The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1906-09-10

the one earthquake, and, but to men.
| ton one other, We know that in 52f
a. d., another quake, centering alone
the Mediterranean, laid low some
100000 victims.
April would seem to be the favorite
month for earthquakes. History re-
cords number of 'quakes in that
month. Last year, for instance, on
the 4th of April, there were seven
distinct shocks in the valley of Kangra,
India. Entire cities were laid low, and
great destruction was wrought all
about, and other $4,000 people were
killed. Toward the end of the same
month Southern Europe felt distinct
shocks, though not severe ones, the
southeastern portion of France feeling
them the worst. Later, in the year
quite destructive earthquake &C.
CURED in the province of Calabria,
Italy.
We know that in the beginning our
earth was but piece, q fragment,
detached from an incandescent mass.
and being endowed wit hor having
impaired to it rotary motion, it
gradually assumed spherical form, ana
has slowly chilled, and as with all
fused, or semi-fused masses, the outer
surface being the coolest, solidified
an formed what we call the earth's
crust. In wells or mines you will
notice that, generally speaking, it is
about deg. hotter in every 100 feet
OF depth. But as further proof that
our center is still incandescent, the
moment that the entire crust is broken
into, or assured, there Immediately
pours forth matter in fusion in an
uncomfortable eruption, volcano!
Some volcanoes are insipient, while
others assume the proportions of
catacysms. According to most rea-
sonable calculations, the heat just be-
low the earth's comparatively thin
crust is something like 5000 deg, a
temperature in which nothing solid
can exist. Our crust is proportion
ately no thicker than the shell of an
egg is to that entire body. The in
candescent center is continually at
work in ebullition, so that in the regu-
lar order of things our crust is as
continually being forced up, or being
indentei or otherwise troubled, wor-.
ried, disturbed. Indeed, absolute peac.
an exception as is absolute peace
among those who inhabit it. In the
process of solidifying, the crust being
continually disturbed. did so in creases
and plaits, and those unevennesses
constitute the lines of "dislocation,"
the weak points of our globe.
In the Andes. for instance, are al
NEST numberless volcanoes, and earth
quakes are incessant $50 in Japan,
and in that country is the earthquake
of most frequent occurrence: indeed
there are seldom fewer than 500 in
year.
Along another we'll defined line are
earthquakes also most common. There
is seemingly a depression. a sort OF
ditch, almost completely around the
earth, traceable through the Mediter-
ranean, the Atlantic. the Antilles.
through Panama and the Pacific, and
on that line is a vertiable chain Of
volcanoes. Sc We find adjacent terri
tory most frequently ''quaked:" Lis
bon, Algeria, Provence, Naples, Sicily
devastated time and again by appal-
ing cataclysms The earthquake in
Lisbon, in 1855. destroyed 10000 lives:
Sicily lost 10000 lives. the earthquake
in the Isle of Ischia, in 1898, was e.
terrible one; and Peru. on that same
line. is most frequently shaken and
disastrously.
Three distinct types of earthquake
have been defined by scientists-the
vertical. by which buildings are liter
ally thrown in the air. or at least
where no lateral movement is evident.
and they collapse upon themselves, is
does wet rag held in the air and