davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-01-18
A CALL TO THE WOODS.
Co1nmrne with Yourself Occasion
 nirr -n. HIT Own L-sod.

 Har.#rf a- -ls.--l. .rt et the pow sta4I fl '=- ff~ri- into f- sLlt--= ovy woods. l z a-4 cal back the fJr..l-. 1..ert aH7t.li e0u fhe 4ld .lz--ls IL. s.. thoughts. the o!I ama.,4s-s. .t..a mistake. Eou made, tle dr...s vi l9aI. tAe Nro2s> you Iil 0g J.te--.5. t.E- opportunities wasted. the rt.a ra.--s r1u sought. the work that .ti .-.Ig.I l...ve s5ole better the ks1d yvor. < T9a fa sA- k45e spoken and tl.a a5t, he sod 4ta,-lz you might have done aA l 5,iti Lo-. rLe frowas that should have been smiles. tl-e curses tAat might have Jeet. blessings. zle tears that o.,G,.t la1er b s4ve been shed, he waunas that laad Ge-sr alve been Mlda
 CoHlaeae with yoursnlf-Tour nas7. your present, rour future. Egar crimes. your weakae> ies. E9HH .Qgats. E0u fears. your hopes. yoar desHatr-2a ]! thus let eanseie4ce aud tl4e aIsa.s 0f your better self 5eat sour so9a iat9 il prayer:
 God be mcrr.fal to ne. a sinner. = Watson , a!HgSGz:f.e.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-01-18

years 5-o. h. 509y@5 ia fHe Fafja- pine Islands, where he began tae practice of law. Through his pro- fes taa he has become quite wealthy
 They departed Tuesday f9r 7hair home in Iin4ayea, via San Francisco
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-01-18
The Fox an.. rhe Rock.

\ writer ill Land and Water. an Eng fish notification. says Pew would consider the fox an enemy Of the rook and yet ha is all tnveterate foe when ever he gets chauce II is doubtful if he would stick q tooth into 2 tough old rook f opportunity permitted 1t, but young rock $ 8 le.tcaey reynard n3ueh appreciates and N,i.eh he often enjoys. + d rookery and l litter of c1bs exist in the vicinity of each other. the vixen beiougtng to tie latter spends r.0zt of her time during rou9a !. .4i4I beneath the trees and bu.ily rq.4ia, t..e G.58n out uestlings to her young 5ei's,z
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-01-18
Tie pipiatse

Those tiE a..yepers tie PIeiades have been us4l D mark the days from the most remoea periods. T. ". Fewkes. describing the fife ceremonies of the Pueblo Indians of Tusayan, said that, having been present on two such occa- sions in 1s92 and 1893, he found that the crr5r of time made by the Indians as to the 18th Of November in those two years WAS significant. It was the ctI.lniua1iou of the Pleiades which told the Indians the proper time for the beginning of their rites.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-01-18
InDeIirlent.

PruAW,hy don't you break the en- gagement if you find you no longer love him? Narjorie-Fve just diseov- cred that he wants to break it himself. Puck
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-01-18

'Aecp!n, NttlE
 t,i@u ..s. ea Z .=s,.. all zs55 a,5e,#.E.S sha Ia; berries ...... ., clothes tEe. .s.. 9., as SIIe -5... .=55qr :, her cooking 1I,z on -ss caIaba~h =e3at zs b4i,, this purpose. =.#= 5..5.l..a, ~ for bowls. ..t@.- .... ia,,. ing water from +, snail oI.es L.s5..s. ezga, j]4-, the afternoon uaea ,54 l;, her cup of =rsasla p.ezs b,4 leaves from tl.-.....a bush , her door boil, ten. slfi;4a7x from . Sag.tr essa for s5rao,, lie eoeoeaut piles =r1e n she t-.I> q 60. ., a..f of :,
 
 depending Gq t.9a. @r3es.. fa-
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-01-18
A h en Nfar.,n L-

KeZardi1- 1e Il l.a 5'' ! E.---.a1. e-'s a.r, Ue.'r u .r h. ber<. aAl o. If tjl..ii i....- ..I;.ae@ L.
 
 | a. q. s q . ..- 5g II l. .t~- sl.s i. @.t.- l..t.-e.s t..s i, .9.. s,,.y L.. ing eaH
 ---.t-
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1906-01-18

Dinner is se2Eed, t!earte. ansve,- ed the new cook. New York Herald.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15
FIX LUMBER PRICE.


