The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-18
Mt WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN

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copgrighi. 1904. bg Joseph y. BoUies-C0pyrght in
Grsaf BrIdn-AH Rights RsssrBed.
LINCOLN. Neb., Oct. ] .-One who travels
ga foreign lands is likely to learn but little
of the Governments Of the lands through
which he passes unless he makes a special
effort 20 inform himself, for the lines OF
travel are laid through the communities
where law and order are maintained and
where the government is 80 stable that the
casual observer has no occasion 10 inVesti-
y gate its inner workings.
The mountains tower above him and he
sees them; the chasms yawn before him n
he beholds them, and the various forms OF
agriculture leave a panoramic effect upon
his memory. He frequently meets the
merchant ia his store, sees the iaborer at his
work quite often, and occasionally behotds
u grandee in his carriage, but. not being able
20 speak the language OF the country, he
learns little about the forms Of government
and less about the political aspirations OF the
people, and yet the science Of government
Ia one of the most important sciences and
the royal art, rs il has been called, stands
hirst among the arts.
Tolstoi has declared that the science which
teaches us how TO live is the most important
Of sciences, and surely the science OF gov
eminent m next. While il il true that an
individual can by misbehavior forfeit the
blessings of good government, or by good
behavior minimize the evils OF bad govern
lI~nent-while 1t il true that no government.
however good, can save a man from himself
III his tendencies be evil. and that no govern
rnent. however bad, can entirely deprive
him OF the rewards OF virtue, yet Govern
snents may do much to encourage or 70
hinder the development Of the people.
Governments may retard or advance the
snaterial growth OF a country. For instance.
pur Government IL in part, at least, respon-
sible for the unparalleled development Of
the United States because it has given the
largest encouragement to the individual.
The Japanese Government has in like
manner stimulated education by the estab-
lishment of q public school system and has
developed a large number OF public men by
the organization OF a parliamentary system.
Turkey, on the other hand, has blighted
some of the fairest portions Of the earth by
suppressing political Independence, by ig-
noring education and by leaving the indus
trious at the mercy Of the marauder.
There has been little political life ia Tur-
key because few OF the people have a
the education necessary to take a broad sur
Vey of the country and its needs, while
great stretches of fertile country lie uncul-
tivated because the Government Ii SO in
different TO the rights Of the people that the
tIler OF the soil has no assurance that he will
be allowed TO harvest the crop which ne
plants. Those. who have investigated the
subject contend that the valley of the
Jordan would be q fruitful region if protec-
ton were given TO those who would culti-
vate it, but because the Bedoun has been
allowed to come down from the hills and
reap where he has not sown, the land is
neglected, "
a trip around the globe one sees in
actual working avery form Of governments
known 10 man. In Russia an unlimited
monarchy until recently laid its oppressive
hand upon more than a hundred millions OF
human beings. .
FUTURE or RUSSIA.
They held their lives, their liberty and
their property at the will of the ruler. ANY
citizen in the Cars vast domains could
he taken from his home and exled for life
without he or his family knowing the cause
Of his punishment. -
The royal family anG the Office holders
held the people in contempt and denied
oven the natural rights OF men. The people
were taught to be thankful for any favoFs,
however small, b the Little Father"
saw ft to bestow, and they were likewise
taught that it was dangerous to complain
when the most fundamental right was
ignored.
Now there is a Duma, and the Duma
as an institution still lives. No enc can
predict through what trials and tribUia-
lions the country may yet pass; but consti-
tutional government will yet Do hers.
As in the winter time we cannot foresee
or foreten what days will be pleasant and
what days stormy, but do know that in a
few months we shall have summer SO.
without being able to Determine through
what tumults or riots or revolutions Russia
must pass, We know that in a few years
che will have a stable government in which
her people will have q voice.
In japan the Government is somewhat
mixed in its form. She has a parliament,
but the executive branch is not yet in the
hands OF the people.
The tendency in Japan, as everywhere,
Is toward further limitation OF the power
OF the sovereign and further enlargement OF
the power Of the people. The vital political
question there now is whether he Emperor
shall select his advisers from among his
personal friends or from the members Of
the dominant party in parliament.
There is, of course, no doubt of the ulti-
mate triumph of the parliamentary party.
Denmark witnessed a similar struggle
which lasted for nearly a generation and
terminated AZ such struggles always do.
in the triumph Of the parliament.
CIVIL SERVICE m CHINA. "'
In China they have a mixture Of mon
aTchy and aristocracy. The monarch is
unlimited in his power, hut is SO hedged
about by the aristoOracy that he really has
very little independence.
Like some of the native Princes who rule
under Dutch Regents, the Chinese ruler
10 the servant rather than the master OF his
officials. Living in the Forbidden City
and meeting personally but few Of his
people, he is quite dependent upon the
m~andarins.
The aTistocracy Of China il not an aris-
tocracy OF birth or OF wealth, but a civil
service aristocracy. While positions are
often bought-sometimes even sold at
auction when the Emperor needs money