davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Juan islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1906-07-07
How the Aver
age Citizen Is
| Ignored Incur
S y t e m OF
GOVernmen mt
By
JANE adams,
Hull House,
Chicago

~ HE points which government developing most
rapidly the present naturally the two IN
which it GENUINELY EXERCISES ITS FUNC-
TION-in relation to vicious and in relation to the
Door and dependent
The San Juan islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1906-07-07

In the Superior Court Of the State Of Washing
tom in and for the County Of San Juan.
Mrs William Wills, Plaintiff,
The San Juan islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1906-07-07
ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE

First publication June 9, 1906.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
CRAWFORD COUNTY SYSTEM
AS A GENERAL LAW FOR
PRIMARIES.

The general d scu>sion now goinI n
regarding the change in our preset
ballot law has extended @ a diScuSSi Il
of the primary ection law. In me
eases We find q disposition 10 embody
n Il :, neral law the Crawford coun Y
system for all primary elections. Many
year ago the system was in vogue in
tn county, and the blasting effects
w re felt long time nj er. The gen.
eral d moralization incidant TO this
system i Clearly seen in all the cOun-
ties where j, has been tss ed. The con-
tests in the primaries are Of the most
bitter and perso al character. involving
the expenditure Of vast sums of money
10 secure nominations, thee al the gen
eral election the party is absolutely left
without leadership or organization,
every one feeling that the successful
candidates should do all the work We
have watched the result in other euuu-
tics aud have found more demoizat,on.
more corruption in The open purchase
Of voters than under any other system.
The Crawford system has al tile APP
pearanees Of fair play. since it gives the
right 10 every v.ter 10 cast his taliot
for any on seeking nomination. The
public sem to think they are given
special protection under tie system,
but they loos- sight Of tn fac; that I Z
money uau has the advantage Of nj.
the other candidates. At this time
when every honest mau is striving 10
do away with The corruption fund ana
ursi' : 4 law 10y which all political par
ties must pub sh the expenditures i'll
order 10 lessen the demoralz. ton in
o.deut collections, the Crawford system,
in our Judgment, would do more t.
/ prevent ,he gaed effects Of reform in
/ primary elections THAI under any other
system vs. do not be.ieve ii her q.
the two parties in thls uuty would
urge the adoption Of such system
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
IMPROVING THE ROADS.

Tie stone tg-sae-, have Ueen st
wora $: Nou;evue aad >,oae baS bseu
hauled on ,h= road leading TO he in
s,l;a.;ou. The pat near tie city has
been ,eVA.cei. ~ Usual only "a few
wife AWAKE farmer, have Offered their
teams 70 help ;o Go the hauling G-u-
v.ai BauShmAu Mr. LahIu aud Mr..
P-tuAa Are The only ones VIII have
helped in :ais good WORK Now. why
: thers such Indifference shown upon
the qar. Of s.. the rest Of the farmers
along tire roai: Tuey AI U.s. the rad,
mY.a,n when /, : in poor order aud
yet they vii L lend = ae,p'ug hauc.
Their ,e4us SIS idle ., home aui they
see Others co.us ,as wovs. in which
a. should willingly cooperate.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26

THE evils Of cigarette smoking have
ecome 50 magu lied to the! mind Of
ne member Of the Legislature. thst
.e has drafted bill, which ha, $, 3
easan for is being the suppression If
he habit. I, provides hsAvy fine
nd jail As $ last resort f'r users Of the
seed in this foru No doubt the
aember who introduced the measure,
nd by the way he is 5 doctor, Is con
'inced Of it, necessity, but We Que>-
ion his abiliJy 10 make the thousands
rho use cigarettes, and mauy doctors
ne smong this mum e.. see the matter
u his light. It's rather an iuvAsj u
4 perSonal rights sud should Mt
ave serious consideration. There :
90 much serious work u be done i'm
Annapolis thau 70 waste ;ime with
lleh silly things
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
FREDERICK MUST PUS z
AHEAD

Oar Ci:y Fathers nigh, do well 10
,ry Few blocks in our side streets
covered VITA aspha.t. The eot5's
stones would serve - solid tourda-
tiou and covered with au asphal. wita
;a7 Or pi.ch wol,d makz = s-rvic aol-
aud chesp street. This bas bveu done
IN ".auy q The cities Whether il,
woa.i d satisfactory aui da-a lie
could easily t. sscartsinsd te:orz the
y u,1re. oae thing Is csr,aiu. and
this. :, tbs. our City Fathers have
doe more 70 improve F5et-rick by
putiag down aa-,o-da;e streets this
50 oseu 1oue iarAet->. W improve.
weu,s oaa be maie without o.. au6
t're 'er.cN in ori-r re A--p aoc-a,, Of
,a- times. mus, no, hs>ts 4 Tor tsa- vi
spending Wv thousand io..-rs- Al
these Improvements hep our III.
chants sud gives good uams q tte
town. W. esuuo: Afford 10 :, baca.
wsri. We mus: push ahead. \ i've.
wide awake policy : wnat : expe- Ted
Of OF Aliermeu Tue public ws.l r.
Sponi
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
ToIMPROVE THE CITY OPERA
HOUSE.

II Is eSpeclallN gratifying 10 huo"
that the Board of Aldermen are syri-
ously considering the advisability OF
making substantial improvements TO
the City Opera House, with view of
rendering ii suitable for the presenta-
ton of tirst-ciass attractions and At the
same time to secure greater revenue for
the city. For years the people have
been clamoring for an up to-date thea
tire, aud whilst the authorities have
fully realized the justice of the demand
they have not felt able To do anything
in the matter, owing To the great eN-
penditures that have been INSIDE on ac-
count Of smooth streets ami other nee
esSsry things. The people have cer-
tsiuly teen long suffer ne in this
regard, and there is general satisfaction
in the community over The knowledge
that something will be done to give
them tirSt-clasS play house, where
they can enjoy every convenience and
get the worth of the money they 20
lavishly Speud. OF course, /, is first Of
all q business propositi and tie Board
naturally want 10 see their Way clear
before going any further ahead. In
brief their plans are to borrow $4,000
or $4,000 at fair interest and entirely
remodel The interior Of the opera house.
1t is proposed to have plans prepared
by a competent architect Who has had
experience in building theatres This
will, Of course. be Of m ,re cost than the
plans for III ordinary dwelling, but it
is tn only way to =, about getting
what i wanted. False ecoaomy in his
first cost would be fatal. The idea is to
pu, the sage on the : ouui ard 10
suitably enlarge II. The main door
will be lowered accordingly, with a
proper slant, 10 give each seat clear
view II the stage. The question
boxes 5 immaterial and can be decided
on later. Comfortable seat, should also
be provided. a> the present Res are
impossible. There j plenty II room
for all these changes and yet,he seating
capacity will be greater than now. It
is pr posed II have .wo galleries. The
stage viii he up-;o date in every re-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
SONS PROVISIONS OF THE
NEW BALLOT LAW

The old style Way Of voting with the
prescott safe guards inside sui on side
e the po,li-g places, seems 70 NEE,
with much favor from amoug those
seeking s change in tire present bal,ot
Iaw. The ballot IS 10 be placed in an
official envelope given by the Judges
Of Election when the vo,e7 offers his
ticSst- The tickets are 10 be distributed
through the party organ Eauous aud
10 Be- 0otaiuSble in the voting places.
Piscius the bsl,o, in su official eavsl-
ope would prevent sl pud5ias tickets,
sll tick bsll1ts, su marksd ballots.
.er the 'sw would authorize a,l these
10 ys east cut The vots- could pre-
pare his oaliot 81 home OF where he
plsSses, thus there would be little
complaint about 'rAnehi>iug trou-
SSndS Of voters. snd every voter would
be able 10 vote according TO his own
wishes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
TW , CENTS A MiLE.
Favorable Comment on Dele
gate Anders' Bill.

