The National tribune., 1906-10-04

the latter finding them weak. after the
contest with Spain-inraded their terri
tory in 1924 and lheld it until 1874.
when the Domin{ a91 threw off the
Haitien yoke. However. the black En-
peror Soulouque, is of Haiti, invaded
Santo Domingo in ,ls49iwith 5000 men.
but was attacked at Jas Carreras by
Gen. Santana with men anG driven
back to Haiti, where heswas crowned as
Emperor Faustinerq.- and erected the
| 'TuilIeries" near Portt au Prince. But
the finest structures In the island are
| the castle of La Ferriere and the palace
of Sans Souci. near Cape Haitien. erect
ed by Christophe, who assumed the title
of Emperor Henry l. and ruled from
| 1906 to 1920. The stone walls of the
castle are 16 feet thick, and it is a
| tremendous structure while the palace
will compare favorabIy with any in
Europe. But both castle and palace
are abandoned and going to decay.
The Domingnn People.
| Whereas Haiti has plenty of money
| from its coffee and other products for
| the Government officials to handle. the
only revenue Santo Domingo has is that
derived from customs Therefore it has
been comparatively quiet, while turmoil
reigned in Haiti. The people are or
derly and quiet, and it is only in recent
years that adventurers like Jiminez
| have made trouble. President Morales
said the people were Semi-Savage, which
| is partly true. The island is so rich in
all natural products that the negroes
can almost live without work, and thcv
| exist almost in a. state of nature except
in the towns. but every one has gun.
There being no religious revivals going
| on, no circuSeS and nothing to disturb
the rnonoteny. they seize upon revo-
luton as a relief Haiti is the richest
piece of land of its size on the earth.
very healthy and about the size of Ire
land, with less than a million and a
half of population, where it could cas-
lily sustain 100000 of intelligent, in
dustrious people.
| Brazil has now reached solid basis,
and it is not likely to be disturbed
hereafter by revolutions. The royal
| family of Portugal fled to Brazil in
1907. when Napoleon threatened to an
mex Portugal to Spain, and remained
| there until 1921, when the Portuguese,
jealous of the commercial relations Bra
zl entertained with the rest of the
world contrary to the ancient monopo-
ly. recalled the royal family to Portu-
gal. protesting that they had deserted
| them. Dom Juan left his son Dom
Pedro as Prince Regent in Brazil, but
as the revolutions in the Spanish colo
MES were threatening all European col
onies Dom Pedro was made Emperor
of Brazil in 1922. Then followed con-
test over the Constitution which lasted
| seven years, ending in general revolu-
ton which caused the Emperor to alb
dicate and retire in favor of his son,
Dom Pedro H.. in 1881. But the i'm
perfect organization of the Government
| led to civil war again, which lasted un-
til 1910. In 1S4S a revolution again
| broke out, and upon its suppression
| Gen. Rosas, President of the Argentine
Confederation. made war on Brazil. He
| desired to re-establish, for his own
benefit, the ancient Spanish vice royalty
| of La Plata, which included what is
now the Argentine Confederation and
the Republics of Paraguay and Uru-
quay. Dom Pedro made treaty with
Governor Urquiza, of an Argentine
Province, who wanted, to be President
| himself and they defeated Rosas in
1852 near Buenos ,Ayres, and he fled to
England. Previous and subsequent to
this there had been, ,uprisings in the
| Brazilian PROVINCES Of, Rio Grande do
! Sui, Minas Geraes, aud San Paulo. all
of whose Governors desired to estab-
lish independent Republics, but they
were suppressed. Then after the Brit
ish Government bIuffed Brazil in 1863
anu IL pay ySUppVO loi tiiC 1893 ~
vessel which went, ashore, a perma-
nent National subscription was started.
from the proceeds of which a navy and
dock yards was built, .-..
Lopez the Dictator. tI
In 1863 Lopez II. was President of
| Paraguay. elected by the Congress, the
common mode of election in many Re-
publics. Being the only General of the
Republic, he claimed the Presidency by
| right and heritage, and the National
| Congress had to submit. He was a ty-
| rant of the first water, and made a
| regular military depot of the nation,
| accommodating immense military stores
and organizing a well-drilled army of
$4,000 men. A revolution occurring in
Uruguay under Flores was followed by
| the Uruguayans raiding into Brazil. and
when the BraZilians after demanding
| redress, invaded Uruguay, Lopez took
possession of the Brazilian Province of
Malto Crosse. Lopez's tyranny led to
| Argentine and Uruguay joining Brazil,
and yet, with this overwhelming force
against him, Lopez sustained the con-
| fict for five years, causing a loss of
| 100000 Paraguayans, $4,000 Brazilians
and 10000 Argentines and Uruguayahs.
Brazil expended $400,000.000. Lopez,
after the battle Of Campo Grando, fed,
and was killed by the cavalry pursuing g
him, never having led his men into a
battle or commanded in person.
In 1866, the slaves in the United
States having been freed, Dom Pedro
desired to liberate those in Brazil, but
on proposing it to his Prime Minister,
Itaborahy, that gentleman referred to
resign rather than take any steps
against the influential and wealthy
planters. many of whom held seats in
Parliament.
The Minister who succeeded him was
also obliged to retire under the threats
of the shareholders, but the Viscount
Rio Branco, when made Minister in
l1S71, managed to force the law through
Parliament which declared the children
born of slave women after that date to
be free, although Dom Pedro was afraid
to force a general emancipation. The
Shareholders held their pecuniary- inter
ests above those of country and hu-
manity. and they fought him on the
free infant bill, which was a gradual
ema ma-lcipation Gas he had prohibited the
| African slave trade). When he was
| deposed and Brazil became free all the
slaves were set free and the slavehold-
ers spited themselves. Dom Pedro made
n mistake by visiting Europe and the
j United States, leaving his daughter, the
Countess d'Eu, in charge, for she, wo-
manlike, acted arbitrarily and almost
despotically, giving the people distaste
for loyalty. After his abdication a rev.
olutionary movement was made in 1893
under the lead of Admiral Mello, the
navy being generally in favor of Pedro
But President Patxotto got together Il
fleet ,,nder Admiral GOnsalyeS pur-