davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06

adventure, hardship and freedom which
is quite apart from the commonplace ex-
istence of milking ten cows and plow-
ing in the east 40. There is among
these a high percentage of the stuff Of
which heroes are made.
These COW punchers of the Dakota
range find conditions changed. but they
still ride their line" Centaur-like by
day with lariat at saddle horn, and
stand night guard for two hours to hold
the punched cattle against stampede or
storm. The unseen prairie dogs hole
turks for his pony's leg. the wild ride
Ito bend" the stampeded herd may end
in the dark with a broken neck at a .'cut
bank" over which he and his horse
tumble headlong. His tarp and q
'sugin" or two may serve for a bed
when the ground is cold and wet and
there is no mess wagon within a half
days ride. But he shows the stern il
usually rough stuff of a hero when he
crawls out of a steaming bed with the
mercury at zero and a blizzard whipping
the mess tent, that he may stand his
guard two hours in the cold.
From the day in early spring when
the roundup wagons start out, perhaps
toward Twin Buttes in the cut bank
country Of Butte county, or down the
White river to the Bad Lands, his life il
a hard and busy one. The night is not
gone when the roundup cook calls the
men. It requires from 10 to 20 horses
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06

IN knowing the sacrifices and hard work
he and each of those dear to him must
face in a new country" The doctor
will be 20 or more miles away, the school
will be perhaps miles for his children.
But his square shoulders and calloused
hands tell how he expects to win the
means for future comforts, and he has
seen other new countries in 10 or 20
years transformed to prosperous farm
ing regions. And he plods resolutely on.
: There is still another railroad line
which will enter the great region Of Da-
kota west of the river" The officials
OF The Chicago, Milwaukee & st. Paul
have said their line west from Aber-
deem in the n~orthernmost tiers of coun-
ties would go west from Evarts, the
present terminus. At present a great
region comprising roughly 5000, 900
acres, is closed to settlement of white
men for the Cheyenne and Standing
Rock reservations of the Sioux Indians.
The allotment of these lands will begin
next spring. Each Sioux Indian will
choose his land. The amount of the
reservation remaining will be opened
to settlement. Some Of the best land Of
the range will thus be put to the white
mans use. West of the reservations
lies Butte county, a great empire in it.
self, with Ignite coal for settlers fuel
and wide meadows for pasture and
farm.
So it is expected that the Milwaukee
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06
AMONG THE

One thousand four hundred and
twenty-five characters r described
n the "a books written by Charles
Dickens.
The rule followed by editors Of both
the-Oxford and Cambridge Chronicles in
the position Of the letters A. N. and NJ.
A., for the title master Of arts, is that
where the context is In Latin the form
is A. NJ, and where it is English, M. A.
The real name of Gabrielle d'Annun-
zio, the Italian novelist, is Rapagnetta-
His father-in-law was Duo De Gallese, q
Frenchman who received permission to
take that title on marrying the widow
II q former duke. The author Is now
trying to obtain divorce.
Once a year or so william Dean
Howells, the distinguished novelist,
drops into the Office of the Ashtabula
CO., Sentinel, rolls up his sleeves and
sets type for haitian hour. Mr.. Howells
began his career as a printers appren-
tice in the Sentinel Office, which was
then owned by his father. His knowl-
edge Of t%ypesetting has been of immense
value to him in his literary career.
John Kendrick Bangs, the author, who
for some years has been dividing his
time between Yonkers and New York, is
soon to become q c%ountryman again. Il
have b~lue-penciled city life," he said,
recently. my eye is on a farm in New
England, where l hope before long to be
able to provide al appreciative public
with limited editions of squab-chickens,
large paper turkeys and deckle-edged
eggs. And" he added, slyly, no item
in either class will 60 out without my
signature"
Miss Alice French chose her pen name
Of Octave Thanet in curious fashion.
Octave was the name of of her
schoolmates and was selected because it
gives no hint as to whether the person
who bears 1t is a a or a woman.
Thanet was adopted from a passing rail-
road car that Miss French CHANGED to
see and is pronounced with the accent
on the second syllable. Born and edu-
Gated in New England, the writer has
lived most of her mature life in the west
and In the south, which has made her
familiar with widely varying phases Of
American civilization. Her first maya
zine story was written and accepted in
1878.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06

