davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
! Funeral Of Mrs. lawson
(By AssooiateI PTesa,)


b EGYPT, MASep5 August Mrs.
Thomas w, Lawson. who died at Dream
void her country home here at ] ! A. ",
Sunday OF heart disease. became II on on
June a0th, About the 4mlddleSof July !! her
health Improved 40 much that she IN
reared ia be out Of dan ger, and Of late
she seemed to be $cony,al esclng rapidly:
4 So hopeful for her recovery we're the
physicians that Arnold Lawson, the old
est son, started Saturday with his bride
on a honeymoon cruise 4 board the 3jy va {
Cygnet, X III
Saturday night n sudden change for
the worse came, All the family except
Arnold were at her bedside when the end
came. He returned at once, s.
willie. She was o. native Of Cambridge.
she became the wife OF Mr., Lawson in
1878, and was the other of six children
The funeral services were held to-day,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
County Bonda for Sale. n
Especial to Tho Tllnes- Dispatch,l

Aae ssAi the aiat slSRo ii town impresS.
nent bonds ana $50 sohoo! bonds will
Be sold here to tho highest bidder. The
bonds are for TWEEN ysyeara,
bonds ea'u are for thltY Years, yeaseNlable
after ten years a II bonds bear Eve per
cent. Interest, payable semt-anuallys The
bonds will bear date OF Heptelnber Y,
viii DO considered. All hids are 70 be ao-
oonlnanied with q denQslt Of ten per
cent. balance, to be patd when bends ore
col
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
.8Miller---Smith,

Si "a, (spocial To Tho Times y snatch,l
g STIFF DIX, I, August Y, 81 lss .relxa
tsniitll, at Suffolk, and Henry Miller, Of
4Ilnst6n, n. G., were married Sat $3.50
o clock this evening at the residence Of
tho brides uncle, George =. " Smith, in
4Klnston. 1t was q surpr1s 10 wedding.
}SThe brides mother 4 \ IRIS, liter Smith,
to-day left 81 Suffolk n for Ikinst0n in re I
Spouse to q telegram announcing that
the marriage would be contaminated tor
night. 5s5 35i 5
The bridegroom IL q nephew Of Polk
Miller, Of Richlnond. fl 3
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
Try Them in Norfolk,
IN - ~ "A .,....la yn,, r1.aou Z assl.f
N(By A Associated Pre-

3W,AsH1NaTo n, q. Auglst 7.r-
Robert Alexander. Henry smoot, James
Robson and Henry Williams. tho four
stokers Of the steamer st, Johns, charged
with mutinY, We're afraisnad before
United States Commissioner TAYLOR yes.
We've We're held for a hearing before the Fed,
aral court for the Eastern District 1of
Virginia, Alexander and Villains We're
jdismi ssad, The amount Of the bond In
tfe two cases was fixed at $500. The
trial VIII Doubtless be called at the next
sesaion OF the Eastern District Of Viz.
ginia Federal Court, which will meet az
Norfolk In the early fall. 4. Y
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
Hardware Store Burned

NoRFoLK, " A., August IL "A big
blaze In RerkleYsS Ward q this afternoon
destroyed the hardware store Of q, 3,
Gibbs, Johnson's bakery. which Is owned
BY Nj, 6 ibis. and the dwelling house o e
q, w lCodd. The fire was q stubborn
one and required much OF the fire fght-l
ing apparatus of tho city ta. ex x
it, The loss Ia placed NJ s2b, 900, fpl|y
covered by insurance. 5S sS5 ri X q 81
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
The Judges and the Mann Law,
The south Boston News says;

t.Judss Royk!n dselares. SO II Is re-
ported. that he will not grant liquor
licenses under the Mann law When u
q ~ not mandatory. because he cannot pc
convinced that the sale of liquor, WOULD
not 10 injurious to tho morals or material
Interest of q community.
esGhe TlR,ss, Dispatch thinks that Judge
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
John Morley and Henry Drum,
\ mond.

The Rev T., II. II. Macpherson tells
that he was some years aRo q guest Win
conversation turned on Henry DRUM
;.aond. ',IIoW was IT. asked Mr.. Morley,
THAT your church tolerated DrVmmon q
His views OF thingH were surely not tn ~
views that are held by the Free chusch "
NO. was the answer; "but we never Hee
took him seriously AZ q thinker y, lNa
one ever believed that he would ser!ou ".
ly influence the ftheoloa ical opinion 81 we
CHURCH. We regarded him fatheg % g, =
religious influence. n.Ah, YES, y M.
Moriey replied, ''you arc quite ylght ne
wasn't q thinker, Tor q 9 pagtess q -
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

hour or 50 tho talk was OF other !, mat I!
ters, Then Mr.. Morley returned s, 3, 20
.Drummons1, 'Yqu said a title while ago
that prulimmond was q religious influ-
enco. How did Ia show that FOR ons
thing he cleansed aa,nnptseAh o WA NY
mats I'M ~ hotter otter than being thiNkeE'',-
Westminster Gazette, III a
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
Richmonders in New York

b NEW YORK, Aug, Fifth Avenue. ~, Il;
w Isa sns ss Xfe 81 Rsas dns
G.. a. CpksieY, Miss -. II Iosenji York, {. g;
Jordan and WIFE e ~, Aaiee.a ssii { y
Christian, Grand j., II. Dstesj Imperial, i. II;
Reeder; Marlborough. Pr 2! Taylor; Grand
Union, r. A. Seward, AL ~ A.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
THE Sd DOCTOR SAVED HIM.
Tho following letter was Bunsol icited:
L brotherhood Railroad Tratnnen.
~ hLn4,l Or Maven .nlpa.a Mo- ll7 AM

Now Or Never I.pd Q. No; ~.
Brooklyn, \. va Aus, Z !, 1905.
your wonderful Renal CQrnpoNna for
sBrIght's Disease, IA It Is the sp!ost gWongefE,
fuI Thing 7 ever knew OF, lad l,rlg ~
DIsonse in a most critical way, and two
doctors gave mo w na g goncr,, so ~! n?
wife called q third, He said the Only
hope had was N VOW q Wns
II, " in saven days the draPsy lott me
ma my eyes got 40 could aee quite
plain ana \ have been on the improve 9
eyer since, am on the eishth hqttle
and am able ia walk around. ana feel 20
mucl, like myself that ! expeet to 70 to
work next Monday, nm a steam y. y,
conductor, so you see must reel pretty
good 10 be able ia handle q train,
shall continue With the Renal CoHlpounG
TIL i am sure It has, made my WoHdeFlgl
cure permanent Trusting that Oil VIII 80
as we'll as ] have !. T. 3 4.
35 Yours, ", HltISsL
II stewart st, Brooklyn,a NJ H.
Note that after tWp doet lau 1uI!eu
With the orthodox treatment broad ply
scan preseEihsd the anly shng kn1 NsG
fif,Ess patient's life. Send for booklet on
tAe E stanesSa 10 'sSHssa sfea A. Hs
CO.. Richmond. Va, S. 9s
Whom to suspect Bright's Diseases
weakness or loss OF We!ght; ,puify ankles,
hands ~ eyalidsi ngopsy. Kidney troplale
after tho third m0nth Urine may RtlaW
isediment; failing vision; droW lAess qAe
or more Of these, IA 4.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
HANGED Himself

GAINESVILLE GA. August 7.---R, p,
Knight, agent for the Southern Railway
at Now Holland, committed suicide by
hanging yesterday Grief over the dea tn
Of his wife. II Is thought. was resp ',l7s bic
for the act. Tx E35B III ag
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

nrlcklayers get s10 n day ~ San Fran ,ll'
cisco, Eod carriors get 50 to w. everything
entering into tho cost Of. building Is on
h lllto scale. 4As II this were not enough
the bakers haye strucls and the price Of
bread is going up Who takes care OF the
plain people, anyhow sJ ID (,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

hungry worslnen III CapetoWn have
been lootlng Hhops-whieh tho police wero
powerloss to project, 1t IL the feeling
III tho pit Of the stomach, and not tllo
Language spoken that decides the cues.
ton between riot and order after all
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
AiBorrowed Jingle

Emptiness.
Life's a vain parade. &3 {t
Doesn't it seem queer "A
That we're I'LL afraid H \ "a
1t will alsnp pear ? III NJ
That we hold IT dear, "a b
That we try to spin 1t
Out with toll sey ere ssS Y v. "a
Say, what Is there In y
Love's a Ackle Jade.
Lying, inslnoere;
Yet we let q maid
Boss and dQmineer, III Il z 81
Though We know It's sheer
Madness to begin IT.. AZ
Folly. do you hear
Say. what Is there in It?
Flowers only fade,
J & Leaves get hroWn and sere;
Fruits are soon deoayed---- q y. \
'Tis q hollow sphere! III d ~
Pain that lasts q year, 6
Joy that lasts a minute: Il
Fuss and fret and fear
Say, what Ia there NlnSit2 4. /
L'BNVoI, Nh
This SONG holds no cheer,
5 Neither can you win u.
Who, with nasty sheer,
Say "What is there In It 2'8
Cleveland Leader,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

f Who says Mayor Dunno Ism q. brave brave,
man ii Didn't he go TO 4 tho IL toaHsters'
meeting In Chicago and set away safe?
Lots Of others wish they had, VI
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

Must asEif tlloro had not been troubles
enough for the poor Americans from beef,
railroad and insurance scandals the b bank .r1s
idefauter keeps up his nil feEinEs trade,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

Fl Thoy{ arc llavingEa hot lime on THO
Equator Penang correspo ndence 70 the
2strnts settlement Budget says
"1Nhe football mania Is still upon lls 70
tho exclusion OF almost all other games neg
With tho exception Of golf and q little
tennis IN tho football league contest GO t'' st
there are nine teams playing. "a
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
The Baltimore Medical College,

Liberal teaching ,taclItlesi modern college
ana completely equlnnad laboratories capacous
hospitals and T. Sr SEND g fEy cnssosue
5s 7l2 Park ava, Raltlmore, "a. n
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

Russell SAGE has herman emily retired
from business; hut some of his financial
relations are still an active force is
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

The gratifying news comes from Sails
bury that ''the town is quiet after the
lynohing.'''t There are u m ore prisoners
in jail. IN 81 y II, iS II
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
FOREMAN SQUELCHED.
1Rebelled Against the Remarks of
Nh e Commemorative Attorney.

8 tspeeial by southern Ball Telephone,
iss NORIO 4 x, VI y, ugust THE 1ury
ney STiltnn In the Corporation Court here
to- day, but was quickly put down, Z lle
attorney declared that the Jury had re-
turned anaunreasnnable verdict IN g 9 pre-
A. Aronhein,, & the foreman. arose IN
the box and declared that the jury WAS
a9courtl within Itself, and asked Judge
iITonkelS Ito protect the Jury against the
rebukes OF the Comm onWealth's "a ttnrney.
say lrsenre the tudga Instead rebuked
him, and SAID that The would be. fnell
for contempt at court Il he did not keep
nlllnt Then Aronhelnla subs lded. NV
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

5SPr Back, back to the dark days; there:
will he no strike to-day.ns Advice from pm,
Russian Grand A Dukes. sS5s3s rs
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
/ NOUN De SALES

&. ACADEMY Or THE !. Y!SITA'rIo!N!
cATONsv 9nsaf, Balt;mdoFes, az.
stgs'l2p ivs1
work in English SCIENCE music. aEt and III, IAN
ruagai. Ill9HlrRted catalogues on app4ic WY
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

the Martini Caroline 81 yncAi l the Z g
innocent bystan aer met With Ibis usual s a.
fate. @ 70 z III Il
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

This hot wave. Is hard y on the babies les
and big folks too y KS II d
Il Help the Ice Mission. q.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

" Tho Norfolk 3Landttiark says that judge
Portlock whose circuit formerly lnelutdleedl
Judge Boylsn' refused to grant licenses e.
!underthe same conditions before Judge
Eoykin wns placed on the bench
Tho Landmark further says that that ~, tho
Mann law 49, practically nrn hi p tory
Thntbelng the cnse II ought to be in N 81
fled or ma1e ptohibltory In precise terms,
Does not our oonterlp think; ~! so7
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

81 ta .----7--~' - 49, = = n
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
EPISCOPAL High School, J

4 Near Alexan drIa, Va.
I. NJ BlAC KTORD, LII p, Principal.
i Z For Hoys. Catalogue on appllca ton ton.
&. ~ ear opens September 20. 1905. N {.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
The Glebe School,
4i9 West Grace street,

419 Weet Grace Street.
S8s3 JUN lUs r LIZ io Head Master. IL
n rho fifth term viii begin Wednesday,
September 10. 1909. Propares boys fd
colleges ana universities, Primary de-,
partmcnt for aninll boys, t5
3 Terms; 500 per year ono-ilalfs payable
on 4 entrance ana one-half payable Febs
1vunry LIST ensuing " 81 VI 4 FIX
8 Address 2O2 West Main Street. AZ
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

5or pretentious, let us ever be- ready cad u 70
cast d lifeline to the unfortunate W who nc
lis struggling III the current. And md JOY y, Us
not BE ovcr.particular II. ascert a lIt
whether or no the unfortunate is ' ready ready
10 give up tie stfuEso and q cry aloud al
for help Many brave fellow has p ,, gone
down, God pity him because he was -, too
proud to beg. when his friends by q I little y
tactful ala might have saved lin. IN There re
is plenty Of auch residue work for t.ltA
who are on the lookout and no work 'r l la
f,oblera Christ still walks Oh the the wa va
ters, and be sure He notes every ls sfe'
line uaat "a save a STRUGGLING s9u'l; 71ss
sure also tint when ne hears the r req
cuer say, whether prince or i,en nIs'l Y
wlali we could do 1t oftener,".5, He sends 5
the message OH to heaven 70 sS DO anted
by the chorus Of angels. ia
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08
No{8o one ever called Nicholas lucky b.
Poor doomed Douma!.

The Russian + strike has struck out. y
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-08-08

.Mt.I 81. Agnes College for Young Wemsis
st Chartered In 1900. III
II Beautifully situated III suburbs OF Ball,
ytirnorc. Classica q Holantinc and Coinmersl
scial Al Courses for young women. Also
Preparatory School for girls. 5s5
Il Mi. WASHINGTON SEMINARY FOAs
BOYS under tfirteena years. Urinary and
Academic Cnursas, Preparation for col,
|lcge.S Address 1 SISTERS II MERCY
Mount WnshINt t0n, Gilmore. county
Nd. Accessible by, steam and trolley cars
Los Angeles herald., 1906-02-18

He realized that they talking, though he
could not hear what they were sayings He lis
tened intently, but Banks, he saw, knew this,
for he turned about and laughed silently at him,
and then the group put their heads still nearer
to one another. 1t was borne upon Barney grad
ually that he must know what it was they talk
ed about, and he thought over many plans to
accomplish this, and at last decided that the
only way was to steal upon them. But they
were clever and suspicious of him, so he must
be very cunning himself and make no noise.
Therefore, he slowly raised himself on his ell
bow to a sitting position, and slipped his legs
over the edge of the bed so gently that the ould
woman continued to snore contentedly. He kept
his eyes fixed upon the men in the corner as he
gained footing on the floor, and as he moved
towards them took great care to step quietly. At
the foot of the bed loose board cracked, and
McCrea looked UP quickly But the cranedrver
was not to be caught like that, and, as he felt
the board yielding, he sank behind the shelter of
the foot board of the bed--or was it an iron pill
lar in the shop?-and he chuckled to himself as
the alarm on McCreas face smoothed away,
and the conversation apparently resumed.
But their suspicious were aroused, and stalking
them was not an easy task, though he took adj
vantage of the shelter of many objects which
came in his way. Once a broken steel mould
that he remembered that Mr.. Baxter had order
ed to be broken up the next day shielded him
from a quick lifting Of Banks head; another
time it was corner of furnace No. a, round
Los Angeles herald., 1906-02-18

the conditions as to warmth, varieties Of
food and exercise as they would be placed dur.
ing their natural laying season.
Taking it for granted that you have selected
your earliest puets from your best laying hens
and have mated them with cockerel from some
known strain of good layers, you are ready to
feed them for egg production. 1t is well to bear
in mind that those hens you intend to breed
from, to produce pullets which will do the lay
ing next year, should not be hurried for eggs
too early, as it is likely to reduce the vitality
Of the birds. Forcing hens to lay is running
them beyond their normal strength, hence they
will wear out much sooner than if left to their
natural instincts and surroundings.
The pullets should be rushed to the limit,
II has been proven that the pullets during
their first season of laying will produce con-
siderably greater number of eggs than will hens
one year old or over. Also has it been proven
that the strongest chicks can be Matched from
eggs laid by hens one year old or their second
season of laying. This will give you an oppor'
tunity to select the best layers from amongst
the pulets which you are pushing for egg pro,
duction and TO carry them over carefully until
the next year, to be used as breeders to perpe-
tuate your stock
These hens kept over should be fed with a
view Of bringing them up 10 their best laying
Los Angeles herald., 1906-02-18

thatIl end him fur good an ALL? And McCrea
had nodded assent to this, and Peterson had
cursed him and the crane in one breath. What
they going to do he had not found out
But he did not care so much for this He had
couple of days before him, and in that time he
and his friend would find way to balk them.
And so he leaned with his back against a pile
of coA he came upon just then, and, with his
eyes closed, he fell to plotting
By and by, curiously enough, it seemed that
the oud woman came and looked down upon
him. But he told her to go away that he was
busy thinking. And, though his head bothered
him bit, he went on with his plotting; he had
plenty of time, as he knew, for the whistles
would warn him when the noon hour was up.
Then, all at once, it was the ould woman who
was at him again, this time asking him if he
was a-goin't' get up, and he opened his eyes and
started to remind her that the "Wurruks was no
place fur women" when his glance fell upon the
picture of saint, which he knew we'll hung
upon the wall of his room at the foot of his bed !;
and it came to him that daylight was turning the
windowpanes gray, and that it time he was
up and dressing to go TO work. So he raised
himself and got out of bed. He did it somewhat
clumsiy his back and legs were tremendously
weak and his head ached Strangely enough too
! the ould woman kept asking him again and again
if he felt "shtrong 'nough t wurruk?' and
"How's tn head?" It angered him to have her
bothering him in that way, and finally he told
her to Gave off askin' questi'ns, an send tn
Los Angeles herald., 1906-02-18
THE CONSPIRACY

