davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

DECISION
TEXT OF THE OPINION OF THE
UNITED STATES SUPREME
COURT BY JUSTICE HOLMES.

Copies of the decision of the Supreme
Court of the United States in the Bish-
op Estate fishery case, were received
today by Ballou & Marx who have sue
cessfully carried the case to that
court. This is the second test
case, which was decided, like the first
one, against the Territory The appeal
was from the decision by the Supreme
Court here in favor of the Territory.
This is the case of the Bishop Estate
trustees against the Territory. 1t is
supposed to settle about nine-tenths Of
the disputed fishery cases, those in
which the fishery is not mentioned in
the original patent. The opinion of the
court by Justice Holmes is as follows:
This is a proceeding to establish the
plaintiffs rights to a several fishery
of the kind described in Damon " Ha-
wall 1874 u. S. 1874, and comes here un-
der the same circumstances as that
case did. The fishery in question is a
sea fishery within the reef in Waialae
Xxi, Island of Oahu, and is claimed by
metes and bounds in the complaint
The plaintiffs are owners of the adja-
cent land under a royal patent follow
mission, and the only difference be-
tween this case and the former one is
that in this the fishery is not described
in the royal patent, and that, apart
from the question of prescription, upon
which we shall say nothing, the plain
tiffs have to rely upon the statutes
alone. They offered evidence at the
trial that before the action of the king
i'm 1S39 those under whom the plaintiffs
claim title had enjoyed from time i'm
memorial rights similar to those set
out in the statutes, and also that they
had been in continuous, exclusive and
notorious possession of the konohiki
right for sixty years, They offered i'm
short to prove that their predecessor i'm
title was within the statutes and there
fore owned the fishery, it not being dis
puted that if he did, the plaintiffs own
it now. The judge rejected the evil
dence and entered judgment for the
defendant, and On exceptions this judg
ment and that i'm Damon VS. Hawaii
were sustained at the same time I'm
one opinion by the Supreme Court. IA
Eaw. 465.
We deem it unnecessary to repeat the
ground of our intimation i'm the former
case, that the statutes there referred
to created vested rights. We simply
repeat that in our opinion such was
their effect. The fact that they neith-
er identified the specific grarHee nor
established boundaries, is immaterial
when their purpose as grant or con-
hrmation is decided. It is enough that
they afforded the means OF identihca-
| ton and that presumably the boundar-
| les can be fixed by reference to exist
| ing facts, or the application of prln-
ciples which have been laid down I'm
| cases Of more or less similar kind
The omission of the plaintiffs prede-
cessor i'm title to establish his right to
the fishery before the Land Commls-
sion does not prejudice their case. See
Kenoa V, Meek, 6 Haw, &c. That COM
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
KAISER WILHELM
IS FORTY-SEVEN
OF GERMANY'S RULER
WAS NOT OFFICIALLY CELE-
BRATED IN HONOLULU TODAY.

For the second time since the Impe-
rial German Consulate was establish
e. here in Honolulu the birthday of
the Emperar went past without public
celebration.
The German standard hoated from
the flagstaff of Hackfeld & Company's
building all day but there was no re-
ception by the Acting Consul w. Pfo-
tenhauer for the reason that the period
of mourning for the lamented Consul
Il. A. Isenberg has not yet expired.
The former occasion on which there
We're no festivities to mark the natal
day of Wilhelm II was four years ago
when the death of the father of the
much respected consul proceeded him
to the Great Beyond.
A number of German families will
celebrate among themselves in gather
irgs this evening but there will be no
function of even a semi-public nature.
Accustomed as most people are to
look upon Emperor William as quite
a young man, it comes as something of
a surprise when it is remembered that
he was born in 1859 and has been on
the throne of Germany for eighteen
years. He is therefore rapidly ap-
preaching the half century score and
is no longer to be looked upon as a
young man in great counsels.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