east and soon the cars arrived loaded
with lumber and cattle and furniture.
Then the historic Deadwood trail
west from Pierre began to TEEN with the
wagons and the herds Of those going to
a new home further west" Each day
the numbers grew larger. When spring
arrives the Deadwood trail will e new
hundreds going to the claims or the
ranch homes along the Bad river or on
the rolling prairies Of the divide"
The covered wagons, like the prairie
schooners which crossed the great
American desert" in the ifties and six
ties and seventies and those which
reached eastern South Dakota in the
eighties will lumber, creaking, slowly
on their way.
There is the herd Of cattle from some
farm home further east, driven by the
father or q son on horseback. There is
the wagon with child faces peering from
the canvas cover, and the mother among
the swathed furniture piled within.
There is often q woman driving the la
boring team. So, too, there is the sec
ond wagon loaded with farm machinery
and tools, with an excited flock Of chick
ems in a big wire coop. Roped on behind
maybe is the baby cab. There are sacks
Of seed and some pigs.
But always there is the determined,
anxious face. The young man and his
bride may be going to . home s'ahead OF
the railroad" hopefully, bravely, but
their faces tell the pain Of partings md
s~elf-denials and new hardships.. The
tenant farmer may be taking his family
to a farm Of his own but his face is
clouded with fears and anxfeties that
he cannot avoid when he plods through
the granma grass at the side Of the trail
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06
WHO WILL BE FIRST TO GET INTO
"a GREAT NEW FIELD.
PASSING OF THE VNFENCED RANGE
he Building of New Lines Lures the Pioneer,
Revives the Scenes of Early Days and
Warns the Cowboy That the Free
Range Will Soon Be Ended.

a permanent line from White Clay
Buttes to the hills. It will be close to
the north wall of the Bad Lands, the
region of weird mystery to scientist and
to cowboy and Indian.
In advance of the trains over the new
lines hundreds or possibly thousands OF
new settlers poured through Chamber
lain during 1905. Some homesteaders
sold their claims and they were sold and
resold several times IN many cases.
Other land, still opened to entry, was
fled on and claim shacks by hundreds
rose like mushrooms. Those who got
land plowed for crops, harvested enor-
nous yields of corn, grain and vege-
tables from the new ground. Abundant
rains aided the rush, for newcomers
saw wheat stand as high as their shoul-
ders.
Intense excitement prevails in the
Black Hills and vicinity over the un-
certainties as to the route which will
be followed. Will it pass the hills at
the north as the Elkhorn line Of the
Northwestern now does, or at the south
through valleys which the government
engineers propose to irrigate? That is q
question.
The Northwestern extension came as
an abrupt surprise. Throughout the
summer the Milwaukee's work was be-
ing rushed and hundreds of men and a
track-laying machine were busy. 1t
was believed the Milwaukee would only
push a spur line to secure cattle and
sheep shipments beyond the one of set
tiers fences.
Suddenly Northwestern officials an
nounced that 100, 900 tons of steel for
track and bridges had been purchased!
I'VE will have trains running from
Pierre to the Black Hills in a year," they
said. Big crews Of engineers were hur-
ried into the field like a skirmish line
OF an advancing army. Levels were run
over an old survey, changes were made,
permanent stakes driven from Pierre
up the sinuous valley Of the Bad, across
the divide to the Cheyenne valley and
up a creek valley to the divide again
where it followed Box Elder creek to
Rapid City.
Forthwith the drama of pioneer days
was on at Pierre. Homesteaders chose
and filed on their claims, returned to
their homes through eastern South Da-
kota, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois and the
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06
,y.tne arrival Of the railroads two dec

~ me arrival Of the railroads two dec
edes ago..
Each part Of the state has achieved
f.me the hills for annual output OF gol
a sid, 0OO, 900, the agricultural countles
1or An output Of corn and grams ana
butter, eggs and beef.
The sudden dash which the TWO rail-
.cad. are making, with graders camps
strung up the White and the Bad riv-
an will completely change the south
nakota map. II also will transform the
cattle range"
rhe ring Of the sledge on the rail
.rika sounds the knell OF the big cattle
cntf,ts. marks the dawn Of farming a9d
mall rAnching throughout thousands
Z fertile sduare miles. And the ring
the sledge echoes the thud OF bisons'
noofs. the snap Of the s~tage-driver's six
snrse whip. the crack OF the Indians
me! Every rail spike stands for a new
Nome on se.the range"
soon there will be east and west lines
II railroad from Deadwood and the
y Hornestake mine at Lead direct to the
tate capital, Pierre, and to the lusty
owns and cities which have sprung up
n the railroad lines which for a cor
years paused Ut the Missouri river.
eDon the coal In Wyoming will be sent
- direct routes to the stores and boilers
Z Inc coalless regions east of the Mis-
mourf. Soon the long drives of sheep
cattle from the ranches will be OF
5has past. The fenceless range is being
enceds and the roundups soon will be
dthfn pasture posts and wires.
The Milwaukee b st. Paul has built
11l niles Of line west Of Chamberlain.
line has been located to White Clay
IT. engineers are scouting for
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06
TIE BRIDGE TO THE RANGE.

S0r q score OF years a pontoon bridge DER
the murk Missouri's tide
k1Aa echoed to the tramping hoofs from the
cattle empires side.
AAere, Tapped by swirling waters, It had
borne the herds to rail:
nao blistered in Dakota's sun or strained
to sudden gale.
But 9 the row of messy boats has yield
Cd to railway span,
FOR a tale Of wealth in the range beyond
was told by the trampling clan!
20 now with rails men bridge the stream
cross Dakota's great divide,
IWixt realm Of farms and sturdy towns,
from the rivers eastern side,
70 west where Craze by thousands. in
great meadows, lusty beeves,
And where for leagues the mourning wind
through demonstrated grasses
grieves-
It's thus the railway dares to go before
cen the pioneer ~.
Who will fence and plow In the virgin sod.
their hasty home rafters rear!
For years, beyond the floating bridge, blue
rooted by prairie sky,
q hills and wales were one time trod by
the bison swarming by,
= million hoofs were wearing deep the
trails across the range.
q Oft wal known the midnight raid,
with bloody deeds and strange!
BUT hark!! The blow Of ringing spike
sounds knell to the ranchman's peace,
That Dakota's empire Of grain hall grow,
and the old free range days cease!
Sioux Falls. s. D.-Two railroads are
racing construction crews across the
great western half of South Dakota.
After 20 years Of waiting, like grey
hounds long held in leash, each railroad
= bending every energy and resource
b the race from the eastern populous
half Of the state to reach the Black Hills
ahead Of its rival.
The Chicago, Milwaukee & st. Paul is
building west from Chamberlain, which
f. on the Missouri river in the second
tier Of counties from the south. It's line
follows the White river. Its western OBJ
jective point is the Black Hills now
the Pacific coast some day.
The Chicago & Northwestern is
building west from Pierre, the state
capital midway north and south, up the
Bad river. Each line will link 1.-The
richest 100 miles square in the world"
the Black Hills, surrounded by prairie
pastures, to the rich agricultural por-
ZION OF the state which was populated
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06
Our Products in Mexico.

In the city of Mexico American po-
tatoes sell for about 40 per cent. more
than Mexican potatoes. In she price
of fruits grown in both countries the
difference is still greater. Yet Mexico
has plenty OF soil adapted to growing
all kinds of II tits and vegetables. and
the range of climatic conditions is wide
enough to be suited to the products
of both the temperate zone and the
tropicA
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06
Cars Compliment.

Ambassador Meyer told at . lunch
eon in Washington a bon mot OF the
Russian emperor's. A beautiful Italian
gil was summoned to play the violin
at the winter palace. She was an ex-
cellent musician. Her performance wal
admirable. At the end, with a smile
and q little bow, the car said to her:
IF I were to shut my eyes while you
are playing I could fancy it was Ysaye,
but I much prefer to keep them opsn."
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06

to each rider to endure the pace he at
times may "hit" in the "circle" or Zine
riding" Of each day. Ahasty meal three
times a day and then to saddle or to
bed, with the night guard hours before
morning, that is the days routine!
With the fencing Of the range the
general roundup becomes more dificult
In the days of the few big outfits" and
fewer brands it was far more simple.
Now there are often q dozen to twenty
mess wagons with riders with each
wagon and with riders "reping" (rep-
~resenting) other brands to the number
Of 30 or 40. The movements Of the gen
eral roundup" are therefore ponderous
and not unlike the movements of an
army.
At the general roundup now are
representatives of scores of individ-
ual small ranchmen. The winter may
have scattered the cattle from the
Grand river, lea North Dakota, to the
Keya Paha river in Nebraska and all
the cattle must be found and each
brand "cut out" to be driven to his
summer pasture OF to market. With
the influx Of settlers, hundreds of new
fences will follow and the free range
will be restricted to aver narrowing
district, remotest from railroads. All
this will still 1urther complicate tho
"roundups" for the cattlemen.
The biggest fenced pasture Of the Da-
kota range now is that of the Lennon
outfit" whose brand is "L7" and whose
pasture comprises $4,000 acres Of
Cheyenne and Standing Rock Indian
lands. At times 80, 1000 head Of the LIZ
brand OF steers have grazed within its
fences. One could ride a week across
this pasture. It is several days journey
from the home ranch buildings log
house, log Office, corral and store house
TO the "east PASTURE it is an equally
long journey from the south to the
north fences.
of farming where the rainfall sometimes
is but 20 inches. knowledge Of stock
breeding and sheep feeding viii! be more
requisite on the range than a quick eye
for the &C cross" brand on a bunch Of
stray horses or for the Flying W. or
"Midiron" on a running steer. The day
has come when the ability ito ride any
thing on four legs" will not be priced SO
highly as ability to husk corn like \
human tornado.
The railroads paused on the border Of
the range until the time was ripe 70
cross, and now the road ranch may be
nucleus for a town, at the old stations on
the Bismarck and the Deadwood trails
many villages may spring up and neigh
bors will be less than a score Of miles
apart.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1906-01-06

Widely Placed.
"Your husband seems to have q very
affectionate disposition"
Good gracious! have you found it
,ut, too?"-Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The National tribune., 1906-05-31
SCIENTIFIC NOTES.

A wonderful compound is reported
from Europe which is claimed to con-
vert the exhaust from an auto into the
odor of choice flowers.
A very satisfactory soft solder consists
OF a mixture of two parts, tin and one
part lead.
The longest underground telephone
line in the world has recently been COM
pleted. and extends from New York City
to New Haven, Conn, distance of over
70 miles. If this system proves to be a
success, its extension to other cities may
be expected very soon.
BY means of ergograph measure
ments. M. Charles Ferre has found that
one-tenth more work can be done
standing than sitting, but that the great
er intensity of effort during long pc
riOd in the standing position is followed
at the end by more rapid fatigue.
Fog dissipation by electric discharges
has proven more effective when the fog
contains dust or smoke than when it is
water only, the solid particles seeming
to become charged and to be then re-
PEELED, precipitating particles of vapOr
with which they collide. With bundle
of spikes as radiator, a space of some
yards can be cleared in few seconds.
About 10 species of vegetable
sponges" are now cultivated in the
warmer parts of Africa and Asia. espe-
cially in Algeria. The fruit is edible be-
fore maturity, but on ripening the pulp
separates from the fibrous material.
which then becomes an excellent substi-
tute for real sponge for the toilet. bath
Algerian sponges are in large demand
in Paris
The National tribune., 1906-05-31
Rolled n Boiler Nine Miles,

A 125-horsepower boiler was rolled
nine miles from the railroad station IA
the Marine Hospital at Fort Stanton. N
NJ The process was very similar to the
movement of road roller. The roads
were too soft TO support a wagon with
such load, hence this unusual method
OF transportation was resorte6 to- Ryer-
sons Monthly says 1T was necessary
TO transport this boiler nine miles over
the plains and mountains In order 20
reach its destination, and as il was
found that the roads were in such con-
dition that they would not support a
wagon with any considerable load. {,
became very pretty problem to solve.
The boiler was finally rigged up as
shown In the illustration-a heavy pipe
being used as an axle and II mules fur
nishing the motive power, the boiler
being safely rolled the nine miles from
the railroad to the hospital, reaching
there none the worse for the rough
usage to which it was necessarily sub.
iected.
The National tribune., 1906-05-31
ENDURANCE TEST OF THE GAS PRO-
DUCER.

