New-York tribune., 1906-11-21

snp Ninatv-seyen per cent OF the territory OF
South America is occupied by ten lnu.ps ,.p.,m
republics living under constitutions
coniad or adanted from our own. Under the new
conditions of tranquility and securlIy waAc.
prevail in most of them their eager - 49,, -
immigrants from the Old World WIN ,s, not .ons
pass unheeded The pressure OF pop M..
abroad will inevitably turn Its streams ol n,s
and labor toward those ieruie heun heS,,n to oow.
Ieye, the streams have already pesun 70 now
more than two hundred thousand ifninlsran.s anu
entered the Argentine Republic last year uley
Gre coming this wear at the rate OF over three
sssraa sSoueans Many thousands Of Ger
mans have already settled IN Southefil p oi ie1 ~
They most welcome IN torasti. utr a.. here
END useful citizens there, as the! are nEie
hone that many more will come 10 bfaZii anu
swerv other South American country. ana aao
their vigorous INDUSTRY ,sS ana sS0b home 1r.'''
with the increase of population In such q heu,
under free institutions with the fruits Q, iauo. 10.
arS tho rewards of enterprise secure, the pro-
6,,ction of wealth and the increase OK purohaS-
ing mower will afford a market for the coiiinetS
of the world worthy TO rank even WIN uio - -
kets OF the Orient as the prize OF business en-
terr,tse. The material resources OF South ANY. ~
toa are In some important respects compienen
tary TO our own; that continent is weakest ~heI'
North America is strongest as field for rnahu
factures; It has comparatively httle coal alra a
iron. In many respects the people OF tie w
continents are Complementary to each other, us
South American is polite refined, cuitNseeu, .S
fond Of literature and of expression ana OF tne ,
graces and charms Of life. While tne Noren
American is strenuous, intense, utlntafiaai'
Where we accumulate they spend While we
have less of the cheerful philosophy which mas
SOURCES of happiness In the existing conditions OF
ne thew have less of the inventive faculty
which strives continually to increase the pro-
duotive power of man and lower the COST OK
1nauufacture. The chief merits Of the peoples or
the two continents different; their chief de-
fects are different Mutual intercourse ana
knowledge cannot fail TO greatly benefit both;
each learn from the other; each can teach
much 10 the other, and each can contribute
greatly TO the development and prosperity OF the
other. A large part of their products find no
lama 60 1a1g7Va ion
products will find no domestic competition there.
The typical conditions exist for that kind Of
trade which is profitable. honorable and bene-
hcial TO both parties.
The relations between the United States and
South America have been chiefly political rather
than commercial personal In the early days
OF the South American struggle for indepen-
dence. the eloQuence of Henry Clay awakened
IN the American people a generous sympathy for
the patriots of the South as for brethren strug-
Cling IN the common cause OF liberty. The clear
eyed. Judicious diplomacy OF Richard Rush, the
American Minister at the Court of St Jamess.
erected complete understanding with Great
Britain for concurrent action in opposition to
the designs of the Holy Alliance already con-
templating the partition OF the southern conti-
nent among the great powers of Continental
Europe, The famous declaration of Monroe ar
rayed the organized and rapidly increasing
power OF the United States as an obstacle TO
european Interference and made it forever plain
that the cost Of European aggression would be
greater han any advantage which could be won
even pE successful aggression.
MONROE DOCTRINE LIVING FORCE.
That great declaration was not the chance a,
preston or the opinion the feeling of the
moment; 1T crystallized the sentiment for human
noerty and human rights which has saved Amer
ioan idealsm from the Generalization of narrow
se8nshness, and has given TO American democ-
lacy Its true world power in the virile potency of
great example. II responded to the instinct of
sef-preserVation in an intensely practical people
IL was the result of conference with Jefferson
ana Madison and John Quincy Adams and John
C. Calhoun and William Wirt-a combination of
md NOT ciix
surpassed. The particular circumstances which
led TO the declaration longer exist: no Holy
Alliance now threatens TO partition South Amer
icai no European colonization OF the west coast
threatens to exclude from the Pacific But
those conditions were merely the occasion for the
declaration or a principle OF action. Other ooca-
sions for the application Of the principle have
arisen since; 1t needs no prophetic vision to see
that other occasions for its application may arise
hereafter The principle declared by Monroe is
as wise an expression Of sound political 1udg-
nent to-day, as truthful a representation Of the
sentiments and instincts Of the American people
to-day as living in its force effective rule
Of conduct whenever occasion shall arise, It
was on the I'd of December, 1923.
These great political services to South Aneri-
can Independence. however, did not and could
not IN the nature Of things create any relation
between the people OF South America and the
people Of the United States except a relation of
political sympathy.
Twenty-Five years ago Mr.. Blaine, sanguine,
resourceful and gifted with that ina gination
which enlarges the historians understanding of
the past into the statesman's comprehension of
the future. undertook to naugurate a new era
Of American relations which should supplement
political sympathy by personal acquaintance. by
the intercourse Of expanding trade and by
mutual helPfuness. AS Secretary of State under
President Arthur. he invited the American ma
tions TO a conference TO be held the 24th Of
November, 1SS2, for the purpose of considering
and discussing the subject Of preventing war
between the nations of America. That invita-
uon, abandoned by Mr.. Frelinghuysen. was re-
newed under Mr. Cleveland, and on the I'd of Oc-
tober, 1883 Mr.. Blaine, again Secretary of State,
under President Harrison had the singular good
70 hiG apdt
the sessions Of the first American conference at
Washington In an address Of wisdom and lofty
spirit, which should ever give honor to his mem
Org, he described the assembly
An honorable. peaceful conference Of seventeen
independent American powers. in which all shall
conference in which there be no attempt TO
fSeIee o5 S single delegate against his own eoncep-
Ehich viii permit no secret understanding
conclusions; . conference which will tolerate no
American sympathy as broad ae hotb 0 nontinep i
q conference which will form no selfish alliance
10 claim inheritance-a conference in fine which
VII VII seek nothng, propose nothing. endure nothing
gates timely. wise and peaceful. ~
The policy which Blaine inaugurated has been
continued; the Congress of the limited States
has approved it. subsequent Presidents have
followed Il. The first conference at Washtnpton
has been succeeded by second conference in
Mexico, and now by third conference in Rio
Janeiro; and 1T is to be followed in years 10 come
by further successive assemblies in which the
representatives of all American states shall ac
Quire better knowledge and more perfect under
standing and be drawn together by the recogni-
uon OF common interests and the kindly consid-
Grafton ana discussion OF measures for mutual
benefit.
Nevertheless, Mr. Blaine IN advance of
his time In 1881 and 1889 neither had the
United States reached a point where 1t could
turn its energies away from its own internal
development and direct them outward toward
the development Of foreign enterprises and for
eign trade, nor had the South American coun-