1t is regarded here as very unlikely
that Governor Carter will ever resume
his office. Instead, he will probably
take a long vacation and resign next
fall when Secretary Atkinson becomes
old enough to hold the office The
continued illness of the executive will
make a rest absolutely necessary, in
the opinion of his physicians, and it is
believed that Carter would resign at
once but for the political arrangement
understood to be planned in favor of
Secretary Atkinson.
It is said, in fact, that this consider
alton was one of those which induced
the governor to withdraw his last re-
signation. The governor and secretary
have long been close political allies
each supporting the other with the
greatest of loyalty. In this view of
the matter, it is said, Carter would not
be acting with good political faith to-
wards Jack if he resigns too soon to
give Jack his chance.
The governor, however, is anxious to
lay aside the office, and his present ill
ness will make it practically necessary
that he do so for a time at least. Now
that the secretary's trip to Europe is
probably all off, there is nothing in the
way of Governor Carter taking the va
ration he needs. "A trip to Europe or
to the Far East is being talked of.
The governor passed a better night
last night, but his condition this morn
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

Congressman Littlefield of Maine has
introduced in Congress a bill which
will have an important affect here if
it becomes a law. It's general tenor is
provision that gambling shall be an
offense against the federal laws, which
would mean that in a Territory such
as Hawaii, gambling would be prosecu-
ted in the federal court. This will re-
suit in passing the gambling PROPOSE
tion up to District Attorney Breckons.
The bill was introduced some time
ago and is believed to be now in COM
mittee. 1t probably has a very good
chance of passage in which event there
will probably be hard times for gam
blers in the Territories. The procedure
in a fedral court is much more hard for
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
HOFMANN
QUITS OAHU
PLANTATION SURGEON RETIREs
AFTER HAVING ESTABLISHED
THE FACT THAT HE WAS RIGHT,

DR. c. Hofmann, the Oahu Plantation
physician today severed his connection
with the plantation. He will be sue
ceeded by Dr. McGettigan of Maui.
During the recent strike of Japanese at
Waipahu the Japanese claimed that DR..
Hoffman, had performed a needless
post mortem on one of their country
men and while it was established that
the physician was perfectly justified in
his action, he felt that in the interests
of peace he had rather leave the plan
tation, the laborers being unconvinced.
The company refused the demand of
the strikers for the dismissal of DR..
Hoffman, and he voluntarily retired.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

criminal defendants than in most other
courts, and federal prosecutors have
more power and more funds than the
local ones. Hence it might be expect
ed that there would be a rapid reduc-
thon in the che ia and other gambling
which have always persisted here in
spite of thousands of arrests per year.
Federal punishments would also be
heavier than those of the Territory.
Altogether the news of Littlefeld's
scheme is one calculated to displease
the gamblers.
Il do not know what stage the bill is
in" said District Attorney Breckons-
Yes, have heard that there is such a
bill, but have not seen a copy. II il
becomes law, I suppose there will be
more work for us"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
Another
Man For
Europe
SECRETARY ATKINSON WILL
PROBABLY HAVE TO GIVE UP
THE TRIP ALTOGETHER.

The Board of immigration will prob
ably select another man to go to Eu-
rope in place of Secretary Atkinson,
who left Washington today for Homo
lulu, in order to take his place as act
ing governor during the illness of Car
ter 1t is not thought that Jack will
be able to leave for a considerable time,
and the board wants to start it's work.
Among those who have been mentioned
for the place is Attorney Frank An
drade, whose knowledge of the Portu-
guese language would prove valuable.
1T would be easy enough to get plen-
ty of laborers," said f. j. Dutra, the
Portuguese broker, who is one of those
who would be willing to undertake the
job. Il am certain that there are plen-
ty of good strong young men and wo-
men who would come All that is
needed is someone who can go among
them and explain matters. Some hust-
ling of the right kind and exercise of
good judgment to see that the right
persons come, would bring splendid re-
suits.
Il would like to suggest that if
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

colony of Portuguese are to come they
should be allowed to bring five or six of
their own priests with them. 1 don't
say anything against the priests now
here, but the new comers will be more
content, and better handled if they have
their own priests with them. Planta-
tions would find that such men would
be of the greatest value in settling all
sorts of questions. These people are
accustomed to looking to their priests
for all sorts of help and advice and of
course they will continue to do So"
Dutra has given a good deal of study
to the Portuguese immigration propo-
sitiOn and wants to see it carried out.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
DAVIES
S VICE
CONSUL
4. CLIVE DAVIES BECOMES BRIT
ISH VICE CONSUL FOR HAWAII
APPOINTMENT MADE TODAY.

