davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
Y. M. c. A. NOTES

Mr.. S. Walter McGiIl, State Secre-
tary of the Y. M. C. A., was in the
city Wednesday and attended a meet
ing of the Board Of Directors Of the
Columbia Association. After a gen.
eral report and discussion Of the af-
fairs of the Association, Mr.. McGill
declared that all things considered.
there was not an Association In the
State that could make better show
ing. Compared with the Associations
of the State in general, the Colum-
bia Y. NJ. c. A. has done remarkably
well, and has laid the foundation Of
a work OF which the people Of Co
lumbia may justly feel proud. The
work is being systematized and
strengthened at every point. and the
Middle Tennessee Convention which
will be held in Columbia October II
to II will be an eye-opener to the fell
low who don't know what the Y. NJ.
c. A. really is.
"Regan's Band" Is temporarily Grip
pied on account of the absence on va
cation of Riddle Regan and Frank
Jr., but any one desiring to
engage piece of a band should con-
suit William Fry at the Y NJ. c. A.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
A HUMAN RAT TRAP.

Valparaiso means the Vale of Para.
disc, and coming in from the sea one
can understand why it is so named.
Yet this beautiful place is nothing
more than human rat trap. There is
practically no way of escape to the
south, only one railroad runs to the
north and the sheer hills are in the
rear. In front is the bay, beyond the
Pacific.
The best idea of what Valparaiso is
like would be obtained if one were to
take bowl one with softly sloping
rather than upright sides. Cut this
bowl in half, from top to bottom. brace
one half of it so that it would set up
right, and you have Valparaiso.
Another likeness is an amphitheater.
In the half bowl the city is at the bot
tom and running partially up the side;
in the amphitheater the stage or arena
would be the city.
Having this picture of the city in
mind. one can easily grasp the rest of
the situation. The main part of the
city, the fiat land, is a narrow strip
of ground averaging a distance of
quarters of mile from the water
front to the base of the hills.
This fiat land is practically all made
land that has been filed in in t he last
and much of 1t within so
years. 1t is only slightly above the
sea level Of the water in the bay, and
the Chilean Government has so keenly
felt the danger from a tidal wave that |
only recently it voted $20,0O0,000 to
build a protecting breakwater. Berlin |
is to take the bonds for the project
Strangely enough. the rich people.
instead of building on the hillside, |
where they would be safer, have re-
NAMED in the fiat part of the city,
while the poorer persons have built
slowly up the hills.-New York Amer
can.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
CAM
PAIGN BOOK

Advance sheets of the republican
campaign text book were shown yes
terday in confidence by Publisher
Sherman to a distinguished literary
adviser, resident in Oyster Bay. The
work viii appear next week, and it
is to be borne In mind that every con-
tributor of a campaign dollar gets a
copy. The advance announcements
merely state that it viii be strong
stand-pat document" full of point
with pride and stand on our record"
argument. Nevertheless. we have
from confidential sources an authori-
tative list of chapters that will posi-
lively not appear between it's covers.
Here are few:
ID Justice to the PHILIPPINES, or
the Diversions of Senate Committee.
(2) The Friend of Labor, of Who's
Got the Anti-InJunction Bill?
(3.) Federal Insurance Control, or
Up Against the Constitution.
t4) The Strong Arm in Santo Do
mingo. or a Collection Agency in Dis
tress.
(5.) Our Flag on the High Seas, or
the Subsidy That Never Came.
(6.) Corrupt Practices, Legislation,
or Sparing the feeling of the Old Sub
scriber.
ID Tariff Reform, or No Revision
Between Friends.
1t is said that the manuscript for
these sections Of the book was unac-
lost, and that some of it
is actually believed to have been so
badly directed that something very
like it viii appear IN the democratic
text book.-New York Evening Post.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
EvanaeIistIe Advertising.

Publicity secured by advertising is
the breath of modern business. With
out advertising business will languish,
if not die Cannot the work of soul
winning be promoted by the same
method? If street car signs, bulletin
boards, and newspapers columns are
serviceable for the promotion of the
sale of breakfast foods and beer. why
may they not be used to exploit the
claims of God or of human souls? A
few men who believe that modern bus
mess methods can be applied to the
practical work of religion have formed
the Solent Evangel society, whose OBJ
ject is to have placard bearing Scrip
tural quotations in all the street cars
of the United States, and also utilize
billboards for the display Of Biblical
texts. AS their plans mature we may
expect to hear more in detail. Every
good man will wish them the largest
success The Rams Horn.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
WHOLESALE aRocEal.s.

