Durango semi-weekly herald., 1906-12-17

eliminated from them. Girls do this
work by the aid Of wire screens.
through which the dust siIfts. They
also sort the rags into different coIors
ana cut the buttons Off the garments.
After the rags are cut up into pieces
two inches long they 20 into n wash.
Ing tub, where thew are stirred nv
means OF revolving machinery care
being taken that no dirt shall be
ground into the fiber. The pulp In
rms form may be bleached by
bleaching powder which, Irrespective
or Its former color brings 1t to a
creamy white. Next the pulp goes
INTO the beating machine. where IL is
thoroughly cut M and mixed by me.
ch"nieal knives, Here the coiorlug
and sizing are put in before II is
ready for the wonderful paper.makIng
machines.
Where the pulp is made from wood.
the logs are brought from the acres
of log piles about the factory and
sawed into short lengths and. by, an
ingenious device. the bark Is strip.
PEG from each one Next the lengths
OF wood are ground Into mere chips.
after which they 20 to the dlgesters
| -huEe tanks-where they are dis.
solved by cooking with sulphurous nc.
Id. One of the digesters Will thus
handle ten or twelve tons in n dav
Next as in the case of the rags. the
pulp Is bleached and washed and car
ried Into the midst Of the revolving
knives OF the beaters. and the color.
ing and sizing added. The tlnts and
colors OF the finished product depend
| upon It's treatment here The sizing
which Is put into 1t at this point keeps
the finished product from absorbing
the ink which we apply In writing
letters. or. If book paper. In printing
upon it. From the beaters the pulp
Is placed in what are known as STUFF
chests and Is kept agltated until II
comes time to pump 1t into the paper
machines
From this point the early making
OF the paper proper by hand In easily
understood. and the modern automat
ic method Is even more Interesting.
Before the introduction of the auto
matte method, the fiber as Il came
from the heating machine, was laid
oui into a wire sheet upon wire
seiyc which acted as n mold, at the
same time allowing the water TO
drain Off. The pulp, thus in the form
Of wet sheet. was turned out upon
a felt and pressed out into the de
sired thickness. II Is said that the
paper used by Benjamin Franklin for
printing purposes was made in this
way
The machine which has taken the
place of this crude and slow process
receives the pulp upon moving end
less wire cloth which Is supported by
a series of metal rollers so set that
perfectly even surface Is maintained
BY a lateral motion OF the rolls, the
tibers are simultaneously made to in
terlace. As the pulp hastens on.
much of the water which II contains
passes through the meshes OF the
wire cloth and. soon, the web OF pulp
comes to rollers covered with felt,
and here leaves the wire cloth for a
Journey upon endless rolls of woollen
felt 1t is carried between the rolls
of several presses and then onto
heated cylinders where the paper is
dried.
To give the paper glossy or glazed
surface or other finished appearance,
II next goes through machines
known as calendars The calendars
are equipped with peculiarly adapted
metal rolls arranged one above an
other in several tiers Through these
the paper passes under pressure. The
paper comes from the machines in
webs sometimes as great as 100 inch
es in width and often at "A speed OF
800 feet per minute. The wide rolls
are next split into narrow ones and
re wound. The fine grades of paper
of course, require a very high inish
and this extra smoothness Is given
by means of super-calendars In the
super-calendars the rollers are alter
nately OF iron and compressed paper.
The machines which cut the rolls
Of paper into sheets can be set for the
very many different sizes desirable
The sheets as cut are delivered by
system OF tapes onto tables which
stand about two and a half feet high.
girl at each one OF these tables
scrutinizes each sheet. and her train
ed eye quickly discovers defect or
spot. no matter how rapidly the ma
chimes are running. Zach defective
sheet is thrown Into large box at the
left OF each girl.
Tho paper which Is to be ruled now
goes in the various sizes to an auto
matte machine equipped with finders
which are little short OF being human
in their activities. The sheets are
placed In pile at one end of the ma
chine within reach of the mechanical
fingers. which pick up one sheet at
time with great rapidty and send 1t
on its way to little wheels. the fine
edges of which act as pens In marking
the lines. As the sheets, one by one,
come In contact with these little
wheels. they are ruled on both sides.
another set OF circular pens from be-
meath. working in unison with those
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