davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
The Bank Statement.

New York, June 2.-The statement of
the clearing house banks for this week
shows that the banks hold s10392. 925 over
the legal reserve requirements. This is
The statement follows:
Loans s., 057, 759, 500; decrease, g, 3Is.0O0
Deposits, sl,0494 72-9o0; increase, 81, 290,-
Circulation. s4S, AL. 100: decrease. $4,000
Legal tenders, SS4. 597,200 increase, $685.,
Specie. S1ss. SIS. 500: increase. SO. 52e. 800
Reserve. SZ73 81. 900: increase "a 1852 100
Reserve required, s162. 56S,075 increase,
Surplus, S1O912g25: increase. s3.S99. 80.
Ex- U. S deposits SASS. $50; increase,
s.. SIS 225.
The Finaucier this week SAYS: The Of
fetal statement of the New York as
ISOLATED banks last week Was much more
satisfactory than nave been any Of the
recent exhibitions in that it seemed more
fully to reflect the movements of money
as traced though the reports from banks
and the treasury The loans recorded a
contraction, though moderate as the re-
suit Of the liquidation in stocks. and the
comparatively small gain in deposits and
il reserve requiI ements enabled the sur
plus 90 be increased by a satisfactory
amount The cash gain ain, as as reported by
largely due to the excess of receipts over
Shipments to the interior. and also to the
payments by the sUb-treasury of assay Of
flee checks representing COLO bullion de-
posted at Pacific coast points. The off
setting absorptiO1s OF cash by the treas
ury from the banks. on account Of Gus
toms collections and transfers of excess
internal revenue receipts, though large,
were not sufficient materially to reduce
/ the gain from the above noted and other
sources. The general deposits were aug
nented by g, go, which was only S553.-
800 below the sum of the increase in cash,
| less the decrease in loans, therefore the
statement made q good proof The re-
serve requirements were increased S322. 500.
/ Ceducting which from this gain in cash
/ left S.S93.550 as an increase in surplus
reserve to S10912925. q greater amount
/ it may be noted than has been recorded
since May u. Computed on the basis of
I deposits less those Of S15. 4S9, 200 public
/ funds, the surplus is 81. as, 800.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.

Chicago June 23.-Wet weather played
an important part in the market today.
Heavy rains were reported throughout
Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa, where har
veSting is in progress, and also in the
northwest. where clear weather is need
ed for the crop. The bullish feeling was
strengthened by the statement of an Eng
lish statistician that the worlds weekly
shipment for last week and the amount
Of breadStUffs on ocean passage viii show
a considerable decrease From the open
ing shorts and commission houses were
fair buyers. but offerings were light The
decline in the prices Of corn and oats act
ed as q drag on the market and prevented
it from becoming very strong. The close
was steady. September opened Adssc to
sake higher at SAC TO S41sc, sold between
S37zdS42zc and closed sc higher at S4lTS41sc.
The rains had an opposite effect on the
corn market from that on wheat Sentl-
ment in corn was bearish all day. The
market closed weak az the lowest; Sep
TENDER sc lower at 511sd5154c.
The oats market was weak in sympathy
with corn. September closed &c lower
at 355sc.
Provisions were quiet and steady There
was some buying Of lard by small pack
ers. which evidently was intended to cover
short sales made earlier in the week. At
the close September pork was off PIC at
S16.521z- Lard was up PIC Ribs were IN
changed at S9.071z-
The leading futures ranged as follows:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
SUMMER EXCURSIONS.
Via OREGON Short Line.

Daily June 1st to September 18th. 1906,
from Salt Lake City,
Portland or Spokane and return
(via Huntingdon $500. -. SIP o.
San. Francisco and return via Og-
den and s. P. both ways -. 420Q
San Francisco and return via
Portland one way $1,000 $500 $500
Los Angeles and return via Og-
den & S. P. both ways $500. 5000
Los Angeles and return via Port
land one way ....................6 So. so
Proportionately low rates from other
poiRts.
Final return limit Of tickets October
31st.
See agents for further particulars.
City ticket Office POI Main St.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
Coffee and Sugar.

New York, June 23--Coffee-Spot Rio.
steady. No 7 invoice. "a mild steady:
COrdOva. SG121s. Coffee futures closed
steady at a net advance of to Is points
Sales were reported Of 5000 bags. Sales
included June at 6.20G6-25: September
40: December. 6.68ds.65: February. $50
March. $50. and Nav. 7O0d705.
Sugar-Raw, firm; fair refining, ;; cen-
trl1uEaI, -y5-tesJ. 5lz1J3 17-S2: n1otasses st-
gar, ~ Quotations ranged; No. 8. 4.20
No 4 AS; No s, A1O; No 9. 4.05: No. 10
4.0o; No. II, 3.95; No. 70 800. No. IS. 3.S5
No. IA. 3.S5. Confectioners' A Ass: mould
A 500; cut loaf. $40: crushed. $40: pow
dercd, $50; graduated. 40: cubes. 495.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
Money. Silver, Etc.

