davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01
SCORED TOWN TOPICS
Editor Golfers Weekly Cleared d
Criminal Libel Charge.


Va - HI. 80. $500 AZ A.. .sss..m,.s. n,
NeM AoEM Jan e'.n p y ~. |. y
sensAtlCnal stlal cans u q ~ ~ ~. !,
Wnen Jury " sns crlm $1,000 W.. TlalS ". 4
tne supreme couI. Eepor.su snas ~. 49, \,
man aApsoou' sul.oE = 0o,lls. 49, ~. .,
" wa ri uAW Y z, Y. ~ $500. -
rAs case nao pssn y w. y. u y VI N 4
Weeks Ane vsIuiCs 80 synu sa ..,. q.
minutes aAter me cess nay psen 49,. NJ.
2 tne Jury !le o1alss $500 ".
hapsoca Wv DtUuEn1 n ~ 49,, .As.'ss I.
tlon q justice sUSspn ~ s. ~ ~. Y.
ne court Of speclaa ss,s,Ons ~ IS.
Dased upon NJ sul.o!aal n $500 III ~
eqi.or criuclsso sustCe Dsusl IT ~
ccnneCV'On WE .Uwn 4. lvy.Ss' u.
Ane Leai lnlelest y w 800 wa I'D ~ "
% tne lae. tnaI ny na.ns. y 1879 -
persons q me nisnes. sOclal ~ y
nanciai STANDING psuame ,nvO.ss y
'througn tne enolss = ~ $500. 3
prove tnat tne ssasenen's eO l. u. !
n tne aliegea llDss wsls C ,ps, ~. q, !
tnereIore !usunsu y a.'eln y ~, n,l 80
some q me inner wC a,.l9 Y l .,,s,.
TOPICS, 2 WepAiy puDA.c sn
circuiases exgenslyely " soc,Al CT
cles' were lag pare. y We y W.
connection ana aiso snlOusn ssS.lmv
ny concerning llmitea euitlon IoOA
which pore me ille Eacs ana ran-
ciesS that the names Of promlnen.
persons became involved, faqs ana
Fancies" was SOLD % suDscrlDeIs Y, y
$500 or more per COPY AMONG lns
witnesses who testified a. me triai
were Commodore ElDrldge 7. Gerry,
Oliver H. P. Belmont, Harry :. Lenr'
Bernard n, Baker. Of Baltimore, Col
Mann, Justice Deuel. and Robert J..
Collier.
N summing up on behalf Of tho de-
Tense, Edward N. Shepard gave Col.
william Dalton Mann. editor Of Town
Topics, one Of the most merciless ex-
ccriationa ever heard in a New York
courtroom. incidentally, Justice Deuel.
came In for q fair share Of the bitter
attack.
''Deuel has been an oficeholder Ell bis
IIfe:' Shepard said. From the time
he came to this city he has lived on Of
public once. ana before be came here
he occupied Offices down south. His
action IN this matter has proved him
a l1elrvlI ana HYDE az the bench. He
ahonld n. rSmovsd .
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01

san Domingo. Jan. 30. General Bar
ba. the only remaining rebel chief IN
the northern part 81 the country has
surrendered, accepting the guarantees
81 the government. Action on the
treaty 1t Washington Is anxiously -
waited. The Dominican congress meets
February ~ and II Is certain that the
treaty win be passed 80 soon Is pre-
scented.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01

washington, Jan. so.-oov. Ma
COON. Of the canal zone. arrived in
washington from New York Monday
and came at once to the war depart
ment tospay bis respects to Secretary
TAFT. He was called here to attend
TIM meeting Of the commission which
must pass formally upon the merits
Of the majority and minority reports
Of the board Of committing engineers.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01
MR. SHONTS' SALARY
Receives $4,000 as President Rail.
road, $4,000 from Government
lib TESTIFIES BEFORE COMMITTEE.
Women Taken to the Isthmus ~
Observation-Disclosures Left BIZ old
French Company WortIriess-
Criticism for wallace.

