davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16

The Pennsylvania railroad is to equip
two freight cabOOseS on each division
of the system with compressed air
whistle, similar TO those on passenger
trains, as an experiment, and if il
works we'll all freight cabins will be
similarly equipped, says the Cleveland
Plain Dealer. The purpose is to make
it possible for fiagman to signal his
engineer when lie has caught up to
his train after having been back 20
give warning while his train was at n
Standstill. The caboOse whistle will
also he used for signaling when a stop
is desired
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16
A Novel Family Outing.

Mr.. and Mrs. Morgan Grass Of Jack
sonville, Fla. with two children. one
an infant of four months and the other
two years old, reached Saratoga recent
ly on an automobile tour which has al
ready covered more than 5000 miles.
The novel family outing has been In
progress for about month. The tour
is to continue Indefinitely.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16
NOTES OF THE RAIL WAYS
Coral For Ballast Used by Road
Through Florida Keys.
GREAT ENGINEERING PROJECT

Western Pacific Railroad to Build
Tunnels To EnterCaIifornia-F
nve Rores to BE Made-Pennsylyania
CabOoses TO Have lean
Wood For Ties-Warning Laborers
by MeRaphOne.
There is a section of the United
States where coral is exceedingly pop
ular as ballast for railroads, says the
New York Tribune. American railroad
builders have used nearly every con-
ceivable material for roadbed. from
solid granite 10 the shifting sands of
the great southwestern desert. held
together by growing vines. But it re-.
manned for the Florida East Coast
railway 10 construct IL roadbed out Of
material which, according To fashion
note, is growing i'll popularity as jew
elry.
The portion of the Florida road upon
which il has been found feasible to use
coral as ballast is i'll the extension
from Miami To Key West. along the
Florida keys. The reason for such
use is patent to the student of geology.
The keys through which the road runs
are composed of il. Coral rock is the
only thing obtainable except 10y loug
transportation. Many of the islets are
Il long way from the mainland. But i
beautiful and exceedingly substantial
TOadbed is being constructed out of the
coral rock. 1t is gliStening white, like
great band of satin ribbon. on which
the little islands. with their luXuriant
tropical growth. are strung like IL neck
lace Of emerald beads. 1t is more
truly gem studded bond. uniting Key
West 10 the Florida shore.
The road. which was conceived in the
mind of Henry NJ. Flagler as II part
of his plan 10 join Cuba with the Unit
ed States by an all rail route, is re-
markable in more than one particular.
Much of the roadbed is being construct
eel III water thirty or more feet deep.
Forests of trees are being used for
piliHg. and tons upon tons of concrete
are being dumped on top to form Il
highway through the ocean. |
When this unique railway is done |
the traveller will. i'll places, he speed |
ing along entirely out of sight of land. |
He will practically go TO sea in rail- |
way tram. Nothing will greet his eye |
at times but the wide eXpanSe of blue |
waters where the Atlantic and the |
gulf meet. The new line will cost from |
ST.. 100000 to S2O,0O0O0O 10 build. 1t !,
is expected to be completed in three
years.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16
QUEEN OF THE CAMELS.
Mile. AIIarty and Her CIeverness In
Managing Her FnvOrite Steeds.

Mile. Blanche Allarty, who recently
arrived in New York from Paris. is the
only woman trainer of camels in the
world. In the French capital she was
dubbed by the boulevardiers the little
queen of the camelS." She is Il native
of Paris. but most of her life has beer
spent in Tangier and other places in
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16

With the work. that is going. on along
the tracks of the New York Central
road in installing the electric system
comes a new development of the use
of the megaphone, says the New York
Press. Attached to eve<y gang of la
borers who are at work on the tracks
IS a boy who is armed with a fine
megaphone, who watches for the APP
proach of a train As soon as one gets
rs near the gang of track men as is
safe he shouts warning to them, and
they pile out of the way. These boys
are always Italians, and they seem to
enjoy hugely the authority that Is in
vested in them with the wide mouthed
speaking trumpet.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16

The Western Pacific railroad is per-
fecting plans to enter California, and
when the road is completed it will be
one of the greatest railroad engineer
ing feats in modern times, says Il San
Francisco special dispatch to the
Brooklyn Eagle. The engineers i'll
charge have instructions TO keep one
object in view - the straightest line
with the least grade. To accomplish
this forty-five tunnels will be bored i'll
eastern California between OrOville
and Beckwith pass. Instead of going
around mountains the Western Pacific
is going through them.
Tie longest Of the tunnels is that 1T
the head of Spring Garden, twelve
miles east of Quincy. This is cut under
the ridge dividing the north and middle
forks of the Feather river 1t will he
more than 1000 feet in length when
completed. The nett longest tunnel on
the road will be the one under Beck
with pass. This will be over 1000 feet
in length. and it is being bored at both
ends. The third tunnel will probably
be the most difficult engineering feat
OF all. as il will be cut through solid
rock for distance of 1000 feet. This
will be north of Quincy, on Spanish
creek
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16

