davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
ENTERPRIsINe BoTANIsTs.
Effects of the Great Revival of the
Sixteenth Century.

Effects of the Great Revival Of the
Sixteenth Century.
In the great literary and scientific re-
vival that took place in the sixteenth
century botany made a fresh depar-
ture. The discovery of America had
brought vast number of new plants
to Europe, and their study doubtless
stimulated the more complete study Of
those Of the old world. The great COM
mercial activity of the century must
also have had its influence. Ships were
bringing new products from all parts
and among these plants were not for
gotten. But from whatever cause 1t
arose, the great impulse and renewed
activity in the discovery and study Of
plants was quite remarkable. They
produced large body Of students,
whose labors were unwearled,. and q
wonderful amount Of botanical litera-
ture.
Among those students were such
men as Loincer, L'Obel, Caesalpinus,
L'Ecluse, Mattioli, Caspar and John
Bauhin. Conrad Gesner, Pona, Leon
ard, Fuchs. Prosper Alpinus, Dodoens
and many others. And these men were
not stay at home botanical students.
They were great travellers, whose de-
light was to collect and examine plants
in their native countries. Caspar
Bauhin collected them in Germany,
France and Italy with great labor and
danger ("quod praecipuum erat, plan
tas locis natalibus inspiciendo nullis
laboribus. nullls molestiis, nullis sump-
THUS peper cimus'D; L'Ecluse collected
them in Spain. Hungary and Bohemia
Du Choul searched Mount Pilatus and
John Pona Mount Baldus; Leonard
Rauwolf made long Journey to the
east in search Of them and Prosper
Alpinus examined those of Egypt
London Standard
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
THE VATICAN PALACE.
It's Existe ace IL Mainly Due to the
Builder Pope, Nicholas ".

It's Existe ace IL Mainly Due to the
y, Builder Pope, Nicholas ".
The present existence of the Vatican
palace Is principally due to Nicholas
", the builder pope, whose gigantic
scheme would startle a modern archi-
tect. His plan was to build the church
of st. Peters as starting point and
then to construct one vast central hab-
-itat for the papal administration, COW
ering the whole of what Is called the
Borgo, from the castle of SAINT Angelo
to the cathedral. In ancient times a
portico, or covered way supported on
columns, led from the bridge to the
church, and it was probably from this
real structure that Nicholas began his
imaginary one, only a small part Of
xtsich was ever completed. That small
portion alone comprises the basilica
anGsthe Vatican palace, which together
form by far the greatest continuous
mass Of buildings in the world. The
Coliseum is 1876 yards tong by 1856
broad, including the thickness of the
walls. st. Peters church alone is 2O5
yards long and 156 broad, so that the
whole Coliseum would easily stand
upon the ground plan Of the church,
while the Vatican palace is more than
half as large again.
Nicholas v. died in 1855, and the old
est parts Of the present Vatican palace
are not older than his reign. They are
generally known as the Tore Borgia,
from having been inhabited by Alex
aader VI, who died Of poison in the
third Of the rooms now occupied by
theS library, counting from the library
SIZE The windows of these rooms
lcs~: ',pon the large square court Of the
Belvedere, and that part Of the palace
isyoot visible from without.
Portions Of the substructure of the
earlier building were no doubt utilized
by Nicholas, and the secret gallery
which connects the Vatican with the
mausoleum of Hadrian is generally at
tributed to Pope John XXII1., who
died in 1417, but on the whole it may
be said that the Vatican palace is orig
inally building Of the period Of the
renaissance, to which all successive
popes have made additions.
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
The Special Entertainment.

Consisting of music and reading in the
Academy of Music last Wednesday
evening, which was previously arranged
by Manager Bittman and given by
the talented young ladies, the Misses
Josephine Leonard Curtis, violinist;
Ethel Farmer, elocutionist; Gertrude
L. Bly,, vocalist, and assisted by Pearl
Alta Fenton, was a grand success.
Notwithstanding the threatening wealth
er the hall was well filled, which was
appreciated by the young artists and
Mr.. Bittman, and Judging by the en-
cores, was highly enjoyed by the au-
dence.
The people in Oakes were especially
interested in Miss Gertrude Bly, for the
reason that the greater part of her
childhood days were spent here, and
during those years took an active part
in school and church entertainments
where she acquitted herself in credit
able manner. Her friends and school
mates were pleased tonote the advance
ment she had made in the musical line,
her vocal number showing a sweet and
we'll trained voice.
The people of Oakes bespeak for Miss
Bly, successful future IN the musical
world.
The selections given by Miss Curtis,
violinist, Miss Farmer, elocutionist, and
Miss Fenton, pianist, were of high
order. Every movement showed cul-
ture and training and the exhibitions of
their skill fascinated the audience.
The quartette will be warmly wei
coined if they should decide to give
another entertainment in Cakes.
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
AN INDIAN THEORY.
The Cause of Earthquakes, Tidal
Waves and Volcanoes.

