davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
COUNTY BOARDS GOOD WORK

The Board of County Commissioner,
have almost concluded their important
business and will probably adjourn
finally today Only the checking up OF
accounts remains to be done. They
have done some very important work
during the last several weeks, going
over the affairs of the people very
carefully and inaugurating a new or
der OF things which will operate to thc
benefit of all concerned. The most in
portant work was the reimbursement o.
the methods OF business, so that les
trouble will be encountered in an
effort to learn the actual state of any
accounts or appropriation, and the de
cesion TO place the county on a cash
basis by requesting special tax to
pay its floating debt.
Other important matters need atten-
ton. notably the reconstruction of the
court room and the building of a new
Jail. But these matters are not of so
much immediate importance a. paving
the debt. Once out of debt it is be
lieved the revenue of the county will
be sufficient to make necessary i'm.
provements.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
CURFEW BELL FOR PADUCAH

AS last desperate resort for pro.
faction from burglars, highwaymen aud
sneak thieves Paducah has decided
to iDaugurate the Curfew Bell The
idea Is that all good people will obey
the law and go home after The hour
fixed by the law. and all who are on
the streets after that are bad and
must be run in" While COMPLAINTS
of crime be ng rampant in the city
the report of arrests made in that
city last mo7th is ZIG. against 227 in
Cairo which was ST less than Cairo
had the month before month az.
cur contemporary was Dragging a Bit
about the less number of arrests in
Paducah than in Cairo. although Pa.
ducah is a larger city Perhaps an
explanation for the many depreda-
tons can be found in the few arrests
Let the police force get a move on
II and the community may not then
be compelled TO subject itself 10 q
Curfew Bell.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
MUST ACT TODAY.

Democrats need TO bestir them
selves today. BY tonight all papers
for candidates for the county Offices
must be on file with the county clerk
The new law requires that these
papers must be placed in the proper
officials hands thirty days before the
primary election which is 10 be held
August 4 Tomorrow would be time
enough. but tomorrow is the great ma.
tionsl holiday and the county clerk
will probably have important pyro
technics to look after, like other pa
triots.
Our Republican friends have their
candidates all in the field Most oi
them have been out for months. and
several recent additions are announc.
Cd in the persons Of Judge A. Coming
for county judge and p. H. McRaYen.
of Mcclure. for comfy treasurer ard
assessor.
The Democratic and Republican
committees took final action lasl
night, an account Of which appears IN
the news columns.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
ANNOUNCEMENTS
ILLINOIS CENTRAL r. q.

ILItNOlS LEN NAL W. NJ
The Illinois Central maintains
Double Daily Service, and operates
the best OF trains. with Dining Cars.
Bufet-Library Cars. Chair Cars, and
Sleeping Cars. from Chicago. St
Louis, Cincinnati and Louisville south
10 New Orleans. The best road for
reaching the Winter Tourist resorts
Of the south. including
NEW ORLEANS. VIcKsBuRG, HAM.
MoND, LA, GULFPoRT, MISS.
HAVANA VIA NEW ORLEANS
Havana, Cuba. is best reached Vls
the Illinois Central through service TO
New Orleans and the new ocean liner.
twin screw. nineteen-knot
HOT SPRINGS. ARK. FLORIDA.
Daily Sleeping Car without change
Chicago to Hot Springs. with oonnec
ticns at Memphis from Cincinnati and
Louisville.
Through Dixie Flyer" Sleeping Car
Line st. Louis to jacksonville via
Nashville, Chattanooga and Atlanta
MEXICO, CALIFORNIA.
Illinois Central Weekly Excursions
. California Excursion cars through
20 Los Angeles and San Francisco as
follows: Via New Orleans and the
Southern Route every Friday from
Chicago every Tuesday from Cincin-
natl and Louisville Via Omaha snd
the Scenic Route every Wednesday
from Chicago
FULL PARTICULARS concerning
all Of the above can be had Of agents
of the Illinois Central and connecting
lines OF by addressing either Of the
undersigned.
&c. A. n. HANSON, p. 7. ~. -.
Chicago. III.
8. O. HATCH, @ p A
Chicago, N
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
INTO EVANSVILLE.
The Bio Four Railroad is Thought to
Be Headed--Rght Granted For
Bridge at Mt. Carmel.

