davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

through the envelope of air. we find Just
what is the rate at which the sun is actu-
ally throwing off heat. This rate varies
Independently of the change In our atmos-
phere, and Its variations, which are more
OF less irregular, are probably caused by a
greater or less permeability of the sun
own atmosphere. These variations gen
orally occur only two or three times year
suggested, and once the change Is DEN
nitely noted It may be as safe to predict
a radical change in an entire season =
whether 1t will be unusually cold or wet
as 1t now is to forecast change OF local
weather for mere day.
Few of US realize the enormous bulk OF
the sun. If 1t were followed out and our
earth placed in the center our moon might
continue revolving on its orbit about u.s.
all within the hollow sun itself without ap-
preaching to the outside. The instruments
al the astrophysical observatory indicate
that the temperature of this enormous orb
Is over 10000 degrees Fahrenheit. The
greatest heat ever generated on earth is
only about half as great.
On looking at the suns image through
telescope one sees that the luminous disk
is not quite equally bright all over, but
Is slightly darker toward the edges. This
is because the sun has a gaseous envelope
or atmosphere which at the edges acts like
our own atmosphere, at sunrise or sunset,
When the latter 1ntercepts more light than
at noon. This envelope is of the greatest
consequence to US and regulates for our
use the heat of the sun, from which is de-
rived every earthly thing which has life.
Were this gaseous solar covering removed
our sphere would be unfit for habitation.
We would all frtZzle up.
At times this envelope of atmosphere
about the sun becomes hazy, much as does
our own atmosphere.
When it is more haZy the radiation of the
sun heat through it seems to correspond
ingly decrease and 1t seems to grow colder
upon earth in consequence. Further OBJ
servations along this particular line will be
continued daily at Mt Wilson during the
summer. Mr.. Abbot Will let the image of
the sun drift across a special bolometer
and he will thus measure the variation in
the total amount of light coming from
every point along the suns surface.
At all times on the sun there may be seen
on close examination little irregularities
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

still alive and feel aggrieved. But like all
the rest of my "reminiscences the facts
may be relied upon. She was a fine ship,
and had splendid crew, nearly all Eng
lish, and she had been two years absent
from England. The skipper was a Shet-
landman one of the most splendid old men
I ever knew, and the mate was from the
brave west country We were bound from
New Zealand to Australia, when. owing
to an outburst of enthusiasm, it sugs
gested by the skipper that we should hold
a Good Templars Lodge on board (Which.
as liquor was impossible Of attainment,
was quite easy). An A. B. was lodge dep
uty. arrogating powers from the grand
lodge and sure of q diSpenSation; another
A. B. was made worthy chief tempIar, and
the subordinate Offices such as treasurer,
chaplain and secretary, were left to the
officers The cook and steward both begged
to be excused on the ground that they were
not worthy. l confess that the experiment
appeared to me full of risk especially
when. after the lodge business was trans
acted the meetings always being held in
the cabin, the usual motion was made that
1.-THE lodge do now proceed to harmony"
The unregenerate outside expended their
powers of sarcasm upon u.s. and even
emanated from the cabin could not be
produced without the aid of some more
potent fluid than water But that
libelous, since there was nothing of an in
toxicattng nature on board. One of the
drollest parts of the performance to me
was the expression on the mates face dur
ing the proceedings, Tor ne was man
OF go, a seaman of the old school, while
/ was a mere boy of 20 He was pro-
foundly Disguised with the whole affair,
but his long habit of obedience to the will
of his commander and his strong tee
total principle combined TO make him en-
dure. His penance did not last long. The
ship upon arrival In Adelaide was ordered
to be laid up for sale, and the crew dis
charged. They had two years pay due.
And alas. they fell. The lodge broke up
In the greatest possible disorder, the
worthy chief and the lodge deputy being
arrested on a charge Of being drunk and
disorderly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