Theophilus Give Davies has this day
been appointed British Vice Consul for
the Hawaiian Islands at Honolulu.
This is the official announcement
made by the British Consul. The Brit
ish Vice-Consulship has been held in
the firm of n. II. Davies & Co., for
many years. r. II. Davies the elder
was vice consul for long time. He
was succeeded by n. Rain Walker, and
for several years past f. NJ Swanzy
has been the vice consul.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

ing was far from satisfactory. His
temperature was 1922, which is a dan
gerous condition of fever DR.. Judd
remained with him all night and re-
ports that the governor had much more
sleep than on previous nights The
temperature was higher this morning
however, than last night and the per-
sistence of the high fever is possibly a
dangerous sign The governor was not
informed last night of Atkinson's mes
sage that he is returning, but it is be-
lieved that the news will have a good
effect, as Carter is inclined to worry
about office affairs, and he has full
confidence in the secretary.
Secretary Atkinson must be very
much disappointed" said a frienE of
his this morning. "He would rather
have had the European job than the
governorship itself, but there was moth
ing for him to do but give up the trip
and start back here. | think he will
be kept here so long that someone else
will have to go to Europe, though of
course he will have something to say
about who it is, being chairman of the
Board of immigration.
Several cables We're sent to Jack
yesterday advising him to come home
at once and the result was an imme-
diate reply announcing his departure to-
day, in time to catch the Alameda and
arrive here February 9, as intimated in
The Star yesterday.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
DON'T WAIT. BUY NOW.

Buy our Blank Books early. Don't
wait until the other fellow gets the
particular Book you wanted so badly.
Loose Leaf Ledgers our speciality.
Wall, Nichols Co, Ltd.
4t-%@%ASN%%Nt~e e-~s-%-t-%%t %t%-NN-tk
mission was established to determine
the title to lands as against the Ha-
walian Government. In practice 1t
treated the fisheries as not within its
jurisdiction, and it would seem TO have
bocn right i'm its view See Arkeni v.
Wong IA Mau, Haw. o.
Judgment reserved.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
AN ECONOMICAL PErTIcOAT.

Heretofore a Taffeta Silk Petticoat
has been an expensive luxury because
of it's tendency to split and crack.
Sachs is now showing a guaranteed
silk petticoat in black and leading col
ors at $3.50, $3.50 and $1,000. If it splits
or cracks within three months it is re-
placed with a new garment
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
BOOKS MORTH READING

The Travelling Thirds, by Gertrude
Atherton. McAllister And His Double
At Arleigh's, corner Hotel and Fort
streets.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
Personal

You need Japanese goods? X. Yama-
motto, wholesale dealer will show you
choice samples. Plantation orders
given special attention. Phone Main
800. =. O. Box SO. Hotel street near
Nuuanu.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
WANT TO "RECALL"
MAYOR WATERHOUSE
AN ELEMENT OF PEOPLE PASADENA THE
MAYOR WHO WAS ELECTED LAST A
TIcIET-DoNT LIKE THE THINGS HE HAS DoNE-wAs
FORMERLY A RESIDENT HONOLULU.

PASADENA, January 17.-For the
second time in the history of the State,
the famous recall provision which is
in the charters of both Pasadena and
Los Angeles, is to be invoked in the
case of Mayor William Waterhouse of
Pasadena. This decision was reached
this afternoon at a meeting of promi-
nent citizens, which roundly scored the
mayor for an alleged attempt to block
a municipal issue.
A recall petition is being circulated
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

Fred j. Cross has bought the defnct
mter-Island Telegraph Co.'s wireless
system from Frank E. Thompson trus-
tee for $500.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
THEY ALL 90 THERE.

All nationalities gather at the Critic
rion to take a wee cheering drop and
to pass the time O. day
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
CONFINEMENT.

"Gude ale keeps the heart aboon"
and with the choice lunches served at
the Royal Annex from II to 2 there is
nothing better to desire. Scotty.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
RESUMED PRACTICE.

George d. Gear has opened law Of
fees in the rooms formerly occupied by
Justice Hatch on Kaahumanu street.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
WHEN YOU HAVE A BAD COLD.

You want a remedy that will give you
prompt relief Get Chamberlain's
Cough Remedy. 1t always cures and
cures quickly. For sale by all dealers.
Benson, Smith & Co, agents for Ha-
Wau.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
A BIG DIFFERENCE.