Local railroad men will read witt
in terest the following from the Evans
INnle Courier of Sunday:
The passage of a bill through con
gress, giving the Big Four railroad the
right 10 construct a bridge across the
Wabash river at Mount Carmel, H.,
the information that a board of di-
rectors was being formed TO ask for a
| franchise for the use of certain streets
| by that road in entering this city, and
1.-The promised visit of Captain ]. G..
Grammer of the New York Central TO
Evansville some time this week. com
bine to make almost certain that the
Big Four intends to build a line from
Evansville to Mount Carmel to con-
nect with its tracks there.
The bill was rushed through con
gress Thursday, was passed in both
houses and signed by the president
just in time to avoid the closing OF the
session. The announcement that d
board of directors was being formed
chse under the laws of the state
came from reliable but unofficial
source in this city Saturday after,
noon. From source fully as reliable
it was cleaned that Captain Grammer
would visit the city this week to com
plete the details necessary to the |
road
The Big Four now operates line
from Chicago to aCiro, ILL.,, and a |
fortune has been spent in making this |
road capable of carrying the heaviest |
traffic. It passes withia thirty-three |
miles of Evansville at Mount Carmel |
and if extended to this city would !
make a route exactly equal in dis
lance to the E. & T. II. route to Chi
cagO, Besides this ii would afford a
direct route into New York from this
city the New York Central lines, the
Big Four being a part of that system.
A party of Big Four engineers spent
several weeks in surveying routes in
to this city from Mount Carmel some
line ago and the chief engineer Of the
.oad is credited with the statement
made at Mount Carmel a few days
igo that there was no doubt about it.
)lans had been prepared and the Big
-Four was coming into Evansville.
Following this statement comes
he news in Geographic dispatches
rom Washington Of the hurried pas
age Of the bill through congress en-
bling the Big Four to bridge the
yabashn. 1t merely confirms the
tatement of the engineer.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
MANY FIRE WORKS
Sold BY Local Dealers Promise 4
Lively and Fiery Fourth of
PuIy.

The premature celebration of the
grand and glorious Fourth OF July has
been less noticeable this year than for
many years passed. Down town mer-
chants report that sales of fire crack
ers, toy pistols and other explosives
and noise makers have been greater
than the adyaace sale of last year and
evidently the shall but patriotic youth
is saving them for the Fourth.
In speaking of the many deaths and
accidents that result each year from
be celebration of the Fourth a Cairo
physician yesterday said:
The danger from lockjaw is not so
great now as in former years, in fact
he only danger lies in the neglect in
having the wound promptly dressed
intitetaliC serum is used in time will
n almost every ca save the wounded
person from the sulcrings of lock jaw
simple and leaves no after effects.
After incising the wound freely and
removing foreign matter from It the
wound should bc thoroughly cauter.
lied with a - per cent solution Of car
bolic acid and a loose wet pack of ;
pcr cent solution applied to H. The
contents of a package Of the antite
tanic serum. containing ten cubic cen
timeters should then be injected into
The abdomen.
Many of the deaths n different
parts Of the country. and especially IN
large cities result from neglecting TO
have seemingly harmless wound at
tended 90. Every injury however
slight should be Immediately cared
for
In connection with the celebration
the following suggestions are made
and may prove valuable:
DON'T
Hold a firecracker in your hand
after the fuse is lighted
Pick a firecracker up if it does not
Shoot IF revolvers. cannon crack
ers. rifles or dynamite
Fire tOrpedoes or bombs by putting
them on the street car tarcks.
Start any bonfires.
Sell or give toy pistol to child.
BUT
II you are hurt by a giant cracker
or blank cartridge get 10 a doctor as
possible
Keep the wound open.
II your clothes take fire. roll on the
grass or wrap a blanket about you.
II your face is piued with powder
have a doctor pick the grains ont az
once.
In vase 81 FIRE. call the FIRE depart-
ment first and afterward try your
self to put st ont.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

