davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
HELPFUL HINTS

In sense alfalfa makes permanent
pasture for cattle, yet 1t needs Intelligent
care and careful grazing: .. It should I'D not 9t
better adapted to soiling than pasturage II
not grazed too close, if the stock is rotated
from one field to another to allow 1t to to
Will last for many years. Gnawed to the
earth, tramped when wet or frozen, it IS
soon gone. Cattle are readily soiled with
bIoat or injury to alfalfa fields, and many
more cattle can be kept on given area ~,
Make rasa fOf
wide. Fasten this firmly to the wall by
brasss-one at each end and one 1.-the in the
widths to hold the hoes, shovels and other
implements that are to be hung up by the
head. The board makes handy shop
You cannot blame your nelghbor for not
keeping up his share of the line fence II
you do not keep up yours.
Invite your neighbor and his wife to
Sunday dinner occasionally and have the
children over frequently in the evening.
Sscial life in the country can be made very
pleasant If we only open a,t,u our shells bm bOme
because they are too retiring in disposition
to make the first advances.
Go over all the tools, file the saws, grind
the cutting tools. put on new handles where
needed. and put everything in good work
with prices for wool soaring and mutton
too high-priced for folks to eat, it does
seem as if more farmers would join the
ranks of the Knights of the Golden Hoof.
1t does not require large capital to start
in the business of breeding pure blood cat
tie, but it does require determination, in
telligence and a proper understandings of
the underlying principle of reproduction.
he is quite sure re possesses the unquench-
able thirst for knowledge and the enthusiast
tic interest OF the true investigator.
The farmer who is interested in his
business has no time to grumble about
hard times.
The one consoling thing about a mule
is that he is one-half horse. Were it not
for this redeeming trait of relationship he
would have still fewer friends.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
BEANS AND PEAS TO PLANT
TEN EYCK, of the Kansas Sta
wv ton has made some valuable tests
of ri0us field and his lfs

yTyM. TEN EYCK, of the Kansas Sta
w ton has made some valuable tests
W Of various field crops and his results
show that among the millets German
ranked first in the yield of hay and seed,
the largest yields being 3.6 tons of hay and
25.2 bushels of seed per acre. Siberian
millet ranked second
The following varieties of soy beans are
mentioned as yielding more than 13 BUSH
els per acre Yellow, Small Yellow, Ito
San, Early Yellow. Green Samarow, and
Early Brown of which Ito San and the
Yellow varieties are the most productive.
The Ito San and Early Yellow rank high
In earliness.
OF "a varieties of cowpeas grown, New
per acre, and several varieties gave an
average yield of 2.5 tons of dry fodder per
acre. Coleman, Early Amber, Kansas
saccharine sorghums gave good results.
Coleman ranked first in production, with
a yield of 40.55 bushels Of seed and 7.41
tons of stover per acre, while Amber and
Kavanaugh ranked first and last, respec-
lively, in maturity. 1t was found that fifty
days after havesting, sorghum stover in
the sack still contained on the average
SIT per cent of moisture.
The results with nonsaccharine sorghums
showed that yellow Milo maize and large
African Millet yielded 5.27 tons OF stover
and 2O.5 bushels of grain, and 5.33 tons
of stover and 37.3 bushels of grain per
acre, respectively, while Red Kafir corn
and Black -Hulled White Kafir corn from
of stover and 57.3 bushels of grain, and
4.07 tons of stover and 59:1 bushels OF
grain per acre, respectively. The Kaffir corn
stover contained fully much moisture
when stacked as the stover of the sac
charine sorghums
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
NOTES ON ORCHARD WORK