Suoar:-Granulated. $500 barrels
md bags: cuDes aud powdered. nc.
cut .oaf, TIC: New Orleans. clarified
prime. 4%c; choice. &c. New Orleans
seconds, 4Nc.
Green Coffee: -Peabcrry. I4c4 2Vc.
Golden Rio. fZc6i Isc: CT nice Rio, re
013c; prime Rio. 11hcG12c; good
Rio, Joy cIlli4c, fair Rio, losg
10 $40: lava. elske9z6 20. Lasa4yfs
12cQ sc per pound.
Roasted coffee:-On equality plan
One pound .packsges IL lo0-pouad
boxes. s14.50. ~ 0s.-; bdin. n %
and l00-ponnd bins pr bags 49, CO.
26hc per pound. barrels, igc less
Nipper. bulk roasted bags. l@1se'
barrels. l3c.
Lard:-Leaf l9c:pastry, lie. com
pound. Sc.
chaese New York. full q ean-
loo 10; No. Cheese. l3c ID; WiscoD
sin t20fbl Daisy l6c
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
VALUABLE MULE
DROWNED

A negro driving pair Of valuable
mules belonging to Mr.. Houston
Thomas attempted to cross Lytles
Creek on Mr.. Ed Sheegog's place in
the midst of the storm Thursday af-
ternoon. The waters were so much
swollen from the heavy rain that one
of the mules was swept OF its feet by
the current and drowned. The negro
saved himself by catching to on over
hanging branch, but the wagon was
carried some distance down stream
and the second mule would probably
have shared the fate Of the first had
not the driver had the presence Of
mind to at once cut the harness.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
Zoe Many Fads in School.

There are too many attachments to
our schools-indeed, 1t has come to
pass that they are schools and some
thing more. They should be simply
schools. At least social distraction
should be kept out of them. Parents,
often at large expense. send their chill
dren away to boarding school that
they may have time for their studies
and be freed from the demands of
society. But we are making our high
schools social institutions. This. we
think, Is a tnedency that should be
checked. Indianapolis News.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
TO ALL BUSI-
NESS MEN

want personally to see, or cores
pond with, every young business man
every farmer, and every professional
man in Maury County who wants a
good life income and who will join me
in a gilt edge business proposition,
having for our sole purpose the estab-
lishment of business relations that
will surely result in handsome and
sure financial returns to all who will
cooperate with US.
/ shall meet all such over the Farm
ers and Merchants Bank on Friday,
Aug. 81, Saturday and Monday, Sept.
LIST and Bird.
For full particulars write or call in
person. 1t will pay you.
For its business merits call on any
of the Bankers, Salmon C Turner. at
torneys, or Dobbins & Ewing, mer-
chants.
R. l.. KIMBROUGH.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
"Mint' Ice Cream.

The Boston board Of health has been
investigating some of the cheap ice
cream sold on the streets and report
that in one cubic centimeter, which is
little more than one-third of an inch,
they discovered a million and half
of microbes. If that report be true we
should be glad If some one well up
in figures would tell us how many
microbes would be found in any ordi-
nary saucer of ice cream.-Montgom-
cry Advertiser.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
purTo TAETEsr.
Columbia People Appreciate Goo
Thinn

Columbia People Appreciate . Good
Thing.
Everybody has their trouble.
But people having any itchiness of
the skin
Have many hours of trouble.
Nothing so annoying. Nothing 80
Irritating,
Scratch it, 1t becomes worse.
Leave it alone and you can hardly
stand the misery.
Itchiness comes in many forms
Eczema and horrid itching piles.
Relief and cure are here at last.
Columbia has put it to the test.
Doan's Ointment cures every form OF
itchiness of the skin.
People at home are learning that
this is so.
Here is proof In citizens state
ment
Miss Julia Holcombe, dressmaker.
corner of 9Th and Embargo streets.
says: 81 can honestly recommend
Doan's Ointment to anyone for affiic-
lions which it is claimed to cure. For
q long time was bothered with dry
letter on my hands and face. This an
noyance would come on and finally
disappear only to recur again some
weeks or some months afterwards. At
times when it was troubling me my
face, especially around the eyes, would
be so swollen that could hardly see.
| used almost everything / saw recon.
but received little or no relief.
One day Doan's Ointmnt was brought
to my notice and procured it at Ad.
ans C Martins drug store. The first
application gave relief and In short
time I was cured and have remained
cured up to the present time"
For sale by all dealers, price so
cents. Foster-Milburn Co.. Buffalo, N.
T.. sole agents for the United States.
Remember the -Doan's-and
take no other. 6
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
WORKING In THE
RIGHT DIRECTION

