davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
TRUSTS MUST ANSWER
Supreme Court Rules That Evidence
Must be Given.

1t is the Judgment of the Supreme
Court of the United States that cor
poration can be compelled to produce
evidence that will show it TO be a vio-
lator of the Sherman antitrust law.
Immunity does not attach to it as il
does to an individual It's officers
must, upon pain of imprisonment for
contempt of court, give testimony, pro-
duce books and papers that will con.
vict the corporation and subject it to
the penalties of the antitrust law.
This Judgment was rendered in a
case entitled Hale versus Henkel. Ed
win f. Hale was a witness in the in
quiry into the operations OF the So
called tobacco trust.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21

Commodore f. c. Benedict at 4
dinner at Waterbury,, Conn. said: Il
this country was administered on
business principles wirhcu; = gard To
politics we would soon own or control
everything in the world lh3t Is worth
owning or contrCll Ig, and that with
out firing anything but commercial!
shot. The country suffers vastly more
from the acts Of It's lawmakers than
tie acts of its llwbresKtrs in i'm,
peding commerce. in discriminating
in taxation, and in unciy!lized meth.
DDS of fiuance
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
DR.. Manuel Quintana. President Of
the Argentine republic is dead.
Canal Commission Reduced.

Reduction of the membership of
the isthmian canal commission from
seven members to three, and pro-
vision that the officers of the admins
tration shall be upon the isthmus, in
stead of in Washington, will be pro-
vided for in the canal act soon to be
presented by the senate canal COM
mission. The first draft OF that act
has been prepared and it is not prob
able that 1t will be materially chang
ed.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
OPPRESSION OF JEWS.
Proclamation Said to Have Been
Issued in Russia.

The anti-Jewish proclamation alleg-
ed to have been issued by the Russian
bureaucracy consists OF 22 articles.
including a demand for the expulsion
of the Jews from all the cities of
European Russia and Siberia into the
pale. the prohibition of higher edu-
cation for Jews, the prohibition OF the
stoppage of work on Jewish holidays,
the levying Uf n lump sum of money
upon the Jewish population in lieu OF
military service, the reassumption of
Jewish names where they have been
changed. the prohibition to the Jews
OF certain professions, like the stage,
and that none but grandchildren of
Jews, who have accepted Christianity
shall enjoy full legal rights.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
A FREIGHT SHIP Wrecked
Big Steamer Goes Down and 27
Sailors are Drowned,
. THE CAPTAIN LOSES HIS LIFE
Crews OF the Bostonian and Mann
helm Risk Their Lives and Res
cue "a Men.

Suffering, mental and physical, and
numerous acts of heroism in saving
life, rarely equaled in the record OF
tragedies of the sea, attended the loss
OF the Phoenix line steamer British
King, which on Sunday last in rag
ing Atlantic storm, foundered about
$50 miles south of Sable island, and
carried to death % members of the
crew. Thirteen men were rescued
from the sinking vessel by the Ley
land line steamer, Bostonian, bound
IRON Manchester to Boston, and IL by
the German tank steamer Mannheim,
Rotterdam for New York. Five others
who had been drawn down into the
vortex into which the British King
was engulfed were picked up by the
BostOnian fiom frail bit of wreckage
which they had grasped after des-
perate struggle for life in the whirl-
pool The Bostonian arrived in Bos-
ton three days later and the details OF
the disaster became known.
Capt James O'Hagan of the British
King died on board the Bostonian
from the effects of terrible injuries
sustained in trying to save his
ship.
The rescued brought here include
James Flanagan, the second officer:
J. ID. Crawford, the chief engineer; /;
Adolphus Beck, the fourth engineer,
and William J. Curry, the steward
The others were coal passers and sail
ors mostly Belgians, and one stowa.
way, Henry Parkotck, of New York.
The lifeboats from the Bostonian
We're crushed to fragments and the
volunteer crews which manned them
thrown into the high running seas
while engaged in the work of rescue,
but all were safely landed ON board
the steamer
When the first lifeboat was lowered
from the Bostonian the small craft
was swept against the stern of the
big ship and destroyed, and several
of the seamen were bruised and
manned. Yet, despite the boisterous
condition of the sea, the volunteers
were rescued by lines thrown out
from the steamer.
A second attempt TO reach the sink
ing ship was successful and Il men,
including Captain O'Hagan, were talk
en- from the British King TO the Bos-
tonian. Then again powerful bill
low carried the lifeboat against the
side of the ship and destroyed it, and
the life savers We're thrown into the
sea, TO be rescued only after an
hours effort by their comrades.
Volunteers from the Mannheim, af-
ter heroic battle with the waves,
had taken off II men from the Brit
ish King, but after this neither of the
steamers, in consequence of the in
creasing gale, could make an attempt
to reach the laundering freighter.
Moreover, darkness fell, and il was an
utter impossiblnty to do else but wait
FOR the moonlight to guide them. In
the darkness the British King, which
was then water logged and helpless,
plunged to the bottom.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
PANIC IN THE GERAGE
Ships Officers Quiet Passengers With
Revolver and Knife.

