Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-10-07

comrades" The astonished officers, accept
ing. arose and raised their glasses while
the queen offered q toast to the French
| army. Later when the royal automobile
left for Bourges 1t was amid the dea fening
acclamations of officers and the garrison.
Austria and Italy. In view OF their
strained relations. may confront each other
at any moment in battle. IL
Austrian will prove interesting. there
Conditions. fore. to the reader to review
their respective situations
historical, political. economical and mill
tary.
Austria Hungary. whose historical con-
ditions were recited In The Star of October
l. 1905. under the title Of ''Tribulations of
Hungary" 10 composed OF many races,
chief of which are German, Slav and Mar
var. But there exists in the empire other
groups: Italians in the Trentin, Frioul and
Istria; Roumanians in Pennsylvania and
Bukovinia, Creates separated from Hun
govinia by the Tav. The Croatians are
scattered between three cities, Agram
Ftume Gree porD and Belovar. Rudolph of
Hapsburg was elected Emperor Of Germany
in 1913. Bohemia and Hungary were in
herited and Pennsylvania added in I522-l6e9
Slovenes and Creates were annexed after
Mohaez. where Louis II OF Hungary was
beaten in battle and killed by Tolmain the
Lorraine defeated the Turks In 1859. The
first and third partitions of Poland added
Garcia In 1795. Illyria. Dalmatia. Lom-
hardy and Venice in 1910. Austria thus
occupied preponderant position In the
Germanic confederation. which was first
diminished by the loss of Lombardy In 1859
and Venice IN 1885 Crushed by the vic
| tory OF Prussia at sadowa and excluded
from the Germanic confederation In 1866,
Austria adopted q dual constitution with
Hungary and thereafter were known as the
Austro-Hungary empire. The population Of
Austria proper. exclusive Of Bosnia Herze-
Govinla. has All area Of l16,9O8 English
| square miles and population. according
| 1870
The clinical elements of the population Of
Austria on the basis Of language in 1900
was az follows.
German, e.I71@4: Bohemian. Moravian
ana slay. g. ssss 4ss; Polish. 4;2se, 49, Ru-
| and Croatian. 7l1.3SO: italian and Ladin,
| 727.1 O2; Roumanian. $780, 1858: Magyar. 95l6
The Austrian army IL based upon q COM
pulsory military service The special army,
| the Austrian laudwehr and the Hungarian
| honvedseg. the levee In mass landsturm or
| nepfolkeles.
On war footing the Austro- Hungarian
! army for field service consists Of $4,000
| 1.OOOOOO; total, 2,5SO.OOO.
The Austro-Hungarian navy Is mainly
coast defensive force, maintained in a state
| VI ulSu cluClcNCy, ana lnCluUlnR a nOtllla
Of monitors for the Danube The head
| quarters Of the fleet at Pola on the
| Adriatic.
-
The Daily Consular Trade Reports of the
Sd instant contains suggestions from the
United States consul general
American at Vienna with reference to
Relations, the trade relations between
America and Austria The
consul general says that American trade is
not properly pushed, and business is badly
handled; that American houses employed
Germans or English to transact their at
fairs; that Americans suspect the honesty
Of the Austrian merchants. The consul
general cites numerous articles for which
there Is an open door, but Americans fail
| to profit by the opportunity.
The fact Is the Americans commercial
education Is confined to insufficient schools
which are incapable Of giving him the in
struction necessary to meet the present con-
dttions. The remedy may be found In the
geographical societies in which Congress
shall become interested in the interest Of
trade development. The national govern
ment should be required to send a repre-
sentative to the monthly or bi-monthiy
meetings Of the societies. Consuls, consuls
general and ministers who have acquired
knowledge Of the commerce and language
Of the country to which they are accred-
to return to this country and, under the
surveillance and orders Of the Secretary Of
State (and II need be the Secretary of
Commerce). instructed to appear before the
purpose Of giving information upon the
commerce and industries Of the countries
whence they come The suggestion Is not
new. but Is practiced In the interest of
trade development Of every country except
our own. The writer, an active member of
the Commercial Geographical Society OF
Paris and Bordeaux, submitted the propo-
sition to organize such societies to the for
mer Secretary Of the Department Of Com
merce. He appeared before the board Of
trade Of Baltimore and outlined the scope
The board Of trade was suspicious that the
proposed society was 9 rival to boards of
trade and chambers Of commerce Not so.
1t was explained: It is only an adjunct. 1t
porate as members the one hundred thou
sand travelling statesmen who come to Bal
timore as sort Of commercial cross roads.
Some one in the board Of trade or some one
the idea, in part, with the result that Bal
timore possesses at this moment a society
which 10 partially Of the proposed charac-
snasr s ts OF the Let
Greater Washington, take note.
The history Of Italy is merged into that of
Rome, the capital once mistress Of the
world In the sixth century
Across the the last. Of the Lombard
Border. kings Is dethroned by
Charlemagne. Italy then
possessed three capitals: Rome. residence Of
the popes: Ravenna, seat Of the exarchat:
Pavia. seat Of the Lombard domination. In
the twelfth century the bloody struggle be-
tween Guelphs and Ghibellines; the French
invasion in 1894; that of Spain maintained
during two centuries. The foreign princes
imposed by the treaties Of Utrecht Q713,
Rastadt (17141 Vienna Q73s). The kingdom
Of Italy was founded in 1909. but the treaty
Of 1915 surrendered 1t to Austria, and so
remained until the Intervention of Napo-
leon Ill in 1850, who gave Italy to the King
Of Sardinia. It was an epoch for Italy
whose unity was prepared by Cavour and
definitely contaminated by Victor EN-