The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-09-02

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 nehlIy III the history or nurops. About the beginning or the eleventh century hungary, unaer the leadership or King Stepnen liater known as St. Stephen1. became 4 Christian nation, and since that time sne mas been conspicuous in al the religious wars of Europe. In tne fifteeptn century she furnished the leader of the Christian army in the person. of John Hunyadi, one of the greatest military geniuses of that period. His prominence in war brought his son Matthias to the throne
 oL hun8arys king who, when warned of a plot against his life, exclaimed, Let no king, ruling justly and law fully, fear the poison and assassin's dagger of his subjects.'
 As early as the thirteenth century Hungary began to inaugurate political reforms and in 12222 her nobility end ed a struggle of hundred years by securing a concession which is regard ed by her people as equal in inipor- tance to England's Magma Charta of 1216 It was in the form of a royal letter, Issued by Andrew IT., and called the Golden Bull lowing to the fact that the seal attached to 1t by silk string rests in a box of gold.) This docu- ment contained certain promises to the nobies and admitted the binding
 
 king. The Golden Bull was the begin ming of constitutional government in Hungary, nd while il has not always
 been strictly observed by her rulers. 1t has served as basis for subsequent negotiations. For several centuries
 they elected their kings.
 During the nearly TOO years which
 have elapsed since 1922 Hungary has
 had a eheckered career, Rival aspir-
 ants for the throne have fought over the succession and been aided in their ambition by neighboring nations; kings and nobles have fought over
 their respective authority; the nobili-
 ty and the peasants have fought over their rights; different branches of the Christian church have been at war with each other, for Hungary has been the eastern outpost of Professionalism, as well as champion of Christianity; and more recently Hungary has been fighting for her political independence. Hers has been long, drawn-out strug
 gle in which her people, time and again, have almost been exterminated, but she emergeS from 1t all a strong,
 vigorous and militant nation. She is now & part of the Austro-Hungarian empire, and her people form the lar
 gest homogeneous group in the empire. When we consider the numerous wars between Austria and Hungary the diff ference in race, history and language, and the dissimilarity in political train- ing, 1t is not strange that there should be lack of harmony between the em- pire as whole and it's largest single member
 When Hungary turned to Austria flor help against the Turks and came under the Hapsburg line, she insisted upon A recognition of her national rights and secured a promise that her people should have control of their own affairs. While this alliance did not save her from the Mohammedans. if united her destiny to that of Aus tria, but she has never surrendered her independence. The crown of Hun gary has always been distinct from that of Austria, and the emperor of Austro- Hungary must visit Budapest and receive with the crown of St. Ste- phen the title of king of Hungary. Joseph H. son of the beloved Maria Theresa, was the first king to refuse to receive the crown and swear ftdei4 ity to the Hungarian constitution. and the Hungarians would never call him their crowned king" until on his death bed he retracted his arbitrary measures and permitted the restora- tion of the constitution.
 In her struggle for liberty Hungary has developed many patriots. among whom Lewis Kossuth is the best known. He and Francis Deak were the leaders of the revolution in 1S4S which resulted in the constitution oI that year The constitution of 1887 was not quite so liberal. and these two constitutions form the basis of the present political division in Hungary all Hungarians are jealous of the rights of their nation, but the majority of the members of parliament insist upon the recognition of the constitu- ton of 1S4S while the minority are aA tO fhn nnEt ffntinO I of 1867. which gives the emperor a larger control over the army.
 The elder Kossuth lived in exile ar- ter the revolution In 1887 and was dur | Ing his exile enthusiastically received | in the United States by Congress and 1 by the people in general Ross ans son is now a member of the coalition l ministry. and at banquet to which had the good fortune to be invited. | spoke feeIingly of the treatment which | his father received in the United | States and of the high regard felt by | Hungarians for America and Ameri- l cans. Count Apponyi, the foremost l orator of Hungary. also paid his re- | spects to the United States and lik- l ened our country to the forwarding | stations in wireless telegraphy. say Ing that the political current was so | strong in our country that It's mes | saRes were carried to all the world.
 happened to be in Budapest at the | opening of parliament, and heard the | snAech of the new premier, Dr. We | kerie. The independent party has a | large majority in the parliament, hav- ing shown increasing strength at each | election. The emperor, l Francis Joseph, Is resisting one of the l