davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
eoLpFIELD
]. B. Menardi Says Red Top VIII De-
clare One in Sixty Days


]. B. Menardi, the Goldfeld broker
and one of the principal owners Of the
Red Top mine, arrived this morning
and reports all the properties in first
class condition. He says that before
this wear is ended he expects that from
six 10 twelve of the leading companies
of Goldfeld will be ~disbursing divi-
dends.
"The Red Top will declare, within
the next sixty days, a regular dividend
which will not total less than "a per
cent per annum. The company is well
off. financially, and has a large ore fe-
serve. There has been some hesitancy
in making the declaration, not because
the company could not afford TO make
the payment, but we want to be in the
position when the dividend is declared
to surely continue the payments. The
Sandstone and Kendall, / think, will
soon declare dividends. Both of these
companies have plenty of cash on hand
and, moreover, have enough ore blocked
out to continue payments for some time
to come.
"The mines are all looking splendid.
The Red Top has a large ore body con-
stantly improving in value. The lead
ing properties are all developing and
going deeper every day. There is but
little ore being stopped in the camp, the
most of it being taken out in develop
ment.
"The Red Top is soon to commence
construction on itssEtill, but the money
required for this work will not inter
fere with the future dividends. There
is plenty of cash in the treasury. The
| Jumbo mill will treat some of the Red
Top ore, and when the best method Of
reduction is determined it will not De
long before the mill is completed. There
is plenty of water in the mine and the
flow is large enough for milling pur-
poses. The ore is quartz or, to be more
exact, alternate rhyolite.
"The rapid rise of the Goldfeld
stocks is fully justified by the condi-
lions of the mines, and l have no doubt
that the advanced prices will be sus-
tanned. The cause for the advance, j
think, is due to the showing the prop
critics have made. Ever since the in
ception of the camp there has been
doubt about the depth and permanency
of the lodges. Recent developments,
especially in the sulphide zone, has
shown beyond a doubt that the mines
are very rich and are there to stay.
This came as a sort of surprise to many,
and when they awakened to the fact all
rushed in to buy.'-San Francisco
Journal of Commerce.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
WALKER LAKE NOT READY
Agent Warns ProspectOrs Against Com
ing Before Time

The of the state have
for some time past been publishing mis-
information regarding the opening OF
the Walker River reservation. As q
matter of fact that event is still far
in the future.
A commissioner appointed by the
United States government, who is
specially detailed by the secretary OF
the interior for the alloting OF lands
10 the Indians in the Walker River
reservation, gives the News the fol
lowing correct information ON the
status of the matter:
"The allotments are to be made OF
irritable lands of twenty acres each,
and there are nearly or quite hve hun
dred Indians to be allotted. The In
dian office telegraphed that the plats
and field notes will be transmitted in
side of ten DAYS. At this time the ac-
tive field work will commence.
"After the allotments have been
made and reservations for grazing and
timber and these schedules approved
by the honorable secretary of the In
terror. the land will be opened to set
tlment by a proclamation of the presl'
dent, to be disposed of under existing
laws.
"People are writing me from all
over the coast asking when the reser'
walton will be opened. Prospectors
and mining men are taking a great In
terest in the matter. / am giving you
this information for the purpose ID
lettering mining men from coming IN
until the conditions are all arranged
and everything is in readiness for the
entry upon the reservation by whites.
Carson News.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
FINANCIALLY

There are few investors who can
look at a mining proposition in its tech
meal sense, says the Daily Mining
Record. They do not understand what
is necessary to make a mine. And It
is doubtful if they would be much
wiser if they did know. All of this is
very nice to study, and should be
studied. 1t is better to know a little
something about the actual mining and
metaliurgical ends, than to be in ignor-
ance. But the main point upon which
the investor is to base his judgment,
has to do with the financial end Of the
proposition.
Why is it so easy to form an opinion
regarding a mercantile undertaking, IT
pass upon the standing of a manufac-
turing company's directorate, when it
is SO difficult to do anything regarding
the directorate of a mining corpora
tion7
1t is not because the investor, feeling
his lack of technical knowledge, per-
mits this to blind him to simple truthsf
Why cannot one investigate a mining
board as easily and as readily as he
would investigate an industrial boardi
Let us not proceed farther with the
argument. Here is food for thought
n single idea that will bear confemDla-
ton and action.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12

