davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
PLAN FOR BREEDING CORN

Perhaps less attention has been
given to the breeding of corn and the
selection of seed than gaS been given
to the cultivation and maintaining of
the soil fertility. The work of the
last few years, however, demonstrates
that it is just as important to breed
corn and wheat and other crops as it
is to breed stock Moreover, the eff
feet of the breeding and selection of
corn is as great and rne results are
much more quickly secured than in
the breeding of stock.
Choose field to grow seed corn
away from other fielos. Give special
cultivation to the corn. Plant at the
most favorable season, using all eff
forts to produce as perfect a develop
ment of the corn as possible. If
field away from the general corn field
cannot be selected, thea plant strip
through the middle or the large corn
field for the breeding plot.
Better select out forty or fifty of
the very choicest ears and plant the
corn from each ear in separate rows.
In this way the breeoer is able to de-
termine which are the best producing
ears and select seed from these for
future planting. When the corn is
tasseling and beginning to silk, pass
through the field and remove the tas-
, sells from the stalks which show no
/, appearance of Il snoot, and from
every feeble and diseased stalk, in
order to breed only the best. In this
| way the farmer really selects his
/ breeding stalks the same as he does
his breeding animafS. Seed corn
! should be selected in the field so that
the breeder may observe the stalk as
well as the ear. Select for uniformity
| in stalk and ear, choosing ears which
are well placed on vigorous, leafy
stalks. Select for uniform maturity
of ears as well as for uniformity in
type, size and quality.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
FARMERS, ELEVATORS

The work of organizing cooperative
farmers elevator companies, and
building elevators SO that farmers max
be independent of the prIvately-owned
elevator combinations, is going on
quietly, and quite as rapidly as is
conducive to permanent development
and successful operation. There is
nothing spasmodic about the move
ment, which is one or its best feat
ures. In North Dakota alone ten new
farmers elevators went into commits
sion the past fall, and began at once
to do a successful and satisfactory
business. They are located at Ender-
lin, Manfred, Valley City, BlabUn,
Honeyford, Oriska, Wyndmere, Peters
burg, Maza and York. These added
to those previously built, and the
others under contemplation and doubt
less to be built, will furnish the ma
terial for a consolidation of interests
that will make terminal houses owned
by the local associations easily pos
sible. and then farmers will be in
position to market their own products
unhampered by outside and adverse
influences. Let the local organizations
multiply, and when each has taught
it's members the art of cooperation
in local way they will be ready to
enter the larger field or cooperation.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
Agricultural Department


produced in the Middlewest by hardy
catalpa, black locust and Usage orange
Catalpa makes an excellent growth on
deep, porous, fertile soil, but only on
such soil. Five or Six-inch posts should
be ready to cut in about ten years.
In regions immune from the locust
borer black locust will yield satisfac-
tory returns from soil in which ca
talpa would fail, and for this reason
it is adapted to a wide area where
the rain fall Is light. Jnder ordinary
conditions locust should produce fence
material in fifteen years.
Usage orange also is not exacting
in its soil requirements. 1t is being
extensively planted for hedges and
windbreaks, from which a consider
able yield of fence posts may be OBJ
tained 1t makes satisfactory growth
on dry soils and reaches post size in
from fifteen to twenty years.
Several other species, such as white
willow, European larch, Russian null
berry and red cedar, are also being
grown with good results, but none of
them is better fitted to supply fence
posts than those first named
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15

has been scarcely DAY when idle
horses would not have been much
better out of doors than in. 1t is not
only better for the feet and legs, but
better for lungs, eyes and all other
organs. Fresh air and abundant sun
shine are the chief health givers to
animals as to man, and at no time OF
the year are they more nealthful than
on the comparatively mild days OF
winter, which has meant nearly all
days this winter.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
A NoIRE DAME LADY

l win send free. with full Instructions. some
Of this simple preparation for the cure OF Leu
corhroea. liberation DISBURSEMENTS, Failing
of the Womb Scanty or Painful Periods.
Tumors or Growths. Hot Flashes. Desire to
Cry, Creeping feeling up the Spine, Pain int the
Back and all Female Troubles to all sending
address To mothers of suffering daughters 1
will explain successful Home Treatment. Il
you decide to continue it will only cost about
cents a week to guarantee a cure. Tell other
sufferers of it. that is all / ask. II you are In
terested write now and tell your suffering
friends OF it. Address Mrs. M. Summers. Box
169 Notre Dame. Inc
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
GROWING OF FENCE POSTS