Washington, Dec. 10.-An inyestiga-
ton OF the lumber combine, as pro-
posed in the resolution introduced bv
Senator Kittredge, of South Dakota
will be productive of more good TO the
people, in the opinion of some Western
senators, than any inquiry instituted
In recent years. Mr.. Kittredge has
collected considerable material, and
when 1T Is presented to the senate in
connection with details Senator LaFol-
lette and other Western senators will
bring out, strong majority is expect
ed In favor of the resolution.
In many respects the "gentlemen,s
agreement which controls the price Of
lumber is like that which was alleged
IN the beef packing industry. There
are several associations, such as the
hemlock association, the Pine associa-
ton and the Hardwood association
whose representatives meet once q
month, discuss the conditions and fix
prices.
There are no records and no doom
ments that would Incl inmate. but
through an agreement of gentlemen,
the output is regulated and prices
fixed. pii0o'
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

Religious strife liz assured in France
Mayor Schmitz wants the time OF hi,
trial extended.
Canada is also having trouble will
Japanese coolies.
| The pope declares nothing will stor
the struggle in France except victory foi
the church.
| John Barrett Is almost certain to be
chosen director of the bureau of Ameri.
can republics.
Andrew Carnegie has given $50, 900
towards rebuilding the college recently
burned at Kankakee, Ill.
Mrs. storer says che is the one who
brought Roosevelt to the front and he
owes everything he is to her.
Lands around the salton sink, Cal,
Will be flooded for year as the result
OF the recent break in the dam.
Young Teddy Roosevelt Is having
hard work these days being initiated
into one OF Harvard's secret societies.
Nearly 5000 employees OF the Wash
ington navy yard will receive an in
crease In wages of 10 per cent Janu-
airy /.
President Roosevelt has expressed the
hope that II treaty can be negotiated
which will exclude Japanese coolies
from the United States.
There Is little hope of ex-senator
Brown, of Utah, surviving the wound
inflicted with a revolver in the hands
OF woman he had wronged.
School teachers of San Francisco have
formed a union.
New York bank reserves are far he
low the legal limit.
Hartman plans to secure control Of
Chicago's electrical appliances.
The st. Paul railroad has made off,
eial announcement of its route to the
Pacific coast.
Bellamy Storer has written an angry
letter To President Roosevelt about his |
dismissal as ambassador to Austria.
Many rich men of San Francisco are
coming TO the front with money 10
help Mayor Schmitz out of his trou-
bles.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15
COST OF MAINTAINING NAVY.
Nearly $40, 100000 Spent on Ships
In Commission.

Washington, Dec. Sit cost $19..
604, TAO to keep the ships of Uncle
Sans navy in commission during the
past fiscal year, according to the annual
report OF Paymaster General H. T. B.
Harris.
The building of new ships, including
harbor and material cost, during the
last fiscal year, $31, 764 ,566, and repairs
to ships $3.50, 800. The sum of 1852. :
034 was expended on the naval militia
of the states.
As an evidence of the thrift of blue
jackets, the paymaster general shows
that in the past fiscal year they deposit
ed with the paymasters 1886, $50; they
were repaid 1894 1857, which, with ac-
cumulated interest ON the total savings
on repayment, amounted to 1851, 652.
The paymaster general says that. in
view OF the past unsatisfactory expert
ence with combinations OF rations. and
particularly as the new navy ration is
considered sufficient in all respects to
actually subsist the men, it would seem
that the time has surely come when
Communication should cease.
His report expresses qualification
over the practical elimination of the
and Spectator in bidding
Tor naval supplies.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15
COAL MONOPOLY
MUST ANSWER
Hartman and Gould Lines Indicted
by Grand Jury.
Accused of Stealing Thousands of
Acres of Coal Lands in Wyoming
and Utah and Establishing Mon
opoly OF Coal Mining and Crush
In Al Competition.

