davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25
UNION PACIFIC sHIP9IENTs.
Had landed 256 Relief Cars at Green
River Monday Night.

Advices received by the Union Pa
cifc officials here from headquarters
a Omaha are to the effect that I'D to
Monday night the Union Pacific had
LANDED at Green River. Wyo.. 256 cars
of relief supplies for san Francisco. not
including government shipments. The
road had in transit yesterday ffty-six
cars. not including yesterdays ship
ments. The latter included the foIlow-
ing.
a car Of potatoes and one of Hour
from Concordia. KAN a ear Of -four
flour from Lincoln Center. kan. and q
car Of packing house products donated
By the Armour Packing company of
Kansas City
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25

The funeral of Joseph D. smith. one
Of the old residents OF Topeka. was
held at $50 O'Clock yesterday after
noon at the First Presbyterian church
The services were in charge of the
odd Fellows and his comrades from
Lincoln post A large number Of Mr..
Smiths comrades and friends gathered
at the church. The services we're con
Quoted by DR.. S. s. Estey. After read
ing chapter from the Scripture. he
talked on the life and work of Mr.
Smith. The music Of the service. was
given Dy Mrs. Thacher and Mrs. Park
hurst The casket was covered with
Easter lilies. roses and floral piece
from the Lincoln post Of the G. A. r
The paIIbearers were J. NJ Miller. J.
NJ Briar. Ben Grant \. f Barker, W.
Z. Marsh and John Magif7n.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25

ia IN DOUBT a AhE HIS 4ESS1s
twenty-four hours Eoa md
are upaSe psrm thei
break of
and gre
Warmers Sc
and aid
and IS odby rugsis O
diseases
to who
n andn mention
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25

Andrew Anderson died very suddenly
just before noon today at his home 14ef
Monroe st Of hemorrhage of the brain.
Mr. Anderson conducts a store near his
home and was busy waiting on custom
ers and became suddenly i'll and went
to his home and died shortly after. The
funeral announcement viii be made
later
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25

IN letter telling OF her remarkable
cure. Mrs SHffzer said
In January. 1904. I was taken down
with Inflammation Of the kidneys and
bladder, and was laid up IN bed for eight
weeks. I had very severe pains across
the back ard kidneys and IN the legs
also had a terrible burning sensation in
the affected parts The doctor could not
aid me- He told me frankly he thought
there was no hope. and that could NOT
be cured. He proposed an operation but
remembered reading of the remarkable
cures credited TO Warner Safe Cure and
sent out for a bottle soon began 10
recover my former good health To-Day
7 am on the fourth bottle and an now As
strong as before I was taken sick NJ
cure Is complete. and fully believe
Warmers Safe Cure saved my lie
cannot say too much in its favor, AID
gladly make this statement that others
may know and be benefited. MRS A
" SWITZER, q Wyatt avenue, Toronto
Canada.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25
Warmers Safe Cure

Does your back acheg Do you haya
scalding paius2 Are you troubled with
vital weakness II the answer IS Yes.
your kidneys are diseased and your ne
is IN danger. Warmers Safe Cure "a the
medicine that will help YOU Thousands
Of wonderful cures attest It's merit. ana
thousands Of people voluntarily commend
its use as the best cure and sure proven
live If all forms of kidney and bladder
trouble female weakness Brfxatfs dis
ease and al diseased conditions Of the
liver and blood.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25

Mexico City & Return $3.50. santa FTe
Tickets on sale april 18th TO May 5th.
final limit returning July s1st
7. L. KING. Topeka
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25
HATS

You may be dressed in the
latest thing that fashion die
tates, but if your hat IS old,
the entire newness of your COS
tune is spoiled.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1906-04-25
DEATHS AND FUNERALS.

Mr.. c. H. straub died this morning at
five o'clock The funeral viii be held
from the home Of John Nfeoi. 306 Tyler
street Thursday afternoon at ? o'clock
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
OF IOWA IN
LAND FRAUD TANGLE,
Alleged Crooked Work Involving the
Union Pacific Is BEING Probed
by Hitchcock.

