davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

OF the wall VIII be free from the plas-
ter with which the upper part was
covered 200 years ago
The character Of the masonry
would then decide at once whether this
wall Is part Of Constantine's church or
whether 1t is, as we suggest. only "A
masking wall some nine inches in
thickness Immediately in front of the
more anCient wall behind II. II the
masonry proves to be only Of the ninth
century it will be an easy matter to
pierce this wall at some point below
the present level Of the chapel and If
it IS tten found that there really Is an
open space behind, the lost entrance 10
the sepulchral vault in which st. Peter
lies VIII have been discovered and II
will only be necessary to enlarge the
opening sufficiently to permit OF pill
grims once more descending the stair
way Bnd visiting the tomb which no
eye has seen for more than 1000 years
If, on the other hand, 30 such dis
coyery be made, and It be found that
the hollow sound Is due to other
CAUSES and that there never has been
a doorway On this spot, then nothing
would be easier than 10 fiji up the
excavations and relay the floor and no
trace viii remain that any such in
vestigations have been carried out.
St Peters church at Rome IS the
largest place OF worship In the world.
The first church which existed on or
near the site Of the present St Peters,
was an oratory founded in 80 A. y.
The ci2tory was founded by Anacle-
tus. bishop % Rome, said 10 have been
ordained BY St Peter himself Ana
cetus built, We are told. In memory
If the many Christian martyrs who fell
In the circus OF the infamous Nero,
and that here after crucifi1ion Peter
was buried. At the request Of Pope
Peter sylvester, Constantine the Great
bsgaa on this spot the erection OF q
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30
NEGLlGEE WEAR E".' %aY3iMER DAYS

neck, and the choice should of course
ones complexion.
II waist and petticoat Of thin white
goods Is selected, we would suggest a
dotted Swiss or figured material of
some sort as preferable to the plain
stuffs-looks less as though one had
forgotten to put on ones outer clothes,
Dotted Swiss makes up very nicely in
deed and requires almost no trimming.
The petticoat may have three untrim-
med ruiIles, the sack have a rufiie at
the bottom, the collar alone be laco
edged OF course the neeligee IS made
with low neck and short sleeves n
this day when even on the street ara
worn blouses without collar or stock II
would seem strange 10 make the neg,
ligee with high neck
Slippers and hose should not be in
congruous with the lingerie negligee,
both be the daintiest the wearer pos
sesses Gray is a cool looking color
and this summer we are given oppor.
tunity to buy beautiful lacey gray
hosiery.
When the summer bargain sales be-
gin it would be well for the woman
who desires to add to her negligee out
fit to search the counters for summer
eft-overs, ODDS and ends Of summer
stuffs, embroideriss and laces. Dainty
Swiss embroidery gives tone 10 the
negligee which a more showy trimming
will not, and along in the summer fine
embroideries are sold for about half
what they brought early in the season
Flowered stuffs now being so much
the rage negligee costume Of flower
bestrewn lawn or dimity would have
a decided fashiOnableness Soft silks
the wash silks-are ever good for
the lOunging costume, and they, too,
are cheap late In the season. Dotted
footing trims very prettily. Is much
better than an imitation lace. And
ruffies 0f self mater ial are fluffy and
suitable If the material Is exceptional
~ pretty, perhaps they furnish the
prettiest sort OF ornamentation Of neg
ligee petticoat and sack.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

We were promised nothing but be-
lero and coatee and fichu and Eton in
the way of summer coat, and now here
we are with the long loose coat the
height of fashion.
A long loose wash coat at first
thought strikes one as rather slimp-
sy affair, apt to get forlorn very soon,
but the wash coat of the day is no
such failure. 1t is made of white linen
and linen in lovely pastel shades; of
white pongee; of a very fine white
serge; and of white broadcloth. The
cut Is the circular, a seam down the
middle of the back and then a generous
sweep of material which makes the
looseness and yet gives certain smart
fit that is very desirable. The coats as
a rule are of three-quarter length long,
the sleeves quarters and ample
enough not to muss the dress Most
of the coats have contrasting collars.
Neck ruffs of pale colored point
desprit, just long enough TO come a
little below the neck are In fashion
Fichus Of much fineness are more Of
a novelty, but the shawl arrangements
are not becoming to all, just the wom-
an with the right kind of shoulders
should go in for shawls and berthas,
and such dropping "drapery."
If a vote were to be taken, in all
probability the corselet skirt would be
condemned as awkward and vet if the
corselet skirt have a bodice Of the
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

