Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1906-07-12


widely discrepant theories evoked in
newspaper interviews with experts as
to the cause of the earthquake. Seis
mology is young science, with much
yet to accomplish, but it is not so en-
tirely chaotic as a compilation of these
incompatible views would indicate.
Vesuvius the cause? Certainly. Ger
tainly not! I am not prepared to say.
The cause was fault. 1t was sim
ply combination of an earthquake
and a seaquake. 1t was caused by
sunspots- 1t was due to the shrinking
OF the earth's crust
And as it goes; there is no limit to
the variety of opinion that can be ex-
tracted by the simple process of ring
ing doorbells. The methods of science
are more deliberate, and in the course
OF time more will be known. That
there are so many shades of opinion is
due to the fact that there are various
types of earthquakes. The results are
essentially similar whether the initial
shock comes from volcanic action or
from the sudden fall of large area OF
earth, and the seat of the disturbance
Is ordinarily so far removed from d.
rect observation that it can be discov-
cred only by scientific inference.
It is to be noted, however, that the
recent earthquake goes to discredir
Perrey's celebrated tidal theory. by
which the cause was the action of the
moon upon the hypothetical liquid
mass of a molten interior His laws
as deduced from statistics, are "a
that earthquakes are more frequent at
new and full moon, CD when the moon
is approaching its least distance from
the earth, 60 when the moon is near
the meridian. His statistics showed
that rather more than half of an OBJ
served series of quakes occurred when
the moon was within as degrees of the
meridian. At San Francisco the moon
must have passed the meridian by
rather more than so degrees when the
shock occurred. The discrepancy
would not beAvery serious if the other
laws" were observed but as a matter
of fact the moon approached apogee
april 24) and not perigee (April 81,
and lacked five days of being new
Thus the earthquake does not conform
in any particular to Perrey's SO
called laws, which have received from
GNentists more laborious investigation
SNthan they perhaps merited, because OF
rather striking table of percentages
which more extended observation has
discredited.
Many references have been made to
I be grade of the earthquake, and some
Misrepresentation has been shown as to
Nthe nature of such scale. Costly ano
delicate as are the instruments of The
Laboratory, they do not as yet serve
! for measuring intensities. Just as j,
is still necessary to depend on the eye
for measuring the magnitudes of stars
the magnitude of earthquakes must be
estimated in merely popular way
and the efforts of scientists thus faI
have been to find some clear tests
that can be generally applied with a
minimum of ambiguity. The standard
scale is that devised 80 years ago b,
Prof. di Rossi of Rome and Prof. Fore
of Geneva The ten grades are as
follows.-
~ Microseismic; felt only by deli
cate instruments.
(2) Extremely feeble; felt by g
few persons at rest.
(3) Very feeble; direction or dura
ton appreciate.
(4) Feeble; felt by persons in mo
tion doors and windows rattle.
CD Moderately intense; felt by all;
furniture shaken.
(6) Fairly strong; sleepers wake;
small bells ring; clocks stop; trees
are agitated; some persons leave theil
dwellings.
"a Strong; plaster falls; church
bells ring; general panic, without dam
age to buildings.
(s) Very strong; chimneys fall;
walls are cracked.
(9) Extremely strong, some oulu
ings destroyed.
(10) Extremely intense; great dis
aster; assures in the ground; rocf
falls from mountains.
The Rossi-F'orel scale has been crit
icised on the score that it overrefines
in the case of feeble shocks, and does
not grade closely enough the destruc
tive earthquakes. Several scales
have been prepared to correct this de
feet, among them being the Mercall
scale which is used in Italy. The
seventh degree nearly corresponds
with the eighth above, and the remain
ing three are
90 Ruinous; felt with great alarm
partial ruin of some houses, nth lit
tie or no loss of life.
(e) Disastrous, with complete o.
nearly complete ruin of some houses
Ara serious cracks in others; Few