Dark's Mill, Tenn, Aug. q, 1906.
Editor Columbia Herald:
The Maury County Farmers AS
ISOLATION met on Monday, 9th, in the
Court House and reorganized for a
winter campaign. There we're twenty
four farmers present, and among the
names enrolled were many Of the real
representative farmers of the county.
The old officers were reelected, and
there was much interest manifested
in this effort to bring the farmers
together In hese meetings this winter
for our mutual benefit and improve
ment In agricultural lines. These far
mers meetings, and he educational
influences of good County and State
Fair, will build up and encourage a
higher grade and more profitable and
satisfactory system of agriculture. 1t
viii have a tendency to keep some of
our bright, intelligent young men on
the farm where they are badly needed.
AS successful agriculture is the basis
of all real national prosperity it should
command a fair proportion of the in
telligent young men or our county, for
such material Is needed to make good
farmers. Yours truly,
j. N. MERONEY,
Pres Maury Co. Farmers Asst
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
HIGH PRICES FOR
Tenn. MULES
VALUES EXCEED THOSE or ANY
STATE IN THE UNIoN-sTATE
IS THIRD IN NUMBER.

Every indication now points to the
best price for mules that the farmers
and stock men of Tennessee have re-
ceived in many years. The denlanc,
it is believed, now by well-info.ne5
dealers. viii exceed the supply. The
prices which obtin at this time for
one of Tennessee's most profitable III
dustries are better than ever before
known. 1t is a common occurrence
for farmers to be offered as much as
$S75 to $500 for a pair of mules. If
the present prices should continue
during the present season, as every
well-informed dealer and farmer who
has expressed an opinion seems to
think that they will, the money value
of Tennessee's mules this year will
be larger by from $4,000 to 100000
900 than ever before known.
There are comparatively few people
In the State who realize the value and
Importance of the mule business of
Tennessee. In the number of mules
this State ranks third among the
State of the Union &C
cording to the Year Book of the
United State Department of Agricul-
ture, Texas being the first and Mis-
souri, being second. In the average
values of its mules, however, Tennes-
see takes first rank. The Tennessee
mules sell for more money than the
mules of any State in which they are
produced
On January / of this year Texas
had over 100000 mules, but their av-
erage market value was only $40,
while Missouri had $4,000 mules,
with an average value of $91.69. The
average value of the 100000 mules in
Tennessee on that date was $104.5O,
making the market value of the
States mules nearly s21 .0O0.000 For
the year ending Dec. 81, 1905, the num-
Der of mules in the State increased
by $4,000 and the value nearly $4,000
900. 1t is estimated by the Depart
ment of Live Stock that the number
Of mules in the State will show an in
crease during the year of approx
mately $4,000, which with the increase
in price it is confidently expected will
bring the total value to about $780,
DOC, 900.
Tennessee farmers have not had in
recent years a more profitable indus
try than the raising of mules for the
southern market, and figuring the in
crease for the year at $4,000 mules,
and estimating the average price at
1925, which. seems conservative, this
industry during the year should yield
he farmers a revenue of upwards of
q, 100000. This is equal to the value
Of the wheat crop for many years
Turing the past twenty, and Is equal
@ one-fifth of the value of last years
,orn crop. Next to the mules Of this
tate, the Illinois mules demand
,etter price than those of any other
State of the Union.-Nashville Amer
oau
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
Exit the PopuIlsts.

Like voice from the black depths
of some crumbling prehistoric sepul-
cher comes news that the populists of
Nebraska have resolved to support Mr..
Bryan. But where are these Jacques
Bonhommes OF righteous jacquerie
today? Where are the spellbinders?
Where are the death warrants OF the
money power? Where are the whisk-
ers? Gone, alas, like Napoleon's lost
legionl Here and there a sturdy old
guard trudges along II the middle Of
the road. and now and then enough
populists-crippled and pensioned vet
Grams, perhaps-get together to in
iorse somebody for some office. But,
in the main, the peoples party has
been swallowed up and engulfed in
the bottomless ocean of eternity Tom
Watson, once so fair and so true, is
how stumping Georgia for Hoke Smith,
a shameless apologist of vested inter-
ests. Jerry Simpson has gone sock
less to the Great Beyond.
In brief, populism, is all in.-Balti-
more Sun.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
LOG Al MARKETS
PRODUCE.

