davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27
SOLDIERS PREFERENCE LAW.

Editor Tiines-Republican:
Since the supreme court reversed
Judge Caswell, of the Marshall district,
relative to the much-discussed sol
diers' preference law, ii is getting to be
a common occurrence to see the law
invoked to give the old boys" politi-
cal jobs.
1t will be remembered that Judge
Caswell (himself an ex-soldier) held
that the legislative act was %unconsti-
tutional, being class Legislation. When
the CasWell decision was sent to the
supreme court, the best legal thinkers
were in Il %quandary to know what
course the court would take. That the
act was class legislation is perfectly
apparent. 1t was specially designed
for the ex-soldiers of q given war. and
all civilians and all ex-soldiers of
other wars wera excluded. Nothing
coula be palmer han that this is class
legislation. and therefore forbidden by
the constitution. But conditions were
such that there vas a necessity for re-
versing Judge Caswell. If the Caswell
decision were to be affirmed. and the
act declared void, 1t would follow that
tHe DoiuItIS iioIIlc anu lHe soOiuItIS
Orphans Home would necessarily go
out of existence as being built and
maintained without warrant of law.
Under these perplexing circum-
stances the supreme court met the
emergency as best it could, and public
opinion justifies 1t under the circum-
stances. But the law has gone far
enough. 1T is IN expression
Of a grateful people What it
has done, and is still doing
in the way of support for the ex-
soldiers in their age and infirmities. Is
without precedent in the history of the
world. We are the beneficiaries of an
annual pension. amounting to more
than one hundred and forty millions OF
dollars. In addition to this, the peo-
pie have supplied us with homes better
| than is enjoyed by the average Amer
lean citizen, and better than most of
us ever had before; and when the last
roll-call has been answered the CRATE
full people give us a Christian burial,
and mark our resting place with mar
BILE.
1t is trite to say, that law is only
public opinion; and in this connection
1t may be said that when we invoke
the law for political pulls, it is not on
ly abstractly wrong, but In violation OF
public opinion.
We only measured up to our bound
en- duty, when we responded to the call
of our government. The nations life
was assailed. If it should be assail-
ed today, is there any so base that he
would not defend it? What %reasona--
BILE nan is there that would expect,
much less demand, reward for doing
his duty. Patriotism like virtue is its
own reward. The better element Of the
surviving veterans regard it as dis
creditable to invoke the law for the
purpose of foisting themselves into
places where suffrages Of the people
would not carry them.
The law should have been repealed
at the last session of the legislature, In
the interest Of good government, and
political and moral responsibility.
JNO. ROBINSON,
Three years with Second Michigan
cavalry.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27
Topics Of the Tines

Some newspapers are Inclined to
sheer at biennial elections because ac-
rimony in the present campaign seems
to be in full force. Whew! do n
want this sort of thing every year?
Guthrie county threw Mr.. Herriott,
its own candidate, out the PACK door,
and instructed for Cummins. A reso-
luton committee. in Secretary ShaW's
own congressional district refused to
approve of his appointment n Their
nroceeded to endorse Cummins. 1t is
to be presumed, of course, mat they
were all democrats.
Roosevelt always means al flght,
and for this reason the people Oh MS
countr believe in him more implicitly
than they have trusted any president
since Lincoln. but nevertheless his lack
of tact in his quick decisions often gets
him into trouble. The blunder IN the
San Francisco matter is a case IN point,
altho not a serious one.
The standpat newspapers which now
complain so bitterly about democrats
voting in the Dickinson primaries
could have had a legalized primary I'M
der rigid control in this contest If they
had supported the primary bill pro-
posed by the Cummins men In the leg
islature.
Will the city of San Francisco apply
for a special charter and a government
by commission instead OF the present
nlan. as did Galveston? She is facing
a crisis and must rise above the muck
of ward politics by one plan If not by
another.
Charlie HELEN does not know hat
the war is over. Attic his county in
structed for Cummins three weeks ago,
his Webster City Journal circulates the
railroads Perkins campaign supple
ment in it's last Saturday issue. What
a waste of ammunition!
SO
Republicans should bear in mind
that there is an election in November,
and that the convention of August the
first does not end all" says the Cedar
Rapids Republican. and Their adds: IF
they will keep this in mind they will
avoid a great deal of trouble" This is
a point we'll taken, for it is hoped that
the republican campaign committee
will no again be called upon to deny
the ISLANDERS circulated by the Cedar
Rapids Republican regarding Governor
Cummins. and used by the democrats.
During the next 100 years South
America will attract the immigration
of the world seeking virgin territory
to inhabit. one of the wonders of that
is the Amazon river. Rising
in the Andes, it flows across the CONT
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27
REPEAL SOLDIERS PREFERENCE LAW.