Arrangements have been completed
at New Orleans by a company of the
City of Mexico to ship 1000 railroad
ties day to New Orleans for the use
OF the various railroads which are
building there. The ties will all be
of the Zapote wood, which is harder
than mahogany and which is not af-
fected by water, says the New Orleans
Picayune. DIR. Lorenzo Syper, who
is representing the company, said
that the wood had been tried in Mex
leo for ties. and it had been found that
the minimum life of tie of this wood
was fifty years.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16

All the news all the time = THE
ARGUS.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16
Weather Seer. on coming winter.

Charles F. Bennett. a well known
western Connecticut weather seer. who
bases his predictions on the condition
of the hogs. milt at ;butchering time,
recently announced his prediction for
the coming winter, says Southington
Comm correspondent. of the New York
Trisune Mr.. Bennett says: 1.-The win
ter will be somewhat more severe than
a year ago, but not SO severe as the
winter of 19f>4-eas There will be late
fall and an early spring, An ice crop is
assured, bur don't think it will be har-
vested until after January Mr.. Ben
nett predicted the mild winter of
19O5-O6.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16
ENGLAND's SEA PERIL
Crumbling of Her Shores Now
a Real Danger.
MANY THOUSANDS OF ACRES GONE

Royal Commission Appointed to De-
Ocean-TovnS Once gar Inland Now
Tapped by incoming Tfdes-A Fort
Captured by the Hungry Waves.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1906-10-16

Morocco. where her father, a French
army officer, has been stationed. 1t
was while in the African towns border
ing on the desert that she became ac-
quainted with Mr.. Camel, with whom
she has Travelled thousands of miles.
She became great favorite with him
and he with her. The camel with which
she is performing in this country is
named Sirdar. He was given to her
as pet by desert chieftain years
ago.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10

snoks, The nrst one In . long tims-
and ~ the rings a smoke icxfed up .
looked shroash The hxzs and thought
u you and other old friencs back 10
The dear cd blae grass stale. and
thought q the home coming In June:
and ~ondenet II ! would b. able 10
make the trip: Hauien sabe-" ! know
thai The six hundred thousand and
mere 81 as that are scattered through
out the land NH want 10 be there and
many VII so and many Of the unfor'
tunase ones win hare To remain b.
hind. This country here Is q coun-
Try II ever changing beauty ard q per
feet panorama of beautiful scenery,
hui there In no place On Gods fool
stool that can compare with old Ken
fusky, and ! believe thai when th<
rood God made Kentucky he was In 9
perfect good humor, and when ! STAR
70 heaven ! am going through Ken
lucky. Remember me kindly TO all oi
my old friendns
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
HOLIDAY SCENES N RUSSIA
Incident TO INAUGURATION
Of THE new PARLIAMENT
S. Petersburg Bsbtlns Mah Troops % Ave Populaes
Against Rcsous DEMONSTRATIONS
Empsrors Reception Passes nto History Without Any noward
lnedsnis-Czar Fsson Issislslen Lsskins ts Bstss-
, mani d passsnar Con6hsM.

st. Pefersburg. Nay lo.-An ideal
May day. like happy ansury. greeted
the uprising 81 The curtain FOR . new
act In the great historical drama. Rus
sia's struggle Tor liberty. Never aid
the capital present . more brilliant
picture tAaa Tor the inauguration u
the Russian parliament. The y}lox
imperial standard with ne double
hsads1 eagle, NV from The winter
palace and hass we're displayed every.
where. The hanks. schools, stores and
some u the factories we're clusai II
honor Of the occaaion. but there was
no general holiday declared. There
was something distinctiy svsinspirins
about the day, with visions o. chains
falling from another branch Of the hn
man race. and the Russian people
taking up the march ol modern civk
lixation. However, there was an a.,
situde of mutual suspicion between
the government md, the people 5hhs
could not be concealed. The Scify
looked as u n might have been 10
n stage OF siege. 80 heavy was the ar.
ray Of troops. Early this morning
palace square resemblei Il held camp.
and from all approaches The palace
was guarded for a distance of q thirs
Of mile. & s.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
las Vegas Police
Enjoying Snap

