davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
PRAISES WORK Of
ROOT AND TAFT
DR.. Lyman Abbott Makes a
Pointed Reference in His
Sunday Sermon.
ALSO DISCUSSES THE
CAMPAIGN IN NEW YORK
Declares That Both Sides Are
Wrong, but Holds There Is a
Way Out of Trouble.

NEW HAVEN, Conn, Oct. 2l.-
Praise for Secretaries Taft and Root
IS men who were doing Christ's work
in the world formed part of sermon
by Rev. DR.. Lyman Abbott, of New
York, before the Yale students at Bat"
tell chapel today.
DR.. Abbott did not mention the name
OF either, but referred to one who mad
gone .fto Cuba and brought order out
of Chaos and to the other as one
who had Just made a. journey through
South America harmonizing the North
with the South He also referred to
the political campaign now on IN Ne"
York State and said:
"At the present time there IS
great discussion in my State over the
differences between the trusts and free
competition movement. There is
great desire TO break down the com
binations. Both sides are wrong The
evil is not in the combination; II is not
in the free competition,
WThe cause of the difficulty is much
the same as in the old parable. Each
party has too much to do for Itself
10 be ruled over the street, Such men
as Jones of Minneapolis, Folk of Mis-
souri,, and Colby of New Jersey and
Jerome of New York are saying to me
that there is way in which this coun..
trv can be ruled along the lines OF
righteousness and peace. When one OF
our great Statesmen went to Cuba and
brought order out Of chaos; when one
of our rich men left the pursuit of for
tune and went into Government work
and made Journey through the States
OF South America, harmonizing the
North with the South, that was the
work of Christ on earth. ~
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
Long Took No Chances,

Commander Alexander Sharp, Jr.,
now of the cruiser Chattanooga, was
naval aid TO Theodore Roosevelt, AS
sistant Secretary of the Navy at the
outbreak Of the Spanish war, and he
applied for the command Of vessel.
He was then only a Lieutenant and
was not entitled TO large vessel. John
D. Long, Secretary Of the Navy, de-
cided to assign him to command Of the
Josephine.
'EMr. Secretary" said Sharp. "my
wife's name is Josephine, and J wish
you would change the name of the
yacht IN to command, -
"And what does Mrs. Sharp say7'
asked Mr.. Long,
"She said, answered Sharp, "that
If You kept the name 1t would be the
only Josephine / ever commanded.
'Ab,' said the Secretary of the
Navy, ~ shall change the vessel s
name TO Vixen
And the Vixen she became.-Phila
dclphia Record
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
MEN FREEZE TO DEATH
Railroad Flag1nen in Wyoming Are
Victims of Severe Storm.

CHEYENNE, Wyo., Oct. 21.-The worst
storm known in years for the season now
prevails over Wyoming. II is accompanied
by heavy snow, and in sorne sections by very
high winds. Tho Union Pacific has snow
plows out on tho entire limo between here
md Ogden.
West OF Green River. Wyo., the line is
blocksded and all communication is cut Off
All wires are down. = dispatch from Green
River tonight says tine highest wind known
in twenty-five years is now blowing. with
the temperature 10 degrees above zero and
a heavy snow falling. One Aagmnn was
found on the trncli unconscious and badly
frozen. Ono building at Green River was
demolished by the wind and snow.
The news from northern and central Wyo.
ming reports practically the same conditions.
Stockmen are apprehensve OF great losses.
rs the storm caught them unpreparcd. The
Storm is slightly ebating here.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
INCREASED OIL YIELD
Production Shows Big Gain According
to Government Report.

