davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
Dad atorr of Yeuna oIfI.

Nellie Stone. arrested In com.
pany wiih u Johnson last night,
pleaded guilty 90 being a dlaor
DERBY person today and WAS turned
over 20 Police Matron Kelly. wbo
will tfy 10 secure the giri employ
meut Miss Stone IL ~ years
Of age Tier companion. ID John
son. WAS fined t26 lie 10 81 years
OH
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
VIII slNo "THr HOLY CIV

Under the direction % PROT jas
Hamilton Howe. the Plymouth
chorus will give q musical service
At Plymouth church. Third av. and
University ct sunday night AZ 20
O'Clock uaulH popular aratorio
The Holy city n the work
sterling silver toilet sets. Nm. II
FInek. Pioneer JeNeier, sob End hv
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
GAME RESERVE


WASHINGTON. u. {. Dec. H.
The house this afternoon passed a
biii creating n game preserve 81
nearly 1O0.0n acres within the
Olympic forest reserve. ia the state
~ Washington
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
UNIFORM sANN RECEPTION

ne r~cerfioa te b. siesu tn homer
. a. pn,form eomrans No & ~
- eeal lesiss kniEhta q fythfss
A. sv~nlng At EaEieH HALL prem
~n heA his affair Amons those
= .p@sk arr uayeruor A " Mead
Sc n A. HaliinEef Frur e 8
s@ssy MayoF William Hickman
Nasfs. saprsme Representative g.
Hanashuy a. hclimEhanA "a n
vsssmaale Il Sposans. John n
x.ssa aua ea-Gav taaa "a NJ
aa~. The Ballard ard Tacoma
eaxss wll AgienI In a basiy faele-
rsrs I'll b. present frem uiymHia.
h,Eaxham Everett. srekans and
aker lesiges-
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

unnila. baaaa. Meaara Williams
and uanliu have bot recently be-
come members ~ the Plymouth
quartet ana sIi be heard 300 special
ncN berH.
Gold iorkafs aud chaias WIN ~.
Fnek. pioneer Jsnolef pos znd Az
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

chosen Tho sololsts viii be- ME-
Niun Martin Hatcher soprano
Afs ftoueyn . Jansen. eouifait9
Herbert Williams tenor. and ~ .
Diamonds are found IA mul For
tunes are found in tideiHnda Il
Cooper wills. a. coiman Builtios
80
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

old silver. gun metal and suam-
eiaa watches for ladies and gentle
men. WIN n. Finck. Pioneer Jew
eier. s0s Ind ave 80
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
RACE RIOT


GREENNitt.E. Mass. Doe. t.
A race riot has started here. Five
men have been killed and the town
10 under martial law
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
ATTORNEY DISCARDED.

convicted in March. 1908. Of obtain
HOY y Fierce. a seattle attorney
inE money under false prctouese
VAS this morning disharrvd b. an
orduF signed b. Judge fgatoF Of
the superior cuurt
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
C. N. a ST. p. FRANCHISE UP

The corporations committee this
Hftsrnuan 10 discnssiuK the fran
ehiss asked b. the c. n p =
along a new route down the Cedar
FtHfF
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
The Owners OF
laureIhurst

Are giving 10 every one visiting
Laurolhurst for the next few DAYS
an elegant prospectus containing
beautifully colored photographs Of
faurelhurst and It's surroundings
Every one Interested Ia high class
property should visit Laurulhurat
within the next few days and pro.
cure one OF those handsome fold
eFH
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
FLASHES

Sunday AZ the v. ~. c. A.
Rev J Il ?. Liywd ulli BE- tho
speaker AZ the sunday afternoon
meeting 81 The 7 NJ G A
Trinity Men Meet
The Nena slnh ~ the Triuity
Episcopal church viii hold DIN
nnF Wednesday evening ht which
niahop ksAtor end DR. = NJ Pad
clifford. % tho university. all speak
Sues s. &. c. Fer 5000.
z. namoua began suit TO-DAY
against the Seattle Electric co foi
s.. 90 for injuries received Angus
s The trial ia noN belux held IL
JudFe 0nuam's court
wouid. be Suicide Released.
Henry nuHamau. 81 North faki
ma. uha attempted suicide q, the
Stevens hotel. as today released
FROM che eouaty JAIL. where DO had
been taken.
rpnsrst 81 e.. Lobe.
Arrangements for the funeral ser
vices of Emil. Lobe. the Seattle pio
n1gr who died "Wednesday niKht IN
Kansas city. vii not BE- made un
~ the body Is brought back to Sc.
attic
Recommend Rightof Way,
The corporations committee this
affcruoun voted To recommend the
granting - a ieefooi fight-of VaY
along the Cedar river to the Chi.
eaTu. Milwaukee A ~ Paul
Tacoma Mar Lost Here.
w. o Woods. Is years % aEe
u Tacoma. was reported 20 the 10
cal police this morning by J "
Woods. u 1905 = South A. a. miss.
Ing from bis home since November
30
Banquet q, New Waldorf
The officers and etofficers Of
the FIRST Presbyterian church viii
hold banquet in the New Wal
dorf Monday. December H. The
function vill be enlivensd with
post.prandlal orations aud musical
numbers.
Sues for Husband's Death.
Anna Murray today filed suit
against the stmson Mil Co. %
Ballard for damages amounting t.
f34i. ON Oct 90 Murray. who
waa employed by the stimson NH
Co. was killed near Junita by bis
team running away.
Fleadish Crime Charged.
Sidney W Johnson. a painter and
carriage make, was arrested b.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