Washington, Jan. 27.--That he draws
$4,000 annually from the Glover Leaf
route Is an admission made Friday by
Theodore P. shonts, chairman Of the
Isthmian canal commission, which may
have an important bearing on the canal
Investigation. Mr.. Shonts was called
BY the senate interoceanic canal COM
mittee Friday to make q general state
ment Of ell matters over which be
exercised control He was asked TO
state his former employment He
said that be had been president Of the
Clover Leaf route. After giving the
mileage Of that road and some other
general information It was brought
out that be still receives $4,000 year
and continues to hold the title Of
president. He says that he does not
give any time to the management Of
the road. but that reports are sent to
him and frequently oficials Of the
road come to Washington to consult
him.
After getting into the record the.
fact that Mr.. shonts receives $4,000 Q
year from the United States the chair
man Of the commission was allowed to
proceed II was stated BY members
Of the committee, however, that when
they take up the question Of reviewing
salaries, Mr.. Shonts' case will be
met. Mr.. Shonts, In interesting testi-
inony. admitted that the commission
had paid for the importation of women
Into the canal zone, the women being
the families Of laborern from Martin
iQue and that there IL no way for the
to recover It's money.
Mr.. Ghonts expressed the opinion
that the canal commission should feed
its laborera, but said several older men
IN the isthmian service believed In the
contract system. Prices for al food
strffs were high when the present
commission took hold Of affairs on the
isthmus. said Mr.. Ehonts, and he then
told Of opening the commissary de-
pertinent to the laborers IN order TO
remedy these conditions. He discussed
the Markell contract.
The appropriations had been sun
Client to carry on the work until July
] and that TO make the dirt hy"
about $500 white men and from 10000
to 1900 colored men are all that
could be accommodated under the
present conditions.
Senator German said that the gem
eral impression was gained at the
time Mr. shonts went to the isthmus
that he had criticised Chief Engineer
Wallace for dilatoriness, and that he ,
proposed to make q showing at once.
Mr.. shonts denied that he had made |
, statement at any time.
Senator German conducted an ex-
tended examination OF the witness
concerning conditions at the time Mr..
surrendered charge Of the
work and Mr.. Stevens took control,
He showed that Mr.. Stevens had In.
creased the payroll from 5000 to 49,
900 men In three months without do
Ing anything toward digging the ca
nal Concerning the expenditure Of
,5oo.oao by Mr.. Wallace to estimate
he cost Of removing the dirt from
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01

ST Petersburg. Jan. 1s.-count W.T..
t. Sunday received a telegram from
General Llnsvitch Reporting that 81 q
quiet with he Msne1urian armles. Ids
general slao reports that order prevails
q Vladlrosiok. where ne udIfnon1
sailors have bsen dIsafmed
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01

gutft q O.. 10 nnII1 On FnrlHs.
Portland. Ore. jar. so--Ihe Egen-
he Islsgram Monday szys thai ". p
Hlgbls sud J. 81 Barry, fepfeeenlinl
spin q o.. q cnloato. afe n ih'a
cl1 perlectihE rIa1s fef ~ con-
slrnc|on o. q, 81 lo1nu rc1i1r1it
q a. abafic'f saa r1ttins plant 3,
cast ID ~ 4 loct q ctl nl'lo.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01

Paris. Jan. 2o.-At Neuiily-sur-
Seine, near Paris, Minister Of War
Etienne Sunday unveiled 4 monument
to the aeronauts who served during
the siege Of Paris. After tho cere-
mony the minister presented CROSSES
Of the Legion Of Honor and other
decorations to the surviving aero
nauta. The monument was designed
by Bartholdl
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01

Chicago, Jan. 2s.- Prediction Of ruin
to the gas companies failed to move
the aldermanie heart Saturday, and
after a lively session the council com
mittee on gas, oil end electric light.
which has been holding an extended
investigation into gas finances, agreed
on a rate Of S. cents per 1000 cubic
70.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01
FRON THE HOUR OR BIRTH


Mothers are a1surcd Of the absolute
purity and unfsiling efficacy q Cuficura
Soap and Cnilcufa Ointment, The crest
Slti1 cufa. n thu preservation and rurI-
fosiion Of The tli1. soaip. hair. md hand1
ol Infants and chldle1 For baby ecls-
mas. ralhes. iichinU and ch.fn, as
vel ns for annoying irlitatIons and
uIcelalirs Usttn1l, and many 1ln1-
tive NnIiz1li1 rmroes U1io1 rllfIl
sna4o.I .hfI1ts b mother. a. WI
- l1l ~ ~ pfrcel1 a. lhe t1lr-.
bath. I'D ntr11g. CutIzua Sep nd
cr|'1rn Oi1I10-1l aI1 r|l1l11l.
>, ss.t c. - y. o..
Is. e. - ~ {" Z. 81. = =. u e. 0I'.'l
- - 80 -
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01
~. running up follows:

- = AN-aAAAAN ~ AyAA0Wns% lN vi gf
CoI. Mann's compliments to the
president. and requests the honor oe
acceptance Of the work. 'eNadh ana
Fancies. for representation in which
The president was pleased % RIye =.
Ss:ssvETnpn % mrs. hampton SINE
three years ago. and whinz y s.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1906-02-01
SCOTS
EMULSION