Salt Lake, Dec. 8. $500 With the In
dictment of the Hartman and Goult
railroad and coal corporations and theil
officials the Federal grand jury begar
the work OF bringing to justice the mer
who are accused OF stealing thousands
OF acres Of coal land In Utah and
Wyoming and using their connection
with the railroads to establish monop-
oily OF coal mining and dealing in the
intermountain country.
These indictments are only the first
In what may prove to be long series
Tor the grand jury Ii to resume its in
QUESTION soon after Christmas.
The grand jury's partial report was
made to United States District Judge
John A. Marshall. The indictment
against the Hartman companies en-
brace the Union Pacific, the Oregon
Short Line, the Union Pacific Coal COM
pany, Everett Buckingham, general SUI
OF the Oregon Short Line
and man named Moore. The indict-
ment charges violation Of the interstate
law, alleging discrimination
against ID. ]. Sharp, coal dealer in
Salt Sake City, who was forced out Of
business after he had cut prices below
'he prices charged by other dealers in
.oal.
The indictment against the represen-
atlves OF the Gould interests embraces
he Utah Fuel company, Fl. G. Will
iams, general manager of this company,
robert Forester, the company's geolo-
list, w. r.. Foster, secretary to Robert
forester, Alexander M. Cowie, general
manager OF the company's Wasatch |
tore at Sunnyside, Utah, Elroy N.
lark, the Utah Fuel company's attor-
icy at Denver, and George A. Moore,
he company's agent at Denver. They
re charged with defrauding and at
empting to defraud the United States
overnment, the charges being based on
he methods pursued in acquiring title
coal lands in Utah.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15
PROBE HILL ROADS.
Empire Builder" Is Next Candidate
for Commission Griddle-

| Washington, Dec. 10.-An 1nvestl
cation of the operations and manage
ment of the railroads controlled by
James j. Hill and associates, including
the Northern Pacific, Great Northern
and Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Is
In contemplation by the Interstate
Commerce commission. After certain
pre]iminaries have been arranged and
counsel for the commission selected,
formal announcement of the proposed
inquiry will be made.
AS in the case Of the proposed lDves-
tigation of the Southern Pacific and
Union Pacific railroads OF the Hartman
system, the inquiry is not the outgrowth
of any specific complaints OF violations
of the interstate commerce law, but II
is to be undertaken by virtue of the
general inquisitorial powers conferred
upon the commission by congress.
The inquiry will be broad and COM
prehensive, with view to ascertaining
the exact condition OF affairs regarding
the railroads compliance with the in
terstate commerce act. A member OF
the commission, in speaking of the pro-
posed inquiry, said:
''Although there has been outward
with the decree of the Su-
preme court in dissolving the Northern
Securities company, yet there has been
no difference in the rates given upon
he united system"
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

Washington, Dec. s.-Senator Per-
Rms, who talked with the president to-
DAY about the Japanese situation, claims
that the people of San Francisco have
not violated either the letter or the
spirit OF the law regarding the admis-
SION OF Japanese to schools for white
children. He said the president will
learn that the people of the Pacific
coast are unanimous in sentiment and
WIN DOW to those sentiments and short
" enter negotiations with Japan for the
exclusion of poems and coolies from this
country. ''' 'i'is
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