The. difficulty of obtaining fence
posts at reasonable prices has given
an impetus to forest planting in the
Middlewest. The local supply OF all
forest products is insignificant, and
timber, if not grown at home, must
be imported. Fields and pastures must
be fenced The posts must be had.
The annual production of fence
posts in the regular logging camps OF
the country, as reported by the last
census, is S,715.661. How many times
greater than this is the annual cut
from the home wood lot no figures
exist to show; but, by taking the total
number OF farms and their acreage
and making conservative allowance
for posts for the fences inclosing each
farm. it has been estimated that up
wards to one billion posts are set
each year.
Timber of the required quality is
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
NEBRASKA TREE BELTS

That forests will extend, of them
selves, even under disadyantageous
conditions, over the molster soils OF
western Kansas and western Me-
braska, and that Tins natural extern
sion may be fostered with profit, are
the interesting facts brought out in
Bulletin No. SIS of the United States
forest service, of which Royal S.
Kellogg is the author
The climate of nearly all this region
is essentially semiarid, being char
acterized by light and unevenly dis
tributed precipitation, high winds, ex-
cessive evaporation, and great fiuctuat
tons OF temperatures clear
ly umfayorable to the thrifty growth
of many forest trees. Fortunately, how
ever, most of the scanty rainfall.
which would otherwise often prove In
sufficient, comes during the growing
season. AS regards trees, the result
of adverse climatic factors is that
common hardwoods are confined close
ly to the water courses OF to compare
lively wet situations. Even the per-
manent subterranean water Is not suf-
ficient for all species; the excessive
evaporation also limits plant distribu-
ton. Trees have been killed in sea-
sons of severe drouth.
The bulletin deals IN detail with
the two forest types of the region
the valley type and the pine type
and with the process of reproduction,
by which they maintain themselves.
| This study is followed by an eXplana-
ton of the working of the natural
forces by which the forest continues
to extend itself.
The steps by which forestration be
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
A PASTURE GRASS

The successful growing of alfalfa
and Bronze grass in Nebraska may
conservatively be said to have doubled
the value of its broad acres Not
only is this true for the time being,
but must be true for all time to
come.
With grasses that yield SO abundant
" as these the highest-priced land can
be used profitably for dairying and the
raising of fine stock. This kind or
farming, while possessing many at
fractions, over the mere raising and
marketing of crops, affords the best
rotation Of crops, viz, from grain TO
grasses. Where this rotation can be
practiced the land Is sure to retain
it's fertility.
The time was when the pasture
problem was the most discOuraglng
proposition that confronted the Ne
braska farmer. The wild grass OF the
prairie furnished fairly good pas
ture for d very short season. Cattle
turned out on native grass pasture
May /, could not be expected to hold
their own. Cattle turned on TO such
pasture May Is, could hold their own
and no more Not unt1i ABOUT June
does the native grass AFFORD sufficient
feed to enable cattle to grow and
thrive, and by September the pas
ture season is practically ended.
The Introduction of Bronze grass has
changed all this. Where Bronze grass
pastures are two or three years old
they are said to furnish more feed
during the year than the tame grass
pastures Of the eastern states. Bronze
grass comes ON early and stays late.
It is as early as blue grass and yields
two or three times as much iced dur
ing the season.
The abundant rains of the last four
seasons have been very favorable for
the seeding of all kinds of grasses,
more especially Bronze grass, the seed
of which is very light and difficult to
Il sprout. Bronze grass seed should be
covered with full half inch OF soil
to make sure Of its growing. 1t should
be sown in the fall in the territory
where winter wheat is grown. The
best time for seeding is from the lat
ter part of August until the middle
IF Sentember. 1t is not considered
profitable to take the chances OF seed
ing this grass much later than the
time named.
When this grass is once established
Ii will stand drouth better than any
of the tame grasses except alfal1s
which is not pasture grass In al
localities of the Missouri river where
this grass has not already been trlet
\ +sin
Without this grass the pastures O
Hungary would not sustain one-hal
the number of cattle they now DO
We look for Bronze grass to ultimatel.
make the western portions OF Ne
braska and Kansas and eastern Colo
RADIO grazing grounds of great value.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
STABLE FLOORS AND HORSES