SCOTS Emulsion is the
means Of life and Of the en-.
joyment Of life Of thousands d
men, women and children.
To the men SCOTS EmuI-
sion gives the flesh and
strength so necessary for the
cure Of consumption and the
repairing of body losses from
any wasting disease.
For women SCOTS Emul.
sion does this and more. Il IS
a most sustaining food and
tonic for the special trials that
women have to bear.
To children SCOTS Emnl.
sion gives food and strength
for growth Of flesh and bone
and blood For pale girls.
for thin and sickly boys Scots
Emulsion IS a great help.
Bend 4ar Irna saannln.
SCOTT 4 BOVINE. chan.i.ts.
foe-ti1 P1.fi street. Nanrcl1
500. 1n4 9l,oQl alI t'r1t
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
GIGANTIC MAP OF
EVA PLANTATION
ONE THAT SHOWS EVERY FIELD,
ROAD, FLUME AND DITCH is
JUST BEING COMPLETED.

surveyor w. A. wall is just COM
pleting a gigantic map of Eva Plan
tation to be hung in the Office of the
manager of Eva.
This map is drawn to scale of 400
feet to the inch, and on this scale, to
show the whole plantation, which
stretches for a distance of nearly ten
miles in one direction, the map is made
approximately seven and a half by II
feet The paper on which to draw it
was sent for especially, to Germany
In order that the map should be
exact, complete surveys of the whole
plantation were made anew Every
monument and landmark was relocated.
Every field was re-measured. The
lines of the fumes and roads and rail-
roads and irrigating bitches were all
re-run.
In the map the various fields are
given contrasting colors so as to be
quickly and readily distinguished. On
the map the area of every portion of
each field is given and on the margin
the total acreage in each field. The
map shows exactly how water is
brought to each field, and its source.
The map shows every railroad, wagon
I road, flume, stone wall, fence, ditch,
water course, pumping station, well,
mill, pipe line, gulch, stone pile, house,
stable and other building.
It shows the wharf reservation and
the channel through the entrance to
Pearl Harbor and the five fathom line
in the west loch of Pearl harbor. De-
tails of the physical conditions and the
bornngs at the wharf reservation are
also shown.
There is also shown the pavilion and
club houses and recreation grounds on
the plantation, and the reservation for
town sites for the permanent laborers
who are expected to be brought to the
Territory through the agency of the
Territorial Board of immigration.
! These town sites are all plated, so
that the map shows where they will be
I located and the plan of each.
/ Another map of the same size will be
made for use at the office of the agents
1 Castle & Cooke.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
VERY HEAVY RAINS
REPORTED ON HAWAII
PAHALA AND NAALEHU GET
COPIOUS STORMS-MAUNA LOA
ARRIVED THIS MORNING.

There have been exceptionally heavy
rains in Kau during the last week.
Purser Friel of the steamer Mauna Loa
which arrived yesterday from her
run to Hawaii and Maui ports, says
that from Monday afternoon to the
following Wednesday night last week
Z 1-2 inches of rain fell at Pahala and
at Naalehu for the same period the
rainfall was over inches. The rain
has been general about the island of
Hawaii, In Kona and Hamakua the
showers were frequent and heavy last
week.
The rains did no damage Every
thing is looking bright and green and
the prospects for good crops are excel
lent.
The Mauna Loa had a pleasant trip.
She brought a good sized crowd Of
passengers and considerable freight
for this port. She is discharging over
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
THE SALVATION ARMY.

Lieutenant George Clark, who has
been assisting in the work in Honolulu
for the last two months, will farewell
tonight at the hall, corner King and
Nuuanu street, and will proceed to
Koloa, Kauai, tomorrow evening on the
Mikahala, Adjutart Winter, from Ko-
loa, viii also farewell tonight, and
proceed to his appointment tomorrow
evening. The meeting will commence
at o'clock. Everybody is invited.
Tomorrow evening Colonel French
and the local corps will meet in the new
hail 5S Reretania street, near River
street, to dedicate the Chinese and
Korean Outpost, and the public is
cordially invited to attend the service.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
Friday, August Il.
PASSENGERS.
Arriving.

Per bark Andrew Welch, August "A,
from San Francisco-F. b. White and
wife, Mr.. Ellis.
Per stmr. Mikahala, August 10, from
Kauai ports-Mr and Mrs Kapahu,
Miss r. Akau, Kaai, w. Holokahiki,
Mrs. Alapai, Miss Kaai Miss H. Shell
don, c. A. Rice, ]. B. Hanaike, c. H.
Jennings, w. T. Rawlinss, DR.. All Duck
L. w. Hart, Father Adelbert, T. Ko-
matsu, F. Dodge, Miss Wodehouse Miss
H. Robertson, All Chop and wife, Chow
Look Kee, and II deck.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
TOBACCO HEART.

