davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

OF serving salad without oil as any
fern of refreshment without wine or
cigarettes. 1t is not question of
temperance, but one of custom and
necessity.
Every one was looking forward TO
the next port of call, Villefranchc; not
because of that insignificant village,
which forms the only possible harbor
OF even semi shelter to ships of the
tonnage Of the third division, but by
reason of the nearness to Cannes, Nice,
Beaulieu, Monaco, Monte Carlo and
Mention, the lauded foci of the French
Riviera
Here the first week was absorbed by
official or SEMI Official calls, lunch
cons. teas and dinners. punctuated by a
noteworthy review of the troops of the
military division of France, OF which
Nice is the headquarters. NJ Jolly, Pre-
feet, invited Admiral Sigsbee. his staff
end the commanding officers to occupy
the reviewing stand with him and other
notables. and the sight was very well
worth while, accented as It was by the
fact that the Moroccan conference had
not advanced far enough to make war
between Germany and France impos-
sible.
1t may be recalled now that. speak
ing OF Germany's attitude. French Of
ficial of very high rank said: Very
frankly may say that when the
Kaiser visited Morocco IL would have
been very unwise. II not impossible. for
France to have submitted to the arbi-
trament OF arpis. A few months has
done wonders, however. and under the
pressure OF a possible necessity we no
longer fear our northern neighbor.
The English entente cordiale has also
been at once q spur and buttress, for,
while we know how great Germany's
army is, we are well aware that her
navy is totally inadequate to the pro-
lection of the commerce she has spent
SO many years in building into its
present proportions"
Cenca, the port first in rank in Medi-
terranean commerce now that Mar
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

one looks forward to possible visit to
the United States. the American flag is
always and everywhere saluted, not
only with respect but with real en-
tkusiasni, and the feelings of this, one
Of the oldest OF nations. seem to par
take more nearly of affection than one
would have supposed possible when the
rernotencss and differences of environ
ment and education are considered.
Next in the itinerary came Beirut
The Syrian city doomed large and beau
tiful as we steamed into the roadstead
and the four white ships cast anchor
almost in the shadow of the hill
crowned by the big Protestant uni
vcrsity, founded by one DR. Bliss and
presided over by another. Beirut as
being the railroad point of departure
for ruined Baalbec and ancient Danas-
Gus. is no longer the tcrra incognito 1t
was a few decades ago.
Here the official calls were more in
teresting than any OF the others, be-
cause they were more pretentious. Be-
sides one to be paid to the Pacha. who
ruled Beirut and It's province, one was
to his puissant excellence the Pacha of
Lebanon. eight miles away. At both
places, as at the palace of che rear ad-
miral (who seemed to have everything
except war vesseD, the ceremonies
of reception were not only gorgeous,
but heightened by the Introduction of
coffee, sweetmeats and cigars.
In Syria was found deep imprint of
German industrialisn. and the visit of
the Kaiser. with his gifts to the society
excavating the ruins of Bnalbec. were
subjects of constant reference. not only
among the officials. but in the cafes and
parlors.
The Province of Lebanon is almost
entirely Protestant. as it's Pacha (the
only member of the Greek church who
has ever attained the rank OF field mar
shnl in the Sultcns army, and those OF
the Greek communion observe Lent
more rigidly than those who yield al
legiaEce TO tic Papal See. A reception
given to Admiral Sigsbee and the off,
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26
Showing Evolution Of the Feet

