davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
~ACETYLENE 4
Fourteen Years OId and Now in Use in Every
30 Civilized Country.

The advance in the use OF aoetylene since
It's discovery fourteen years ago has been
remarkable.
Important works for the production OF
calcium carbide are now to be found in all
parts OF the world, notably Norway, Sweden,
France. Italy, Germany, Spain and Hun
gary; at Niagara Falls and Sault Ste. Marie
in the United States, and at several points
in n There Is no civilized country
where aoetylene is not in use, says Insurance
Engineering. In warm and tropical coun-
tries especially the rapidity Of advance is
taxing the productive capacity OF the
world.
Calcium carbide is in appearance much
like anthracite coal. II is approximately a
chemical combination consisting of two
thirds calcium and one-third carbon. In
present manufacture lime and coke are
utilized melted by the heat of an electric arc
OF enormous potentiality in an especially
constructed electric furnace.
When calcium carbide is placed in water
the lime deserts the carbon, with the pro-
duction Of considerable heat, to become
slaked lime. while the carbon forms a new
alliance with hydrogen and becomes the
hydrocarbon known as acetylene, whose
formula is CaH1.
No other gas which has been produced on
a commercial scale is capable of giving, vol
ume for volume, so great yield Of lignt as
aoetylene. Calcium carbide will yield, with
the addition of water, five feet Of acetylene
to each pound Of carbide. the acetylene
having approximately ten times the illumi-
mating value of ordinary city gas.
Weight for weight the ultimate illnminat-
ing power Of q pound of calcium carbide is
considerably in excess of thu Illuminating
power of oil, candles, or other means. Be
cause OF the facility with which il can be
transported, and the simplicity and safety
with which II can now be utilized by means
81 modern apparatus for generation an eX-
t~raordinary field is opened.
Caiclum carbide is now packed in 100
pound sheet steel drums, Theoretically
sealed, and is thus transported with safety
and without danger of deterioration. and at
low cost, to the most distant countries.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
IN r
81. OOO, 900 Yearly Derived From II Plans
TO Increase the Crop.

Japan, which wastes nothing in its do
NESTS economy, realizes s. 600, 600 annually
from its seaweed products. According to
the report of c. J. Davidson. an sttache Of
the British Embassy at Toxic, more than
fifty varieties of the seaweed found along
the Japanese coast are utilized either for
food or as manufactured products.
The traveller sees bundles Of dried sea-
weed, white with the c~rystallized salt of the
sea water, hung from the front of every
food stall. The coarser varieties are stewed
and served with fish. Some of the delicate
sprigs Of sea grass are boiled with fish soups
and renain a vivid green, floating against
the red lacquer of the soup bowls.
Other species OF seaweed are used in the
manufacture OF glue. OF plaster and of
starch. Whole villages arc given over to
seaweed fishing and the drying and pack
ing OF the product for shipment to the
manufacturing plants in the large cities.
In the country along the seashore the farm
ers use the coarse and ropy kelp for fer
tilizing their vegetable fields.
During the past few years tho Japanese
Government has taken up the subject of
the seaweed industry for the purpose Of
giving IL encouragement. Experipents
have been carried on in many places along
the coast with a view to increasing the yield
Of the deep water algT. The government
offers a reward for the best method OF pro-
ducing iodine from sea plants.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
DISCOVERY OF MAWM0TH CAVE.
Said 10 Have Been DUE to Need Of Gave Dirt
FOR Making SaItDCtTc.

