davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
IN SkAGNAY
Famous Chicago Journalist
 Here for His Paper

George F.. Moran, especial represent atiye of the Chicago Chronicle Is in Sdagvay and!wili remain here till the Humboldt sails for the south tomorrow evening. He arrived on the train saturday night from Fairbanks, and is just completing a tour over this district, covering all parts of it except the Seward peninsula and the Yukon valley below the mouth of the Tanana. He is writing a series of articles descriptive of the north, for his paper.
 4 fye-columu illustrated article b. MT. Moran wss published in the Sunday Chronicle of August about Seward and vicinity, In sunday editions of the near future will appear articles containing his impressions ot the klon Gike country and Dawson, the Panama an its metroplis and other sections of the district. Mir. Moran might prepare au article on Skagway and its claims to greatness for publication.
 Mir. Moran is one of the best known journalists of Chicago, For many years he was managing editor of the old Chicago Times. Heis now the publish CT of Mo.an'S Dictionary of Chicago, recognized as the official guide of the city.
 On this northern trip, as on all his meanderiugs in connection with his profession, Mir. Moran is accompanied by Mrs. Moran and their little daughter, Miss Kathryn LeOnore Adeiia G'enwood Moran. The latter is world famous as having travelled more miles than any enc of her age in the world. Though she celebrated her sixth birthday on the Yukon steamer Whitehorse between Dawson ard WhitehorSe the other Gay, she has traversed 2OO,OO miles up and down and back and forth over this little world of ours. She has met the em- perOr of Germany, the kings of Englnnd and Spain and other rulers of nations and has had her picture in dozens of American newspapers. On three differ ent occasions she has been entertained by President Roosevelt at the White House.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
ACT QUICKLY Delay Is Dangerous

Do the right thing at the right time.
 Act quickly ID times of danger.
 Backache is kidney danger.
 Doau' Kidney Pills act quickly.
 Cure all distressing dangerous kidney
 ill.
 Plenty of evidence to prove this
 Mrs. A. Canavan of TS3 Northrup Street, wife of A. Canavan, who is en- ployed at the city waterworks, Port land, Ore, says: For two or three years, owing to kidney complaint and bsckache, I was some days unable to attend to my household duties at all. What 1 did do was under great strain and misery. When, owing to a week, lame and aching back, you are unable 30 sit, stand or lie when dizzy spells are common and you are annoyed with headache, you naturally think good deal Of the mearS at lasG employed which gave relief. used Doan's Kid ney Pills, taking them according to directions and found more relief from them than from all other remedies 1 ever took put together. When in con- versation with any one annoyed with symptoms of kidney complaint, 1 never fail to get in a good word for Doan's Kidney Pills"
 For sale by all dealers. Price 50 cents. Foster-Milburn Co.,, Buffalo, N, Y., sole agents for tho United States.
 Remember the name-Doan's-an take no other.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
LABOR LOCK OUT
 TO BE AT GOLDFItLDS

GoldfeldS, New. Sept. 1.-The Mine Owners Union have made public a declaration Co lock out all the miners of the district. They claim that the miners are gradually trying to operate the various properties through the union" graft.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
SEATTLE 10 HAVE
 CANAL AT ONCE

Seattle, Sep. l3-Mayor Moore an nounces that it is the purpose of the city to push the construction of the Lake Washington canal so that the waterway will be ready for use in IS months.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
GOMPERS
 HIKES MAINE VOTE

Washington, Sep. l3-Prssident Gompers issued a statement in which he says labor scored a victory in the Maine election by cutting down the Republican majorities. Labor feels encouraged by the result of this, the first appeal to the condolences of voters.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
MINERAL APPLICATION No. I3
U. s.Lsnd oRce, Juneau, Alaska.

