davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
NOTICE TO MASONS.

Rv order of the Iowa Grand Secretary
H. K. Hillon of Omaha, Neb., all those
who exdect to attend the annual ses-
sion of the Grand Masonic lodge at
Burlington, OF even going to visit there
during the grand lodge, should when
purchasing your tickets, ask for GER
t;fcate and bring it to the Grand Sec
retary to countersig gn and you can Sc
cure the one and one-third rate ticket
for the round trip, if 100 or more attend
the Burlington session. Ask for the
certificate on any railroad where you
purchase Tyour ticket and ask your
friends to do likewise.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
MINNEAPOLIS RuoGETARlAN.

The Masonic had their annual sermon
preached Sunday afternoon at ii. Peters
church. The pastor Rev. Wilson official.
ing
The ladies OF st. James Mite Missionary
Society gave lawn social Tuesday even.
ing ut 42S South 4th street. Quite neat
sum was realized
Several Of our ladies attended the Adel-
phi elu" picnic at Como Tuesday.
Despite the inclsmincy OF the weather
Monday evening, the lawn social given
by the Court Of Calanthe at the residence
Of Mr.. H. Thompson was we'll attended,
A neat programme was rendered ~ fol-
lows; selection Terry Orchestra Remarks
Lawyer Morris; Instrumental solo Mis-,
Lima smith: Reading. Miss Myrtle Brandt
Selection. 1errys Orchestra; Address,
Mrs. Jennie e. Watson; vocal solo, Miss
Myrtle Brandt. ...
Rev. Wade Of st. Jamesc hurch announ-
ces his rally tor Wly l5 At II :OO =. m.
Hon. Wn X. Morris will preach lay
sermon at 300 p. m. Rev. H. S. Graves
Of St. Paul will preach at 500 p. m. ser
mon BY the pastor, special music will be
rendered by the choir assisted by Mrs.
ADJ Murphy end Mrs. J. Il. Hudson.
The executive board of the Woman's
Federation held q pleasant meeting ut
Minnehaha Falls last Wednesday. There
were present about twenty including sew.
eral ladies from st. Paul, after the bust.
ness was transacted the Minneapolis lad.
les served refreshments. Those present
we're Mesdames Hickman, Glass, Kirtley,
Houston. Wright and Miss Eanice Glass
Of St. Paul. Minneapolis ladies present
we're Mesdames Gibbs, Joyce, Watson,
Wade. Helm, Holder Tiehle, Jeffry,
Roger, Hyatt little Withers, Smith and
Lizzie Withers. There were ten clubs
represented at this meeting.
Only about four weeks now until our
convention in Daluth. Those OF our lad
les who will attend the Detroit meeting
are Mesdames Gibbs. Fannie Pierre and
Carrie Goodbar.
The Drama at st. Peters church last
week was we'll attended and fairly well
presented. Some of the characters were
exec lent.
Mrs. Cheatham and old and respected
resinent of oar city died rather unexpect-
edly and was buried from her home Mon
day afternoon of last week. She leaves
husband and four children to Mourn her
departure.
See the beautiful drama entitled Forty
years OF Freedom at st. James church,
in July. Admission Is cents.
Rey. Wade does all kinds of job print
ing at bis Industrial printing Office. He
has several boys under him learning the
trade.
Mr. and Mrs. Burton of St. Paul visited
at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. H. W. Rich.
ardson Of 5th Avenue Monday evening.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
New Woman's Club Organized

A number of the prominent Negro
women of the city met Tuesday even
ing at the residence of Mrs. 5. Joe
Brown and organized purity literary
club to be known as the '1ntellectual
Improvement Club" with the following
officers; Miss Zella Davis, President;
Mrs. j. H. Mcdowell, Vice President;
Miss Matilda Letter, Secretary, MISS
Tobitha Mash Asst. Secretary, MRS
j. R., Erickson, Treasurer; Miss LYDIA
Lockridge Critic; Mesdames 5: Joe
Brown, VIM. Smith and j. G. Williams
Executive Committee.
The object of the organization, as IN
dicated by it's name, is the intellectual
improvement of it's members, and they
selected for the beginning a course IN
English Literature to be given IN a
series of lectures by Atty. $. Joe
Brown, A. M. of the State University
of Iowa and Miss Lydia Lockrldge, "A.
B, of the State University of Kansas
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

On Wednesday evening Miss Martha
Leffier entertained the members OF the
Cosmopolitan Art club md their Young
gentlemen friends at a party. A most
enjoyable time was had. The earlier
part Of the evening was spent in =
musical programme. Miss Letter was
assisted in receiving by Gertrude Can,
nady. The house decorations were
red sand white after which a three
course luncheon was served by Misses
Louise Clay and Adam Hyde who assist.
ed in the dinning room
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
YANkToN. s. D. DOTS.

