Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-11-08

do its work properly and remain in
| good condition. 1t demands more in
telligent care and more eXactness in
operation than almost any other ma
| chine operated on the farm This Is
| true not only because Of the delicate
| adjustment of the machine, but be-
| cause of the nature OF the product 1t
| handles and the great frequency with
which 1t is used. If careless handling
| of the separator results In a loss of
only one-half pound of butter fat per
| day this means loss of 1865 pounds
| per year, which at 20 cents per pound
| is equivalent to $3.50 per year.
The one thing which the separator
is built to do is to separate the fat
from the milk. This is accomplished
by the means of centrifugal force, or
| that force which holds cord taut
when stone is attached to 1t and
| whirled about the head The same
force makes 1t possible to take buck
ct of water and whirl 1t about the head
without the water escaping. In the
centrifugal separator the fat globules
collect at the center Of the bowl, while
the heavier skim milk Is thrown to the
outside of the bowl.
An outlet near the center OF the
bowl allows the cream to escape, while
one near the edge carries off the skim
milk. To effect this separation a great
whirling force Is necessary, and the
speed of the bowl of different separa-
tors range roughly from 5000 revolu-
tions per minute to over twice that
many.
Because of its great speed 1t Is nee
essary that separator be placed on a
firm foundation and securely fasten-
ed To get perfectly true motion the
bowl of the machine must be set level.
If 1t Is not level and the bowl VI
brates, there will not be the best skim
ming, because the cream and skim
milk will intermix more or less. There
will also be a strain and wear on the
machine which will greatly shorten it's
life, making a second loss due to i'm
proper setting.
1t is mistake to be, saving Of oil in
the use of separator OF course there
Is no need of wasting oil, but the life
of separator depends largely on all
the bearings being kept well oiled and
cleaned. A good light oil which will
not gum the bearings should be used
1t will be safer to use that put out by
the separator companies
1t is well to flush out the bearings
every few weeks with coal oil to pre-
vent their becoming filled with gum
and dirt. A cover Of cloth or oil cloth
will aid greatly in keeping dust out Of
the bearings when not in use.
If properly cared for a hand separa-
tor should last for great many years,
but by lack of care, necessitating the
purchase Of a new machine, the farmer
may cut off much Of the separator
profits.
On many farms where hand separa-
tors are used mistakes are constantly
made In the operating Of the machines.
Separators are geared very high and
the bowls revolve at high rate OF
speed, as has already been stated. 1t
is important, therefore, that they be
started slowly and gradually brought to
the proper speed before any milk Is
added. Neither should they be stopped
by applying any friction to the bowl or
the gearing, but should be allowed to
run down. The operator should re-
member that it Is q mistake to do
either of these things, even If he Is In
hurry, If he wishes to guard against
wrecking his machine. Cautions in re-
gard to these things are given in all
separator directions, but are often for
gotten.
! An uneven speed caused by pushing
down hard on the crank or pulling up
hard instead Of applying the same force
|. at all points is harmful to the separa-
tor and results in poor skimming The
force should be applied evenly on the
crank so that an even speed is main
tanned. This is one of the first essen
tials for good Swimming and the long
life Of the separator.
The thoroughness Of separation de-
pends very largely on the rate of speed
Of the bowl the higher the speed, the
more thorough the separation. The
operator makes great mistake who is
careless as to the speed, turning some
times fast and sometimes slow. Each
machine has directions as to the speed
for turning, but the careless operator
is very apt make this simply matter
Of guessing, and will often guess
wrongly.
Two experiments reported in bulle-
tin So of the Indiana Experiment Sta
LlOn SHOW HOW AluSA a. oAAASA :
ence in speed may affect the
thoroughness OF separation.
These experiments show that a de-
creased speed means an increased loss
Of fat in the skim milk. 1t is evident
that difference Of three or four turns
per minute Of the crank means DIFF
ference in the skimming.
If it is found by tests that clean
skimming is not being done, it will US
ually be remedfed by increasing the
speed a few turns per minute. The
above figures will, Of course, not apply
to all separators, but they show In
general way the result OF decreased
speed A greater amount OF cream
/, may be secured by slow turning, put
it will be thinner and more fat will
go into the skim milk.
The amount and thickness OF the
cream should be regulated by the
cream screw directions for operating
which come with every machine.
The man who separates his milk as
soon as MIXED is making no mistake
For the best and most efficient work
of the separator the milk should not
be below s5 degrees in temperature. 1t
is a source of loss to let the milk stand
until some other work is completed ana
then take it to the separator
The plan occasionally practiced,
where only small amount OF milk
is secured, of letting one milking set
over until the next evening is a very
had one. The separation will not be
nearly as good as if done at once. Oc-