The 2-centS-a mile IN i lie a g e
measure introduced by Delegate
4. Il. AnderS. of Frederick
County. has aroused general in
terest. 1t is said that the bill
will not affect the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad, which is author
lied under its irrepealable charter
to charge 3 cents a mile. but it
will affect every other railroad
doing business in the State. If
the rate of travel is reduced 10
, cents a mile to competing
points, Of course. the Baltimore
aud Ohio would have to meet the
competition.
\ well-informed gentleman. in
discussing this measure said:
There is little doubt in the
minds of most people that the
enactment OF Mr.. AnderS' bill
would be as great a benefit TO the
steam railroads as the reduction
of fares from = cents to cents
was 20 the street railroads of Bal
timore. The plea that a railroad
agent made in justification of ex-
torting the additional $40 for
each ticket sold is regarded here
as ridiculous. The $40 is charg.
ed. it is pleaded. to prevent the
use of the 1000 mile ticket 10y
unauthorized persons. 1t is d
mystery TO the ordinary citizen
how it can iniure the railroad
for people to travel on it and use
the ticket up That will require
them TO buy a new one, and the
more people privileged to use a
ticket the more travel there will
be
The New York railroads can
afford to carry passengers at
cents a mile and make money on
it. Why cannot Maryland roads
afford il! There is as great a
volume of travel between Balti-
more and Washington, for exam
pie. as there is on almost any
road in the country. and trans.
portation over il is MOI more ex.
penSlve. II is curious fact
that local travel in Maryland is
IS expensive as il was 80 wears
ago, or as it was during the war.
when the money they received
was worth only 10 or 30 cents on
the dollar, Tue price of freight
transportation s not more than
half is great AS ii was. aud Vet
the passengers are charged at the
same old late.
If Mi AtderS' bill becomes a
law. as tits almo>; sure To do. the
railroads will probably carry
twice As many pass uger> between
Baltimore and Washington. fol
example, as they do now. The
Legislature will do the railroad,
the greatest possible benefit by
the enactment of this bill. which
contains noc a >jugle onerou>
provision"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26

Cor. MANN. Of the &c ebrated ToArl
ODic<, published in New Yo'k,
dn,itS, whilst giving in his ,ss-
lmouy ia the tamoas Collier suit.
hat he received over $4,000 fr,m
ueh men - Morgan, k-sue, Wander
lit. Whitney, Bryan, John Gates and
Their. The large>, was from James
+ Keeue. which was over $4,000
Sut littls of this borrowed money was
yer returned. These are fearful reys-
atiouS.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
ETPING READY FOR LARGE
CROWDS AT BRA OCK
HEIGHTS.

The work or the Electric Roai from
Frederick 10 MiiiletoAn : looSvd
ID N IS Kind Of revelation when
-ontraStsd with toe character q the
ar. the con iit.oa Of the roai oel aoU
ather much needed Improvements
Sheu in the hands Of tie old COM
aany. Nv we hsve many more ears
tnd more frequent trips The ,ars are
,leAu and healthy. the stations Alous
lie rnad are likewise clean aud h-a,ei.
This policy will induce travel sud in
creased travel means . return upou
he money invested This summer
Baltimoreaus aud Wa>hiuEtoaiau>
viii hud Frederick and Braiiock
Heights mos, interesting. There viii
b ample accom- u0ittie rs in the way
Of up-Io-date lunch rooms sud sooi
hotel accommodations Special rgSius
over the Bsltimore snd Ohio RAilyoai
should be iucludsd in the summer
schedule Of the Baltimore sud Ohio.
4 delightful trip Will be 10 Fredsrioh
from Baltimore or Washington. then :
day st BradducS Heights o. 5 ride 20
Middletown, Myersvlle sud Hazer>-
town, su by trolley. There Is no seen
cry in any section Of the country TO
surpssS the view Of the TWO valleys
from Brsddoek. Trims Of IT, A view
into four StStss. Where cau you sur
paSs III In = short :ime the same road
viii be extended TO WSlSersvills. Lib
erty aud Uuiouvllls
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
THE CITIZEN
(RU-UsrAsllssEo ,sao)
FREDERICK CITY. MARYLAND.

IA Democratic weekly newspaper edited by
IAUGHMAN BROTHERS. successors TO J. WM.
kUGHMAN.
lThe price OF THE CITIZEN is Sl.N the year,
Irotly in advance. This price has prevailed
lace August Srd. 1894.
whilst THE CITIZEN is tirSt Of all polttl-
newspaper, and the recoSnized organ Of
e Democratic party in Frederick County, ii
80 aims To give all the important local news
Id selected miscellaneous reading matter OF
lterest To all members OF the family.
Communications on interesting subjects are
ways desirable and especially local news
ON the county.
Sign name In null for confidence and write
lily on one side Of paper. sample copies
adly sent 70 any address.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
COUNTY APPOI Mt MEN T S
AND THE NEW BALLOT
LAW.

The Democratic County Central
Committee will meet AT the Cou I
House ia this city tomorrow. Friday,
for the purpose Of endorsing the var.
ious applicants for office in each dis
trict Of the county These applican's
81 uli be men Of the hishe>. s.sudins
and worthy in every way Of the con-
hience aud trust of the party IT whose
hands they ask for reloguit On. This
has long been the custom Of the Dem.
o,rAtic party in this county 1. was
'0anS0-stej f->. When G-uera, l..
Y. Baughna was Goa r.aaa as Tie
County COMMITTEE. This custom pla =
the reSpo >.aiH;y upon the Central
COMMITTEES in each 6is.rlc. o. the
G unity aud makes them q suaicisu:
Importance : 10 cause E5ue-a, In
;ere>i IN paE.y affairs The committee
will $50 { u>jie- the change ii tie
pre>en; ba,lo. law and W. seek 10
d wise some system which will no, lis,
traach * - msuy Of our fellow e.ti-
zsns- The : neral sediment : :, -
oStN 10 the Old vs.: poeNa; system q
' ting A. VS. done Ia the days g. our
fathers, When trick ballots wee ur.
SHOWN aDd eve-y man could vote his
>entlmen,S-,he old system, with al Tie
present safe sua7i> IN the pllu.
places - vel. - On the outside
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26

\ politician who was a tride
provoked over tie auti.paSS order
suggested tbattIe Pennsylvania
New Years car,)s De returned with
This Endorsement:
II Will be remem bered that
Sbylock draws upon holy writ 10
make point in The Merchant OF
Venice aud that Bassania retor,s
that the devil can quote Scripture
10 his purpo>e.
Tue PiltsbarE Newspaper Pub
fishers Association acted on Tie
proposition sS fellows:
1t was decided that hereafter
no railroad official Of the Penn.
Sylvania railroad shall receive a
favorable mention in the daily
papers. Railroad news must be
restricted 70 report Of wrecks aud
such news as will benefit the pub
lie. In handling all news the
copy must be edited so as 70 elimi.
nate sll favorable mention Of the
railroads. but wherever possible
the news must De 50 written that
the public side alone is printed. :"
Ocber lines have not taken any
action As 70 cutting of the trans
pOrtation Of newspapers and are
holding the action under advise
meat- The experiment on the
Pennsylvania is being watched by
every railroad 10 the country.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26

Or. r. Y. Smith has secured
another dUe black horse for the
United Fire Company, which will
be used for the engine. Both
horses 70 be used in the engine
are black and make > fine APP
pearanee The purchasing com-
mittee consisted Of Or. +. V.
Smith, Edgar Marman, GrsySon
Haller, Harry Marman. T. Julius
LOchDer, Lewis Halter sud James
Solt.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
THAT NEW HOTEL.

The demand for ihst first elsss hotel
dol exists in Frederick. That i the
thing most needed in cur city
oEfe day. some dsy. Sixsy-ive thou
sand dollSrs would do the trick.
Where, Oh where. can il bs fouUds
You can wager that it would pay from
the very jump What plsce for
moter trips from Baltimore Snd Wash
ingto0.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
Democrats and Republicans
Unite on Rate Bill Report.

Tue Republican and Demo
cratic members OF the House
Committee on Interstate aud
Foreign Commerce came 10
unanimous agreement last Tues
day afternoon upon 3 freight rate
bill. which will De reported To
tie House "Wednesday. There
were - separate rate bills before
the committee for consideration.
bur ,he committee fualiy elimi-
mated al bu; TWO meaSureS-tbe
Hepburn bill. which was favored
by the Republicans Of the com
mitIee. aud the Davey bill. which
was introduced by Mr. Davey, Of
Louisiana. and was favored 0y
the Democrats. A. Tuesdays
session Of the committee the Re
publieanS yielded 70 the extent
OF accepting as amendments 10
the Hepburn bill certain parts OF
the Davey bill 50 as 10 iucorpo-
rate into the Republican measure
all Of the principal contentious
Of the Democrats. Some minor
things for which the Democrats
Cousended were rot accepted.
Still. the Hepburn bill embodied
tue principles favored by the
Democratic leaders who preferred
10 unite in solid front with the
Republicans II one measure rather
than sacrifice unity on the major
propositions for division over less
important essentials.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26

/ CLEAN up your ice houses. See that
,ley are dry and in proper condition,
pr after these spring like days we may
& surprised with good, stiff freeze.
..et il come, IS the cry al along the
ne. The farmers are waiting.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
No Shooting For Two Years

The Frederick County hunters
in many cases have favored a law
for this county preventing any
kind of shooting except for SOUR
rels. for at least TWO years. This
will give the birds show.
Those interested should see that
such q bill IS sent 10 our dele
gates 81 Annapolis.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26

Many were looking for that
blizzard on Tuesday last. Re-
ports of snow storms aud cold
waves caused all to be in readl-
ness. but so far things are on the
spring like order.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26

The President aud faculty Of
The WomanS' College will hold 3
reception Friday evening. Feb
rusry 2ud, from eight 20 II
o'clock.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26
order,
oSEPH GAVER,
iHARLES w ArERS,
Secretaries.
j. P. BISER

AUGUSrUS BELMONT, Of New York,
as entered SUIT sgsiu>. the New
urk Journal for $4,000.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-01-26

.1eeung or County y n u d l
Committee January 9th
!, at u.S0.
= The members of the Democratic
ouuty Central Committee are
sereby notified to meet in the
rand jury room at tile Court
louise in Frederick on Saturday,
I auuary the 27th, at 1850. All
lounty appointments are 10 be rec
lmmeuded q; this time by the
district committeeS-a general At
'audanee is requested.
By order,
j. ?. BISER,
Chairman.
oSEPH GAVER,
lHARLES WATERS.
Secretaries.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1906-08-16
A CHALLENGE TO mi
Single Case of Graft-Clement
Receives Rebates.

Middlebury. Aug. 9.-Enthusiastical-
lY several hundred people cheered n
applauded Hon. william p. Dilling-
ham when he appeared upon the plat
form at the opera house here this eve
ming in company with f. b. Flynn
of Springfield. The campaign was
formally opened here tonight with a
most enthusiastic rally which drew
not only the full strength OF the Re
publican party but brought out fusion
lists and democrats.
Hon. william i. Dillingham; was in
troduced by ex-Gov. j. w. Stewart,
following a concert programme by the
Middlebury band, and spoke for 35
minutes dealing with State issues. He
dealt specifically with the several
questions that Hon. Percival w. Glenn
ent has attempted to raise during his
campaign tour of the State, He chal-
lenged Mr.. Clement to name specific
instances of graft in the administers
ton of the state institutions.
He was followed by Edward b..
Flynn of Springfield, who Sem
ator D%llllngham's question: "Who is the
CRATER" BY saying that Mr.. Clement
was such and to prove his assertions he
produced evidence to showithat Mr.. Glenn
ent was receiving railroad rebates on
coal shipments made over the Bristol
railroad. Mr.. Flynn regaied the audience
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1906-08-16

TOOK POSION BY MISTAKE.
Mrs. Lydia Spencer of Calais Died
from Its Effects.

Montpelier, Aug. 1o.-Lydia, wife OF
George W. Spencer of Calais, who was
n patient at Heaton hospital in this
city last winter at the time ncr nus
band was taken to the Soldiers Home.
died suddenly at the town farm in
Calais this morning under what at
first were thought to be suspicious
circumstances The fact has developed
that Mrs. Spencer during last night
took a dose of medicine from the
wrong bottle. The bottle from which
she drank. contained poison. Sac had
been suffering from cancer Of the sto-
mach and the medicine nauseated her
so that she threw of a portion of the
liquid, but the poison caused her death
at eight o'clock this morning. Mrs.
Spencer was so years old and had no
living relatives.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1906-08-16
LARGE FIRE IN UNDERHILL.
Buildings Burned-Started by
OIL Stove Explosion,

Underhill. Aug. IA most disastrous
fire swept through Underhill Saturday.
The fire originated at the home of Walter
Grace caused y the explosion of an oil
stove. The alarm was given but before
help reached there the house was in
flames. The next to take fire was the resi-
dence and drug store of DIR. W.. S. Nay.
By this time in answer to telephone a
good many men from the adjoining viii
lagos responded but the fire had made
such Roadway under the impetus of a
strong south wind with the facilities at
hand 1t was impossible to cope with it,
The two remaining buildings between that
and the park were the Methodist Church
and Grange hall, which were both burned.
1t was only by the most strenuous Efforts
of those present hat the fire was held
from crossing the street. DR.. Burdicks,
Howard's residences and III. Bar
rows's store and the Congregational
Church caught fire several times but were
extinguished.
An engine was sent for from Burlington
but did not arrive in time to save any of
the buildings.
The losses will be heavy but partly COW
cred by insurance. Mr.. Grace { q not save
any of his household effects. A large part
of DR.. Nays furniture was carried out and
part of the drug store stock.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1906-08-16
DAY OF JOLLIFICATION.
Carlo Temples Holds Autumna Meet
ing-3O Candidate Crossed
Hot Sands.

Rutland, Aug. 1N.-There were 400
shriners in this city to-day to attend
the autumnal meeting of Cairo Temple,
Ancient Arabic order, Mobiles Of the Mys-
tic shrine. The members of the order
made it a day of jollifcatlon, extending
from the beginning of the Rutland-Bur-
lington base bail game at $3.50 O'Clock
until the close Of a vaudeville perform
ance late tonight. There were visitors
from Oriental Temple, Troy. n. Y;
Mecca Temple, New York: Aleppo Tenn
pie, Boston; Kpra Temple. Lewiston,
Nc, and Cyprus Temple, Albany. n. Y.
Smith Ballard, illustrious potentate of
Mount Sinai Temple, was a distinguished
guest.
Following the ball game at which the
shriners did a generous share of the root
ing there was a business session at tho
Park theatre after which the ceremonial
session was in order. 80 candidates cross
ing the hot sands. Illustrious Potentate
Frank W. Agan presided and the Arab
patrol had as It's chief r. w. McCuen Of
Nergennes. assistant. John W. Kellette of
this city and Capt. Will l.. Davis of Rut-
land.
After the work was finish al a clambake
was enjoyed in floral hall 1T the fair
grounds. The shriners attended the regu-
lar performance of the Park theatre In
the evening. n special vaudeville perform
ance, in which some of the Cairo members
took part. being given after tho show.
To-day's addition raises the membership
of Cairo Temple to over 800 notUithstand-
ing the fact that it is only thrc, Yeas
old.