though many of the incidents were killingly
funny. He went ashore at Gravesend to
clear the ship, and so did not witness the
pure Joy which greeted our arrival at the
pier head of the East India docks. the
cheer of the gamins, the shrll shrieks OF
the women, as we gravely went about our
work of mooring the ship all in top hats,
but the rest of our costume disgrace to
any rag shop.
was once lamp-trimmer in (for those
days. a fine ship of the A. 8. N. (Austra-
liam Steam Navigation Company, the
Wentworth. And we had, among other
queer souls who ran her fireman of the
Scotch persuasion, named Archie M'Killop.
He was good man, and the most terrible
theologian you would dread to meet His
great fatlfng-I might almost say his one
failing-was whisky. Enforced abstinence
during passage. for the chief officer saw
to 1T that Archie got no liquor between
port and port, led to an outbreak whenever
Archie went ashore. On a memorable oc-
casion he came down to the companys
wharf an hour before his time Che was al
ways punctual was Archie) clad as be-
came an elder of the kirk. in shining
broadcloth regardless of expense or cut,
his long tails almost sweeping the ground,
and his top-hat immaculate in it's glossi-
ness. But alas. he did not steer straight
course, and coming too near the edge of
the wharf. where, 1t being low water, the
multiplied denominations of busy port
had accumulated he fell in, and for mo-
ment was lost to sight in filth. He was
promptly rescued, his saviors hating them
selves for the odors they accumulated, laid
upon the wharf and the fire hose played
upon him. Somewhat cleansed. 1t was no
ticed that he still retained the mummy
like attitude In which he came up from
disaster. And at last investigation re-
vealed the fact that those closed arms
across his breast held bottle of whisky
safe, unbroken through all those yicissi-
tudes And Archie fired his three furnaces
that night southbound. being, his chief
said, worth twice as much drunk as any
other man sober.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

all over the surface of the disk, caused by
bright spots called "faculae," but seen near
the edges. They are brighter than the sun
itself and are caused by metals glowing as
they melt and boil. At other places on
the great orb are seen spots darker than
the remainder of the surface and moving
among themselves like clouds. These sun
spots" supposed to be holes in the solar
surface, are often of enormous size-so
large in fact, that the whole earth might
be dropped into the center of one, like
pea into a thmble," Prof. Langley used
to put IT, In 1903 when the astrophyscal
observatory estimated a fall of from 10 to
10 per cent of the suns radiation, there
had recently been an increase In the spot
tedness of the sun. Thus we nave not
only aziness of the earths atmosphere
and haZiness of the suns atmosphere out
also these spots on the sun as factors In
the decrease of the suns radiation or neat
Increased knowledge of the growth Of
plants is also expected to result from this
interesting work. The band of violet. in
digo, blue. green. yellow, orange and red
rays produced in this order by the sun shin
ing through prism was found by Sir
William Herschel to be supplemented at
either end by rays which produce not color
but heat If a very delicate thermometer
be moved along this band of colors, its
temperature will be raised little in the
green more In the yellow and still more
In the red But it's temperature will go
still higher and then after falling Will
rise again when the red end has been pass
ed and where our eyes see nothing. Prof.
Langley personally explored this invisible
part OF the spectrum below the red. fifteen
or sixteen times as far as 1t had been OBJ
served before he took up the work These
rays, including those beyond the red end
OF the spectrum. have different capacities
for making things grow on earth
q al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

the pilot. for it was our sailing day, and 1t
was necessary to get unmoored early, so
that my lord the skipper might find all
things ready for getting under weigh when
he arrived. The port watch, fairly sober,
but desperately unhappy, responded to the
cry to turn to-" but on finding that their
shipmates had not yet returned retreated
to their dim cave again for another smoke,
nor proffered any reply to the mates fire.
Quent appeals to them. 'Kom long, boys.
We geds retty for unmooring, aind 1t?
tondt want no row ven de oldt man koms,
hey?'
Eight bells Is ami the starboard watch
arrived alongside all together in a large
canoe, and the fun began OF course. they
were drunk, but only in the first good
q joy. The indignation with which they re-
fused assistance the uproarious delight
with which they hailed one anothers sud
den descent into the muddy river, well. /
forgot that there was any danger. and
screamed with shrill delight until my small
sides ached At last all safe board,
and their sable ferryman dismissed they
sought the fo'csle and announced their
intention of liquidating their debts. They
also brought bottles, which being more
carefully looked after than even their own
lives. had safely survived with their dis
tracing contents. An orgie set in among
them all in the fo'c'sle, amid which the
sionally plaintively audible. as he besought
them to turn to-" At last the cook, a
truculent, weather-scarred old seaman OF
over fifty, roared: Boys this square head
of ours worries me. Let's go and tie him
up" A sudden rush followed and pres
main rigging. with spunyard lashings at
wrists and ankles. Don't ask me how these
drunken men did 1t. these things among
sailors are past explanation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29
AT SEA
BY FRANK T. BULLEN.
(AlI Rights Reseryed.)

