davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
INGENIOUS WORK
OF SCIENTIFIC MAN
Apparently Makes Cat Undergo Won
derfuI Geological and Chemical
Transformation.

When we happen to witness phe-
nomenon which seems to violate nat
ural laws we are not likely to forget
Its cause IL it be explained to US. The
following experiment. which l devised
for my students. helped them to un-
dcrstand as well as to remember some
chemical data, says DIR. Gustavc
Michaud in the Scientific American:
white cat, made of flexible paste
beard and imprisoned in glass jar. is
shown to the audience. The lecturer
announces that without opening the
jar or even touching 1t he will cause
the cat to undergo a geological as well
as a chemical transformation. He
takes the support of the jar and pushes
1t forward in full view of the students
The change occurs almost instanta-
neously. The cat takes a rich orange
color on which black transversal
stripes rapidly paint themselves. The
cat has become tiger
The whole transformation is pro-
duced by emanations of hydrogen sui
phide, which is generated in the jar
The cat has been previously coated
with a solution OF chloride OF antimony
wherever the orange hue was to be
produced, and with a solution of basic
acetate of lead wherever the black
stripes were to appear. Both solutions
arc colorlesS- After the coated cat
has been introduced In his glass cage
small piece of pastehoard is placed
under the wooden support SO as slight
Iy to incline the jar forward.
A few decigrammes of pulverized
sulphide of iron folded in piece of
blotting paper are deposited behind the
cat on the elevated side of the bottom
o< the jar Two or three cubic cent?
meters of diluted sulphuric acid are
dropped with pipette on the opposite
side. When the performer wishes the
transformation to take place he takes
the wooden support and pushes 1t for
ward as If he wanted to enable every
body to see better what is going to
happen. BY so doing he suppresses the
slight inclination which kept the iron
sulphide beyond the reach of the sui
phuric acid. The gas is evolved and
the formation of the orange sulphide
o. lead takes place in a few seconds.
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
HERDING BALTIC EELs.

According to the Biological Society Of
Copenha gen. a very interesting and
novel experiment. is shortly to be made
in the northern portion OF the narrow
straits called the Little Belt"
Electric lamps are TO be nxed at the
bottom Of the sea. with a view to pre-
venting the conger eeIs from making
their way out into the open sea, to the
great detriment OF the coast fishing
industry.
A popularity Of the eel is that n
shows a marked fear OF light To
such an extent is this the fact that the
conger viii not migrate to the open sea
when the moon Is at the full
This weakness is to be turned 10
good account in order to eonfne the
eorgers within the limits OF the Little
Belt. This will be done by having the
northern egress of the straits brilliant
ly illuminated by means of groups Of
powerful electric lamps securely fast
ened at the bottom OF the sea. so as TO
control the point OF exit In question
Scientific American
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
FAUNA FOUND IN sUBwAYs.

The story goes that "a scarlet but
terfly" has been caught in g. London
"twopenny tube" car. It's entomology
cal style and title are not known; but
1t is, we fear. too much to hope that
the tubes" are beginning to produce
q characteristic fauna. All the same
it almost looks like it when we re-
member that there Is no known British
butterfly which is scarlet. Even the
cinnabar moth is but half red. 1t may
be, of course, that the effect of tubes"
on the coloring of insects is as marked
as their effect on the coioring of human
beings. What turns US pallid may give
an insect what we consider a healthy
color.
But an explanation has occurred to
US which completely fits the facts, and
of romantic interest. A collection of
butterflies having. at great expense, Sc
cured living chrysalis of some rare
and beautiful butterfly from the Lesser
Antilles, was taking II home in pill
box from his office in the city, whence
he is In the daily habit of travelling to
Bayswater by tube" Unable to con-
tain his joy. he produced the pill-box
in the carriage and gayed long and
ardently at his treasure. The train
stopping with something of a jerk at
(say) Marble Arch, the chrysalis few
from its receptacle and was irrecov-
erably lost on the floor of the crowded
carriage. Mondays heat brought out
the butterfly, which had rolled into a
safe corner under the seat. What could
be sinpler?-London Daily News.
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24