If it could be known just how many
horses feet and legs were injured
every winter by continuous confine-
ment to hard floors the record would
doubtless be appalling. This is the
reason when numberIess horses get
stocked legs, go lame have affected
hoofs and all sorts or foot and leg
ailments, and it is safe to say that
nine-tenths of the cases are due to
the too steady contact of the victim
with hard floor. Ii the proper floor
is not available turn the horses out
every fair day for FEW hours, and
in a yard large enough to admit of
exercise.
If there are many cases of the kind
this winter In the northwest there
will be no excuse for them, for there
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15

Send $1.00 for a years subscription
to The Independent and receive Mr..
Berge's book "The Free Pass Bribery
SYSTEM" free as a premium. This
offer will remain but short time.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
): 5! e. :: s':a:::!!!OafS

best yielding Oats are Ratekins Reliable Grown
Pure stock, Ratekin's New Sensation, Early
Champion, White Russian and Texas Red
Rust proof. Write for big catalOg, gives full de-
scriptions of these oats, and all farm seeds. free
postal will bring IT, Address RATEk1N'S
SEED HOUSE, Box "a, Shenandoah, La.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1906-02-15
Agents Wanted Everywhere s E SCI! NJ !.

New Book. THE FREE PASS BRIBERY
SYSTEM" This book win be seller. Every
body viii want it. You can make $4,000 per
month. For particulars. address The Inde-
pendent.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18
ies,> the eight storled being most M

RES the eight stored being most nr7
merous. S
The Call and Examiner buildings
were almost totally destroyed in the
earthquake and many other skyscrap-
ers were severely shaken, cracked and
damaged.
One of the chief buildings which col
lapsed was the new postoGce. This
was a substantial structure of granite,
costing to exceed $5,0O0,0O0 While
not striking from an architectural
standpoint, the postofice was impress
i've from it's massiveness.
The Postal building was badly dam
aged, and the operating room was a
wreck. Power of every kind was de-
stroyed, and there were no lights, Ell
Their gas or electric. Neither the Pal
ace hotel nor the St. Francis was de
stroyed as far as the framework goes,
but the inside plastering and decora-
tons were greatly damaged.
The business section Of the city from
Market street to Mission street and
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18

W Other i'm posing edifices, many OF
which have been more or less severely
in cured, are the Hotel st. Francis, the
Palace hotel, the Hall Of Justice, the
Mutual Bank building, the Pacific Mu-
tual Life building and the Callaghan
building. The greatest property dam
age resulted in the manufacturing dis
trict and the greatest loss Of life in
the tenement house district.
The chief street Of the city Is Mar
ket, running diagonally for many miles.
The destruction of many of the depart
ment stores and other business blocks
on Market and Mission streets was al
most complete. Fire added to the hor-
rors Of the situah ton, and, as the water
mains had been burst by the shock,
the fire department was helpless. The
/ flames ate their way along Market
street, and other fires started in differ
ent parts of the city.
AS the earthquake occurred but a
i little after 5 O'clock in the morning,
practically the entire population was in
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18

Independence, the Spanish settlers be-
gan the work, and when Vancouver,
the explorer, visited the place in 1892
the preside represented the. military
authority, while the pueblo and mis-
sion stood for the civil and religious
factors respectively. The mission was
secularized in 1884 and town laid
out the year following.
In 1916 an American man-of-war, I'M
der command Of Commodore John B.
Montgomery, entered the harbor and
hOisted the stars and stripes over the
town. Mexico, which succeeded Spain
as the owner of California, was then
at war with the United States, and the
act of Commodore Montgomery ended
her dominion over San Francisco.
Montgomery appointed Lieutenant
Washington A. Bartlett to be Frisco's
first alcalde, or mayor, under the new
regime. Under Spanish and Mexican
rule the town was a sleepy, unprogress-
i've place, but with the coming of Amer
leans and the discovery of gold in 1913
there came an era Of growth and hus-
tie. This did not eventuate at once,
for the first news of the discovery of
gold practically depopulated San Fran
cisco.
The town was smitten as by plague,
and one historian thus describes what
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18

