The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-05-19

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AMI bthrr evidences N an old civilization
IN Camprrhr there are paved fttda IN
Uuereiafo there afe fortified hills pyri-
mi,ia, burial mounds and ruins IN Vera
cruz Il,ere are temples, s%epulchres, ruins,
rock carvings, a%qieiucts and suhterrunr1n
ahrinps N1catan Ia notably rich VI In remains
and relirs In fact there II not one ~ tho
twcnty-scyrn states " Meticr In Witch, nn
more ~ Ipas extensive scale and In greater
W. lrsa variety. there h1s not been found
the hnndiwork ~ n rrople whcsc occupation
n Mcsico long nntctatcs the arrival u tho
Spaniarda.
Cortes landed AZ Vera Cruz In 1910, For
3O years Spain ruled Mexico in the same
manner that shc ruled her other colonial
possessions, for the benefit ~ Spain and
Spa anil SPANS colonies were regarded
only M tributaries to the mother country,
and the conquered people became little eIsa
than slaves to the conquerors. Vet with
IL all there was among the people an upward
development which eliminated in revolt
and the overthrow ~ Spanish authority.
The flag Of revolt was raised on September
~ lNli, Dll ln'leUtnuttl't Wdb INV piVN
claimed until February q, 1921, On Sep
TENDER % Of that year Iturbide made his
triumphal entry into the capital. The
next sixty years marked a period Of almost
incesslnt domestic warfare, during which
the land was drenched In blood and com
paratively little progress was made. Then
came Mexico's strong man Poririo Diaz.
Under the rule Of this large minded states
man Mexico has become a new land. He
introduced sweeping and practical reform
measures, increased revenues without seri-
ously increasing the burden Of taxation,
and set on foot plans for the development
Of national resources. He maintained
peace at home and established friendly
relations with foreign Powers. The results
Of the new policy were soon apparent.
Diaz saw that political peace and industrial
prosperity were alike dependent upon rail-
way communication In 1875, two years
before the first election Of Gen. Diaz, Mexico
had only about $50 miles of railway. Twenty
years later she had nearly 1000 miles, and
she has to-day approximately 10000 miles
Much Of this work has been done by a costly
system of subsidies, but there can be no
question of the wisdom Of the investment.
Aside from the effect OF the railways or the
industrial growth Of Mexico, without them
it would AVE been practically impossible
for President Diaz to put into effect those
political reforms which have converted the
country from a land Of almost uninter-
rupted domestic war into a land OF peace
and la and order.
In its area Mexico is a little more than
one-fourth as large as the United States.
It's population to-day is probably not far
from 10 600 900. About 20 per cent. OF this
number may be classed as white, about as
per cent. mixed, and the remainder Indian.
There are now resident in Mexico probably
not far from 10000 people from the United
States, and nearly, if not quite, 81, 1000 from
, England and continental Europe.
A large part Of Mexico il table land, lying
at an elevation Of from 1000 to 5000 feet
| above sea level. There are two mountain
| ranges, which follow generally the coast line
! on the e1sa and on the west. Between these,
and breaking the expanse of table land,
lie intermediate ranges and spur ranges
of irregular formation. There are some
fifty mountains and volcano peaks whose
height exceeds 1000 feet, while Popocata-
petl and Orizaba exceed 1900 feet. The
climate varies with the altitude. The
| lower coast regions show a temperature
ranging from rs degrees to 100 degrees.
At from 5000 to 5, 900 feet altitude the mean
temperature is from go degrees to 10 de-
grees, with little variation. Some have
called these districts the regions Of eternal
spring. The mean annual temperature of
the City of Mexico, which lies at an altitude
of about 1900 feet, is about that Of eastern
North Carolina, although the range Of
temperature in Mexico City is very much
less than that of the vicinity of Charlotte
or Wilmington.
Mexico's ~resources are 80 vast and varied
that it is by no means easy to place them
in the proper order of their real importance.
At present, when measured by export
values, the order stands: Mining, agri-
culture, animal products, manufactures.
This of courss eliminates production for the
home market. An estimate on the do
nestle trade basis would change the order.
Total exports for the fiscal year 1905 were
| valued at SOL tic, 900 in American gold.
OF this sum SIS per cent. was represented by
mineral products, 2s per cent. by agrioult-
ural products, S per cent. by animal prod