davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-09-23

of this district stands the Anticipated city
Of Pinar del Rio. 1t has a population OF
about 10000, mainly engaged in the to-
bacco business. The Western Railway of
Havana connects the town with the capital
and other centers. Bahia Honda, one of
the naval stations ceded to - United
States, is in this province. The province
of Pinar del Rio was devastated during
the late revolution, but 1t Is enjoying its
share Of the reconstruction and general
improvement that is rapidly changing the
face of the island.
The Province of Havana, though the
smallest. is the most important In Cuba
By reason of containing the seat of gov
eminent and the social capital. 1t pro-
duces sugar. alcohol. tobacco and vege-
tableS in large quantity.
The strategic position Of Havana at the
mouth of the Gulf of Mexico has earned
for it the title Of the Key of the Cult
In the possession of the United States 1t
would become the Custodian of the
Canal" Havana is strongly fortified. On
one side of the entrance to the harbor the
Moro and La Cabana frown upon the
approaching vessel; on the other La
Punta, supported by a number of SUBJ
sidiary batteries, presents sinister front
seaward. The deep pouch-like harbor Is
capable of sheltering a thousand ships.
Being the principle port OF the island,
Havana is the entrepot for large traffic,
interior as well as exterior, which is
maintained by steam and electric roads
and several tine lines of steamships, and
Facilitated by cable communication and
internal telegraph
The capital of Cuba Is one Of the most
beautiful cities In the world, and, thanks
to the labors Of American sanitarians.
amongst the most healthful- 1t has
splendid water and will soon be excellent
~ severed and paved These features
are sufficient to account for the fact that
the city is yearly becoming more popular
with Americans as winter resort In
this respect it is far superior to Florida
..h.ch has over IL the single advantage de-
rived from its palatial hotels
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-09-23

Is using every means to induce immigra-
ton from Italy and other parts of South
ern Europe Unfortunately-like Porto
Rieo-Cuba has large proportion of it's
populatfon-which Is approaching 2,OOO,-
Ooo-from which 1t derives no benefit
whatever-colored and haIf-white people,
who just subsist and neither earn ror
spend money.
We will briefly review the six provinces
of the island In succession and return to
the industrial development in the next
article. The physical features of the is
land are irregular and diversified. In
general 1t may be said that the central
portion is occupied by broad, undulating
plains without any great variation in ele-
vation- Well-defned mountain ranges are
found only at the two extremes. In the
ovince of Santiago. or more correctly,
oriente, the surface Of the ground is
much broken and many peaks exceed 5000
feet In altitude. Here is region in
which armed rebellion may defy author
ity indefinitely.
All over the island vegetation grows In
profusion and In its most beautiful forms,
which prompted Humboldt to remark:
We might almost believe that the entire
Island was originally forest OF palms,
Wild lines and oranges" 1t Is estimated
that 5000, 900 acres of forest remain un-
cleared There are no distinctly marked
belts of production. Sugar grows richly
almost everywhere, and most of the PROV
fnces contain good tobacco land, whilst
the pineapple, sweet potato. Indian corn
and other fruits and vegetables may be
raised on any unoccupied land.
The climate is favorable to the cultiva-
ton of the widest variety Of crops Frost
Is unknown The mean annual temporal
ture OF Havana. which Is representative,
Is II Fahrenheit The range between the
mean OF the hottest and the coolest
months Is only 11'-from So to II.
Pinar del Rio, the western province, Is
the tobacco section par excellence. The
southern portion of 1t contains the world
famed Vuelta Abajo vegas, which pro-
duces leaf without an equal In the heart
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-09-23
NATURES TUNNEL AND TUBE MAKERS