The action by the ordinance commit
tee refusing to recommend the pass
age of the ordinances prohibiting the
establishing of salons near the pub
lie library and at other places where
The people have protested against It,,
is not to be commended. Much may
he said against it and certainly will
be, should the council sustain the com
mittee's action tonight, which is not
at all likely.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
TIME CARD.
CAIRO ELECTRIC AND TRACTION
COMPANY
In Effect January I, 1905.
BELT LINE

In Effect January I, 1905.
BELT LINE
Cars are due to leave Second Street
going North on Commercial ave, CIV
cry Is minutes from 6 a. M. to ii
- IN.
Going North on Walnut Street ev-
cry Is minutes from COS a. M. 70
1888 p. m.
POPLAR STREET LINE
Holbrook Avenue Cars are due to
leave Second Street going North on
Holbrook avenue at SET; 6:27; G;42:
6:57; 712 a. m. and on same minutes
every hour until 1912 and 1912 p. IN.
Going West on Twenty Eighth st.
at $40; 6:19: 6:34; GAO and 7;04
a. m, and on same minutes every hour
until 1884 and 1l:04 p. m.
Poplar Street Cars are due to pass
ST. Mary's park Is minutes after leav-
ing Second Street and make the trip
around the city in so minutes.
OWL CARS
North on Walnut-l1:30p. m; 1924
a. m; 1870 a. M; 2:30 am; $3.50
m: 4.30 a. M; $3.50 a. m.
North on Commercal--12:C D. m;
100 a. M; 200 a. M; 800 a. M;
400 a. m; 500 a. m.
Belt and Owl cars are due to pass
West Thirty-fourth street Is minutes
after leaving Second street and make
the trip around the city in 30 minutes.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

Cairo" by recommending unanimous
ly the passage of the ordinance pro
viding for filling the low streets in Dis
trict No, /. All present favored the
ordinance. The only notes of dissent
came from Aldermen Burke and Full
Ter, but the ground they took was
perfectly reasonable and proper and
is held by the mayor and by all mem
beers Of the council: that the sewers
shall be built first in the low streets,
II it is possible to do so, and that filling
shall be deferred as long as possible
under the law, in order that this may
be done
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
June Circulation.

The above Is a correct and true
statement of the circulation of the
Cairo Bulletin for the year 1906 and
for the month of June 1906.
CLYDE SULLIVAN,
Business Manager
Subscribed and sworn to before me
this Both day Of June, 1906.
LEO j, KLEB,
(Seal) Notary Public.
My commission expires January 1G
1903.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY
Cairo, Alexander County, illinois
Population 16,147.

Cairo, Alexander County, illinois
Population 16,147.
Mayor, GEORGE PARSONS.
Clerk, r. A. HATCHER.
Treasurer, JAMES QUINN.
Comptroller. T.. S. DEWEY
Police Magistrate, A. j. ROSS.
Chief OF Police, M. s. EAGAN.
Alexander County, Population 22e63.
County Judge, WIN. s. DEWEY.
County Clerk, JESSE Il. MILLER.
Circuit Clerk, LEE b. DAVIS.
Sheriff, JAS. S. ROCHE.
Coroner, DIR JAMES McMANUS.
County Superintendent of Schools,
PROF. JOHN SNYDER.
Assessor and Treasurer, FRANK j..
DAVIS.
Board of County Commissioners.
GEORGE PARSONS.
DIR. EDWIN j. CAUSE.
j. !. JENNELLE, Chairman.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
American Books in r,sn.s,

American literature is found in
efery Canadian home. writes Consul
SeNert from Strafford. The yfI'are
and city libraries are filled wi Amer
ican books and American periodicals.
predomiBate
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
Country Mail Delivery

Rural free delivery was established
under President Mckinney in 1897
During the fiscal year ended 1893 there
we're 15.l1s roatss In operation. with
I1.7oo petitions lending.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
GOOD WORK AND OTHERWISE

