The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1906-08-14

trei9n~ OF the Ia~t Have IndeaN
urcd 10 Suppress the Woman Ply
~ician-StIugGies OF Pioneers In
lnIcrica-ONcr 5000 Women Doc
tors Now in This Country-QueeIl
of Portugal an VI. D.-Wonlan'@
Difficulty III Entering Foreign Med
zeal 9chooi--fier Final Triumph.
~lCupyri2ht, 1906, by JOS. =. Bo"lez.)
tDr. Sophia \. Nordhof-Jung was
born IN Germany. Desiring to study
m~dicire, she came TO the United
states and took a thorough course In
rue science in Washington, becoming
. postgraduate stItcHt III johns Hop
EIn@ nos pitaI in Baltimore. Later she
tu4Ied III the P&steur institute in
FGris and WAS an assistant i'll the
Ba~ndeIocque hospital. From there she
vent to Munich and became resident
assistant physician at the Royal Uni
yersity hospital for Women. return
Ing 10 Washington ct the end Of her
:tudies. she soon took high rank
uqaong the physicians OF that city.)
The question Whethe" 4 woman
should be a physician finds its af-
H~rInatiVe au$Wer III the history OF
mankind. From time immemorial the
care OF the sick has been in the hands
Of women. Today the only civilized
nation which still opposes the study
Of medicine by Women-Germany-
could learn a valuable lesson by look
ing back into its earlier history.
In the dense forests Of ancient Ger
mania we see the priestess, the wise
woman who not anly performed her
sacerdotal duties but acquired a val
liable knowledge Of medicinal herbs,
with which she healed the sick and
the wounded. With many Of the an
cient tribes the art Of healing was en-
ttroIv in the hands of women, who
alone understood the preparation of
4alves and medicaments, and who
transmitted this precious art from
generation to generation.
Behind the rOWs of the fighting
warriors of the Huns and Cloths fol-
lowed the women to care for the
wounded. PrieSteSS, physician, nurse
was the same woman. IN ~Scandina-
Wan literature mention is made in the
IIdda and Sagas of the great merits
ana achievements of women physi-
clans. According to the Sturlang
Saga, I~ngegard, daughter Of Ingvar,
established the first hospital for
WOmen
Not only in the land of the mid
night sun, but likewise in the extreme
south of Europe, do we find the medi-
cal woman mentioned in olden times.
We hear of women physician and
surgeons in the ninth and tenth cen
turtles in the then Arabian Spain.
Kremer, in his neutrality-suspicious.
dcs Orients," tells US OF women study
ing medicine at the University of Cor
doVa during the Arabian reign. In
the twelfth century women distin-
suished themselves at the University
Of Salerno, not only as students but
as professors. DR.. Anna Manzolin
held the chair of anatomy at tha
most famous of Italian universities
D,J,.,o \nafn,,innI wa models
made by her own hands are even to-
day on exhibition in the museum of
that university. -Four other women
are mentioned as professors of medi-
cine at various times of the middle
ages. The art of midwifery in all ages
and virtually till the eighteenth cen
fury was exclusively in the hands Of
women. According to The French his
tOrian, Geraud there were in Pains IL
1892 eight women doctors. The names
and addresses of these practitioners
are carefully recorded and read as
fOlloWS:
Dame Isabien, a la place st. OPP
perfume.
'.Havys, a la vile st. Sorentez.
"Iticllent, au cimetiere st. Jehan.'
She must have been a brave woman
to hang out her shingle in a GENE
tery.)
Isabel. rue FrepillOn.
Dame HcloyS, rue de Caroline.
'PhilIippe. rue G~ervaise Caroline.
Dame Marie, rue de Iaurcine.
"Sarre, q L A~ttacherie.'
In the eleventh century the char
t~ulaire" of the University of ParI
abounds in documents relating to tn
fight against women doctors. Th'
clergy took an active part against tn
fair sex and in 1872 the prior of st
Genevieve eXcommunicated Claflss'
de Rotomago because, in spite of re
peated warnings, she would persist II
praCtiCing medicine.
In the statutes of the University o
Paris of the year 1910 we read: TOT
chmurgien on chirurgienne, apothi
caire on a~pothicaresSe ne passefon
pas les bOrnes de leur METER I'M
shows us that women not only Wef
physicians but surgeons and apothe
carries as Well.
Toward the close of the fifteent
century the cause of women in Franc
must have weakened, for we read l
the archives that in 1884 Charles VII
Withdrew from women the right [
practice medicine.
Exactly 400 years later the empero
of Russia did likewise.
Charles VIII. may have made tn
fate of the struggling woman a harde
one, but how little he succeeded l
Suppressing her cause is shown o
subsequent history. On MdIcH
1771, dlle BiherOn, doctor OF med
cine. gave an anatomical demonstra
ton before the academy of science
at which the prince royal of SWedel
Gustave III, was present, and we rea
that he was greatly impressed.
In looking over some German docl
ments we find that our colleagues al
well represented and frequently re
fcrred to under the title 'medlca.
Such q medica was Maria Grede1
who practiced in Mayence in 1873 an
did such excellent work that u
archives mention her "cum laude.
Frankfurt, the classical town
women, can boast of having betWee
the years 1899 and 1897, 10 Womt
doctors, three of whom were ocullsts
Frederick the Great granted pc