III August, 1885. That
WAS barely twenty years ago So
great as the skepticism Of the public
and railway men generally that the con
tract under which the road was built
Withheld payment one year so that 1t
might be determined whether the cars
would run. mo one but knave or
fool would undertake such 4 thing
said Il well known scientist mt the
time. Scientists sometimes have trouble
Keeping up with the procession. About
the same time small cars Were oper-
nted by Van Derpoele at South BEND,
Ind, followed by other small roads In
Windsor. Canada: Appleton. Wis; Port
Huron. Mich: Scranton, Pa, and
Montgomery. Ala In the autumn OF
1854 Frank l.. Sp"ague. whose name
is inseparably connected with electric
traction. began to attract attention
with his motors.
Twenty Years of Achievements.
AT the beginning Of 1887 there were
in the whole world less than sixty
miles of electric railroad track, and
only about one hundred motors and
motor Gags. In 1905 there We're nearly
thirty thousand miles of electric track
in the United States alone,
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14

8tates, HaItINOFs, I"HB
my opinion II is an entirely feasible
scheme from the commercial point Of
view
AT any rate. the world seems on
thu eve Of great things, ana no scien-
tist dares say today MS was said TWEEN
ty years ago. n man 10 u knmve or a
fool The attitude Of the American
public ii one Of faith ana expectancy.
best expressed by recent remark OF
an old lady in her last sickness:
II don't want to die she said. Il
want to see what they are going to
do"
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1907-02-14
HARDY HIBISCUS.
A Good New Kind That II Very
profuse RloOmer.

Notwithstanding the immense popu
larity of the large panicled hardy NY
drangea, il asked to name the most
desirable late blooming hardy shrub
we should unhesitatingly recommend
the Rose of Sharon Hibiscus syria
cus,, as II may he had ia great variety
of color and will grow and bloom well
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14
The Caserta Camellia Tree.

In the days of it's glory the palace at
Caserta of the king of Naples had
among its features a so called English
garden, made in 1882 by order of Marie
Caroline of Austria. 1t was bright with
flowers and wonderful rare oriental
plants and trees, so that 1t was re-
nowned throughout the world, but the
crown and glory Of all consisted in
camellia tree, a plant then unknown
In Europe. The seeds were collected
as though fakes of gold, and the queen
used to give them and cuttings of this
camellia as presents to her friends,
These cuttings were most highly priced,
and thus it has become a European
flower, so much SO that the exporta-
ton of camellias is an extensive indus
try in central Italy, and in Germany
there are vast fields of them. In it's
palmy days the Caserta plant had eight
branches, the largest of which was
twelve inches in diameter, the whole
being thirty feet high. This mother
plant was in a flourishing condition up
to few years ago, but lately the gor-
geous garden has been allowed to fall
Into decay, and with it the glorious
camellia.-Pall Mall Gazette.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14
BIBLE BRILLIANTS.

said in my haste, All men are liars.
Psalm cxvi, II.
Give We ear, and hear my voice;
harken, and hear my speech.
xviii, %.
Go, stand and speak in ythe temple to
the people all the words this life
Acts v, 20. 81
And We also shall bear witness, because
We have been with me from the begin
ning.-John XIV, q.
Then shall the righteous shine forth
as the sun in the kingdom of their
Father Matthew xiii, 43.
Oh that men would praise the Lord
for his goodness, and for his wonderful
works to the children of men.-Psalm
evil, 81.
For all things are for your sakes, that
the abundant grace might through the
thanksgiving of many rebound to the
glory Of God.-II. Corinthians iv, Is.
For mine eyes have seen thy saliva
ton, which thou hast prepared before
the face OF all people; light to tighten
the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people
1srael.-Luke ii, 1912.
In that day shall the Lord of hosts be
for crown of glory, and for diadem
OF beauty, unto the residue of his peo-
pie, and for a spirit of Judgment to him
that sittethin judgment, and for strength
to them that turn the battle to the gate.
Isaiah xviii, 5, 6.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14
FEEDING SWINE.
Clean Food Required to Produce
Good Meat.

Clean Food Required to Produce
Good Meat.
The main expense in raising swine is
their feed, and it is the duty of the
feeder to get the most out of it that he
possibly can Some farmers make q
mistake in throwing feed to their hogs
and letting them take care of it. When
hogs are fed in this way they do not
receive the full benefit of the feed, for
portion of it is wasted. We must re-
member that one days poor feeding
will more than counterbalance two
days Of good feeding.
Regularity in feeding swine is of very
great Importance, though some are
slow in realizing this fact. The diges-
tive systems of animals adapt them
selves to receive food at certain times.
and if the food is not given at the ex-
pected time the animal is worried
thereby. This results in loss of one
kind or another. Frequently the food,
being late, is taken in too large quaint
ties or too hurriedly for the best good
Of the animal. For this reason it is to
our advantage, as well as the hogs, to
make it rule to feed him at exactly
the same time each day.
We must be careful what we feed
Any old thing that no other animal will
look at IS not good enough for hog
feed. Wescannot expect good meat I'M
less clean food is used. Some farmers,
no doubt, congratulate themselves that
they have all the corn their hogs will
consume and that there is no better
feed. They will start the hogs excll-
sively on corn at the commencement of
the fattenlng period, using no care not
to give them too much of it, and finally
the result is that the appetite and di.
gestion of the hogs are injured. and
they are given backset that they will
not readily overcome. Corn should be
fed In small quantities at first, gradrl-
ally increasing the amount as the hogs
stomachs become stronger until they
are on full feed, says a writer in Farm
Press. Better results are produced by
feeding corn in relatively small quanti-
ties III conjunction with mill foods.
alfalfa and clover hay and such fools
as turnips, artichokes, etc.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14

