davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
FOUR SHOTS AT A REPORTER.
Moscow Newspaper Man Leads the
Strenuous Life.

Moscow, Idaho, Jan. 10.-Some un-
known persons hidden in the dark,
fired four shots at l. H. Hamlin. a re-
porter for the Moscow Journal, Satur-
day night about $3.50. Mr. Hamlln
is unable to say who his wouldbe as
sailant is, and will not have any arrest
made. He told the affair as follows:
81 was walking east on First street
and when nearly to the corner of
Main street three shots rang out in
rapid succession from a vacant lot
did not hear the whistle of any of the
bullets, but rushed into Ed Kits
place and waited there for half an
hour. Then l proceeded south on
Main street, and just as l reached a
vacant lot 100 feet from the corner.
another shot came, and this time
heard the bullet whistle near me. The
shot was fired from practically the
same place as the first.
Some of the boys told me that a
certain man here was going to fix me
for an article 1 recently wrote that
was published in the Journal, but
hardly believe this man would at
tempt to shoot me-"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

Decisions in four civil cases which
have been pending in the circuit court
for many months were given yester-
day by Judge Ellis
The case of Christana Walker VS.
D. Mcdonald, involving the location o.
line of fence, was divided in favor
of the plaintiff. Although the prop
erty involved in this suit is worth but
few hundred dollars, the case has.
been tried in the circuit court four
different times and in the supreme
court twice. The last suit was brought
in equity, with the result that the
plaintiff was sustained by Judge Ellis.
since the case was first taken into
court ii is estimated that between So
600 and $4,000 has been paid out in
attorneys fees. and it is possible that
another appeal may now be taken to
the supreme court. Carter & RaIey
we're attorneys for the plaintiff. AMI
HALEY & Lowell for the defendap.
In the case of Donald McRea. vs..
William Elliot, Walter T. CHM and
George c. CHM, the decision was IA
vorable to the defendant. -
decision in favor of school district
No. 81 was given in the case of MI,
Robinson and Christian HelIberg vs..
a, L. Demaris and district No. ST.
This case involved the title to the land
upon which the school house of that
district stands
In the case of J. H. Price and
others VS.. Charles Cunningham, which
was an action to clear title, the tiecis-
ion was in favor of the plaintiffs.
The following cases were NOTED az
settled and dismissed: w. B. Ross VS..
E. E. Diner; George d. Peebler VS..
H. Kruger; S. A. Ash Us. c. F. Har-
grove; ]. E. Hazeltine & Co. VS.. NJ.
L. Baltezore; T. A. Campbell VS.. c.
w. Letter; j. C. and ]. ]. Kimery VS..
A. J. Elsner; Elizabeth Shull VS.. Jes-
sic s. Vert trustee; r. H. Stouder vs.
Jessie 5. Vert, trustee; w. ]. Furnish
and j. S. Furnish VS.. Jessie S Vert,
trustee; ]. H. Raley VS.. Jessie S. Vert
trustee.
In the case of Amy B. Gardner VS..
w. w. Gardner, a decree OF divorce
was granted.
The case of Mollie NJ. Jones VS..
John NJ. Jones was dismissed on mo-
ton of attorney for the plaintiff In
the case of 2. NJ. Parvin VS.. NJ. L.
Akers. judgment was given for the
plaintiff and the attached property
ordered sold.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

Mrs. C. II. Michner of Wallace,
Idaho, was left penniless, without rail-
road ticket, trunk checks or trunk
keys by "A sneak thief who stole her
purse from the toilet room in the o..
r. & n. waiting room at the depot
last night.
Mrs. Michner, accompanied by her
little daughter, arrived on No. from
the east this morning and was await
ing the departure of the Spokane train
at o'clock, when she expected to
continue on her way home at Wallace.
Just before No. 6, the eastbound
morning train arrived, Mrs. Michner
went to the toilet room and on re-
turning to the waiting room, left her
purse, containing SO in money, her
railroad ticket, trunk checks and
trunk keys, besides several valuable
rings and other small trinkets, in the
toilet room by mistake.
While the eastbound train was
waiting at the depot a young woman
came into the waiting room and visit
ed the toilet, Immediately afterwards
leaving the depot building hurriedly.
As the woman left the depot Mrs,
Michner suddenly remembered that
she left her purse in the toilet and
upon hurrying there in search of it,
found it missing and knows TO a GER
tainty that the woman who followed
her into the toilet took it from there
and left the building Immediately
after.
Mrs, Michner Immediately notified
the police department but no trace of
the woman could be found. The o.
r. & n. employees did everything in
their power to assist in capturing the
thief.
Mrs. Michner wired to her husband
at Wallace for ticket and will leave
in the morning for her home.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

