davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
THE WEATHER

First Snow Of the Season-Rsln and SIush.
The beautiful Indian summer weather
which had prevailed for q week or more
gave way Wednesday night to first rain
and then snow, and Thursday morning
was dull and gloomy with mixture OF
rain and snow. The house tops were
covered with a layer of snow more than
an inch thick. The snow melted almost
a. fast ~ it fell on the warm earth aud
walking was very slippery. Probabili-
ties are for continued bad weather
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
POTOMAC, FREDERICKSBURG
AND PIEDMONT RAILROAD

Connections 1T Fredericksburg with r. F. 4 p.
r. r. and Maryland. Delaware and Nireinis Rail.
vay Co. Al Orange with southern X. h. sno
Chesapeake 4 Ohio X. K.
The only line TO the Charlottesville and VII
derness Battleaelds.
RAs,ern STANDARD Time. Daily exceptSundsJ.
WI RICHARDS Gen. Manager.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
WANTED.

Responsible man to clear about TWEEN
tv.fiye acres of land; liberal pay to right
man. Address F. C. Hays, 1915 u 81.
N. w., Washington D. {. o2hlm
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17

We are just in receipt OF Il
large shipment OF Genuine
Penn. Mountain Buckwheat
Flour and we firmly believe
it is the best goods posi-
BILE to obtain. Raised by a
farmer in Pennsylvania and
ground in a country mill
and absolutely pure.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
STATE MILITARY FUND

The State military fund has been APP
portioned by the acknowledgement. and
Co. l.. of fredericksburg, will get $3.50.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
STATEMENT FINANCIAL CONDITION

of The Farmers and Merchants STATE
Bank. located at fredericksburg, in
the State of Virginia, at the close OF
business November the 18th, 1906,
made TO the State Corporation Com
mission.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
VIM. K. GOOLRICK,
Attorney-at-Law,
Op. Conway, Gordon & Garrett Nat. Bank
FREDERICKsBURG,yA.
Money to loan on tirst-class real estate.
FIRsTGLAss BOARD

For nice comfortable lodging and
meals come to 314 Commerce street.
Meals 25c., lodging 25c Board By the
week or month. Mrs. j. F. Monroe.
fredericksburg, Va.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
lob PRINTING

We print everything from q book "a
a visiting cord on the power presses of
The Free Lance. Send as your orders.
1he fne Lance
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
ieb27-l1yr
HAVE THE FREE LANCE SENT TO
volt

Fredericksburgers who leave the city
for the winter can have The Free Lance
sent to them, SO they can keep informed
OF affairs here during their absence. Adj
dresses can be changed as often as de-
sired. Send your order to the Office.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17

WANTED.
Low grade lumber at the Oxford Box
Factory. Fredericksburg, Va. Il
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17

said system go that your streets, alleys,
and public buildings will be lighted atho
cost to your city, thus saving to the tax
payers an annual expense OF from fye To
seven thousand dollars, at the same time
reserying to the city this very valuable
asset. and making this much more de-
sirable and attractive business and resi-
Dental city.
To this appeal we herewith append a
most conservative estimate of the cost oil
erection, maintenance, and probable IN
come Of said plant, and respectfully urge
your careful consideration and prompt
action. Respectfully,
J. Garnett King.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
CITY COUNCIL
Reports Of Committees Question
of Increasing Police Force To
Be Acted Upon.
NEGLECTED PAVEMENT ORDINANCE
George Street Residents Petition for Granollthic
Sidewalks Recommendation for Incandescent
LIGHT Plant Referred to Finance and Light
Committees Etc. Etc.

The CITY Council met in regular session
Thursday night. Present, +. u. Cole,
president. and Councilmen Dannehl,
Lane. Mills. Bradley -Garnerand Warden.
Col Cole. OF finance. presented report
of MAYOR stating police officers had per
formed their duty the past month aud
their salaries were ordered paid. The
bill of Judges of election were presented
by him amounting to 81 each, total OF
$50 for both wards, which was ordered
paid. Several small bills were ordered
paid.
Mr.. Mills. Of Public Interest Commit
tee. reported progress with the Boule-
ward work. and said his committee was
in close touch with the department AT
Washington. That two sets oi bids
would probably be- submitted for the
work and if possible the manner OF doing
the work ~ desired by the Public Inter
est Committee will be- adopted.
He also reported progress on Mary
Washington avenue work Mr.. Warden
at this point asked Mr. Mills If the plans
and specifications Tor the avenue work
had been changed Mr. Mills said no,
and asked the cause of the query. Mr..
the use of "A ten-tOn roller and the one
which WAS being carried to the works
for Use was about six tons. Mr. War
den read from catalogue the dimensions
of said roller and claimed II was only siN
tons capacity. Mr. Mills thanked
Mr.. Warden for the information
and said. Il want il distinctly
impressed upon this Council that the
work on Mary Washington avenue will
be done to the letter. according to the
plans and specifications furnished by the
engineer.
MIR. Warden presented the following:
In the matter of supplying new uniforms
To the policemen yOurcOmmittee reports:
All OF the taiors in the city were ask
ed To submit bids for uniforms made in
accordance with the attached speciiica-
tions. The following list gives the names
of those who submitted bids, excepting
that OF II Falk, he having failed To sub
init a bid for uniforms made OF - oz.
goods:
James T. Layton, per suit, SIS.
b. Goldsmith 4 Son, per suit. S26. 30.
b. Goldsmith 4 Son, per suit, $50.
I.arkin 4 Rodgers. per suit, So
II. L. Lappen, per suit S2l.
Hoffman 4 MankOwitz. per suit, $23.
The sample submitted by Messrs.
Goldsmith n Son OF the goods TO be- used
in making the suits. costing S26 90,
was the only one that stood the acid
test consequently the contract has
been awarded 10 them az $500 per
suit with the possibility OF one or more
of the suits costing somewhat more, ~
an extra charge will be- made for suits
measuring more than II inches cheat,
IL inches waist and "a inches ln-eam,
at the rate of - cents per inch.
Signed
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1906-11-17
Ladies' Suits and Goats

Why 90 anywhere but Ladies' TaoMadSuts Coaks
Separate Skirts when get just the right styles Jones' and the
Fitting Guaranteed? this department Baseler
Mrs Willie Rhoa Hicks Miss Maggie Fitzpatrick who will be glad to
serve YOU only Fredericksburg employing
Professional TaIoress and Experienced Drssnakers.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
MOMAUGUIN,S BANNER WEEK.
Large Crowds Enjoy Morris Dog and
 Pony slow.

The Momauguin, with it's great free ,-outdoor show-Leon Morris splendid dog and pony clrcus--is drawing fine crowds to the east shore this week. The circus is only on for few days more, and it should not be missed. The leaping dogs are wonder in them selves while the wrestling ponies Mad ison and Battler, who throw one of the attendants the best three out of five at almost every performance, are circus in themselves, as is also the work Of the clever clown, whose acrobatic ec- centricities keep the spectators in cy- clone of laughter nearly every moment
 Vano, the jail-breaker, assisted by the beautiful Mme Vano and his own star vaudeville company, gives decidedly the best entertainment yet seen at the Saw in Rock theater thus far this season, Good audiences have greeted the show every afternoon and evening.
 A decidedly pleasing feature at the Rock this season-even more so than last-is the music of the Concert Park orchestra. under the leadership of Louis Felsberg. Select programmes of the most popular and artistic selections are given from day to day, and afford tne entertainment to thousands.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
Brief Mention.