there be any conclusion of the sci
ence OF evolution that has been ac-
cepted the world over it is the
demonstration of the descent OF the
horse from little animal no larger
N the fox
= Ehc discovery Of the bones of the
ancestors Of the horse has been made
caio3y In the United States. and in all
the museums OF natural history from
New york to London and Berlin are
models showing the steps in this evo-
LUTON OF The most useful animal known
70 raan rrcn a very small animal to-
tally Inherent in appearance and quail
5t.es that lived many thousands Of
p years ago.
Vow comes the announcement from
wyoming. where many fossil animals
.nr' 'tae Oldest period have been discov-
erred. that tho archaeoiogists digging in
no Big sweetwater Divide have found
A. fossilized skeleton OF a gigantic
horse. which viii upset all accepted
theories as 10 the evolution OF this
species. II is said this horse stood
tsirty feet high and was thirty feet
long. II Standardization OF TIE bones
with those Of a horse prove true, then
all the textbooks wiz have to be re-
written and one Of the foundation
stones OF the theory of evolution VIII
be seriously Ioosened. II not smashed
Sd Professor Cope OF Yale traced all the
steps in the evolution OF the horse.
covering a period Of about three mil
lion years showing all the altera-
tAns in structure. especially of teeth
~ feet, the important indices OF the
.alterations due ste selection and adap-
tstion OF environment. the two leading
Influences in the process OF evolution.
as held by Charles Darwin and his
SUCCESSORS.
The horse is curiously different
from other typical mammals. having
only one toe on each foot, and teeth of
very complex pattern. All modern
writer's on this subject state posi-
lively, in so many words: Immense
numbers Of extinct horses and horse
like creatures have been dug up. and
we know quite clearly all the stages
leading from living horses back TO
four-toed and ultimately to five-toed
ancestors "-( professor Lsnkester. a
leading British authority
Professor W. .. Matthew, Ph. D.,
associate curator OF vertebrate paleon-
tology in the American Museum Of
Natural History. New York, takes for
granted the entire line of evolution
Of the horse in his published leahet
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

I'm the series of ancestors OF the
horse we can trace every step in the
evolution OF those marked peculiartties
of teeth and feet which distinguish the
mod ern horse from an ancestor Wnicn
so little suggests a horse that when Its
remains were first found. forty years
ago, the animal was named by the
great paleontologist Richard Owen, the
Hyraeotheriuu or 'coney-like beast.
Its relation to the horse was not at
that time suspected by Professor Owen
and was recognized by scientific men
only when several of the intermediate
stages between u and its modern de-
scendant had been discovered On the
other hand, this first ancestor or the
horse line IS very difficult to dtstin-
guish from the contemporary ancestors
of tapirs and rhinocerosc5, and indi-
Gates how all the modern cuadrupeds
have diverged from single type. each
becoming adapted to the needs OF It's
especial mode of life"
1t seems remarkable. but Is never
theless true, according to scientists,
that the earliest ancestors OF the horse
were not larger than a cat and had
four complete toes on each foot The
predecessors of this animal had i've
toes on each foot. The short neck.
arched back and shape of the skull
gave no indication whatever of the fu-
ttire horf e, but was more like the mod.
ern civee cat
No less than twelve stages In the
evolution of the modern horse have
been traced from primeval times. First
cone the Hyracotherium and Eohippus
of the lower Eocene geological strata
T.. the Eohippus especially the four
toes and remains of fifth are plainly
visible.
Then comes the Protorohippus and
Orohippus of the Middle Eocene- Here
there are four complete toes on the
fore feet and three on the hind feet.
This animal was about the size of
small dog, with the proportions of what
we call the whippet.
The fifth link in the chain is the
Epihippus of the Upper Eocene. The
toes are still the same in number, but
the central toe In each foot Is beeom-
Ing larger and the side toes smaller.
The Mesohippus. two types, became
as large as a coyote in some districts,
wilhelm others il was as large as a
sheep.
The Anchitherium, forming the
eighth stage. has been found all over
the United. States and Europe. 1t Is
much larger. and becoming somewhat
more h0rselike.
The Parahippus and Hyohippus. OF
the Middle Miocene. were still larger,
about the size OF Shetland pony. The
three toes are still present. the side
toes barely touching the ground.
The Protohippus and Pliohippus, or
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

Continued from Preceding Page)
at home" to which fully 400 invita-
tions were issued.
A tea, with dancing, on the flagship,
Is very well worth while All the In
vftations were accepted and more So
lfcited and beautiful indeed shone the
quarterback. canopied with canvas and
walled with flags Of every saiuting ma
ffon under the sun everything pos
sible. even TO the huge winch, had
been removed from the after deck 10
give the dancers room. The glistening
niants had been strewn with gratings
from spermaceti candles. Jack had
been invited-not ordered, mind you,
snvited-to dance to the music OF
the band that was stationeo IN lhe
bavonet- trimmed stand, which every
dav appeared as the main hatch lead-
ing TO the enginc-room- On the gun
6ecix below. where is located the ad-
T,frars cabin (the largest in the United
States Navy, the captains quarters
and those Of the executive ana neVi-
eating officers and the admirafs nag
secretary. refreshments had been pro-
vided: eatables. including oon-bons ana
sweet cakes OF every known variety
and potables running the gamut from
chanpaRne to white wine cup or
aerated water.
small entertainment FUND is pro
vided by the Navy Department Tor the
use OF an admiral and his division, upon
hom is imposed such round OF OF
'hcial and social duties as are neces-
sariiv concomitant with showing the
fac in foreign ports. None the less ~
81 frue that such a tour Is exceedingly
e,.,e1sive 70 every oficersv and espe-
cisI1v 10 the admiral in command,
whose entertainments must be Tar the
r,ost pretenfious and elaborate 1nis
e,pense is largely by reason or the IN
hfbition. expressly made when the luno
is appropriated, that not one penny
- ,isarettes. Around the MediterTa-
mean literal one would as soon think
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

