davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The comet. (Johnson City, Tenn.) 1884-1916, 1906-08-16
WANTED

WANTED-A few frst-class table
hoarders. Have some nicely furnish
ed rooms. Desirable location and con-
yenient to business part of the city.
MRS. G. W. SHARITz.
III Walnut street.
The comet. (Johnson City, Tenn.) 1884-1916, 1906-08-16

For Rent ive-room house. Poplar
street. Apply to G. E. Martin.
The comet. (Johnson City, Tenn.) 1884-1916, 1906-08-16

For Sale Cheap-A good, fireproof
safe. For price, see Il. w. Lyle.
The comet. (Johnson City, Tenn.) 1884-1916, 1906-08-16

For Rent.-One office room in new
Burrow building, Main street. Also
the Bolton house on East Market street.
Apply at The Comet office. C4S)
The comet. (Johnson City, Tenn.) 1884-1916, 1906-08-16

The Unaka Handle Company will
pay you $500 per cord for all the first
class hickory You will bring them, snlt,
able for making handles. Must be 81
inches, or lengths to cut 3s inches. tt
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
NEEDS OF GOOD ROADS
WHY TRAINED MEN ARE REQUIRED
IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION.

Large Sums of Money Wasted by In-
competent overseers = Features Of
Iowa school Where Men Are Train
ed kor Road Supervisors.
IL ls somewhat astonishing to learn
that sum aggregating nearly $1,000
WOO IL spent annually by the rural dis.
tricts of the state of Wisconsin for
roads and bridges, says Hoard's Dairy
man. II is hard to believe that Ia the
last ten years about $25,000,000 have
been spent for these purposes outside
OF the cities and villages, especially
so when the condition of the roads aud
bridges is taken into account. They
have now practically the same appear
ance that they used to have before
those $25,000,O00 were spent. The
money has literally been dropped into
the holes In our roads.
But more astonishing than the great
ness OF these amounts Is the fact that
they have been spent on engineering
projects In almost every instance with
out the advice of trained man. We
would naturally think man who start
ed to build a $25.000000 railroad was
absolutely crazy II he did not hire the
best engineering talent he could get.
In fact, the courts would promptly be
asked to appoint guardian by his
heirs if he selected men who had no
experience and no technical training
for the work. Yet we go ON in this
great state OF oars (Wisconsin) and
spend millions every year on just that
principle, without any definite plan or
any advice from trained men. We all
know road oVerSeers-many of them In
Jefferson Countrywide know next to
nothing of the work they are supposed
to do, and their work shows 1t.
When we start TO build house we
get mason to put up the foundation.
a carpenter to put mp the wood dwork, a
plumber to put in the piping, painter
to finish the job and perhaps men Of
other trades. In word, we get men
who know their business. We don't
let the job to Neighbor Jones and his
boy, who never built anything more
pretentious than COW shed. Yet when
we come to select q man to keep the
road In repair so we can get to and
from that house, we elect one who has
never given a day of careful considera
tion to the best and cheapest means
of keeping that road in proper shape.
We trust to luck that he will do it
well enough. But he puts in hun
dred dollar culvert that is too small
and washes out or a $500 bridge with
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15

While not recent Introduction. hay
ing been grown for many years in Con
necticut and Long Island. the Irish
Cobbler potato has only lately attract
ed the general attention of eastern
growers as a profitable early market
variety. 1t is not of first quaity-infe
rior even TO Early Ohlo-hut H. such 4
fine grower and reliable croppcr uader
ordinary trucking conditions that it has
literally forced itself on lie attention
OF market gardeners lis origin ap-
pears to be something .. Il mystery.
Seedsmen and dealers diSclaim knowl-
edge as to when or where it first got
into cultivation, but lave generally
been compelled TO catalogue it. Seed
stock has not always been easy to oh
tain, but will be freely offered the COM
Ing year. The plant Is strong aud up
right in growth, with thick and healthy
dark green foliage The potatoes in
good soil run from medium TO large,
oblong in shape, with thin while skin
and rather prominent eyes. They grow
rapidly and usually reach marketable
size within week of Early Ohio plant
ed at the same time, but far outyield
that formerly popular kind. The table
quality ot the young tuDers is very toll
erabe. but falls off as maturity is
reached. Notwithstanding its rather
unsatisfactory cooking qualify Irish
Cobbler has turned OUT 50 profitable
that 1t Is dlspIaclng other early kinds
In many localities. Rural New Yorker.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
SURVEYING A HIGHWAY.

out proper abutments. which IL soon
undermined after some heavy shower,
and the bridge and abutments must be
replaced. We cheerfully look upon 1t
as unavoidable and, although we
grumble little, quite readily pay
taxes next year for some one else to
waste in putting in Il culyert about
four times too large and a bridge
twice as long as needed.
But when we ask where we can get
trained men we find we haven't thc!h
aVailable-our system hasn't been OF
the sort to make them. We have hired
mason to do our woodwork, noVi, e
to lay the foundation and a blacksmith
to paint the house until each has for
gotten his own trade and does not
know the other. We must train men
from the start ii We are ever to have
good roads.
The Iowa highway commission has
adopted the plan OF holding road
school for week in the summer, to
which all road supervisors are invited.
They go to the Iowa State college.
hiCy SCC uii vi IOdu
chinery at work and listen to lectures
on the best type OF bridges. culverts
and road machinery. They are given
liberal opportunity TO ask questions,
and all the help possible is given them
in the various problems they have met
In their work.
The commission owns n number of
road levels and instruments such
as are necessary In laying out roads.
taking protiles and fixing the grade OF
the drainage lines. Parties of four or
i've students each are sent out with
these instruments. each party under
the direction of an Instructor, and pro-
hles are run over different roads and
the grade lines fixed with reference to
drainage outlets. The standard sheets
OF road cross sections and bridge de-
signs which have been made up by the
commission are taken as a basis for
the drafting room work, the idea be-
ing 10 develop more men who can lay
out piece OF road and make estimates
as to the cost of reducing ii TO grade
and become expert road engineers.
Some such method as this must be
adopted In Wisconsin IL we are to see
any results from the $30,O00000 thst
will be spent on the roads and bridges
In the next ten years
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
~ G. HARBAUGH, Treasurer Hooking Co.

found in graves, the favorite horses
having been slain and buried with
their masters in accordance with
primitive beliefs as to the hereafter.
Between the French towns of Ian
gres and Dijon, near the spot where
Caesar eneamped his army at the
siege Of Alesia (B. C. 52), small
fullered shoes have been found at a
depth of two or three feet in the
ground Some have nails in the
shape of Roman T and are pro-
vided with clinches. Others ascribed
by geologists to the sixth century
have been found in the Bernege
Jura. All these had six large, round
nail holes, and opposite to each hoe
the border of the shoe is scalloped.
Some shoes had heels and some had
not. But the heels were hardly Of
any size and, moreover, lacked
strength. Chicago News.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
Manhattan lsIand.

There is general impression that
Manhattan island is comparatively
level, while it is far from il. q From
the Battery water level you must
climb seyenty-seven feet 10 reach
the Grand circle at Central park.
twenty-three feet more to get to tho
highest point in Mount Morris park,
twelve feet more to reach water lev
'el in Central park resefvoisS Stweuty
feet more to get to thetopiof Morn
ingside park, another sixty eight
feet to stand at BFoadwaYs and One
Hundred and SeYenty-ffth street
and yet another fifty feet 10 get to
Washington Bridge road and One
Hundred and Eighty-fourth street,
when you are $50 feet above the wa
ter of the bay.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
here rrproduced;

