davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
NEGRO CALLS Noon TO TASK.
Says He Has Treated the Colored Peo-
pie TreacherousIy.

tJAC
NJ. A. G. Martin. a colored lawyer liv-
ing at Holton, Kan, has sent to the
state Journal a communication concern
ing the attitude of the colored people
toward Governor Hoch. and toward NICK
Chilas, the editor of the Topeka pam
dealer. Mr.. Martins communication was
addressed to the Plaindealer, but ap-
parently failed to be appreciated at that
office It says in part:
Editor Of the Plaindealer.
A short time ago you came out IN
your paper denouncing Governor Hoeh
saying to the colored voters, DO all
you can in the coming election to De
feat the present governor because ne dlQ
not give US a square deal in the Wyan-
dotte school affair.
You then claimed that he was Ken
lucky bred man with rebel blood in his
veins. You sent this to the four WINDS
of the earth and every voter caught II
as it passed and lauded you as q de-
fender Of our race You urged US 70
vote for any man to defeat Hoch. and
the people generally who read your ed
torial believed that you were sincere IN
the defense of the rights OF your people
as a race. But all Of a sudden without
any apparent reason you have changed
and say vote for Hoch.
How comes this great and sudden
change without any reason? Someone
must have put their hand behind them
so radical change. If the signing OF
the bill by Hoch was wrong then, why
is it not wrong now?
When you speak Of this outrage as
mistake you discredit your claim for
his support If he was so ignorant that
he could not see the evil effect of such
law to our race, his ignorance makes
him a dangerous person In such posi-
ton, and not worthy the support of any
one. especially those he has so treacher-
ously outraged.
Such treachery to a people on the part
of a body of intelligent men claiming to
be their special friends can not be
found In the history Of legislative bodies
and the Republican papers generally
throughout the state permit the sugges-
ton of Mr.. Dayton to make the law
general in the state. to pass without
comment. To cap the climax and add
insult to injury our friends the Repub-
licans, have published to the world and
Haunted in the faces of the colorec peo-
pie of the state that the managers OF
the Republican party intend to send out
missionaries among US who will inform
US how to cast our ballots.
For a number of years some of the
most intelligent colored people Of the
as tools by the political bosses and that
our vote was regarded as sort of chat
tel owned by the party and subject to
the dictation of men in authority, but
the most radical among US never dream
ed of such gall and hypocrisy as IS op-
emily confessed in the above. existing
among those whom we have been taught
to regard as friends.
NJ. A. G. MARTIN.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
SAVE THE STATE MONEY.
X. L. VIII Make Analysis OF Water for
Board OF Health.


DR.. S. J. Crumbine. secretary OF the
state board Of health, today received
letter from Chancellor Frank Strong of
Kansas university. placing at the dis
posal Of the state board of health, with
out charge, the services of the chemis-
try professors and chemical laboratories
of the state university in making ana
lyses of water in connection with the
survey of all the larger streams of
Kansas to be made under supervision
of the United State geological survey.
This offer of Chancellor Strong"
said DR.. Crumbine, will save US about
$50 per month which we expected to ex-
pend for the service of a chemist It
will enable US to expend more money
for the work in the field. I am ex-
pecting a representative of the United
States government here within a few
days to make preliminary arrange
ments for starting the work. The plan
is to survey and inspect every stream in
Kansas which is used for supplying wa
ter to towns. The sources of pollution
will be determined, and methods for
preventing contamination proposed 1t
prohibit the pollution of streams, and
will insure the purest possible water
supply This is a matter of the great
est Importance in view Of the fact that
nearly every town of 1000 people or
over is either already dependent upon
waterworks or expecting to put in wa
terworks and sewer systems. It Will
take two or three years to complete this
survey. The legislature will be asked
to appropriate 1880 a year. and the
government Will give the SanS amount -
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

