davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fitzgerald enterprise., 1906-12-22

are made clear by Major Block.
SONS investigation and have not
been, and, in my judgment, cam
not be, successfully controverted.
From nine to fifteen or twenty
Of the colored Soldiers took part
in the attack. They leapt over
the walls from the barracks and
hurried through the town. They
shot at whomever they saw NOV
ing, and they shot into houses
where they saw light. In some
Of these houses there were wo-
men aud children, as the would
be murderers must have known.
In one house in which there
were two women and children
some ten shots went through at
a height of about ~ feet above
the toor, one putting out the
lamp upon the table. The lieu
tenant of police of the town
heard the firing and rode toward
it. He met the raiders, who, as
lie stated, were about fifteen COLI
ored soldiers. They instantly
started firing. upon him. He
turned and rode off,, and they
continued firing upon him until
they had killed his horse. They
Fitzgerald enterprise., 1906-12-22

shot him in the right arm cit
was afterwards amputated above
the elbow. A number of shots
were also fired at two other po-
licemen. The raiders fired sew.
eral times into a hotel, some of
the shots being aimed at a guest
sitting by a window. They shot
into saloon, killing the barten.
der and wounding another man.
At the sane time other raiders
6red into another house in which
women and children were Sleep
ing, two of the shots going
through the mosquito bar over
the bed in which the mistress of
the house and her two children
were lying. Several other
houses were struck by bullets.
1t was at nlRhts ana the streets
of the town are poorly lighted, so
that none of the individual raid
ers were recognized, but the
evidence of many witnesses of all
classes was conclusive to the
effect that the raiders were me-
gro soldiers. The shattered
bullets, shells and clips of the
government rifles. which were
found on the ground, are merely
eorroborative. So are the bullet
holes in the houses; some of which
it,appears must, from the direc-
ton, have been fred from the
fort just at the moment when
the soldiers left it. Not a bullet
Fitzgerald enterprise., 1906-12-22

of the non.commissioned officers
in charge of quarters who were
responsible for the gun racks
and had keys thereto in their
personal possession knew what
men were engaged in the attack.
RELUCTANT ADMISSION.
major Penrose, ia command
of the post, in his letter included
in the appendix, gives the rea-
sons why he was reluctantly
convinced that some of the men
under him-as he thinks, from 7
to 10 got their rifles, slipt out
from quarters to do the shooting
and returned to the barracks
without being discovered, the
shooting all occurring within
two and a half blocks of the bar
racks. 1t was possible for the
raiders to go from the fort to the
fartherest point of firing and re-
turn in less than ten minutes, for
the distance did not exceed $50
yards.
"Such are the facts of this
case. Gen. Nettleton, in his let.
ter herewith appended, states
that next door to where he is
writing in Brownsville is a small
cottage where chi1dren's party
had just broken up before the
house was riddled by United
States bullets, fired by United
States troops, from United States
Springfield rifles, at close range
sa4a
Fitzgerald enterprise., 1906-12-22
President Sends Report in An
swer to Senate's Request
for Information, and
Furnishes Best
of Evidence.