Mrs. Helen Ferguson who has been
little under the weather is again
able to be about. =.
Mrs. Lena Smith LEFT Thursday for
an extended visit with relatives and
friends In South 500 City, Neb., and
Sioux City.
A most enjoyable time was had at
Willing Workers, Thursday. Several
new members were added.
Rev. Jas. Washington expects to
arrive Friday SO as to elect the
stewards Of church.
Messrs. VIII Simms and Jas. Par
sons have bought out the Cascade
Pantorium formerly owned by Ed
Gamble. Mr.. Gamble leaves the field
with good will toward everyone. He
and his wife expect to leave soon to
make their home in the northern
part OF this state. Success is all we
can wish for them as well as the new
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
Unknown Friends.


There are many people who have
used Chamberlain's Collie, Cholera and
Diarrhoea Remedy with splendid re-
suits, but who are unknow because
they have hesitated about giving q
testimonial OF their experience for pub
lication. These people, however, are
none the less friends of this remedy.
They have done much toward making
it household word by their personal
recommendations to frieeds and neigh
bors. 1t is . good medicine to have in
the home and is widely know for its
cures of diarrhoea and sll forms Of
bowel trouble. For sale by all drug
gists.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

Ms. A. Wilburn was the hostess OF
IA. B. =. Reading Circle Monday af-
4noon. A good membership was
went and very pleasant time and
Illness meeting was held. The Pre-
mt Mrs. L. r. Palmer was elected
1F1xate to the National Federation
Ich convenes in Detroit, Mich, in
July. The circle will give pri-
5$s or select picnic party at Green
fE6d park Monday afternoon July 2.
1RK Hamilton will be the next hostess
~ which time the circle will ad-
3I1Afn ia for the summer.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
Birthday Celebration.

On June oath Mrs. Parthine Robin
son of Norwoodville, suburb of Des
Moines, celebrated the Gath birthday of
her mother, Mrs. Becky Watson Of
Dalton, Mo-. Sixty eight guests were
invited to help make merry and at 2
O'Clock the guests began filing into the
dining room to table laden with good
things. Mrs. Watson received many
nice and useful presents. AS the
crowd departed much praise was be-
slowed upon Mrs. Robinson on her
very elaborate affair and wishing Mrs.
Watson many more happy birthdays.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

Professor l.. II. s Brown left last
Saturday for Buxton, and on last
Monday night delivered lecture a.
the Mt. Zion Baptist church under the
auspices of the Mission Circle while
there he collected many notes concern.
log Buxton and her many peculsr!aties
which he will put in shape for the By
stander's many readers In the near
future.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

pletely broken up in one or t,:o lays
time. The first sy ynptou Of cold are
dry, loud cough, profuse waite, y
discharge from the nose, and thin
white coating on the tongue, Whel
Cham mberlain's cough remedy is taken
every hour on the first appearance Of
of these symptoms, it counteracts the
effect Of the cold and restores the sys
TEN to . healthy condition within
day or two For sale by all druggists
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
Low Excursion Rates to New Eng.
land and Canadian points via
the G. & N w R'y.

Tickets on sale daily until June 3Oth
also on July 4 ana IS, August 8 and
% and September5, and 10 at one fare
plus $500 for Is day tickets, or one
fare plus $500 for 30 day tickets
Stop overs allowed at Detroit, Niagara
Falls and other intermediate points.
Full information at 4Ol Walnut street
or c. & N. w. passenger station.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
ALBA NEWS.

Mrs. Anna Garret Of Buxton is visiting
few days with friends B, fore going to
Oskaloosa.
A. M. E. Sunday School will have
their annual picnic in the city park July
18th.
Little May Tolson is visiting her sister
in Buxton.
Social atthe city hall on Saturday night
for benefit OF church WIS q success.
Mrs. Ollie Vandarest. Mr.. Elmer Tolson
bliss Carson Of Foster was in town this
week.
Mrs. Mertie Lewis of Buxton sp,nt the
first OF the week in Albia At the pal entail
home. Fila.
Qsite Il few strangers In town this
week. ..r.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
Fourth of July Rates.

