davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
Queer breeding Experiments.

Queer breeding Experiments.
please tell me just what you hoped to
ascertain, DIR. Bell?" asked.
I'm the first place. 1 wanted a find
whether by selective breeding those now
dead embryonic pimple-like nipples could
be made alive and useful. wanted to
know whether they would grow and I'LL
with milk; and whether. If they did so. the
sheep growing them would yield greater
milk supply. In the second place I wanted
TO know whether, after 1 had produced
a sheep with four good live nipples instead
of two. that sheep would have twins oftener
than sheep not so developed"
"W hat did you nnd?"
'In the first place." said Dr. Bell, IT ex-
perienced little difiiculty in developing the
embryonic ripples. 1 was soon able to
raise sheep having four nipples, all Yield
ing milk. and. indeed. for several years
past nearly every eve born on my farm
has had four live functional nipples, in
stead OF two. In recent years have pro-
duced large number of which have six
such nipples. and think there is no doubt
but that would eventually produce a six
implied variety OF sheep. Indeed, l have
already produced a four-nippled variety.
OF the lambs dropped this year eight have
six nipples, and In addition we have now.
for the FIRST time, a lamb with eight nip
Piles. This is the only one OF that character
that / have produced and the only ono I
have ever heard OF"
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
DIR. Bells sheep.

These facts give some idea of the prac-
teal side Of DIR. Bells experiments. The
scientific side is even more interesting and
far-reaching in its possibilities, and it is
the one which appeals especially to him.
Rhe work is going on steadily upon his
country estate near Baddeck, Novia Scotia,
and now also at the farm of the Carnegie
institute on Long Island. where studies In
experimental evolution are being made,
DR.. Davenport, the head OF the Carnegie
farm, has been furnished with some of DIR.
Bells sheep. and a set OF carefully record
ed experiments will be made by him under
the auspices OF the Carnegie institution.
But will give you the story as DR.. Bell
told 1t to me just before he left for Nova
Scotia a few weeks ago.
II do not know that you are acquainted
with sheep" said he. MANY people are
not.> have had farmers scorf at the idea
that sheep have no upper front teeth and
have seen them surprised to find this the
case. Indeed / myself knew little about
sheep until 1889. when bought the farms
At Benin Bhreagh. which now compose my
summer home. in Nova Scotia, near Bad
deck. Upon one OF these farms / found a
dock OF hfty-one ewes. and the following
spring / observed that about one-half OF
the lambs produced were twins. Some Of
the owes had but one lamb. but many had
two, and 1 began to wonder II there was
not some characteristic which would enable
one TO distinguish the twin-bearing ewes.
10 find out made careful examination
OF the milk bags OF all mothers. Nov
the ordinary sheep bag has but two nip
Piles. and II Is from those that the lamb
draws all its milk. This was the case with
my sheep. / noticed. however. that upon
some Of the bags were embryonic nipples in
addition to those OF usual size. In some
cases these were barely perceptible, and
in none were they larger than good-sized
pimples. Upon looking farther found that
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

mum. and at present prices will add $780,
900 to its value t.
An even greater result can be obtained
IL we could have more and better lambs,
for they form one of the chief receipts
from our sheep industry. They numbered
100000 at the last census and. were the
offspring of 100000 ewes, averaging about
two lambs for every three ewes. Had each
OF the ewes had twins our lamb crop would
have equaled e4.OooOoo instead of 1900. 600,
and would have sold for three times as
much
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

record of every sheep as to the matters
under investigation, and it covers our
work from 1890 until 1904. In addition,
I have the records for 1905 and 1906"
MY search for sheep of this character"
continued DR.. Bell. was not confined 10
my own flock was anxious for speci-
mems from other flocks, and 1 gave the
butchers of Baddeck a standing offer Of
$40 for any six-nippled eve they might
bring In. This offer has been open for
several years, but It has resulted in my
securing Org one such sheep out OF tho
many thousands they have handled for
killing, and that sheep was poorly marked.
A year or so ago imported some horned
Dorset ewes from Uxbridge, Ontario The
Dorsets are very prolific and each of
them gave me twins last year. This year
one has given birth to twins and another
to triolets, so that 1 have had nine lambs
within two years from those two ewes.
The Dorset sheep frequently have lambs
twice in one year. 1t is that variety that
! expect to use in my attempts to pro-
duce breed OF twin-bearing sheep"
do you consider the additions you have
made TO the milk bag valuable one?"
I'VE find that it is So" replied DIR. Bell
ewes having such bags can raise twins
quite as well as the ordinary sheep can
raise a single lamb. Indeed, they are far
more successful with their twins than the
ordinary sheep"
Tell me something of the experiments
which the Carnegie institution is making
with your Sheep"
1T is too soon to know what win be the
result of that work." replied Dr. Bell.
''Dr, Davenport, the head OF the Carnegie
institution experimental farm, has now
one six-nippled ram and two five-nippled
ewes, which / sent him about a year ago.
One of his ewes is black and the other
is white recently heard from him to
the effect that the white eve has produced
twins. one OF which has six nipples and
the other four nipples"
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
Question of Twins.

