davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Montana plaindealer. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1906-1911, 1906-06-22
Church and Society Directory.

ST. James African Methodist Episcopa
church, located at Co. 9Th Ave. and Hoback
street, Rev. Jordan Allen, Pastor. Services
Sunday at II a. m. and 7-3o P. m. Sunday
School, 2 p. m A. Marshall, Supt., Carrie
Dorsey, Choristsr, Florence Anderson, Sec'y.
Prayer Meeting Wednesday Evening. Class
meeting, Friday evenings.
R. J. Fletcher Lodge No. IoI, A. F. and \,
NJ, meets the first and third wednesday even
ings Of each month in the Lucas Block. R.
I. Ford, ". NJ; Jas. Cump, S. w; w, H.
Rivers, J. w. Geo. Alexander, Sec'y; W. R
Dorsey, Treas.
Byrd Lodge No. II, A. +. and A. NJ, meets
the first and third Monday evening Of each
month a, II IL s. Main St. H. l. Baker
W. NJ; G. NJ. Lee, S. W; J. Harris, J. W.;
Chas. Ecton, Sec'yi W. c. Rose, Treas.
Bethsheba Lodge, o. E. 8, meets the end
and 4th Thursday evenings Of each month
in their hall in the Lucas block. Mrs. Chas
Johnson, w Nj Mrs. N. Ford, A. NJ; Al
bert Napier, w. P; Mrs NJ. Simmons, Treas
Mrs. c. c. Matthews, Sect; Mrs. los. Clark.
Con; Mrs. J. Harrison, A. B.; NJ. o. l.. Ar
nett, w; Chas. Johnson, S; Mrs. L. Napier
a; Mrs. Jas. Crump, R.; Mrs. NJ. A. Cole,
Esther Mrs. E. Dorsey, NJ; Mrs. George
Alexander, Eleeta.
Golden City Lodge No. Sass, 6. L. of o
F., meets the first and third Tuesday evenings
of ecch month. R. Brown, y. G.; 7. NJ
Reed, V. c.; J. Howard, P. n. G.: n. Ford.
r. s., ". Parker, [. S, ". Cotles, Treas.
w. Crump, n. F.; Albert Marshall. Chan.
lain; w. Mason, Wardom; ]. Ingram, l. G.:
J. Tolbert, p. n. F.
Household Of Ruth, No. S42. meets the
and and 4th Tuesday evening of each
month. Mrs. Matte Simmons. P. NJ. \. e
Mrs. n. Mitchell, NJ. y. G.: Mrs. S. Ford
K. n. G.; Mrs. E. Johnson. y. G.; Mrs. G.
Irwin, W. K.
Pude Of Montana Lodge, No. 4, X. Of P
meets the End and 4th Monday evenings oil
each month at G. a. r. hall. l. ". Crump.
c; IL. Robinson, '. c; 5. smith. N. oil
F. W. Cottles, NJ. Of E.; J. H. Howard. X.
r. and $; d. Gordau, NJ. at A.; Geo.
Harrison, o. G.; w. c. Irwin, /. G.; A. Nap.
per, Prelate.
The Montana plaindealer. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1906-1911, 1906-06-22
Cloak and Suit Sections.

$40 Dress Skirts, s4.95-Walking and
dress skirts made IN circular and full
pleated effects, serge and Panama, colors
and black s4.95
SI2so Shirt Waist Suits, S, Shirt
Waist Suits Of serge melrose and mohalr,
colors green, blue and black, suit S
s. Childrsn's Dresses, sI.75, Chill
dren's Dresses Of fine fancy lawn, short
sleeves and low neck, pink and ! ght blue
for SI,75
The Montana plaindealer. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1906-1911, 1906-06-22
The METROPOLIS