The council committees on streets
and ordinances met last night as
recorded elsewhere in this paper and
drove another big spike into the inn
poftaHt gronud work for "A Greater
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

The Bulletin is on sale at the fol
lowing places:
coleman's, 214 Eighth street.
Halliday House News Stand.
Walkers, 10 Sixth street.
Blue Front Restaurant.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

Eighty-flve per cent Of the circuls
ton OF the Bulletin goes directly into
The homes
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

There are two
main principles that
underlie the matter of
aerial navigation. In
the one case an object
as light as, or lighter
than, the air, bulk for
bulk, is buoyed up by
the air and floats in
the air; in the other
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

The Bulletin In delivered In thirty
surrounding tsvns IN time Cor the
breakfast tabia
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
CIRCULATION STATEMENT.

Average daily and Sunday circu-
lation for the year 1905. ,,..., 212e
Average daily and Sunday clrcu-
lation for the month OF June
1906 ....................... .202a
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
SOUTHERN DIVISION

fHE ONLY DIRECT LINE TO MRhpHHs
NASHVILLE, CHATTANOOGA, AT
LANTA, JACKSONVILLE, sA.
VANNAH, vICHSBURa
and JAOKSONVILLB.
sos n. m. "The Dixie Flyer" Memphis
Nashville and Jacksonville.
ado a. m Memphis and New Orleans LinoIt.
ii via Memphis, arriving in Aemphis at stb
a. m. and New Orleans BIS p. IN.
900 n. M, Psducah and 'oulrvtie.
III D. m, daily, Memphis and New Orlean
Fast Mall arriving in Mamphjs at 7;i5 ., m. and
New Orleans at $40 q. NJ.
I1I p. M, daily, Nashville, Ohstsnoowasnd
Atlanta.
900 pm. Memphis and New Orleans speeds
arrive ia Memphis At 'l:l0 .. m, New Orlean
t0;25 =. IN.
5;55 . m. Paduosh and T,oph Vile. III
srFor through tickets, sleeping car accom,
mod ations and further Information apply 81
Illinois Central PASSENGER station. usiro, ~,
]. n. JONES, Ticket ACT.
SO. HATCH, a. PA.
AlHANsoN. Passenger Trafio Manager.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
ILLINOIS Central
Corrected to June 18th, 1906.
THE FAST MAIL ROUTE
Shortest and Quickest Routs te
St. Louis & Chicago

$50 q. m. Daily Chicago Vestibule Limitedt
arriving In Chicago at II 1870 a. m, connecting
with afternoon trains for all points east and
north.
2:2O n. m. Daily 81. Louis Night Limited
arriving In st. Ionic At 1908 .. M, connecting
at Union Station for all points west. Sleeping
cars open at g:45 p. m.
5;IOa n. M. Chicago Daylight Express
excent Sunday, makes all stops between Cairo
I'd Chicago, arriving In Chicago at SEQ p. m.
$40 a. m. st. Louis Morning Express.
except Sunday, arriving In st. Louis ss il;r
making al stops
1915 a, IN. st. Louis Fast Mall. arriv-
ing In st, LOuis st $500 y. NJ
Ii;I5 n. IN. Chicago Mid-day Special
srristng In Chicago, $3.50 p, IN.
2:35p. m. Daily st. Louis IsimiteSis ar.
tying IN st. Jouis At sos p. IN, ronu"cttuT
Union Station for X ansas City, Omaha, Dem
yer, San Francisco and ell points west.
2:35 .. m. Afternoon Ezpress for Odtr,
bingham, Nation, Tolona, Champaign, Chi
oseo
8,f5p. m. Thebes accommodations.
7:I5 y. m. Chicago and Eastern EE'
press arriving in Chicago at $3.50 n m Indian
spolis, 7;25 Cincinnati, 7;s0 .. M. Buffalo, sia
,. M. New York 1880 .. m. Sleeping oaT
Chicago,
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