V0e Cause OF Eartnquake0, Tidal
Waves and Volcanoes.
"When lived among the Dakotas,' -
said an old army officer, II found men
who, like. Buddha, gave seven years of
their lives to prayer and fasting, that
tkR III ght become pure in the sight Of
God, or the Great Spirit, as they call
that being. After they have proved
themselves before their people by per-
forming so called miracles, such as
holding their hands and arms In boil
Ing water and not being burned, shot
with poisoned arrows and not harmed,
bitten by rattlesnakes and not poi
soned and many other tests that have
witnessed, they are accepted as holy
or wise meN. The Indians believe that
they can get the word direct from God.
or the Great Spirit, the same as the
wise men and seers Of old used to do.
have asked these intelligences to tell
me about the cause Of earthquakes and
tidal waves. and they explain it like
this:
"They say volcanoes are the safety
valves Of the earth; that the rim of the
earth Is gradually cooling. AS it cools
it contracts, making the pressure on
the hot lava in the interior greater. At
last something must give way, this
rim must crack open, or the volcanoes
must burst forth and emit this COM
pressed lava.
Sometimes it Is relieved in one way,
sometimes in another. Should the
earth crack in midocean, where the
crust is usually thinner, then the wa
ters Of the ocean fill in, and there is a
great explosion as the water strikes
this great bed Of hot lava, large masses
Of the rim are thrown up, and islands
appear. Sometimes they stay on the
surface of the ocean, sometimes they
fall back and are again covered with
water, but that upheaval SO lifts the
water that a great wave is started for
the shore that carries death and de-
struction In its way.
"Many Of the old safety valves in
the earth are now closing up; only
few remain. The crust is becoming so
thick that the cooling process is more
w."-Seattle Times. -
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
Difference to Royalty,

On the occasion of visit by the
king of Italy to Vesuvius an Italian
newspaper announced that 1.-THE erup-
ton had the honor Of being witnessed
by his majesty" 1t was German pa
per which once stated that a certain
royal prince twas graciously pleased
to be born yesterday" Equally cour-
tier-like was an army officer in attend
ance on the king Of Spain. The king
asked him what was the time. The
courtier fumbled for his watch, but
could not find it, then respectfully re-
piled, Whatever time your majesty
pleases."
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
FLoR,DA's INDIAN WAR.
Osceo1a's Half Breed Wife Brought
About the Conflict.

Osce01a's Half Breed Wife Brought
About the Conflict.
In 1885 young woman, with par
ty Of Indians visiting Fort King, was
seized and carried off as a fugitive
slave on the ground that her mother
was an escaped slave who had taken
refuge with the Indians many years
before. That her father was an Indian
and she had been raised an Indian did
not count for anything. Legal claim
Of ownership in the mother embraced
her also. That was law at the time.
Naturally the young husband. untu-
tored savage that he was, could not
recognize its justice. Proving both elo-
Quent and brave, he soon had every
Indian in Florida on the warpath, nor
was it long before his name, Osceola,
was heard with terror in the exposed
white settlements. There ensued q
war, long, costly and bloody, out of all
proportions to the number engaged. 1t
is probable the Indians did not number
1,5O0 warriors, but in the four years
required to conquer them 1,5OO white
lives were sacrificed.
With the Indians 1t was battle a
outrance. They had many wrongs to
avenge, which lost nothing in the fer
vid coloring Of Osceola's eloquence.
Defeat meant transportation to an un-
known country far toward the setting
sun. Osceola claimed to have been the
friend of the white man until white
treachery and cupidity eliminated in
the seizure Of his wife. In digging up
the tomahawk he preached q war of
determination till every white man
was driven from Florida OF every In
dian died In the attempt.-Lippincott's.
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26

]. w. Schnitzler and wife, represent
ing Mohall Tribune.
G. L. Bixford and wife, representing
Vanville Echo.
E. M. Crary and wife, representing
Edmore Herald-News.
Mesdames w. C. and j. R. Gilbreath,
representing Mandan Pioneer.
7. L. Longley and wife, represent
ing Enderlin Independent.
Miss Lulu Satterlund, representing
Washburn Leader.
The party is in charge of M. E. Har-
Ian, travelling passenger agent of the
Northern Pacific, who is doing every
thing possible for the entertainment of
his guests.
I'll. Ll:4..
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
Tobacco In America.

