davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
Flagmen at Railroad Crossings.

Now that there is no more danger
of getting new depot on the Great
Northern anyway, why not ask the
company to furnish some kind of pro-
lection to teams and pedestrians at
the johnson Avenue crossing, right
in the center of town. There is not
much doubt that if the city council
calls the attention of the roads
officials to the death trap between
the Duluth and St.Anthony elevators
tney will put a watchman on the
tracks to warn passers of approaching
trains. It won't be necessary to
have a man there all the year round,
but from now on until the crops
have been moved and traffic reduced
it is an absolutely imperative matter
that protection be furnished. Some
very narrow escapes have occurred
here. Each year the danger is get
ting greater as the travel increases
and train service becomes more fire.
quent. The city council have the
power to look after this matter and
they will be to blame if an accident
happens there that could have been
prevented by 1lagman. t, 1t is also
up to the council to see that pro-
per crossing is put in by the 500 line
on Division street. The sidewalks
were torn up when the grade was
built and they have never been re-
placed by proper walks. It is .-one Of
the most used streets of the city,
leading, as it does, to the park.
1t is merely matter of oversight
that this has not been attended to.
The people are entitled to a good
safe walk across the tracks and the
council should see that they get it..
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
Obituary.

Mrs. Annie Schantzen, wife OF
Frank Shantzen, of Comstock, died
Thursday, July 18th, at her home,
OF heart failure. Glst@
|sss Mrs. Shantzen was one of the old
settlers of this part of the valley.
She was born in, Luxembourg Ger
many, in 1929, and at an. early age
came to this country with her
parents. The family settled in
Houston county, Mimi. and she was
married to Frank Schantzen. Mr..
and Mrs. Schantzen came to Red
River Valley in 1880 and settled
first at Euclid, where they remained
for about five years. From there
they moved to Comstock in this
county where they have resided
since. 81 ~
Her husband survives her and a
large family of children share with
him the pain of bidding her the last
farewell. Her sons, Nick, Theodore,
and Frank j., and her daughter,
Mrs. Mary Rutz, have their homes
in the same neighborhood. Another
son, Henry, resides at Stephen,
and John is in California.
The funeral occurred Friday, the
18th from the Catholic church at
Argyle, Rev. Father Toupin offici-
ating. las 4;....&@ i.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
The Crop a Good One.

q. ". Jones, editor Of the CONNER
-cial West, Minneapolis, and consid-
cred one of the leading crop experts
in the United States, was in Grand
Forks last night on his way home
from a trip over the northern and
western sections of the State.
The valley crop this year is not
as good as in the other sections Of
the State Mr.. Jones told The
Herald, ''and Walsh, Grand Forks,
Cass and Richland counties have
about the same kind of a crop. Penn
bina county has a fine crop and this
is true of the counties to the west,
and there does not seem to bea great
deal of difference in these
counties. In the ex-
treme western section good rain
would not hurt. The talk about
black rust is all bosh, and the only
thing that can keep NORTH Dakota
from a good big crop this year will
be the frost. The danger of blight
is passed, unless you should have
two ur three days of extreme hot
weather, near the hundred mark,
which does not seem probable.
Next week wheat harvesting will
start at Neche, in Wells county,
this state, and at Redfeld, S. D. ;.
at least the crops in these three
spots will be ripe enough to harvest.
Yes, I have made an estimate on
the yield in North Dakota this year,
but I guess I will not give it out
just yet, as [ will make another trip
into North Dakota next week."
Grand Forks Herald.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
Blindpigger Jailed.

Sheriff Forsberg drove out tc
Strandquist last Friday night and
arrested A. P. Lundstrom for the
illegal sale of liquor.
Mr.. Forsberg came upon his man
unexpectedly and had no difficulty in
securing tangible evidence in the
shape of original packages of beer
and nahum, which he promptly
confscated. t'.5.@',
Mr.: Lundstrom was brought to
Warren and had his hearing before
Justice Keenan, on Saturday. He
plead guilty and was fined $50 and
costs, or so days in Jail. Being with
out money he had to choose the lat
ter punishment. ta A> %~> IF. j..
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
The JObbers' Excursion.

The business men Of Warren. will
have limited opportunity to pass
the time and, possibly, shake hands
with bunch of wholesale dealers
from st Paul tomorrow night, Fri
day, August 3rd. e..
The st Paul wholesale men left
that city last Sunday evening and
travelled out along the 500 main line
as far as Portal on the Canadian
border. From there they doubled
back to Kenmare today and came as
far east on this line as Omemee,
where they will spend the night.
They will leave Omemee tomorrow
morning at TOO o'clock, and con-
tinue in this direction. They will
cross the Red River and enter Oslo
at 7:40 p. m. After half hour stop
the train moves to Alvarado, which
is given Is minutes. At 9:O5 they
will be at Warren, where they will
be allowed a Is minute stop before
hiking to Theft River Falls to stay
all night.
There are some arrangements being
made to increase the time of the
stop here. Alvarado, Radium and
Viking cannot possibly make any use
OF the time allowed them beyond
two or three minutes each, to walk
to the platform and shake hands
with the local dealers. Cutting
down the time CT these places and
using it here will give pretty neal
an hour for this place, in the cool
of the evening, just when it will be
most pleasant to entertain the visi-
tors.
There are some mighty good
speakers among the visitors and il
the crowd should be hustled away
from the train and up town to the
band stand there would be an excel
lent chance for Warren to have the
liveliest hour of it's history.
The band will be out and annie
it's overwhelming swells of melody
the travellers will be kidnapped and
held up town during good behavior
We advise everybody who wants
to see things happen to be .out with
their lamps trimmed.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
Files for County Attorney.

The only political development of
any interest the past week is the i'll
ing for the republican nomination
for county attorney by Clyde r. Cha
pin, of Argyle.
Some interest is evienced as to
what it means. The most likely
explanation is that Mr. Chaplin is
merely putting himself in position
to fall heir to the.office when the pre-
sent incumbent W. J. Brown is ready
to step down and out. Politics is a
good deal like falling in line at a
ticket window. Sometimes one has
to stand in line a good while before
ones turn comes, but it is best to
join the line as early as possible,
which Mr.. Chaplin evidently knows.
Another view is that there possibly
is something brewing in the county
that will stir things up generally by
the time the last day for filing comes
around. Up to this time everything
has pointed to mechanical indorse-
ment of the present officials but it is
possible that there are more young
bloods who are desirous of testing
their steel than Mr.. Chaplin and his
example may be contagious. The re-
publican primary ticket may have a
respectable number of names on it
yet.
The democrats are contemplating
some sort Of coup but what it is
is impossible. to discover just yet.
The leaders are all very mum, but
one can see from their actions and
looks that they are bursting with
some portentous secret. Their con-
vention to send delegates to the
democratic state convention is to be
held at Argyle the 25th Of this
month and they are trying hard to
keep to themselves some Important
thing that is to happen then. Most
likely some one will weaken before
that time and an expectant public
will avoid shock by having the
news broken gently before that date.
County Superintendent Mithun
was expected for a time to file for the
republican nomination, but it is now
thought that he will make the run as
an independent. s..
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
The End Of The World

of troubles that robbed E. II. Wolfe.
OF Bear Grove, Ia, ofall usefulness,
came when he began taking Electric
Bitters. He writes: 1.-TWO wears
ago Kidney trouble caused me great
suffering which I would never have
survived had I not taken Electric Bit
ters. They alsol cured me o. General
Debility Sure cure for all Stomach,
Liver and Kidney complaints, Blood
diseases, Headache, dizziness and
Weakness or bodily decline. Price
SOC. Guaranteed by r. F. Whitney
drug store. !
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
Sam Clark Doing Well.

Art Mercer, formerly in the bar
ber business here, but now located
at Minot, n. D., was in the city
the first of the week. Mr. Mercer
says that Sam Clark is doing a great
stroke Of business in the newspaper
field at Minot and is making all
kinds Of money. His daily paper is
the leading one at Minot and Mr..
Clark is greatly addingto the plant,
having purchased linotype and
made other extensive impr rovements.
Thief River Falls News.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
Il, Self Defense

Major Hamm, editor and manager Of
the Constitutionalist Eminence,
KY, when he was fercely attacked,
+ four years ago, BY Piles, bought a
box of Bucklen's S Arnica Salve, Of
Of which he says: TT cured me il
ten days and no trouble since. q
Quickest healer Of Burns, Sores,
Cuts and Wounds 25c at 2, r.
Whitney drug store.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
After The Butchers.

The butchers OF the state must
conduct their business as the law
prescribes or there will be trouble.
Sanitary methods must be followed
at all times and better conditions
must prevail. The object Of the
commission is to protect the people
Of the state. Conditions in Crook
ston are no worse than they are in
many places, but they can be i'm
proved The above statement was
made by Deputy Food Inspector
Heiberg yesterday morning before
departing for Red Lake Falls.
-Crookston Times. M.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02

strom, George Powell, Simon Road
quist, Joe Staska, Millie Swanson,
Mary Vayrina, Elmer Eennerdraw,
Arthur Welin, Minnie Zuerold.
Higher Algebra Mabel Cederlund
Clara Dagoberg, Ingolf Grindeland,
Edward Johnson, Tena Johnson,
Gill Lamberson, Christine Lofstedt,
Margaret MCCLELLAN, Laura Magladry,
Ula Pealstrom, Philip PihIstrom,
George Powell, Joe Staska, Frank
.Vayrina, Mary Vavrina, Elmer Ven
n-erdraW, Arthur Welin, Minnie
Zuerold.
Spelling, about seventy certificates.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
Houses and Lots for Sale.

! want to sell two dwellings on
Main Street at once. They are stu
ated on separate 5O-foot lots running
$50 feet back to the river and adjoin-
ing an alley. Good barn with each.
Good wells. Price reasonable.
Apply to O. G. Valtinson.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
Strayed or Stolen.

One LleWellyn setter bitch, black
and white spotted, a little brown.
around the mouth. Finder please.
notify the undersigned and receive
reward. Oscar G. Hidden,
= Oslo, MINI. Rs
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02
a Mystery Solved.
''How to keep off periodic attacl

How to keep off periodic attack
biliousness and habitual consti7
patton was mystery that Dr..
Kings New Life Pills solved for
me writes John N Pleasant, Of
Magnolia, Ind. The only pills that
are guaranteed to give perfect salts
faction to every body or money re-.
funded. Only 25c at p. F'. F.
Whitney drug store.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02

i o. H. Taralseth transacted business
in Oslo today, between trains.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1906-08-02

Subscribe now for the SHEAF.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
OLO SOLDIERS PAY TRIBUTE
TO THEIR DEAD COMRADES
Various Grand Army of The Republic
Hosts VIII Hold Memorial Elk.
erciscs at the Home.

III Ward Memorial Hall utthe Ma
lional Soldiers Homo this afternoon.
at 2;3p O'clock The members III the
v1rohs Grand Army Of The Republic
Sests Will assemble for The purposr
Of nnyins 4 tril'u,a Of love 10 their
drnI Iy holding memorial exercises
Momhcrs Of Robert l.. Lee Camp,
Confederate Veterans. Of Hampton.
viii bc The invited guests OF the /.
rasion 1hr prosran arranged IS
one Of much interest TO The mcm.
hrrs Of ille order and a large crowd
IS expected to attend The exercises
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
RECEPTION COMMITTEE
FOR THE JONES MEETING
Dr.. Frank w, Sheild Names Those
Who viii Receive the Congress.
man Whcn He Visits Here.

pr Franz ". scild. chairman Of
ihc committee on arfailaemtuts to
prepare Tor the visit OF Cnnsressman
William a. Jones to Hampton on
We'Inrs'Iay evening. J'lrlc q i,,s an
nuncrl In" selection ot The reception
committee This cummi'ac Will
moel Mr. Jones anl escort Inn to
the Aua,ista hoicl whors Id Wit ha
Garicrcd durin4 his 5ray III Ilamp-
ton
INC personnel \; lhc committees
fnlow8
u K Curtis G, d. Gn,etjo. s 4
Howard w Il Johnson, l.. NJ Won
Srhilling. los $ Wcbbcr D. n.
Hckfura. H. H. Tcnnis. WaEvr q.
Watts, II \. l'owell, Or j Wilton
Hope, Thomas Tones, Il. ~ 'orl.
! NJ. Mills " T llostcn. NJ.
A. Euokcr. r. i Ilasbin# 1t S
Collier, T. Mason. Il C ice. IL.
|. Crochctt,l VI Rowe, ii NJ Nus,
ller, s. Il. Chisman, " H. fo,u5pn,
John Wcymouth. i. s. wait, q. /:
choynr Stanley I'rinkley. y. u.
DaonGhrrly. Giraril Chambers Scott
e. Wood Dr G. " NlcAllister. j.
Is. Wyatt, Jr., X ". IIndeins y.
S JonGa. Y. Raosonc. " II.
I'risnir. {, NJ Williamson, IN u ".
Chboil w. L Walrer. W. S CrocE-
Ictt. @. 4. Wartlon NJ. H. Richard.
son, cecil W inrlaIr.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.
George J. Davis Purchases the Prop.
crty OF the Hampton Supply Co.