here reproduced;
Eirst--Nhy should corn I've studied
as to truencss T., type or breed?
SO that n better idGd may be had as
to the certainty VIDA which the char
acters will be tsusllitted. Corn pos.
sessed OF desirable characters. but
little breed typ, is of little value,
since thesc chdrdt tefs may be substl-
tuted the following season by latent
or hidden characters of little value.
Hardness. pYoduCLiveness and other
invisible characters may be as distlnc-
tive breed characteristics as the color,
shape OF ears, etc. aud these must be
judged by the type as seen in the vls-
ible characters.
Second. How may the trueness to
type best be judged?
BY studying the uniformity of the
ears In shape, size, stralghtness Of the
rows. color, etc. aud also by study
ing the uniformity OF the kernels in
size. shape, color and indentation. The
uniformity OF ears Is studied by COM
pariug with the STANDARD Of perfee-
ton" but AS 1t is difficult to sufficient
ly define the standard of perfection for
the kernels Il heading Uniformity of
Kernels" is placed on the score card,
Third.--Why should an eur of corn
be cylindrical or nearly 50?
Because this Is the only shape which
will permit of the same number of
rows throughout the length of the ear
and also the same size and shape of
kernels in all parts of the ear. In u
tapering ear there must be some short
rows or the kernels must he larger OF
have more space between them at butt
than at tip OF ear. In such an ear or
one of irregular shape some OF the
kernels must be of irregular size or
shape, which will not permit Of an
even distribution by the planter
Fourth What Is the proper ratio be-
tween the length and the circumfer-
ence OF an ear of corn?
Although there Is not much expert
mental data TO show that an ear of
corn should be Of exact proportions.
most corn breeders agree that the ratio
between length and circumference
suOulh bt bIOuL as ~ IL " 4. II
appears that ears which are long and
slender ara often associated with plants
which are not possessed of the great
est vlgor and hardness, and also such
ears have relatively small percentage
of grain, while ears which are large in
circumference and short are usually
late in maturing and also often have a
,.I Of. i, nf
extremely large cob
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
origin Of 4ers... Widow.

"She is grass widow" said the
professor, nodding in the direction
OF woman with yellow hair.
"a grass widow? Oh, professor.
I didn't think you would use slang"
Grass widow is not slang" said
the professor stoutly, at is, ON the
contrary, very ancient and correct
expression. 1t comes from the
French grace 1t was originally
written grace widow. Its meaning
Is widow by courtesy
"rhere is nothing slangy or dis
respectful in the term grace Wild
ow.' A widow may cali herself that
with pfopriety- New York Preas.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15

Of q number of grasses. OF these the
most important by far is the clover
timothy mixture. and against this it
has ever been argued that the clover
natures SO much in advance of the
timothy that the feeding value OF either
the one or the other is sacrificed on
account of the time of harvesting.
In the course of an extensive expert
ment with clover seeds from different
sources there appeared variety hither-
to not used in the United States, pos
sessing certain advantageous qualities
which make 1t desirable to introduce 1t
into American farming.
The seed of this variety was secured
from the BLACK earth region in the
eastern part OF the OreI government of
Russia. The soil and climate of this
section resemble strikingly those of
our own northwestern prairie country,
particularly Nebraska, Minnesota and
the Dakotas.
This variety Is distinguished by the
dustessnesS OF ITS hay. due to almost
complete absence of hairlness from all
parts of the plant. by its heavy yields
for the first crop, by its leafiness and
the persistence OF the basal leaves, by
the succuIence of the stems, which i'm
proves greatly the quality of the hay
and reduces the waste due to woody,
unestable portions, by greater palata-
billty than hay from domestic seed
and by the fact that 1t comes to proper
maturity for harvesting from ten days
10 two weeks later than the ordinary
American red clover.
Except in certain sections and for
certain purposes this ysIiety is not
recommended for supplantlng domestic
red clover, but rather for supplement
Ing The latter
Although the hairless Orel clover can
Je readily distinguished from the
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
try thoron9hfllres.

try thOroughfares.
This new road Is 100 foot boule
ward, with width from curb 10 curl
of sixty feet The road Ia a sandy
loan. with some admlHture of bite and
red clay. slate and gravel; ls graded
and plowed six inches deep aud Is
pulverized with bnrrows If 1t Is very
dry small amount of water Is sprin-
kled on and mixed in 80 as TO make
II workable Oil IL then applied Mt the
rate of one gallon to the square yard,
and cultlyatOrs mix II Ia to the depth
OF four Inches. second gallon OF oil
to the square yard Is then applied and
cultivated down to six Inches. The
oiled surface Is then turned under four
inches deep with turning plow. III
to this point the process does not ma
terially differ from that In general use
where careful work Is done In mixing
the oil with the soil. But the next
step is radical departure and marks
the beginning of new era ia road
construction.
The process next succeeding this in
the rolling Of the road. which crushe5
down u thin scum on the surface that
later scales OFF and leaves the road full
OF chuck holes But with this new sys-
tenn the next process Is one OF tamplng.
A cylinder about ten feet long and six
feet In diameter, weighing about 5000
pounds and furnished with rows OF
Hnf IaI IL nn
forth slowly. tamping the oiled earth
up from the bottom TO within two
inches of the top. When the tamper
first goes over the road 1t sinks the
teeth, which are six inches long, their
whole length In the soft, oily earth,
but by each rolling or tamplng new
layer OF solid asphalt ID plastered on
the bottom. aud the cylinder rises
little out of the mass until, when the
tamping is completed, the mixture is so
solid that the teeth no longer sink in.
There Is vast difference between
merely crushing the surface of an oiled
road with q roller and tamping six
inches of oil from the bottom up. That
difference means greater endurance for
llC luLipCSl ioub
When the tamping Is brought to with
in two Inches of the top the road Is re.
graded, and the last two inches OF loose
surface soil are cultivated and given
another gallon of oil to the square yard.
This makes three gallons to the square
yard all applied warm, so as to sprin-
kle freely; again the cultlvator and
then the tamper, this time worked until
1t reaches the surface. When the tamp-
ing Is done the surface is q little I'M
even from the marks OF the teeth, but
that Is taken out by Il roller weighing
two tons per twelve inches OF tire. A
more perfect surface can be obtained
by a slight sprlnkllng of gravel before
the roller Is used.
This work costs about 16 cents per
square yard. The cost on the ordinary
street where no grading is needed
would amount to about 80 cents q run.
ming foot of frontage.
Several streets in Santa Monica, CAL,
have been constructed by the tamplng |
system, and they have shown almost |
perfect endurance. One in particular |
has borne heavy traffic for over two |
years aud is now practically as 1t was |
when originally laid.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
Dinner Bell Hartley.

David Hartley, member of parlia-
ment for Hull in 1879, was called
''the dinner bell" because his rising
had a similar effect in emptying the
house. One day when he had
wearied everybody out he moved
that the riot act should be read as
a document to prove some assertion.
Burke, who had been bursting with
impatience for hours, bounced up,
exclaiming; "The riot act, my dear
friend To what purpose? Don't
you perceive that the mob has al
ready quietly dispersed9" But the
sarcasm was utterly thrown away.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
TRUE EDUCATION.
The Way knowledge May Come to ss
a Useless Thing.

The fact, of course, is that
knowledge in itself is one of the
most useless things in the world
when it ia possessed by persons who
wear it simply as an isolated orna-
ment. The only use it can have In
the case of ordinary people is to en-
sarge the mental horizon and quick
Ell sympathy. OF course il is a val
liable instrument enough in the
hands of specialist. But that is
the worst Of our educational
schemes. that they are all made by
seseiallsts aud theorists, as il the
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
H0RsEsHoEs.
Deutst as to What Nation and Age
First Used Them.

Deuht as to What Nation and Age
First Used Them.
Horseshoes were not known to
the ancients, and there is much
doubt as to what nation and age
first used them. An authority on
the subject says: "The first kind of
shoe known was not shoe at all.
1t was species of sock, often made
with woven or plated hemp. Cam
els in ancient warfare were thus
shod, and SO were mules and horses
when their hoofs were hurt. In
time OF heavy snow these socks were
necessary to prevent the horses
from sinking up to their girths in
the snow, according to an old
writer. Similar socks are used by
the Russians in Kamchatka for
their sledge dogs, and this kind is
provided with little holes for the
claws. Horse soles were also made
of woven broom, reeds and bast
strapped on, such as are still used
in Japan, where they are made by
the children, who wait about the
roads offering them for sale at low
figure. The next step made by the
old Romans and Greeks seems to
have been the manufacture of
leather soles and shoes. But the
great drawback to all these hoof
protectors was the CALLING of the
straps, and they were really only
of substantial use in the case of
baggage animals or when the road
was rough and dangerous. Delays
were often occasioned by the shoes
sticking in the mud and letting the
horse go on in front.
$50 the old mule doctors had to
devise means of hardening horses
hoofS. One advised stone slabs
fastened with iron clamps to the
ground which formed the stable,
another recommended oak flooring,
while yet another prescribed the
smearing of the bottom of the feet
of draft animals with pitch. The
exact date when metal shoes were
first brought out is not known, but
it is said that Nero had the mules
attached to 1000 carriages shod
with silver sandals, while Poppaea's
mules were gold shod. These may
be the hipposandals which have
been found wherever the Romans
settled-in Germany, France and
England. The form of the hippo
sandal varies. The commonest shape
is an oval plate of metal drawn out
backward on both sides and in some
eases fitted with a curved hook.
There are wings to the sides, and in
front they are furnished with eyes
and rings. Another kind is dis
by the bending upward
OF the sides in front and behind,
suggesting to the eye the form of an
ancient galley. They were fixed to
the hoofs by straps passed through
clips and rings. I
"French horseshoeoIogists thiIE
that the Celts we're the hrst to use
aailed on shoes before the Christian
era and that they popularized their
ise throughout Gaul, Germany and
England Many shoes hare been
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15

