davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

Of Natural History, was at a theater
party in NeWgIIlor1E eisssalast Tuesday
night. A photograph 81. the newly
discovered skulls was handed him by
a newspaper man with the request that
he pass opinion upon it. The first train
leaving New York the next morning
carried Osborn, en- route to investigate
what he pronounced the lowest type of
man ever discovered in America. And
with the skull Of the man of the long
ago in his hands, Professor Osborn
stood aghast at the thought of the
tremendous stride towards settling the
question of the origin Of man which
this means
cit is without doubt the lowest or
der Of primitive man ever found on
this CONTINENT said he. And when a
scientific man with the reputation
borne by Professor Osborn makes
statement as firm as this one, it means
something. The Nebraska skull shows
an extremely small brain with CORE
spending possibilities of. the power of
thought, intermediate between print
tive man and the lowest type Of in
tellectuality now known. The Nebraska
skull is that Of the primitive thinking
man.
When asked, Chow does this skull
compare with the Lansing skull, esti-
mated as being 100000 years old9"
Professor Osborn answered.:
This skull antedates the Lansing
skull by probably thousands of years. "
Osborn was so delighted with the
find that he spent the entire day MAX
ing drawings and estimates. Attic he
had travelled two days and was very
tired, he was SO interested that he
failed to take time for luncheon.
Professor Henry Baldwin Ward, pro-
fessor Of zoology, Nebraska university,
says: 81 regard this skull as belong.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04
How would you add to the security

na[?on, TGuld ye ~ add to the security
BY increasing the number Of ex-
amlners and by paying them a fixed
salary directly from the treasury Of the
United States. Now they get fees, as
have said, and the banks really are
t In ~ employers. The fees range from
$%2 a,o19 IT,, to $500 year. n New
DIX they may amount to $4,000
year. The clearinghouse in Chicago,
which means the associated banks, has
employed an outside auditor who regu-
iarly makes a detailed examination of
his own. It is good idea, and might
be taken up in all of the cities.''
Are national banks becoming
interested indirectly in savings banks
and trust companies, one kind of bank
working 20 the profit Of the other9''
GA national bank is not permitted to
own the shares of stock in any business
enterprise whatever. Sa there can be
no direct connection between ma
tlonal bank and savings bank or trust
company. But there is no law against
a shareholder Of national bank own
ing stock In savings bank or trust
company. Nor can there be business or
ethical reason to the contrary Ia
what are the. chief causes for the
failures of national banks?' =..t
Practically, there is but one cause
loans made to the officers of broken
banks. Forgeries, thefts, and all the
crimes which are common in banks be-
gin right there Let me tell you a
story; One of the finest men in the
him said, put $4,000 Of his own money
into. bank out, west and became, its
president. He was young, immensely
popular, capable and honest. Persons
whom he knew, men Of millions, were
going into Amalgamated Copper when
it was 20 or 80 points above par.
They said that Standard Oil was to- be
duplicated in red metal, and all that
sort OF thing. Owners Of railroads and
factories, they were no cheap prophets.
The young banker telegraphed an order
to broker in New York. Just at
that tine $4,000 Of money due him was
Anal gamated went down a few points.
The broker called for his margin. The
banker, his, money in a letter coming
to him as fast as steam could carry it,
took $1,000 of the bank s funds, which
would be replaced, he thought, within
forty-eight hours. More margins next
day. More the day following. There
is no use to dwell on the story. The
| shortage amounted to 100000. A
nuuOC1 VI Iue u1TectOTS were TO Eu-
rope. One of those who were at home
fairly few to Washington. For God s
sake,' he said, give us time to save
the bank We will meet the embez-
element, and no depositor shall lose a
cent could have filed the atmos-
phere out that way with lightning and
all kinds Of trouble, but I waited. The
bank was saved, but the door of the
penitentiary closed behind it's ruined
president.
CHOW the point is this: Passing
over the fate Of the young man and
gladly admitting he was honest at the
beginning-the point is that he was 1T
in that. bank, the head and front of
everything and could loan himself
money by one process or another out.
side of the knowledge and permission
of his directors. They. were busy men
in their own affairs. That is the COM
mon moral and business infrmity of di-
lrectors in general. l 90 so far as to say
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04
HUMAN TREASURE HOUSE FOR TRAGEDIES IN MONEY
IS WILLIAM B RDGELY COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY

by the states, and are responsible alone
to the states.t The government in
Washington only controls the national
banks, Whenever the word national
appears in the name Of bank, that
bank is licensed by the United States,
is subject to the laws of the United
States, and is open to the supervision
There was time when banks hold
ing state charters issued paper money,
much Of it worthless from year to year.
How were they driven from that bust
ness9'' -. s . .s
The law of 1868, which established
national banks, laid government tax
Of 10 per cent year on the money is
sued by all other kinds Of banks. The
burden of that tax made the circula-
ton Of money impossible and speedily
accomplished the purpose in view.'
How is - national bank organ
ized9"
Eat least five reputable men must
apply to the controller of the currency
for the right to establish bank, to sell
stock, to choose name, and so on.
Their characters and their antecedents
are carefully investigated. It is not
necessary that they shall be men of
wealth, nor are they even obliged to
buy the shares Of the bank, altho it is
spicuous person in their state, a Judge,
or well-known and trustworthy mem
Der Of congress, must vouch for them.
Once a jailbird Of good address and
ability started chain Of shell banks In
the southwest as cover for his swim
ding operations. Since then we have
closely scrutinized everyone who ap-
plies to us for a charter.'
Where does the money which ma
t1onal bank issues come from, and how
IS It made secure to those who get it
in the course of business9' :"
cit is manufactured in this city, at
the bureau of engraving and printing,
and shipped to the bank for which it is
intended. Each banknote is signed by
the president and cashier, after which
it may be put in circulation as the law
full money of the nation. Behind the
money are the bonds Of the govern
ment. For instance: If. the circula-
ton of a bank is to be 100000, the
United States bonds to that amount.
The bonds are deposited in the national
treasury and cannot be withdrawn so
long as the bank continues it's money in
circulation. The currency, therefore,
of national bank is as safe as human
wisdom can make it. A bank of that
kind Of money may be stolen bodily and
earned away, safes, building and Of
ficers, but its own money, out among
the people, is as sound as the govern
Tent itself.'
INLAY national banks pay interest on
savings deposits9"
"Yes, but they rarely do so. They
are, in fact, the commercial banks Of
the country, doing business with manu-
facturers, merchants and others who are
active depositors and borrowers, who
take $4,000 to the bank one day and
check out $4,000 the next day.
"What kind of loans are national
banks permitted to make9'
"They can loan on collateral security,
which means bonds and shares Of stock,
and on commercial paper, or, more &C.
cqrately speaking, on promissory notes,
also by indorsers, If the banks demand
additional names in the way Of Sc
curity.b ~':"" = =.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

mouthful Of dismal figures, but every
American should know that the bank
ing power Of the United States, which
includes capital, circulation. deposits
and surplus, is about $15,OO0,OO0, 900,
against $l9,0o0,O0o,0O0 for all the rest
of the world.''
How many bank examiners are
there or your staff9O
Eighty, and they are on duty in all
paris OF the country, two being in
Boston, two in New York, two in Phil
adelphia, two in Chicago, and SO on
/ Who appoints themR''
my recommendation .'s +.
How are they paid?''
By fees, which range from $25 for
country bank, to $1,000, perhaps, in
the case OF large reserve bank in
city. Each bank is examined twice
Of Y{ eap,sc and is made to pay the cost
| Are the examiners skilled bank
ers9n
They ought to be, and if not they
should be expert accountants. -
How thoro are the inspections sup
posed to be7" .<..,'.. f
"The examiners are empowered to
count the cash, look at every book,
scrutinize all the commercial paper, and
see the collateral which has been left
with the banks as security for the
loans. I'm N othlng properly can be kept
the facts to me. Prompt action is then
taken in this office. Nowadays, when
l call q bank back to the law, or when
any vital matter is at issue, l require
that the answer of the bank shall be
signed by each Of the directors. The
signatures of the president, cashier, and
one or two Of the directors will not do.
My purpose in every case is to compel
an acknowledgement from all the d.
rectors that they have read my admon-
itions, and that they intend to put their
bank in order. With due modesty, 1
think that is one Of the best things
I have done duling my service in this
office.
''But while our examiners have the
right to the fullest information obtain
able concerning national banks, they
can It search the hearts of mankind nor
can they detect forged signature to a
note. Several years ago two bankers,
father and son, clasped in each other g
arms, drowned themselves in lake out
in the northwest. The father Of one
the other left legacy of concealed
| debt and dishonor. to his son when he
= died. The. son took up the burden in
silence y. and carried it for years
Finally he brought his own son into the
family shame and, trouble-he had to, ]
suppose-and the two struggled, not
without some degree Of heroism, with
the dreadful inheritance which was to
end thei1 lives. =
"After their bodies, linked together
in the embrace of love and disgrace
were found, an examination was made
into the affairs Of their bank. The
vault was filled with forged paper. The
father, having an of fee elsewhere and
twelve or fifteen kinds Of ink, had
been the criminal. I recall this case
which was rather pathetic in some of
its aspects, to show that, 50 far as
human ingenuity has gone, it affords
scant protection against forgery when
two or more officers Of small bank
have entered on conspiracy of
crine.'' z sFfr- s4
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

