The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-12-13

and his factories to meet the needs OF far
distant consumers, the merchant has his
customers in many States; all-the farmer,
the manufacturer. the merchant. the laborer--
look for the supplies of their food and clothing
not to the resources Of the home farm or
village or town. but to the resources OF the
whole continent.
The people move in great throngs to and
fro from State to State and across States;
the important news OF each community Is
read at every breakfast table throughout
the country; the interchange OF thought and
sentiment and information Is universal. In
the vide range Of daily life and activity and
interest the old lines between the States
and the old barriers which kept the states
as separate communities are completely lost
from sight. The growth of national habits In
the daily life of a homogeneous people keeps
pace with the growth Of national sentiment.
POLITICAL CHAN0E CAME TOO.
Mr.. Root said that corresponding po-
litical changes had come. He went on:
It is plainly to be seen that the people of
the country are coming to the conclusion that
in certain important respects the local laws
OF the separate States. which were adequate
for the due and just regulation and control
OF the business which was transacted and
the activity which began and ended within
the limits Of the several States. are inadequate
for the due and just control OF the business
and activities which extend throughout all
the States, and that power Of regulation and
control is gradually passing into the hands OF
the national Government.
Sometimes by an assertion Of the inter-
state power. sometimes by an as
sertion Of the taxing power. the national Gov
eminent Ia taking up the performance OF duties
which under the changed conditions the sep
arate States are no longer capable OF ade-
quately performing. The Federal anti-trust
-D---L - H..
the meat inspection law. the oleomarRarine
law. the pure food law, are examples OF the
purpose OF the people OF the United States
to do through the agency Of the national Gov
eminent the things which the separate State
governments formerly did adequately. but 10
longer do adequately.
The end Ia not yet. The process that
int er weaves the life and action Of the people
in every sect ION Of our country with the
people in every other sect 10 n continues
and will continue with increasing force and
Effect; we are urging forward in a develop
ment OF business and social life which tends
| more and more to the oblit GRAFTON OF state
lines and the decrease OF State power as
compared with national power: the relations
OF the business over which the Federal Gov
| ernm ent Ia assuming control. OF int erstate
transport at ion with state transport at ion.
Of int erstate with stat e commences;
are so intimate. and the separation Of the
two il so imprac ticable that the tendency
is plainly toward the practical control OF
the national Government over both. New
projects OF national cont rol are moote ed (;
| control Of insurance. uniform divorce laws.
child labor laws and many others affecting
matt ers formerly entirely within the coehi-
zanCe Of the st at are proposed.
STATES MUST REALIZE THEIR DUTIES.
submit to your jud and I desire
TO press upon you with all the earnestness
I possess that there is but one way in which
the Stat s Of the Union can msint ain their
power and authority under the conditions
which are now before us. and that way Is by
an awakening on the part Of the states to
a realization OF their own duties to the ccun-
try at large.
Under the conditions which now exist no
81 tate can live unto itself alone and regulate
its affairs with sole reference to It's own treas
ury, its own convenience. it's own special
int erests. Every st ate is bound to frame il
legislation and it's administ ration with refer
ence not only to It's own special Affairs. but
with reference to the effect upon all its siste
81 at es. Every individual il bound to regu-
late his conduct with some reference to is
effect upon his neighbors. and the more popu-
lous the community and the closer individuals
are brought together. the more imperative
becomes the nee essity which constrains and
limits individual conduct.
WHEREIN STATES ARE AT FAULT.
II any State is maint aiming laws which
AFFORD opport unity and authority for prac'
tices condemned by the public sense OF thu
whole country. or laws which. through thu
operation OF our modern system of com
munication and business are injurious 4
the int erests Of the whole country. that Stat
il violating the Condit ions upon which alon,
can its power be preserved.
II any 81 tate maintains laws which promOt
and foster the normous overcaplt ~alizatiOl
of corporations condemned BY the people o
the country generally. If any state maintain
laws designed TO make easy the formation o
trusts and the creation Of ~monopolies, II an
state maintains laws which permit condition
Of child laboI revolving to the sense Of man
kind, II any stat e maint aims laws OF marrias
and divorce so far inconsiste nt with the gen
eral n andard Of the nation as to vtolentl
deranRe the domestic relations which tn
majority Of the Stat - desire to preserve
that ~ att Is promoting the tendency Of IN
people Of the country to seek relief throug
the national Government and to press foi
ward the movement for national control an
the extinction Of local control.
The Intervention Of the national Cover