davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

it is true. the marines man the second
airy batteries on warships. and III case
of they may take a hand
at the big guns, but they are enlisted
for duties quite different from those
of the seanen The marines are sea
soldiers. Even this does not adequate
" describe them. They are land
soldiers as well. While a detachment
Of marines goes aboard every war yes
sci for guard duty and police duty,
from eighteen to seventy men, accord
ing to the size and class of the ship,
events have proved that their highest
Importance lies in their ability to go
ashore upon occasion and fight as in
fantry, just as that branch of the.
regular army fights. They are equip
ped with the same guns and practical
~ the same accouterments as are the
infantry, ana before they ever set foot
on a warship they are severely drilled
in the manual of arms and in all the
methods of the land fighter.
Training schools for marines are
maintained at washington, Annapolis,
Brooklyn, Norfolk. Boston, Ports
mouth and League island. The es-
adjustment at washington is called
the School of Application, and the
training there is particularly thorough.
The marines have been put to the test
as land soldiers in our conflicts in
Mexico. in Cuba, in the Philippines,
in China and elsewhere, and in every
instance they have fought with brav-
cry and skill squal to that displayed
by soldiers of the regular army. In
fact, from the very nature OF their
service. they almost invariably DO the
first land fighting abroad, because they
get there first.
The marine corps is older h the
navy. George washington was the
father of the marine corps. In 1775 he
observed the necessity of having actual
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

~ nee moro the American ma
rine stands in the I~inelight.
The recent order for the as
~ semblins OF 5000 United
States marines on shiphoard in Havana
narbor, with the view to landing them
as the advance foTehgofl an army Of
occupation in the eEent Of Uncle sans
Intervention in the Cuban disputes,
again called attention to one of the
nttest and finest bodies of fighting men
in the world-the United States ma
rine corps. The designation of Colonel
Littleton T. w. Waller as commander
of this provisional force emphasized
the high quality OF marine corps Off
GERS. Colonel Waller was repeatedly
promoted for extraordinary service in
fighting the Filipino suerrillas and the
Chinese Boxers. He is to the marine
corps what General Funston is to the
army or Fighting Bob Evans to the
navy
There was a time, not far back. when
the marines were not very highly re-
garded in public estimation. That was
chiefly because the general public
knew very little about them. But dur-
ing the Spanish-American war and the
troubles in China a little later the
marines did such effective work that
every patriotic lip was loud in praise
of them. Students of history are We'll
aware that in nearly every engage
ment Of American rms broad the
marines have done most valiant fight
ing. not only as landing forces. but as
aggressive soldiers on interior expedi-
tions and campaigns.
The marine is called soldier and
sailor too AS a matter Of fact, he is
not a sailor. He has nothing to do
with the passing of coal, II sweeping
of decks. the handling of ships ma
chinery or other duties Of enlisted sea-
men in the naval service. Sometimes,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08
QUAINT AND PuzzLINe.

The addresses in Persian upon let
ters which go through the postofice at
Calcutta are often quaint and puzzling.
An Indian recently translated
one as follows: IF the Almighty
pleases-Let this envelope, having ar
rived at the city of Calcutta. in the
neighborhood- of Calootolah. at the
counting house Of S~irajoodeen and uah-
dad, merchants, be offered to and read
by the happy light of my eyes, of viz
tuous manner and beloved of the heart
ZMeean Shaikh 1nayut Ally, may her
lie be long Written on the tenth Of
the blessed human, Saturday, in the
year 1865 of the reign of our prophet
and dispatched at Bearing"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

officers who were his seniors in rank
furnishes the ground for resentment.
This remarkable list includes PSI cap
tains, 364 majors. 131 lieutenant colo
nels and 10 oloneis. Any one of
these by remaining long enough in the
service Would nave reached the briga-
der rank in advance Of Captain Per-
shing under the long established eus-
tom of promotion by seniority.
There are very few army presidents
for such a promotion. Two such prece-
dents. however, are still fresh in pub
lie memory. The first was the ap-
pointment OF Frederick Funston, a
brigadier general of volunteers, to the
same rank in the regular army, the
young volunteer having had no pre-
vious service in the regular ~organiza-
ton. This appointment was made by
President Mckinley March 80, 1901,
the same month il which Emilio Agui-
naldo, lender of the Filipino insurgents,
IA captured as the result of an ex-
petition led by Funston. At that time
the war fever and its consequent pa
triOtic fervor were raging in the
United States. Funston was fresh from
doughty and heroic deeds. and his sud
den leap into the rank of a fun fedged
brigadier was not generally resented by
the people. though there were many
murmurings among the regular army
officers whom his appointment had set
back. 1t was conceded By all that
Funston was a gallant fighter and a
good soldier. but many felt that a man
without West Point training and Of
comparatively brief service in the field
should not be appointed to such high
rank at the expense of promotion to
MANY sraybeard veterans, some Of
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