John Robinson, one of the leading
men at the Iowa Soldiers Home, and
a veteran of three years service. with
the Michigan cavalry in the civil war
has volunteered q communication tc
this newspaper in which he expresses
his disapproval of the soldiers pref
| erence law. He wants it repealed by
the next legislature, and In this de-
sire he is supported by a great ma
jority of the members of the Soldiers
Home.
The point of view taken by these
| men is this: The old soldier did his
duty when he volunteered. If he re-
| ceived injuries in the service of his
government 1T is nothing more than
right that he should receive a pension
when his earning powers begin to de-
cline early In life as a result of these
disabilities. 1t is also just that his
government should provide state hos
pitfalls or homes for his care In old
age. but he is not asking for a law
that shall attempt to keep him in public
office in preference to any other man
or set of men. His manhood rebels
against this.
AS Capt. J. J. Smith, also a veteran
at the Soldiers Home, said: We
volunteered our services and we have
ALWAYS been we'll taken care of. For
thirty years old soldiers have had a
preference when they a for office.
Now. when the most of us are getting
old. we do not want public office II we
are not lust as competent or more
than the other fellow" And
this same view has been expressed by
the officers at the home.
Already a member of the legislature,
an5old soldier himself, a publicly pro-
nosed to urge the repeal of the law ~
is the opinion of civil wal veterans
generally that the Iowa soldiers pref
erence law is class legislation, Altho
the supreme court decreed Otherwise
many Of us still think Judge easweii
was right when he declared 1t te be
unconstitutional. 1t would MT be sur
nrisine of the coming G. A. =. reunion
would adopt resolutions asking Tor the
repeal of the law.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27

"This tribute to Governor Herriott
is deserved" says the Register and
Leader. He has not in his entire po-
litical career made an appeal for sup
port on his record as a soldier. The
same tribute may be paid to Major
Rathbun."
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27
GIVING BACK THE CHANGE.

The matter Of life insurance prem
iums and the sins of the surplus is
very ably discussed in the May num-
Der of McClure's. There an expert
writer on insurance presents the same
view already put forward by the
Times-Republican, viz: that old line
life insurance costs too much. The
premiums collected are higher than
the cost of insurance, hence the sur
plus and it's consequent temptation to
syndicate operations, trust company
manipulations and excessive commits
sions.
The misnomer of calling rebates
made on these over-charged premiums
dividends" is forcibly explained by
this magazine writer. He say that
they are not the so-called profits" on
insurance at all, but simply the re-
payment of the excess premiums coll
lected over cost Of insurance.
Let; is seek a homely comparison
he says. You send a messenger boy
to buy a quantity of cigars. Not be-
ing sure what the exact cost will be
you give him a two dollar bill. He
pays $1.50, and returns with your cigars
and fifty cents change. You would
hardly regard that fifty cents as a
dividend upon your purchase of ci-
i ~, ,, K vo,r pooscopra how hoc c;x I
returned your over-payment. Your po-
sition is precisely the same when you
buy a policy of life insurance. Your
company does not know, at the begin
ming of the year, what the exact cost
will be, but, to be on the safe side,
charges you an excess price. At the
enc of h year it gives you back -
or at least it should-your change, and
miscalls it a dividend If agreeable,
instead of actually taking the fifty
cents change from the messenger boy,
you might send him back to buy more
cigars with it. Similarly, instead of
taking your life insurance dividend in
cash, you might let the insurance COM
pany keep it and give you the exact
amount of insurance it will buy.
Again, you might let the messenger
| boy keep the fifty cents because you
intend to send him to buy more cigars
a few days hence. Similarly you might
let the insurance company keep the
dividend and apply it to buy your in
al next year.; that is, to reduce
the text years premium"
And so it is, except that in the case
of the messenger boy you always get
back your change while with most of
the largest insurance companies. de-
ferred dividend periods are devised so
as to enable them to keep the change.
AS their surplus grows beyond all le-
Ultimate need as security against cpl
denies OF abnormal loss of life. the
temptation grows. If officers wish to
increase salaries there is the surplus
from which to draw. If poor rela-
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27

