The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1906-04-13
Modern Dairying.
BY m. y. Patterson. of the Mary land
Agricultural Experiment. Station

Modern dAiryiug may De summarized in
better COWS, better cared for. better and more
cheapiy fed, producing better milk # less cost.
This will result in the greater fertility OF the
farm and in better farm buildings and evidences
Of prosperity on every hand.
There are about $50, 600 cows kept in Mary
land with the very low average yield OF aboai
1000 pounds Of milk per year, that is less than
$50 gallons per year. which, At average prices,
is only about 5000 gross returns per COW.
Experiments have demonstrated that many Of
these COWS, if properly fed and cared Tor,
would produce from two 10 three times as much
as they are nov producing aud place them in
the profitable class. Now, when say proper
" fed and cared for. l do not mean anything
which is extraordinary or beyond the reach OF
every dairymsn IN this State. Thus, the irsi
important thing for the dairyman Is to give his
cows proper care and attention aud learn
definitely which COWS are the profitable aud
which not and then dispose Of the boarders or
Improbable COWS, and know that Sll Sili be
surprised at the number which yield no profit.
Fully one fourth Of the eows in the State do
not give enough milk to pay for their feed and
these should go to the butcher.
The FIRST thing that eonfronis the dairymAn
who is feeding cows properly, that is giving
them the proper amount Of heterogeneous feed
so as to furnish what is required for making
milk and keeping up the requirements Of her
body. is bow TO get this heterogeneous food or
protein. For many years this was not a seri.
Gus question. as this class Of feeds were ex-
eeedingly cheap, but zach year the cost OF
feeds has been on the increase. and during
the past 10 years has, in most cases, more
than doubled, while the price of milk has in
creased but little.
Now, 70 me those food requirements, al
wise all TO aim 10 grow their oSn protein.
This is perfectly possible and is being done,
and feel sure that Maryland dairymen are
are fortunately situated in this respect a. they
can grow and have available great variety
of this crops Maryland farmers can grow
red clover, Alsyke clover, crimson clover,
winter veich. COW peas aud alfalfa for so,ling
aud hay purposes, and for silage, they can
grow COW peas and eoru in combination, and
this sort Of slage with alfalfa hay and With
the corn from their own farm give the cows
practically nearly q balanced ration. This
system will enable the production Of more
milk and al minimum cost and do much for
the improvement of the fertility Of the farm
and lessen the fertilizer bills.
Next see that your cows have comfortable,
warm and clean stables. A good stable is one
that is free from dust, dirt and odors. A well
cared for stable should be almost as free from
objectionable odors as your meadow pastures
on June morning, and men should be able
to stay in the barns for an indefinite time With
their dress up clothes on and not absorb any
Objectionable Odors. Stables Of this sort need
not be expensive, in fact, they may be less
expensive than many of those 10 use, and il
is only necessary TO adopt such precautions
for ventilation, cleaning, and so forth. that
can be provided and carried out By every
farmer here, with his own hands A clean
stable, with good odorless atmosphere, is the
first requisite in producing a high class milk
with good keeping qualities. The next step
is TO cool the milk down below 50o as soon as
possible, and after once cold, keep il at that
low temperature, and milk treated in this
manner will surprise everyone at the length Of
time it will keep sweet.
Now, in cooling milk, remove it at once
from the stable and cool ii by passing it in
thin layers over some one of the many devices
for this purpose. Milk can be cooled in this
way with much less expense than any other,
and will be cooled quicker and tc lower
temperature than by any other means. The
quicker milk is cooled the longer it will keep
good. Ii requires infinitely less time and less
than one-hRlf the ice to cool milk to a low
temperature by passing it over a cooler in
thin sheets that it does to cool it 20 the same
temperature in cans submerged in ice watts
without any agitation.
In this section of the State that abounds in
cold springs, as well as good supplies of ice,
the expense of properly cooling should be
very small and the returns relatively great.
In shipping milk see that the cans are
thoroughly clean and without odor. Then
cool them thoroughly before putting the milk
into them. Take precautions to prevent the
milk heating up in transit to the depots and
am sure that, if these few simple things are
followed, your milk will reach your market in
good condition and satisfy the consumer and
increase the demand for your products and
also increase your profits. To summarize
LIST. See that you have profitable cows.
End. Give them regular, gentle and good
care.
ard. Feed your cows good milk producing
feed.
4th. Feed your cows on a home grown pro-
tein ration.
9th. Have your stables comfortable, warm,
well ventilated and without any Objectionable
odor.
9th. Have your stable free from dust and
dirt.
7th. Remove your milk from the stable at
once.
9Th. Cool your milk as soon as possible. by
passing it over a cold surface in thin layers.
9th. Keep the milk at low temperature
10th. See that all pals, cans, etc., used
about the milk, are thoroughly cleaned and
without odors.