The few days in Messina were days
of delight, punctuated as they were by
VISIT to Taormina. the most beauti-
full and suggestive spot. all things con-
sidsred. 1t has been my privileges to see
upon this best OF all worlds. Thence
the journey to Gibraltar. accomplished
at accelerated speed. and there large
proportion OF the coal for the trans
atlantic voyage was taken on board.
Coaling. however. did not prevent the
renewal OF social functions. and the
night before we sailed for the Azores
Sigsbee gave farewell and notewor-
thy dinner in his cabin, at which were
present as English guests the Gov
ernor General, two rear admirals. an
Earl and two other titled gentlemen.
The delight with which these gentle
men sampled Kentucky ham and other
delicacies made possible by the Brook
1yn's cold storage put to rout the idea
of British phlegm-
Four nights 10 the Azores, at twelve
knots speed. 400 tons more OF coal
taken aboard. and then the long
stretch to Cape Heniopen. between the
s7th and 3Sth parallels. and the inal
haven Of the League Island navy yard.
II would be hard to exaggerate the
value OF such a cruise as that complet-
ed by the Brooklyn and its consorts-
No longer Is America regarded as an
unknown and unconsidered land blythe
residents OF Mediterranean capitals
The coming Of an American squadron
is hailed with delight. the bearing OF
our officers Is copied, the manliness OF
our sailors is admired. and even in tho
more elaborate functions consequent
upon the meeting with royalty and
titled ones. with decorated of1cials and
danes of high degree. the manners
and customs Of American officers are
regarded with undisguised and openly
expressed approval. Showing the flag
encourages emigration. OF this there
can be no question. Whether this 10 a
desirable outgrowth or net u 10 net -
easy to say,
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

atavism, or return to an earlier type.
that of the three-toed ancestor.
Beyond the stage OF the three toed
horse we can go to the horse with four
equal toes on the front foot and three
on the hind foot. the hyracotherium,
and then to the five-t6ed ancestor, the
phenacoduS.
The record of the cnanges from the
three-toed to the one-toed horse is very
complete as made up from fossil re-
mains Not only has there been a
gradual change from the three toed to
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

sof race of animals to It's environment
The ancestry of this family has been
traced back to nearly the beginning
of the tertiary without single 'impor-
tant break. During this long period
of time, estimated at nearly three mill
lions OF years, these animals passed
through important changes in all parts
of the body, but especially in the teeth
and feet, adapting them more and more
perfectly to their particular environ
ment, namely. the open plains or a
great plateau region, with their scanty.
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

the one-toed condition. but there has
been a great increase in size, and.
moreover, the cheek teeth have gradu-
ally become moro and more complex In
the pattern which they show when
worn down.
pamphlets "The history OF the evolu-
tion OF the horse through the tertiary
period, or age of mammals. affords the
best known illustration in existence of
the doctrine of evolution by means of
natural selection and the adaptation
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