Thr property oI the Hampton Sup
ply Company, corner King and Lin
coin streets. was sold at public auc-
ton Al noon Yesterday by Auclionccr
Nj @ l.nclScy. The sale attracted
many real estate men. and the prop
crly was purchased by George !. pa
vis At $G,7oo, II Is understood that
siN coIorcd men are The real pur-
chlscrs of the property. ltswas first
put M in lots but the lump hid
proved the most desirable
Mr.. l-ackcy also sold for S. Cor
don Cumming. trustee, house and
lot in Phochus. Mr.. G. L. Trice be-
coming the purchaser al $500.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
COLORED BOY IS ACQUITTED
ON THE CHARGE OF MURDER
William Turner Shot His Father in
Sclf-Dcfcnse Says the Jury by
Its Verdict.

In the Circuit Court yesterday az
tcrnpun a jury returned verdict Of
mot guilty" against William Tur-
ncr, he coorcd boy. who shot and
killed his father near Shutdown about
two months aao. The boy says he
shot in sclt-dcIcnsc and tho jury he
lived him. Mr.. Fay S. Collier rep
resented The accused boy and Com
mnnwcalilis Attorney Burdcttc A..
.l.rwi, prosecuted him
The trial consumed most of the
dry The jury reaching its verdict
shortly after o'clock.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
IT'S NOW Or. COOKE.

Son Of Mr. md Mrs. r. q. Cooke
VIII Graduate a, Medical College.
Mr. 'rluma Clarcnrc Cnuic. Dis
son Of Mi and Mrs TN. cppNr
wii receive his decree q mcdirr"
dpcior a thc JEFFERSON Medical Got.
lcsc plilldcphia, AZ the commence
mont cNtirires on Monday, Jpnic /.
MI Conhe aid MISS oneiitp Cur.
AIS w,ll So tp PhluhcipIii N'enoH
day and Mir Coilla VIII @ there
neNl SundnN "a attend The pommcIlco-
mont cXcrpiars
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
A Year OF Blood.

The year 1905 will long lie rcmem
heed in the home IF +. n. Jacket Of
y nance NY, rs a year Of blood,
which flowed so cqpiously from NJ.
Jackets lungs that death SCENE,
very near. He writes: Severe hlcc5-
ing firm the lungs and frightful
cough had brought me at deaths door
when | began taking pr Kings Now
Discovery for CONSUMPTION. with the
astonishing result that after taking
four bottles WAS completely restored
and rs time has proven permanently
cured Guaranteed for Snrc Lungs.
Coughs and Colds. at w. Blair Lang.
lnrnc's drug stole. Price SOC and
Slo0. Trial hottie free. tu,th,su
Farm: Fol Sale.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
Wines and Liquors

belong to the lost tribe that stray.
ed away from Dublin before Moses
sailed on the Red Sea. I'm Il prico
cutter, I'm moncymaker; I'm the
one that sells all straight Whistles,
retail al wholesale prices. The follow
Ing high grade 10c whiskeys ! sell for
DC drink: Paul Jones. lure Rye.
Sherwood Rye Whiskcy, Carroll
Springs, pure Maryland Rye Whiskey.
-Four N%XX, Baker Rye Whiskcy.
Ovcrholt Rye Whiskey, Parkwood Rye
Whiskey. All of the above named
whistles is strictly high-gradc; match
my prices if you dare, beat me il you
can.
Whiskey In bulk at following
prices:
Old Nick pure Rye. 1-2 pit. 2Gc; gal
ION ..... ...... ...... Sd. 60
Leonartls Favoritc IL pit. zoe; gal.
ION $500. ...... 80. 80. 90
Hunters Baltimore Rye IL pit. csc;
gallon >. ...... ...... 90
Maryland Club, 10 pit. Csc; gal
ION 80. ...... ...... ........S4.cG
Paul Jones Pure Rye. 1-2 pit. zoe:
Carroll springs, gallon $3.50
NXNX Baker Rye. gallon ....$2.5O
Star Rye, gallon ...... .$2.oO
Moss Rose. gallon -. 90
LAKEWOOD pure Rye, gallon $3.50
jefferson pure Rye. gallon Isis
kentucky Bourbon. gallon ....s1.d0
Double Stamp Gin. gallon -. $500
Sniithfield Apple Brandy. 4 years
old. gallon $3.50. ...... ..$2.00
The following brands of California
Wines. Port Sherry Catawba. Clarct,
blackberry at 25c per qt.; per gal Use.
Pride Of North Carolina. years
old; gallon -. Nv. $500
kimmcili' per gallon -. ....$2.00
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
First Methodist.

Rev J. w Str. who has been in
Richmond receiving lrcatmcn, for his
eyes, returned 70 Hampton ycstcr-
day ami will fiji his pulpit in The
First Methodist church this morning
and evening.
Services will be held in tho Church
of Christ this morning and evening.
hui there will he no preaching.
In 81, Johns Episcopal church to-
day The usual morning ana afternoon
services will be conducted hy Ref.
Rcvcrily Es'iIl - u, The rector
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
, Did You say Promptnesa2

II yom did just send your order for
groceries to licnslcy e. Bush Never
better prepared titan now TO fill your
order on tho moment Just try tho
system by 'phouins IS.
5.25.2t.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
viii Preach il New Kent.

Rev Il L. Hopkins started ycsicr
day for New Ken, county whore he
viii preach 70 lhr CONGREGATION Of
the Liberty BAPTIST church his morn
ing and evening
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
-GII.wolll.. ,rcn NIrhl.

Gliswol'i's Ten Nights in a Iiar
Room Company is The only company
travelling that makes il Epccially If
this Grand OH temperance play. anu
has 10 connection With any uthcr at
trncliNMa N
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27

Nothing cheap but the prices with
tho Ten Nights III a Bar Room. Go.
Almiasion IS cents for adults. and
u cents for childron Come and
bring The Whole family it
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
The Best Eyer.

That is what the people say of
leo Cream Koilina, old
stand Both Phones, 52l SEC,
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
Guaral,tc,d

That lee Cream ordorcl 4, Krkmnu's
vii! hc first class and de'i"r~cl wn, II
you want y. Pile your order Ertli
Phones, 52l. J-2S,Gt
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
Rents Collected and Remittance
Promptly Madc.

that's our reputation. We want
y'ni: bWsinl4s u, O. i.ACKEY Mgr
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27
Farm For sale
Got mylia' ". Q IACKHi

Don't ,al 10 near HOLM Russmvns
military hand wiih Inc Cri5wold Ton
Nishta ~ 4 Tar Room 60 ~
pr eeli Money 'rnat us NJ.
9 LAckEY Il A
VISIT Russcll's
Cui Price Cah Groees - Z Qnoen
street, and conrnrc rrirts 521-l2t.
The Biz Ten NiMhi IN Rar Room
W Gar 'fi pfle 81 i't hFs' hnni md
olchea'ias on thrroad. II
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1906-05-27

Farm: Fol Sale.
Get my list. NJ o. LACKEY. II.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-09-15

pacity when he was elected by the
Common Council of this City to the
office of City Clerk
The council at this time was Demo
cratic but party lines were waived in
the desire to secure the best man for
the office. Mr.. Jensen served as City
Clerk under both Democratic and re-
publican rule and so faithfully dis.
charged his trust as to earn the an
probation, respect and good will of
the members of the council and the
patrons Of the Office.
At the inception OF the good roads
movement Mr.. Jensen, recognizing the
Importance to the City and County of
permanent thoroughfares joined hands
with the promoters and worked I'M
ceasinsly in this behalf. Largely as
a result Of his activities in this direc-
ton and his fine official record he was
elected County Commissioner receiv-
ing one OF the largest votes of any man
on the republican ticket.
During the two years of his service
on the County Board he has always
champloned good roads, good laws
and good government.
His Individual efforts have been re-
sponsible for the laying of some ten
miles OF permanent roadway. an i'm.
provement which must rebound to the
benefit OF both City and County. He
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-09-15
THE STAR THEATRE.

A superb organization of gilt edged
specialities and charming girls is an
nounced as the forthcoming event for
the week beginning September 18th
Sunday matinee at the Star Theatre
in the Cherry Blossoms" company
whose program will furnish the audi
ence of this popular playhouse with
amusement enough to Danish the blues
for weeks to come. Among its mem
,bers no one is better or more favorably
known than John Perry who will ap-
pear in both the opening and closing
musical farces. Others on the bill are
"The Manhasset Comedy Four" LYDIA
Carlisle and Lille Perry the little
Kodak Girls" Nolan and White, who
ire too we'll known to need any COM
ment, Loro and Payne comedy sensa-
tional acrobats, Frank Ross 1.-THE Sing
ing Jew and Others making an olio
never before equalled by any travelling
company visiting this city. The curtain
raiser merry musical conceit 1.-THE
Wrong Count Tobasco" and closing
satire Look Out Below" introduce the
entire company, including scores OF
pretty girls and "The Serpentine Show
err a gorgeous spectacle.