A terrifying experience at sea was
reported by the officers of the French
line steamer Hudson, which arrived
at New York. During a storm which
swept the Atlantic, the $50 steerage
passengers became panic-stricken
and were quieted only after the cap
tain and first officer had threatened
them with revolver and knife.
A terrific gale rolled up great seas,
When the storm was at its worst the
steerage passengers sought to go on
deck. The stewards and minor Off
GERS lost control of them and appealed
to the captain for assistance. Cap
tain Juham said the storm was the
most severe he ever saw in his 80
years experience at sea.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
MANY KILLED IN COLLISION
Failure to Deliv r Message Said
to Have Been the Cause.
FIRE ADDED TO THE HORROR
A Binding Snow Storm Darkened the
Rocky Gorges Where the
Trains Met.

Thirty-fve lives were crushed out
ger trains near Adobe, Col, on the
Denver & Rio Grande railroad. and
nearly score of the victims were in
cinerated, several beyond Identified
tion, by fire that destroyed the
wrecked coaches. Over 30 were in
Jured, but all will probably recover.
Many of the dead We're homeseek-
ers bound for the northwest. The
three crushed locomotives set fire to
the splintered coaches and It was
hours before all the bodies were re-
covered, the flames being so hot that
rescuers could not approach the deb
ris until the fuel burned out.
1t was wild. stormy night in the
mountain canons when the two heavy
trains met. Binding snow darkcned
the rocky gorges and speed was not
high. Suddenly headlights ilashe !
out, and 1t was realized by the on
gineers that something was wrong.
According to Fireman j. II. Smith OF
the westhound train. Engineer Walt
er Coslett applied the emergency
brake, but the slippery rails allowed
the momentum Of the heavy train to
carry il on the fatal crash.
Flames Ran Through Debris.
Hardly had the noise of the wreck
ceased when a sheet of fire run
through the shattered cars of both
trains.
In the forward coach of the west
bound iIain every seat was occupied
by passengers, most o" whom were
homeseekers. A number of the for
eigners were among them and in their
terror they gave up life without max
ing any attempt to reach safety out
side the burning car. They sank to
the floor of the car and were roasted
alive. The cooler ones in the car
seeing their danger, rushed for the
windows and doors, and with the a,d
of the passengers in the rear of the
train ana those members of the train
crew who were unhurt managed to
reach the open air.
A list of dead made up from close
Investigation by responsible persons
follows William Hollis, engineer;
Walter Cesslett, engineer; II. d. Sud
duth, fireman. Edward 4. Baird, dep
uty sheriff, Denver; Archibald Whit
ney, prisoner in charge of Baird;
Mrs. William Burnside, daughter and
daughters child, all OF Kansas; A. n.
Barklo, Calida, Col: Miss Grace
Barglo, Salida, Col. Enos McFar-
land, express messenger: TAYLOR He
witt, Lebo, Kan; Mrs. William He
witt. Lebo, Kan; Pearl Hewitt, Lebo,
Kan; Mrs. Catherine Hewitt and
baby boy, Lebo, Kan; Edward Cow
ley, Lebo, Kan; Mrs. Edward Cow
ley, Lebo, Kan; Frederick Jones,
Lebo, Kan; Frederick Lcmrooley,
Denver; Mrs. Winona Hewitt, Lcbo
Kan.
The seriously injured were: Patrick
Murphy, Florence, Col; p. Peters,
baggageman; James Proconone. I'M
migrant, Miss Mabel Fields. T. A.
Hewitt, Lebo, Kan; C.. c. Kissell, New
York; A. Gerber. New York; c. n.
Wright, New York; ]. n Lotion,
Bellhower, Mo
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Bomb Smashes Stone Front.

Some one threw a bomb early in
the morning at the front Of the six
story building of Clark, Chaplin and
Bushnell. wholesale groccrs, in Duane
street. New York, and the explos-
ion smashed several large plate glass
windows and knocked over stacks OF
canned goods and cases of grocer
les inside. The damage was about
$500. Members Of the firm say 1t
was the work OF striking teamsters
or their allies.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Chew TO Build Church.