There is a difference in the flavor and
quality of beers-that's why people
who know drink Rainier Beer
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

Automobiles can be nired day or
night at Club Stables, Fort Street.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

Lutteds Taro Flour, for sale by Hen
ry May & Co. and c. j. Day & Co,
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
SAM
AFTER
GAMBLERS
AFTER

LAWS, WHICH THE GAMBLING PROPOSITION
BRECKoNs-A LAW THAT MAY RAISE Pu4rB1A
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
LAW OFFICE-

S. B. Kingsbury has opened law Of
fees in the Boston building. Rooms
POI, 2O2 Telephone Main 1872.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

and if 25 per cent of the registered vot-
ers sign it the council must call another
mayoralty election. This action fol-
lows a wholesale petition to the mayor
to remove City Attorney Fitzgerald
from office on the same grounds, which
the mayor turned down. The only
other occasion upon which the recall"
was used was when the voters of Los
Angeles two years ago, ousted Council
man J. p. Davenport, accused of being
in league with the liquor interests
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
CARTER
MAY NOT
RESUME OFFICE

BELIEF WANTS ARRANGE A
FAVOR OF ATKINsoN-CoNDITION PATIENT NOT
VERY SATISFACTORY THIS MoRN1NG-HURRY MESSAGES
JACK YESTERDAY.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
HOUR Jaw
Is WAIVED
ASSOCIATED PressC o Star).
O. January OF
waived Panama
Jack TELLS ROOSEVELT

WASHNGTON d. January 27-Secreay Atkinson of III
to the
Governor he will 10 Honolulu
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
JAPAN RAISED ITALIAN LEGATION.


PEFING raise
o
FIGHTING
nhere burning
authorities the oers.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
BURNS HANDICAP RUN TODAY.

SAN FRANCISCO 27-The Handicap IL
A
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27
No MORE SAVED FRC

NO MORE SAVED FROM VALENCIA.
VICTORIA
ed the wrecked steamship Valencia
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-01-27

Il would like to suggest that if
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07
A PRIZE EASTER BONNET
Mrs. Griffin, the Milliner. Gives
Free Beautiful Pattern Hat for
the Best Letter on Express
Ads. Read About il

The Daily EXPRESS has arrang-
ed with Mrs. Mazena L. Griffin,
milliner at the Bryan Dry Goods
Company, to give beautiful trim
med pattern hat for Easter 70 the
lady who will give six reasons why
she thinks that any advertisement
in any issue Of the EXPRESS is the
best one.
The conditions are simple and
easy. All you have to do is to
watch the DAILY EXPRESS and
pick out an advertisement that
strikes your fancy, and tell why
you think it is better than all the
others. You must write to the
FxPREss and give six reasons why
you think it is best and your an
swer must not contain over 100
ords.
Mrs. Griffin will give this beauti
ful Easter bonnet absolutely free to
the lady who sends in the best an
swer. In Judging an advertise
ment, take in consideration, the
wording or phrasing, the way IT is
displayed, its mechanical construc-
ton, business getting features,
bargains offered and any other
points you may see fit to criticize.
A committee, composed Of gentle
men to Be selected later, will Judge
the letters and the winning one will
be published.
The ladies Of Chickasha know
that Mrs. Griffin is one Of the lead
ing miIliners Of the city and hat
that she designs and trims is sure
to be correct. The winner will be
suited in every point as Mrs. Grif-
fin will trim the hat to suit the
winner and it will be the envy of
hundreds Of the female sex on
Easter morning.
The contest will close Friday,
April 18th. the winning answer
will be published in the issue of
the r4th, and the hat will be de-
livered to the winner the same
day. Now get busy.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07
Laura Davis. Contestee

TO Laura Davis, the contestee'
You are hereby commanded and
summoned to appear before the
Commissioner to the Five Civiliz-
ed Tribes OH the 23rd day Of April,
1906. at 8 o'clock a. in, at the
Chickasaw Land Office in the town
Of Ardnore Indian Territory, to an
swer to complaint filed against
you by Louise Garland, by her
father and natural guardian, Daniel
N. Garland, wherein the said
Louise Garland contests your right
to selects as an allotment the SEA
Of the SEA Of the NE-4 Of section
5 township s north, range 7 west
Of the Indian Meridian, in the
Chiekasaw Nation Indian Terrific
~.
You are warned that upon talitre
to answer you will be adjuged to
have confessed the allegations to
be true as set forth in the com-
plant.
Issued BY the Acting Commis-
sioner to the Five Civilized Tribes
at Ardmore, Indian Territory, this
sth day Of March, 1906
First published March r6
WIN. O. BealI
Acting Commissioners
4-I6
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07