means, ne would not have consented
to hold his place against the wishes of
the convention. The most fundamental
OF All Democratic principles is the
right OF the ma ority to rule. and the
man who consciously and purposely
ignores It has no claim to the name of
Democrat
Wants the Party to Protest.
At the recent state convention the
delegates. although they did not vote
directly on the question to ask his
resignation. voted to table the resolu-
ton. and that may be accepted as a
vote OF Endorsement This gives him
his position for two years more.
me question now is, what can the
democracy OF Illinois do to register it's
protest against the kind of politics for
wnicn MI Sullivan stands? That is
the question in which I, as a Democrat.
am interested. for the question which
arises IN Illinois will arise in all the
other states where the corporations at
tempt to obtain control of the party
organiza ton
What is the objection to Mr. Sui
ivan? He is high official in a fran
chlse holding corporation which is con-
stantly seeking favors at the hands of
the government He is familiar with
all the methods employed by such corr
porattons to gain from local and state
governments special favors and privi-
ieges hold that no man who is Off
that Is seeking privileges ought to act
as member of a political organization
because ne can not represent his cor
poration and the people at the same
time.
If you say that I have no right to
interfere in the politics Of this state I
reply that I am simply applying to
Illinois a principle which I believe
ought to be applied universally. I do
not regard It as q compliment to be in
dorsed for the presidency by a conven-
ton which Endorsed Mr.. Sullivan. told
them in advance that did not want
an Endorsement under such circum-
stances. and I repudiate it. If my
nomination for any Office depended
upon that Endorsement would not ac-
cept It.
Z suggest that every candidate for
office who wants the people to have
confidence in him should announce that
he is opposed to Mr.. Sullivan's meth
DDS that he repudfates his leadership
and will oppose his reelection. It is
not the time for towards. There are
times when men can slide into Office
by lodging issues, but when the life
Of the party and its chances for success
depend upon establishing its character,
those who are not with the people are
against them, and those who refuse to
speak out must expect their silence to
be construed as acquiescence In cor
porate domination"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

New York: London is bullish on Cop
per. Gates says to buy stocks on this
earnings as compared with last year from
January of about pa million. Ordinarily
the selling of the holdings of the Pennsyl-
vania company and B. and O. and N. W.
would have been considered bearish on
the latter stocks by increasing the market
supply These stocks are strong and be-
heve are purchase Money is p per
Chicago: Corn and oats receipts are
heavy. but the latter is showing the most
strength owing 70 the good cash demand
Receiving houses are selling the Decem-
Der and May against their purchases in
the country. The corn crop IS practically
assured every where and promises to be
fully equal to last year.
Chicago: The provision experts are
very much mixed on this market The
packers control the situation and the pro-
fessionals are afraid to get short any
great amount for fear that they will be
run in The cash demand also shows
signs of decreasing and stocks of provis-
can give IS to wait for good action one
way or the other and buy on the breaks
New York: The money situation is
rather disconcerting at first glance, but
not be paid to this development, as it
seems to be only of momentary impor-
lance. It IS stated on excellent and con-
serNaIiVe LONDON authority that as much
as Is million dollars in gold can be with
drawn for our account from the open
market there within the next five or six
weeks. while the Bank of England could
spare ten million dollars more and Paris
like amount. In addition large amounts
could also be obtained from Australia, and
as the amount thus far secured has been
quite small. It is evident where the bun
party has derived its stock of confidence
in the general situa ton Secretary Shaw
will, IN all likelihood, feel called upon to
increase government deposits with the
banks and foreign buying will be an in
creasingly important factor. Pennsylva-
MA sale Of stocks in other roads can not
fail to effect sentiment abroad very IA
vorabiy. as It shows our greatest railroad
in a role Of seeking to abide by public
opinion and the law rather than to gain
by placing obstacles in the way Of the
enforcement of new statutes. We are very
bullisf on the market and especially in
case there IS q weak opening in the mon
ey situation today We would advise
buying the good stocks-B- and o.. Penn
sylvania- Reading. Canadian Pacific
Union Pacific Southern Pacific, New
New York Central. St Paul. Louisville
and Nashville, Erie, Steel and Shelter
Town Topics.
Chicago: Things look mighty bearish
this morning. Lower cables. heavy re-
ceopts and good acceptS ices reported on
corn and oats Unless ething develops
after the opening. think we will see lower
prices al around Might be good idea
TO throw over long stuff on any little
rally and catch IN lower down.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
TO RELIEF OF THE SHERIDAN.
The U. S. Transport Thomas sails for
Manila via Honolulu.