The odebolt Chronicle says thai
Hon. Geo. D. Perkins has an office
holding record of twenty-four years
and that he has been a candidate for
office at least sixteen years when not
holding office.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27
THE MUCK RAKE.
TCarroll Sentinel.l

Muck rake is an old expression re-
Gently somewhat popularized by Theo-
dore Roosevelt and applied to we'll
known writer's who have exposed graft
and grafters. Those there may be
who believe that Lincoln Steffens, Ray
Stannard Baker, Thomas W. Lawson,
Ida M. Tarbell and others have been
guilty Of bl~ackguardism but the great
majority believe that those writers
have only made excursions into the
broad field of graft exposure. The
proper subjects for attack are not
those who expose grafters but rather
the grafters themselves. Have not Mr..
Lawson'S exposures OF insurance
~scoundrels been verified by recent dis
closures? Mccall has gone to his grave,
we repeat, a dishonored mar Alex
ander, disgraced and deposed from the
Equitable, went to a sanitarium, a
mental wreck. DepeW, another insur-
ance CRATER, is socially o%stracised, a
political outcast and tabooed by the
alumni association Of his IGNORED alma
mater. United States Senator Mitchell
died, a convicted felon under sentence
to the penitentiary. Burton, of Kansas,
is another. There are Dougherty, of
Peoria, and Bigelow, Of Milwaukee,
both shining lights in the political firm
ament of their party, staunch defend
ers of national honor" now wearing
clothes with horizontal stripes. There
are the Rogers and Rockefellers; or
rather the Rockefeller, whose eulogist
turned out an a%pologist before he had
completed the preface of his recent
book, "a Study of Rockefeller" and
robbed the ashes of Bob Ingersol for
ideas and sentences stolen bodily from
Bob's eulogiums of Thomas Paine and
Abraham Lincoln. Marcus A. Brown,
of Cleveland, o., Rockefeller's apollo
gist, is a literary CRATER who robbed
the dead. Graft respected not the urn
nor the ashes of the irreverent but ell
oauent Bob to find words of ]audation
of Standard Oils king.
Much is not found in the writings of
those who expose in order to destroy
graft. 1t is found in the moral rotten
ness of grafters themselves.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27
Iowa Newspapers
rALBonT OUGHT TO HAVE IT.
deep River Record.l

deep River Record.J
Now that the county convention has
beer called to select delegates to the
judicial convention, which meets in
Oskaloosa on May %, we desire to say
a word about Poweshiek county's can
didate for judge to succeed Judge
Scott. Elk -County Attorney Talbot, of
Brooklyn, was the first candidate in the
field, and is entitled to the undivided
support of the county for the reason
that he not only served the people well
as county attorney, but he announced
his candidacy early. Among the mem
bers of the Poweshiek oar. Mr.. Talbot
is regarded as the best posted lawyer
in the county, and is the equal of any
man on the bench in point of ability.
He is a clear reasoner and would grace
the bar with a legal knowledge that
would reflect honor on the county
which presented him for the office.
jog.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1906-04-27
IOWA OPINIONS AND NOTES.

Touching on the regulation of cor
porations the Cedar Falls Gazette says
IF there is a voter, be he a republican
or democrat, who Ices not believe in
regulating evils incident to corpora
tions, we have not heard of him. No
one has a monopoly on reforms but the
good old republican party has always
taken the lead and has done more than
make promises"
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1906-11-08

now, ktorych kandydat ma guber-
natora, Stuart, przeszed} wiekszo-
scia $4,000 glos6w. Dmokraci
zdobyli piec miejsc W kongresie.
Dostaja sic nadto do kongresu
dwaj wybitni przedstawiciele gor-
nik6w, Thomas D. Nichols i Will
liam B. Wilson.
Washington, 8 listopada. =
Zoinierze kompani B. c. D. Is
puiku zwiazkowej pielho:y stree
lali w. Brownsville, Tex, 23 sier-
pnia, po pijanemu, do mieszkah
obywateli, przyczem zabili jed
,nego mieszkanca. Podczas Sledz-
twa koledzy pijak6w staneli po
ich stronie ME chcieli wymienic
ich nazwisk. Obecnie prezydent
Roosevelt WyKluczyi WsZystNle
try kompanie haniebnie armii,
oswiadczajac, re obywatelstwo
chce widziec w zolnierzach
swych obronc6w, ME wrogow.
Obecnie toczy sic Sledztwo W
sprawie pulkownika Pitcher z
Fort Sheridan, ktory ublizy} Ne
grom jake zolnirzom z pod sztan-
daru gwiazdzistego. Uczynil to
w czasie przybycia do Fort She
ridan oddzia1u kawaleryi, zlozone-
60 Murzynow.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1906-11-08
Rome ROtatkI tGIegTafiGzns.