A very talented and well known
writer-successful, too, in the popular
estimation-tells me: II know q man
who spent fifteen years. leisure in get
ting the material for his best book and
writing it over three times, then offer
ed it to almost every publisher in
America, meeting with refusal by all,
and finally sold it to London pub
Usher for ESQ, had it republished in
America some years afterward, got a
few dollars before the publishers fail
ed and as his last royalty received
just 2 cents, which was exactly 10 per
cent of the last sum due him. am
the man, but | don't publish the fact
nor feel inclined to brag about it nor
to complain, for that would be useless
and would only cheaper my wares in
the literary market. The book paid
me, by accurate calculation, 3311a cents
a week for the fifteen years work.
Papyrus
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14
Care of Poultry.

The hens do not suffer so much for
green food when the weather is nice
and there is no snow on the ground.
They eat the grass and seem to relish
1t though it is dead and brown At
this season we give the spacked ap-
pies at sorting time to the hens.
We find that place for hens to
scratch pays for itself in one winter
In the fowls health and in eggs. It
won't do to allow the hens to huddle
in one corner half dead if it's healthy
fowls and eggs we're after. The litter
that accumulates where the hay is
thrown on the barn floor makes the
best kind of scratching material. The
hens search out the fine seeds and eat
every clover leaf.
We are learning the value Of bran
as hen food. In their soft food for
breakfast we use bran as basis. It
gives bulk. 1t is one of the desirable
feeds that are not too expensive with
eggs at present prices. An experienced
poultry breeder says bran is a good
regulator Of the system, and | know.
II other conditions are right, the feed
ing of bran largely will increase the
egg yield-H. NJ. w. in Ohio Farmer.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14
Double Cropping.

Double Cropping.
Two or even three crops of truck or
field crops are often satisfactorily
grown in the season, but the practice
Of economizing by planting a double
crop is not to be recommended, says
southern farmer In American Agricul-
turist.
We tried planting early corn between
spring set strawberry plants, and after
seeing the plants not next the corn
start and grow vigorously, while those
in the corn row looked small and weak.
we cut the stalks away and gave the
strawberry bed to the sunlight and cul-
tivator.
Some time ago we set ten acre or
chard of apple and peach trees. Our
adjoining neighbor did the same He
planted field corn among his trees. We
planted whippoorwill cowpeas and cul-
tivated in rows both ways twice, then
let them cover the ground Our or
chard was strong and healthy in
growth, while our neighbours looked
sickly and small from the shading of
the tall corn and it's voracious appetite.
The only permissible thing in young
orchards is hoed truck crop or the
cultivable legumes, and even for the
old orchard the double cropping should
be abandoned unless good dressing
of stable manure is often used. have
never found any crop so good for the
purpose as cowpeas and peanuts plant
ed SO they can be cultivated
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14
ICE pLow.

double walled. lice kept pretty well
last year simply packed closely and
covered with sawdust l borrowed a
saw. The pillow was homemade and is
plenty good enough for farm use. The
teeth are from old chisels or files bent
and sharpened by the blacksmith, and
clamped with bolts between two thir-
ty inch 2 by inch beams. The gauge
piece is another thirty inch beam 4 by
3 inches and shod with a piece of three
eighths by two and a half inch iron of
the same length This iron runs in
the previous groove and regulates the
width of the cut and size of the cakes.
The gauge piece is connected with the
other part by iron braces twenty inches
long and an iron crosspiece about TWEEN
ty-five inches long, says writer in
American Cultivator The handles OF
the plow are from an old land pillow.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14
ReddinR the stock.

To go out IN the morning and find
your hog troughs full of snow and
their drinking fountains frozen up,
your milk cows bumped up in one cor
ner of the yard and the calves that
never saw snow before bawling, the
chickens and turkeys stuck in the snow
bank, the old pump frozen up, etc, how
happy it makes you feel! 1t doesn't
take long, however. for the thrifty man
to get things in shape and everything
comfortable There is nothing that
helps to usher in the winter pleasantly
so much as plenty of straw for sheds,
ey in keeping everything bedded well,
says writer in Iowa Homestead.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1907-02-14
Birds Have Fayorite Plant..

Like man, birds have their favorite
plants. It has been discovered that the
goldfinch is passionately fond of apple
blossom. This may be because its ia
vorite building site is in the lichen
covered forks of apple trees, but apart
from such attachment the bright little
finch frequently spends hours tearing
the petals into tiny fragments. Though
the nightingale never builds in the
thorn boughs, it loves to sing on may
laden branches, often in the very midst
of the fragrant blossoms. It is some
what peculiar that most birds avoid
the COW parsnip, owing, no doubt, to the
unpleasant greenisll smell emitted by
this umbelliferous plant. Small birds
very often build in less secure places,
but the parsnip, gigantic and strong as
it is, is left severely alone.-London
Opinion.