davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

column of incipient degeneracy. Of
the 80 per cent of children found to be
normal nearly all are girls.
The impression has in some way be-
come current that these enterprisine
surgeons OF Philadelphia resort to
brain operations whenever the slight
est mental abnormality is suspected.
AS q matter of fact, not single op-
Grafton of this character has ever
been attempted. To cut the brain Of a
feeble minded person with the expec-
tation Of producing Intelligence or to
remove the tendency to degeneracy
would be too heroic a measure even
for contemplation. All of the surgical
interference up to date has embraced
only minor operations-the removal of
adenoids from the throat or perhaps an
enlarged tonsil. the correction Of a
simple refractive error OF the sight or
something equally simple and free
from seriousness.
The chief business now at hand is
to determine the exact condition Of the
children examined. When that is ac-
eomplished it is easy to proceed-to
give proper mental training to the
feeble minded, special treatment to the
abnormally immoral and the isolation
of the asylum to the hopelessly de-
ranged.
Philadelphia's experiment win be
watched with the keenest interest both
by the profession and the laity ii
America and in all the civilized world
If it shall come to pass that the mend
ing of physical imperfection by the aid
of medicine and surgery can be made
to result in the wiping out of moral de-
generacy, the millennium viii not seem
to be a matter of such abstract specu-
lation. P. s. SINGER.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

associating only with the homeless.
In the course of time Mr.. Marsh
satisfied himself that III almost every
instance of depravity. extreme ignO-
rance and invincible poverty which was
brought to his attention there existed
some physical defect or abnOrmality.
This manifested itself in various ways
some of the most frequent being par
tial blindness, throat trouble, deafness
and feeble mindedness. This physical
blemish was so universal that the
question finally presented itself. Is
not this a cause or at least one of the
causes, of the criminality and misery
of these unfortunates In the train of
this there followed the subsequent in
quiry: Would not the removal of this
physical bondage by medical and sur
gical means create a new and health
ful atmosphere for these afflicted per-
sons2
When he had convinced himself that
he had arrived at d true solution of
the matter he returned to Philadelphia
and began at once to advocate his
theory in quarters where it was likely
to take root Finally he managed to
interest the board of health. and after
much deliberation it was agreed that
every child that came within the OBJ
servation Of this organization should
be given the most rigid physical and
mental examination. Every magis-
trate in the city was asked to report
children belonging to any man or wo-
man arrested for crime and brought
under his jurisdiction Mr.. Marsh s
agents took charge of these children.
At this point the active cooperation
of no less a medical authority than DR..
S Weir Mitchell was secured. When
this distinguished man of science and
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

letters Identifies himself with any
movement there is small probability
that it viii fail to attract the attention
of the world. The eminent specialist
in nervous disorders gave his unquali-
fed sanction to the investigation and
consented to assist a board of medical
experts in preparing a formula for the
proposed examinations. These are now
held i've times week and between 200
and 800 children have thus far been
passed upon.
So it is that each child that comes
within the jurisdiction Of the bodies
mentioned is given a physical exami-
nation by two of the health boards ply
sicians and a mental examination con-
Quoted by an expert selected by Dr.
Mitchell. Five times a week the little
patients assemble in large room at
the society's headquarters and answer
as best they can the minute inquiries
into their physical condition. They
are of all ages and seem to look on the
proceedings of the health officials with
the deepest awe and interest. There is
more curiosity than fear in their de-
pertinent. They are stripped to the
skin by the attendant nurses before
appearing before the doctors, and even
this proceeding is regarded by them as
d part sOA SOME strange ceremony, the
outcome of which may not be devoid
of some thrilling adventure.
Most of these children are found to
have some physical defect that may
continue to develop with age and even
tually ruin their lives Although to
the unprofessional eye they may not
seem to be below the normal in in
teligence or physique, it is fact that
not more than 30 per cent Of them are
found to be SO. The boys lead in the
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

