Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-12-13
CONSTITUTION SUFFICIENT
Interesting Incident at Dinner of Key
- stone Society.
sECRETARY's ELOQUENT APPEAL
Justice Browns Reply Warmly Re
ceived by Representatives Of the
Monied Interests.

| NEW YORK December 13.-An eloquent
| appeal for the Capitalization Of power in
the federal government made by Secretary
Root at the annual dinner Of the Pennsyl-
vania Society at the Waldorf-Astoria last
night brought forth vigorous response
from Justice John Hay Brown. The Secre-
tary of State, in his peroration, said:
1.-The governmental control which the peo-
pie of the United States deem just and
| necessary they will have. 1t may be that
such control could better be exercised in
particular instances by the governments Of
the states, but the people will have the con-
troll they need either from the states or
from the national government, and if the
states fail to furnish it in due measure,
sooner or later constructions Of the Consti-
tuition will be found to vest the power
where it will be exercised in the national
government
Immediately after Mr. Root concluded his
address Justice Brown was introduced to
| respond to the toast, 1.-The Judiciary"
In contradistinction to the sentiments of
Mr.. Root. Justice Brown. who was but re-
Pennsylvania. made an address calculated
to enthuse the champions of state rights
and those who uphold the Constitution as
being all sufficient for the present needs of
the republic. He said:
THE judiciary! May 1 ask you to hear
the words of the beloved chief justice of
our state: More independent. less direct
ly responsible. either to the other depart
ments or to the people at large, yet hold
ing neither purse nor the sword, it's au-
thority depends wholly upon reason. But
how transcendent is its authority to mark
the limits of executive and legislative pow
er; to administer the law and give COM
| mands not only to Individuals but to
Presidents and Congress; to sit in judg-
ment on the proceedings and privileges of
the sovereign states. and to give final form
and effect to the great charter of
the Union on which the rights, the peace,
the harmony, the prosperity, safety and
honor of the whole country depend"
1t was noticeable that after the address
of Mr.. Root the applause was compare
lively slight. but that following the adj
dress of Justice Brown the applause was
hearty and extended throughout the great
dining room. Particularly did it come from
a table round which were seated ]. Pier
pont Morgan, President George F. Baer of
the Reading railroad. President Charles a
Company. President F. D. Underwood of
the Erie railroad and other financial mag
mates.
Mr.. Roots Address.
Secretary Root said:
What is to be the future of the states
of the Union under our dual system of con-
stitutional government?
THE conditions under which the clauses
of the Constitution distributing powers to
the national and state governments are
now and henceforth to be applied are
widely different from the conditions which
were or could have been within the con-
termination of the trainers of
tuition, and widely different from those
which obtained during the early years of
the republic. When the authors of the
Federalist argued and expounded the rea-
sons for union and the utility of the pro-
visions contained in the Constitution each
separate colony transformed into state
was complete in itself and sufficient to
itself except as to a few exceedingly simple
external relations of state to state and to
foreign nations; from the origin of produce
ton to the final consumption of the product,
from the birth of citizen to his death, the
business, the social, and the political life
of each separate community began and end
ed for the most part within the limits of
the state itself; the long time required for
travel and communication between the diff
ferent centers of population, the difficulties
and hardships of long and laborious jour-
neys, the slowness of the mails, and the
enormous cost of transporting goods kept
the people of each state tributary to their
own separate colonial center of trade and
influence, and kept their activities within
the ample and Suff1clent jurisdiction OF the
local laws of their states.
Causes Of the Closer Union.
1.-The fears of the fathers of the republic
was that these separate and self-sufficient
communities would fall apart; that the
Union would resolve into it's constituent
elements that. it grew in population
and area, it would split up into number
of separate confederacies. Few of the men
of 1877 would have deemed it possible that
the Union they were forming could be
spread over the vast expanse from the
Atlantic to the Pacific and from the lakes
to the gulf. Three principal causes have
made this possible.
1.-The first has been the growth of a
national sentiment, which was at first al
most imperceptible. The very difficulties
and hardships to which our nation was SUBJ
jected in it's early years, the injuries to our
commerce. and the insults and ndignities
to our flag on~the part of both of the con-
testants in the great Napoleonic wars.
served to keep the nation and national in
terests and national dignity constantly be-
fore the minds and in the feelings of the
people. AS the tide of emigration swept
westward, new states were formed of citi-
zens who looked back to the older states as
the homes of their childhood and their af-
lection. and the origin of their laws and
customs, and who never had the peculiar
and special separate political life of the
colonies. The civil war settled the suprem-
acy of the nation throughout the territory
of the Union, and its sacrifices sanctifed
and made enduring that national sentiment
Free Trade Among the States.
1.-The second great influence has been the
knitting together in ties of common in
terest of the people forming the once sep
arate communities through the working Of
free trade among the states. Never was a
concession dictated by enlightened judy
ment for the common benefit more richly
repaid than that by which the states sur
rendered in the federal Constitution the
right to lay imposts or duties on imports or
To 1t we owe the domestic market for the
products of our farms and forests and
mines and factories without a parallel In
history, and an internal trade which al
ready exceeds the entire foreign trade Of
all the rest of the world; and to it we owe
In q high deeree the consfan Mt ORA wing To-