davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Danskeren. [volume] (Neenah, Wis.) 1892-1920, 1906-04-27
Ran innoes meb Melooien:

Ran hinges meb Mslooien:
0roslen log / Stou in flare Grille.
@amle Oanmlarf itoar paa @runoeit
1iffer,
Staar paa alippen Selus 8riltus
fat,
Oct / 5reo til ane 2anbe infer;
Som ieloitenoi9t Hi9e alori9 BRAT,
3rDblet bar bet 3ulinbaarets 5len=
Der,
8lot fprbi gprberre bar bets@runb.
Saa buert 9anb, lom 6erren ri9ti9
fenoer,
Sfal beltaatil Yeroens liolte StunO.
9anmarf er laa ifpnt ct 2ano paa
Sprben,
Oct iom Sriltenlano til Glue ltaar,
On bet o9iaa li99er belt MOP 3ors
ben,
Gar oct bog laa bejli9 lmut en- 8aar;
Oct er ri9tig al fin SUB peliignet,
9raftl9' MRno p9 apinoer Der bor,
s 9nltur meo beolte lammenli9net,
5ribeb til at bprfe 6errens Orb.
0noiot er bet runbt pmfring paa
4anoet,
5ru9tbar Marfer, itpre feoe Sgr,
90 bets lerli9' 8i9oum er blanot
onbet:
&unbtom fables for bet oanlfe
Smgr.
8i9t bet er paa lture Nv9elfupe,
Mange ifpnne Batter, Dale, Sg'r-
Wiaa boer 9anit @urberre prize, loue
Ret al Sjertet, lom fig bgr og bgr.
0anmart er ps fulo al aamle Wiin
Der,
Wian9e tapre Selte gemmer bet,
StUre Distere os Stjaloe binoer
Wteo ben oanife 9unse Sen til Sen;
Store M9nb us aunitnere upuiies,
Man9e Meno, lom fait for 8riltus
Itob,
Saaban' M9nb ifal fgrit at alt MI
prizes;
1bi / Dem Der fanbtes 6eltemuo.
Sub ban perner ltpnt ON oetteGi9e
Selo ON oct at Ger melt beitaar.
Sunoe, 8elte, 8u9te, 5joroe, 8ise,
8unbt pm 2anoet ale Se9ne naar,
9ulinoe al Sfibe bet belejler,
6anoelen meoD anmarf lioli9t 9aar;
Serrens Yeru mpo 2anbet alorio
teller,
Som Station til 8eroens @noe
itaar.
Danskeren. [volume] (Neenah, Wis.) 1892-1920, 1906-04-27

CAB mig Dag for Dag peb big
| bets Sfps9e oante.
s bit 8orS, D.l.p.
9eo bit apr5 / 8aa9en, 8gn,
blioer ieg berneoen,
til en9an9 min Haaoelgn
bliper Simmelfreoen.
s Dit 9ors o. %.
Yaa @oleatba jes ofrer alt,
iom binbrer mig | epbet,
iaa faar jes Sejer, Moo og Strait,
pg 9rolfab inbtil 0eoen
s bit aprs 0 10.
Danskeren. [volume] (Neenah, Wis.) 1892-1920, 1906-04-27
Qpsitraaler fra @oriet.
(Snoienot af 8. ". Mgaer.)
Sch aoriet.

SeIus, bulo mig ner bit aors,
Der Ell Slide rinoer,
meb aeseoum for bper EN- Siel,
ium @olgatba timber.
aur: 8 bit 8ors, / bit aors,
al min &os lfal uRre,
til jes irisjcrt &pile faar
pper Stjernez9 9re.
Deb bit aors for mig opranot
Waabens Mursenltjerne,
Der Cubs 89rlisbeo mig fanot,
% ON mig oil p9rne.
3 bit &ors, o. b.
Deb bit 8ors bDlb bet Cubs Gam
Iteble for min 9ante.
Danskeren. [volume] (Neenah, Wis.) 1892-1920, 1906-04-27
homeseckers' Excursion to the
Northwest, West and Southwest.

