davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1906-06-14
LOSSES OF A BRITISH COMPANY.

LONDON, June 2.-At meeting Of the RoyaI
Exchange Assurance Corporation to-day Sir n
iupDooh governor OF the corporation, said the loss
by The FIRE at San Francisco was from 50 600 ooo -
sz4s1oJe. out of q total risk OF s3s5OocoO The di
rectors advocated reasonable compromise in deal
was due in part Tie earf hnrla L. - " P'"PeIty
New-York tribune., 1906-06-14
NEW WEST POINT SUPERINTENDENT
Major Hugh L. Scott Selected to Succeed
General Mills

washington. June l3.-Major Hugh l.. Scott 18th
CaFairy' now In the Philippines has been selected
py secretary Taft to succeed Brigadier General
Albert l.. Mills superintendent of the Military
Academy, The command OF an army department
PIopaby IN the Philippines will be given to General
hIiIis VINO mas served more than five years as sI-
desire. @'' ~ Ai'S V"h
New-York tribune., 1906-06-14
HEAVY LOSS TO ILLINOIS.

lBy Telegraph to The Tribune.
Chicago. June 13.-nlinois lost 10000 to-dav
because its Incorporation laws are not broad
enough to permit the Incorporation of the new
$foooooO Sears-Roebuck Company The off,
GERS went TO New York this evening and incor-
oc New Jersey. ~
New-York tribune., 1906-06-14
[By Telegraph to The Tribune. I

Sioux City, Iowa, June 13-George d. Perkins
who is a candidate for nomination against Governor
Cummlns, was asked to-day about his papers
statement that President Roosevelt urged Secre-
tary Shaw to come to Iowa to speak for the stand
pat" doctrine. He replied that he had nothing to
do with the report II do not that the
President IS taking any hand in the Iowa cam
paign or that he is sending agents out here to
take side the other in the contest between
Governor Cummins and myself" he answered.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-14
OPPOSED TO NEW DELAWARE SENATOR
Mutterings of Discomfort Among Demo-
cratic Legislators and Democrats Generally.
m Telegranh 10 Nc Trihnne

Try Telegraph to The Tribune
Wilmington, Del. June 1S.-Colonel Henry A. Du
Pont. who formally elected United States Son
ator by the Republican majority of the Legislature
at Dover to-day. may not take his seat without n
contest. Since his nomination in caucus on Monday
night there have been mutterings OF discontent
from Democratic members and Democrats gen.
orally.
willard Salisbury. the Democratic state chair
man. went to Washington this morning IL is 70
ported to oppose the seating of the new Senator
The daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1906-1907, 1906-10-26

= Hd1ay ~ nintA ~ - loevsAl0.
1eeS. aaA - eeeero ~ Win sada o.
60 and resolution aa& The NV -
many s1a!sss q - Dasssl q sseA
as may b necessary for tAs payment
u said assessment. tcEstAss WITH The
exDenses q Advertising ana sass. Will
b sold at public auetioa ct the sAes
q ne company 1t Nenspr Liz NsrsA
Caz,ee straet in the CITY q Carson
state q Nsvada. at TIA .AG1rs -st--s ua
o'elodA ,. n On Friday, h ninth
day Of November 1874, q ny saiA q
liAqueat assessment, together with
cost q advertising aAa ezpsnsss Il
sala
BY order Of the BOARD p Directors
Of the Prudential Investment and ~
cufity Company.
w. n AYKRS, aserstary
September 2Stn, -.se.
Principal ONCE. No. 11s. Nerth Car
son street, Carson City, New.
! Executive office, Room Z, SIS Eddy
street, San Francisco, Caslfornia.
The daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1906-1907, 1906-10-26
THE TRUSTS CANDIDATES

representing organized
the candidates. asking them
law that
70 natio
If candidate really aims
he trusts they paying
he
The republican
nc alth Is have
That tells the The Tusas
thing on election day
The daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1906-1907, 1906-10-26
AGENTS WANTED

\, Agents, Male or Female, make big
money selling our goods Write for
catalogue. II you want to buy fDr
your own use, our prices will aston
lsh you. United Mfrs Mail Order
Co., 127 Frant st. New York CITY.
The daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1906-1907, 1906-10-26
RAMSEY STAGE LINE

'AlLY stage leaves cssv chilli on the
arrival Of the Tonopah train. Parties
leave Carson City at 9:26 a. m. and
connect with the stage waiting At
Churchill. :. Extra stages for large par
ties. Make arrangements BY wire 70
Towie Bros Stage Line, Churchill.
Fare -.
The daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1906-1907, 1906-10-26
NOTICE o. DELINQUENT GALE

Prudential Investment and Security
Company, ;seAtfon ana principal eAes
No. lie n. Carson strest Cara City.
Nevada Executive oMss. kee1. :,
SIC Bddy street. an. 11aaei.ee. ca,
NOTICE: There are ieliasree.t
upon the follovins described stock.
On account q assessment mo. - lev-
I'D On the SfxteentA day Of August
1905. the several amounts SCI epposits
the name Of the respective share
holders, az follows:
List Of Stockholders Delinquent
The daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1906-1907, 1906-10-26

the name Of the respective snare
holders. a. follows:
List Of Stockholders Delinquent
Nam. .ert. Ne. 81. Amt
e Anderson 2S 10 : 100
Martin Aronsoha 15 IS 40
r n Arnesburxsr. .....31 % 200
YER. W D. "a 14s 1880
ourroe Rernert ze 3 50
,oh, Rerxre. 10 100
l. c.r... q 10 100
u.rh.rt chovin,ki ~ 315 $3.50
pan, courj.n Al 12 100
pan, conr;,r 40 8 80
r , nictex % 100 1000
Lob, p Diyre, 74 / 20
Arizona republican., 1906-06-25

Your free choice of any pair Lace Cur talns in the house-Bobinet, Swiss, Nottingham and Arabian Dentenes misunderstanding this l. If
Arizona republican., 1906-06-25

GOOD PILLOW cAsEs-The kind that will give long service. nicely hemmed. sizes 42x36 and 45x36 worth up to 15c. Sale price, 10
Arizona republican., 1906-06-25

5LEAcHED sHEETs-Cot size: 54z 90, torn by hand and finished with deep hem, of excellent quality OOo cotton, worth soc. Sale price .OIS
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
SELLS GIRLS AS SLAVES
Russian Parents Keep Wolf From Door
-Mohammedans Buy.


St. Petersburg, Nov. 23.-Reports
from the famine districts of Russi;
show that the distress is steadily grow
ing acute. The peasants in the govern
ment of Kazan have been driven to des
peration and are selling their daugh
ters into slavery to Mohammedans o.
the Caucasus. The ages of the girls
sold range from II to II, and tho
prices realized are $50 to SIS.
The announcement of the impending
Jewish reforms has aroused, as expect
ed, the opposition of the reactionary ell
ements. kilograms of protest are
reaching the emperor and Premier Sto-
lypin from all parts of the empire.
The party of legal order, which form
ed the extreme right of the constitu
tionalist parties at the last elections
has joined in the campaign of the open
ly reactionary leagues. NJ. Stolypin
has received a dispatch from the head
quarters of the organization at Kiev,
concluding as follows:
The extension of the rights of the
Jews will drive the patriotic Russian
people to criminal measures"
1t is stated on good authority that
the reforms already contemplated will
not be abandoned. although it is the in
tention of the ministry to leave the
main Jewish question to parliament for
settlement.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23

fed and fine of S. imposed. In the bill
If divorce the wife states that the
couple were married May %, 1891, and
lived together till the day of the al
legged assault. Further acts of cruelty
are told of and drunkenness is charg
ed. Custody of five children of the
couple and permanent alimony are
asked.
In another divorce bill filed by H. NJ
McCaskrin as attorney for Mrs. Sarah
Radcloff. the latter, who is a resident
of Coal Valley seeks release on the
grounds of desertion, from Henry Rad
loft. The couple were married in 1890
and the wife alleges desertion in 1904.
Custody of three children and alimony
are asked.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
BARKEEPER BEATS UP
A NEWSPAPER MAN
7. I. Stanley, Editor of Moline Journal,
Roughly Used by Oscar john
son.

AS a result of story appearing in
his paper regarding Ed Ward, proprie-
tor of a saloon at Sixteenth street and
Second avenue, Moline, T. l. Stanley,
editor of the Moline Journal, was Sc
verely beaten last night by Oscar John
son, bartender for Ward. Ward was
fined SO today for assault. 1t was about
midnight that Stanley stopped at the
saloon to wait for street car. John
son. who is a much heavier man than
Stanley, Immediately set upon the lat
ter and did not desist until policeman
interfered.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
HITS AT FREE SEED PLAN
National Grange Convention Adopts a
Resolution ATTACKING System.

Denver, Col, Nov. 23-The National
Grange convention yesterday adopted
resolutions reported by the committee
on agriculture condemning free seed
distributions by the government as be
ing of no benefit. opposing a national
fertilizer law, and faYOring amendment
of the oleomargarine law by striking
out the word knowingly to the end
that convictions may be secured for
violation of the law. The report was
adopted. On a resolution asking con
gress for an annual appropriation for
the extension of agricultural education
the committee reported favorably and
the report was adopted. The resolution
asks for $4,000
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
THE USUAL RESULT
Muscatins Youth Pulled Gun
From Boat With Muzzle
Toward Himself.
LOST ARM AND MAY DIE
Accident Happened When Party Land
ed in Lower End of This
County.

Ora McElroy, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
James McElrOy of Muscatine. had his
right arm so badly shattered in hunt
ing accident yesterday afternoon in
the lower end of this county, that he
nay lose the member and possibly his
ife.
The accident took place on the bank
lbove the bridge at $50 o'clock in the
afternoon. McElroy, with two com
)anions. had rowed across the river
With the intention of hunting.
The boys landed and McElroy start
ID to pull the gun from the boat AS
he did so, the gun was discharged
against his right arm. He fell to the
ground with his right arm nearly torn
off by the heavy charge of shot.
Bound mp Wound.
The boys bound up the wound and
rowed the wounded youth home where
he is in critical condition.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
WANTS To KNOW
Congressman Mckinney Anxious
to Obtain Sentiment as to
SmokeIess Powder Plant
TO GUIDE HIS OWN ACTION
Subject One That Should Have Atten.
tention of the Local Repre-
sentative Bodies.

Congressman James Mckinney has
written for an expression of sentiment
on the part of the people of Rock Is
land and Moline relative to the pro-
posed location of the smokeless pow
der plant at Rock Island arsenal.
AS has been heretofore stated in
The Argus the ordnance department is
at present undecided as between Rock
Island arsenal and Dover. Della, as a
place for establishing this plant, and
the fact that there are strong objec-
tions to the location of an industry of
this kind in any community has been
fully set forth
Has Its Objections.
II is extremely doubtful. as has been
said. whether the fact of its giving en-
polyment to not more than $50 addi-
tional men would offset the objection
able features in danger. unsightliness
and the damaging and unhealthy odOr
that would arise from it. And in this
connection the contention has been
advanced by The Argus, at least, that
it would be eminently more advan-
tageous to the three cities to urge the
employment of more men in the spleH-
did shops already established at the
arsenal, than to seek the additional
smokelesS powder plant.
Up to the People to Decide.
However, it is up to the people of
the two cities to determine what they
would desire Congressman Mckinney
to do, as he is anxious to be guided
by their wishes in the premises.
The subject is one that it would
seem should have the attention of the
Rock Island Industrial commission
which embraces the Rock Island club
and the Rock Island Business Mems
association, and the city council. in
order that Congressman Mckinney
may determine the most eXpedient
course to pursue.
Meanwhile the columns of The
Argus are open to communications on
the subject should anyone care to ex-
press his views.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
ROWLAND is BOUND OVER
Man Who Attempted Double Tragedy
Recently Under $500 Bonds.

Barney Rowland, the man who at
tempted to kill Mrs EfIie Baker some
time ago, was given preliminary
hearing before Police Magistrate ELI
OFT this morning at the county jail.
Rowland was bound over to the grand
jury in the sum of S1,500. He de-
clined TO testify Mrs Baker in her
testimony told Of the morning when
Rowland attacked and severely cut
her about the face and breast, with
what she supposed to be razor as she
was returning home with washing on
seventeenth street. 1t has been foun
out that Rowland served 9 months in
the penitentiary at Anamosa for theft
before coming here. He was recently
discharged from ST Anthonys hospital,
having recovered from the injuries in
fiicted at the time with the object of
self destruction and has since been at
the JAIL He will not be able to give
bail
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
TRAVELS AS TRAIN
Glidden Automobile Arrives From
Chicago and Party Spends
Night Here.
CONTINUE ON WESTWARD
Railway Conductor Goes AIonq to Dis
charge Usual Functions of That
Official.

Charles Glidden. the millionaire oil
Boston, Mass, famous for long distance
automobile runs, with his party arrived
from Chicago in Moline yesterday af
ternoon about 3 o'clock over the Rock
Island road. He Travelled in his rail
way automobile and spent the night al
the Manufacturers hotel in that city
The run from Chicago was made in C
hours and As minutes, which is almost
equal to passenger time between the
two cities. The automobile used is q
napier of the ordinary type touring car.
with the exception of the wheels, which
are made of steel and similar to those
used on passenger cars. Mr. Glidden's
destination is the City of Mexico, a
trip of 6,445 miles, of which 1866 will
be made by rail and the remainder by
the highways. He expects to reach
Mexico about Jan. !, 1907.
Carried Conductor
Mr.. Glidden is accompanied by his
wife and Miss Martha Barron. On the
trip from Chicago Superintendent
Smalley of the Rock Island road, and
Conductor Fenimore were members of
the party. The conductor discharged
his customary duties in the same man
ner as he would have done in charge
of train. The party departed from
Davenport this morning and expected
to reach Trenton, Mo-, distance of
237 miles, by tonight After the trip
to Mexico, the Gliddens will ship their
car to Egypt. where they will continue
their travels.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
MAKES CHARGE BASIS
OF A SUIT FOR DIVORCE
Mrs. Matte Asa Alleged to Have Been
Beaten Nov. g Files
Bill.

The charge of assault alleged to
have been committed Nov 8 by
Charles Asa of this city upon his wife,
Matte Asa, is made the basis for a
divorce suit which has been brought
by the latter through her attorney, H.
NJ. McCaskrin. The bill has been filed
in the circuit court. Asa was given q
hearing before Justice Schroeder yes
terday afternoon. The charge was mod
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
BIG AUCTION is POSTPONED

Public Sale of Island Dairy Farm Cows
to Take Place Monday, Nov. 26.
This sale consists of 45 head of
milch cows, mostly of grade Jersey
and Holstein, 40 head of fashionable
bred shoats, Is head of horses and
farm implements at w. H. MarshalPs
Island Farm dairy on Vandruff's is
land, Milan, Monday, Nov &c. 1906.
This sale will take place under shei-
ter, plenty of room, rain or shine, on
the above date.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
VISITOR SUFFERS A FALL
Miss Margaret Leslie of GaIva Slips on
Ice and Breaks Arm

Miss Margaret Robinson of Galva.
who has been visiting at the Kerns
home, 40S Fifteenth street. fell yester-
day afternoon in front of Young &
McCombs' department store, and
broke her arm, both bones above the
wrist being fractured. She was taken
to the Kerns home where a physician
adjusted the broken bones.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
CHOCTAW NEGROES GET LAND
Interior Department Recognizes All
Freedmen of Nation.

MuskOgee. |. T, Nov. 23.-The Tever-
sal by the interior department of a de
cision of Commissioner Tams BiXby of
the Five Nations entities all negroes in
the Choctaw nation, who are known as
freedmen, under the age of 81, who
were living on March 4, 1906, to a place
on the rolls. Between 5000 and 1000
people are affected. Each individual
will receive the equivalent of 40 acres
of land commercially worth SIS per
acre.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
WOULD you
Or Would You Not?

Rather have your clothes made over
your form, finely tailored. and the cost
about $25, or cut over a dummy, not
made to fit any one in particular, and
at $3.50 per? Our clothes are cut and
made for the individual and not the
crowd. BEAL & SCHMITT,
Illinois Theater Building
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
SCH0EDE GETS PLACE
AT WATERFOWL HOSPITAL
Enters Upon His Duties as Chief CLERK
Dec. I Succeeding Captain n.
A. J. Mcdonald.

Edward w. Schoede. formerly a de-
putty at the county building and for
some time teller at the Peoples National
bank, has received the appointment of
chief clerk at the WATERFOWL hospital
succeeding Captain H. A. ]. Mcdonald,
and will enter upon his duties Dec. l.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
RIVER FORECAST.

Nearly stationary stages in the Mis-
sissippi will continue between Du-
buQue and Muscatine.
J. NJ. SHERIER, Local Forecaster
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23

Good for everything a salve is used
for and especially recommended for
piles. That is what we say of De-
Wits Witch Hazel salve. On the mar
ket for years and a standby in thou
sands of families. Get DeWitt's. Sold
by all druggists.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
Receiver for s4 600 moo Firm,

Detroit. Mich. Nov. 23.-Federai
Judge Swan has appointed the Michi-
gan Trust company of Grand Rapids
receiver for the Great Northern-Port-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
Best for Home Use.

Order a case of Cross Country, the
best family beer. Rock Island Brew
ing company. Old phone west 80, new
60S9.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23

land Cement company. The company
is capitalized at 100000 and its
plant is said to have cost S1,000,0O0.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
RIVER RIPLETS.

The stage of water was $40 at q
a. M, and 5.75 at noon.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-11-23
OBITUARY RECORD.
Jacob Strohmeier.

Jacob StrOhmeier, a long time res
ident of the county, died at his homo
in Andalusia last night of the infirm
tiles of age He would have been 9
years of age at his next birthday, Feb
90 of next year. He was born in Ger
many and came to America in early
life. He first settled at Paducah, Ky.
later removed to Buffalo. Iowa. and
came to Andalusia, where he spent the
remainder of his days, 40 years ago
He was a carpenter by trade For d
number of years he had been in feeble
health. His wife preceded him in
death. Surviving are four sons
Charles. of Sac City. Iowa; Gus. Of
Sioux City. Iowa; Edward, of Med
ford, Okla, and William. of Andalusia
Walker.
The 9-months-old child of Mr. and
Mrs. o. o. Walker. who reside at 1881
Thirty street, died yesterday
morning. Death was due to spinal
meningitis. The funeral was held this
morning at 10 o'clock at the home. Rev
Hedley Hall of the congregational
church, Moline officiating. Burial took
place at Chippiannock cemetery.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1906-01-27
THE WIFE AS A BANKER

Women are savers rather than
spenders. And when they spend
they spend to good advantage.
A dollar in woman's hand goes
twice as far as a dollar in the
hands of man. If you want to
save money let your wife be your
banker. This is for the man who
gets wages out of a job and for
the man who gets a salary out of
a position. This is for the work.
ingman, whether he labors with
his hands or tolls with his brain.
This is for the married man and
for the man about to be married.
1t is for men in every class Of life
and every walk of life. 1t is the
best advice for the average man
everywhere. Indianapolis SEN
tinel,
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1906-01-27
REMEMBER THE PLACE.
LOUIS LEWIS
Main Street, Next to Telephone Office
The Model Girl.

Her motto is: "Do unto Others
Myou would have them do unto
you" The real queen of the rose
bud garden of girls is she who
scatters kind words, kind smiles
and sweet courtesies along the
way, who remembers her friends
et aIl seasons with equal cordiali-
y.
Another characteristic of the
model girl is quiet dignity. It is
ne perfect virtue that results from
tie mingling of gentleness and
se!f'respect with an atom of con-
s,ioeratton thrown in to make the
alnefent parts mingle perfectly
! ana make q delightful type of
slfiaood. Her dignity diffuses it.
self like the perfume of a rose
you delight in it as much as you
respect it.
tatience, self-control, kindness
ana veracity also characterize the
= %oaei girl. She bears in mind
s :as. "home was not built in a
Wy, and 80 she bides her time,
IT, ~: 70 700 big a hurry when any
oolect is to be accomplished. Self
Cl STasFol ls the base of all virtues,
~ xnsfacter exhibits itself in control
i sl.s sPeecn as much as in anything
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1906-01-27

The boy VINO saves his money
becomes the banker, the merchant,
the professional man. The boy
who never saves cent makes the
man who "earns his bread by the
sweat of his BROW" who never
owns a home or enjoys the luxu-
ries of life He always has kick
coming, and never lets a chance
to kick go by. Everything goes
wrong with him-when he is a
man. Parents should use every
possible means to make graduates
in economy Of the boys and girls.
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1906-01-27

,..";.s ..Ms;.xspepers which publish the
.s .ysu,.s OF church euchre parties
!. Sae.e prizes are given away may
excluded from the mails by
; fS;;'master General Contelyou.
~. sa.s ls 70 apply only to such af-
-. Do g cnarge an admission fee.
,.s.: saues where the players are not
.sgulfed to present tickets do NOT
sS@e under the ban. The attorney
Ssr. s.s!sa a lor the postofflce depart
ma. says the rule will not be
sos,s,l sas 70 work any injury to any
i : .H enterprise, but adds that
Al. 4 sni 10. De best for the press to re-
n 'a aa .lom printing lists of prizes
V charged. ''''n Ices
The St. Mary banner. (Franklin, Parish of St. Mary, La.) 1889-1931, 1906-01-27
WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS.

One of the greatest railway mer
in the world has predicted thai
within twenty years the steam
/ locomotive will be found only in
museums, and that its place will
be supplied by the electric moto,
propelling trains across the con-
tinent at the rate of seventy five
miles an hour.
Such a possibility as this strik-
| lngly illustrates the astonishing
rapid rate of developments in
which the mechanical world is
progressing. The nineteenth CEN
tury was the age of steam; the
twentieth century is to be emphat-
ically the age of electricity.
No one can safely predict the
limits to which electrical develop
ment will proceed, but it is safe
to say that at the end of this GEN.
tury conditions of life upon this
globe will be wonderfully changed
from those which now exist, by
reason of the increased ability of
man to control this mysterious
but marvellous force to his advan-
tage.
1t was considered a labor-saving
device to build the steamship, but
the steamship has brought the
whole world into four very close
and compact corners. 1t was con-
sidered labor-saving device to
build the locomotive, but the To-
comotive takes you to the open
plains, the fertile valleys and the
gold-lined mountain sides, so you
can reach the harvests of the AL.
which had you relied on
your tired legs, never could have
been gained.