from West Point as long ago as 1855
and has been an active participant in
some of the most thrilling scenes in
American history. From 1851, the be
ginning Of the civil war, General Sui
livan was prominent in the commits
sary department of the service until
the year of his retirement on account
of the age limit. Before the civil war
he had a lot of experience on h
Texan border.
The other Ohio Sullivan, John J.. has
an equally satisfactory record. He is
also a rara avis-a New Yorker and a
Republican and yet a Sullivan. AS a
member of the state senate he pre-
sented both the names of Foraker and
Hanna for United States senator's. Re
Gently Mr.. Sullivan has come into
fresh prominence on account of his
vigorous prosecution OF the STANDARD
Oil rust. He resides in Cleveland.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

whom had seen service during and
since the civil war.
A furious storm Of opposition was
raised in the case Of DR.. Leonard
Wood. whom President Roosevelt pro-
NOTED to the rank of major general in
1903. DR.. Wood had been in the reEu-
lar army as a surgeon from 1885 to
1898. in which year he organized the
amous rough rider regiment, with the
assistance of Theodore Roosevelt. who
was then assistant secretary of the
Wood went to Cuba as colonel
of this regiment, Roosevelt being its
lieutenant colonel. Wood soon became
a brigadier general in the volunteer
army, and Roosevelt succeeded to the
colonelcy. After reaching the rank Of
major eneral of volunteers Wood was
appointed a bTigadier general in the
regular army. As military governor of
Cuba his work attracted wide atten-
ton and elected high praise from
many quarters. When Roosevelt. then
president. made knOWn his intention to
promote his former colonel to the rank
of major general there burst about his
ears d whirlvvind Of objection, objur-
cation and adverse criticism such as
no American president ever expert
enced IN connection with any appoint
lnent.
The president was firm. He sent
the nomination to the senate. Then
charges against General Wood in on
rection with his administration of Gu
ban affairs were brought, but after a
hard fight his promotion was confirm
ed bS the senate.
Away back in 1777 the Continental
congress severely hnrt the feelings Of
Brigadier General Benedict Arnold BY
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

creating five major generals out oS
men lower in rank than Arnold, all OF
whom together, says a competent al-
thority. did not possess a 1.-THE OF the
ability or achievement Of the Connec-
ticut soldier. Congress justified this
jumping of interiors over the senior
brigadier on the ground that C~onnecti-
cut already had TWO major generals.
This slight was q contributing cause
to the future traitorous action Of
Benedict Arnold.
President ROosevelt's theory that ex-
traordinary ability rather than length
of service should count in promotions
is exemplifed in his elevation OF Car
tain Pershing. This officer, a native Of
Missouri and a West Pointer Of the
class Of 1886, made a remarkable rec
ord during the Filipino insurrection IS
conqueror and conciliatOr of the fierce
and fanatical Mor0s in the island Of
Mindanao. For three centuries the
Spaniards had tried in vain to subdue
these Afohaminedan warriors. Captain
Pershing was put in Of an
expedition to make Il trip through their
country and prove to them the povy@e
Of the United States and its kindly -
tentions toward them. Pershing cap-
tured f~fty-seYen of the Moro forts BY
force of arms; but. what was more
important. he captured their hearts by
force of character. He learned their
language. studied their Koran and
placed himself in sympathy with the
people. They grew to love him. elect
ed hin a datto or ruler of one Of their
provinces and in less than q year he
had accomplished what Spain had
failed to do in SEQ years
R-OBERTUS LOVE
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