Flat and the city went through pu-
rification process that was of great
benefit to it, ~.
The aspect of San Francisco at dis
time was not inspiring to inf1owing
gold seekers. 1t was struggling med
ley of low, dingy adobes. frail wooden
shanties, born in an afternoon, with q
sprinkling of more respectable frame
houses and mass Of canvas and rub
Der habitations. 1t was mainly city
Of tents, rising in crescent upon the
shores of the cove. From Clark point
it skirted the land to Telegraph hill,
along the Clay street slopes, tapering
away to the California street ridge
The larger number passed to the south
west shores of the cove, beyond the
Market street ridge, region sheltered
from clustering winds and provided
with good spring water and named the
Happy Valley.
Stockton street, stretching from Sac
ramento to Green streets, presented
the neatest cluster Of dwellings, and
Powell street was the abode of churches,
for of the six churches in existence in
the middle of 1850 three graced it's
sides and two stood upon cross streets,
within half block. Mason street.
above it, was really the western limit
Of the city, as Green street was the
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18

tel erected by Mrs. Herman Oelrichs
on fashionable Mob hill Mrs. Oelrichs,
who is a daughter of the late Senator
Fair, has shown fine taste in the ar
chitectural plans Of Fairmont, the ap-
propriate name of the new hotel Seen
from the bay this structure, with it's
classic outlines, makes the beholder
think of Greek temple. White and
graceful, it looms above the busy mar
ket places, the great wholesale district,
the crowded business section and pic
turesque Chinatown, which, by the
way, is fast disappearing owing to the
entertainments Of commerce and the
dwindling of the Chinese population.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18

happened: Its houses were left unoc,
cupied and nlprote its former
trade ceased, its lots fell to q small
part Of their value, its two weekly
newspapers were suspended, and the
town, deserted by the bulk of its in
habitants, was at one time without q
single officer clothed with civil author
ity.''
After the first rush to the gold dig
gings the town began to regain it's lost
ground, and ere long the influx of gold
seekers gave quite an impetus to it's
growth. The town was incorporated
in April, 1850, and the first common
council elected proceeded with diligence
to plumber the city treasury. The
same year the state was admitted to
the Union, and when the steamer Ore
gon brought the news-there was no
telegraphic communication in those
days-business was entirely suspended
and the entire population rushed to the
wharfs to welcome the harbinger. The
town had about 10000 inhabitants at
that time, and when the people were
AAIOl 1HCu lu0C liz VI Lie
Oregon indicated that California was a
sovereign state Of the United States Of
America ''a universal shout arose from
10000 voices on the wharfs, in the
streets, upon the hills, hGusetops and
the world of shipping in thy bay
In it's early history the c!y suffered
from several disastrous fires Between
December, 1S49, and June 1851, six
confa grations played havoc. with the
growing young town. Better buildings
were planned and several fire compa-
MES were organized. These We're steps
in the right direction. 1t was also dis
covered that the fires We're started by
criminals who profted by the confu-
sion.
This fact and the inefficiency and
corruption of the city government led
a large number Of citizens to organ
ize the famous vigilance committee
which ruled the place in 1851. Quite a
number of crooks were lynched by
the committee, others We're driven out
like John Oakhurst, the leading figure
in Bret Harte's "Outcasts of Poker
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18

from the bay back was almost COM
pletely wrecked.
The most conspicuous building in
San Francisco, the city hall, is almost
totally ruined. It cost from S6,OOO,OOO
to $1,000 600, took twenty five years in
construction and was surmounted by
a dome 332 feet high. Tt was thought
to be very .solidly constructed, being
built substantially of brick, with the
walls covered by cement. The interior
of the dome was decorated with ex-
pensive marbles taken from the Pa
cific coast mountains.
Another very fine building, which
cost over $4,000, 900, is the splendid ho-
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18

