davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
snaAenIv strtclrcn nIInA.

Pittsburg, Feb 27.-while attending a local theatre yesterday Al McPhaiL of New York, one of the best known circus men in the country. suddenly became blind Thinking it was but a freak of his imagination he lighted a match and held the flame before his eyes. Ills act attracted the attention of the audience and the players on the stage and when an usher went to hts aid. 1t was found that he had collaps- ed. A physician was summoned and announced that McPhail had been stricken with apoplexy.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
AN EFFORT TO PREVENT WAR Russia Brings Pressure
 Upon Germany. THE KAIsER's LATEST OFFER Will Make Concessions If France
 Does the Same. In London This is Ridiculed, as So Far
 the French Have Done
 All the Reced- a

St. Petersburg, Feb. 27--Russia is using all her influence at Berlin to pre- vent a rupture between France and Germany. Her action has been taken at the instance of Paris. where the Rou- vier Government Is apparently con- .vinced that Germany proposes to per- sist In her. attitude even to the point of provoking war.
 On account of the close relations ex- isting between the courts of Berlin and St. Petersburg. it Is believed in France that Russia will have more in- fIuence on Emperor William than any other power. Earnest representations in favor of concessions to insure avoid- ance of an appeal to arms were accord ingly being made to which Germany replied that she had no desire to pro- yoke war. Nevertheless. she gave no indication that she proposed to modify her attitude, and Russia's latest advlces from Algeciras indicate that practically all hope of an agreement has been abandoned.
 Although Count Cassini. head of the Russian ministry, reports that the con- ference will be fruitless, he expresses decided opinion that hostiiities will not result. Russia Is much concerned about the situation. as war between France and Germany would greatly embarrass her. Not only is the Rus sian Government so engrossed with the interior situation as not to be in @ po- sition to offer aid to her ally, but war would end the possibility of contracting another loan in Paris of which Russia Is in urgent need.
 Premier witte has now become a distinct advocate of an Anglo-Russian understanding. and 1t is understood that negotiations have been or are about to be reopened fin London to de- termine the status of this agreement. If they are successful, new grouping of the powers will undoubtedly check Germany's ambitions. The main ob- stacIe to an understanding is the dis pute regarding the respective spheres of influence of Russia and Great Britain l in Persia, as the Russians are loath to abandon their plans for reaching the Persian gulf
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
A Gernan BIuK,


 London, Feb. 27.-The report from Berlin that Germany has expressed her willingness to make concessions on the Moroccan situation if France will yield something, an announcernent from St. Petersburg that Russia is using her influence at Berlin to prevent a rup- ture between Germany and France at 'Algeciras, gave Great Britain a ray of hope that the conference might still succeed in settling the questions of the people and state bank of Morocco. These hopes, however, are not strong.
 Tt must be remembered" said an of ficial today, that France made conces- sions before the conference met and has continued to do so since. Now Ger many, which heretofore had refused to withdraw single step, says she is prepared to give way on some points if France yields something. It Is dif- ficult to see what further France can concede. To give an unfriendly power control of the state bank would be prejudtciaI to the Frenchmen who have been financing Morocco for years while any relaxation of Frances efforts to tranquilize the Sultan's empire by handing over the police to the powers would cause endless troubles in her North African colony. Even the sug- gestion that she give Italy hand with herself and Spain in ofiicering the gendarmerie seems unreasonable. France should control the finances and police Of Morocco"
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
At the Conference.

Algeciras. Feb. 27.--The French ofl- cials who are attending the Moroccan conference do not look favorably upon the Berlin report that Germany will make concessions if France will also yield something. The French say 1t will be time enough for Germany to ask for further French concessions when Germany responds to those al- ready made Until this Is done the in- dications are that France will not move.
 Sidi Mohammed el Mokhri, the second Moroccan delegate, has caused consid- erable excitement by the disclosure that concessions for harbor work at Casa Blanca and Sam. two leading At lantic ports of Morocco, were given to the Cruesot Company (French) at the same time tha the Germans secured a concession for harbor improvement at TanEier
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
Annthnr PnInr Ernehltinn.

New York. Feb. ZI-Captaln MTkke- ben. the Danish explorer. who has been in this city for several weeks prePar- Ing for an Arctic expedition which Is to leave San Francisco. started for the West last night. The expedition is go- ing to Banksland under the joint au- spices of the Royal Geographical So. ciety of London and the American Geo graphical Society. The American soci- ety gave the explorer money to pur- chase a sea vessel on the Pacific coast.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
Paid on With Forged Certificates.