San Francisco. Sept. 5.-The United
States army transport Thomas sailed to-
day for Manila via Honolulu. She car
ries a large quantity of wrecking gear,
from the Mare Island navy yard and
other sources of supply, which will be
used in an effort to float the transport
Sheridan, now on the reef at BARRIERS
Point island of Oahu.
experimenting Engineer Donnelly, OF
the transport service, who will have
charge of the wrecking opera tions is on.
the Thomas. with a rigger, diver and
I'VE assistants. The Bufford, which left
Seattle yesterday, carrying all the
wrecling apparatus obtainable on Puget
sound. Both the Thomas and Bufford
will stand by the Sheridan as long as it
is necessary.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Kansas City. Sept. .-Close-WHEAT-
Receipts today, 165 cars. Market closed
unchanged to nc lower, with quotations
as follows: Sept, 635sc; Dec. 65s<c; May,
7o1sc. Cash: No. , hard, 651zd671zc; No
hard, 541k466c; No , red, 661zd67c; No. 3
red 641zQ66c.
Dec, 3Sssc, May. 387sc; July. 3914c. Cash:
No. mixed, 430437zci No, white, 45Ac-
OATS-Market unchanged. No. , white,
By Q311kc: No. 2 mixed, S975c
RYENo. 2, 57Q59c.
HAY-Market steady Choice timothy,
81. 25G1200; choice prairie, $S.75d9.O0
BUTTER-AIarket firm. Creamery, ex-
ira, 23c: packing, 1870.
EGGS-Market firm. Fresh extra 20c.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

MIA and other recent speculative favorites
showed small fractional gains. but there
was long list Of decline as well. North
western and American Ice rose about 8
point and Denver and Rio Grande and
Sugar and large fractions. Northern Pa
cific, Baltimore and Ohio. Chesapeake and
Ohio and National Biscuit declined S to
q point.
Under the stimulus of a good demand
for Reading and Atchison the market
shook on its uncertain movement and be-
gan to rise. Stocks that had been de-
pressed recovered and the list In general
sold a good fraction above yesterdays
Atehison rose point. Reading is points
and Great Northern preferred IA points.
Near II o'clock when operations com
menced in call loans with II per cent bid
prices weakened and there was a sharp
decline below the nrst prices
Canadian Paciflc's decline ran TO 2sk
points, St. Paul ? points, Northwestern.
New York Central Colorado Fuel and
North American 156 to ~ points. Penn
sylvanis and United States Steel prefer
red point Selling pressure then relaxed
ana there was some recovery. Smelling
rallied % points and Union Pacific New
York Central and Brooklyn Rapid Tran
sit point. The market became dull and
uncertain at the rally
Bonds were easy at noon.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
IT CAUSED HER SUICIDE.
Thayer Young Woman Charged With
Theft Drank Poison.

Thayer, Kan, Sept. 5.-Berenice Will
son, the 15-year-old daughter OF Mrs.
Harve Russell, committed suicide here
by drinking an ounce and a half of car
bolic acid. She died in 20 minutes after
drinking the acid. before the doctors
who were summoned could do anything
to save her.
She was at home at the time and after
helping with the dinner stepped outside
the room, took the fatal drink, came
back and told her mother what she had
done, giving as her reason that her
cousin had taken some clothing from
the home of L. W. Sillwell, where she
had been working. and that StillweIl's
folks thought she had taken the ar
ticles.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Kansas City. Kan. Sept 5.-Mayor
". ". Rose and the city council are
still at a deadlock over the conf1rma-
ton of the mayors appointees on the
fire and police departments The list
was submitted for the fifth time last
evening and the council refused to
confirm by a vote of to 5.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Liverpool opening cables: Wheat AG9sd
lower corn I'd lower.
Liverpool, $50 p. m: Wheat 6d1kd low
Car lots at K G.: Wheat, 500: corn. 90;
Estimated car lots at K c. Thursday:
Wheat, 165; corn, q; oats. II.
Car lots at Chicago: Wheat, ia; corn,
49S; oats, $50.
Estimated car lots at Chicago Thurs
day: Wheat, SO; corn, 31s; oats, 15S.
n. w. car lots: Minneapolis. 81; Du-
luth. PAP A year ago: Minneapolis, 2e2;
Duluth, go
Closing Liverpool cables: Wheat A6ssd
lower: corn I'D lower.
K. c. puts and calls: December corn,
good next week, 1c away.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
MrNNows FOR RENO COUNTY.
Government Fish Car Leaves 200 Rock
Bass for a Private Pond.

Hutchinson, Sept. 5.-Car No of
the government fish department,
was tackled on to Santa Fe No.
last night. They are on a trip OF
distribution over the west They put
off 200 Rock bass minnows here for
New Webster. He has a fish pond and
is stocking up with the minows. The
fish are raised at Manchester Iowa,
where the government has a fishery.
The car was in charge of J. H L.
Campbell, and he had three assistants
and a coIored cook The fish are car
ried in ten gallon cans. This car had
had 14O of these cans with a total OF
about 2o.OOo fish altogether.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
OfARsHALL's an GARFIELD.
VIII Give Another Free Open Air CON
cert Tomorrow.