WASHINGTON, Oct 21-During the
year 1905 the oil fields of the United
States produced 134,717,5S0 barrels OF
petroleum, as against III ,0S0,960 bar
rels in 1901, according to a report is
sued today by the United States Geo
logical survey. This was greater by
l7,636.620 barrels than tho production
in any previous year, although the
value of the oil produced was l7,0lS,-
056 less than that of 1904. During 1905
there was notable increase Of develop
ment in the transcontinental oil fields
and the completion of a pipe line from
Humboldt, Kans., to Whiting, Ind,
marked an important step in the trans
portation of oil.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
EToduS of Marines

HAVANA, Oct 2l.-The exodus of
the American marines in Cuba will be-
gin tomorrow. Seven hundred marines
win sail Monday or Tuesday on the
cruisers Minneapolis, Newark and Den
yer. Six hundred will remain at Camp
Columbia, while 1900 are still scattered
throughout the island.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
FATAL COLLISION
Passenger Train and Freight Come To
gether Oh Great Northern.

EVERETT, Wash, Oct. 21,-Skyko-
mish passenger local, westbound and
Great Northern, eastbound, freight
came together in a head-on collision this
morning near Monroe, killing Freight
Engineer J. Z. Hudson, Freight Fire
man A ". Restelle and Pat Sheridan,
and injuring Passenger Engineer Law
renee and Conductor Wetzell.
1t is alleged the wreck was caused
by the freight not leaving Monroe on
time. Several freight cars were demol-
ished
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
Caution!

Persons when travelling should exer-
else care in the use OF drinking water.
AS q safeguard it is urged that every
traveller secure q bottle of Chamber
lain's Collie, Cholera and Diarrhoea
Remedy before leaving home, to be car.
ried in the hand luggage. This may
prevent distressing sickness and annoy
irg delay. For sale by all leading
druggists.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
Troops Start After Utes.

CRAWFORD, Neb., Oct 2l,-Troops
A and D, and a detachment of troops
B and G of the Tenth cavalry entrained
here today for Gillette to compel tho
return of the Ute Indian band now in
that neighborhood Of the reservation.
Major Grierson is in command Of the
-rOnpS.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
Snncinl TO Tho Tribune.

DENVER. Colo, Oct. 21,-With an
excellent representation of students for
such stormy day. when the snow was
falling in binding thickness like, in
childrens fancy, it does in Mother
Goose fairy tales, and when the breezy
winds from the north were singing
songs in the bleachers, the University
of Denver football team went down be.
fore the onslaught Of their more ex
pericnced opponents composing the grid
iron warriors of the University of Utah,
under the tutelage of Coach Joo Mad
dock, yesterday at Denver University
athletic field. The score:
Utah Denver.
Anderson ..-- 80. lie. Steele Renick
Ray ...... ..-... lit. .........--, Ashly
Olsen ........ ...-...... Bowler
Narley ~-..-- ......c. ....-.... bardlnS
Bryant ...-.rt. ....----~.. Lleber
Peterson. ...... re Sablne
Pitt. Sutherland go. Oh ...-.-.. %. Wiley
Russell Brown .lh.b b. Wiley
McKenns .,.- -....r.h b. s....... Witrle
Benpion -. I. b, -Brusse
Summaries: Final score-Utnh 81, Denver
University o Touchdowns-Bennion 4.
Goals-Bennion 4. Offcols-C. Henry
feree: Smith ard Brown. unpires; Foley
(Denver University, head linesman. Time
OF halves-50 minutes.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-10-22
Irish Leader Dies.

ARMAGH, Ireland, Oct. 2l.-Edward
James Saunderson. Unionist member Of
parliament for Armagh north. who has
been critically i'll of pneumonia at Cas-
lie Sauuderson, died today, aged 50
The San Francisco call., 1906-10-02
HELP wANTEp-MALE-contlnuea.