Il there is "seepy" spot in the or
chaTd drain it or the trees will die.
To plant scrub tree is Just as foolish
as to buy runt pig or measly cow.
Head off the rabbits by wrapping the
trees from the ground up two feet with
heavy paper.
AS the tree is pruned so will it grow :
1t is mistake to prune apple trees to-
open head too much in the western states. 7
The thick tops needed to protect the
buds and fruit from the hot sun ana strong
winds that sweep over the wide prairies.
Keep one eye on the apples in the cellar
to see they do not rot and the other on the
market reports. -
A well selected apple orchard in bearing
is worth around $500 an acre.
You can give your fruit color by paying
attention to the scientific facts, about sum
light and air.
On many soils both fruits and vege-
tables are benefited by an application .f
wood ashes.
For almost any kind of small fruit the
land should be deeply plowed thoroughly
cultivated and we'll fertilized.
Pack your apples in boxes so the fruit
can easily be seen and you will be we'll
repaid for the trouble.
Stormy days are the times for making
up small fruit boxes and crates. If al
lowed to lie many weeks, however, they
lose this fresh appearance, which is not
good thing.
Georgia has nearly 100000 bearing
fruit tr.es.
Poultry confined to a small area in the
orchard will destroy the pupn CT the apple
maggot.
A fruit tree in every fence corner would
lock better than weeds. Is your orchard
full of weeds and other litter to provide
snug home for mice?
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
LITTLE NUBBINS OF FARM
NEWS

Mares that are in foal should be shell
tered we'll and allowed some exercise every
day. Light and regular work will afford
the best exercise. Oats should be fed to
them in preference to any other grain.
Oats. bran and good clover hay are the
ideal feed for the breeding eve.
Why let all the special sheep feeder;
enjoy all the profits in sheep and lamb
feeding? There are many corn farmers who
can feed one to two of sheep each
year.
One of the latest excuses for not grow
ing good crops offered by slipshod farine r
is that Good crops impoverish the scil."
1t must be that this is quite generally
known in some localities.
In the keeping of milk a strong p2iI.
is to cool the milk as soon as possible af;e.
milking.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
SUGGESTIONS THAT MAY
HELP

cow, by actual test, giving six quarts
OF milk at each milking, taken away five
less than one quart at the evening milking
and only four quarts at the next morn
ing's milking.
She was driven en- the journey yery
slowly and allowed to stop several times for
feed and drink She WAS treated with the
utmost Kindness yet the irregularity of her
daily routine life decreased the milk yield
90 per cent for the day, and nearly 20 per
cent for the following day.
Dairy cows should be fed and MIXED
with clock-like regularity. They should be
given the privilege. and induced to drink
freely, for the flow of milk will be gov
erned largely by the amount of water con-
sumed.
Avoid unnecessary change OF water with
dairy COWS, because mary will not drink
from strange well until they are starved
t. it.
10 domestic animal should be compelled
to drink ice-cold water in winter. That
pumped from deep well and given to the
stock Immediately is about the right TOM
perature.
The hog by nature loves water, and shade
during the summer, but it should have dry
and very warm quarters in winter.
Where insufficient protection from storms
and the cold are given. and many in
enc pen, hogs will lie in heaps one upon
the other in order to keep warm and the
weakest suffer and often perish.
The hog by nature cannot stand Dust.
When hogs cough, if the pen be dry, sprinkle
1T to settle the dust. Avoid bedding with
Winter is the very best time of the year
to move and transplant large shade trees.
Take them up with large ball of frozen
soil which holds without injury an immense
number Of feeding roots.
Drag down stalks and tall weeds in WIN
ter when the ground is frozen or dry. In
this condition they will catch the SHOWS
and rains, become rotten, make plowing
easier, and sooner become available plant
food when turned under.
On hilly land inclined to wash, watch the
soil during winter, and fill depressions and
gullies with stalks, straw and any rubbish
that Will hold the soil and catch any that
may be washed in from roads and adjacent
fields
Keep the barn, stables hog peas. and
poultry houses clean OF litter and r1anurc.
The department of trade and commerce
of Canada has issued r statement that the
be s5,Oo0,0OO bushels. OF this only one
fourth will grade No. hard.
large number of German farmers in
Missouri are selling their land from $1oo
to S125 per acre and are going farther west
in search of cheaper land.
Railroads of the south are making great
efforts to induce farmers in the cold north
ern regions to go down there. Although
there are thousands of improved farms that
have been allowed to deteriorate through
wild and vacant lands to be had in that
country
The scarcity of squads has induced certain
interruptions persons to substitute very
public as pigeons. The reason squads are
so scarce is because many of them are
sold quail
Ten of King Edwards English Shire
horses are being exhibited in this country
although not for competition. These horses
are the descendants of the great Shires
that once ridden by the knights at the
wars and tournaments of England.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
r. \.