Minneapolis Jan. 1O.-The West
hotel is burning and two are dead.
Later.-The flames began at 1890.
Six are known to be dead and dozens
are missing. The guests numbered
hundreds, many of whom are women.
Two men who jumped from the
seventh story were instantly killed.
The st. Paul fire department was
just sent for.
The fire chief announces that 172
people were in the building on the
upper floors. Guests are jumping
from the windows on all sides.
Fire Captain Berwin Killed.
Fire Captain John Berwin lost his
life trying to save Mrs. Emeline Bar
low, who jumped from the fifth floor
into his arms, overbalancing him on
the scaling ladder, precipitating both
to death.
Judge Atwater, the oldest lawyer in
the state, was rescued by male nurse
who carried him five floors through
smoke and water.
A panic-stricken woman leaped
Many Saved by Jumping.
The fire is under control at 8
o'clock
William Davidson, American consul
to Manchuria, was overcome by smoke
and his condition is serious. He may
not recover.
Two brothers were found suffocated
on the fifth floor whose names are
unknown,
w. G. Nichols. broker OF this city,
was found naked on the fifth floor,
dead.
The fire started in an elevator shaft
in the basement, and swept upward
rapidly.
Dozens were saved by jumping into
the fire departments nets.
The hotel is practically ruined.
Dead Estimated at Ten.
At o'clock the coroner estimates
the dead will number 10.
The injured are Mabel Larson,
James Speechberger, James Satt, Fire
man Charles Gorton, n. S. Armsden
and Mary Rahaw.
The property loss will he at least
s25O,O00.
The identified dead are ]. B. Pei
singer, of New York; Thomas Sommer-
Vile, Springfield, o.; Clinton Lamma,
Mrs. Il. II. Hodges, lecturer, Waco,
Texas.
There are six dead so burned and
injured as to be past recognition. The
bodies are at morgue.
Missing.
AS nearly as can be ascertained at
this hour, there are II missing guests
and employees of the hotel.
Montana Cadet Lost.
William Block, a New York sales
man, escaped from the seventh floor.
Clinton Lamme was a West Point ca
det en- route home to Bozeman, Mont,
on furlough.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

New York, Jan. 10.--A cable dis
patch to the Herald from Panama,
says:
Captain Lovelace, of the Panama
gunboat Oriente, Monday brought a
letter to President Amador, written
by Innannaquina, a grand chief of the
San Bias Indians, on the lower Allan
tic coast of Panama, announcing their
secession from Panama and the renew
al of their allegiance to Colombia.
There are about 10000 of these In
dians along 110 miles of the most fer
tile part of the coast of Panama, and
in all the villages the Colombian flag
is being displayed.
This revolt against Panama's rule is
said to be fomented by Colombians,
and as these Indians have never been
conquered or subjected the matter of
bringing them back under this coun-
try's flag, unless accomplished diplo
matically, may prove serious.
No announcement has yet been
made of Panama's intended course,
but the matter was discussed last
night. Among the reasons given for
the secession are said to be the prom
ises made by Huertas, a former gem
eral of the Panama army, which have
not been fulfilled,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
TOO MUCH MAIL FOR CLERKS.
Faster Train Schedules Confuse the
Work of Distribution.

Nearly 100 "unworked" sacks and
two mail pouches were brought into
the union depot last evening by the
belated O. r. & n. train from the
east No. /, says the Oregon Daily
Journal. 1t required almost six hours
for extra railway mail clerks to dis
tribute the G40O letters and about 49,
600 pieces of second, third and fourth
class mail matter.
The railway mail clerks say that the
new time card he.ween Chicago and
Portland, which cuts off several hours,
is too fast: 1t does not give them the
time they require. The clerks on the
westbound trains are able to "work"
all sacks and pouches on schedule
time until Pocatello is reached. If
there is any trouble with the Wash
ington mail it begins at that point.
On January l the new time table
went into effect. Instead of o. r. &
N train No. leaving Chicago late in
the evening, it now departs shortly
after midnight. Besides carrying its
regular western and Washington mail
1t also pulls out of the Windy City
with the majority of that which No
formerly carried. In Portland No
1 is supposed to arrive at 5:25 o'clock
in the evening, bringing in much mail
which heretofore has arrived the fol-
lowing morning on the 7:15 o'clock
train, making a gain of eight hours
and so minutes.
At this time of year there is a very
heavy run of minor class mail matter
AS the season advances and the first
of the year rush of advertising matter
falls off, it is expected that the in
creased crew may be able to handle
all the mail on No. /.
Until Pocatello is reached little trou-
bic is experienced. On leaving Poca-
tello, If the clerks find they cannot
throw" all the Washington sacks and
pouches, they wire Portland headquar-
ters in the federal building and extra
clerks here are ordered to meet the
train at the depot and assist.
In the event Pendleton and routes
north and south suffer. The mail
usually thrown off there is carried to
Portland and sent back on the first
train going north. Portland mail is
little affected by the inability of all
the mail being worked" en- route, as
No. l does not get in until late in the
evening, and the distributing clerks
have all night in which to throw"
the sacks and pouches
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
Lower Tariff With Philippines.

