The Greeley tribune., 1906-07-12
JULY SECOND The DAY

VV0A AAVS0so
GOVERNMENT HISTORIAN SAIS
REAL INDEPENDEACE IS NOT
THE FOURTH.
Colonies Made Declaration Againet
England PREVIOUS to Drawing MIS-
t.Ticai Paper.-Finai S'9n'"s o'
Document on August See~"o'
According to the opinions Of the
latest historical authorities both the
school children of by-gone days and
those Of the present time have been
| taught Incorrectly MS to the proper IN
dependence day Of the nation. NO one
date seems to develop such excltable
emotions as does the mention OF the
Fourth of July, but how unattracuve
would 1t seem II we were to state that
the second Of July is the day OF fire
crackers, bombs and Roman candles.
And yet, according to- Mr.. William II.
Michael. Chief Clerk and Historian of
the Department of State, 'The real In
dependence Day is the second Of July"
Since we bent over our childhood
histories we have always had an idea
that our fathers severed the ties with
Great Britain on the Fourth Of July,
1916, and we have had word Of no less
an authority than Thomas Jefferson,
author of that hallowed instrument,
that the Declaration was signed on
that date. on whose anniversary the
great father of democracy died. But
Mr.. Michael says no, and for years he
has toiled for his country beneath the
same roof which shelters the sacred
document; has had the nations arch
ives at his fingers ends.
INDEPENDENCE ON JULY 2.
1.-THE independence of the United
States was declared by resolution on
the I'd OF July, and the adoption of the
form of Declaration on the 4th of July
was a secondary matter" says Mr..
Michael. .'It is little strange that
more importance was not attached TO
the I'd of July in connection with the
Declaration of Independence. The res
olution introduced by Richard Henry
Lee. was passed on that day (July 2.
| 1776). This was really the vital point
1.-The crucial juncture."
The real act Of independence, which
Mr.. Michael has had reproduced in fac,
simile, was then the Lee resolution
declaring:
THAT these United colonies are, and
of right ought to be, free and indie
pendent states: that they are absnlrst
from all allegiance to the British
Crown, and that all political connection
between them and the State of Great
Britain is. and ought to be. totally
dissolved"
SIGNED AUGUST 2.
Concerning the actual date of the
Declarations signing. Mr.. Michael
says: "Mr. Jefferson in his account
states that all the members present
except Mr.. Dickinson, signed the Dec
laration in the evening Of the Fourth
of July. The journal shows that no
one signed 1t that evening except Mr..
Hancock and Mr.. Thomson. The
journal entry is: Signed, John Han
cock. President, Attest. Charles Thorn.
son, Secretary On August
2. the Declaration. as engrossed under
the order OF Congress. was signed by
all of the members of Congress
present"
What really did happen on July 4.
of that year of years was the final
adoption of draft of the form Of
announcing the fact to the world
that independence had been decreed
two days before. Jefferson had writ
ten this draft in his Philadelphia
apartments. consisting of a ready-fur-
nished parlor and bedroom in the new
brick house of Hyman Gratz. at the
southwest corner of 7th and Market
streets, ION the outskirts of the city,"
The Penn National Bank now occupy
ing the site of this dwelling, is in the
very business heart of Philadelphia,
| WRITTEN LATE IN JULY.
But the Original Declaration" which
all pilgrims to Washington formerly
gazed upon in awe and reverence. was
not ordered written for more than two
weeks after that long but unjustly
hallowed July 4. On July 10, Con-
gress ordered that the Declaration be
fairly engrossed on parchment and
that ''the same, when engrossed. be
signed by every member Of Congress-"
Some time within the next two weeks
the beautiful pen work which thous-
ands of Americans have since mar
veled at and admired was executed
upon the great strip of sheepskin now
locl-ed away in the Department OF
State at Washington.
On August 2. 1916, just month
after the real stroke of independence
this great sheepskin was unrolled in
the presence of the Continental Con
gress. in Independence Hall, with the
wording OF the corrected draft 1t was
carefully compared at the table,"
This formality gone through with.
1t was spread out upon a desk and
signed by all Of the members of Con
gress present. Fifty OF these fathers
of the republic signed on that day.
Six of the revered "signers.. did not
aff1x their signatures until later dates,
George Wythe OF Virginia signed
about August 81. Richard Henry Lee,
Virginia: Eldridge Gerry. Massachu-
setts. and Oliver Wolcott. Connecticut,
did not sign until some time in Sep.
tember. Matthy Thornton, of New