in repelling boarders when the ships
got to close quarters, but now their
fighting duties on board are chiefly
confined to sharpshooting from the
military masts in an engagement n
to quelling mutinies, should such an
outbreak take place.
The marine is of a higher class. ger
orally speaking, than the enlisted man
ashor The enlistment regulations
are more severe for this branch than
for any other in the service. No
drunkard is admitted. Every man must
be physically fit, Of good character and
able TO read English well. Applicants
must be between the ages Of twenty-one
and thirty-fve, from fl feet six inches
to six feet one inch in height. at least
I32 pounds in weight and American
citizens.
Most of the officers in the marine
corps are graduates of the Naval
academy. though enlisted men may be
promoted through merit and some Off
GERS are appointed from civil life after
prope training, as in the army.
z. J. CONANT.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08
GENERAL THOMAS c. SULLIVAN.

viewpoint. Trouble followed. which
came very near being more than a war
of words, but, fortunately for the good
reputation OF the spot, no blood was
spilled.
The other Sullivan from the Hub has
shed his blood. plenty of it, in the eff
fort to make the name illustrious. As
heavyweight champion John l.. has
done his best to maintain the family
traditions. 1t may be objected that his
performance has lacked the stamp Of
intellectually. but he has never adj
mitted it. Neither have Bostonians in
general, and why should they? Weren't
the games of the Athenian gladiators
quite apt to be sanguinary?
Ohio can boast of two ather su-
periOr specimens of the genus One
Of tIlems General Thomas c., has had
a long and honorable record in the
American army. He was graduated
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

@@ HE promotion of Captain John
J.. Pershing to the rank of
brigadier general in the Unit
"a ed States army has aroused a
storm of more or less hostile criticism,
and this serves also to call attention
to the fact that during the past half
dozen years a remarkable change has
taken place in the manner of advance
ment in rank. Old traditions appear
to have been knocked sky high, and
presidents as old as the army estab-
lishment itself have been disregarded
There are many persons who uphold
the president in this innovation, IN
sidering promotion by merit rather
than by seniority a good thing for the
army.
Captain Pershing's elevation to the
brigadiersaip is by no near a matter
OF surprise. Il has been expected for
three years past. ever since the Off
Ger returned home from the Philippines
with a record as a fighter and an adj
mfnistrator only excelled in pictur-
esqueness and dash by that of Fred
erick Funston. who practically re-
ceived his appointment as a brigadies
on the spot.
Now that the promotion is a matter
of fact reports from Washington are
to the effect that the presidents action
is universally resented throughout the
army. This resentment, Of course, has
nothing whatever to do with the per-
sonality Of General Pershing. whose
record as a man and as an officer is
excellent. The fact that Pershing,
whose rank as "a captain in the cavalry
service entitled him to command d
troop of less than a hundred men, has
been Jumped over the heads Of SCI
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

~ ONE well known Russian
novelist Of the present genera
tion-perhaps it was Step
~ MAX. and possibly it wasn't
nee observed that he could get al
working knowledge of any nation from
a study Of the patronymics of its in
habitants. That would hardly apply to
so composite a nationality as the
American. Stepniak-or the other
man. if he were another-would have
had a serious time in an attempt to
gauge America and the Americans aft
er that highly speculative fashion.
He might have n~avigated his eXplor-
inc craft without shipwreck through
the oceans Of Smiths, browns, Blacks.
Greens, Whites and all the others that
with slight photographed variation
form 50 large a hare Of the human
brotherhood. but he would have needed
q pilot. and u very competent one at
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

soldiers aboard war vessels IA sent
an army captain with two companies
on an expedition aboard an armed
sloop. Less han two months later
the Continental congress. acting upon
corps, which has continued to this day
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

at the storming and capture Of Cha
p~ultepec the marines were among the
first to scale the high walls of the
fort. The commander of that detach-
ment of marines. Captain Levi Twiggs,
fell in the charge. Captain Myers of
the marines, a granddaughter of Cap
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

as a separate and distinct arm of our
fighting service. The present strength
Of the corps is 27S officers and 6,062
enlisted men.
Marines fought with great galiantry
in the war of 1912. They were d part
of General SCOTS army in Mexico, n
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-11-08

nee moro the American ma
rine stands in the lirnelight.
The recent order for the as
semblinE Of soon United
Amador ledger., 1906-03-02
BIG PROFITS IN CHICKENS.