= Rada rosyjskich ministrow
uchwalila pobierac podatek do
cfodowy, Move zrodlo wyzysku
obywateli przez czynownictwo,
= Stan zdrowia Luegera, btr-
mistrza w Wiedniu, budzi obawe
o jego zycie.
w Chrystyanii dwaj mini
strowie musieli zlozyc swoje te-
XII.
Przedstawiciele miast ME
mieckich radza W Berlinie mad
zapobiezeniem drozyznie miesa.
Ma wystawe w Jamestown
ma przybyt piekny krazownik
pancerny .Gneisenau", jezei
Niemcy zdaza do tego czasu u
kryt wszystkie jego braki.
= Rad austryacki ME zgod-
dill sic ma wniosek sprowadzania
miesa Ameryki, azeby zapo-
biedz drozyznie, ma ktora wszys-
cy narzekaja.
- Republikanie zostali pobici
ma wyspie Porto, Rico. Me beda
mieli zadnego swego reprezen-
tanta w izbie delegatow. Ma ca
lei linii odniesli zwyciestwo unio-
nisci.
- Ma Kubie napadli bandyci
ma w6z zwiazkowy, w ktorym je-
chali pionierzy z korpusu inzynie-
row. Ujrzawszy mundury wojska'
bandyci zbiegli.
w legislature stanu Nebra-
ska, w obu izbach, mice beda
przewage republikanie. Legisla-
tura wyszle do Waszyngtonu re-
publikanskiego senatora Norrisa
Brown. e
= Wybrany przedwczoraj kon-
gresham H. L. Farrat, w Louisia-
ME, zastrzelil wczoraj W Baton
Rouge dra H. N. Aldrich.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1906-11-08
Waszvngton. s listopada.

Waszyngton, s listopada. =.
Niema dotychczas wszystkich ra-
portow o rezultacie wybonu pos
low do kongresu. O lie ma razie
wiadomo, demokraci wyparli z
krzesel poselskich 21 republika-
now ! doszli do ogolnej ilczby
1853, gdy tymczasem republikanie
rozporzadzaja 211 giosami' L 10
okreg6w wyborczych ME nadesz-
ly iszcze sprawozdania. Demokra-
ci zdobyi diva krzesla poselskie
w Illinois, po jednem W Indiana
Iowa, Nebraska, New York, N.
Carolina Wisconsin, 4 krzesla
w Missouri, 8 w Ohio, 3 W New
Jersey 5 w Pennsylvania. Repu-
blikanic odebrali demokratom
krzes1o tylko w ie1nym dystry-
kcie stznu Kentucky.
Ooto lista kongresmanow w
przyszlym kongresie, podSug ra-
port6w dotychczasowych:
po,rn Dnmokr Brak
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1906-11-08
Czwartek dnia Sgo Iistopada 1906 +,

pow dla siebie, darl takze dla in
nych. Radykalizm chlopski, kt6-
ry sic tax dosadnie uwydatnii
wybraniem do dumy panstwowej
trudownikow, wyrobii sic glo-
wnie przez to, re lud wiejski zam-
kniety byl w odrebnej kaScie, "a
rzadzanej przez naczelnikow
ziemskich.
Otoz ostatni ukaz cara naka-
zai znieSc to wyodrebnienie, zro-
wnac chlopow innemi warstwa-
mi pod wzgledem praw cywil-
nych, zburzyi injury chtopskiego
ghietta. To rzeczywiscie jest wa
INA zmiana ma lepsze.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1906-11-08

New York, 8 listopada. - Jak
sic okazalo, demokratyczny kan
dydat ma wicegubernatora otrzy-
mai znacznie wieksza ilosc >glo-
sow, niz Hearst. WmieScie New
York otrzymal Hearst 10000
mniej giosow, niz reszta demo
kratycznych kandydatow, ktorzy
przeszli wszyscy bez wyjatku.
Filadelfia, 8 listopada. = Oby-
watelstwo, sprzeciwiajace sic kor-
rupcyi, zostalo w calym stanie po-
bite przez maszyny polityczne'
Fuzyonisci, kt6rzy po1czas pred
ostatniej Rampant mieli "a soba
10000 glosow wiekszosci, costa
Ii obecnie pobici przez republila-
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1906-11-08
PRZEGLAD
POuTHU MIEDzYNARODOWH
Chicago, s listopada.

w rok po manifesto konstytu-
cyjnym, kt6ry zrownal prawa i
obowiazki wszystkich mieszkan-
COW panstwa rosyjskiego, a W 10
miesiecy po zatwierdzeniu przez
cara orzeczenia komitetu minis
trow, re jednak musza bye utrzy-
name najbardziej niezbedne roz-
porzadzenia wyiatkowe, pojawi{
sic ukaz carski, nakazujacy nnie-
zwIocznie" zrownac wszystbich
poddanych pod wzgledem praw do
sluzby panstwowej, Przyczem je-
dnak pozbawiono tego dobro-
dziejstwa pierwotne ludy sybe
ryjskie, jake wyznajace szama-
nizm, a zupeInie niekulturalne.
w orzeczeniu komitetu minist-
row, ogsoszonem pred 10 mie-
siacani, bylo miedzy innemi po-
wiedziane, ze naprzyklad Polacy
moga zajmowac bardzo wysokie
stanowiska panstwowe, jezei je-
dnak one ME So somodzielne. Po-
lax po dawnemu ME mogl zajmo-
wac sameistnego urzedy, musiai
mice mad soba bezposredniego
kontrolera Rosyanina. w porow-
naniu ze stanem, trwajacym cd
roku 637ciego, byl to silny zwrot
ku sprawiedliwosci, ale W porow-
naniu z TEN, CO dal manifest kon-
stytucyjny, bylo owe orzeczenie
komitetu ministrow, reakcya. Je-
dnakze pozostaSo ono martwa Ii
terra. w ciaga dziesieciu miesie-
cy duzo pahstwowych urzedow
w Kr6lestwie, na Litwie, Bialo-
rusi, Wo4yriu, Podolu, Ukraine
w calej Rosyi obsadzono nowy-
mi ludzmi, ale najmniejszego u
rzedu ME dano Polakowi. Po da-
wnemu Kodak nasz mogl sluzyc
w kancelaryi rzadowej tylko jako
dyetaryusz, chociaz nieraz ME
jeden z Mich byl rzeczywistym
llierownikiem dykasteryi, a jego
zwierzchnik Rosyanin tylko bral
pensye i podpisywal akta- Wyatt
kowo na kolejach rodacy nasi
zaimowali urzeda wybitne, ale
wiasnie wciagu ostatniego roku
bardzo wielu usunieto, zwlaszcza
ma kolei Nadwislanskiej Pole
skiej. TAX manifest konstytucyj-
nv i orzeczenie komitetu minis
tr6w mic w rzeczywistosci ME
zmienily. Daily one praWa oez
moznoSci korzystania Mich. Po-
wt6rzy}a sic odwieczna rosyjska
metoda: dla pozoru, dla popisu
przed Europa - bezstronnosc,
w gr1ncie rzeczy - systematy-
czne unoSIedzanie. A tax byio do
tad nietyko przy rozdawaniu u
rzedow, bo takze rekrutow pol
skich DO dawnemu wysylano ma
Kaukaz do Azyi, a naszych
przedsiebiorcow zasady usuwa-
no cd wszelkich dostaw panstwo-
wych, nawet cd wydzierzawiania
bufet6w kolejowych. Nowy ukaz
uakazuie zmienic to "niezwiocz-
ME-. Jezei to znaczy, ze tym ra-
ZEN DO slowie ma nastapic czyn,
to niebawem powinnismy ujrzec
Polakow ma stanowiskach - je-
ieli juz ME gubernatorow, to
przynajmniej naczelnik6w po-
wiat6w i sedzi6w; zo}nierze ma
81, powoiywani wlasnie teraz pod
broh, pozostana W kraiu, a Icy
taeye ma dostawy rzadowe W
Krolestwie beda rozpisywane l
rozstrzygane w Warszawie, ME
w Petersburgu i Moskwie.
Ostatni ukaz carsl1i nakazuje
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1906-11-08
KalTla KOpp gGrn1lBlt0rGn.
Zandarmi rozpedzaja wiecoWnlkoW
w Poznanskiem.
SOcyalisci pozbawieni prawa gfOsu.
Pennsylvania ZWYCIEzYLI ZWoLENNlCY
KORRUPCYI.
Trzv komroDia woiSta wykIuczOne z armii narOd0wej
SOcyalisci pozbawieni prawa gfOsu.
Trzy kOmpanie wOjska wykluczOne armii narOdOwej

