davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
CAPITOL GOSSIP.
John Marshall Harlan.

Kentucky Democrats at the Capitol
frankly confess that they feel very
greatly relieved by the announcement
that MIR. Justice John Marshall Har-
Ian has decided not 10 retire from toe
Supreme Court and become the Republi-
can candidate for governor Of their State
next year. Justice Harlan is entitled to
retirement under the law, and under the
gratitude of his cOuntrymen. whom he
has served nearly thirty years with
fidelity in one OF the most important
positions in their service. But he is
welded TO the bench. and viii continue
to wear the robe Of his high office for
some time yet. He is vigorous physi-
Cally and intellectually. He made two
races for governor Of his beloved Ken
lucky when he was young, and in cir
cumstances that proved his courage and
great ability Descended from an old
line Of Wings. Justice Harlan. unlike
most other Southerners, did not join the
Democratic party when the Whig organ
iZation went 10 pieces before the civil
war Nor did he at first espouse the Re
publican party. Its abolltionism and
Olncr radical doctrines at that time uld
not meet with his approval, and so ne
was the leader Of a promising political
movement IN Kentucky which took as It's
name the Third Party. His first race Tor
governor was made as that paTty's can
didate In 1879 he entered the Repubh-
can party in full fellowship. and was
its gubernatorial candidate against the
Hon. James b. McCreary, who is now one
of kentucky's Senators. The canvass he
made was one of the most stirring and
notable in the history Of Bluegrass poll
tics. A SOutherner Of the old school, he
defied in every speech the radical eie-
ment Of Democrats 10 lay at his door the
charge Of ''turE-coat' or sympathy with
the Yankees This canvass gained for
him recognition I'm the national counsels
of the Republican party, and President
Hayes appointed him 10 the Supreme
Court after first Offering him the At
torney GeneraIship.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Good Match.

From the Chicago News.
Gentlemen" shouted the defeated can
didate, I may have lost this time. but /
have a white conscience.
Then you should be glad piped a
tough citizen in the first row.
''Glad Of what?"
THAT you have liver to match your
conscience"
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Whaf BE Aimed At.

From the Boston Transcript.
Brown was jOllying Smith when the
latter picked up a hassock and flung it at
his tormentor
"Bahr jeered Brown, you couldn't hit
a barn door,
Il wasn't aiming at barn door" re-
torted Smith. What 1 was aiming at
was a darn bore"
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
where Was Ets

Conductor" exclaimed the handsome
Iy gowned LADY. '1et me off, please. ]
haven't my fare"
why will women come down town
without money!" sneered the sour pas
Senger.
oh she's got money wit her, all
right said the wise conductor. She
amt got it handy. OATS all"
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Nobody Hurt.

From the Savannah News
Senator Tillman's Chicago speech
didn't set the river afire- He fused
little, cussed a little, and then went
on to the next one-night stand. The
Senator had a good time, and got free
out of the incident more advertising
tn&n he could have bought for six
months salary as a Senator.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
A Term ExempIihed.

TN Philadelphia, the housewives are so
neat that they scrub the public streets"
Wen, well, I've often heard Of scour-
ing the neishbOrhOOd.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Rr the Enrs.

Vicious vanity" says the Baltimore
American, ''is the voice of the vacant
yarlet"
We have read Of alltterations artful
aid. but this looks like literally Juggling in
language.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Nothinr in II.

From the Boston Transcript
Alice-What do you think of this talk
OF taxing bachelors?
Maud-DOn't believe in it. They're mean
enough TO deduct the amount they'd have
to pay out Of what they spend on US Tor
candy and theater tickets.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Limit of scorn.

Senator, I suppose you would spurn a
large bribe with hauteur?"
MY boy, are you looking for a study in
hauteur?"
Yes, sir"
Then you should see me in the act Of
spurning a small bribe"
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
The Signal.

From Harper's Bazar.
Tommy-Does your ma hit your foot
under the table when you've had
enough?
Johnny-No; that's when I haven't had
enough. When I have she sends for the
doctor.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
TO YOURSELF BE KIND.

I've heart" the contortionist said,
THAT naught but good feelings can fill
Why, by sympathy always I'm led
I sit up with myself when / am ILL.,"
WILBUR NESBIT.
Copyright. 1896. by W d. NesbitJ
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

Honestly. now, can any one except the
proofreader say he read it thoroly and
never skipt a word?
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Sarcasm.