Naw Great Northern train 10
Vancouver y G.. leaves n 20 ..
M daily. commencing December ?.
aieepers for BeliinEham and Van.
couVer 80
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

Dr. Hunt. dentist. go Burke
Building. Phone. Ind baz Seattle
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
MORE MAIL CARRIERS.

. The local postoffice received
q instructions from Washington
. this morning 70 put IL more
. letter carriers At wurk begin
sulnx January IS This T. = re-
= suit Of the inspection OF tho 81.
. fee b. = member of the sec
. ond assistant postmaster gen.
. erals office some time ago
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

BANK cLEARisos.
A. L. Nall

AN FIRST ave has = complete stock
- boxing gloves and punehing haEs
Iust the thing TOT = Christmas
present 80
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

STYLISH CLOTHES. without the
big prices Elliott a Mesrogof.
1899 Second as.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

solid sold and sold filled Eusf8
chains Wm ". Fluck. Pioneer
Jsweisr. sBs End ave -.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07

aagb Ne. o. Sc Bailey Iron Jack
Plane tfes A. suluniuEs. -
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
Smoking Jackets

BIG VALUES
LIKE
BIG HORSES
DRAW WE'LL
We re no big house.
Have no big head.
We give big values.
DO a big business
Because we re
fright.
Sell fright
goods.
At "rightm' price 8
All the time.
We press your
clothes once a
week
Free of charge.
Always pleased to
show peop1e
through.
Come here just
once.
You'll save So. 90.
You II come again,
And send your
friends, too.
MEN s SUITS.
cRkvENETTEs.
RAIN COATS.
ovERcoATs,
SO TO $50.
JOE SCHERMER g. co.
1910 First Av.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
EnameIed Watches

s'rsa cFollsl Tailor. sa' "a AZ
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-12-07
sues ior t.u.bana'. p.sth.

Fiesdish Crime Charged.
sidney W Johnson. a painter and
make, was arrested b.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21
AMERICANS IN CUBA.
ARMED GUARD FROM U. S.
CRUISER is LANDED.
Action Is Taken at the Rcuues of
President Palma, who Feared of
m Uprising in observation-disclosures 90
Guard American Interests.

President Palma, in Il moment OF
panic Thursday, asked for the protHc-
ton Of American sailors and guns and
1870 men were landed from the cruiser
Denver. Commander COlWCll of the
Denver and Mr.. Sleeper, II American
charge d'affaires, explain that the sail
ors were landed only TO protect .\mrri
ran interests. 1t is admitted, however,.
that President Palma asked for pEntrr-
ton, fearing an almost INN, dtAt" at
tack on Havana from the rebels.
Later in the might Comm"EC"r Coz
we'll was shown Il press dispatch from
Washington stating that the sailors
from the cruiser Denver had Hrrn or
dered to return. He said he believed
be had done right. However. If, after
reaching an Understanding of the situn-
ton, the Navy Department ordered the
return Of the sailors on board ship, the
order wOHil Nr carried uut.
President Palma and hls colleagues
In the government were In 4 state of
demoralizc1l panic when they asked
that the sailors be lAnGrl. The rebels
were 1t the doors Of the city and n
larG" body started to march on lla-
vH'l. The report was current that
!'..o Guerra, Mt the head of 5000 men,
NOr.l enter the city and thnt the pOpu-
lation would rise almost rs 4 unit in
his hc'l<.
The administration already had lost
control of the entire island except GER
tain considerable towns. Havana was
Isolated. as the wires were cut in every
direction. All railroads had suddenly
been brought to Il stHudstill. There
were popular demonstrations every
where in favor Of the revolution. Of
details were turning over towns to the
rebels and the defeat Of the Palma adj
mlnistration seemed inevitable. 1t was
these facts which led Palma to appeal
for American sailors.
The landing of the American force
was followed by an extraordinary Incl
dert. Commander Colwell was APP
preached by an accredited emissary of
Alfredo Zayas, president of the Liberal
Enrty, and Gen. LoynaZ Gel Castillo,
commander of the insurgent forces in
Havana province, with a signed offer
from each of the men named to sur
render their commands and hand over
their arms to Commander Colwell on
the sole condition that the United
States government through him guar
anteC them fair and judicial trials.
Commander Colwell, accompanied by
Charge d'Affaircs Sleeper, Immediately
carried the proposition to President
Palma. The President was Immensely
pleased md asked Colwell If he would
accept the ~surrenders. Commander Col
we'll replied in the negative, but advised
the President to communicate with the
Washington government on the subject
Hurry orders were Issued to com.
manders of cruisers Newark, Tacoma
and CLEVELAND ot NOrroYk. Va. to Dra
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