Jupiter PIuvius put in an unlocked
for appearance yesterday and as a re-
suit Of his visit it was impossible to
play the usual Sunday morning game
At Idora Park. but on a sticky diamond
that improved as the game progressed
in the afternoon Oakland and Los An
geles pat up one Of the cleanest cut
articles OF baseball seen at Idora Park
in a long time The Oaks gave the
Angels the light end Of l 70 score.
but they didn't DO it until two were
down in the ninth.
For eight innings the Commuters
were compelled 70 exhibit one little
single. which Kruger got in the first.
as the sum total OF their gieanings
with the stick. Farmer Burns was
handing them package after package
and the big fellow was in such fine
form that when Gates and Smith made
outs in the ninth and Van Haltren,
whom he had bunaloed all the after
noon, was at bat there happened
TO be nothing 10 it but little more
formaiity.
But Van cracked a chop hit straight
at the pitcher and by a jump he could
only defect the ball 10 Randolph and
the old-timer beat II TO first. Then
Burns hit Kruger and Heitmuller faced
him with two on bases. Heine shot
one which Toman, playing in Goch-
naueTS place at snort cOuiQ DdE6ly
reach and the little fellows attempt to
force Kruger at second failed The
bases were full and. the issue was
squareiy before Tom Hackett The
chunky catcher was equal to the emer
gency with a slippery hit past McCiel-
Ian to Ellis. and Van Haitren, who had
been prancing on third. drilled over the
plate with the solitary run Of the day.
Frank Dillon, who manages the Los
Angeles team, played his usual game on
first until the seventh. At this point
Dillon hit a clean single past Francks,
but Perrine called him out for turning
the wrong way after he hal reached
first. and subsequently had to put
him out of the game for kicking.
Eagar filled in at the initial sack, and
as Randolph was playing second when
Toman substituted for Gochnauer on
account of Goch leaving the game
with e strained side, the infeld present
ed a patched-up appearance. In spite
OF so much shifting the only error of
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
Boeddiker of the Olympic Club
First at Willow Camp.
BY r. r. l.Ho1,rnedieu.

It was pleasing to the officers of the
Dipsea Indians to see the big turn
out of the cross-country runners yes
terday morning when the first tryout
was called over the course from Mill
Valley to Willow Camp. Fully thirty
athletes went over on the S:25 a. m.
boat for Mill Valley. When they left
the city it was raining hard and when
they came out of the clubhouse of the
Mill Valley Athletic Club it was rain
ing even harder. Most of those who
appeared at the starting line were high
school enthusiasts. They left their
Valley and went over in the rain in
running togs.
The first part of the run was taken
at an easy pace. The course was a lit
tie wet but the rain had not softened
the trail enough to make it slippery.
It was merely little heavy. When the
boys reached the first bad hill the sun
commenced TO break through the clouds
and by the time Redwood Canyon was
reached the trail was completely dry.
From this point to the Bungalow, at
Willow Camp, the race for the medals
offered by Big Chief Fitzpatrick and
Fred Burgess took place.
1t was a scratch syent, open only to
the high school boys and members of
the olympic CluD. 1l1S limited the
number in the eompetllicn, but the
others who went along gave the con-
testants a hard run. The only one to
beat out Otto Boeddiker, the winner of
the event, was C. Connolly, who took
the time prize at the big event last
year.
NORMAN rs SECOND.
Boeddiker was closely followed by
E. Norman, who was in fine condition
and gave the winner hard
run for the honors of the day. Both
of these athletes represented the Olym-
pic Club. The third to finish was j.
S. Kelly of St Ignatius. Then came
Arnold Brown, John o. Little, Samuel
Jacobs and Carl Daniles, of the Cali
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
Paul ZONES, 4Descendant... !.

Although John Paul Jones was nevar
married. this is a fact of which many
Americans appear 10 be ignorant
Among the thousands of applications
received by the Secretary of the NAVY
for tickets TO the memorial services AZ
Annapolis on April "a, when the body OF
the naval hero was transferred to Ban
croft Hall, were letters from three
American citizens claiming to be de-
scen6ants of John Paul Jones with
characteristic tact the Secretary SEM
the tickets. but explained to the writer's
that they probably were descended from
one of the listers OF John Paul Jones.
II was these sisters who presented to n
graduate of the Naval Academy thu
miniature of their brother painted on
ivory by the Countess de la vendahl
which is now preserved at the Naval
Academy and is regarded the most al
thentic likeness of John Paul Jones
The reverse of the miniature is a hair
locket containing locks of the ad-
mirals hair and his initials. with
Houdon's bust and the likeness shown
on the gold medal voted by Congress To
John Paul Jones in 1887 and executed
under his personal supervision by Du
pre-, the miniature forns the third OF
a trio OF what is thought TO be fairly
accurate likenesses of Americas first
naval hero.-Boston Transcript
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
OUR SUPPLY OF FIXED
NITROGEN DIMINISHING
Eminent Chemist Says That Before
Long We VIII Have to sfoIfne''
the Atmosphere.