Washington, D. c., Dec. 49,
President Roosevelt today sent
to the senate his reply to the res.
olution of that body asking for
information regarding the dis
charge, without honor, of Late
talon of the Twenty.fifth negro
Infantry, charged with shooting
up the town of Brownsville, Tex,
Aug. II, 1906.
The message, the text of which
follows, summarizes the docu.
ments, reference to which is
made in the opening paragraph.
ITO the Senate: In response
to senate resolution of December
s, addressed to me, and to the
two resolutions addressed to him.
the secretary of war has. by my
direction, submitted to me a re-
port, which / herewith send to
e$Sae senate, together with several
documents, including letter of
Gen. Nettleton and memoranda
as to precedents for the summary
discharge or mastering out OF
regiments or companies, some
or all of the members of which
had been guilty of misconduct.
II ordered the discharge of
nearly ali the members Of Com
panies B, C and d of the Twenty
fifth infantry by name, in the ex-
ercise of my constitutional power
and in pursuance of what, after
full consideration, I found to be
my constitutional duty as COM
mauder.in.chief of the United
States army. am glad to avail
myself of the opportunity afford.
ed BY these resolutions to lay
before the congress the following
facts as to the mutinous conduct
of certain members of the COM
panies in question, and as to the
conspiracy by which many of the
other members cf these compa-
nies saved the criminals from
justice, to the disgrace of the
United States uniform.
NO RACE PREJUDICE.
81 call your attention to the
accompanying reports of Major
Augustus P. Blocksom, of Lieu"
!, tenant Colonel Leonard A. Low.
ering, and of Brigadier General
Ernest A. Darlington, the in
spector general of the United
States army, of their investiga-
ton into the conduct of these coll
ored troops in question. An ef-
fort has been made to discredit
the fairness of the investigation
by pointing out that General
Darlington is a Southerner. Pre-
cisely the same action would have
been taken had the troops been
white-indeed, the discharge
would probably have been made
in more summary fashion. Gen.
Darlington is a native OF South
Carelina; Lieutenant Colonel Loy-
ering is a native of New Hamp=
shire; Major Blocksrom is na9
tive of Ohio. As it happens, the
aise1osure of the guilt of the
n the rencrt
Fitzgerald enterprise., 1906-12-22

sworn to uphold the laws of the
United States, and under every
obligation of oath and honor not
merely to refrain from crimi-
nality, but with the sturdiest
rigor 10 hunt down criminality;
and the crime they com.
mitted or connived at was MUIR
der. They perverted the power
put into their hands to sustain
the law into the most deadly VIC.
lation of the law.
OBLIGATION TO THE ARMY.
The noncom missioned ofic-,
ers are primarily responsible for
the discipline and good conduct
of the men; they are appointed
to their positions for the very
purpose of preserving this dis
cipiine and good conduct, and Of
detecting and securing the pun
ishment of every enlisted man
who does what is wrong. They
fill, with reference to the disci.
pline, a part that the commits
stoned officers are of course un-
able to fill, altho the ultimate re-
Esponsibility for the discipline
can never be shifted from the
shoulders of the latter. Under
any ordinary circumstances the
first duty of the rlQucom mission
ed officers, as of the commits
stoned officers, is to train the
private in the ranks so that he
may be an efficient fighting man
against foreign foe. But there
is an even higher duty, so obvious
that it is not under ordinary cir
cumstances necessary so much
as to allude to 1.-THE duty of
training the soldier so that he
shall be a protection and not
menace to his peaceful fellow
citizens, and above all to the wo--.
men and children of the nation.
Unless this duty is we'll perform
ed, the army becomes mere
dangerous mob; and if conduct
such as that of the murderers in
question is not, where possible,
punished, and, where this is not
possible, unless the chance of its
repetition is guarded against in
the most thoroughgoing fashion,
it would be better that the entire
army should be disbanded. It is
vital for the army to be i'm
bued with the spirit which will
make every man in it, and above
the officers and noncommissioned
officers, feel it matter of high
est obligation to discover and
punish, and not to shield, the
criminal in uniform.
THEY MUST HAVE KNOWN.
"Yet some of the noncommis-
stoned officers, and many of the
men of the hr ee C m
panies in question have banded
together ia a conspiracy TO pro-
tect the assasins and wou1d.be
assassin who have disgraced
their uniform by the conduct
above related. Many of these
noncommissioned officers and
men must have known, and ali of
them may have known, circum-
stances which would have led to
the murderous assault. They
have stolidly and as one man
broken their oaths of enlistment
and refused to help discover the
criminals.
by my direction every effort
was made to persuade those in.
nocent of murder among them to
separate themselves from the
guilty by helping bring the crim-
nails to justice. They were
warned that if they did not take
advantage of the offer they
would all be discharged from the
service and forbidden again to
A.. 11@- &c %La opnuoxrs
Fitzgerald enterprise., 1906-12-22
BldCker Crime Never Stained
Arrny'S Annals, Says President
In a Tersely Worded Message to the Senate, Presi-
ident Roosevelt Described Conduct Of Negro
Toops at Brownsville as Attrocious.

