Bisbee daily review., 1906-04-03
CLIFTON COPPER MINES
Important Professional Paper Issued by the U. s, Geo.
 logical Survey.
PUBLISHED AND COMPILED
 BY WAlDEMAR llNDGREN.


 A very important professional paper entitled The Copper Deposits of the Clifton, Mrrenfd District, Arizona, was recently published by the United States Geological Survey. The au- thcr, MT Waldemar Lindgren, has also completed a geological folio of the Clifton quadrangle, Arizona, which is particularly interesting as a supple ment to the professional paper.
 The area of this quadrangle falls within the eastern part of the Terri tory of Arizona The dividing line between Arizona and New Mexico is II miles distant from its eastern boun- diary, and the Mexican frontier lies l15 miles south of its southern boun- dary
 The topography of this region is extremely irregular. The whole mountain region north of the Gila River appears as a maze of short ridges. minor plateaus. and peaks. The lowest point in the quadrangle. with an elevation of 3350 feet, is in San Francisco River near the southern boundary. and the highest point. 7947 feet. is a sharp bas2lt peak in the northern part.
 Three main lines of drainage. con verging southward. intersect the quad rangle from north 10 south, San Francisco River lies on the east side, Eagle Creek occupies a corresponding position on the west side. and Chase Greek, a tributary of San Francisco River. flows through the central part.
 The climate, like that of southern Arizona in general, is arid, and this is clearly shown by the character of the vegetation. The lower foothills are practically barren, bearing only few desert bushes and cactus plants. Up to elevations of coco feet the ridges generally support no arboreal growth, though a number of species of agave, yucca and lew cactus, not common on the lower plains, are found on them. Above coco feet, ia sheltered locations. stunted trees of juniper and cedar are fairly common, and are extensively used as firewood. Yellow pine begins to appear at the highest elevations, and along the principal rivers and creeks cottonwood trees. grow to in- posing size.
 The population of the Clifton quad rangle is almost wholly dependent on the copper mining industry. There are the three towns-Clifton, Morenci and Metcalf. Clifton is picturesquely but inconveniently situated along the mar rof bottom lands of San Francisco River and Chase Creek, at an eleva- ton of $500 feeet. The railroad termi- nus and the large smelting plants of the Arizona Copper Company and the Shannon Copper Company are located here, and the population numbers sev- eral thousand. The principal mines of the Detroit and Arizona companies, concentrating plants of both, and smelting works of the former are found in the immediate vicinity of Morenci, which lies at an elevation of 4,S00 feet and has population of over coco. Metcalf. situated on Chase Creek at an elevation of 400 feet, is a smaller settlement, where the mines Of the Shannon Company and some Of those belonging to the Arizona Cop per Company are located.
 MT. Lindgren takes up in detail the general geology of the quadrangle, describing the rocks and the systems found here, analyZing the geological structure Of this area. and working out its geological history by recipher- ings its sedimentary and physiograph, ic records.
 The most important mineral re sources of the quadrangle i3 copper, which is, in fact, the only metal pro- duced in large amounts. Only a brief description of the great copper depos- its at Morenci and Metcalf is given here, as the subject has been treated by MT. Lindgren in detail in Profes- sional Paperno 43. He does, howevei, [, touch on the production and develop ment of the mines, the occurrence and general features of the ore deposits, the conditions of the ground water, the depth of the oxidized zone. In con clusion. MT. Lindgrcn summarizes the genesis of the ore bodies.
 Deposits of iron, zinc, lead, silver, gold, coal. limestone, quartzite. kaolin, and building stone found in the quad rangle are briefly described.
 Bound with the folio is g topograph- ie atlas sheet of the area, maps Illus trating the areal geology and econom- -ic geology, and a page of structure sections. The price of the folio, which is listed as No. 129, is 25 cents. Copies may be obtained on application to the Director of the United States Geclog- ical Survey, Washington, D. c.