When, a few years ago, London's "tup-
penny tube" was opened to the public,
we were not a little impressed by the
engineering skill which had bored long
tunnels far below the surface Of the
ground, lined them with steel tubing to
resist the earth pressure and made It
possible for all sorts and conditions Of
men to pass through them In safety to
and from their various occupations. On
doubtedly it was a great achievement.
But In this, as IN many other feats OF
SKILL man was forestalled by the lower
animals. The necessity of obtaining pro-
lection from their enemies or finding
sufficiency of suitable foods has turned
many creatures into expert tunnel and
tube makers.
We Will take our first example. the
shellflsh well known to lcngshoremen
by the name of piddock. It's scientific
name is "pholas." but its two-valved
shell has been given the pretty popular
name of angels WINGS" the reason be-
ing perfectly obvious after a glance.
Now the moIlusk which resides In this
gaping shell Is very much like an oyster,
or clam. so far as its bodily aspect Is
concerned. II seems to be very fabby
and very lacking In what we term brain
power Yet this tenant Of the ANGELS
wings Is capable of burrowing into hard
rock, sinking downwards gradually as It's
shell grows, just as though II were mere
many kinds of sheIlfsh burrow into sand
and this habit renders them safe from
many enemies
Certain fishes plow up the sand and
crack and eat all the mollusks they can
discover. And II is probable that the per-
secution of these fishes, or rather OF their
ancestors. brought about the rock tunnel
ing habits Of the piddock. Sand burrows
were unsafe. SO the piddocks began to
burrow into rocks and stones. Com
mencing in youth, they. pass the whole OF
teir lives In working their way Into
these hard-grained substances and are
thus able to set their would-be enemies at
defiance As II works its way into the
rock the piddock becomes q lifelong
prisoner In its own tunnel. As 1t In
creases In size and works IL way deeper
the hole gradually becomes larger. But
as the lower part of the piddock's shell
IS much greater In circumference than the
ing, the entrance OF its tunnel Is soon too
small to admit of It's egress-
This, however, does not matter to the
piddock. whose sole concern is TO hide.
It takes all Its food In solution. In other
words, It sucks In sea water through one
tube, and discharges II through another,
relying for It's sustenance upon the min
ute scraps Of foodstun that chance TO be
IN the water AROUND It. Thus the piddock
Is quite happy and content In Its self
made dungeon. Another marine tunneler
nearly related to the piddock Is the teredo
or "shipvorm." This creature works its
way into wood not rotten wood. but good.
solid oak or teak. In past years II was
menace to the shipping OF the whole
world, but the advent OF the steel ship
put limit to its depreda tons In this re-
spect- Still. however, IL menaces sub
merged timber of all kinds II unprotected.
and in Holland II il rezarded almost AZ .
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-09-23

national danger. Like the piddOck, the
shipworm makes its tunnels wholly for
wood chips which 1t rasps away.
No one. not even men OF science, can
tell exactly how the piddock and the ship
worm accomplish their wonderful boring
feats. Some have thought that the work
was done by means OF constant rasping
produced by the movement Of the shell:
others that the feshy muscular foot" OF
the animal represented the chief tool.
while still! others have held that the con-
slant action OF the water pumped, a. &c
were. through the body OF the mollusk
against the sides OF Cts crypt effected the
gradual enlargement necessary a. the
creature Increased in size. As a matter
of fact, 1t Is highly probable that a COM
bination OF all these means render the
shipworm and the piddock the expert tun-
nelers which we see them to be.
One point about the shipworm's tunnels
Is of especial interest They are lined
with a layer OF hard, shelly material In
exactly the same way the human enGi-
neers line their borings with stone or
brickwork or with a tube OF steel. This
shelly lining prevents the wood from
swelling and bulging inward and insures
the free passage Of water along the tun-
mel. This Is very necessary, Al we have
seen the shipworm relies upon a constant
supply of sea water In order to feed. Al
its tunnels are often OF great length. IL
must make sure that no stoppage Shall
occur, or else run the risk OF being
starved to death.
A much thicker shelly lining ID con.
structed by a cousin Of the shipworm,
known as the cyphus. It makes long tun-
nels IN the sand OF the sea bottom. Thus,
IL it did not construct q reliable casing
with its burrow, Il would very soon be
cut OF by q fall" Of sand behind II and
perish, like miner imprisoned by q sud-
den subsistence of rock or coal. In fact,
the shipworm and cyphus 'shore up" the
sides Of their tunnel In exactly the man.
ner which modern engineers agree to be
the best, namely. by constructing q tube
These shelly tubes are sometimes dug out
of the sand by the South Sea Islanders
In sections varying from four to six feet
long. and are valued highly by the dnd-
ers as charms. They are placed above
the doorposts OF the huts just as we
sometimes nall up q horseshoe. Vertical
shafts are sunk by certain molIusks
termed aspergilium. and these. too. are
lined with shelly material. The tops are
rooted over IN a very pretty way. the edge
being frilled and the covering studded
with holes Ike the rose Of q watering
pot In this way undesirable intruders
are kept out, while free passage for wa
ter Is preserved.
One other example Of natures tunnel
makers are the ''iong horn" beetles Rep
resentatives Of these insects are found in
all parts of the world. They are of all
sizes. from great fellows several inches
long to little chaps less In size than flies.
parts of the civilized globe. At the same
time it Is a fact that In tropical forests
these beetles do good service IL preserv-
tuFe.: they are scasengers They clear
away the vast amount Of fallen timber
which accumuiates each year.
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-09-23
DODGES OF SLIPPERY CRIMINALS.