]. p. Withrow, merchant Of Hollis
and Ellenboro, N. c., has a novel plan
in behalf of the interdenominatlonal
church he proposes to build in Hollis
Tobacco tags, if this plan does no,
miscarry, are TO serve as the finan'
cial foundation Of the new place oi
worship. Already the tags are pour
ing in upon the devoted collector from
many sources. Mr.. Withrow hopes be-
fore long to have the building of the
tobacco tag church" under way.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Chilean Cabinet Resians.

The Chilean ministry has resigned.
The I Chilean cabinet was organized
August /, 1905. all the ministers be-
ing personal adherents of President
Riesqo. Its membership was as fol-
lowsA Minister of the interior, Juan
Antonio Griego; minister of foreign
affairs, A. Edwards; minister of JUS
tice ahd public education, Antonio
Huneus; minister Of war and navy,
former) Admiral Luis Uribe; minister
of public works, Enrique Villegas.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
MINISTRY is COMPLETE
New French Cabinet, With M. Sarrien
as Premier.

The new French cabinet has been
definitely constituted. Following are
the minister's: Premier and minister
of justice, NJ. Sarrien; minister of the
interior, Senator Clemenceau; min
lister of foreign affairs, Nh Bour-
geois minister of war Mr.. Etienne: ::
minister of marine, NJ. Thomson
minister of public instruction and
worship, NJ. BRAND; minister of com
merce, NJ. Daumergue; minister of
public works, NJ. Barthou; minister of
finance, NJ. Poincare; minister of the
colonies, NJ. Leygues minister o.
agriculture, NJ Ruau
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Fire Losses.

The house Of Andrew Bunzo, a
wealthy farmer OF New Sewickley
township, Beaver county, Pa, was de-
stroyed by fire, the loss being esti.
mated at $4,000.
Fire destroyed the squad farm of
II. l.. Baldwin & Co., near Washing
ton, Pa. About 1,200 pigeons with
many squads, chickens and feed were
cremated.
new oil well zig erected by Cul-
bertson 4 Mckee. of Butler, on the
Denny farm at Coylesville, Pa, was
destroyed by fire.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Collision Was Accidental.

Secretary Bonaparte has received
the report of the court of inquiry ap-
pointed by Rear Admiral Evans to in
vestigate the circumstances attend
ing the general mix-up of warships in
the harbor of New York January 6
last. when the Kentucky and the
Kearsarge ran aground, and the Ala
bama narrowly avoided the Kearsarge
and ran into the Kentucky. damaging
her so that she had to be taken to the
navy yard for repairs. II is under
stood the court found that the ground
ing and subsequent collision were ac-
cidental.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Russian losses in War.

The st. Petersburg Invalid, organ
OF the military, is still printing daily
lists of the losses sustained during the
war which, without including Port
Arthur, now total 15l, 900 killed.
wounded and disappeared. The lists
covering the fighting at Mukden are
Just beginning to appear. A remark
able feature is the percentage of men
whose fate is unknown, having been
abandoned on the field of battle.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
KILLED BY SNOWFALL
Fatal Injuries inflicted by Missile
Thrown in Play.

Anna. the l5-year-old daughter of
David Trump, OF Connellsville, Pa.
died of cerebro-spinal meningitis, re-
sulting from injuries inflicted at the
base of her brain by water-soaked
SNOWFALL.
While she was returning from
school a boy playfully threw the
SNOWFALL. Later she complained of
pains in the head and a short time
later became violently i'll.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
NO CAUSE FOR MASSACRE
Missionaries Killed Because Chinese
Magistrate Committed Suicide.

Private advices received at Shang-
hal. March u from Kiauliing, province
of Euang 81, confirm the previous re-
ports that the magistrate who died
at Nanchang March l as the result of
a stab wound, said to have been self
inflicted or received at the hands Of a
Catholic missionary, committed sui
eide.
IT. was the wounding of the Nan
chang magistrate which led to the
rioting last month during which six
French Catholic missionaries were
killed.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Appropriation Bill Completed. i.

The Senate Committee on Appro-
priations completed the Fertilization
bill, and it was reported by Senator
q. G. Perkins. 1t carries appropria-
tions ageregating s3,61S, 1898, an in
crease of $7S0,0O0 over the amount
appropriated by the House bill.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Puddlers' WAGES Advanced.

The examination of the sales sheets
at the office Of the Republic Iron and
Steel company at Youngstown, show
ed that the wages of puddlers, will be
advanced from $5.75 to Sc ton. The
wages of the finishers will be advanc-
ed per cent This is the highest
rate paid for pudding since October
|, 1902
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
TONS OF DYNAMITE BLOW UP
Shock Felt as Miles-only Seven
Men Are Hurt.

