davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

great machine to which thirty horses
were wont to be harnessed-the ma
chine that cuts, and threShes, and sorts
out the kernels of the grain into bags
SO that the only work required OF the
farm hands is the tying OF the bags
and the loading of the wagons, which
the tractors will eventually draw away
to the railroad station. In days work
the tractor will convert the standing
crop of field of $50 acres into wheat
and straw. The work of only eight
men is needed, one to steer and one to
fire the engine, one to operate the lev
ers of the cutting machine, and the rest
to tie the mouths of the bags and to
load up the farm wagons.
The choice of a form of power for
farm use should depend upon the uses
to which the power is to be put. Horse
power does we'll for most purposes. The
windmill as form of power has It's
limitations. A pumping windmill OF
proper size, however, should supply all
the wants Of the farmstead for water.
In the matter of economy the windmill
Is among the cheapest of powers. Case
line engines are cheaper in operation
than small steam engines Where large
amount of power is required for reason
ably long and frequent periods, the
steam engine is perhaps to be preferred.
Then for dairy purposes the steam en-
CINE. with it's boiler, supplies steam and
hot water, and on a large stock farm,
where much cooking of food is done,
and where steam heat is occasionally
required, this secondary use of the
boiler comes in.
The manufacture of engines, as OF
every modern agricultural implement,
involves great care and labor. the
manure spreader, the binder, the seed
er. the harrow, the cream separator
all are the result of an intricate system
of following raw material through
hundred and one processes till they
comprise handsome and useful factor
of the farms equipment.
The rapid strides being made to-day
in the scientific world are aiding the
implement manufacturer in turning out
a better class of machinery, and at
lower price than he could think OF DO
ing ten or twenty years ago. Gas and
electricity are being harnessed ana
made to do things never dreamed of by
our grandfathers. The farmer, too is
profiting by the perfecting of these in
yentions. for have not steam and gas
oIine engines replaced the horse in
threshing grain, cutting ensilage and
many other jobs around the farm? Are
we optimistic enough to imagine that
at some future date we will be running
our binders. mowers and seeders by
some motive power other than the
horse? One thing is certain, that if
similar strides in agricultural advance
ment are made in the next twenty-five
wears to those made In the last quarter
century, then the up-to-date farmer
will use his head and not his hands, in
the tiIling of his land.
In purchasing farm implements, get
those, as far as possible, which will
save walking; get them large, and put
on plenty Of team, remembering that
horse power is cheaper than man-pow
er. Keep all machines we'll oiled when
at work, and when not in use have
them stored under cover
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

of the plough's work, and the over
hanging mouldboard was introduced.
Near the close of the eighteenth cen
fury the first ploughshares were made
of cast iron, and In 1903 there was pat
ented a method for ase-hardening, or
chilling, the shares.
In the United States and Canada, the
forms of ploughs used during the pio-
neer days were necessarily heavy and
cumbersome Roots and stones caused
the handles to be elevated. AS the
field became cleared, the tendency was
to use longer beams and handles.
Although a simple-looking article, the
manufacture Of a plough is an intricate
proceeding Different conditions de-
mand different sizes, shapes and styles,
and the number Of patterns is great.
One manufacturer claims to have 800
different styles and sizes on his lists.
Each part of these Is made from a
brass pattern. The points as a rule are
made of a special mixture of iron,
which in the mould is given a chilled
placing a small piece Of steel in the
mould into which the iron is poured.
Iron poured on this cools more quickly,
and is harder than iron poured in sand
alone. From the sand the shares go TO
the emery wheels, and the rough places
are ground off. The mould boards,
beams, and land-sides are all made Of
steel. The temporary process takes
time and care. The red-hot steel is sub
merged in bath, kept at constant
temperature by means Of a refrigerat-
ing machine. When the different parts
are assembled and bolted together, the
plough is sent to the buffing wheels for
polishing. Next, the carpenter fits han
dies to it, the painter gives it two or
three coats of paint, and the plough is
ready for the field.
The first reaping instrument in the
worlds history was undoubtedly a
straight sword bent into a curved sickle,
form of implement destined to endure
from that date to this. With time came
improvements. A long handle was add
ed to the curved blade, and the sickle
became scythe, which reaped all the
worlds grain until nearly 100 years
ago. when q young Virginian perfected
the first really practical harvesting ma
chine. 1t was this improvement that
inspired an era of invention, that has
provided the farmer with machines to
carry on all his agricultural labor, rails
ing him from peasant toiling over his
sickle to a prosperous man of business,
and in few years increasing the
worlds production of wheat by three
fold. Within ten years a company was
turning out 1000 reapers a year. In
yentiOn followed invention. Then the
great bonanza farms of 10000 and 40
900 acres arose. and vast demand fol-
lowed for all kinds of labOr-saving ag-
ricultural machinery. There were turn
ed out reapers, rakes and grass-mowers
by the thousand. There was perfected
self binding harvester, which cut the
grain, bound it, tied it and dumped it
down in shocks of six bundles, all prac-
tically in one operation, and finally
there was produced the marvellous
"header," a machine used in the dry re-
giOns where the wheat stalks became
too brittle for binding, which cuts off
the heads of the wheat, threshes them,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27
THE FIRST TROLLEY Can
Its Remains Are in a Sbaa
bridge. Mnr wv