dodge Is usually tried by the prisoner who
appears submissive and willing to $50
quietly"
But II the policeman Is thrown OF his
guard the captive knows he Is safe With
rapid movement to the side he springs
on the officer, partly from behind. and
throws his right arm around the con-
stables neck that the inner side of the
elbow presses the windpipe. Then
with a sharp pressure he tightens the
arm. grasps his left hand round his right
wrist and Jerks as hard as he can. II he
is any way expert and has time to get
his arm firmly set in the right position. IL
Is all over with policeman.
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-09-23

The tricks resorted to by criminals In
attempting to escape from the hands of
the police are many. When a fugitive has
4 few yards start and finds that the pur-
suer is gaining be lets the constable come
almost within striking distance. When
about six feet apart the thief sud-
ienly throws himself on all fours at the
sery feet of the policeman The latter
cannot pull up and the fall is pretty GER
tain to stun him, rs he is bound TO come
down heavily across the back of his in
tended captive. The strangers grip is
another trick which some men practice.
though not very often with success. as the
police know 1t and watch for II. The
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1906-05-28
The snhnna Revnnlnd-

The scheme 10 secure a special session
Of the Legislature for the election Of
United States Senator has revealed itself
TO an extent that admits Of easy under
standing.
Originally it was the scheme Of Ad-
dicks, to have the special session called
with the presumption that Col Henry
A. du Pont would be elected with a rush
but with a very different result at the
preliminary caucus For the Addicks
scheme did not include any previous
pledge that a certain man should be
elected Senator, but that the session
should be called and the senatorship de-
termined by caucus at which sll the
participants should be pledged to support
the successful nominee.
Which, of course, meant that Addicks
should be nominated, or, failing in this,
should secure assurances Of his election
az Allees successor in return for his in
huence in getting some one else installed
in the vacancy.
Then Senator Alice came rushing into
the game intent on making any kind Of
bargain that might give assurance of
bis reelection next winter.
Naturally, the scheme, which seemed
so fair at first, soon resolved itself into
chaos, and there is no more prospect of
an election Of Senator now than there
was when the Legislature Of 1905 ad-
iourned.
All talk about a special session result
ing in the election of a Senator is the
vcriest nonsense.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1906-05-28
That.a the Wav ItLooks.

As TO the publication Of those letters
between Senator Alice and Horace Greeley
Knowles, in the opinion Of the Sunday
Star il "begins 10 look very much as
though one was afraid and the other
dascn't"
Exactly; It could not very well be any
other way.
For instance, look at this situation: A
United States senator desires reelection.
A newspaper editor desires a good office.
Tho Senator looks to the aid of the
editors piper in his campaign for re-
election, and the editor depends ahso-
lutely upon the Senator's aid for his de-
sired foreign appointment Their interests
are mutual, and the old bargain Of "you
help me and I'll help YOU is the logical
sequence.
Naturally, there is correspondence, in
which there are promises on each side
Then comes a disagreement, and the cor
respondcnce is marked 10y threats ON
each side Under these circumstances
there is a reasonable probability that
the correspondence, while It would make
interesting reading If mado public. would
also be compromising, more or less. to
each writer
Therefore, neither ono viii permit il
to be made public If he can prevent. no
matter how much they may threaten
each other TO do SO.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1906-05-28
Burton and smnnt.

Thousands Of people throughout the
country are clamoring for the expulsion
of Senator Reed Smoot of Utah from his
seat in the United States Senate. And
the Senate will give heed to this clamor
by taking a vote on the proposition, with
as much probability that il will be ap-
proved as that il will be repudiated.
And yet Senator Smoot has COM
mitted no crime in law. The sole OBJ
lection to him is on the ground Of his
religion. He is a Mormon, and the fol-
lowers of other religious doctrines hold
that his religious beliefs are worse than
a crime-so much so that the Senate
should expel him for entertaining them
And the Senate will give serious con-
sideration to this contention.
But there is no clamor from religious
circles, or any other circles, for that
matter, for the expulsion of senator Bur
ton OF Kansas Senator Burton has
been twice convicted OF misdemeanor
in violating a law Of the United States,
and is under a sentence OF six months
imprisonment. His second conviction,
with its accompanying sentence, has
been confirmed by the Supreme Court Of
the United States. But Senator Bur
ton retains his seat in the United States
Senate and draws his pay as a Senator
from Kansas. He has the grace not to
occupy his seat as his colleagues would
protest against this as an insult to the
dignity of the Senate. but he remains a
Senator, notwithstanding he is a culput
sentenced TO a term in jail.
IL is curious condition Of public
morals which demands the expulsion OF
an honest man from the Senate because
Of his religion, and condonos the con-
tinuanco of a Senator whom the law has
convicted of a grave offence, and who
stands sentenced TO a term in prison.
Should the Senate expel Smoot and
ignore Burton, as is not improbable. il
viii thereby establish a monumental
reputation for inconsistency and vii,
prejudice.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1906-05-28
Pnnlos and rariffs.

Representative Lands of Indiana, one
of the most consistent of the tariff stand
pattors' in Congress, in the course Of a
speech in support OF the Dinglcy Tariff
law, made fearful reference to the panic
OF 1898 as an unanswcrablc argument in
favor OF no tariff changes whatever "Ah,
my rash young friends listen to me as l
tell of the horrors which followed IN my
younger days an attempt TO revise the
tariff, he walled And then he proceeded
to charge that panic and its evil conse-
quences to tho Wilson Tariff law.
Now the panic of 1898 was a decidedly
unpleasant experience, but the Wilson
tariff had nothing to 90 with it, The
Wilson bill was not even introduced in
Congress until the panic had run for more
than year. and by the time the Wilson
law became operative the panic was a
thing OF the past, and the good results Of
the new and lower tariff rates were be-
ginning to be manifest. To the evil
effects OF silver initiation legislation by
previous Republican Congresses was the
panic of 1893 entirely due.
But the tariff "standpatters, notwith-
standing the facts are against them, 10
this day insist upon laying the blame
for the panic of 1898 upon the Wilson
tariff. The fact that a Democratic Presi-
dent and a Democratic Congress had been
chosen at the election Of 1892 was sufii-
cient for their purposes. Here was their
claim of cause and effect: A Democratic
victory one month and a panic the next.
And as the Wilson law was enacted by a
Democratic Congress, they charged the
panic TO the workings Of that law although,
as we have said, it did not become opera-
tive until after the panic had completely
subsidized.
As to tariffs and panics, there was
panic in this country, twenty years prior
TO the panic of 1898, in comparison with
which tho latter does not figure as a patch
on the seat of the trousers. The panic of
1879 was the most disastrous the country
ever experienced. and it stretched its
wearisome reign over six full years. The
stagnation of business was appalling and
thousands of men roamed the country
over in a vain search for work. Here in
Wilmington good mechanics fairly fought
on the City Hall pavement for the privi-
lege of being enrolled as laborers at the
Cool Spring Reservoir, which, very fortu-
nately, was in process of construction at
that time The incident of the Harlan
& Hollingsworth Co. securing the con-
tract for the construction of a large
steamship was regarded as a godsend, as
il enabled few hundred men to secure
work at these yards, which at that time
we're almost deserted.
And this terrible panic occurred under
Republican administration and pro-
teetive tariff.
So much for panics being necessary at
tendants upon attempts to reduce the
burden of tariff taxation.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1906-05-28