a general rule the life of the mari
~ ner IS beset with far too much OF
= = the grim tragedy of living for him
10 give full play to the sense of
humor which he possesses in common
with his fellow-men ashore. on board
OF a man-of-war. OF course, there is far
more scope for comedy but there the life
IS so entirely different from that led by
merchant seamen in practically every de-
tail that IL must be treated separately and
by men who have lived it, II IL is to have
any fidelity to fact. and survive the merci-
less criticism TO which 1t would surely ana
rightly be subjected.
Practically the first piece of comedy at
sea that l ever witnessed was on board
my first ship. in Demerara harbor. The
men Of the port watch, four of them. had
received their liberty and such money as
the skipper thought they were entitled to.
and after the time honored debauch ashore
returned on board next morning rather the
worse for wear, but still fairly quiet But
they brought with them sundry bottles OF
new rum. of a strength 10 make any one
but a sailor or an aborigine shudder, and
with typical generosity dispensed 1t lib
orally TO the starboard watch, just shore
ward bound for their twenty-four hours
This hospitality was unnecessary, and
eventually disastrous but II had one pres
ent effect which was good the returning
watch had less TO drink, and were, in con-
sequence, quiet all day; that is. they slept
impervious TO the appeals of the officers to
them to come out and do some work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

all details as related by her master to ours.
In that port there was no law really, the
group of rascals of all natfonalties VINO
composed the inhabitants being above or
beneath all laws. Yet for their own pleas
ure they had elected a huge Greek as a
sort of referee in cases where the dis
putants did not care to resort to the usual
arbitrament of knife or revolver. This
worthy they called Ell Senior Commandante.
To him came the skipper of the Panuca i'm
mediately on arrival, deeming him the
equivalent of chief magistrate. The Greek
received him gravely and proffered refresh
ment of aguardiente (the meeting place was
in rum MILD, then babe him get on with
his yarn. The skipper volubly related how
his men were a recalcitrant crowd, who had
threatened to desert en- bloc on account OF
the well-known high wages ruling here for
seamen. Would he, the commandante.
them in the local Jail for safe keeping until
the Panuca was ready for sea? In which
case the shippers gratitude would be tan
gible and prompt. With swelling chest and
flashing eyes the Greek arose and grasp1ng
the shippers hand assured him that he had
come to the right shop for law and order.
Send those villains ashore, roared ne,
land / will speedily teach them the error
of their ways, at a dollar ahead, payable
In advance as far as one hundred dollars.
A mild attempt at protest was entered by
the skipper, but drowned by Giorgios. The
men were brought ashore and treated royal
ly by the commandante while the ship was
being loaded at the extra expense of the
owners for labor. OF course there was no
jail there or anything In the nature of one,
except an antiquated pair of stocks, osten-
sibly kept for the benefit of any priest who
might dare to visit the place
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

The practical side OF crop forecastRg|
also be taken up by the weather bui
as soon as Mr.. Abbot and Mr. Briggs +
sufficiently advanced along their respec
lines. A foreknowledge of the harry
would, IL confined to one man, enable
TO amass a fortune eclipslng even our p
ert-day dreams OF riches. His power w
enable him to make or mar any compel
Ia the financial world. and once his
TEN of crop forecasts is perfected the
partment of Agriculture Will have TO p
about 1t much greater safeguards than
surround Its much-talked-about bureai
statistics, wherein certain corrupt empII
lately obtained in advance and used for a
private gain knowledge guaranteed I'd
men simultaneously. Speaking of this p|
of his great work, Prof. Langley said SD
ly before he died:
The immense importance to US of 4
foreknowledge as will enable us TO fore,
the harvests and in other ways look
the future need hardly be insisted on if
can get IT, and We apparently can ge
only from such studies as these. which
justification of our astrophysical obsei
tory" JOHN ELFRETH WATKlN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