Salem, ore, Feb 27.-F1ftoen forgel land certificates of oregon school lands were preseated to the State Land De- partment yesterday coverinN 4'so0 acres of land in southern OrePNn These certificates purport to haR been is- sued in 1902 and are presented In be- half of Frank T. Toland of Lacrosse, Wis. Poland. 1t is alleged, was brought out from Wisconsin by the defendants in the recent government land fraud
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
11arr,,ge Date Not Set.

Pasadena, Cal, Feb. g1.-MsWDFFs OL the Busch family still have not decided finally on the date of the wedding of Miss Wilhelmina Busch and Lieutenant Edward A. Scharrer. When the formal announcement of the engagement was made by Adolphus Busch. the girls fa- ther, he said the performance or the cerennonv would depend upon the ar rival of friends. who are exDsetaa from
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
ROBBERS TERRoRIzE TOWN.
Despite Great Damage to Vault onl,
 5000 Was Obtained.

Despite Great Damage to Vault only
 5000 Was Obtained.
 Lincoln, H., Feb. 27.--The Peoples Bank of Kenny III. was robbed carly today by a band of five armed men. some of whom patrolled the streets firing on residents who attempted to ascertain the cause of the loud explo~ sions.
 The bank vault was burst by the first charge A second explosion opened the outer door of the safe, but a steel chest used as q depository for curren- cy was undisturbed owing to the grow ing alarm in the town and the ap- proach of tho diamond special on tho illinois Central on the blind baggagA of which the robbers are believed to have fled
 The plate glass fronts of the bank were shattered, the vaults badly dame aged and $500 in coin carried away.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
ATTEMPT TO BURN SCHOOL.
Lives of Many Boys Placed in DamgeH
 bv Incendfnry

LIves OK Many HOya FInCeu En UAMBoE
 by IncendfRry.
 Shreveport, La. Feb 27.---An un- successful attempt was made by an incindiary last night to burn the Boys Hall of the Louisiana Industrial School at Ruston. La
 Piles of excelsior and shevings sat- urated with kerosene were fired under the building and the timely discovery of the blaze by one of the occupants of the building prevented a conflagra- ton which would have cost many lives.
 Eighty boys were asleep in the building at the time the attempt to burn the place was made.
 A rigid investigation is being made and several olews have been discovers aH
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28

the East. but that it would probably occur some day this week The final arrangements have not yet been made. but 1t now seems likely that the wed- ding will take place Saturday. and that the ceremony will be performed at f o'clock in the afternoon at the Church of the Angels, with a reception later at the winter home on South Orange Grove Rot,levard
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
,,,,,, Ronouct Future Covernment

Manila, Feb. 27.-At Jolo. the eapi- tol city of the Moros, a monster ban- ouet will be rendered by the resident Americans and Filipinos to the future Governor, James F. Smith, on the eve of his departure on a six months va~ cation by way of Europe. all. includ- ing the radicals. uniting in the exhis bition of a better understanding.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
r,ongiu.d by the senate.

WashingtOn, FtO' -T'--I ut DeHtVt executive session today confirmed the following nomiuations;
 PostmasterH.
 Arkansas-T. A Tennyson. Arkadel- phia: M. E. stimson. Brinkley; T. O Helena: I A Houghton. Jonesboro; J G. Brown. Magnolia; F. H Vance, Jr. Malvern; G. F. Davis, Wynno
 OkIahoma-J. W. Dean, Beary.
 Texas--H. A. Cauy. Baltinger; A. R HIn, San Saba; J. A Gimmill' Calvert T. [. Balla. Decatur; J. D. Abner Grandview; J D. Crawford Minera Wells; R. R Hyland, Round Hoek' F. W. Reast, Whitesoore
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
n.n4h nf r,nI A. "a. WoInntf.

New York. Feb. 37--Col A. F. wol- colt. a Civil War veterans and turf- man. died last night at his home from heart disease. He was born in Salem, Mass 6S years ago and was a membeF of one of the oldest New England fanla lilies.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28

trials at Portland. to controvert the evidence of the prosecution. It Is un- derstood here that the certificates were given roland to rcompense him for expenses incident to his appearance at the trial.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28
wEATHER FORECAST.

washinston, Feb. 25.--For Aiabsma --Fafr wednesday,; Thursday fair, warmer, light tO fresh northeast winds.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-02-28

(COntinued on Page Three')
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

1905
including North Mankao the equals $4l0325
showing the metropolis southern Minnesota
indication OF this city and its suburbs during
months drawing a close
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

their malt Rock the They have added
machinery and have needed repairs about the building
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

their malt use % Rock street the They have We. added as
brewery street during present The
$4,000 has been spent in Improvements
BEAUTIFUL HOMES
past ns H %o a a at homes COS. ne ee a n
situated at the of Center and Lincoln and stands
handsome design and the cosest homes southern Minnesota
IIohmam who Iouth ive
has remoleed the brick home the South Broad and Walnut
the looks of the house and the handsonsst
, d Mr., s ns% .sa1s sd a HS occupied by Mrs. Stephen l
s D. Works and Geo NJ. Palmer of D
o D ne me Se s io Ee" an s n y Ws
colonial One of the homes has already been sold to Superintendent j.
NJ Mcconnell of the Mankao public school,
D. Works COMPLETED his home ala Byron street this
fall at expense of $1,000 and the house model of beauty
Dr. p rsGn built very pretty home home Pleasant Plea a street and Miss
Hobrook Hart and shavear buitn
homes during the summer and the of the homes $4,000
homes cost $780, and the other $4,000
her M 1y M vs. q nS a nT r G,' on ed% sG street ps s
home will cost about $1,000
The aapAato recently
n Andrews of this city, have closed deal for valuable
early the spring the gentlemen will erect H Ie modsrn
$1,000 each including the land Tese gentlemen have also purchased Of
they will d e a @ o a Th s s sa ,re Mne a
popular priced homes in this city.
newly Incorporated company organized lately
crg they probably new homes in this city
the coming
popular prices cottages
this city during the past year,
lis of the buildings and improvements
made in NIankato during 1905:
BUILDINGS. '''~o "7
Iamm, Iandkamner Front Street.
height stories size 76Sl30
Jh : p Richards ss, v os 4os South street
Thomas Building and 100
Loan Association offices
!" iZo south front street
Hayes Lucas Lumber Company; South
H. Zimmerman, Heinrich Second and Mulberry 49,
streets 42xll2 feet in SIZE three stories high, M
rooms .::e?!l NJ! %
j. T. Mclary Building, Fronts basement construct
ed building when finished Will $4,000 1000
Fowler & Pay. lime kins warehouse :. 5000
MONKS Mchhey III Liberty street,
Total ............................. $4,000
REPAIRS STORES AND BUILDINGS
Louis Lille, South $4,000
j. H. Ray, 40 Front street. Am
j. H. Ray Fonts street. 4OO
Young Mems Christian Association Building ....... 500
south front street
H. Zimmerman, Hotel 5O0
Mankato Mailing Co.'S Plant, street. 49, 5O0O
ochoo
Baptist Church, repairing steepe 500
,as Electric Light
John b. Meagher, l34 Fronts 5000
o- Improvements on buildings
John Klein / ca" 4IsIIs south rt $50 s75
A. Messer, 4Ol and 4O3 Fronts street. 400
- tIns oae H 4W south 'front.'
John r. Thomas, 400 South Fronts street - TX
Phil leas, 2O5 South Fontstr coo
Fronstr
brewing Company repairs at brewery.
C+an~d HERMAN NAM ~ South Front
oun'iIu brewing Company, at Browns
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

Gen j. H Baker had Hugh
him modern dwellings
homes cost $780, and the other $33O0
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

Mrs Mary Maxfed building house Lincoln street fo1
her grand daughter Mrs. W. NJ
home will about
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

S. r. Mari havea al built
of
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05
Total
NORTH MANKATO.

NORTH MANKATO.
A large number of
the property holders talking building
Most of residences
Several
and they all occupied The following
been made in the village ..
NEW RESIDENCES.
j. B. Nielsen, Belgrade $7OO
Hans Nelson Charles street.
Wheeler
Frank Cuhof Charles street
Neubert,
Harry Range street
john Larson Sherman
Joseph Rauchmann, Lake
Peter ros (emodeed
H. ~ Eeckwall (bck Belgrade
CarlsOn Bros (brick), Wheeler
d. d. (bricl), Belgrade
A. o. Anderson, Cornela
REHABILITATION.
Repairs on buildings and stores
'ehodeies residences 364OO
ioa $3SO925
North Mankato-
ver reiIon S200
New residences
Possibly the compiler has overlooked improvements any
has been omitted The Free Press will pleased
parties will send word to the office.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

Dr. c. p Peterson built very pretty
Robe built prettiy designed street
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05
NEW RESIDENCES.


