davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1906-06-27
WOMEN IN THE
PACKING HOUSES
What They Do and the Wages Paid
Them

Three hundred per sent more wo-
men were employed in the meat .
packing industry in 1900 than 1890,
although the average increase OF wo-
men during the came period in all
manufacturing industries was 24.9
per cent The actual number en-
ployed In 1900 was 3si5. two-thirds
OF whom were in Chicago in the four
large packing houses. says Prof. John
A. Commons Of the university of Wis
eonsin In the eighth OF a series of ar
ticles on women in unions in the
American Federationist
The Introduction of women meat
packers dates fror1 the general adop-
ton of the refrigerator car. and the
consequent development of slaughter
ing on factory scale, about the
canning was first perfected. and it 4
was i'm this branch OF the business I
that girls were employed. Conse, (
quently they displaced no men. but
represented practically a new indus
try and a new opportunity for girls
to- earn living outside of the home.
These first girls were of Irish and
German American stock. their faith
ers and brothers being employed i'm
the same establishments. and It is
most noticeable that from the time
when American girls first un-
dertook this work, nearly 80 years
ago, they have always refused to en-
would displace their fathers and bro
Tiers.
Not until the strike of 1894 and
1904 did women enter in the new ca
pacity of competitors for mems jobs,
and these were not the English
speaking girls, but the peasant wo-
men and girls of Polish. Slavic and
Lithuanian stock. 1t is the accession
of these races that accounts for the
enormous increase in the proportion
of women employed. The American
born girls were employed first in
painting and labelling cans, packing
Clipped beef, packing and wrapping
butterine, and similar occupations
where men had never entered. When
the foreign-born women came into
the industry their first work was thai
of stuffing cans, where men had beer
employed, and from this they wen
into other departments, such as the
sewing up ends of bags, soldering
the cans. linking sausages. and final
Iy using the knife in trimming tn,
!. meat and working along with tn
men in the sausage-room."
The wages paid to women who nov
hold mems jobs are from 81 to Sl.2
day, where the men made 81 4
S2.25. Prior TO the organization Il
1902 the average earnings were Z
cents day, but at present they ar
SO cents. The first attempt at oil
ganization was in 1900, but fe
through.
Two years afterward the girls 81
cured a charter from the amalgamj
ted meat cutters and butcher worl
men. All of these girls were di
charged, and several have never bee
able to secure a position since thu
time. Material advances were s.
cured in wages, and these have fC
the most part been maintained sint
the strike of 1904. In April, 1870
the women organized, again Obtain
ing a charter from the international
Public Opinion.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
MASONS IN
COUNCIL.
ROYAL AND SELECT MASTER
AND ROYAL ARCH MASONS
MEET IN NASHVILLE.

Special to the Herald
Nashville, Tenn, Jan. 29-The
Grand Council of Royal and Select
Masters convened in it's forty-sixth
annual assembly at the Masonic
Hall this morning at 10 o'clock.
Only one session was held and that
adjourned at 2:3O o'clock.
This branch of Masonry is small
in Tennessee and consists of six
teen councils with a membership of
approximately 600.
At 3 o'clock the Grand Chapter of
Tennessee Royal Arch Masons con
vened its seventy-seventh annual
convention and will be in session
two days.
AT 1880 o'clock tonight the Royal
Arch Degree will be exemplified be-
fore the Grand Chapter by Cumber-
land Chapter No /, Past Grand
High Priest Wilbur F. Foster, pre-
siding
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
BIG SALE OF TROTTERS
AND PAGERS.
Sons and Daughters of Joe Patchen,
2:o4I4, Go Under The
Hammer.
Special to the Herald.

Special to the Herald.
NEW YORK, Jan. 29.-Prominent
horsemen were present in large NUM-
bers at Madison Square Garden to-
day at the opening of the annual
midwinter auction of trotters and
PAGERS. The feature of the sale,
which is to continue all week, will
be the practical dispersal of the ia
nous Parway Farm at Goshen, N, Y.
Among the animals to go under the
hammer are some sensational sons
and daughters OF Joe Patchen, 2:04A,
the sire of Dan Patch, 1854 the
worlds champion PAGER. Other no
table consignments to be put on the
block are from the Walnut Hall Farm
of Kentucky and the Riverside Park
Farm in Wisconsin.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
TO CONFER ON
INSURANCE.
AND DEPUTIES
FROM NUMEROUS STATES
GATHER IN CHICAGO.