the officer who comes from Ohio,
and the efforts of the officer who
comes from South Carolina were
confined to the endeavor 10 shield
the innocent men of the compa-
MES in question, if any such men
there were, by securing infor-
nation which would enable us
adequately to punish the guilty.
But ] wish it distinctly under.
stood that the fact OF the birth
place Of either officer is one
which I absolutely refuse to con.
slider. The standard of profess
s!onal honor aud Of loyalty to the
flag and the service is the same
FOR all officers and all enlisted
men of the United States army,
and I resent with the keenest in
dignation any effort to draw any
line among them, based upon
birthplace, creed, or any consid.
alton of the kind. I should put
the same entire faith in these
reports if it had happened that
they were all made by men com-
ing from some one state, whether
in the south or the north, the
east or the west, as / now do,
when, as it happens, they were
made by officers born in different
states.
AMPLE coRRoBoRATIoN.
Major Blockson's report is
most careful, is based upon the
testimony of scores of eyewit-
nesses-testimony which con.
Aicted only ia nonessentials and
which established the essential
facts beyond chance of success.
full contradiction. Not only has
no successful effort been made
to traverse his findings in any
essential particular, but, as a
matter of fact, every trustworthy
report from outsiders amply CO.
roborates them, by far the best
of these outside reports being
that of General A. ?. Nettletoa,
made in a letter to the secretary
of war, which ! hereby append;
General Nettleton being an ex.
union soldier, a consistent friend
of the colored man throughout
his life. a lifelong republican, a
citizen of Illinois and assistant
secretary of the treasury under
President Harrison.
1T appears that in Browns
vile, the city Immediately beside
which fort Brown is situated,
there has been considerable feel
ing between the citizens and the
colored troops of the garrison
companies. Difficulties had oc-
Cured, there being conflict of
evidence as to whether the citi.
zens or the colored troops were
to blame. My impression is that
as matter of fact, in these diff.
ficulties there was blame attached
to both sides; but this is Who'll.
" unimportant matter for our
present purpose, as nothing that
occurred offered il any shape or
way an excuse or justification for
the atrocious conduct of the
troops when, ia lawless and MUIR
derous spirit, and under cover of
the night, they made their at
tack upon the citizens,
THE ATTACK.
The attack was made near
midnight on August 13. The
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-05-20
HOMES ACROSS THE HUDSON
CONTINUED from Tpelfh Page.

