New-York tribune., 1906-06-01
THIS AN ERA OF PEACE
REPLY TO PESSIUISTS.
Cardinal Gibbons Sounds Note of
Hope at MohOnk.

"a .ie SITUATION, reviewing the prevalence of war
IN the past and comparing it with the present
reign OF comparative peace He said. in part:
that have ravaged the Christian world during the
taSn. aS1 twenty centuries some persons might be
heart that the mission of Christ was a failure.
Empire from its foundation to sG the time g. OF Augustus
SS SSaesaf with the military record of our American
present time
In pagan Rome, war was the rule, peace was
the exception From the reign of Romulus TO the
ume OF Cesar, embracing 100 years the Temple
closed ct the birth of Christ If symbolic the
The United States has existed as sovereign ma
the close Of the Revolution. During that period we
@ @nase had Tour wars-the VAR with England Ir9in SH
the Civil war. from 1861 to 1865. and the recent
Spanish war. The combined length of these cam.
the United M States had enjoyed twelve years SO, OF
pire enjoyed less than one year of tranquility for
every Ger century si Of military eagagements
ton has been experienced not only in reducing the
hhumoer hhUumoer ot wars but stil more in mitigating the
,Alexander the Great, after the capture Of the
habtants TO be crucifed and the remainder of the
population were put to death or sold into slavery
after his successful siege of the city of Mexico.
soldier or citizen was sacriiced to the vengeance
OF the victorious army. and not single family
Let US contrast the conduct of Titus toward the
Jews with General Grants treatment Of the de-
And now. friends and advocates of international
arbitration, permit me to greet you with words OF
good cheer and encouragement
A hundred years ago disputes between individu-
the Illuminating Influence OF Christian public
v 1hes % aT9 now USUALLY s ao ao
reason a"n 70 hope that the same pacific agencies 9
nations?
;, ! can recall at least four instances within the
last twenty years In which international conflicts
have been amicably settled by arbitration The
Caroline Islands adjusted by Pope Leo XIII
and the United States was settled by conference
held in Berlin In 1889 treaty of peace between
ington at the close of Clevelands administration.
And few weeks ago war between France and
Germany, perhaps a general European conflict.
Morocco.
discussion OF the Hague conference was opened
by Clifton R. Breckenridge. of Arkansas ex-Minis-
ter TO Russia. who said:
When 1 had the honor TO represent our country
TO Russia, some ten years ago. it was even then
edy 'e power that hy had
question to settlement by arbitration Now Russia
this wise and beneflcent policy. This and many
other features of a similar nature afford encour-
But while much has been DONE yet much
best widen tho acceptance of this doctrine
and extend the scope OF its application;
Instructive lesson can be drawn from our own po-
Hsnsa tcai 0rganizaton r and experence we are, IN
publies: an indissoluble union it is true but com
posed OF separate states whose sovereignty in
their appointed sphere we carefully guard and
The great arbiter of our disputes is the Supreme
Court OF the United states. For more than a hun
dreq years this august body has been the sheet
states. Cannot similar and permanent body OF
manner the reverentiai obedience Of nations? This
leads me TO observe. Mr.. President that it is not
however wise and excellent may be its material
dnf Of IT'S b aas III or s 70 hs an
ways the character of the state of maturity of the
people will prove TO be the chief support and in
spiratOn Of any tribunal that may be established
the institutions and policies OF every country.
Judge William l. Penheld. who followed. said:
The institution of parliament competent to
sgislate in the international sphere as the United
e td IN go most st 6ept POLITICAL cal
body OF turists and statesmen to define the
bounds of authority OF the international parla-
ment than 1T for the trainers of the federal
constitution 10 define and distribute the powers of
an international parliament clothed with the power
~ feasible. But 1t is the unexpected that happens
as, Tor example who would have dared foretel
Douma? The call OF international parliament
cannot be set down as wholly improbable. and the
way 10 that goal lies through the more frequent
calls and assemblages of the Hague conference
the form treaties the leading branches OF Inter
national law One of the subjects Of its delibera-
neutrais and beiligerehts ''s'''' anu uuoeS 0i
1on more serious difficulty will arise in agreeing
upon some criterion 10 determine when articles OF
dual utility for war or peace. may be treated by
There is the further question OF the priHe courts
and OF the arrest and seizure by a beliigerent's
Peet that another and kindred QUESTION will come
from cap9uT s 1 question Of the immunity
properly. whether owned by the citizens or sub
porant subject which Is likely to att1act H9t9eF 1e %
prveees and The eigfsnee imfe Is the question the
anGhorage and asylum and of the supply and re-
is nndeTseod WbaGs9ns fbaf b In neutral
p i9r ne consideration Of the conference
declaration Of war it IS Without pFeyi
whetheF her the conference % viii attempt 10 formulate
There will be little objection. imagine 70 the
view that no government ought TO rse iforca M ' ne
compel another government to pay its public Sc
which foreigners have voluntarily purchased or
sSeseF6ed SUBS @ to Ola nnd taken But it is nearly Certain
question whether any inhexble rule shoUid be laid
es who have invested aTse sR m Rdydgal dy loTegn Re b
usEtiopilenI OF the natural resources OF a country
the latter should then fagrantiy violate The con- y
prises ~ spun 'e''' o' 'he fruits OF theT enter
The experience had with the practical workings
Of certain amendments Of he conyentioG 6f Juy
& ~ b sncn as mat only disnteresed arbitraors
arbitration OF questions Of judicial nature and Of
tHe Interpretation and execution
G ueatles snail be compulsory: that the medieval
iqea ihat sense OF national honor aside from
the rights OF sef-defence. can Justify resort 10
war In any case shall be abandoned and work
able and IN every way admirable as II now is
when we consider its substance and the circur-
stances OF It's formation-the time Is ripe for the
1899. VI July %
Representatives Granger. OF Rhode Island and
Bates of Pennsylvania, and Charles s HamIin OF
Boston, ex-Assistant Secretary of the Treasury
also discussed the Hague conference
n