Via the North Western Line. Ex-
cursion tickets at greatly reduced rates
are on sale to the territory indicated
above. Standard and Tourist Sleeping
Cars, Free Reclining Chair Cars and
1.-THE best Of Everything" For date OF
sale and rull particulars apply to agents
Chicago Il North Western Rny.
Danskeren. [volume] (Neenah, Wis.) 1892-1920, 1906-04-27
9ud, @,s.

Spnoagen ben &. Ipril (Yalmez
lgnoa9) bplot Yaitor @i9 aunfir=
nation ber / Sud, bpDrpeo Z 0rer=
&c og 8 bigger befrefteoe oeres
9aabspagt. 9orsba9en / 5or=
pejen bolot ban Sperbgrin9 al
Bgrrene / &irfen / Sueru9relle at
oereS Jor9lore % andre, iom in
teres lereoe fig for at bgre, bpao
Ygrnefie baobe l9rt / ben 5io, be
baooe gaaet til aunfirmationsunz
oeroisnin9; pg oi tan life lige an=
bet, emo at De bar % / Nlminoeli9=
beo boert Nar Der er op9ti9e til at
beloare De Spgr9smaal, lom BIZ
Der rettet til Dem. Mien beri bar
bet Ell ltor 8%etDbning, iom Yaitor
Big uotrpfte fig, pg tiQi9e bar ell
9ettelle for BAN, at De belp9te
Sgnoa9situlen. 8el er Der maaite
oen, Der betragter ben times llns
oe%ruisnin9, be faar / Sgnoagslfo=
len, for liot eller intet, men bet er
MI Ell 5ejltageIie; tbi oeroeo faar
De Inleoning til at 9ennem9aa De-
res Bigger o9 beipare Spgrgsmaal
no al oeres Bigger, laa 8grnene
bar lettere peb at fatte / oeres Su=
tomprelie, boao De bar l9rt / Spn=
oa9slfolen, naar De ifal 9aa til
aonfirmatipnsi prbereoelle, eno De
bar, iom life bar bait npgen Sfole=
gang, oct er 10 ell Selpfgl9e il9r
for De 8grn, iom in9en oioere
unoeruisnin9 iaar / 0jemmet.
Wiils Gnna 8. 9inb ug 8pbart
6. Sgrenleu baobe grplup ben
Bite Marts; De bleo piet / airfen
af Yaitor Big. Gil apttel
Stuoent 5. s. Gbrlltenlen fra
Wiinneapplis, lom bar paata9et fig
at bolbe Hell9ipnslfole BIOS os /
Nar, bar / Yaalfebpitioen p9ret
@eit bus 9altor Big u9 bar tiuise
bait 2ejli9beo til at beige 5ulf
Wienigbeoen; ban talte | 8irfeu
2angireba9 % Yaalfeoas.
Manoas Mur9en ben 2. @pril,
oa Saul Gbriitenlen O9 ". &c.
Smitb / Wtiltomn fprte til Cream
~eriet, blen '0eitene, ium tilhvrte
Saul Gbriitenien, ban9e, peo at De
fprte uoer S%ernbanen, for Ell Del
5ra9t, iom bar opitablet peo Si=
ben al Yejen, % gao fig til at lube,
bporpeo Gbriitenlen falbt at Bog
men uoen at fomme til Sfaoe,
men Smitb lpran9 al 8ognen meb
ben 6pl9e, at ban tom m,oer Bog
men, pg to al Sjulene git opsr bans
Yrpit, u9 ben fgl9enoe Mor9en al
9if ban peo 9poen. Gn ung baabes
iulb Spn bvoe for eobt ct Yar
Waaneoer lioen.
Den Ste Npril blep ban unoer
flor 0eltagelie itebet til Soile paa
Wiiatown 8irfegaaro. Haltor Big
furretteoe.
Yoitmeiter Verggreen fra Git
Sorn, lum | 8inter fpbte 2anb Der
| Sud, fum BERTH meb fin 5amilie
ben 3oie Gpril, % be ipler fig nof
laa suot tilfrebs / beres npe Om=
9ipelier.
Saloun-Jolfet lejreoe | Ypen
Quf meb 8 StemmerS Wiajoritet.