aside from being superior In many
other respects. Las Vegas In morally
the best town In these territories =
declared r. r. Clay, constable, In the
Office Of Judge Frank c. Bope, police
magistrate. to reporter for The op.
tic in guest ef police happenings this
afternoon.
why. there hasn't been enough po-
lice business In here 10 keep q fellow
interested. Sometimes We forget what
part We play In the guarding Of the
eits's peace. For the past month or
50 there has been very little going on
-,a this department. The peace in
this city seems to be able TO take
care Of itself pretty well without the
interference OF officers 70 protect II.
ITO what do attribute thisy"
Il don't know. It's because folks
are getting good, | suppose. That's
all the reason can assign for IL
Notice the furniturs In here. u
doesn't appear 10 have been used re-
Gently. does IT, And II didn't. IA.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
Mrs. Jeff Davis -.
Seriously Sick
According 10 Dispatch From
New York--Son-in-Law in j.
Colorado Uniniormed.

New York. May i0.--Mrs. Jefferson
Davis. wife OF the president Of the
Southern confedsrscy, In dangerously
IN of grip In her apartments At the
Hotel Gerard in this city. An Mrs.
Davis is nearly eighty years old It y
feared the attack may prove fatal
Hey daughter. Mrs, ]. Addison Hayes,
has been summoned from her home In
Colorado Springs @@
son-in Law Receives No News. i
Colorado Springs. Colo, May 1o.--J,
Addison Hayes. president Of the First
National bank 81 this city. and son-in'
law Of Mrs. Jefferson Davis, has re
ceived no news concerning the report
ed illness Of Mrs. Davis. Mrs. Hayes
gis at her home Ii this city. .
Mrs. Hayes today received q letter
from Mrs. Davis. stating that she was
Id her usual Sood health. She receiv
ed no reply to several telegrams sen,
this morning, on learning Of the re
port OF her mothers Illness. She stat
| ed that IL Mrs. Davis actually y III
| It is very sudden
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
GRAND Jury IS
! PROBING DR|-
Berry CHARGES
hsle laiN Cssst Msmbsss u
nassschusits Stsls lssis- :
lstnre.
pssess Ssvss ~ = Tpii Y lsrula-
- ~ - NJ Apesw
rsdsy,

Bosson. Nay 1o.-The 6sAolk eo~u-
y court hosss Vas plscs q Acsivisy
today uh<s members u ~ lsgisI@,
ture Appeared 70 snswsr . sumnoas
BY District AttSrHsy MeFan. csIltng
upon shem 20 testify before The srsnl
Jury on the subject u bribery ehasoss.
The unprecedented proesedines u
u estirs uenbesship q ths nsssAr
chusests generai ceuSt belag directed
10 appear before ths grand snry "
fracsed . largs numhsr q peopas -
the eorrs6oss u The co0rt bsil1ins.
seventy-Ave members * ths honss
have been Summoned TO sppear to-day.
A. these legislators were making thsir
way TO The court houss. pruceas serv.
ers. armed with summons for the -
mainder oi ihe Legislature started for
the stateaouse and ether places 10 -
liver the papers 10 the remaining
members 81 the house and senate.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
British Tennis
Champion Wins

London, May 1O.-At the Queens
club yesterday, after ! series a VIC.
tosiss against the leading British
covered tennis court experts, Jay
Gould vent down before me worlds
chamuios. Eustace Niles. In the
championship round. the latter win
nns 81. The American champion
started splendidly and won she firsl
set e.. but Miles perfect condition
seemed to tell, while Gould paipably
tired. The secoad set fell easy Il
Miles, e.i. II the third set Gould
made ! great fight and though tn
set Ultimately fen to Niles. 81. some
|of the best tsnnis seen hese IN yeays
was played. Ths fs1rtA Dst aist
went 10 Miles. ~.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
Peabody to be
Willing Witness

New York. May ic-The n y -
day says: District Attorney Jerons
has issued 4 subposa4 Tor chaslsG \.
Peabody, president or the Mutual
Life Insurance company compeilins
his attendance before 4 special grand
Jury investigating insurance matters.
Peabody. II IL understood. Will Be .
willing witness. and win tell an be
knows about the transactions carried
on through the Mutuai's department
In purchase and supplies dur.nE the
old regime. Since Peabody started
out on the task of searching the his.
tory Of this department, be has had 9
special COMMITTEES II work investigat'
Ing its affairs. and will bs able %
tell the special grand jury 4 good
many things that the Armstrong les
islative committee was nOt Able q
learn. Mr.. Jerome hGs not yet decid
Cd when Peabody WIN ~ called"
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
Storm Interferes
With Attendance