The best way to tell your friends
about Goldfeld-s send them The News
Annual.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12

or APPRECIATION ro1 o. q.
pATEHT.
limited States Land Offce,

limited States Land Office, al3
Carson City, Nevada, December IL. 1905.
Notice %iD;.t is hereby Ss Sla slSeni M .ns Smith Eha' his
sseSrnfi s G n Esmeraida County,
Nevada has made sas s% sRe saais' f New o9 Yosf
Faction Lode Mining Claims. United
states Survey No;2Sst N oSee M ~, u,
nisfrict. Nye County, State Of Nevada,
and described as follows. to-wit:-
EAGLE LODE.
BEGINNING at Cor. No. /, whence the
NOrthysst cor; Sec ( 81 q s. &. 3 sc =, " =. s e Fl
It, thence S. l. So, z; 500 e to cor. No.
No. ), thence i. j. ] go g.. W y 500 a &; to Cor T.
Cor. No. / the place Of beginning.
NEW YORK NO. 2 LODE.
Beginning at Cor. No. !, whence the
Northwest Cor, Sec. p, T.,2 Str e.
f., NJ. D. NJ, bears N. So IT, ".
1861 It; thence s. g. Is, 2. S!siSf E
i9s7.os II. 10 Cor. No. 8; thence n: 81
1s' w. s1s.2l It. to cor. No. 4, thence 8.
S. { .s g y y. v sas 1855. s; ss s e c Se- NJ 4; theme I ne
NEW YORK NO. 8 LODE.
Beginning at Cor. No; 1 whsncs the
M. d. N. bears N. bSe 80, ~" W. 11oo.Z
Cor con No No 3; sne ahens Sc s. Il! ~ W. WIS; 1881
& 70 Cor: No; z; thence \; Il. g. y:
AZ E. 1881 It. to Cor. No. 6; thence N.
e5s 3s' 3. 762 It. to Cor. No. 1 the place
Of beginning.
NEW YORK FRACTION LODE.
Beginning at Cor. No. !. whence the
Northwest W. COR Bears Sec; N. ~ 81. T, o. : 81 3. s Fl ts
No. q; thence s. 49, 16' w. 1900 Il to
Cor. No. 3; thence \; So Il v; s1S.s1 f e
#. to Cor. No. / the place Of beginning.
Variation at all corners IL 2.
Containing ssSs acres, after exclud,
conflict with Pawnee Lode U. 8. Survey
No. 2248; Detroit No. Q Y. 8.
Survey No. 1884; New York No. 1 Lode,
Adjoining, and conflicting claims
Detroit No. / and Last Hope Lodes u. s.
s~nsusy Yea ana aSa a SsS Hope No Ne. ! J Lode Lode
u. S. Survey No. -226I.t I~& =
The additional and amended location
s So Msv Of yt the s Na ] Ea ans New New YORK YORK
pages s74, sss, ss7 and So IN BOOK %
of Mining Records of Nye County. at
Q, n GALLUP. Register.
1t is hereby ordered, that the fore
going Notice of Application for Patent
be published for the period OF nine con-
~secutive weeks in the Goldfield News q
weekly newspaper published nearest
the said claims. in Goldfeld, Esmeralda
County, Nevada.
o. H. GALLUP, Register.
Date of first publication December Is.
1905.
w. e. soRelle. Law Attorney for APP
plicant, Goldfield, Nevada.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
MO. 1884.
NOTICE OF APPLICATION FOE
UNITED STATES PATENT.
United States Land Office,

