The Washington times., 1906-10-04

I Congress. The great bulk OF the work
however. must be left to the State Leg
islatures. and II our state Legislatures
would act as drastieally and yet as
wisely on this subject Of child labor as
Pennsylvania has acted within the pres
ent year as regards the subjects / have
enumerated above, the gain would be
literally sncalculable and one Of the
life would at last be adequately met.
Powers of the Nation.
So much for the. State Now for the
nation. and here cannot do better than
base my theory OF governmental action
upon the words and deeds Of one OF
Pennsylvania's greatest sons. Justice
James Wilson. Wilson's career has been
singularly overlooked FOR many years,
but I believe that more and more it is
now being adequately appreciated. and
/ congratulate your State upon the fact
that Wilson's body is to be taken away
from where il now rests and brought
back 10 lie. as IL should. in Pennsyl-
vania soil. He was a signer Of the Dec
laration Of independence. He was one
Of the men who saw that the Revolu-
ton, in which he had served as a sol
dier. would be utterly fruitless unless 1t
was followed by a close and permanent
union Of the States. and IN the Cousu-
tutiOnal Convention, and IN securing the
adoption of the Constitution and ex-
pounding what Il meant, he rendered
services even greater than he rendered
as a member OF the Continental Con-
gress. Whicn declared our independence,
for IL was the success Of the makers and
preservcrs Of the Union which justified
our independence.
He believed in the people with the
faith Of Abraham Lincoln and &C 1pled
with his faith in the people he mad what
most Of the men who in his generation
believed In the people did not have, that
is, the courage 20 recognize the fact
that faith In the people amounted to
nothing unless the representatives. or
the people assembled together I'm the
National Government were given full
and complete power TO work on behalf
Of the people. He developed even before
Marshall the doctrine absolutely essen
tial not merely 10 the efficiency but to
the existence of this natiOn) that an In
herent power rested IN the nation. out
side Of the enumerated powers conferred
upon it by the Constitution. in all cases
where the object involved was beyond
the power Of the several States and was
a power ordinarily exercised by sOVer-
eign nations.
Blanks Left in Legislation.
advocated setting forth IN early and
clear fashion the powers of the National
Government he laid down the propo-
sitiOn that II should be made clear that
there were neither vacancies nor inter-
ferences between the limits Of State and
national Jurisdiction, and that both
jurisdiction together composed only
one uniform and comprehensive system
Of government and laws: that is. when
ever the States can not act. because the
need 10 be met is not one Of merely a
single locality, then the National Gov
ernment. representing all the people,
should have complete power to act. II
was I'm the spirit Of Wilson that Wash
ingtOn, and Washingtous lieutenant,
Hamilton, acted; and it was IN the same
spirit that Marshall construed the law.
It is only by acting IN this spirit that
the national judges, legislators. and ex-
ecutives can give a satisfactory solution
OF the great question of the present
day-the question of providing on be-
half OF the sovereign people the means
which viii enable the people IN effec-
tive form 10 assert their sovereignty
over the immense corporations OF the
day. Certain judicial decisions have
done iust what Wilson feared; they