near Eisht!eth street. for the transaction
az a general real estate business,
Assemblymap Krulewitch denies c the n re- y
RSs bought Nos. !? to . East 10th street. A
Edward J: Yelling Is the buyer ,S 81 s the e les
yator APARTMENT house az N9s; zo' ana 200
Isaac Lyman has bought fol, a client the
block front on Tenth avenue, from Eighty
first 70 EiShtyesStSRn sir staee s;ro sIISR,y a three Srse
story building, on, lot 2bxlOo. ro,. n
Isaac Hyman has bought for q client a
Staten Island, adjoining the public school
property on Fingerboard road
IhsP T S1am NC oG 4symSn on W SS%pahRs srm nss
plot at the southwest corner Of Ocean and md
Woodruff s ayeng @es s ss5 ISS6 and S9n' apSR When sihiSR
they will erect q high grade SIX story eie-
vator apartment house. "a
port the following sales in Douglas Manor:
James Hochhoizer, three lots, 81 ,oSo; Charles
j HAMBURG. Two l Soa $500 ls@ e1slR F. ivy wrIIs oss
fIo'XS' jtasloW. two lots, $500; Dennis Klebauer'
f. s9q s6o lO nso 81 ;so q. f b%asenbu Hs'at ms l ISsf . 500;
Mulhali. i've lots, $4,000; George F Van y9rst,
s = George r. Miner, four lots, 1000;
Bertha Carter. two lots 500; Annie n: Clni-
kkins' two lo IS. i 4 Fl, c cishsF sSre e. l eand soOG
IOnT lOtS, Sl,<VO, w. u ~
and Edward p. Hyatt, two lots, $3.50.
The Rickett-Fi nlay Realty Company opened
up ye terday O tract OF some 4.o0O restricteu
lots, surrounding The new B~roodwSy f Sn6s
way-Flushing. the name by which this new
residential district Is known Is from y 70 i Ue
ssswssn FlushIns Bay and Little Neck HSE B iSe
finest streets in Flushing, i~ntersect a part OF
the property In tho, vicinity of the station
that viii be reserved for business purposes.
Nc business will be permitted In any otner
section.
ing at Clo:tcr,, y. j., whereby ten or twelve
cong NAL families may buy a tract OF land
and b lid no uses With spacious grounds
f~roating on an ornamental pa X, The land
is situate on a high elevation and Is carefully
restricted. Closter. has churches, SCHOOLS
and every imp oyemtnt necessary lor the
Power 4 Steers report the following saies at
Staten Island: kor the heirs OF Henry Nollner
the yo,lm,r ia m at Granitevlls consisting
or tive ty-eight acres. for s2s,UVJ, to Charles
III. BAR: for Capt. Jones two acres OF salt
mea o Is to Hanover Land and Dock Com.
papy. and for J. Lake -four acres OF sal
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-05-20
meadow to Hanover Land and Dock Com

meadow to Hanover Land and Dock Com
pany.
Plans have been filed with Building Superin-
tendent Murphy for a new six story COM
mercial Building to be erected for Browning,
King A Co. at the northwest corner of Fifth
limestone and Flemish bond brick. having a
frontage of ass feet on the avenue and 1855
feet on the street. and Is to cost sl30.0oQ. Mrs
William c. Browning Is the owner and lsraels
A Harder are the architects,
Plans nave also been filed for remodelling
the four story and basement residence OF
A. n, Boltman at 10 East Seyenty-second
street. A rear extension is. 10 be built and
an electric elevator installed. The improve
estimate OF the architects, Mulliken 4 Moeller.
The Manhattan new building plans hIed
yesterday. include a siy story apartment
families, to be built for the Apartment. Con,
struction Company. Of which Samuel Mandel
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15

only wear one with the fur next their bodies,
but when the cold weather comes OF they
put on a second suit with the fur on the
outside.
This is outdoors. In the huts only q
pair of sealskin trousers are worn by the
men, and a girdle skirt by the ome
Also the women wear all the jewelry they
may possess, such as colored beads and
brass ornaments when inside.
There is a peculiar custom among them
by which the old and intirrt who a v out
lived their usefulness are killed by request.
That is, the old themselves request It, and
people are hound to carry ont their wishes.
It is never done until requested, but the
victims seem 70 take 1t as a matter of course
and always ask it: n no grief Is expressed
over such n death.
.One other incident that happened served
to show VI another custom Of these people.
If a man commits murder the nearest Of
kin Of the murdered man may hl! the muir
derer, and il goes no further. A life for =
life only. 4 man who has lost his wife and
children all at n time by sickness in his
great sorrpw wanted to die, and requested
to be killed. The tribe refused, OF course,
until he armed himself and threatened to kill
the first nan he met on a certain day. 1hen
they killed him in order to save ono life,
because whomever he killed, his nearest OF
kin would have been in duty hound to kill
him, and he would have gained his desire
In either case. 4 life for a life.
The children think a great deal Of their
parents, especially their mother, and The
parents will suffer any hardship or prva-
ton in order that the children may he well
cared FOR.
III a child's PARENTS die II is never et
fHenGlees. but is taken into some family
and raised as one OF their own.
with the aptitude that these people
show in the few arts they excel in It would
seem that to educate n Mesinka would be
to make a skilled workman OF him, hut it
is not 30. An English speaking Fla uimau
aid is 4 burden to his tribe, for in their
crude way they are Socialists, and must
give him support. On the whole. those
people Of that far northern region are
arniable. hospitable and peace loving, hut
harbaroisiu their ways and customs. They
thieviug without n oualn Of conscience
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15
THE WEIGHT OF THE BRAIN.
It's Relation TO Tntealect-Conneouon NE
tween the Brain Cells.