New York. June 2S-Money on call nom
inal; no loans.
Time loans strong; sixty days and nine
ty days, AZ per cent; six months, per
cent
Prime mercantile paper. 5d5lz per
cent.
Sterling exchange easy at 4.S505G4. 500
for demand and at 4S225G4 S235- for sixty
dav bills Posted rates. 4.S3 and 1856
Commercial bills, 4S2G4S2i4-
Bar silver. CSC.
Mexican dollars. 50&-
Government bonds steady, railroad
h0u6E
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
Metal Markets.

New York June 23-The metal mar
kets were generally unchanged as usual
in the absence of cables Spot tin was
quoted at $50. 40G %. 81. Copper was more
or less nominal with lake quoted at $3.50
G19O0- electroIytic, SIS. 25ff1S 621a, and cast
1ng. SfS.I21gd1S p
ter at S6.10G6.20.
Iron was quiet and unchanged.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
WHAT CATARRH is:

CaIarrh, in plain English, is an
Inflammation of the mucus mem
brane, the soft, velvety, skin-like
substance which lines the nose. in
ner ear, mouth, throat and other or
gans Of the human system. A Sim
pie cold is Acute Catarrh, which,
If neglected. soon spreads and be-
comes Chronic; then follows the
long list Of symptoms found in the
different classes and stages of Ca
tarrhal diseases.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
GARFIELD EXCURSION.

Sunday trips to busiest spot in Utah.
Round trip soc. Trains at 11:s0 a. m.
and $3.50 D. N. Great Salt lake at its
best Worlds greatest copper smelter.
New model town on the shore Roam
the hills and view the mammoth i'm
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
GO TO OGDEN CANYON
SUNDAY. June q.

Via. O. S. L. Round trip to Ogden
only S1.00. Take trains at 40 or 1920
a. m Carriages meet all trains at Og-
den depot for the trip up the canyon.
Bill Wilson the genial host of the
Hermitage, viii be on deck with a trout
and chicken dinner.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24

bulk OF sales. $500. 80; heavy. 6. 45d6 f7Ik;;
packers. 6-55q645; pigs and lights, 5.5Oa
Sheep-ReceiBts. 200: market strong:
muttons, 5.0o0S. 80; lambs 6o0fT7.75; range
wethers, 5.4oQ6.50: fed ewes, 100000
Omaha, June Seattle Receipts 30;
market unchanged.
Hogs-Receipts. 1890; market shade to
, higher; heavy. 6.35El5. 421z; mixed. 6.321zd
6.55; light, 6.30'a6.375a: pigs, 5.0OlT600: bulk
of sales. e32izfJ6.37iz
Sheep-Receipts zoo: steady: yearIings.
.. l5q6.25: vethers. 5.50d6.I5; ewes 5.O0G
500; lambs. 6.Gd700.
Chicago. June 3.-CattIe-Receipts. 1.500:
market steady; beeves, 3.90d5.00; cows and
heifers. 1.30Q400; stOckers and feeders,
2Iod455: calves. 5.00EI6.25-
Hogs-Receipts 1900; market slow.
steady: estimated Monday 5000: mixed
and butchers. 6.3006e1; good heavy 6.50FD
$50; rough heavy. J.3oGt6 90: light. 6-30d
$50 pigs, 55Od6.30: bulk Of safes. 6-50p
$50.
Sheep-Receipts. 3.000: market steady;
sheep 5.53n625; yeariings 6-00Q650; lambs,
5.5GT1.J0.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
OUTING EXCURSION NORTH
June 80

Via. Oregon Short Line. Greatly re-
duced rates to northern Utah and
Idaho points, and long limits Idaho
streams are famed for excellent fish
ing. See agents for full details.
CITY TICKET OFFICE 20f Main
street.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
HOW 1T is ADMINISTERED:

