davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1906-01-10

81; es cierto: iabajo la tiranfa 4!
iFuera ell despotismol Libertad
independence, emancipaci6nl
La l1bertad es tan necesaria al
hombre consciente, como los alimen.
tos que nutren Su organismo. Es la
tuerZa vital en- Su Conciencia; es e1
impulse en- su voluntad, el verbo en-
sus labioS; Ell soplo vivifcador que
precipits la sangre en- sus venas: e1
pensamiento en- su cerebro.
La llbertad Ell Ell pensamiento, la
Independence en- sus actos, la eman-
Icipaci0n de af1ejas irritantes tute-
las, completan el evangelio sublime
de la religion del hombre que pien-
sa, siente y ejecuta, Gentr0 de las ten
|dencias de la epoca moderna.
La libertad no Vfno al hombre ex-
pontaneamente, al iniciarSe las pri-
meras revoluciones polfticas en- que
Sc sostuvleron, por primera vez. los
|derechos del hombre, Los hombres
primitivos, habfan gozado de ella,
1nconsclentemente; pero al consti-
tuirse en- tribus, tuvieron sus iefes,
y>estos fueron los mas valientes, los
mas arrojadoS. El poder, el est1pi-
do y barbara derecho de la fuerza.
encarnado, reconocido en- un indi-
viduc, por cada tribu, constituy6 una
Pr0ttT&a&, cuya possession trasmiti6 es-
tie suS hijos, 8 lego a su familia,
evolucionando, hasta llegar a :su &C
tual agonfa.
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18

pretty a heat as anybody ever saw, and when the time 2:O4 1-2. was an nounced the grand stand went wild.A
 stop watch had been held on Custer alone. and announcement that he made the last half in 1:O1 was occasion for some wild cheering.
 In the fourth heat there was a bad start for Custer. and Derbertha soon forced into second position but Custer
 began crawling up. Phalla led all the way round but there was strong hope for Custer until the stretch was reach ed. when he. broke and lost ground. finishing third, Derbertna second and The Donna fourth. The time was g. at the quarter, 1:O3 at the half, and 2:O7 for the mile.
 The 2:25 trot was participated in by Helen Dare. Miss Colbert. Dyke and George Hope, starting as named. There was lots of scoring before a getaway and though Helen led all the way round. Dyke got second place at the quarter pole. The half was passed in 1:0S and the finish was 2:16 If. Dyke, Hope and Colbert in the order named.
 In the second heat Hope was be- hind all the way round. Helen leading as usual. with Dyke crowding her. finishing in that order with Miss Col bert third. Time at the quarter was 34, and 1:O7 1-2 at the next post. The mile 2.15 1-2.
 The third heat showed the same or der of events to the three-quarter pole where Dyke broke and fell back. They finished as in the preceding heat. save that there was more daylight between each of the horses in the procession. The half was made in 1:O7 1-2 and the mile in 2:14. This race was for the Capital City purse of $1,OO0.
 The third race was a special trot for $500. three in five. and was won by The Major in straight heats the time being 2:32 1-2. 2:29 3-4 and 2:2S 1-4 Otto Sorony had the pole. The Major second. and Col Randolph third. The Major got the pole after the first qua ter and after that the only contest was between Sorony and Col. Randolph ! for second place. Sorony gaining the 1 point. He finished third in the first heat and second in the next two. while 1 the Colonel was second in the first 1 and third in the next two.
 The half mile running race for $1OD I was Won by Jack McGinn in .52 The | order of finish for the others was 1 Rachel. Jerry. May Day. It was quite | an exciting and interesting event.
 While waiting for the gallOpers Buff |
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18