o6n Uobnann South Broad
DR. Peterson Pleasant
Lenora Roblee, Brun street 3OOO
w II Willard North Fifth street
d Works & Co. SS South Front street
Works $40 South Front street 450
8 n Works 40 Byron street
T.. c.. MkesOn
~
lSO0
George 1000
poats South Broad street
22OO
Crfh Hanover street. 200
J. Seg Mulberry 20OO
Miss Amelia Eckhard Warren street
sAnnaE 100
Il Erovalson. Walnut
& NJ (cottaoe
d.
PARSONAGE First Banist church South Broad
NJ Masters, Cherry street 55Vu
Andrew Engwaon North Third commencement.
Hart South Fifth 5000
Fifth $500
Dir IIobrook South Street.
Bradley 1900
! Carlson North
Irving Day
ohn PETERS Marsh Bros addition
j " THOMSON. Spring street
Anna 1900
John B. Tileroen Waite dtion
p + East Main street.
Mrs f. X Stubs East Main street
e. p
Thomas Thomson Lewis street. =
Baker, $500
Gen. n. Baker; Center
Mrs. W. N Taylor
Witgen 5000
Tcnnev I4nkey
Walter Spring
John Sehunberg lcottage).
>@sf<3@ 800 20
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05
SOME BEAUTIFUL HOMES.

s. d. Works completed his early
fall the model
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

The ankao Mailing company
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05
OTHER PROMINENT IMPROVEMENTS.

The eneprng firm of Fowler and Pay have constructed
lime kins
The newly constructed plant will be until spring
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1906-01-05

great popular prices homes and cottages have been
this city during the past year,
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
MONEY IS FORWARDED
FOR RELIEF WORK

When the Ventura pulled into the stream last night
she carried the following letter James Morgan the
relief agent of the Governors committee who sailed
Nippon Maru earlier in the day. With the letter the
money:
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
CABLES DAILY
BATCH OF GOOD NEWS

The Acting the following cabled list the
aaved iron T. A. Fraser last night:
San Francisco, April 25 1906
To Atkinson, Honolulu. Following
H. DowsETT, andM DoWsETT
JONES' CHARLES JONES Ellsworth, Berkeley
ALBERT
WILLIAM M DE WOLF.
MARY T. CULLEN family.
JOSEPHINE tier
ANNA 27251A Ask Kemme to send
II HOLMES wife and maid Street
ADELINE WEINHoIz
G. E. WILLIAMS family.
L. CATHERINE.
MRS D. MoLER Twonty-sxth
SOLOMON CHANG 1876 Golden
w A. FREETH 725 DuBoco Avenue.
w L
family 1906 Twenty third
ROBERT MAGNEs family
ELIZA MAGNEs
L. FREIDLANDER ng
SADIE NELSON BENJAMIN baby Preside.
OLIVER LANSING
T. F. Ell ''4~'
SWIFT B
M L. SMITH Macallster
MRS NJ " HARTMAN
R. B.. BARRERE family 626
MANUEL VAsCoNCELLo
M. J. GURIDA.
SAM MoNsARRAT wife Bevdec,
ALEXANDER CARTWRIGHT family
JOE MARSDEN. Sacramento
MRS. FRANCIS ooBURN, JULIA COLLINS. Emeryvine.
MRS. PENvER with cochrans
A. j. WARD, WARD.
dren. kand
"a T. FARLEY 80 South Frederick Notify Puunene Maui,
ALFRED FAIRwEATIER family clayton street
oLAUD BRAND,
Ask p. pas 20 cable John $500
with tho Mindoro
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
TENDENCY OF EARTHQUAKES TO PERSIST

There danger from the falling Of weakened
essened by the apparent liability seismic disturbance
Conditions the underworld of the peninsula taking long
readjust themselves.
This tendency of earthquake shocks persist has been noted
California before San Francisco there
have been number of since the first disastrous
the early morning of April 49,
Nevertheless apparent in the cabegrams from the
region confidence that reasuring The Fed
authorities taking charge the relief that
will direction will probably
be fewer needless tragedies that the Citizens Police has been
dsarmed When regular soldiers
these wrehes will be shot whenever
tcted in piging it well conne the shooting the
class of guards.
is noticeable that small merchants will be allowed
overcharge necessaes considered important the
Associated both the afternoon night
cables that the labor unions will permit the levyng
higher those who rebuild and begin again
the industries of the There spirit of helpful
ness in that which promises we'll for the future
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
DETAILS AS TO ISLAND SHIPPING.

