davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
SIMPSON REST LODGE.

uupeoa Rest Lodge. No. TO- 4. =.
4 A. n, Trinidad, meets tue nrst and
tAisd Tuesday sight. In hs month.
nGsmhees n sod standiIs are vel
n. =. STEELE, ". n.
4 J SMITH. ooov
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
CENTENNIAL LODGE NO. 4, A r.

CENTENNIAL LODGE NO. \, A F..
4 A. M.
Meets the second and fourth Monday
nights In the month at 17l2 Curtis
Street. All Masons In good standing
are invited to attend.
DIR. P. f. SPRATLIN, W. NJ.
p. j. BARNARD, Sec'y.
1928 18th Street.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
EUREKA LODGE NO. -,

EUNtKA LODGE NO. u,
AlbuQuseQue, n. NJ. meets s6rSl and
third Tuesdays In the month. All M
sons In good standing invited. I.
0. Mason Sec.
SAN WATSON. W. M.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
coLUMBINE COURT NO. ~,

|. o. o. c.
Meets the second and fourth Tues
day evenings at 1872 Curtis Street.
All visiting members are invited to
attend
JESSIE A. TAYLOR, W. c.
TULIP BANKS, r. D.,
3525 Blake Street
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

Gold Camp Lodge, A. 2. I A. H..
Cripple Creek, Colo, meets the Arst
nd third Wednesdays id the month.
L. F. Mccullough, W. N.
Geo. W. Cotwell, Secretary.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

EUREKA COMPANY NO. 4.
Meets the first and fourth Tuesdays
c. c. VAN HOOK. Captain.
=. L. vOOREE, Recorder.
1873 18th Street
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
PYTHAooRAS LODGE.

Pythayoras Lodge. A. F. I A. ",
&eadville. meets the first and third
Tuesdays In each month.
Hall Ill W. 9Th street.
A. J. YOUNG, W. NJ.
p. L. JOHNSON, Secretary.
ia Z. Ninth Street.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
KEYSTONE LODGE.

Keystone Lodge, A. F. 4 A. NJ, Han.
IA, Wyo.. meets the first and third
Tuesdays in the month All member,
n good standing are invited.
GUS RAIMEY, W.
CHAS. HARRIS, Secretary.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

LILY CADET COMPANY,
U. r. X. Of p.
Meets 1872 Curtis Street ever Mon
day evening.
JOHN CLIFTON. Capt,
HARRY SMITH, Secretary.
2465 Curtis Street
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

Western Star Lodge, No. 1928, U. B.
OF F.. have a dispensation for initia-
ting candidates for 81, which will be
In force 30 days.
T. NJ. RUSSELL, W. N.
G.. 8. PARKER. Sec,
20S0 Arapahoe ST.
cAPToLIA TEMPLE NO. 1o3, .. N. T.
Meets the second and fourth Wed.
nesdays In each month At 1882 Araps.
hoe Street. Members in good standing
are invited to attend.
HATTIE KING, W.. p.
MARY o. STEAM, Secretary,
1892 9th Street.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
Meeting
ARAPAHoE LODGE NO. 2sse.
@. U. o. OF o. r,

ARAPAHoE LODGE NO. 2sss.
g. U. o. OF o. r.
Meets the nrst and third Monday
nights In the month at Odd Fellows
Hall. 1882 Arapahoe Street.
GEO. D. HALL, P. g.,
P. O. box s95.
DENVER PATRIARCHY. NO. 6,
month at Odd Fellows Hall. Is,7 Arap-
,ho- street
c. A. BURTON, W. PR.
1874 Lin-oln ave.
HOUSEHOLD OF RUTH, NO. ST.
G. U. O.. OFO.F.
Meets the first and third Tuesdays in
each month At Odd Fellows Hall, ISn
Arapahoe street.
Mrs Clarence Holmes 2139 Curtis st
Worthy Recorder.
PAST GRAND MASTERS COUNCIL
NO. II8, G. U. o. OF OF.
Meets the second Friday in each
month at Odd Fellows Hall, 1882 Arap-
ahoe street
WALTER SCOTT. O. 8.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

