New-York tribune., 1906-12-30
MEMORY OF FISHES.
Investigations Into the Beginnings
of the Mind.

The Carnegie Institution Laboratory at the Tortu-
gas consists OF seven buildings upon Icggerhead
Key and is designed to afford the best possible IA
clities for the study Of the life OF the Gulf Stream
and the coral reefs. Tie laboratory ia provided
with a seagoing yacht and three good launches fer
visiting the neghboring and for cruises over
the Gulf Stream. The yacht feet long. and can
remain at for weeks at time. being provided
with powerful engine and sails.
Researches have been conducted during the last
two summers too short time since the opening
of the laboratory 10 permit 70 speak personally
Of the investigators in detail of their results.
especially many OF the researches are OF an
elaborate nature and are not Yet completed for
publication The following brief statement will.
however give fair idea of some Of the best
established achieved by Investigators work
ing at the laboratory.
Ono Investigator studied the habits or the reef
fishes. and found that the most abundant predatory
fish OF the TOrtugaS reefs tine gray snapper.
which commonly feeds upon a little slvery sardne
If some Of these sardines be dyed bright red and
then thrown into the sea. together with some nor
NAL slvery sarlines. the silvery pnes at first
eaten more readily than the red. but the gray snap
pers soon learn that bright red sardines are good
10 eat. and will then devour them as eagerly as il
they We're normal in color The investigator then
dyed sardines bright blue, and threw them
in together with red and siIvery At first the
blue We're relatively avoided. but the gray snap
pers learned that they too were palatabIe. Small
portions of jellyftshes attached 10 tho
pIue sardines. and the gray s1appers seized them
greedily, but We're stuns by tho pieces of jeIyfsh
In few minutes they learned 10 avoid the blue.
but still ate red and slveUy ssrdines. The next
gay however. the gray snappers had forgotten this
experience and the patient Investigator obliged
Another investigator demonstrated that even such
sue the method of trial error in their behavior
b ana 'has they recognize things Injurious and avoi
injurious "a uric STIMULUS IN fxed and constant way but
The associative memory of caterpiilars nav an
dure about half a minute, but they cannot retain
minute and a half Results such as the abo3s
pnrs ncpea Ie 70 she sx reader but their ma
pie forms We are dealing with the beginninss OF
mind -
One of our most distinguished zoologists working
at the IorIusas FOUND that the substance of ths
centric layers. one of which forms the outer skI,
the digestive system Ppens neShSnis S ans and one
that the eggs of higher animals were orsaniz.d ~
the intimacy OF relationship which pertans b a.
the highest and the lowest of animals. The direr-
one of degree not OF kind - N''
Another inyestisator has carried very care
IN. rEtttiteu series or observations upon resenera-
@ 1ol whieh show that the animal with the create
~l.ainuer ~ OF removed parts regenerates each and
lesser number of removed parts '''4@'. "''a 'hS
Stuu-es upon mplluskS. tuntcateS, hshes esh nara
OF elaborate o6servationS NH sued and series
upoI' lhe reactlons OF crabs and starishes and
upon gth the Development of jelyhshes discovered al
One student finds that the pulsatIon OF tsl1vsshs.
arc, and Ot the hearts of various animals s strongly
sHHILhulated oy the sodium potassium and calcium,
Sot!ueS OF the sea water. OF the nuiels
,ns ,ne heart but magnesium inhibits thts stimu-
nus mus causing the pulsating organ 10 be merely
upon the threshold OF Stimulation ana alIowin,
Ia'etilst stimuli 20 produce rhythmcal CON
;,,s ~ CIsans can pusate only when stirnu
ius rus Is eounteroalanced by inhbitor thus allow
action. 'N'"''SlS S"he'o' eno 70
method or reviving puIsation in para,yzed Jelly
1SI'es was also discovered and it was found that
o one puisarSn stimulus is transulitted by the skin
Si-,, oS Slnuse subcutaneOUs nervous network not
oirectlN oy the muscles themselves.
nut thc IortuSaS laboratory Is only the Youngest
Ia,tteroI I,toer oI series ~ laboratories along our
is'l,'o s-dooard. to nothing OF the vigorous
YOUNG growth upon Pacific Coast All strsvs
IA q common cause to advance the confines OF nu-
man knowledge What Is NfeN IA the burning
1usstlen OF biology to-day and although th!. deep
eSt OF natures secrets NAV never hs revealed 20
US VET light Is being thrown upon II wear by
s,o ss,o We none for We know not vhat-Aifred @.
MaSer. IN The independent