Washington, d. c., Nov. 22.-The first
Iowa man to be tangled UP in the land,
frauds along with the Union Pacific
was S. G. Ruby, special agent of the.
land Office to investigate the land cases.
Ruby was sent to look into the COM,
plants of frauds n proved SO unwill-
ing and resourceful of that his
resignation was demanded by Secretary
Hitchcock. The Iowa senators made a
strenuous effort to have him retained
but failed.
1t is believed in the highest quarters,
at the interior department today that,
Commissioner of General Land Offices
Richards, who recently resigned. to
take effect March L, will not be allowed,
to remain hat long.
i 1t now develops that when the pro-
tests were made against the lands go
ing to patent in favor of the Union
Pacific, the Union Pacific was allowed
to withdraw its claims, and the pro-
test was dismissed. and Immediately
the Union Pacific filed a new set of en-
tries and ACCOMPLISHMENTS made in it's
favor by dummies" on these patents
were issued without even allowing the
protestant to know of tic new status.
Thus the effort to prevent fraud was
defeated by the action of the land office.
Secretary Hitchcock is investigating
to determine whether there was coilus-
ion between the lane office and the
railroad.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
BIG SWlNDLERS ARE
ARRESTED IN CHICAGO CHICAGO
Federal Authorities Raid ~"Finanoial'
Concerns ard Arrest

C~hteago. Nov. ..-Seyera unaer-
writing companies which are alleged
TO be the largest fraudulent concerns
OF the Ind ever operated in ChicaSo
Were raided here Yesterday by Omitted
States marshals, assisted by postal in
spectors. and seven men accused OF
Were arrested. According to the fed
operating the swindles had many vic
Tins, and obtained nearly 1000. coo
by the scheme. hi names of the
men arrested, and the companies With
which the federal authorities say they
slre connected, follow
w. j.. Root, w. H. Welch. vice presi-
Gent and w. II. Hurlburt, secretary of
the Central States Underwriting and
Guarantee company.
+; Charles Endieott Brown. president of
the Prudential Securities corporation
Brokers.
' Frank Winslow. president of the
American Corporation and Security
company.
Ezra c. Barnum, president National
Stock and Guaranty company n the
Bankers Credit and Mercantile COM
pany.
!, David c. Owings. National Stock and
Guaranty company.
Hurlburt. Root and Welch We're
taken to the United States district
court and gave bonds of $4,000 eacn for
their appearance for trial According
ito the postal authorities the other men
who We're arrested We're locked up in
Jail because they were unable to Sc
eure bonds.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
SENATOR PLATT TO
RESIGN JANUARY

New York, Nov. 22.-Thomas c. PLATE
will resign his seat in the United States
Genate January .
One of the first official papers to
reach the hands of Governor-Elect
Hughes after he takes office will be tn,
resignation of the senior senator from
1.-THE state of New York.
There are reasons why Senator Plats
will not resign before the first of the
year, although the senate will W
for the winter session on December
q and remain in session until March \
pr later.
The paramount reason is the bitter
hostility felt by Senator Platt toward
Governor Higgins. His hatred of the
governor is of the most i%nfexible char
Iacter, and many things have entered
into the situation to intensity his bitter
resentment. :,
The refusal of Governor Higgins to
approve the excise bill granting a IL.
cense to the hotel Gotham was one OF
the most vexatious incidents. and
seems to nave had a more lasting eff
Eect thar anything else. {,
Frank Bennett. proprietor of the Ho-
tel Gotham, is a lifelong friend of Sen.
ator Platt,S
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
WIFE SEEKER WILL
R D THE GLOBE

New York. Nov. pa shall, go aroune
the world, if necessary, to find my wife,
said Frederick Lengerke, of Cleveland,
who has come to New York in search o!
the woman. who mysteriously disappeared
on October 6. Lelgerke believes his Wit,
has met with foul play or IS in an INSANE
asylum.
y I'VE were the happ:est of married cou'
PIES he said. II am sure she would no.
Willingly keep me in this terrible anxiet:
that is driving me almost mad.
y She was a great thinker and %suffere.
from melancholia. Only a few days before
ishe disappeared her doctor advised her t,
take a rest. My business is in Cleveland
and she wrote me that she was coming u;
to be with me. When she left Columbu:
lshe had S2,C09 with her, and & Is possibl,
she has met with foul plaN."
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
RUFF is A GREAT MIXER.
'Friseo Political Boss Portrayed in a
Word Picture at Close Range.

Word Picture at Close Range.
Kansas City. Mo-, Nov. 22-''Abe Ruet
lis the best mixer 1 ever met. i
This is the way Bayard WELLER, for
imerly a newspaper man of San Fran
tcisco, described the boss of that city,
WELLER is in Kansas City with his wife,
Margaret Wycherly, who is appearing
lat the Orpheum.
\ ST know Ruef Intimately" said VeilA
ller. "When / first went to Frisco six
years ago I was talking n day with
the Sunday editor Of the Chronicle
about the numbe of people 1t was pos
.sible for a man to know personally.
Nth talk suggested the idea for a story!
OF the local man who had the largest
acquaintance. / started out to get The
STORY with an idea that Whitman, the
lchief of police, was my a l soon
learned that Abe Ruef knew more men
and could call them by their Christian
names. He told me that he knew per-
'sonally 10000 persons.
Native Shrewdness. \
When I first met Ruef he was a Sec
.ond class lawyer with a large practice
among the poorer classes. He made up
for a lack of learning by native shrewd-
ness. He was a dealer in smooth legal
tricks and technicalities, being much
III VII hlllQ III IL dNySl dS kiOC
fHummel, Of New York. Although
widely known Ruef was not a boss
then. Phelan was mayor and another
ring was in power. When Schmitz was
elected Ruef stepped into the arena as
the mayors adviser. In q rear he was
the absolute ruler of San Francisco.
"Ruef is a little man, but tough and
.wiry. He is about five feet five inches
in height, weighs perhaps 14O pounds.
has very dark hair, eyes and complex
ion, and a black mustache. He is about
SO years old, unmarried and is much
devoted to his parents and his brothers
.and sisters. His habits are good.
Never drinks, but smokes much. He is
very generous and has helped scores OF
men in Frisco by getting them positions
Or giving them money out of his w
pocket. And he is quiet about his many
acts Of kindness. Ruef has David b.
Hills gift of talking much and say
ing little. He keeps his own counsel
well.
Rugged by Abe. \
"Ruef's shrewdness. his mixing quail
ties and his memory for faces are tho
secrets Of his power. Two months ago
/ was in Frisco after an absence Of
three years. I nae stepped out Of a
restaurant when a man came running
1t was Abe Ruef. There was no rea-
son for such a display of interest exA
cept Ruef's innate desire to be friend
~ with everybody. He knew that I
could do nothing whatever for him.
THE remark OF Ruef when he was
asked about his indictment that John
ID. Rockefeller was indicted the day
before was characteristic of the man.
He is much conceited. He cared moth!
ing for office but worked for power,
And he % it. But l believe the moveA
ment to purify San Francisco will abb
%isolutely eliminate both Ruef and
Schmitz from influence in the city's at
fairs"
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
rPEER GYNT' WILL BE
GIVEN IN EGIAN

!, Chicago, Nov. ga dramatic inter-
probation of Henrik Ibsen's "Peen
Gynt" in Norwegian will be given by
Arthur Thallough and Miss Petra
Wright Folkman Thursday evening.
Both have appeared in the play i'm Nor
way and the stage version they will
use is the one prepared by Ibsen HIM
self.
Among the scenes to be given will be
the meeting of Aase and Peer in the
first act, the scene with Peer in the
mountains, the death of Aase, and the
priests grafton at the grave.
Selections from Grieg's peer Gynt''
suite will be played. Chicago Nor
wegians are manifesting great interest
in the affair,
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
STOP CHILD BIRTHS
SAYS CHICAGO LADY
iIrs. Potter Loomis Also D.
mands Absolute Abolition
OF Marriage.
6TARTLE5 ~CLUBWOMEN
calls Anti Wedding Novel of Mrs. Par
sons The Future Bible
of the Fair
Sex.

Chicago. Nov. 22.-Givirg the &pper
lation of the women's future bible
10 Mrs. Herbert Parsons novel. "Th.
Family" which created Il furore be.
rause of its anti-marriage sentiments
1,lrs. IIulda L. Potter-Loomis last even
ing advocated the absolute abolition Of
Incidentally she advocated the ces.
sation OF child births in the United
States for twenty years, and de-
hounced the United States government
rs q monumental aggregation of stu
pidity, before the Social Science society
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
7RUEf HELD UP THE
PuGILlSTIC TRUST
Frisco Grand Jury Resumes
Work Today to Hear of
Profits in Prize Fights.
ALL TRADE TO ONE DIVE
Mayor schmitz's Manager Closed Up
Others Near BY and Coolly
Raked In Thousands
of Dollars.

San Francisco, Cal, Nov. 22.-The,
grand jury today resumed work, tax
ing up first the Belvedere dive scandals
Next will come the permits given Nafi--i
Ious members of the fight trust to puit
off prize fights. although these fights
ioa by the connivance of Dos" Ruer
and the accommodating police.
Coffroth and Eddie Graney, prizetight
Promoters, were two OF the partners
lin the Belvidere resort, While the other
WAS Captain Wilson, of the Pacific Main
line.
When the dive was started Ruef saw
great possibilities of profit, so BEFORE
the license was granted he calmly de-
lmanded one-quarter of the interest. \
This was granted and Without a cent
Invested Ruef drew thousands pf dol
liars as his share OF the dividends. Ha
,paid for his by having the. police shut
up the. neighboring dives, thus throw.
ing all the business to the Belvedere.
Heavy Graft Exposure. /,
These facts have been told by MYRTLE
,Cerf, Ruef's confidential agent, and
they will be ~corroborated by Coffroth
and Graney, for neither can deny
Ruef's interest in the dive. -.
After this will come the exposure OF
the heavy graft which attended the
granting of prizefight permits.
from S., 900 to $1,000 to the promoter.
!Ruef and the supervisors. as well as
,the mayor, had to have their share,
and also free passes, for which the or
Urinary person paid $40. \
Frank Maestretti, formerly president
iiof the board of public works, was called
lby the jury today M it is expected
The will reveal graft in the old board of
public works, from which he was re-
moved after Mayor Schmitz left on a
vacation trip.
Brother Goes East.
Herbert Schmitz, the mayors young
Ter brother, is gone and it is reported
he is on the way to New York to meet
the mayor and give him full details OF
THE upheaval in a Francisco.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
RUIN OF MANY GIRLS
LAID TO ClGARETS

Chicago, Nov. 22.-"The use of Gig
arets is the first step on the down
ward path for a young woman" saie
Miss Lucy Page CASTOR, superintendent
of the Chicago Anti-Cigaret league, in
an address at the North Shore Con-
gregational church.
She asserted hat the use of tobacco.
and especially in the form of a cigaret,
.deadens and blurs the moral sense OF
young girls, making them liable TIC
moral downfall.
She made a plea for persons in posi-.
itions of influence to take a stand
against the use of tobacco
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
BRYAN PRINTS KNAPP's
TALK ON GOVERNMENT
OWNERSHIP.
Will Issue 100. 900 Copies o;
Speech by Chairman OF
Commerce Commission.

Washington, D. c., Nov. PAN in
teresting report is heard that William
Jennings Bryan is to play a big card
in his government ownership cam
paign. A year or more s Martin a.
knapp, chairman of the Interstate
Commerce commission. in a paper be-
fore the Washington Economy associa-
ton, made a strong case of government
ownership without committing himself
TO It.
Bryan has secured a copy of this pa
Der, which never was widely circulated.
slnd it is reported is getting ont an
edition of 100, eco copies to sustain his
avn position.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
GIRL READY, nc GROOM;
FOUL PLAY SUSPECTED

Chicago, Nov. 22-The failure OF
Moses Oliver to appear at his wedding
in Whiting, Ind, has caused his parenti
10 surmise foul play.
oliver was to have been married to
Miss Mayme Farley, also of Whiting.
THE pair were in South Chicago shop.
ping and Miss Farley went home alone.
ht the request of her tiance, who wenJ
TO Hammond on business. He did nos
The wedding ceremony has been in.
definitely postponed and h police
asked to aid in the search for ths
isroom-to-be.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
WAISTS
WORN, GIRLS OUsTED

Columbus, Ind, Nov. 22.-Trouble in
the high schoo over peekaboo waista
and short sleeves has resulted in the
Expulsion of several of the girl pupil,
alleged to have peen leaders in AN in
icipient mutiny over the matter.
An attempt to have the girls quit
wearing the styles thought objection.
able was made by Principal Samuel
WertZ. but his Interference stirred u,
the more obstinate. who argued thai
he was going outside his jurisdiction.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
TAKERS BY MAIL
CONFESS TO GUILT
Arrests in Several Cities Are Expected
to Result in Twenty
Eonc Loure

Milwaukee, Wis, Nov. 22.-The Daily.
News today says:
AS a result of the signed confession
now in the hanas of United States Dis
trict Attorney Butterfield, the existence
Of a thoroughly organized gang of fake
promoters has been uncovered and az
rests will be made within twenty-four
hours in several cities by federal ofa
ficials. The u%ncovering of the organ
ization is regarded by officials as OF
the utmost Importance in the fight
continually being waged to keep tho
mails free of fraudulent uses.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
GIRL CITY ENGINEE3
ON GOTHAM PAYROLL

New York, Nov. 22.-Realiziag in he.
own career the ideals so long advo.
catel by her famous grandmother. Migs
Nora Stanton Blatch, granddaughter o.
elizabeth Gady Stanton. las been APP
pointed Il member of the city staff q.
civil engineers in charge OF tia si5t.-
0Gc, COO Catskill water system. and silc
has plunged into the work determined
to take a naaa part in .ae big una,,-
taisil'.-
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
A ASK COMMERCE
BOARD TO FIX A G

Chicago, Nov. 22.-Fearing that TIE
present agitation for increased wages
has reached a point wherc it threatens
the successful operation of railroads.
the executive officials of all lines west
OF Chicago decided to ask the Inter-
state Commerce commission to become
a board of arbitration for the settle
lnent of all disputes between the en-
ployes and the railways.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
G OF IOWA
GETS CIVIL SERVICE
LEAGUE OFFICE

New Haven. Conn. Nov. 22.-At the
second days SESSION CT the National
Civil Service Reform league DR.. Dam
lei c. Gilman, of Baltimore. was re-
elected president. Among the new
;members OF the council is Charles N.
Gregory, of Iowa. All the vice rresi-
dents and the old counci, wer. re
elected.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
BARBER GOES CRAZY AS
HE SLAVES, RUNS NAKED

Lawrence. N. Y, Nov. PA craz,.
man running around tho streets of
Hewletts without a stitch Of clothing
on his body caused much excitement
The man was Charles Lo-
man.. a young barber OF Cedarhurst.
l.. l., who suddenly became insane while
shaving a customer.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
FRANCE PUTS
LID ON r.MERiCAN
HAMS AND BACON.

Paris. Nov. 22.-The elimina-
ton of microscopic eNan1lnauoa
of pork from American meat or-
der inspection sllatioas has
resulted in Il preliminary decision
on the part of the French Gus
toms authorities barring Amer
lean ham, bacon, canned pork.
etc.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1906-11-23
Brother Goes East.

Herbert Schmitz, the mayors young
Ter brother, is gone and it is reported
he is on the way to New York to meet
1.-THE mayor and give him full details OF
the upheaval in San Francisco.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-07-13
TRACK LAID WEST
. FOR SEVEN MILES
Shortage of Laborlng Force Re-
tards Work on the West
ern Pacific.
EIGHTY MILES GRADED
SOUTH OF GRANTSVllLE
Grade Is Now Near the Edge
of the Great American
Desert.

For a stretch Of seven miles west OF
the city the tracks Of tho Western Pa
cific are now laid and the srade ls
several miles beyond that point but
tho rapid and satisfactory progress de-
sired is not being mado on account OF
the lack OF sufficient supply OF labor
ers. This condition prevails all over
the construction work on this end or
the line and greatly retards progress,
both In grading and track-laying,
Yesterday the track-laying machine
was again at work with the force on
worked to its capacity. Every effort is
being put forth to secure a full work
Ing force In ALL departments, but WotR
is so plentiful that the scarcity In the
labor market Is almost unprecedented.
Graded TO the Desert.
T. ], Wyche, engineer of the Salt
Lake division of the road, has returned
from visit OF several days TO Grants
vile and the section extending south
from that place to the desert. The
grade is almost completed to the edge
OF the American Sahara a distance of
about eighty miles from Grantsvilla.
but here also the work proceeds slowly
because of the shortage OF Workmen-
Another difficulty is that men and
supplies have to be transported long
distance from the base to tho scene of
their present operations. This has to
be done by teams and wagons through
a rough. primitive and uninviting
stretch of country, so that the work Is
characterized by many dh1cult fea-
lures.
There is a plentiful supply OF all
kinds Of material, ties and steel on
hand at the material yards west Of tho
city, so that when n fun force Of mon
go TO work there will be no delay in
this respect.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1906-07-13
COMMITTEES IN DARK
However, They Do Some Good Work
i'm Behalf of the City.

Tho City Council chamber, like all
other buildings In the city. was In dark
ness last night during the appointed
time for the committee meetings, ow
ing to the short circuit on the wires Of
the light company and most Of the
committees adjourned.
The committee on streets labored
along for a few minutes with the aid
of an apology for a lantern and took
action on several petitions for extern
sions of time on improvements. The
committee also decided to recommend
to the Council the appropriation of
$4,000 asked for by the Street Supervisor
for the purpose Of grading streets and
intersections.
The Supervisor asked for the appro-
priaton In order that he may COM
mence the work Of grading streets i'm
mediately and have them In good shape
for next winter. For years past, in
cleaning out the bitches, the dirt has
been thrown up along the sides of the
bitches until the sides of the streets
are considerably higher than the CEN
ters, which causes every block to be
a veritable lake Of mud for about three
months Of each year.
Street Supervisor Raleigh has de-
tcrInined that the streets shall be grad
ed so that the centers VIII be rounded
up sufficiently to turn the water into
the bitches and provide passable streets
for the coming winter and spring.