In 1909. nearly a century ago, OCCURRED
the discovery of the Mammoth Cave Of Ken
lucky. Its disclosure probably resulted
from the quest for "Ietre Dirt a. the
soil found in limestone c~arerns, containing
lime nitrate, was called.
Legend gives other ersions Of the his
torical discovery OF the world's greatest
cavern. but fact i more potent than folk
lore. says the Van N0rdor Mdgd me, and
to the search for ca ns with suitable dirt
for saltpetre manufacture We probably
owe the disco cry Of this great wonder,
The feverish anxiety to find petre dirt
was the direct result Of the embargo bill
passed by Congress in 1907. That Dill for
bade American esseIs to lea Q American
ports for Europe, and foreign vessels
could not land cargoes here.
We were getting on toward the war Of
1912 and needed ~EunpOwdcT. To make gun
powder We must haze sait1ctrc. We had
been getting II from Italy and Spain, but
the embargo act stopped that. There was
no American supply OF the substance.
A TO ing chemist, ono DR.. Samuel brown
had at Lexington, Ky, shown how by
crude but efficient processes saltpetre, or
potassium nitrate, could be obtained from
aca q earth" Wood ashes when Xxi lated
and boiled with the leached product Of
the fine sill Of limestone ca ern would
lur ISL tlle pro lOuN DTOilF'l On NniOIA a'e-
pended "A nation < life. And 50 the guest
Tor ca o. was begun and it was assiduo1sly
Continued.
When Mammoth Cave was found ? cry
part OF the great ca crn was searched
Tor cave earth. From pit. dome, by ways,
from crystal bedeched a cnuea sia eS
carried the hea v loads OF pctrc dirt to
the teaching Nats. Many thousands Of
tons of soil we're thus treated aud the rude
chemistry Of the day produced something
like 100, goo pounds OF saltpetre within tuo
years.
Heaps Of leached soil. scores Of feet ~
length, "A score III height, greet The vi1ltO' =
eye for the frs two milo, Of the graf
avenue which the visitor enters. But these
do not tell all the story. Many thousands
OF tons Of loose rocks were TO be removed
and then replied, in order that the real
bottom Of the cavern might he reached.
Arc nearly all OF this was done with sla' o
labor. The compact piles Of mud YET
show hOOf print OF patient oxen, ~ vol as
hub mark on the used piles.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
SHORT WEIGHT THTEVING.
chicago Crusade Brings Astonishing Fsc
TO Light.

Chicago j. enjoying a novel sensation.
II is d~umfounded at the spectacle Of graft,
Chicago graft. actually getting il in tho
neck.
The man furnishing the show is City
Sealer Grein, He is having the time OF his
life legally lamming the ignoble army Of
thieves who steal by means Of short weight
and short measure.
When Mr.. Grein came in under the new
regime he organized MS deputies into a
flying squadron which would swoop down
on one section of the city, then another.
and arrest fraudulent dealers. In their
raid Of the Chicago meat markets the flying
squadron made thirty-two arrests.
Thievery lower than that practised by
the sneak thief or ~pickpocket was dis
covered here, says What TO Edi. Butchers
had iron nuts attached TO the back side Of
scales to make the scales weigh more than
indicated. Slices Of bacon we're found
pasted to the under side Of the scale pan
for the same purpose. Alleged FIVE pound
pals often were found to contain but o
pounds and six ounces.
Forty-two grocers were arrested. Some
were pretending to sell sugar below whole
sale prices. But the two pound packages OF
sugar duNcItAScu III thcSt dlN NV
ounces short.
Packages Of potatoes supposed to con-
tain a peck often weighed but ten pounds.
whereas a full peck OF potatoes should
weigh fifteen pounds. Every one Of the
grocers arrested was convicted and fined.
The big department stores of Chicago
we're found TO be selling short weight pack
ages OF butter. The packages would weigh
from eight to ten ounces.
Finding no city law authorizing the
punishment Of dairymen for wholesale
robberies the city sealer caused the CLty
Council to pass an ordinance providing
in the glass on each bottle. Under thisHnew
law mty-three milk dealers were convicted
Nut not until the consumers had been cheated
out Of thousands Of dollars.
The coal men were found TO he among
the biggest thieves. the poorer glasses
being their principal victims. They would
sell o uaTters Of a bushel Of coal for u
full b snel and thrae -eighths for a hIt
bushel, In one instance a load OF. coal
supposed to weigh 1900 pounds was found
TO be 3,ij6 pounds short, Another load
vas found to he 1875 pounds short and
another 800 pounds short. The biggest
coal companies nChicago we're engaged in
these theits.
Next to the coal man the ice man was
the worst thief in Chicago. He was cheat
ing purchasers in nearly every dwelling
until the new city sesler called a halt on him.
He was selling sixty pounds Of ice for a
hundred pounds n thirty-fve pound
chunks for fifty pounds.
Manufacturers OF many high priced
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
~ WIND WAGON.
II Make Thirty Miles an Hour and BIews
the Leaves or the Trees.