The United States Geological Survey
has been making some endurance tests
of the gas producer engine. The ques-
ton of stoppage to clean the engine
from the accumulation of tar oils car
ried over in the distillation is one of the
chief objections made to the use of the
gas producer engine. One of the Geo.
logical Surveys tests was made at st.
Louis, beginning March % and con-
tinuing for "a consecutive days. The
coal used showed upon analysis 14.6S
per cent moisture, 90.9S per cent of
volatile combustible, 1929 per cent of
fixed carbon and 11.41 per cent of ash,
including 1.3S per cent of sulphur. This
was used in Taylor pressure producer
plant of 250-horsepower capacity and
vertical three-cylinder Westinghouse en-
gine of 235-horsepower. The coal was
broken to about three-inch egg size and
delivered to the producer by belt con-
veyor. 1t was charged to the producer
at intervals varying from 25 to 80 min
utes, with each charge weighing $50
pounds. The gas passed out at tenn
perature of 644 degrees, passed through
water-seal dust collector and then to
the scrubber, and finally to centrifugal
tar extractor from which it went to the
engine. Calorimetric tests of the heat
value were made every 20 minutes. The
average heat value of the gas was 1861
british thermal units per cubic foot.
The tar extracted amounted to 143I
pounds for each ton of coal. The ashes
were removed about once every 4Sl
hours, without shutting down the plant.
and the engine ran in perfect order at
all times during the whole 81 days.
when a stop had to be made TO clean
the water-seal valve of deposit of tar.
The results show an average. of 1.39
pounds of coal consumed per horse
power per hour. a decidedly lower fig
ure than that obtained in the ordinary
way by steam.
The National tribune., 1906-05-31
To Write on Metals,

To write on iron, steel, silver or gold
mix together one ounce muriatic acid
and half an ounce nitric acid and use
as follows:
Cover the place on which you wish to
write with melted beeswax; when the
beeswaX is cold write the name or words
plainly with file point or an etching
needle, carrying 1t through the wax and
cleaning all the wax out of the letter
Then apply the mixed acids with
feather, carefully filling each letter. Let
the acid remain for from one to 10 min
utes. according to the appearance de-
sired; then put on some water, which
will dilute the acid and stop the process
Either of the acids separately would cut
iron or steel. but it requires the mixture
to take hold of gold or silver. After tna
acids are washed off, 1t is well to apply
a little OIL
The National tribune., 1906-05-31
Good whrtewn.h for oulburtdins..

Place one bushel good fresh lime in
barrel and add 20 pounds beef talIow;
slake with hot water. When the lime
Is slaked the tallow will have disap-
peared, having formed a chemical COM
pound with the lime. Dry coIors may
be added TO make any color desired.
Add the color before shaking the lime,
or. If after shaking, mix with alcohol and
then add to the strained wash. Thin
to flow nicely from the brush. coat
oil this wash will last as long ana look
almost as well as much of the lead paint
ussd- snS ---A- a na>-a .IiiA "a EaAkl
The National tribune., 1906-05-31
AN IVORY FAMINE.

Some of the people believe that an
ivory famine is at hand. There are many
things beside billiard balls for which
there is no substance so good as ivory.
and owing to the diminution of the
supply the price is constantly advanc-
Ing The standard billiard ball is worth
now sl4. where few years ago a set
could be bought for IS. The attempt to
make celluloid a substitute has not been
wholly successful. A pool ball can be
made Of celluloid. but not a billiard
ball Ivory is the most elastic substance
known. and has other qualities which
give 1t its value. The best substitute SO
far Is the ivory nut. which grows In
South America. 1t has less elasticity
than genuine ivory, but does very well
for piano keys. The world uses about
100000 pounds of ivory year, which
requires the killing of 10000 elephants.