U. s. Land office, Juneau, Alaska.
 August g, 1906 Notice is hereby given that in pursuance uf Charter Title g. of the Revised Statutes of the United States and amendments thereto, the undersigned, J. F. Malony, whose poStOfilce ad. and John Dalton and E. B. Hanley. co-ownerS with him claiming 60.li7 acres Of gold bearing placer ground on the Porcupiue creek. a tribu- tary of the klanea river in the Porcupine Min ing District, District of Alaska, is about to make application to the United States for patent for the said mining claims, which are more fully described as to meets and bounds by the official plat now posted upon sad claims and by the field notes Of survey thereof now filed in the office of the Register Of the District of Lands subject to sale at Juneau, Alaska, which field notes of survey describe the bound. with magnetic variations, SI degrees east as follows; towit:-
 WILEY PLACER CLAIM
 Beginning at corner number l. Identical with location corner. Hemlock post feet long inches square set IS inches in the ground with mound of stone scribed U. $. $. 6s6-l- from which Hemlock tree inches in dia- meter bears north 76 degrees 90 minutes west l2 feet. Hemlock tree F inches in diameter scribed U. s. s. 6S6-L2-B. T. U. s. L. NJ, number bears N. 20 degrees E. lO54S 6.lO feet. Thence south IS degrees 3i minutes w. lS02 v 10 feet to corner number q hemloCk post feet lcng inches square set IS inches in the SSS-2;
 Thence north 70 degrees and Il minutes W. 600 feet to corner number 8;
 Thence N. Is degrees 36 minutes F.. 1891 5-lC feet to corner number 1, q hemlock post feet long inches square Scribed U. s. $. 6S5-4-S; Thence $. 70 degrees l5 minutes E. s99 4l0'
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
Principal Barber Shop Leads

The Principal Barbershop and Baths is the leading tonsorial establishment in Alaska. Everything in all the de- partments is strictly modern. The baths are first class in all respects.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
Chamberlains Pain Balm

This is liniment, remarkable for its great power over pain. It quickly allsys the excruciating pains of rheumatism and makes sleep and rest possible For sale by Wm. Britt.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17

The Pack Train saloon always leads. It carries ouly the best brands of whis- kies, wines, beers and all the other goods to be had at a frst-class gentle mems resort. If
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17

The best dining room in the city is at the Fifth Avenue hotel. The best meals anl best service obtainable in the north are it's leading points of superiority.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17

The Pack Train Restaurant will serve wine with dinner orders, free in place of tea or coffee. Come on boys
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17

If you want the best, stop at the White Pass Hotel, WhitehOrse. Every thing new.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17

Snappy mornings these, also Snappy bargains in clothing at Behrends 'See sd."
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17
LETTER LIST
Unca1led for Letters Remaining In
 Skagway Postofioe Sep. l5, 1906.

Cunningham, Jas. F. Grankul, Mis- Ehda.
 WM. B. SAMPSON, P. M.
The daily Alaskan., 1906-09-17

A s25 overcoat for SIS at Behrends' ''See ad."
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
uncle Bob.


Yesterday afternoon at beauti-
full Belle Meade, the historic
Davidson county breeding farm
of thoroughbreds, an old negro
was buried. For more than eighty
years he had made that farm his
home. He came with General
Harding, and spent the last years
with the Jacksons. He was known
all the country over to horsemen
and turf followers. His name was
associated in memory with such
grand specimens of equine great
ness as Bonnie Scotland, Luke
Blackburn, Bramble, Enquirer,
Iroquois, fremont, Inspector B,
Proctor Knott, Huron, Endurance
by Right, Longstreet, Bella B and
hundreds of others which have
made the name and fame of Belle
Meade secure on the great tracks
of America and England. Uncle
Bob was an honest man. He was
a splendid type of the best of his
race. His dominant trait was his
loyalty, and not one white man in
all his acquaintance but would have
helped him in any time of financial
distress or have risked bis life to
protect him from physical harm.
Hisgrave was in the Belle Meade
paddock, a ideal spot, right where
the pets of his life have ever play
ed, and their defendants will con-
tinue to play. A tremendous con-
course of his own race attended the
funeral services and followed his
remains to their last resting place.
His pail bearers we're white men,
men of prominence in Nashville, |
men of souls, men of sympathy |
and men who could see no color
when such qualities as Uncle Bob
were present to render
them colorblind.
He was good negro; he was o
good man. After long life, he
left not one enemy amongst white
or black. He went to his rest with
the esteem, the affection of all. Of
how many others can be trnthfoIly
paid the tribute so well earned by
his old negroa /
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
His Eloquent Answer.