Caricaturists in depicting a German
are in the habit of putting big pipe
In his mouth. The pipe is national in
deed, but the Germans as a nation are
far from being the greatest smokers.
They do not smoke more than French
men, Russians. swedes or Hungarians.
The men Of the United States aud the
men Of Switzerland are the NEST In
veterate smokers In the world. In
these two countries the consumption
Of tobacco per head Is three times
greater than in Germany.
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
DeceIvin3.

Minister-1'm sorry to find you COM
ing out Of public house again. Ham
ish, after all you promised me. Ham
ish-Aye, sir, it's wonnerful what an
awfu' deceivin' thing this mist is.
Dye ken. I went in there the moo
thinkin' twas the butchers shop-Lon.
don Tit-Bits.
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
County Fair.

The premium list for the county fair
which will be held at Wahpeton Sept.
25, 26, 27, %, will be ready fcrdistribu-
tion about August 5. Persons desiring
a copy of the list can have same by ad-
dressing R. ]. Hughes, secretary,
Wahpeton, N. d. s7Y
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26
Learned Better.

"My daughter has learned one thing
at boarding school," exclaimed the
man, land that Is how to write legi.
ble hand"
GLOW did it happenr asked a friend.
"she kept writing home for money" !"
said No. !, "and sent back ward I
couldn't read q word Of fsher letters It
soon cured her Of that Chinese chlrog-
raphy."-Detroit Free Press.
The Oakes times. [volume] (Oakes, N.D.) 1906-current, 1906-07-26

Leaves seem light, useless. idle, wav-
ering and changeable-they even dance.
Yet God has made them part Of the
oak.-Leigh Hunt.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
THE PETROLEUM MARKET.

It is estimated that the present stocks of Penn
sylvania oil not much more than 5000 900 bar
rels. If the demand continues together with the
decrease in production. the entire stocks above
ground will be wiped out in the next year Not in
twenty-five years has there been so small an
amount Of this class of oil available. The Lima
and Indiana fields also show great reduction in
stocks that this inferior grade will not be
sufficient to make up the deficit in the higher
grade. unless some discoveries made soon.
Either there must be a decrease in the demand
for the higher qualities Of OIL production
must be found somewhere At the present mo-
ment there are no indications Of either a falling
off in demand increase in supply. The high
grade Of oil is required not only for the usual
consumption for illuminating purposes. but for the
many by-products it contains. which now are of
value than the refined product itself. The
inferior grades Of oil only carry these by-products
to a small extent.
Almost all available sections in West Virginia
and Southeastern Ohio have been invaded from
time to time during the last three years by the
wildcatter in search of production. but with
such Ill success that encouragement has now taken
the place OF hope. This class of work has fallen
off to a great extent, although some energetic
spirits still keep pegging away the chance Of
striking paying pool.
One feature OF the last few days is OF some en-
enlargement however. and that is that in drilling
old wells deeper IN some of the former producing
sections where wells nag run out oil was found
suit is that considerable drilling IS being done
in what were abandoned wells.
The advices from the lower Southwest this week
OF the same general character as for many
weeks. No large wells have been discovered in
any section. and nothing betokening any new pro-
ductive territory OF even new moderate pool. has
have rewarded the drill but these are more than
offset by long list OF dead failures.
In the Wick district. Tyler County. old wells are
declining and ones are deficient in staying
quality. Not a well remains in that district pro-
ducing 100 barrels day. The No the Carse
farm. which came in last week at 200 barrels a
day, is down to fifty barrels.
The returns from Southeastern Ohio are OF the
meagre character as for months past and call
for no especial comment this time.
The refined petroleum market unchanged at
760 cents In barrels and 40 cents in bulk al New
York. Philadelphia prices were on a basis Of ave
points lower The foreign refined market was also
unchanged. London, 614d imperial gallon; Ant
werp. 10 francs per 100 kilos, and Bremen, S 50
marks per fifty kflos,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
PACIFIC COAST DEAL.
e., u. and st. p. Interests SAID
to Control Railroad.

