Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1906-04-26

less acute angle, so that when the
crossarms are in position they take IN
something like the appearance of cap
ital Fl. The anchors employed are gen.
orally creosoted blocks or logs, buried
at various depths in the ground and
attached to the telephone poles with
guy strands. Preferably the guy is
fastened to tree trunk. the tree being
protected from injury by covering the
circumference used with a sort of life
belt made of strips of hard wood.
AS a rule telephone poles are set
$50 feet apart, and this distance is
measured off regardless of obstacles.
Where it is necessary to have a long
span of 200 feet or more the section
each side of the span is only rs feet in
length. The wires are strung with !.
uniform sag" differing according to
conditions. Here and there are set
what are known as transposition poles.
on which the wires are so inteEchang-
ed that induction will be prevented.
Wire No. / is here so shifted that it
continues in the place that ordinarily
would be occupied by wire No. 2,
while wire No. continues its way in
the place wire No. would occupy.
and so on. These transmission poles
are set, according to the standard
1900 feet apart.
The men are under general instruc.
tons to locate pole lines upon the most
direct and practicable system of high
ways and to cross private property
only to avoid abrupt turns, long de-
tours, trees or other obstacles. If pos
sible lines are routed straight as a
crow flies. The length of poles is pro-
portioned to the contour of the coun-
try. If there is a sharp dip, then in
stead of a 80 or 35-foot pole they use
a 40, so or 60-footer, as may be need
cd; or, If there is a sharp rise, then
poles shorter than the average are
used, the purpose being to keep the
line as nearly level as possible.
Submarine telephone cable is used
for crossing rivers and harbors in
most places, but occasionally there
are reasons for bridging waterway
instead of going under it. Along the
Connecticut river, for example, are
two such places. At one. the Bell
people erected a wooden tower on
either bank-towers SO feet high
strung couple of suspender cables
between them, laid sort of open floor
ing upon the cables, and finally fasten-
ed the communication cables to this
bridgeway which is some $50 feet Ions.
AT the second place one bank is much
higher than the other, and the span is
SO long that it imposes severe strain.
Here steel towers were erected. one
lS5 feet high and the other so feet
nigh, and suspension bridge bull.
between the one before.
There are two serious objections to
to underground telephone construction.
One is that in small communities.
where subscribers are comparatively
few, the expense would be prohibitiye.
and the other is that for long distance
purposes the single open aerial line is
the only practical one. 1t reduces
loss of electrical energy to minimum,
whereas lines in cable. either over,
head or underground, are so subject to
induction that they cannot transmit
sound more than one thirty-third OF
the distance covered by the open long
distances lines.
Still, last year the Bell workmen
laid 696.9S2 miles Of cable under
ground, mostly in ducts made OF terra
Gotta or creosoted wood. The choice
of either of these materials depends
largely upon local conditions; that is
to say, in certain places one of these
materials would be more available
than the other. Where bridges are
crossed the cable is laid in iron pipe
set in concrete, and the sides and top
of the crosoted wood duct also protect
cd in this manner.
JAPANESE AMtICE MENTc