MarshaIl's band. will give free open
air concert tomorrow evening at Gar
field park. North Topeka, and an. excel
lent programme has been arranged for
it. Plans have been made also for the
adequate lighting of the park and if the
weather conditions are favorable the
concert will be given under almost ideal
conditions There is no prettier place
in the vicinity of Topeka than Garfield
park. During the last couple of months
it has been put in the best possible
shape and 1t is likely that a large crowd
will take advantage of the opportunity
to hear the band play under such de-
lightful surroundings.
Following is the programme for the
concert;
-March-RoH- of Honor. 49,. Clement
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS to the
3-Idyl-Capriciou Wood Nymphs-
---------,.- -------.--- l@oSSsy
erenade-A1oonIigh -. 49,. Moret
-Waltz-W edding of the Wind. Hail
Observation-Disclosures ....... Scouton
7--Selection-Lucia 49, ..-..Donizetti
8-Medley-R emicks Hits ......L ampe
e.x- wr-z e-FT5 NV $780,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
New York Produce Market.

New York. Sept. 5.-BUTTER-Mar
firm Western factory, common to firsts
1501Sc; western imitation creamery, firsts
1S619c; ditto, extras, 20d21c.
EGGS-Marzet strong Western firsts,
210211zc Official price: 21G21hc
POULTRY-Alive poultry steady today
Western spring chickens. he; fowls and
turkeys, 14c Dressed steady to firm
Western spring chickens, 13dl5c; turkeys,
11G14e; fowls, 10G14c.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
Atchison schools onen-

Atchison. Kan. Sept 5.-Tshe public
schools opened Tuesday with an enroll
ment a little lighter than at the opening
last year. Superintendent yeatch ac-
counts for the lighter enrolment bv
the fact that school opened two weeks
earlier this year than last, and good
many pupils who are away to spend
the summer have not returned.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
A BEER WAGON UPSET.
The Police Aid the Driver in Picking
Up His Goods.

Kansas City. Kan. Sept. 5.-The po-
lice were called to assist IN setting up
a beer wagon. which turned over at
Sixth street and Haskell avenue about
o'clock last night. Several cases of
beer were dumped out and broken on
the pavement. The driver was drench-
ed with beer, but was not otherwise in
i11rad
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
IdeberIman Is Bound over.

Four cases against Sam Lieberman
were set for trial in the city court this
morning two of them being dismissed
at the request of the county attorney
as they could only be prosecuted as
rnisdemeai1ors The two remaining
cases which are felonies If proven will
be prosecuted and he was bound over
to the district court under $500 bond
which he was unable to give at the
time
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Chicago. III, Sept. 5.-CHEESE- Market
steady. Daisies, 12l4G121kci Twins, u1zc;
Young Americas. PIC
POULTRY Alive poultry steady. Tur-
keys, 13c; chickens, lie; springs, 12c.
BUTTER Market steady Creamery, 10
d231kc. dairy. 17d201zc-
EGGS-Market firm. At mark, cases in
GUIDED. 121hG16c
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Lincoln, Neb.. Sept. 5.-Lincoln de-
feated Sioux City today in the fourth
Western league game of the series, the
game being played at the state fair
grounds before an immense crowd
Score by innings: r II E.
Lincoln ...---.---..-..z - II
Sioux City ..-.....--0 Q o o o Go
Batterfes-Maddox and Zinran;
Newlin and Freese. Umpire Edinger.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
WILL HAVE DEBs OUT.
Lyon County Socialists Arrange for the
Orator in NTid-september.

Emporia, Sept 5.-The Emporia and
Pike township Socialists have made ar
rangements for the appearance <Iere of
the leader of their party in America,
Eugene Y. Debs. He will speak on
Economies" in the afternoon of Sep
TENDER 16. II or 1s at the opera house.
and a small admission will be charged.
Mr.. Debs was in Emporia about two
years ago.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Abilene. kan. Sept. 5@AbiIene de-
feated the Kansas City Webers again,
outplaying them at every point The
score was 10 to 1. The visitors showed
neither batting nor fielding ability
compared with the locals
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

wall St, New York, Sept 5.-STOCKS-
Uniform advances in Americans in Lon
don did not prevent a thoroughly mixed
tone in the active speculation dealings in
stocks at the opening here today The
Hartman Pacifacs St. Paul. Pennsylva-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