these prices are furnished nv
cal egg. produce and poultry dealo.s
Eggs and PouItry-Eggs. No, -.
Ice; Hens. Sc 10; Chickens, 1Oc y
Turkeys. Sc n; Ducks, Sc n.
|. eutter;-choice country. lOc =
Butter at stores, Csc 70.
Feathers-New goose feather. a..
10; old goose s5c n; Mixed zoe T. a.
Duck feathers. zoe n.
Wool:-Tubwashed, CSC n. =.
washed spring. free Of burrs y.
-; slightly bury. l2cGISc n.
hard bury, lie n.
Honey:-Sc910c n.
Sorghum:-o0c gallon.
6eeswax:-26e ~.
Ginseng:-Dry. $3.50; Yellow Roo,
75c 10.
HIdes:-Green. sh@1Oc n; cuc.d
lie n; dry salt. 16c n; flint, 1Sc nm
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
TOM BLACK
UNDER ARREST

kContinued from First Page.
the child go wherever it pleased. Then
l told him that / guessed mother
would let the sheep go wherever she
pleased, and that for him to do as
mother said, and go on home that
we did not want to have any trouble
over the matter. To this he exclaimed
that "By-God here's your pal" /
told him that l cared nothing about
that. His next words were ~Tll carry
the child where / please, do you I'M
derstand." / told him again that !
did not want any trouble and for him
to please 60 on home, and that
guessed mother would do whatever
she pleased with the sheep and let it
go where she pleased. He then seized
a chair and started at me and broke
and ran into the west room. He pur-
sued me with the chair. l tried to
get out of the door. but it was locked
and he had me hemmed. was cut on
from any escape. ! saw a pistol on
the mantelpiece and grabbed it, think
ing would give him flesh wound,
for l believed he was trying to get
to me to kill me. fred the first
shot at his side, but instead of him
stopping he made for the other door
where there was Winchester rifle
and then / shot him again In the
slider. He still did not stop but was
making for the gun, then / saw as he
was in the act Of taking up the gun
that would be killed IL did not stop
him some way and that soon. | aimed
at his heart, but my sister rushed in
and knocked the gun up, and the ball
entered the right ear and came out I'M
der the left, so they told me afterward.
After the shooting was all over | left
the room and hid out in the woods to
keep him from seeing me, up until
yesterday afternoon, when l was ad-
vised by my older brother and my
friends to leave the place, which did. !
/ came on TO Columbia with the In
tention OF going to Mt. Pleasant.
had no desire to dodge the officers. as
my friends told me that my brother
said that he did noe blame me and
that he alone was to blame.
When asked why he was leaving the
place, he remarked that his brother
had hean calling for him and that they
were afraid that II he staid around
the house his brother would see
him and would become excited and
that it would make him worse. When
reached Columbia, one of the officers
me and placed me here and
my old mother and brothers do not
know that / am in this place.
Young Black stated that he had
tried to lead christian life since
last fall, but that since this trouble
had come up that he did not know how
he could stand 1t and pull through,
but that he supposed the Lord would
give him strength to bear 1t. Said
the only thing that bothered him most
was the sorrow it had caused his old
mother, and that he hoped that all
would come out well and that his
brother would get over this.
John Blacks condition today is some
better and the doctors think there is
/ chance for recovery.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
FIELD SEED.

These piices are furnished by 10
cal seed abc grain dealerst
cIcyer:- ned Clo~ ID. $3.50 q s7gp.
Red Glover, at stores, $7.50d s9m
Alsyke, at store. $3.50 to $500
oats:--5Oc: IL store. 60c.
Seeds:-Timoth, at .
81 20 bu.: Blue Grass. at stores. INV
sac 10; Red Top. fancy 7ha a10c n.
Orchard Grass. s1.650sl.75 bu.; Mi
let, soc, at stores. s5c hu.; Cane Seed.
70c&75c. at stores. s5cQ$l.0e; Stock
Peas. $1.2O bu-. at stores. sl.4O bu.
Barley, Ace. at stores. CSC bu.; Rye,
soc bu.. stores. 75c blu.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
AT THE TABERNACLE

The rain Sunday night interfered to
some extent with the services at the
Tabernacle, but in spite or the rain a
fair sized congregation assembled.
After DR.. Wharton began his service
the patter of the rain on the roof made
so much noise that it was difficult for
many of his congregation to hear and
he had all in the rear of the building
move closer up. Even then it was
difficult for some to hear well. DIR.
Wharton took as his text Believe
Only" He discussed in detail the
raising of Jarius' daughter and
preached powerful sermon.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
How,s rHIs7

We cffer One Hundred Dollars Rewar
for anv ease of CntRrrh hat cannot he
..ured nv II IFS Tatarrh IRE.
I'll CHENEY & CO. Toledo. o
We. the undersigned. have known +. j..
CheneN 'or the last IS Yea 5. and believe
him perfectly honorable in all business
transactions and financially able to carry
out any obligations made by his hrm.
WALDING. KINNAN Il MARVIN.
Wholesale ruggists. Toledo. ".
Halls ratarrh cure is taken internally,
acting directiv upon the blood and Uu-
cOus surfaces of the system Testimonials
sent free Price 75c per bottle. sold by all
druggists
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
sesssssesssseeee
POINTED PARAGRAPHS.
. esesssssesssses'

