davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
Illinois Central
Excursion Rates.

Excursion tickets will be sold by the
Illinois Central, to the points, and at
rates, as follows;
ONE AND ONETHWD FARE ON CERr1-
FICATE PLAN.
Fort Dodge, Ia, Methodist Mission
airy Convention, March 26 2S.
ONE AND ONE-THlRD FARE
Week end rates TO points more than IS
and less than 100 miles distant, on eale
every Friday until March 3Oth limited
to Monday following the date of sale.
ONE FARE Plus $500
Week end rates to points more than $50
miles distant. on sale Very Friday, un-
til March 30sh, inclusive, limited to five
days from date of sale, with privilege
OF extension for an additional ten days
on payment of one-.hird more.
HOmeseekers Excursion Tickets on sale
to points south, southeast, southwest
and west on LIST and 3rd Tuesdays each
month until April 18th.
ONE FARE
Week end rates to points within $50
miles, minimum rate Is cents. On sale
every Saturday afternoon and every
Sunday until and including April LIST,
good returning on trains leaving desti-
nation not later than 1000 a. m. on
Monday following date of sale.
LESS THAN ONE FARE
Special Home Seekers Excursion 10
points south. southeast and southwest
March 6 and 20.
One-way second class colonists' rates
west and south, on sale daily until
April 9TH inclusiye tn nOints In Euli
fornis, Oregon, Washington, British
Columbia, Idaho, Utah and Montana.
Also on sale March 6 and 20 to certain
points il the south, southwest and west
one-way settlers rates to points in
Minnesota aud North and South Dako
ta, Manitoba, and western Canada each
Tuesday in March and April.
For Particulars as to dates of sale
rates, etc, apply to any Illinois Central
Ticket Agent, or address the undersiKn
II j. PHELPS,
Division Passenger Agent
Dubuque, Iowa.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
II. j. PHELPS,
Division Passenger Agent,
Dubuque, Iowa.

Keep the little ones healthy and
happy. Their tender, sensitive bod
les require gentle, healing remedies.
HOLSTERS Rocky Mountain Tea wi l
keep them strong and we'll. So cents
Tea or tablets. Denton & Ward.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

Friend of the Family You are very
lucky, my boy, to be the seventh son.
1t will bring you everlasting fortune
Son No. Tit hasn't SO far. All it's
brought yet is the old clothes of my six
hrothers.-Illustrate Bits.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
WEEK END EXCURSIONS VIA Il. {.
II II.

On Friday of each week Ian. 8 to
March 30 inclusive, the ]. {. II, r. will
sell tickets round trip to points in Wis
coasin, iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota
AMI Nebraska and points in Illinois
Chicago to East Dubuque inclusive
where the regular one way rate is more
than $3.50. Rate one fare plus $780,
Tickets limited to five days from date
of sale. Tickets will also be sold to st
Paul and Minneapolis under the above
conditions. II. G. PIERCE, Agent.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

why is it," said the young man with
long hair, that the average woman
would rather marry money than
brains?"
"She takes less chance" answered
Miss Cayenne. THE average woman is
n better judge Of money than she is of
brains. Washington Star.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

81 have nothing but praise for our
new minister
$50 ! noticed when the plate came
round "-Chicago Journal.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
Cutting.

Gaggs--I don't see why everybody
calls Miss Keen clever. think she
is very dull Waggs-That is very
strange, for heard she cut you yes.
terday In the street.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

The many friends and neighbors
of Mr.. and Mrs Fred Dueschner,
living north of town, very pleasant
ly surprised them Saturday. The
occasion was farewell party to Mr..
and Mrs. Dueschner and family who
will soon remove from that neigh
borhood, where they have resided
for many years, to their home north
of Petersburg. On behalf of the
guests Mr. George Willard presented
them with fine Morris easy chair
as token of esteem in which they
are held. A bounteous dinner was
served and to say the least it was q
most joyful event for all concerned.
Those present were: Messrs. and
Mesdames f. Metcalfe, w. Fl. Clute,
John Medland, Joe Sellner, Fred
Sellner, F. Burrow, Herb Stoner and
Jack Willard, Mrs. Fl. Phillip, ST.,
Miss Bessie Willard and Messrs.
Geo. Mllard, John Meizler and Fred
Millard.-Earlville Phoenix.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
80 Acre Farm Near Manchester for Sale.

We have for sale, at a very rea-
sonable price, fairly well improved
farm situated half a mile east of
Manchester on the Fish Hatchery
road. For particulars enquire of
Bronson, Carr and Sons.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
8. B. Burhans testifes after four years.