FAR WEST CHAPTER NO. 8, r. A.
NJ,
Meets the second Wednesday.
W. II. FINLEY, II. P.
WM. SPRAGUE, Secretary,
P. o. Box 1545.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

Lone Star Chapter No. Is, o. e. g..
meets the first Friday In the month.
2 p. m, and the third Thursday In the
month. 1880 p. m, at Five Points hall.
All members in good standing invited.
MRS. LULA SMITH, r. NJ.
MRS. LILLE MOORE. Sec.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

N. W. GRAND LODGE, A. r. 4 A. N.
Colorado Jurisdiction meets in Pu-
eblo the second Monday in August, the
18th, 1906, at 10 a. m.
TT. BRUCE, W. NJ, Denver. Colo.
WIN. SPRAGUE. G. Sec'y, Denver,
Colo, P. o. Box, 1645.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
GOLDEN GATE LODGE, NO. l,

GOLDEN GATE LODGE, NO. /,
s. NJ. T. and o. BIZ.
Meets the second and fourth Satur.
day afternoon at 2:3O, at 1882 Arapa-
hoe St. All members in good stand.
ing are invitdd to attend.
GEORGE MARTIN.
ia Eighth Street.
ALPHA GRIGSBY.
445 St Paul Street.
PHYTHlAs LODGE NO. n.
Meets the first and third Wednes.
day nights, 1882 Arapahoe Street.
DIR. ]. H. P. WESTBROOK. C. C.
JOHN COOK, X OF h. & s.,
9i5 Twenty-first Street.
DAMON LODGE NO. 5.
X. OF P. meets at l712 Curtis street
the first and third Friday OF each
month.
HENRY HINKLE, c. C.
J. W. TAYLOR, X. Of R. and g..
1922 Lincoln Avenue
AETNA CAMP NO. -, u. r. X. OF r.
Meets at 1712 Curtis street the second
and fourth Friday nights in the month
G. ". PASH,
Captain.
l.. P. WOOD, Recorder.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

RED CROSS COMMANDERi NO.
II
A. F. 4 A. N.
Knights Templar meets the fourth
Wednesday In each month at 1712
Curtis Street
S. A. LANGSTON, E. G.
VIM. SPRAGUE, Recorder,
P. o. Box 164b.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
QUEEN OF THE WEST NO. I.

Meets first and third Thursdays In
each month. 1884 Arapahoe Street.
MRS. MAMIE v. HARRIS, W. p.
MRS FLORENCE WALTON. Sec
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

QUEEN ELIZABETH COURT NO. &
Meets at 1882 Arspahos street SEC
ond and fourth Friday at 3 p. m. All
members in good standing are request
Ell To attend.
RACHEL l.. BUTLER, n. A. n.
MARTHA r. RILEY, Bee.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12

ROCKY MOUNTAIN LODGE NO. 1.
A. =. L A. N.
Meets the FIRST and third Monday
nights In the month at 1712 Curtis St.
C. A. FRANKLIN, w. M.
WIN. SPRAGUE, Secretary,
P. o. Box 1646.
Franklin's paper the statesman., 1906-10-12
TRUE REFORMER'S

True Reformers No. 1924 CoioraG.
Enterprise Fountain. meet nrs, xnd
third Mondays NJ 1892 Arapaho. q.
.. NJ. Hughes, Master. Mrs. N. E.
Riley, Secretary, Cooper building.
Tabernacle No. 529 meet the first
and third Tuesdays in the month q.
l7l2 Curtis St. All members in good
standing are invited.
LAURA CARSON, Il. P.
MAMIE WELLS Recorder.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27

Governor Names General Commit
tee to Take Charge Of Work.

