New-York tribune., 1906-09-25

IL. D. s Nm IN xiv, 2S Harper BIOS
tons, erToRAL e SYSTEM OF THE He, CNssTGdp st1dy
TIE srATEs rs 5sa RistoTEE Have Attended It's opeTs
e the An Analysis q The Serfls Seresai and Pro-
TerislatiOn 70 Avert atr,sndment of the Constitq-
posed Reine'ffF ffFan,pden Dougherty. SVo' pp' W.
Issi G. p Putnasns sons mn
GOVERNMENT. FEDERAL 9I5I2tA 1AISR ARR Penn,
N MAASS7a kND INDIANA, Isl .; 31,,,ony by
SILL. $780, a weeden. $40, PIP. XVI SSs h0's"
ton Mifin Oo' ,. q
- Moore has written not so much d
,,-.o-v Of the operations OF our e'a'0 -
hs'. n series Of essays on the manner III
r1enl q - e-o,,ornn,ent has handled international
%Iio, pis book is popular in character
che main a revision and amplihca'io'N
ps''s o-sl articles originally contriouteo ~
o. oo-,s Magazine" Clearly written the 'oi'
r.,s forth a progressive statement OF 'iie
DH' -,-los unon which our country has DeeH
49, a. its international transactions IN or
49, the distinctive purposes OF American
oe- t-,.a.cv NAV be understood. and its meaning
I'D influence appreciated. .,,a
o. .,,,l,or seeks 10 show that nothing eouiN
ors erroneous than the supposition that lne
--,..s states has, as the result OF Ger r1"i''
-. ~os IN jts habits suddenly become withii
,as, few years, a world power. lie hahe'
- 4, a careful analysis OF the earnest ulp4'
-. nerotiations conducted by the represents
80 ~ the Colonial Congress, and OF the Oii'eu
&C Government Immediately after the aooP-
- >, fine Constitution. that the princlpies Oh
-.u+r.ltv non-intervention. the freedom OF the
- ..,be omen DOOR" territorial expansion anu
,-.o-ro-io-al arbitration had their roots hrIny
,-,,larted in the very groundwork OF our ma
-, ,-,s-erce He shows how the American
-.,olt against British authority was primarily
=. 81 the irksome restrictions Of the system
= t,nonopolies by which the growth Of the COLO
=, v-as commercially impeded. and how Aneil-
~ sinlarnacy has been from the beginning a
.,,eis+ent and successful protest against the
,sase that then dominated the civilized world
Incidentally he pays high tribute 10 TWO almost
,,rlnovn names in the history of American
5rlon,acv. Charles William Frederick Dumas
. native Of Switzerland, who co-operated win
Iobn Adams in concluding our first treaty with
.bs Dutch government he ranks next after
Adams Franklin and Jay in the value or MS
services to the struggling Union. In Edmund
Roberts. a sea captain Of Portsmouth n H,
-ho was aupointed in 1882 by President Jack
son as agent for the purpose Of examining in
the Indian ocean the means of extending the
commerce OF the United States by commercial
arrangements with the powers whose dominons
border the seas, He IlIlus ttNt1icI d iioiu-
working. efficient and inadequately rewarded
negotiator."
Taking with him blank letters Of credence. he
embarked IN March. lS32 the sloop Of war Pea
oock for his lorg voyage. OF inquiry ana negoua-
fion II We were TO judge by the provision made
tSr his comfort and remuneration we should infer
mat little importance was attached TO his mission.
Ess bsTsly M surfcent to defray the cost of an IN
suranoe on lis life the benefit of his numerous
on q ssa-wsshed gundeck with the crew, all the
available space in the cabin being occupied by a
cherge d'affares 10 Buenos Ayres, whose name is
now forgotten.
Roberts concluded important treaties with
siam and Muscat which were promptly ap-
proved by the Senate and did much to open
the way for American commerce In other coun-
tries
Professor Moore lays especial stress upon the
ptent Influence exerted by American diplomacy
upon the adoption OF simple and direct methods
the conduct OF international negotiations.
'observaut Of the proprieties and courtesies Of
Intercourse, but having, John Adams once
declared. no notion OF cheating anybody Ameri-
can dplomatists have relied rather upon the
strength Of their cause than upon a subtle Dip
lomacy for the attainment Of their aims"
No Nor should We forbear to remark that while IT
has BY reason Of the dtrectness with which IL ex-
sSSsseS Us sentiments, sometimes been dsrespect-
flly dubbed "shirtsleeves" diplomacy, e may con-
AlcAA. invite comparison as 10 the pfOprlety OF
other nations
Beginning with a consideration Of the manner
in which the practical and direct methods OF
the American people have nullihed the restric-
tons that the trainers OF the Constitution sought
10 Impose upon the voters in the choice OF their
CHEF magistrate. Mr.. Dougherty goes deep into
The history Of the Presidential elections IN the
United States. He describes the methods Of
counting the electoral votes and the various
heorles upon which the counting has been con-
Quoted great part OF the volume is neces-
sily taken up with the story Of the Tilden-
hayes controversy, with the constitution OF the
Electoral Commission and with the operations Of
mat body The author takes the ground that.
Eihle The commission was at the time practical
Gshod OF overcoming g present difficulty. It
was after all. but an eXpedent, and one far
non satisfactory in fits results. Reviewing the
elors that have so far been made by Congress
give effect 10 the popular will in the choice
VI our highest executives. Mr.. Dougherty de-
N@'es that had a tithe OF intellectual! force
spent IN efforts 20 frame legislation IN defiance
v 'he laws Of mathematics been devoted TO the
pepsfaton Of an amendment TO the Constitu-
s0H' mat benehcent end would long ago have
been attained"
~ Oougherty has clearly defined idea OF
p4ncples upon which such an amendment
O-io oe framed, and has drafted one which he
sVpOses Tor the consideration of the American
TVs through their representatives in Congress
~ "ou4o do away entirely with the Electoral
see ana would substitute system by which
'O'es Of the minority in each state would be
S'esented In the final count. In brief. he pro-
80 mat the total number Of votes cast fol
various candidates in any state shall be
sa by the number OF electoral votes cast
@s' state for President and Vice-President
candidate receiving his exact proportion OF
aectorel vote OF the state, carried TO several
"a Of dec.msls Thus. In the returns made
.Nsress, every candidate would receive the
- Ilue Of the vnfe cast for him ir arAru ste q