davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1906-03-02

heavy high explosive shells of the
Japanese exploded in the water
near the Russian vessels, they crack
ed the plates and opened great leaks. y
Similar effects were noted at the bonn
bardment of Russian ships at Port
Arthur. as recently explained in the
columns of this journal. At the long
er ranges. the shots that fell short,
but near the ships, would not explode
until they had penetrated several
feet below the surface, and were close
to the underwater surface of the
hull The Japanese higheXplosive
shell-filler seems to have acted with
the effect of mine, bulging in the
plating and causing serious leaks
along the seams. If this be tine case,
it might well happen that the shots
which struck little short of the ship
might be actually in the long run
more destructive than those that land
ed between wind and water. We be-
lieve that this problem has been given
special attention in the underwater
design of the DreadnOught Above
water the heavy armor has been car
ried right up to the upper deck. and
is nowhere pierced by classmates.
Another important innovation in
this new ship is the introduction of
steam turbines. There will be four
propellers on four shafts, and the es-
timated speed is q knots an hour. If
this speed is secured. the Dreadnought
should be practically invincible. and
a fair match for any other two ships
afioat. since she could choose her own
distance and position, and fight a
long-range action with her 12-inch
guns The great speed with which the
new ship has been constructed is due
to the desire of the Admiralty to sub
ject her to series of very thorough
tests before building any other ships
of her class. AS she was designed to
be launched in six months from the
start of work. and was actually launch.
ed in four, it is probable that she
will be completed within the estimated
period of eighteen months from the
laying of the keel. The significance of
this rapid construction is seen in the
potentiality of replacement it sug
yeStS if Great britain were engaged
in a lengthy war. There are a dozen
yards (including those of the govern
ment that could build one Or two
ships Of this class in about the same
time: and this would mean the ere
alton of a new battleship feet of {
dozen vessels in the period covered b!
| the japanese war.-Scientitic Amer
! lean.
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1906-03-02
Montana Editor is Dead.

Dillon. Feb. 28.-F. c. Kress, edi-
tor and proprietor of the Dillon Exam
liner, died suddenly here this morning.
Heart disease was the cause of death.
Mr.. Kress suffered an attack of the
disease last evening at $3.50 o'clock
while eating dinner at restaurant. At
that time DR.. w. V. Kingsbury was
called and attended him. The physi-
clan took Mr.. Kress to his rooms,
where he remained with him until af-
ter midnight. When he left Mr.. Kress
was much improved, and the physi'
clan considered him out of danger
Early in the morning the physician
saw light in Mr.. Kress' room, and
entering the apartment. found his pa
tient dead. The end had come while
Mr.. Kress was alone.
Mr.. Kress was Al years of age, and
native of Germany.
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1906-03-02

AS the number of institutions for
insane criminals increases the regu.
lar prisons will gradually disappear.
The jury system must be reformed
and jurors must be decntly paid SO
that it will no longer be considered
a punishment to serve on jury. In
this connection l may remind you of
the fact that as far back as in the
days of the old Greek republics jury
members were we'll paid.
When one remembers that Italy
alone spends 14O,O0O,0O0 lires annu-
ally on her prisons it will be seen that
the changes l have advocated will
mean a great saving.
For centuries the. trials and pun.
ishments of criminals were kind OF
free entertainment presented to the
people by the authorities.
need only remind of the tortures
with red hot irons, the whipping post
the cages erected in public squares, in
which criminals were exhibited. To-
day these forms of display have dis.
al trials. to which people flock as to
a theater, and which they enjoy as ii
they were a play on the stage, and
these awaken in many a certain desire
for notoriety. When such trials are
eliminated this desire for notoriety
will disappear and judges and public
selves in duty bound to pursue the
guilty. will change the idea of public
revenge into desire to cure the
results than punishment.-By Prof
Cesare LOmbrosO.
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1906-03-02
FEAR THE ANARCHISTS.
ltaly's Dowager Queen May Postpone
Visit to America.