Drs. Shores personally administer
this treatment at their Office, and
the charge for each thorough treat
ment is $1-Or the patient may be
entirely cured for SIS, If they pre-
fer a definite price for a cure. That
Is optional with the patient-s1 per
treatment or SIS for a cure.
HOME TREAMENT:
To properly administer this treat
ment at home, DIS. Shores have Sc
cured two kinds of instruments for
use of their patients who cannot
cali at the Office. One for cleansing
and rendering the membrane anti
septic, and one for administering
the curative oils direct to the dis
eaSed membranes. These TWO In
struments are given FREE with
each full course of treatment. and
the entire course, including instru-
ments and medicines to complete q
cure is SIS only. Remember this
does not mean "$15 a month";" but
S15 for a cure There is no more
treating by the month" for Ca
tarrh. since this new discovery cures
quickly and surely.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24

Chicago. June 23.-On the produce ex-
change today the butter market was firm;
Creameries. 15d2oc; diaries, I4k6tISc.
Eggs steady; at mark. cases included
13d15c; firsts, lie; prime firsts. 16c; extras,
1Sc
Cheese steady. OS4@1I1zc.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
Treasury Statement.

Washington. June 23--TOdays state
ment of the treasury balances in the gen
eraI fund shows: Available cash balance,
S16 .466. 500; gold coin and bullion, $685.
6ST; gold certificates, S39, 79S,940.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
Butter and Eaas.

New York, June 23-Butter weak; street
prices, extra creamery, 305ZHg1c, official
prices, creamery common to extra. 161
coke
Eggs unchanged.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
HOW DOCTORS HAVE FOR
MERLY TREATED 1T:

For many years the medical pro-
fessiOn has laborcd with but little
success trying to cure catarrh Such
drugs as Menthol. Eucalyptol,
Thymol Carbolic Acid. Vaseline,
and OtherS-alOne end in combina-
tion-have been tried with but little
success Unscrupulous and ignorant
people have resoTted to the use Of
Cocaine to give temporary" relief
many sO-called "catarrh cures" con-
tain this deadly drug-but this is
positively dangerous as we'll as ut
terly useless in the long run, and no
reputable physician now resorts to
K
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
LIVESTOCK MARKETS.

Kansas City. June 23-Cattle-Receipts
100: market unchanged.
Hogs-Receipts. 1900; market steady;
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
EXPERT KODAK FINISHING.

Harry Simpler, Commercial Photog-
rapher, Isl Main street. Get my new
price list
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24

A FULL AND PLAIN EXPLANATION OF WHAT DRS.
SHORES NEW TREATMENT is AND HOW 1T
CURES CATARRH AND CATARRHAL DISEASES
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24
HERES All EXAMPLE Of WHAT THE NEW TREATMENT dos.

This Young Lady Has Suffered From Catarrh a
Since Childhood. Read Her Story.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24

Richie E So, salt Lake City
FROM
hads
I had I
stuffed small
wonderful
gned
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-06-24

FioIr-Firn: winter patents, g. 50d4 90:
400: straights, s.. 45G3.S5: bakers, 3 O0
$40.
Wheat-No. 2 spring. -S4Gs6c; No. 9. 7SG
SOC: No red, S6s46S75sc.
Corn-No. 2 512c; No. 2 yellow, SIC
Oats-No. . 3s1sc; no white, 39G4O1zc C; ;
No. white, 36l5G39c.
Rye-No. 2 &c.
Barley-Good feeding, 45c; fair to choice
mailing, 45d54c
Flax Seed-No. 1, Sis; No. ! north
western. 81 H..
Timothy Seed-Prime. 81 10.
Clover-Contract grades. S11.25.
Short ribs, sides QOOse)-S9- 05619.f0.
Mess pork. per barrel-S16 90Q16.95.
Lard, per 100 pOunds-SS. 621z0S.65
Short clear sides (boxed)-S9. 62JkGQ75.
Whisky. basis on high wines-S129.
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27
Aliiciia's
Home
Coming
By
Cecilia A.
Loizeaux