Poverty" quoth Jinks, II see, they
claim Is JOY sublime. II must be great
to busted be around Christmas time"
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Why TOwne Quits,

The Hon. Charles A. Towne is quitting
Congress for two reasons. One is that
which has driven so many American
statesmen into private life. TO wit. TO pick
up the tangled threads Of their private
affairs in order that they may have the
proper weapon with which to defend
themselves in old age against the raven
Gus wolf. The other is that under the
present rules Of the House he finds it
virtually impossible for a member Of the
minority party TO do anything Of real
value. II the Democratic party had d
great issue upon which it's various ele-
ments could resolutely unite" said he.
"and thus present 10 the country q har-
moniOUs purposeful organization, a nj
nority member could still perform some
service Of value 10 the country But my
party. unfortunately, seems unable TO
agree upon any fixed programme or pol
icy. If IL isn't one ism it is another
that distracts our counsels. demoralizes
our organization, and weakens discipline.
I frankly confess that public life is more
attractive to me than private life, but
until my party adopts some matuTed
programme and unites upon some far
seeing and masterful leadership I no
longer desire to participate in its public
wrangles." Mr. Towne will begin the
practice Of law in New York at the expi-
ration of this Congress.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
FILLED the Bill.

From the Detroit Free Press.
What did you do with that crazy poem
you wrote awhile ago?"
i put 'Rah. Rah, Rah,' on the end Of
it and sold it to a university for a college
yell"
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

If a few more charges are filed against
United States Senators, Senator Burton
Will probably rejoice that he is In a
position to prove an aIibi this time.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

The Indianapolis Star wants it dis
tinctly understood that lame duck Lands
is not the original Lands. The latter is
still able to paddle blithely around In
the Congressional pond.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

Why not send a few "pickaninnies
over to Japan to be educated in the pub
lie schools, and let the Japs see how
they Ike it?
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

The Charleston News and Courier calls
Santa Claus attention TO the fact that
there is a hosiery mill in South Carolina
that turns out 40.e0O pairs Of stockings
each day" Is the News and Courier try
ing to scare the old man OF from trip
TO South Carolina this year?
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

Judge Grosscup calls the Presidents
message "a crazy quilt" but privately
he probably considers it more of a wet
blanket.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
ADUFRVPH.

From the Boston Herald
The rearrangement of the stars on the
flag to accommodate the forty-sixth looks
quite Ok.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

The Houston Post deciSres in a para
graph that man with an automobile
stands in need Of a million dollars, but
neglects to credit the paragraph.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

Mr.. Henry G. Davis states positively
that he viii under no circumstances
consent to run for Vice President again.
Now will Judge Parker further relieve
the anxiety by stating his attitude to-
ward the Presidency?
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

Tomorrow said the Deseret CUtah)
News the day before the Presidents
message was read, "the whole country
will know all about everything Mr.
Roosevelt can think about" Probably he
couldn't think about the tariff.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

A sneak thief stole an overcoat from a
passenger car in st. Louis the other day,
and the affair was written up as "a dar-
ing train robbery" 1t is mighty hard TO
get people 20 take notice of a mere
sneak thief these days
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

That new Alaskan Delegate may not
cut much figure in legislation, but when
IL comes to drawing mileage he will be
right alongside Of the unspeakable gen
tleman from Hawaii
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

Since seven physicians agreed on the
witness stand in the Chester Gillette
case. the jury probably didn't have the
nerve not to.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

An Illinois man was sent TO the asylum
the other day for persisting in the decla-
ration that he intended to clean up Chi
cagO." The evidence Of insanity seems
conclusive
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
As to Shonning.

Starting in early
And getting IL done
Is probably prudent.
But isn't much fun.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

A contemporary remarks: The Presi-
dent has been roundly censured and
roundly praised for dismissing the color
ed troops" Everything but round-rObined.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

The Mobile Register is inclined to think
the ship-subsidy bill viii pass, but the
Louisville COurier-Journal believes that
II it does it will pass in the night.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

The Indianapolis News says the Presi-
dents message was too long, and only
takes about two columns or so to tell
WHY
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

The Omaha Bee states: THE local
water wagon has finally got into court. "
It is to be hoped the charge isn't disOr-
derly conduct. with the usual trimmings.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

New York finally got rid Of the notori-
Gus John Doe but even he wouidn't
resign and had to be forced out.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08
Secretary Shaw's vaIedictorv.