So, Der er 10 benz, Der betra9ter
bet lom en- flor 5prbel for Ell Wp
at BABE Salooner, bet er 10 oenne
9icence sSfat, be betra9ter lom Ell
Climbing; men De fer Sa9en fra ben
forferte Sioe, be tenfer life pper,
bpab Wvo os Glenoisbeo, Der fin~
Der Steo | mango Sjem, % buor
mango Der bliper lpeffet paa Sjel
ug 2egem paa @runo at bisle Yeit=
buffer. Seq fuloe tente, en- Sa=
Danskeren. [volume] (Neenah, Wis.) 1892-1920, 1906-04-27
Qge 0an(6e 10ger.

Isl par moofa9et mango az De n93
Bigger. uOsiOet at airtslis ,5orening
for inbre Misiion / Danmart.
Sgtssnbs babss FOR Sioen:
l1gubeligbeoens ire Nrtitler. Mf po@
itor s. Massner. 81 Siber. 3
OmfIas &c.
paitor Ssi. gn at Norb : Rinaa
&riisns. gn 2epnebsf fiIbrins, at
6ru 9oiparb SaDtor, Misfioner T.
&ind. Operfat at poitor $. 8adee
polb. Meb 16 ginsber. 5 Sms
flag $1.10.
6oIteifole Og gprneguostjeneite. OFF
8. g. 5anfen. Meb ct Siirs-
70 Siber. S Omflag zoe.
De blioe garnbomsbase. Mf Hir~
fine Wormart. 70 Sibsr. =
Omfae zoe.
Stiber fra asbenbapn. Qf o. e.
Snbbolb: Snblebnins = Runetrf=
berfolfene = 9sterfoltene = RnnEt
tfinferen = Den flute Gattigbcm
= Den mbitiite 2eier. III Sfber
s tomponeret 8inb $1.OO.
geo ben msrte Glob. @n 5ortaflinG
fra armsnien. @f .. alcoct. po0
Oanit peb paifor Mattbisfen. 2a8
Sioer. 5 Omflas $1.00. 5 toms
poneret ginb $3.50.
Spurpen os Subs 0inie. gn Oper~
peiefie mob Sibens 0antro. 9E
paitor 8. Miiniter. s Omfl. 10e.-
Observation-Disclosures. @sbigeret of
9aralo Senien. = l. 9efte: Ifsra'
amber Macfan. gn 2~epneossesar
ming. 4S Sibsr. s OmTus 20c-
On. 2. os 8. Sefte: Some. 9ap: 3
Ifritas Snbrs. Minoer fra 3anls
beiimisfiunen. 81 Sioer. S Om=-
flag 25c.
DO. 4. Ssfte: So6n Gtfof, Snbfn=
nernes Ipoitel. Is Siber. 3 Gm=
flag 10c.
gennem Yruaofserne. 2lf @ertrup
@lmquift. 1926 Siber. s OmNa@
Doc. S fmutt 8inb SOC.
|giter Dub. Nf panip. paa OanE
peb u. g. Maofen. $50 @ibex..
s SmfIas 6Oc.
Zen nh preiesuarb. af Glitb gcr
berien. 300 Siber. 5 OmFas
soc. Stint inbbunbsn $1.20.
asff Sanb = e1sr alippegrnno. af
gliTabetb Solftein : Solfteinborg.-
ia Siber. 5 Omf1us 40c.
Roomi elIer S~Serlfalems fb1fe Dcyx.
@f Mrs. $. 9. Webb. 484 @iber.
S Omilas SOC. Stint inbb. $1.2O.
ariitus, Dor aongs, oe bans Mige.
20 bfbelffe 8etrastninser at 8iffop
@. @sbidt. = SAINT: Den tribe
lise 5ribsb og ai1ben af 9ano,
fom opp9loer til ct epist Glib. 50
prGbifener at paftor Gr. 3eutben.
Salt 50 Siber. s OmfIas 2Or-
@snnem 9ranbins,L @f ". G5Snxr-
ne. Operfat fra Gnselft. 5 Oma
flag 4Oc. Stint inbbunben 75e.
5erren er min 1ilfIust! NosIe aft
Oapibs Salmer fra MbTaIons Spgr
rsrs Sib. If q. 6. 9an1en. EE4i
Siber. s Omfas SOC.