1T isn't even as if you needed to dc
this, Alicia Bob Kendall held his
voice to a cool, argumentatiye tone
that made the girl before him still
more indignant.
who are you that you should decide
whether l need to do anything at allY'
she blazed Indignantly.
Il am your fance, and he was be-
ginning when she interrupted him.
If that is your excuse for such I'M
just interference with my wishes,
can at least relieve you of your duty"
on the table between them. The young
man glanced at it without seeming to
see 1t. Then he looked sharply at the
angry girl who was drawn to her full
height
Alicia" he said gently, you are too
angry to realize what you are doing.
Put the ring on your finger again.
You don't mean this"
Pardon me, l do mean It," said the
girl Jelly.
The young mans face whitened, and
a hurt look sprang into his steady
brown eyes. Then he Strengthened up
and squared his shoulders and set his
strong chin firmly. When he spoke
there was a note of hardness in his
voice which the girl had never heard
from him before and from which she
shrank mentally.
alicia, do you realize what you are
doing? We were to be married In May.
Your trousseau is begun, | know. And
you've given me every reason to be-
lleve you cared for me as much as l do
for you. And now because | ask you
to do this one thing-for your sake as
well as mine-you are going to give all
this upp'
The girl turned suddenly and went
to the window, where she stood look
ing out into the dripping garden She
felt her lips quivering, and she must
not let Bob see
Bob looked at the crown of dark red
hair against the deep green of the
window draperies, and his voice sof-
tened
This Is all I've ever asked of you
Alicia. I've been too confident of your
love for me after you confessed IT.;
I've believed in you too utterly ever to
be jealous of your tiirtatioHs, as many
another man would have been-and
rightly too. I've submitted cheerfully
to being 'trailed' in public because it
was you who did the trailing
Alicia turned and faced him again,
her foot tapping the floor impatiently.
rs the list of your virtues a long
one, sr1' she asked.
81 shall not name them ALL" he an
swered calmly. THE only thing I've
ever insisted upon your doing Is this
one we're talking about. Give up this
silly concert tour. I've never said a
word when you've sung for sweet char
ity's sake or for any society affair,
even when the publicity of the events
has often made me writhe. This time
you haven't any real reason. You are
not In need of money, and you're not
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27

Long before the time Of Shakespeare
the bay tree was an object Of super
stitioH. The whitening Of such a tree
was believed 10 be sure indication Of
coming misfortune TO those with whom
1t was in any way CONNECTED. shake
speare gave voice 70 the superstition
In Richard H. when be made one Of
his characters say:
It's thought the king Is dead; well not
stay
The bay trees in our country are with
cred.
It was thought by the ancents that
lightning would never harm this tree.
and L was customary among them to
carry bay leaves as a charm against
the thunderbolts Of Jove. The same
belief was long prevalent in England.
and reference to it may be found IN
al old poem Dedicated 70 Ben Jouson.
see that wreathe which doth the wearer
arme
'Galnst the quick stroakes Of thunder is
no charm
To keep of deaths pale dart
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27

rush, and burying her face In the arm
of her easy chair, she cried herself to
| sleep.
Press notices Of "a concert to be
given in the near future 10y the best
| amateur talent the city afforded' be
gan to be frequent during The next few
weeks Then came the programme AMI
pictures Of the principals Alicia Wis
oftcncst mentioned. and one Sunday
paper contained Aer picture theat-
really posed full length affair. with
her head over ole shoulder and her
lips as if speaking. Bob> heart sank
and turned sick. She did mean it,
then.
AS the time drew near he thought he
would go TO the concert, and when the
night finally came he dressed early
and fidgeted miserably till time to
start Then suddenly changing his
mind he had himself driven to the door
of the little new home he and Alicia
had planned together. Bob let himself
into the house with his key, which he
always carried, and walked through
the empty desolate rooms, which by
now should have been furnished and
ready for the brides home coming He
roamed clear through the house. draw
ing the shades and lighting all the
chandeliers till every room was baz-
ing with light. Then he turned them
all out and lit blazing fire IN the din
ing room CRATE, and, sitting down on
the high settee built into the niche by
the fireplace he closed his eyes and de-
llberately conjured up the presence of
Alicia.
He was almost asleep when he heard
the front door open and close and the
click of high heeled slippers on the bare
floors, accompanied by the unmistakable
swish of a womans sllken skirts. Then
he heard a match scratched and an i'm
patient exclamation as something was
dropped. Then, with his heart pound
Ing violently he laid his head back
against the settee and feigned sleep.
He heard the steps come to the din
ing room door, heard Alicias voice say
ooh" in frightened, breathless sur
prise. felt his heart beat almost to suf-
location. and then he heard the steps
recede with rush to the hall and the
front door open. He was about to call
to her when he heard her say to some
one on the porch.
Tell Mr. Courtenay l am sick or
dead or buried-anything you like only
that shall not sing tonight" Then the
door closed again and Bob Immediately
went to sleep. 1t seemed to be a very
sound sleep. for he did not open his
eyes, though Alicia coughed three
times. But when she could stand II no
longer and shook his shoulder he woke
up with most excellent look of sur
prise on his face.
as it too late?" she asked breath
lessly.
Looking at her us II dazed, he pulled
out his watch.
"Oh, don't mean for the concert!
mean but Alicia could get no fur
Their, and, dropping to her knees beside
the settee, she leaned her head against
his arm and cried.
Il guess it isn't too late for a we'd
ding" said Bob, but Wen have to
hurry"
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27

One hundred tons Of squashes is quite
OF u ralse Oh one piece Of aud, but
that is what George K NTH, register
Of deeds for Kennebec county. has done
on his farm al Riverside this season, and
the work OF harvesting them Is DOW in
progress. Nj. Smith said recently that
he had already housed yer 50 tons, al d
there remained between 10 aid Is tons
to be gait cred. The equashes are of
the Hubbard variety and the piece Of
land on which they are planted is locat-
ed II an orchard and covers about IS
acres. Last yeas Mr. smith planted po-
tat0' and raised one of the largest and
best crops in Kenne bee county.
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27
STARVING TO DEATH.

