The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1906-09-08

well used by the house did not vary
much over half a degree in twenty
four hours, the average being "A deg.
No marked indications of the existence
of thermal springs presented them
selves at Aqua, about three miles east
of Keauhou, the water being a little
brackish with a temperature of 76 deg.
The next place on the coast where I
tested the temperature of the water
was at Kapa-ahu Gan 1st). Plenty Of
water occurs here in pools, doubt
supplied by springs, but it is often
brackish. One pool about half mile
inland was about 120 feet long and ten
feet deep, it's temperature at midday
being rs deg. the water being fairly
sweet Evidence of a small amount Of
| thermal influence was found in water
issuing in an underground grotto at
a temperature of IS deg, which would
be four or five degrees above that of
ordinary well-Water unanected by ther-
NAL springs.
Some interesting results were OBJ
tanned at Kalapana Gan. 2nd-4th) on
the coast about three miles east of
Kapa-ahu. The underground water
showed itself in various ways in this
locality, namely, in assures. grottces.
and wells in the lava-rock. Whilst in
the immediate vicinity of Kalapana the
temperature of the underground water,
as is indicated in the subjoined results,
usually displayed an excess of from
to 4 degrees above the mean tempera-
ture of the air in the shade az deg),
two water-holeS removed half mile
and nearly a mile inland exhibited tenn
peratures of 500 deg and 81 deg. re-
spectively, the water lying 9 feet below
the surface In this last locality there
was, therefore, undoubted evidence OF
thermal action.
OBSERVATIONS AT KALAPANA
ON THE TEMPERATURE OF UN-
DERGROUND WATER IN FISSURES,
WELLS, GROTTOES, IN THE LAVA
ROCK. JAN. 2nd-4th, 1897
(a) Fissure, few hundred yards
west of Kalapana on the road from
Kapa-ahu, water Z TT. down, depth of
water it., fairly sweet; water tenn
perature al p. M, 1856 deg, at a. m
next morning, IS deg; level rises and
falls with the tide
(b) Another assure at Kalapana
where the water IL feet down and TT.
deep was a deg.
Co Three wells at Kalapana, water
temp. IS deg. to IS deg.
(d) A grotto at .Kalapana, descend
ing to depth of 10 #. where was
spring with temperature of 1875 deg.
(e) Two water-holes, one nearly a
mile and the other about half a mile
inland, both containing water about
TT. down with a temperature of 80.5
deg. to 81 deg.
() Two observations of soil temper
ature at midday at Kalapana depth
inches), 72 deg. and 76 deg.
(g) Temperature of the air in the
shade at Kalapana on Jan. 2nd, min.
Ga deg, max. rs deg; on, Jan. 3rd, min.
66.5 deg, max. 79 deg.
(h) Sea temperature, 20 deg.
Proceeding eastward for half mile
along the coast from Kalapana signs
of subterranean heat were found in
well near the sandy beach at the ham
let of Kaimu. Here s feet down was
water with temperature of 80 deg. at
8 a. m, the temperature of the air in
the shade being rs deg. and that of the
sea 75.5 deg. Passing Kehena on the
coast I found at Opihikao some three
or four miles further east. two hot
springs with a temperature of 80 deg.
One of them at the coast was 10 feet
below the ground and near the sea-
level, the water being brackish. The
II,
reached by descending a narrow cavern
for depth of some 20 feet. The air of
the cavern was like the water 80 deg;
and the water, which was markedly
saltish, had slight sulphureous flavor.
Proceeding from Opihikao I found at
Poihiki some brackish pools, the tenn
perature of which at 8 a. m, when the
air was 76 deg, was 50 deg to SO deg,
thus proba bly, indicating thermal in
huence On the way to Makuu. or Mo-
kuu, L examined a large pool of warm
water at Kapoho. more than 100 feet
long, feet and over in depth, with a
temperature of So deg. at II a. M on
January 9TH Three or four miles
beyond Mokuu Cor Makuu on the
the way to Hilo found the tempera-
ture of a cool well-spring situated close
to the beach at Honolii to be eS5 deg.
CONCLUSION.-As far as the tenn
perature of the underground waters
can guide us, we are able to distinguish
on the southeast coast of Hawaii be-
tween the respective zones of influence
of knauea and Mauna Loa The Their
nal regimes of the two zones, are
sharply contrasted. Along the whole
length of the south coast of Puma. be-
ginning at the modern lava flow that
reaches the coast at Kuee (Keaiwa)
about half way between Punaluu and
Aapapala Bay, the underground waters
OF greater or less degree display a
temperature increased by the vicinity
OF volcanic action. This is the Kila-
uea zone of influence and the ex-
cess of heat here acquired by the
underground waters varied in amount
from to degrees above the
mean temperature of the air for
January (72 deg) to as much as
% degrees. On the other hand west of
this zone in the Punaluu district We
find cool perennial springs displaying
constant temperature at the coast all
through the year of about ga deg;
whilst an inland spring at an elevation
II 50Oe feet had temperature OF 5S.5
Deg. rms is the Mauna Loa zone of
1hnuence; and we have here then an
! FD6 ar fTY1 of