FROM SdIuTudy daily.
: Governor johnson has appointed a
general committee to take charge of San
Francisco relief work in Minnesota He
issued the following proclamation:
The most appalling calamity which
has ever befallen an American city has
just overtaken San Francisco. Earth
quake and fire have combined to prac-
tically annihlate the entire city, kill
ing thousands of people and destroying
the homes and property of almost the
entire population. Other fair cities OF
California have suffered in the catas.
trophe. No description adequately de-
picts the horror and desolation. The
nation sympathizes deeply with the suf
ferers, but sympathy will not bring re-
lief, and it becomes the duty of every
American to assist in the alienation of
the misery and distress. The people of
Minnesota, ever generous, in the past,
should and will vie with each other in
the performance of this, their highest
civic duty. Let all commercial bodies
undertake the work of raising funds to
be forwarded to the victims of the dis
aster. To be effective, the work should
be promptly done. To facilitate this
work I have appointed the following
committee to take general charge of the
relief work for Minnesota:
Robert A. Smith, Louis w. Hill,
Charles X. Sharood, Gustave Scholle, f..
H. Hobe, Kenneth Clark and J. F..
Kelly, st. Paul; David p Jones, w. w.
Heffelfnger, Fendall G. Winston, w. c..
Edgar, Rev. James NJ. Cleary, Wallace
G. Nye and C. A. Smith, Minneapolis
NJ. B. Cullom, Thomas Cole, A. c.
Weiss and Mile Bunnell, Duluth.
81 do not care how the work is
DONE" said Governor johnson, 'but a
state organization is needed, in order to
receive and forward properly the con
tributions from smaller cities and towns
of the state"
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
STERLING CENTER NOTES.

e. 80 -r.-.4
a parcel shower was held Thursday
at the home of Mrs. c. c. Troy in hon
or of Miss Elva Williams.
H. Hazel of Garden City spent a few
days with his brother Grant.
Mrs. George Perry and family left
Thursday for their new home near
Olivia. Mr.. Perry left last week with
his car.
Peter Benedict will do some thing
this spring. Ed. Kitsler has the job.
Lesley Norton is working for Mel Fay
through spring.
Mr. and Mrs. George Keith spent
Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs. George Lang
worthy.
Mrs William Tipler and family of
Amboy spent Tuesday with Mrs. E. w.
Parks.
Work has commenced on S. NJ. Grov-
er's new barn.
Miss Elizabeth Ellis commenced her
school Monday after several weeks va
cation.
Charles Storrec has purchased A. d.
Reeds farm of $50 acres for 500 an
acre.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27

McCleary would be disposed to,reward
his benefactor when the opportunity Of
fered, and his recommendation of Mr..
Guttersen some years later for appoint
ment to the office of rural route inspec
tor may be regarded as a partial recog
milton of his obligations.
And yet, as soon as the report became
current that Mr.. Guttersen had eXer-
cised his unquestioned right to become
a candidate for congress, the charge was
brought against him, from sources close
ly related to McCleary's literary bureau,
that he is guilty of ingratitude to Nc
Cleary.
What the people of this district will
think of that charge after they have had
time to consider its full meaning, re-
mains to be seen. Possibly they may
be lead to ask by what right a member
of congress assumes to claim that fed
eral offices are his personal property to
De uSeu dS pollllcdl luelclltlHuiSe ioi IHc
payment of his personal obligations?
Did McCleary do anything more than
his plain duty when he recommended
Guttersen's appointment? McCleary is
himself public servant and is paid by
the public for what he does or is sup
posed to do. How. then, can any citi-
zen of the Second congressional district
be under personal obligations to this
public servant for any service he may
perform in the regular and legitimate
discharge of his official duty?
As a matter of fact Mr.. Guttersen
owes nothing to Mr.. McCleary. The OBJ
legation is still the other way, as it has
been for fourteen years, and if anyone
is guilty of ingratitude it is the man
who charges ingratutude to faithful
supporter who is honorably exercising
the unquestioned right of every Ameri-
can citizen.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
Standpatters, Heed the Warming.