Constant use OF narcotics has a paral-
yzing effect upon the heart action. II
is first noticeable through a dull, I'M
easy pain around thu heart, accom-
panied with palpitation, shortness Of
breath, trembling, etc. You should
stop the progress of t. disease at once
with DR.. Miles Heart Cure. II
strengthens and repairs the nerve It's
sues, and restores healthy heart ac-
tiOn
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL-
TURE.-WEATHER BUREAU.
The following data, covering a period
of 20 years, have been compiled from
the Weather Bureau and McKibbn
records at Honolulu, T. H. They are
issued to show the conditions that
have prevailed, during the month in
question, for the above period of years,
but must not be construed as a fore
cast of the weather conditions for the
coming month.
Month, August, for 20 years.
TEMPERATURE, (1S9O-19O5.)
Mean or normal temperature, 79o
The warmest month was that Of 1900,
with an average of so.
The coolest month was that Of 1894,
with an average of TO.
The highest temperature was $50 on
Aug. 10, IL and Is, 1896; Aug. 4, 1877
Aug. 8, 1901.
The lowest temperature was go on
Aug. %, 1894.
PRECIPITATION (rain), 1S77-1S94 and
1862
Average for the month 1.54 inches.
Average number of days with OF of
an inch or NOR IA.
The greatest monthly precipitation
was 447 inches in 1888.
The least monthly precipitation was
0.16 inch in 1894.
The greatest amount of precipitation
recorded in any "a consecutive hours
was PSI inches on Aug. 10, 1888
RELATIVE HUMIDITY.
Average, 8 a. m, 661a; average 8 p.
h., 1870, QS99-19O4); average s a. m,
! 7O95, average, 8 p. M, 500, 09O5).
| CLOUDS AND WEATHER. (1S90-1905)
Average number of clear days, Il;
partly cloudy days, IS; cloudy days. 2
WIND.
The prevailing winds have been from
the northeast
The average hourly velocity of the
wind during August, 1905, was SO miles
The highest velocity of the wind dur
ing August, 1905, was % miles from
the northeast on the 9th.
Station-Honolulu, T. II
Date of issue-July 30, 1906
o'clock averages from records OF
Territorial Meterologist, o'clock aver
ages from U. s. Weather Bureau rec
ords.
VIM. B. STOCKMAN,
Section Director Weather Bureau.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
Pacific Mail Steamship Go.
Occidental & Oriental S. S. Co
Togo Kaisen Kaisha S. S. Co.
FOR SAN FRANCISCO.

call at Honolulu and leave this
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
HONOLULU LODGE GIG,
b. p. D. Il.

Honolulu Lodge No. GIG, B. P. o. E.,
will meet in their hall, on Miller and
Beretania streets, every Friday even
ing. BY order of the E. r.
HARRY e. MURRAY, E. r.
HARRY H. SIMPSON, Secy.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
Fraternal Meetings
HONOLULU AERIE I4O,
f. @, E.

Meets on End. and 4th. Wednesday
evenings of each month at 1880 o'clock
in X. of P. Hall, King street. Visiting
Eagles are invited to attend.
SAM'L McKBAGUE,, w. p,
H. T. MOORE, Secty.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
Oceanic Steamship Company,
TIME TABLE
roR SAN FRANCISCO.

ssenrer steamers OF line leave this port
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
ARRIVING.
Tuesday, August

Tuesday, August IA.
Schr. Kawailani, from Koolau ports
at p. m.
Am. ship Marion Chilcott, Larsen,
10 days from Monterey at D. m.
Am. bark Andrew WEIGH, Drew, Is
days from San Francisco at $50 p. m
Wednesday, August 10.
Stmr. Mikahala, Mitchell, from Ka-
uai ports at 4:05 a. m.
Thursday, August 16.
Stmr. Claudine, Parker, from Maui
ports and Hilo, due early in morning.
Friday, August II.
S. S. Alameda, Dowdell, from San
Francisco, due in morning
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
shipping MIELLIGENECE
TIDEs. SUI AND MOON.

For additional and later shipping see
pages 4, or S.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15

5000 bags of sugar into the S. S. En-
terprise. The sugar is for the Spreck-
els refinery at San Francisco.
Queen Liliuokalani and party went
from Kailua to Lahaina by the Mauna
Loa.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15

Did you find rest and recuperation
at the sea shore?"
Yes. After the first day on the
board walk had to rest and recupe-
rate"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
lew Moon August 18Th, at 2.56 p. m.