We all know that there is big money
in poultry. How much there is in it for
us, depends entirely upon oe.rse4ves aud
whether or not we are keeping up with
the procession in raising the Kind OF
chickens which bring the most cash
and in getting them into the market at
a time when the demand is greatest.
The value of poultry production for the
United States this season Was bat Il
shade under that of wheat or cotton,
amounting to over half a billion dol
lars. Since the perfection of the in
cubator, the Importance of the indus
try has been greatly augmented. By
the use of this splendid device it is now
comparatively e sy to bring in large
quantities of chickens for the winter
and early spring market when p 'ces
are very attractive. Hens can be
urged but they can not be made to set
If they do not wa to; the incubator
ca be set at any time. All that is
Amador ledger., 1906-03-02
BROOD OF INCUBATOR osTpIcHEs.

purpose, the waste of the email fruits,
come during the winter months.
Dried clover, roots, tuhers, ETC., should
be saved for them during the winter.
These should be steamed and fed with
the mash or cabbac IS, and beets may
be fed raw. \ eatch crop of buckwheat
or oats and peas will furnish much
food at little expense. oran. meat,
meal, wheat screenings and oats pur-
chased for poultry will bring good re-
.aturns in eggs and will also id ma
terially to the fertilizer supply.
Amador ledger., 1906-03-02
He'd learned fhc Business.

An honest ard. singular as it NAV
seem, stupid Irishman. who had work,
ed for coal dealer hqlf a year, and
shown rc cooacitv TO 1eqrn his duties,
vas frallv DISCHARGED. "Go TO the Office
and get yorr money. I've been patient
nth Won, t.'t vou are too thickheaded to
1eorn anytime" said the proprietor. "All
roieht SIR" answered Barney; "mebbe
Dim t'ick-headed, as yez say, but Owe
learned wan t'irc. ann ,wav." eff vou
have, and learned it well. TIL not dis
charge vor," said the proprietor. banter.
irqIv: %now. what have YOU learnpdP'
"OTve learned, sor. that seventeen hun.
drcd makes ton in this place" replied
Barney, and he went back to work.
Amador ledger., 1906-03-02

into a big laying, heaVy weighted ana
highly profitable flock, that it seems
strange that there should be single
flock of dung-hills throughout the coun.
try. 1t costs no more to feed and care
for a broad breasted Plymouth Rock,
OF Wyandotte, or huge Light Brah-
ma, or any of a dozen other splendid
standard varieties than it does for the
common scrub, and with the low price
at which good eggs, or practically pure
bred cockerels can be had, it is the
easiest thing imaginable to have, after
two or three years of systematic breed
ing, flock of chickens producing
three times the profit of the original
flock.
Standard Kinds of Chickens.
A fascinating little bulletin has been
issued by the Department of Agricul-
ture Farmers bulletin No. 81 which
is replete with Illustrations of the prin-
cipal standard varieties of chickens,
the reading of which by any chicken
grower, however small, should certain
ly stimulate New Year resolution to,
make the flock a real money Garner.
TSis bulletin, while it will prove, prob
ably, mere stimulant for mo
extensive literature on the subject, can
be obtained without cost from Sena-
tors and Members of Congress, or the
Secretary of Agriculture, and the proof
Of its popularity is apparent in the
seven or eight editions which it has
been Necessary to publish to supply the
demand throughout the country.
Capcrizing Fowls.
One of the most attractive features
of poultry raising is the production of
capons. This is a story all by itself.
1t is an experiment which one can en-
ter into and with a very slight expend-
iture for a set of instruments, can fol-
low it to any degree desired. 1t re-
quires some judgment and a little at
tention, but caponizing is not difficult;
it is one of those things which, while
it looks, in the beginning, to be hard
proposition, gradually comes to you all
of itself, SO that the first thing you
know you become almost an expert,
and the reward is very considerable.
Capons always sell readily and at
good advance in price. The birds be-
come very docile and easily handled
and are always money makers. The
readiness wit which the new capon
RECEIVERS from the wound is revela-
Amador ledger., 1906-03-02
POULTRY FEEDING.
An Important Phase of the Chicken
Growing Industry.