A WING wagon is what G. II. Curtiss OF
HCmmondsport. n. Y, calls a weird looking
vehicle in which he occasionally takes a
spin.
The frame j. of wood and the wheels
are of the ordinary bicycle type. IL 10 a
three wheeler, steering being accomplished
by the forward wheel.
The motor Is a two cylinder, cir cooled
gasolene Of the V type, such as has been
generally used in airship work, and is
placed below the propeller shaft and as
near to it as possible. The engine belts
to n driving wheel on the propeller shaft,
which reduces tho revolutions Of the pro-
peller to 80 per minute.
'Ths machine says Mr.. Curtiss In
Popular h,chorics. although Of no ~.
uerc!al value. is thoroughly practical ana
will easly ran thirty miles per hour. TIN
propeller IL o feet in diameter and has a
pitch OF abou 5I2 feet.
IT is needless to sdv that the rig is a
gr.a' horse scareT, AMI blows up a great
cloud OF dust whan passing along the road,
an VIII even pull the leaves troIn the trees
wh'To tn branches are low"
ihe machine complete weighs coo pounds.
Tiare IL no patent Oh tho idea and any one
with hS snail S.:sJaa0 motor can build his
own cait. An .aboa. can also I've driven
IN III" S-EC manner.
The lra8 la, iu,f ncen utilized in France,
wh.sN II. , ron bacon of Agcheres applied
I tho pronaliar to q T~.o.1rCvCls. In his case
: thu propeller WIS 'arried in front. which
had the eject ot pllltng ,nstesI Of pushing.
he entire outiit weighs 100 pounds and
made "A speed OF 500 miles FER hour over
short distances.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02

that it is better form for regular wear than
the Newmarket. although slight men look
very we'll in these double breasted, close
fitting overcoats that outline the figure.
The Chesterfield, when IL is cut for the
same slight figures, derives its chef mod
ishness from the way it shows the lines of
the figure.
The heavyweight winter Chesterfield
falls this year about two inches be low the
knees. II is not cut in 70 the figure SO
closely "a the lighter weight coats. but
hangs rather loosely from the unpaddcd
shoulders. These loose hanging Chester
fields, which are usually made of melton
or kersey, have three sc in the back.
the centre finished with a vent.
The collar is smartest when made of
velvet on the heavy coats, although in
the Chesterfields of lighter weight the
collar is usually Of the material of the
coat and finished in silk. The lspels, which
slant downward. should not be more than
two inches wide nor too peaked in effect
at the top. The collar opening is some
what lower than formerly, althougha depth
Of more than two inches below the breast
line is not conside red good fonn.
The opening should only be low enough
to show perhaps an inch Of the coat at
the top. The two lower side pockets are
provided with flaps, while the upper hand
kerchief pocket is finished only with the
seams. In London these coats are finished
with narrow turned back cuffs of the same
material. New York tailor prefer a vent
with two buttons. Reason for this il
found in the tendency of American cutters
to make mems clothes as eccentric as
possible by adding every possible detail TO
a coat. The black velvet cuffs which
finish a dress Chesterfield are no longer
good style here. They ave been so freely
added to the cheaper ready made clothes
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
PROF. BURGESS'S LECTURE ROOM.
Rooms Of the American Institute in Berlin
Adorned With Three Portraits.

The American Institute in Berlin, under
whose direction Prof. Burgess is delivering
the course of lectures which he began so
sensationally, has teen provided by the
Minister for Education with comnodious
quarters. It is housed in the building on
the Zenghaus platz, originally erected as
an architectural school by Schmikel in
1882, but now occupied by the Geographical
Institute of the University of Berlin and
the Royal Meteorological Institute.
Two rooms have been provided On the
first floor, n as a reception room and
study for the professor and the other a
large pillared lecture room. which is to
be known as the Roosevelt Room. Be-
sides his public lectures in German
Prof. Burgess has arranged 10 CO nduct
classes in the larger room, and all the pro-
ceedlngs of these are in Ems l.sh.
Those who are following the course are
allowed the use of the big room for study,
and a special library is being organized
for their use. The foundation of this is
several hundred volumes, which Prof.
Burgess took with him to Berlin. There
is a collection OF the decisions of the Su-
preme Court of the United States. and nu-
merous works on constitutional history
and law are already on the shelves.
The opposite wall TO that along which
the books are arrayed is decorated with
three half ZENITH portraits In the middle
is President Roosevelt. on the right Presi-
dent n. NJ. Butler of Columbia University.
and on the left Prof. Burgess
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
THE MODE IN OVERCoAYS.
BEST TAIL0RS SEEK TO AVOID
ALL EXPERIMENTATION.

