davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04


est of naturalization. AT the same time
Paul Morton became the society's Of
fetal head. The extrayagances and ir-
regularities disclosed In the Equitable
by its own investigation and that of
the state insurance commissioner were
followed by similar disclosures In the
New York Life. the Mutual and others
and shocking corruption in all of them
under the sealpel of Counsel Hughes
for the Armstrong New York state leg
islative committee. The McCurdys had
to get out of the Mutual and others
were expected to follow. The immedi-
ate effect on the commercial side was
reform and economy. Missouri led the
way in the campaign for restitution by
ordering the offending companies to
quit the state.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

great Republican stronghplds of the
east, which elected Democrats to Office.
was conceded by ali to mean d tri-
umph for the Roosevelt administration
In Philadelphia no one thing so much
strengthened the hands of Weaver as
the letter from Elihu Root just before
the great New York attorney entered
the cabinet to take the chair vacated
by the death of Secretary Hay. His
bold characterization of the Penrose-
Durham organization as "a corrupt and
criminal combination masquerading
under the names of Republicans" gave
courage to the long enslaved party
worshipers of the keystone State. A
similar note of independence on the
part of the administration was sound
ed By Secretary Taft's Akron lO1
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

OUR suggestion couple OF weeks
ago of farmers institute here ip
EtkPoint this winter, has met with a
fairly wide and favorable response.
We would like to know what the
farmers wives think about il? One
OF the best and most helpful speakers
at this years institutes is cultured
and practical lady who speaks on
topics OF the home and farm in which
the ladies are specially Interested.
Do you want TO hear her and will you
make il a point 10 come and bring your
institute If the institute can be assured
OF good and interested attendance OF
farmers.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04
Kidney Trouble Is Not Always RecOg.
nlZcd as catarrf---Pe-ru-na Re-
lleves Kidney Disease BE-
cause it Is Remedy For
All Phases of CatdTTl.

TWENTY-FIVE years ago. before
\ Dir. Hartman began distributing
his pamphlets, books and newspaper
articles, Bright's Disease of the kid.
neys was regarded as a disease wholly
distinct from catarrh.
Now. Btight's Disease ls thought by
Diany the world orer 10 Be a phase
Of catarrhal inflammation.
roreiieve BriahEs t1tseAsc soraess. .ii ias
must be a-ed that ras ihe power to re.
iieva catan y
Any mea.eine taar ia a remedy for
catarrh of one organ Is OBVIOUSLY med.
icine foI catarrh OF any other organ.
Peruna is an Internal. systemic ca.
fFrrh remedy.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

Like oatarrh, IT pervades the whole
system, and counteracts the effects OF
the disease.
A great many people believe that they
have been cured of chronic I,righrs
Disease by the use of Peruna.
II Is certainly trne tfaf in fhe earlier
stages of Brighfs Disease, Pernna is
an effective remedy.
Numerous testimonials on this point
establish the fact beyond all doubt.
Mr.. Otto A. Fleissner, American cri.
euresn, formerly Cher 10 Cot. w. s..
Cody !dl2 Sixth Ave., Seattle, Wash,,
write /
4 Il suffered with kidney anu bladder
trcnhle nntii life did not saecsag aEtal
lax ins hadlstried irNAs iNeaieiiie
sant sta net get any relief unill tanls
PerEaa 1 WIS really wonderful hcw
much Better | was after used this
medicine only week. Al the end ~
six months fona;l 10 my relief that /,
had rid my system OF all poisons and /
was cured 10 stayacured."
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