united states Lana Ofnce, Ia
Carson, City, nevada, December IS, 1905.
Hanover Investment Company. a cor
poration. by Claude M. Smith. it's attor-
Goldaeld. Esmeralds County, Nevada.
Racoon. Athabaska,. LOOKOUT, and
H 3: s. snry rrai No' as bad in M sanl e. G e ! Z.
r. 40 E., M. d. M, Goldfeld Mining Dis
trict, Esmeralda. County,. State of Me-
vada, and described as follows, to-wit:
RACOON LODE.
Beginning at corner No. l, whence the
r. 43 E., M. D. M: bears N. 72e 46' w.
925.75 it.; thence N. So AZ E. 562.91 IT.
to cor. No. z; thence $. s. 80. = I121;ls
v: s24.25 IT. to cor. No. 4; thence s. Sc.
AZ w. 562. So IT. to Cor. No. s; thence N.
25s 15' 80" E.. $3.50 to cor. No. 6;
No. ! the place of beginning.
ATHABASKA LODE.
cor. No. / of Racoon Lode Of this sur
vey, whence the West quarter cor. Sec.
7ss;s T. T.. 2 Is s. =; 4 a F. N: p: NJ: bears y y.
54s:1s #. to cor. No. q; thence s. 7. is;
E, 106s.55 IT to cor. No. 8; thence s. T.
e. w; 1854 n. to cor. No. 4; thence
& thence see Is Is 81 e. iSs.i 49, II a. to ss cor 10 No e. & s;
cor. No. 6; thence N. So 49, 80" w.
1880 IT. to cor. No. / the place Of be-
ginning.
LOOKOUT LODE.
w Bsgi9 cnI sat At Cor; No. l whence he
?. N. bears s: 81. os ". 1850 4;
No: q; thence g. g IS, e. sss:ss #. 20
ssi.75 IT. to cor. No. I; thence s. 81. ~
80" w; 6oe.3 s IT. to Cor. No. s, identical
with Cor. No. 9. Racoon lode Of this sur
ceyi No seea g; thence y, n, So |. " y, 81 Ssl; s6s. & e e
to Cor. No. ! h place Of beginning.
RAccooN FRACTION LODE.
w. Z cor. Sec. 10, +. ! s. r. q Mn e., NJ. D. E.
y. bears y. 81 55.W. 2os7.s4 It; thence
thence s. 80 2S' w. 1s7.o5 #. to cor.
No. 8; thence N. 7sS 3s' W. 2sS.os IT. to
cor No; 4; thence N. go "a 80" 2.
1902 IT. to cor. No. 1 the place of be-
Variation at all corners to.
Containing Ss;63S acres after exclud-
i in co without IVA waiver Of any rights. area
No. 22si. Rabbit Foot, unsurveyed;
Virginia Lode, Survey No. 1882; Gold
S Na LODE Survey No. 1882; Red Butte
Survey No. 1881; and Good Old Summer
Time Lode. unsurveyed.
w a;di}oining n conflicting claims;a,.
80 NhSlnld anu 1O4N
Seal Lodes Survey No. 1882; Red Butte
30. l Lode, u~nsurveyed; Beauty Lode,
Survey No. 1921 and Good Old Summer
time Lode, u~nsurveyed.
me additional and amended location
Gertincate Of the Racoon, Athabaska,
Lookout and Raccoon Fraction Lode
ga, S26, and 326, of Book IN" Of Mining
records of Esmeralda County,
revaaa. at Hawthorne. Esmeralda
County, Nevada.
o. H. GALLUP, Register.
4 O. H. Gallup. Register of the
Onlted states and Office at Carson
CITY: Nevada, hereby designate The
GoIdheld News. a weekly newspaper
punlished at Goldfeld, Nevada. IN
which the foregoing Notice of Applica-
tion for Patent shall be published for
the period OF MIN consecutive weeks.
o. HI. GALLUP, Register.
1906.
w. I. SoRelle. Law Attorney for APP
plicant. Goldfeld. Nevada
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12