HELP WANTED-MALE-C
A. MURRAY & READY,
Leading Employment and Labor Agents,
Formerly 634 -636 Clay St, San Francisco,
Now Located at
469 SIXTH ST.. OAKLAND,
TENTH AND MARKET SITS, SAN FRANClSCO.
Phone Special 6J6.
FREE FARE-FREE FARE.
OREGON
NEYADA-ARIZONA
BORDERS OF OREGON
SHASTA AND SISKIYOU
stone masOns, good wages; FREE FARE
TO THE BEAUTIFUL YOSEMITE
FREE FARE
-MERCED-FRESNO-
SANTA Cruz BY THE SEA
s. P r. R., Ocean Shore r. R., Western Pa
clhe R. R.. North Shore r. R., Yosemite K
r.. .Riparia and Lewiston.
5000 laborers. drillers tunnelmen. rockmen.
hammer men, power men, trackmen. teamsters,
section hands aud carpenters helpers on above
work.
SHIP DAILY-FREE FARE
AND. TO THE BEAUTIFUL SOUTH
SAN BERNARDINO CO., VIA
LOS ANGELES
s. Z. r. r. co.
DRILLERS-C0RNER MEN.
Muckers and laborers to go south.
MURRAY & READY, 469 Sixth ST., Oakland.
Market and Tenth sts., San Francisco
The San Francisco call., 1906-10-02

CUTTING & GUM. Inc.
Pacific Employment Agents
Ala Seventh. Oakland. Sc Jackson S. F..
Hop pickers. Sonoma Co.. S1.15 per 100 pounds
FREE FARE-Sacramento. Freeport. Wyo-
ming, Merced, Oroville. Weed, Gazelle, Mon
tague. Niles. Midway. Cayley. Altamont. Santa
Cruz. San Luis Obispo-Carpenters. bridge
work S4: helpers. $3.50; miners So; muckers
81. 80; laborers and teamsters. Berkeley. $780,
lots of other Jobs.
The San Francisco call., 1906-10-02

WANTED-BOYS.
Apply to general manager. NATHAN-DOHR- =
MANN. co. I52O-1550 Van Ness ave-, between
Pine and California SITS
The San Francisco call., 1906-10-02

AT MISS PLUNKETT'S. 1912 Sutter st.
Coachman for private family, $40 and found;
see party at this office.
Man and wife for private place. $50 and
The San Francisco call., 1906-10-02

FREE FARE-OREGON
MILIS-YARDS-WOOD
so laborers. no experience required: sawmill
company Oregon $40 and I'd. FREE FARE.
Pony sawyer. $50: free fare.
FREE FARE-N0RTHERN CALIFORNIA
AND BORDLnS' OF OREGON.
80 laborers. mills. yards and woods; north;
$40 and found. FREE FARE
MURRAY & READY, 469 Sixth st.. Oakland.
Market and Tenth sts.. San Francisco.
The San Francisco call., 1906-10-02

YOUNG men. from is TO 20 years to learn the
crQckery business with good prospects for ad-
vancement- Apply to general manager. NA-
THAN -DOHRlfANN Co. 152O-155O Van Ness
ave-. between Pine and California sts-
The San Francisco call., 1906-10-02

DON'T FORGET
$50 BEDS AT HOME, -
TO SAN FRANCISCO TO SLEEP.
MURRAY & READY have opened their hrst
workingmen's lodging house, with $50 beds
Tenth and Market sts., s. F., and the price Is
only % cents per night.
We are going TO do something else for you
MACHINISTS. FREE FARE
ELECTRICIANS, FARE PAID
CARPENTERS. FARE PAID
BLACKSMITHS, FREE FARE
LEVERMAN, FREE FARE
more machinists. south. ss.75; free fare;
electricians. country factory, $3.50 day.
fare paid.
paid.
Leverman. steam shovel. north, SIS and 3D..
Camp blacksmith. free fare.
CARPENTERS.
1S4 carpenters for house work. plain ana m
ishing, bridge and trestls work. rebuilding
San Francisco, ETC.. from $3.50 to IS per day.
25 carpenters helpers, $3.50 day.
cement hnishers. Oakland
day; 10 painters. house and plain work. S4 and
3d. millwrights, country, So day, fare re-
turned; belt man, country factory. So day. fare
paid; camp blacksmiths and helpers, - day
and $40 and found; plasterers, 50 70 81 day
plumbers. Sc day; machine hand. eountry
planning mill; timers; solderers; 10 box
FREE FARE =.
Edgerman, 500, free fare; waterman, sawmill
BLACKSMITHs. ETC.
% blacksmiths. shops, ranches etc, 500 10
SO and found; Is blacksniths helpers; wheel
wright for camp, etc.
MURRAY & READY, 46s Sixth St. Oakland
Market and Tenth sts.. 5. f.
The San Francisco call., 1906-10-02

" : - o.. AIIlullHLlc, UOI1eSfIc WIire- Slnrl--'
tailor- nuttonhole. shoe repairing ana ofhsrs
new and second hand repairing sllaraneees
g. PI-AMBECK- 34e9 Goth st. near Nrissien rsu-
AA-STNGIR and Wheeler < ,TfISor ~.,--1- -
chine store for shopping district f5.s- Sfc,s
new ami -d-hand machines. rented. repaired'
NATIONAL. Automatic. White Standard -.-s--
makes. rented. repaired etc 8 C,f0frrS.s
SoNS Phone West 57ei. 1916 o. SsrreII r. =
SINGER. Wheeler & Wilson Sf,-- ---------------
located 2507 Market ST. mr. 18th: snn,ii .sas.y =.
chimes rcnted repaired Phone SDer5si III N nA-
AFTER June !. Domestic : NJ ~. tess 80
rel 81. near Fillmore. mail orders win bsx.
SINGER and Wheeler x Vyf1S-77- e-----,-- -.
ter, now Bush and Van Ness; tel. Emerr. ss1s- az.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-07-19
WILL OPEN OLD TUNNEL.
South Columbus Management Begins
Work of Clearing.

Work on clearing and Strengthening out
the old tunnel in the South Columbus in
Alta commenced yesterday. A good sized
force of men was put at this work and
within a few weeks they will have the
famous tunnel in shape. The South Co
lumbus adjOins the Columbus COnsoli-
dated.
The South Columbus was at one time
considered one of the greatest mines in
the state of Utah, yielding a $500 ore.
When the little camp was deserted be-
cause of snowslides, work in the prop
erty was stopped. An 1,190-foot tunnel
had been yielding rich ore. Nothing has
been done in this since the palrny days
of Alta.
The tunnel will now be cleared. cleaned
and put into firSt-clasS shape to permit
prospecting. Utah men who have unlim-
tied confidence in the Alta district and
particularly in the Columbus region, pre-
dict the opening of an immense ore body
in the South Columbus. Some work has
been under way at this mine, tunnel
being driven into the mountain at a
point several hundred feet below the
abandoned tunnel
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-07-19
RICH COPPER IN
BEAVER MINE
Strike Is Made in Harrington
Hickory of 81 Per Cent
Ore.
WATER STOPS OPERATIONS
PUMP is NOW ON WAY TO THE
PROPERTY.

with ore carrying "a per cent copper in
addition to its silver and lead values I'M
covered in the bottom of the Conner shaft
of its Harrington-Hickory mine at a depth
of over 400 feet, the management of the
Majestic company's Beaver county mines
would probably be celebrating now were
1t not for the treatment received at the
hands of pump manufacturing firm. The
character of ore mentioned was encoun-
tered nearly ninety days ago, but with it
came a flow of water that called for the
installation OF a pumping plant One was
ordered under a guarantee of delivery
within three weeks. Excuses have fol-
lowed each other for the delay until it
finally became a chestnut, so Superinten-
dent Nicols cancelled the order and
jumped into the market at Denver and
now has a complete station pumping out
fit of 800 gOllanS per minute capacity en-
route to the mine.
Managing Director +. E. AbercrOmbie
who, accompanied by F., II. Dowse of BOs-
ton. returned from the mines a day or two
ago and yesterday spent several hours
at the New England properties in Bing-
ham, stated that the rich copper ore was
encountered while cutting out for a sta
ton, and it had not been since possible to
learn a thing of what it would amount to,
owing to the flow of water that came in
at the time. That such sensationally high
grade ore is making its appearance at wa
ter level in the property is regarded with
a sense of satisfaction by the manage
ment commensurate with its significance.
Before the week is over it is expected
the pump Will be received and within a
few days it is expected to have the water
out of the workings and the mine placed
in shape for the further prospecting of
the discovery Mr. AbercrOmbie will prob
ably remain here until the pumping plant
has been installed, though he is anxious
to get back to Boston.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-07-19
BARRED FROM NEW YORK.
Nevada Stocks Must Be Traded in
Elsewhere.
Especial to The HeraldD