Washington, Jan. 10.-The Philip
pine tariff measure was the single
topic of consideration in the house to-
day The speeches were uniformly
against the measure and were allow
ed to go in general without answer.
Mr.. Bonynge of Colorado, discussed
the bill from the standpoint OF the
beet sugar industry. Mr. Burgess Of
Texas opposed II on constitutional
grounds, and had lively coilouuy
with the minority leader, Mr.. VIII
liams, on this point. He charged that
democrats to be consistent should op-
pose anything but free trade with the
Philippines on the ground that Il was
an American possession.
Mr.. Williams defended the ninori-
ty position by stating that he was sup
porting this bill because it was as
near free trade as it wassibe to OBJ
tain from the majority. The issue
was drawn sharply between the two
members of the minority, and fur
nished the interesting situation of the
day,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
SIDNEY WARREN CHARGED WITH PERJURY

Sidney Warren, of Weston, was this
afternoon charged with the crime of
perjury by District Attorney Phelps,
and a warrant has been issued for his
arrest.
The indictment of young Warren is
an incident OF the case against c. II.
Walters, tahe Weston saloonkeeper,
who is under indictment for selling
liquor to minors. Warren is one of the
chief witnesses against Walters and
has laid himself liable through tell
ing conflicting stories in an apparent
attempt to protect the man who sold
him liquor. When first called to Pen
dleton to testify regarding the case he
was accompanied to the city by Wal
ters and when questioned by the dis
trict attorney denied having purchased
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

liquor from Walters.
However, while Mr.. Phelps was in
Weston not long ago, he again ques-
toned the young man and succeeded
in getting a complete confession ftom
him.
But within the past week or so
word has come to the district attorney
that Warren and several other young
men who were named as witnesses,
have left Weston and gone over into
Washington, doubtless at the instance
of Walters. who wishes to prevent
them appearing against him If possi-
BILE. However, it seems that the move
is going TO prove a sad mistake on the
part of young Warren at least, for he
now confronts criminal charge and
will be brought back by the sheriff ii
found.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
WAREHOUSE AND HAY BURNED.
Loss Estimated on Both to BE About
$1,000.

Weston Ore. Jan. 10.-(Special to
the East Oregonian.) About II
o'clock last night the hay warehouse
of Dave Lavender, city marshal OF
Weston, was totally destroyed by fire,
with $50 tons of baled timothy hay
which it contained. The origin of the
fire has not been accounted for. Ow-
ing to the nature of the building it
was completely destroyed before any
thing could be done to save il
The value of the building is esu-
mated at $1,000. and upon this $500
insurance was carried by Mr.. Layeu-
der, The hay was valued at about
$500, and belonged to various far
mers of the Weston Mountain neigh
borhood.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
Postmasters Appointed.

Washington, Jan. 10.-The presi-
dent today appointed as postmasters
in California. Archie Madison at An
gels; Harvey S. Clark. jr, at Lodi;
William Jones at Monterey; John C.
Boggs at New Castle; Edward II
Baulser at San Pedro; Eugene Don at
Santa Clara William Mullen at Men,
docino. In Montana, Alonzo $. Fos-
ter at Boulder. In oregon, w. Pen
nebaker, at Woodburn.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
FOUR DECISIONS
IN CIVIL CASES
Rendered by Judge Ellis of
the Circuit Court After
Pending Many Months
ONE CASE HAS BEE.S IN
COURT SIX SESSIONS.

In the Circuit Court Four Times and
IN The Supreme Court Twice. Has
Cost $4,000 in Attorneys Fees
Alone. Yet But Few Hundred
Dollars Are Involved-In the suit
Involving Title to School House
Site, the School District Won-J. HI.
Price Wins His Action Brought To
Quiet Title-LOng List of Gases Set
tied and Dismissed, and Action is
Taken in Divorce Cases.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
Jute Mil Starts.