One day during the seige Of COrinth
General Nelson came to the front to
look after things, ana especially to
see how IL ~favoritr battery of artillery
was getting. along. y party OF rebel
shurpshooters had taken refuge in onc
old house about half 4 mile to the
front of our force, and the artillery
men were directing their guns upon
it. lie grew very impatient because
the house had not yet been struck
and ode hastily up to the guns.
They will pick you off there, Cen
| cral,'' said our sergeant in a warning
voice.
The general snapped out: $50 to
HI. sir; no, l mean to thank you,
sir"
just Their came a long tom with a
"zip.' The general, hearing the we'll
known sound, jumped off his horse in
a rage. caught one of the guns, ran it
forward by main strength and aimed
it himself, remarking that he would
show them how to shoot at him..
AS he was aiming our captain said:
"A little too high, general but was
met with the ever ready reply, go to
HI" and ordered to pull the string.
The ball went crashing through the
tree tops not a hundred yards ahead
of us, more in the direction of the sly
| than the house; but it happened that
at the same instant one of our other
guns was fired, and the ball struck
the chimney of the house.
The general, seeing the chimney fall,
shouted: "By God, sir, I knew it; it
takes me to knock things about them,'
and rode away. calling back, Captain,
I will call around in the morning and
give you practice; 1 can hit 'em ev-
cry time"
He did not hear the laugh that fol
lowed. but old Jakey'S shot was never
Observation-Disclosures Tribune.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

the agricultural classes in Britain a
knowledge of the life, conditions and OPP
pcrtunities in the three prairie provinces
that should greatly quicken the stream
of settlement from the rural districts of
Britain to Canada.
From the Western States, too, valuable
assistance has been received in the work
Of harvesting the crop this year, and some
of the finest fields in Saskatchewan and
Alberta have been worked almost eXclu-
Sively by Americans. SO successful has
been the settler from the Western States,
usually. that he is invariably the fore
runner of a colony from that portion of
the State whence he came. and, through
the new provinces particularly. there is
a very strong representation from North
and South Dakota, Oregon, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Kansas. Iowa. Michigan. Hi
nois. Missouri and other States of the
Union. These are amongst the most pro-
gressive settlers, as they come well pro-
vidpd with money. completely equipped
with stock and machinery, and possessed
of knowledge of western farming which
cannot possibly be possessed at first hand
by the settler from beyond the ocean.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

mand, led the way UNTIL he stood on the
very edge of the works, overlooking the
enrmy within. of whom he demanded in.
stant and complete surrender.
He was far in advance of his men.
and the enemy, OF fist taken ahark by
the very boldnras OF the demand, now
seeing him, as they thought, unsuppOrt-
cd. refused to surrender, but called to
him TO give himself up as prisoner. The
captain. not at all inclined to yield his
sword the very first tame OF its ear
iu-, called back:
"Some OF YOU men of Company +,
with guns. come up h"rr,'
ii rushed the uudluutrl SharpshOot-
CrS. and the Who'll" Confederate force
of some five hundred men surrendered
without delay to he little company
which, from its daring, they supposed to
iA a, hast
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

