Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-08-09

OF his service for the Russian people to
listen not only to the representatives of
authority. but also to the representatives
| of the people, and to require obedience to
the laws not only from the people, but also
from the officials
I'm reply Nicholas called these sugges-
lions 'senseless dreams "a phrase which
has since become famous while Rodicheff
was expelled from the Tver zemstvos be-
cause of his audacity and forbidden to come
to st. Petersburg
In 1902 younger generation joined the
gentlemen 1 have already named in or
ganizing The League of Liberation They
included the twin princes Peter and Paul
Dolgorukoff, who belong to one of the old
est families Of the empire, even older than
that of the Romanoffs. Last year their
father held a high office at court In the
society was also Prince Chakhovskoy and
many of the presidents of Zemstvos most
OF whom are now members of the imperial
douma-Kokoshkin, Yakushkin, Ivoff and
Nabokon, who is the son of a former min
lister. They had also Prof. Milukoff always
a moderate. and Korolenko, Protopopoff and
other intelligents' who were more radical.
Their newspaper was refused a license in
Germany, by Paul Strive. with contribu-
tons from the gentlemen named. and was
circulated secretly by the thousands. It
was printed on tissue paper in order that
1t might be sent through the mails in let
ter envelopes without attracting suspicion.
THE League of Liberation held meetings
In Switzerland and in Finland and adopted
a platform which included a demand for a
constitutional ministry.
shipoff's Movement.
"A parallel movement began in 1902 under
the leadership Of D. H. Shipoff, then presi-
dent OF the Moscow zemstvo and now an
elected member Of the imperial council. 1t
included more of the members OF the differ
ent zemstvos than the League of Liberia
ton. but none OF the outside intelligents.
Shipoff called a congress for dealing with
the economic needs o; the peasants and for
that he was Cancelled by the Infamous
Plehve and kept out Of the Moscow douma.
He however. created bureau TO inter-
change ideas, still only on economic ques-
lions of the most respectful character.
I'm November, 1902, Shipon presided at
congress of zemstvos, and series OF
moderate requests was framed and con-
! veyed to the knowledge Of the emperor and
the public. This was called the eleven
point manifesto for the reason that 1t con-
tafned eleven demands, and 1t was really
the besAS6fng Of the present political situa-
ton. 1es>aeading members of Shipon 8
congress were all active in the League OF
Liberation.
"At this time and until October last Rus
slams were not allowed to meet for political
discussion. but members of O. profession
were permitted to assemble to discuss pro-
fessional subjects. The liberators. who al
most TO q man belonged TO the learned pro-
LESSONS. conceived the idea Of organising q
series Of professional banquets, all of which
adopted the 'eleven-point manifesto Thus
Its requests were Endorsed by the almost
unanimous professional opinion of the coun-
try. These banquets were followed by the
formation of professional unions-the en-
gineers. the lawyers. the writer's. the doc
tors, the schoolmasters and several others
Then came an epidemic Of organizations
the verein for equal rights for Jews the
verein for woman suffrage the union OF
officials the union of railway servants.
the post and telegraph union and last. but
most important Of all. the peasants union.
1904. has continued up to the present time.
until now almost every profession and oc-
cupation in Russia Is organized. and in May.
| 1905, Prof. Milukon hit upon the happy
scheme Of matchmaking all these various