The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-09-16

hands of the Car, the government ana
the nobility. and the peasants demand
that It shall be turned over 10 them.
At this time they are willing TO nave
made to the owners,
hut the more they think about II ana
the more vehement their demand be-
comes. the less they are likely 10
consider Compensation. There Is no
doubt that there are enough cases OF
Injustice and contemptuous manner
erence to their needs TO arouse resent
ment among the peasants II we tahe
human nature as we ind II. they teii
Of instances where whole villages nave
been compelled to pay toll generation /
after generation for the privilege OF
crossing some noblemans land 70 reach
the land farmed In common by the peo-
pie OF the village. Powerless TO CON
denim land for roads, as 1t can De done :
in other countries. they have grown EN-
uttered year by year until some OF
them feel that patience has ceased 70
he a virtue, It is now animated that
the government will offer partial DIS
tribution OF land as compromise.
The opponents of appropriation seek
shelter behind the excuse tnat the peas
ants attacks the principles OF private
ownership while II Is true that tnere
are socialists in the duma who prefer
! communal holdings to private owner
shin. the object of the peasants ID not.
10 dIspossess small holders out I'M
ply to give the peasants access 10 .hc
large estates. The situation reseHhpies'
IN some respects, the situation In ire
land. except that In Russia the land Is
10 he turned over to the communities
Imade some inquiry regarding the ques.
t,on Of point ownership AMI learned
from one of the best Informed men IN
Russia that there is growing SEMI
ment in favor of individuai ownersnlp
each Individual that stimulus 10 I'M
nroye his land, which Is the important
element in Individual ownership
| In riding through country one can
| distinguish with considerable accur-
aev between the farms cultivateas py
/ their owners and those cultivated py
tenants. because the tenants, as fnie'
are unwilling to make permanent I'M
movements One Russian economist es
Inmates the income from the owned
lands of Russia at 80 per cent. ABOVE
the income Of the same area or com
munal lands He attributes II 10 tne
ability Of the land owners to supply
tbann1a,ves with proper tools and to
furnish or borrow Mt low rates the
money needed for cultivation. but IL
is POSSIBLE that this difference may De
!. in part due to the fact that ownership
makes the incentive to labor greater
and offers a richer reward to superior
effort.
There is en- upper house. or Council
of Empire, as II is called. which shares
the legislative power with the Duma'
but IL does not receive much attention
because its composition is such tnat
II cannot reflect public sentiment and
cannot oppose the Will OF the reople
except at the risk of its existence.
Half of the members of this Council
are appointed by the Emperor and the
other half elected by different inter
ests. The nobility elect some. the uni
versities some and the Zemstvos some.
The Duna does not recognize the
iCouncil of the Empire as a coordinate
branch of the Government. and will not
he slow TO express itself in favor OF a
radical change in the method OF Sc
Letting the members OF this upper
house, or even its abolition. IL itstands
in the way of measures which have a
large majority In the Duma.
What will he the outcome If Russia
A Russian would hardly venture
prediction, and for an outsider rroph-
ecy Is even more hazardous. The sit
uation could scarcely be more compli-
Gated Generations of misrule have
brought an accumulation of questions
all pressing for solution. The Duma
wants a great many things done and
h wants them done at once, while the
d Government IL II remains under the
"A influences of a bureaucracy will give
h as little as possible SO far. the Gov
: eminent has been unfortunate in thai
II has delayed making concessions un
= til still greater concessions are de-
manded.
The program OF the present ministr,
has been so completely repudiated tina
the Emperor may find It easier to ap
point new ministry than to humiliat'
the present one by compelling II to pro
pose what II has heretofore refused
If new ministry Is formed and thu
Duma Is consulted about It's personnel
Ivan Petrunkevich will probably be tn
Premier. He is a member OF the Dumi
and the head of the parliamentary or
ganization OF the Constitutional Demo
Gratis He has already proposed a Con
stitution to Nicholas II. If the Duma Il
disregarded and a ministry formed
from the Emperor's present advisors
1t will at least he more liberal thar
the one now IN ONCE
The duma Is permanent institu
tion; IL could not he abolished by i'm
perial decree without endangering thu
crown itself, and II cannot be dis
solved or prorogued with safety. Thu
Government must, therefore. Urea
with the duma and agree to such com
promises as may be necessary tC
maintain peace between the exec1tiv'
and the people The officials. too. ar,
learning from the duma something
about the science of government
" hen there was no one to speak FOL
the people the Car could claim Il
= voice their sentiments. He can CLAIM
n this no longer. When the people wer,
. denied a hearing, the officials ,ouI'
l. deny that the people desired reforms
! but the officials cannot put their un
' supported opinions against a unani
nous duma The elections hav
= tshown how insignificant a support tn
Government has among Its subjects
q and these figures contain at warning
d which even the bureaucracy eanno
= entirely disregard.
O Does the Government rely upon tn
/" army? The soldiers are drawn from
l. the people and serve for three years
half million raw recruits being en-
e listed each year Is 1t possible tina
h they can be different in sentimen
i from their fathers and brothers? II
IS three years the Russian army VIII b
q made up of men in hearty accord wit
II those who speak through the dunno
q without an army to rely upon, wha
, answer can the bureaucracy make I
70 the Legislature?
d The Gear has already suffered niue
# at the hands of his advisors; he is n
o longer the idol that he was, and rev
n erence for the church has aoate
TO somewhat as reverence for him, II
a temporal head. has decreased. Wins
il can he do? There is but one cours
S open to him. He asked the people WIFI
10 the wanted and they have told hir