Walla Walla, Jan. 10.-The test of
the jute mill machinery at the peni-
tentiary which was held yesterday af-
ternoon was successful and the mill
will probably be working today.
About 800 convicts are to be employ
ed in the mill. Some time ago the
machinery was shut down to allow
some repairs to be made and for cleo
trio motors to be installed These
have been put in and everything is
working smoothly.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
PANAMA TRIBE
HAS RET0LTED
SAN BIAS INDIANS RENEW
ALLEGIANCE TO COLOMBIA

Tribe Said to Number 10000 and Lives
on the Atlantic Side of the Isthmus,
Occupying One Hundred and Ten
Miles of Coast-Promises Made by
Huertas. a Former Panaman Offic-
iaI, and Unfulfilled, Said to BE the
Origin of the Discontent-If the In
dians Are Obdurate, Panama VIII
Have Severe Problem to Solve.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
TEN DEAD IN A
HOTEL BURNING
Six More or Less Injured, and
Eleven Guests and Employees
Are Missing.
SEVERAL. WERE KILLED BY
JUMPING FROM WINDOWS

Fire Captain and Woman Fall to the
Street From a Scaling Laddcr-Two
Unidentified Men Will Probably Die
From the Effects of Smoke-AmeIi-
can Consul to Manchuria Overcome
by Smoke-The Hotel Is Practically
Ruined, the Loss Being Estimated
at S25O,OO0-Among the Dead Is a
National Organizer and Lecturer for
the W. c. Il. u, Mrs. Hodges, of
Texas.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
ROCKEFELLER
ON THE STAND
Son of John D. is Described as
a Man of Retiring and Mod
est Disposition,
PROSECUTION GAINS
AN IMPORTANT POINT

The Standard People Fought for a
Delay of Two Weeks for the Hear
ing of the Case of ii. ii. Rogers,
Summoned Into the State Supreme
Court to Show Cause Why He
Should Not Answer the Questions
Propounded by MissOuri's Attorney
Gencral-Ihe Latter Proposes That
the Case Shall BE Kept Hot: That
Every Advantage to BE Gained by
Unceasing Effort Shall Re OH Ills
Side.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
BOTH MEASURES
To PASS HOUSE
Republican Whip Lines Men,
bers Up for Reduced Tariff
and Joint Statehood
GAS NEAR TO FREE TRADE
AS WILLIAMS CAN GET"

Democrats VIII Support Reduction of
Tariff Upon Philippine Sugar Be-
cause They Can Do No Better Now
House Committee Wants to Know
Whether Criminal Action Has Been
Brought Against Persons Implicated
In Northern Securities Case-Secre-
tary Roots Law Partner Gets a Fat
Job-Oil Pipe Line VIII BE Built
Across the Isthmus.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
Two New Jersey Rcprleves.

Trenton, n. j., Jan. 10.-A reprieve
was this morning granted Mrs. Tolla,
the Italian accused of murder. 1t
will probably be a 40 days respite.
Mrs. Tolla was to have been hanged
Friday. Jerry Rosa, sentenced to
hang the same day, was also repriev-
ed.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
Pine Line Across Isthmus.
Roots Law Partner Gets Fat job.

Washington, Jan. 10.-Henry J.
Stimson, member of Elihu Roots
law firm. was nominated todav as
United States district attorney for
New York. Under the fee system the
place is worth $6O.O0O per year.
Neither Platt nor Depew endorsed the
appointment
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
DISTURBANCES CONTINUE.
Revolutionary President Captured and
Executed.

st. Petersburg, Jan. 10.-Dis-
patches tell of fighting at various
places. Dragons We're ambushed near
Hazenpot and two killed. Troops af-
terward surrounded the rebels and
killed SO, every man in the ambus-
cade dying.
The insurgents capture Jewish mer-
chants and hold them for ransom
The plunderng of Tiflis continues.
A tailor named Schultz, elected
president of the Esthonian republic,
was captured by soldiers and execut-
ed.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
WALLACE WOMAN
LEFT PENN|LESS
ROBBED LAST NIGHT AT
THE o. II. & ". STATION.

Left Her Purse With Money. Ticket
and Other Valuables i'm the Toilet
Room by Mistalle-They Were Alb
stractcd by Woman Who Was a
Stranger to Mrs. Michner, the Wo-
man Who Was Robbed-Mrs. Mich
ner Will Continue on Her Journey
as Soon as She Hears From Her
Husband, Which Will Be Tomorrow.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

Washington, Jan. 1O.-After a con-
ference with the president this morn
ing Representative Watson Of iii
nois, republican whip, announced that
both the Philippine tariff and both
joint statehood bills would pass the
house despite the insurgents.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
Holdups Get $4,000.

