davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16
THANKFUL PEOPLE.
They Are Found in Every Par
of Alma

Many citizens of Alma have good rea-
son to be thankful for burdens lifted
from aching backs. which they bore
patiently for years. Scores tell about
their experience publicly. Here's a case
of it:
Mrs. o. Mack %. Mack, employed in
the Alma Creamery, residence Me
chanic street, says: AT intervals dur
ing two or three years l had slight at
tacks of kidney trouble. There was a
soreness across my back, and when
STOPPING or exerting myself the pain
became very sharp. / had to be very
careful not to catch cold or get wet,
for II | did it went right to my back
and was worse. Doan's Kidney Pills
were brought to my notice and | went
TO Charles Rhodes drug store and got
box. They proved to be the very
remedy for which l was looking. ! no
ticed their good effects in two or three
days, and a little later the backache
disappeared entirely. My husband used
Doan's Kidney Pills with equally as
good results. We both endorse the
remedy. for We know from experience
that ii does all that is claimed for IT."
For sale by all dealers. Price. so
cents. Foster-Milburn Co.. Buffalo. n.
Y, sole agents for the United States
Remember the name-Doan's-an
take no other
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16
CONDITIONS OF GROWING WHEAT


The Michigan crop report issued
FEBRUARY 10, consisted of the following
information Of interest to our readers:
The month of January was one of the
warmest on record, the temperature,
according to the Michigan Weather
Bureau, being nearly nine degrees above
the normal. The departure for the
southern counties was 0.32; central
counties .23; northern counties 0. 7S and
upper peninsula OBS above the average.
Correspondents are about evenly divided
as to the condition of wheat.
In reply to the question, Has wheat
during January suffered injury
from any cause?" 2O6 correspondents in
the southern counties answer yes and
219 "no;" in the central counties 90
answer Eyes" and SO mo" and in the
northern counties "a answer Eyes and
AS mo-. Snow protected wheat in the
southern counties 0.40 of week, in
the central counties 0.60 of a week, in
the northern counties 2.54 weeks and in
the state 0.69 Of a week.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16
BOARD OF supervisors
Procee dinss Of the January Ses
sion 1906.
Monday. Jan. list. 1906.

VI
Adjourned session of the Boara VI
superyisors of Gratiot County, Mich'
held in the Court House in the Nlllaee
OF Ithaca, on said LIST day or january
1906, $40 p. m. a,o,,rr-
ment and was called to order by the
chairman. Supervisor d. l.; Sharrar,
The roll was called, and quorum
Claims from one to fifteen inclusive
were presented and referred TO the com
Ht On motion of supervisor Duff. the
Board adjourned until tomorrow at ~
o'clock a. m. S.,AppAp
c. ]. CHAMBERS, Chairman
Clerk.
Tuesday, Jan End, 1906.
The Board met pursuant TO adjourn
ment and was called to order by the
Chairman. - ,,o,,,,,
Minutes Of yesterdays session was
read, approved and signed in open ses-
The final report of Parker Merrill, as
County Drain Commissioner was pre-
scented and upon motion OF supefNi sol
futile, was accepted and referred 10 the
Committee on Drainage.
A communication from the State AS
ISOLATION of Supervisors, relative 10 the
annual meeting or sald Association was
presented and read. -, .
Iipon motion Of Supervisor Fritz the
Board adjourned until tomorrow at ~
o'clock a. m. eu.1pAp
~ 7 CHAMRERS Chairman
Clerk.
Wednesday, Jan. Sd, 1906.
The Board met pursuant TO adjourn
ment and was called TO order by the
Chairman. - 49,
The roll was called and quorum was
Minutes of yesterdays session read,
approved and signed in open session.
Claims from 16 to A inclusive were
presented and referred TO the commit
tee on Claims. -,
The committee on Claims through its
Chairman, Supervisor Brice reported as
folIowc on the following claims.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16

Harvey Ludium Nov. 20, 'o5. Bethany
and Pine River est Louis,
/ also report that ] have sold ana
handled one hundred forty-three drains
during term OF ONCE, and might also
properly say that is considerably more
than twice as many drains and miles OF
drain than has been handled In the same
length of time heretofore I'm the county.
OF the work on hand in the summer
time, the unfinished work at present
time is as small a per cent. as ever De-
fore.
The foregoing is respectfully sub
PARKER MERRILL.
Drain Commissioner for Gratoit County
Ithaca, Dec. 80, A. ID. 1905.
Supervisor futile moved that the
claim OF John Botron be taken from the
table. The motion prevailed.
Mr. futile moved that the claim be
referred to the Committee ON County
Officers. The motion prevailed.
Supervisor futile presented and read
the following resolution:
Whereas, at the October. 1905, session
OF the Board, a resolution was adopt
Continued ON Page 7.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16
SCHOOL ELECTION AT ITHACA

At meeting of Ithaca School Board
last Monday evening it decided to call
an election Friday, February 16, on the
question of bonding the school district
for $40 900 for the erection of a school
building to take care Of the kindergarten
and the first primary and relieve the
congested condition of several other
lower grades. This amount, it is
thought, will cover the entire expense,
not only of constructing such building
as is needed, but of providing necessary
heat
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16

Constipation although a little Ill. be-
gets big ones II neglected. DR.. Pierceb
Pellets cures constipation.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16
Lucklest Man In Arkansas.

"I'm the luckiest man III Arkansas. 4"
writes ii. l.. STANLEY, Of bruno since
he restoration 90 ~, wife's heal.h after
FIVE years OF continuous coughing and
"o' mus from the lungs; aud / owe my
good fortune 70 the worlds greatest
medicine, DIR. Kings New Discover for
~ousunplIon, winch know frou
xpcr'"nee viii cure consumptio'
II taken i'll time. NV wife impro, ed
with the first bottle and twelve
BOTTLES completed he cure" Cures IN,
worst couge and colds or money refunded
George l.. Sharrar, druggist. soc and
loo, Trial bottle tree.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16
Continued ON Page y.

Just a little Kodol after meals will
relieve that fulness, belching, gas on
stomach, and all other symptoms OF indi.
geston. Kodol digests what you eat, and
enables the stomach and digestive organs
to perform their functions naturally.
Chas. Rhodes.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16


Upon motion the report or the COM
mittee was concurred in.
The claim of Harrington and Barden
for s117.S5 was presented and the com.
mittee on Claims report favoraoly at
s10145 A motion was made to con
cur in the report. Supervisor lutte
would read favorably at footing. Pend
ing the taking of the vote on the amend
ment Supervisor Brice called for the
yeas and nays, and the amendment was
lost by the following vote:
Yeas-Peach, Markham. futile, WIN.
l. Reid and Duff. Total, ..
smith. Henry Read, ,Jessup,, Mgnsop.
Squire, Brice, Churchill, Cords Smith,
Pitt, Stoneman, Clark, Adams; Decker;
p. NJ. Smith,, Fritz Allen Reed and
Absent-E. A. Potter
Supervisor THttle moved that the
claim be laid on the table. The modon
The vote was then taken on the mo
ton TO concur in the report of the com
mittee. The motion preVaiied ana the
claim was allowed at $1O1.45.
On the claim of John Botroff for $3.50,
the committee report unfavorabiy
on motion of supervisor futile the
Claim was laid on the table.
The committee on Claims return the
claim of Frank Peach, for $260.6O. with
out recommendation.
claim be allowed at footing The mo-
ton prevailed and the claim was al
lowed at $26O.6O
Upon motion of Supervisor futile the
Board adjourned until tomorrow at 10
o'clock am. e,,,anp
c. j. CHAMBERS, Chairman.
Thursday, Jan. 4th, 1906
The Board met pursuant to adjourn
ment and was called to order by the
Chairman.
The roll was called full board pres
ent.
Minutes of yesterdays session read,
approved and signed in open session
Claims from 40 TO 6S IN -lusive were
presented and referred to the commit
tee on claims.
The report of Isaac s. Sedver, Judge
of Probate was presented aad read "i"I
upon motion Of Supervisor Dun was
adopted, and ordered spread on the
record.
Ithaca, Mich, Jan. Sd, 1906.
Honorable Board of Supervisors now in
session.
Gentlemen: l beg leave to submit
ted to the Northern Michigan Asylum
from October 10th, 1905, to Jan. LIST.
Oct. II. 19O5-wallace Dake, exam
lined and committed to asylum.
Nov %, 1905-Lafayette Downs, OK
amined and committed to asylum.
Dec. G, 19O5-John Griggs, examined
and committed to asylum.
Dec. IL, 1905-Martha Garfield, ex-
amined and dismissed.
Dec. %, 1905-Julia Skutt, examined
and committed to asylum.
Dec. %, 19O5-Sophronis Weeks. com
mitted to asylum without examination.
Dec. p, 1905-Anna Palmer, commit
ted TO asylum without examination.
Respectfully submitted,
ISAAC 5. SEAVER,
Judge OF Probate.
The committee on Claims, through it's
chairman, Supervisor Brice reported as
40 ri "a
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16

Farmers, mechanics, railroaders, la
borers rely upon DIR. Thomas Electric
Oil Takes the sting out of cuts, burns
or bruises at once. Pain cannot stay
where it is used.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16

Blind, bleeding, itching and protrudino
piles are instantly relieved by ManZan
ms remedy is put up in collapsible tubes
with nozzle attachment, so that the ned;.
cinemay be applied inside directly where
the trouble originates. ManZan relieves
instantly. Sold by Geo. T.. Sharrar.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16

mittee was concurred in. and the claim
"s On the claim of Francis u. West for
$1,000 the committee report iaVorao'y
supervisor Dun moved as an amend
ment that the claim be allowed AT
footing. The amendment ala not pre-
Upon motion the report OF the com,
mittee on claims was concurred IN anu
the claim was allowed OWED =, so;o9S; ompanv
for S215O the committee recommend
that the claim be laid on the table ana
upon motion the Recommendation Oh the
committee was adopted.
on the claim of the Gratiot County
Herald for s74.00, the committee on
claims report favorably az s.l.oo ana
the committee was made and pending
the taking of the vote on said motion,
Supervisor futile moved that the the
claim be laid on the table Inc m9tioh
TO lay on the table did not prevail
The motion TO concur in the report
OF the committee did prevail -.
On the claim or wizard Monioru ton
$1,000 the committee reported favorably
supervisor futile moved as an amend
ment to the report, that the claim pe
not prevail. Upon motion the report or
the committee was concrred in and the
claim was allowed at 5000
The committee on Drains, tnrousn o ros
mended that the final report OF Parker
Merrill as County Drain Commissioners
be adopted and placed on record.
Upon motion the Recommendation was
adopted. -
TO the Board of Supervisors OF the
county of Gratoit, state OF Michigan.
Gentlemen:-I have the honor TO SUP
nit my final report, as County Dram
Commissioner of said county OF era
toit, covering the period from the FIRST
day of October, A. ID. 1905. to the first
day of January, A. ID. 1906.
The following is a financial statement
of Drains reported done at my last re-
port, but. upon which orders have since
been issued
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16
Grand Trunk R'y System.
No. IL

: All trains except sunday.
@. 6. ROBINSON, Agent.
Owosso, Mich.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16

m4,.ee was concyrred i'm.
The claim of Bobbs Merrill Co. for
$500, for four volumes of Elliott on
Evidence was presented and the com
mittee on claims reported unfavorably.
Supervisor futile moved as an amend
ment to said report, that the books be
purchased for the County and that the
claim be allowed at footing.
Supervisor John l.. Smith called for
the yeas and nays and the amendment
was lost by the following vote:
Yeas-Markham, futile, Potter, VIM.
L. Reid Fritz and Allen Reed. Total, 6.
Nays-Sharrar, Peach, Palmeter,
John l.. Smith, Jessup. Munson, Squire.
Brice, Churchill, Cords Smith, Pitt,
Stoneman, Clark, Adams, Decker, Duff.
and Richardson Total, II.
Absent from ROOM Il. NJ. Smith and
Henry Read.
Upon motion the report of the COM
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1906-02-16

since the last report:
Bremen and Center Line Drain.
County Line Drain.
The following Drains which were re-
ported surveyed at my last report, still
remain unsold:
Davidson and Little Salt Drains.
Applications for drains which have
been received since Oct. LIST, 1905:
Name of Date of Townships
first signer. fling interested.
Mrs. Anna Ash Nov. %, o.. Fulton
Lewis Andrus. Nov. 4, '05 =. Bethany
and Emerson
Henry Daymon Dec. II. 'O5. ....A Arcadia
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21

ings and arouse the public Of the en-
tire country to GUST the rogues from
the national legislature ~ ~ S.ss5
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21
It's Up to You, Now.


My fall and winter stock of
high grade woolens is now
ready for your inspection.
My $15, 500 and $25 materials
for suit or overcoat made to or
der are better than ever, and
more superior than the high
priced tailors up the street who
ask $50, $35 and $40, and my
specials at $50 and $35 equal:
the best $50 and $50 kind. l
positively guarantee. that you
can't get their equal in a ready
made store at any price.
All my patterns are exclusive
designs and you can't duplicate
them. The clothes I make are
cut, designed and made by the
best cutters, designers and tail
ors that money can hire.
My famous guarantee Of sat-
isfaction or no pay goes with
every order and that should
prove to you that I am on the
square.
Yours truly,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21
HARRY MITCHELL
Store $40 nicoIIet Av.

OUT-OF-TOWN MEN-Old custom
ers and others who want to dress
well, should write to me for samples
and self-measurement blank. I can fit
you and satisfy no matter where you
live. I absolutely assure you of per-.
feet satisfaction or refund your
money. I prepay all express charges
so that the clothes won't cost you
cent more than the city folks pay.
Write me today and tell me just
what kind Of suit or overcoat you
wish to have made and will mail
samples to you free Of charge with
measurement blanks and post you
how to measure. Address your letter
to Harry Mitchell, 80 Nicollet Ave.,
Minneapolis.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21
WOMAN Is N0MIN TED
TO RUN FOR CONGRESS-

Fort Worth, Tex, Sept. 21.-Laura
B. Payne Of Fort Worth, in accepting
yesterday the nomination on the social
ist ticket for congress in this district,
ownership Of railroads, and goes q step
farther than Bryan, in advocating gov
eminent ownership Of all packing
houses. etU4 &ss
Miss Payne is the first woman to run
for congress in Texas. and says she
will push her campaign vigorously.
When asked what she would do if
elected, she replied: "The first thing
! would do would be to accuse the
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21
KILLED SNAKE ON SUNDAY;
FARMER Is FINED $40
Journal Special Service.

Journal Special Service
Danbury, Conn.,, Sept 21.-Connec-
tlcut blue laws mako it a crime to
also make itsa crime to sell or to buy
the recognized .antidote for snakebite
Walking oyer his farm, on the outskirts
OF this city, last Sunday, in search Of
a COW, Peter. Zarcone, Is years DID,
took his shotgun with him for protec-
ton against snakes. Attacked by an
adder while he was passing thru a
swamp, Zarcone shot and killed the
reptile. The report of his gun reached
game wardens to watch for poachers,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21
PLAGUE OF FLEAs
Rockford, I'll. Homes Closed as Pssts
Grow IN Numbers. s.

Journal Special Service.
Rockford, H., Sept. 21.-Portions of
the residence section Of this. city are
suffering from aplague Of feas to such
an extent that citizens are closing their
homes. The pests first appeared on
College avenue, one Of the principal
residence streets, where two Of the
lhouseholders, failing to dislodge the
invaders, have retired, leaving the
feas in possession. Others expect they
will be obliged to close their homes,
as the feas seem to fatten on every
thing spread out for their destruction.
The pest is believed to be Of the same
variety that has descended upon Mil
Waukee.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21


Sept ber 4 900.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21
It $2.5O- 5 z: sss.

made with 7 row of tucks down
front; long sleeves with tucked
cuffs; buttons in back; in black,
cream, blue, reseda, rose; pretty
waist for fell and winter wear.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21
BURGLARS LOOT The
MINI. OF BAVARIA

Munich, Sept. 81 The Royal Bava-
rian mint was robbed yesterday ewes
ming of sum equal to $23,500 in newly
coined 10-mark pieces. The thieves got
into the mint by creeping thru dry
underground canal which had. been
opened for cleaning. !.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21

5 D M NJ Z JJfsfill
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21
VIM. REMER MURDERED
Former st. Cloud Man Is Dead Near
Grand Rapids.

Special to The Journal.
st. Cloud, Mimi, Sept. 2l.-A mes
liam Remer, formerly Of this city, was
murdered yesterday. north of Grand
Rapids. The authorities at Grand Rap
ids are Investigating. }as!s s
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21

/. Among the principal opponents of England
in Egypt are those educated Arabs who, hav-
ing learned the French language. but not the
English, are now unable to obtain government
positions. ~
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21

Sir Charles Dixie who in former years was
such a notable figure in the public life of
Great Britain Is often asked to contribute
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-09-21

and they caused the young farmer d ar
rest. When Zarcone was arraigned be-
fore Judge Howard III. Scott he was
fined $40 and costs.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1906-05-28
How Women Who Buy
Can Help Women
Who Work
By Mrs. r1AuD NATHAN of New York, Prominent wOmnn's Club Leader

- HERE is one reason why working women need today a
shorter working day. The roar and buzz OF machinery Is
deafening AND NERVE RACKING.. The air is often
foul and filled with particles of lint or wool, and because
of the lack of skill or taste or intelligence required the
wage is low. If the woman works not in a large factory, but in a tene-
ment howell known a a sweatshop, then to offset the evils described
she has the fatigue of bending over a foot power machine, she has
longer hours, little light or ventilation, shorter seasons of work AND
LOWER WAGES.
Now, in what way can the women who spend alleviate the condl-
tons surrounding the women who work?
Let me merely point out the fact that since there is never a supply
of anything UNTIL THE DEMAND OF THE PURCHASERS
BE FELT, and since women are largely the purchasers of the house
hold, if all the women who spend would demand that their garments,
their household furnishings and their food supplies be made under
wholesome onditions-whoesome to the producer as well as to the
consumer-and if they make that demand SUFFICIENTLY
STRONG and with united pressure then merchants would insist upon
manufacturers complying with this demand of their customers, and
manufacturers would be FORCED TO COMPLY in order to find
a market for their wares.
We consumers have had some moral education. We do not buy
stolen goods, but we have not pursued our course OF instruction suth-
GENTLY far to enable us to refrain from buying goods the profits of
which have been STOLEN FROM THE WAGES OR OVER
TIME WORK of helpless working girls. We would not buy gar
ments bearing a tag, tenement made" such as those tagged by the
health department, when infectious disease is 4 found in tenement rooms
where such garments are made up. But we neglect to insist that there
be some label guaranteeing that the garments have been made under
sanitary and UPLIFTING CONDITIONS.
When we neglect to pay our bills promptly, especially when deal
ing with small tradesmen, we ought to realize that perhaps through
our neglect wages of employees CANNOT BE PAID and other
debts cannot be met.
If THE WOMEN WHO SPEND WILL BUT TAKE RusKNs ADVICE
TO HEART AND IN ALL THEIR BUYING CONSIDER FIRST WHAT CON-
DITioN OF EXISTENCE THEY CAUSE IN THE PRODUCERS OF WHAT
THEY BUY, THERE WOULD BE MORE OF THE PERFUME OF FRA
GRANT ROSES AND FEWER 6RiERs IN THE WALLED IN GARDENS
WHERE TOLL THE WOMEN WHO WORK.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1906-05-28
THE ODDS AGAINST CLOSE.

No more ~disgraceful act has taken
place in the state in recent years than
the republican rings defiance of
courts and justice in assisting C. Asa
Francis to remain sheriff of Mon
mouth county in the face of all
kinds of frauds and corruption. 1t
is only a sample of what the people
of New Jersey must put up with I'M
der the present system of bossism
and it is just this system that
Colby, Record and Fordyce are go
ing to break up.
In speaking of the sheriff fight in
Monmouth, the Camden Post-Tele-
gram says:
In this county (Camden) the
democratic contestant for the sher-
ms office wisely saved money for
himself and friends by abandoning
the contest when the count was two
thirds over. Close went farther, at
greater expense, with no better re-
suit. From these St may be learn
ed the lesson that contests are costly
and the odds strongly on the side of
the man who gets possession of the
office at the start"
Theme is no doubt about 1t being a
hopelesSs task when a political ma
chine Sazch as now rules thiA state,
refuses fafE play.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1906-05-28
LETTERS.

Letters at the Perth Amboy post
Office to be advertised for the week
end May &c, '06:
VIM. Anderson, johanna Abropta,
Wledystan Beiranowsky, Mrs. Tessie
Collins, Roy Carney, o. c. Cole, Mi
chael Clark, Powell Cybulski, Luigi
Colombo, Mrs. Connors, Andrew F.
Christen, John Dudas, Mrs. Chas.
Davis, Mrs. Mary Giernbeki, j.
Hughes, Chas. Heibbitt, Koesis Eni,
Jocra Korracsen, Frank Kross, Taxa
La Sale, Miss Hickey Laye, Eng
ward Lund, Joe Mras, Rosario Pull
Inns, Jan P%avolavesik, r. Rapport,
Sarundy Ambrus, Francesca STA, Mrs.
A. e. Sheppard, S. J. Tafil, Harry
Watson, Jr., A. Wickstrom, Capt. A..
C. Thurston, Capt. Myers B. Austin.
Capt. Ira e. Nixon, Mrs. Brennan,
Andrew Byrne, Bekecs Sander, An
toin Bugnacky, Gallo Andras, And
ras Gondera, A. c. Haffner, H. Art
mon, Jan Kotlasr, Ludwika Patyku-
Perth Amboy evening news., 1906-05-28
EDITORIAL COMMENT.
Trenton Times:

Trenton Times:
In New Jersey within the past
twelve months there have been more
than a score of murders and other
aggravated crimes, and the criminals
have escaped arrest because of the
lack of a proper detective system.
Middlesex county alone has had six
murders, it is said, and in but one
ease has the murderer been arrested.
Most of these crimes are committed
in the smaller counties, in which the
prosecutor is given no detective, and
the people must depend upon volun-
teer service or accident. Enough
money is wasted, ten times over,
every year to organize and maintain
a system that will greatly improve
conditions. The Newark Advertiser
suggests a plan that would be mex
pensive and simple. 1t is to enroll,
under a competent stat su%perintend-
ent. trained men in the police depart
ments and private detective agencies,
who could be detailed for service
when needed and paid only for actual
work performed. There is no need
of a large salaried force to be added
to the already small army of sinecur-
lists.