The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-06-24

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nusHrs iirf ehlrsi daughter, isal~l, mai
fIaI Fmrouoi king ~ Portugal, boz dauah.
trr imun lrrtmr hnfuolf Qtieeh ~ Castillo
anvil mpffirl AfHhIuha rtiiip ~ Austfls,
apn ~ thn fmtsfpf Nstimiliap and Nv.
horton through hi- muih~r ~ must ~
thr duminiuua ~ charles tho HokI A
thru daughter. Maria. maFrlsd hef brother.
in.aw. Emanusl NJ Portugal, anil thu fourth
laughter. " Ia we'll known. kathatine ~
Arnfpn, lrcnms thu vito ~ Henry VIII ~
England IN tho nnS' generation isalalla'@
granddaughter Elcanot married, irat
EMANUEL n Portugal. and secondly, Fran.
Us !. ~ IINIlff NllNN INHT HTNtNlNlNhAF'FN :
laalrl ~ Portugal, married tho Emperor
Charles " n third granddaughter, Isabel
~ Castillo. married Christian H., King Of
Denmark: a fourth, Maria. was welded Ia
King Louis II Hungary. aud a nth. Gaia.
lima, bccamo tho wife Of joan, King ~
Portugal 4 sixth granddaughter, Mary
Tudor, Queen Of England married Philip II.
of Spain, son Of her first cousin, the Emu
peror Charles ", and a seventh, Beatrice,
became the wife Of Charles Ill. Duke Of
Savoy. For English speaking readers It IL
q matter Of interest To record that the blood
Of the Plantagenets flowed in the veins Of
Isabella Of CASTLE, for through both father
and mother she was descended from John
Of Gaunt, Duke Of Lancaster, The uniflca-
ton Of Spain and the exterior conquests OF
the Spanish monarchy which took place
during her lifetime are attested in The
official titles given to her in her last will
and testament, where she IL described as
"the Lady Isabel, Queen Of CASTLE, Leon,
Aragon, Sicily, Granada, Toledo, Valencia,
Galicia, the Mallorcas IBaleario lslesl
Seville, Sardinia, Corsica, Cordova, Murcia,
Jaen. the Algarves, Alguyias, Gibraltar,
the Canary Islands; Countess Of Barcelona;
Sovereign Lady Of Biscay and Molina;
Duchess Of Athens and Neopatria; Countess
Of Roussillon and Cerdagne; Marchioness OF
Ovistan and Goziana." Even this long list
Is incomplete. as it takes no account OF
Queen 1sabella's possessions in the New
World. Moreover, had she lived a little
longer she would AVE died Queen of Ma
varre and Queen of Naples.
To OMAN 10 r,aoS,ra tho trap,anlppa
changes in the European world in general
and the Spanish Peninsula in particular
during the fifty-fve years of Isabella's life,
we should recall the international situation
as it existed at the date Of her birth. In
1851, when she was born-her future hus-
band, Fernando Of Aragon, was a twelve
month younger-the capture OF Con-
stantinople by the Ottoman Turks and the
downfall Of the Byzantine Empire were still
two years distant; the Hundred Years Wa
between England and France was but lately
aver, and Cha rles VII, the beneficiary Of
Joan of Arc, was still ruler Of the last named
kingdom; Henry vi. still reigned in Eng
land, and the civil war OF York and an
caster was not yet begun; Italy was not
yet haunted by the dread OF partition be-
tween France and Spain; the Hap sburgs
we're not yet lords of Hungary, nor had
the Hohenzollern Margraves of Branden-
burg become Dukes of Prussia the house Of
Vasa had not yet delivered Sweden from
the supremacy Of Denmark; and the Grand
Duke Of Muscovy was still paying tribute
to a Mongol suzerain. Then again, the
condition of the Iberian Peninsula in 1851
differed very little from that which had
existed for about two centuries. The
Moorish kingdom of Granada, stretching on
the sea coast from Gibraltar to Almeria and
including the adjacent inland country,
bounded on the north by the Sierra Nevada,
continued TO owe its autonomy to the
rivalry of its Christian neighbos. or in
dependent Christian Powers in the PENN
sula there were. first, Portugal. which,
spreading southwark, had conquered the
greater part of Algarves; Navarro, which
comprised territory on both sides Of the
Pyrenees; CASTLE, which gradually had
absorbed Galicia, the Asturias and Leon.
besides the formerly Moorish Kingdoms Of
Toledo, Cordova, Seville, Murcia and part
of Algarves: and finally Aragon, which by
marriage had been fused with Catalonia
and which had acquired from the Moors
Valencia and the Balea rio Isles and from
the House Of Aniou Sicily and ultimately
Naples, though the last named kingdom
was separated in 145s from Aragon by
Alfonso V. and left to his illegitimate son,
Fernando. the founder of a new but short
lived Neapolitan dynasty. Before the
death of lsabella's husband the whole Of
the Iherian Peninsula INCLUDING Navarre) },
except Portugal, was incorporated in a
single monarchy, and even Portugal was
to be annexed by her great grandson,
Philip ii.