Because her stomach was s. weakene5 =
useless drugg.ng tha, she could net eat, Mrs.
Mary H. Walters, Of St Car, II.
Columbus, o., was literally starving
10 death She writes: NV stomach
was s. weak from useless rugs hat
could n. eat, and my nerves s. wrecked
tia; could not sleep; an 10, before vas
given " - die was induced to ~ Electric
Biters; With the wonderful resul, ira, IN
provement began q, once, and a complete
cure followed Best health toni- 81 earth.
soc. Guaranteed by Sampson * AYlre and
9. r. Fogg druggist.
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
SUI Mnrka on China.

Hunting for silt marks on old china
Is often good fun in itself. Almost eY-
cry old piece of iatware-I. e., plates,
platters, saucers, etc.-shows three lit
tie rough spots more or less clearly
marked on both sides, usually on the
margin. These spots were made in the
firing by the cockspur of stills, the lit
lie tripods used between the plates in
pllng them w in the kiln. The three
points where the cockspur touched the
plate caused a defect in the glaze. I'm
fortunately silt marks are not as sure
n guarantee Of authenticity as some
collectors have supposed, for they are
not only easy to initiate, but they are
sometimes imperceptible on the old
Staffordshire Furthermore, they ap-
pear very frequently on modern table
ware of the cheaper sort and so are no
sign of antiquity Life In
America.
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27
An Insidious Danger

One of the worst features of kidney
trouble is that it is an insidous disease
and before the victim realizes his danger
he may have a fatal maady Take
Foley's Kidney Cure at the first sign OF
trouble AS it corrects irregularities and
prevents Brights disease and diabetes.
G. r Fogg and F. W. Bucknam.
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27
AN ENGINEERS
EXPERIENCE

\ cough reduced me from 2o8 to 1877
mounds in weight. BY taxing Father
iosa.s Meditine was builtup to 2l0 IA
noanss and my cough cured. l am now
wea man and advise all who are run
ases of have a cough or cold to take
Fs.6sr Tohn's Medicine ". F Rogers,
r. .f engineer, NJ B. y, Marblehead,
Ms
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27
WAS A VERY SICK ROY.
But Cured by Chamberlain's Collie, Cholera
and Diarrhoea Remedy.

"When my boy was two years old he had a
very severe attack of bowel complaint, but by
the use of Chamberan's Collie, Cholera and
Diarrhoea Remedy we brought him out all
right SAYS Maggie IIickox Of Midland,
Nieh. This remedy can be depended upon
in the most severe casss. Even Cholera in
fantum Is cured by ii. Follow the plain.
printed directions and cure is certain For
sale by 6. r. Foggs drug store, Skowhegan;
L. {. WI liams, Athens; Sullivan Newton,
Jackman.
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27

As dressing for sores, bruises and burns
Cham erlain's Salve IS all that can be De.
sired It is soothing ana headng in It's ef-
feet. 1t ailays the pain Of aurn almost in
stantly. This salve Is a'so certain cure for
chapped hands ami diseases Of the skin.
Price : cents. For sale by q. K. Fogg's
Drug Store, Skowhegan, |. {. Williams,
Athens. Sullivan NeVton. Tackman
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27

A neglected cough or cold may lr d
to serious bronchial or lung troubl' =,
D N take chances when Foley's Honey
ard Tar affords perfect security from
serious effects of cold. G. r. Fogg
and " Bucknam
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27

When a man regrets that he didn't get
much schooling 10 his youth, somehow
his sons who have to go to school don't
sympathize with him as much as be tx
neCted
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27

Ask any Jap" that you may see.
why the car, with Bar behind had
to climb tree
The Yaoks, GOD bless the Yanks says be,
They gave US Rocky Mountain Tea
u. r. Fogg.
The Somerset reporter., 1906-09-27

Wasp waists come back into f.vor in
London, 10 spite Of physicians warnings
concerning tight corsels.