For the Fourth of July the Mlnneapo
lis & st. Paul B. r. will sell round trip
excursion tickets 70 all points on its
lines within radius Of $50 niles from
selling station 1t rate of fare and one
third; tickets on sale July 3 and with
return limit July 6, 1905. Call on
agents for particulars.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
TRUTH TO LIGHT.
kEokuk, IOWA.
Especially

AS the Bystander Is the official or
gan for the Iowa Federation or
Colored Woman's Clubs, allow me
space in your columns for few
brief thoughts, as a c0.worker In the
above stated organization.
An article appeared In the paper
correcting the statement that Mrs.
Helen Downey was not the originator
of the Iowa State Federation. Mrs.
Downey did not throw the bOquet at
did that. Although he was correct.
Mrs. Taylor organized the first wom-
ans club In Ottumwa, Mrs. Downey
the State Federation. The idea
originated with her and the founda-
tion was laid by her. It Is conceded
by every Thoughtful woman Of the
state. Mrs. Belle Graves took up
the thread where Mrs. Downey left
off and with the assistnce of Mrs.
Downey as state organizer it has
grown steadily up to the present,
Mrs. Taylor indeed deserves much
credit for out of the I. B. W. sprung
the others. But why comes this
friction after four years OF success,
seemingly one woman wants all the
honors bestowed upon herself: -
devide them don't you think tnat
right? If the good women Of the
state are working for honors their
work will not be profitable and, it.,
is an injustice to the national motto
lifting as we climb as well as the
state, Sowing seeds of kindness"
The Federation is to bring our women
in closer, touch, socially but. SEEM
inly at our last meeting 1t widened
the breach and why? All for the
sake of an office. Let the Office seek
the woman, and not the woman seek
the office. This work Is a grand
missionary work in the uplift of hu-
manity, and not for honors, now my
good women of Ottumwa bury the
hatchet and work in unison. And
do not sign women's names to ar
ticles with out their permission It
Let us work hard another year to
help the new president, and lay a
side all predjudice.
Mrs. Belle Bannister
Vice President. :,
Ottumwa, June 10, 9O6.
Mr. Editor, we do not wish to enter
into an ignorant controversy, but we
believe it is our duty to protect our
sister in this attempt to slander. In
the last issue of the Bystander ap-
peared letter under the head OF
Ottumwa news which was an infam-
Gus attempt to slander noble wom-
an. 1t was Unjust, uncalled for. And
whether found or not. Mrs. Downey
should be treated with the courtesy
and respect that is due one who has
given her time, talent and money to
help push forward this noble work.
The idea Of an Iowa State FEEDER
alton originated In the mind of Mrs.
Downey. many OF the plans were hers
and were carried on to success by the
l. B. w. club.
The Good Intent Club of Ottumwa
was organized by Mrs. Downey, If this
club has any other mother" she was
not present at Its birth, nor has she
been since Its orgaization four years
ago.
This insult to Mrs. Downey should
be an insult to all Iowa. God speed
the day when we shall lay aside petit
ness, jealousy. self-seeking and be
large in thought. in word, in deed. r..
Good Intent Club.
Mrs. Jennie Wenston, Pres.
Amy Junkins, Sec. pro tenn.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
TO CLUB WOMEN.

Those going to Detroit July &,
have your local agent to sign
your certificate, it will insure you
getting the round trip for one
fare and third.
Gertrude d. Culberson
Clinton, Iowa.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

Next Wednesday will be the 4th OF
I1y. When you go to purchase fire
Booker, toy pistols and other explosives
1on 4 spend too much, and is very like
y:yon would have as much pleasure if
Ky, did not buy any Of those articles,
Ehen you would avoid the danger Of
8!Gg hurt in firing them of.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

The Royal Rosettas new club re-
gntly organized has elected the fol-
wing officers: President Louise Clay
kice President, Robert Miles; Secretary
lertrude Cannaday; Treasurer and
axargant-at-arms, Harry Gross. The
Inb will meet Tuesday evening with
5Suise Clay. ...G
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

hnmber of people went to Daven-
1 on the excursion last Saturday
} and returned home early Monday
ling. Among them were Messrs.
gilliams, Ed Morton, Turner and
bonr ..... ,...., ....
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