same color it may be a costume to cal
forth general admiration
Over in Paris they are getting weary
of the lingerie blouse and its over elabr
Grafton and are going in for exquisite
materials untrimmed. Fine shirred
mulls and silks, the narroweSt or
hand-run tucks, make an elegant sim
plicity that is refreshing after all the
machine made finery to which we have
been subjected
If you would be really smart this
summer wear with your white costume
considerable black; an al-black hat
and one of the long black lace wells,
black shoes and gloves.
The small hat and the lingerie are
most noticeable among the season S
headgear, although the small hat ever
has feathers or wings or quills to give
it wide circumference-and make it
necessary that 1t have plenty of room,
as noticed recently in a crowded car
when very stout man was complete
" routed by a bunch of feathers stand
ing out pertly from the otherwise mod
est little hat worn by an otherwise
modest little woman. The lingerie hat
Is not small, IS considerable larger
than last year AS a rule 1t is trimmed
only with folds and a large bow Of
ribbon in some delicate shade. 1t Is
meant to be the extreme Of daintinesS,
and though its embroidery may cost
a pretty penny its trimming must look
simDla
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

this manner the operation may be con-
Quoted with safety even by one VINO
is not accustomed to handling chloro-
form. In warm weather the vessel OF
warm water may, of course, be omit
ted. Benzoic acid, if present In con-
siderable amount, will now appear IN
the dish in characteristic fiat crys-
tails. On warming the dish the un-
mistakable irritating odor OF benzolc
acid may be obtained. This method
will detect ,benzoic acid in tomato
catsup or other articles in which 1t Is
used in large quantities
DETECTION OF BORIC ACID AND
BORAX.
Boric acid (also called boracic acid)
and its compound with sodium (borax)
are often used to preserve animal
products, such as sausage, butter and
of boric acid and borax, solids should
be macerated with small amount Of
water and strained through a white
cotton cloth. The liquid obtained by
treating solids in this manner Is clari-
fed somewhat by thoroughly chilling
and filtering through filter paper.
In testing butter place heaping
teaspoonful of the sample in a teacup
add couple of teaspoonfuls OF hot
water, and stand the cup in a vessel
containing little hot water until the
butter is thoroughly melted. Mix the
contents of the cup we'll by stirring
with a teaspoon and set the cup with
the spoon in it in cold place until
the butter is solid. The spoon with
the butter (Which adheres to IT. is
now removed from the cup and the
turbid liquid remaining strained
through white cotton cloth, or bet
ter, through filter paper. The liquid
will not all pass through the cloth or
filter paper, but sufficient amount for
the test may be secured readily.
In testing milk for boric acid two or
three tablespoonfuls of milk are placed
in bottle with twice that amount Of
solution of teaspoonful of alum In
a pint of water shaken vigorously,
and filtered through filter paper. Here
again a clear or only slightly turbid
liquid passes through the paper.
About a teaspoonful of the liquid
obtained by any one Of the methods
mentioned above is placed in any dish,
not metal, and five drops OF hydro
chloric (muriatic) acid added. strip
of turmeric paper is now dipped into
the liquid and then held in warm
place-near a stove or lamp-till dry.
If boric acid or borax was present
in the sample the turmeric paper be-
drop of household ammonia changes
the red color to dark green or green
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

tine the only remains left is the crypt
The basiica was much defaced during
the long residence of the popes at
Avinson US09 1870, but it was about
1850 that Pope Nicholas V. planned its
destruction and rebuilding to suit
the taste of the times The plan was
not carried out by Nicholas, but prog
resscd under Pope julius H., who un-
dertooh the work with much vigor.
julius called To his aid Bramante. the
famous architect, judged greatest mas
ter of Roman style growing up about
the antique ruins. Bramante made
an entirely new design for the church
considered by Michel Angelo and crit
les universally the best OF the many
designs offered for St Peters Bra
nantes design was a Greek cross with
dome and two spires. But Bramants
died few years after the first stone
was laid l506), and his successor
changed the plan to a Latin cross.
And then we come to the time OF MI
chelangeo.
On the LIST Of January, l5i7 Michel
angelo became architect of St Peters.
and labored. without compensation, at
this great work until his death He
was u years old when the control of
st. Peters came into his hands, he
was Given II years more of life in
which to put his visions into form
Michelangelo returned to the Greek
cross, Bramante's design. and in the
main followed the lines of his work
The church was not completed for
many years, and the various architects
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

basiiica some OF the Labor done by his
own hands.
The basilica was the common type
of thc early Christian churches, and
until the sixth century ruled every
whera OF the old basilica Of Constan-
with their various views made changes
that resulted In loss. The architect ap-
pointed in 1905 returned to the idea OF
the latin cross, and made many un-
fortunate changes
Urban VIII dedicated ST Peters in
1926 Alexander VII. added the colon
made in 1861, Plus V. In 1880 added the
sacu5ty A G. Hare In Walks in
Rome tells us the building of the
present ST. Peters extended altogether
over l7G years. that the expense Of
the main building has been estimated
at sjo0OO,o 900. Because OF the archi-
lecture as presented when completed.
heavy pseudo Roman, all the men,
bers of such huge size, the natural et-
feet o. magnitude Is lost. The great
pile IS crowned with affairs, shrineS.
fonts, statues, and other works-ol art.
Parts cf the walls and vaults are COW
cred with mOsaics, there are many
papal and princely tombs rich in stat
uary The spacious crypts, part of
which date back to the time Of Con-
stantine, contain interesting memo-
rials
When Nicholas y demolished The
church built by Constantine, the tomb
Of St. Peter was not disturbed. Then
when york on a new church was really
begun no attempt was made 10 touch
the tomb, but the pavement OF the
crypt collapsed IN the time OF Popa
Clement VIII; and the eyes Of this
pope were tn last to rest on the burial
place Of the first bishop Of Rome.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

We all hear a great deal about the
poisons with which our daily food is
adulterated. Simple methods for the
detection of some forms of food adul-
teration are presented by two govern
ment officials belonging to the bureau
of chemistry, United States depart
ment of agriculture: w. d. Bigelow
chief division of foods; Burton J. How.
ard, chief microchemical laboratory.
Many manufacturers and dealers in
foods have the ordinary senses 80
highly developed that by their aid
alone they can form an intelligent
opinion Of the nature of product, or
of the character, and sometimes even
of the proportion, of adulterants pres
ent. This is especially true of such
articles as coffee, wine. salad oils,
f1avoring extracts. butter and milk.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

Writers as a rule represent Peter as
having labored long in the Eternal
City, and there suffered martyrdom
Roman Catholics look upon Peter as
the first bishop of Rome and the first
pope. All Rome is now excited by
the rumor that Pope Plus has given
consent to search for the tomb of
is supposed TO be concealed in the
vaults under the altar of the original
basilica of St Peters church. built by
Emperor Constantine 306 A. ID.
few years ago DR.. A s. Barnes,
OF Oxford university, was granted per-
mission to descend to the memorial
chapel under the altar of the baslica
and supposedly over the tomb Dr.
Barnes by sounding located Il vault
which he judged to be about Is feet
deep. His search for door was uu-
successful, Regarding the question of
the entrance to the tomb, the inyesti-
gator said: 1T is impossible to find
anything more accurately until either
the rOrth wall of the chapel is taken
down. or, at least, excavations are
made in the floor, SO as to permit of
this being examined below the present
floor level, where presumably 1t Is not
covered over and hidden from view by
plaster as 1t is above. The level OF the
chape. at present Is much higher than
it was of old. and an excavation could
easily be made without disturbing any
ornamental feature.
The ancient pavement probably is
intact underneath, and the lower part
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

silk, q good quality, with the softest Of
color harmonies-pale violets and
green's consorting most amiCably. and
lust dash of black, a touch Of white,
10 give character The garment was a
short kimona negligee, and the facing
at neck and sleeves band Of lightish
green crepe de chine. To hold the
crepe out was used an interlning OF
coarse India linen, which interlining
gave no stiffness but rather a padded
look to the facing.
Another rarely pretty China silk
sack had for predominating colors pale
blue and yellow and light green, was
faced with pale blue crepe. Much Of
the becomingness Of such an article Of
1ress depends on the facing against the
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30


ish black. If too much hydrochloric
acid is used the turmeric paper may
take on brownish red color even in
the absence of boric acid. In this
case, however ammonia changes the
color to brown just as it does turmeric
paper which has not been dipped into
the acid solution.
DETECTION OF EORMALDEHYDE
Formaldehyde is the substance most
commonly used for preserving milk
and is rarely, if ever added to any
other food. Its use is inexoi.sable and
especially Objectionable in milk served
to infants and inyalids
To detect formaldehyde in milk
three or four tablespoonfuls of the
sample are placed in a teacup with at
least an equal amount of strong hydro
chloric acid and piece Of ferric alum
about as large as pinhead, the
LIQUIDS being mixed by a gentle rotary
motion. The cup is then placed In
vessel OF boiling water, no further
heat being applied, and left for five
minutes At the end Of this time. if
formaldehyde be present, the mixture
will be distinctly purple. II too much
heat is applied, muddy appearance Is
inparted to the contents of the cup
Caution Great care must be exercised
IN working with hydrochloric acid. as it
is strongly corrosive. 1t must not come
in contact with tho flesh or clothes OF the
operator nor with any metallic vessels
and must be greatly diluted with water
before It Is poured into the sink
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

The housewife finds herself constant
ly submitting her purchases to this
test. Her broad experience develops
her senses of taste and smell to a
high degree, and her discrimination is
often sharper and more accurate than
she herself realizes. The manufac
turer who has developed his natural
senses most highly appreciates best
the assistance or collaboration of the
chemist, who can often come to his
relief when his own powers do not
avail. So the housewife, by a few
simple chemical tests, can broaden her
field of vision and detect many i'm
purities that are not evident to the
senses.
DETECTION OF SALICYLIC ACID.
The determination Of salicylic acid
can best be made with liquids. Solid
and semi-solid foods, such as jelly,
should be dissolved when soluble, in
sufficient water to make them thnly
liquid. Foods containing insolube
matter, such as ja'n, marmalade and
sausage, may be macerated with wa
white cotton cloth. The maceration
may be performed by rubbing in a
teacup or other convenient vessel with
heavy spoon.
Salicylic acid is used for preserving
fruit products of all kinds. including
beverages. 1t is frequently sold by
drug stores as fruit acid Preserving
powders consisting entirely of sali
cylic acid are often carried from house
to house by agents. 1t may be detect
ed as follows:
Between two and three ounces of
the liquid obtained from the fruit
products, as described above, are
placed in narrow bottle holding five
ounces, about quarter of teaspoon
full Of cream of tartar (or, better,
few drops of sulphur!c acid) is added
the mixture shaken for two or three
minutes, and filtered into a second
small bottle. Three or four table
spoonfuls of chloroform are added to
the clear liquid in the second bottle
and the liquids mixed by a somewhat
vigorous rotary notion poured into
an ordinary glass tumbler and allowed
to stand till the chloroform settles out
in the bottom. Shaking is avoided. as
it causes an emulsion which is difficult
70 break up. AS much as possible OF
the chlorOform layer (Which now con.
tains the salicylic acid) is removed
!twithout any admixture of the aque
Gus liquidl by means of a medicine
dropper and placed in a test tube or
small bottle with about an equal
amount Of water and a small fragment
"a little larger than a pinhead-of
Iron alum. The mixture is thoroughly
shaken and allowed to stand till the
Chloroform again settles to the bot
tom. The presence Of salicylic acid
is then indicated by the purple color
OF the upper layer of liquid.
DETECTION OF BENZOIC ACID.
Benzoic acid also Is used for pre-
serving fruit products. Extract tie
sample with chloroform as in the case
of salicylic acid; remove the chloro
form layer and place 1t in a White
saucer, or, better, in plain glass
dish Set basin of water-as warm
as the hand can bear-on tie outside
window ledge and place the dish con.
tainit.s the chloroform extract in II,
closing the window until the chloro-
form has completely eyaporated. In
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30

The lingerie sack and lingerie petit
coat are very pretty and cool and fresh
looking, but really should be confined
to my lady's bedroom. The silk dress
ing sack looks less deshabille, and is a
very cool garment We recently saw a
charming one, charming as to colors
and pattern. 1t was made of Japanese
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30
Pressure of Gale.

A gale blowing 80 miles an hour
exerts a pressure OF nearly 32 POUNDS
TO he square foot.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1906-06-30
SIMPLE TESTS FOR CERTAIN FORMS
OF FOOD ADULTfRATION.

he Moy Determine tbe Purity Various Articles
ip Common Use-curefuly Observe Precoutiops Givep.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1906-09-13
COUNTY COURT ORDER.
WEST VIRGINIA.

At County Court continued and
h,ld for the County OF Mercer at the
Court House thereof on Saturday.
the 2Sth day OF July. 1906.
In the matter OF establishing
new voting precinct In East River
District:
IL is ordered that there be and Is
hereby established a voting place Mt
the public school house at Ingleside.
whose precinct lines are as follows.
to-wit Beginning at the line between
Virginia and West Virginia and on
the line between Oakvale precinct
and Princeton precinct and with said
precinct line In a northerly direction
20 Will Whites, so as TO leave said
VIII Whites To Oakvale precinct.
thence with the road leading TO the
Hartman branch road and from thu
tiarman branch road with said roar
TO the corner trees at the mouth q
Stinson's lane. and thence with IN.
road leading from said corner tree,
westerly TO the district line between
East River and Beaver Pond nea
H. NJ. Oney's, SO as TO leave said f.
NJ. Oney to Princeton precinct. theme,
with said district line southerly 10 In,
Ingleside turnpike. and on with sam.
to the district line near John Q
Spangler's and with said district Zinc
To the said state line and with mid
AZ limo 4 nfha
IL IS further ordered that the mum.
Der OF said precinct shall be No
IL is further ordered that all electors
at ensuing elections within the said
boundary shall vote at said place
herein designated. II IL further or
dered that the clerk do cuase -four
copies OF this arder to be made and
| delivered TO the Sheriff and said
Sheriff Is hereby directed TO post a
copy OF said order at four public
places I'm said precinct. The Clerk
shall also post a copy hereof at the
front door OF the court house. He
shall also furnish a copy hereof to
the Princeton Starr journal, re9
publican paper published in this
county, and also to the Daily Leader
a democratic paper published I'm this
county, who are directed TO publish
the same I'm their columns for one
month and present their bills there.
OF to this court.
a Copy. Teste:
ESTILL BAILEY, Clerk b
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1906-09-13
IIIIIlllslIlNlinnunnllM.nnmr nnrnnl,,,nlr,..,n
BAILEY MUM
AS TO BRYAN
Will MAKE No COMMENT ON
CoNiNioNER'S SPEECH.

Washington Sept 12. Before
leaving Washington to-day senator
Bailey. of Texas, stated emphatically
that he would have no statement
TO make a connection with the recent
speech OF William j. Bryan. as he
said he would. nor would ne give his
reason for having abandoned his pro-
gram OF speoch-making in North
Carolina.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1906-09-13
THE BLAND STREET JEwELER

That fifty members OF last years
freshman class at Yale had heart
disease was one OF the discoveries
made by Director William G. Ander.
son of the Yale gymnasium.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1906-09-13

The wise man awaiteth frost be-
fore making free with the oyster.
Santa Fe new Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1898-1951, 1906-05-31
SUITS FILED.
Four Cases for Damages Filed at the
Office Of Clerk Of the District
Court.
Occurred in Gale Mayor.

The Dunlavy Mercantile Company
has brought suit against the Gold Bul.
lion Company in the district court for
Santa Fe County asking damages of
$205.35 with interest, alleging that
amount Is due it for merchandise pur-
chased by the defendant.
Asking damages of sS77.46 with In.
terest at the rate Of 6 per cent, Fred
Ortiz of Ortiz, Colorado, has filed suit
against Leandro Gallegos In the dis.
trict court for Rio Arriba County.
Fred Ortiz of Ortiz, Colorado, has
filed suit In the district court for Rio
Arriba County against Albino Quin-
tana asking damages to the extent of
$215.25 with interest at IL per cent.
The suit is brought to recover on five
promissory notes, four for $14.43 each,
and one for $2S.S6, and to collect
$4525, which the plaintiff claims Is
due him for goods purchased by Quin-
tana.
Damages to the extent of $373.56
with interest is asked by Fred Ortiz
in suit which he has filed against
Ramon Cruz, In the district court for
Rio Arriba County. The suit Is brought
to recover on a note for 500, execut.
ed June 10, 1900, and to collect for
chandise purchased to the amount Of
$198.56.