II the well known English chemist
Sir William Ramsay Is TO be trusted.
the world in consequence OF its neces-
stiles is soon to have forced upon IL
the need of what may be termed min
ing in the air The worlds supply OF
fixed nitrogen is being rapidly exhaust
ed Up to two or three generations ago
the production OF fixed nitrogen through
animal agencies was quite as great and
perhaps greater than the exhaustion OF
nitrogen through distinctly human
agencies Our modern systems of ag-
riculture tend to exhaust the nitrogen
that may happen TO be in the soil and
that which the plants absorb from the
atmosphere is altogether too clight
to replenish the supply thus exhausted.
The present principal source OF COM
bined nitrogen, in the form OF what Is
known as sodium nitrogen or Chile
saltpeter, is found on the eastern slope
OF the Andes in a narrow zone hardly
two miles in breadth The present ex-
ports of nitrates from this source
amount to 100000 tons a year. having
a value of approximately $50. 600 000
and in another generation more there
is reason for believing that this supply
will be used up.
We are running through our sewers
that Is. where municipal sewerage sys-
TENS exist--combined nitrogen to the
annual value of the yearly exports from
Is probable that the cost of collecting
this would In most instances prove an
insuperable barrier to it's use.
1t is pointed out. however. that unless
some means can be found Of making
good the now annual exhaustion one OF
the physical bases OF modern civilfza-
tion will be undermined Apparently
1t is not necessary TO use nitrates as
fertilizers for the production OF rice
which is the staple food of the Eastern
World. 1T Is. however. necessary in
order to maintain the fertility of wheat
fields to use nitrates as fertilizers
II the wheat eaters. in contradistinc-
tion to the rice eaters, OF the world are
to hold their own then in a relative1y
short time more some new. iadepenG--
ent and reasonably cheap source of sup
ply must be found from which ixed
nitrogen can be obtained.
Sir William Ramsay believes that we
must ind this, as to some extent we
are already finding it. by procuring
combined nitrogen from the atmosphere
He says that it is easy TO calculate that
the air over each square mile OF the
earth's surface contains enough nitro
gen IN the free state to AFFORD plant
food for over sixty years worlds con-
sumption II only IL were combined and
he estimates the value Of this nitrogen
in the air covering a square mile OF
earth at $4,000. 100000 at the present
price Of this material.
1t is evident from this that IL our
wheat eating civilization fails 1T will
not be because the material substances
necessary to maintain it is not within
close reach OF u.s. The problem, how
ever. which has thus far been only
partly solved. is to extract this IN sum
Client quantities to make IL a merchant
able commodity. and this at a price
which those who wish to use II can at
ford to pay.-Boston Herald
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
YACHTsMEN ENTERTAIN
PRESS CLUB MEMBERS
Successful CIambalxe Given by the San
Francisco Yacht Club at
Paradise Cove.

Seventy-five members of the San
Francisco Press Club left the pier at
tho foot Of Jackson street yesterday
morning on Captin Leale's steamer
Caroline to spend the day at Paradise
Cove as the guests or the San Fran
cisco Yacht Club. A stop was made at
the clubhouse in Sausalito 10 take on
members from that side of the bay and,
about a hundred strong. the club drew
up at the wharf in Paradise Cove for
one Of the most successful outings in
the history OF the organization. Com
modore J. n Punnett was there to well
come the visitors with about one hun
dred and Fifty Of his yachtsmen. A
most enjoyable day -Tas spent, the
menu consisting Of chowcer, hot
roasted corn and watermelon The
curlew. Surprise. Challenger. Annie and
a number OF their sister yachts were
on hand and launches were at the dis
posal Of the clubs guests. James w.
Scott made the address on behalf of
the Press Club. and a witty response
was made for the Yacnt Club by Com
nodore Punnett- Otaer addresses fol-
LEVIED and a slight deviation from the
usual programme was permitted 10 al
low the hanging Of one of the members
az the Press Club. who was duly tried
and convicted by jury. The members
of the Press Club left a little after 8
O'Clock for Sausaiito. many staying
over fer the evening jinks at the head
quarters Of the Yacht Club in Sausa-
ITO
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
MANAGER WATCHES
YOUNG CORBETT
SHAPE UP.

PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 2a.--As a
guarantee that Young Corbett. who is
matched to fight Terry McCiovern six
rounds before the National Athletic
Club in this city on October S, is busy
getting himself in perfect condition for
battle, Manager Jack McGuigan has de-
cided to spend the greater part of the
time before the fight at Corbett's train
ing quarters near New York. McGui-
gan is determined that Corbett shall be
at his best for the fight. Corbctt, how
ever, loves the gay life SO well that
McGuigan has decided to take no
chances and every second day or so the
manager will spend the entire twenty
four hours at Corbetts quarters, rush
ing the Denverite through his PAGES.
Joe Humphreys will superintend Ter
rvs work and McGuigan has Joes word
for Terry's training efforts. Interest In
the bout is growing hourly here with
McGoyern the favorite in the betting.
Corbett, however. has that same old list
of admirers who always cling to his
varying fortunes. Already scores of
applications for seats have been re-
ceived and despite the advance in price
the club expects a packed house. Sew
eral bets have been recorded with
McGovern 10 to Z favorite.
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
The Largest Newspaper.

The largest newspaper ever published
IN this or any other country was the
Illuminated Quadruple Constellation
which was issued in New York City on
July 4, 1859. 1t was a $4,000 edition
and was sold at so cents per copy. The
size OF the page of this sheet was 10
by 100 inches, or almost forty-nine
square feet 1t was an eight-page
paper. thirteen columns to the page, or
total of 1o+ columns. each y-eight
inches in length It was illustrated
with good portraits of President Bu-
chanan. Edward Everett Henry Ward
Beecher. N. P. Banks. e, H. Chaplin.
Horace Greeley, Elizabeth Barrett
Browning, Alexander Won Humboldt,
James G. Bennett and several others.
The paper contained thirty-six different
poems entire. one of them having as
many as sixty-four eight-line verses
among other articles Of special note
was the celebrated Moon Hoax pub
iished in 1895 It required the work
or forty persons ten hours per day for
eight weeks to s'get out" this mammoth
papsr.--London Globe.
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24

fornia School of Mechanical Arts OF
this quartet Arnold Brown, who made
his initial trip over the mountains. was
surprise. Brown is but a mere strip
ling. but he showed lot OF quality.
S. Meagher, another boy from the c.
s. M. A., showed UP as a conner. He
is only sixteen years old. but had lots
of speed.
Andrew A. Giarner was the pacemak-
er for the boys. He cut out a splendid
pace, hoping to give them a good hard
run. Glarner was not out in running
togs and the extra clothing was too
much of handicap. for the athletes
hung on to him and at the finish they
had enough left to beat out the vet
eran.
THE "ALSO RAMS.
The others who finished with the
leaders, but who were not competing
for the prizes were: C. Hartly, the old
campaigner who was the oldest man in
the run last year; J. c. Levy. Y. NJ. G.
A; r. Van Acker, unattached: H l..
Groves and ID. Holland, unattached; i;
Robert Furlong of the c., 8. M. A; c.
Gebhardt. unattached: e. Murray, st.
Ignatius Gymnasium. and ]. Grove of
the Olympic. Club.
The boys arrived at the Bun gaIow a
little after eleven a. m. and after a
rest took a dip in the ocean. This was
followed by luncheon, given by the
Dipsea Indians. Early in the afternoon
the word was given for the return home
and those who raced over took up the
trial on the return. 1t was an easy
pace back to Mill Valley.
At the big run on October the In
dians will hold big barbecue on the
beach.
Among the Indians who were at the
Bungalow were: T. I. Fitzpatrick, AL
Coney, Martin Brandenstein, Fred
Hunt, Louis Ferrari, DR.. Harrington.
DR.. Beardsley. Bert Kleinhaus and
Charles Boas.
c. Connolly. the noted runner. Is run
ming in the colors of the Sarsfield Ath-
letic Club located in the Potrero.
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
origin OF staffoner.

According to Pierre de Blois, the title
"stationer was applied to one class
of bookseller long before the seven
teenth century. though that may have
to any seller of books He distinguishes
between the librarii and the stationarif.
who had both become so numerous in
Paris in 1883 that certain regulations
had to be made for their control The
former were agents for the sale and
loan of manuscripts. large sum OF
money being deposited when a manu-
script was lent. while the latter, al
lowed to have stations or stalls in the
markets, were sellers and ccpiers of
manuscripts. At the time he wrote
there were twcrty-nine brokers and
statiopers in Paris not a very danger
olIs number. one would think. consider
ing that Paris from the twelfth to the
fifteenth century was considered the
chief seat of learning. Stand.
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
pEEp OF isis JUST rILEp.