rom a WbFtCuu ~ tutttnt.
Other factors besides brain weight are
known to influence intelligence. It has
long been known that the distinguishing
character Of the human brain 10 the large
number OF connecting hbres, by which It's
cells are coordlnated. In no other species
ara they 90 numerous or complicated Ihe
cells constitute but q very smah part ofthe
weight, There 10 now considerable EVIL
denoe that the same rule applies dmons
individual men, and that those OF great In
telliRence have more connections, 90 that
their cells can do more and better team
work"
some Investigations have shown the corpus
callosum to have. q large GROSS section IN
men who had shown great ability. 1t 10
also known that the brains Of able men are
likely to present more coDvolutiona and
deeper ones than the avsrsge. as though
there were more brain cells ~ well as more
connections. A few ohser vations in the
lower races point TO the fact that their brains
are essentially different In microscopic Or
aanization, partly accounting for lees IN
tslliRence. An these facts viii fully explain
why men Of intelligence In the higher races
may have brains not notably heavy, but
they do not dbprove the General stateHfnt
that as q class such men do possess DRAINS
heavier than the averAte.
The mistake arises from the failure to
recognise thai noted men who have shown
intellectual power not ~infreaueatly were
sharply limited 70 one or two difeoii6nh,
being very defective In other dlfsctiera,
Blind Tom vas an idiot, in fact-an ettfeme
oase Of what 10 quite common. AZ the ethAr
extreme was 0anhetts, who was not much
more than IN orator, whose cerebral hp6eeh
centre were found 10 be highly developed.
The f6st OF hia brain vas small and his general
lnteleotua1 power aud Judgments we're de-
cidedly detective. Ability In D Or tws
lines may make q msp famous, willis b.
Il really very dsieotive ard his brain proves
to be smAll.
ISotuai onss, or elephants would be in the
class Of asn!usss. The material might alAo
be pAtholoGio and the poaa1ksot an lfnhk-
Gle. IL often hAppens that men ot biz brain
and great ability suffer nom esrlr neglect
remain ieaofant through life These few
fnets do not prove that large hfainb ere worth.
ieas and not indicative Or mental power 10 .
rifle. We oannot Get away from the fact
that man % an animal 10 supreme bscsuss
Of his large brain; that, among races the
brainiest are the highest. and, that In eny one
race the most inteIligeht, ~ . rule. ara thuse
who have the most brains.
Men Of small brains ere not the leadefs.
and no statlstios Of The brain weights OF q
fuW exceptional men noted for limited abili.
ties can reverse the rule. UNIVERSITIES do
mot create brains, but merely train what
exists, 20 chat the ownera are better Cited
for the battle Of life Many o man b sent
10 college who should be hsndltns . pich
ard shovel, 0nd b. usvsF a~zncurte 70 m9ph,
e1dSa thaHEh ~ nahnNanaAt1 MAheAh ffetAB
etsomp yHy llnissd spect4sg. - ) Ia .
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15
Plants N hien.

