Durango semi-weekly herald., 1907-06-20

Oue-lentn OIL pint. Mculcdi men III
tribute the apparent deterioration OF
the British race to this, among other
causes, chief of which Is the high
consumption Of gin, beer and other
liquors. The working classes OF Lon
don drink more liquor than milk and
the gin and beer habit prevails more
generally among the women OF Lon
don and other OF the large cities OF |
England than in any other country in |
the world.
There are 4.102,00O milch COWS in |
the United Kingdom OF Great Britain
and Ireland, which yield an average OF
400 gallons per year each, making a
total of 100000, 900 gallons of milk
per year. This is an average OF only
tbirty-six gallons per year for every
man, woman and child in the United
Kingdom, or less than half a pint
day. When the amount OF milk used
in dairies for butter and cheese and
lor other purposes is deducted, the
average will be reduced to a very
small allowance.
The milk supply of London comes
from all parts OF England and Wales
and is brought by railway in ordinary
cars in large tin cans similar to those
used in the United States. 1t is han
died very much the same way as 1t
is here, except that it Is brought a
greater distance, some of it as far
as 423 miles. The average distance is
1S0 miles. Refrigerator cars are al
most unknown, and only very small
part of the supply is shipped that way
During the summer the cows are
kept in pastures upon very rich grass.
England has the finest pastures in the
world. The turf is thick, the grass is
| full of nourishment and the moisture
| OF the climate keeps it green longer
| than Is usual in any other country.
During the winter the COWS are kept
In sheds and fed hay, beets, bran
| mashes and dairy cakes composed
| of a mixture of bran and cotton seed
They are MIXED twice day. The
mornings milk is shipped to London
during the day. the evening milk is
delivered at the railway stations at
an early hour and Is picked up by
the express trains during the niSht.
| The cans are exposed to various de
| grees of temperature and to pollu-
| ton at the farm, at the railway Sta
ton, in the cars while in transit.
and at the milk shops in London.
| The bulk of the trade of London is
controlled by dozen large wholesale
companies, each having monopoly in
| its district. In the fashionable resi-
dence portion of the city may be found
small dealers who handle the product
of special dairy farms in Devonshire
and elsewhere and supply rich families
at high prices. These small dealers
control perhaps 20 per cent of the
entire trade. The large supply COM
panies have open wagons or carts at
all the railway stations before daylight
every morning to receive the milk
cans upon their arrival and to haul
away those which have accumulated
during the night.
The retail delivery begins as il
does in this country by daylight IN the
| morning, and in the thickly settled
sections is carried on by hand carts
Each man has his route and is respon.
sible for the returns from whatever
amount of milk may be furnishe him
He is paid in the form of commits.
sion upon the collections. man with
two cans in a pushcart will serve the
inhabitants of several blocks VINO
hearing his cry, bring pals, cups, pans
pitchers, jars and other receptacles to
be filled by dipping into the cans
Very little milk is served in bottles
and the cans in which 1t is delivered
railways from the farms. In the sub
urbs milk is served the same way. ex-
cept the carts are drawn by horses
instead of by men.
Nearly 80 per cen, of the entire
supply is furnished to the public
lhr Ugh dairyshops, Of which there are
P,204 in Greater London. These shops
keep butter. eggs, cheos aud sometimes
dressed Ttultry. in addition to milk,
wti'h they sell over the counter to
casual customers or deliver by their
own errand boys to families in the
neighborhood in tins or bottles. 1t is
customary for many London house
keep butter, eggs, cheese and some
times dressed poultry, in addition to
milk, which they sell over the counter
to casual customers or deliver by their
servant to the nearest milkshop ev-
cry morning for milk or cream enough
| for breakfast, in addition to the regil-
lar supply received from the millkman
which they use for cooking purposes.
There are various regulations adopt
ed by his majesty's most honorable
privy council and various acts of par
Lament for governing the trade in
milk, and they are enforced with more
or less energy in different parts of
the city, according to the disposition
| OF the local magistrates. The Diaries,
Cowsheds and Milkshops Order" as 1t
Is called, extending TO England, Scot
land and Wales, prescribes many pre-
cautions to be observed by purveyors
OF milk by retail against infection or
contamination. These rules are pure
ly conventional, however. They forbid
the storage or handling OF milk in