Law rules the world, but love is a
law unto itself
Nothing irritates woman so much
as a man who keeps his temper.
Some men enjoy show so much
that they smile between the acts.
But the pessimist is pleased only
when he encounters something dis
pleasing.
1t is painful for the young man to
discover that his best girls father is
on war footing.
There is tide in the affairs of men
that leads on to fortune-or to the
free lunch counter.
1t is almost self-evident that the
man who boasts Of loving his neighbor
as himself may have grndge against
himself.
Time works wonders. Even life
doesn't look the same to a woman OF
SO as it did when she was sweet 16.
What man and his wife say to
their guests and what they say about
them after their departure are differ
ent, quite different.
There are crowds and crowds. One
kind Is to be found at church on Sun
day morning and the other goes to see
a base ball game Sunday afternoon.
Men think they can fool some wo-
men all of the time and all women
some of the time, but a matter of
fact, they can't fool any of the women
any of the time.-Chicago News.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
VIII 1.EsALE PRopucE

AE
(These prices are furnished by tb-
Wholesale Produce Dealers OF Colun
bia.)
cabbage:--Northern stock. nn
per hundred.
Potatoes:-Iiish Potatoes. ea,iD.
stock, S5c bu.: Tennessee eat,D,
stock 60c bu.: Sweet Potatoes fron
wagons, soc bu.: 3. store 75c bp
Seed Irish Potatoes. sl.25 sack
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. $500
G$7.O0 per bbl.: dried apples, &c n
Bananas. 7scds1.5O bunch. orane.,
1896 per box; Lemons. fancy. HOQ
extra fancy. $3.50 per box.
DEMONSTRATING stock. GOO W.. a,
store, $1.10: Sets from wagon. s1sO
from store. sl.65.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
HAVE EMPLOYED
COUNSEL

Esquires BaIlanfant. Lowell, Holt
and Denton, the members OF
the County Court against whom
Messrs. PEBBLES and Brown
have field injunction proceedings 10
prevent them exercising the duties of
their office, have retained Messrs.
Hughes, Hatcher, VOORHEES, and Fig
uerG
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
DAMAGED WHEAT WANTED

In any quantity; viii pay fair prices.
Bring us your samples.
COLUMBIA MILL & ELEVATOR co.
wed-sat-mon&w-sept3
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
BACON. LARD AND FRESH MEa

BACON. LARD AND FRESH MEAT
These prices are furnished by 10
"a! wholesale NEAR dealers, Dutcnr,s
aud cattle buyers.
5acon:-HanIs. IL u i2c; Shoul.
ders. &c; Sides. 1vc: Lard, lOc.
Fresh Meats:-At stores. Pork. lqc
al2hc: Steaks. sc412hc; Roasts
5c4 lOc: Sausage. 10c.
Hogs:-Gross. Hogs advance.
Top Hogs. ITO 10 and up, $500; 10
9170 n. $5.35; Pigs. $I.5Ods5.95;
Roughs. $500
cattIe:-The cattle market is
on rs to 80 cents. Choice butchers
cattle, i.2OOib and up. 1915; 800 to
l.OOoib. $S.506ps3.GO. Feeders and
Stockers. $500 $500. Chocie Helfers.
s3.0O1$325; Cows. $l.50Qs3.0O
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31

Trouble cases attended TO promptly.
Installing Engines a specially.
8. High street. Columbia, Tenn.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
FLOUR AND GRAIN.

These prices are furnished BY Co
lumbia Mills
Flour:-From Mills. Best Patam
$3.50, Straight, 3.75; Bran per ton.
SIT; Flour from stores, $4.25Gs5OO
Meal:-At Mills, 75c blu. in bulk;
soc sacked; Meal from store, S5e @
90c bu.; Corn per bbl., 1925; Wheat,
market slow at 60c@7Oc.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
OLD TENNESSEE ROYAL BRA.
I'll SMOKING TOBACCO.

True to its name-it is truly
royal smoking tobacco. For sale
by all first-class cigar stands and
groceries.
BRITAIN TOBACCO WORKS.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-08-31
DAMAGED AND
SPROUTED WHEAT

Bought in any quantity; wagon lots
and car loads. Bring US sample.
COLUMBIA MILL & ELEVATOR co.
wed-sat-mon&w-sep