..rhe Wiaov ma thN P,OI'' ~
nresented iast njxht bv The Berger
s,ocn coun.ny " v~ry sDprecissivs
audience me weather Va pot ssch
- would iuv,,e apy ose. to ,ssve
fheir homes ana f.ce the esorm. hut
n spIsp n shis fact I soo6lv rumber
were present n the oeera house ana
m we're Kiad that ts>y brav<d ~
storm as they were heartily rscsid
for the,r trouble. n Bsrr>r I. 49,
fboi. showed hov 1 man csn = s -,
"A yet poss@ss cncueA inte.,iss.cs
ana faet 10 be vIctor,ouu over ~
many char.ctsr,st,cs n rfe HsIea
|K. Nay a. the widow ves crtsiniy
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
Suicide Theory
Gains Strength


New York, May 10.Interest In the
Investigation Of the mysterious killins
Of Charles L spier, Tie confidential
agent "a n \. Rogers, was mainly
confined today to the status Of hls
financial affairs, which have beer
found badly involved. Accountant
were 1t work on the books to-day and
4 was reported they have alread,
discovered indications of dfscrepan
cies which might account for the sui
eide theory. The whereabouts d Ger
tain securities belonging to Roger
was one Of the points investigated B,
the accountants.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
Thoughts Turn to
Boyhood Scenes
Col. 4. S. Taylor Anxious TO
Visit his Old Stamping
Grounds.

col A. 8. Taylor has his heart Get
on visiting the scenes = ~ bsyhccd
DAYS ID Ola Kentucky. and Incidental.
lv attending the forthcoming reunion
81 ex.Kentuckians. Witness the fcs'
lowing letter which he sent to Al old
friead back Ia the blue grass state,
ana which was given for publication
n the Paducah Daily Register:
~Tbe tobacco you sent me arrived
Yesterday all right Accept ny most
sincere thanks for the same. could
hardly wsit to open II before Allied
my meershanm and sat down n ny
offieS chair an1 f0ok . rsal Keatucky
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10

any unsoward Incident. The tone ri
she speech from the throne uas Coz
eilia.cry. The expressed enperor's
wish q that relief be given the peaS,
ants II their present unfortunate con
cittoas and he called on mesbeEs q
parusnent 10 put their hearts Into
their work and 10 cooperate with him
n solving ths present problems oI
Russia and 10 handing down IN united
|and pusperous empire 10 successors.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
SHOW FRISCO sir.
uArioM 70 WORLD

San Francisco, May 1O.--At d meet.
Ing Of the committee on reconstruc.
tion the California Promotion com.
pany was delegated TO prepare articles
and furnish Photographs TO newspa.
pers and magazines throughout the
world. giving the facts as To existing
conditions In San Francisco at the
time OF the disaster. Those articles
an@ photographs are IN course Of pre-.
naration and win shortly Be availa.
hle. 81
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
EAkrrcuAkG snock
N sEsRAskA

chiesEn. Mss la.-A dispatch fon
Cody. Seb. says. AT ss2s lssi nixhs
II earthquake shocs lasting nssrly
i minute uzs feit 10 Elkhosn valley,
the earth seeming 10 nsove north sna
south No damage 10 reported fresu
me various towns which have s~se
phone news. The towns m SiI sirse
ticns sor ! radius u SIXTY mixes r.
ported The shock
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10

Chicago. May Io.--Do~ie and voiivs
reached an agreement I'm court today
rpon the proposition for the mutual
representation in the management q
the financial affairs at Zion City. The
Dowie forces have appointed John A,
Lewis. while voiiva has named Alex
ander Granger. The third member Of
the committee IL stiii TO be chosen.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10

adopted declaring that the wages for
pnblic and private employment at or.
dinary and unstllled labor should be
$3.50 for nine hours. The resolution
was adopted THIS rate has been
nxed BY the building trades council.
Employers pay your men something
at least daily. 70 that they may be
able to pay for their meals IL the
request made yesterday by Gen. Gree.
" In asking TO cooperation of the
business men o. the city IN restoring
normal conditions. !,
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
cRoWos chEGa IN.
pGRoR AND EMpREss,

l<tersbsrx, May It's p M
T1p emperor ana empress. after leav.
= Athe winter palace we're greeted
~ member. of parliament. They en-.
tered their launch and passed down
the river boarding the imperial yacht
and returning to Peterhof. Crowds on
the hanks of the river and island
heartily cheerea the imperial party.
There was no other incident.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
Rain Floods Cellar
Fall Nearly Inch