almost any pressure was one of the
points that led to his appointment as
supervising architect. He had been
employed in the Office for two years,
and during that time had shown mark
ed executive readiness. In the com
petition which the law requires befcrs
new supervising architect can be
appointed Mr.. Taylor obtained a gen
eral average of only a little over 80
per cent. One applicant succeeded IN
gaining 80 per cent. When the de-
cision was made however, Mr.. Tay-
Ior's experience was taken into thu
consideration, and the examining
board, composed of leading architects
fnom all over the Union, reported in
his favor.
Since he took charge of the Office
every new public building has been Of
classical style Of architecture In
this course he has received the com
nendation of the best architects in the
country. The history of public build
ings in the old world makes it certain
that those built on classical lines have
survived the criticisms of ages and
are now as attractive as ever. Among
all the public buildings in the United
States those most generally admired
are classical notifications.
Mr.. Taylor is an exceedingly modest
man and is averse to publicity He
will not consent even to receive the
praise so manifestly due to him for tho
increased technical and artistic per-
lection which now marks the work on
public buildings He prefers, he de-
elares. to regard it as an evidence Of
the general advancement Of architec-
tural taste and understanding among
the people Of the United States.
CLAIMING A. BARLOW.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

a THOUGH the City Of Brotherly
"a Love has in some way ac-
"A quired the reputation of be-
4 = ing the most conservative
spot in America and the least addicted
to sensation Of any description, it has
recently committed itself to one of the
most radical experiments ever at
tempted in this country Surgery has
long cherished the theory that the
tendency toward criminal development
in the very young might be checked
~ prompt interference. but it has
been left to the surgeons of Philadel-
Thia to make the first daring venture
IN this direction.
The idea that criminal tendencies
may be modified or even obliterated by
medical and surgical treatment is no
especially novel. Philadelphia. how
ever, is the first municipality to take
the matter up officially, calling on the
surgeon ana the general practitioner to
ferret out cases of physical and mental
abnormality and by proper treatment
restore to them as perfect a physiologi-
raj equipment as the present condition
of medical science makes possible
Much of tha credit Of this remark
able series of Xperimentation is due
10 the Pennsylvania Society to Protect
Children and its secretary. Benjamin
c. Marsh. When he was a student at
the University Of Pennsylvania Mr..
Marsh became deeply interested in the
study of the homeless man. so much so.
indeed, that when he had finished his
course he made UP his mind to inves-
tigate the problem for himself To that
end he became a tramp In this dis
guise he penetrated the Sums of all of
the large American cities and also
those Of Europe. living as a tramp and
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

before he had been put at the head of
an expedition consisting of fifteen men
and sent by the commanding general
of the army. James Wilkinson, who
was also governor of the newly pur-
chased territory of Louisiana to ex-
plore the region west of the head wa
ters of the Mississippi. The previ-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01
j. Knox I

~ NE of the busiest men in
81 Washingtoa-none buster in
the country ne maintains
is J. Knox Taylor, supervis-
ing architect of the United States
treasury His title sounds rather for
midable, but it is actually far too short
to express his real duty as sponsor for
all public structures and the one skill
ed man in the government service who
has to keep in touch with every detail
of their construction and see to it that
the proper material goes into them and
that the work meets the requirements.
Do not imagine for a brief moment
that this job leaves much time for
outside diversion. Re it known also
that these same government REQUIRE
ments are most rigid. Every stick and
every stone that goes into a public
structure must not only stand the test
of the skilled mechanics eye-which is
usually a wide open one-but thew
must also be found perfect by the ex-
perts at the government laboratories.
So it happens that every minute of
the night and day when a new build
ing belonging to Uncle Sam is in process
IF erection. no matter how slowly the
work is going on, either Mr.. Taylor or
some subordinate for whose faithful
ness he is responsible must watch II
with unfagging attention.
During the closing days of the last
session Of eongress-as if it had been
guilty of a sin Of omission which it
purposed to wipe out at a single eff
.ort-the construction of about 200
public buildings was authorized and
Upward Of $4,000 600 was appropriated
40 that end. That sum and the $50
B00,0 already set aside to be spent
on buildings and bridges in and around
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

Montgomery Pike first raised the
American flag in this part of the com
paratively unexplored Louisiana Pur-
chase.
1t was on the afternoon of Nov. 10.
1906. that Pike caught his first glimpse
of the lofty mountain which was des-
tined TO bear his name. Four months
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

Vice President Fairbanks. senators
and members of the cabinet. Speaker
Cannon and many leading congress-
men. diplomatic representatives of for
efgn powers and patriotic organizations
in great force have arranged to be
present to help celebrate the hundredtE
anniversary of the time when Zebulon
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

attempts were made. not a member Of
the company was able to set foot on
the summit of the height which they
had discovered. Two days after Lieu
tenant Pike and his men sighted the
peak he made this entry in his diary:
Pushed on with an idea of arriv-
ing at the mountains. but at night found
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

prepared to ascend it. For six days
they struggled bravely to accomplish
the feat. but it was too much for them.
The weather was bitter and the mems
feet were frozen. Pike made this en-
try in his journal:
The summit bare of vegetation
and covered with snow, now appears
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

James. member of the Long ex-
petition, which explored the region in
1919, ascended the summit with two
companions. whose names are I'M
known. They were undoubtedly the
first white men to accomplish the feat.
Although he was a good soldier Lieu
tenant Pike was an exceedingly in
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01


n markable enthusiasm the
semicentenniaI of the John Brown
episode at Osawatomie, Colorado is
about to engage in a week Of festivity
In commemoration of the centennial
anniversary of the discovery Of Pixies
peak. The Pike centennial celebration
Is TO be held at Colorado Springs dur
ing the week beginning Sept. %, and
it promises to be one of the most no
table and interesting affairs Of the
kind ever attempted in America.
That it viii be an occasion of IN
usual Importance is made manifest by
the fact that those who have been in
strumental in bringing it about have
succeeded in obtaining both federal
and state cooperation and that con-
gress has ordered the coinage of 1907
600 souvenir medallions of silver and
bronze to commemorate @the transfor-
nation within a century Of an undis-
covered country. peopled only by a few
hundred rowing Indians, into a state
containing over 100000 white men, the
opening of fabulously rich mines, the
building of railways. irrigation works,
towns and cities, the development Of
complex and highly Differentiated in
dustries, the conversion of vast areas
Of unproductive plains into gardens
and grain fields and the creation of
hundreds of millions of capital"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

Gus season he had made a military ex-
cursion to the upper Mississippi. but
had not penetrated farther.
That General Wilkinson had implicit
confidence in Pike is evident from the
fact that he permitted his only son to
accompany the young lieutenant on his
second expedition. Although several
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

at a distance Of fifteen or sixteen
miles. 1t is as high again as what we
have assembled, and it would take
whole days march to arrive at its
base. 1 believe that no human being
could ascend to its pinnacle
1t was twelve years later when the
first ascent was made. DR.. Edwin
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

Both the Federal and State
Governments Will Lend a
fiand. and There Is Every
Prospect of Such a Result
as Will Be a Revelation to
Those Who Are UnaCquaint-
ed With the Enterprise and
Resources of the Centen-
NAL State.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

OF to be outdone by her sister
state ofKansass which has just
been celebrating with re
markable enthusiasm the
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-09-01

NE of the busiest men in
Neutrality-suspicious. buster in
the country. he maintains
is j. Knox Tavlor. sunerHis-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-17
LUTHERANs TO BUILD
CHURCH OF THE AToNEMENT
HAS PURcHAsRD SITE.

