New-York tribune., 1906-05-12


E6waE9 ChaDniRg. Pm; d; With Waps and
aaSsTSS Sstoa TS rs rs 1 asrPsT RS I brss slh' American
TIE RISE OF AMERICAN sSATIoNAIIrY. 1871
1919 BY Kendric Charles Babcock, PA. d.
eT6e American sSatoa. Vol isj harper Up; &
Hss@ @ e j.oS TE S% an. %ESE 'saS Ms s5 BY FsS ssd
s9S'SSsRliss 8 Sssio vo sE ff s4seT Ts Tos S1ss AsF
yhcKsoNgAN pEMQSRAAcK, ,; As2;s-lss7; Ry VIII
tiSB. Vol. lb.1 Harper & Bros.
me Eve volumes most recently published OF
s.T-be American Nation: A History" which the
uarpers are bringing ont under the editOrship
~ Professor Albert Bushnell Hart. OF Harvard
7-r,versity constitute the third group in the
series. covering the years from 1859 TO 1887,
and bearing the general classification, The De-
-,.lonUaent OF the Natien." The volumes OF this
s-m1p exhibit The same qualities of indepen-
s.,t view and individual scholarship, COM
,,,ed with unity Of purpose. that have distin-
.v,ished the portions Of the work already issueo
80 that mark il as one of the most important
s.-.,-,.,I enterprises. both IN conception and
.,..u,ion. that has been undertaken in this
.,,,,v,, I.ae accordant sympathy between the
ss,tor and his cO-wOrkers. as well as between
themselves. Is apparent 10 any one who has
s,uo,ped the progress Of the publication % the
,-osent point Beginning with the inauguration
80 tbe first President the volumes now TO be
considered take up the history OF the United
States under an enduring federal government
ara carry Il on 10 the close OF Jaclsons ADMIN
sstratioa. 4 more orderly and consecutive treat
nssnt than was previously possible IN The series
e now apparent and wherever there were any
ioose ends Of subjects left hanging in the air IN
The preceding volumes the points of contact
when they are again taken up by other writers
are carefully indicated by Professor Hart In the
sptToductions which he has contributed TO each
book Il is thus always possible FOR one who
wishes to follow any particular phase or feature
nj our history. such slavery. national ezpan-
sion or foreign relations. TO do so independently
Of eontempoFaneous events or only so far as
they have immediate bearing upon the subject
IN which he may be specially interested
IN The Federalist System Professor Bas-
sstt Of Trinity College, North Carolina, treats
az the successful establishment Of the govern
rnent under the Constitution, the organization
az the Republican party on the basis OF popular
government, and the steady adherence Of the
government 10 a policy Of neutrality in the
midst OF constantly threatening complications
With foreign powers. The first achievement is
traced TO the influence of Hamilton, the second
70 that OF Jefferson and the third TO that OF
washington, whose efforts were ably seconded
after his retirement from the Presidency by
John Adams. The special function Of the vol
ume. as the editor points out is 20 describe
the foundations Of the present American party
system and its application TO the extremely diff
acult problems Of the time" and TO show how,
under such notable leadership. the American
people. facing a new Constitution, new party
system and a new ser Of problems, nevertheless
eontrived 20 make their government effective
and 20 transmit IL unimpaired. The anti
slavery cause IS discussed in its relations TO the
/. growth OF sectionalism. and the author has
added some chapters on the social and economic
conditions Of the time. The volume closes with
the administration OF John Adams and the down.
fan Of federalism, the influence OF which was
20 be long felt, however, IN the person Of John
Marshall. who appointed Chief Justice Of the
Supreme Court by Adams as one Of his last
acts for thirty-four years remained as firm
check on the observation-disclosures, and in
many important respects gave the national gov
eTment cohesive strength and practical efl-
cheney. DR. Bassett explains the passing OF the
The downfall OF Federalism came because the
giving strength 70 the Union in the early days Of
The experiment" had been performed; II was the
posed not be influenced by passions and who had
solved the problems Of the effective organization Of
new government: but other questions were now
people TsS Se STnSied With large share q government?
The FedeEalists recoiled at the prejudice ana yio.
lsAee Of the masses, declaring that Incompetence
could not be trusted. They sought TO restrain the
ceTeoped G q parts seIisHncss which they wished
others 10 believe was patriotism They fell into
a iast they gave the mastery leader Of men who
opposed them an opportunity 10 organic majority
Ga they bring into contempt the idea OF govern
n 81 snes f @ s Ssfe 70 pase his cause on any
other ground than the will OF the people
IN the succeeding volume. THE JefreFsonian
! System" Professor Charming, OF Harvard Uni
verslty, points out that although the political
principles for which Jefferson stood and the
methods OF carrying on both the federal and
state governments for which he strove were in
certain broad respects opposed to those Of the
FedeYslisfs, nevertheless. however different in
point OF view. the problems Of Jefferson and
Madison were, with the one great exception OF
the Louisiana Purchase. substantially the same
as those OF Washington and Adams" The per-
sonality OF Jefferson is in many respects the
dominant note OF the period and is. in eonse-
quence, that of the volume He Is shown as
often forced to act contrary 10 his avowed con-
victions. while at the same time preserving his
political dignity and his personal Influence
Thus in the Tripolitan war he found himself
compelled 10 rely upon the navy. which he con-
stantly sought 70 .elittie. and IN the unexpected
acquisition of Louisiana he under the neces-
s!ty OF altering his policy. IL not his views. in
the matter of the strict construction Of the Con-
Btitusion- Professor Claiming emphasizes the
innate tendency OF the young Repubiic 70 ex2an-
sioa og territory. and makes clear how IL was
possible fer ii 70 expand both in territory and
"a spirit, ana Cor she federal government TO
gain consequence aud authority, while az the
same tine It was growing more democratic. In