The sun., 1906-12-05


the use OF corporate wealth In interstate
business, to devise legislation which with
out such action shall attain the desired end I:
but II this fails, there will ultimately be no
alternative to a constitutional amendment.
TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.
It would be impossible to overstate
Though it is OF course difficult quantita-
lively to measure) the effect upon a nations
growth to greatness Of what may be called
organized patriotism, which necessarily
Includes the substitution Of a national
feeling for mere local pride, with as a re-
sultant high ambition for the whole coun-
try. No country can develop its full
strength so long as the parts which make
up the whole each put a feeling Of loyalty
to the part above the feeling OF loyalty TO
the whole. This is true of sections and 1t is
just as true Of classes. The industrial and
agricultural classes must work toge ther,
capitalists and wageworkers must work
together, II the best work Of which the coun-
try Ia capable In to be done. 1t is probable
that thoroughly efficient system OF educa-
tion comes next to the influence Of patriotism
in bringing about national success OF this
kind. Our Federal form OF government,
so fruitful OF advantage to our people IN
certain ways, in other ways undoubtedly
limits our national effectiveness. 1t Is not
possible, for instance, for the national
Government to take the lead in technical
industrial education, to see that the public
school system OF this country develops on
commercial sides. This must be left pri-
marily to the several States. Nevertheless,
the national Government has control OF
the schools OF the District of Columbia.
and encourage the fullest development OF
the scholars in both commercial and In
dustrial training. The commercial training
should in one OF its branches deal
with foreign trade. The industrial training
is even more important. 1t should be one
a n
feasible, constantly to work toward put
ting the mechanic, the wageworker who
works with his hands, on a higher plane OF
efficiency and rev ard, 20 as to increase his
effectiveness in the economic world and
the dignity, the remuneration and the
power of his position in the social world.
Unfortunately, at present the Ell ect OF
some OF the work in the public schools Ia
in the exactly opposite direction. IL boys
and girls are trained merely In literary 40
oomplishments, to the total exclusion OF in
dustrial, manual and technical training, the
tendency is to unfit them for industrial
work and to make them reluctant TO 60
into Il or untitled to do well IL they do 60
be strenuously combatted. Our industrial
development depends largely upon tech
nical education, including in this term all
industrial education, from that which fits
man to be a good mechanic, a good car
penter or blacksmith, TO that which fits a
man to do the greatest engineering feat.
The skilled mechanic, the skilled workman,
can best become such by technical indus
trial education. The far-reaohing useful
ness of institutes Of technology and schools
OF mines or OF engineering is now uni
versally acknowledged, and no less far
reaching Ia the effect OF q good building
or mechanical trades school, a textile or
Matchmaking or engraving school. All
such training must develop not only man
ual dexterity but industrial intelligence.
In international rivalry this country does
not have to fear the competition of pauper
labor as much as it has TO fear the edu-
and we should have the education Of the
hand, eye and brain which will fit us TO
meet such competition.
In every possible way We should help
the wageworker who tolls with his hands
and who must 1--WE hope in a constantly
increasing measure) also toll with his brain.
Under the Constitution the national Legis-
lature can do but little Of direct importance
for his welfare save where he is engaged
in work which permits it to act under the
Interstate commerce clause Of the Consti-
tuition; and this il one reason why l so
earnestly hope that both the legislative
and judicial branches Of the Government
will construe this clause Of the Constitution
in the broadest possible manner. We can,
however, in such matter as industrial
training, in such q matter as child labor
and factory laws, set an example to the
States by enacting the most advanced legis-
lation that can wisely be enacted for the
District Of Columbia
AGRICULTURE.
The only other persons whose welfare
is as vital to the welfare of the whole coun-
try as Ia the welfare of the wageworkers
are the tillers Of the soil, the farmers. IL is a
mere truism to say that no growth Of cities,
no growth Of wealth, no industrial develop
ment can atone for any falling of in the
character and standing OF the farming
population. During the last few decades
this fact has been recognized with ever in
creasing clearness. There Ia no longer any
failure to realize that farming, at least in
certain branches, must become a technical
and scientific profession. This means that
there must be open to farmers the chance for
technical and scientific training, not tneo-
retical merely, but Of the most severely
practical type. The farmer represents
a peculiarly high type of American citizen
ship, and he must have the same chance to
rise and develop as other American citizens
have. Moreover, it rs exactly as true OF
the farmer as it Is OF the business man and
the wageworker that the ultimate success
Of the nation Of which he forms a part must
be founded not alone on material prosperity
but upon high moral, mental and physical
development. This education Of the farmer
self f-education by preference, but also
education from the outside, as with all
other men-is peculiarly necessary here in
the United States, where the frontier CON-
ditions, even in the newest States, have
now nearly vanished, where there must
be a substitution Of a more intensive system
Of cultivation for the old wasteful farm
management, and where there must be a
better business organization among the
farmers themselves.
Several factors must cooperate in the
improvement OF the farmers condition.
He must have the chance to be educated
in the widest possible sense-in the sense
which keeps ever in view the intimate
relationship between the theory of educa-
ton and the facts Of life. In all education
we should widen our aims. 1t is a good
thing to produce a certain number of
trained scholars and students; but the
education superintended by the state must
seek rather to produce a hundred good
citizens than merely one scholar. and it
must be turned now and then from the class
book to the study of the great book OF
nature itself. This is especially true OF
the farmer, as has been pointed out again
and again by all observers most competent
to pass practical judgment ON the problems
Of our country life. All students now
realize that education must seek TO train
the executive powers Of young people and
TO confer more real significance upon the
phrase, dignity OF labor" and to prepare
the pupils 80 that, in addition to each de-
Veloping in the highest degree his indi-
vidual capacity for work, they may to-