60, znosi wylatkowa mad mimi O
pieke adrninistracyjna, obala muir,
kt6ry odgradzai ich cd innych
mieszkancow panstwa. Przed
zniesieniem panszczyzny W roku
1864 chlopi nazywali sic "war-
stwa opodatkowana" (podatnoje
saslowie), bo podczas gdy wszel-
kie inne Varsity p1acily podath
cd interes6w, cd ziemi, sklepow,
przedsiebiorstw, fabryk it'd, je-
dni tylko chlopi placili poglo-
wne, czego wynikalo, re ME by
10 chlopa, ktoryby ME placil
chocby kilbu kopiejek, Jezeli zas
sam ich ME miai, placila zan gmi-
ma. Natomiast szlachcic, urzed-
mix, pop, kupiec ME placl mic, je-
zeli ME mial zadnego zajecia. Pc
zniesieniu pahszczyzny na}ozono
ma cilop6w rome podatki, jak
na innych obywateli, ale pogso-
wnego ME zniesiono az do tel
chwili. z tego koniecznie musia-
ly wyniknac rome odrebne prze-
pisy, kt6rym podlegali wyiacznie
chlopi. Mieli oni mad soba ma
czelnikow zienlskich'', ktorzy u
trzymywali ich kataster, wyda-
wall i'm paszporty, odbierali cd
Mich podatki, nakIadali ma Mich
administracyjne kary, s1owem "a
jeli wzgledem mich miejsce da-
wnych wlascicieli "dusz ludz-
kich". CHOP mogi sic wykierowac
na kupca, mogl przebye wszyst-
kie szkoly zostac lekarzem, ad-
wokatem, profesorem, lecz jesh
ME obral sobie karyery urzedni-
czej hub oficerskiej, to zawsze
pozostawai w warstwie chop
skiej (ErestianslieD, zawsze co
roku musiai brac passport Cd ma
czelnika ziemskiego przynaJ-
mniej w teoryi podlega} jego ju-
rysdykcyi. Ia jednakowe pre-
kroczenia niechiopi byli sadzenl
przez sedzi6w pokoju, ch1oPl
przez naczelnikow ziemskich.
Rzecz naturalna, ze bylo w tenn
nietylko uposledzenie lndu, ale
by5o takze bezbrzezne pole do
naduzyc wyzyskt1. Stanowisko
naczeInika ziemskiego, ktory bral
pensye z dodatkami na rozjazdy
kancelarye tylko 5000 rubl,
sta{o sic lukratywnem. Ot1cer
gwardyi, kt6ry strwonH maJa-
TEX, zbankrutowany arystokrata,
bardzo zasIuzony urzednik =
wszyscy oni dobijali sic urzedu
naczelnika ziemskiego. Kazdy z
mich z reguiy nabywa} ma kredyt
wioske (bo zreszta obowiazkowo
musiai mieszkac ma wsi, w Srod-
ku kilkunastu grnin, podleglych
jego wladzy) role swa uprawiaf
areszt przy swojej kancelaryi.
On liberal rekrutow, on rekwiro-
wal konie do wojska, mial pod
swym kluczem magazyny zboza
gminnego, skiadanego przez chic
pow ma wypadek glodu, napra
wia6 drogi kosztem funduszow
gminnych, zawierai wszystkie
kontrakty miedzy ch1opami O.
sobami z warstw innych, parce-
lowal ziemie szlachecka, ktora
chlopi ma spoke nabyli Przy po-
mocy banku wiosciahskiego, :
aby zas mogli ja nabye, on da
wal przyzwolenie albo go odma-
vial, = slowem byl kroliklem,
feudalnym panem ma kilkunastu
wioskach. Oczywiscie, ably sic u
trzymac ma takiej posadzie, ME
dose byio mice szeroEie plecy,
trzeba sic .bylo jeszcze oplacac.
Vice naczelnik zieniski dari chic