on the subject sent out by the mu-
scum as a guide TO it's exhibit illus
trating the subject In fact the exhib-
its in that great museum, and in all
the others OF the civilized world. are
arranged to prove this evolution, so
generally accepted as true. If the
latest find IN Wyoming be substanti-
ated, the museums will have to be al
tered so far as their exhibit dealing
with the horse goes, and all the books
viii be changed to meet this new fact
or rather this old fact, just ascer-
tained.
In order to appreciate the position
Il the theory. as now held. brief
statement of what the authorities
have TO say is necessary.
If we study a hind foot and fore foot
of modern horse we will find that on
the hind bone the heelbone. or "hock"
Cthe calcaneum), stands at the top of
the ankle. Below you see the three
bones which constitute, as in fingers
and toes. what is called the digit. Then
there is a long bone. which is the meta
tarsal bone. In-the front foot the SINH
lar bone is called the metacarpal At
the top of these are several short bones
jointed together; these are the tarsus.
or ankle. and the carpus. or wrist $50
called knee of the horses front Lego,
respectively. 1t is apparent, then. that
the horse walks on the very .ast joint
Of it's toes and keeps the foot and the
hook upright. SO that the heel is right
above the toe, instead OF behind it. as
in ourselves and the bears. On each
side OF the long bone Of both hind and
fore feet is small long bone. These
are all that remain in the modern horse
of two additional toes.
The Three Toed Horse.
The horse has been traced backward
TO that fossil horse of the Miocene
strata which had three well developed
toes, each with hoof resting on the
ground. These are known as the me-
sohippus and anchitherium. Ear
than these came a. horselike animal
(hyracotherium) with three toes of
nearly equal size on the hind foot and
four toes on the front foot.
In the Pliocene strata are found in
Europe and America remains of the
hipparion, which had three toes on each
foot but the side toes We're getting
small. something like the little toes of
the pig and cattle They did not touch
the ground and were evidently in pro-
cess OF disappearing, leading TO the
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

single toed modern horse, with its
splint bones as tAe sole representative
of the two outer toes.
Occasionally modern horses are born
with two complete little toes provided
with hoofs and attached to the spIint
bones, one on each side of the big CEN
tral toe. This is what is called an
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26
.T The Hracotheraurn'
an Eocene Ancestor
Of the Horse with .
Four Toes on the .
. - Front Foot
Prehistoric Horse Size of Cat.

stunted herbage. which Is the natural
habitat OF the horse.
The San Francisco call., 1906-08-26

the Middle and Upper Miocene. have
but one (the centraD toe touching the
ground, the side toes having almost
disappeared in some specimens
Equus. the twelfth and final stage, IS
found in the Pleistocene and recent
stsata. In this real horse the side toes
have disappeared entirely. being repz
resented only by the side splints. There
Is no trace on the fore foot OF the little
nodules which in the Protohippus rep
resented the first and fifth digits. The
skull has heightened and the animal is
much larger.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1906-08-17

From Georgia Scenes" published & Brothers
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1906-08-17


brought about the fight, but wouldn't
have done 1t IL 1t hadn't "a been on ac-
count Of Miss (Mrs.) Durham. But
dod etarnally darn my soul II ever
could stand by and see any woman put
upon, much less Miss Durham! If
Bobby hadn't been there I'd "a took
1t up myself, be darned II I wouldn't,
even IL I'd a. got whipped for 1t! But
we're all friends now" The reader
need hardly be told that this was
Ransy Sniffie.
Thanks to the Christian religion, to
schools. colleges. and benevolent asso-
Citations, such scenes of barbarism and
cruelty as that which I have been just
describing are now Of rare occurrence,
though they may still be occasionally
met with In some of the new counties.
Wherever they prevail they are dis
grace to that community. The peace
officers who countenance them deserve
a place in the penitentiary. HALL.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1906-08-17
"PusILLAnlMous scRuPLEs."
Correspondent Has Legitimate Fun at
the Expense of Mr.. MeMahan.

the Expense Of Mr.. MeMahan.
Editor of The Yorkville Enquirer:
Garrick was said to have contrib
uted to the "gayety Of nations; so
Mr.. John ]. McMahan has contrib
uted to the gayety Of the campaign
albeit unconsciously. Mr.. McMahan
is Scotchman, and a lad Of paists"
as they say in that "bonny land"
The only trouble is he Is on the
wrong side and has got hold Of q
text he cannot manage. 1t sticks In
his throat. Man Of honor and Of
ideals, he is not use to such advocacy.
The patent solution" wont work for
him, producing some most surpris-
ing utterances.
"Pusillanimous scruples" Is one OF
these undigested bits that Mr.. Nc
Mahan got of in his speech here last
week. ''Pusillanimous scruples%
Now here is richness! We have heard
"scruples" called every sort of names,
but never labelled ''pusillanimous"
before. Men have been dubbed mar
row" and stubborn" for their scru-
Piles, but never "pusillanimous." !"
Scholar as he is, Mr.. McMahan just
got hold of the wrong word.
AS we understood Mr.. McMahan.
he said that the only trouble about
running a purified" dispensary is
that the good people, the church
members, the deacons, stewards,
ct cetera, will have these "pusillani-
nous scruples" about engaging in
the business. Yes, Mr. McAiahan,
they will have them, and you just
simply cannot teach them any bet
ter. They are afraid to do wrong.
And perhaps Mr.. McMahan would be
all the better If ne would harbor a
few of these "pusillanimous scru-
ples'-if they would prevent his stul-
tifying his noble manhood by seek
ing to bolster up the great moral In
stitution. He is too good a man to
be sacrificed. May a few "pusillan-
imous scruples' save him.
LOCKER -oN-IN-V VIENNA. =
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1906-08-17
SPIDER LIFTS A SNAKE.
Explanation Of the Power In the In
seot's Strong Elastic Silk Threads.

