davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1906-12-20

quill pen was in use long before the
time of St. Isidore, and remains that
have been found indicate that even metal
pens were not unknown to the ancient
Romans.
Practically all of the early literature
of the white races was preserved by the
monks, who used the quilts. St. Thecla
Of Isauria is said to have written out
the entire Scriptures without blot or
mistake and to have used one quill.
So firmly did the quill pen become inn
bedded in the affections of mankind that
the quilts of the gray goose still are
used in some of the English courts.
1t was not until toward the close of
the eighteenth century that experiments
were made in England, France and
America looking toward the manufac-
ture of metal pens. An interesting in
vention at such a time was the an
nouncement in 1909 by Joseph Bramah,
who fathered the idea of having a nib
and holder in separate pieces in place
of the complete quill. His machine cut
quilts into separate nibs, which were fas-
tened on to handles of metal, wood and
ivory.
The earliest record of the manufac-
ture and sale of steel pens was in 1903,
by Mr.. Wise. in London. These pens
were barrel-shaped and made as much
like a quill as possible; but they were
inhexible and unsatisfactory, until in
1890 Joseph elliott. of England, began
the manufacture of vastly improved
pen at greatly reduced prices. This pen,
with improvements and variations. is the
steel pen in use to-day. 1t is interesting
to note that the manufacture of steel
pens in the United States did not begin
until 1860, and the steel used in most
of the factories is imported from
Sweden, even to this day.
Gold pens first were made in 1895 u,
England, and in this country in 1855
First the points of the gold pcn{ were
protected by diamonds and rubi}s, but
in 1850 it was discovered that iridium
could be used as advantageously. espe-
cially if imbedded in the gold instead OF
soldered on, and would Be far less ex-
pensive. This principle is followed to
the present me. *
The fountain pen of to-day the most
perfect of writing implements, is the
development of the idea, expressed in
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1906-12-20

Romans, later on, recorded public docu-
ments on the wax-covered tablets OF
stone, bronze and wood, using the stylus.
They, too, used papyrus and reeds, while
parchment was somewhat used as well,
but the wax tablets, some even being
on ivory, were the favorites. In some
of the writings of Pliny reference is
made TO the use of rolls of lead and Of
linen, the stylus being used for the lead
and reeds for the linen. In the British
Museum there are many Greek docu-
ments, of the time of the Ptolemys,
written on papyrus with reeds.
The stylus of the old Greeks and
Romans generally was sharp-pointed at
the one end and blunt at the other, so
the latter could be used to erase by
smoothing over the wax the mistakes
of the writer. A stylus of that sort was
n formidable weapon of attack or de
fence, I'd Caesar used one when he was
attacked by his mutderers. stabbine
Casca in the arm At one time the use
Of the iron stylus was prohibited in
Rome because of its danger as a
~
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1906-12-20
VVNHE u Y
OLD DAYS n 80
THEY MADE
THEIR OWN PENS

Some of the ancient papyrus, known
to have antedated Herodotus, was writ
ten with reeds dipped in gum water col
ored with charcoal or SCOT of resin. The
ink OF the cuttleiish was also used. The
earliest use of the brush pencil, invented
by the Chinese, appears to have been
about zoo B. c., although China had a
literature long before that. The ancient
Assyrians used sun-dried bricks.
Some biblical references to writing
implements are confusing, as for in
stance, the. mention of an iron pen" by
Job. This; however, probably meant
graver of steel, serving to write on
stone or metallic plates. In the Book
of Jeremiah reference is made to bard
eping a pen point with Al diamond, say
ing, written, with a pen of iron and
with n point of diamond" Much the
same principle is followed in the. diianu
iactute Of the present day gold'pens for
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1906-12-20

m he bronze chisel OF the ancient
aos. used TO orve the hero
which constitute the Oldest
writings. to that modern ideal
Implement. the fountain pen, IS
1
3rscs one from the days OF mans
ior learning TO the prcscnt-day
tandard Of intellectually. although
tents who used the bronze chisel,
J. ne thcir successors who used the
The split reeds or the writing
,iould not in any way be con-
with the men OF savagery. for
possessed no mean abilities. and
|l through their crude and cum
u. processes, how keeniy they felt
reei for records by which the
.ec acquired by one generation
preserved for the next
a'e pen, What tgs sure store
.r hccn 10 the humr ace Truly
..n is mightier tl4.. the sword"
o.. ihr pen has been simplided
... lays Of It's direct ancestor, the
.Hscl, so has ~ value TO man
increased. As the stylus. used
HaN-coated tablets OF stone and
nd wood. was a wonderful step
PIT. slisel in the march OF improve
' was the quill pen of 50 many |
n still more wonderful step in
"a a.though destined TO give way |
"faiiyely recently 20 the steel
". ed pen and the fountain pen,
today is the acme OF perfection
+. way Of writing tool.
!. result Of this great chain of i'm
."'ni and development is found in
general education OF the masses of
I Whereas, in the days OF the an
Do was only the savant or the
artisan who could preserve
'.'sr and records for the then I'M
Today It is rare indeed to find
' 'T woman who cannot write and
''.' not write, every year, more
'.' Of the ancient savants could
''Ho in lifetime.
,''y some fault may be found
"' reference to the old Egyptian
''''els as writing" implements,
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1906-12-20
~
RoNAN = ~&
WRITING CD
IMPLEMENTS

even the early times, OF
pen and ink together. Fro!
Arabia came the earliest
gestions of the fountain .
now in the British Museui 3
The Arabian fountain pei
pearance of a sword or dagh
or sheath, and in reality Y Z
similar. The extreme upp /
cap is on a hinge, which q
reeds or quilts were cad
sheath, while the ink was 4
cup attached to the side
this cup or bulb some spcf
was inserted so as to help
of the ink and keep It
when carried at the belt
place much as a dagger. IA
fair is made of brass, richl
over the surface, and sim
ciple, if not in constructed
horns carried by the prog
The Japanese fountain y
the stem being hollow, "
the top to carry a sponge
ink. There was no attem1
to carry out this principl)
until 1870, when John Sha
a fountain pen with a resf
hollow, operated by a stud, I,
pressed by the thumb yieida.|
ink to the nib. Joseph Bras
several ideas for fountain
ing a hollow metal tube, Il,
ever, was so thin that it va y
out of shape, so that the
lowed to escape. AM
he patented in 1882, III
stantial tube, fitted witAoi
which was used to force
required after the barrel
by dipping the end of TIL
the ink and raising TIE
ing the outer case.
Several new ideas in
were brought forward d
ceeding years, bat, The pr
cumbersome. affairs, and
we're gscPing about large
Yntil, in 1881, L. f. Watd
the first fountain pen to
adaptation of an equally
principle, that of capill
Although this seems wor
now, it was revolutions,
and, with the improvement
made, It has resulted III
world an absolutely reliat
which is as near to perfed
day ingenuity can concef
Waterman Ideal, which: 3
name.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1906-12-20

but the classification cannot be cri,i-
ci7ed By any one willing to accept the
Darwinian theory. and thus recognize
the ape as the ancestor of man. Outside
Of the chisels, however, the earliest
writing instrument probably was the sly
lus. a pointed bodkin OF metal. bone or
ivory. which was used for producing in
cised or engraved letters. Then there
was the caamus. or asundo, made OF
the hollow, tubular stalks of grasses
growing in marshy lands. This was
the true ancient representation of the
modern pen.
Hollow joints of bamboo were SINH
larly employed and the use OF such pens
can be traced 90 a remote antiquity
among the civilized nations Of the far
east. where reeds and canes are in com
mon use as writing implements to this
day. From out Of antiquity has come
a principle, first shown in the split reed,
upon which every since made has
been modelled and 'hich nobody
has been able to in 1t forms just
as much a part Asthe modern foun-
tain pen as il formed part of the old,
clumsy and troublesome reeds.
Long before the days Of the reeds and
of the quilts, writers used the stylus, al
though il was varied in form and was
used in many different Mays. Monu-
ments of ancient Ninevah show the use
OF sunburned brick, the stylus having
been used to engra,e the fresh clay be-
fore the baking process was resorted to
for the preservation Of the Whiting
Papyrus was used ~ Egypt from re-
mote periods, the wiring being done
with the reeds, while j'ices OF berries
were used for ink The Nreeks ana the
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1906-12-20

II was the introduced of paper that
brought quilts into e|tence, and the
quill pen lived for mordhan thousand
years, the quilts of the bose and of the
swan being preferred lhe earliest spe-
ei6c allasion.in history b the quill. pen
occurs in the writings St. Isidore Of
Seville, who died 636 a d. Reeds also
were extensively used or many years
after quill pens were iitoduced. There
is reason to believe, h viewer, that the
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1906-12-20

Continued on NJ
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
Virginia Cattle Ranch.
to The Times-Dispatch.)

RADFoRD, VA. January H.-south-
west Virginia is coming more and more
to be recognized as a stock-raising coun-
try and her fame is by no means limited
to the confines of the home State,
w. B. Doak, well-known stock-raiser
Of Russellvile. Tenn, has purchased a
large boundary of land at Burk's Garden.
Tazewell county, and will convert 1t into
an extensive cattle ranch.
Mr.. Doak has already shipped from
Russellvi1le one OF the finest lots Of
short-horn registered cattle ever seen in
East Tennessee, with which to stock his
new ranch. Other short-horn stock will
be added, Mr.. DoalS proposing to do
business on large scale.
Among the fine cattle on the new ranch
is Nominee winner of the American
championship record. and one Of the most
celebrated bulls In the South. One of
Nominees calves recently sold at $500
on the block and another at "a months
old defeated the international champion.
ship bull "Ceremonious Archer" at tho
leading stock exhibit in 1902.
Mr.. Doak wifi reside at Burls's Garden,
but will continue to run his ranch Ma
plehurst.' six miles east OF Morristown,
Tenn.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
Danville Tobacco Report.
rRenorted by Dibrell Brothers,)

Especial to The TtmeS-Dlspatcn'l
DANVILLE. VA. JAN 2o.-The sales
have been larger this week than at any
time since the holidays. as the weather
has been mild and seasonable for hand.
ling tobaccos. Triple sales lasted TIL
o clock several days.
The character of the offerings is with
out any change worthy OF note. ana
a conspicuous absence of common aud
fine.
Tho market generally has been very
firm. with common and fine tobacco high.
Medium to good tobacco shows some
slight advance in prices, but are reason
bly, low.
have been decidedly active. and have
been making larger purchases than usual
for their export account.
There has been some movement In COM
mon and medium old dark mahogany
wrappers recently, but at very low prices
that entail considerable losses to the
owners. Practically all the old tohaccos
held here are common to good medium
mahogany wrapper. There Is very little
of even this kind held, but the prices
asked are quite low. There are very few
filters of any kind held. and practically
nothing at less than ten cents.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
Fluyanna Notes.

coIJmBIA, VA, January ai-Nil.
c,aoree shackelford and Miss Emma Mayo
~ pichmond. are guests Of Mrs a. y.
Richardson at the Cowherd house. -,
Miss Evelyn Bell was recalled from
p,chn,ond Saturday by tho sickness OF her
,,nther Mrs. A. o. Bell. ut Wilmington.
Messrs. George Huckstep and q. M. ~ 30
her attended the burial of Mr.. Elmer fil-
IN saturday, whose recent death q.
Freeport, ILL.,. has caused sincere restos
here. where he had many frienos. ~.
Mrs. /. s.. Wood, who has peehs ~ ~, NV
Virginia Hospital for treat1hen., - $50 m
proving rapidly and VIII soon re.u,,t . .n,,
Mrs. Isabel Willard continues a'''e s'oA
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
RICHMOND MAN WRITES
OF CANAL CONDITIONS
Mr.. H. A. ellis Sends Extract Of
Letter Received to the
White House.
(By Associated Press.)

WASHINGTON. d. c.. January 90
Concerning the conditions on the Amer
lean zone in the 1sthmus OF Panama. u
letter from II. a. Gillis. of the Ameri-
can Locomotive Company. OF Richmond.
Va, was made public at the White
House to-day containing an extract from
letter written by brother of one
of the employees OF the Richmond works.
In the course of the letter. the writer
says:
There have been only five cases OF
yellow fever in Panama since came
down on October 18th. and there, Is
scarcely any sickness among the CLERKS
In the general office. Panama has been
very much slandered by the discharged
men or those who came down for a
froIic and soon got homeslck and re-
turned. The climate is ercellent. It Is not
nearly as hot here as in Virginia The
temperature never goes ovr 30 and
under Co There Is less fever here
than there Is typhoid in any big city
In the States. Tho cost of living Is not
much above that in the States.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
PRAY As
STEAMSHIP RIDES GALE
Noordland Comes in Battered BY
Worst Storm She Ever
Experienced.
-(special to The Tlmes-pIspatch.)

PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 21-Battereo
and bruised by stormy voyage, in
which the waves rolled higher than tho
officers had ever seen them before. the
American liner Noordland reached her
dock at Washington Avenue yesterday.
So severe was the storm that nets were
stretched to protect the passengers from
being washed overheard during the few
days they could be on deck. OIL was
poured on the sens several times to
make tho big ship ride more easily.
Passengers prayed for deliverance. fire..
quently 100 being on their knees at ono
time
Many OF the passengers were Russian
Jews. fleeing from the intolerable condi-
lions at home. One of these was Jennie
schwartznan, whose parents We're killed
at Kishinev, and who came to make her
home with brother in this city.
Abraham Polovnick. with his wife and
fe,mlly of four, was another refugee. Flo
escaped from ODESSA by night and lay
for three days under q pile Of rubbish
before he could continue his way, lie
says the reports OF maasacres have not
been exaggerated,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22

that on the steamship on which the Col
onel sailed he had the most expensive
suite of rooms. costing him sLoC0, and
that before he left he dictated to his
stenographer one or more articles highly
complimentary to Mr.. Jones.
While Judge Deuel. denied specifically
to James W. Osborne, that he ever had
transacted any business for 'Fads and
Fancies'' or for Town Topics while he
actually was sitting on the bench. 1t Is
said Mr.. Wooster will go on the stand
and tell that on innumerable occasions
he went to the court where Judge Deuel.
was presiding and talked with him about
the AFFAIRS of "Fads and Fancies." The
defence. 1t is believed. will make no
motion to have the indictment against
Mr.. Hapgood dismissed, being confident
the Jury will acquit him after short de-
liberation.
WOMEN ELUDB SERVICE.
Searching diligently until the steam
ship sailed, subpoena servers, said to
come from the office OF the district at
torney, We're on the dock OF the Ham
burg-American line in Hoboken yester-
day afternoon for more than an hour be-
fore the outgoing Amerika backed into
the stream on her way TO plymouth.
Cherbourg and Hamburg.
On the revised passenger list OF the
few persons on the pier were the names
Mrs. .B. F. G." and Mrs. wv. G.. but
the most active inquiry failed to locate
the whereabouts of the two married
women who, 1t was stated, were wanted
ma witnesses in the Hapgood libel suit.
There were only a few persons VINO
knew of the presence OF the subpoena
servers for they made their visit known
only to the officers of the America. Here
rho only assistance that could be given
was In the way of locating the state
room purchased Whether the women
were from New York or Baltimore would
NOT be divulged by the men from me
d,strict attorneys Office, but they We're
evidently of both wealth and refinement,
ne they selected one Of the best rooms
in the Ship ,..
When former Mayor Low was inter-
viewed yesterday in his residence. NO.
20 west sxtieth Street. in relation 10
his anno,ntment of Judge Deuel. he stated
that he did not wish to discuss the mar, NAT,
ter and pleaded an engagement Wh'c''
would preclude giving any time TO u.
"Win you not set time to-tnorroS y,
when YOU can talk on the matter OF
Iudre Deuels appointment" was asked.
"No. do not care to say anytn'n y,
nor would I tomorrow" he said.
prefer that be left out OF the matter
entirely"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
oRMoNDIE,s SKULL FOR
THE BRITISH MUSEUM,

w. OBJ, Marlborough has presented
to the trustees of the British Museum
the skull and bones Of the great race
horse Ormonde, in the opinion OF many
good judges the hest horse OF the nine
tenth century.
The remains recently arrived in Eng
land in good condition, and are now in
the hands of the English preparator to
be mounted for exhibition In the hall OF
domesticated animals. which already
contains specimens OF several great
English thoroughbreds. including the
skull OF Ben d On. the sire of ormonde,
and the skeleton of Stockwell. of whom
he was l!neal descendant.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
Pleasures Various.

How different do the peoples of the.
earth take their pleasures! In u statis-
teal book Just issued in Madrid II Isl
estimated that for luxuries the Span
iards spend annually more than 500
100000. CT this sum s25,ooooc0 is for.
cigars and cigarettes. $c0,ouo.ooO for lots
terry tickets. sls,5oo,Ooo for bull fights. si2..
10000 for holiday making and ssl.ooo,0oo
to settle tho wine shop reckonings Pub
lIshed statistics concerning the riotous
living In Boston show that the natives
of that place are moro than ever de-
bauching Themselves with baked beans,
A Boston dispatch says; Last year they
spent on THAR favorite diet more than thu
cost OF two battleships. or s86ss, ga, Ac-
cording to the wholesale dealers. 8s,faa
barrels We're consumed In that psriod,
and the demand Ia increasing. ''--fIarpsr'a,,
Weekly. s4HI 49,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
Midwinter German.
Special to The Times-Dispa.ch

tSpeCIui 10 INe l11ueS-blspdtCll.)
FORT DEFIANCE. VA, Jan. 2l.-The
Cadets of the Augusta Military Academy
gave their mid winter german Friday
bbEh m a Tha ha @as re sseo
rated with arches of electric lights. Many
beautiful military figures were led By
Captain Charles S. Roller, Jr.
many brass buttons. created quite spec
tacuar and dazzling effect Most excel
lent music was furnished by the Scorpito
orchestra
d rrgt Z Roller With Miss Ds ayy
and unique agures. Those attending. were:
Mss caa1s ma t6nt and ~ ns seaEa
and Cadet Tiafer; Miss Daisy Good win. of
Charlotte, and Prof. T. J. Watkins: Miss
Magge Bell R9lier and S Cadet I,n Gardne 's;
Lavenla Bell and Cadet Rice: Miss Grace
Bell and. Cadet Ferris: Miss sallie Dudley
and CADET PaIe Miss Ruth Davis ua and
Cadet yeach; Miss Carrie Dudley and
Cadet Pyies; Miss Nancye MeSue and and
Cadet Cook: Miss Mamie Richey and
Cadet Hashall: Miss Gassaway. OF New
York city. and Cadet Nelson; Mss Mss Willie !I,nl
Miss Annie Sites and Cadet Lora: Miss
Lostie Sites and Cadet Hoffman; Miss Miss
Alice s;,Hs and Gade5 Blu, BuTds,te: Miss
Ruth Miller and Cadet Sites; Miss Anna
Blackburn and Mr.. Cyrus McCue: Miss
Margaret Byers and Cadet Brodie: Miss
Mary Beard and Cadet W. Gardner; Miss
Farris. Of Albemarle, and Cadet Parr:
Casper Stags-Captain C. s Roller. Jr.,
Prof. T. ]. Roller. Captain "; D. Pole
Mr.. w. Mccormick: Mr.. William LILY,
Hunter: McClung. DIR. Frank Crawford.
Mr.. Grattan Crawford. Dr.. Y. g. Whit
ton. Waddili. Stuart, Brightwell, McCon-
nell, sterrett. Tschudy, Barton. Ashby.
Richey, woodzell, Erwin, Price, Jordan
and Young.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
NEGRO KILLS HIS RIVAL
FOR FAYORs AT DANCE
Records of Prince Edward County
Chronicled Two Murders
Saturday Night.
Especial 10 The T1mes-pispa.ch.l

---0 Especial 70 Ihe TiMcs-Ulsp1IscHJ
FARAIVILLE, VA, Jan. I.--At party
given on Israel Hill. Prince Edward
county. last night. Peter Forbas shot
jim Walker, inticting a dangerous
wound. The ball entered Walkers stom-
ach, and his conditions is said to be seri-5,
Gus. Both are negroes. and it is reported
that the shooting was the result OF
jealousy over young woman who was
present at the time. Forbes was brought;
here this evening and lodged in Jail.
AT Rice Depot, Prince Edward county,
last night. Robert Booker. colored, snss
Charlie Brown. another negro. The ball.
entered Browns head. and he cannot
live. After the. shooting Booker fed, and
has not been captured
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
TRAIN KILLS father,
Mother, LITTLE BABE
Coal Train smashes into Vehicle
Containing Inflated
People.
Especial to The mes-Dispatcn'3

WASHINGTON. y. J.. Jan, 2l,--Walte OF
#w1niams. aged thirty-five years. who
.hos cbnrge of Millionaire Alfred sully's
mansion. near Hackettstown, returning
from Allamuchy tonight with Mrs. VII
5,,0n,s IN a team. was held up at High
street crossing of the Lackawanna Rail-
rooa on the Hackettstown road. by q
passing coal train, ~, -,
I Later they passed the gates' ana a'a
not observe the train contalhihs rul1toau
off,c!als coming. It struck the WusoA'
and both man and woman ana morse We're
cut to pieces, causing instant aeath.
The accident caused the D1rtn OF
ohi,d Mrs Williams being about to be
confined. The child is dead.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
closed to relatives. friends and officials.

closed to relatives. friends and officials.
These read simply: Ceremony at IL
O'Clock" These are small. plain cards of
the very simplest style. Neither the cere-
mony cards nor the invitations to the re-
ception bear the golden eagle so familiar
to all who receive invitations from tho
White House. This crest is for State and
official functions only.
The invitations will not be sent out until
next week, and It is understood there will
be additional cards cent out after the
wedding, announcing the date of the first
day ''at home OF the bride and BRIDE
groom.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-01-22
SOCIAL AND
PERSONAL
Be Careful What You Say.

Be Careful What You Say.
I'm speaking OF PERSONS faults,
Pray, don't forget your own
Remember. those with homes OF glass
Should seldom throw stone.
II we have nothing else to do
Than talk Of those who sin.
iris better to commence at home,
And from that point begin.
we have no right to Judge man
Until he's fairly tried,
Should we not like his company.
We know the world is wide.
Some may have faults-and who have
not2
The old as well as young;
Perhaps we may, for anght we know,
Have fifty to their one.
I'll tell you of better plan,
And find It works full we'll
To try my own defects to cure
Ere others faults j tell;
And though sometimes hope to be
No worse than some know,
My own shortcomings bid me let
Tho faults OF others go.
Then let us all when we begin
10 Islander friend or foe,
Think OF the harm one word may do
To those we little know;
Remember, curses sometimes, like
Our chickens "roost at home;'
Don't speak OF Others faults until
We have none of our own.