hhlu Tell SoMltuuUunsy sol ~
hours In Ias Vegas and victniiy yes
terday afternoon, The precipitation
il estimated at about one Inch Gut.
tiers we're stuffed d their refuse and
the streets presented ! wcll WASHED
appearance this morning, The fall
began about I O'Clock and continued
until six. Ii some fnstanccs water
oyerflowed the CUTTERS and did slight
damage. Several cellars were food.
ed, but the water disappeared almost
as quickly as It ran IN.
Considerable damage from flooding
was reported at the Grand Leader on
Douglas avenue where the water ran
into the trench dug n the car
tracks and percolated through the
soil into the basement where consid-
erable stock Is stored. ]. B. Moser,
proprietor Of the Grand Leader.
stated this morning thst he could not
arrive at q definite figure = cover
the damage. He declared m invent
ory win be necessary before he can
arrive 1t an accurate approximation.
Water flooded the basement TO i
depth of three inches. A rnmber d
mattresses and trunks and many
pieces of furniture were soaked more
or less and the clerical force we're
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
FORMER LIS
VEGAS CITIZEN
LOSES H|sLIFE


A dance hall braxL which ended 10
one or the Deiiigerents drawing . re'
soiver and nring without making sars
IN Ms target, resulted in The death =
Michael Rennahap. an A. 7. Z . +
railroad switcnmsn. who formerly Nv
cd in Las vegss The tragedy tool
place last Saturday night st saa
Beinardino, CAL Several Asxiczns
became engaged In q quarrel shicn
terminated In the shooting. Mr.. Ren'
.nahan meeting the all TOO frequent
fate Of the innocent bystand&r.
The deceased lived for q number oi
years In Las Vegas. and was for z
time employed locally by the Santa
re. He was was weilknown here
and the news Il his tragic death viii
be q shocking surprise to his many
friends In the city He is . son oi
John Rennahan. who is now located
at watrous, employed at the stone
quarry or Langtry Bros. The father
was notified Of his sons tragic death
In telegram and left as soon as be
could for San Bernardino.
The San Bernardino Sun in its Is,
sue the day following the fatal shoot
Ing ARRAY devoted considerable space
to the tragedy, which caused intense
excitement when the details became
known. Extracts from the story as
narrated In the local newspaper are
as follows: vs..
"A bullet that was meant for an.
other man last night took the life Of
Michael Rennahan, o well known 10
cal Santa Fe switchman. the tragedy
taking place i.pont 1850 O'Clock in
Third street at the foot Of the stairs
Of Damron's hall. -
"The shooting grew ont of . fight
II which several Mexioans. who bad
been attending depce at the hall.
were engaged. The fight started q
The top o. the stairs. the men fghtins
all the way down and out on the
street, when one of them was stagger.
ed BY q blow. He then came back
with a shot from his pistol, the bull.
let striking Rennahan. who was only
d spectator. The ball passed In at
the right eye and out at the back Of
the skull and behind the left ear. :.
chief OF Police W. A. Shay and
Sheriff J9C. Ralpns were both quickly
at work on the case with their, en-
tire force. ana . number of suspects
wers locked up, and the officers be
iieve they. have the murderer In the
person Of Ansel Pima.
"The murder caused intense excite
ment on the streets, as the victim
OF the bullet was one OF the bes'
known railroad men IN the city. b
having been ii the employ Of th,
Santa Re IN Gan Bernardino for I
number Of years. He leaves q rnothel
/ and sisters and brothers, Of whom
he was the sole support. His 10
. ther Ii supposed to be living IN Lo'
Angeles. There was no more ropn
lar railroad enploye N the city thai
Mife ksnnahan. @
.sThe body wss removed 10 the m
derfaking pariors Of the Aldridge 4
Stephens company. where Coroner y
p,tsman win hold the inquest toda,
Or tomorroE. 5S #85
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
CLEVELAND srRIkE OFF;
DOCK WoRkERs REpoAr.

! Buffalo N. Y. May 10.--In accord.
lance with the agreement reached at
cleveland last night. al workers Oh
the docks reported for duty today. st
WIN require about ten days to clear
mp the consested condition Of the
harbor.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1906-05-10
sANk PREsloehT
SHOT ~ 1aoTHEn.

Montexnma, IND, Msy 1o.-W. H.
Sylvester, president o. the Fist Ma
tional bank of Montesuna, was shot
and killed at noon today IN his homo
By his brother. whose mind 10 beiiev
"a u ~ Affected.