Conducted by S. C. Hulz

lay good sized egg, more or less of a
brown color. They make good roasting
fowls but their meat is coarser grained
than that of the Wyandotte.
The light Brahmas excel for large roast
ing fowls. If kept in good condition they
are excellent winter layers. Their eggs
are of a rich brown color.
The White Leghorn leads in the Leghorn
family. They are steady early spring,
summer and fall layers. They lay a large
white egg. The Buff in merit comes next.
The Brown Leghorn lays probably more
eggs in year than any of the Leghorn
family, but the eggs are of rather small
size.
The Rhode Island Reds are frst-class
layers brown eggs. They are excellent
roasting fowls.
The Black Langshan is a grand winter
layer, the eggs being of the finest color
AS roasting fowls they are unexcelled, their
flesh very closely resembling the turkey
both in appearance and flavor But the
Langshan will never be very popular among
market men who must have yellow
skinned carcass, and who cannot dress
neat carcass with bird that shows dark
pin feathers.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
THE MOST POPULAR BREEDS

TC THE beginner in poultry raising the
i following notes about breeds may be
helpfui:
The White Wyandotte is..a steady layer
of good average sized eggs, the color vary
ing from a tint to a nice brown. Excellent
winter layers The leading breed for broil-
ers, and popular for small roasting fowls.
The Silver and the Buff Wyandottes are
also good breeds with about the same
merits.
The Barred White and Buff Plymouth
Rocks are larger sized birds than the
Wyandottes, and good layers If not too
Iiberally fed on carbonaceous foods. They
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
COST OF BUTTER

Statistics carefully complied from all or
the Iowa creameries show that the aver
age cost for manufacturing butter is about
four cents a pound in creamery that
makes 10000 pounds of butter in year;
one and three-fourths cents in a cream
cry that makes 100000; and about one
and one-half cents where the creamery
ether things being equal the farmer who
patronises the large creamery will receive
about two cents per pound more for his
butter than the patron of the small cream
cry. AS the average Minnesota COW Gro-
duces about 165 pounds oi putter in
year her annual earning capacity is $3.50
more where her product is taken to a large
creamery than when taken to a small on ,.
The above figures are suggestive in that
they show the error of starting creameries
in localities where there is a shortage Of
cows.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
PREPARED FOODS

1 have been feeding a laying food and
find it very good for my hens. have
never had my hens lay so we'll before
through the winter months as they have
this year. They seem to like it very much
and to thrive we'll on it. 1 have also used
chick food and like it very much indeed
1 would rot go without it if it cost mo
$5 a hundred weight. 1 ordered 500
pounds early this spring as to be sure:
to get it by the time l have some chicks.
1t does away with all worry and fussing
and there is no waste whatever in feeding
it. It is needless to say that I heartily
recommend it to poultrymen.-F. S. Benja-
min.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
HOW UNCLE JOHN
FIGURES 1T


Farming is a profession, and only when
it is SO regarded will it be accorded il !;
proper place among honorable avocations
The ideal farmer is made out of the child
of the farm he has been developed by edu-
cation and science. The former he secures
from the common schools and the latter at
the agricultural college or from farm jour-
mails.
One of the most potent factors in advanc-
ing agriculture is the fair. No other insti-
tuition offers such opportunities to the farm
er for acquiring profitable knowledge. He
is there instructed in his special line of
work. He is stimulated and encouraged to
give his best efforts to the betterment Of
his products He is made a better farmer.
A straw stack is a fine thing for the
farm animals to use as q sort Of winter.
house these cold days, but see that they
are properly housed at night.
The trouble with many of US is, we lack
Pride in our work; and the reason we do Eot
is because our work is done in careless
slipshod manner 1t is a poor rule that
will not work both ways; therefore. to be
proud Of our work we ought to do 1t we'll
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
CASH IN THE APPLE
ORCHARD
Mrs. S. L. Wilson, Iowa.

