The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1906-02-15

| uuC6 Iut investment III lhC oNoOiO w
$4,000; this would lessen the expense
| by $1,000, which in turn could be ap-
piled upon income for a competent
manager and profits from the business,
keeping. therefore, the cost of milk
about the same as already estimated.
Under the dairy conditions which ex'
list in some sections, many COWS do not
furnish 5000 lbs. of milk per year,
therefore, scarcely pay for their Keep
ing. 1t is safe to estimate in the race
of Beach's figures, $53 per head or
even at $40 per head for feed, that
| there are more COWS not paying their
cost of keeping than there are which
do pay profit. In the advocacy OF pure
milk supplies, while we may have very
| high ideals, it is essential that we IN
vestigate conditions as they exist. Con-
sidering the milk producers side, IL
| is easily seen that pure milk supply
cannot be furnished every town or city
at will, but must be matter OF growth
and development. The diaries sur
rounding a town or city should be
managed for profit as we'll as purity
and also for future possibilities, since
years are required to get together
profitable herd of dairy COWS.
Another phase of milk production
does not usually appeal to the sanitary
commenter or milk consumer. II one
were to make a close investigator
with the idea of determining how
many farmers are capable OF produc-
ing milk proftably and in pure form,
we are certain it would be found that
less than per cent. could fulfill the
requirements. A man capable of pro-
ducing milk that will answer the re-
uuirements of the sanitarian is an I'M
usual agricultural man and one lit Tor
success in almost any profession. He
must be a thoroughly capable man,
and. being a capable man, OF course
demands fitting remuneration His
profession and himself are too little
appreciated by society and sclentlhc
men. 1t is necessary that he know
how to breed animals successfully and
by so doing develop their capacity Tor
milk production, at the same tlme
keeping his animals sound. He must
know how to feed animals economic
ally and in such manner as not 10
create any physiological disturbance,
thus giving rise to an abnormal naVor
or aroma in the milk, and still main
tain the yield and richness or the
milk. It is necessary that he not only
have this as theoretical and scientific
knowledge, but he must also be able
to apply his notions in a practical man
ner reaching every individual AMI
NAL and every detailed operation I'M
der his care, and these idiosyncras1es,
TO a great extent, determine profit or
loss. and every operation must be ad-
iusted to circumstances; in other
words he must be man OF great re-
sources. He should recognize and
diagnose Immediately any disturbance
in an animal or any factor which may
cause bad milk or decrease its HOW.
The relationship between milk pro-
duction and physiological processes
he knows in practical way, better
than a scientist knows from analysis,
and can usually give more satisfactory
answers. The producer of milk must
be acquainted with milk and it's hand
ling, he must appreciate that the feed
ing of ragweed, chickweed, silage, tur-
nips and many other substances we'll
known to him will give rise to an I'M
desirable quality of milk, must also
know that certain diseases alter the
milk, that others are dangerous, and
must understand that many physio-
logical and emotional disturbances
may change the character or nature
of the milk These things he has
learned from science and experience,
and one by one he has mastered them
to the extent that he is able to meet
at moments notice any of the usual
emergencies which arise. This side
of the production of milk is seldom
brought forward, and people too little
realize what it means to produce pure
milk or what it costs. If the consumer
in the city finds that his milkman is
raising the price of milk 1c. per quart