Il is understood that interests identified with the
Chicago Milwaukee and st. Paul Railway have OBJ
ained for that company enough of the stock Of the
Pacific Coast Company TO place the control OF the
latter property in the hands of the st. Paul road
The stocks of the Pacific Coast Company have been
unusually active in the last few days. and while
at one time it was thought that both the Great
Northern and the Northern Pacific were endeayor-
Ing to secure the property, IL is learned that
the chief buying has been for st. Paul account
The Pacific Coast Company is the successor to
the old Oregon Improvement Company which was
sold foreclosure IN 1897. 1t owns the Pacific
Coast Steamship Company. and operates five steam
ship lines running between San Francisco Port
land. Victoria sitka, Fort Bragg. San Diego and
Lower California points. 1t also owns all the Sc
curties OF the Columbia and Puget Sound Rail
mine; the Pacific Coast Railway Port Harfor5
Cal. TO Los Olives, eighty miles; operates the
Franklin Coal Company owning the Franklin mine
with 1850 Of coal lands at Franklin and 0S3
acres at Newcastle; also the Black Diamond
1904 IL may
The St Paul recently decided to extend its lines
TO the Pacific Coast, and the value OF the Pacific
Coast Company 10 the development of ST Panis
traffic is apparent St Paul directors believe fha
there Is enough business for another big road with
q Pacific Coast terminus, and in building it's new
line Is not starting q competition with the
Union Pacific and the Hill lines that will upset
The railroad situation IN the Far West
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
THE FINANCIAL MARKETS.
Manu- Nezo High Record P-Mometaay Conditions Improving

; heavy for structural material. and reflection
Of the activity OF the various iron and steel
plants IS presented by the enormous orders Of
the great concerns for pig iron. Although there
was reduction II the price Of copper last week
the trade continued moderately active, with
every indication of improvement N the balance
OF the year. Copper is ruling at prices
which bring profitable results TO the producers.
Whiio the manufacturers who are heavy users
Oh copper are making such large profits on their
goods lhat the increase in the price OF the metal
mas not oeen burden to them. 1t IS estimated
oy people VINO are well Informed regarding the
trade that the consumption of copper will be
heavier this year than in any year in the his
tory Of the country. and It is therefore fortunate
that such valuable streaks Of new copper have
been discovered recently In the great Montana
mining camps. According to the reports re-
ceived from trustworthy sources the new ore
discoveries in the Anaconda and other mines
have added millions OF actual value to the prop
critics and have assured an enormous production
Tor years to coma, notwithstanding Mr.. Law
sons statement that the Analgamated Com
panys properties have been worked out Rail-
road earnings in all parts of the United States
show heavy gains compared with preceding
years. bank clearings heavy and all reports
received by the New-York commercial agencies
from the various departments OF trade indicate
that there is to be setback in the country's
industrial prosperity in the near future There
are no indications of overstimulation in trade
and the fact that conditions are so extremely
satisfactory in the business world has induced
unusual confidence IN Wall Street over the
future Of the stock market. Foreign investors
are actively buying first class American bonds
and If the movement continues it will become
an important factor in the foreign exchange
market While imports of merchandise are ex-
tremely heavy, exports are much larger, the
shipments in the month of December, for in
stance. breaking all records the excess over
imports amounting in value to over 1000 00o
1t is estimated that there are outstanding for
eign loans in this market to the extent of over
$lOO.O0O.OOO. If exports continue at heavy
rate and foreign investors purchase our bonds
in large quantities the obligations of this coun-
try abroad will be easily handled.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
GOVERNMENT BONDS.

Government bond quotations compare as follows
with those OF a week ago:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
SAYS SPEEDING SENATOR ESCAPED.

George L Lighthead, Of Detroit. when arratened
in the Harlem Police Court yesterday for alleged
speeding in automobile. declared that the chant
feur of the machine told him that Bicycle Patrol
man Manwarfng. who arrested him, had stoUped
the same machine for speeding earlier In the dav
but released 1t when he was told that the occupant
was State Senator. Lighthead refused 10 givs
the name of this Senator. Magistrate Crane de
clared that he believed the policeman that All sr
tomobilsts dsregarded the rights of pedestrians
and thai magistrates who treated them as they de-
served, as he did were abused for protecting the
people. He held Jdghthead for trial The prisoner
declared that when the case was heard he would
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22

