The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-10-14

were taxed on window glass, and as many federalists were shareholders and house. holders, they resented the imposition of these taxes.
 While matters stood In this condition the legislature Of Kentucky passed a series of resolutions declaring the alien and se- dition laws unconstitutional, Virginia passed similar resolutions, and proceeded to set forth three important propositions = the power of the federal constitution to bind the states; that congress had exceed ed its authority in passing the seditlon law, and that nulliflcation was the remedy for these grievances, Many years after 1t was discovered that Jefferson had written the Kentucky resolutions, and Madison the Virginia series.
 With John Adams fell the federal party. and with the election of Thomas Jeffer- son the republican party, or, as It was then generally called, the democratic par ty, assumed control
 As n party the federalists passed oht of existence, but the spirit of the party last ed long after, and to that spirit Is due some of the noblest and most patriotic legislation ever enacted. It was that spir- 1t which animated John Marshall in his Interpretations of the constitution, an in lCi iDICttiliOl lllAl puL int COISliluliOH Ou a high road instead of railroad.
 Thomas Jefferson was elected in 1901, and served two terms During that time many obnoxious laws were repealed and others expired. The Louisiana purchase was made, by which nearly two million square miles of territory was acquired for $150 ,0O0.
 During Jefferson's second term the po- IitiaaI T,ar rf V fAra lrrn cans formally adopted the name demo- crats, and has been so termed ever since.
 The phrase, "Jeffersonian democracy" is. often used to express the doctrines of the democratic party of today, but the ques- ton arises whether these modern doctrines are truly Jeffersonian.
 Jefferson was opposed to national debt, to an army and navy He believed in state rights so far as internal government was concerned. He favored strict con- struction of the constitution and govern ment by the majority of the people
 Although Jefferson advocated strict con- struction of the constitution while he op- posed Hamilton and Adams, his views on that and many other questions were con- siderably changed or modified when he be- came President. The Louisiana purchase was, according to his own teachings direct violation of the constitution The embargo legislation of 1897 was Jeffersons s recommendation.
 Madison, the friend of Jefferson and a staunch believer in his teachings, built a navy, raised an army and fought the war of 1872. To carry on the war he raised revenue by the imposition of heavy tar il. upon all imported goods, and at the end of the war the United States was stronger and better than at the beginning
 As soon as peace was declared the em- bargo was removed, and all manner of in- ported merchandise was flooding the eoun- try. The people saw their own industries, which had sprung up during the war, se- riously threatened, and he called upon the government to protect by tariff laws what the embargo during the war had protected In 1s16 William Lowndes of South Caro- lima introduced and passed 8 bill to that effect in congress. imposing a 20 per cent duty on imported goods. This was not done for revenue purposes, but for protec- ton, and under it industries sprung up and f1ourished.
 The southern states were particularly in favor of this tariff, as they proposed to manufacture the cotton as we'll as grow it.
 In continuation of Jefferson's policy came James Monroe elected in 1877, and served two terms. The admission of new