Graft exists only
where people are will
ing to pay it.
"Favors" are easily
stretched into big con-
cessions, and they don't
look well when they are
told about in investiga-
tons.
No official can get
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

when be hanged upon conviction OF the THEFT OF
few hlngs should be conducted almost with fear and
trembling.
should than that innocent
should be because the penalties that followed
conviction terrible
another the statement 1t the dispo
the rule guilty especially he happened
poor and without friends when he accused This sent
found stage OF the legal procedure
against accused persons.
Now the situation reversed We have only oense
cay for which capital punishment be inflicted and that OF
Tense the taking OF human life The employed in deter
mining the guilt Of accused provide the largest and
justice that human wisdom and ingenuity
they throw around the accused the powerful safe
guards.
inclined to take the view of Judge Wait that the % guilty
- to-day under all the conditions OF civilized
[E%<EI1s1N cety require attention than the SUPPOSE
tious innocent that is in danger.
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03
CIR Gru1uittg Ditt1rl1lty
In 11l1niah tl!r Guilty
By GEN. CHARLES X. DARLING.


He occasion for the maxim that % guilty persons should
be permitted escape rather than innocent person
should be punished is in my mind applicable to the
conditions of the administration of justice that exist to-
day in courts OF law
When the statement originally was made it meant
death for the accused to be convicted OF of
hundred ofenses 1t righully felt that the harsh
ness OF the laws justified any alternative to the convc
ton of an innocent person 1t was wholly appropriate
The Cairo bulletin., 1906-07-03

nonanarore For New York and caste n
passengers cities should bear in mind
that The Illinois Central Is the quickest route
by many hours, leaving Cairo at 7:l5 p. m and
arriving In New York al 7 80 the second day
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1906-01-06
DEATH OF MRS. KATE.
Estimable Resident OF This City Passes
Away Rather Suddenly.

After an Illness OF less than week,
Mrs. Alma KATE died at $50 o'clock
last night at the residence OF her daugh-
ter. Mrs. Heber NJ. Wells, at 81 First
street. Mrs. Katz was apparently in
good health Saturday last, when she at
tended the Theatcr, but she became IN
Sunday, and Thursday took a sudden
turn for the worse. Since then appre-
hension has been felt by her imme-
date friends, although to most OF them
the news OF her death last night came
suddenly and without warning.
Mr. Kate, who was at Tacoma, and
Alma y. Katz. an only son. who was Ia
Portland. were hastily summoned
Thursday evening and arrived here to-
day,
Mrs Annetta Player Katz came to
Salt Lake from England when a child
six years old, accompanying her par
ents In the westward immigration. For
few years she resided at Tacoma, but
the rest of her life has been passed
In Utah, where she has been prom
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1906-01-06
MRS. HILTON DEFEATED,
Fails In Her Effort To secure Money
From Park Estate.

Mrs. Annie r. A. Hilton has again
been defeated in her efforts to secure
her one-third interest In the proceeds
Of the sale OF certain real estate sold by
Or. John II. Park In his life time. Judge
Armstrong today sustained the de-
murrer OF the attorneys for the Park
estate to the petition of Mrs. Hilton in
which she asked FOR $4,000 as her
dover interest In the real property sold
by DR.. Park. The supreme court in
its opinion rendered some time ago held
that Mrs. Hilton was DR.. Parks le-
gal widow and as such entitled TO her
dover interest In the estate.
She has filed two petitions asking
for the above amount as her interest
In the property allenated. but both petl-
lions have been defeated by the court
sustaining demurrers to the same. The
demurrers to the latest petition was ar
gued by the attorneys Oh Thursday and
taken under advlsement by Judge Arm
strong until this morning, when he
sustained H.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1906-01-06

inent IN social circles. For the past
two years she has lived at the home ~
her daughter. Mrs. H. NJ Wells. Mrs,
KATE In survived by three daughters
and one son, the daughters being Mrs.
Heber NJ. Wells, Mrs. Il A. Trip, and
Mrs. Lear Ritter. Alma ID. KATE, her
only son. is a resident OF Portland. Or.
where ne recently moved from Boise.
Ida. Until few years ago he lived in
Salt Lake and is well remembered in
business and social circles
The funeral services will be held
Monday afternoon at o'clock from the
residence OF former Gov. Heber NJ.
Wells. AT Gil First street.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1906-01-06
KILLED BY A TRAIN.
Sad Fate Of Young Maxwell Baity at
Bingham junction.