How about the twins. doetor?' asked.
las 10 that part OF my investigations
have not been so successful. The proper
ton OF twins born has been small, and the
sheep with the four or six nipples have not
proved more fertile than those OF the ordi-
nary kind. believe. however, that by
using twins only for breeding purposes
It may be possible to raise a twin-bear-
ing stock. and that is what hope to do
now. / feel that. have accomplished
what l set out 90 perform as 10 my FIRST
proposition. and that by using my multi
implied varieties, and breeding only from
twins. / viii eventually have a breed OF
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
DANGEROUS FLIGHT.

During the past season DR.. Bell had
body do not like to call It kite, for
the word kite gives wrong impression
of the importance OF the discovery-ls
had body of this kind which was about
ten feet high and twenty feet long 1t
was composed of 1900 OF these tetrahe-
dral cells, arranged more closely together
than ever in the past, and yet II few
successfully. While IL was high up in
the air fastened by a rope TO a stake in
the ground, Dr. Bell instructed one of his
men to take hold of the rope and run
short distance and then jump into the
air so that his photographers might take
a snap shot Of man apparently flying
To his horror the kite carried the man
about forty feet from the ground, and
the picture showed a flying machine with
a man attached to it's tail. For a time
the doctor was greatly alarmed. and his
alarm kept up until the man reached the
earth again.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

now knows that he can make body
which can be sustained in the air. and he
Will now experiment on the motive or
propelling power, which will send such
body along it's way through the air
and guide 1t hither and thither at the
will of it's engineer.
In former letter described this unit.
when writing of DR.. Bells aerial vehicle.
The unit is of the shape of a tetrahedron,
and when l last talked with him such
units were put together around large
open spaces. DR.. Bell now finds that they
can be massed close together, and that
they will fly equally well. In other
words, he can make almost any kind OF
structure he Dleases of such units, and IL
will be easily supported by the atmos-
phere.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26


the telephone, annihilated distance in our
social and business intercourse and brought
the mouths and ears OF the human race
together Every deaf person reveres Dr.
Bell as the promoter Of his fathers inven-
ton of visible speech, whereby the So
called dumb talk and understand their fell
lows, and the scientific world knows him
from his many experiences along original
lines and just now especially for his new
discoveries as 70 aerial navigation.
There is, however. a field In which DR..
Bell has been working OF which the world
knows nothing 1t is strange field for
him. but. like the others IN which he has
been successful. one where practical re-
suits are being reached by the patient ap-
plication OF scientific principles, 1t is in ex-
perImental evolution. and that more espe-
ciaily as related 20 stock breeding. DIR.
Bell has been working in this field for
about sixteen years and his work has al
ready resulted In the origination OF a new
breed OF sheep 1t has also brought forth
the discovery OF principles. which. If car
ried out to their full. may In time make
great changes In our sheep industry and in
the physical makeup OF that race OF ami
mails throughout the world.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

DR.. Bel's discoveries are. not like any
thing attempted In the past. That sheep
can be improved by seiective breeding is
well appreciated in all the great grazing
countries Take. for instance. Australia
havo seen rams sold there at auction at
5000 apiece for their wool-growing quail
tiles. and have been told that the aver
age fleece OF seven pounds had been in
creased to ten pounds on fiocks OF thou
sands In New Zealand. the chief mutton
couAssy Of tho world. the weight OF the
lambs has been greatly bettered by proper
breeding, and here in the United States.
where We have something like eo.0oo. 900
sheep, our best stockmen are in the same
way adding to their pronts on wool and
mutton. Indeed the breeding OF fine
sheep is now considered quite as important
as the breeding OF fine cattle. Wool Is
selling for over 30 cents . pound. and we
are shearing from forty to nifty million
sheep every year. II we can add pound
20 every fleece the increase In our wool
clip win Be forty million pounds per an
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