New York. Sept. 5-COTTON-sal to-
Quotations per 100 pounds: Niddling up
lands $50; niddling gulf. SO Is
Galveston, Tex, Sept 5.-COTTOS=
Market steady. at SIC per pound.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

New York, Sept 5.-SUGA R-Raw sugar
firm Fair refining. 3xGs7kc: centrifugal.
80 test. 4c; molasses sugar. SlkG311c Re
ilned sugar steady. Crushed. $50: pow.
dered. $500; granulated. $3.50
., COFFEE,-Market quiet No. Rio.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

s. s5a45o: westerns. xs.soq5.s5: calves. $3.50
Receipts today. 81. 900 head Mar
ket 5q1oc lower. Mixed and butchers !,
s5.65976 35; good heavy. s5.SOd6.20; rough
heavy, s. 25Q5.60; light, $5.S016.3 IS: pigs,
S5-15@6. 10; bulk &. 70d6. IS
SHEEP-Receipts today, 1900 head
Market steady to 10c lower. Sheep, So 500
49, lambs. s4.60G7.55.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Kansas City, Sept. g.
CATTLE Receipts today, 5000 head
Market slow and steady.
Receipts today, 5000 head. Mar
ket 5n10c lower. Bulk Of sales, $1,000
$40; top, 1925
SHEEP@Receipts today 5000 head.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
JOHNSON RENoslINATED.
Peace Between the Hearst and Regu-
Ter Democrats in Minnesota.

Minneapolis, MINI, Sept Gov
ernor Johnson and ticket of ''help
ers'' were nominated by the Demo-
cratic state convention. The conyen-
ton was one of the shortest on record.
In barely an hour after it was called to
order Governor Johnson had been
renominated.
The threatened breach between
Governor johnson and the Hearst
leaders seems in a fair way to be
healed Appeals for harmony are hav-
ing their effects The Hearst men
however are carrying their main
point. Frank A. Day will manage the
campaign, but he will not be chair
man Of the state central committee.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
Knnsne Citx Live stoclz NTarket.

Kansas City, No. Sept. SEATTLE
Receipts today 10000 head, including 1000
head OF southerns. Market steady. Ma
tive steers, 81. 25Q650; southern steers. $275
qS.S5' southern COWS, 81 go: native
feeders, 81. 50646O; bulls, S2.0043 Is; calves,
81. 50d550; western steers, $S.50G5. %; west
ern cows, S2O0d3. IS.
Receipts today. 1900 head. Mar
ket weak to sc lower. Bulk of sales. S. 05
$3.50; heavy. $6-00Q6 10; packers, 5000
$50; pigs and lights, Sc. 1868.
SHEEP-Receipts today, 5000 head.
Market steady to I0c lower. Muttons. 81 Is
G5.50 lambs, $60067.5O; range Wethers,
g. 65a5. IS; ewes. $425Q5.50
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
Topeka Hide nrnr1-e4

Topeka. Sept.
prices paid in Topeka this week ssses
on Boston quotations
GREEN SALT CURED 10.
10 HORSE. e. SSss 81 y
No Z TALICW .......s.......S 80
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
Chicago Markets.

FURNISHED by J. E. Gall, Commissions.
Grains, Provisions, Cotton and Stocks.
Office 10 West Sixth st. Telephone 1856
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Kansas City Live Stock Sales Today.
lIhe following sales were made to day at
the stocks yards. Kansas City, Mo-, and
telephoned to The Topeka State Journal
by Clay. Robinson & Co. live stock COM
mission merchants, with offices at all
principal stock yards.l
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
Range of Prices on stocrs

Furnished by J. E. Gall, Commissions,
Grains, Provisions, Cotton and Stocks.
orice 10 West Sixth st. Telephone 1851
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

HOGS.

IF Furnished by Charles Wolfc Packing co
Yards close at noon on Saturdays.1
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05
Chicago, Sept.
Open High Low Close Ye:

National Board of Trade Kansas City
FURNISHED by J. z. Gall. Commissions.
Grains. Provisions. Cotton and Stocks
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

NIIICtI2gtl IIIFF NEDCN.
Chicago. Sept Receipts to-
day 26. 0o0 head Market 1Oc lower. Beeves
50. 6566 50; cows and heifers 81 zoos. Is;
stockers and feeders. $2.5OQ435; Texans.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-05

Furnished by J. E Cali, Commissions.
Grains. Provisions, Cotton and Stocks.
Onice 10 West Sixth st. Telephone 4S6 J