A Georgia justice, who had per-
formed the marriage ceremony for
a negro couple, for the price of q
'possum- which was all the old
man had to give-meeting him
sometime afterward said:
swell John, how do you like the
married stated"
"Well subj" he replied, "Hit's a
state / wants ter emigrate from!
Hit cost me one 'possum ter get
ter dat state, en- now I'd give a
whole circus er animals ter get
outp
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
When Jenny Picked the Banjo.


I'm thinkin bout the past time
The music fiowin' Free
When Jenny picked the banjo
Twas dancin' time for me!
ii.
Her hair, in golden ringlets-
Her eyes, so bright to see,
When Jenny picked the banjo
Twas dancin' time for mel
Ill.
Been married now the longest
For married life must be-
When Jenny picked the banjo
WAS dancin' time for me!
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
ApVIcE Prom a MERoHANr.
Young Men Usually Expected Not to
Read


Read.
From observations extending over
many years, l have come to the con-
clusion that about the first duty for
a young man IS to buy as much en-
dowment life insurance as he can
carry, for have seen two different
kinds of calamlties befall many peo-
pie who might have had life insur-
ance and yet failed to carry any.
First, have seen young rien squan.
der their money and then in time
of need have nothing to fall back
upon; and, secondly, l have seen de-
pendent ones left destitute because
the breadwinner was not thought
full enough to provide them the pro-
lection which life insurance affords.
Protection, of course. is the chief
purpose of insurance, d every
young man should think enough of
and for those who may now or later
be dependent upon him, to secure
enough to make the battle of life
less stern should he be called upon
to leave them.
This, / think, is so self-evident
that it needs no elaboration. But
the beauty of the endowment insur-
ance is that it not only provides
protection, but, in good company,
is an investment as well. From my
own experience of such Insurance,
| should say that the insurant gets,
first, protection to the amount of
the face of his policy, and then the
sum he has paid in during the en-
dowment period plus sum equal
to the interest on that amount at
something more than the bank rate.
So endowment life insurance not
only provides adequate protection,
but is a sort of compulsory saving
system-a man can't help saving
money W hen he invests in such
policies.
am aware that some will say
that they can make more out of |
their money than by investing it in
this way. l admit til at shrewd |
young men can probably do so. but
emphasize the word ''shrewd,"
because l find there are very few
to whom the adjective can be APP
piled. A md, anyway, even the
young m a n should have
some endowment insurance, for he
will be sure of that, and when he
mas enough, that he can consider
whether he can engage IN legiti-
nate epeculations with whatever
'ther surplus he may have.
HOWARD w. WENTzELL.
We will take pleasure in showing
7ou this policy.
DAVIS, BRAMHAM & Co.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16

81 ART gwine ter grumble,
said the old darby, EFF dey don't
gimme DO wings wen | gets to
glory; kaze | mighty sho' ! won't
want ter fly back after | gifts dar,
en- eff / should, it would be too
risky business, SEEM dat my oil
friend, de devil, might be layin'
fer me, ter set fire to my wings.
En- den-whar would beg"
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
Just to Think. /"
To Love forever morel

just to think of it! After all
their trouble, Mr.. William Dean
Howells, whose opinion stands high
in American literature, says the
muchly advertised popular novel
of to day is nothing more than the
dime novel of yesterday Gilt
edges and embossed covers don't
hide the facts from Mr.. Novelist
But no matter. The present-day
novelist has a high old time of it.
riding to Oblivion in an automo-
bile.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
There's No use

talking, you can't beat Herbine for
the liver. The greatest regulator ever
offered TO suffering humanity. If you
suffer from liver complaint, If you are
bilious and fretful, it's your liver, and
Herbine will put 1t in its proper con-
dition. A positive cure for c0nstipa-
tion, biliousness, dyspepsia and all ills
due to a torpid liver. Try bottle and
you will ever use anything else
Sold by Allen Drug Company,
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
5 Along the Highway. 5
{ BY FRANK L. STANTON. {
EN~o.~~~~N~~N~~~A
When Love Comes in the Door.