Butte, Jan. 10.-The Henne-
sey Mercantile company's branch
store at Centerville. a suburb
was held up last night by two
masked men who escaped with
more than $4,000. Manager Mul-
lane was surprised by the high
waymen and forced to open the.
safe. Watchman McGeever was
also captured by bandits and dis
armed. The police arrested two
men on suspicion
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

James ], Hill declaims vigorously
against the protective tariff policy Of
the United States, declaring that IL Is
destructive to our export commerce,
and responsible for high prices At
home.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

Chicago, Jan. 10-President Har-
per died at 2:30. Death was caused
by a cancer which was discovered
nearly a year ago. during an opera
ton to relieve appendicitis.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
SCOTT WILL STAND TRIAL.
Well Known Colored Man Pleaded
Not Guilty.

This afternoon Tom Scott, the col
ored barber, entered a plea of not
guilty to the charges of selling liquor
to Indians, and assault and battery,
with which he was charged yesterday
by the district attorney. No time has
yet been set for the trial. Scott was
represented by Attorney Charles H..
Carter
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

New York, Jan. 10.-William N
Rockefeller took the stand this morn
ing. Rockefeller is of a retiring dis
position. This is his first public ap-
pearance.
The inquiry was adjourned this
morning until this afternoon to per-
NIT Hadley to attend the hearing of
Rogers in the supreme court where
he has been summoned to show cause
for refusing to answer questions pro-
pounded him by Hadley and the COM
missioner of corporations.
In the supreme court the Standard
Oil lawyers fought to secure de-
lay. They wanted two weeks. Had
ley won, and the arguments must be
heard Friday.
Postponed One Day.
When the hearing before Commits
sioner Sanborn was resumed il was
decided to postpone until tomorrow
morning. when A. V. Jockel will be
called on cross-examination. There
will probably be no hearing Friday
on account Of the supreme court hear
ing of Rogers.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

Wichita, Kan, Jan. 10.-A
movement in favor of lower
freight rates began here today,
farmers, grain dealers, small
merchants, wholesalers, manu-
facturers and independent oil
men attending. Ex-Governor
Van Zandt, of Minnesota, ad-
dressed the convention. He ad-
vocated immediate organization
to secure fair rates. There are
2S7 delegates.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
Cleveland Firm suspends.

Cleveland, Jan. 10.-Suspension of
the firm of Denison. Prior & Co., was
announced this morning.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
Refused n Rehearing.

Cincinnati, Jan. 10.-The United
States court of appeals this morning
refused Cassie Chadwick a rehearing.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
CHICAGO WHEAT MARKET.
Quotations From the Greatest Wheat
Center In the World.
LNnched a Texas Neyrn.

Chicago, Jan. 1O.-Wheat closed at
81 "a; corn at As and oats at 32 Ia
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

Moscow, Texas, Jan. 1O.-Ben Har-
ris, negro, was lynched this morn
ing. He had killed a white man.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
DESERTER ARRESTED.
Proposed Trip to the Philippines Too
Much for GanzhOrn.

New York, Jan. 10.-Naval officials
boarded the steamer Bermudian on
her arrival from Bermuda today and
arrested Fred Ganzhorn, seaman,
and alleged deserter from the tug Po-
tomac, consort of the dock Dewey,
when she touched at Bermuda. The
prospective long trip disheartened the
sailor.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
House Wants to Know.

Washington. Jan. 10.-The house
committee on judiciary by a unani-
nous vote today authorized a favora-
BILE report on the resolution calling
port as to whether or not criminal
prosecutions had been begun as n re-
suit of the Northern Securities case
decision, declaring certain individuals
and corporations to be combinations
in restraint of trade.
Pipe Line Across Isthmus.
The secretary of war today granted
the Union Oil company of California
permission to lay an oil pipe line
across the Isthmus of Panama. The
company agrees to pay $500 per
month for the privilege.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10
CANNOT LIVE A WEEK.
Demise of President Harper Must Oc-
cur Soon.

Chicago, Jan. 10.-Dr. Billings is
sued bulletin at noon saying that
DR.. Harper, president of the Univer-
sity of Chicago, could not live to the
end of the week. He is very low and
has not been out of bed for several
days.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1906-01-10

Read the advertisements in the
East Oregonian. They come from
the most enterprising citizens.