Times Of the tide are taken from the
u. s. Coast and Geodetic Survey ia
bles. The tides at Kahulru and Hilo
occur about one hour earlier than at
Honolulu, Hawaiian sta dard time is
10 hours 80 minutes slower than Green
witch time, being that Of the meridian
Of 1877 degrees 30 minutes. The time
whistle blows at 1880 p. m. which Is
the same as Greenwich, hours, min
utes. The Sun and Moon are for local
time for the whole group.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1906-08-15
DEPARTING

Wednesday, August Is
Schr. Kawailani, for Koolau ports
at p. m.
Thursday August 16.
stmr. Mikahala, Mitchell, for Kauai
ports at p. m.
Friday, August II.
Stmr. Mauna Loa, Simerson, for Maui
and Hawaii ports at noon.
Stmr. Claudine, Parker, for Maui
ports and Hilo at p. m.
The Carlisle independent., 1906-11-01
-.vu UP
 SAN FRANCISCO
Citi1 Lens Make Maruelous Progress in
 the Work of Restoration.
NetD Buildings Finer Than Those Destroyed by the
 Earthquake and Fire, Going Up Euery Side "City Beautiful q Matter of Time

people away It requires only visit to San Francisco to disprove the re- port that the city has lost half it's population.
 The quake shook the life out of some old firms and hastened the birth of many new ones. Dozens of stores bear the names of men who were clerks before April IS. Merchants from other cities have stepped in and established houses here. Competition is keen. and money appears to be more plentiful than for many years.
 The financial soundness of San Francisco has been demonstrated in various ways. The bank clearings are much larger than before the fire. Some of the new money comes from insurance companies, of course, but not all of it. The business of the banks is greater than ever. In some of them withdrawals exceed deposits, but the money withdrawn is going into reconstruction. Other banks are piling up deposits. The other day a little furry was caused by an attempt ed run on the Hibernia bank, one of the largest institutions in the coun- try. It was a grotesque failure as a bank run. The bank has S0,000 &C., counts, receiving no deposits ex- ceeding s3,000. It is reckoned as sol
The Carlisle independent., 1906-11-01

i'd as the treasury. A few frightened women formed a line, obtained their money and then returned and depos- ited it. With this exception public confidence in the banks has been ab- solute.
 The scarcity of skilled and un- skilled labor is the chief drawback to rapid construction. Wages are ex- orbitantly high, but this is the fault of contractors and proprietors rather than of the labor unions. The plumb CTS and stationary engineers thought they saw a chance to get rich quick, and raised their scale, but were not sustained by the labor council, which is an amalgamation of all the unions, and the old wages were restored. But the owners of buildings which were nearing completion at the time of the disaster are feverish in their anxiety to complete their buildings and obtain famine rentals, and their tactics in raising the wages of workingmen have caused labor prices to soar. On this emergency work plasterers are getting $9 to $11 day; bricklayers, s10 day; carpenters, $7 and S8;; stonemasons, $8 to S10, and ether skilled labor in proportion. San Fran cisco is a paradise for workingmsn
 Unskilled Labor in Demand.
 Unskilled labor is hard to find The
The Carlisle independent., 1906-11-01

degree never yet approached in America. A little study of the sit uation shows that this is nothing but dream. San Francisco people have enough on their hands in the way of getting into business again, in any shape, without tackling the great task of forming city on aesthetic lines. Here and there a street may be widened and little park estab- lished, but in the main there will be no attempt to reform the plans upon which the city was built. If it was difficult before the fire to obtain united action toward civic betterment, it is doubly difficult now, when every man must look out for himself.
 The railroads terminating at San Francisco are among the most potent forces in rebuilding the city. They saved San Francisco from panic and possible greater disaster during the time of stress by carrying away thou sands of people, free of charge, and bringing in emergency supplies.
 After the crisis the railroads turned in and assisted in the removal of debris. Temporary tracks were laid and rehabilitation was immensely as- sisted Merchants ordered big stocks of goods from the east, and the rail- roaGS rushed the stuff to San Fran
The Carlisle independent., 1906-11-01
All Looked Alike.

Uncle Eph had long boasted that he had never needed the services of doctor, but now he was i'll, and his neighbor felt that the time had come when physician should be called.
 Come now, Uncle Eph," said she, I've will call whenever you wish you know there's good allopath and a good homeopath, and there's a new doctor, az osteopath. Now, who'll you have?"
 Wal" drawled Uncle Eph, '1 dun no ez it matters-they do say that all paths lead to the gravel"