Butter - Fancy creamery, 27h@
s2ssc per pound.
Eggs--0regon ranch, 35@37 &c ne,
dozen.
Poultry Average old hens. 13@
~ c per pound; mixed chickens, 12is
alSc; spring, 13@14c; old ROSTERS
e'loc; dressed chickens, IA a. 15c;
turkeys, live, II "a IKE; turkeys
dressed, choice, 2i@2e5sc; geese. live
loo; ducks, l5@16c.
Fruits - Apples, common TO choice
soc zoe per box; choice to fancy. Ala
zoo; pears. sl@1 80; canberrias
sl2cel3 per barrel; persimmons, 81 so
per box. V-''V
Vegetables - Turnips, 90cGs1 per
sack; carrots, o0cta$1 per sack. heets
vi 2oCGl 80 per sack: horseradish o.
Lvc per pound; sweet potatoes, 2tSCa
2Ac per pound; cabbage, izG1 isc
per pound; caulitiower, $l.25 per doz-
en-; celery, 10000 per dozen; lettuce
mead, soc per dozen; onions, 1O@l2LscI
per dozen; bell peppers, Sc: pumpkins
'ae per pound; spinach. 4@5c ner
pound; parsley, l0@l5c; squash. la
lie per pound.
dred. ~ nun
Potatoes - Oregon Burtanks. fancy
soc@Sl; common, 75@S5o.
Wheat - Club, 65@68c: bluestano
6'@6sc; valley, e6@67c; red, CSC.
IS Oats - No. / white, $3.50 %. so.
gray, ga .50@a5.
Barley = Feed, s21@2l so per ton.
brewing, $22 so; rolled, s22 .5o@24
Rye--sl .40@1 AS per cwt.
' Corn - Whole, 500; cracked. ss7
per ton.
Hay-Valley timothy, No. /. sl1@ |
X per ton; Eastern Oregon timothy
sl4@l6; clover, s7@s: cheat, 81 .5o@
! 80; grain hay. 81 .50@s so; Alfalfa
VI 90; vetch hay, s7@7 80.
Neal-Dressed, 8 %@sI<c per pound
Beef = Dressed bulls, i a Pc ner
pound; cows, 4@5c; country steers
'@5hc. '
Mutton = Dressed, fancy, s@ec Der
bound; ordinary, 6G7c.
Pork--Dressed, 6@sc per pound.
Hops-l1@14c per pound, according
o quality.
Wooi--EasterD Oregon average best
lS'9 lse per pound, according to shrink
'ge' valley, 20G21, according to fine
less; mohair, choice, 26@2sc. |,
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

viscount Aoki Says Japanese Are
Eager for Naturalization.

Washington, Dec. 10.-Favorable ac-
ton by congress on the recommendation
of the president in his last annual mes
sage that an act be passed specifically
providing for the naturalization of Jap
anese who come to the United States
intending to become American citizens,
will go far toward securing continu-
ance of the traditional friendly rela-
tions between this country and Japan,
is the opinion ,of Viscount Aoki, the
Japanese ambassador.
"Of course" said Viscount Aoki, to-
day, "no nation likes to see its subjects
leave to take up permanent abode in
a foreign land and lose all relation with
the fatherland, but in many cases it
cannot be helped"
The ambassador expressed the belief
that there we're not so many Japanese
in this country to take advantage of
naturalization if it were granted, but
be thought that such an opportunity
should be afforded them along with the
citizens of other countries. He said he
did not think it probable that those
Japanese who were emigrating in
large number to Hawaii and the Pacific
coast would avail themselves of natur-
because of the fact that they
represented the poorer classes, and
most OF them ultimately returned to
Japan. Viscount Aoki said he had
every confidence in the outcome of the
test case which will be brought in the
California courts.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

washington, Dec. 10.-Reports have
reached the War department that . few Se
months ago great numbers of plague in.
lec'ed rats We're found in Manila. and
since then large body of professions
rat catchers have been hard at WORK 70
protect the city's health. 1t was av;
oen1 that the plague of rats injected
only two sections, and in both 81 i tho seu
districts thorough distinction was At
onee undertaken. Every house was
s: ; cleaned and all the hah-
removed. '0'i's were
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

