davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1906-11-20

keep the hogs out while feed is being
poured in The panel is hung on
hinges and can be firmly fastened on
either side of the trough. The second
illustration is of an ordinary trough to
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12

From the Bulletin Of the Metropolitan Museum Of irt
The museum has recently acquired a collection
OF PEWTER. principally Of Austrian, French. Flemish
and German make OF the seventeenth. eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries. or the 1870 pieces do
nestle utensils predominant. with a few pieces made
for ecclesiastical ceremonial.
Pewter has been known and used In most cOun
tries OF the Old World for az least 1000 years.
II was the substitute for silver and was To be
found upon the tables Of the well. to do classes
OF the Middle Ages. Later It took the place Of
"treene wooden dishes. plattcrs and owls
IN the homes OF the peAsantTy and II was In general
Use until supe rscded through the adoption OfcheapeT
materials. china, e~Rrthrnware and Britannia metal,
Like silver fine pewter OXidizes slowly. and unlike
those OF copper or brass. its oxides are harmless.
TIN forms the greater part of pewter. tho finest
varieties. sometimes called tin and temper" being
simply hardened by a small portion of copper.
Ordinary pewter Is a mixture OF tin and lead. The
isw % France restricts the percentage OF the lead
20 1875. this mixture being claimed as proof against
sour wine and vinegar. Britannia metal Is really
a pewter of good quality containing tIn' anthony
and copper.
Pewter was manufactured by casting and ham
merinE. the use Of the lathe being limited by the
laws OF the craft guild. In early times the moulds
for casting belonged to the guild and were lent "a
the members. From the nature OF the material. the
beauty of pewter depends chiefly upon It's form or
outline; II Is too soft for the kinds Of ornamentation
produced ny the chaser and cngraver to be sue
cessfully used. Decoration by the latter method
is usual, but II quickly shows signs OF wear.
The shapes Of pewter vessels and their designs
followed those of the sllverware Of the period.
In some cases II Is probable that the pewter objects
were sIlversmith's trial pieces. executed In this
cheaper material In order to judy of the effect OF
the design before II should be worked in the more
costly material.
In the present collection are several pecime
Of the 10 called food bottles" or carriers" octag
OnaI, nat and round. with screw tops, and in one
case a spout, probably for milk. spoons Of various
shapes (but no forks. eweTs, tAnkards. nagons
Jugs. porringcrs. ecuelles. dishes, platters and
chargers are all represented.
The two time lamps with Rlass reservoirs and
metal bands DIVIDED into numbered spaces, show
how time was measured during the night hours OF
inc seventeenth century. Interesting also are
the candlcsticks, BARRIERS bowl. cistens-OnC
wholly Of lead-bcakcrs. spoon stands. salt cellars
coffee urn and stand. coffee. tea and chocolate
pots. pepper casters. salt boxes. &C. Church pew
ter is represented by a baptlsmal basin, cruets with
tray. benitIers for holding holy water and aims
basins; Jewish ceremonial, bY seder dishes and q
lann
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12
Surprised PrOhIbltiOnIsts.

Those Jersey City Prohibitionists who
on Wednesday evening listened to a lee
ture on the liquor trade from a saloon
keeper should be able hereafter to do
more for the cause of temperance than
their brethren who have not had similar
advantages. The man by whom they
were addressed seems to have spoken in
good temper and with sound judgment.
Much of what he said is u~ndeniably true.
Treating is the cause of considerable
drunkenness; liquor should not be sold
to drunken men no good is accomplished
by the violent denunciation Of the saloon
owners in which many advocates Of total
abstinence seem to find great relief.
The antagonistic attitude Of a large
section of the public toward the keepers
of public drinking places ia probably due
to a spread of New England intolerance.
Its origin may be found perhaps in the
excitement and bigotry that developed
as a consequence of the temperance
movements of the second and third
quarters of the nineteenth century. The
unanimous. opposition Of the churches
10 the trade has also helped to bring
it into bad odor. The evil effects of
overihdulgence in alcoholic stimulants
became so apparent, however, that the
sentiment responsible for the formation
of temperance societies filed the public
mind with contempt for the liquor dealers
calling, and to-day in many communities
the proprietors Of decent and respectable
bars are habitually called -rumsellers, y
and their establishments, no matter how
well conducted, -rumhOles." In New York
and New Jersey liquor selling has
been held in the disfavor in which New
England has regarded it; nor, except
where the New England influence has been
strongest, has its repute been entirely bad
in other portions of the country.
The retail dealer in alcoholic bever-
ages has been denounced 80 often as a
man vicious and degraded in all his ways
that many innocent persons who listened
to the saloon mans speech Wednesday
evening we're probably surprised to find
him a reasonable, clean and intelligent
person, differing externally not a whit
from themselves. II it is borne in on
these worthy individuals and their
friends that the saloon men are human
beings, neither better nor worse than
the rest of mankind, something Of value
will have been accomplished. II they
can establish friendly relations with the
dispensers of wet goods, they will find
that theirs is not the only temperance
work that is done, and that possibilities
Of cooperation exist which IL improved
would lead to excellent results unattain-
able by any other
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12
r.In .f Loaf Manuscript.

