Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1906-1908, 1906-05-18

ton, these nave been or slight I'M
portance.
Authentic Data Needed.
Before the student Of earthquakes
can say certain district is likely to
be free from seismic tremors a great
deal more authentic data must be ac-
quircd As it is, all that can be said
OF any section of the country IS that
1t has or has not been frequently
shaken. The cause of the Charleston
earthquake, for Instance, has not yet
been determined, but it is true that in
recent years the origin of many earth
quakes has been discovered. Many
others. however, cannot be accounted
for with certainty.
Seismology, like meteorOIogy, is not
yet far enough advanced to announce
any invarlable laws. 1t had been the
opinion that serious earthquakes never
occurred on low lands which had a
gentle gradient into the sea. The de-
struction Of Charleston, while not null
lifying this principle, at least showed
that it was not to be considered as in
mountainous districts In which earth
quakes are of great rarity and in which
devastating shocks are unknown in
historic times.
Scientific Study Recent.
While earthquakes nave been noted
for the last 5000 years. they have been
made the subject of scientific study for
only comparatively recent time. Many
circumstances are responsible for this
delay In attempting to collect and col
late data in a systematic manner. One
of the chief causes was the absence
of an instrument to record the move
ments and duration of the seismic ire
mors. The invention of the seismo
graph has made possible the important
progress of late years. 1t records every
earthquake, no matter IN what part of
the world 1t Is central, for every earth
quake is felt all over the surface of
the earth but when it Is thousands of
miles distant the waves are not per-
cepible excepting to the delicately bal
anced instrument designed to respond
to the most feeble pulsation.
Another valuable contribution to the
science has been the tables Of the dis
trihution of selsmicity prepared by De
MonteSsus de Ballore. In these tables
the observations have been brought
down to the year 1897 in those districts
in which seismic occurrences have been
most frequent and best observed. They
include all earthquakes recorded in his
toric times, and list total of 131, 292
quakes and 10,499 epicentres, or points
OF origin. The records, naturally, are
incomplete but sufficient data are given
to show that earthquakes are of great
frequency, and that practically they
occur in every part of the world. The
tables also show markedly that GER
tain parts of the world are especially
liable to be shaken, while in others
seismicity is rare or at least infrequent.
Great Circle of Fire.
The so-called great circle Of fire.
around the Pacific Ocean is. found to
produce the largest number of record
ed earthquakes. In Central California
alone there were observed between 1860
and 1897 no fewer than 1,096 earth
Quakes at 113 epicenters. Dwarf. Japan
is much more frequently shaken, 1856
shocks being recorded at As epicentres,
or an average frequency Of 24.14. The
mean average of frequency at Toxic,
however, is 1926. the highest average
in the world. 1t should be remember