block. Mr.. Fenter has charge of
this large building. He is a native
of Arkansas; later lived in Colorado
and has been a resident of Butte
since 80. himself and wife are the
souls Of hospitality and do not hes
itate to encourage thrift and enter
prise by members of the race.
Mr.. Lee Phillips.
Large Of stature and of heart is
our good natured friend Mr.. Lee
Phillips, one of Butte's best known
colored citizens. His efforts in be-
half of this publication shall ever
De gratefully remembered; he has
The Montana plaindealer. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1906-1911, 1906-06-22

sI.75 Chileren's Dresses, %. Chill.
dren's in mohair and ginghhams, coIo,,
pink, light blue, tan and white o,,
$40 Suits, s.. Long coat suits and
blouse effects in serge and mohair. color,
blue, green, ar and black, suit ssoo
$500 Lawn kimonas, SI9s. Lawn
kimonas and Wrapper styles, fancy lawn
extra long ana good s'yie' SI.95
The Montana plaindealer. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1906-1911, 1906-06-22
UnderWea ar and

zoe quality Women's Fine Black Get
o Hose. warranted fast color, sPliced
heels and toes, special per pair I2Ec
SIC grade Women's Union Suies, cot
ton or Isle. low neck, Sleeveless, knee
length. umbrella OF tight fitting, choice
for 65c
zoe grade Children's Good Ribbed cot
ton Hose, expansion knee, all sizes,
double heels and toes, special, pair Ioc
The Montana plaindealer. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1906-1911, 1906-06-22
The New York
Dry Goods eompany,
Helena, MOOtaOa.
~ Section.

65c and 75c grade Wumen's v.,,.
low neck, sleeveless, had crocheted Vol.
silk or Isle ribbed, choice for
$50 quality Women's Hose, lace hoo,
effect, colors tan, white and black ~s,Iio.,
heels and toes, special per pair, o..
25c grade Misses or Childrep,s Fi,.
Ribbed Hose, spliced heels, toes .,i
soles, sizes 81 to 9, special, pair re
The Montana plaindealer. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1906-1911, 1906-06-22

Lr Rel II Butte visited Helena
OH Fellows during The week
Little Ar. Dutr=l. was one Of the
out Of town visitors this week from
Belt.
Tie sewing circle met n tla resi-
d4ace IF MIS- u. Ks Oh Broadway
thursday.
Mrs. H. Walton and daughter of
Crea. Falls have moved 70 this city
10 make il their home.
Mrs. George Lee returned 10 the
city last Tuesday after a week
visit with friends in Butte.
The Black EagI4 band created a
great deal q Favorable comment
during the visit Of the Eagles this
week.
Pleas notify this office when you
chnge your address; OF II your
paper does not reach you regularly
each week.
NJ. Chas. johnson has resigned
his position as j%anitor at the Granite
block and is now engineer in the
Electric building.
Mrs. Chas. II. Owens left the
city Tuesday morning for a visit
with her sister, Mrs. Julia King. at
White Sulphur Springs.
Harry Simmons and his force at
the Grandon are equal to the emer-
gency Of handling the large crowd
at that popular hostelry.
Lloyd's Shoe Shining Parlor was
a center Of interest during the past
week and all the boys were looking
very swell in their new uniforms.
If you are a a c man, and have
the pride that goes with IL, subscribe
for THE P~LAINDEALER and keep
posted on the doings Of the race.
Mrs. Adams, formerly a compos-
itor in this Office, has recovered
from her long seige Of illness and
we arr glad to see her out again.
The annual sermon Of the Mason {
ic orders and Eastern Star will BE-
preached by the Rev. Jordan Allen ,
St James church Sunday evening ;
At s o'clock. a
Mrs. Geo. Willis is our Bntte cor ;.
espondent and parties living in |.
may report all news for publ v
alton to her. She is also author a
zed to receipt for subscriptions. P
J. B. Bass, editor.
Mr., Harry Johnson in his feats +"
# strength who has been playing P
It the park and around the resorts
he past week, is certainly a won =
Ter and he could make good with a
how OF colossal proportions. al
Mrs. Virgil Brooks the sister ofIH
irs. Ed Johnson passed through "
he city Tuesday enroute to Grand !
JUNCTION, Col, to the bedside Of her
on who was recently kicked by a f,
-icious horse. a
yd's Tonsorial Parlors has pro !.
ured the services Of NJ. Z. Bradley
Who is we'll known in this city as a u
workman and he no doubt v
gill receive a large patronage. Fl
Frank English is in the city direct y
California, He is seeking a 10 81
and is an intelligent gentle b
nan whom we hope will find Helena
D his liking and become one Of MS. !
Little Brownie Burke was the
'hole thing in the great throng of
who hocked TO this city dur
lg the week; his demeanor and ca. |
age Notwithstanding his diminu-
We form, captivated everybody and
e was cynosure Of all eyes.
True to his promis, our good Il
Jerry Mullins the alderman l..
ON the 9th ward in Butte. with a .,
unchf Butte Eagles called at thisI !.
lice Wednesday and the editor re-
~
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
AN OLD RUBBER TIRE
FORM SUBJECT FOR A FINE
SERMON.
Delivered by the Rev. Conrad Huber
At st. Paul's Lutheran Church
Last Night.

The Rev. Conrad Huber addressed
the congregation of the st. Paul s
Lutheran church last evening OH the
subject of lessons to be Learned
from an old Rubber-Tire. " The idea
Of drawing a sermon from a rubber
tire is an entirely novel one, but
occurred to the Rev. Mr.. Huber last
summer when he was having his
wagon tire repaired,
1t appears that the two ends of
the broken tire would not weld to-
gether and after repeated efforts on
the part of the workmen, the Rev.
Mr.. Huber, who was standing near,
asked what was the matter. He was
told that on account of there being
some foreign substance adhering to
one end of the tire, the rubber would
not act properly under the heat of
the welding irons.
From this lesson, learned in the
carriage-maker's shop the Rev. Mr..
Huber derived his text, which was.
\" Foreign Substance is what keeps
rs from being united with Jesus
Christ. - -Four points were then
drawn which showed what is meant
by foreign substance. These points
are, first, evil companions; second
bad literature; third, sinful amuse-
ments: and fourth, worldly-minded-
ness. These four things are the for
eign substance which prevents the
welding of our souls to Jesus Christ
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
joint INSTITUTE
Held Saturday by Webster, Greene,
Perry and Clay Schools.

The teachers in the Webster,
Greene, Percy and Clay township
schools held a joint session Satur-
day afternoon at the office of the
county superintendent in the Court
House. The matter was very in
teresting one and well attended.
Mr.. Ramsey spoke on the "New
Harmony Movement" A. L. Bald
win spoke on "The Method of Re-
citation" and Miss Chloe Wilson
had a paper on "The State Superin-
tendent's Report" and Miss arTown
tendent's Report. - The committee
in charge Of arranging for the coun-
ty institute which will be held in
February did not complete the pro-
gram Saturday but it will be an
nounced the first of this week.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
EXPECT A VISIT
FROM INSPECTOR
LOCAL JoBBERs AND RETAIL
>ERs MEETING PURE FOOD
REQUIREMENTS.
NATIONAL LAW IS DESIRED
AS Hardly Any States Have Same
Kind of Law-Embarrassing
to Jobbers.
NATIONAL LAW is DESIRED

The local wholesale and retail
grocers are daily expecting a visit
from state pure food inspector.
Some are prepared and others un-
prepared for the visit. The new
law is causing. some embarrassment
to the iobbers not only in Richmond
but all over this section of the state
and Western Ohio. As it is now
Ohio and Indiana both have pure
food laws and the jobbers in this
city have to handle, in great many
cases, two varieties of each kind OF
goods as the requirements of the
Ohio and Indiana laws are as a rule
unalike in any instance.
The articles that are under the
closest scrutiny of the pure food in
spectors are syrups, vinegar, spices,
baking powder and extrtcas. For
years past Indiana has been dump
ing ground for impure articles and
the local jobbers and retailers have
been forced to handle them. Now
that there is a pure food law in this
state the manufacturing concerns
that handle these articles are rap
idly taking them in and substituting
pure goods. AT the present time the
local impure articles are repidly be-
ing unloaded. The TT. Wayne job
bers are having their hands full now
as they sell goods in Michigan, Ohio
and Indiana, each state having a diff
ferent pure food law. 1t is for this
reason that the iobbers all over the
country favor a national pure FOOD
law.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
GAVE GIRLS WHISkEY
AND ALONZo FISHER AND To-
NEY WASHINGTON REAP
WHIRLWIND.
The Latter's Wife Hears of His
Trouble But Refuses to Pay
His Fine.

Alonzo Fisher and Toney Wash
ington were tried Saturday after
noon in police court for giving liquor
to minors, Elizabeth Williams and
Bertha Robbins.
Last Thursday night the girls met
Fisher and Washington on South
Sixth street and the two couples
walked south to the Cutter saloon
where the two men each purchased
a half pint Of whiskey which sue
ceeded in putting the two females
very much to the bad. So intoxicated
was Bertha Robbins that her par
ents complained to the police The
Robbins girl was brought before
Prosecutor Jessup and confessed to
everything, duplicating her three
companions.
Both men put up clever defense,
after pleading not guilty, but the
court doubted their story. The two
men are married. Prosecutor Jes-
sup told the Williams and Robbins
girls that they had been in trouble
with the police on other occasions
and that the next time they were
caught drinking with men he would
send them to Jail for prostitution
After the trial Alonzo Fishers wife
asked what the total amount of her
husbands fine amounted to and on
being informed she stated that she
intended to let him lay it out in the
county Jail.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
JUDGE NEWMAN ON BENCH

The hearing of the petition Of the
of the voters Of the town OF
Greensboro, to be incorporated, was
begun Saturday before special Judge
Newman. This case was first brought
up before the county commissioners
some weeks ago and the commissions
ers ordered that an election be held.
This election resulted in about two
thirds of the voters voting in favor
Of Incorporation. The principal OPP
ponent to the plan of Incorporation
is the Pennsylvania railroad, whose
taxes would be considerably in
creased by such an action. =
Tn his argument for the incorpora-
ton Of Greensboro, Attorney Thorn
as r. Jessup stated that the initial
step for Incorporating a town was a
survey and the drawing up of an ac-
eurate map of the survey. Mr.. Jes-
sup said that this had been done and
produced a map to support his argu-
ment. He stated that the second
step must be the taking of a census
at least thirty days before the pre-
sentation of the application to the
county commissioners. He gave evil
dence to show that this course had
been taken.
The third step, according to law,
Mr. .Jessup said was the printing of a
notice, announcing the proposed ac-
ton, in local paper or the posting
of three notices within the limits of
the town. He stated that this had
been done at Greensboro.
The fourth step to be taken, Mr..
Jessup continued, was that the petit
ton for incorporation be signed by
more than one-third of the inhabit-
ants of the town and presented be-
fore the county commissioners. He
showed that this had been done and
that the commissioners ordered an
election, which was held and resulted
in more than two-thirds of the voters
of Greensboro expressing their desire
to have the town incorporated.
The contention of the opposition
to the incorporation will be that the
petition to the county commissioners
was not signed by the petitioners and
that some of the territory now propos-
ed to be Incorporated into the town
of Greensboro was not included in the
original survey of the town and is
not shown in the plat of the town.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
OFFICERS ELECTED.

Mrs. Harry Weist has been APP
pointed Regent of the local chapter
Of the Daughters of the American
Revolution by the National Board.
The officers have been chosen by the
chapter and are as follows: Vice Re-
gent, Mrs. r. L. Kelly; Secretary,
Miss Grace ROBBIE; Treasurer, Mrs.
Jesse Reeves; Registrar, Mrs. Var
rington Barnes.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
SOCIAL EVENTS

The Ladies' Auxiliary to the Broth
erhood Of Railroad Trainmen, will en-
terrain the families and number OF
friends Of the brotherhood at pro-
gr@ssive cards February 9TH, in the
Red Mems hall. The event will mark
the third anniversary of the found
ing Of the order.
X X x
The Friday Evening Social club
met with Mr.. and Mrs. McCreight on
North Eighteenth street, last week.
Prof. and Mrs. Wissler and Miss HUI
da Henley were guests of the club.
Progressive finch was played. An
oyster lunch was served.
X X X
Ladies' Aid society Of the United
Presbyterian church will hold a
meeting Monday afternoon at Mrs.
Geo. Balls, North Sixth street.
X X x
The st. Agnes Society Of st. An
drew's church met yesterday after
noon and elected officers for the enc
suing year as follows President,
Helen Waterman; Secretary, Mar
garet Englebert; Treasurer, Tracey
Stole, Rev. Father Roell addressed
the meeting on the subject of their
patron saint, Saint Agnes.
X xx
Rev. Father Roell will deliver
lecture to the members of the Con
zaga Club and their friends on the
subject "Leaves from Travellers
notebook" on next Wednesday
evening at st. Andrews building.
%%%
The ladies of st. Paul's Guild will
give a supper at st. Paul's Episco-
pal church ON next Friday evening.
X X X
Owing to the death of Matthew
Dill the Ticknor Club viii not meet.
today. Annoupcement of the meeting
will be made later.
There will be card party at the
Country Club today at $50 o'clock
for players of bridge whist.
Xxx
The Ladies' Aid Society of the
United Presbyterian church will
meet this afternoon with Mrs. Geo.
Ball, North Sixth street.
@xx
The Mary F. Thomas chapter w.
q 1. .. will hold its regular month
ly business meeting at the home of
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
STILL QUIET IN
POLITICAL FIELD.
NO NEW ANNOUNCEMENTS
WERE MADE DURING THE
PAST WEEK.
LISTS TO CLOSE SATURDAY
All Candidates Must Have Names In
By That Time-Drawing of
Places.

Beyond the fact that the political
"dopesters are now better able to
pick the winners in the various races
for county Office, nothing new has de-
vlopeed in the political situation
within the past week. There have
been no more announcements and ac-
cording to the opinions of those in
authority there will be no more
changes during the remainder of the
campaign.
The election will be held two
weeks from today, and all candidates
must make their announcements be-
fore Saturday OF this week, when the
political assessments will be made
to cover the cost of the primary
Places on the ticket will be drawn
for. With the exception of last Sat
urday there has been little that
would indicate that Republican
primary was on in this county.
A few cards, especially those on
which were the, names of candidates
for Coroner or Sheriff, were in evil
dence Saturday, but no stiff cam
paigns are being made, and very lit
tie money is being spent in order to
pave the way to office, as compared
with other elections.
| Unless there Is another candidate
to enter the field for Prosecuting
Attorney this Office will remain will
| Wilfred Jessup. Paul Comstock' Is
name has been mentioned from time
to time and it is known that his
| friends are anxious to have hin
make the race, but he has not yet
stated that he has any intentions OF
becoming a candidate.
Some of the candidates are al
ready looking forward to see if they
| can determine what kind of opposi
ton the Democratic or an impromptl
Independent party will be able t
place in the field next fall.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
PRIZE FOR A NAME.

The Richmond Baking Company
offers prize of So to the one sug-
costing the best name for the new
loaf of bread which they have placed
upon the market. The contest is
now open to all and will close Mon
day night. Names must be sent to
the Richmond Baking Company, and
may be written on either letter of
post card. Three disinterested
judges will pass on the names sug-
gested.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22

Mrs. Martha Little, % North Ele-
venth streetc this afternoon at 2t30
b clock.
The Rev. and Mrs. Quincy Bin
ford gave most interesting adj
dress at the First Presbyterian
church last night. The address was
given under the auspices of the Mis-
sionary Society and it was regarding
their life as missionaries in Japan.
Mrs. Binford was dressed In native
japanese apparel.
The next meeting of the Tourist
Club will be with DIR. and Mrs. c. S.
Bond North Tenth street, on Friday
February 2.
Several of Miss Laura CASTOR S
pupils will make their first appear
ance in public at series of recitals
she will give them in the near flu
ture.
x x X
The Magazine Club will meet this
afternoon with Mrs. j. M. Knodle in
the Wayne Flats.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
DEATHS AND FUNERALS

The funeral of Sarah Welch, tooss
place from st. Mary's church Friday
morning at 8 o'clock, and burial was
at st. Mary's cemetery. The pail
bearers We're Dan Miller, John Me-
Guire, John Mckhann, John Bran
nan, John Hoar and Richard Mar
key.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
TO GIVE BEAN SUPPER.

The W. r. G. will give bean sup
per Saturday evening, Jan. 27, in the
Grand Army Hail.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
CITY STATISTICS.
Births.

Francis Sharkett and wife, girl,
first child.
Lewis E. Wentz and wife, 229
North Seventeenth street, boy, fifth
child.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
WAS BROUGHT HERE.

Glen Waltres was brought to the
.,l Memorial Hospital yesterday
Straughns Station, in order to
, an operation.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22

Popular Lecture Course, Jane Adj
dams, Tuesday night, January %.
Plat at Ross Drug Store.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
. . . o . . . . . . . = . =

= The Palladium wants the =
. news. 1t will pay one dollar, .
= ($1.) for the best piece Of LO- =
. CAL news brought, sent or tel =
. ephoned EXCLUSIVELY to =
= this paper before February l. =
. q q q q q q = q a q q q = = =
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22
LOCAL BREv|T|ES
Harvard Dentists, 9th and Main tt

Harvard Dentists, Sth ana MALI VI
Mr.. John Sullivan of Columbus,
O., was the guest of local friends
yesterday.
Mrs., Austin's famous Pancake
-four, made from the three great
stats of life: wheat, corn and rice.
Ed Cavanaugh will leave tomor-
row on few days visit to friends In
Danville and Cairo, Ill.
To have delicious, brown cakes for
breakfast, mix cold water with Mrs.
Austin's Pancake -four. All grocers
sell it.
CASH BEALL, KIBBEY & CO.,
LoEHR & KLUTE, WIDUP &
THOMPSON AND THE BIG
STORE HANDLE THE RICH
MOND HAT.
The local camp of Woodmen have
received uniforms and equipments
for full company Of Forresters.
The team will at once begin drilling
on display movements as well as
floor work connected with adoption.
II is the aim to have the company
ready to participate in district and
state encampments this year.
Charters shorthand cheapest,
easiest, shortest. Business College,
day and night classes. lo-tf
Mrs. Will Stanton, of Chicago,
formerly Of this city, is here visit
ing friends and relatives.
Emmons' Tailoring Co., makes fine
suits at $15 and SIS. LOOT
Uncle Geek and Aunt Liza, Judge
Fox's new book at Elwood Morris
book store. 2O-3t.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22

Special tickets must be purchased
before boarding train.
No baggage carried. Trunks, etc.,
may be sent on trains preceding or fol-
lowing.
Direct connection at Dayton with
"Lima Limited trains for Troy,
p;qua and Lima, and with "Colum-
BUS Limited" far Springfield and CO.
lumbus.
Through rates, through tickets to
all points. For further information
call Home Phone 900.
C. o. BAKER, Agent.
Richmond, Ind.
Z. FL. MORRILL,, JR., g. P. A., Day
! ton. Oh1.
Richmond daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1905-1906, 1906-01-22

= = . = - = - = = = = = . =
= The Palladium wants the =
= news. 1t will pay one dollar, =
= ($1.) for the best piece Of LO- =
= CAL news brought, sent or tel =
= ephoned EXCLUSIVELY to =
= this paper before February /. =
= - = y = = = = = - = . = = = =