Ten f~fsnneite Gntgbeb. gn Oysrs,rfia
elfe til 9j9lp mob 9ibens 8amfres.
@f paft. 9. Miinfter. "a Sibes.-
49, ~
Danskeren. [volume] (Neenah, Wis.) 1892-1920, 1906-04-27

flif0 eler | 0Dff, OF Der Ddf DVIel
enb bet minoite al Stranfe lat imoo
8ione8bgro oeb Sroets 5orfDnoel=
ie at ae9menb. 5 &e9len bar
Yr9iterne bait iaa me9et arbejoe,
at Sj9lp af laaoanne bar me9et
gnlteli9, ON mulig. Men Der bar
pei NOT oeret, boao man taloer
8etenfeliebeo oeo at mootage
0jelp af boem lum bellt, Der piloe
meloe fig. Do her fonmer jeg laa
ino paa nit Spn paa Sa9en i9er.
Gn laaoan Wano maa bape baaoe
9reltens u9 Meni9bebens 3iaio.
6ar ban bet, iaa blioer Der fulot
op babe of aogan9 og sejll9beo.
!San bebguer fun at fumme, naar
Der falbes paa ham. Og laa er ban
10 furpi5let ON, at ban gaaer Ser
rens gGrinbe. Wten for SUBS iii
oes Ieofommenoe f%orItaar jeg bog
9lrbejhet al ben glrt lom Summer
2. Spno je9 ioa forltoar peo
Nrbeioet Drummer | oil ieg prpoe
paa at fremitille paa min e9en
Waaoe.
8i, lpm er 5prelore, port Wien=
nelteiip, sanlte iom ui leoer bet, er
pore 8prn5 Yibel. De fan fprplloe
fla, TONNE ino | 5orpirring at
mango Slags, glemme me9et, o9s
iaa qutbers aatefismus, men bort
9io, iom be bar tenot, ifgnt lite al
tio furltaaet ret, 9lemmer De alori9
bperfen / bette eller bet tommenoe
2iu. 5relit eler iortabt = Wtins
oerne uoilettes alorig. 9ignenoe,
ON eno mere lpreot, er 5urbDloet
mellem SUBS ug Beroens Sgrn,
eller CUBS Ogrns Wennel felio er
8erbens Yprns Yibel. Oct er lom
Ell aaben Bog for Dem, be lite tan
unogan at l9le /. Wien leg peo, De
leier meget iorltelli9t, lieelom Sps
oerne 10 o9laa 9joroe uor 6erres
Seiu ariiti Mennel telip. Nogle
furltaar bet laaleoes: oisie Wiennes
tier, lom faloer fig Subs gvrn, er
pei lite altio, lpm De buroe p9re,
men be 9gr bog, boao oi burbe 9g'
re, nemlis ig9e CUBS 8ige. 5or
iaaoanne Wienneiter fan Der p9re
0aab ON Omuenoelie % 5relle,
furoi be er al Sanobeo. SAB ps
faa Dem meo Iaa mango lom mt
ligt. Uliper be lite SUBS 0grn /
Dag, maalfe iaa / Wlor9en. @uo
alene peo oct. Wten Der er andre,
iom alori9 leoner SUBS Vgrn ell
9r9pl bperten at 99re eller Get.
5or benz er Smpenoelle plltnof
panltelig. Der er after andre, lon
pmIioer opr meb ct olRpellt Grin
til Ypn ON Naaoe. Wian tan bell
Ter lite beoe for laaoanne, tbi pei
liaaanoen oil life. 3 boor 9ple-
liat, Wtenneltet ogr 9anlfe roli9t
oelastissjort 0jeoelens Ratur %
Y9Ien. @r bet laaleoes, at 8uoS
Yprns Sip / 8runoen er be pantros
Yibel, bpor oprebar maa Do Dor
8etenoelle at berren / aio, Oms
99n9elle % 1ale p9re BAN. %
oejli9e 9gfter bar ban 10 tnDttet til
ben, boilfet ui tan l9le hos Wiattb.