midland r Of n IS. A Sc o.. rs
sSIorris q Essex LIST rs. 1914. N y -''.. ~
40 COR Is 1918. & d - a n .Us
>ySN,arS con Gas Co con IS. lg+s' ! -
NsUsrIS cas- Co list IS. 1914. o. -. "
Sewark pass r con IS. 1850 y = 4S 1880. =
Nsw-BTuns Light, Heat s. PowSr, ~ - a LIZ
Nev-Jersey zinc Co LIST Is, ls5oss = Sss Us
az v q Greenwood Lake bs. ls4o' go I'D ~
Nv q Hoboker Ferry Co gen os @y1SS .t0
~ YSN ] Ferry CO % es. l94o; osn n n. .ks'
NY&NJ Telephone Co LIST 2 Ss ~ - a A.
q \ ] Water Co LIST as lt-V& NJ s ",
Ruth q Sub Gas Co com %, SO 20 n q ..ls'
IVY Sua a Western Term os 1SsS2' a III
North Hndson CO Ry LIST IS. 1914. . .ls
do conn S. 1928. J s. ...-...''''' .'-,,,.....lss
40 ext 5s 1924 NJ & NJ :oos5 a o.. ..lss
North Hudson I. II s. p Co Is. ivy; -. u
Norm Jersey st Ry As. 19lS. N q = q Dec.
orange Il PasseIc Val LIST 5S. 49,. S....kes
Passaic lighting Co list Os. lV-o' = ..,..-lsss.
do I'd , Ss 81, isV =, Il, As 1890 o.-.'..al
Passaie Gas Light Co list es 10 n ~
patterson nv % list g. 1905 J = G.,....lnss
PATERSON civ Ry Co LIST is. lgOi' . -.......lS1
do con as 1881 J s d.. .......!!vsss
do 9d 6S 1904 \ s. o. :, 'iens .....',s,s
Paterson Electric Light Co lst "a M .....s.,se
paterson Gas Light CO LIST IS. lSO0'
Paterson 8 Pas Gen Eles co CON -
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
NEW-JERSEY SECURITIES.
BONDS.

Revised daily by j. Thomas Reiuhard, wail-st1
american Dock & Imp Co SIS 1921. J & J....IIIA
Bergen Turnpike Co LIST 5s. 1881 & J....... 100
brunswick Traction Co as. lot6. ......... 9Th
Camden & Trenton Ry LIST IS. 1923. NJ N....l0o 10ls
DO gen bs, 1871. .-..-..-..-..-... 90 92
Camden Suburban Ry IS. 1915. =
Central Electric o n ! LIST 5s. 1885, j & J. N NJ
Citizens, Electric Co LIST 6s. 1915 NJ s NJ. %
Consol Traction Co OF n LIST 5s. 1888 & D. iOS 1Oo
Consumers Light II & p Co 5s. 1855. & j.. iO9
Edison Icl III Co PatersoO LIST 5s. 1912 & j. 100
DO gen o. 1926. & D. ..................~..i OI
Elz. Pl & Cen Jer Ry LIST 5s, 1880 J & d 0S 100
Elizabeth Il Rartan Street 1884 OK
Essex Passenger r II Us. 1908. NJ a N. lO0Js IOJ
Gas Fvc Co OF Berg Co LIST 0s. 1G49 J & d 100 i09
Ha ace e5 aSSA Water Co ist a. 1852 % @
Hoboken Ferry Co list con Os 1915 NJ lOe+s 1ioi,
Hoboken Land & Imp Co bs 1910. & N. loo ~ -
Hudson County Gas co LIST 5s. 104p s M 07 1Os
Jersey City Electric Light CO Is 1000 -. i0S ~
Jersey city. Hob & p IS. & N
Jersey City s. Berg Il II LIST Aus. 1913 : q J. Ios -
sLehigh Valley Terminal bs A &
Long Dock. Erie II r ds. 1885 A 4 o.. .iS4N
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
sex interest. ts20F.

500 SOS. 600 Total sales for the week.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
BANK EXCHANGES; SALES RECORDED.

The bank exchanged Of the New-York Clearing
House and the stocks sold tee New-York Stock
Exchange last week and for the week OF the
preceding two years compare SIS follows:
Jan. 20. '0S Jan Jan %. 'O4.
Exchanges S26Ss. I3z 227 e23
IA shares so.d e.769.se e.0lT6p9
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1906-01-22
RAILROAD AND OTHER STOCKS.

In
week
the week and the nigh and
ebighan low riot
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-07-23
Closing Prices.

The following are the closing prices reported by Prince & Whitely. Bankers and Brokers. 25 Broadway. New York. and 15 Center street, New Haven: