River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1906-03-29

PA X ~ I f l.

PLAN FOR LAYING OUT ORCHARD.
light, but as to this factor we cannot
say. To lay off irregular land, in case
none of the boundaries forms natural
or convenient base line, it is neces-
sary to establish base line across the
plot on such site as best suited the
wishes of the planter. This may be
ON exact north and south, or east and
west lines; or it may have an angle so
as to bring the row lines into con
formity to the best contour lines, Or
SO as to give the longest straight lines
in any desired directions. Having es-
tablished the base line, the next opera
ton is to measure off, at right angles
from two points, from the base line
preferably at as great distance, say
the space of eight or ten rows, more
or less, as may be convenient, and es-
tablish thereby parallel to the base
line.
In order that this sectional line shall
be an accurate parallel, it is necessary
to establish the perpendicular by
starting from stake, a in diagram,
on the bse line and lay off on this line
exactly 60 feet and establish second
stake b, on same line Then from the
point first taken draw line 80 feet
from the base line as nearly perpendic-
ular to it as possible, and test the
same by drawing a line 100 feet from
the second stake on the base line. The
point C, where these lines meet at 80
feet from the base, will be an exact
perpendicular from the point first
taken. Project this line to the re-
Quired distance for establishing the
parallel of the base line. Establish a
second perpendicular in like manner,
and project it to a distance equal to
the first perpendicular; connect these
points and a parallel is established
1t is always best to establish one OF
these perpendiculars from the exact
point on the base line where a tree is
to stand, as this then gives the posi-
ton of a tree in the second or para1-
lei line. In order to do this, it is
proper to lay off and stake the tree in
position in the base line before estab-
fishing the parallel, but this is not at
all necessary. It is sufficient to es-
tablish a tree position as the stake
from which perpendicular is first tax
en-. Diagram gives base line and
method of obtaining parallel.
After establishing one tree point on
the base line, lay off and set stakes at
each tree position on this line, usual
ly beginning and ending 20 feet from
boundary. Then on the parallel be-
ginning at the tree point already es-
tablished, lay off from it and set
stakes at each tree position on this
line. The two lines of stakes give two
series of points on the parallel lines
through which it is only necessary to
project lines at right angles, and to
extend them to the boundaries of the
plot to establish all the rows. Then
on these CROSSINGS it is necessary to
set stakes at the proper distances to
establish all the tree positions. It is
quite customary to use a long line Of
cord or wire with the tree distances
accurately marked on it for stalking
tree positions, says the Rural New
Yorker This is stretched carefully
through the points on the parallel
lines, and the stakes driven at the
points marked on the setting line. On
irregular plots the trees run out on
the boundary as may happen without
regard to number of rows.