deed was filed on Friday in the
Queens County Clerks office in ia
n1aica of a conveyance OF about eight
acres of woodland In East Jamaica bv
Daniel Gracy TO Jeremiah Skidmore for
$3.50. The deed is dated May 8, 1915.
and was only fled few days ago in
order that clear title could be given
to the property, which has recently
been sold.
This parcel. conveyed in 1915 for $3.50.
was but a few days ago sold for $4,000
an acre. or $4,000 for the same parcel.
The paper upon which the deed was
drawn has a rough face and is squite
yellow from age and the writing is
much fadded.
The property is situated between
Fullerton street and Hillside avenue. a
location that is expected to shortly feel
the building boom, as building sites are
being bought in that vicinity daily by
hom eseekers.-Brooklyn Eagle
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
JOKER JARS ~JAr Nox ranEr. ).

Practical jokers throughout the
country are trying TO have fun with
Government officers as a result az fbe
sinplifed spelling order issued bv the
President. Letters have been received
In Washington during the past week
or so addressed to ''Theodoor Rozv-
felt One came to the Treasury De-
partment in which Supervising Arcbi
tect Taylor was addressed IN this wise
Jay Nox Taller, supervising arkitekt."
The Civil Service Commission mas l,eer
deluged with letters on the subject Of
phonetic spelling
The commission Is a long while ~~t-
ting to It, but. out OF respect for fhs
man who first put life into the bodv
II for no other reason. will soon follow
the lead of Mr. Roosevelt into the field
OF new orthography.--New York COM
mercial.
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
VARIETIES OF CoRDIALs
MADE By MONKS
Secret of the Ingredients Used I'm These
Lfqueurs Is Jealously
Guarded.

Those sweet, perfumed alcoholic bev-
erages called cordials, which have be-
come so popular in the saloons and
cafes OF America and upon the dinner
table, originated mostly on the conti-
nent Of Europe.
Some have history extending over
centuries. yet the secret of their manu-
the monastic communities in which
they were first produced remain in sole
possession of the recipes and enjoy the
proceeds Of the monopoly.
Dating from about the year $50,
benedictins is regarded as the most
ancient OF liqueurs. 1t was not until
1900 that Dom Bernardo Vincelh. a
monk of the abbey OF Fecamp, who had
profound knowledge of plants and
herbs. succeeded in making a cordial
which preserves the name and fame of
the order.
Another popular cordial, chartreuse,
Is named after the original Carthusian
monastery, founded in the eleventh
century in France.
The liqueur Is distilled from various
herbs which are supposed to possess
peculiar stimulating and aromatic
properties. The monastery which is
the home of chartreuse manufacture
has long been a famous resort for visi-
tors and the order is supposed to have
been considerably enriched by the rev.
enues from sales
Curacao cordial is made from the
dried peel Of oranges grown on a
Dutch West Indian island that gives
the product it's name Most of the
liqueur is manufactured in Holland. to
which country the peel is taken.
After being carefully dried the
orange peel is macerated with water
and then distilled with spirits and
water. When taken from the still the
liquid is sweetened with sugar and :
little Jamaica rum is added.
A highly favored ltqueur is maras-
chino. made from bruised cherries.
Both the wild and the cultivated va
rieties OF cherries are used for the
purpose. This cordial Is very popular
Kirschwasser is also distilled from
bruised cherries.
Kummel, another sweetened spirit
imported from Germany and Russia.
derives its name from the German word
for the herb cumin, with which il il
generally favored, although caraway
seeds are also used for favoring it.
Aniseed cordial. often taken as >
stomach tonic, Is made by 1ayoring a
weak spirit with aniseed, coriander
and sweet fennei seed. Creme de
menthe is a popular drink made of the
ordinary sweetened gin. Favored with
the essential oil of peppermint previ-
eusly rubbed up with refined sugs-.
The San Francisco call., 1906-09-24
NEW yoRK,s VAST pEpr.

The gross Indebtedness of New York
is greater than that or the Chinese En-
pire. The cost OF operating the cfty's
government for one year almost equals
the annual expenditures of both Lon
don and Paris combined. New York
pays out in salaries alone the vast sum
of $65.0oo,000 yearly. or as much as
London spends for its entire admins
tration. At the present time there are
$4,000 men and women on New York's
pay roll. OF every 500 that a New
Yorker pays in rent it is estimated that
$12.25 goes into the pockets OF munich
pal servants --Chicago, Chronicle