Another piece of comedy which / can
vouch for occurred during the time that
was an officer. I will not mention the
name of the ship, because some one COM
nected with her on that voyage may be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

Fun of mild type. for one of the partici-
pants at least, was provided for the crew
Of the Liverpool barque Panuca during her
stay in the Mexican port OF SAINT Ana I
was not ! member Of the crew, but heard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

Very peaceful was that day and night
almost Sabbath like. The Norwegian mate
and eockney second mate sat and smoked,
for the ''old man was ashore" while Fook
Shing. the steward, and I enjoyed long
Ing each other. With the morning came
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

Mr. T.. J. Briggs of his scientific staff
commence n special Investigation OF
effects OF these different kinds Of is4N ]
upon the growth of plants. as wei az
study the effect Of different amounts
sunlight and skylight on vegetable de
opment. Mr.. Briggs may Introduce am
the farmers throughout the scbuE.ry
pie observing apparatus by which data
be CLEANED from a wide area. One of
first problems to be definitely solved
whether or not there Is less plant gro
in periods of less sunlight.
The confidence felt by scientists inl
pro ctical outcome of this important lir1
research opened up by our astrophyI
observatory Is further exhibited IN the
of the weather bureau. which Is abou|
Install at its new research observatory
Mt. Weather, Va, elaborate apparatu
making observations of the suns radia
upon which to base long range force
such as would be made public In the n
papers, just as are its daily predict
Mr.. II. H. Kimball Of the bureau has
In training for this work at the astr0p
cal observatory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

Satisfied with their exploit the jewellers
retreated to their den again. while the pilot
deemed Ii time to interfere, hoisted the
police flag and released the mate. The sec
ond mate, l may say, was really the car
penter. and did not care about broils so he
had kept out of the way. Very promptly
the police boat arrived manned by negro
policemen, but differed by white man.
Frequent invitations to the crew TO resume
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

When the ship was ready for sea the
commandante called the men together, ana
thus haranged them: Go on board again.
and be sorry for your behavior. Then at
the first opportunity steal everything worth
carrying away, load 1t In that fine whale
boat which hangs on the starboard quarter.
and come ashore. l will give you fair
price for her. and any other stuff you may
bring They obeyed him to the foot of the
letter. and the night before she was to sail.
after a tremendous disturbance on board,
they arrived ashore laden With plumber, be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-29

In addition to these changes in our at
mospheric transmission of the sunlight TO
us is the more significant variation in the
suns actual radiation of heat. BY meas
uring the total amount of sunlight reaching
the surface of the earth, and adding to 1t
the amount estimated as lost in coming
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1906-07-04
RENT PAYS FOR LAND.
Fertile Sections OF the Southwest
Where Land Sells for $40 ana
Rents for s. Per Acre.

One OF the remarkable things ABOUT
about Eastern Arkansas and North
ern Louisiana is the fact that cleared
land rents for IS per acre cash. and
sou Ls bought for $3.50 to SIS per
acre. It costs from Sc to $40 an
acre to clear 1t. other improvements
necessary are slight and inexpensive
The soii is rich alluvial, or made
It produces a bale of cotton per acre
worth s45 to $50. This accounts FOL
its high rental value. Other crops
such as corn, small grains. grasses
vegetables and fruits thrive as well
Alfalfa yields 4 to cuttings.
ton to a cutting. and brings $40 to
SIC per ton.
In other sections OF these states
and in Texas as we'll, the rolling o.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1906-07-04
SOME QUESTIONS
General Hays says Democrats
should Ask.

In opening his campaign for the
Democratic nomination for governor
at Newcastle, KY, Gen. n. b. Hays
suggested:
Each voter should ask each candi-
date the following questions:
Do YOU stand for policy which
takes from the common schools of
the state s2s.260.s4 to pay for a lot
Of teachers registers and trustees
record books worth only $4,000? II
elected will you continue such a
policy?
Do you stand for a policy by which
clerk may send a favorite of the
state machine $50 monthly at the
expense Of the taxpayers?
Do you stand for a policy which
enables the machine to take from
the peoples pockets $124,6S1.25
every four years to pay favorite at
torneys when 1t could and should
not cost them more than s24,000l
Do you stand for a policy which
will take from the pockets of the
people $4,000 to pay an architect
for set of plans and specifications
for the new state capitol when the,
could and should have been fur
nished to the state at cost of no
exceeding $4,000?
You have right to know how
these gentlemen stand on these ques
tons. which so vitality affect your in
terests: and you want to and ough
to retire every man TO private life
who stands for such a policy. Elk
tract from speech of n. b. Hays IL
| Newcastle Yesterday.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1906-07-04
THE TRAIN WRECKER S