The Lutheran Church of the Atonement.
recently organized and at present holding
its services in a rented building at 10 r.
street northeast has purchased 1--WE lots on
the northeast corner of North Capitol street
and Rhode Island avenue comprising a
total area OF 0.155 square feet. and steps
are being taken to erect a chapel on this
site at once.
Since the pastor of this congregation,
Rev. I. o. Baker, formerly of Erie, Pa.
took charge on February /. Sunday school
and Luther League have been organized.
The graded system of Rev. Theodore Il.
Schmauk, president OF the general council
OF the Lutheran Church. to which organ
ization the Church OF the Atonement be-
longs. Is used IN the Sunday school.
In this system the school is divided INTO
grades, and the study OF the Bible Is taken
up in a systematic manner, and as the
pupil passes from the lower to the hl6net
grades the scope Of the lessons 10 IN
creased. BY easy stages the pupil is taken
over the entire history of the Bible, so
that thorough knowledge of that BOOK Is
obtained by every scholar who passes
through the various classes. The system
Ia based on the same principle of grading
as the instruction in the public schools It's
author and editor. Dr. Schmauk. mas
erected at Lebanon, Pa, modern SUNDAY
school building at cost of 100000. spe-
system. This model Sunday school Is one
of the largest In the United States. and IS
visited annually by many teachers. officers
and others interested in Sunday school
work The general council Of the Lutheran
Church was the first to publish and intro
duce a graded system into its Sunday
schools.
The youngest organization of this young
congregation Is the Luther League, which
was organized by the pastor last week
after the usual Thursday evening services.
committee was appointed to draw up
constitution. and series of topics for dis
cussion at the meetings of the league VIII
be selected. A ftourishing and actiVe
ladies' aid society has been connected Win
the congregation since its organization.
The pastor spoke last Sunday evening on
Lessons to Be Drawn from the Life OF
Jonah" This was the first of series OF
six sermons which will be delivered on TINS
subject at the Sunday evening services.
Weekday Lenten services are also beng
held every Thursday evening at O'CLOCK.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-17
CHRISTIAN ENDEAvoR NOTES.

The Young Peoples Christian Endeavor
societies OF the Metropolitan Presbyterian
Church. 4th and y streets southeast held
their usual monthly business meeting last
Wednesday evening at S o'clock in the
Sunday school rooms. with a large attend
ance OF members. President G. Curtis
Shinn presided at the business meeting.
Prayer was offered 10y Mr.. Edgar c. Buck
ingham. After hearing reports from the
several committees, Rev. Or. Albert Evans,
pastor OF the church. delivered an address.
n which he spoke Of the accomplishments
Of the Endeayor societies.
At the social hour DR. T. Masin Chunn.
secretary. presided and announced the fol-
towing program: Songs. 10y the Eastern
High School Cadet SeNtet-S Bryan. H.
Ramsey J.. II. Sinclair, NJ Eslin, w c.
Miller and u, Griffith; Jingle Bells" Mr.
GunderOeck'' 'Bingo' and old Black Joe;'
short talk President Shinn; vocal duet
Misses Grace Turner and Ellen Moffett
with Miss Bessie Zegler acc0mpauist;
musical selection, with violin, duet. Miss
Beatrice Bulla and James Brearley; vocal
solo Miss Priscilla Hardesty; short talk on
Military Cadet Life" Capt. "Bili' Miller
of Eastern High School; comic monologue,
Major s. Bryan OF Eastern High School,
games by the younger people. Refresh
ncuts were served by the members OF che
intermediate society,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-17
QUAKER MORALITY.
Attitude of Friends Toward War De-
fined by Member of the Society.

From the Literary Digest
Quaker morality Is like other Christian
morality. except In one or two respects.
These are mainly their positions in regard
to war and oaths. One of the leading men,
bers of the Society Of Friends, DR.. Isaac
Sharpless, president of Haverford College,
states in a book recently published on
"Quakerism and Politics that he had been
accustomed to consider the morN views OF
Friends as something distinct and apart
from their theological positions, but that
consideration induces the belief that there
is a necessary and logical relation between
the two The latter view of the relation N
wolves their belief In the supremacy Of the
Individual conscience, which is TO be re-
garded as the logical result of the doctrine
of divine guidance. The doctrine of divine
guidance carries in the Friends belief a
corollary principle of a moral order, O
divine law of right" which. the writer
points out, always claims its ascendency
over unitarian considerations. The yearly
meetings have witnessed the death or many
an appeal in favor of some course of ac-
ton on account of its results. 1.-The gal
lery Friends have been unmoved, because
without their approaching IT. the habit OF
argument from effect to cause has never
been a part of their mental equipment
They base their beliefs on principle,
strained, perhaps sometimes, and follow
where it leads" The Quaker, then. is men
tally incapable Of taking the position that
nations may do good in committing the
manifold infQuities of war, even legitimate
war for the sake of humanity. Justihca-
ton of war may be indicated in the good
results accomplished, for the aisebraic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-17
LIKE WORK OF MOODY
BIG REVIVAL IN PROGRESS IN
PHILADELPHIA.

From the Rams Horn.
The first part of the Torrey-Alexander re-
vfyal campaign in Philadelphia has closed.
with the whole city aroused as 1t has not
been since the work OF Moody and Sankey
in the 70s, with many hundreds Of men and
women definitely converted. and with large
numbers Of Christians set on fire with a
passion for soul-winning such as has rarely
II ever before been witnessed in the city.
After several days rest the second part Of
the three months Philadelphia campaign
begins in the Third Regiment Armory, on
the south side of the city. The work will be
carried on there for four weeks, and then,
after second rest. the evangelists will re-
turn for the remaining three weeks of the
campaign to the Second Regiment Armory.
Since coming to Philadelphia DR.. Torrey
and Mr.. Alexander have held revival meet
ings in six colleges of the city 1t Is said
that such meetings are unprecedented In
the history OF several of the inatitptions
they visited. About $500 different students
were reached. At a recent meeting DR.. Tor
rey related q striking incident which came
as sequel to one Of these college meetings
He said:
II had very interesting experience this
morning. We have been going round to the
colleges Of the city holding meetings at the
noon hour. The son of a professor at one
OF these colleges who was very kind to us
called on me this morning. He said:
couldn't rest: have come ten miles to talk
with you. have been wandering over the
face Of the earth for ten years. / am now
thirty-five, and must find rest He came
back to Christ and went away from my
house rejoicing He said he couldn't come
to the meeting this afternoon and tell about
1t. but thought he could get here tonight"
great children's meeting was held on
the afternoon Of the last day of the cam
paign at the Second Regiment Armory.
About 5000 children, with their Sunday
school teachers and friends, gathered in the
big hall and were addressed by DIR. Torrey
on What Child Can Do At the close
of the sermon over 800 children went for
ward to accept Christ.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-17
ST. MARY'S ARCHITECT
CAREER OF NAN WHO DESIGNED
BALTIMoREs CATHEDRAL.

In connection with the forthcoming tele-
bration Of the centenary Of ST. Mary's Ca
thedrai In Baltimore, a feature OF interest
has been brought forth In regard to the
architect of that historic edifice, Benjamin
Henry Latrobe. grandfather of former
mayor of Baltimore Mr.. Latrobe. who was
also the architect OF the Capitol was born
IN Yorkshire, England. In 1894. An ances-
1or. boneval ce Ia Trobe, emigrated from
france to Holland after the revocation OF
the edict of Nantes. This ancestor entered
the service of the Prince OF Orange ana
was severely wounded at the battle OF
Boyne.
When twelve years of age Mr.. Istrobe
was sent to a Moravian seminary in uax-
ony and concluded his education at Lefpsig
He entered the Prussian army in 1886. rerv-
ing under the Archduke Charles. and was
twice wounded. In 1856 he left the army
and, going 10 London, became an architect.
Here he was made surveyor OF The public
emcee and engineer of London in 1852 and
seven years later he declined crown sur
Norfolk.
His first enterprise in this country was as
engineer Of the James River canal, and he
also bufft the penitentiary In Richmond
Two years later he removed to Philadelphia,
where he designed the Academy Of Art and
other buildings. He was the first to supply
Philadelphia with water, pumped by steam
from the Schuylkill river. Thomas Jefferson
apPolnteu MN surveyor of public buildings
IN 1913, and he is said to have perfected the
designs of DR.. William Thornton and al
tered those for the interior construction OF
ire south wing of the Capitol.
After the Capitol was burned in 1914. Mr..
Latrooe reconstructed the north wing In
the construction of the Chesapeake and
delaware canal Mr.. Latrobe was engaged
as engineer, residing alternately at New
Castle and Wilmington until 1905 when he
removed to Washington with his family. He
vxffh prha
the introduction of steamboats, on the west
ern waters.