To N EDITOR OF The sUN-Sir; / should
like to relate an experience j have recently
had with q magazine which foe several
months has been working itself into a nne
frenzy over grating and corruption IN high
life and the general and particular rotten
ness which II Processes to believe is eating
out the vitals of the nation. Some time ago
sent a manuscript TO the editor OF this maya
zine. The paper was an essay upon a topic
Of current interest. and to my mind-oh
course-was an effective presentation OF the
various phases Of the subject IL discussed.
l was careful. however. to enclose stamps
TO pay for its return in case it were found
unavailable. | heard nothing from the edi,
tor and after several weeks had elapsed l
manuscript had been received, received
no reply to this letter. Several weeks later
| again wrote the editor asking II the manu-
script had been received and requesting that
i heard not a word from him in answer to
this communication AFTER the lapse OF sew
eral weeks more ! again wrote 70 the edltor
and asked him IL he didn't think that simply
as a matter of common courtesy ana element
airy fairness ! was entitled 70 my manusfrlpt
which had been made OF it. This letter also
was ignored.
/ have never been able to get any. informa-
ton concerning my manuscript from the
editor. nor has he returned my manusCrlpt
or my postage stamps. Perhaps writers are
somewhat OF a nuisance, but 1t seems 70 me,
neVertheless, that a man 40 Ostentatiously
devoted to abstract principles, OF rlght and
Justice as the editor In question should pe
decent enough to return my property 10 me,
or at least to answer a courteous request lot
concerning it. SCRIBE.
ST. Louis, October y.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12
Other Times, other Manners.

To THE EDITOR or The SUN-Sir: Some
OF your correspondents say that magazine
editors do not examine the manuscripts sub
mitted TO them. My own experience proves
to me that some editors examine some manu-
scripts. Perhaps it is not safe TO assert more
than that.
Several years ago l submitted a poem
at least, some verses-to one of the fore
most magazines Of the country. the editor oil
which IL himself \ poet and ~distingulshed
critic OF poetry. On my next visit TO the
Office OF the magazine my manuscript. was
returned to me by one OF the sub-edttors,
who is himself a writer OF distinction, with
the message that the editor had praised my
poem highly but had declined IL for the
InoderD poetry does not concern ITSELF with
stories"
marvelled somewhat at the dictum but
took the manuscript elsewhere and sold ~ TO
an editor whose prediction was for stories.
After many moons I submitted another poem
to the first magazine. and in due time the
same sub-editor returned this second manu-
script with the message that. the same editor
had praised my work highly but felt con-
strained to decline IL because II had no
story in it,"
Sine then I have not tried TO sell verse TO
that particular magazine. ] am bound. now
ever. to admit that The editors criticism. was
correct in both instances, and 10 Tar as he -
concerned | have no reason TO complain OF
my manuscripts not being examined.
Does not this 90 to show that ma gaZine
tremely human? | will give you the names
of both gentlemen if you desire them for
publication. DAVID A. CURTIS.
NEw YORK, October 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12
Power From waste Gases.

