davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
VILLA Of BORGIAS
INVOLVED IN SUIT
Cardinal HOhenlohe'S Heir
Claims Portion of Arch
duke FranZ'S Heritage.

PARIS. Nov. 24.-The magnificent Villa
d Eastc. near TivoH, in italy, which was
built by a son of LuCrezia BOrgid, is
the subject of n coming lawsuit between
the heir OF the late Cardinal Hohenlohe
and the Archduke Franz Ferdinand,
crown prince OF Austria-HurEary.
Cardinal Hohenlohe found the villa
forty years ego in a state of dilapidaiiOn
and neglect, and he arranged with the
owner, the last Duke of Modena, that
the latter should loan the mansion TO
him on condition that he undertook all
maintenance and repair expenses
The cardinal spent about $4,000 on the
villa. Afterward the Duke of MOdena
tried 10 sell the villa. and, agreed that "a
third OF the price should be handed 10
Cardinal HOhenlOhe rs a recOmpcnse for
his restoration Of the place.
The Archduke Franz Ferdinand inner
ited the villa a Ia ste. and the cardinals
heir is now suing him for $4,000, part of
the money sTent upon it,
The villa is an ideal specimen Of Ital-
ian Renaissance architecture. command
ing e marvellous view of the Roman
Campagna and surrounded by a garden
with fountains. waterfalls. ancient stat
ues and cypress trees
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
FRANCE TO ABOLISH
THE DEATH PENALTY
Great Criminal EXpertsA Agree
on Proposition With the
Government.

PARIS, Nov. 24---France is about TO
abolish capital punishment. Executions
have recently become extremely rare IN
France. and there has been no guillo-
timing in Paris since 1859.
Two great criminal experts, Goron
and Jaume. who were head and chief IN
spector respectively Of the criminal de
tective department agree with the gov
eminent ia proposing 10 abolish the
death penalty.
Murderer" says NJ. Jaime, make
al light OF the guillotine as Of their
victims. They invariably speculate on
the indulgence OF the courts. and II the
worst comes il is over IN three minutes.
They do not cling TO life. and their
only care Is 10 make a plucky show On
the scanold."
Far from preventing crime By the
guillotine. the French police find that
murders have increased TO an enormous
extent recently but this may be due
10 the readiness shown by Presidents of
the republic TO sign pardOus for con-
demned prisoners.
As an alternative TO the guillOtine, NJ
Goron suggests life sentence. during
which the criminal should be closely
confined and have no hope Of release.
This should be a more effective deter
rent 10 the reCklessly criminal
Apache"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
.PARISIENNES WEAR
MEMS TROUSERS
Several French Women Who
Have Adopted the
Garment.

PARIS. Nov. 24-Apropos of the dis
covery that a police officer at Seville.
Spain, who was accidentally injured,
was woman. it is pointed out that
there are several women in France who
FOR professional reasons. have been Off
ciaIly granted. permission TO wear mas
culhe dress.
The late Rosa Bonheur obtained per
mission 10 dress as man when attend
ing horse fairs and abattoirs to make
sketches for her famous animal pic
lures
A woman journalist has this privilege,
which has also been granted TO a woman
who deVotes herself to exploration.
Nine due Cast the intrepid horsew0-
man and friend OF the Moorish brigand
Ralsui has appeared I'm bifurcated gar
ments' Wnlch are more like masculine
oreeches tnan The ordinary ''blooIners. 80
Ihere Is also woman sculptor in
Paris. who elects Ia wear trousers and
Is 10 be seen on the bouIevards every
morning walking with her dog
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
President of French Re-
public Cannot Over
come DrOWSlneSS.
MODS In HIS COUNCILS
Events in Morocco Demand
a Vigilant Man at Gov
ernmentS Helm.
By THE MARQUIS DE CAcTELLANE.