Inc NnCsterueIu StlhI inc JlOst POpuIHr, As
u Is the Most ScrNlceabIe Fashion
-IIshtweighT Coats Made in Grays
I'M Browns styles In listers.
To the average man no garment OF bis
winter wardrobe is rso important as the
o~vercoat. In most cases he expects to have
the use of it for more thar one season.
Then he may want a fashion that will do
service for dress occasions as well as for
everyday business wear.
The wise man who is trying to get all
this out OF one overooat will be careful
to select one inoonspicuous in cut and hue.
He may sigh for a light gray rough cloth
ornamented with pearl gray collar and
cuffs and mother Of pearl buttons that are
not concealed by a Zap. He would doubt
less look very smart in such a coat while it
was new n dedicated only to dress &C.
~casions. but he would find il Of very limited
usefulness. Such pronounced styles are
the luxury of the man who can buy a coat
or two every season.
The Chesterfield is still the prevailing
mode of the well dressed man. He knows
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02

cured through gross violstions OF the pub
hc land laws. dummy entrymen acting
in the transactions for tbs railroads for a
price.
In accordance with ths directions OF
the President orders have been issued
ov tbs Sscretar@ OF the Interior withdraw
ing from all forms OF entry land known
TO contain coal until Congress has had
an opportunity to pass upon the question
involved.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02

candies were found to be stealing from a
half TO a pound ard a half Of candy from
the purchaser on every five pound purchase.
This cheat was effected principally by
of partitions and wrapping pap@ and little
candy.
The consumer thereby was made TO
pay 80 cents a pound for paper when he
thought he was buying candy. Two pound
boxes of chocolate creams contained only
n pound and eight ounces Of candy. In
many instances box, candy and all We're
short of the indicated weight.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
4 PICTURE By WHISTLER.
Portrait Of Miss Florence Leyiand Exhibited
At the Brooklyn Institute.

The portrait OF Miss Florence Le7llnd
by James Mcneil Whistler. is now on ex-
hibition at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences, on the Eastern Parkway.
The picture was purchased partly with
funds obtained from the mu scum collection
fund Of 1905. partly from the Loeser and
Hearn funds. with assistance from nine
private contributors.
Whistler made an etching in dry point in
1873 of Miss Ley land in her earlv gi"lhood
with a hoop in her hand. and also painted
the portraits of her father, F. r. lie land,
her mother and her two sisters, Fanny and
Eleanor. II was for Mr.. Lei land that
Whistler designed and decorated the famous
peacock room.
II Is known that the relations between
Whistler and the Ley land family were
terminated by a violent quarrel and that
one res, Il Of this quarrel was a Supposed
or real resemblance between Mr.. lie land
and an angry peacock, represented as
making an onslaught on \ companion fowl
on one of the panels OF the famous room.
As a result OF this quarrel IL is said that
all the portraits which Whistler had made
CT the Leyland family we're sequestered
from observation.
Miss Florence Leyland was the original
Blue Girl" or Baby Leyland, a full length,
three times attempted and once conpleted
by the artist. This pi'tire was cut up
and DESTROY ed by Whistle, bat several
studies for it have been preserved.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
schooIma.am Elected Justice OF Peace

Mavusr,He correspondence CInc'rndI Enquirer.
Miss Lena Ham, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs.
william II. Ham of Raymond. Union county.
Ohio. was elected justice or the peace nc
Picton. Col, on the Republican ticket. by an
overwhelming majority.
Miss Ham is beautiful and accomplished,
and was for seven years a teacher OF the
schools in Union county. teaching her nrst
term at tho age OF ~ years. She u now &c
and teaches In the public school at Ptcton.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02
THE com COLLECTORS.

NJ. L.. New York Clty.-Kmdiy inform me II the
coin OF which I send n rubbing IL OF special value
The coin is either a IS or n $40 gold piece, ] don
know. which, as the amount Ia not On the coin,
The date IL 1907. On one side IL word Liberty,
with thirteen stars. while Mt the bottom Is the date
In the centre Is a girls head, on which IL a noerty
cap. AZ the back OF this coin arc the words United
States Of America with twelve s;aIs ana an eagle
spread out. In the eagles beakAls . scroll upnn
which II the motto "E Piuribus Unum.' Ihe
coin Is very well preserved. almost new.
This Is a Ave dollar gold piece. The amount
was not placed on the half eagles until 1907. there
being two varieties issued IN this yegr--the ore
you have described. and another showing a nnw
style OF Liberty head to the left. instead OF to the
right, as on the other. Upon Lioerty's head on
this second issue was a turbsn, inscribed Liberty"
with thirteen stars and the date. On the reverse
is an eagle. with the same motto and inscription
as on your coin. but below tho head is the value
IS D." In uncirculated condition your coin should
be worth o. or 80.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-02