10, 80. 80. 3a belle bette &apitel
banoler ON CUBS Vgrns Wenne'
Ifelip. Yi leper bel lite unoer laiil=
me aaar, lum bans 9ilciple ben
Sang, men bog ll9nenoe, o9 5or@
anorin9en oil lite blipe ltor tyr
Sfilsmisiens Dag. vi bprer til
ben famine Slot al SUBS Sgrn,
SUBS Miges 5ruster blioer tenoes
li9e hos oS | 9ale % Gang, men
l9rli9t ba / Ygn og Mrbejoe. Wten
bet beolte at alt er bog = Serren
arbejber meo, % bans Nrbejoe er
inberli9 tnpttet til Dor Ypn % port
arbejoe, % bet er Ell 9rpit, iom
itprfer pS me9et til Epelle / 1aal'
muoigbeo.
Yeter 9erfelien.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-16

that short careers in Parliament by no
means imply oblivion. The name Of Ham
iIton survives by virtue OF q single epeech.
Charles Townshend lives by another. Arch
bishop MaEee, though he delivered other
speeches that were notable. maintains his
renown by a famous grafton on the discs
Establishment Of the Irish Church. Hawkins
was long remembered for q striking eYor
on tho Reform bill. Then, again, the single
session OF 1899 was at once the occasion amt
the term Of Robert loves oratorioal splen-
dor,
Parliamentary hfe lasted SIX y~ear-from
1880 till his resignation. His son say
in the life. that the speeches made by hs
father outside OF the House from 1887 t.
1890 were the best in tanner and command
he over made.' Lord Rosebery's commens
is that whatever else these speeches may
have been they cannot be called successful.
whereas the speeches from 1880 to 1889 were
an almost unbroken series Of triumphs.
After his resignation OF the Chanceliorship
OF the Exchequer Lord Randolph spoke
without sclf-~conffdenoe or authority or
satisfaction to himself. He told his friends
that the reason be spoke In h country was
that he could no longer speak in the House
of Commons. There he had no followers
and few friends and was treated with I'M
kindness and mistrust. On the other hand,
during the ak years from 1880 to 1896 he
gained signal victories In Parliament, IN the
country and in the councils OF his party,
In that brief period be captured the eau
Gus, upset his leader md gained the ear and
attention OF the nation. Somehow. never
thelees, all these victories proved i~rlitless
and barren. When he had overthrow bis
leader in the House OF Commons (sir Stat
ford Northoote) he could occupy but not
retain the place. The ear and attention Of
the nation seemed % rave availed him but
little when he needed them most. -He
was,- a. his son says, a Chancellor OF the
Exchequer without a budget, a leader Of
the House OF Commons but for . single ses-
sion, a victor without h spoiis.'
In Lord Rosebery's opinion. however, this
is not the whole truth. Even though his
promise was unfulflled Lord Randolph
Churchill will be remembered "a n OF the
most meteoric of Parliamentary figures. a.
the shooting star OF politics, as a who
when in ONCE strove for a broad and en-
lightened policy, TO which he pledged his
faith and his career. He will also be pa
thetically memorable, Lord Rosebery thinks,
for the dark cloud which gradually enveloped
him and in which he passed away. He
was the chief mourner at his own pro-
tracted funeral. a public pageant OF gloomy
years. WIN he not be remembered a. much
for the anguish ss for the feeting triumpbs
OF his Iife2" Our author adds: 1T is a
black moment when the heralds proclaim
the passing OF the dead and the great on
GERS break their slaves. IL is a moment
sadder still when IL Ia the victims own voics
that his decadence, when 1t IL
the victims own hands that break Ines star
in public"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-16
LAST or THE SCHAGHrTcOKEs.
C~snnecucuts Only Remssnfns Indian Tribe
Fast Dwfndllng.

KENT, Conn, Dec. i6-The Schagh-
ticokes, the last Indian tribe Of Connecticut.
are fast becoming extinct. According
to the last census only twenty-five mem
bers of the tribe remain on their farms
on the barren hills hcreaboutsg Perhaps
seventy others are scattered In other parts
of the State.
The tribe wasfounded more then 100 years
ago by a Peauot, Gideon Mauwehu, a wan
derng Indian who hailed from Derby
and who travelled into New York State
to make a new settlement. On his way
homo again he got into the hills Of Kent
and settled there. He gathered about him
a tribe OF 200 members or more, consisting
OF Mohegans from the Hudson Valley and
Waramaugs from New Milford.