Yesterday morning Acting Governor Atkinson received the
following cabgram from A. Fraser in charge of relief work 70;
Hawaii San Francisco
San Francisco, April "a, Ieo6-1o:5o a. M.
To Atkinson Honolulu.
Cannot yet locate Carter the wires down.
Frank Crawford is o. X.
Frank Sheridan, of the Bulletin, is Oakland
Customs House resumng today
Goodrich in charge of shipping Restrictions will be
moved
Sprecksis that the Alameda will leave schedule
time. Supplies and difficult obtain,
Mongolia is the dock
Albert empty in the stream
Curtis sailed April IA with cargo,
Nevadan sailed for Seattle April 40, empty
Edward May loaded In the stream
Andrew Welsh partly loaded In stream
MaTston discharged al Crockett
Tobey repairing.
Coronado dischArging at Western Refinery,
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27

"A,
VENTURA
F. Morgan Baldwin,
Oakland Cal.
Relief Committee,
containing
100000 the Swiss
days sight acceptance
No. 1891, G. s. Wels $4,000
NO. 11e026 B. Co. California $500
No 1928, First Natl of Commerce
and the following draft sight by
H. Fargo & N Y...... 1900
This remittance totals
made
While this remittance being
you
expect at least S20,O00O0 additional a time
Please take notice that
be turned by Japanese
conu respectively In San Francisco for the relief
men, 30 that OF this present remittance will
time and manner az meets approval, To
H. l. MS Japanese Consul $3.50
H. l. MS Chinese Consul t,,,,,, $3.50
With nothing further writing thanking you In
advance on behalf OF tho Committee for the sefspang
which You are undertaking behalf this
in the stricken city remain
Yours very truly,
Uolyl 7, PECK, Treasurer
doveFnoFs Relief COMMITTEE
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27

that my relatives are all right puts
me under a debt of obligation % him
that ! hardly know how 60 repay"
said John Jones NJ Mcinerny's she's
store last night, what I have failed
20 learn by cabling privately Fraser
has asceTtalned Tor me, ana ! toll you
lac has my most Sincere lhanks,"
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
She Will Be the First Boat to Leave San Fran
cisco for Honolulu Since the Earth
quake of Last Week.
SAN FRANCISCO, April 3d.
Atkinson, Honolulu: The steamer
Alameda will sail on Sunday, April
20, at 3 p. m. FRASER.

In addition the above cablegram from Fraser which
rst definite information Honolulu has had sailing
II the vessel from the mainland private abegrams conmatory
the fraser dispatch received in night
media will therefore be the first
announced the Associated Press caegrams
Of the Oriental has been postponed
gcla due here May had
sail from San Francisco Yesterday.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
Citizen Police.

The members of the Citizens Auxiliary police have been dis
armed
The water supply in San Francisco is scanty.
The Labor Council has that there will change
in the rates of prevailing before the earthquakes
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
Building destroyed. Vaults in.
tact. Our position unimpaired."

1t will probably be about three weeks according cabegrans
heretofore received before the vaults Of the
be opened In the meantime the public has the that
The financial institutions Of San Francisco The Wells
FargoNevada National Bank has the backing combined
colossal Wells Fargo the Mackeys
the EIelmans
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
Street Cars Running Again.

The street resung service in the district not burned
that the electric lights the section will b.
ready for service
Families continue their cooking in the middle of tn
The absence Epidemic is surprising medical
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
GARTER IS SAFE.

DEL MONTE, April e6l 1925 a, M,
20 Atkinson, lionolului Safe at Hotel
Dol Monte,
GARTER,
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
HEAVY SHOCK OF EARTHQUAKE IS REPORTED
ID IN SAN FRANCISCO YESTERDAY AFTERNOON
One Woman Killed, and Many Walls
in the Burned District of City
Come Crashing Down.


OAKLAND California April 26---There
severe shock of earthquake at 3:15 this atternooa
one woman being killed.
Tottering walls in many parts of the burned
district of San Francisco crashing down.
Governor Pardee has announced his determi
nation to call extra session of the legislature
but has not yet decided upon the date.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
CORONER MAKES ESTIMATE
OF NUMBER OF THE DEAD


OAKLAND Cal, April a5.-The Coroner estimates the dead
earthquake fire will reach Many bodies
o.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
VAULTS OF BANKS
ARE NOT INJURED
The Wells, Fargo.Nevada National Cables Its
Local Agents That Its Position Has
Not Been Impaired.

l. Spading cashier of Claus Spreckels Companys bank
here received the following cabgram evening the banks
San Francisco correspondent the Wells FargoNevada National
Bank
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27

Tho message from Fraser 'elllOs me
The Hawaiian gazette., 1906-04-27
FEDERAL PEOPLE
ARE IN CONTROL
National Authorities Are in Charge Of Relief
Work, but Permit the Municipal
Officers to Help Them.


OAKLAND Cal, April 26-The Federal authorities have TAX
charge the relief work. the municipal authorities
United cooperate with them
Retail dealers re-openng and penalties have been
provided exorbtant charges articles