davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07
STRUCK BY An ENGINE.
Conductor Geo. T. knight Injured at
Attica Monday. Taken to Santa Fe
Hospital at Topeka.

iouIeOi 0eo. 1 f. AnlSnt OF TINS
city was struck by one of the Santa
re engines at Attica on Monday at
noon breaking one arm and crush
ing his breast and badly bruising
his head Mr.. knight was cross
ing the track in front of the incom-
ing west-bound Santa Fe passenger
on the main line near the Attica
depot when the engine struck him.
Some of the bystanders say that
he did not see the train and Others
say he thought he could easily cross
in front of the engine; his ac-
tlons showed one or the other of
the conditions to be true. When
the engine struck him it threw him
a distance of between 80 and 40
feet, and how he lived at all is lit
tie short of a mystery.
Local physicians at Attica Dress
ed his wounds as quickly as pos
slble and he was at once placed on
a Santa Fe special made up at At
tica and hurried to Topeka for at
tention in the Santa Fe hospital.
Levi Groves and wife, the injured
mans son-in-law and daughter,
left for Topeka to be at his bed
side, Monday night. At the time OF
printing yesterday EVENING" moth
ing was heard from them and hence
at this writing it is not known
whether he is living or dead, but
the opinion of physicians and Others
who saw him at Attica is that it is
impossible for him to recover. 1t
is said that the skull injury alone
is sufficient to cause death. Mr..
Knight is past seventy years of age
and while his constitution is quite
rugged, the shock is probably more
than he can withstand. He was
last heard from at Wellington
Monday evening and at that time
was still unconscious.
The news of this accident was a
great shock to the people of Medi-
cine Lodge. Mr.. Knight has been
conductor on the Medicine Lodge
branch more than fifteen years and
by his uniform kindness and cour-
tesy has had warm place in the
hearts of everyone who ever had
occasion to beone of his passengers.
Mr.. knight enjoyed his work.
From a financial point of view he
could have retired many years ago
but to him railroading was fasci-
nation and he never could be happy
out of the harness.
We trust that this good citizen
and honored, beloved and faithful
conductor may yet be spared to his
loved ones and friends.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

B. F. Blackmore of Sharon de-
parted last week for Francis, Ar
kansas, where he will remain in
definitely. The Index follows him
to keep him posted on Barber
county events,
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

AS springtime approaches there
is one thing to be thankful for.
There will be no city election.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

J. {. Walstad and daughter,
Miss Mary, returned Monday from
their visit in Texas.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

Mrs. ]. H. Minick was very sick
the latter part of last week but has
about recovered again.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

Claude E. Walter went to Wei.
lington Monday to secure another
job at some Santa Fe station.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

There is nothing new in the rail-
road situation. Barber county peo-
pie continue to hope and trust.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

High Patent Flour, $2.25 per
hundred, at H. T. Woodward's s.
Son.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

The best ever: w. ]. McNeil's
Honolulu Minstrels. Hear them
at the opera house and you will
pronounce them the best minstrels
on the road.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

]. B. Harbaugh of Nippawalla
township was soliciting stockhold
ers in the city Saturday for the Bar
Der county rural telephone which
is about to add another line con-
Meeting the country between Kio-
wa and Medicine Lodge. 1t is the
intention of the company to secure
switching privileges at this point
with several other companies. Mr..
Harbaugh says he did not meet
with as much encouragement here
as he hoped to, but he thinks they
will secure q sufficient subscription
soon.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

DR.. Donovan reported some i'm
provement in the condition of w.
A. Myers yesterday.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

The M. E.. Ladies Aid Society
will give St. Valentine Tea at
the home of Mrs. A. D. Shaw on
the afternoon of the 14th.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07
The Honolulu Minstrels tonight

Geo. Woodward is back at his
accustomed place in the store.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

w. L. Parsons has just complet-
ed a substantial addition and put
on a galvanized iron roof on H.
H. Cases beautiful residence prop
erty on Lincoln avenue east.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

N. ]. Hanson, representative Of
the Spaulding Buggy Co., was ar
rested one day last week by Sheriff
Haun, for peddling in the county
without license, contrary to an
act of the legislature of 1901, which
provides that non-residents must
pay a license of $50 month for
selling goods in any county in the
state. When the matter came on
for hearing it was found that the
law>had been declared unconstitu-
tional by the supreme court and
Mr.. Hanson was excused and ex.
GENERATED. The supreme court de-
cision holds that a law of that
character can not discriminate be-
tween residents and non-residents
and is therefore void.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

Waldron Chase is being kept
pretty busy these days with tele-
phone business, saying nothing OF
his other affairs. Last Wednesday
and Thursday he was at Lake City
and put the exchange office in
Hastings g. Lakes store and on
Monday he was at Isabel to make
a deal with John r. Wheatley,
the local telephone man at that
place, to connect Isabel with Medi-
cine Lodge.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

F. D. Elliott and wife leave to.
day for Lehigh, Indian Territory.
Mr.. Elliott is on deal for a cement
block manufacturing outfit and if
he makes the deal he will establish
himself in the lumber, brick and
cement block business somewhere
in the territory, probably at Tulsa,
in which event he will withdraw
from the V. S. Cook mercantile
store here. If his present plans
mature he will be back in the
course of two or three weeks to
close up some business matters be-
fore taking charge of his new busi-
ness in the territory. Their Medi-
cine Lodge friends will be sorry to
lose Mr.. and Mrs. Elliott from
among the business and social cir.
cles Of the city.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

Henry ]. Hanson, assistant CASH
ier of the Citizens State Bank,
went to Sharon Monday to take
charge of the Sharon Valley State
Bank while Cashier Hobble of that
place is visiting his mother and at
tending to business at Dodge City.
Henry will return the latter part of
next week.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

The Rathbone Sisters entertain
ed their husbands and a number of
other invited guests at the K. P.
hall last Thursday night. Music,
dancing and cards and a nice sup
per constituted the enjoyment.
They had a great time.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

w. S. Rhoades was very danger
ously i'll with sciatic rheumat ism
and heart trouble few days last
week. At this writing, we are glad
to state, he is much better and is
considered outof danger. DR.. DON
ovan attended him.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

The Honolulu Minstrels tonight.
Geo. Woodward is back at his
accustomed place in the store.
High Patent Flour, $2.a5 per
hundred, at H. T. Woodward's s.
Son.
DR.. Donovan reported some i'm
provement in the condition of w.
A. Myers yesterday.
]. c. Walstad and daughter,
Miss Mary, returned Monday from
their visit in Texas.
Mrs. ]. H. Minick was very sick
the latter part of last week but has
about recovered again.
Claude E. Walter went to Wei.
lington Monday to secure another
Job at some Santa Fe station.
AS springtime approaches there
is one thing to be thankful for.
There will be no city election.
There is nothing new in the rail-
road situation. Barber county peo-
pie continue to hope and trust.
The M. E.:.'Ladies Aid Society
will give St. Valentine Tea at
the home of Mrs. A. D. Shaw on
the afternoon of the 14th.
w. L. Parsons has just complet-
ed substantial addition and put
on a galvanized iron roof on H.
H. Cases beautiful residence prop
erty on Lincoln avenue east.
F. Cartan became a victim of
the mumps on Sunday. The popu.
lar malady seems to have partic-
ular grudge against the Cresset
force. 1t will be race r.
Messrs. Axline and Thompson for
the next attack.
The one -year-old daughter OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Gilpin of Elm
Mills township died last Wednes.
day, January 31st, after two weeks
illness with pneumonia. The
funeral was held on Thursday and
the little one laid away in the Elm
Mills grave yard. The sorrowing
parents have our most sincere SYM
pathy.
Charley Owen of Wellington
came in Monday to visit friends.
He was at Attica when Conductor
Knight was hurt. He says when
the engine struck Mr.. knight he
was thrown at least 40 feet. Char
ley helped put him in the car pre-
paratory to taking him to the hos
pital and he says there were indi-
cations of broken bones and bruises
all over the body.
The Index invites the attention
of its readers to the official hnan-
cial statements Of the Citizens
State Bank of this city, the State
Bank of Hazelton and the Sharon
Valley State Bank, published this
week. 1t will be noticed that these
banks carry individual deposits to
the amount of $24S,181.o3, and
their other business is prosperous
in proportion. Patrons of any of
these banks can be assured that
their business is in safe hands.
Waldron Chase is being kept
pretty busy these days with tele-
phone business, saying nothing of
his other affairs. Last Wednesday
and Thursday he was at Lake City
and put the exchange office in
Hastings g. Lakes store and on
M onday he was at Isabel to make
a deal with Tohn r. Wheatley.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

Rev. w. A. Cain, in renewing
his subscription, instructs us to
change his address from Abilene to
Caldwell, Kansas. He says he has
accepted call from the Baptist
church at Caldwell and. he and
Mrs. Cain expect to be in Cald-
we'll this week.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1906-02-07

F. Cartan became a victim of
the mumps on Sunday. The popu-
lar malady seems to have partic-
ular grudge against the Cresset
force. 1t will be a race +
Messrs. Axline and Thompson for
the next attack.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
DO CHRISTMAS BUYING EARLY
Stores Are Now Open Evenings-Bus-
mess Reported Unusually Large.

Either Christmas shopping is being
done earlier, in accordance with the
request of the merchants, or the hOli-
day trade this year is enormously
greater than usual. judging by the bus
mess of the stores Saturday evening
and for the last few days The stores
last evening were open for the first
time in the evenings, and all of the
merchants will keep their places of
business open every evening until
Christmas. TO accommodate those who
are unable to make their purchases
during the day. The stores are
thronged with customers throughout
the entire day and if the usual addi
tional rush of the last few days before
Christmas is experienced, the amount
of the holiday business. viii be eXcep-
tionally large.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
IS AGAIN CHAMPION
Frank Gotch Defeats Fred Be- ]
in a Return WrestI ng
Match.
NINS IN STRAIGHT FALLS
Wisconsin Man Wrigsles Out of Many
Bad Situations But Had no
Show.

Kansas City, Mo, Dec. 1S.-Frank
iotch regained his title of champion
:atch-as-catch-can wrestler of America
~ winning two straight falls from
fred Beell in Convention hall last
night Bell won the championship
title from Gotch at New Orleans three
weeks ago.
The match was cleverly fought from
the first gong and although Beel was
never dangerous his wonderful ability
10 get himself out of precarious posi-
tons and his aggressiveness made the
match a hard fought one.
Worked 10 Minutes.
The first fall came after 10 minutes
and As seconds of cautious work by
both men. Gotch secured the fall af-
ter a most sensational combination of
holds. Gotch picked his man up with a
crotch hold. threw him up over his
head and Bell fell on his back in a
body hold with his head held between
Gotch's legs. Beell bridged. but
Gotch's superior weight forced the lit
tie mans shoulders to the mat
In Many Bad Positions.
The second and winning fall came
after IS minutes and 16 seconds. Dur
ing this time Gotch had his opponent
in many positions from which it SEEM
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
Silver for COINAGE.

News, of more than passing impor.
tance is contained in a recent dispatch
announcing that the United States gov
eminent is to become a purchaser of
silver. 1t is estimated that one hun
dred thousand ounces will be required
each week. The fact that Hostetter's
Stomach Bitters is a positive cure for
ailments of the stomach, liver. kidneys
and bowels is news of great impor-
lance to every sick man and woman.
Is the appetite poor, sleep restless or
bowels constipated? Then don't fail
to try the Bitters at once It also cures
dyspepsia, Indigestion, nausea, head
ache, biliousness, female ills belching,
fiatulency or malaria Always keep a
bottle handy during the winter months
as a preventive of chills and colds.
Get it today, also ask your druggist
for free copy of our 1907 Almanac.
1t is well worth having.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
THE ORIGINAL KID
FARMER DEFEATED
Billy Papke Turns Trick at Peoria
Young Kid Farmer Finds
Victim.

Peoria, Dec 1S.-In the fiercest fight
ever seen before a Peoria club Billy
Papke of Spring Valley, knocked out
the original Kid Farmer of Chicago, in
six rounds last night. Smuggling and
| rough mixing by both men, with Papke
the stronger of the two characterized
the fight from the tap of the bell until
Farmer took the count in the sixth
round after standing a world of punish
ment
The Spring Valley boy had the adj
vantage of at least 10 pounds over
Farmer and his strength was what
beat the Chicagoan Farmer was clev-
er and willing and mixed fearfully with
his opponent, but Papke was too
strong and his repeated right and left
swings to the jaw told on the kid. In
the fourth and fifth round Farmer was
all but out and was holding on when
the bell tapped and it only took one
right to the jaw in the sixth to start
him Keeling again, but he was game
and stuck to the finish
Young Kid Farmer of Peoria had
easy work with Johnny Ritter of Chi
cago. knocking him out in the second
round of an unsatisfactory fight. Rit-
ter was no match for Young Farmer
nine from a left TO the jaw he was
counted out on a left to the stomach
and right to the jaw.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
JOLIET MADE PORT
Chicago Drainage Canal to be-
Extended to Penitentiary
Town.
BIG POWER PLANT THERE
Present Arrangement with Large Body
of Water Above City Held Con-
slant Menace.

Chicago, Dec. 1S.-Another section
of Chicago's deep waterway to the
gulf is to be constructed by the SAM
tary district, and in this process Joliet
will become an inland harbor, accessi
BILE to lake traffic.
The plans under consideration and
practically adopted also include the
erection of an enormous power plant
for the development of electricity
The estimated cost of the entire prop
osition is $2,000000, which the income
from the power plant will repay within
few years.
Have Acquired Land.
The necessity for extending the
drainage canal has been evident to the
sanitary trustees for some time, and
already they have acquired much OF
the property needed. 1t will be requir-
ed to secure title from the state for
that part of the right of way of the
Illinois and Michigan canal which runs
through Joliet, and only small por-
tion then will have to be acquired
from private owners.
Danger TO City.
The need for the extension is self
evident TO people living in Joliet, where
the immense amount of water flowing
the canal backs up Hickory creek, Il
small stream below the town, and
makes it menace in flood times. A
more distinct danger TO Joliet, however,
is the dam above the town which holds
a huge body of water at a higher level
than the business section of the city.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18

ton. The state has the power to abol-
ish those school entirely. and the fed
eral government would have no right
to lift its voice in protest. Upon the
other hand, the state may extend the
privileges of its schools to aliens upon
such terms, as it, the state. may elect,
and the federal government has no
| right to question its action in this re-
gard Primarily and essentially the
public schools are designed for the ed
| ucation of the citizens of the state The
state is interested in the education of
| its own citizens alone 1t would not
for a moment maintain this expensive
institution to educate foreigners and
aliens who would carry to their coun-
tries the fruits of such education.
Therefore, if it should be held that
there was a discrimination operating
in violation of the treaty with Japan
in the states treatment of Japanese
children, or even if a new treaty with
Japan should be framed which would
contain on behalf of Japanese subjects
the Observation-Disclosures clause this
could and would be met by the state,
which would then exclude from the use
of its public schools all alien children
of every nationality and limit the
rights of free education to children OF
its own citizens, for whom the system
is primarily designed and maintained,
and if the state should do this the fed
eral government could not complain,
since no treaty right could be violated
when the children of Japanese were
treated precisely as the children of all
foreign nations.
Warned by Hawaii.
''The feeling in the state is further
intensified especially in labor circles
by the report on the conditions in the
Hawaiian islands as contained in bulle-
tin 66 of the bureau of labor, depart
ment of commerce and labor. The
claim is made that white labor has
been almost entirely driven from the
Hawaiian islands. and that the Japan
csc are gradually forcing even the
small white traders out of business.
Secretary Metcalf. in addition to
dealing. with the exclusion of Japanese
children from the public schools takes
up the question of race prejudice in
general and presents a vast amount of
data relating to boycotts and personal
assaults.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
ANNOUNCE EXAMINATION
President of Aueustana Seniors Has
information on Rhodes Scholarship,

Anton Udden, president of the senior
class of Augustana college, has re-
ceived an announcement of the Rhodes
scholarship examinations to be held
Jan. II and Is. These examinations
are open to all graduates of the col
lege, and any who are interested may
secure full information from Mr. I'd
den. The subjects are: Translation
from Latin to English, Latin prose,
arithmetic, translation from Greek to
English, Latin grammar. Greek gram
mar, and algebra or geometry.
1t is suggested that an Augustana
alumnus might take the scholarship.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
JAPANESE EXCLUSION
Is LABOR ISSUE

Continued from Page One)
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18

ed impossible for Beel to extricate
himself, but the little Wisconsin
wrestler, by his wonderful strength
and cleverness, wiggled out of one af-
ter another. The finishing hold was a
crotch and half Nelson that had been
preceded by toe hold that had caused
Beell great pain and had put him in a
position so that Gotch could apply the
last hold
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
The
Earth
For Sale
With or Without a
House on 1t.

