The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-19

lated Of any Of the large cities Of the United
States to stand q severe earthquake shook
as most Of the residence part OF the city
wal built Of wood, against just such con-
tingencies, while the newer buildings in the
business region were all steel frames and
less liable to damage than mere stone walls
In this connection he said:
Il see by the first reports from San Fran
cisco that the st. Francis Hotel has stood
the shock and that is one OF the most modern
buildings in the city
ROCKS NEAR MOLTEN MATTEL SLIPPED.
In connection with the general subject
of such disturbances Mr.. Hayes said:
Such a shock as they bad in San Fran.
cisco is probably due 10 the slipping of the
surface rocks to adjust themselves to
changed conditions inside the earth. The
interior OF the earth lie probably not in a
molten state. except in the region OF some
of the volcanoes, but after you get down q
distance of sixty or seventy miles the rocks
are practically In a fluid state from the
immense pressure ON top Of them. They
act like a liquid and they flow to adjust
themselves to changed conditions, When
you come nearer the surface, where the
blIhbd aIo u Ahu piibtiCt III etiPPAAA
| Of a part OF the earth's crust along the line
Of a fault will give you just the conditions
that attended the shock in San Francisco.
The earth, take it as a whole, is a very I'm
easy body, and is in a state of constantly
| changing equilibrium. When the foupda-
tions deep down change there has to be an
adjustment Of the surface like the break
| up of ice on a river and a readjustment Of
. .la llN,l.a 10 nanh xthA- tn NJ ia autln~tlxY
what has just happened on the Pacific
coast"
Mr.. Hayes said also that it probably
would be found thu. the disturbance at
San Fran cisco had been accompanied by
considerable changes in the level Of the
ocean of the coast. But whether this will
be enough to make any practical difference
to navigation will, Of course, have to await
further soundings and surveys. He did
not think that there was any connection
to be traced between the outbreak Of Mount
Vesuvius and the disturbance at San Fran
cisco, both probably being purely local
events.
CHICAGO, April lS.-Dr. Rollin D. Sails
bury. professor Of geographic geology OF
the University Of Chicago, declared to-day
there can be no connection between the
eruption Of veenvius and the seismic dis
turbanoe in San Francisco.
DR.. Salisbury, who is recognized as one
Of the greatest authorities in matters OF
geology, said to-day;
Several sorts OF disturbances In the
outer portion OF the earth cause earth
quakes. The most common cause probably
il the deep fracturing Of the rocks and the
slipping of the strata on opposite sides OF
the fracture.
Another cause Of earthquakes is found
in volcanic disturbances. This cause, SO far
as known, has no application to the Cali
fornia region at the present time. Earth
quakes attending volcanic eruptions prob
ably are attributable to the fracture and
displacement Of rock resulting from the
penetration Of lava into the outer Fart of
the earth's crust or to rapid or unequal heat
ing due to the penetration of the lava.
Earthquakes are also sometimes due
to the sudden generation or cooling Of steam
in underground conduits, c~revices and
caverns. The action possibly is In some
cases Of the water hammer type"
BosToE, April lS.-Prof. William H..
Pickering OF the Harvard Department OF
Astron omy, expressed the opinion that
the causes OF the Pacific coast disturbance
were local and nowise attributable to the
recent eruption Of Vesuvius.
PHILADELPHIA, April 1s,-The San Fran
CISCO disaster found the leading scientists
Of the earth gathered in Philadelphia for
the Franklin bioentennial.
DR.. W. j. Holland, who recently returned
from a trip in which he devoted his time
to an exhaustive study OF volcanoes and
earthquakes in Japan and along the western
coast Of this country, thinks there is a great
connection between this earthquake and
recent reports which have come Of great
volcanic activity on the part Of Mount
Rainier.
Mount Rainier was the warning Of the San
Francisco disaster. 1t may presage far
greater disaster. In my opinion the whole
Pacific Coast is in danger Of subsistence. I
nave seen q mountain az high and as great as
Mount Washington slowly disappear and
empty itself out through the crater Of a
nearby volcano, leaving a great hole where
the mountain had been"
DR.. Holland was asked il the heavy noun
tain ranges 80 near the Western coast did
not by their weight endanger the land near
the ocean by causing frequent earthquakes
at the points Of least resistance. He said
that this is undoubtedly true and that the
danger extended along the entire coast
He said that many new volcanoes would
probably be formed along the Western coast
aud that more earthquakes may be looked
for,