The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-08-05
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

DN--'s 49, t'S
Of the FYrnoh Revolution and hts career was "a
brief az II was glorious. A commander OF Moreaus
left wing In tho retreat through the Black Forest,
he held the fortress Of Kehl against the Austrians
for two months. His fortress was reduced TO little
more than q heap OF broken stone, but he resisted
every attack and yielded only when his ammunition
was wholly spent. Accompanying Bonaparte on
the Egyptian campaign no won the upper Nile
from tho Mamelukes under Murad Bey and ruled
so Justly that the Egyptians felt II an honor 10
havo been conquered by him, At Marengo his
timely arrival. ard entirely on his own initiative.
saved the day for BonSparte, although II cost Dessix
his life. shot at the head OF his troops In their over
whelming charge.
Jurien La Graviere, secretary Of. the French
Navy. was a nephew OF one OF the captains In the
navy OF the Revolution. He saw service In Chinese
waters AZ n commander and was promoted 10 his
oaptaincy therefor. in 1851 he was In command
Of the French column In Mexican waters which
wrested from Juarez the convention OF La Sole
dad. While he had carried to q successful end
his Instructions as they read he had not exc
cuted the real purpose Of the French Govern
ment, For this the convention was rejected and
Jurien was relegated TO . sort OF retirement, album
dant In promotions TO the various grades OF Ad-
miral and lavish in decorations. but mono the less
bare OF actual naval service. In tho Prussian war
he received no command, but he was able 70 hold
back the mob at the gate OF the Tuneries long
enough 10 enable tho Empress Eugfnie TO make
her escape. He wrote freely on naval topics both
historical and technical.
When per peine forte ct dure grammar as
liberal ART was pressed into my system In q little
red schooihouse on q bleak Connecticut hill, ! was
ssdulo,sly INSTRUCTED in TIE uses Of the srotsme,
and The di%rss cs, AND ao The ] E@,sillsnet,is; ,, which mS ltss
n; g s Al: " ss,s j Ss ": ' Ssss i. 'r EARN j FL Z + +,
any good to learn punctuation any more
GEORGE EDWARD wHrTT1hsrY.
BY q scandalous shifting of tho burden Of au-
thority nobody punotuates any more, IL Is all thrown
upon the printer 10 do his best. In the an pre-
sentative the custom yaries. Some ofices insert
q comma after every NTH word close punctuation.
others after the seventh. which 10 open or free pune
tuation. The nance hero recorded are mostly
all forgotten: they send one 70 the dictionary TO
Identity them. Tho eroteme Is tho crooked little
thing that asks tho question:. the ecphoneme 10
the mark OF exclamation. the diesis Is the double
dagger aud the gulllemets are the quotation marks.
The latter arc the names now commonly employed.
Readersfo for the press, whose faithful though rarely
recognized work is done under maddening con-
ditons Of noise. foul air and reckless speed, have
4 rough and ready terminology OF their own which
may be illustrated thus within the crotcRets:
" topen doublel Cesar. 'tstarl said to Antony
fdouble dagl [open singlel Who are you, tquery]
Begonei t~cxclamationl tcloso singlel " fc.ose
doublel. Even exclamation Is too long for nightly
wear. and II Is commonly dubbed club" Shout"
"screamer- or even "begosh." Such is the work.
ing dialect Of the only practical punctuators.
h,y, ..., IN. ,,atemen, ,onevb.r. in min,
. "n'' seon ~ a,emen = y" pun
greater than that OF Berlin. il this . fact,
J. n. SMITH.
the 1900 census date the foreign born popula-
ton Of New York city credited TO Germany was
62, s4s. Tho population of Berlin December j,
iaos was oss 600. That New York ia A greater
GermanIo city than this figure shows ia to be ac-
counted for by the mass of Germans not original
Immigrants. hut one rene ration removed from the
VOYAGE. Thus are reached these figures OF Ger.
manic population In the whole city:
c.m.n nou NJ, az,
-. sss az,
-. 80 ,..,,. ro,har RIA
$3.50 na,h., ns,,,. ,s,n.r o. ma 80.
$3.50 ...h.s - rno,h., % 100
-. -, $500 ,.,h.r "a seo ono 70.
-
rn. ,.,, ,,os,
NV. 60 " 80
~ i" ~ " ns "'a. :,
enS 'nsno uu,pI"'~e a..
eI", ~
no'laAn' enu 90 HSn,s. - So e',nnnt.r
cssm.,in " W De-, r.,,rD IN. nat. ~ n.y..
.or. ~ c.rrp,n h,r,h New worry b.. n ureoter al,
c.rmsn non,ia,,on Than INV clty n, m. en- n,re
..csn, Rsr,,n Hamhure Munich Ir,n,,v BrcslaI
Dr.odap and rolnuna
Are the pansy and the violet entirely dinerent
or Is the pansy q cultivated violet,
GEORGIA l.. DwELLB.
- ,o.,. ,,..
q ou'e' oo'ohioai u Nv pahss 80 ''o'e''
since II has been classed for structural reasons
In the genus Viola. The genus embraces some
hundred sn.c,es mos, NJ them he,no INDIGENOUS
w ~. nor,psrn ,.nn.r, ,on. ,tr,o. ha"'ns ~
10 the northern temperate zone, africa having 'wo'
Australia and New Zealand eight and South Amer
lea thirty. But In a popular sense. such as Is lndi-
$3.50 IN ~. on..,,on ~. n,nsy Ana IN. ,,o., =
Gated IN !ne question, 'ne pahsy ana the Violet are
distinct. for the common blue, or the far more fra
grant white violets do not yield pansies by any
smount NJ selection and cultivation The wud
"n , " 80 ~ u Wv
original OF the pahsy 10 'io'a tr'coior' a naive OF
Europe, The cultivated variet ties are highly arti-
bcial and unstable and II is a matter of great un.
osr,.,n,v iu., vh,t sor, NJ . now.r viii nrooesd
eo''H.N Jus, ~.a' y = u a no~ei WIZ p'oveeu
from Inc SEED OF any variety uhder ooserVation'
Many pansies are hybrids as well. a frequent cross
unon the trlcolor being Viola aItaica. A hardy variety
49,, ~. .o,d b,,,,,nd. ~ r.s,.rn S,har,. '
from n co'u n'sh'ahus VI "e''efh "'ocfia'
c.. p.-,.-...-J u, yo,r .o,,,,, 7 ,.,. -...
:" 49, : ~s'e m
leter signed In concerning the late Gen. burge-
vine, at one time soldier OF fortune and In COM
mand of tho Chinese Army. Mr.. Seward. Secretary
-, c,.,. a, ,,a ,,m. ~ ~. r., n,na r.ha',.. 80
u q. u 'nne y !. ia',pns 'eoei!.on, anu
who was at one time In CHINA. ! think as Minister.
stated TO Gen. Burgevlne's niece. who was at Mr..