When Love Comes in the Door.
/.
Though still the rough world grants
A dwelling with the poor,
l never see my poverty
When Love comes in the door.
When Love comes in,
What wealth l win
When Love comes In the door,
IL.
Then falls the peace OF heaven
And heaven can hold no more.
The blessed light that blooms in
night
When Love comes in the door,
When Love comes in,
What wealth l win
When Love comes in the door!
Sweet welcome to him ever
And when at last wait
On that bright shore where grief's no
more,
Be Love there-at the gatel
What peace to win
To enter In
To Love forever more
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16

Time don't wait fer no man
Gwine des a-skimmin'!
An" bet you he'll be mighty late
Gittin' ter de glory-gate,
Waitin' fer de wimmen.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
The ChiId's Word.

The wind comes down the chimney,
An frolics all about:
But we keep the fire blazin',
An he just can't blow it out
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16

Trains No. 1874 and loo are accommodations.
Tickets and particulars as to specific rates
limits and train time of your home ticket agent
&C. r.. Collins, Paducah Junction.
+. W. HARLOW, ID. P. A., Louisville.
Al. MoDoUGALI.. d. P. A., New Orleans
A. ". HANSON, @. A., mo. A. SCOTT. A.a.PA
Chicago. Memphis
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16

/.
Hard row for hoen'-
Weary world o. signs;
Better keep a-goin
While the light is in the skies!
III.
Silvery rivers flowin'-
Soft the south-wind signs;
But-keep you on-a-goin'
While the light is in the skies!
III
The reapin' an the sowin'-
But, lose or win the prize
Still, traveller, keep agoin
While the light is in the skies!
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
Illinois Central
RAILROAD.
BEST OF TRAIN SERVICE,
NoRTHBoUND.

Trains No. 1O5 and 1888 are accommodations
snd stop at Paducah Junction to receive or dis
charge passengers
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1906-11-16
Representatives.