Goldfield, July 1S.- Wall street has
aimed three distinctive blows at Nevada
mining stocks within as many months,
and her latest move seems most effective
of all.
The construction just placed by the New
York state authorities on the stock tax
law, which cOmpels the payment of a
tax of cents per share on all stocks,
whether the par value is 81 or 800,
whether selling at cents per share or
s2.000 per share. has resulted in the an
utilization of the New York mining ex-
change, and the establishment in Jersey
City, by New York mining stock brokers'
of what is called the Jersey City club
Trading on the New York curb has also
been stopped.
The tax exceeds commission charges il
practically all cases. and in some in
stances, where mining stock of the par
value of 81 is selling as low as cents
per share. the tax practically amounts to
confiScation of the issues
The immediate effect of this will be to
reduce the number of transactions in
mining shares i'm New York, and increase
the business of Philadelphia, Boston and
other eastern mining stock centers, and
incidentally bring fair part of the bust
ness to western markets.
The tremendous decline in mining stocks
since the San Francisco calamity has no
parallel in the history of Nevada, and
yet. not a Nevada bank, broker, promoter
or mining company has failed, and in the
face of ii all the new mining camp of
Manhattan has witnessed the bringing
into the camp of more costly hosting
machinery and other apparatus to prose-
cute mining on d large scale.
Tonopah Mining company shares, which
sold at their par value of 81 only five
years ago. are earning dividends at the
rate of l2O per cent per annum on the
cOmpanys entire capitalization, and the
shares are selling at above SIS Other
mining companies of TOnopah and Gold
field are paying dividends, and score
of companies whose shares sold short
time ago for cents are selling for dollars
now. 1t is anticipated that Bullfrog and
Manhattan will soon repeat the history
of Tonopah and Goldfield. If one thing
is more remarkable than any other under
the circumstances, ii is that the average
price of Nevada mining stocks today
three months after the San Francisco
disaster. is higher by 40 per cent than il
was six months ago, although consider
ably lower than it was the day before the
San Francisco earthquake, because on
that day Nevada was in the midst of an
unprecedented boom, and mining stocks
we're selling at their highest levels.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-07-19
MINING STOCK EXCHANGE.
New York Leads in Selling-Alta
Stocks Changes Hands.

Trading was confined to open boards in
yesterdays morning and afternoon calls
During this trading 81, $50 shares repre-
senting selling value of SO. 139. 90 changed
hands. Reports of a continued improve
ment in the New York at Park City made
this stock strong and the most active in
both sales During the day over 5000
shares We're bought around the SOC mark
South Columbus Cons neighbor at Alta
figured in the transactions Columbus
Consolidated sold in small blocks from
$3.50 to $40. The regular call in the fore
noon was unusually light, but 800 shares
OF New York being sold. The afternoon
regular call was also light
Following is the list of final quotations
and record of sales made during the two
regular and open board calls:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-07-19
Metal Nj arkets.

New York. July 1S-There was a decline
of 81 5s in the London market for spot
tin, which closed at 91S6 Us cd. Futures
were 81 Is id lower at &166 Jos. Locally
the market was lower in sympathy, with
spot quoted at $36.25d3635.
Copper was Us I'd higher in the Lon
don market, with spot closing at $50 is
Cd and futures at e79 lis sd. Locally
the market was reported dull and more
or less nominal Lake was quoted at
SIS. 37126I1S.75: electrolytic, $lS.OODlSJ0:
casting, s17.75d1S0O
Lead was unchanged at 1915 in the To-
cal market The London market was Is
Cd higher at FIG los.
Spelter was unchanged in both markets.
closing at e26 15s in London and $3.50
500 locally.
Iron was a little higher in the English
market, with standard foundry quoted at
sos Id. and Cleveland warrants at sos 412d.
Locally iron was steady at the recent ad-
vances. No. 1 foundry northern is quoted
at SIS. 5OG1900; No. 2 foundry northern,
SIS. OGG1S.50 No. / foundry southern. $3.50
d1S25; No. 2 foundry southern, $1,000
HIS
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-07-19
CONDITIONS
ARE IMPROVING
Raise and Wine at New York
Being Cut on 700 foot Level
Good Ore in Sight.
WATER Is SUBSIDING
DRIFTING HAS BEEN DONE FOR
100 FEET.