Special to the Herald.
CHICAGO, ILL.,, Jan. 31.-Insurance
commissioners and deputies from
numerous states have arrived in Chi
cago to attend the conference to be
held tomorrow to discuss the regula-
ton of life insurance companies and
to attempt to secure uniformity in
legislation. The conference is the
outgrowth of preliminary meeting
held in New York last month and
attended by representatives of Ten
nessee, Wisconsin, Mississippi, Ken
lucky, Massachusetts, Nebraska,
Minnesota and Iowa
A general state insurance bill is to
be drafted by the conference. 1t is
reported that a plan will be proposed
by which the insurance laws may be
made uniform throughout the country
and the federal government exert an
influence in insurance matters with
out an actual supervision. The plan
is in fact a proposed substitute for
federal supervision, in case Congress
shall not undertake the last. Ac-
cording to the reported plan, the in
surance department of the District of
Columbia is to be made model for
the departments Of all the States.
Care will be taken to draw up the
best possible code of insurance laws
for the District of Columbia, and this
code is to be strongly recommended
to the legislature of the various
states in the hope that most of them
will conform to it, thus securing uni
formity, or practical uniformity,
throughout the country. One feature
of federal supervision is to be incor-
porated in the plan. All foreign in
surance companies doing business in
the United States are to be required
to make deposits with the District of
Columbia insurance department, in
stead of depositing with any of the
states as at present. This will in
sure strong tendency toward cen
tralization, and with the state laws
all over the country uniform, the fed
eral government will have a para
mount authority in insurance matters
without direct supervision.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
JEWISH INTERNA-
TIONAL CONGRESS-
IMPORTANT MEETING IN PRO-
GRESS TODAY IN .BRUS-
SELLS.

BRUSSELS, Jan. 29.-The situation
of the Jews in Russia will be consid-
cred in all it's phases at the inter
national congress which opened in
this city today under the auspices of
the Zionist organization. In the
opening addresses the speakers ex-
pressed disappointment that the re-
cent changes in the political situa-
ton in Russia, from which the world
confidently anticipated an improve
ment in the condition of the Jews,
has up to the present only brought
on them increased sufferings. The
urgency of providing immediate re-
lief was set forth and committees
were appointed to devise ways and
means.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
WESTERN LIVE
STOCK SLOW
OPENS AT DENVER WITH THE
GREATEST EXHIBIT EVER
SEEN WEST OF
CHICAGO.

Special to the Herald.
DENVER, Colo, Jan. 29,-The Wes-
tern Live Stock Show, which opened
at the Denver stockyards today to
last all week, is the greatest exhibit
ton of its kind ever held west of
Chicago. Consignments of show cat
tie, horses, swine and sheep have
been coming in for more than a week
and the pens and special exhibition
buildings are filing to overlooking.
During the week there will be con-
ventions of the American Stock
growers Association, the National
Live Stock Association, the National
Woolgrowers' Association, and the
Colorado Horse and Cattlegrowers'
Association. 1t is estimated there
are 1000 visitors already in the
city. They include delegations from
various state agricultural schools and
the leading breeders of fine cattle of
Missouri, Iowa, Colorado, Wyoming,
Montana, Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska,
Texas, Oklahoma, Oregon, Washing
ton, the Dakotas and other states.
The convention will discuss COM
missions on cattle sales, railroad
rates, the public land question and
other matters of vital interest to the
live stock industry.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
TENNESSEANS BUY THE
FLORENCE WAGON WORKS,

Florence, Ala, Jan. %. John T.
and Lee Ashoraft have just consum
mated a deal Whereby Tennessee bank
ers and capitalists have secured control
OF the Florence Wagon Works. They
will bring into the company $lOO,O 900 to
$4,000 OF new capital. John T. Ash
craft, no has for years been the attor
ney and one of the directors of the
wagon works, will be the President
The annual meeting of the company
will be held here Jan. 81, when officers
for the ensuing year will be elected.
Among the stockholders are A. FL.
Robinson, Vice President of the Ameri-
can National Bank at Nashville, Tenn,
johnson Bradsford, President of one of
the land companies Of Nashville and
real estate man and banker; John W.
Fry, President of the Farmers & Mer.
chants Bank of Columbia, Tenn, also
President OF the Lynnvile Bank &
Trust Company, Lynnvile, Tenn. !;
Geo. W. Killebrew, President of the
bank OF Mt. Pleasant, Mt. pleasant,
Tenn, and the Bank of CentervilIe,
Tenn.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
MAURY COUNTIAN TELLS Of
POULTRY IN THE WEST
Editor The Herald,
Columbia, Tenn.