From me Forum,
Enormous possibilities for power generation eGIs,
in the waste gases discharged by blast furnaces.
coke ovens and other metallurglcal furnaces.
Much greater progress has been made in utilizing
these In Germany than In other countries. IL
Is estimated that the so called lean gases discharged
from the blast furnaces Of Germany are capable Of
developing one million horse power. There are now
built and under construction In Germany gas en-
glnes for this purpose aggregatlng 4OO.OO0 horse
power. These are mostly in large units, one nrm
alone having constructed l4O engines. ~lotalIlng l0.
600 horse power.
The utilization OF coke oven gases has proceeded
more slowly, although the gas discharged from
such ovens is OF a much higher calorinc value than
the lean blast furnace gas. The richer gas enables
a greater power TO be obtained from an engine of a
given size than Is possible with the poorer furnace
gas, but the lean gas permits a higher degree OF
compression to be used without danger OF prema
turc Ignition, this giving the somewhat paradoXlcal
result that the poorer gas enables the higher thermal
efficiency to be attained.
There Is little doubt that the apparent reluctance
on the part OF iron manufacturer and metallurglsis
TO install great gas power plants Is largely due 10 the
fact that the manufacture and sale OF power Is an
altogether different business from any of the metal
lurglcal Industries and that in many Instances a
power plant is dependent upon local industries
which have to be built up In the vicinity. Although
a portion OF the power of Niagara Is transmitted 10
Buffalo. the greater part of the output Is taken
ny the electro chemical and other works situated
near the power house. The same plan is needed
TO obtain the best results from the utilization OI
furnace gases, since only a small proportion OF the
total power available Ia needed for driving blowing
engines and other machinery about the iron works.
and a profitable outlet must he provided for tho
remainder. To develop the million horse power
which II is estimated Is now being wasted in the
discharge gases OF the British metailurRlcal indus
tries might well be the work OF an altogether sepa
rate commercial organization.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12
PORTO RICO PROSPERING.
Larger Sales for All Her staples During
the Last Fiscal Year.

To TIE EDITOR or TIE SUN-Sir: Porto
Rico has come to the front during the last
two years az a well 10 do community. She
has made giant strides toward complete re-
covery.
We have at rand the statistics just given out
by the customs district Of Porto Rico for the
fiscal year ended june 30. The purchasing
power of the island increases at an astOnish-
ing rate. Indeed. when a country los miles
long by AZ miles wide and peopled by a mill
ion souls buys from the United States during
that period Of time t3. 347. l0l in rice alone 1t
is a pretty good showing. The %. 24O, $40 paid
this country for manufactures OF steel and
iron indicates a determination 70 augment
with the building OF new and up 10 date
plants the production OF sugar, which has
Increased from lbs, 500 tons. with a value. Of
SIi OPS SIS. in 1905, TO 2oS, 272 tons. With a value
cloth and its manufactured goods ia 1908.
compared with the 81, 100. OSS in 1906, reveals
clearly a 6 SeaSIsioG SI pT ssa dsSry Sm p2oSu !hs
are on the list for l .60O.8 7l,. which denotes
a favorable. change from the compulsory
occupation following the destructive cyclone
to the luxury Of palatable canned goods from
the northern markets.
Porto Rico Increased from SIS. oT4.O go In the
preceding fiscal year 70 sl0.224 .ssl in 1906.
show a notable increase, mainly in sugar.
Leaf tobacco and manufactured cigars found
n market worth ", 80, ll5 III the lnIeu States
in 1908. a. compared with g.. 5oS. 39s in 1905.
and fruit. the cultivation OF which Is now
getting scientific attention from the Porto
Rican planters, had sales apprOximating
$500. 100.
While sales OF coffee to foreign countries
have increased from 81 $50 ,aeT in 1905 to 81, asa
O33 in 1906, those to the United States have
shrunk from t27s. 46l and SOL SAP in 1904 and
1905 respectively to t27, Oo9 In the last fiscal
year. In seeking to analyze this steady retro
gression one cannot understand how. with a
Porto RicAn commercial agency established
in New York. we have not made any Roadway
In introducing our coffee.
There II no doubt that the ascending pur-
chasing power OF a country. either in raw
materials or manufactured goods. IL a sure
sign of prosperity, as the act OF buying means
the possession OF money OF an Industrial
equivalent In the exchange of products. Per-
init me to quote a few sentences from a recent
letter from a prominent island official in
answer TO an inquiry as to the truth of the
wild stories depicting widespread misery
and starvation in Porto Rico: Il think II is
important to obviate any possible belief
that Porto Ricans are beRgars. The island,
| am glad to say, il progressing greatly. |
still Ina We hopes that some day we may secure
the American market for our coffee. bur IN
spite OF not having obtained this ADVANTAGE
tobacco. sugar and citrus fruits are all con-
tributing their part to make the island
weelthy." ID. COLLAZO.
NEW YORK. October 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12

that a MInlstry's title to existence must
DO based on it's possession, not Of a ma
jority in the Chamber, but Of q majority
Of the -bloc." II follows that II the
Breton resolution should secure a majorD
ity Of the bloc" the Sarrien Cabinet
would quickly fall 10 pieces, even though
by a momentary coalition with the Right
and Centre OF the Chamber Il should
obtain a vote Of confidence. The Rad
i~cal-Socialist members Of the present
Ministry would resign, and another
Cabinet would be formed, from which
NJ. CLEMENCEAU would DO excluded.
There is no lack Of material in the bloc"
for a new Premier. Either ex-Premier
BOURGEOIS or ex-Premier BRISsoN would
&C., EHS 70 is doubtful whether either Of
them would show himself any more dis
posed than is NJ. CLEMENCEAU to close
the churches two months hence. Ex-
Premier CoMBEs might undertake the
job, but even he would scarcely relish
it. A Radical Socialist Premier deter
mined to carry out the Breton programme
is conceivable, but improbable.
~ II, vi NOulSOi always POnotOlC thaN
the bloc" which has justly been de-
scribed as a fOrtuitous of
atoms Cemented by self-interest alone,
may be broken up. That it should have
held together so long as it has is surpris-
ing. The bloc" once shattered, a new
combination might be formed, the core
OF which would be the Republican Union,
composed largely Of former followers Of
GAMBETTA and JULES FERRY. Such a
nucleus might attract Radicals Of the
Bourgeois type on the n hand and
Moderates Of the Ribot school on the
other. A party thus constituted might
agree upon n programme with which
even NJ. CoMBEs. the author Of the Sep
aration act, should be satisfied. At the
same time tranquility would be assured
if the programme, while insisting oil the
abolition of the Concordat and upon the
execution Of all the principal features Of
the Separation law, should yet evince a
willingness to facilitate some arrange
ment by which church buildings and
other property indispensable for relig-
ious services might be left in Catholic
hands. To onlookers it seems incredible
that a majority of the Chamber Of Depu-
ties should wish to plunge the French
Republic into confusion and tumult that
might easily bring about a civil war.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12
SEISMIC ~DTSTURBiNCES.
A Theory Advanced That the Explosions In
Mans wars May Cause Them.