1 belonging to Robert Niles and driven [ by Boucher, and Custer under the ex- perienced guidance of Hall. the grand stand felt that there was to be some | thing doing. The contest was for a S1500 purse guaranteed by the citizens of Prescott, and the sport was worth
 the money.
 Donna had the pole. with Custer in I second place, Derbertha third, and Phalla breaking d stiff breeze from the west, on the outside of the track. that did not augur well for a speedy day. Phalla is an immensely popular little animal. but Custer was the favOrite.
 tor there are times when home pride { is bound to be gwen a little the best of
 II if possible and Custer has done a whole lot for Phoenix this year. There
 was something of disappointment,
 therefore, when the Yankee horse slip
 ped over to the pole before the quar-
 ter was turned, but she earned it. and
 that's all there was to it. They passed
 the half well together in 1:04, and fin-
 ished closely with Phalla in the lead and Custer behind, Derbertha second
 and The Donna third The time was 2:07 1-4.
 The second heat was the one that made Mil- Phoenix famous. IL was then that Phalla made new race rec ord for herself, for Phoenix and Tor Arizona, and for the Pacific coast at this time of the year, the record nev- CT having been equaled there but once. and that was when Gentry went against Patchen in 2:03 3-4. It was in this heat also that Custer went the last half in 1:Ol flat, equaling the mile rate of speed of Audubon Boy on this track. But he failed to win the heat. by reason of his bad start. and was in the rear when the half mile post was reached.
 There was considerable trouble in the scoring. but they finally got away with Custer on the outside and well back, rounding the quarter pole in 32, for Phalla, who led. in 1:O2 1-2 at the half, with Derbertha crowding her the way Morphy sings, ana then some When the stretch was reached Custer began to trifle with tine feelings of Derbertha in d way most irritating to Mir. Boucher, and slipping along up, Phalla awOke to the realization that she was due for try-out. At the fin ish the yellow horse was in second place. but four feet behind Phalla. and the rattan was singing around both of them like the droning or a humble bee. Derbertha who had been crowded out of second place. kept her nose between the two lead sulkies. and at the finish made a final lunge q .n,. A-4. few yards after the wire was passed the three were about on a line, and it is believed that had the race been for a couple of hundred feet further Custer would have claimed the heat. The Donna logged in easily in the fourth place without competition. It was as
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18
A FauItIeSs Finish
 TOWeekOf Wonders
Continued From Page 1.

string next year from his Pieasanton, California stables. The famous Auuu- bon Boy goes rom here to California. where he has TWO dates to nil. AIT Cat comb is stlll hoping to lower the eXhi- bition pacing record th:s year. Dr. Stone also leaves tonight for Califor- mia. This is a proper ume to make a public acknowledgement or the value of his services to the fair. He has pre- sided at the track during both annual meetings. and If d better man could be found to fill that important office, the association has failed to locate him, and nobody else has suggested his name. On his management in large measure hangs the fate of the horse man on one side and the association on the other. Incidentally, there is service due the grand stand which the doctor has performed to the complete satisfaction of everybody. His rulings are eminently fair and he abides by the program and the ordered procession of events with the utmost fidelity. meantime striving always to give the visitors the information he knows they have paid their money for and have d right to demand. Gifted with a good voice, he is able to carry out these un- dertakings must satisfactorily.
 The management is also entitled to a word of praise, for while it is too early yet to cast up accounts and know just where the fair is at" it is a fore gone conclusion that it has been a sue cess and that this greatest two-year- old show on earth has been pulled off with as little friction as any enterprise of that magnitude could be. There have probably been some mfsunaer- standings, but in the sum total they were only trifles.
 Mention should be made again of the apples from the Verde valley. the finest on earth. They arrived too late for the competition in the general ex- hibit, but were displayed in the Yava- pal section of the mining building and yesterday morning the judges went in there and tied blue ribbons all over them, as special prizes. They are in a class by themselves.
 Hassayampa Day was the novel fea- ture of yesterday, and will be given mention later in this article, with the list of contests.
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18
POULTRY PRIZES. AMERICAN CLASS. Barred Plymouth Rocks.
 Rraadfnor Done

DdEItu i Breeding Pens. { lst.-Ozark Poultry Yards. Phoenix. 2d.-W. w. Bradshaw. R. r. D., Phoe nix 3d.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards. Cocks. 1st.-V. A. Vanderhoof. Scottsdale
 CockeIls. lst.-Mrs. F. F.. Bemis. Oakland, Cal. 2d.-Ozark Poultry Yards. Sd.-Mrs. F. F.. Bemis. Hens 1stMrs. NJ O. Warren, R. F. D. 2. Phoe. nix. 2d.-Holmbly House Poultry Yard, Hol. '. lywood. Cal. 3d.-Mrs. F. F.. Bemis.
 Pullets. 1st.-Mrs F. F. Bemis. 2d.-Ozark Poultry Yards. 3d.-C. W. Alexander. Tempe.
 White Plymouth Rocks
 Breeding Pen. 1st.-OzaIk Poultry Yards.
 Cocks. 1st.-Geo. E. Loring. Phoenix. 2d.-Ozark Poultry Yards. 3d.-Ozark Poultry Yards.
 Cockrels. 1st.-Mrs. F. F. Bemis. 2d.-Mrs. D. B. Heard. 3d.-Geo. F.. Loring.
 Hens. 1st.-Ozark Poultry Yards. 2d.-OZark Poultry Yards. 3d.-Ozark Poultry Yards.
 Pullets. 1st.-Mrs. r. F.. Bemis 2d.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards. Sd.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards.
 Buff Plymouth Rocks.
 Cockrels. 1st.-Mrs. T. J. Hall
 Hens. lst.-Mrs. T. J. Hall.
 Pullets. 3d.-Mrs. T. J. Hall.
 White Wyandottes.
 Breeding Pen. 1st-Mrs. Wm. Creighton. Phoemx. 2d.-C. w. Harness 3d.-Wm. Ross, Mesa.
 Cocks. 31.-Wm. Ross. Mesa. 2d.-Jesse F. Kelly 3d.-OZark Poultry Yards.
 COChTelS. lst.-Wm. Ross. 2d.-Wm. Ross Sd.-Stanley Howard, R. F. D.. Phoe- nix.
 Hens. lst.-Mrs. Vim. Creighton. 2d.-Ozark Poultry Yards. 3d.-Ozark Poultry Yards
 Pullets. lst.-Mrs. Wm. Creighton. Sd.-Mrs. Wm. Creighton. 3d.-Wm. Ross.
 Silver Laced Wyandottes.
 Breeding Pen. lst.-Ger. Gilmore. R. F. D. 1, Phoenix
 COckrels. Mrs. Nellie Brown, Phoenix
 Hens. lst.-Wm. Ross. 2d.-Wm. Ross. 3d.-Wm. Ross.
 Pullets. lst.-Wm. Ross. 2d.-Mrs. Nettie Brown. 3d.-Mrs. J. NJ. Fiks, Phoenix.
 Golden Wyandottes.
 @t Pullets. 1st.-Mrs, c. V. Shaw, R. F. D.. Phoe- nix.
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18

falo Bill hitched up his new wagon, won in the Indian race the day be- | fore. and was about to drive away. | when at the demand of the grand stand
 he was forced to go round the half
 mile track with his speedy team and
 the new wagon. receiving the while. the
 continuous cheering of the assemblage.
 The Cowboy relay race for two miles.
 was won yesterday by Bud Burris, his competitors. Tommy]3ice and Bert Bel
 lamy having each secured one of the former races, so they all quit friendly and evenly. The time was 4:54 1-2. and
 the event was a taking. one. This was
 followed by flag picking by oscar Rob- erts and Doc Goodin. the latter being declared the better
 HASSf TAMPA DAY.
 The Hassayampa Day events were under the direction of w. T. Barkley
 of Glendale. one of the best natured
 of men. who sought to get all the fun
 possible out of it. This program was worked off alternately with the racing
 events in front of the grand stand and afforded much merriment, Judge Phil lips. barred by his previous record as a show bird. acting as clerk. There was no trouble except in the baby events and there was lot of it in them, and it hasn't been settled yet. One was a contest for the prettfest boy baby, and there were several shown. The prize was a baby dress given by the New York store. It was demanded or Governor Kibbey that he pick the winner. He came forward, sized them up and said the key note of his policy was to eliminate discrimination. so he declared them all entitled to blue rib bons. In the baby girl event. pr. Stone was pressed in to do the King Solomon act. but gave the same kind of decision the governor did on the ground that he was too far from home 1 tO take any chances. The girl baby | was to receive a bonnet at the Goldwa- ! ter store, but there are ten of her. as | no choice was made. and Barry Gold 1 water is into 1t up' to his neck with no | relief in sight.
 Mir. and Mrs. w. l.. Osborn. the old | est married couple who have lived { longest continually in Arizona. got | the Talbot & Hubbard heating stove.
 Mir. and Mrs. J. A. R. Irvine got Massie's second hand stove and rocker | for having been married in Arizona and lived here the longest continuous \ Iy.
 A Stetson hat from the Boston store II and a cigar jar from Elvey & Hulett II went to Walter J. Davies of Globe old est native born son. age 36.
 Mrs. Charles w. Barnett. born in Il 1866. oldest native born daughter. got -he shirtwaist at Stein's and the pie .ure frame from the Arizona Cactus 70.
 The rug of the Doris -Heyman 70. went to the family of Tom Eden who presented four little girls for picture aking, who with the parents. form the 906 Roosevelt family.
 Thayer's razor went to w W. Bradshaw. declaIed the ugliest man in 1 Arizona.
 Wm. Settles got Goldberg's shoes i or the largest feet that could be found. {:
 The three little girls of the Freeman amily in Stafford. triplets. and all right, healthy looking little ladies. at 2 ended the fair with their grandfather. nd when placed on exhibition were 'iven five dollars apiece. If anybody 1 an beat Arizona on triplets, the field , B open.
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18

Cockerels. lst.-L. F. Orme-
 White Yokohamas.
 Hens. st.-Featherly Farm.
 Pullets. 1st.-Featherly Fam. Buff Cochins 1st.-Mrs. R. A. Warner 2d.-JOe Bush. PhOsni=.
 CocEerels. 1st--Featherly Farm. 2d--Mrs. R. A Warner. 3d.-JOe Bush.
 Pullets. 1st.-Mrs. R. A. Warner 2d.-Palo Alto Poultry Yards Special Hen and Chicks lst.--Mrs. R. A Warner.
 Best Pair Guineas. ist.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards.
 TURKEYS. White Holland Turkeys.
 Breeding Pen. 1st.-Mrs. Ralph Quinn. Ralph Quinn.
 Old Toms. May Utley. R. Quinn.
 Young Toms. Ralph Quinn. ed.-Mrs- Ralph Quinn.
 Continued on Pane '.
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18
THE RACES.

The free-for all- pacing race claim ed attention first. and when the card showed the names of Phalla. the New Hampshire mare. The Donna. owned by Mckay Of Pleasanton with DeRyder in the sulky, Derbertha of Eureka. Cal,
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18

2d.-Mrs c. V. Shaw. ! 3d.-Mrs c. V. Shaw. Partridge Wyandottes. Breeding Pen. | 1st.-Joe Bush. Hens. 1st.-Joe Bush. ! 2d-Joe Bush.
 Columbian Wyandottes. Cockrels 2d.-Columbian Farm. Redlands. Cal. Rhode Island Reds. Single Comb. Cocks. Ist.-A. B. Williams. Phoenix 2d.-L. M. Schenck, R. F. D., Phoenix.
 Cockrels. 1st.-Ed. F. Leonard. Phoenix. 2d.-Wm. Ross. Sd.-Raymond Satterwhite. Rhode Island Reds. Single Comb Hens. lst.-Ed. F. Leonard. 2d.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards. 3d.-Mrs L. NJ. Schenck.
 Pullets. 1st.-RaymOnd Satterwhite. 2d-Wm. Ross. 3d.-Raymond Satterwhite. RrOde Island Reds. Rose Comb.
 COckrels 1st-Raymond Satterwhite. Pullets. 1St-Raymond SatteIwhite.
 ASIATIC CLASS.
 Black Langshan.
 Pullets. lst.-Mrs. Nettie Brown. 2d.-Mrs. Nettie Brown. 3d.-Mrs. Nettie Brown.
 Light Brahamas.
 Cocks. 1st.-Mrs. W. E. Flaw. Fruitvale. Cal.
 Hens. 1st.-Mrs. w. E. Plaw. 2d.-Mrs. w. E. Plaw. ~ 3d.-Palo Alto Poultry Yards. Phoenix. MEDITERRANEAN CLASS.
 White Leghorns.
 Breeding Pen. lst.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards. 2d.-J. F. McClain. Tempe 3d.-J. F. Webber. R. F. D. ?. Phoenix.
 Cocks. lst.-C. B. Darlington Haywards. Cal. 2d.-Holmly House Poultry Yards. 3d.-J. F. McClain.
 Cockrels. 1st.-C. B. Darlington. 2d-J. F. McClain. Sd--Hy Schrader. R. F. D. |. Phoenix.
 White Leghons.
 Hens.
 Hens 1st.-C. B. Darlington. K. Wheat. House Poultry Yards.
 D,,I1 B. Darlington. Schrader. 3d. Holmbly House Poultry Yards White Leghorns. Rose Comb.
 Breeding Pen. Poultry Yards.
 Cocks. Poultry Yards. 2d.-H. Davidson. Phoenix.
 Hens Poultry Yards 2d.-Ozark Poultry Yards. Sd.-OzaIk Poultry Yards
 Pullets. Poultry Yards Poultry Yards. Poultry Yards.
 Brown Leghorns.
 Breeding Pen. Poultry Yards. Poultry Yards.
 Cocks. w. Peterson. 2d.-C. w. Alexander. Arlington. 5d.-Wm. Goodwin, Tempe.
 Cockerels. Poultry Yards. 2d.-C. w. Alexander 3d.-Daniel Harbecker, R. F. D., <, Phoenix.
 Hens. Poultry Yards. Poultry Yards 5d.-C. w. Alexander.
 Pullets Poultry Yards. Poultry Yards.
Arizona republican., 1906-11-18

Buff Leghorns. Cocks 1st.-Jno. NJ Weber.
 Cockerels. lst.-Mrs Nettie Brown.
 Hens. 1st-Jno NJ. Weber
 Pullets. 1st.-Jno. NJ. Weber.
 Blue Andalusian.
 Breeding Pen. lst.-Ozark Poultry Yards. 2d.-Ozark Poultry Yards. Sd.-OzaIk Poultry Yards
 Pullets. 1st.-OZark Poultry Yards. 2d.-Ozark Poultry Yards.
 Black Minorcas.
 Breeding Pen. 1st--HOlmbly House Poultry Yards. 2d.-Ozark Poultry Yards.
 Cocks. 1st.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards.
 COckerels. 1st-D. c. Warren. 2d.-D. C. Warren. 3d.-OzaIk Poultry Yards.
 Hens. 1st.-D. C. Warren. 2d.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards. 3d.-ozark Poultry Yards.
 Pullets. 1st.-D. c. Warren. 2d-D. c. Warren. 3d.-Ozark Poultry Yards
 Black Orpingtons
 Cocks. 1st.-Featherly Farm.
 Cockerels. Farm.
 Hens. Farm.
 Puilets. Farm Farm.
 Buff Orpingtons.
 Breeding Pen. House Poultry Yards. Poultry Yards. Sd.-F. A. Yetter.
 Cocks House Poultry Yards. 2d.-Holmbly House Poultry Yards. Sd.-W. M. Goodwin. Tempe
 Cockerels. & Co. Los Angeles. Farm. 3d.-Clinord Green.
 Hens. House Poultry Yards. House Poultry Yards. 3d.-Ozark Poultry Yards.
 Pullets. House Poultry Yards IAI sd. Washburn & Co.
 White Orpingtons
 COckerels. Farm.
 Pullets. Farm.
 Golden Polish. Cocks. C. c. Carrier. Red Caps.
 Hens. C. C. Carrier 2d.-Mrs,~ c. C. Carrier. 3d.-Mrs. c. C. Carrier. Silver Spangled Hamburgs
 Cocks. M. Weber.
 Cockerels. lst--Mrs. c. c. Carrier 9d.-Mrs. c. c. Carrier.
 Hens. NJ. Weber.
 Pullets Sd.-Mrs. c. c. Carrier. Cornish Indian Games. Hens. House Poultry Yards ,d.-Holmbiy House, Poultry Yards. Sd.-Mrs. Nettie Brown.
 Pullets House Poultry Yards.
 Bantams. Black Breasted Red Games.
 Cocks. lst.-Palo Alto Poultry Yards
 Golden Seabrights.
 Breeding. Pen. lst.-L. B. Orme. Cocks Ist.-L- B. Orme.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1906-01-04
To Test Water.

A test for the purity of water,
which can be easily applied and
which gives fair IDEA of the pres
ence or absence OF organic impuri-
ties, is made by using a solution of
permanganate of potash in the pro-
portion Of one grain to two ounces
Of water. Use this lest as follows:
Take long, clear glass, fill it with
pure or distilled water and add 10 it
as much of the testing solution as
will tinge it pink. Then do exactly
the same to glass of the water YOU
suspect and watch and compare the
colors Of the two samples. Ii the
pink color does not disappear or if
it does not turn brown in the sus-
pected water you may conclude that
it is safe to use it. If, on the other
hand, it disappears quickly probably
animal matter is present, and ii
slowly vegetable matter. In either
case the water is not above suspi-
cion.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1906-01-04
4 Progressive Institution.

Keeping pace with business development
in Minneapolis we find that educational mat
tiers have not been neglected. One Of the
largest educational Institutions. the Eclc.t tic
Business College. after years Of prosperity
has. by reason of its increased patronage
baen pushed into larger quarters.
The College is located in its new home at
the corner o. Third Avenue South and Fifth
Street. The location Is the best the city at
fords. being quiet corner in u refined Sec
ton.
The best faculty of business educators to
be procured will be in charge OF the various
departments, which includes Bookkeeping.
Shorthand, Typewriting. Penmanship. Tele-
graphy, Preparatory. Electrical Engineering.
Civil Service, Teachers and Physical Gull
ture.
An attractive feature will be n thoroughly
equipped gymnasium for both ladies and
gentlemen.
The large number Of graduates holding
responsible positions is u standing tribute to
the thoroughness OF the work. An Inspection
Of the new quarters discloses the fact that the
Eclectic will I've the best and most thoroughly
equipped commercial school in the North
west.
The fall term opens September eth. Any
young person interested in commercial work
should write the Eclectic Business College.
Minneapolis, for terms and catalog. 40
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1906-01-04
Early Use Of Tar and Feathers.

We learn from the English annals
Of the historian Hoveden, who was
court chaplain to Henry Ill, that
the old custom of tarring and feath-
ering is one that dates back to the
time of Richard the Lion Hearted.
He tells us that this renowned king
on setting out for the third crusade
made this enactment, among others,
for his fleet: "a robber who shall be
convicted of theft shall have his
head cropped after the fashion of a
champion, and boiling pitch shall be
poured thereon, and the feathers of
Z cushion shall be shaken out on
him, so that he may be known, and
at the first land at which the ship
shall touch he shall be set on shore"
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1906-01-04
A Triumph Of E,sm.nt.ry Edueatio.

The following little incident ham
pened in London suburb: a boot
makers apprentice, lad of about
fourteen, delivered pair of boots az
q bridesmaids house. The trades
mans wife, accustomed to orderly
business ways, asked the lad after
handing him the money for the
boots to receipt the bill. At this re-
quest the lad showed the greatest
confusion, SO that the woman to re-
assure him said, "Just receipt it as
matter of business" Whereupon
he wrote laboriously something on
the paper. In the evening when the
tradesman examined the papers ca
the spike lie came upon bootmah-
er's bill, at the foot of which was
written in large letters in schoo-
boy hand, 'As a matter of business.
It was the youthful apprentices lii
eral Interpretation of the deman /
for receipt as matter of business.
London Mail.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1906-01-04
SOUTH AMERICAN Poems.
60w he laberers Become the Slaves
Of the Planters.

esow He laberers Become the Slaves
Of the Planters.
OF labor conditions in South
America Frank Wiborg, author of
"a Commercial Traveller In South
America says: 3'The large planters
Of Ecuador complain that they lose
q part of their crop every year
through inability to get sufficient la
borers to harvest it. As in most
tropical countries, the question of
labor is most serious, for among the
lower classes the necessities of life
are so few and so easily obtained
that there is little or no incentive
for steady application. In Ecuador
the attempted solution of this is the
introduction of the same vicious
system which our government found
in force in the Philippines-namely,
peonage or debt service.
"To gain hold on the laborer the
planter offers him a small loan,
which he with characteristic inn
providence eagerly accepts with the
understanding that he is to enter
the service of the planter and pay
back the debt little by little. Until
it is paid he cannot enter the employ
of any one else. 1t is to the advan-
tage of the planter to keep the debt
unpaid, and it seldom happens that
q debt once contracted in this way is
ever Cancelled. Moreover, the debt
always grows, for fines are constant
ly checked against the laborer's ac-
count-if he misses a day or breaks
a tool-until it actually results that
the longer he works the more deeply
he is in debt.
sThen the various members OF his
family are drawn into the employ Of
the planter for the ostensible pur-
pose of helping to lift the debt, and
gradually they, too, become bound
body aud soul. The poems are not
slaves. This is vigorously asserted
on all sides. But they might almost
as well be slaves, for even if their
bodies are not purehasable their
debts are and through their debts
their services, and a planter desiring
the service Of a certain peon can set
it by paying the poems present en-
ployer the amount of his indebted
ness. This transfer of debt and
service is a common practice