Maxwell Baity, a l4-year-old boy. was
struck md killed at Bingham Junction
yesterday. by n Rio Grande Western
engine, which was passing at n high
rate OF speed Though the yards, He
lived less than IN hour. passing away
en- route to Salt Lake on a Sanpete
valley train. At the time OF the acct
dent, young FATTY was walking on "A
side track. and stepped on to the main
track TO avoid a switch engine which
was approaching He did not see the
oncomine through train,and was struck
before he was aware that II was APP
preaching. His skull was fractured
and several other bones were broken.
The boy liz the son OF Mrs. Hall Miller
OF Bingham Junction. His father is
dead.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1906-01-06
MEDAL ROSTER Of
THE SHORT LINE.
General Superintendent Bucking.
ham Announces the Result
OF Inspection Trip.
NAMPA IS THE BEST DEPOT.
Otherwise Utah Captures Balance of
The Gold Trophics----Jap Made
\ Good Run.

General Superintendent Z. Bucking-
ham OF the Oregon Short Line today
announced the result of the inspection
Of the entire system last November
by the party of some 20 officials Of the
company, who went over every mile
prior to awarding three gold medals
and eleven silver medals to the bosses
responsible for the good condition OF
roadbed, buildings and bridges.
An order has been placed with the
local firm of Boyd Park for the medals
and when they are turned out, suit
ably engraved, they will be duly pre-
sented In addition Il viii be the
privilege OF the prize winners to put
up a single informing the travelling
public that It is now gazing upon the
best on the system.
The recent contest has brought out
considerable good natured rivalry and
undoubtedly neSt year there will be a
concerted effort to lower the colors OF
the lucky ones. In the meantime the
winners will proudly wear their med :
ais and look down upon the less for
tunate
has captured two gold medals, the re-
naming one going to Idaho. The Jap
anese also viii take some consolation
from the fact that the Jap section boss
on the Wyoming 4 Western came with
In an ace OF walking away with a sill
YER medal, as his percentage was de-
cidedly high.
AS II IL, the list OF winners is as fol-
lows.
GOLD MEDALS.
Best roadmaster's district on system
OF Oregon Short Line, Utah division:
First District-John McEntee
Best section on system:
Utah Division, Section 4-Walter
Read foreman.
Best station on system:
Nampa, Idaho--E, p. Shaw, agent.
SILVER MEDALS.
Best section on each district:
Idaho Dlvislon-First district, section
II: A. Larsen, foreman.
Second district, section IS: Geo.
Munns. foreman.
Third district. section so: Fred SUIT
ter, foreman.
Fourth district, section 60 J, Will
liams, foreman.
Montana Divislon--Seventh district,
section 1907 F. Plastno, foreman.
Eighth district, section 1852: J. McIn-
tosh, foreman,
Salt Lake division, ogden district,
section 50: j. Rowell. foreman.
Wells district, section As. I, Ian
ducci, foreman.
Carlln district. section 20. James Me-
Nally, foreman So"
Wadsworth district section IS; a. Pc
razzo, foreman.
Wyoming district. L. r. r. r.. Sec
ton SO: G. r. Yoeman, foreman.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1906-01-06
LEHI GETS STATE FARM.
Wins on the Second Ballot at Meeting
Held This Afternoon.

The commission appointed by the
governor to select a site for the state
experiment farm, met this afternoon,
when the site of Lehi was chosen On
the second ballot. The voting stood.
First ballot. Spanish Fork, 8: Provo. 3.
Lehl, 8; Pennington, 2. The second
ballot showed for Lehi, for Provo
and ! for Pennington. Those voting
We're seven members Of the Agricultural
college faculty, five members of tho
state land board. and DR.. Yoder of tho
A. c.