High water to-day, 8:53 a. m.
 William c. Newells condition was about the same yesterday.
 Mrs. R. V. Lynes is building house to cost s6,5OO on the Boulevard Aiieh '< williams are the architects.
 MT. and Mrs Charles Todd of Lock port N. Y, are visiting friends in tnls city and Pine Orchard.
 The Rev. James DeWolf Perry, 1r., rector of St. Pauls church, is spendlng a week with his parents, pr. and Mrs James Dew. Perry of Germantown Pa.
 There will be general meeting ol the committee in charge of the Interna- tional Municipal Engineers convention fin this city to-morrow evening at the fire department office.
 Captain Jerome F. Donovan, clerk ir the controllers office, stated yesterday that he was candidate for the posi- tion of clerk of the civil service com mission to succeed Samuel J. We'll, re- signed. He will take the required ex' animation on August g.
 Attorney Louis E. Jacobs will next week occupy the new frame house or Chapel street, near Norton, which he has had built this season. The house is very prettily and conveniently locat ed while the appointments of the dwell ing itself are all that could be Nestred.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
UNDERTAKERs' MEETING.
Eighteenth Annual Convention Being
 Held in This City.

Eighteenth Annual Convention Being
 Held in This City.
 The eighteenth annual convention or the Connecticut Funeral Directors as- sociation opened in the banquet hall of the Y. M. c. A. yesterday morning. Ed ward c. Root, of Thomaston. the presi- dent of the state association, called the meeting to order and Rev. J. Frederick Sexton. of this city, offered prayer. James M. Bennett of the firm of Reecher & Bennett, the secretary of the association, read the minutes of the last meeting and also the report of the proceedings of the last national con- vention.
 Following the roll calI to which about thirty answered, President Root made ar. address, on the work of the associa- lion in the past year and spoke of the bright outlook for the future.
 The communication from L. T. Chris, tian. of Richmond, Va, president of tho national association, was read. In 1t greater interest in the membership oi the state body was urged.
 August Eikelberg, of New York, sec ond vice-president of the national asso citation. made an address on ''Idealisn fin Undertaking Work, in which h' urged striving for a continual better ment
 Professor Charles A. Renouard, O New York. lectured before licensed em balmers at the Yale Medical schoo building in the afternoon and also il the evening.
 To-day reports of other committee will be read and officers for the comin! year elected.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
N. W. HUB1NGER BUYS.

Purchases the Mitchell Building on
 Chapel Street.
 In the town clerks office yesterday afternoon there was recorded q deed by which N. w. Hubinger purchases the Mitchell building, SPA to SSO Chapel street.
 The property was sold by Frederick w. Davis, of Hartford. It is assessed for $139, 200, and 1t is mortgaged back to Davis for $SO,000.
 This building has been In the posses sion of the Mitchell family from 1887 when 1t was built The sale was made through the John T. Sloan company. IT this old building such well-known mer as Judge Hol!ister. ex-Governor Harri- son and Colin and Charles IngersoN had their offices.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
WHALERS TRIM THE BLUES
MFAsURE OF THE LOCALS TAKEN
 FIVE TO THREE.

Three DOubIe-headers Out-of-TOwn-
 Waterbury Takes Both Games From
 Norwich and HoIyOke Does the Same
 With BridgepOrt-Springfeid and
 Hartford Split Even.
 Pitcher Tuckey's lack of control was the primary cause of the defeat of New Haven in the game with New London at the Savin Rock grounds yesterday afternoon, and the visitors walked off with the game, to 3. Not one of the Whalers' runs was earned. With the score to ? in favor Of the home team in the beginning of the ninth, it looked like sure victory for the Blues. But in this session Tuckey went up in the air completely, After Mclaughlin had made single and was caught mapping at first Curtiss was safe on his hit, Keane was hit by a pitched ball and Finn received a free ticket, Then Ris- ing cracked out a two-bagger, his first l 4lAI, dkAu LllC 6cLAlAO Nr0 WOLA SNAAN AS~N' | New London scored once in the sec- ond on O'Rourke's base on balls, oat- ter hit and McLaughlin's single New Haven went her one better in the sixth. Connell was hit by a pitched ball. Fitzpatrick's sacrifice put him on second. Hannifln reached first on balls. Burke's timely two-base hit scored Con- nell and Hannifin made the circuit on Haywards fly to Rising. Burke tried to make third on the throw-in, but was called out on Refrange's quick return to Curtiss. New London added one to her score in the seventh, after two were down, on base on balls to McLaugh- lin, a hit by Curtiss and an error by Captain Hayward. New Haven made it 3 to in the same inning, but it took four singles to score once. Then came the fatal ninth, as told above.
 Burke batted and flelded we'll for New Haven, while Finn carried off the same honors for New London.
 The score;
 NauY r Andnu
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
At St. Louis
R,H.E
BLAKEsLHEs BUY PROPERTY.