Explanation Of the Power In the In
ssct's Strong Elastic Silk Threads.
Doctor Phin describes, among oth-
er strange things, how spider con-
trived to lift from the ground q
snake that was, Of course, many
times heavier than itself. The story
is of interest chiefly for the scientific
explanation which is given of the
way In which the thing was done.
Some years ago in q asmall village
In New York state a spider entan-
gled a milk snake in her threads and
actually raised 1t some distance from
the ground, in spite Of the struggles
of the reptile, which was alive.
BY what process Of engineering
did the comparatively small and
feeble insect succeed in lifting the
snake by mechanical means? The
solution is easy enough IL one only
gives the question little thought.
The spider is furnished with one
of the most efficient mechanical Inn
plements known to engineers. name-
ly. strong elastic thread. There are
few substances that will support a
greater strain than the silk OF the
spider. Careful experiment has
shown that for equal sizes the
strength of these fibres exceeds that
of common iron; but notwithstand-
ing its strength. the spiders thread
would be useless as a mechanical
power If 1t were not for its elastic
ity.
The spider has no blocks or pulleys
and therefore cannot cause the
thread to divide up and run in DIFF
ferent sections, but the elasticity OF
the thread more than makes up Tor
this and renders possible the lifting
of an animal much heavier than q
snake.
Let US suppose that a child can
lift a six pound weight one foot
high and can do it twenty times a
minute. Furnish him with $50 rub
ber bands, each capable Of pulling
six pounds through one foot when
stretched. Let these bands be at
tached to a wooden platform on
which stand a pair Of horses weigh
Ing 2,1OO pounds. or rather more
than a ton.
lf, now. the child will go to work
and stretch these rubber bands sing
", hooking each one up as 1t is
stretched, in less than twenty min
utes he will have raised the pair of
horses one foot.
The elasticity of the rubber bands
enables the child to divide the
weight of the horses into $50 pieces
of six pounds each, and at the rate
of a little less than one every three
seconds, ne lifts all these several
pieces one foot, so that the child
easily lifts this enormous weight.
Each spiders thread acts like one
Of the elastic rubber bands. The
spider would have to connect the
snake with the point from which 1t
was to be suspended by sufficient
number of threads. By pulling sue
cessively on each thread and short
ening 1t a little, the snake might De
raised to any height within the ca
pacity Of the building In which the
work was done.-Youth's Compan-
ion.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1906-08-17

THE JAPANESE AND MANcHURIA.-
The Japanese seem to have taken as
full possession Of Manchuria as the
Russians did before the war.
Cotton mill men say that 1t would
be no more satisfactory to have the
Japs in any part Of China than the
Russians.
The United States has treaty with
China in which China guarantees an
open door all over her empire for
American goods. Manchuria has been
heretofore the principal field Of our
sales Russia grabbed Manchuria. She
promised many times to give 1t back
to China, in which case the CONNER
cial door would have been open to
American goods. Failing to carry out
her promise, the result was the war.
In the war the moral support or the
United States and England was with
Japan. Now Japan Is lingering In
Manchuria. Her trade there Is In
creasing and American trade there Is
slack.
America Is naturally ,restive to know
when Japan is going to get out OF
Manchuria. The interests OF our cot
ton mills are involved.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1906-08-17

fg The savage tribes in the interior
of Brazil are exceedingly fond Of roast
monkey. Humbolt estimated that one
small tribe of 200 Indians consumed
over 1900 monkeys during a year.
1t is said that until recently monkey
meat was for sale In the butcher
shops of Rio Janeiro. Mr.. Wallace,
when in the Amazon region, had
a monkey cut mp and fried for break
fast. The flesh somewhat resembled
rabbit In flavor and had no unpleas-
ant and peculiar taste.