The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-05-13

ant dsalns . feaVv e~ttusndfwfr ~ q efies
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eaH ~ aanffst
fast aaafns reraila mt ~ wHlam tnf
die. Nv NJ reppr N iuyf - feFsh ~ ~.
aglts ~ Hve s~eN~rrafiye yesss uNseevt
fl,faa w IN Hahs ei.thtei siieh is i've
sams ~ M whNe Nlls ~ Y H6se HsHh.
Esd Srrm en- tlhssst faAe hcfnfe ~ ifucs
ltyU vel, the ftstf .~ettlhssaI ftN paftose'
N Ma sJaw ~ no @rmgaytui Mte sas N
afygve ~ syH,s eanelleirh reatFfinR ~
psesihttty N hufhrs u'ilttina w" satera
" en- WhWe Nlls ~ hsd etlcnitse'i tkts
har NE tssal wafer f~p,Dsrmen'a ~ hayg'
. sssa@ N i've nllilarsta " ctihlr ne'trs
" weteF wosli ~ neeslef. w order ~
md lhe eers water fegulvet tl~ noT ~
M t'pp@r Nile during ths pefirds ~ winter,
epgtns and csgiy sdmm~f wuuld have 70 he
Incrpaaad. n vac then ~ ths rcmotellint
~ I'm aal#e .debei that sif williem uafs
ON toohef for water supply v we'll
kegyn thae tn difficulty eNh ths hhf.
e~tals,p, H. connected With Ne pae-ngs
through the fpsion ~ sud- thu weed htrs
pspf, which. ~ late years, md until quite
rrrru,ly, has for eDme hundreds ~ miles
blophad the hDw ~ tho river. Slncs the
roIlapas Of the Khalifa Abdullahi. q passags
hua brep c,tt through this barrier and kspt
open by the unceasing lahor ~ q small
hand Of Hrltlah officers. ~ dreHt II tho
obstructive effect of the sRdd. that az the
point where the lahr-e Oebel finally iss,ies
from the swamp regions u has lost from
90 10 a per cont. % the volume which u
had brought down from the hills. The
problem lie how to preserve the water now
wasted in the sudd marshes. and to pass it
on into Egypt.
Two solutions have bosn suggested.
The first lie. that the Bahr-eLGsbel, or LIS
loop, the Bahr-el-Zaraf. should he widencd.
and deepensd by means Of d~rrdging. while
at the same tins all outlets into the
marshes should be closed. 40 a. TO render the
river capable Of carrying the required sup
ply Of water. An alternative project is
10 cut q channel directly between the town
Of Bor, about a hundred miles north OF
G~ondokolo, and the junction OF the Sobat
River with the White Nile. This channel
should be sufficiently large 10 take the
entire summers discharge Of the Upper
Nile, but not large enough to take in the
food water. The lateral marshes. it is
thought, would provide a natural escape
for the flood water. which should be en-
couraged to flow over them. The distance
from Dor to the junction OF the Sobat, II
measured upon the winding course OF the
Bahr-el-Gebel is 444 miles, but in a straight
line would be only 30 miles. This cut
from Bor to the Sobat Junction Is at present
regarded as the most promising method
OF dealing with the sHdd difficulty. h
chief objection to the scheme seems to be
the probable cost and the length Of time
needed to complete it. Other projects are
talked Of for the utilization OF the Hood
waters of the Rahad, the Dindar and the
Atbera, which, like the Blue Nile itself,
rise In Abyssinia and for four months in
the year water the eastern section OF tbs
Sudan Ths total cost of Sir William
Garstin's plan, apart from schemes for
railway extension in the Sudan and apart
from the work proposed on the just men-
TONED, group Of food rivers. is put by him
at from 10, 800, 900 to 2l,+oe,o 900 Egyptian
pounds, according to the project adopted
for preventing the choking of the Bahr-el-
Gebel in the sud- country.
49, ---
v.
O. There has been In Egypt since 1896 re-
markable progress with reference to ad-
ministrative reforms, From 1883 to 1853
the energies Of the British authorities were
concentrated on the struggles against
bankruptcy and the repulse OF International
ism. The period from 1890 to the close OF
lsas witnessed tbs industrial revival OF
Egypt under the fiscal policy adopted by
Lord Cromer, which preferred remission
OF taxation to schemes Of rapid administra-
tive progress. From 1896 onward we enter
on n third period, one OF marked expansion,
whether through the aid Of private enter
prise or from the growth Of public revenue.
Shortly before 1898 a contract was signed
for a system of electric tramways in Cairo,
and almost contemporaneously electricity
was introduced for lighting into the prin-
ci,al hotels and many private houses,
Cairo IL now as we'll lighted as many i'm
portant European cities. About the same
time arrangements were made with private
enterprise for a light narrow gauge rail-
vay, sixty-fve miles long, from Mansurah.
In the Delta, to the centre Of the Lake Mem
saleh fishing district, q great sheet Of shall
low, brackish water, which extends. from
Port Said to Damietta, and covers an area
Of 600 900 acres. In 1895 the construction OF
a network Of similar narrow gauge rail-
ways, to rur for the most part along the
district roads which had been made Of late
years In the Delta, was agreed upon with
two companies since amalg lmated, These
light railroads, which now cover 57Se miles,
have revolutionized the means Of transport
In the Delta. In lso4-05 they carried nor
than 4,oe4,ooo passengers and transported
e2s, 900 tons OF goods.
In 1898 the country was rire for a State
bank, similar to the institutions existing
in other countries, Accordingly. in June
Of the year named, the National Bank Of
Egypt was created, with nm initial capital
Of one million pounds sterling, which may
be increased threefold. II now acts q the
Governmental Treasury. and has the rnyi-
leee OF issuing notes PAYABLE on demand.
which, though not legal tender, are received
in payment Of Government dues. In 1902
the Agricultural Bank OF Egypt WAS es-
tablished, with an authorized oarital Of
2,5oo,o 900 pounds. The purpose of this
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