Famine is reported in Bengal following
foods and a poor harvest.
Marquis di San Guiliano has been APP
pointed Italian ambassador to England.
Mrs. Jennie Cook, employed as an as
sistant to Matron Pratt at the detention
home in Los Angeles. CAL. was shot and
almost instantly killed by her divorced
husband.
The Barcelona Chamber of Commerce.
the economical societies and the League
for Industrial Defense have forwarded
congratu!atory addresses 10 the minister
OF finance relative to the conclusion of
the Spaa:sh-American commercial treaty.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

look t. the United States for the protec-
ton pledged them.
The causes underlying the present re-
volt in Cuba are various. In the first
place, her people are not immune from
that prediction of all Latin-American
countries which makes them prefer an
appeal to arms rather than recourse to
the peaceful arbitration Of the ballot box.
In the second place, too many of the
male inhabitants OF Cuba of voting age
desire to hold political or military po-
Sltlons, and there are not, and never
will be, enough paying positions to go
around.
In the third place, there are several
thousand men on the island who nave
been engaged in wars since they were
boys, and who do not know how to do
anything else and who do not care to
learn.
Ever since Columbus discovered Cuba
it has been a battlefield. For 100 years
prior to the Spanish American war the
native Cubans and the negroes were
at almost constant warfare against the
Spanish authorities. Time and again,
until the record is tiresome, the island
was devastated. Sugar cane fields and
mills were burned, tobacco plantations
laid waste, and the land marked with
ruin from Capes Maisi to San Antonio.
Yet such was the natural productivity
of the soil that fortunes were made in
the intervals of peace, and billions of
wealth poured into Spain from the land
it misgoverned. Our war with Spain
was waged to the purpose that the long
era of oppression, bloodsheG and law
l~essness should forever end. In order
that we might be acquitted Of any ma
tional ambition of new territory, we
freely permitted Cuba to attempt the
task and to assume the responsibilities
of self-government.
1t is probably true that there was
sharp practice and open fraud in the
last national election in Cuba. There
is good reason to believe that Presi-
dent Palma of the Moderates is not
the choice of the majority of the quail
fed voters of the new republic, but it ID
equally certain that an armed revolt
would have followed the election of any
Liberal candidate who might lave been
named. There are scores Of complica-
lions and jeaiousies which enter into this
problem, but they all tend to confirm the
one conclusion, and hat is that the char
acter of the Cuban population is such as
to render the continued experiment of
national self-government too hazardous
to be tolerated by the United States.
This is not the language of diplomacy,
but it expresses a truth which will be
recognized sooner or later
The Cuban Congress met in ~eXtraordi-
nary session Friday bills prepared au-
tllorize Palma to use 100000 to sup
Iress the Instruction and permit him
to suppress newspapers and deport for
cigners. Troops are being drawn into
Havana in expectation of rebel attack.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

bulletin of the association sizes up the
situation as follows: Wheat. S~1.2O3,oOO
bushels: oats, 7%5,72J,G0O bushels; barley,
49, 31 $50.
,fhis is a lower estimate than either of
the others. but We must consider that 1t
is a railway-tOur estimate. Nhllst tn"
others were made by men in the wheat
field, so to speak and the circumstances
somewhat favor the correspondent and
the local bank manager. respectively. IN
his estimate. But there is one point upon
which all agree, and that is that the wheat
crop of 1906 is of excellent quality
throughout. that it is characteristic OF
Western Canada's grain and will grade
high all along the line. On this point
American grain men such as j.. F. Nhal-
lon of Minneapolis, Finlay Barral of Chi
cago. Sheriff Brainerd of Springfield, ILL.,,
and others, are particularly explicit IN
their
\ careful examination Of all the fig
ures at present available would lead us
to believe that the yield will probably be
about 10000, 900 bushels. These figures
may seem disappointing to many who
lleved that the increased acreage un".
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21
A Piucky Dash.

Gen. Ripley, whose recent death re.
moves another well-known figure from
the rapidly thinning ranks of the Civil
War veterans, was one of the earliest
among Vermont men to respond to the
first call of President Lincoln. His COM
pany was the old Rutland Light Guard,
and he afterward had a command in
the First United States Sharpshooters.
In vermont Rinemen' the general tells
of a bold charge of that gallant COM
pany.
4 great sovereign once addressed the
general Of his army thus: Il send you
against the enemy with sixty thousand
men," But" protested the general,
there are only fifty thousand" "Ah,
but l count 0 as ten thousand" was
the monarch's reply.
In the same spirit each man of Com
pany I agreed to call his comrade equal
to two. So while their numbers We're
not large. they counted themselves a
strong body, aud they dared to make a
brave assault on the foe at the Kappa.
hammock.
The enemy, in strong force, was occu-
pying rifle pits on the opposite banks,
and the Union soldiers were SEN out
to attack them. The sh~arpshooters were
in front, but it was soon found out the
enemy could not be driven away by
simple rifle work; and the regiment
was ordered to make a close attack.
The skirmishers went first. followed by
the s~harpshooters and other companies,
The men had to wade through the
open stream, waist deep, exposed to the
full, deliberate fire Of the concealed foe.
The lines were carefully formed, and
at the sound of the bugle the regiment
dashed forward into the cold, rapid
water and struggled to the opposite
shore.
When the bank was reached, the lines
were broken and the soldiers scattered
in their efforts to escape the hot fire
/ But '.+s siarpshootcTs pressed on. pass
| ing the skirmIsh line. The captain OF
Company +, just promoted to his com
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