Dear Sir
The writer, having had the pleasure
of attending the Southern California
Poultry Show, held in Los Angeles,
perhaps an account of same will be of
interest to the readers of your publ
cation.
The exhibit of over two thousand
entries being made in tents in mid
winter was one of unique and intense
interest Three large tents gave
shelter to the noisy outfit of fowls
Inside of the tent there was a laby-
rinth of aisles formed by the exhibit
ton cages, and one had to travel
many sfoOt-step in order to see all
the interesting sights offered in the
feathered beauties.
The Americans were certainly in
the ascendcncy. The White Wyan-
dottes showing the largest number
entered, closely followed by the Bar
red and White Rocks. The English
were represented by the Orpingtons
with some grand specimens, includ-
ing number of imported birds from
England. The quality was there in
Barred and White Rocks, White, Co
lumbar. Buff and Silver Penciled
Wyandottes, Rhode Island Reds, Blue
Andalusians, Brown Leghorns, and
especially the Black Minorcas. There
was also on exhibition Baby Ostriches
Matched in one of the incubators on
exhibition.
was also very much interested in
the California method of preserving
eggs. The Pacific Supply & Broker
age Co, Severance building, gave me
their receipt gratuitously and said
that they would be very glad to send
it to any of my friends for the ask
ing.
The ventilation and light was ex-
cellent, and | never attended a more
harmonious show Large crowds
thronged the tents day and night.
which were lighted with electricity.
There are great opportunities for
poultry raising in Southern Califor-
MIA. Reports issued by the Produce
Exchange last year (1905) show that
over two million dozen of eggs were
shipped in here from the eastern
states to supply the demand.
Respectfully,
THOMAS F. MORGAN.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

Maililstaett is the name of n dumb
cOnscript to be found in the Fourth
Company of the Tenth Artillery Rogi-
ment, and he comes from the Grand
Duchy of Oldenburg and is saiG to
be frst-class soldier.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
A BAD MANN.

1t was an evil day for Town Topics.
the villainous tabloid weekly, when
it sued Golfers Weekly for telling the
! truth about it. AS Matchmaking sheet
Town Topics seems to stand at the
head of the list, and its editor, Col.
Mann, is the Napoleon of grafters. He
has magic touch" and when he call
ed for money his victims, like Dayy
Crockett's coon came down with neat
ness and dispatch. If they did not the
Colonel was apt to print unpleasant
things about them. AS the New York
| World says: Here is a modest, retir-
| ing journalist who could extract $780,
600 from James R. Kenne, $50 900 from
John w. Gates, $4,000 from William
X. Vanderbilt, $4,000 from Thomas F.
Ryan's trust company, $4,000 from
William G, Whitney, $1,000 from Geo.
j. Gould and $4,000 from ], Piefpont
Morgan, without apparent difficulty.
Although the par value of the stock
of Town Topics was only $40, he could
go down into Wall street and dispose
OF it for $1,000 share-sell it. indeed.
at that price to the consolidated finan-
cial genius of New York, which knows
a thlng or two itself about unloading
STOCK on the Innocent bystander."
Col. William Dalton Mann was
Colonel Of the Seventh Michigan Cav.
airy in the Civil War. According m
Who's Who" he settled in Mobile
Ala, after the war was pioneer u
facturer of cotton-seed oil; was for
several years proprietor of the Mobile
Register; was the first Democratic
candidate for Congress from Mobile
district under reconstruction and was
elected by a large majority, but was
not seated He invented the Mann bou-
doir car, introduced it in Europe, and
organized the Mann Boudoir Car Com
pany, which sold to the Pullman Com
pany. 1t was not until he became edi-
tor of Town Topics. founder and man
ager of the Smart Set, and the direct
ing genius of ''Fads and Fancies of the
-Four Hundred" which sold from $500
to $4,000 a copy, that Col. Mann's
genius as a coin collector from the rich
was fully developed. He lived long
enough in the South to know that if
he had tried such methods in the
South as he has long employed with
daring and impunity in New York, his
whiskers would have been singed and
his anatomy shot full of holes.
We are unable to raise any sympa-
thy for his victims. They are more
entitled to contempt. When Harry
Lehr, of monkey fame, was asked by
District Attorney Jerome if it had ever
occurred to him to thrash Col Mann,
Lawyer Osborne expressed astonish-
ment at the suggestion, saying it is
to thrash a man. Jerome
turned to Osborne and replied: and
you are from the South" Osborne is
from North Carolina. He knows what
would happen to Col. Mann if he tried
his methods in that State. So does
Jerome. But they do things different
y in New WORCESTERSHIRE American.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
CONFIRMATION BY SENATE
Henry c. Ide, of Vermont, to Be
Vice-GOvernOr of Philippines.

Washington,'> Jan. 91.-The senate in
executive session confirmed the follow
ing nominations:
Henry Clay Ide, Vermont, governor
general of the Philippine islands; James
2. Smith, California, vice-governoT of
The Philippine islands; Lloyd c. Girls
com, Pennsylvania, ambassador to Bra
iii; