davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22
usually take advantage of excur-

usually take advantage of excur-
sions when the fare Is excessively
low. Who then benefits? The
local traveller whose fare perhaps
amounts to fifty cents. This is
the fare that makes an excursion
rate possible; and itaverages about
| two and one half cents mile.
How will your ,two.cent law
affect the comfort of travel? 1t
will result in the withdrawal of the
luxurious cars; it means the taking
off of all fast trains that the speed
crazy public demands, for they
will be too costly to operate; 1t
means that the "local" train will
have to go, for not one in ten west
of Chicago pays operating ex.
penses. And, worst Of all, it means
the decay of roadbed and track,
for there is no need of "fast
track" for freight trains. You
must also take into consideration
that the track has to be replaced
every so often. The life of a pine
tie is five years, and that of a steel
rail twenty years.
The newspapers claim that most
of the railroads are overcapitalized.
[ do not believe that fifteen per
cent of the roads are overcapital-
lied, for this reason: Every state
has railroad engineer whose duty
it is to make true valuation of
the property that is to be bonded.
If there is outstanding stock
against this value, the state does
not permit the road to issue another
dollars worth of stock.
Some fifteen or twenty years ago
the different Southern and Western
states offered the railroads a bonus
of sixteen sections of land for every
mile of track built. This land at
the time was hundreds of miles
from civilization and worthless
until railroad facilities entered
that section. Now that the roads
have built to this land it has be-
come very valuable, and simply
because the railroads have issued
stock against it, the public cries
overcapitalization. Before bring
this paper to close l will express
my opinion upon the future govern
ment of railroads. They must be
taken out of state hands and placed
under the control of not more
than four men, say one from the
North, South, East, and West, and
they should be elected by the
people. Engineers, I believe, would
be good men to elect to these po-
sitions, for they understand the
cost of operation and main
tenance. E. III. T.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22

often die as the result of a fight.
Then after the carcass Is frozen
other muskrats will eat part of it
if other food is scarce. A lot more
might be said about animal homi-
eide, but I guess this is enough
for this time. DICK.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22

-.
and 7 believe wolves and foxes
since the females nearly all hide
their dens from the males-wlth
others too numerousto mention, all
belong to this group. Should a
member of the human family COM
nit the capital offense common to
either of these groups, his fellow
men would think seriously OF
Iynching him. Next, come the
animals that live peaceably with
their mates and young; but the
males will challenge any other
male of his species whenever they
meet. The higher apes, some OF
the ruminants, wild horses and
several species of birds are exam
Piles of this group. l think, how
ever, it is the exception rather
than the rule, that they kill one
another in these combats.
Then we have the animals that
kill their fellows in pure jealousy.
These animals are mostly solitary
in their habits except in the breed
ing season when the males will
engage in mortal combat, not, as 1t
appears, for possession OF the fe-
males; for bull moose will answer
the call of another bull when no
COWS are near. A great many
other animals, such as certain
members of the cat family will do
the same. The order of these last
two groups should be reversed,
since the latter would be the greater
crime if it were to occur with men.
There is another group l will
mention before bringing this ar
tlcle to close, j. g., those who kill
and eat adults of their own species.
With few exceptions this is con-
fined to carnivorousa animals. There
are few cannibal insects; and
fishes afewspecies willeatany fish
smaller than themselves whether
it is full grown or minnow. Any
animal higher in the scale of ex-
istence than the reptiles-except
man-wilI not, 1 believe, commit
cannibalism unless driven to it by
extreme hunger. Some, | am in
formed, will kill or eat the crippled
or intirm members of the species.
Wolves will eat their own species
when ravenously hungry-w which
they always are-if the victim is
wounded so that the others smell
it's blood. In fact, wolves never
live peaceably together. They
often hunt in packs, but they gnarl
over the game they have hunted
down, and often snap at one another
for no apparent reason when they
are collectingfor the chase. Musk
rats are herbivorous, but during q
cold winter when they have to
find their food above the ice they
will fight over food; and, as they
have such long, sharp teeth, they
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22
Paper Read Before the Cha,auuquo Circle.


ton; even the socialists who
believe call men are created equal,
are not enthused to any great ex-
tent with this idea. Altho the
bone and brain of the country are
not interested in this new idea, is
no reason why it's evils should not
be shown. To put the ownership
of railroads in the hands of the
political forces Of the country, to
commence the destruction of indi.
viduaIism, would finally end in a
government y.force Of arms: The
route of our future would be as
plainly marked as the historical
pathways of those republics that
have gone before.
In the discussion of this ques-
ton there are no comparisons to
point to as demonstrating the
practicability of government
ownership. Europe does not fur
nish any lessons of real value, for,
while there are government rail-
roads in some of the countries,
conditions are 80 different from
those in this country that a rational
comparison cannot be made. In
the first place, European govern
ments did not purchase or build
railroads because they had not the
power of control over them, nor
because of any theory that the
railroads could be operated to
better advantage for the people, or
make lower rates in transportation.
On the contrary, the ownership
and control is held as a means of
national defense and to prevent
entanglements with foreign govern
ments in financial matters affect
ing the means of military transit.
This may be readily understood
when it is remembered that the
principal governments of Europe
operate banks, as the Bank of
England, Bank of France, etc.
These governments do a general
banking business in the securities
of all nations.
In Europe where many govern
ments exist, where feuds of long
standing lie smouldering, where
the constant aim of the people is
to secure balance Of power in the
perfection of their armed forces,
what could be more important than
that the military transit between
advantageous points be absolutely
in the hands of the government?
No one will for a moment claim
that similar condition exists in
the United States. In Europe
aforementioned roads are more
a question of military necessity
than of commercial needs.
If this government is to adopt a
policy of ownership of railroads
because some European country
has, we must assume to adopt it
for the same reason; namely, mill
tary necessity. We cannot follow
their policy and assign as reason
cheaper rates and better service,
for it is we'll known that our rates
are cheaper than those IN Europe
and our service far superior.
Sweeping aside, however, all such
objections to government owner
ship policy, there yet remains one
bar to it's adoption in America.
This bar is the future building of
railroads to give it's rapidly grow
ing commerce and population
adequate transportation facilities.
Even now we find our commerce
has expanded to such an enormous
extent in the past five years that
railroads are unable to handle
freight with any degree of prompt
ness. During last years crop sea-
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22

6umo VI uOuOy udSO OOOu CPCAS
in betterments in recent years, but
without improving the situation.
There is an emphatic demand for
more railroads, more inland water
ways. and more and better post
roads so that the manufacturers
and farmers can get their wares
into the markets of the world.
We End no such congestion in
Europe. Their railroad facilities
per square mile OF productive area
are vastly greater than ours, and
are supplemented by great systems
of improved post roads and inland
waterways, enabling the handling
of products with greater prompt
ness and less cost. We will admit
that we could pay twelve billions
of dollars-as ascertained by the
government-for our railroads; we
can admit that we could allow the
political authorities to control
them, also to control the million
and a half people who operate
them; we can admit that we can
allow the authorities of one Sec
ton to control transportation as it
controls the tariff, harbor and in
land waterways, but can we admit
that we could permit one section
to say where railroad facilities
may be increased when the very
existence of the people of every
section of the country depends on
railroads? We cannot sacrifice
one section for the benefit of the
other.
Indisputable figures show that
the West and South are far be-
hind the East in transportation
facilities. North of the Ohio
River and east of the Mississippi
there are 4O8,673 square miles of
land area and u ,122 miles ofsingle-
track railroad, or one mile of road
to each five and one-half square
miles of land area. East of the
Mississippi River, both north and
south of the Ohio, there are
SOO,453 square miles of land area
and 1OG,25S miles of single-track
road, or one mile of road to each
seven and one-half miles of land
area. West of the Mississippi
River there are 2,267,777 square
miles of land area and only 1O7, 646
miles of single track, or one mile
Of road to each twenty square
miles of land area. These statis-
tics were taken from the RAILROAD
Age" and can be relied upon.
In the future it will be abso-
lately necessary to have west of
the Mississippi the same transpor-
tation facilities that are now in
use east of that river. In the next
two generations we must add to
the West and South as many miles
of road as there are in the whole
country. Is there sane man in
this circle who believes the govern
ment will build them? The length
of this paper will not allow full
discussion of the two-cent fare
law, but In as few words as posi-
bic l will try and show you that
this so-called law is more a detri-
ment than a blessing to the people
of this country.
First, we cannot point to the
East and say: They have it, why
not us. The reason is that the
roads east of Chicago haul fifty
people to one that the roads west
of Chicago carry. Again, the cost
of labor and maintenance is cheaper
in the East than it is in the West.
There was time fifteen or twenty
years ago when railroad could be
called a monopoly; it cannot now,
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22

"This isn't the first time you have
come in contact with the police?'
mo sir"
"What, may / ask, was the
reason OF your former encounter?"
II woke him. He had gone to
sleep on his beat" Elk.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22
Synonyms--T Their Use.
Taken from q. r. Graham's book on
English Synonyms"
InsutedanteLy-Iuskautly.

An act is performed instantly
when no time is allowed to elapse
before we set about it; it is per-
formed anznsediately when no occu-
patton is allowed to Intervene be-
tween the present act and the one
proposed. To do thing instantly.
we leave our occupation. TO do a
thing Immediately, we may finish
what we have in hand before COM
.mencing what is required Of
us. What is done instantly is done
sooner than what is done immedi-
ately. One who is writing letter
may promise to go somewhere i'm
mediately, and yet not go until
he has finished his letter; but he
must not begin anything else before
he goes. One who is writing and
promises to 60 instantly, must
leave off writing and go at once.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22
Subs1dy-Tubu1e.

Both these words signify sum
agreed to be paid by one nation to
another; but they differ in the
following circumstances. A SUBJ
sidy is voluntary; tribute is ex-
acted. A subsidy is paid to meet
an exigency; a tribute is paid in
acknowledgment of subsection. A
subsidy is paid to an ally; q trib-
ute is paid to a conqueror.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1907-08-22
To AM0zV-T0 Permit.


To allozO consents tacitly to per-
mt consents formally. The former
has negative meaning; it is merely
not to forbid; the latter is positive;
it signifies to grant leave. We
are allowed to do what no one in
terferes with us for doing; we are
permitted to do what we obtain
leave to do. An action for which
it is not necessary to ask permits
sion is allowed; to permit implies
the granting of a request. School
boys are allowed certain space
for their sports or exercise; but if
they wish to 60 beyond the limits
of that space, they must ask leave
in order to be permitted do Sc.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-10-20
THE N L 0
l BOOK HERR N
The Conversion Of the One Actual
Chaf4ns-D ish-P -Kimono
Girl Student.

Fifteen years ago the college girl In
hooks was the grind who wors spsctacles
and heelless shoes and dug Crock roofs.
Well. she Just doesn't exist. Nowadays che
college girl Of fiction poses round In Q pink
teagown and spends an her spare time
making fudge; never studies but always
comes out all right.
That's the way she is In stories. but you'll
never find her in real life. Though Nv
known hundreds Of college girls, I mover
ret but ono Of that kind. and she didn't
last. at that.
For three years she was the type. She
had the most fetching kimonos and brewod
'oa At all hours and fudge in between.
She avoided all study by taking only tho
courses notorious as a What's moro.
she PASSED her examinations.
The chatting dish pink tea type in real
life usually 6unks and consequently has to
change her state Of mind or leave college.
BIT Bert always passed with flying colora,
~ we knew she was the tr,ie heroine Of
college fiction. At least h was heroine
tor three years and then WA converted.
As for the conversion. Kste-she was my
roommats-laysit t. thspowsrofthsprs pres.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-10-20
what do you mean2" here Kate grew