". D. Durnans testlneS after f0lr years.
G. b. Burhans, of Carlisle Center,
n. y, writes: About four years ago
| wrote you stating that | had been
entirely cured of a severe kidney
trouble by taking less than two
bottles of Eoley's Kidney Cure, 1t
entirely stopped the brick dust sedi-
ment, and pain and symptoms of
kidney disease disappeared. l am
glad to say that | have never had
a return of any of those symptoms
during the four years that have
elapsed and | am evidently cured to
stay cured, and heartily recommend
Foley's Kidney Cure to any one suf-
fering from kidney or bladder
trouble. "-Anders & Philip.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

In the spring time you renovate
your house. Why not your body?
HOLSTERS Rocky Mountain Tea
drives out impurities, cleanses and
enriches the blood and purifes the
entire system. 80 cents.-Denton &
Ward.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
Our Best Clubbing Offer
THE IOWA STATE REGISTER
AND FARMER
Joe Trigg, Editor.
the MANCHESTER DEMOCRAT
Both One War for nnlu e.

d the MANCHESTER DEMOCRAT
Both One Year for Only SITS
HE IOWA STATE REGISTER AND FARM
Err is one of the best farm papers
published. 1t has $4,000 subscrib-
ers, mostly Iowans.
Every week it contains:
Joe Triggs famous farm notes and
comment.
Iowa News of the week in condensed
form.
A horticulture department edited by
experts.
An excellent poultry department.
Bailey of Britt's entertaining humor.
A good serial story.
A strong live stock department.
As well as many other interesting
features and numerous illist :
tons.
THE STATE REGISTER AND FARMER
STOPS WHEN THE TIME Is OUT.
Remember this great weekly and the
MANCHESTER DEMOCRAT
both one year for only S1.75
Subscriptions may BIZ new or re-
newals.
HAND YOUR ORDER TO
MANCHESTER DEMOCRAT
Manchester, Iowa. 7-tf
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

II we neglect to exercise any talent,
power or quality 1t soon falls from us.
Wood
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
WEEK END EXCURSIONS via 1. G,
r. r.

On Saturdays and Sundays Jan. 6 to
April l inclusive 1906, the 1. c. r. r. will
sell round trip tickets to points where
the regular one way rate is 81 80 or less
in Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota and
points Chicago and East Dubuque In
elusive, at rate of one fare for the
round trip minimum rate rs cts. Tickets
sold at or afternoon Saturdays and for
all trains Sundays. Tickets limited to
return not later than 10 a. m Monday
following date of sale. II. G. PIERCE,
Agent.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

Fortune is ever seen accompanying
Industry, Goldsmith.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

Sheriff Tom Hennessey was in
town last night serving legal docu-
ments and looking after his friends.
Sheriff Tom is pretty popular down
in these parts-so doggone popular
that they talk of re-electing him to
the Office again whether he wants it
or not.-Hopkipton Leader.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
Double.
Double.
Apparently you don't admire Miss

Stretch"
NO. l don't like her airs"
What airs?"
Those she sings and those she
wears. - Exchange.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
D., NItli, YlalltaIligl'.

The Regular and Reliable Hhi-
cago Specialist, who has vlsiteo
Manchester, every mouth since
1901, will be at the Clarence
House,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

Three little rules we all should keep,
TO make life happy and bright,
Smile in the morning, smile at noon,
Take Rocky Mountain Tea at night.
Denton & Ward.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14
Monday, April 2,

Zone day onIy) and return once
every IS days. Office hours 8 a
N. to $50 p. m.
Independence, Gedney Hotel, Tuesday
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1906-03-14

Excursion tickets will be sold by The
Illinois central, to the points, and at
rates as follOTe.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
ChurchyiIIe items.

Churchvllle, Jan. 20 "A delightful
HOP" was given to some of our bells
and beaux" at the home OF MIR. and
Mrs. Richard MeNair on Jan. oath.
Refreshments consisting of sandwiches,
cake, oranges, raisins and candy were
generously proffered by the host and
hostess of which the company partoOk
with much zest. The departing guests
were loud in their praise of the very
ENJOYABLE time accorded them. Among
those present who INDUCED the light
fantastic" were: Miss Etfie Young, Miss
Spader of Rockingham. Miss Emma
Brown, Miss Booker Brown, the Misses
Clemmer, Miss Daisy Karicofe, Miss
Thomas, Miss Bette Ashby, Miss
Mamie Ashby. The escorts were
Charles Cook, John LUpton, Ferdinand
Harvey, Horace Fadeley, Alonza Kari
COTE, Tate Brown, Harvey Fry, Minor
Fry, Grover Ashby and Julian Light
Ber.
Miss Addie Sieg has resumed her
school, after having been much pros
trated from painful felen.
Mrs Nettie Bear is still confined to
the house.
DR.. Blair's daughters have been tenn
porary invalids from recent illness.
Miss Mamie Marshall is on The sick
list.
Mrs. PIowden is recovering from an
attack of neuralgia.
Frank Bear has gone to Washingt on,
b. G., to remain some time.
No ice has been gathered up to this
time.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
Local Notes of Interest.

On account of failing health Mr.. AL
exander Kerr has decided to sell his
home place privately. The farm of 200
acres is situated near New Hope, in
one of the most fertile agricultural sec
ti0ns of Augusta county, and has OH it
large dwelling house, improved
barns and all necessary out buildings.
The place is we'll watered and water is
pipe into the house and barn. Price OF
property, it is understood, will he made
very reasonable.
Tutwiler & Parent are Offering fine
bargains in fancy sweaters. Some
thing nobby in that line. y0u should
see them.
Mesers. Guntner u Wolff have. fl
ted up a handsome establishment in
the Virginia Hotel, and have TIE
handsomest place in the valley. Every
thing is up to-date and first class, and
the wines and liquors are the best on
the market. They have fine pool
room i'll connection with the bar.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
REMARKABLE RACES.
On q Remarkable Track

The recent automobile races on tn
Ormon l. Dat0na heac :, FlHrids, haV'
d .veloped bine remf TX able speed test
q I'd have abli .At.ti II new worlds re
cord for fast travelling. One macnlL'
i said to have made five miles in
minutes and Al SECONDS, this is n rat
vice the speed attained by or hes
express trains. Another Auto" 6
| French 200 horse power gasoline ca
c1vered emile course in 80 md four
fifth seconds. Last Friday Il Stanley
steam car ecilpsed every previous race
aud covered Il mile III rs and one hftf
sec onds, being "a rate of 1T aud STA
| tenths miles al hour. This was ttt
fastest time ever made by any vehicle
aud establishes new worlds record
In the 100 mile race an English 90
horse power car made the distance in
one hour, 10 minutes and 40 and two
fifth seconds. All these speeds are
marvellous and as viewed by stand
ards of even two years ago, were lm'
possible. These races occur annually
each in succession beating the record
of its Predecessor. So that the auto
mobile meets in Florida have become
world famous and are attracting more
attention than either the New Y ork or
New Orleans race tracks. The beach
at OrmOnd-DatOna is ideal for fast
Running and is perhaps the smoothest
aud best race course in this country.
1t is absolutely smooth, firm aud wide
enough at low tide for a dozen CARR
ages to drive abreast. Miles and miles
of this beautiful white beach stretch
away to the South and North IN an
uubroken path till it disappears in dis
lance. An eye witness to the races
declares that 1.-The autos simply skim
med the marble like sand in time that
almost staggers comprehension and
there is all there is to it,
The writer remembers that beach
well, has ridden over its smooth, hard
surface on bicycle, in record break
ing speed, propelled solely by sail at
tached to the bicycle handle bar. Such
riding is the greatest of sport. Any
bright day during the season this ma
tural drive way and race track is alive
with every conceivable pleasure vehi-
Gle and when the wind is right there
are scores of bicycle riders aud light
loaded with people speed
ing over the course with white sails
full spread to the freezes. and with no
other motive power. 1t is most in
and novel sight-one of the
many novelties seen In South Florida
and nowhere else. A. s. M.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
Hicks February Forecast.

A reactionary storm period Is in pro-
gress as February comes in, with moon
at first quarter and in apogee Oh the
1st On and touching the 1st and 2nd
the temperature will react to warmer,
the barometer will fall and cloudiness,
with more or less rain and snow, will
pass over most sections, moving to the
eastward
A regular storm period is central on
the Oh. extending from the 9th to the
9Th. Within this period we have moon
at extreme north declination on the
9th and full on the 9Th. BY the 5t5
the barometer will begin falling in
western sections, winds change to
southerly and easterly and clouds will
gather. AS these conditions begin to
move eastward about the 9th rain will
set in to the east and south of low ba-
rometric centres and snow will follow
aloug northern and western sides of
storm areas; hence rain, succeeded by
colder and changing to snow, will pass
eastwardly across the country from
about the 9th to the 10th. The crisis
of this period will be On and touching
the 9th.
A reactionary storm period is Gen.
tfdl vi luz IStll dbh 1cIh. VII bdO cohhS
DAYS the moon is on the celestial eQua-
tor and in perigee. AT this time look
for great change to warmer, with sud.
den fail of the barometer to very low
readings. A sudden sharp cold wave
will follow from about the 18th to the
18th. calling tor careful planning for
tue comfort and safety OF all who are
necessarily exposed and for unhoused
| lived stock.
| The regular storm period, extending
from the 10th to 90 b, having its cen
/ ter on the 17Ch, Is at the beginning OF
| the Mercury, Venus and earth periods,
with moon at last quarter and south
, ,leclination. Look for the crisis Of
storm and change about Saturday,
! Sunday and Monday, the 18th, 18th
and 18th, followed closely and for sew
eral days succeeding by a general and
severe cold wave. Unsettled weather
will most probably continue through.
out the Mercury period.
A reactionary storm period falls on
the 22ud to the 18th This period
promises in all probability to he the
most severe of the month.
About the 21st look for a change &c
warmer in most western parts of tbs
country. The temperature will con
tinue to rise rapidly as the warm wave
advances eastward aud the barometer
will fall propOrti0nally over the same
sectious by the 23rd high tempera
lures for the season will have spread
eastward to the central valleys, will
low and threatening barometer, ant
abont the 23d to 25th violent and gen
eral stoii ms of rain. wind and thunde
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
Mobile, Ala, and Pensacola. Fla,
February 22-27, 1906

Southern Railway offers very low
rates from all points on its lines to New
Orleans, Mobile and Pensacola and re
turn account Mardi Gras festivities in
February; dates OF sale February q 10
rs, inclusive, final return limit leaving
destination March 3rd, 1906, unless
tickets are deposited with. Special
Agent not later than March 3rd, 1906,
aud fee of fifty cents per ticket paid
at time of deposit, when same will be
good for return leaving New Orleans,
Mobile or Pensacola not later than
March 18th, 1906 Stop-overs allowed.
For further information apply tt
nearest coupon ticket agent, Southern
Ry., or write l.. 5. Brown, Genera
Agent, Southern Ry., Washington, ID
&c. feb
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
A Bin Auction Sale.

The largest crowd we have ever seen
at an auction attended the Land es
livery sale in this city last Tuesday.
the number estimated at between $50
and 400 people. The bidding was spir-
tied and property offered want at good
figures, aggregating several thousand
dollars There were sold II horses. 2t
vehicles SO set of harness and other
small articles used about livery
Tue Beverly Manor School Board, ever
alive to school interests were repres
ented by Messrs. John w. Todd and R
l.. Floyd. Their purchase was
seated wagonette, for use in hauling
child Ell to the Academy school in thil
city and will be operated in the Chris
tians Creek section near Saml Sang
er's, w. H. Haskins' and others
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02

To Maud Z. Frymyer:

To Maud E. Frymyer:
TAKE NOTICE. that we shall on the I'd
day of March, 1905. move the Circuit Court
of Augusta county, Virginia. to have
marked released and discharged certain
vendors lien retained in certain deed
from you and G. l. Frymyer, your hus
band dated January %, 1909. and recorded
in the office OF the County Clerk of Au-
gusta county. Virginia. in Deed Book No.
1871. page 389. to secure payment of the
sum of One Hundred Dollars, evidenced
by the bond of Mrs. o. Whistleman to
you. for the principal sum of 500 90, dat
ed January ~, 1900, payable Oct Is, 1900;
also to have marked released and discharg-
ed certain deed of trust from Mrs. o.
WhistIeman and her husband to A. K. G.
Bass, trustee dated January %. 1900. aud
recorded in the same clerks Office in Deed
Book No 131, p. 800. to secure payment Of
the same debt described above This no.
tice is given under Section 2498 of the
Code of Virginia, 1887, and acts amenda-
tory thereof, the under signed being own
er of certain real estate affected by the ex-
istence of said vendors lien and deed Of
trust. The property so Affected Is describ-
ed briefly as follow: Acres. Rood and
164 Poles on North River at North River
Gap, adjoining the lands formerly owned
by Emanuel Hise and AbsOlOm Michael.
POCAHONTAS COMPANY,
Timberlake & Nelson. p.q. By counsel.
feb At
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
A Bomb Shell.

The following resolution passed ltht
lower house Of Congress on Monday
1t is significant, and tends to show that
this Congress is not going to be much
longer trifled with:
THAT the President Of the United
States be. and be is hereby. requested
to report to the House of Representa-
tives, for its information, all the facts
within the knowledge of the Interstate
Commerce Commission which show or
tend to show that there exists at this
time, or therefore within the last IL
months has existed, a mbination or
arrangement between Pennsylvania
Railroad Company, the Pennsylvania
Company, the Norfolk and Western
Railway Company, the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad Company, the Phila-
delphia, Baltimore and Washington
Railroad Company, the Northern Cen
trail Railway Company and the Chesa-
peake and Ohio Railway Company, or
any two or more Of said railroad com
panies. in violation of the act passed
July 3. 1890, entitled IAN act to protect
trade and commerce against unlawful
restraints and monopolies,' or acts
amendatory thereof
The Pennsylvania Railroad has sent
out the following which the public can
take for what it is worth:
Regarding the resolution adopted
by the House of Representatives call
ing for information as to the railroad
com bination dominated by the Penn
sylvania Railroad, officers Of that com
pany indicated that the Pennsylvania
Railroad management will be ready to
supply any facts asked for.
This statement is expected to set
out with a declaration that the char
ter of the Pennsylvania Railroad ex.
pressly provides that the company
may buy and own bonds and stocks of
other companies.
Denial will be made that the COM
pany controls either the Baltimore and
| Ohio, the Norfolk and Western, or the
| Chesapeake and Ohio. In proof OF
/ this, schedules of the stock holdings in
the several companies will be sub
mitted. These will show that in no
CAGE does the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company own majority of the stock.
But it will not be attempted to bs
shown that she does not control those
who own the stock.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02

| Mrs. }. A Patterson OF Waynesboi
.ho spent some weeks with her SOD
Mr.. } F. Patterson, in Tennessee, hes
returned home.
Mrs. Edward Echols and lit g Misl
Harriet, have gone to Richmond to
joiu Mr.. Echols. They will be guests
at the Jeffer .On.
Mr.. Alonz) z. Kidd OF Hermitage ,
Augusta county, and Mr.. Archibald
lC X lid aud wife OF Marlnton, W Va,
are guests ut the hcme Of Mr.. Kidd 6
sister, Mre. j. W. Huffman, at Clifton
Forge.
Miss Bessie Weller ia at home from
Fire Creek, VIVA where she has been
reaching, resting up before going TO
Baltimore to enter Johns Hopkins
Hospital. where she will take "A course
a. trained nurse,
Mr. John W. Wheat, a well known
citizen OF Fairfield. died at his home
there on Wednesday, aged about 65
years, after all illness of some tin e
with consumption. He Is survived by
his wife aud one daughter.
Mrs. Alex. +. Robertson was called
10 Woodbury. Forest College Wednes-
day by a telegram announcing that
her son, Archie, has diphtheria. DR..
Nee uire OF Richmond, was summoned
to meet her there.
The marriage of DIR. j. S. De Jarnett
and Miss Chertsy Hopkins. NJ. D., is
announced to take place On the 14th
inst, at the home of Rev. Walter Cal
ley, ID. D , in Philadelphia, a brother
in-law of the bride. The newly mar
red couple will make their home in
this city, where they have q host of
friends.
Jeweler ID. L. SwlLzsr has in hi
show window on Main street, large
life size silver spoon. 1t is too large
for the use of ordinary mOrtals, only a
giant could WELD it. It measures 70
inches in length. the bowl is s inches
deep and inches wide across the top
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
Little Johnny Jones

After having been presented in all
the leading cities the past season. in
Guiding AL engagement covering Il
period of twenty-five weeks in New
York, several weeks in Boston. four
weeks i'll Philadelphia, and over thu ee
months in Chicago, Little Johnny
Jones" will be presented at the Bsv.
erley tomorrow Saturday evening
No musical production presented last
season scored 30 emphatically as this
the latest product of 6 gorge NJ Conan 4
pen. Seats are on lie at ShultZ's
Bookstore.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1906-02-02
Home Made

Have your cake, mullins, and tea Bis
cult homemade. They will be fresher,
cleaner, more tasty and wholesome.
Royal Baking Powder helps the house
wife to produce at home, quickly and eco
nomically, fine and tasty cake, the raised
hot-biscuit, buildings, the frosted layer
cake, crisp cookies, crullers, crusts and
mullins, with which the ready-made food
found at the bake-shop or grocery does
not compare.
Royals the greatest Of bake-day helps.
ROYAL co., Z =