Cannon county. Forrest Dickens,
Democrat.
Carroll county, S. E. Murray,
Republican.
Cooke county. John Brooks, Re-
publican.
Claiborne county. J. F. White,
Democrat.
Coffee county, R. E. Travis, Dem.
ocrat.
Crockett county, J. P. Baldridge,
Democrat.
Davidson county, Rush Matthews,
W. B, Sneed, Geo. w. Peay, w. B.
Mari, Clarence Jackson, ]. M. Will
kerson, all Democrats.
DeKalb county, 1. H. S. Knowles,
Democrat.
Dickson county, in doubt.
Dyer county, S. B. Tatom, DEM
ocrat.
Fayette county, e. L. Morris,
Democrat.
Franklin county, Henry H. Hor-
ton, Democrat.
Gibson county, G. w. Boucher, A.
D. Hassell, Democrats.
Giles county, Geo. P. Meadows,
Democrat.
Greene county, Joseph Arlnitage,
Democrat.
Hamilton county, w. H. Cum
mings, Frank S. Corden, G. D. Gro
ner, all Democrats.
Hardeman county. D. ]. Campbell.
Hardin county, Watt Hardin, Re-
publican.
Henry county, r. c. McElroy,
Democrat.
Hickman county. j. C. Fielder,
Democrat.
Hawkins county, S. H. Gault, Re-
publican.
Knox county, Eugene M. Webb,
j. w. Drummond, p. A. Rambo,
Republicans.
Haywood county, Currie Dixon,
Democrat.
Jackson county, Frank Richmond,
Democrat.
Landerdale county, J. T. Duna-
want, Democrat.
Lincoln county, Harry Holmes,
Democrat.
Marshall county, R. Rowland,
Democrat.
Madison county, A. H. Askew
and r. A. Harris, Democrats.
Maury county, A. A. Lipscomb,
w. A. Galloway, Democrats.
Monroe county, E. c. Miller, Re-
publican.
Montgomery county, John Gun
Democrat.
McMinn county, H. w. Chandler,
McNairy county, p. H. Thrasher,
Oblon county, CIR Kenney, Dem
ocrat.
Overton county, Robert Poston,
Democrat.
Putnam county, Quinby Dyer,
Democrat.
Roane county, J. M. Hartley, Re-
publican.
Robertson county, A. v. Bradley,
Democrat.
Rutherford county, M. e. Medley,
Sewer county, Republican.
Shelby county, w. f. Gill, S. H.
Cooper, Albert Brennan, John ].
Shea. w. H. Johnson, Fred Wad-
lell, ]. M. Hall, Democrats.
Smith county, ]. G. Sampson,
Democrat.
Stewart county, D. L. Howell,
Democrat.
Sullivan county, J. P. Worley,
Democrat. /,
Sumner county, D. A. Montgom-
ry, Democrat.
Tipton county, Robt. E. Miller,
Democrat.
Warren county, Jas. l.. Garrett,
Washington county, c. A. Roys-
on, Republican.
Neakley county, J. E. Everett,
Democrat.
White county, John Cooper, DEM {
crat. Il
Williamson county, II. Il. Lane, {
Democrat.
Wilson county. L. P. Mcfarland,
democrat.
Democrats s., Republicans IA,
18th one county in doubt.
Total for the House: Democrats
5, Republicans %. !
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1906-01-05

Asst. Paul police justice holds that
attempting to kiss a pretty girl.
against her will constitutes an
assault. ..... = 81. ..s,....... 81. .s.zz.
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-12-21
MARKET MMARY.

EAST EUErAIO Cattle Good to
choice export cattle. IS 2oas 90; shipping
steers. 81 50a5 %; butcher cattle 81 SOC
5 10: heifers, IS oom4 65: fat COWS. 81 so
"a 90: bulls. 81 50@4 so: mixers ana
springers, $50 0eQ so 90. Sheep and
Misunderstanding. S. 25Qe so; wethers,
IS 1906 SIS; mixed. IS 25Q5 SO; ewes.
SIS 0o@5 35 spring lambs. Sc 009S so.
Calves-Best. IS 5oQs 90. Hoss-Medi-
ums. Workers. and pigs. sc so: heavies,
Sc e00s e5: stays. 81 ooG5 90; roughs.
IS 5o9S 90.
cHIcA0o-Cattle: Common to, prime
heifers, 81 e6Q5 90; bulls. 81 1000 SO
stockers and feeders. 50 1904 80. Sheep
and Lambs-sheep, SO 1895 90; lambs.
IS 1907 IS; yearlings. 81 5o@s rs. Calves
So 1908 so. Hogs-Good to choice
heavy SIS 1905 As; butcher weights, ss =
@s IS: light Sc 35@s 40: packing. Sc 80
@S 40. Wheat-No. 2 red. 75Ac. Corn
No 8. 4e041c. oats-No 2. $50.
PiTTseuHG-Cattle: Choice, So 75@
s oo prime IS 40d5 So; tidy butchers
bulls and stays. 81 ooQ4 90: fresh cows.
s25 OOG5o 90. Sheep and Lambs-Prime
wethers, IS 50Q5 65: good mixed. IS 2oQ
40: lambs. IS o0a7 65. Calves-veai.
Sc DOGS so. Hogs-Hesvy hogs. medi-
ums. Workers. and pigs, So 5o6S 60.
cLENELAND-Caitle Prime dry-fed
S. 5e@7 IS: fat steerss4 50Q5 %: heif-
ers. So 5o@4 SO; fat cows. 81 5oQ3 rs:
bulls 50 250s rs; makers and springers.
s15 00050 90. Sheep and Lambs-Choice
lambs. 81 5o67 SO; wethers. IS SOFAS Is;
mixed, 81 5o@4 Is; ewes. "a 5e04 SIS.
Calves-e7 SO down. Hogs Workers
Sc 1906 so; mediums, Sc SIS: heavies
pigs Sc so; stays, 81 50G5 90: roughs
IS S0Q5 80.
eosToN-wool: Ohio and Pennsylva-
MIA Xxx and above. 831a @34c: X, 31032c;
No. 1, 4o@41c; No. 2. 3s93sc; fine un-
washed. 25@2Sc: delaine washed, $40
371sc: deiaine unwashed. 29@3oc; Ken
lucky and Indiana combins ss-blood. SO
034c: L-blood. 81 0f32c.
CINCINNATi-Wheat No red. 76110
TIC. Corn-No. mixed. 43aG44c. Oats
No. mixed, 37K G3Sc. Rye-No. =, Tic
Lard-$s 55. Bulk meats-ss 75. Bacon
$40 co. Hogs-s5 6006 so. Cattle--S2 0oG
30. Sheep-s2 o0QA IS. Lambs-H Esq
S.
TOLEDO-vheat. 76Ac: corn, 44Ac;
eats 3Ic. rye. CSC. cioverseed. IS 81.
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-12-21
NEW YORK MARKETS
Publishers F-e..i