standing have come once again to the
surface, hut so far any outbreak b;
been avoided. The differences BE-
tween France and Germany over
Moroccan affairs at one time led 10
strained relations between the two
powers, but at length an agreement
was reached which averted trouble aud
left the way open for settlement by a
conference. There are always ele.
ments of danger to peace at hand in
the near East, and at one time II
seemed possible that a conflict would
be sprung there over the failure OF
Turkey to carry out reforms in Mac,
donia. Here also, however, negotia-
tions following upon q naval demon
stration by the powers have led to an
accommodation. There have been
from time TO time intimalious OF ditfi-
culties growing out of the relations OF
Latin-American republics with Euro
pean nations, but so far no serious
trouble has resulted.
A word will not be out OF place here
regarding the progress OF movements
looking specifically 10 the promotion
of peace throughout the world 1t
will be recalled that toward the close
OF last year Preside Mt Roose Welt di-
rected the Secretary OF Sa te to send TO
the powers note inviting them to
join IN second conference at The
Hague. The replies to this note re-
ceived last winter indicated that while
the meeting of such conference would
have to be deferred owing to the ex.
istence of the war in the Far East, it's
ultimate convocatiou was assured
The appropriate moment arrived short.
.ly after the signing OF the treaty Of
peace at Portsmouth, when Baron
Rosen informed the President OF the
intention of the Car To take the init
iative in ca ling a second conference.
The holding of this new &C nfereLce is
TO be welcomed as a step in the di rec
tion of continuing the work done at the
first one, and it is worth noting that
the executive committee, of the Inter.
parliamentary Conference held in
Brussels at the end of August suggest.
ed in substance that The Hague Tri-
bunal should become a permanent in
ternational body, sitting periodically
Instead OF spasmodically. When that
condition shall have been broug ht
about the most effective means Of aver
ting the waste and woe of war will
have been called into being -Brad
streets.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

power TO fix rail-
road rates, prevent
rebates and other
wise control the
great interstate cor
porations, no per-
sonal figure has
stood out with so
much meaning and
promise of better
things as that Of
William Travers Je-
rome, who was re-
elected as district
attorney of New
York CITY as a free
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04
sew YEAR,s RESOLUTIONS

The front cover of ErerUbody's
Magazine coniains a set OF New Years
resolutions which were much better
religlously kept than the ordinary GUS
tom regarding New Years resolutions.
We reproduce them here for the bene-
fit Of our readers. Let's all sign:
MY COUNTRY.
ResolUcd, To become soldier in tile
Army Of the Common Good; never 10
suffer graft in silence, nor endure the
acquaintance OF gra't.rk; TO enforce the
Square d ,al, and in all my relations 8
with politics and government to re-
member that am first OF all an Ameri.
can C.liz d.
MY NEIGHBORS.
r., solged, 10 lend my Deighbor in need
helping hand; to be kind; TO Judge
toletAut.,: 10 be patient with afi ction
or Misunderstanding TO extend TO
others The degree OF courtesy and con-
sideration | require them to accord M !.
MYSELF.
Reso'Ued, 10 play fair; to speak true;
to hold sacred mg pledge, my friend,
ships, and my obligations: not to ask
anoth,r 10 do aught dare NOT or
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

lance candidate in open defiance of all
party machines and bosses and with
all the forces of the great city's Grim
inal and graft elements arrayed against
him. Jerome's fight was for a princi-
pie of direct and unrestricted popular
expression, which is typical of what
any community in the land may do in
overturning party machinery and boss
dictation.
The demolition of bosses caused by
the flood of conscience ballots on Nov.
6 is recent enough to be fresh in every
mind Pennsylvania turning of the
half million majority for Roosevelt
into a 10000 plurality for the Demo
cratic state treasurer candidate, Berry,
and the crushing defeat of the Phila-
delphia contract combine by the re-
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

THE question as to the building
material to be used in ths construction
of the state capitol is likely to resolve
itself into one of cost. The Bedford,
Ind. stone, OF which several of The
federal buildings at Washington are
built and towards which The SOUTH
Dakota building commission is favor
ably disposed, is d seryiceable and
cheap stone and the probability is that
the new capitol could be built of this
material within the appropriation. II
public sentiment demands South
Dakota stone it is up to the tax payers
TO say whether or not 1t shall be used.
Sioux Falls granite and probably any
stone that can be quarried in the state,
is much more costly than the Bedford
stone. No contracts have as yet been
made aud now Is the time for The peo-
pie to express their sentiments in the
matter.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

tAOAo AOA tAlN NOAikAOt
of the Equitable.
Just as that great
institution appeared
about ready for a
receivership the
pow erful financial
hand of Thomas II.
Ryan seized control
and handed it ovef
to the trusteeship
of ex-President
Cleveland aud two
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04


Union, No. 1o4l, Chicago, Ill. writes: f1 3as
have been suffering from weak kidney
time and have been able find relief only through the Peuna
the winter
good
trouble ands gfroma aweakb has
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04
Ash your druggist f0rfree Peruna AImanac for ,O6

would not do myself--above all, ~
to keep we'll in mind that wealth. Is -
corollary OF worth and success, ~
evidence OF character.
Witness my hand and seal.
tSEAL)
(Signed)
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