From The Philadelphia Bulletin.
NJ. j. Irons. who has been growing plants
with wonderful success under an acetylene
light at the Cornell Department Of Agriculture.
said recently:
Plants are Ike men. They adapt them
selves to the conditions confronting them. II
a plant can't have ten hours of sunshine IL
contrivest 10 get along somehow on Eve hours.
1T is Ike mankind. A man said to his
friend one dey;
"'Do you think W cu live as oaeap as
,neg' 49,.
"Before my marriage ! thought they could
.he friend replied,
AID aftCTwardY
"'Afterward ! found they had to-"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15

From he London Daily Graphic.
A Tombstone" which is TO be seen in the
garden Of Fish Cottage. Blockley. a pictur-
esuue villa ge in South Worcestershire. is be-
licvcd to be the orly hsh's tombstone in ex.
~istence. The inscription Is as follows:
In Memory OF the Old Fish.
Under the soil the old Fish, do, lie.
Twenty years, he, lived and then, did, die.
He was so tame you, understand
He would, come. and eat. out. Of our, hand.
Died April the 10Th. issS.
Aged 20 yS0rH.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15

draw the largest audienoes durtng FOB.
S,,srv Their average, however. Wa les
IRAN $4,000. The average receipts for %
psrformsnoes we're ti.tto. But that was
regarded !as q great tt~aPfore.nSns W.
SSnrrnanoS la February drew only oi,tW
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15

Mr.. and Ms. Henry fiOatsn huss, toslsasd v
the Kneisel Quartet. Win give . oonoeH OF hf
Huss's competitions In Msndelssohn hai on Taes
day afternoon.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15

Christian ttxfsns vii give . eeaeert Of ne esn
compositions IN chanbsf Muse Hah on WEDNESDAY
evening. -.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15

synea hutoAsDoa win fire Q ptAn1 reeatM o
Han on WEDNESDAY afternecA-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15

Victor Herbert and nis orchestra Nht tivY . con.
at the Harlem Opera Hotse % -aishs' b'hhohe
nuf6ald. nopfnno, viii be the BoiOtns.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15
NOTES or MU5fC EVENTS

NUIbo UT "VS
sousa and he band will anpesr ~ hippSdfon'
to might,
IN. o..,o soclsty viii hola q festival Of hndsio
a, carueets Hail to-niSht. There WI bo q ehofas'
hsrps, pipers and = oorps OF eoao siag'fs'
Victor Helosrt Aad nis orohsssrA tiii ~! : eea.
car, AZ the Harlem opera Hpube 70 night. blAhohe
Dufhdld, soprano, viii be the soioias.
Christian 1trisas viii give . eoaesrt Of 40 esn
competitions IN amber Ausie Han on WEDNESDAY
evenihg. -
s,nsss husoAssoa win etys Q p,Ans' reataa n
Mtndslssohn Han 90 wednesday afssrnedA-
Mr. ana Ms. nshry rso,tsn Huas, aassasd y
the Kneisel ouAftst. Win give . oonoen OF ~
Huss's compositions In Msndelssohn Han on Taee'
day afternoon
Tbs p.ou,s, Choral Unicn viii sing Meadd seeha't
-st. PAUL. this Afternoon and se-morroW svsnih1
At Carnegie Hall.
Mia Martory Sherwin, an American y1ohnie.
Vim has been efninsnily SUCCESSFUL abroad. VIII
give a conesft d Mendelssohn Hail on MonoAg
evening. April %, assisted by ihs Victor Hsroef'
orchtstra, Mas Margaret Hubbard Aye'' con
tralto, and M1ss L, vojacek a. the piano
For tho hrst time In the history Of the Peoplsa
avmohouy concerts an entire proGrarhfhe OIL
wagner will be presented q the neat series o,
| concerts, which will tahe piece Thursday' Apfh
10, AZ Cooper Union, Friday. April %. a. Grand
Oantt.l Psiace, and Saturday evening. April II, .,
Carnegie Hail. At s:1B O'Clock. Selections ron
"parsifal," Waikure. ""Sietffted, "9otterdGrnn st
un9," and the "Meiaterainser" will be given
together With the Ksiser march. The sotolev WI
be Miss Georgia Calvin. soprahei .. huRpre
the orchestra will be considerably enlarged foi
the opcAslOn,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-15

Tho Peoples Choral Unicn Win bins Meadss ~
81. Paul" this tfsernoen and se4morro" sVsnihs
NJ Carnegie Har.