New York, Dec. 20-Prices of
stocks started generally higher than
last night on a moderate volume of
dealings. st. Paul rose ~, the sab
scription rights and Missouri Pacific
Ia, Canadian Pacific L, Locomotive
point and Great Northern Ore GER
tificates. Kansas City Southern PIE
ferred and American Car large frac-
tions. Reading ran off a point.
Reading was the only stock that eff
fectually resisted a selling moveme ut
that developed after the opening.
The call money market was easier,
rates receding from 16 to 10 per cent,
and there was a comprehensive adj
vance in stocks.
The market reached a higher level
after IL o'clock, but the improvements
were small outside of the Hill group.
Great Northern Ore certificates gum
ed Al, Great Northern preferred
gained 80 and Mort IN Pacific 9.
Profit-taking occurred in some parts
of the list under cover of the diversion
created by the advance in other
stocks. Reading gathered strength
and rose to al. In a general way. the
movement was narrower and specula-
ton duller than on any day this
week
The Richmond palladium. (Richmond, Ind.) 1906-1907, 1906-12-21
FOUNTAIN CITY.

Fountain City, Ind, Dec. 20. (Spl)-
Mr. and Mrs. Joshua Chenoweth en-.
tertained Sunday for dinner Mr.. and
Mrs. Will Clements, Mr.. and Mrs. Asa
Pitts, Mr. and Mrs. c. Z. Keever and
son, Claude and Mrs. Iona Boren.
Miss Hinshaw of Jehrico, has return.
ed home after a few days visit with
Miss Sarah Charles.
Mrs Lambert of Bethel is here Wis
iting her daughter, Mrs. Harrison.
New Garden will have their Christ
mas entertainment at the church
Christmas eve, the oath.
Earnest Aldrige, who had his limb
lanced by DIR. Weist Monday, is re-
ported better.
Miss Gertrude Kenworthy spent Sat
urday and Sunday with her parents at
Williamsburg.
Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Pitts entertained
Sunday, Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Taylor,
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Retts and Miss
Marie Retts.
Miss Eva Boren spent Sunday with
Miss Mary Davis.
The Methodists will give their
Christmas entertainment next Sunday
evening.
Mr. and Mrs. Joshua Chenoweth en-
tertained Monday evening for supper,
Rev. and Mrs. Luke Woodland, Mr..
and Mrs. Perviance Hunt, Mr.. and
Mrs. Frank Taylor, Mrs. Iona Boren
and daughter, Eva.
Mrs. Jennie Reynol is and daughter
Mabel, of Richmond,t returned home
Monday after a few lays visit here
with relatives.