In my talk with Or. Bell he spoke OF
possible propellers for flying machines,
saying:
''That is the question shall now at
tempt 20 solve. We have discovered the
unit out Of which the body OF our aerial
vehicle is TO be made We know that II
will fy and what We need now is sOmo-
thing to move IL onward and turn IL this
way or that when IL has once risen from
the ground. You may remember that
many of my experiments have been upon
the water and that / have constructed
aerial vehicles which would float and
which. when towed along by boats, at .
certain speed. would rise into the air ana
Continued on Page seven.l
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

grounds. Besides being one of the most
appreciable improvements on the grounds
in the matter of furnishing a cool and
clean place where a wholesome meal can be
obtained, this new building is a most
important Improvement in the appearance
of the grounds. The building is 100 feet
deep by 129 feet frontage on the avenue.
.
Brick and Steel Cattle Barns.
The other permanent building is a brick
and steel cattle barn just south of the
stock pavilion and east of the north and
south avenue This cattle barn is the
second to be erected on the grounds The
other is frame structure, but is permanent
and not a mere shed. The two cattle
barns are built from the same plans, ex-
cept that one is frame and the other
brick. But these permanent buildings now
on the grounds only the start towards
carrying out a well planned scheme Of
buildings and permanent improvements
When the fair was first located on the
present grounds 1t seemed to be the idea
of the directors that in order to make
an impressive appearance there should be
separate Offices for every official and as
a result small shanties that did not cost
to exceed $50 apiece were built here and
there and everywhere about the grounds.
These sheds still stand, but they are in the
plans to be removed and inside Of the next
year or two there will be a permanent
the stock pavilion across the street. Be
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

sheep which will almost always produce
twins"
Were these sheep all born on your
farm?"
'The most of them were." replied Or.
Bell. my Investigations. however. have
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

the ewes bearing the embryonic nipples had
far more twins than those not so marked.
OF the ordinary ewes only "a per cent were
twin bearing, while of those which had
these marks of an undeveloped milk sup
ply 43 per cent had twins This seemed to
indicate that the marks meant something
and l then began to experiment to find
out how much"
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
New Thing. In Aerial Navigation.

The conversation here turned TO DIR.
Bells most recent experiments in solving
the problems OF aerial navigation. lie
has large laboratory on his farm in
Nova Scotia and this work goes on stead
lily throughout the summer. He has male
great advances since talked with him
about two years ago. He has discovered
the unit OF which the dying machine Of
the future is to be built. and something Of
the shape in which IL should be put to-
gether. He has. IN short, ascertained the
character OF his building material He
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
Telephone Bell Has New Breed of Sheep and New Flying Machine

not been confined to my own sheep.
have catalogue which I published IN
1904 containing the records of about 500
sheep of which 655 were born on Benin
Bhreagh. the others having been pur-
chased by me. The catalogue gives q
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
Schedule of Attractions.

Last year. as we'll as this year. the state
fair management has made the effort to
make every day as good as every other,
day The effort is being made to educate
the public to this idea and to educate It
out of the idea of the zone big day" fea-
ture. There are plenty OF attractions every
year at the fair to bring the crowd of
curiosity seekers, and this year there Is
an especially strong list of such attrac-
tions. and every attraction will be at the
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

horses. Fortunately the new cattle barn
makes more space for cattle than the in
crease In that line of exhibits will fill for
this year, and part of the horses will be
taken care of in that way. The others
will be shown In tents. There will be fifty
carloads of fine horses shown this year, at
the fair and all of them will be in place
by Sunday. There will be sixty loads of
cattle of the finest breeding cattle there
are to be found anywhere. There will be
100 cars of hogs. Some of the swine breed
ers are this year to be disappointed. There
were more exhibitors wanted space than
there was space to be given, and as a re-
suit some cannot bring their hogs. There
will be thirty carloads of sheep and sew
eral cars of chickens and 125 carloads of
farm machinery. The cattle exhibits will
number about the same number of head
as there was last year, which was a record
breaking year. but in everything else there
has been an increase.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

- Els MONIES, Ia, Aug. 23.-(Special
h Correspondence of The Bee.)-
Iowa's State fair has well entered
kENx3A upon a new era-an era of per-
SGS manent brick and steel buildings
replacing board sheds. The term well en-
tered" is used because, though there are
some elegant and excellent brick and steel
buildings on the grounds now, there are
still some of the board sheds.
Some years ago the legislature created
the Department of Agriculture and the old
Iowa Agricultural society ceased to exist.
When 1t did that the State fair became a
matter of interest to every citizen of the
state. and wise management of its affairs
since has made 1t one of the great educa-
tional features of the state, ranking along
with the State Agricultural college and edu-
eating a class of citizens who could not
possibly be reached by any educational in
stitution other than the State fair. When
the Department of Agriculture was created
the legislature provided that permanent
ground should be purchased. At first
there was little money to build buildings
with, and, besides, there seems to have
been the idea that as the buildings were to
be used only for one week of the Gfty-two
in the year. the board sheds were plenty
good enough.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
Step in Right Direction.