hill-land is especially adapted to
stock raising and fruit growing.
Land is very cheap. IS to $40 per
acre; improved farms $40, SIS to
s25 per acre.
The new White River country Of
fers many opportunities for settlers
High, rolling, fine water-it is natu-
rally adapted to stock and fruit rails
ing. Can be bought as low as So
per acre.
See this great country for yourself
and pick out a location. Descriptive
literature, with maps, free on re-
quest.
The Missouri Pacific-Iron Noun
tain System Lines sell reduced rate
round-trip tickets on first and third
Tuesdays of each month to points II
the West and Southwest, good re
turning 81 days, with stop-overs
Fos descriptive literature, maps
time tables. etc.. write to
r. T. G. MATTHEW'S,
Travelling Passenger Agent. Louis
Vile. Ky. or
II. c. TOWNSEND,
General Passenger and Tickle
Agent. st. Louis. Mo.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1906-07-04
Joe Folk.

The governor OF Missouri works
himself more securely into the conf
dence OF thinking people with every
step he takes. The hostility OF the
professional politicians OF his own
state is not a drawback but tribute.
When some weeks ago, a county
convention at the state capital re-
Trained from endorsing his admins
tratlon. which would have followed
custom the politicians failed to In
lure the governor and only revealed
themselves. When. instead, these
gentlemen passed resolution APP
proving "the record and respective
administrations of the Democratic
party from 1879 to 1906 inclusive"
they rendered themselves incredibly
ridiculous. To Governor Folk II Is
due In large part that we know how
ridiculous such an allegation Is. His
head Is clear. his courage Is good.
and nothing so far has checked his
sure-footed progress along the line
marked out for him by sane mind
and honest heart. The punishment
OF those six boodlers who went ia
prison gave him no satisfaction be
cause the individuals suffered. lie
thought some of them less guilty
than others who could not be caught
and some of the six have the friend
Hest feelings for him now. II was
the protection OF the public that he
had In mind then. and has had In
every step that he has taken since
His record as governor has had none
OF the sensational interest that nc
aroused as circuit attorney. but II
has brought out not only the same
qualities, but the ability to dea
wisely with new problems as they
arise. II is no wonder, then. tha
the politicians of his state dislike
him as much as they ever did. and
always wlll.-Colier' for July I.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1906-07-04
TONS OF NIUSKRATS
Are Eaten Every Year BY High
Livers in New York.

That New York City is one OF the
largest consumers of muskrats as
food Is not known to most patrons
of the game dealers. Chicago, which
is it's only rival as eater OF musk
rats, finds room for countless barrels
Of Swamp rabbit" caught along the
famous marshes on Lake Michigan.
New York's muskrats come from
Chesapeake Bay, for the most part.
The trade is a large one. There are
shipping points on the bay from
which $4,000 muskrat pelts are sent
yearly to fur dealers. The car
cases of two-thirds of these animals
are barreled and sent by steamer to
Baltimore commission merchants.
A barrel holds about 200 musk
rat earcasses. They are worth to
the shipper from s. to $40 barrel,
and the trappers find that ii pays to
save the meat.
The meat of the muskrat Is very
dark. Its flavor is as delicate as a
rabbits. During the trapping sea-
son muskrat flesh is on sale In all
of the butcher shops along the east
ern shore especially at Cambridge
Chrisfield, and other water towns.
The butchers buy it from the trap
pers. paying from two TO four cents
carcass. The rats are then sold
to town people at the uniform price
of four for a quarter,
The swamp rabbits" or "blacl
ducks" are served at all of the
cheap hotels and lodging houses
once or twice a week. Sometimes
they are boiled, sometimes fried. and
sometimes baked. Frequently the
patrons of the houses do not know
what they are esting.-New Yorf
Times