WONDER ii Col. Arthur Lion of the
Canton Leader has loand out yet that
the Hon. e. w Martin is candidate
for the United States senate2 We
have no doubt Of it down this way In
spite OF the colonel's inside informa-
nation
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04
He Learned How 10 do il in Union CO u

Nntonly did T. B. Strong ship tn. 80
Car ! ad OF hogs out Of Lgmsn COM
but he topped the Sioux Cry m4rf.
with them, ten cents, yhHfsdas mtrs45
Ing. Lyman county is aways 30 n.e.
she does raise the best cattle, sh.t
and horses; the best corn and VII, i
and has the best class Of people. Wnt
should she not be prosperous. Ly1a4t
County argus
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

form forces under
the leadership Of
Mayor Weaver We're
only comparable to
the decisive retire
ment of the Ohio
Republican bosses
by over 100, $50 Ia
favor Of Pattison.
Democrat. for gov
crnor. The shake
up III both OF these
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

There never WAS An, thing so inlr,,
estlDg as the market reports $50
financial pace Of The Weekly i.ss
Ocean. You may have both Tae Il
cago Inter. Ocean and this paper .n.T
year at the specially low rate Of ~ 5ls
Its rare chance II taken at once
DR.. NJ. r, Hendrix, ,dentis', over d,
post Office.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04

Continued to Page 2
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1906-01-04
THE COURIER
Entered at the Post Office at Elk Point as mail
matter OF the.second class.

The COURIER is mailed regularly to its sub
scribers until definite order to discontinue is
received and all arrears are paid.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27

oulet mouse gown. WIN aeit nngvi :
she went about spreading supper for
two. on a table near the lounge. The
grateful aroma OF good coffee sue
ceeded 10 the smell OF the kerosene
lamp The man with the bandaged
ewes sat up. as he was hidden TO do.
La Clgale lowered over him with min
istering tenderness Her own wants
we're entirely subsidiary.
"Had enough" she asked. as Tom
leaned back on the lounge with a sat
isned sigh.
More than enough. But ! haven't
heard your knife and fork. Katy
"Oh. Tom. I'm entirely too happy to
eat wish you could see It. My for
tune. mean. The fortune that came
TO me tied TO the stem Of a rose. Such
beautiful rose among It's fellows
lying perishing this moment on the
floor in my dressing room. For, oh,
Toni how could | give the roses
thought when 1 was so full Of you?
When | saw II. glittering among the
roses. snatched at 1t with the one
thought. Now. Tom can 90 to the best
eye-doctor IN town"
But thought We were never n
take presents from men, Katy? You
promised me-"
80 / did, Tom-sO we won't. dear;
but this time II Just came from tho
skies. and | couldn't send it back 10
the good Lord. Now. Tom. you are
not TO fly in the face OF Providence.
Providence put it into the heart OF
some rich simpleton to throw this ring
al La Cigale's feet. Your little grass
hopper has brought 1t home to pa
Your doctor bills with H. Tom.
couldn't send II back II | wanted TO
And | wouldn't wear It for all the
olivines and diamonds in the wide
world"
She was glad he could not see the
tears that were shining on her long
lashes.
Tom, old boy. II the ninny who tied
this lovely ring 10 that rose stem and
pitched IT at my feet could have
known how much good II would do my
husband. do you suppose he would
want It back?"
Not II he knew La Cigale for what
she is. Katy. The dearest and most
unselhsh little woman In the world
struggling honestly under a heavy
load"
only temporarily. Tom. Only for a
little while. dear"
And. perhaps. II Teddy Yates could |
have looked into the home Of the dis
abled bookkeeper and seen the happi |
ness his Divine ring had brought to
two devoted hearts. he would have
been reconciled to the fate Of the DIV.
Inc ring
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
Not His First Experience.

The young woman had just said no.
Have you ever been rejected before
Mr. Huddleston?" she asked, sympa
thizingly. and almost tenderly.
"Onee," ne said. a spasm Of pain con
torting his features at the recollec
ton. by a life insurance company
| tell you 1t hurt-that time!"-ChicagC
Tribune.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
Just the Thing.