Purchase the Virgil M. Dow Place on
 Chapel Street, Corner York.
 Virgil M. Dow has sold to Dennis A. and Theodore R. Blakeslee the property at 112S, 1125 and 1127 Chapel street, cor ner of York street. The property has a frontage of 49 feet on Chapel street and 112 feet on York street. It is assessed for $23,S ,S6O.
 The buildings involved in the sale are of somewhat anticipated appearance, and the land value Is the principal ob- ject of the purchase, it is stated. The land is 40 by 112 feet, and as it Is on the corner of York street it has been re- garded by real estate men a choice To- cation for large apartment house or business bleck. The purchase price is said to have been largely in excess of the assessed valuation.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
STEAMER SIGHTED.

Majestic With "Besses O tn Barn
 Band" on Board, Will Dock This
 Morning.
 The White Star line steamship Majes- tic from Liverpool to New York was sighted Tuesday off Table Island and will dock at New York early this morn- ing The Majestic has as part of her passengers the members of one of the greatest bands that ever had the honor of appearing before the crowned heads of Europe, and who have made a world wide reputation for themselves. "Besses 10 tn Barn band will come direct to New Haven and make their first ap- pearance on foreign soil at the new White City this evening.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
CIVIL ENGINEERS ournSa.


 The summer excursion of the Con neoticut Society of Civil Engineers will start from this city on August 14. The members will go to Lyme, where they will inspect the new bridge now 'being erected by the New Haven road and will then go aboard the steamer Madeline for q trip up the rver to Hartford, stopping en route at Port land, At Hartford the party will go to the new bridge across the Con- necticut, returning to New Haven the following day.
 Among the candidates for admission 10 the society are Edward P. Dawley of this city, and George R. Johnson and Guilford D. Young of West Haven
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
tBoARD OF FINANCE.

There will be meeting of the board of finance at 12:SO o'clock this noon, after which the members of the board will be transported to Rosehurst, the large dairy farm of Robert H. NesDit at Hamden. MT. Nesbit is a member of the city's finance board and will en- certain his brothers at luncheon and show them the wonders of his Hemden farm. It is expected that the finan- ciers will leave city hall about 1:15 o'clock. They will return to the city in the evening.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
EAGLES FOR MIEWA UKEE.

New Haven aerie, Fraternal Order of Eagles, will leave New Haven in spe- cial Pullmans attached to Colonial ex- press, Saturday, August Il, thence Le- high Valley. Stops will be made at Niagara Falls, Chicago and Detroit, in- cluding trip on the Great Lakes.
 Fare, New Haven to Milwaukee and return, S24.O5; all expenses for nine-day trip $50 to $55. Full information of the committee or by addressing A. J. Sim mons, general eastern passenger agent Lehigh Valley railroad, 146Q Broadway New York.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
ARE AFTER IT FOR THoMs.

Democratic State Committeeman Get
 Letter Urging His Selection.
 Members of the democratic state rentral committee have received let ,sters signed by Captain Fitzpatrick and Deputy Sheriff Rigney of Water- bury, who are the democratic state committeeman from that city uring the selection of Mayor W. T. Thoms of Waterbury as the temporary chair man of the democratic state conven- tiVn.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
SCHOOL FIGHT IS SETTLED.

Hamdens citizens meeting yester-
 day ordered the school committee to go ahead and build the school-house, in stead of appointing new committee. as was intended by some. There was
 10 great opposition to the motion, and lit was further ordered to ask the board of finance for an extra one thousand dollars for the purpose.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

Antonio spino year and half old, was run over by a team on Blatchley avenue yesterday morning and badly injured, Dr. Budd, who was called in to attend him. found that he was suf- fering from internal injuries and a bad scalp wound. He will recover.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
New Haven,
tBatted for Tuckey in ninth.

"BHlI5u IUT IUVhVy III IIIIIVII'
 Score by innings:
 New London..0 Q . 0 l S-6 New Haven. 10 0 0 0 2 0 O-S
 Earned runs-New Haven l. Two base hits Rising, Burke. Sacrifice hits Kirkpatrick (2). Stolen bases-Burke, Keane. First base on balls-Off Me- Laughlin 2, off Tuckey 6. Struck out By Mclaughlin 1, by Tuckey B. Left on bases-New London 10, New Haven '. Double play-O' Rourke (unasslsted). Hit by pitcher Kennedy, Keane, Con- nell Time of game-One hour and thirty minutes. Umpire-Hickey. At tendance-1, ,000
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
LILLIAN M. HoLLIsTER HIVE.


 The Lillian M Hollister hive, No [, l. o. T. M., will hold it's regular meet ing this evening in G. A. R. hall, Court street. All members are requested to be present as important business Is to be transacted. Lady Mary E. Childs, New England commander, will be pres ent at the meeting and will give a very interesting talk
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
ghe gumr1ra1 ard Gnnrter
Thursday, August 2, 1sO6.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS TO-DAY.

"A Sensation-Howe 6 Stetson Go. Bakery Goods-s. s. Adams. Gamble-Desnond Co. Est. D. l.. Barry-Probate Notice. Final Marke- -down--Lambert Keep Cool-Bowditch Co. Lormond Rugs-Wfndow Shade Co. Postum-Grocers
 Reduced Prices--Davis & Co. Specials-The Chas. Monson Co. SteameIs-French Line.
 ers-Scandinavian Line.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
AT LIGHTHOUSE PoINT.

Court Santa Maria Daughters of Isa
 bella, Hold Hop
 Court Santa Maria, Daughters of Isa. bella, gave an informal invitation lor at the Lighthouse Point dancing pavil- ion last evening. A large number at. tended and the affair was a success il every respect.
 Yesterday afternoon St. Msry's T. IA B. society of Branford held its annua outing at Lighthouse Point. All had ( splendid time.
 The postal clerks will hold their out ing at Lighthouse Point Friday.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
sApsntRIn.s o11T1Na.

The sarsleld Guard will have their annual summer outing, and have practically decided that instead of holding an all day affair, as they did last year, that the meeting would con- sist of 8 dinner at one of the shore rel
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

sorts in the early evening, on August S1. Police Sergeant Cook, president of the veteran association is left to ap- point a permanent committee of the veterans to act with the active unern- bers In this matter.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
National League.

At Philadelphia Philadelphia ....O O2OOO2O |-5 9 l Chicago ........O10O0 2-S , ?
 Batteries - Sparks and Donovan; Pfeister, Reulbach and Moran.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

It was stated at the New Haven hos-l pital yesterday that Frederick WalkerE the conductor who was struck by a trokl lev car Tuesday, was improving.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

Waterbury, Aug. 1.-Waterbury won both games of a double-header with Norwich here to-day. The scores by innings:
 (First game)-
 R.H.E. waterbury .....o o1O5 Q 1 1--9 IS 1 Norwich .....,..2 0 0 Is Il 5 Batteries-Treat Hogarty and Thack- era; Halligan, Stevens and Bridges. Second game)- R.H.E. waterbury .....2000O10O "-s 5 1 Norwich ..,....O 00O1 GO O-1 ' 5 Batteries -Hogarty and Hughes; Ste vens and Bridges, EVEN BREAK IN SPRINGFIELD. Springfield, Aug. 1-Hartford broke even with Springfield this afternoon in a. double-header Springfield won the first game by punching hits off Bronkie and by the fine twirling of Luby Frih was pounded hard by the visitors in the second game, while Springfield could not bunch hits off Badgley, Crooks home run with two men on bases was the features. The scores by innings: (First game)-
 K.H.E Springfield .....OO0111O 0*-8 Ii 0 Hartford ......O0 % 0 0 0 O % 2 1 Batteries-Luby and O'Connor; Bron- kie and Kritchel,
 Second game)-
 R.H.E. Hartford ......01O092 IT IA Springfield .....O OO001 0-1 Il Batteries-Badgley and Kritchel; Frin and Robarge. 1 BRIDGEPORT DROPS TWO GAMES. Bridgeport, Aug. 1.-Holyoke took a double-header from Bridgeport in a runaway race to-day, the first game by the score of 10 to and the second by 4 to 0. The scores by innings; (First game)--
 RHE. Holyoke ......211020oO 4-1O IA ] Bridgeport 10 0O002o 3-5 8 Batteries-Dolan and Schlncel; Cor nen and Beaumont.
 Second game)-
 Second game)-
 R.H.E Holyoke ........0 0 0 ? 0 l 0-4 } Bridgeport .....O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 co 2 Batteries-Cox and Schincel; Callahan and Beaumont 5 r,,,.r,-, r,rTr7 e,rANJnTNC
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

He-"Oh, the scoundrel!" she-'It serves you right; everyone told you when you went into business with him that he was the biggest thief in the country!" "Yes. know, but I thought I-I-knew more than he did. d."-Trans- lated from Tales
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

Pittsburg .,.OoOOOOOOOOOO1-1 4 Brooklyn ,...OO00OOOO00o00-O 9
 Batteries--Leifield and Phelps; Mcln- tyre and Bergen.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
R.H.E

At New York RIFE New York ......OOSOOOO4*-7 6 1 St. Louis .......O 0 OO1 0-1 1 Batteries-Wiltse and Bresnahan; Beebe and w. Marshall. At Boston
 R.H.E. Boston .........0oO0O203*-5 8 5 Cincinnati ......O O0 10 0 Q 0I 5 Batteries-Young and Needham; Wei mer, Ewing and Schlei.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
WEATHER RECORD.

Washington, D. C., August i, ?, m. Forecast for Thursday and Friday For New England: Partly cloudy Thursday; Friday fair; light to fresh east winds.
 For Eastern New York: Partly cloudy Thursday; Friday fair, showers, fresh east winds.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
American Leagus.

At Cleveland
 R.H.E. Cleveland .......oO06O0O2*-8 10 l Philadelphia ....O OOO2O01OO-S 9 ? Batteries-Eells, Hess and Buelow; Bender Coakley and Schreck.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02
RH.E.

Boston .........1oOO1O1OO--8 10 1 Chicago ........001000000-1 ' 3
 Batteries-J. Tannehill and Armbrus- ter; Altrock, Walsh and Towne and Sullivan.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

At Brooklyn
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

At New York
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

At DetrOit-
 R.H.E. Detroit .........O1OO0001"-2 6 New York ......O poo % 1 0I [ 0 atterles-Donahue and Schmidt; Newton, Griffith and Kleinow.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1906-08-02

waterbury ,....2O0O010O 0O"-9 5 l Norwich ..,.....O 0 0 0 00 O-1 ' 5
 Batteries -Hogarty and Hughes; Ste vens and Bridges,