Poultry feeding is sometimes a most
serious problem to those who desire to
make this line a speciality. Expert
ence has shown that there are certain
special lines of agricultural operations
with which poultry raising may ad-
vantageously be connected. In dairy
ing there is usually large quantity
of skim milk or butter-milk which
may be utilized to furnish a consider
able part of the poultry ration. Upon
the fruit farm fowls are also of ad-
vantage. They keep down insect pests
and they may have a free range a.
greater part of the season without the
possibility of doing any damage. Plum
growers have found poultry especially
useful in obliterating the curculio, and
even the apple crop has been consid-
erably benefited. II it is found that
Amador ledger., 1906-03-02

large flocks of fine chickens from
them, but it was necessary to do a
little experimenting first to get the ma
chine in good working order, to keep
the lamp trimmed so that it burned
clear, white fame and to do a dozen
other little things, which in very
short time made the owner as familiar
with the incubator as with any other
simple piece of farm machinery.
The period of incubation is always
one of expectancy and when the chicks
begin to come forth from the shell
there is either keen joy or a decided
dampening of ardor, according as to
the results of the hatch. But don't be-
come discouraged if the first hatch
brings you only 80 per cent. of chick
ems. Go right ahead, determined to
omit the mistakes of the first trial and
aim for So or 80 per cent of the next
hatching, which you should get if you
lave good incubator and handle it
properly. After a little practice you
come to know your machine, how it is
acting and what it will do, as we'll as
you know your driving horse, in fact
you can gauge it even more closely,
for it is machine and you can control
it to a nicely.
There are hot air machines and hot
water machines, there are small
machines and big machines-machines
to meet every need and requirement;
the only thing is to get a good machine.
An Attractive Side Lie.
The poultry business on the farm has
always been considered largely within
lie province of the women folks, and
the enlargement of the industry by
utilizing incubators has not changed
the situation, except that many others
than farmers wives are now raising
chickens from incubators.
Modern chicken raising, as it has
been adopted by thousands of people
owning small rural homes" said an
incubator agent to me recently, "ac-
counts for the sale of an enormous
number of our incubators and brooders.
In fact, it is among this class largely
that we do business, and they are
making the money out of it. A vast
field is still open among the more con-
serva+ve residents of the interior farm
sections, who still stick to old methods,
Unaware of the comparative simplicity
OF a good incubator and of the great
profit possible through its use."
Amador ledger., 1906-03-02
ORIENTAL INCUBATORS.
Peculiar Facility of Chinese for Arti-
ficIaI iatching.

If we are to look the beginning
of any particular industry, we are
usually told that we might find that
this particular work was first carried
on in China. This applies as we'll to
the artificial Matching of eggs.
Throughout China the Matching of eggs
by heat is very large and important
industry and has been practiced since
very ancient times. The Oriental who
desires to hatch eggs by artificial heat
first constructs a building of sun
dried brick, plastered ON the outside
with mud. Completely fill one
side and the other also, except for
door space and sufficient room for
man to test the eggs, are round, bar
rel-like mud brick walls with earthen
jars set into them. This jcr is vorv
deep. and comes within six or eight
inches of the ground. The conical bot
tom is filled With ashes to the depth
of eight or nine inches, to keep the
temperature more uniform and to
avoid sudden changes of ternnerntura
when doors are opened and there is
strong wind. On the ton of the ashes
| is thrown a bit of old mat or similar
| material to keen the hae'-nts of n~~s
clean and to prevent raising dust
when they are taken ont For hold
ing the eggs basket is used That
leaves space of about an inch he-
tween it and Il q inner wHll of the
| jar. Round and fulI. thn~n BASKETS
each hold from 1900 to 1880 n"~s
After the egrs are put into the has
ket a slow smoldnring fire. made with
verv fine charcoal, is started. After
day the eggs are taken out. hand
full ut time. and mt into similar
basket. This is done from two to
four times each day according to the
temperature. The Chinese use no
Thermometer to test the degree of
heat attained in the incubator. the
eggs being simply touched TO the eve
ball. After heing in the incubator for
-four days the eggs are tested to see
If thev contain a living germ, by hold
ing them M to TIE light and looking
through them. Eggs containing nc