New York, March 1.-The proposed
visit of the queen dowager, Margherita
Of Italy, on an automobile trip to this
country, announced some time ago
and confirmed by recent cable mes.
sages, may possibly be deferred &C.
cording to the Tribune today, on &C
count of certain anarchist meetings
held recently in this and neighboring
cities.
II was learned last night from
man who is in touch with diplomatic
circles in this country and in Europe,
that as soon as the news of Queen
Margherta's proposed visit was pub
llshed. activity was noticed in anar-
chistic societies in Paterson, n. j., and
Springfield. III. Information regarding
the meetings held by these anarchists
has been communicated to the Italian
consul in New York So far as could
be learned the anarchists did not ad
vocate any harsh measures against
the queen dowager. but it was thought
that great quantity of offensive PAM
pblets might be scattered all over the
country.
The only grievance against Queen
Margherta that the anarchists could
have it that she is the widow of King
FumbeIt. A friend of the queen dow
ager last night said that she never in
terfered with the government and that
she was the best queen in Europe.
II may be said on authority that if
the queen dowager should come to
New York. some of the best officers of
the secret service of italy will be sent
here TO assist the detectives now in
the pay of the Italian consulate of
New York
The queen dOwager will come to
New York incognto if she comes this
spring. and her name on the passenger
list will be the Countess of Moncali-
erl. Moncaleri is royal castle near
Turin, the birthplace of the queen dow
ager.
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1906-03-02
Evolution of Heat From Radum.

Prof. Angstrom. of Upsala. Sweden,
some time ago conducted certain eX.
periments with view to ascertaining
accurately the amount of heat given
by radium From these experiments
the evolution of heat was shown to re-
main practically constant during the
period of year, being independent
Of the nature of the surrounding me-
dunn. Thus it may be inferred that
the amount of energy given off in the
shape of beta and gamma rays con-
sttutes only minimal fraction of the
total energy
According to recent experiments by
Paschen on the same subject, the
Gamma rays would, however, consti.
tute more than half of the total en-
ergy evolved by radium. In view OF
this evident contradiction Prof Ang-
strom (see Physikalische Zeitschrift.
No. 21) again took up his experiments
with the utmost care and on a larger
scale. the experimental conditions be-
ing likewise altered. Though Herr
Pascnen has in the meantime found
his own results to be unreliable, an
account of these most recent expert
ments would seem to be interesting
owing to the importance of the sub.
ject; s6.5 milligrammes of pure rad.
ium bromide inclosed in a small metal
cylinder Were placed in the neighbor.
hood of another cylinder, with di-
mansions as nearly identical with the
first as possible. and which was pro-
tected against all heat effects This CYL
inder contained a small margarine
coil heated by an electrical current
The temperature of the cylinders We're
measured with great accuracy by
means of acknowledgements while the
amount of heat given off by the radi-
UNI was found by varying the current
traversing the margarine coil until
The two thermo-elements showed the
temperature of the two cylinders 10
be strictly identical The amount Of
neat given off by the coil tas detarmin.
ed by the current intensity and resis-
tancfI was then equivalent to that
evolved by the radium. and in order
10 eliminate any errors due to a lack
oi symmetry, the two apparatus were
repeatedly substituted for one another.
The heat evolution thus ascertained
was found 10 be exactly the same
whether lead, copper, or aluminium
cylinders were used. being 1.136 small
calorlea per minute for each gramme
oil radium bromide. The energy OF
both beta and gamma rays is accord
lngly quite immaterial, being at most
a small per cent Of the total amount
gwen OFF by the substance.
II The evolution Of heat from the rad.
ihm product Investigated by Angstrom
from September 1893, 70 January
1903, was found to undergo no alter
atoms worth speaking Of throughout
T thls interval, the mean value according
10 earlier determinations for the per.
ioa from September, 1903 10 April,
l l9o4' being LA small calories per min.
+ ute. or $50 small calories per hour.
0 loi each gramme Of radum bromide.
me heating effect Of radum Is thus
= SHOWN to be due either to the interna al
i colilslon OF the alpha particles fine
It a'ins force of which seems to be suf.
4 hclent to bring about rather decided
&C ehects' or to some other agent. which
lie Is different from the three cIasses y,
ii rays.-scientific American.
lie hIEYSKVNNEYCmpr
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1906-03-02

Latin countries almost shudder at the
very idea Of such places.
To be sure there are even in Eng
land and Australia no lack of habitual
criminals, which shows that the re-
forms are mainly useful against the
chance criminals, but less effective in
tae cases Of the born criminals VINO
form the great majority of the habit
nal criminals
II 10 the institutions already exist
ing were added institutions for Grim
mails Who refuse TO reform, and if the
insane criminals were kept for life
in warehouses;. and the born Grim
! malls deported 10 far away islands. the
number OY habitua criminals would
rapidly diminish. and at last entirely
disappear.
| now think that | dare make the
statement that IL the ideas of my
school are adopted and social reforms
carried through on all points, crime
would at last cease to exist
This, Of course. can not be carried
through in one day, great number
of reforms must gradually be adopted
and our whole judicial system mus
undergo certain changes.
The home for orphans and deserted
children. which are now few and fal
between, must take care OF every chile
Ia need Of Il home, and public places o.
amusement must be provided to give
The stimulation which people nov
ssek In liquor
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1906-03-02
Clears the COMPLEXION.

Orino Laxative Fruit Syrup stimu'
lates the liver and thoroughly cleanses
the system and clears the complexion
of pimples and blotches. 1t is the best
laxative for women and children as
it is mild and pleasant, and does not
grippe of sicken. Orin0 is much SUI
perior to pills, aperient waters and all
ordinary cathartics as it does not IT.
ritate the stomach and bowels. Will
son & Lewellin. FO.
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1906-03-02
A safe Cough Medicine for Children

In buying a cough medicine for chill
dren never be afraid to buy Cham
berlain's Cough Remedy. There is
no danger from it and relief is always
sure to follow. It is especially valu-
able for colds. Group and whooping
cough. For sale by all druggists. Oh.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17
GOVERNORS FAVOR
 REDUCING RATES
BELIEVE IN INNOCENT FARE ON STEAM RAILROADS IN THlCkLY POPULATED STATES-WEST IS NOT READY.

Harrisburg, September 16.-S. M. Will Hams. secretary of the Pennsylvania state Board of Trade, today made public copies of letters received from the governors of several states on the movement to obtain uniform legislation throughout the United States for a 2-cent maximum fare on all steam railroads. MT. Williams recently communicated with the governors of all the states with a view of obtaining their sentiments on this question.
 A number of the governors are person. ally favorable to a 2-cent fare, and in a few instances they tell of the movements in their states to obtain the passage of such Legislation by the legislature.
 Governors of some western state say that becaue of the sparsely settled condl- tion of their states. the time Is not yet ripe for radical reduction of fare, but that such a reform will come about when the population increases.
 The western governors express their ap- proval of the movement so far as it ap- plies to the thickly populated states of the east.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17
TRUST ROOSEVELT
 ID SETTLE TROUBLE
Frenehmen Take Optimistic
 View of Cuban Situation
VIEWS OF PARISIAN PRESS
Does Not Believe That the United States Government Has Designs to Annex Cuba-cites Phll-
 lpplnes as Deterrent.

Paris. September 16.-Biyely interest IS manifested here over President Roose- velt's decision to send Secretary of War Taft and Acting Secretary of State Ba- con to Cuba, and many of the newspapers jump to the conclusion that this will sound the knell of Cuban independence.
 In responsible circles. however, right Of the United States under the treaty with Cuba to restore order Is recognized, but there is no disposition to impute to the Washington government desire to seize the occasion to annex the island. Never theless it is thought by some persons that even if the wise counsel of Pres ident Roosevelt is followed and the rival factions temporarily bury the hatehet' there will be an early recurrence or ln- surrection which will compel ultimate an nexation.
 The Temps which frequently reflects the views of the foreign office, says that while American interests, in the belief that they are injured by the commercial tre- aties Cuba has negotiated with other powers, undoubtedly hope the present embroglio will secure annexation the po- sition of the government IS very re- served.
 .'President Roosevelt is man or honor who will keep his word" the Temps says. "He gave liberty to Cuba and will not take the first opportunity to withdraw It. Besides he Is man of experience and knows what possession of the Philippines cost. and continues to cost the United States Cuban, as citizens or subjects, are not easy to govern. Unless the unex- pected happens, it is safe to affirm, there fore. that America does not contemplate laying violent hands on the island, but only intends to safeguard American in- terests, and demonstrate to the Cubans that it will be matter of hours If 1t desires to impose its will.
 Ut probably will require the appear ance of American warships to induce the Cubans to accept President Roose- velt's excellent advice. But unfortunately a settlement of the political difficulties will not be definite, and the Cubans, who during four years have surprised Europe by their prosperous tranquility, will re- turn to their old vice. Such relapses are rarely isolated. This Is a grave feature of the situation, and one we deplore in a people who always have received French sympathy and friendship"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17
CELEBRATE
 NATIONS NATAL DAY

Mexico City. September 16.-The national holiday in celebration of the anniversary of the independence of Mexico was ob- served in most enthusiastic manner in this city today
 The decorations of the business houses, banks and residences were on an even more elaborate scale than heretofore, and the crowds which eongregated in the parks to listen to the band concerts and those who participated in the grand civic parade, numbered several thousands. Tho parade was three hours in passing given point. where It was reviewed by President Diaz. Vice President Corral, members of the senate and chamber of deputies, the diplomatic corps and prominent citizens. a stand having been erected for this pur- pose on one of the principal streets.
 President Diaz opened congress tonight and delivered his annual message.
 The utmost tranquility prevailed In this city, not a single arrest having been made. The saloons have all been closed since yesterday at noon, a preeaution taken by the municipal authorities to circumvent a possibility of trouble.
 Reports from all points throughout tho coutnry including the cities of Monterey saltillo, San Luis Potosi, Tampico, Tor reon and hundreds of smaller towns show that not the slightest disturbance marred the celebration. Patrlatic speeches was a part of the programme in the majority of the towns and cities, platforms having been erected in most instances on the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17
BRYAN EXPLAINS
 RAILROAD VIE WIS Writes Letter to Governor Varda- man of Mississippi PUBLIC OWNERSHIP CURE Nebraskan Says This Is the Only Remedy for Corruption by Rail-
 road offIclals-stands by
 New York Speech.

Jackson. Miss, September 16.-In a let ter to Governor James K vardaman, re- eeived today, William j. Bryan declares that the main thing which led him to be- iieve in the government ownership of railroads was the corruption in politics brought about by private ownership.
 You may not have had the same ex- perence in the south.'' Mr. Bryan says In his letter, but we have seen a rail- road attorney sell his conscience as well as his brains to the railroads we have seen him packing conventions. nominating judges and distributing passes to further the railroads present interest. l have reached this conclusion, that we cannot stop this corruption by anything short of government ownership of railroads.
 T first made this statement two years ago, and subsequent experience has deep- ened my conviction
 The letter was relative to a statement given out by Governor vardaman in which he stated that he would prefer private ownership of railroads with proper gov ernmental supervision. but this failing, he would favor government ownership, which MT Bryan declares not subject to criticism from his viewpoint.
 Continuing. the letter says:
 You are right In saying I prefer pri- vate ownership if I thought private own ership consistent with pure politics and justice to the public. I came reluctantly to my present position, and I believe that you and other democrats will be brought reluctantly to the same position. As for the party, it can only act when the voters are ready to act, and 1t Is impossible at this time to say how far public opinion will support the suggestion have made. "
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17
EMPHASIZES GO ON
 SHAKE DOWN CRUISE
In Case of Emergency Fleet Will Be Ordered to Havana Har-
 bor.

Washington, September 16.-It was an nounced at the navy department tonight that the battleships Louisiana. Virginia and New Jersey have been ordered down the Atlantic coast on a. shake-down cruise. and that they have been directed to keep in touch with the government at Wash ington by wireless telegraph, and If neces- sary In the event of an emergency aris- ing they will be sent to Havana.
 It was also stated that the cruisers Ta- coma and the Cleveland have sailed from Norfolk. Va, and that the cruisers Min reapolis and Newark will follow them. The Minneapolis and Newark carry about TOO men altogether. and the Tacoma 150. Should all these vessels go to Havana the navy would be able to land a force of 4000 men in Cuba by Wednesday or Thurs day if any developments should occur rendering such action necessary.
 Final instructions will be given the Cleveland and other vessels when they reach Key West. The Cleveland sailed from the Norfolk yard yesterday, while the Tacoma left there today. The Louis lana and Virginia left Newport yester- day after hurriedly coaling. The New Jer- sey sailed from Boston.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17

main plaza, or in front of the municipal building.
 A most noteworthy event in the eelebra- ton of the day occurred in the city of San Luis Potosi. one of the largest in Mexico. being the capital of the state of the same name.
 One of the speakers referred to Presi- dent Roosevelt, and spoke of the binding friendship existing between the two eonn- tries and then referred to the part played by the Presidents of the sister republics in bringing about peace between Hondu- ras Guatemala and Salvador during their recent trouble. Upon concluding his speech the thousands of people present burst out in mighty roar of ''vlvas' for Presidents Roosevelt and Diaz
 The demonstration was perhaps the first in the history of the country made In favor of a foreign president.
 San Luis Potosi has a good-sized Amerl- can colony, it being the center for both the National and Mexican Central rail- roads, and the good feeling displayed by the citizens of Mexico on their national holiday towards the Americans and their president, is considered as one of the best indications of the lack of any foreign feeling on the part of the citizens of this country for their northern neighbors.
 Reports have not been received concern ing the manner of carrying out the eele- bratfon in the southwestern part of the republic, but in the absence of any news the authorities are convinced that tran quilty prevails, otherwise they would have received news of some kind by this time.
 The merry-making continued In this capital until after midnight.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17
MEXICO WANTS RAILROAD.
Government Seeks to Acquire the
 Mexican Central.

Mexico City September 16.-It is gener- ally understood that one of the principal obiectg of Finance Minister Limantour trip to Europe is to bring about the ac- ausition of tine Mexcan Central railroad by the Mexican government. This sup position is strengthened to a considerable extent by the fact that Vice President Ricahrds of tue Central has also gone to Paris
 The acquisition of the railroad is thing which would have great political signifi- canoe. as it i3 believed this is the only way that tne roads can be regulated in order to avoid discrimination in the mat ter of rAles
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17
Cruisers of for Cuba.

Norfolk. Va. September 16.-The cruis- CTS Cleveland and Tacoma, from the navy yard here, with several hundred men. in addition to two drafts of marines from Boston and League Island passed out of the Virginia Capes today en route to Cuba.
 The Cleveland left the navy yard yes terday afternoon and dropped anchor in Hampton Roads to await the departure of the cruiser Tacoma. The Tacoma left the navy yeard at 3 o'clock this morning and passed out of the Capes at o'clock this afternoon.
 The Cleveland went up at ? o'clock
 The wind at the Capes was blowing thirty-six miles an hour from the north east, and there was heavy sea- Although staunch vessels sought shelter in Hamp- ton Roads to await the end of the storm. the Tacoma and Cleveland headed for the sea.
 draft of marines from League Island arrived here this morning. and was signed to the Tacoma. Two hours later the cruiser was steaming out of the har- bor for Cuba. draft of marines from Boston also arrived today and was as- signed to the cruiser Newark, which is still here, but making every preparation for an early departure.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1906-09-17

Seattle, Wash. September 16.-capt. Ronald A. Mundsen, diseoverer of the Northwest Passage, reached Seattle yes terday on the steamship Saratoga from Nome He was met by a committed Of the chamber of commerce, and the local Norwegian society. Owing to his desire to reach the government observatory at Sitka in order to complete his magnetic observations, Captain Amundsen sailed for Sitka on the steamer Jefferson a short time after his arrival.
 My observations extend over a period of three years, and 1t will take three years to calculate them out" said he. Until that time 1t is utterly impossible to say