sss az w. ssa.7 feet to Corner No. !.
the place of beginning
Excluding from tne ss e5s .p,lon
being the area in conflict between said
mack Butte No. 1 lode claim and the
Daisy No. 2 lode. Mineral survey No.
net contained by the said Black Butte
Adjacent claims are; Daisy No 2.
rractton Mineral Survey No. 2413 and
mack Butte No. 3. Mineral Survey No.
s242. Y
in the office of the Recorder OF Esmer-
aida County, Nevada, in Book 1 of Min
ing Locations At pese sISp p.v,.,.r
Date of first publication. December %.
1905.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Nevada has been described in verse
as "dead and dread and desolate," but
in striking contrast with the new life
that is evidenced in the mining camps,
commercial cities and farming hamlets
of the state, is the archaeological sig
niieance of the new discoveries made
by convicts under Warden Considine at
the state prison grounds. Here for de-
cades the footprints of extinct NAM
mails have been known to exist. The
new developments augur well for the
presenting of positive proof as to the
existence of a prehistoric race in this
region, but give assurance that the
modes of life of the pre-diluvians will
become thoroughly understood. This
will throw more light on the genesis of
the human race than the contents of
the pyramids or the researches in the
habitations of the cliff jewellers. Reno
Journal.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
FUEL FOR

If there is any one thing more than
another in this country that would
make for social and political revoln-
ton, it would be the feeling that there
is one law for the rich and another for
the poor.
There is nothing more sure than the
destiny of the So a week clerk who
steals a few dollars from his employer.
The law deals with him sternly. He is
arrested and sent to prison. When his
term expires, every door of reputable
employment is closed against him. He
bears the stamp of a felon. There is
the smell of the prison upon him. He $
summed by his fellows. There is no
hope and no opportunity for him.
But how about the rich man who
uses his power to make profit at the ex-
pense of others, who steals in a lordly
way by holding up multitudes and
forcing them to pay tribute to him,
who ~mismanages trust funds, who spec
ulates with the money of others, who
votes himself a thieving salary, who
violates the law, who jugg1es with fig
ures, who doctors books, and who make
false statements to the government de-
partments having the power of super
| vision? Are such men as these pun
ished9 Are they arrested and tried for
violation of law? Are they expelled
from the chamber of commerce and
other reputable associations of business
men7 Are they ostracised by society,"
The cry has been that the insurance
officials who have been guilty of dis
honest practices should "go." In re-
Spouse to the pressure of public opinion
some of them are going But does
resignation, forced or otherwise, meet
all the requirements of justices The
So a week clerk is not permitted to re-
sign. He is not permitted to plead i'll
mes or the pressure Of other affairs as a
reason for retirement. He is peremp-
torily put into Jail.
Is it not time when something should
be done to show to the country that
there is an equal enforcement of law
in this countryf Surely there is suf-
icient evidence of violation of insur-
ance law to warrant the attorney gen.
eral of the state and the district attor-
ney of New York to proceed criminally
against one or more of the insurance
men who have been guilty of gross,
outrageous and criminal treachery to
sacred trusts. Surely some of our great
and honorable associations of business
men and some of our leading social
clubs might take occasion to expel
these men from their rolls of member.
ship.
Action of this character would 90
far toward casting a more healthy
state of feeling in this country. 1t
would do more to cure discomfort than
any act of legislation, however benef-
cent it might be.-Wall Street Journal.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
II. A. NO. 114o.
NOTICE OF APPLICATION ron
PATENT.
United States Land Office.
Carson OTIS Noxx1l

