davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1906-07-14
COCHRAN
TO WE'D MISS IDE
Engagement Is Announced
in CabIegram From the
Philippines.
ANOTHER TAFTTRIP ROMANCE
Bride-t to-Be Is Daughter of the Gov
ernOr General Of the
Islands.

A dispatch from Manila today un-
officially announces the engagement or
Miss Annie Ide. daughter OF Governor
General Ide, and Representative Bourke
Cochran, OF New York. The message
further states that It is probable the
marriage will take place during the
coming winter in Washington.
This is the fourth romance resulting
from Secretary Taft's famous trip to
the Orient last summer and until all
the eligible men and women who ac-
companied the Secretary's party are
married the interesting announcements
may be looked for. While II IS not
known whether Miss Ide and the noted
New York statesman ftrst met when
the party visited Manila, Il Is certain
that their romance began at that time.
Miss Ida 81 REGARDED as a very beau
tlful and charming young woman, ana
is exceedingly popular in social circles
in Manila She has received much at
tention from members OF army. navy
and official circles in the Philippines,
and the announcement of her engage
ment IS signaly interesting.
The Washington times., 1906-07-14
Boarders Fled.

There were ten boarders there and they
1ed-soue climbing out through the
windows. The brothers upstairs came
down and Pardovitch attacked them.
one turned out the lights and locked
the door and the deadly battle with
knives was on. Il lasted fifteen min
utes.
what matters Z. au?" Mike Bergitz
said to the corCner today. Big Mike
was the ighting man. Had he not been
killed last week It would have been this
week or next"
The Washington times., 1906-07-14
Austrian Giant Killed.

When the gas was relighted Mike Par
dovitch was gone. They found the body
outside. He had staggered through the
door and fallen dead with a knife
wound through his heart.
The story OF the killing was told to-
day at the coroner's inquest. One OF
the brothers. Mike Bergitz, is held on a
charge OF murder. Steve had fed
Big Mike Padrovitch was TN fighting
man Of the Austrian colony I'm Newburg.
His arms were long and his smile care
less. He ruled by the might OF his big
hard fists. And all in that district knew
Of the knife and the big revolver he al
ways carried. The feud between the
Bergitz brothers and Pardovitch had
been of long standing. Pardovitch. the
giant, entered their house and an
nounced TO their sister that he had come
TO Kill all OF them.
The Washington times., 1906-07-14

Mr. and Mrs. Moses Taylor are guests
OF Mr. and Mrs. Henry A c. Taylor
IN Newport.
The Washington times., 1906-07-14

Miss Mary Scott and Miss Alice Scott.
who have been visiting Mrs. George II.
Morgan in I.enox. have gone 70 Bret
ton Woods. where they will make a
visit OF some length
The Washington times., 1906-07-14

Mrs Giraud Foster. who spent the
past season at Stoneleigh Court. was
among the hOstesses at LenON yesterday
when she entertained at luncheon at
BeIlefoutaire. ter Berkshire cottage.
The Washington times., 1906-07-14

Representative and Mrs. Robert r.
Hit are spending the summer IT Kin
ney Lodge. Narragansett Pier. and are
taking a prominEyt part In the gayeties
OF that resort
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

d PIONEER LODGE No L. A. f. and A.
NJ. meets first and third Mondays of each
month at Wagner Hall, cor. Charles street
and Western avenue at 500 p. m. F. L.
Phelps. w. NJ: l.. F. De Lyons. Secy., $50
Temperance street.
PERFECT ASHLAR LODGE NO. A. a,
F.. and A. NJ. meets second and fourth.
Tuesdays at Wagner Hall. Cor Charles
street and Western ave, at s p. m VIM.
f. r. Chandler, w. NJ. 144 r. 18th ST. n
B. Marshall. Secy., 554 Aurora ave.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

Minneapolis can at last boast of hay
ing found man with grit, business
ability and money enough to supply a
long felt want. This was no other than
the big warmhearted Chas. w. Dwyer.
MR. DWyer came to this city a little
over four years ago as headwaiter of
the Commercial Club and shortly after
his arrival a coincidence happened
that made him ashamed. There was
leading Afro-American Company play
ingsat one CT the local play houses and
they tried in fruitless effort to find
first class place on the order of ho-
tel, hence they were scattered all over
the oity-Mr Dryer took in the sit
uation at glance and formulated his
plans from that day which reached the
stage OF maturity last week when he
secured the three story brick building
at 224 Washington Ave South, the
NEST fashionable part of the city.
This is demonstrated by the fact that
it is direct across the street from the
worldwide famous National HOTEL"
hotel that is known the world over
for its famous Dutch and English din
ner rooms. The Hotel Dryer consists
OF a brick building three stories high
and is said to be fire proof The first
floor will be rented out to a Jeweler
and clothing firm-on the second
| floor will be situated the office and
large number of transient rooms. used
| exclusively for the travelling public
the third floor will be devoted to local
patronage which will be greatly ap-
| preciated by the lonely ones of the
| Flour City" Mr.. Dryer sent to Chi
| cago and secured an efficient manager
| who will look after the business end
under his personal. supervision. Mr.
| Dryer has gone to great expense in
fitting out this Hotel-He has furnish
ed every room with brand new furni-
ture from mat to mantel-Every room
is an outside room and lighted by
! electricity-Everything was in place
last Saturday and a Grand Opening
was given, that was only equalled b.
that given at the Canadian at Los An
( selas, Cal. about ten weeks a2o.-The
doors of Hotel Dryer were thrown
open Saturday Feby. 18th at 10 P. NJ.
and the occasion was graced by the
! presence of host of members from
the Minneapolis Commercial Club who
came to do honor to whom honor was
due.-Chlef among that number was the
genial and much loved Sec'y. and Mgr.
-. j. Westlake. who has the happy
knack of doing the right thing in the
right time-He made an eloquent talk
which everybody enjoyed as well as
) the other part Of the program-Every-
thing broke up at the early hour of 4
A. NJ. and every body felt that another
Star had been added to the Grown of
Chas. w Dryer.
The travelling public will do we'll to
! watch the leading papers for his Card,
giving phones and other particulars. :
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10
The Following ExIains Itself.

For and in consideration Of the sum
OF One Hundred and Fifty ($15O.O0)
Dollars to me in hand we'll and duly
paid. the receipt whereof is hereby
duly acknowledged, and for the fur
Their consideration of peace, harmony
and good will among the members Of
the st. James African Methodist
Church, hereby release and discharge
said church from any and all claims
which | may have or l may hereafter
have for and on account of salary and
pay as pastor of said church.
is further agreed and convenantsd
between me and said church, and
Boards and members that | will not
perform any of the duties as pastor of
said church or undertake 10 perform
any duties as pastor thereof or to oc-
cupy the pulpit on and after the date
hereof, and do hereby resign all claims
as pastor of said church.
1t is further mutually cOvenanted
and agreed that I will on or before the
10Th day of April, A. D. 1906, vacate,
move out OF and surrender possession
Of the minister's residence and parson-
age OF said church located at number
1875 Jay street in the city Of st. Paul.
Ramsey county and state of Mime.
sofa, and that my RICH; to remain in,
keep and use said premises shall in all
respects cease and end on the said 10Th
day of April A. D. 1906; that further
notice and that all notice or notices re.
quired under the law Of the state of
Minnesota is hereby waived.
In testimony thereof, | hereuntO SET
my hand and seal this 9th day of Feb
I'aly, A. d. 1906
p. (Signed) r. SEYMOUR.
Signed, Sealed and Delivered in the
presence of
(Signed)
Thomas r. Morgan.
ORR G. Hall.
State OF Minnesota,
County 'of Ramsey
Be it known that on this 9th day of
February, A. D. 1906 before me No
tary Public. personally appeared Rob-
ert Seymour to me known to be the
person named in the foregoing and who
signed and executed the same and he
duly acknowledged that he made and
executed the same for the purpose
therein named of his own free will and
accord, y
Thomas R. Morgan,
Notary Public Ramsey County, Min.
My commission expires April "a,
1909
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

81. PHILIPS EPISCOPAL MISSu,
corner Aurora avenue and Mackuhi1 stree
Sunday services: Early celebration OF Hof
Eucharist, 1:30 Il. IN. High celebration ~.
Holy Eucharist first and third Sundays
Zoo a. IN. Mathis. Secord and fourth
sundays. 11:uD u nj. Sumo = school,, 1890
D. NJ. Brotherhood Of st. andrew, 6::}O y.
~. Fespers, I:30 y. m. Week services
Wednesdays, confirmation class, 500 T. NJ
Fridays. evening prayer. 500 p. III. Salnr
days. Holy Eucharist. . A. NJ. Rev. Everarn
Daniels Rector.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10
ST. PAUL.

n it's Hamm's. it's all right
It takes more than fence to make
a garden.
THE ELK EXPRESS co. now has
its Office corner Ninth and ST. Peter
streets.
It's a good deal easier to pray for
the preacher than to pay for the
preaching.
Have you seen the new magazine,
che VOICE OF THE NEGRO?' See
n>tice elsewhere in this issue.
The Appeal has purchased the press
and outfit of the Richardson Printing
Company and added the same to the
plant. Bring in your job printing.
Best work at lowest prices.
Gentlemen wishing nice furnished
rooms. with all conveniences, by tie
week or month at reasonable rates.
sho I'D apply at the Benton House, 22S
West Third street, up stairs.
TIE NAGEL UNDERTAKING CO.,
VIM. e, Nagel Manager 2OS West
Third street, Telephone, Main 1904.
Latest equipments in every line.
Lady assistant when desired.
William A. Robson concert violin
list and teacher. Studio 322 Bradley
building, Fifth street opposite Court
House. Robison-Wer orchestra for
concerts, musicales and receptions.
BOARDING HOUSE. Mrs. Ella
Smith, prop, 1852 Cedar street. Break
fast, d:30 to 800 a. m. Regular din
ner 1900 m. to 2:30 p. m. Meals at
other hours to order Regular dinner
IS cents.
LORS. Walter Porter, Prop. No. 95h
E. 4th and 127 E. 9Th streets. When
you wish good shine give him a call.
Shines 5 cents. First class work
Special chairs for ladies'
The State Savings ,Eank, corner
Fourth and Minnesota streets, is open
Monday evenings from to 8. Ac-
counts can be started with 81. A little
amount saved every week may some
day stand between you and want.
ELK EXPRESS CO., G. J. Charles
ton, manager, corner ST. Peter and
Ninth streets. Packing, shipping and
storing of furniture and household
goods. Piano moving a speciality
House renting. real estate handled.
Those OF our patrons who desire to
have matter published must get the
same in this office not later than
Thursday afternoon, otherwise it may
be crowded. out. No notice will be
taken of any communication that is
not signed by the author.
Mr.. Charles A. Miller is now pre-.
oaTed to do expert work in the repair.
ing Of watches, clocks, Jewelry etc
Send postal card to him at 903 Globe
building and he will call for your
work and deliver the same when com
pleted. If you have any such work tC
DO give him an order.
Any Picture to be Framed? If yor
have and are waiting for "conven
lent time" let us frame them now
It's convenient for us at any time but
a little more so now than usual Be
sides the longer you wait the moro
chance there is for the picture to be
damaged. We can give your WORK
special attention now.-Picture frames
and mouldings, art materials-Lowe
Picture Frame Co.. ATS Wabasha ST
Telephone n w Main PIG j..
Beautiful hand made rugs may BIZ
made out of your old carpet, no mat
ter how dirty or worn out it may be
Rugs made any size desired and ou'
Of any sort of old carpet which vii
be cleaned and disinfected free q
charge. Just call up the Simone'
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10
UNITED BROTHERS OF FRIEND

NORTH STAR LODGE NO. 1ss. L. 3.
r., meets first and third Tuesday in each
mouth at hall No. 116 West Sixth street.
come j.. r. White w. NJ. J. c. Adams,
W. sec'y, 40 E. Fourth street
BIDDLE CIRCLE, LADIES OF G. A.
*. meets first and third Tuesdays of each
month in Supreme Court room, old cap
ltol building. Mrs. M. J. Leavitt, Pres.
Mr. j. r. White. Secy., Phoenix Bldg.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10
The Voice of the NEGRO.

Mr.. S. D. Kemp has been appointed
agent for THE Voice Of The Negro"
a monthly magazine published in At
lanta, Ca. and the only magazine now
being edited and published by Afro
Americans in this country. Messrs.
]. w. E. Bowen and J. Max Barber
are editors. Among those who have
pledged their support to the magazine
as contributors are: Prof w. E. B.
Du Bots. Prof. Kelley, Miller, Dr.
Booker II. Washington, Mrs Mary
Church Terrill, Mrs. Fannie Barrier
Williams and a score of others promi
nent among the leading writer's
The price Of the magazine is or.
81 per year Persons desiring to SUB,
scribe should send their subscriptions
to S. D. Kemp. Army Building foot Of
Robert Street, st. Paul
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10
To whom it may Concern.

StsSPaul, Mimi, March z, 1906.
To the members and congregation of
st. James A. NJ. e. church:
After q thorough examination of all
checks. books and accounts of the
secretary and treasurer OF the Board
OF Trustees of ST. James A. Nj. E.
church of st. Paul, Mimi. we, the
undersigned committee assigned to
the duty of auditing said books and
accounts. find accounts absolutely COR
rec5 and accurately balanced
Respectfully submitted,
Signed
r. II. Anderson,
j. w. Milton,
Orri c. Hall,
w. e. Alexander,
Il. F. Mcintyre,
Committee.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10
St. Philips Church.

Services as, follows: Holy commu
Mon 500 a. m. every Sunday and at
HOO q. III. every first Sunday in the
month.
Morning Prayer and Sermon at H.:
90 a. m. Sunday School at 1890.
Evening Prayer and Address at 500
p. nj.
Rev. Father A. n. Lealtade.
Priest in charge.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

MARS LODGE, NO. 22O2, MEETS
second and fourth Tuesday in each month
at Odd Fellows Hall, 221 West University,
corner harrington avenue: Entrance on
harrington. Daniel Roy. n g.; Thos. R.
Hickman P S.. 422 st. Anthony ave
nue.
PAST GRAND. MASTERS COUNCIL
No: 1913. G. Z. o. of o. F. meets the sec
ond and fourth Friday in each month al
Odd Fellows Hall. POI w. University
corner Harrington. Entrance on Earring.
ton. VIM. R. Morris. W. G. NJ; Thos. r
Hickman, G. S., No. 422 st. Anthony ave.
nue.
ST. PAUL PATRIARCHY NO. III,
meets second Monday in each month at
Odd Fellows Hall, 2o1 w. University,
corner harrington. Entrance on Far
r rnnsin avenue Thos. r.. Hickman
r.; Geo b. Lowe, w. p. r., 17s1a Wab-
HOUSEHOLD OF RUTH. No. 55s G.
1 4: .; OF Q. F: meets second and fourth
Monday in each month at Odd Fellows
Hall. n. w: Cor. University and Earring
, ron Ayes; Entrance on Harrington. Mrs.
Maggie Beard. NJ N. G.; Mrs. Ida NJ
Johnson. w. r.. No. ?16 Marion ST.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10
THE STATE SAVINGS BANK,

Total Deposits Over $4,000, 100000.
The only bank in st. Paul exclusive.
ly for savings; receives deposits in
sums Of 81. and upwards, and com.
pounds interest semi-annually. Open
Monday evenings from to 8.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10
SAND wv ICH I'LL,

luis. OUVgEITUts, C. CoHee, DC
MEALS FIFTEEN c
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

MOST WoRsHlPFuL GRAND LODGE
5 Of
MINNESOTA, "A f. AND A NJ.

r. S. BROWN, GRAND MASTER,
405 Century Eldg.. Minneapolis, MINI.
B. r. DURANT.. GRAND SECRETARY.
S31 Payne Ave, ST. Paul, MINI.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

pilgrim BAPTIST CHURCH. Cor.
l2th and Cedar. Sunday services: Preach
Ing at IL Il. IN. and 7:45 ~ H. SUNDAY
school at 1890 O'clock. Wednesday wen
ing general prayer meeting. Friday wen
ing study Sunday school lessc,.. Funerals
and weddings promptly attended. Rev V
D. Carter. Pastor. $50 Elfclt ST.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

This
& I
Of
t 5s h III
herct
9th its. 50 ~
OF the byg
ca 81 . I
4 be o,a,las
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

Rug Company. N w. phone main
1872 L j, or r. C. phone 1902, and
they will call for your old carpet.
Rates reasonable. Office 80 West
Seventh street where the beautiful
rugs may be seen.
The Colonnade Dancing Acade ny
made quite an improvement for their
patrons. They have built a skylight
twelve feet long, six feet wide and
eight feet deep. Mr.. Loeffelholl, pro-
prietor OF the, building, said that Mr..
Winstead has the finest crowd of So
ciable people he ever saw. The Col
OnEade Dancing School is regular
summer resort for dancing. All pa
irons are cordially invited to attend
each Wednesday in the week.
Arthur Winstead,
Principal
Did it ever occur tc you--that this
is the time OF the year to put your
stoves and ranges in repair for win
ter? THE ST. PAUL STOVE RE-
PAIR WORKS, 1876 w. Seventh street,
las the best workmen and the best
equipment in the city, and can fur
nish any part of any stove or range
at any time and any place. A card
will bring us, or you may phone n.
w.. Main 1206-L1. or T. C. 242. Bear
in mind that we can do your work
now better and cheaper than when
cold weather sets in and we are
rushed with orders. Time is short so
DO 1T NOW.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1906-03-10

. ST. JAMES A. NJ. e. CHURCH. COR.
Fuller and Jay streets Sunday services
LOO a. M; 1880 p. nj. Wednesday PRAYER
meeting. 500 p. NJ. Pastor visits on Mon
daN and Tuesday; at home Wednesday and
Thursday. Weddings funerals and the
sick attended on notice. Rev. r. Seymour
Pastor. Parsonage Cor Jay and Fuller.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-09-20

last year. and II is Impossible 10 say
how many it come to this year Up To
tic present time the number enrolled Is
greater than for the corresponding period
last year
There are few changes 20 be noted In
the faculty. Lr. Robert r. Williams pro
lessor of the practice of medicine. has
resigned and gone to- IL Paso. Tex
where he viii live in the future. Dr.
Manfred CAN has bee nappointed acting
prfessor in his place. and the chair will
Doe filled 10y tho Board OF Visitors at So.
eNt meeting .n May. Or. Clifton VI Mil
LEI has been transferred from the chair
Of anatomy to the chair Of diseases Of
the nose and throat. and DR. J. Fulmer
Bright has been elected t. iii the vacan "
created. nr. Charles r Robins has been
elected professor OF gynocology.
In the annual meeting of the dental
faculty. DIT F w. StiT was elected chair
man OF the faculty. and DR. J Mitchell
Lewis was appointed acting professor
90 operative technique and orthodontla
10 iii the vacancy created hy the resigna-
ton ~ Dr. 5 r. Hart. This chair Will
Dr. permanently filled by the Board Of
Visitors at the meeting iii NAV.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-09-20
ARGUE BOND ISSUE
BEFORE The BOARD
Important and Interesting Meet
ing of Henrico Supervisors
This Morning.

The Board of Supervisors Of Henrico
county viii meet this morning az il
o'clock and consider request from Mr.
O.. vs.. Throckmortou and others that the
judge of the Circuit Court De asked to
can "a special election for the purpose Of
ascertaining the wishes Of the citizens as
to the eXpediency Of issuing bonds To- the
amount OF 100000 for the Improvement
OF tho public roads of the county Mr.
Throckmorton Will Doe assisted 10y Messrs.
o.. a. Cary. :. n. Halves and r. J..
Barnes. of the county. and Lieutenant
charles T. shaw. OF the United States
Navy. stationed at Norfolk. and an au-
tnority on good roads.
Mr. Joseph Bryan and other prominent
properly holders of Henrico have spoken
JOB opposition To- the issuing Of bonds az
This time. They say that such bond
issue is inopportuuc for many reasons.
and while they favor the bettcrmcnt of
the roads. they do not believe that this
is the proper time 90 incur such a debt
for the work.
Commonwealth Attorney l.. q. Wen
dcuburg said yesterday thu De also
thought 10 inopportuuc to have the county
issue the amount Of bonds prescribed at
this time He said hc favored good roads
hut while the annex itiou question was
practically at fits height IL would be
ncXpedicut 20 offer fol sale county bonds
Ii is expected that many citDeus will
be present at the board meeting this
morning.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-09-20
Heated by Steam.

Yesterday completed rae steam
heat aria .se.--.t+. ~lic.. ecre gut lu at
no at-r eNI..-e. The radiators have
been placed .a aL tire halls and .u evcGt
room ot the house. and this year tn,l
Will Doc uo lack OF warmth for those
brought 100 to save them from the stress
Of weather There are many other iw-
proveu.-ts fo ne noted. The dining
room is 90 t- placed down stairs in the
basement. which VIII also afford ace
commentators for the kitchen. The rear
half of tne present entrance hall. which i-
taken ur ALSO rN the luncn-counter. and
the present kitchen VIII pee converted
into ID l.u.n1-ruom. and the other half
Of the aai viii be- turned into reception
room. lle general plan of Improvement
also coutempletcs an increase in the
dormitnry falN t.7. Thirty ne~ teds
nave.aireadv been ordered. and with Other
eNtens on> the sleeping capacity VIII he
IIF..H.. r...Da.'
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-09-20
PRESBYTERIANS WORKING
Sunday-School Union Meeting 20
BE Held To-Morrow.

The Presbyterian sunday School Union
of Richmond and Manchestcr will hold its
opening meeting for the fall and winter
campaign on Thursday eveuine Scptcm-
her goth in the building OF the Prcsby-
terrain Committee OF Publication. from
To $3.50 O'Clock.
From to y. NJ. an acquaintance
meeting will be held. and refreshments
will be served. At 8 O'Clock Rev. r.
Rennie. d. D.. Of Norfolk Will deliver
an address on "The Sunday School as 4
Soul Winning Agency Afterwards q
conference viii be held i'm tine Presbyterian
sunday school interests Of the two cities.
ana plans viii be outlined for an agsres-
slNC campaign.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-09-20
Provision for Women.

AS ue mission usually takes .u large
number - wumen. extra accommodation
W 40 Dee provided for them this winter.
clarate apartments w.u oe provided for
'Ie sexes. and tley wll conn. Ir ..at.
only at mea. times AND during the ord.-
nary course ot the day.
ON the whole. the mission VIII show
Vast Improvement when AN the details
contemplated are put into effect. and thar
they shall bee plt into effect Dir. sharpe
Us determined Tie furnace to provide
steam heat and the radiators are already
u place. and other work is being pushed
a- rapidly as possible.
Air. sharpe has NOT been ille during the
MINER months. as many people would
suppose. on the contrary. he has been
very busy. During the months OF July
and August the mission provided employ
mcnt for nirety-five men. Beds t. tic
number ~ ilaY We're occupied during the
same months. and -.So0 lunches Were pro-
VIded.