When the old leased grounds in the west
part of this city were abandoned for the
permanent grounds owned by the state In
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
State Fair Considered Permanent Educational Enterprise


stands there will be, before long. a steel
shed for the exhibition of farm machinery.
This shed win be a couple of hundred feet
wide and It will stretch west from the
Agricultural hall. the length to be governed
only by the amount of exhibits In farm
machinery. The legislature at the last
session was asked to make an appropria-
ton for the permanent steel amphitheater.
1t didn't do 1t, but there is every hope and
expectation that It will make the appro-
priation at the next session. The present
exposition building, frame structure. Is to
be weatherboarded on the outside and sealed
on the inside so as to make 1t in every
way modern building. This will leave
nothing but the horse barns and the swine
pavilion TO be taken care OF and the
scheme will have been completed. The
streets are being graded and paved and the
cement sidewalks laid a little each year,
the work being nearly completed.
List of Permanent Buildings.
Here is what the state fair has in per-
manent buildings:
Stock pavilion.
Agricultural hall,
Two cattle barns
Dining hall
Permanent waikiki
Woman's building.
Here Is what 1t is planned to get inside
the next two or three years to complete
the plan OF the buildings and grounds:
Steel amphitheater.
Brick administration building.
Swine pavilion.
Replacing rest of cattle barns.
Replacing all horse barns.
Steel machinery hall.
In addition to these permanent buIulngs
20 be erected by the state there are sew
eral farm machinery manufacturers that
have already decided to erect permanent
buildings for themselves and are only
awaiting some arrangements of the
grounds in order to secure a proper loca-
tlon. The International Harvester COM
pany, the Avery Threshing Machine COM
pany John Deere & Co. and the Moline
Wagon company will each next year erect
buildings on the grounds of brick and steel
that will cost in the neighborhood of 5000
each.
A. an Educational Institution.
It has been the great aim of Secretary
John C. Simpson of the Department Of
Agriculture to make the state fair an edu-
cationaI institution and it is now his great
pride that this has been accomplished.
little comparison will readily show the
vast amount of good accomplished by the
state fair in that line. The fair Is open
but one week of the ffty-two in the year
and 1t reaches a class of people who
are able to give one week or a part of
one week in the pursuit of knowledge. but
are not able to give more. They cannot
attend the State College of Agriculture,
and the knowledge they gain must be
from their neighbors their reading and
their attendance at the state fair In
states where the state fair is located in
a large city the fair must be devoted
largely to attractions that will bring out
the city people. Iowa fortunately can
not depend a big attendance from Des
Molnes and so the attractions are all de-
vised to bring the farmer, and the stock
and implement exhibits are the leading
and most important exhibits. Without
dispute there is annually exhibited at the
Iowa state fair a larger number Of breed
ing cattle than is shown at any other
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26

fair in America.
During the one week Of the Iowa state
fair there is an attendance of about $780,
900 persons. The State Agricultural col
lege has school year Of thirty-six weeks.
The 10000 persons attending the state fair
all in one week makes an average daily
attendance of 5000 persons. which is the
equivalent to an attendance OF 1000 per-
sons for thirty-six weeks. The attendance
at the State Agricultural college is only
slightly in access of this. At the state
college the farmer boy learns the science
of agriculture and nearly always does not
go back to the farm, but finds better en-
ployment teaching at some college or edit
ing some agricultural paper or in some
scientific profession. The farmer himself
attends the state fair. He watches the
judges as they award the prizes to the
stock and gets a practical lesson on stock
judging. He gains the same information
of corn judging and gets a mine OF in
formation from the farm implement ex-
hibits, which he carries back to his farm
with him and puts to practical use.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
This Years stock.

All entries have now been closed for
some days for the state fair OF this year
and the number Of horses. cattle, hogs,
sheep and chickens and the exhibits of
farm machinery will be the largest the
fair has ever known. There are about
twice as many horses entered for the fair
this year as there is barn room for the
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1906-08-26
Copyright. 1906 by Frank G. Carpenter

ID. c.. Aug. 3D.
Especial Correspondence of The
Bee. )-Every man, woman and
child has heard of DIR. Alexander
Graham Bell, who, by inventing
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