richest San Franciscan, owns a build
ing seventeen stories high, commonly
known as the Call building. On three
Of the corner sites, where Third street
intersects Market, is located the great
Spreckels building, the home of the
Call; the De Young building, the home
Of the Chronicle, and the Hearst build
ing, occupied by the Examiner, the
> three great Pacific coast newspapers
having contributed handsomely to the
building development of San Francisco
In recent years. The city now has its
share of tall buildings, one being eight
cen stories in height. The major part
OF them are eight. ten and twelve sto-
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18

bed. Men and women rushed wildly
forth in their night robes and fed in
panic through the streets. Many were
caught by the falling roofs and walls,
and in the poorer districts the tene-
ments collapsed like eggshells, crush
ing and suffocating their inmates be-
fore they had time to escape. In many
cases fire finished the work of death,
catching the victims as they were
pinned still alive under the debris
To arrest the spread Of the fire along
Market street many buildings were
dynamited.
The track of one railroad was de-
pressed four feet or more for dis
lance Of three miles. At one point in
the city the earth cracked open for a
distance Of six feet, leaving a yawning
chasm Of fathomless depth.
The destruction of all telegraph wires,
except one belonging to the Postal
union, made it almost impossible for
! the stricken city to communicate with
the outside world The severe injury
to the Western Union and Postal Of
fees, also the Associated Press, greatly
added to the difficulty.
The practical destruction Of six or
eight blocks, coupled with the immense
loss of life and damage to property
throughout SAP Francisco and the en-
tire coast region, makes this the worst
earthquake disaster in American his
tory, exceeding even the historic
Charleston earthquake Of few years
ago.
San Francisco has suffered from
many slight seismic shocks, one of
them occurring about a year ago. At
that time long article appeared in
one of the papers, signed by a pro-
fessor in one Of the observatories near
by, stating that there was no partic-
ular danger from these tremors Of the
earth's surface. The coast region, ac-
cording to this writer, was newer than
parts of the country farther east and
was therefore settling. He said peo-
pie should feel no alarm, as nothing
serious was liable to happen.
Evidently the earth's crust in the
Golden Gate region has been doing
some more Settling
The most severe earthquake San
Francisco has known prior to the pres
ent one was in 1868. Quite a little
damage resulted, though nothing re-
motely comparable to this. It was the
1868 shakeup that was made famous
by Mark Twain. The most surprising
thing the genial Mark saw at that time
was the opening up of the ceiling Of
his room, the lips Of the orifice work
ing to and fro like mouth and brick
slipping through and held in suspen-
sion, like one lone tooth on the jaw of
an old man.
The last earthquake that occurred In
San Francisco was in January, 1900.
Several distinct shocks were felt early
in the morning, causing the vibration
of buildings all over the city. The
chief building affected was the ST.
Nicholas hotel, which was severely
shaken. The walls collapsed in GER
tain parts of the structure, guests were
thrown out of their beds and furniture
was destroyed.
In 1904 there was severe seismic
disturbance in Los Angeles, which was
felt throughout the city and for q
radius Of several miles around.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1906-07-18
SAN FRANCISCO
IN HISTORY
Stricken City Long Permeated
With an Air Of
Romance.
IN THE DAYS OF YIGILANTES
IN THE DAYS OF VIGILANTES
How the Metropolis of California Was
Purged Of Disorder Lynching of
Casey-The Days Of the Forty
niners-Town Depopulat-
ed by the Rush of
Gold Seekers.

@AN FRANCISCO, the earthquake
stricken city, has long been per-
~ meated with an air of romance
and adventure. Nowhere may
one turn without being reminded of
the legends that have been woven
around the forty-niners and their i'm
mediate followers. The names of the
streets and Of the business blocks, such
as Kearney, Suffer, Montgomery Du-
pont, Flood, Croker and Sharon, bring
to the mind of the visitor long forgot
ten stories of riot or adventure and Of
fortunes whose vastness once excited
his wonder Or made him incredulous.
The site of the city was first visited
by Europeans in 1869, and in 1775 Blu
careli ordered a fort, preside and mis-
sion founded on the bay. One year
later, the year of the Declaration Of