Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1906-02-08
What Uncle Sans Agents Are
Doing 10 Promote the Fruit
Industry.
HOW HANDLED AND MARKETED
Grading OF Grain and Farm Manage.
RIGHTEOUSNESS Men Needed
In Congress,


the year book OF the department Of
agriculture Is a publication OF which
nearly a million copies are distributed
every year. II Is read in every farm.
ing community In the country, but very
few residents OF the cities ever see a
COPY Of this publication. And yet it's
pages are replete with information OF
the greatest interest TO every American
citizen. But while the published re-
ports of the work accomplished are OF
prime Importance. the detailed work OF
the men IN charge OF the work "
brought out more clearly IN the hear
ings before the committee on agricui-
ture OF the house than In any other
manner
Chairman Wadsworth Of this commit
tee Is one of the most painstaking
members OF the house. lie insists that
the heads OF the various bureaus OF the
department shall explain in detail just
what they propose to accom- plish with
the funds for which they ak, and In
consequence the hearings OF the agrl.
cultural appropriation bill last for sew
eral weeks and each member OF the
committee Is loaded with Information
which enables him. when occasion
arises, to explain and defend each item
OF the appropriation.
BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY.
During the past week Or. 3. T. Gal
loway. chief of the bureau OF plant
industry, has appeared each morning 10
explain the 'work OF the men employed
in each branch Of his great bureau, ri .
he has proven himself to be, not only
l..N III hue
entertaining narrator of the work o.
the department and its accomplish
ments. Recently the newspapers and
magazines OF the country have printed
much about the experiments in plant
breeding which Wizard" Burbank has
conducted In California, and while TINT
gentleman has achieved remarkable re-
suits In the way OF producing new spe-
cies OF fruits and flowers. the depart
ment OF agriculture has made giant
strides IN demonstrating that hundreds
OF plants, trees, fruits ana herbs not
Indigenous to the soil Of this country
can be properly produced here,
KEW KINDS OF FRUIT.
Reference was made 20 the important
work the bureau OF plant industry has
been conducting IN the matter OF breed
ing many nov kinds OF fruits Special
attention was called to the new hardy
oranges that have been developed and
are nov being disseminated. II was
stated that these oranges Will ba
hardy as far north as South Carolina
and viii grow as far west as middle
| Texas. The department has not yet
been entirely successful IN securing q
sweet orange but the types already
obtained are very valuable for the man
ufacture of marmalades, the making OF
pies, and other purposes
Many advances have been made. fur-
thermore. in the matter OF improving
cottons by breeding and selection. New
types have been bred by crossing tho
long staple Sea Island cotton with up
land forms, resulting In types which
not only add 10 the length OF the staple
but increase the value 10 or 10 per cent
and as high as 20 per cent
HOW HANDLED.
In the work on handling and market
ing OF fruits special stress was laid on
important Investigations which have
recently been carried on, showing how
necessary Il Is to give strict attention
10 the question Of handling the fruits In
the orchard before they are shipped.
The bureau OF plant Industry has DEM
onstrated the fact that a great deal OF
the loss or fruits In transit can be pre-
vented by proper handling of the or
anges apples and other fruits after
they are taken from the trees and while
In shipment. Many experiments have
been made to show the importance ana
value OF proper methods OF caring for
the fruit before 1t Is shipped. Attention
was specifically called to the important
work OF the denartment IN the matter
NJ faF QnnlHa
1t was pointed out that apples In stor'
age behave very differently when taken
from different kinds of SOIL gathered
at different times OF the season and
taken from different parts of the tree.
All these questions have an important
bearing on the keeping qualities OF the
apple after the fruit Is put into the
storage house.
CREATING NEW MARKETS.
The department Is making an effort
to extend American fruit markets into
foreign countries and TO this end has
made trial shipments of apples, pears.
peaches and other fruits. a great deal
OF interest was aroused In the commit
tee by the discussion OF the work OF
the bureau OF plant industry In the
matter OF studying seed authorizations.
Under a clause inserted In the last APP
preparation the department has been
gathering seed from all over the coun-
, try. making examinations OF the same.
and publishing the names OF the firms
who are sdulteratinE the seed, especi-
ally forage crop seed. II was pointed
out that about 100000 pounds OF Cana
dian blue grass 10 brought into this
country every year for the purpose of
adulterating Kentucky blue grass. The
l..
much as the Kentucky product Two
hundred and atty thousand pounds OF
trefoil, a common ard almost worth
less seed, Is imported every year for
the purpose of aduterating alfalfa
seed. A great deal Of red clover is adult
terated With seed OF burr clover, which
II obtained as a waste product In the
cleaning or wool. This wool Is sent In
from. South American countries, the
burr clover is cleaned out OF Il, and
then used for adulterating the higher
grade clovers.
GRADING OF GRAIN.
Attention was called TO the work OF
the department in the matter OF grad
ing Of grain. A great deal of interest
has been aroused in the question OF
proper and effective systems In grain
grading. The officers OF the bureau dis
|. cussed this problem from many stand
points. indicating that It Is the aim OF
the department., through It's investlga-
lions and sudies, 20 standarilze the va
rious grains IN such a way that a uni
form system might be adopted through
out the country By this process IL ls
believed that much OF the complaint
now made by foreigners against our
grain could be overcome.
FARM MANAGEMENT
A special feature OF the bureau OF
plant industry's work has been n study
OF what Is called Farm Management
In different parts of the country. These
axudIaa hava fnr THAR nhiAnf thu a.