1855. 100 feet in SW city, NJ
corner, beautifully located for res
idence. $4,000.
I34. 100 feet well improved
close m residence property. easy
terms. sI5oo.oo.
I33. Sc x block, beautifully
located on West Hill, good i'm
provements. $4,000. loo.
Isz. A desirable residence lot,
us #. on South Hill, easy terms
$4,000.
I3I. rs it,, East front, 4 room
cottage. convenient 10 churches
and library. $2Ico.oo.
100. A nice little home, close in,
convenient 10 all proper institu-
tions sI65o.
I3o. SO #. well improved on 3rd
ST.. easy terms. $1,000. 90.
I77. Il block and 4 lots rs #.
each, all improved, in south por-
ton Of city. $500. 90.
Ia5. 100 # well improved, in
Frisco Addition. $f7oo.oo
I24. A beautiful home on South
Hill. $1,000 90.
I2I. A good business in connec-
tion with well improved home.
$4,000.
I2o. 90 feet, close in, nice little
home, sold by instalment. $3.50.
III. 90 ft. corner, two small res
licences, Frisco Addition. sI2oo.
II6. A beautiful home, conven :
iently located. NE corner, sold on
:nstalnent. $Io5o.oo.
ITO. 100 it,. occupied by nice
cottage, a bargain. $500
100. Vacant lots desirably locat-
ed, rs #. front, bargain. $1,000.
1876. II vacant block on 4lh St.
for S7oo. We offer this as an in
1877. 100 feet close in, easy terms
we'll improved and a bargain at
$1,000.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07

Everybody reads the want ad
column whether they read any
thing else in the paper or not If
you have anything to sell, want to
buy something, got sonething you
want to rade, got house to rent,
or wait roomers, rs cents for 4
want az S the best way to get re-
suits. ry Il.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07

Department Of the interior, com
missioner Of the FIVE civilized tribes,
chickasaw land Office, Chickasaw
allotment contest No. 2Ioo.
Louise Garland, by her faith
er and natural guardian.
Daniel N. Garland Con-
testant
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07
GOOD q co.
Phone 457 Terrell Building
Room No. 3. 82-s3
CAUGHT coLp WHILE HUNTING

CAUGHT COLD WHILE HUNTING A
BURGLAR.
Mr.. Wr1. Thos. Lanorgan,
provincial Contable at Chaplain,
Crss-io, says: II caught a severe
cc,d while hunting buglar in the
forest swamp last fall. Hearing Of
Chamberlain's Cough Remedy, ]
tiled it. and after using two small
bottles. / was completely cured.
This remedy is intended especially
for coughs and colds. 1t will loosen
and relive severe cold in less time
than by any other treatment and is
a favorite wherever its superior
excellence has become known. For
sale by. "All Druggists
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07

Patrons Of the electric light com
pany should call at the Office and
exmine the new Gem light For
brilliancy and economy it can't be
exceIled. If
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07

When you need any houseTork
done, such as cleaning carpets, rugs
and cleaning Honses, 81 any yard
work o. any kind. See K. L. Jor-
dan and Brantford at Ir4. Mimi
esota ave. or drop card ID P. O..
62-S8
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07
GRIP ouIcKLY KNocKEp our.

GRIP QUICKLY KNOCKED OUT.
Some weeks ago during the
serve winter weather both my
wife and myself contracted severe
colds which speedily developed into
the worst kind of la grippe with all
its miserable symptoms, says Mr..
J. S. Egleston of Maple Landing,
Iowa. Knees and joints aching,
mucles sore. heab stopped up, eyes
and nose running, with alternate
spells Of chills ane fever We began
using cnamberlain's Cough Rene
dy aiding the same with double
dose Of Chamberlain's Stomach and
Liver Tablets, and by it's liberaluse
soon completely knocked out tile
grip Sold by "All Druggists.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1906-04-07

The ladies' Of the Methodist
Church will bake home made bread
and Angle food cake every day this
week at their stand On Chickasha
avenue no. 3r3, second door from
Midway hotel. 1885