The steady Improvement at the New
York in Park City figures prominently
in the news coming down from that camp.
The vein uncovered some time ago on the
1Oo-foot level appears to be a long one,
ana while not spreading beyond four feet,
mas made the management more than en-
couraged. The company has drifted 100
feet on the 700-foot level already, follow
ing this vein, which carries with it from
eight to twenty inches of first-class ore.
Samples brought down from Park show
the stuff to be in the 500 per ton class
hence the hopefulness felt by those whose
dollars, time and labor have been spent
upon the mine
Shipping was commenced yesterday
and the company expects TO ship 100 tons
before a week has passed. said F. A
Davis yesterday. With work going
ahead along the new vein, steady ship
ping will be kept up. The 700-foot level
was flooded some time ago, and this kept
the miners from following the ore un-
covered. The water has gone down below
depth OF 100 feet and both raising and
sinking have been started. A raise of
fifty feet shows ore and a winze about
forty feet deep does likewise
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-07-19
Mining Notes.

Nine cars from Tintic and fifteen from
Nevada were released from the Taylor
BruntOn sampler yesterday.
James NJ Lockhart of Ely. New, arrived
tend the funeral of his little son, Mil
ton.
Manager Sidney NJ. Bamberger of the
Fortuna and Bingham Mary at Bingham
left yesterday for Alaska on a short
vacation trip.
Two cars from Stockton, two from
Bingham, two from Nevada and one car
from Tintic were reported at the Pioneer
sampler yesterday.
j. r. Rand. president of the South
port Mining company of Stockton, is Gy-
pected to reach Salt Lake from the east
within a few days.
President Ford Correll of the Correll-
Wilson company left last night for Hum
bOldt county, where the company has
several promising prospects.
l.. A Jeffs of the Alta-Quincy went to
Alta yesterday TO look over the workings
i'm that camp. He will return to Salt
Lake in a few days.
Secretary George w. Lambourne of the
Daly-Judge has returned from a trip to
Park City, where he found conditions at
the mine in every way gratifying.
Sam NJ. Levy. manager of the Annie
Laurie, will resign that POSITION to accept
one with the National Development com
pany, it is stated. President Baird of
the Gold Mountain property admitted that
Mr. Levy intended to leave the Annie
Laurie but will not do so until sue
ceSSor can be found
Clarence Dresser, who graduated two
years ago from the University of Utah,
returned yesterday from New York where
he has been taking a postgraduate course
in mining engineering in the Columbia
university. He spent two weeks visiting
the copper mines in the Wisconsin and
Michigan regions while en- route to Salt
Lake.
The second payment of Importance on
a group of claims in FairvieW was made
yesterday by Salt Lake men who will
operate the properties under the name
of the Empire State Nevada Mining COM
pany. The claims adjoint the Fairview
Central. ore worth $3.50 per ton was I'M
covered at a depth of twenty feet in the
latter mine. Tunnels have been driven in
the claims being bought by Salt Lakers
and ore of good quality found.
Grant Snyder of the National Devel-
cpment company returned TO. Salt Lake
yesterday from Nevada. where he has
been making an extended trip through
different mining camps. He visited Fair
view, Yerrington, Lovelock and Goldfield
1.-The state is looking for an era of great
prosperity" he said. 1.-THE excessively
hot weather is nIakink conditions rather
quiet When the heated season is over
prospecting viii be commenced in earnest
and many new bOnanzaS opened"