Churchill standard. (Fallon, Nev) 1903-1908, 1906-02-10

in the House, which after some discus
sion was passed by that BODY No az.
ton was taken, however, by Ine oen
ate but after adjournment the SENATE
| Committee on Interstate Commelee
held extended hearings, and during the
present Congress there has been a
flood of railroad rates bills IN poth
houses. ranging all the way from Tue
interstate Commerce Commission Dill,
which Is generally considered as the
| administration measure, TO bills widely
| and radically different in their pro-
visions. Bills have been introduced by
Senator Dolliver of Iowa, by Senator
Foraker of Ohio, by Senator Eiklns or
Virginia, the Chairman of the Senate
interstate Commerce Committee, by
Senator MORGAN of Alabama, by Sena-
tor Culberson of Texas, by Representa-
tive Hepburn of Iowa, the chairman OF
the railroad rate COMMITTEES" OF the
House, by Representative Hogg OF
Colorado; also the Interstate Com
merce Commission bill and various
others.
Senator Morgan recently made the
first argument in the Senate on the
rate question, in support OF his bill,
which provides for the regulation OF
railroad rates through the regular
courts of the country. Senator Elkins'
bill also proposes that the Fenerai
courts shall determine whether rates
are excessive, and provides for an III
junction against any road which Is
found to be charging an excessive rate.
The bill which has been introduced by
Representative Hogg, formulated by
Judge Peter Grosscup OF the United
| States District Court of Chicago VINO
rendered the decision against the Beer
Trust, provides for a special railroad
court to decide all such matters.
Judge Grosscup's bill establishes seven
| Courts of Transportation, situated In
| different sections of the country, TO
try the particular cases arising within
their territory. During a stated period
of each year the judges OF the seven
courts are to meet together and hold
court en- banc in Washington or else
where, just as the Supreme Court OF
the United States sits together for a
stated term, after having held individ.
ual court in the different Federal dis
tricts of the United States. There is
right of appeal from this Court OF
Transportation to the Supreme Court
of the United States. 1t Is argued in
favor of this bill that inasmuch as
railroad rate matters, even where
they are decided upon by the Inter
state Commerce Commission, must f.
nally go to court, the matter can be
simplifed by having them considered
in the beginning by this Court OF
Transportation, Also that this Court
of Transportation having no other
business to attend to, a try the rail
road cases much more quickly than
the regular courts, while the members
will be experts on the subject, making
the subject the study of their lives.
The Grosscup bill also continues the
work of the Interstate Commerce
Commission with some modification in
organization, authorizing that body to
arbitrate railroad matters wherever
possible and to act as counsel or at
torney for the shipper or complainant,
at the Governments expense, wherever
any case of controversy arises between
the shipper and the railroads.
This bill is favored as a measure
whose provisions overcome the danger
which it is stated would arise from
the creation of a Commission at Wash
ington which would hold the vast rail-
road interests of the United States in
the hollow of its hand. There Is an
apparently growing sentiment among
many people that to constitute any
body of men a political commission
with such vast power as the ability to
make or unmake any railroad rate on
the 10000 miles of railroad in the
country, woule afford such an enor-
nous centralized power as has never
heretofore been dreamed of by the
/ most radical advocates of the central
| government idea as against the diffu-
sion OF power among the people and
the several States. 1t is realized that
such power in the hands of any ad-
ministration would, If misused in n
degree, make p~oseih1e the indefinite
continuance in power of that political
party and require an absolute uprising
of the entire nation, en- masse, to bring
about political changes.
The great number of railroad bills
thus far introduced and which are be-
ing widely discussed, show that there
is as yet no general capitalization OF
sentiment on the subject and that
statesmen and supposed specialists. to
say nothing of the average individual
throughout the country, are In q recep-
tive mood and seeking for Information