Frankly we have not much conf
dence in republican tariff revision. Prob
ably nothing will bring. action but a
general public uprising, provoked by a
season of business depression That
will bring democratic house before it
brings tariff legislation, and the repub-
licans will lose their chance of revision
of the tariff by its friends"
That is the emphatic declaration of
The Minneapolis Tribune, newspaper
that is well saturated with the princi
Piles of republicanism.
The tariff question is bound to enter
into the next campaign, and it will be
well for the republicans to prepare to
meet the issue fairly and squarely. A
free and open declaration by the grand
old party for revision will meet the APP
prevail of the people. Any other course
is liable to result in the election of a
democratic house, and as stated by The
Tribune, the republicans will lose their
chance of revision of the tariff by its
friends.
Standpatters should be able to read
the handwriting on the wall.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
Mr.. Guttersen's Position.

The st. Paul Dispatch is pleased with
Mr.. Guttersen's platform excepting that
part of it which relates to the tariff.
The Dispatch finds fault with the word
conservative as applied to revision
and says that it may mean a revision
upward. People generally will not con-
strue it to mean that, as they could
hardly expect an opponent of Mr.. Nc
Cleary to take such a position, mas
much as the present incumbent is the
high priest of standpatters. Besides,
Mr. Guttersen declares that he is IN
favor of the removal of the tariff from
trust made goods, and up to date Mr..
McCleary has not so declared himself;
in fact he is not favorable to such a
proposition, and it could not be expect
ed that he would go back on the mas
tiers he has so faithfully served. The
only out -and-out declaration that Con-
gresham McCleary has made relative
to the question is that one in which he
favored revision upward, piling on
more tariff and thus enabling the trusts
to further plumber the people. Mr.
Guttersen is opposed to this policy and
would remove the tariff from trust
made articles and relieve the public from
a burden which they are now suffering.
In other words Mr.. Guttersen would
properly revise the tariff. He is a sup
porter of the Roosevelt idea that The
Dispatch refers to, and if the people
of the second district elect him as their
representative he will gladly favor those
wise policies advocated by the president
which, if put into practice, will be bene-
fetal to the whole people. Mr.. Gutter
sen believes that conditions are now ripe
for change in the schedules, not re-
vision upward, but downward, not along
free trade lines, but wholesome revis-
ion that will lift burdens, and at the
same time give industries that need
protection full measure. ,igpset ~
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
McCleary's Opponent.

Bert Miller endorses the candidacy of
Gilbert Guttersen for congress, saying:
In it's last two issues, The Herald pub
lished the announcement of Hon. Gill
gress in the primary election, and brief
review of his record.
Mr.. Guttersen's statement of the poll
cies for which he stands is brief but
pointed and for the present will serve
to indicate the main points on which he
proposes to take issue with Mr.. Me-
Cleary. As the campaign advances his
platform will doubtless be elaborated
and the issues more definitely defined. In
the mean time it suffices to know that
MIR. Guttersen is squarely opposed to
Mr.. McCleary's standpat policy and
favors important reforms to which Mr..
McCleary, during all his long career in
congress, has not deemed it worth his
while to give any attention.
The record OH which Mr. Guttersen's
claims to public confidence are based is
in all respects honorable and praise
worthy. His service in the state legis-
lature gave conclusive demonstration of
his loyalty to public interests and prov
ed that he is a man who can be trusted
to do his duty fearlessly and fully un-
der all circumstances,
For six years Mr.. Guttersen has held
the office of rural route Inspector a
position to which he was appointed on
the recommendation of Mr.. McCleary.
From the beginning of McCleary's polit-
zeal career. Mr.. Guttersen had been one
of his most Jealous and most effective
supporters. He it was who presented
Mr.. McCleary's name in the convention
which gave sour congressman" his first
nomination, and to Mr.. Guttersen's sup
port at that time McCleary is largely in
debted for his success in securing the
nomination. Under these circumstances
it might easily be assumed that Mr..
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
SOME GRIM REMINDERS.
xhibits That Were Used in the New
UIm Murder Case.

from saturday DAILY.
The Mankato papers, together with
several from our own city have stated
that the wide carriage typewriter, which
was used as testimony in the Koch
trials, was the property of Brown coun-
ty, and had been purchased by the coun-
ty to be used as evidence in the three
trials. This is a mistake as the coun-
ty did not purchase the typewriter, nor
is it in the possession of the county at
this time. Several weeks ago an item
was published in this paper stating that
the members of the Citizens committee
had the typewriter for sale, and that
it was on exhibition in Attorney Al
bert Pfaender's law office The Citi-
zens' committee purchased the type
writer and not the county, for the pur-
pose of placing it in evidence. The
typewriter will be sold for small sum,
to enable the committee to realize as
much as possible on it. The other ex-
hibits, such as the hammer, poison bot
tie and bloody handkerchief, have not
been called for and in all probability
will remain in the possession Of the
clerk of courts Of Blue Earth county for
future reference should the case ever
come up at q future date.--New Ulm
Journal. ga fcu arIsH- eV IaRa. 5.a
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
Word From Manager futile.

crom Fridays Daily.
II. A. Tuttle, general manager of the
North American Telegraph company, is
sued the following today: can office
has been opened at the ferry at San
Francisco but we will be unable to
make any deliveries for the present at
least. The inhabitants are being driven
out of the city by the fire, and taxing
the capacity of the ferryboats to carry
them. The fire is still raging. You
should continue to inform patrons that
businss to the stricken towns is accept
ed at their risk and is subject to very
great delay
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27

in the country, formerly of the United
States geological survey, says disaster
at San Francisco has long been expected
by scientists. In a signed statement he
says:
Scientists have known for many
years that San Francisco is dangerously
located and would probably, sooner or
later, be subject to severe shocks.
"The fear has been repeatedly ex
the first to show the effect of an earth
quake upon such structure, for it has
been well understood that San Francisco
has the most dangerous location with
reference to earthquakes of any large
city in the United States"
Whole Works May Be Blowed.
New Haven, April 2O.-;.The worst is
yet to come" said Professor Totten, the
ex-Iale prophet, when asked about the
San Francisco disaster. 81 wouldn't be
surprised if the same thing struck Chi
ca9o tomorrow and New York the next
day. What | look for next is a comet
portent of greater disasters.
'The whole universe is wound up for
disaster Every cycle works out toward
zero Look at the conditions prevailing
in Naples, San Francisco, Chicago and
New York. Naples and San Francisco
have had their share Next the two
others. After them Russia will meet
her fate for concentrating her devil
tries upon a people whom the Lord has
sworn shall be indicated against any
hand raised against them. Then look
for the universal war, which the Bible
calls an earthquake with its overwhem
ing of the tall cedars and the great
princes and the stars of heaven"
Dr. W. J. Holland, head of the Car
negie institute at Pittsburg, is of the
opinion that the recent activity of
Mount Tacoma is responsible for the
earthquake.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
DEBT PARTLY PAID.
High School Entertainment Nets
S35 for Piano Fund.

rIOHl odIuludy DolS
The entertainment given at the high
school building last evening to re-
duce the debt upon the piano was sue
cess as far as the program was concern
ed, but the attendance was not more
than half what it should have been, and
therefore the debt was not wiped out.
About $50 was cleared, however, and
this will be applied to the purpose, leav-
ing some 500 to SO to carry owed to an
other year.
The program was carried out as pub
Ished by The Free Press, and all tax,
ing part acquitted themselves admir-
ably. furnishing an entertainments well
worthy The admission fee. The operetta
"a Dress Rehearsal," was put ON, the
characters being taken by members of
the faculty and students. The musical
numbers were very well rendered. ="
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
STREET COMMISSIONER OUT.
North Mankato Official Too Con-
scientious to Hold Job.

cIOH odIuIudy Ddlly,
X. Heider, the new street commission
er of North Mankato, has rendered his
resignation to the council. He proved to
be a very conscientious official, and
could not feel easy to hold the Job and
fail to get the residents to turn out and
work their poll tax. The place will be
filled by the village council at its next
meeting, as, the members have two men
in view. The policy will be pursued
hereafter of giving one notice, and if
the property owners do not comply the
tax will be placed in the hands of the
county treasurer to collect, and i'll this
manner it is expected to get the tax
in cash next year and do the street work
by contract.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
CAN'T SHAKE MINNESOTA.
This State Is in No Danger Of Receiv-
ing Severe Shock.
| IC,.car, AIoI L

There is no danger of destructive
earthquake in Minnesota. Geologic con-
ditions are different and this part of the
country has arrived at condition of
stability which may not be reached by
the Pacific coast states for millions of
years.
"The western coast of our country is
comparatively new, geologically speak
ing" explained former State Geologist
Winchell, "and. it hasn't arrived at
condition of stability. Minnesota is on
the oldest rocks in the continent. 1t
had period of ups and downs in the
pre- Silurian times, but that is all past.
''There might be fluctuations from dis
tant earthquakes, but there could be no
earthquake center on any disturbance
that could cause any serious danger
The San Francisco earthquake was felt
in England and Italy and perhaps would
have been noticed here with delicate in
struments. The. rocks of the Pacific
coast are of the tertiary age and the
whole country is lately risen from the
ocean.
''The volcanoes of the Cascade and
coast ranges are vent points for the in
terror materials disturbed by upheavals.
Many people think volcanoes are the
cause of earthquakes. The opposite is
the true state of affairs. The crust of
the earth cracks and slips, and that is
the earthquake. Where the crack is
profound enough the molten interior es-
capes, and that makes volcanoes. These
vents once established by the slipping
continue to serve as vents for long
time.
'The volcanic age of Minnesota was
the age when the trap rocks of Lake
Superior were elected from the earth.
We have lost track of the craters,
though we see the assures and rocks.
These rocks flowed over the country in
forms similar to the lava flows that eX-
listed i'm the west later. Where our
volcanoes were we cannot say, but they
must have been in general in the same
region where the rocks are now"
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
NEW POST BUILDING.
Structure Will Be Made Three Stories
High.

From Mondays Daily.
The Post company, publishers of The
Mankato Post, which last week purchas-
ed the old Young Mems Investment
company's corner, will hold a meeting
tomorrow evening with Architect Schip-
pei who has been engaged as architect
to prepare plans for the new building
which it is proposed to erect. The COM
pany has decided to put up a three
story building, and may possible make
it four. Already several applications for
office rooms, partitioned off to order,
have been received, and it is evident
that no trouble will be had to rent the
entire building that is not used by the
Post. The Modern Woodmen lodge has
appointed committee ts see about
leasing the third floor for lodge hall.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-04-27
CLEARED NICE SUM.
Episcopal Ladies' Received Fine Pa
tronage.

From Saturdays Daily.
The annual Easter fair of the ladies'
guild of st. Johns Episcopal church
closed last night, and was remark
able success. Schiller hall, where the
fair was held, was crowded most of the
time, and especially at meal time was
the capacity of the ladies for waiting
on the patrons tested. Inasmuch as
tickets were placed in the hands of some
who have not yet turned them in it is
not possible at this time to say just
how much was cleared, but the sum was
handsome one.
The ladies feel very grateful that
their services have been appreciated as
shown by the large patronage extended
to them, and they are especially thank
full to those who donated or loaned them
articles of any kind.