PARIS Nov. An Fallieres, who is,
I must humbly acknowledge, much less
famous in the world than MI ROose-
Welt, is acquiring an unusual reputa-
ton. ana it viii manifest itself very
shortly by the press resignation. This
excellent man. the "bonhomme Fal-
Heres" as he is called. is martyr TO
the sleeping sickness.
To what extent ! do not know, but
what Is certain is that whether be ne
al home at the EIysee. at council OF
ministers. or at the opera. in a very
few minutes the President begins 20 nod
and fan on the shoulder OF Mr. Ciemen-
ceau. the first minister, or of madame
Fallieres.
1t is rumored ia political circles that
the new President OF the republic thinks
OF passing the reius OF office over 10
another hand. The events IN Morocco
and the generally unquiet state OF Eu-
rope need "a yigilaut man al the French
helm OF state, and one whose eye is al
ways awake.
NJ FauieTes sees this need, and finding
himself unable 10 master his tendency
10 sleep, thinks very seriously of re-
signing He is "a good French patriot,
and does not shrink from passing his
responsibility over 90 another in pref
erence 20 dischargIng IL badly
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
ENGLISH INCOME TAX
TO DRIVE OUT YANKEE

LONDON. Nov. THE London rep
resertative OF an American business
hrm-TheOdOre RJssey-has just enter
cd a formal protest against the income
tax which is levied on '-dOmiciled" for
eiguers. They swooped down on him
this year. and, despite the plea that
none Of his money comes from English
sources, payment was demanded.
Mr. Bussey now threatens 20 move bis
office 10 Paris Il sell nothing In Eu-
rope" he said Il only buy here and
/ can do my business just IS we'll Ia
Paris. ] shall close my office and send
my clerks and typisJ 10 swell the ranks
OF your unemployed Mr.. Bussey' =
threatened course OF action IS likely 20
cause considerable sensation here.
Many Americans will agree with and
support his protest
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
NEWS AND GOSSIP FROM THE CAPITALS OF THE OLD WORL
COURT BARS MAN
FROM USING NAME
Two De Plancys' Dispute
Ends in Defeat for Dan
tons Descendant.

PARIS, Nov. 24.-What right has a
man to his own name is the question
which the French courts have lust had
20 decide. ri. Augustln de PIancy IL a
French diplomat
NJ. Colin de Plancy Is another. and the
former objects TO his namesake making
use Of the name dc PlanCy. which he
holds as his exclusive property The
case Is or Particular interest In Paris.
where certain persons show a f0ndnesE
for surreDtuously inserting d de" into
their names.
M. Colin. who is a great great-nepliew
or the famous revolutionary leader Dan
ton, said he had always uCed the name
de Plancy, because his fOrefathers had
done so. Plancy being the name Of the
place where the family name originated.
He did not contest the justice of II
Augustin de Plancy's claim to the
naE.e. The civil tribunal had decided
that II. Colin is in future C. call himself
Colin solely and simply
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
FAT MEN, BEWARE
Of AUTO SPEEDING
Partisan Physician Declares
Motoring Dangerous to
the Stout.

PARIS, Nov. 2l-The medical aspect
of aGtomobilism is. thus SET forth by
Or. Legendre the famous physician:
THE automobile should be forbidden
in cases Of tuberculosis with fever, con-
gestiOn OF the lungs and liver. and gas
tric ulcer The effect is good in certain
skin affections. where rapid passage
through the air produces vaso-c0nstrie-
tion, followed by vasO-dilatIou when the
exercise is over
Auto exercise has improved cases OF
cmphysema. nervous asthma. chloTosis.
certain elementary affections, including
GastralgIa, anorexia, and chronic con
stipatiOn.
i would urge the avoidance Of auto
mobile Journeys by patients suffering
from vaTicOse veins, epilepsy, alcohol
ism, and obesity. IN certain forms OF
heart disease. too. acute exercise is TO
be avoided. as with such patients the
results may prove serious"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
KAISER'S VOICE
IN A GRANOPHON
Dr.. Scripture Of Smithsonian
Institution Obtains War
Lords Permission.

BERLIN. Nov 24.-Americans will
soon be able 10 hear Emperor william :
voice in the gramophone. His majesty,
last March, granted an interview 20
the well-knowT american scientist, DIT.
Z. W. Scripture, a member OF the
Smithsonian Institution. who was de-
puted by the National Museum 70 Cd
tain a record OF the imperial voice on
q gramophoue cylinder The Kaiser
consented 20 speak for the occasion, but
only under the expressed condition that
no public use should be made Of the
record during his lifetime
Mr.. Scripture consented 10 this pro-
vlso, but he had not counted on the
insistence Of America as. and. yielding
10 pressure brought on him. he has
again appealed 10 the ruler OF Ger
many. who has finally consented that
his voice shall be allowed to be heard
during his lifetime
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
KAISER'S CHANCELLOR
TO BE PICKED ORATOR

BERLIN. Nov. 2l.-The Kaiser will
choose his next chancellor from the
minister who makes the best speeches
in defense of the government during
the coming reichstaE session.
Prince Won BueloW must soon retire.
as his health has completely broken
down, and tho Kaiser wishes for his
successor "a man who Is rs able a de-
batter as the present chancellor.
After each of the ministers has been
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
JAPAN BUYS PICTURE
PAINTED BY LAURENS

PARIS. Nov pa picture by the
French artist Lsurens. the Death Of
Mareeau,. has been bought by Japan.
This picture sold at the sale Of the eff
fects of tine late NJ Jaluzot. former di-
rector Of the great city dry goods store.
lie PriuJemps.' for much less than its
value. II was offered TO the French
government. but was not accepted.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
M. BRAND WANTS STATE
TO RUN PRIMARY EDUCATION

PARIS. Nov 2i.-M. BRAND. minister
for education, proposes to mira W.. se1
shortly a measure which viii give ~,
state monopoly ia the matter az nj
mary education This is a sequence ~
imp 7T,ant Paris paper has issued 81
apr i to the parents of children ash
! ing them 10 protest against this measure
as an act of tyranny on the part OF
NJ. BRAND
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
$3.50 Patents

Snapplly styled patent
colt, cloth top Button
Boots in qualities that
are $3.50
every sys5y- S1.05
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25
$3.50 FASHION,

College Cut patent
colt, duh kid top Button
Boots-retaiied general
y at S3.5O-weTe secured
by as at such a low ag-
IRE that we
can afford q n n
10 sell them > nh
at .r-.s-.-s. - -
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1906-11-25

given q chance of distinguishing himself
in the house tho most skillful will BE-
come the EmperOT's favorIte candidate
FOR chancellor.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

ceeded last year in giving the Amer
leans control of the city. but he can't
mislead enough Democrats this year
to give them the county. Something
better than a How old is Ann?" prob
lem is needed to save the Republican
ticket, and that something is not forth
coming this fall.
The Republican ticket is hopelessly
demOraliZed. the party has lost and is
still losing strength, and every day
makes the fact palmer. The people OF
Salt Lake county will have either an
American" or a Democratic county
administration for the next two years:
if they vote the Republican ticket it is
just half vote for the Americans "
They realize it, too, and they are not
going to waste any votes as they did
last fall when they voted for Lynch:
they'll plump straight for the Demo-
Gratis this time.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
Yesterdays Record at the Local Of
flee of the Weather Bureau.

Maximum temperature. 81 degrees: min
imum temperature. AZ degrees: mean tenn
perature 50 degrees. which is degrees
above normal; accumulated excess of
temperature since the first Of the month.
s degrees; accumulated deficiency of tenn
perature since Jan. l. 217 degrees Total
precipitation from p. m. TO D. M 60
inch; accumulated excess of precipitation
since the first of the month. 81 inch: ac-
cumuiated excess of precipitation since
Jan. 1. $50 inches. Relative humidity. So
at 8 o. m.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02
SILVER'S STEADY RISE.

The recent advance in the price OK
silver, which has been so gratifying to
the miners of the west, has finally i'm
and some of the larger dailies are de-
voting considerable space to explana-
tons of the cause. The Cincinnati In
quirer. for instance has quite a lengthy
contribution on the subject from Hol-
land, it's correspondent, In which he
says:
"A day or two ago one of the great
silversmith corporations, not merely Of
the United States, but of the world. in
delivering TO purchaser a chest of sill
verware bought two weeks earlier,
valued at $500, said to the purchaser
that he was fortunate in his choice Of
time, for had he waited a week he
would have been compelled TO pay
nearly $50 more for the beautifully de-
signed present of silverware which ne
had come sudden appreciation the re-
ply was that the price of silver bullion
the world over is increasing, and had
recently So considerably increased that
the silversmiths had been compelled to
make an advance in the price, the sec
Ond they have made within year
80, too. the director of the mint has
| discovered that with the United States
government bidding for silver the price
Of the bullion constantly increases. and
/ so steadily increases that there are
even some who expect to see within two
/ or three years the market price of sill
yer bullion in excess of 81 an ounce.
Should il rise as high as $1.29. then sill
yer would be approximately on a par
with gold at the ratio of 16 to 1.
Director Roberts and the silver
smiths and the government of Mexico
all understand this new condition. The
production of silver has not increased
relatively with the production OF gold.
The demand for silver i'm this country is
in part due to the great purchases of
silverware which increased wealth has
made possible and the need of silver
bullion so that our stock of subsidiary
coin may ne replenshed. And from
the far east especially China. there
comes an almost stupendOus demand
for silver, so great. i'm fact, that it has
been found in Mexico necessary. and
will be so found in the Philippines. tc
reduce somewhat the bullion value that
is in the coin, else the coin will be ex-
ported, being worth more as bullion
than as COIN
As a demonstration of the contention
for free silver by the west. the effect
of governmental purchases has beer
conclusive enough to satisfy most peo-
pie. Even the comparatively small ac-
cumulatiOns taken from the open mar
ket by the mint affected the price mos
favOrably and at the present increast
in gold production with its consequent
effect on commodity prices it is no
impossible some financiers will begin t
discuss the limitation of gold coinage
if they are logical.
Meanwhile the silver mines of Utaf
as well of the neighboring states ar,
enjoying their share of the benefits &C
cruing from the rise in bullion with
prospect of still further gains in tn,
near future. With copper at the TOT
notch. gold flowing freely from old anC
new producers. silver advancing stead
lily and the other metals in big demand
about as comfortable as it could be-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

By the time the Republicans get
through exposing American graft and
the Americans" have finished their
discussion of Republican crookedness.
the public ought to be thoroughly con-
WINGED that the Democrats are needed
in office TO clean up both sides OF the
county building.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02
MARRIAGE LICENSES.

3iS2-Harry A. Trenholm. Denver
Eleanor White. Salt Lake.
3fs6-Frederick ]. Warburton. Beatty
New.
Olive l.. Osborne Beatty. New
3S7-Edgar Johnson. Salt Lake.
Mary Robinson, Salt Lake.
31SS-Joseph A. Lloyd, Sandy.
Ada Newbold. South Jordan
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

It's fortunate for the Republican
lightning calculator that election day is
less than week away: no common hu-
man intellect could stand the strain he
is under much longer.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

1t seems strange, but there is no rec
ord that any of the apostles of the New
Testament ever offered to bet on po-
litical proposition.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

To say that Salt Lake is growing
because it has an American mayor
and city council, would be like saying
New York is the biggest city on the
continent because Tammany controls it.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Talking of bets, 1t Will be recalled
that Colonel Loose and other sanguine
machinists invested several thousand
dollars in Republican predictions last
fall-and they are still invested
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Mr. Hearst is claiming to be the real,
original American. Some one ought TO
tell him he is infringing on the copy
right of the Utah patriots"
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

II those senators keep on talking
about each other they're likely to say
something yet.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

The Boys School Shoe ques-
ton Is up again,
Don't sigh.
It's 3 hard proposition, re
know. but we're sure we've
mastered it.
We've given the subject
great deal Of thought.
We decided that it was inn
possible TO keep a strenuous
boy in bed or tie up his feet,
so the only thing left to do
was to buildN Shoes that would
stand the racket.
This we have had done.
Our Boys Shoes are from the
best of Calf Skins. double
soled, stayed outside and in
side. Nothing omitted that
would add to their durability.
Still, they're not clumsy. but
good looking. stylish Shoes.
Much cheaper in the end than
the bargain" sort
$50, $1.75 to $500 or $3.50.
according to size.
Nz ;z:4z s!,.:z5
100 Main Street.
Phone 548 k.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02
RU M MAGE SALE

At First Congregational church, corner
First South and Fourth East, Saturday
morning. 9 o'clock.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Possibly the American" party claims
credit. also, for the advance in the price
of silver.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Or. eroadnent's
Depta, Office 500 Scott Bldg. lss NasaI
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02
WEATHER FOR SALT LAKE.
Fair and warmer
THE METAlS,

Silver. 705sc per ounce.
Copper tcasting), 212Sc per pound.
Lead, $5.75 per 100 pounds.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02
ADJUSTMENTS TO-DAY.

Salt Lake arsifal."
Qrpheum-VaudeVille
Lyric-"Her Bitter Atonement."
Grand-''The Two Johns
Ia bernacle-Roya Hawaiian Band.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Miss Ida Hanauer has returned from
the east after an absence of several
months visiting with friends.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Mr. and Mrs. j. j. DAILY entertained
last evening at a family dinner for Mr.
and Mrs. Roy Brown Besides the
members of the household there We're
present Mr.. and Mrs. John c. Daily as
well as the Browns. who will be away
for the entire winter. The table was
decorated with chry3aEthemums.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Mr. and Mrs. F. F. Connor of Bur
lington, Ia, will be in town today 10
visit Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Baldwin at
229 Twelfth East street.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

The Help One Another" club met
yesterday afternoon with Mrs. Minnie
Cricket at 202 Grand avenue. The
members OF the club are Mrs. H. O
Brown, Mrs. J. Peck. Mrs. H McKen-
zie and Mrs w. II. Holland. The prize
for the best hemming was won by Mrs
Peck The next meeting viii be with
Mrs Holland.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Mrs. Fred Baker Of Everett. Wash.
is in town visiting Mr.. and Mrs. Ed
Wdld :. Ferry at Whitehall
= "
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Brown left last
evening for Los Angeles to spend the
winter.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1906-11-02

Theron Geddes left yesterday fol
Denver To meet Mrs. Geddes, who Is
returning from some months absence
i'm the east They will be home the
early part of next week
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-06-20
.PULAJANES RAID
PHILIPPINE TOWN
Band of 800 Attack Police Of
Leyte, Killing Five-Burn
Valuable Records.

Manila, June 20.-A band Of 300
Pulajanes, under Caesario Pastor, at
tackled the town of Rurauen, on the
island Of Leyte, yesterday. They killed
five polio emen, wounded five, and cap
tured the remainder of the force ex-
cept the lieutenant who was in COM
mand.
Pastor, the Pulajane leader, was
killed during the encounter.
The attack occurred at an early hour
in the morning. The police were caught
unawares and their sentinel was rushed
from his post. The bandits then en-
tered the tribunal and hand-to-hand
fight occurred. The police fought des-
perately, but were overcome by superior
numbers.
The loss Of the Pulajanes is believed
to be great, but it can not be .esti
mated, as they carried off their dead
and wounded after the fight.
The municipal records were taken
from the tribunal, piled in the street
and burned. The destruction of these
papers was one Of the most serious
deeds, licenses, receipts, etc. The safe
| disturbed. The bandits carrisd away
the arm Of the police and quantity
of ammunition.
A detachment Of constabulary under
Lieutenant johnson Immediately start
ed in pursuit of the Pulajanes.
At the time the raid was made, Pro
vincial Governor Veyra was in anothe,
part of the island, securing evidence
wanted by the pardons commission tx
| obtain the release of prisoners in til,
Bilibid penitentiary.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-06-20
STOLEN BOY MADE
TO DIG Own GRAVE.
Freddie M1th Dug Deep Hole
While in the Custody
Of Kidnapper.
Journal Special Service.

Journal Special Service
Philadelphia, June 90 He told mo
there was gold in the yard, and If I
was to dig for it 7 could get the gold.
He went out and got shovel and
helped me. dug, but there WASH It
any gold there, and I tell you it was
pretty hard. I dug hole 80 deep Gin.
dicating), but he was only fooling me. =
In his childish way Freddie Muth
told the story duction to your
one part. Of his Recital; suggested an
intent on thei pant ufahis. abductor that
could lead to but one conclusion
boy. was set to dig his own grave.
:. {. "'NoW I'll tell you how it VAS the
boy began. ftYou see this boy came
to the school and gave note to the
teacher, who said my mother was sick
and was excused. I went along with
the boy and we came to a man on the
other. corner and he said he owned a
hospital and I was to go along with
him. I got tired after while and I
thought to myself I would find q phone
and ring up the house and tell them to
send somebody after me. But he would
not let me do So sHE s ~
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1906-06-20
MANILA SHAKEN
BY EARTHQUAKE
Series Of Shocks Felt in Northern
Luzon Last. Night and
= Today. ~

Manila, June pa series Of earth
quakes occurred in northern Luzon yes
terday and today. The most perceptible
night. Several shocks were experienced
n the northern part Of the island and
in the Babuyanes and Batanes islands
and on Formosa. No damage was re
ported. The shocks began at 1898
O'Clock last evening and continued at
intervals thru the night until 9:45
o'clock this morning. -, ~
The Manila observatory reports that
the earthquakes probably were more So
we're in the Babuyanes islands and For
mOSa. b.. ~"-' -,..s