II. NJ. p. MetucAen. y. PLEASE give me the
value o; an octagonal gold half dollar. bearing the
Liberty head on ono side and California Gold Half
Dollar, 1855" on the other. Also that OF q gold
dollar. with no mint marx. OF the year iso.. both
are I'm excellent condition. also have n Mexican
silver coin of the Size Of a dollar. ON one side is
nm eagle with extended wings, bcGTinI what looSs
10 he a crown or cap on It's head. while one talon
rests upon a nvc lcaYcd cactus. Around the edge
In raised letters are Mex. !, lmperator Con
slttit. \ n. I, NJ" The diverse bears a head.
evidently ! portrait buSs. surrounded jy August.
The cola Is In ine condition,
The ha;f DOLLAR IN good condition should be worth
about 81. Is. The gold dollar is wor.l $50. The
last coin Is a peso Of the Emperor IturbIdr OF Mex
leo. This Is one OF the first coins struck In Mexico
after the counirg threw OF spanish domination.
II "a a scarce coin. but we arc unable 10 estimate
It's value.
p. NJ. C., Grafton. Pa. / have q gold doller o.
1854. also un dated isJ6. VIII sou kindly tell
ne their value
Toe 1854 GOLD dollar when without \ mint mar
Is WORTH $3.50 q In Fnt clllltlm. Thers Is a rar,
dollar of this Gate bearing tae MARI "C' which {
vortL about SlOO. The dollar OF 1870 Is wort.
$50 when IN gooI condition.
J. v. G. Hlarara rniV, r,lty. Niarcra county
1897 On oue side Is the neal 81 lAbsr'y, on tnt
other an eGNe.
There Is no premium OF this cola. The hal
dimes OF isOc, 100 and isOS are scsrcc. That n
1902 Is tho raresi. having brought 500. Those o
1903 aud 1905 have each brought Ss5 and SO re
spectively when in perfect condition.
Los Angeles herald., 1906-08-05
OUR "GRAFTER ANCESTORS"

Henceforth former Secretary of the
Navy John D. Long will be known to
fame as the most audacious iconoclast
of the present age. Parton's explosion
Of the pretty story about little George
Washington and the cherry tree caused
a less acute jar to American feeling
than will result from ex-Secretary
Longs address, a few days ago, at
Plymouth, Mass.
Standing almost on the sacred rock
on which the Pilgrim Fathers landed
three hundred years before, Mr.. Long
astounded his audience by alleged rev.
elations of early Puritan character
The image of true goodness enshrined
in American hearts as typical of the
pilgrims was shattered as a broken
idol by the former boss of the Ameri-
can navy, himself of pilgrim descent.
If Mr.. Long is correct in his long
distance diagnosis of Puritan charac-
ter it is not strange that the United
States is known in Europe as a land
of universal graft. He says of these
dear old pilgrims that some of the
very elect We're false to their trust
and used their positions to feather
their own nests" And he rubs 1t in
closer by declaring that they were
falser to their trust than any president
of modern insurance company. "
which seems to convey Mr.. Longs idea
Of superlatiYe rascality.
But the grating propensity of the
good old pilgrim fathers, as averred
by Mr.. Long. was only one of many
glaring offsets to their claim for god
liness. Drunkenness, licentiousness
and various crimes and misdemeanors,
as charged, prevailed from the initial
stage of the settlement. "The first
minister sent to the colony" says Mr.
Long. was a hypoerite who stirred ur
strife and Is shown to have been a
libertine guilty Of gross immortality;
the second one was cross between a
crank and an idiot"
There is food for thought in these
alleged disclosures of early Puritan
character. Even If ii be admitted thai
the revelations are Trustworthy II Il
questionable whether Ii would not hav,
been better TO save the image Of Puri
tan goodness, even though it were {
gilded idol But the broad line o
Los Angeles herald., 1906-08-05

thought suggested by the revelations
Is another matter.
No doubt II Is true. as Mr.. Ions
says, that mo New England village
Of the present day need fear compar-
ison with the early Plymouth colony"
Such close scrutiny Of past ages as
Mr.. Long has made concerning the
Puritans always yields evidence that
the "oid timers" were no better, in any
sense, than their descendants of our
era. The farther we go in research
of that kind the more clearly apparent
IL becomes that civilized mankind, in
the average, is on a higher moral plane
today than it was three hundred years
ago when the pilgrims landed at
Plymouth higher than It was a hun
dred years or fifty years ago.
The idea that our ancestors were
better than we results from the fact
that only the good things that men
do are apt to live in history, the bad
being buried with them. The Puri-
tans, with all the faults now charged,
were good people as seen in the light
of their era. They laid the foundation
of the splendid national structure that
we enjoy today, and 1t is very ques-
tionable taste to stir their dust now in
efforts to discover flaws in their
character.