The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1906-07-18

dent Estrada CABRERA OF Guatemala
cabled to Washington: Revolution
started; but already. crushed" 1t
seemed like before breakfast job. but so
far from being crushed it has spread
to Il war between Guatemala and Sal
vador, in which most of the other re-
publics may take hand before it is
ended.
Don Manuel Estrada Cabrera was
elected provisional president of Guat-
emala in 1898 and in 1905 was again
elected for the term Of six years.
The republics of Honduras, Sal
vador and Nicaragua. cooperating
with revolutionists in Guatemala. are
reported as having made common
cause against Guatemala and have
already invaded the territoryof the
latter country. General Manuel Lean
dro Barillas. formerly president of
Guatemala, is at the head of the revolu-
ton.
The history OF Guatemala belongs
in great part to Mexico, its northern
neighbor, when the TolteQues, Clutches.
Cachequelz and Zutugils invaded
Guatemala in the thirteenth century.
In 1924 the conquistador, Don Pedro de
Alvarado, coming from Mexico. enter
ed Soconusco. The King of the
CLUTCHES gave Alvarado battle and was
vanQuished. The Indians were baptiz-
ed by force, marked with red-hot irons,
and reduced to slavery. The popula-
ton, then very dense, diminished rapid
Iva condition which may cause us to
remember that other nations than the
Spanish have treated the unfortunate
Indian in much the same manner.
In 1921. following the example of
Mexico. Guatemala proclaimed herself
free. When lturbide. by a coup d'etat,
on the 18th of May. 1922, dissolved the
junta which he had established and
proclaimed himself Emperor Gutemala
followed his fortunes. On the 22d of
November. 1924. at the close of
lturbide's dictatorship, Guatemala con-
st;tuted herself federative republic.
with other states of Central America.
After 1924 the liberals came to power.
abolished slavery, accorded citizenship
to Indians and established civil mar
riage and trial by jury.
Rafaelo Carrera vanQuished Cen
eral Marazan in 1910 and became con-
stitutional president of Central Ameri-
ca. Having made himself dictator he
increased the commerce and the
revenues of the country. BY decree
dated March 81, 1s47. Carrera de-
tached Guatemala from the Central
American Confederation. and in 1850
made war against allied Salvador and
Honduras. He overcame his advers-
aries at San Jose and, master of the
country, gave Guatemala a constitution
il 1851 and in 1854 was made presi-
dent for life.
In 1868 Barrios. president of Saliva
dor, suggested the reconstruction of
the Central American Confederation.
Carrera exacted in such case that each
state should retain in Salvador journal,
which Carrera deemed offensive he
crossed the Salvador frontier. attack
ed Barrios and routed him. Carrera
formed an alliance with Nicaragua and
advanced with his allies against the
united farces Of Salvador and Hon
duras, and as victor at Santa Rosa he
forced Barrios to fee.
After the death Of Garrera, April IA.
1865. the Chamber elected General
| was overthrow in 1871.
In 1873 General Rufino Barrios was
named president, and in 1884. under
| the impression that the independence
of Guatemala and all of the Central
| American states was menaced, he re-
solved to group the central states
solidly, and proclaimed in February,
| 1909 %ho Confro1 Ap,arioon fado
ton. Salvador refused adherence,
try, but was beaten in the battle of
| Chachuya and. his army disbanded,
returned to Guatemala.
A treaty of non-intervention and ar
bitration between Guatemala, Hon
duras. Salvador and Nicaragua was
signed by the presidents of each of the
republics mentioned in the city of San
Salvador on the second day of
November. 1903.
Costa RIGA, for some reason which
does not appear, was not included in
the treaty as party thereto, but men,
ton is made and an invitation extend
| ed in the treaty that Costa RIGA accept
and sign the stipulations, but Costa
RIGA does not appear to have paid any
attention to the invitation.
The legislative power of Guatemala
is vested in national assembly con-
sisting of representatives Zone for
every 10000 inhabitants) chosen by
universal suffrage for four years; a
council of state of 10 members partly
elected by the national assembly, part
ly appointed by the president of the
republic. who is elected for the term of
six years.
| Estrada Cabrera was born al
Quezaltenango and admitted to the bar
in 1888, became district Judge, justice
of the court of appeals and repre-
sentative of the national assembly. In
1892 he was secretary of state. In
4 February. 1898, upon the assassination
of President Barrios, he became act
ing executive, and in September of that
year he was elected president
The most important crop in Guat-
emala is coffee, the largest plantations
being in the hands of Germans; 81 per
cent of the coffee is exported to Ger
mayn; 80 per cent to the United States;
II per cent to Great Britain. Tobacco
sugar. cocoa and bananas are likewise
extensively cultivated.
The army consists of 1000 regulars
while the effective force is actually
$4,000 men from 10 to 80 years, and a
reserve force Of 10000 men from 80 to
SO years of age.
The republic of Honduras was estab.
lished January II, 1889, prior to the
dissolution of the Central American
Confederation. The legislative power
is vested in a congress of deputies