After the hardest fighting ut the first
Battle of Manassas. where ~"StonewalI'
Jackson was wounded in the hand, DR..
Hunter Mrt;uire. .IurkSun'S medical di-
rector. was bandaging the wound. The
scene of the operation was the porch of
II little store at the crossing Of Il
stream. From his knowledge Of the
battlefield. the Hon. John $. Wise, nu-
thor o. "R~prollprtiunS Of Thirteen Pres
ideuts." thinks it must lave been where
the Su,Irv .oad crosses Nuung's Branch
near the Warrrntuwn pike. At any
rate, tn, tide of the battle had turned
in favor Of the C~oufpdpratcS, and Jack
SON had taken time to have his wound
dressed.
.\huut the place was Il large number
of men awaiting their turn. most Of
them wounded, some of them str@E.
glcrs. NO doubt. But Jackson knew the
situation thoroughly. and was not
alnr!nrl mt their presence.
Just then a horScmnn in civilians
dress, srvat!v excited, dashed up, and
refining ,p his horse in the stream, rose
in his Stirrups and began an impas-
stoned appeal to the men. begging them
not to give up the fight; assuring them
that they were not whipped that the
enemy was in retreat, and that if they
would not act like towards and cravens
victory was assured.
The horescman, having arrived upon
the field and hearing Of the reverses of
the morning, but not of the subsequent
successes of his side. had dashed for
ward, and, seeing this throng of appar-
ent stracglers. was seeking to ralIy
them and induce them to return to bat
tie. Neither Doctor Mcclure nor Gen
cral Jackson had ever seen him before,
and they had no idea who he was.
UDon hearing this o%utburst, Jackson
Nterallv flung aside the bandaCes Doc
tor Mcclure was placing on his hand,
and with more excitement THAI he was
ever knOWn to have shown before he ad-
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

pare to sail for Cuba at once. 1t Is re-
ported also that the general staff of the
army was ordered to prepare plan for
landing army in Cuba. President Roose-
Welt summoned the Secretary of the
Nav, and the acting Secretary Of State
for conference at Oyster Bay.
A dispatch from Mr.. Sleeper, Ameri-
can charge at Havana, says it is reported
that 300 insurgents attacked the rural
guards on the morning of Sept. ~ at
Zaza (Santa Clara province) and that
the government lost eighteen men, while
the loss of the insurgents is not known.
The government forces retreated to Sancti
Spiritus. Mr.. Sleeper adds that a rumor
is current of an uprising in Camaguay.
The postal service between Santiago and
Havana is interrupted. Mr.. Sleeper's re-
port is based on a telegram received from
the American consul at Santiago
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

boon the difficulty of obtaining needed
nnlp mt harvest time. As each year an
o,lditional area has been put under crop
This scarcity of help has been accentuated.
and during the present harvest the cry all
nion. the line has been "liarNeSt"rS
W,nr,I" The work of preparation and
SnrIin, is snrral over several months, but
the in.;tiArring Of ;hr harvest has to h"
,I,Yc IN 4 few weeks: hence the necessity
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1906-09-21

crop lN'' v"nr would hHr' yielded n lnrger
l"T II inCr,l>r rl IAr returns OF
l"''. T. chrl" are several causes tHlt
n'} r:r..aui'Ji - NO"p down the aNrr-
AG' -. II. He ga ,Y tI" numh'r Of
liz" ; hrs ;lr @1.Atrt' Me clAnr" "t IN
~ 49,. Il AL - Muil'loI" iIr"'''I :.
l. o., $50 urW, >""t!'r. as y ru!", WHO, II
hH> a'\."N ~ Hrrnk rrW Land, has N'Wn
oM y"lr'- : dNh!". AND a good lE'r-
IL" \ Ii ,lnlut De- rNp"|."I % Tins .in4.
liI ."' '-I. t. Il ln1A. a crop OF !'|'h''-