friendly intercourse. to the Introduction Of
Am<Tican capital and the extension of Arn<ri'
that apparently Il could not be reached 81 sny
ordinary means
IL. u vas part Of Secretary Roots mission to
- just causc TO believe that he has succeeded
have just returned from trip TO Panama
he ~os .aBset sa ps = snssh liter
The destruction of the pribiIof stands far
~ pehIa g sssng vi! continues The
yation Of the fur. seals. and for y long tin<
secur< from Great Britain such revision and
ss,1s,ed e the regulations e
ihs process Of destruction has been aoceI-
rated dursnR recent years by the appearance
selagie sealing Al these vessels have not OF
ren hound even hy the inadequate limitations
ereseribed BY the Tribunal Of Paris. they have
pa'a no attention either to the close season or
70 the sixty mile limit imposed upon thr Cana
Hans and haye prosecuted their work up to
the very tslandg themselves.
We have not re1axed our efforts 10 secure an
agreement With Great Britain for adequate
protection Of the seal herd, and negotiations
with Japan for the same purpose arc IN
progress.
IN ease We arg compelled to sbandon the
rrnments 70 put end TO the hideous cruelty
po~ Incident to pelagic sealing. II will be q |
question Tor your serious consideration how
ain the seal herd on land with the result Of |
continuing such practice, and whether IL |
y rot better 20 end tho practice by extermi |
hating the herd ourselves In the most humane |
The United spi,es navy is the surest guar
ntof Of peace which this country Possesses
: i earnestly TO be wished that We would /
'foht by the teachings OF history IN this mat. |
err. strong and wise people will study its
,wn failures no less than he triumphs, for |
here II wisdom to be learned from tie study |
T both, Of the mistake we'll as Of the sue.
| do not ask that We continue 10 increase
ur navy. ask merely that II be maintained
tfs present strength and this can be done
rn3'y I we replace the .sbsolete and outworn
hips by new and good snes. the EQUALS Oh
ny aHoat in amy navy. To ston building ships
o. ono year means that for shat year he
ayy gees back instead Of forward. The old
aatflsesship Texas, for instance, would now be
little service In stand-pp fight with
owcrfuI adversary. The old doublc.turret
'onitors have outworn their usefulness, while
was waste Of money 10 build the modern
ngle-turret monitors All these ships should
T replaced by others: and this can BE- done
a, wslIsefted program Of providing for The
u'lding each year Of at least one frst-esass
aftleship equal in size and speed to any that
ny nation Is at the same time building
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

Ex-senator Brown, of Utah has
w veen snot and seriously wounded at
washington by woman he wronos =,
and refused to marry.
;, Dr. Lapponi, physician to the pone.
Inc car recently granted WHITE a
three-hours' audience. WV ="
Conditions are being SLOWLY i'm.
proved at Clifton, Ariz.. ono % A.
towns recently flooded. Soarohn-s
mud. iioiii 'ne
Secretary Metcalf proposes a national
license to corporations. -''''''
Opening of bids for Panama cana,
"ork mas been postponed.
Hughes may be supported bv Roose
Veit Tor senator from New Yori
Attorney General Moodv,s -
against the trusts have resulted !, e.
OF over 100000 being imposed and a5
many cases are still pending He sa.rs
is needed. immunity
Inc president and all officials DENY
'nat a new treaty with Japan il heinz
considered. is oeing
50 r LABOR Is SO scarce in Germany that
ia; ;a 'n Ea are talking seriously of import
Ing Chinese coolies Polt-
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

New York, Dec. s.-An underwriting
syndicate for $l5,000,000 Philippine
railway 4 per cent 30-year bonds. to be
guaranteed by the Philippine govern
ment, has been formed with William
salmon x Co. as syndicate managers
Inc thousand miles of railroad to be
puiit are distributed over the islands Of
fanay, Negroes and Cebu. Work has
peen under way since June last, when a
party of is engineers arrived in tho
rhiiippines and surveys were begun.
construction was begun in Cebu No
vember Is, and in Panay November "
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