80 you got rid of Freddy Bore n
last. said the girl with the holly Der
ries.
yes" replied her chum. Il TOLD
him the president wanted him"
What does the president want with
Freddy"
why, Freddy is such a big stick.
Chicago News.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
Accounted For

Il say. Mr.. Clerk" remarked a tran,
silent guest at the hotel. Il notice there
are several teeth gone out Of that cont
In the WashroOm."
Yes" replied the clerk. going on
with his writing; there were a couple
of dentists stopping here yesterday. -
Yonkers Statesman.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
The Greatest Trinmnh

Henry Clay announced his great com
promise.
THE janitor will give us heat at six
O'Clock every morning we wait till IL. d"
he explained.
Amid lusty cheers from the tenants,
he attended to the Missouri triiie at
his leisure-N. Y. Sun.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
A FRRe Rumor.

7 have been told" said Mrs. 0ldcas-
tie. that your daughter has been do
ing some wonderful things in pyrog
raphy."
ooh. no." replied her hostess. "sh6
amt been there at all. The last We
had from her she was in Pittsburg, and
thought she'd go right through to
Washington. Chicago Record Herald
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
Her Laudahle Desire

"Ah." said the earl, Il am afraid you
are marrying me merely for my title"
"Oh. dear, no." replied the heiress.
TITS merely because want to see that
dear old castle Of yours repaired before
II Is an utter ruin."-Chicago Record
Herald.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
with q Drawback.

ut seems TO me-" the foreign visitor
was saying. you have too many laws In
this country"
I'VE may overdo It little in passing
laws" responded the native. but we en-
force 'em Iudiciously. Chicago Trib-
une.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
An Attachment.

Don't you sometimes think that you
are too much attached to money!"
NO" answered MIR. Dustin Stax. If
you knew all the schemes to pry a man
loose from 1t, you'd realize that be has
TO be closely attached. Chicago Jour
nal.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
A Postponement Inevitable.

IF yoh husban' beats you. mebbe you
kin hab him sent to de whippin'- pos. p
said Mrs. Potomac Jackson
III my husban' ever beats me-" said
Mrs. Tolllyer Grapevine. "dey kin send
him TO de whippin'-pos' II dey wants to.
But dey'll have to wait till he gifts out n
de hospital. "-Washington Star
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
Facts in the Case.

She (at the concert)-Young De
Smythe is a tenor. is he not?
He-He poses as one; but in reality
he is a two for-fyer.-Chicago Daily
NeWa
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27

Between Bctmuda and hester.
Leave Chester fShopsl 7.Ui. arrive fermudf
1I@ a. Do IciufuIng leave Bermuda 90
y IA. arrive hes rtshopsl 80 q. m. inii5
except sunday. NJ iaius stop AT RAP
hleciic 3 Ming.
g. NIX fAiaDii. K a. W.IiIAMs Jr,
% .-f Ge fgh A Pa - Ad'
Richmond, Va, july 1T, 1906.
fD CONNEcrlNG lines:
Npt're is hereby give that the farmyille
foWhatan Railroad Will hereafter be- op r
ated 10y the Iidewater s. Western RAILROAD
company.
All moneys collected for account OF
Company you Will please remit 10 %. N,
UilSON, Treasurer and All ac Ounts VIII
be adjusted by r.. \. HAIEN, Auditor, All
communications for whom should be I'd.
dressed 10 4. o. Bcx iO2. this city.
4. N. X. TALo0Tr,
Gen Mgr
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27

Time Fable iu effect dondsy, May ,.
1904. B,twccn inmA i.le and ~ hn,,ndy
MuSele1 and soutftrn K.R.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
SOUTHERN RAILWAY Co
Schedule IN Eject Jan. 2, 1906.
Trains leave Lynehburg as follows.
NORTHBOuNo

