davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-11
IN

1t is in an earlier chapter of this volume
hat the social conditions OF the United
States in the fourth decade of the nineteenth
century are reviewed. The census of 1880
showed that the great westward moving
wave OF population had been checked.
The steamboat, better means Of communica-
,tion, better times and tho rise of new in
dustries in the Eastern States had done
much to retard migration and population
had become more stable. During the dec
ade 1910 to 1920 the percentage of increase
Of population as compared with the previous
decenpial period had fallen in every sea-
board State from Maine to Louisiana,
except In Connecticut and South Carolina.
In the decade 1920 toiss0. on the other hand,
the psrceptage increased in twelve States
on the seaboard and fell in six. OF the
L., 800 900 human beings in the United States
in 1880 a little less than 5,25O,OO0 were free
white females and a little more than ESQ 900
we're free white males. There were some
slaves in the free States and in the Terri
tories, but the number Of them in the slave
holding States was now I 900, 600. 80 d $50
During the same decade, $50 ls'e. the
ranks Of free labor had been largely in
creased by the arrival annually of thousands
of emigrants from the British Isles and
Continental Europe. Unskilled laborers
we're imperatively needed for the prose-
cution OF the great works of internal inn
provement then under way. There were
not only protests against the encourage
ment OF immigration, but riotous outbreaks
against foreign workmen. Yet nothing ia
more certain than that, but for the presence
of the imported laborer, the turnpikes,
canals and railroads. for III construction
Of which the fourth declde Of the nineteenth
century was remarkable, could not. have
been built. 1t seems strange to us now
that in the '3Os the friends Of internal i'm
provement should lave been sharply
divided concerning the relative merits of
canals and railroads. IL was admitted that
for novelty and speed a railroad might be
preferable to stage coaches and canal boats,
but it was contended that for a long journey
or for a man travelling with a family a
canal was better. It was pointed out that
on a canal boat passengers could eat their
meals, walk about and write a letter ,wherels
in a railway carriage these things were
then impossible. In q canal boat too, the
passenger we're as safe as at horne. whereas
in a railway car nobody could tell what
might hapren. 1t was further argued that
railways were opposed to the habits and
feelings OF the American People, because
they crelted m~onopolies in transportation.
A farmer could not wi railroad wagons.
But for 500 no could buy a boat, or with
the help OF his hands build one to carry
twenty-five tons. To move such q load by
railroad would require eight cars and a
locomotive costing $4,000. Into his canal
boat the farmer can put an assorted cargo
$1,000 ~
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-11

shiploads OF wheat frptn England began 70
arrive at our ports. Ere the yoarits9s had
closed nearly 200. 900 bushels reached New
York, and $4,000 came to Baltimore in
January, 1887. By, the FIRST Of the following
February -four was selling at si2.5O a barrel
in New York city. In March. the business
world was startled, by the news that, three
great cotton firms in New Orleans had
failed for $500 900, and three New York
firms at once suspended, with liabilities OF
more than 1000 600. By the middle of
April the number OF failures in New York
had reached 1888. About the same time the
largest cotton house in all the South failed
for $4,000 900, and in two days time eight
more firms followed, their liabilities aggre-
eating s27, 900, 600. Tobacco had, fallen in
price beyond all calculation. The price
of cotton had declined from SIT to $40 q
pound, and there was no money with which
to buy it even at that figure. The cotton
factors Of Mobile and New Orleans, who had
made advances to the planters for the
purpose OF enabling the latter to buy land
and slaves. were unable TO sell the cation
they had shipped, Before May In New
York city all laborers were out of employ
ment. Book printing had been stopped.
furniture makers had discharged their
hands and people had begun to break up
housekeeping.
Distress spread presently to the eastward.
The shoemakers Of Lynn felt the pressure
80 kecnly that they sent a delegation, to
New York to ascertain the state Of affairs
in that CITY. The manufacturers OF Haver-
hill began to curtail business and dismiss
hands. Whalers at. Salem ceased fitting
out their ships. The lumber men Of Bangor
and Augusta, Me-, were without orders,
and scores Of mechanics and laborers were
leaving because they could get no work.
Before the end OF May the banks in almost
all Of the important cities had suspended
the payment OF specie for their bills. Two
results followed: first. the postal service
was seriously impeded, because postmast-
ers were required by Law not I'd receive or
pay out the notes Of banks which did not,
pay specie on demand: and, secondly, the
Federal government had now no bsnksyin
which IL could lawfully make deposits:
Nor could it pay out bank notes unless
these we're redeemable on demand in gold
and silver coin. To meet the lack Of small
change, shinplasters, or paper promises to
pay, we're issued by corporations n even
by individuals, especially tavern keepers
and storekeepers. Where banks were for
hidden to Issue notes under s. they re-
sorted to certificates. copper tokens re-
sembling cents and stamped with designs
aud notices Of a political character were
thrown by thousands into circulation. 1t
was not until midsummer. 1898, that a re-
sumption Of specie payment by the banks
began in some Of the States, and it was not
until the beginning OF 1880 that the banks
OF New Orleans resumed. The panic Of
1887 seems to have been the worst ever
experienced in the United States, that OF
1893. severe as il was, causing less devasta-
ton.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-11
n History OF the Last Thlrts.nye Years.

The History or the Last Thirty.nve Years.
The twentieth and concluding volume
Of the History Of All Nations series. pub
lished by Lea Brothers a Co., is entitled
Contemporary Europe. Asia and Africa,
by Charles Mclean Andrews, professor OF
history in Bryn Mawr College and author
Of The Historical Development OF NJ odern
Europe from the Congress Of Vienna to the
Present Time This series was intended
to be a translation Of the ~Allgemeine Welt
geschichte," the many volumes OF which,
by various authors, were edited by Prof.
Theodor Flsthe. The editor himself wrote
the nineteenth volume, which ostensibly
carries the reader to the close of the reign
OF the Emperor William l. QsSsl; but as
his treatment Of other countries than Ger
many since 1871 was summary, and as the
subject was viewed by the author from
a German standpoint, the publishers Of
the series deemed it best that the history
Of The last thirty years should be the work
Of a single hand, and that the task Of con-
tinuation, which was intrusted to Prof.
Andrews, should begin with 1871 instead
of 1883. Prof. Andrews. accordingly,
brought the history down to the autumn
Of 1901, but it has since been continued
to the end of 1904, except in the case of
the conflict in the Far East, as to which
the narrative has been carried into the
year 1905. to the beginning Of tho neg otia-
tions for peace. 1t is just this contemporary
or very recent history which is least ac-
cessible, much of it not having as yet found
record in the best known encyclor aiias.
OF course, however, only an outline Of each
particular topic could be attempted in
Il zl-.... ahNz-~ - AL. ---
the author has been able to allot only about
forty pages to the story Of the Third French
Republic. and even less to an account OF
the Eastern Question. On the other hand,
to the expansion Of Europe in Australasia,
Africa and Asia, which constitutes one OF
the most remark able features Of the last
third Of the nineteenth century. more than
a hundred pages are assigned.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-11
sOME Y BOOKs.
NreMa.,er,. HIstor. Of the United Q

MfeWasbera HtstOrS OF the thttou StsScs.
A o~ecniiar interest attaches to the sixth
volume Of the History Of he People OF the
United Sinfes, by JoHN BACH McMAsTER.
Just publ' shed nv the Appletons. Roughly
speaking. we NAV saw that the psriod COW
er,d n. the hook ia nhe fourth decade Of the
nineteenth century. a period OF great inn
nn7ance in the hist o." OF the repunno, De-
cause lt wit nessed the first test Of the Unions
ability to withstand attempts at disruption
Wo say the first. because the kentucky and
Virginia RoSolui ions OF 1898 and the Hart
ford Convention of 1914 we're threats rather
th~n tests. Nor Ia Jankson's success In
uelnng with 30 It'll Cardinals experiment
IN nullihcaiiOn the only memorable event
in the decade here reviewed. Tho great
debate In the Senate bet ween Webster and
Ha ne. in which the former stood forth as
the defender AID ~expounder Of the Con.
stit ution; the removal OF Government
deposits from the United States Bank
and the pnnics ct 1884 and 1897: the re-
eunptiou Of ACTIVITY by the Aholitionists,
who no longer could be quoted by the
Missouri Compromise; the declaration OF
Independence by TEXAS and T. ler's quarrel
with thu Whig partv. all occurrnd during
the period. A chapter on serial conditions
in the fourth decade Of the last century
rer,rssents an attractive and characteristic
feature oi Mr.. McMaster's work. which en-
titles IL TO he described as a history OF the
people" A popular history Il undoubtedly
il. intended MT merely to he consulted by
the student, but to he read with pleasure
bv the man in the street. Nevertheless.
for those who Themselves possess some
information on the subjects treated. there
are abundant evidences in everv chapter
Of independent and careful research and
OF c~onscienticus verifcation. IL 10 now.
as IL was at the outset. tho aufhor'a aim to
do for the United States whit Mscaulay
hoped 70 do for England. produce a history
that even novel readers could he tempted
TO perIse. We would not he accused OF
n perbolei we certAinl" 10 not mean TO sav
that Mr.. McMastar's St. IL hns all the charm
OF M~acaulav's. bur H. Is fluent. vivacious.
agreeable. and at times impressive.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-11

FhtIon OF u~surpations and abuses, making
passive obedienoe and non-rssistanoe q
greater evil than revolution. then there was
an appeal. tho last Of all. to original rights
and the law Of self representation.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-11

far the publication and circulstion of.ths
Liberdtor. and in Georgia a law was enacted
Offering IS 900 for Garrison's arrest, t-id
and conviction. 4" .
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
WEALTHY MEN OF TO-DAY

1t is admitted that we are the rich
est people in the world to-day-the
richest people the world has ever
seen, says Cleveland Moffatt in Sue
cess. The Wanted wealth of Croesus
is estimated at only $S,000,000, but
there are seventy American estates
that average s35,OOO,OOO each. AS
showing the rapid growth of individ-
ual fortunes in this country there is
interest in list of rich men, printed
in 1855, according to which New York
city at that time boasted only twenty
eight millionaires. And a pamphlet
published some years earlier says that
in 1916 Philadelphia could show only
ten estates valued at 100000 or
more, the richest being that of Ste
phen Girard, which reached 100000.
In contrast to which in 1892 there
were over 200 millionaires in Phila-
delphia.
AS to New York city, the number
of its millionaires, according TO best
information, is over 1000, while the
number of millionaires in the United
States is at least 5000, or half the
total number in the world There is
one family alone, at the head Of which
stands the richest and most powerful
man in the world, John d. Rockefeller,
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
TO PRESERVE THE DEAD

"Auto-preservation" is the name
which Signor Vercelloni, an Italian
doctor, has given to a discovery that
preserves the human body without
the use of ordinary methods of en-
balming.
There is no necessity to touch
the body at all, much less to dissect
it," explains the doctor. THE old
method, which is a very expensive
one, is entirely done away with. No
unctions or wrappings are used.
THE body is simply placed in a
zinc coffin, which is laid inside an
ordinary wooden coffin, and between
the two a patent powder mixture is
sprinkled, which preserves every
feature of the body, and especially
of the face, exactly as it was at death.
Viewed through a glass lid, there is
nothing revolving in it's appearance,
the person appearing as though in
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
GAMBLER GAVE BACK FORTUNE

There is a well authenticated story
of Scrope Davis, a London dandy OF
a hundred years ago, an inyeterate
gambler, but also a man of talent,
gentleman and a wit. One night he
was introduced to young man named
Hastings. who had inherited colos-
sal fortune, much of which he had
already gambled away. They COM
menced to play hazard, Hastings re-
marking at the same time that he
must soon cut out that sort of fun,
as he was about to marry and settle
down.
Scrope was in great luck. Main af-
ter main he won, and as often wished
to cease play, but Hastings, who con-
tinued to pour glass after glass of
champagne down his parched throat,
was pallid with excitement, and in
sisted upon a chance to retrieve his
fortune. The excitement became gen.
eral. Other players left their own Ia
bles to crowd around the duellists.
Time after time Hastings threw crabs,
while Davis followed with the nick.
The rattle of the dice and the cease
less flow of wines went on all night
and far into the next day. Hastings
was mad with excitement Every
pound and every security he possessed
or could think of he pledged and lost.
At last, like the gamester who staked
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
LAZINESS LEADS TO LVWACJ

Young men who inherit fortunes
and devote their time to spending
them fall ready victims to this under.
mining OF the brain. Tragedies of the
kind are constantly occurring. Many
women and girls who belong to the
leisured class are saved from a like
fate by their devotion to dress and
bridge. The Jealous pursuit of those
pastimes requires at least some meas
ure of mental exercise. Perhaps that
is the best that can be said of them.
ut is dangerous for a man who has
led a busy life to abandon brain ex-
ertion. Medical science has prolong-
ed the span of human existence, and
yet retirement is now forced upon
men at a much earlier age than hith-
erto. The only hope for these men
is to cultivate some engrossing
hobby"
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
PerIey's Opinion and Price.

Chief Justice Ira Perley, after his
retirement from the bench, opened an
office in Concord, n. II. He was man
os the strictest integrity, and his in
dignation would be aroused whenever
he scented a fraud. One day a man
called upon him for advice and SET
forth the facts which showed that he
had craftily worked a net around
another, the circumstances OF which
he seemed to delight in. After be had
finished, he asked the Judge what his
opinion was. The judge jumped up,
and, with great emphasis, said:
What is my opinion? My opinion is
that you are an internal scoundrel
Five dollars"
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16

'Iaziness is a great contributory
cause of lunacy," says a British spec
ialist in mental diseases. THE only
way to preserve a healthy mind is to
lead a busy life. But modern condi-
tons, the compulsory retirement from
professional occupations of men who
have reached the age of, say. So, con-
denim them to spend the rest of their
existence in idleness. They become
interpretive and brood. They feel
themselves 'side-tracked' from the
main line of life, and almost uncon-
sciously a state of rebellion Is set up
From lack of mental exertion the
brain loses the nutrition it has been
accustomed to over a long period of
years. Other conditions are set up
which cumulate in mental degenera-
ton.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16

his wife upon q cast of the dice ana
lost, he would have risked the welfare
of the girl to whom he was engaged If
the other would have accepted that
kind of security. But he would not.
Then Hastings hurled dice and box
across the saloon, smashing a splen-
did mirror, and, throwing himself ex-
hausted upon a soft chair, burst into
tears, exclaiming, II can play no
more. | have lost everything in the
world. am a beggar!"
Davis stood still, calm. unmoved,
watching him. Then he said: "Mr.
Hastings, listen to me. | will forego
everything have won tonight on one
condition and that is, that you will
take a solemn oath never to touch
cards or dice again." The ruined
gambler fell on his knees to thank
his benefactor and to take the oath.
The latter Immediately restored every
thing he had won, and oddly enough,
Hastings kept his VOW and lived a
wealthy and prosperous man.
But the medal has sordid reverse.
When in after years Scrope Davis, re-
duced to great poverty, ventured to
ask him for some slight assistance,
the hound wrote him a curt, formal re-
ply, in the third person, regretting
that Mr.. Hastings was unable to offer
Mr. Scrope Davis any assistance.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
QUICK TRIP FOR NAILS

This story was tolG by Mr.. Baker, of
chocolate fame: Some years ago, in
Milton, he had man in his employ
by the name of Tim Reardon. who was
considered a handy man with tools
AS Mr.. Baker was walking through
his yard one day he noticed that the
shingles on the gable end of one OF
his buildings had blown away. Seeing
Tim, he called him, and asked him If
he could replace the shingles.
"Of course | can" said Tim. And
he Immediately erected a temporary
staging to work on, some thirty feet
high.
He got his Ratchet and shingles and
went up on the staging. lie had been
up but short time, however. when
he tripped and fell to the ground.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16

being simply in a peaceful sleep"
Signor Vercelloni is of the opinion
that the discovery will do away with
the religious feeling against crema-
ton, and may be valuable from the
point of view of Identification in GRIM
inal cases, and also in scientific re-
search.
I'm cases of family disputes" said
the doctor, think of the enormous
advantage it would be to be able to
gaze through the crystal lid and see
the body fully preserved. There is
a big case, involving millions of mon
ey, in the law courts now which my
discovery would have decided with
out the dispute being dragged before
the public. Then consider the histor-
ical advantage in having the remains
of eminent personages exposed to the
public veneration." Manchester
(Eng) Chronicle.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
scAooL oF ooLpHINc AT PLAY
One of Pretty Sights In the Gulf o
California.

One of Pretty Sights In the Gulf of
California.
The waters of the gulf OF California
TEEN with other wealth than pearls.
Here are fish of every description.
The tuna is abundant, and the gamy
Spanish mackerel Is everywhere. The
dolphin seems monarch of all the gulf.
In the vicinity of the great island OF
Carmen they are encountered by the
thousand. One school, comprising
many hundreds, were encountered by
the steamer on which the writer was
a passenger short distance from the
beautiful bay of Escondido.
They were a half mile distant when
they observed us going in the opposite
direction. SUDDENLY the leaders, in a
clearly evinced spirit of rollicking sea
dog fun, turned every one of them and
gave chase to the steamer. 1t was
perfectly evident they enjoyed the
performance as much as the specta
tors. For little while the noise was
deafening as II thousand gamins OF
the streets had been turned loose in
a go-as-you-please bathhouse. Then
having proved their ability to catch
up with the steamer, they as suddenly
veered and sped southward.-Sun
set Magazine
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16

and the wealth of this family is esti-
mated at 81 100000, 900, sum so huge
that the human mind quite fails to
grasp it, sum SO huge that if at the
birth of Christ Rockefeller had been
making a dollar minute and had let
all these dollars accumulate day and
night for all these centuries he would
not yet, 1906, have amassed $1,000
1000. And if Rockefeller should
to-day turn his wealth into gold coin
and take it out of the country, say
into Canada, he would carry across
the border three times as much gold
as would then remain in the United
States. Nor would he carry it him
self, for the weight of it would be
1850 tons. And If he loaded 1t on the
backs of porters, each man bearing
his own weight in solid gold (say $50
pounds), il would require $4,000 men
to move it. And If they walked ten
feet apart the line of them would
reach forty-four miles and would oc-
cupy fifteen hours in passing a given
point None of which takes any ac-
count of the daily interest on this for
tune, which interest, if paid in gold,
would require the strength Of seven
men to carry it, for it would weigh
1000 pounds. Such are the riches of
q single family.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16

which, luckily, was soft, and he had
no bones broken. but was stunned.
While he was lying there, some one
informed Mr.. Baker of the accident,
and he went Immediately TO see Tim,
who had just opened his eyes. He
asked Tim If he was hurt, and how he
came to fall. Tim answered.:
Il don't know. Mr.. Baker; tripped
on something up there. But" he adj
ded, ut doesn't. make much differ
ence; sure | had to come down for
some nails, anyhow"
Whereupon Mr.. Baker. trying to
keep a straight face, remarked: "Well,
Tim, like to see a man do a thing
quickly, but the next time you want
rails | prefer that you come down on
the ladder, even IL it takes a little
more time. Boston Herald.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
Caucasus HospitalltY.

In the southern Caucasus a traveller
may still apply for food and shelter in
any house and be sure of welcome
and the best available fare. The host
takes care personally that nothing is
stolen. Yet the same host. when the
guest has left his home, may follow
and rob him after he has gone a few
miles
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1906-02-16
500 Reward. 500.

Tho readers Of this paper viii be pleased TO learn
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has been able care In all its stages, and that Is
Catarrh. Hairs Catarrh Cure Is the only positive
cure now known to the medical fraternity. CatArTh
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tional treatment. Halls CatarTh Cure is taken In
ternally acting directly upon the blood and mucous
surfaces Of the system, thereby destroying the
foundation OF the disease and giving the patient
strength by building up the constitution and assist
ing nature I'm doing its work The proprietOrs have
much faith in its curative powers that they oel
One Hundred Dollars for any case that u falls "
cure. Send for list OF Testimonials
Address 4. j. CHENEY Il CO., Toledo, o.
Sold by all Druggists, i5c.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.