design were TO turn ont specialists
by the score.
70 the ordinary person, for in
stance, the study of history is val
liable, not that he may learn the
movement OF political forces and
the development of constitutional
theories, but that he may realize
that there was a time when people
looked, thought and talked differ
emily, and, further, that hes may
learn, however dilnly, the benefits
OF liberty and civilization. 1t is a
fruitless quest with the majority of
minds to hope 10 trail" them to
have grip of conflicting tenden-
cies or to enable them to form a
sound and catholic judgment on
historical problems. In the first
place, their knowledge can never be
wide and sound enough for that nor
sufficiently ut their command. What
ought really to be aimed Mt is to
kindie the imagination, to awaken
generous admiration, to set people
aglow with the idea that it is worth
while to make personal sacrifices III
order to achieve some pubic spirit
ed end, in order to make Others
wiser, stronger and happier Tho
best part of history for ordinarg
minds is that which deals with the
lives and characters and efforts OF
noble minded and ardent PERSONAL.
ties, which quickens the sense of
the largeness and the romance Of
the world. Yet these are two things
that are hurried over by the con
scientious teacher as being senti-
mental and dilettahte in favor of a
knowledge of the events of a CAM
paign or the provisions Of ain act.-,~
A. Q. Benson in London Academy.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
Secret of SUCCESS In journalism

The first fundamental quality for
success in journalism is keen in.
terest in every thing; the power OF
throwing yourself into any subject,
finding JOY in handling ii. The
second quality is a capacity for
forming very clear idea as to what
it is you want to say and passion
for expressing your ideas so clearly
that the greatest idiot in the world
cannot misunderstood them. Third
ly, should be inclined to put a Gu
pacity to sleep soundly whenever
you get chance and the ability to
sleep up arrears. i do not say any
thing about what ought to be taken
for granted namely, good health,
industry, conRcientiousness, and SO
on. Above all, | should say jour
nalist should be keen.-W. II. Stead
in Grand Magazine.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
Much water And small Yield.

It frequently happens that hslds
which have received large quantities OF
Irrigation water produce low yields.
lhls result may he due 10 one or more
causes. CHIEF in Importance is the
proper cultivation OF the soil. 1t may
be regarded as one OF the fundamental
truths in agriculture that irrigation
cannot take the place or cultivation.
llbe western lrrlgstor has been slow TO
recognize this fact and is still inclined
10 depend TOO much on irrigation and
TOO little OIL cultivation.
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
Too Hard : Climb

A little girlHhad gone ITO tho
country from a city whore there
were no hills and from that part
where there were many cemeteries.
"My," she said, looking around her
at the expanse of green hill and
grassy meadow, "there's no grave
yards l guess that not very many
people die here" 1t was explained
to the child that there was, q. GENE
terry near the church on the top of
a neighboring hill, "Well, = said ahe,
gazing upward, "I'd rather 90 up Il
IN hesfse than on mg feet
The Democrat-sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1906-1935, 1906-11-15
THE "TAMPINe" SYSTEM.
New Process la Road Building La
Southern California.

NSW EFoceAH Ia HOad buildInH Ia
Southern California.
Two California companies have a
new system in road construction, and
the successful results OF their new
method are greatly appreciated by all
motorists who journey 10 the beach.
A piece OF oiled road has recently been
completed from the Soldiers home to-
ward the Pacific ocean, north OF Santa
Monica, that has, Ia the Judgment OF
experienced road builders, an impOr-
Iant bearing on road development In
California. says VIII y. Little In Good
Roads Magazine. II differs from or
binary street or road oIllng Ia that 1t
Is yeritable construction OF a street
out OF natural soil with tine use OF oil.
The resultant product Is in fact very
like AZ asphalt, lies as smooth and. II
Is believed. VIII last nearly as long. lt
i 80 Inexpensive - 70 be practical for
use in cities aad a2on lha lQeia eonn-