In an explosion of eight tons of dy-
Mantle at the works OF the Great
Northern Power Company at Thorn
son, Mimi, seven men were injured,
none fatally. A powder house, a
roundhouse and steam shovel were
reduced TO splinters and masses of
twisted iron.
AT the time of the explosion there
We're 200 men within a radius OF |,
900 feet. Nearly all were thrown to
the ground.
For radius of As miles from
thomson the concussion could be felt.
In Duluth every house shook.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Twelve Years for Killing Americans.

Olo Il. Finstad and l.. c. Coughe-
ner were sentenced at Santa Rosalia,
Mex, to 12 years each in the peni-
tentiary for the murder of r. w.
Rutherford, of Philadelphia. and c..
W. McMuiray, of Los Angeles, at the
Diaz ranch in Chihuahua recently.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
CADETS IN CONSPIRACY
sonapartc Says They Keep Class
Records Level.

Midshipmen at Annapolis have been
conspiring to prevent high standard
of scholarship, according TO the state
ment of Secretary Bonaparte before
the house committee on naval affairs.
Brilliancy has been discouraged and a
sort Of trade union agreement to hold
all midshipmen on dead level, so far
as the class records are concerned.
has been in existence, so the secretary
of the navy told the committee.
The secretary entered objections to
amendments to his anti-hazing bill.
which would give the students right
to trial by court martial He says it
would be ruinous 10 discipline.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
ASPARAGUS yINAIGRETTE,

The asparagus may be served on
the same plate with the creamed
chicken. Mix shallots and parsley
finely minced and blend them with
French dressing, made with large
proportion of vinegar to the OIL Sea.
son with cayenne and dip over the as.
uaraguS
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21

The Kentucky State Senate CON
CURED in House bill appropriating
5000 for a tablet at Hodgenville,
Larue county, to the memory of Abra-
ham Lincoln Hodgenville is the
county scat OF The county in which
Lincoln Was born. The Governor will
approve the bill.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
FOUR BURNED TO DEATH
Business Portion Of Michigan Town
Wiped Out by Flames. \

The business portion of the village
of Tustin, Osceola county, Mich, was
destroyed by fire, which started III
the basement Of the Hotel Compton
from a defective furnace. Ten guests
escaped in their night clothes while
four were burned to death.
The dead are William II. Nc
Crane, the hotel proprietor; Mrs. Will
liam II. McCrane. Edward Demorest,
porter, and Charles Workman, trav-
cling man. of Pierson. The financial
loss was 500 900.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Parker Appeals to southerners.

Judge Alton q. Parker, OF Few
York, Democratic candidate for Presi-
dent in the last election, addressed
the manufacturers club of Charlotte,
N. G. He urged Southern Democrats
to take the lead in the party for the
next four years.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
ADMITS CHECK FORGING
c. S. White. Are sted at Lima, o.,
Says His Men Did a Big Business.

Says His Men Did Big Business.
G. $. White, The last of gang Of
forgers. who have worked extensive
ly in Chicago, Omaha and ST. Louis.
was arrested in Lima, and confessed
in Dayton, o.. later that he had led
the check-workers. He stated that
checks We're printed by himself ana
his men. identical with those used
nv the Illinois Steel COMPANY. They
were made out III sums Of $50 and S5l,
and on paydays at the plant the men
would dress as Hungarians, get in the
crowd. and present their checks for
nayment at banks or saloons near the
factory.
White said he had cleared up about
S65 900 before leaving Chicago.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21

George lP Brock, formerly CASH
Ter OF the poylestown (Pa.) National
Bank, which failed, has been placed
on trial charged with the embezzle-
ment and misapplication Of funds.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Calves.

It Is no more a sin to hear these
whispers Of evil in cur souls than to
hear the wicked talk Of bad men as
we walk along the street. The sin
comes only by our stopping and join
ing In with them-H. A. Smith.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Author Of School Histories Dead.

John Jacob Anderson, author OF
Andersons School Histories. died Of
old age at his home in Brooklyn. II,
was in his seth year.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1906-03-21
Dairy Products.
PnnlirN. Etc.
Fruits and Vegetables.

ApplcS DDl ..........s..s... 25l IN
Potatoes-Fancy white per bu.... n 10
Cabbage-per ton. :.......... 70 90 Is 20
Onions-per barrel. el............ e.. 10l D 0S
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07
BRIEF MENTION.