As long az the Moravtsn missionaries
dwelt among them and taught them they
~prospered, but soon the white settlers
began to circulate stories that the mis-
~sionaries were aming the Indians TO fight
the whites. Then the New York Legis-
lature passed a law requiring the mis-
sionaries to hind themselves by oath not
to ngage in any such practice.
To take such an oath was contrary tn
the religious belief Of the Moravians, and
therefore the missionaries packed up bag
and baggage and left for their old home
at Bethlehem, Pa. Many Of their Indian
followed them 10 Pennsylvania
and the nh was weakened.
In 1852 the Connecticut Ia legislature gave
to the Sohaghticokes a grant OF Ian In these
hills n appointed an overseer for thernI
for they had already become incapable OF
managing their own affairs. Little by
little the land has been sold on and their
naNVnAAwa kn.aA A.fuALaA
Now the remnant Of the tribe just supply
their immediate needs by raising vege-
tables on their stony farms and making
baskets to sell to surnmer ~visitors. The
belplessness of the tribe was shown back
in I'LL when the chief counsellors sem THE
appeal for help to the Connecticut General
Assembly.
We poor intins at Scstcuk in the town Of
Kent. We desire to the most honsbIe Semblv
at New Haven. We are very much pressed
by the Nepawaus people prsking out fences
and our gates and turning their cattle in our
gardens and destroying our fruits the loss
of our good friend four years ago whioh We
desire for q mother ovsrseer in his sted to tax.
Care OF us and see that we are not ronTed by
the people we make choice Of Elisha Swift OF
Kent to be our trustee II IL he plessin 10 your
minds.
Elisha Swift eviden tly pleased the Cen
eral Assembly. for he landed tho place.
In the last century the personal property
Of the tribe has decreased In value about
81 900 and h now worth only t3SrI.
Many Of the Older members Of thu tribe
still cling 10 the old Indian custom OF gather
ing and smoking lobelia, termed Indian
tobacco by the Yankee schoolboys. But
q few Of the younger members nave taken
70 cut plug and other varieties OF smoking
tobacco.
The oldest member Of the tribe 10 Value
KiIa0n. UIe6 a WpAYa Ha has nlKagn
favored schools, and to his score Of childreD
he gave the hest education the land Afforded
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-16
A BIRDS CHRISTMAS TREE.
Bed n Up Outside tho Window and Hang
Buet I'm the n snches,

Why not nave a Christmas tree for shs
birds this winter? We put up such a tree
every year, ssys a writer In 6Nbuyban Lys
We made a broad shelf outside the win.
dow and fastened . small pine tree firmly
upon Il.
A winter draws near, We fasten aprar
pieces OF suet to trees about the botrs and
scatter chat and hayseed In the yard 10 brin.
the birds about. They soon gather TO the
feast.
Then when Il 10 almost Christmas tim
we pm up our birds tree and supply il
literally with suet. We cover the she,
with burlap, which helps 70 hold the char
We scatter there.
The birds soon find this food, and az thu
supply 10 constantly renewed, the window
becomes their favorite rssors, particularly
in snowy weather, when their usual far
10 hard TO obtain. Jays, c~hickadees, nut
patches, woodpeckers, snowbirds, song
sparrows, tree sperrows, and myrtle warh.
lers come to the Christmas tree.
II they are shy az first we use q lace sssh
curtain, for they cannot SO through the.
while they are plainly vtaibie from within
II can BE- removed WHOM they have bs~o--
accustomed 10 window feeding.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-16

actually embodied in the art Of government.