'fOff FloOONO.
l:55 a. m.-Daily No g. Wasbin0,o,.so
western Limited Solid Pullman TAIN ~ Wos -hi
ingion and points North and Fast. "aaA.
Z;0b a. n. Daily No g. for W..bs,..
the Fast slcerers and day ooaehe. nf
4'lf a. M DAILY. No. 40. New York Al Al,
ENpras. Sleeper to Washington ma H'Anta
1874 e. m.- DAILY. no. g. New Yoyk a,s -.
- res, Tor Washington and the Fast '"'a
$3.50 "a. u. liuiil except Nnn.lav ~. d, a
'ri PIN I'm l.d ga iaan sorors,, - r esh-
eta" iiis room afHi iis-r.ani skier srs s,d "a.
l"riin OF Oh effa' nuu carr 10 New Yort 'ri-
"a. m l'a'9 No 10 Tor Washington ana =.
SO D.. ni. Daily, No. D. Tor Wa.Li,.,
t'nnoiiaie siai.onf Connocis al Cb.,l,..-"'' n
WITH Chesapeake AMI Ohio heal and a., pa.
bound iuiins '~' VEST
$50 .. IN. Daily. No %. Fast Mad for w..
ingion n all points Fast van
l:lo g.. 80. Daily. No. ~. Washington and ~.
da Limited. sicepers To- New York. Nh
ff2 D. m. Daily No. 10 for Chariott,.,.n
int rncdiate stations. Ana
S UrHBOUNo.
1896 n. m. Daily No 30 New York and Al
Express. Slcepers 10 Columbus. Ca - ' S1
class coaches % Atlanta Tourist Seenins, ~
on ut days. THURSDAY and Saturdays. 10 A..
ge.ca ana san Francisco without change mn
2'sa "a. no. Daily, No 80. New York AMI pqo..a-
Express Firsi-class coaches and sle,...'' "a I.
Columbus, Savannah. Jacksonville ard -. -
10 Augusta and Port Tampa Dining c,, -, s- efs
1916 a. m daily. No 81. Wsshingtan s.i
Southwestern Limited. Solid Pullman rain s 80
rying dnwlng-room aloepers 10 New o,i.s.o
Nashville. Knoxville. Chattanooga 49,
birmingham. Macon and Atlanta. Din ri,.,' ~.
service. f car
so5 "a. ~. Daily. No H. between chs,,o,,.-
vile and Dansiile and intermediate stafion-
z.zl 3. M. Daily. No 9. local paSsen1.. 4.
Danyille and intermedia stations
1874 p. m. Daily. No. -. Washington And W.
dt Lin ted. Coaches and sleeper Tor Coh,.l-a
savannah and Jacksonville Dining car ee-s--'
i.o2 p. m. Daily. No. 30. United stats -.
Mail Sleeper and day coaches 10 New Orr
without change. Sleeper Danville 10 R,,,s.a .,.'
ham. and Salisbury 10 Memphis Dining car 80.
vice. IT.
ll.22 p. m.-Daily. except SUNDAY Eo n
Southern Palm Limited. COMPOSITE car. pnin.,
compartment car. two drawing-ro1rn sl..r.-
compartment observation sleeper. Southern 81.
way dining car New York 10 ST. Augustine pm
man drawing room. siate-room soeper 10 Al,
S. C.. and Augusta. Ga
500 a. m.-Ariye daily. No. Il. from North a,5
East. "'1
II. B. SPENCER Gen Mgr.
$. II. HAkDWlCk. Pass. Traffic Nor
". Z. TA1LOE. Gen. Pass. Agt
l.. s. BROWN. Gen. AIT. Washington n r
a
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27
Between Bcimuda and Chester.

'Will wait al Chester untu g.i5 m. foi
\. =. J.. OOI lIaIn lrum liIchmOnd
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27

T. II. X. TALBOT G eral Manager
TlDl WAFER a v EsTERN kAILRo,n.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27

Mona"s n"i, eN. IHig er
A. NJ. a. -. Is. Ar IN
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27

Between WinierpOck and Richmond and
Petersburg Via Chester and Atlantic
Coast iue railroad
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1906-04-27


Dillon S. C.. Aug 49,
Bobbitt Chemical Company:
Gentlemen:-ln September. 1922 took rheu-
matism in a very bad form linhammatory In a
month after the disease started had to give up
my work and 20 TO bed. II continued to grow
worse until my arms and hands we're badly
drawn. so much so that could not use them:
My lees we're drawn back till my feet touched
my hips. | was as helpless as a baby for nearly
IL months. The muscles Of my arms and legs
we're hard and Struggled up. ! suffered death
many times over. Was treated by six different
physicians in McColl Dillon and Marion. but
none OF them could do me any good until DR. J;
Z. Ewing. of Dillon came 10 see me He told
me TO try your RHEUMACIDE He got me one
bottle Of the medicine and began TO take IL.
and before the FIRST bottle was used up | began
TO get better. | used So bottles and was com
pletely cured. That was years ago and my
health has been excellent ever since Have
had no symptoms Of rheumatism. VIII say
further that began TO walk in about six days
after began to take RHEUMACIDE with the
aid OF crutches: in about three months after
began to take IL could walk as good as any.
body and went back to work again.
Yours truly. JAMES WILKES.