United States Land Office,
Carson City, Nevada.
December Is, 1905.
Notice is hereby given that the Jumbo
i Extension Mining Company, a corpora
tlon organized under the laws of Ari-
iona, whose principal office, residence
n post-ofice address in the State of
Eevada Is Rooms s & Z. Nixon Block.
Goldneld. Esmeralda County, Nevada
E made application for patent for the
Biack Butte No. / lode mining claim,
Mlneral survey No. 2213 in Section 90
2 South. Range 40 East. NJ
u M, Goldfeld Mining District, Esmer-
alda county, Nevada, described as fol
Beginning at Corner No. /. wbenca
Corner Section 20, Townshin
Z south; Range 40 East, M. d. M. bears
n. ~ 43, ". 1654.1 feet; thence s, S0S
rs ", 500 feet to Corner No. 3: thence
>: . 81 E. 1884 feet to Corner No.
=; Ihence s.. 65s OF E. 1884 feet to
corner NO. 4; thence N. go 25' e. 57sS
Teet to Corner No. 5; thence n. S4S Ss'
w. 6Ss.l feet to Corner No. 6: thence N
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12

NOTICE OF APPLICATIoN ZOE
PATENT.
United States Land Office.

United States Land Office,
Carson City, Nevada,
Dec. 20, 1905.
Notice is hereby given tina in pursu-
ance of Chapter VI. Title 80. of the Re-
yIsed Statutes of the United States, the
Goldield-Silver Pick Mining and
milling Company. a corporation dull
organized and existing under and by
virtue OF the laws of the State of Ne
vada, by Oliver Matthews, its attorney
intact. whose postoffce address is
Goldield,. Esmeralda County. State OF
Nevada, ha his day filed its applfca-
ton for a United States patent for
i263.sS. 1900. 1900, 1900 and 1885
linear feet OF the Pipe Dream lode, the
deserted lode. the Silver Pick Fraction
lode. the Silver Pick lode, and the North
End lode. respectively, each bearing
gold and other precious metals, with
surface ground not to exceed 500 feet in
lying and being situate in the Cold.
neld Mining District, Esmeralda County.
State of Nevada, being Mineral Survey
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
sULLrRoG MINES.

For sale, terms. Prospects and
claims from 500 to $4,000. J. J.
Dufie, Rhyolite, New. 8. 2e-tf,
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12
TENT HOUSE FOE SALE

A 12x14 tent house and lot in choice
neighborhood in Phenix addition 70,
sale cheap. Inquire News Office.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1906-01-12

Don't fail to get a copy of The
News annual edition.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1906-07-20
Eiler's Rip Van Wrinkle Show.

Has a tent built expressly for|
hem. 1t is made of Kahki which
Is used and recommended by our
as the best 1t is alb
water proof. This elegant
tent is built egg shape and has no
center poles In front of the stage,
therefore giving everyone good
view of the performance. The stage
Is lighted with Acetylene gas, which
can be lowered and raised to give
the proper effect, as desired. Light
ming and thunder is made by an
electric storage battery. The seen
cry for each and every act Is all new
and painted especially for this ele
giant production. Mr.. Eiler prides
himself in having the SWEETEST out
fit in the country and delights il
having people come and see hi
pavilion theater before the perform
ance. People can depend on seeing
a first class entertainment. The,
appear at Montpelier Monday night
July %.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1906-07-20
Gone East to Buy Goods.

Wednesday morning J. L. Barney Of
the Cheap Cash store. left for the east
on an extensive stock purchasing trip.
joining John Hood, manager of the
store at Pocatello. At Kemmerer they
were Joined by J. &. Penney Of the
Kemmerer store and at Green River
they were met by Guy johnson of the
Evanston store. The four gentlemen
will go toNew York, Boston and other
wholesale points in the east and pur-
chase the fall and winter stock for all
Of the Cheep Cash stores in Colorado.
Wyoming and Idaho, and will be gone
about six weeks. Spot cash is paid for
every dollars worth Of goods purchased
and in buying in such large quantities
they are enabled to get the very lowest
prices at which the goods can be put on
the market. Again. by purchasing in
this way, they get the benefit Of carload
rates from the east, which makes bis
saving in freight bills.
By going into the wholesale markets
and personally selecting the goods. they
know what they are buying and there il
no chance of inferior stock being worked
off onto them on the plea that 1T i
Just as good as what was ordered. as
often done where goods are purchases
from johbers.
Buying for cash direct from the fac
tories, saving hundreds of dollars II
freight bills. and selling for cash ex
plains why this syndicate of cheap cas-
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1906-07-20