His method was based upon obser walton,
analysis and induction. With remorseless
accuracy and with undisturbed cousoience
he reduced to formulas the principles
adopted by those who in his time had
achieved political success II now We turn
90 the end which Machiavelli had in view
we find that he object he hoped to attain
by ppopoundink his science Of successful
government was the redemption OF Italy.
which in his day might fairly be described
as a body without a head, a captive and a
slave, bruised, d~espoled, lacerated, raw
aged and subjected to every kind Of sfnic-
ton. The deliverer who would rescue her
from her abyss Of ruin must possess, MachiA-
vslli thought, the qualities OF the prince de-
scribed by him. It in u~ndisputed that
THE Prince" is the portrait OF Cesare Borgia.
who knew how to be -~gloriously wicked
and whose crime has something OF gran
deur All nobility In it, Re~prehensible a.
his whole career seems TO US. Maohiaveui
dwells upon the fact that he had given
Romagna a brief period Of peace n unity,
had destroyed only his opponents, and had
not been more cruel than the Republic OF
Florence had shown itself toward Pisa n
Pistoia. Above all, he had come nearer
than any one else to the realization OF the
dream Of Italian nationality, 30 dear TO
Maohiavelli, who had studied during Co.
sare's campaigns that -ferocity. courage
and shrewdness' which but for the sudden
death Of Cesare's father Pope Alexander W.,
and his own illness would, Machiavelli be-
lieved. "hsve triumphed over every di6a-
Guilty"
1t is obvious that Machiavelli il n OF
the men who have builded better than they
knew. The fact is distinctly brought out
in the work before us. In composing an
esoteric doctrine for the guidance of the
Medicis Ito whom the book was dedicated)
he became unconsciously the Legislator OF
ambition" for all succeeding centuries
II was not, however, for the occult Use OF
princes alone that he disclosed the secret
formulas of absolute power and the false
assumptions on which it rested. In laying
bare the inner mechanism of princely pre-
fences he was also preparing a manual
for future revolutions, which found in this
exposition OF the principles OF despotism a
justification for the overthrow OF all su-
thority based upon them. Thu Machia-
velli, whose doctrines nave been held re-
sponsible for a political system which he
had analysed and expounded, but which
later ages were TO find intolerable. served
at last to reveal the false ~postulates upon
which that system had been based and TO
indicate the methods by which 1t was to be
attacked. By ~epitomizing systematically
the theory Of personal ~despotism Machia-
velli made an important contribution 20
its final overthrow.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-16

Piles whatsoever. The will OF the prince, there
fore. became the source of law, both for
his own people and In his relations with
other rulers.
In many ways the circumstances OF the
sixteenth century tended powerfully to
CONFIRM the royal authority in every Eu-
ropean monarchy. In Spain tina authority
was aided by the Holy Inquisition; In Eng
land by q strong reaction against conspir-
acies for the overthrow Of the existing mon
arch; in France by the effect OF the civil wars
which threatened 10 dismember the nation.
What was most important 20 the interna-
tional development OF Europe Ia that IL was
amidst these dangers that were elaborated
those theories Of the nature OF the State and
the prerogatives Of the monaruh upon which
the political system OF Europe has been
erected. II was in 1879 that Jean Bodin pub
lshed at Paris his famous work Ia Repub-
liquc.' the classic textbook on the nature
OF sovereign States. What Is II which, ac-
cording to Bodin. serves az the foundation
OF u Slater Inherent. he says, In the essence
Of an independent political community is
the attribute Of neutrality-suspicious.,
indivisible, inalienable. He who represents
It is the source OF all law. There IL no one
above him or beside him TO command or
control him. Sovereignty, being absolute,
admits OF no limitation within the State;
being indivisible, it cannot be shared or
partitioned; being ~inalienable, IL cannot
be lost or taken away.
DR.. Hill shows that in offering to the world
this conception, based on the omnipotence
Of French monarchs like Francis L.. Bodin
was well within the limits OF historic facts.
What he did was simply to d~isengsge from
it's concrete setting the central, essential
and fundamental idea OF sovereignty, upon
which has been erected, with certain modi-
hcations, the present political system OF
Europe and the whole structure OF modern
international law. With the formulation
Of this conception OF the sovereign State as
a legal reality, jurisprudence found a new
field Of labor and diplomacy a domain In
which it was soon to be supplied with new
elements Of practice. The principle OF
sovereignty enunciated by Bodin, placing
as it did the sovereign above and beyond
the reach OF all authority. made him the
sole judge OF his own rights and prefoga-
tives. Within his realm he sovereign
prince was thus made absolute; but even
beyond it he Possessed by virtue OF his
sovereignty one exclusive privilege-that Of
being represented by Ambassadors.
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