Senator Bailey seems 10 have borrowed
money and trouble at the same time.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

Two prominent citizens Of Memphis. Mr..
Robert GraJtan Brown and Mr Edward
3. lie Master, who are here as deIega tes
to the National Rivers and HarbOrs Con-
gress. are guests Of the Willard. The
former is a lawyer Of distinction, and
Mr.. lie Master is one Of the leading real
estate men Of the Tennessee metropolis
He is a brother-in-law OF GOv.-eIect n.
a Patterson.
The Washington herald., 1906-12-08

Former Lieut.. Gov. Timothy Woodruff,
OF New York. held an informal levee in
the New Willard last evening, being the
central figure in every group of Gotham
ties who thronged its spacious lobby. Mr..
Woodruff has a happy temperament and a
pleasant faculty of personal agreeable
ness He has expressive dark eyes, good
features, and looks Ike d man who Is on
the most intimate terms with prosperity.
yes. I've about recovered from the ex-
acting labOrs of our campaign" said he
in answer TO Herald reporters queries.
1T was a fierce battle while il ragged, but
the result was never in doubt. In the long
run the American people will never do
anything ultra radical, such as the elec-
ton Of Mr.. Hearst would have been We
have political epidemics. such as the old
greenback craze the granger movement,
the free silver crusade. that at times
threaten to swamp the country. but they
do no more real harm than measles or
chicken-pOx do when they attack all the
juveniles in a community. The nation gets
well, and so do the kids This OLD re-
public Of ours will always be administered
in a sane way, for It was put here TO
stay"
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
NO HAY OOLOR.

Con eI excelente y maraviIloso anestesi-
co ''DENTUNDO9 se obtiene la absolute
ausencia del dolor en- todas las extraccio-
mes dentales.
Los profesionales que 10 han usado en-
operaciones de cirujfa menor han obtenido
el mas hermoao resultado por su rapida y
segura anestesia que les permite operar al
paciente sin dolor y con exito seguro
El frasco de dos onzas vale $3.50 10
centavos para franqueo.
No SO servira ning6n pedido que no
venga acompanadO de su importe.
MarcetinO Mira6al, agente Cruz no. IL.
Apartado AL. Is V. q.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
MATRIMONIO
EN- AREGIBO.
Sc CeIehraran aIIi las fiestaS patfO-
males. ---ConstrueCiOn de una
CarniCeria.
De nuestrO cOrrespon8al. J

Mario 15.-
Anoche en- la Iglesia cat6lica contraje
ron matrimonio la distinguida se1orits
Rosario CadiIla y don Jose Valdez. Fue
ron apadrinados por el doctor F. Aleman
y su sefora esposa. Acto seguido de Ia
ceremonia pasaron todos 4 Ia casa de los
padres de Ia novia sefora Cadilla, donde
Ia concurrencia fu6 esplendidamente obse-
quiada.
Deseamos Ia simpdtica pareja, una
eterna luna de miel.
-Anoche en- los salones del Consistorio
tuvo lugar una reunion de varios se1ores
congTegados ALI por ell alcalde con 81 fin
de designar las comisiones para organi-
zaci6n de las iestas patronales de San
Felipe. Reina ell mavor entusiasmo pro-
meti6ndose hacer 10 possible porque estas
fiestas revistan Ia mayor novedad es-
plendor. Ahora Sc espera la protection
del pueblo en- general para nevarlas & ca
bo.
Es necesario que Arecibo de una vez
mas una muestra de patriotismo honrando
las tradiciones.
-Adelantan rapidamente los trabajos
de esta carceI J va han llegado de los Es-
tados Unidos un gran ndmero de puertas
y ventanas de hierro para dicho estableci-
miento.
En- la pr6xima semana comenzard Ia
construction de una carnicerfa propiedad
de este Municipio.
En- la casa Consistorial y dep6sito
Municipal Sc hacen los trabajos de insta-
laci6n de inodoros y demds obras de dre-
naje.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
i V / S 0

Deseosos de mejorar Ia apariencia del
empaque de nuestros cigarrillos de ahora
en- adelante nuestras marcas de cigarrillos
Collective" y "Violetas' iran encajetilla
das en- forma depetacaa y muy en- breve to-
las nuestras marcas seran encajetilladas en-
Ia misma forma.
Con el fin de disipar toda duda respecto
4 la legitimidad de nuestro productO, que
pueda surgir consecuencia de Ia nueva
marquilla, deseamos hacer constar que este
en- NADIA altera la bnena calidad del mismo.
Porto Ricon american Tobacco Company
3Ov.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

Prenli0s l08 ineponeNtes sobre kbretas.
Sc sOrtear6n tOdOs los afios entire los que
mas se distingan por Bu constancia en- el
AhorTo.
HOras De Caia: Para lasi mposiciones;
De s & 102 de Ia mahana, y de / q 81
de Ia tarde los dfas laborables y de 81 4
103 de Ia madana los domingos; Para la
extracciones, las mismas horas excepto los
domingoa
RegIamento de Ia Seeci6n: Las personals
que interesen mas pormenores sobre las
imposiciones extracciones manera de Ii
quidaF intereseg, etc. pueden solicitar IN
ejemplar en- Ia Gaia.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
FL STATUS
Ca1OIiCism0e en-
Puerto Rico.
Sc disGate en- eSf0s nlOnentOS 81
esa lgIesia esta bajo "a jurisdic-
GiOn De IA Congregation de "a pro-
paganda Q hajO Ia tutsla de Ia
Congregation sxtraOninaria de
acnnfnc nnlnciacfinnc
aSant0S eCIesIastiC0S.

Dicen de Roma al Times, de Nueya
York:
la vacante del Obispado de Puerto
Rico que quedar6 ahora por raz6n del
nombramiento del Caballero Reverendo
James H. Blenk para el Araobispado de
Nueva Orleans, ha puesto sobre eI tapete
el problema de 81 Puerto Rico est6 baio Ia
tutela de Ia Congregation de Ia Propagan-
da bajo Ia de Asuntos Extraordinarios
Eclesiasticos.
'Con Ia exception del Canada los Es-
tados Unidos. que est6n bajo Ia jurisdiction
de la Congregation de la Propaganda
causa de estar comprendidas desde los CO.
mienzos de la colonization dentro de los
trabajoa de s'tierTas misioneras'', todo 81
resto dsl Hemisferio Occidental estS baio
la tutela de Asuntos Extraordinarios Ecle-
siasticos AL principle Puerto Rico estuvo
subordinate & las labores de esa Ultima
aecci6n; pero habiendo sido anexado los
Estados Unidos, Gambia por complete su
status religioso.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
Liga de repubIicanOs sspa1OIss.
Ssgunda e0nvoeatorla.

No habiendose celebrado en- primera
convocatoria, por falta de ndmero, Ia Jun
ia Central convocada para el domingo 6l-
timo, el Presidente ha dispuesto convocar-
la de nuevo para el domingo 18 del CO.
rriente las dos de Ia tarde en- los salones
del "Centro de Detallistas'', Luna Is, de-
biendo tener lugar Ia junta con el ndmero
de socios que concurran.
Lo que participo todos los socios de
esta Liga, aquienes recomiendo efcazmen-
te Ia asistencia.-M. Arrasate Secreta-
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

lGRAN REALIZACIoN- En- La
Villa de Madrid SO han recibido casimi-
res desde dos dollars 81 traje. Millionaire
de hilo de algod6n; pafio dc billar fran,
c6s, camisetas de crepe, generos de hilo,
encaies, tiras bordadas, traies bordados; Gl-
TINA novedad.
Casa exclusive en- elasticotina para frac
, smoking.
la Villa de Madrid es Ii tienda dom
de acuden las personals de gusto. San
Francisco 81. Talefono 273. Apartado
764 San Juan. P. R.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
Austria Y AIemania.

Frecuentes conferencias han tenido lu-
gar entire el representante alem6n en- Vie
ma el ministro de Ia guerra austriaco
N6tase inventado movimiento en- el ei6r-
cito austriaco 10000 hombres Sc han re-
concentrate en- la Dalmacia.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

La prueba de que en- el hotel "Helve-
tia Sc vive en- familia es el n6mero de
hu6spedes que tiene y debidO este al agra.
do y buen servicio de la se1orita que 10 re.
ientea. Cruz 27.-San Juan.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
PreparatiVOS no interrumpidOS.
New York, Mario 16, l.sO ?. m.

New York, Mario 16, l.3O b. "a.
Telegrama de Paris notician que los
preparedness que efectda alemania baio
la direction de los departamentos de Ia
guerra marina han continuado su inte-
rrupci6n aunque 10 m6s sigilosamente po-
sible.
Las guarniciones alemanas de la fronte-
ra Francesa han sido reforzadas considera-
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

blemente todas las reservas de artillerfa
eat6n en- servicio.
La marina reconcentFa sus fuerzas en-
Kiel hay reunidas tres divisiones de Ia es-
cuadra que han recibido aprovisionamien-
tos de guerra y boca.
La ruptura de relaciones entire Alema-
MIA y Francia, Sc coneideTa inminente.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
PABLO PENAGUILA.

Sc ha puesto en- eonocimiento del Sc
nor Gobernador que los sefcres Matien2o,
presidente de turno de la Union de Puer-
to Rico, Annexy y zeno Gambia le visita-
ran con obieto de celebrar una conferencia
con dlcha autoridad cumpliendo acuerdos
de la Junta Central. Para clio 50 esPera
81 regresO del sefoF Matienzo que esta On
FejardO,
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

easerab po nad vrg
ode ndHdu
la d a pe a b
equl rqu7p
sses aSRs !L RsHRyt
aehi khs
cndy dunga d agann nnad Ia A
4
aky yNaoq sfos dpti peid
u n
q I
dk II
ddeN la
tme eElec m ~ lem
ndepuvr d ep pp f q
)Ya
zuan ncautr ran naguncG d vino
d nnrey l. nuJTa
UOta PdsA~
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
Italia reGeIosa.

Dos cuerpos de infanterfa han sido mo-
vilizadas tienen orden de salir para el
Veneto y reforzar las guarniciones de We
necia y otros puertoS del Adriatico.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

New York, Mario is, 2.30 p. m
Una reunion ha tenido lugar hoy entire
los miembros del Gabinete italiano y iuz-
case grave Ia situaci6n europea con mott
vo de la actitud de Alemania.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

New York, Mario Is, 1.30 p. m.
FL embajador austriaco en- Londres ha
declarado que su naci6n apoya la polftica
del Kaiser que las guerrss austriacas
apoyarfan en- case de ruptura los alema-
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16
BsNC0 IERRITDRIn | iGRJcOI
DE PUERTO RICO
sECCION DE AHORROs

InsposiciOpses sObre kbreta: Desde 1925
81, 900 deYengar6n interses al 6 por 100:
annual.
Insposics0nes pJas0 fijo Degde 5000 en-
adelante deyenearan interes 81
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

REMATE.-En Ia casa de pr6stamos
de Jose Baz6n, Allen 28, Sc llevara ca
DO Ell dia 81 de Mario corriente las de
la tarde el remate de las prendas que han
transcurrido seis meses desde su venci-
miento no han sido renovadas nj cam
celadas p.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

Sc NECESTTA.-Un piano de buena
condici6n y barato, Inf6rmese 3. r.
Hodges Sol 6S, MiradoF,
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

METILOI DIES 81 me1or mas seguFo
de todos los especifcos hasta ahors conocido
para Ia cura permanente de tcdas las enfer-
medades de Ia ureta, "a sean estas cronioss 8
agudas' Contiene 81 nujoy cura por COM
pleto, On menos item pos pue ning6n otro pre-
parade similar, Las gOnorreas, espsrmatornaa
cistltis, cot. Mejor pue las inyecciones y mny
superior d sSndalo Copa'ba. Empieza
Eurtir Bu efecto Las tres cuatrs horas de
haberse tornado.
Los METILOIDES"-son fasileB de tomar
est6n prepaFados de manera pue no revnel-
ven ell est6mego nj droducen maloG efectoG,
De Venta on todas las Botioas. PidanBe
mueatras gratis & aus duicos fsbRiCeutoS-
Frederick staarns a On. p0tEoit, Mleh-
D, u. a.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

CALDERA Y MOTOR-se vende
una caldera de rs caballos y IN motor de
53 caballos de la renombrada fabrica cat
las -tienen POGO uso.-Por informes
b. e. d. SOLA P. o. BOX 808.-San
Juan, P. r. o. q.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

El Kaiser otra Vez.

8 radora
culO dPmas eurOpeos aud del De Agir dpone cunpo
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

New York, Mario Is, 1.3O D. m.
FL coronel Primo de Rivera el dipu-
tado Soriano, que han concertado un Ian
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

&c, Sc batirdn, dice un despacho de Ma
drid, y Sc cree que 81 duelo Sc verifcar6
fuera de Espafia.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1906-03-16

pErRoIr. RaIeIl.. 3. Q. a.