New York, Dec. 10.-Manhattan and
Brooklyn boroughs were connected nm
oer the East river today by the piercing
OIL ,he last section which separated the
ehus OF the north tube of the tunnel of
the Brooklyn Rapia Transit extension
Inc East river tunnel extends from the
Battery to Joralmon street, BROOKLYN
IL VIII form part of the Subway RAND
transit system from Kings Bridge to
brooklyn. Electric cars of the Long
island railroad will also run through
the tunnel. At the point of connec-
eion the tunnel is rs feet under water
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

Manila, Dec. S.-A column of oon
staouiary and troops encountered a
band of Pulajanes between IaPaz ana
ierragona, ON the island of Levte be
cemoer 8. In the battle that followed
iour soldiers were killed and eight
were wounded. Among the wounded
was Lieutenant Ralph P. Yates. Jr
His wounds are not serious Tb;s...
fuialanes were killed and many wound
eo ana captured. No details of the
fight have been received. e
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

Occur d'Alene--It is stated by Wal
do G. Paine that the proposed Hayden
lake resort would begin work within
the next month, expanding about
800, 600 in Improvements. Mr.. Ohm
stead, Of Boston, the landscape garden
err and architect, will formulate the
plans for the grounds. Work will be
pushed in order to open the resort in
the early spring. The town will be
called 1.-THE Green City in the Pines"
A large boat house with launches and
rowboats will be established. A bath
house will be built upon the lake shore.
A dancing pavilion, we'll furnished
hotel and a race track will be estab-
lished The baseball players will have
a diamond. A green and white color
scheme will be carried out throughout
the resort.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

Paris, Dec. 6.-Cottonseed and cot
tonseed oil, of which there is an enorm-
GUS importation from America, are
threatened with almost prohibitory du-
Ties. The subject is being pressed, not
only as new source of revenue, but on
the demand of the olive oil industry ftr
protection against cottonseed oil. Tie
customs committee of the chamber Of
deputies has decided to propose rider
TO the budget increasing the tariff on
cottonseed to 6 francs and the duty IN
cottonseed oil to II francs per 100 kilO-
grams.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

San Francisco, Dec. 6.-Consul Hen
ry B. Miller of Yokohama, who sails for
Japan on the Siberia next Saturday, at
tended a meeting of the board of educs--
tion yesterday and was greatly surprised
10 learn that the Japanese are not being
excluded from the public schools, but
are merely obliged to attend separate
schools. 1t was also a great surprise to
MIN to learn that since 1887 San Fran
cisco has maintained separate school
Tor Chinese children.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

New York, Dec. TO- Clarence IT
Mackay, president of the Postai S IN -
grape si q Gable company, stated TODAY
lnat the board of directors Of that con
pany had passed the following resoi i,
s,oh' Resolved, That ow;nc -
changed conditions, it has been found
necessary to stop all free transm;ss;on
s - messages and this company will ali
soluteiy discontinue its free list ON ana
ai'er january l, 1907" There , nra
many franks outstanding ~ are
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15
Compromise on Shin subs,dv

Washington, Dec. s. - Compromise
on the ship subsidy bill seems to he in
sight At the meeting of the house
committee Chairman Grosvenor s srs
seSsed an amendment to the Gallineer
oiii which will limit subsidies To tba
south American and Oriental trade
Inc amended bill will be in harnon,,
with Secretary Roots policy for trade
as outlined in recent speech
es in the West. ~so''-
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1906-12-15

Boise-An interesting contest has as
sumed definite form before the state
land board. 1t involves so, 900 acres of
land lying south of the Oregon Short
Line, in the vicinity of Gooding. Two
irrigation companies are asking for its
segregation for reclamation under the
Carey act. One is the Twin Falls com
pany, which has put the great tract on
the south side of the Snake under culti-
walton and is now seeking to reclaim
tract of some $50, 900 acres on the north
side OF the river from the same dam,
reinforced with reservoir system.
The other is the Idaho irrigation
company, which plans to irrigate $780,
200 acres from system of reservoirs
for storing waters of Big and Little
Wood river. The two applications for
segregation overlap to the extent of co.
OOO acres. The matter was set for ar
gument on December 20.