THE apple orchard as an investment and
i a healthful, congenial occupation
possesses great opportunities. 1t will
pay more in cash returns on the money
invested and the labor that is necessary
to maintain it than anything 1 know Of
] think that the south central section
offers as many or more advantages for
such orchard than any other section
there is found as good soil for apples as
can be found anywhere. There is a profit
able market right at home, and farmers
can grow the Jonathan and Ben Davis
tainty as they can grow a crop of corn
All they have to do is to give them as
much attention.
Any man can succeed who is in love
purpose enough to not lose all his enthu-
siasm as soon as he has planted his trees.
or after the, first. off year. providing he has
business ability enough to get all out of
spray his fruit for fungus diseases and
insects and give it good care. small
commercial orchard should be planted to
only two varieties, the Jonathan and Ben
right area to plant would be twenty acres:
The, Ben Davis will be the first first to bear
fruit and the first to die. The Jonathan
will bear fairly well while young, and the
older they get the more freely they will
bear. They generally live longer. than
most varieties. Jonathan orchard from
ten to thirty years old is sure money
maker.
The orchard should be planted on high,
rolling enough to wash and should be self
supporting for the first ten years and from
the age of ten to thirty years should net
it's owner $1,000 on an average such
an orchard will return as much profit to
the farmer as the ordinary quarter section
of land, as it is generally farmed with the
different grains and stock.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15

The Kansas AntiLiquor Society has adopted new
plan to fight the liquor traffic. 1t is mailing free
recipe fer the cure of the liquor habit. 1t can be
given secretly in coffee food. Also one for the
tobacco habit that can be given secretly The only
request they make is that do sell the recipes
but give free copies TO friends. Their address Is
Room 73 Gray, Bldg, Kansas City, Mo.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
DRY PICKING is BEST

Dry picking is always to be preferred
when preparing turkeys for market. When
in fine condition, nicely picked, and sent
to market without haviD% been packed In
ice, turkey is at its best, and conse-
quently commands the highest price. AS
is still flowing. pluck the feathers dry from
it's body, taking care in doing this not to
tear the skin or break the flesh. Nothing
torn places upon the carcass or shank;
picking must be clean and nicely done:
When the fowl is plucked hang it head
is gone from the body, being careful not
to hang it where it will be exposed to cold
air as to be likely to freeze. Do not re-
the whole carcass, including head and feet,
perfectly clean.
Chariton courier., 1907-03-15
FLED EACH COW BY HERSELF

To feed most economically each cow must
be individually fed, and the quantity of
and the quantity of milk she produces.
Four pounds of grain daily may be as
much as some cows can proftably be given.
turns from ten to twelve pounds. Other
things being equal, large cow requires
more feed than q small one. and cow
one giving a smaller quantity.
Crows have become such a nuisance in
some parts of Illinois that farmers
organizing crow hunts In Elgin and Cain
counties 1,131 crows were killed by 81
hunters in one week.
For many years have been told that
snow is poor mans manure. We know
that there is nitrogen in snow and that
the soil is more or less benefited by it, but
when one has to dig through to
gate four times a week, taking away six
feet at a time, he becomes skepticaf sbout
the chemical analysis of this particular
kind of fertilizer.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1907-01-01
PLANTING THE APPLE ORCHARD