-what do you mean3" here Kate grew
Haven't the girls told you about my
little stunt? One day Miss Watts was talk
ever had any. ! remembered what you
said about color alphabets, and just for
the fun Of IL I told her that I always saw tho
letter w In bright green.
She was awfully interested and wrote Il
down in her little memorandum book.
Since then I've been inventing now and OK
citing obeossions every day for the last
sPve hunted one up for almost every girl
in the olaS. They tell them to her and she
listens most attentively and takes copious
notes. The GLASS 10 quite excited TO zee how
long We can fool her"
Kate gazed with oondemning eye. Der
tina BradieylU Youlought to be ashamed Of
yourself, deoeiving a poor trustful soul"
An everlasting idiot. The woman ought
to be grateful. Why. through my efforts
that class has been made popular for tho
first time since she came here. Not . single
girl has out q recitation since ! began my
But Kate shook her head d~isapprovingly,
and We left the junior delving after new and
rare varieties OF mental quirks for the men,
bers of the psychology class to present to
their guileless instructor as their " e1-
II was lust before commencement when
one day the Junior burst into our room.
grasping . newspaper.
Kate, for heavens sake. look at thisl' she
cried.
the headlines quickly: College girls
mentally unbalanced; 90 per cent, Of studsnts
by IS College,
.Why. Bert, tho nsvspapsr's orazy7e
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-10-20

She early became identified with the
Republican party and stumped the State
for years. She was one of the California
delegates to the National Bar Association
meeting at the Worlds Fair, Chicago,
and organized the Portia Law Club, at that
time the only women's law club in the
world. She makes a speciality Of corpora
ton law.
is Msrilla VI. Kicker. Admitted to the
bar In Warrington in May, 1882, shs has
made q speciality OF criminal cases. h
10 a singularly striking looking woman,
tall, mannish, commanding, with iron
gray hair. Withal, she is motherly, gentle,
sympathetic, kind.
II 10 related of her that after tn e lawyer
opposing her had made a two hour speech
she addressed the court in these words:
Your Honor and gentlemen Of the jury,
/ follow the example Of the learned counsel
on the other side and submit the case with
out argument"
The jury laughed while the Court. sup
pressing . smile, ordered a nolle pros. in
her favor.
She sits at meat with publicans and
sinners; and gamblers and thieves, big
ara nttte, call neT Marllld, anu DOOJDihckn
follow her and cry. Let me carry your
satchel. Marilla; cost you nothing"
Years ago Mrs. Kicker went to England
with a letter of introduction from Chief
Justice Chase to the Chief Justice Of Eng
land. She was the first woman who eve
sat with an English Chief Justice on the
bench.
A woman Of wealth, Mrs. Ricker's life
has been devoted to the defence Of poor
women. Most of her clients ave been
women, and much Of her work has been to
collect debts due working women.
She has argued for equal rights for half
a century. She was an abolitionist with
John Brown and Wendell Phillips and
stood aide by side with Frederick Douglass
when to do so was to invite insult.
She has raised her voice in behalf OF
children in mills, mines and factories.
She has been a personal friend OF every
President since Lincoln, and every man
OF prominence in Washington in the last
half century has been her friend.
Mrs.. Myra Bradwell, h until her death
was founder and editor of the Legal News
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-10-20

Fascinating repeated the irresponsible
junior. scornfully. Then as Kate showed
signs of returning to her beloved James,
What are you reading about now2" asked
Color a~lphabets," Kate replied. 1T
tells how some people hear sounds In color.
oh. you don't stuff me. I'm not quite
Really. Don't you see. their hearing
t nss' for sigh sight. 500 90 they hs hear .rt :oa INC ' IN ooi orr:
Just like a telephone. Csntral's made
the wrong .oonnection.' shs mused. Docs
every n have wires orossedp'
.oh; 70, said Kate but some do. Nov
mot on your lifel' cried tho junior. I'm
at wouldn't mean that you were crazy.
just some people get-well. mixed In the
The frivolous junior seemed unusually
interested. whats the name Of the book?
William James. I'll have to tackle him
some day"
There was a tone in Bert's voice that
meant mischief. but Kate did not notice Il
and smiled a happy missionary, smile.
II was not until a month later that the
harvest OF a hundredfold began to appear.
We happened to meet our junior friend
in the library reading William James on
.How's the psychp' inquired my room
Fine: 70 ipcndsd Bert. I'm taking an
active interest"
~, The stadiSss Kate e., :m nile vssGRprovinsly.
ITS a good deal OF work. Bert went on,
owe IL to the general good to proceed with
my self -appointed task. Be Of service to
others. you knew.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1907-10-20

Of Chicago, was q native OF Manchester.
W. She was the first woman In the United
states who applied for admission to the
bar, her application being denied because
she was a married woman. She practised
but little after starting the Neps, and her
husband. Judge James b.. Bradwell. re-
tired from the bench to assist her.
Mrs. Frances Maria Brainard OHM,
who 10 practising law in Chadron, Neb.,
was admitted to United States Supreme
Court practice in 1892 on motion of William
Jennings Bryan.
The most remarkable family OF women
lawyers in the United States il that Of
Mrs. Kate Pier and her three daughters.
Mrs. Pier is the widow Of Col. c. X. Pier,
the first white boy born in Wisconsin m
a business man Of Milwaukee, where his
widow and daughters now live.
Mrs. Pier. as executrix Of her mothers
estate. became 80 interested in the legal
aspects Of the business OF real estate that
she determined to take up law. With her
eldest daughter. Kate Hamilton Pier. abe
entered the law department Of the Uni
versity of Wisconsin. and mother and
daughter completed in n year q course
which occupies two for the majority Of
matrculates.
Both Mrs. Pier and her daughter were
admitted to practice in 1887. Mis- Pier
was admitted to practice before the United
States Supreme Court In 1904 upon the
motion Of senator William F. Wlas. and
her mother and sisters were admitted later
on her motion.
Mics Kate Pier 10 now the wife Of James
A. Mcintosh Of the Arm Of Mcintosh Bros,
railroad contractors. She no longer prao-
tises law.
Mrs. Caroline Hamilton Pier Roemer ia
the wife of John H. Roemer. a Milwaukee
attorney. and has made a speciality Of adj
miralty and marine law
Mrs. Harriet Hamilton Pier Simonds.
the wife of Charles G. Simonds. an electrical
engineer with the General Electric Com
pany OF Schenectady. is the youngest OF
h sisters. h has specialized in real
estate law. In addition. she has had much
experience in and about the pine forests
Of northern Wisconsin and has had actual
personal charge and management OF large
tracts OF timber land.
Mrs. Ellen Spencer Mussey is the only
woman dean Of a college of law in this
country. She Ia dean Of the Washington
College Of Law. intended primarily for
women.
Mrs. Mussey received her leNal education
in her husbands Office and was admitted
to practice in 1893. She is the daughter
of Plat R. Spencer. the author Of Spencerian
writing.
Mrs. Catherine Waugh McCulloch of
Evanston. ILL.,. has been practising law for
twenty years. Last spring Evanston's
Jtatica NJ the paaco ratirad and Mr. Mc(t,l-
loch's friends urged her to enter the race.
She won Overwhelmingly over her opponent.
by business. q plumber.
Mrs. Victoria Conkling Whitney 10 the
only woman who can practise before the
Court of Appeals in Missouri. In. 1900
she removed to New York and was admitted
to practice before The Supreme Court on
motion Of former Supreme Court Justice
Roger A. Pryor.
Miss Florence King is the only woman