ent that it docs not need 10 be pointed
out but ina'lontly intrudcs itself before
the public eye. and year after year the
city elections were run in the same old
partisan grooves the taxpayers voting
their political sentiments instead OF exer-
cising their deliberate judgment in the
selection of men who would look after
their interests in an intelligent and bUsi-
nossliSe manner.
This being the situation the members
Of the finance committee and OF the
entire City Council viii be justified in
paying no heed to the scolding that is sure
to be their portion if they increase the tax
rate. and applying TO the situation the
only remedy that viii fit. Not only is it
desirable that they should do this. but it is
their plain duty under the law. Too
long has the mandate OF the city charter:
"Thou shalt not borrow money for cur
rent expenses" been tampled under
foot. The time is ripe for a thorough
compliance with il, and that can only be
given by laying a tax rate that will pro-
duce revenue sufficient TO wipe out the
existing floating indebtedness every dol
lar Of which was created in absolute def
ance Of law and meet the last item of
current expenses throughout the fiscal
year 1907. This cannot be done by
depending upon unsafe and impractical
estimates in the shape Of unpaid taxes
and other insecure items Of estimated
revenue. Il may only be done by strik-
ing a balance between the appropriations
and the sure items Of expected revenue
outside Of taxation, and, after deducting
a reasonable amount for errors and com
missions, fixing tax rate that will cover
the difference
WIN the City Council do this, or will it
founder along in the same old unsafe, un-
satisfactory and unlawful paths
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1906-05-28

to nominate candidates for governor
and Representative in Congress. or ia
nominate an electoral ticket or To an
point delegates to a national convention
the Judges aforesaid shall hold AN
election on the day recommended by
the said committee, or If no day IA
recommended, on day to be named
by the judges, between the hours men.
toned in Rule /, for the purpose Of
choosing delegates to such State con.
vention, according to apportionment.
Where a hundred is divided into
election districts, the delegates shall
be apportioned TO such districts by The
executive committee Of the hundred
which shall determine whether the said
delegates shall be elected by the dis
tricts to which they are apportioned or
by the hundred at large
If a State convention is called az
such time that it would not be prac-
ticable for the judges aforesaid to hold
such election, the county committee
shall provide for the election Of dele.
gates to such conventions according to
the said apportionment.
Rule 9. The inspectors and judges 10
hold the election on the last Saturday
in May, A. d. 1898, shall be selected
by the county executive committee
from among those persons who were
voted for as inspectors at the last general
election, and the judges who held said
elections in the respective hundreds,
outside of the city of Wilmington; and
from among those persons who held the
last municipal election of Wilmington
in the respective wards.
Rule 10. These rules shall govern the
Democratic party in the several hun
dreds, and shall not be altered, sus-
pended or amended, except in the fol-
lowing manner: Upon the suggestion,
in writing, OF any alterations or amend
ments, signed by at least 100 Demo-
Gratis in good standing, and presented
to the county executive committee, the
said committee shall order a county
convention to be held before the first
day of September, next ensuing, to take
such suggestions, alterations or amend
ments into consideration.
The action of such convention in the
premises shall be final Such conven-
tion shall be composed Of four delegates
from each legislative district Of Will
mington and five delegates from each
Of the other hundreds, to be elected as
hereinbefore prescribed by Rule 1.
Adopted at a convention of the Demo
cratic party of New Castle county, held
at New Castle, on Saturday, September
ID, 1876, and amended at a convention
held at New Castle, on Saturday, May
l1th, 1889.
Amended and adopted as a whole, at
a convention of the Democratic party
of New Castle county, held at New
Castle, on Saturday, May 2lst, 1892,
and amended at a convention held at
Wilmington on Thursday, February Sd,
l&Q&