that no officer can rob bank unless
his directors are either his dupes or
confederates. The only way to stop
crime is to make its commission impos.
sible. Government supervision OF
banks, thru the controller Of the cur.
rency and his examiners, can detect
wrong act only after it has been done.
The directors Of banks must be the
forces Of prevention. They alone are
trusted officers. say this without
any qualification whatever.
Not long ago | got after man in
Texas. He was the bank, cottenseed
company, and cotton baling concern in
his town. The capital of his bank was
$4,000; his surplus, $4,000, and his
deposits. $150.000. He had loaned
himself, under these conditions, some
thing like 1925 900. There were direc-
taTs in the bank M Sf a aer h
receipt Of my letter. fThat money
he said, 'couldn't be safer. Why, my
dear sir, it IS in cotton, and the cotton
lis right across the street in ware
house, where | can see it every hour Of
the day. Besides, it is insured. Gov
eminent bonds couldn't possibly be
better. Nevertheless, he went home
and fixed matters. His bank was
sound and really not threatened, but
it was not doing business inside the law,
and his directors were criminally neg
ligent in their duty. 49,. -.... ...
rThere is dominant man in nearly
every bank in this country. When he
is honest and a genius no one suffers.
! Even so, he needs supervision, and hav-
! ing common sense and integrity, he does
not object to it. Sometimes the DOM
inant man is a director with many al
!. lied and hazardous interests. Again, he
may be the president with, factories or
sibly, he is the cashier who thinks he
sees a short cut to wealth thru
brokers' office. No matter what he
is, whether he has visions in dreams or
revelations by word Of mouth. be would
be, almost harmless if his directors
checked him up in person and put truth
and vigilance on his tracks. And the
| supreme court of the United States
makes the directors Of all banks re-
sponsible for the acts of their officers -
- What would increase the security
of state banks, including trust COM
panies?' ..... ..... 80
ga system of direct supervision and
examination by fearless and honest
public officials. The dread Of inspec-
/ ton is a wholesome power for good. L
fancy the examiners of national banks
accomplish more by the silent influence
of their presence than in any other
way.'
els the bank officer who expects ito
put it back any less criminal than
the man who takes it with dark
lantern and dynamit a?'
"He is the create criminal and by
all odds the more dangerous. The
police know the robbers who carry
jimmies. Unfortunately, there is no di-
rectory of the other fellows"
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04
FIGHT FOR. APPLE TRADE
canada's Poor Crop Provides Americas
Opportunity.
Special Cable to The Journal.

CanaoaS Poor crop FFostueS HHSi'Sa
Opportunity.
Special Cable to The Journal.
London, Nov. 3-The Canadian apple
crop this season will yield not more than
500, 900 barrels, or 700,O 900 less than last
years and it is made known on the
Liverpool fruit import market that
American exporters will take advantage
of the shortage to attempt to capture the
English market.
The American supply, on the other
hand, has increased from 100000 to
1000, 900 barrels, the crop in the western
states and New York being the greatest
ever known. Hitherto the apples from
these states have been almost exclusively
kept to American cities, but the enor-
nous increase in the supply will enable
growers to export large quantities. AL
ready shipping contracts for 100000 bar
rels have been signed.
The reports on the Canadian apple
supply and those on Canadian corn and
canned foods are satisfactorily different.
The corn will this year yield 80, 600, 900
bushels, or 100000 more than last year,
while II, OO0 900 salmon have been caught
in Canada, and there Is a rising demand
for canned and cured goods from that
country.
The Chicago meat exports up to July
have fallen, on the other hand, to
4,S00,000 pounds, more than 1900, 900
pounds less than for the same period last
year. "
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04
TO HIT THE CORPORATIONS.

Pierre, S. D., Nov. 3.-State Secre
tary Wipf has issued the eighth bien
NAL report of the department of the
secretary Of state, and in the letter OF
transmittal accompanying the same he
calls attention to the matter of fees to
the department, recommending a radi
cal advance in filing fees for corpora.
lions and changes in the laws for such
filings. ss-.-
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

sands Of years the famous CLEANSING
skull" Of Kansas, which has been es-
timated by scientists to be at least
100000 years old, the "Gilder's Ne
braska skull'': has startled the scien-
tiic men of the country, and they are
focl1ing to the home Of Robert F.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04
SHE KNEW THEM.

chicago NEWS.
Hemingway-But you had all the eggs you
wanted of course?
Mrs Heminway (back from the summer
boarding house)-No, the farmer sold most OF
his eggs in town.
Hemingway-But you got those he didn't
sell? ...:-
Mrs. Hemingway-Yes, but think they were
the ones he couldn't SELL
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

Glider in Omaha, where the skull and
several other bones Of this man who
lived before the glacial period covered
North America with vast sheet of ice.
PRO Professor Henry Fairfield h 4 Osborn Of
vicepresident Of the American Museum
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

The pure food law is just what we
want. It proves that Hunts Perfect
Baking Powder is pure, just as we told
VOL
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

Election returns under the auspices
Of The Journal, Auditorium Tuesday
evening: - ~ ,'
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

a s1' @ n m n z @
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-11-04

AND AMUSING YOkEGs oF
The news-democrat. (Providence, R.I.) 1906-1909, 1906-09-10
POPE Plus X.
RECEIVES 500
FRENCH ATHLETES

Rome, Sept l0-Pope PiuX yesterday
morning received COO French gymnasts,
who are here To give an exhibition. 1helr
president read an address OF loyalty 10
the Pope. who is replying encouraged the
gymnasts 10 continue In athletics, which
he said, straightened not only the body.
strength and courage said His Holi-
ness, ARE necessary TO maintain falth
when many are losing IL, 10 remain at
tached TO the church when many aban-
don her 20 practice the Word of God
when many Danish H."
lie urged them 10 wollow the words OF
the heroic Metatia, who said, Even IL all
the cowardly submit 10 error, |, my
brothers, will obey the religion OF our
fathers" This passage was commented
upon as probably emphasizing the atti-
tude OF the Pope toward the French gov
ernment.
on leaving the vatican the gymnasts
met and greeted Father WernZ, the new
geieral OF the Society OF Jesus.
Yesterday afternoon the gymnasts gave
an exhibition In the court OF St Damaso
in the presence Of Pope Plus. the papal
court and many guests, including Rev
Thomas j. ], Hanselmann the Rev. VIII
liam O'Brien Pardow OF New York.
FIR Wernz, accompanied by FIR. Freddi
vicar general of the order. and FIR. Alfred
Maertens, went TO the vatican just before
the gymnasts arrived for an audience
with the pope. The party were received
by Mgr. Bisleti. major domo OF the vati-
can. who conducted them 10 the papel
apartment
His Holiness met them at the door. FIR.
Wernz and the prelates knelt, but Pope
Plus would not allow Fr. Wernz 10 kiss
his foot. Instead he raised the new gem
eral, embraced and kissed him and kept
him for a long time In conversation. dur
ing which he congratulated him on his
election and made inquiries about the
work OF the congregation.
Fr. Wernz was greatly touched by tho
reception. Going To and leaving the apart
ments Of the Pope Swiss guards rendered
military honors 10 FIR. Wernz and his
party.
The news-democrat. (Providence, R.I.) 1906-1909, 1906-09-10
CHARITY IS NOT
FORGOTTEN BY
NEWPORTERS

While by far the greater part of the
voted themselves TO the hot pursuit OF
pleasure. there are quite goodly number
who have found time 10 devote to their
less fortunate brothers and sisters. help
ing in various ways to make for them Of
this world a more comfortable and hab-
table planet.
Mrs. Hamilton Fish Webster has been
an incessant worker IN the good cause Of
properly housing the soldiers and sailors
of Uncle Sam. She started the season by
giving benefit TO secure money to build
additional and larger quarters for this
shore home. In this she was assisted by
Mrs. Edward ]. Berwind, Mrs. Joseph Z.
Widener, Mrs. Charles NJ. Oelrichs, Mrs.
John Nicholas Brown. Mrs. Alfred G..
Vanderbilt and Mrs. Glen Collins.
The little ones at st. Marys orphanage.
IL was noticed. were nudded together in
close quarters, and the big benefit at
Sandy Point farm, at which $500 was re-
allied, will be utilized in building addi-
tional quarters for the little ones. The
women who engineered this mammoth
charity were Mrs. William r. Hunter,
Mrs. Reginald c. Vanderbilt. Mrs. Alfred
G.. Vanderbilt, Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish. Mrs.
Harold Brown, Mrs Austin Flint and the
Misses Irene and Mildred Sherman Regi-
maid Vanderbilt, at whose place the bene-
III fair was given. devoted his entire time
I'm running errands. making change for
women and being generally useful
Professor Alexander Agassiz let's his
charity run along educational lines. 1t
fr,T.s fa ftAf ND
generosity that the Coles Scientific school
OF Newport was equipped. Every now
and then his interest In the public
schools is manifested in a subs tantial
way.
The Alfred Vanderbilts like the Reg
gies love children. Last month. in mem
ory OF their wedding anniversary, they
gave 800 children an outing and Wednes-
day the shaw Safes gave a dinner at
Easton's beach To 500 children.
Mai Theodore X. Gibbs is another
whose giving propensity runs TO the little
folks. Outings for the school children
and bestowing scholarships are the ma
jor's long suit. for which he Is amply
rewarded by much love from the future
voters and housewives OF Newport.
Mrs F. w Vanderbilt in whatsoever
part of the globe she may be, maintains
her interest in her Newport charities.
The sick and poor are Mrs. StuyVesant
lie Roy's especial charge. Like Mrs.
Vanderbilt she keeps the extent OF her
charities TO herself. Mrs. Vanderbilt S
ambition is TO conduct the gigantic char
tiles of her husband, the late Cornelius
Vanderbilt. along the lines he indicated.
Further than that no one knows about
It, other than the beneficiary.
Though many miles from Newport.
Mrs Vanderbilt on learning that the
Newport Artillery company had been par
TALLY burned out of their armory and had
lost a large amount Of uniforms and
equipments. cabled $1,000 for the fund to
rebuild the armory and secure new equip
ments. Three years ago Mrs. Vanderbilt
built magnificent ward at the Newport
hospital In memory OF her husband.
The news-democrat. (Providence, R.I.) 1906-1909, 1906-09-10
WARREN
Work Of Excavation for New
Mil Progressing and Con-
StruCtiOn Will Soon Begin

The eXcavating work for the construc-
tion OF the new mill OF the Warren Manu-
featuring company is going on, and a
large section of land has been filled in
on the edge Of the Warren river. A large
gang OF laborers are engaged and as soon
as the foundations are built the work OF
construction will be rushed forward 10
completion. II Is the intention OF the
contractors 10 have the building rooted I'm
by the earlier part Of December New
machinery OF the latest improved type
will be installed in the structure, and Il
is estimated that the entire work will re-
quire an expenditure OF 100000
The macadamizing on South Main street
Is -weifBHder =way,-HHd= crushed stone has
been applied for several hundred feet.
The work has been commenced at the
Bristol line and the Suburban company
will change their rails I'm the next few
weeks. The car tracks will turn off at
the South Main street crossing. under the
new arrangement
Political matters are interesting the
voters again. A large number OF new vot-
ers were enrolled the past year. and the
party leaders are anxious 90 secure this
vote The Frehch citizens are already
preparing 20 hold n rally I'm Bosworth's
hall and prominent speakers will be
present. II is generally known I'm Warren
that n the French vote goes solid IL will
turn an election result, but n Il is split
up the result will be hard 10 foretell