the tail Of his eye he observed the satisfaction on
the latter's face when the foreman said: ayr
gettin' too blamed cocky, you an y'r crane,
Barney. Another accident Of that kind, an VII
get y'r walkin' papers. Keep that in y'r head"
He had not been discharged but he had been
threatened before his enemy; his giant friend
and he had been cursed. Hatred of them all
sank deeper into Barneys heart, and he made
his way to the shop door blind to everything
about him. But in the doorway a voice spoke
TO him out Of the gloom that was filling the
building where the electric lamps had not yet
begun to shine. It was the cultural voice Of the
crane, and its rumbling told him OF smothered
rage as implacable as his own. He turned about
and looked at the crane as it moved up the shop.
and his lips framed goodnight which somehow
he knew it heard, despite the clashing of iron
and steel that echoed throughout the building.
With the blood washed from the small, deep
cut on his temple, and rag saturated with
"pain.killer" bound about his head by the ould
woman, Barney's hurt bothered him but little
when he got into bed at nine o'clock that night.
But almost for the first time in his life he
learned that sleep does not come at ones bid
ding He lay on his back his eyes wide open,
and thought over the days happenings. Then,
despite the blackness, he began to see many
things that never before had been in that gaud-
lily papered nine-by-ten ROOM For, by and by
in one corner, with their heads close together he
discovered Banks, McCrea and Peterson, and
two or three Others of the gang. Nor did il sur
prise him, somehow, that they should be there
Los Angeles herald., 1906-02-18

which he was Just about to crawl, that screened
him at the critical moment. It seemed too that
the men were farther of than they had appeared
to be at first, and as he gradually began TO hear
the murmur Of their voices he understood that
that was why he had not been able TO make
out what they said when he discovered them.
But at last he was close to them, so close that
he could have touched the gauze shirt smutted
with sweat and coal dust and steel dirt, which
covered The back Of McCrea, who was nearest to
him. They had not seen him, though, and SO
he crouched behind ragged casting of iron and
listened. The clangor of work in the shop was
stilled, for he understood that it was the noon
hour, and he could distinguish their words quite
plainly. He listened to them until he saw
Banks straiehten up and Peterson shuttle his
feet, when, guessing that they were about to
separate, he stole away unobserved But he had
not listened in vain; for now he was certain of
something which gradually had been taking form
in his brain since the day before.
He had learned of the existence Of the Great
Conspiracy.
They were jealous of him and the mighty pow
er he welded, and they were plotting to do
away with him; without him, they counted on
having an easy task in disposing of the crane.
There was that business of the breaking Of the
chain, which so nearly had earned for him his
discharge; he was absolutely sure now that that
was part of their plan to ruin him. For had
he not just heard Banks say: "Wc'll fix him
yet. We slipped up on tn chain racket, but
somethin' II happen n a couple of days or so
Los Angeles herald., 1906-02-18
lens TO LA Y IN WIN I e R

fowls suffer mostly during the winter, the night
being much colder than the day and lack of exer'
else the fowl uses the energy to keep itself warm
that should be assisting in producing eggs The
curtain, which is hinged and lowered during
the night, must be fitted with an outlet through
which the fowls may pass in the morning from
the roosting coop to the other parts of the house
The scratching sheds or the department used
during the day should be fitted with glass roof
or front facing the south. 1t should have a
floor that is raised about one foot above the
level of the ground and be free from any cracks
or crevices which would cause draught Ven
tilation may be provided by air shafts extending
through the roof, which will cause fresh sup
ply of air without creating draughts. The front
should be made to open during the warmer por-
ton of the day. Dampness and cold draughts are
to be prevented. The floor should be covered
with about six inches of litter, which may con-
sist of chaff, leaves, cut straw or fodder. In
this department the sunshine should reach all
portions, and if the feed is thrown over the
litter the fowls will exercise and keep as COM
Portable and busy as though they were roam.
ing the fields during spring or summer.
Feeding hens during winter plays no little part
in the success or failure of egg production The
feed must be of varied nature, and feed warm
and often. There are numerous methods that