Brother Citizens, of the Shelley
Independent, is working on scheme
to form cooperative company for
the purpose of printing "patent IN
Sides for the country newspapers of
southern and southeastern Idaho.
His idea is that the papers could
thus be supplied with much more
desirable reading matter than is now
furnished by the Salt Lake and
Portland houses. That is true, but
it will require something besides
hot air to keep such an enterprise
agoin'. These cooperative ''ready
PRINT establishments have been tried
in the east and all have failed. W.
don't believe that there are very
many of the country editors OF Ida
no who can afford to sink thousant
or more dollars in such an enter
prise. However, if Bro. Citizen
can figure out plan by which I
cooperative ssready print house
could be made to pay, he will be
come a great benefactor to the coun
try newspaper fraternity and the
boys will sing praises unto his name
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1906-07-20

Last week the supreme court af-
firmed the judgment in criminal
case, appealed from Judge Budge's
court in Bannock county. This calls
to our mind the fact that during his
term Judge Bulge has not been re-
versed in single criminal case that
has gone to the supreme court, and
in civil cases there have been fewer
reversals from this district than any
other district in the state, in proper
ton to the number of cases appealed
This is certainly record of which
Judge Bulge can well be proud, and
the people of this district will show
their appreciation of the fair, homes
and impartial manner in which h
has administered justice during hi
term by re electing him on the 6tl
of November by almost a unanimou
vote.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1906-07-20
Resolutions of Coincidence.

Whereas, The Supreme Ruler OF the
Universe has, in His own way. seen tt
to remove from his earthly duties, VIM.
Hull. the beloved husband and father
OF our Sisters Mary E. Hull and Mary
Phillips, and
Whereas, BY the death Of Mr.. Hull
our dear sisters have lost kind and
affectionate husband and father, whose
demise has brought sorrow to our sis
tiers; therefore be it
Resolved, That Hope Rebekah Lodge
No. 20 In regular session assembled, dc
hereby express to Sisters Hull and
Phillips our heartfelt sympathy in this
hour Of bereavement, and be it further
Resolved, That copy be sent each
sister, a copy be spread upon oul
minutes and copy published in thu
Examiner.
| ELEANOR STALEY,
| BELLE BAGLEY.
| Committee.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1906-07-20

That no one takes any stock in the
Capital News TRADE of abuse
against Governor Goodlng is evil
denced by the fact that not even a
single democratic paper in the state
has published SO much as one line
of the yillianous stuff. The News
stands alone in it's despicable efforts
to besmirch' the character of the
present state administration.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1906-07-20
Order Of Publication OF Notice to Creditors

OTu6I vi uUiIOdtlOu VI NObioo w VI ouiooto
In the Probate Court of Bear Lake County,
Idaho in the matter OF the estate OF Jacob
Schmit, deceased.
It is ordered that notice to the creditors of
Jacob Schmit, deceased, requiring all per-
sons having claims against the sasd deceased,
to exhibit them with the necessary vouchers to
the Administrator with the will annexed, OF
the estate of the said deceased, be given by
said Administrator with the will annexed by
publication in the Montpelier Examiner, a
newspaper printed and published in the town
of Montpelier, County Of Bear Lake. State OF
Idaho at least once week for four weeks, and
| it is further ordered that said Administrator
with the will annexed. give notice TO all ccedit-
ors or persons having claims againse the said
deceased, to present them within ten months
from the first publication OF said notice.
Done in open court this 9th day of July, 1906
| DAVID C KUNZ,
7-I34 Probate Judge
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1906-07-20

With the sentiment in the north
against his forest reserve policy and
the sentiment in the southeast
against his anti-Mormon policy,
Fred T. Dubois will have to do
some pretty smooth work if he sue
ceeds in getting platform adopted
exactly to his liking at the Occur
d'Alene convention.