Mrs. W. H. Warricks, Mrs. S. Joe
Gown and Mr.. VIM. Shackleford have
passed the final examina-
|Dn on the years work prescribed by
he Iowa District Normal Institute OF
ae "A. M. church, and will receive their
fplomas from said course at the Dis
lict Convention, which is in session at
|Arinda this week.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

Mrs. Cora E. Jones, Grand Matron of
~ Heroines of Jerico Of the Iowa
|Iisdiction, stopped off in the city
hrsday evening on her return to her
~ ne in Oskaloosa, after holding the
sion Of the Grand Court at Omaha
ere she was unanimously reelected
second term. While in the city
was the guest of Mrs. S. Joe
own.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

Miss Gertrude Cutchfield, who has
M in the city for the past year,
2kieg her home with Mr.. and Mrs.
ward Black on Grand avenue, and
liking at the dressmakmg trade with
dam Holehane, returned to her
he in Garnett, Kansas Thursday
Sning. She was accompanied by her
Yer, Miss Bertha, who has been vis-
~ with her for the past week.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

WANTED-A first class barber.
Permanent work guaranteed to
the right man. Write or call on
Geo. Walker, ia E. 5th street,
Davenport, Ia.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

wn Social July 4th, p. M, at the
ence Of Mrs. Allie Cravens, 927
teenth Place, for the benefit of
a Congregational church. -
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

bn't forget that the Chautauqua is
3ession and a day or few even7
III the park will be Of interest, as
management have provided a good
leram at all the sessions.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

rs. Peter Hudlin left last Friday
Davenport, where she will join her
and and they will make that city
J future home.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

q Kings Daughters gave social
Ee home of Mr.. and Mrs. H. Gould
Tuesday evening. The attendance
Very good and pleasant evening
Enjoyed by all present.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

ate Afro-American Council meet
" Corinthian Baptist church, all
md evening next Wednesday July
Il Special program in the evening.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

When In Oskalo0sa, Iowa call
on Mrs. Hannah Williams Tor
oood meals and rooms, by day or
week. III "A avenue East.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
How to Break Up . Cold.

It may be q surprise to many to
learn that severe cold can be com
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

Go to Mrs. Bina Murrell Tor
GOOD rooms and accommodations
IA e. eth street, Davenport, Ia.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

an bscribe for the Bystsnder.
State Bystander.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
y not complain about the hot days
kuse we need them.
Re. William Buckner left this week
khe Lakes, she will be spone more
y . month.

/. John Waller was among the ex-
ionists who spent Sunday in Daven-
He reports very pleasant time.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29
CITY NEWS.

B. II you have relatives or friends visit
y he city or going to make visit, please
IN NJ; We solicit ali your local news-Ed.l |
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-06-29

IS. w. n. Humbard one oftour lead
baterer las gone to Battle Creek,
J to spend her vacation.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-04-27
MORRIS FOR SUPERVISOR.

Mr.. Frank Morris present member
Of the board of supervisors from West
Des Moines, Des Moines township. is "
candidate for denomination, and we
can say that Mr.. Morris is one of the
best known and influential member of
the board. He has been member of
the board during the entire time OF
the building of the Court House and
knows every detail thereof He is u
successful man in his own business and
there is no reason why he cannot b.
able to- render even better service to
the county in the future, then in the
past. Mr.. Morris is hard working
repub blican, also willing to help others
secure places. He is sociable, pleasant
man to meet and treats all classes of
people with equal justice. The :olored
people have found him TO be q good
friend. He solicits your support.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-04-27
CUMMlNS' CLUB ORGANIZED
IN BURLINGTON.

The Daily Capital last week said
that the Negroes and democrats con-
troled the Burlington, Club. This
one article shows to what extreme
those papers 60 to when fighting
Gov. Cummins. The Negroes have
as much right to support G ". A. b.
Cummins as any other republican
for Governor, certainly the Stand
patters and corporations have given
the Negro nothing not even consid-
GRAFTON in Iowa, no it is the mean
contemplate slur that the Daily
Capital wanted to throw at Gov.
Cummins, every loyal Negro voter
should rebuke such papers or lead =
ers in the republican party. If
those same Negroes would have or
ganized Perkins Club they would
have at least been colored psople
according to the Capital.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-04-27
JULIAN RICHARDS FOR SECRE-
TARY OF STATE.