< + +++++ +t+ + :
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07
F. LOCAL AND OTHERWISE. !.
 9 F % +++++++ +++ ! 's

Y. W. Boyce devotes his tnae to rents
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07

Miss; Fife Payne has, recovered, from a several days illness.
 Furnished room for rent. Old Fourth avenues, with bath and al, n1odern conyeniences. Call on P. M. Brides, 326 Walnut.
 Walter Cook has accepted posi- ton with the Pine Bluff Mercantile company.
 For manicuring, shampooing, hair dressing, hair bleached or dyed or ar t1ficial hair, see Miss Minnie Kin ser, at the Grand Leader
 Everything is kept fresh and up to date at my new store, oarnen Ma4n and Seventeenth. Fresh groceries and meats of all kinds at the cheapest prices. Emmett Simmons.
 Mrs. H. A. MnCoy is onl the sick list.
 -Wanted-To purchase g. Shet- land pony. Edwin Wiueford, 11o2 Laurel street.
 -Wanted-A good mam to travel. Expenses advanced. Salary $20 a week. Staple lthe. J. H. McEMady and company, manufacturers, Chica- 50.
 Half price os1 ladies hats Friday end Saturday at Honnet's.
 Half price on ladies' hats Friday and Saturday at Honnet's.
 For sale-My home, corner Sixth avenue and State street. Apply Mrs. Cliff Dowel.
 -Wanted-You men for tele rlone work. no poles Go climb, expe- rence unnecessary. Apply South western Telephone and Telegraph company.
 -Wantet.,-Good dinners and tin ners' helers, also cornice helpers for outside wcak Apply to foreman new car shops Cotton Belt railway, Pine Bluff, Ara.
 Gall up SIS old phone for cakes ,nade to order. Fresh homemade bread and rolls every evening. Will be delivered when ordered in time. T. II. Skidmore, baker. Corner See ond and Cherry streets.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07

Y. W. BOyce deVOteS niS s1iaS '" oNS
 Walkers Liver Tablets for sale only at Bedell's Pharmacy.
 Ali annual vehicle tax and priv1- lege license expire May s1, 1906.
 Pay your vehicle tax and priVl- lege license on or before May 31.
 George Clements is much better today, after several days illness.
 J. D. Milner company buy and sell real estate for cask only.
 W. r. Young, who has been SIC for the past few days, has return tc his office and resumed his practice.
 MT. Ed Howell of Gould-GalbraitA is down town today after two do. illness.
 --If you want bargains in real estate call on ]. D. Miner company.
 If you want the cash for your property. call on J. D. Milner com pany.
 -Wantea-To buy a good. medium sized secondhand safe. Address 'W," care Graphic,
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07

Mrs. Eilbott and her son, Garland are spending the day in the capital city.
 Arthur Mills is in Little Rock to- day.
 Major Mccoy left for his plantation o Arkansas river Wednesday morn. ing.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07

has been aiaoed. ill ard the strees: re paired.
 The sidewalk along the south side of the avenue. which was left ffonl three tU five feet above the grade when ,f,e excavation was made fol. the paving. is being cut down to con form s;, the new grade. The cross streets are also being cut down s that vehicles may drive from Pine or Chestnut streets to Fourth avenue.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07

one of the contractors, said inc eX- cavation will be, completed on several h]ocks bv Saturday night and he eX- rects to have the north side paved 10 the union station hN the first of July.
 The double track crossing at the street ear tracks at Fourth and Main
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07
PROGRESS OF
 WORK ON FOURTH

Rapid progress is being made on the Fourth avenue paving this week \ laroe number of laborers began work Monday morning on the north side of the avenue and C. F. Philpot.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07

Wesley Harrington of Grapevine was in the city today trading.
 Mr. and Mr9. Frank McGenhe and Sheridan
 Miss Bessie Rhodes. niece # Mir. Will Carr of this city, passed through Pine Bluff eli route to North Caro lima to visit friends for the remainder of she summer. months. She ,Iormer ly lived in Pine Bluff, but now lives in Monticellcs,
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07

Lace Curtain Reduction
 We give 25 per cent discount or one.fourtt off the regular price of ali our lace and muslin curtainss al- SC on all lace ped sets.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07
Curtain Swiss

CERTAIN SWIaS-A EIae quality oF Curtain Swiss in a neat pattern of
 lers and insertion stripes; regular r5c- special prlee .........-.11c
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-06-07
Apron Gingham

APRON GlNGHAM--Nice sGYais checks in brown, blue, green, black
 and gray; suit table for chlldrens aprons. dresseM: etc. special. . 1af