" Shcd at ST.
bridge, Mass. 'o0c
In little shed in Stockhridco :,
lie the remains of the first troI,ar
ever constructed in this count
was built there by Stephen I,,,,
Field, an electrical engineer wbo
still living in the town, but who
employed in important electrical on+
prises all over the country. The fomol
Cyrus w. Field was Mr.. FioId,s un
and his first introduction to the aIootl
cal business was in 1858. at tho =, 1
of the completion of the Atlantic ooh]
Another uncle was Stephen 7 Fiol
for thirty-five years on the rr,i4I
States Supreme bench. The trolley =,
was built in 1880. Mr.. Field had hoo
planning for it two years previoro
that time. He had been connected W.,
the California works at San Franniso
He came East in 1878. with tha NJ,
for the trolley partly outlined in h
mind. Franklin l.. Pope, who was
telegraph operator in Stockbrdga
the beginning of his career. was tbe
In New York City, and the two me-
talked over the scheme together pIa,
for a conduit circuit. vertical and 10
eral adjustment, almost identical wi
the present system used by the No
York street railway, were prepared
them and sent to the patent Office
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

and then separates the wheat from the
chaff and straw. The horse as mo-
tive power IN the wheat districts of the
Western States required that enormous
stables be kept up.
The ploughs, drills, harrows ana
threshers are built In various sizes for
teams of from two to sixteen horses
Sixteen-horse ploughs are by no means
uncommon, the main idea being to OPP
crate large areas in the shortest time
possible Very large farms are oper-
ated in sections of about two square
miles, each having it's own supply OF
horses. machinery and laborers. On
each section about twenty four-hOrse
ploughs are sent out In a gang, one
following close behind the other. When
harvesting comes, as many as twenty
self binding harvesters will work to-
gether in one section. But 1T is when
the giant heading and threshing ma
chimes are In use that the biggest num-
Der of horses is required, the driver on
the high driving seat often having fifty
horses under his control. The mann
moth header" cuts a swath of fifty
feet and will cover one hundred acres
of land in a day.
Mowers are machines which have to
stand very hard usage, and are conse-
uuently carefully built and rigldly
braced On many farms roots, stumps,
bitches and burrows have to be encoun-
tered and gone over. The cutter bar Is
made of a solid steel slab, and fastened
to it are guards made Of malleable iron,
which may bend at times, but which
cannot break.
The hay loader is another machine
that has helped to revolutionize prim-
tive farming. Two men on a wagon,
with a machine, can load a ton in five
minutes It's extraordinary capacity for
elevating hay affords facility for secur-
ing hay which, under the old style Of
hand labor, in stormy weather would
frequently be lost.
And now the Western farmer has
progressed still another stage in adj
vance of the reaping sickle of his fore
fathers. He has substituted the steam
and gasoline engine in place of horses
to draw his machinery. OF course the
small steam engine has long been in
use to haul farm machinery along the
country highways, sometimes for
ploughing purposes when the engine
winds in a cable, but the Western
tractor" does far more important
work. In it's wide tires lies one Of the
secrets of it's strength. They gain a
grip on the softest road, so that the
wheels cannot slip under the heaviest
load. In California where the clay is
stiff. from fifteen to twenty ploughs are
hitched up behind the tractor The
engineer pulls his controlling lever. and
the plough rolls slowly forward over
the stubble. When the wheels have
taken a good grip, the engineer pulls
his chunks of soil into small pieces.
The machine harrows the field with a
special harrow about ten times the or
binary size, covering some $50 square
feet of ground, armed with teeth biting
to q depth of six inches. With such a
harrow dragging behind, the tractor
covers twenty to twenty-five acres In
the hour.
When the time for reaping the har-
vest field arrives, the tractor draws the
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27
point a momentary stop is made. pic
ture of one of these turn-outs is given
in the illustration at the bottom.
Varying Effects of Poisona.

Certain substances which are deadly
by animals with impunity. Horses can
take large doses of antimony, dogs of
mercury, goats of tobacco, mice of hem
lock and rabbits of balladonna without
injury. On the other hand, dogs and
cats are much more susceptible to the
influence of chloroform than man and
are much sooner killed by it.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

Probably the last family link with Mil
let the painter of The Angelus." has
passed away in the person of his brother,
Jean Baptiste Millet. Like his more ia
NOUS elder brother, he was an artist.
The great painter himself introduced
him to the sculptor, Violet de Due, I'M
der whom he did much ecclesiastical
sculpture. The figures on the tomb are
by the younger AIillet Later, while liv-
ing with his brother at Barbizon, he took
up painting. and established for himself
Il position in water color.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27
RAILROADING IN THE ALPS.

The total length Of the railroad from
Lauterbrunnen to the GrutSch Alp Is
1880 feet, and the average gradient is
55 in 100. with a maximum of so in 100.
The railroad is operated by cable, the
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

DR.. Niner of Bath, England, who has
died ut the age of "a, was one of the
earliest collectors of postage stamps. and
he was regarded in the philatelic world
as most accomplished expert on the
subject His long and wide experience
and his remarkable knowledge were APP
parent in many interesting and eXhaus-
tive articles which he published in jour
mails and periodicals which concern them
selves with this subject. DR.. Niner sold
Il very large collection of stamps some
years ago. and realized several thousands
of pounds by the transaction. but it was
then understood that he had retained
great number of specimens of extreme
rarity and high value. and it is expect
ed that these will now come into the
market.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

The story of parliamentary procedure
on the part of witnesses of Il drowning,
who organized in due form and appoint
ed Il committee on rescue which began
work too late is recalled by the Burgher
Gazette. of Muelhausen, Germany, which
states that while a block of buildings at
Hueninhen. near the German-SwiSs from
tier. was burning, fire engine from
Basic. Switzerland, was forbidden to
cross the line without payment of duty.
and the haggling of officials continued
until the buildings were destroyed The
German official who barred out the
friendly aid will probably get his roast
in due form.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

President Roosevelt's remarks to the
National Fairgrounds Council concern
ing the poor children who have to use
the streets because they have no yards
wherein to play not only recommends the
establishment of Fairgrounds for the
poor, but adInonishes chauffeurs to have
a care for frolicsome children as they
speed through the streets of cities.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

approaches the top. The skillful ma
nipulation of this water ballast consb-
tutes one of the most important factors
The cars pass each other at the half
way point by means of turnout pro-
vided for the purpose; and at this
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

Adelbert college of the Western Re
serve university has received Il gift of
$4,000 from the grandchildren of Jo-
seph Perkins, for many years Il trustee
of the college Half the sum is to
found department of sociology and the
other half toward the building of Il
chemical laboratory.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

Texas is big enough to provide room
for many romping tornadoes, but when
a reporter states that at least seven of
the ''twisters" could be seen at one time
in the vicinity of Great Bend, Barton
county, he must have known that he
was giving the world breeze of another
variety.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

A La Crosse man who has been con-
victed Of putting boracic acid into sau-
sage and chopped meats will appeal to
the supreme court. He evidently be-
lievcs that he is bigger than the Legs
Iature which enacted the law against the
d0ctoring of foods.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27
The sphere of Learning.

Willie-Papa, what is meant by "a
work of supererogation"
-Supererogation, Willie, is ar
guing with a drunken man about the
rotation of the earth.-Boston Tran
script.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

Very few school teachers in the coun-
try can equal the record of Charles j.
Capen. who celebrated his eighty-third
birthday recently. For siXty-one years
he has been a school teacher, and dur
ing the ffty-three years of his connection
with the Boston Latin school he has
never lost Il day from illness and has
never been tardy.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

The Shipwreck Humane society of
Liverpool has presented gold medals to
Capts Clark of the Bostonion and So
hann of the Mannheim, silver medals to
the subordinate officers of the steamers
and money awards totaling 5000 to the
boats crews of the vessel who assisted
in the rescue of the steamer British King.
which foundered off Sable island. March
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

The two university students who
walked to Milwaukee from Madison in
thirty-six hours have revealed to legls-
Iators a way by which the loss OF the
free pass can he mitigated.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

The Countess of Aberdeen recently
gave the Irish Woman's Temperance
union novel gift in the way of an adj
dress having cover designed and
worked at the Royal Irish School of Art
Ncedlework 1t has Il white vellum COW
er lined with st. Patrick's blue poplin.
The coronet and initials of the countess
appear i'll the center, and at each corner
is a four-Ieaved shamrOck
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

Sir Edward Clarke, the brilliant MEM
Der of Parliament, started as a jewelers.
assistant in his fathers store. Now his
income as a lawyer is 100000 Il year
and he is one of the few men who have
refused a judgeShip.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

Samuel l.. Clemens Mark Twain) has
purchased Il summer home i'll Reddng.
Conn. Deeds have been passed convey
ing to Mr.. Clemens the Noah BOuton
farm of eghty-fiye acres on the west
side of the town. close to the homes of
several we'll known literary men who
spend their summers there.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

The new armored cruiser Washington
steamed at the rate of 22.212 knots an
hour on he trial trip. This is fast going
that will enable her to catch Il majority
of her enemies in the event of war; and
if things get too hot with odds against
her. enable her to get away with IA
.hnln hide -
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

The superstitious will have to give
King Alfonso credit for having courage
enough to fout The Friday hoodoo. lie
is TO be married On the LIST of June.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

What has become of the old-fashion-
ed woman who called her friends
''copycat," when they bought something
like hers?
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

"Ha, ha!'' laughed Deacon hfaIl'
sartinly did git the best o Deacon ho'"
ton in tibet horse trade yistIdy.
"Why, Uriah"' exclaimed MS viz
800 YOU allow thet wuz Christian con-
ductY'' -.,,,,-
"Eh? What's the matter. Nls'lo )
wuz'n' y."-PhiladelphIa Press
When a man carefully closes .ne
door before telephoning, it IS hot ~.
fear that he will disturb Others DD'
that others will disturb him.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1906-04-27

Too many mems charity is limited to
the giving of advice.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1906-05-05
WILL HELP CAIRO must CLEAN UP
TO GET MEETING or SOUTHERN
ILLINOIS HUsTLERs
THIS YEAR
If Cairo ODD Fellows viii Attend
Meeting at Carbonate May
10, to Organize New
Association.

Mr. F. T. Joiner, president of the
Interstate Odd Fellows association,
came down yesterday ana called upon
number Of representative members
OF the order here, with a view to in
ducing members to attend the meeting
called for the 10Th Of May at Carbon.
dale for the purpose of organizing a
Southern Illinois Odd Fellows Ami.
yersary association.
Mr.. Joiner explains that he was very
much misunderstood in his action
with respect 10 the Paducah meeting.
He desired TO have the meeting there
pos tponed because it was impossible
10 procure train service over he Hi
nois Central for the occasion. Even re-
duced rates on regular trains We're re
fused, because the company could not
furnish the extra cars that would be |
needed to handle the crowds
Mr.. Joiner thinks the Padncah Odd |
Fellows misunderstood his motives, |
believing that he wished to delay the |
Odd Fellows meeting for the benefit
of the carnival, with whose promoters
they thought he had an understanding, |
which ne declares was not true.
Mr. Joiner believes that if Cairo will /
send strong delegation of Odd FeI-
lows to Carbonate on the date named
an effective pull could be made for the
Southern Illinois Husters meeting in
Cairo. Carbonate was Cairo's strong.
est rival for the Hustlers meeting las
year and would help Cairo out this
.ear if the right kind of effort is put
orth on the occasion indicated
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1906-05-05
MAYOR PARSONS WILL ISSUE
EDlcT SETTING MAY 23RD AS
THE LIMIT.
ises in Good Order--Yards and
Streets Must Be Kept
Clean.

Cairo win have cleanup day on
MAY @3rd
Mayer Parsons has decided that the
people ef Cairo must clean up their
premises on or before that date ana
that thereafter anyone caught throwing
rash in the streets viii be prosecuted
without further notice.
Due notice will be given the pub
lie of this uttimatum by Mayor Par
sons but no favors will be shown TO
Offenders who violate the law. Mayor
Parsons is determined to have a clean
err Cairo realizing that the city can not
become greater until more attention
is paid to the condition of our streets
and alleys. The value of a good ap-
pearance can not be over-estimated.
II means as much to a city as it does
to an individual and every good citi-
zen will join in the movement to i'm
prove the city by seeing that his own
premises are in good order.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1906-05-05

The body of a negro was found in
the Ohio river below the Big Four in
cline yesterday morning It was taken
10 Fieths undertaking establishment
where an inquest was held by Coroner
McManus The body proved TO be that
Of jeff Allen, formerly a driver for
Walsh's grocery at Twentieth street
and Commercial avenue, who lost his
life while trying to board a Lee Line
boat at the wharf two months ago.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1906-05-05
COMMON INSURANCE TERMS
Technical Expressions Used by
Agents Translated Into
Plain English.

A level premium is premium which
is the same at every payment; that is
which becomes no greater as the polio,
holder grows older. says World.
! Work
The reserve is the excess amount
charged in the early years Of leye
premium policies to Offset the failure
to increase the premium during the
later years. This reserve is invested
by the company, and the proceeds from
1t makes mp the deficiencies in the
later premium payments.
The annual surplus is the excess
amount paid by the policy holders
above the sum paid out in death CLAIMS,
and in expenses of management plus
the interest earned by the reserve
above the percentage of the require
monu.
Dividends are the portion of the
surplus divided among the policy hold
ers
Deferred dividends are dividends
hat are not distributed among the
policy holders annually, but are held
oy the company and paid to the policy
hoIder al longer periods, usually 20
years.
A surrender is the act of policy
holder in giving up his policy for a
consideration from the company.
The surrender value. or cash sur
render value. Of a policy is the
amount he company agrees to pay If
he policy holder surrenders his pol-
leg This IS less than the sum that
be has paid in premiums.
a participating policy is one en-
lifting the policy holder to share in any
lividends that the company man pay.
A uonparticipating policy is one
hat gives the holder no right to divi-
lends.
An annuity is money paid back an
luaiiy 90 a policy holder az stated in
ervais after q certain date, in con
Liberation Of the money that he has I
aid into The company.
lnsialiment policies. return prem d
inns. gold bonds. and other similar
are varieties Of annu-
lies IA combination with life insur-
nee.
4 iontine policy is one on which
he holder receives nothing If he fails
} keep up his premium till he dies.
Term insurance is insurance for a
lecIfed number OF years. The amount :
b. which The policy holder is insured
paid only il case he dies before the
lpiratioa Of The agreed term.
Renewable term insurance is term
suranoe with the additional privilege
renewal Of the policy az the end Of
e FIRST term OF succeeding terms Of
.aTs without further medical exam
alton.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1906-05-05
Cotton in siam.

Siam was a cotton producing ooun-
try $500 years ago.