HelCldl olcHdruS. Inreo or tOur are
plenty, even for a very large orchard.
This makes it possible to ship large
quantities of one variety and to econo-
mize in the labor of harvesting. But
on the other hand, it is a bad plan to
plant whole orchard or large blocks
to a single variety, as the advantages
OF cross fertilization are thus lost. A
good way is to alternate the varieties
through the orchard by rows, having,
however, two rows of the same variety
alternating with two of another, so as
to facilitate picking
Shall plant my trees in the spring
or in the fall?" is question that often
arises. Fall planting up to December
is more desirable if the ground can be
prepared in time. The fall planted
tree has chance to heal up the
wounds on it's roots and even put forth
some new ones before the sap rises in
the spring, so that it is already grow
ing IN the spring when the man who
waited until spring gets around 20
plant his trees. The only drawback
to planting in the fall is the possibiii.
ty OF the roots being frosted and THAI
IS very remote one if the planting is
properly done, where the altitude is
less than live thousand feet.
The Method of Planting.
Inc best distance apart for apDle
trees is thlrty-tive feet each way This
seems like waste of ground while the
trees are small, but at any closer dis
tance than this, the tine comes, with
our rich soils, when the bad effects of
croWd1ng are apparent. | saw an
eight-year-old orchard last year in
which the trees were interlocking in
way that made spraying next to i'm
possible, and spoke volumes for the
herce strife among the roots, for the
roots always extend further in every
direction than the tops. The owner
has decided to cut out every other
tree, but even then the trees will not
be as thrifty as though they had had
plenty OF room from the start.
Trees set in squares are most easily
cultivated and give a neater appear-
ance in the orchard than any other ar
rangement, though it is not as econom-
lcal of ground as the triangular or hex.
agonal system, sometimes erroneously
called quincunX. The true quincunx.
or square with a tree set in the cen
ter is an abOmination. 1t does not di-
trees, and soon results in croWding to
all. The triangular system is the only
one that gives equal distribution of
the ground, but it hampers cultivating
and spraying more than the square.
Nearly all the orchards in our state
are. laid out in squares, and it has
usually been done with a corn mark
er, though many are now using the
wire. Common telephone wire serves
the purpose well. and is prepared by
twisting small pieces of light copper
wire around it at intervals of thirty
five feet and soldering them in place.
The orchard is then staked off on
parallel sides at intervals of thirty
five feet and the wire stretched be-
tween these stakes. Holes are dug
under the markers on the wire and
the trees set before the wire is re-
moved, thus insuring perfect align
ment. When stakes are used to indi-
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1907-01-01

troversy about whole root and piece
root trees, much of which has been OF
no value because diSputants have been
chiefly concerned in uphOlding the
merits of the particular kind they hap
pened to be growing. Of course, there
is, strictly speaking, no such thing as
a whole-root tree, if we except rare
cases in which a seeding has been
budded where the seed was planted,
for even budded trees are commonly
transplanted once before budding. Of
course, budded trees come nearest to
being whcle-root trees, but as gen
eral thing there is nothing whatever
to choose between them and rOot-graft-
ed trees.
AS to the advantages of trees graft
ed on a whole root and those grated
On a small piece only, there is some
thing to be said on both sides. though
often little to choose between them.
1t is true that a very short piece OF
root, say only two or three inches
long, is apt to have the branches all
come out on one side, and so tend to
develop One-sided root system, while
a piece of root twice the length would
have had the branches more evenly
distributed, but if, in the effort to use
the whole Seeding root, say ten or
twelve inches long, very deep trench
is not made for planting, the root is
apt to be jammed in and caused to
grow into most cOntOrted and Objec-
tionable shape. / have seen just such
trees as these, and they do not com
pare in desirability with those on a
piece of root only three inches long.
One nurseryman told me that among
men of his business the whole-root
tree was considered to mean a tree
which had been grated upon the part
of the root next to the crown, even
though the piece were only three
inches long. This seems to be mere
Juggling with words. "Whole-root"
tree ought to mean one in which a
whole Seeding root has served as the
foundation, and not been trimmed off
to three inches.
The Selection of Varieties.
The selection of varieties is an i'm
portant matter. The great CONNER
cial varieties of our state Qdaho) are
the Rome Beauty, Jonathan and Ben
Davis. There are number of others,
like the Winesap, LAWYER, Grimes
Golden, White Winter Pearmain and
Northwestern Greening, that are
grown in quantities, but the three first
named stand far above the others as
favorites for the commercial orchard.
OF these three, the Rome Beauty is
the most satisfactory, as it comes into
bearing early, produces regularly and
heavily and the fruit is large, richly
colored, of good quality, long keeper
and a good shipper. The Jonathan is
somewhat lacking in size and keeping
quality, and the Ben Davis is lacking
in nothing but quality. Winesap and
White Winter Pearmain are apt to be
too small, Spitzenburg and Blue Pear
main shy in bearing, and LAWYER is
very inferior in quality. The Aiken
Red, Northwestern Greening and Wag
ener are very promising varieties for
commercial planting.
The mistake is too often made of
planting too many varieties in COM