There are two reasons why
RIGHT NOW is the best time
to buy real estate in Rock Is
land.
First - Because both building
material and desirable lots are
going up every day, and will
never be lower in price than at
present.
Second - Because the winter
season is commonly regarded as
d poor time to sell real estate,
and people really wanting to sell
realize the necessity of making a
lower price in order to find a
buyer.
We can satisfy you on any
kind of a real estate deal in
which you may be interested.
It's our business, and we always
make good.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18

-.
May, 1871. 1875, 7S1s, 1885.
July, TN, rs, 771s, IT'S.
Corn.
December, Abs. 4214, 413s, AZ.
May, 431s, 43B, 433s. 43B.
July, A, 443s, A, 443s.
Oats.
December. 341s, 349s, 341s, 343s.
May, 361s, 36ss, SO, 36H.
July, 33%, 3394, 33A, 33A.
Pork.
January, 1897. 1902, 1896, 1884.
May, 1876, 1857, 1852, 1852.
Lard.
January, SIS, 8.77, SIS, SIS.
May, S.S7, $50, S.S5, S.S7.
Ribs.
January, $50, S57, $50, $50.
May, SIS, ST., $40, $40.
Chicago receipts - Wheat 80, corn
295, oats 237.
Northwest receipts - Wheat today
AS, last week 592, last year $50.
Liverpool opening cables - Wheat
unchanged, corn unchanged.
1870 p. m.-Wheat unchanged, corn
unchanged
Wheat closed q lower. corn un-
changed.
Estimated receipts tomorrow-Wheat
IS, corn 1S4, oats 124.
Chicago-Hogs, $4,000; cattle, 6,OO0;
sheep, $4,000
Kansas City-Hogs. 1900; cattle,
$4,000; sheep, 5000.
Omaha-Hogs, 1000; cattle, 1000;
sheep $500.
Hogs opened slow-MiXed 6.10O
6.371a; heavy. 6.1O06.35; rough, $3.50
COS; light, 6.1O@6.35.
Cattle opened steady.
Sheep strong.
$40 a. m-Mixed, G.10M6.3712;
heavy. 61O@6.35; rough, 5S5@G.O5;
light, G.1O@6.35; bulk, G.2O@G.35; pigs.
5.500G.30.
Clearances good.
Hogs estimated tomorrow. $4,000.
Cattle steady-Beeves. 3.9OG720;
cows and heifers, 125@5.OO; stockers
and feeders, 2.6O@44O; westerns, 4.75
@7S5.
Sheep strong.
Hogs closed strong and shade higher.
Top $6.40. Cattle good strong others
dull.
New York Stocks.
New York, Dec. 1S.-Following are
the opening. high, low and closing quo
tations on the market today:
Rock Island preferred, 65A. 651@,
65, 65.
Rock Island common, SO1s, 3O3s,
29H. 29H.
st. Paul, 1874. 1874, 1873, 1857.
Missouri Pacific, 935s, "a, 931a. 1885.
AtchisOn common, 1875, 1037s, 1O1 u,
1O2.
Canadian Pacific. 1861, 1877, 1925,
1925.
Illinois Central, ia. ia, 172, 172.
Union Pacific, 1882, 1S4, 1907
1907.
Southern Pacific, 9sA, sa4, s21S,
1925.
Southern Ry., 1895. $685.. 327s. 1915.
Texas Pacific, 81, 81, S61A, 361A.
Pennsylvania, A13T4a, 1873, 1864,
1868.
N. Y. Central 1909, 1909, 12S14,
129.
Wabash preferred, AIS, 411S, Al. Al.
B. & O., 1917, 1919, 11S%, 1898.
Reading, 143%, 1851. 1922, 1895.
Erie, AIS, 441s, 43, 43.
L. e N, 146. 146, 14416, 1441k.
n. & w, 81, Gig. 9O94, 9O%.
c. & o., Sc, 56s4, 5594, 55A.
NJ. X. T. preferred, ~, -, II, 711k.
NJ. K. T. common, 4OA, 4O7s, 4O7s,
4OH.
Sugar, 1888, 1888. 1929, 1885.
b. R. T., sos. SOS, 1879, 1875.
Gas, SO, SO. 9434, 9516.
Shelters, 15O1a, 15O1A. 149, $50.
Copper. 1888, ia. 1925, 1129s.
c. F. l., sc, sc. 55, So.
U. S. Steel preferred, 1045s, 1G47s,
1O37s, 1O37s.
L. S. Steel common, AS. As, 471s,
47as.
A. C. & F.. 43, 43, 4214, 425.
National Lead, IS. rs, ~, 70.
Locomotive, .711a. ~, 711s, 71H.-
A. N c., 2S7, 2S7, 2S61a. 2S615.
Pressed Steel, 81, "a, 533l, 53A.
Republic Steel common. 80. SO, 37%,
}7%.
Wisconsin Central, so, so, so, so.
o. & w, Az, AS, Al. AZ.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-12-18
THE MARKETS.

Chicago. Dec. 1S.-Following are the
market quotations today:
Wheat
December, 7SA, 74as, 73A, 743s.