To THE EDITOR or THE SCN-Sir; The
editorial in The SCN OF October $ entitled The
Act of God. " referring 10 the great seismic
catastrophes OF the present year. prompts ma
TO ask whether these events are not possibly
due in part to human agencies.
The effect of powerful explosives on tho at
mosphere II well known. II may be asked
whether our modern wars. with their power
ful and long continued explosive a%ctlNliv,
have not a marked and worldwide Influence
on the atmosphere that surrounds the earths
surface. II the equilibrium Of this atmoS-
Dhere should suffer a violent disturbance IN
this waY, would il not In turn have an efcct
upon the condition of the eRrth's surface.
which we are told Is a comparatively thin
crust or shell? Might not a slight contraction
or expansion Of the earth's shell under The
conditions OF its everything element
be responsible for the events that have been
40 frequent and 10 destructive of late years
throuRhe earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, NINE
EXPLOSIONS, ida waves and like Disasters
what urges me the more to ask this slngli-
lar question il the fact that going over he
dates of the Nesuvian eTuptlons. OF earth
duAkes and similar disasters during the last
forty-six years. I md these events in the
and wars. The more recent the wars have
been the greater has been their explosive
activity, and the more violent and the more
prolonged seem TO be, as q CONSEQUENCE
seismic and meteorological disturbances.
If this is the notion Of a visionary, let II ia
dismissed with a smile. But II there rs posi-
bly, an element Of truth in the proposition, u
NAV set scientists to thinking. A. C. l.
UPPER LAKE. y. Y. October o.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12
Authorities AGAINST HAECKEL,
An Imposing Array OF Scientists opposed
Il His Philosophy.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir; In response
TO Mr.. Harry Douglas Robinss request in TIE SUN
OF October A.. will say that the quotation regarding
HaeckclS pedigree OF man was taken from Du Bots
Raymond R,rue Seiennnqus. 1877. J.. 1IOi.
As TO the phIlosophlc thinkers whose works II Is
asserted constitute q refutAtlon Of Haeckel's phi.
losophy. II Sir oliver Lodge Is not suriclently con-
vinclng. | would refer Mr.. Robins TO "The Old
Riddle and the Newest Answer" by John Gerard. s.
j., 2. L. s.. second edition. LongmAns. Green & Com
pany. also to Present Day RAtionAlism." by Pro-
feSsoT HenslOw.
The most complete reiutAtion. however. with
which 7 am familiar Is "HAeckeI'S Monism False
by Frank Ballard. NJ. A., d. d, n. Sc, r. r. NJ. s.,
&c. published by c. II. Kelley, London, in VIII Oh
Professor Ballard treats the monstlc s. stem Of
Haeckel quite eXhaustively. and as far as ! am able
to Judge successfully refutes In detail most OF its
essential contentious. While not devoted TO this
particular subject, the "NstuTSlism and AgnOSti
ciSm" of james ward. Sc. D.. professor OF phi,
losophy Of Cambridge. will be found to throw a
good deal OF Hight upon the matter at issue.
As to whether moniSm lives or dies with Haeckel'
do not well see how l could enter upon this sub
feet, as there arc several diversified forms Of mon
ism, while my criticism referred solely 10 that mar
tIcular doctrine Of which HaeCkel Is the chief eX
ponent. Did space permit II would he an easy
task to point out some OF tho essential defects In
Haeckel'S philosophy, such as his acceptance OF
the law Of conservation. OF energy and OF the
DArwinIaL Hypothesis OF natural selection as aXiO
matte, but the subject Is too large to handle In such
A manner as this. and II has been fully treated In
many well known works. q few only OF which have
been Indicated above. L. II. STARKKT.
BROOKLYN, October 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-10-12
Governor PrOctOr's HereSy.

What ails FLETCHER ID. PROCTOR? He
was born to Republicanism, nurtured
on the pure milk Of protection, schoOled
in the holy mysteries of the sacred tariff
from earliest infancy. All his days his
opportunities to learn the right path
have been su~perexcellent. From boy
hood he has enjoyed peculiar facilities
for distinguishing truth from error.
Yet in his inaugural message" to the
General Assembly of Vermont Governor
PROCTOR said:
" To be sure. We cannot create prosperity simply
by legislation; true prosperity must come from a
deeper source. II must come through the efforts
Of the peopie-through taking advantage OF natural
conditions and opportunities. We shall prosper
agricultuTally only so far as the farmer employs
the opportunities and natural conditions at his
command. Manufacturing will develop In Yer
mont only so far as brains. capital and energy
utilize the splendid opportunities In our hills and
waterfalls and our reasonable proximity TO markets,
But your duty 10 the State Is none the less impor.
tant. for II rests with you to so leglslate as TO foster
and not discourage industry. TO promote and not
TO retard prosperity. and 20 give to all our people
the employment of as many public blessings as is
consistent with the economical administration OF
their public Affairs"
What sentiments are these for a young
Republican, dwelling in a stronghold
Of Republicanism, to utter? The con-
sistent Republican doctrine, the doc
trine preached by such masters as the
mighty SHAW, the reformed CANNON,
the sapient FAIRBANKS, the thoughtful
SHERMAN, is that all prosperity comes
from law, and only from Republican
law at that. Congress and Tama JIM
make the corr and wheat TO grow. High
protection planted the minerals in the
earth, the fish in the sea. The rains fall
and the sun shines because the Dingley
tariff law was passed. Can any man
doubt these truths? Send him to the
Republican text book.
Governor PROCTOR has strayed far from
the ways of virtue. He will be lost unless
he is reformed Immediately. Ahigh coun-
Gil Of Republican physicians should be
convened Immediately to treat the alarm
ing symptoms0 political sanity and good
sense he exhibits.