TARY OF STATE.
1t is with feeling Of pride that the
Bystander this week presents the
name of Julian w. Richards OF
Waterloo, as republican candidate for
secretary Of state, and ask the re-
publicans of Polk county to consider
him at the primary election to be
held Tuesday, May LIST.
Mr.. Richards Is a newspaper man
the Iowa representative of the Chi.
cago Daily Tribune, position he
has held for many years and in
which he has establi he'd a fine repu-
tation for fairness ad cleanliness in
dealing with all subjects, political and
otherwise. ...-... ..-..
Mr.. Richards is a native Of Iowa.
having been born at Waterloo. He IS
a graduate of the State University
and popular with the alumni Of the
school throughout the state.
Mr.. Richards is republican and
one who has devoted many years of
his life to the interests of the party.
He has for several years had charge
of the literary bureau at republican
state headquarters and has had much
to do with the many glorious victories
won by his party. He was private
secretary to tne late Col. D. B. Hen
derson when that gallant soldier
statesman was speaker OF. the Nation
al House Of Representatives. He Is
worthy the support OF every republi.
can
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-04-27
BYERS FOR ATTORNEY
GENERAL.

This week we present a picture Of
Hon. II. w. Byers OF Harlan, Shelby
county, Iowa, who is candidate for
attorney general of the state of Iowa
and whose name will appear on the
Polk county republican ballot next
Tuesday at the coming primaries for
endorsement We can say that we are
personally acquainted with MIR. Byers
and know him to be one of the ablest
and hest fitted man in the contest for
attorney general. He is recognized as
as one of the strongest men at the bar
in the state. He has been member
Of the General Assembly of Iowa and
was honored by being elected speaker
OF the House two terms. He made one
of the best parlia amentarians that the
Iowa legislature ever had. He has
been chairman Of the republican state
convention and his eloquent voice has
been lifted in defense of republican
principles in this state for many years.
and this is the first time he has sought
state honors; and we assure those who
are not acquainted with nv. Byers
that they will not make any mistake
in registering their vote for him. He
is good friend OF the colored race and
believes in treating all classes with
equal justice.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-04-27

The above cut is Mr.. George w.
Graeser who is candidate for justice
of peace of Des Moines township, West
Des Moines. Mr.. Graeser is one of the
best we'll qualified men for candidate
for said office. He is Des Moines
boy and graduated from the West Des
Moines High School. and attended the
Grinnell college; graduated from Drake
University Law Department in 1903
and has been in active practice ever
since He is working republican and
has never asked or held any Office be.
fore. His many friends really think
he merrils the support of all the peo-
pie for he will make an excellent JUS
tice OF the peace because Of his qualiti-
cation.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-04-27
HAMILTON FOR SUPERVISOR

James Hamilton who lis candi-
date for supervisor west Des Moines
has made a great gain in the past
week and his friends predict that he
will be the winning man at the COM
ing primaries as supervisor, as to
qualification he has many years of
experience ln%making frame and iron
bridges in this state even in Ohio,
Pennsylvania and other states, his
general knowledge about public and
county affairs is considered good,
and by his age and sixteen years
residence here with not a f1]t upon
his record it is one that merits the
support Of every thinking citizen OF
Des Moines township.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-04-27

This week it is pleasure for present old
friend, Colonel D. j. Palmer of Washington candi
date for denomination for railroad commissioner of the
Colonel Palmer Of those boys who 1860 when the call
to go and defend country and flag willingly offered his life
sacrifice for the maintenance of this union perpeuation
our hag He Of the best known soldiers today around
the camp fire meetings. He is plain honest and genial
to meet He has made commissioner
his past record which he submits public consdera
on He true republican, good friend to the coored
will treat all classes fair. He merits your support.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1906-04-27

sSs nd Mrs. Gus Watkins and Miss
4 ~ q hardson entertained a company
o1 lrields last Tuesday evening at
their home on Feline Ave-, com
MI p,ltneAlhry TO Miss Marian Porter who
D atlatf her home in Knoxville, Tenn.
y " A crowd Of young people were
II olSits Enjoyed the hospitality OF the
The evening was spent IN
~ onversa tion and other social
a = Refreshments were ex-
" liI served and those so fortunate
u tent enjoyed themselves.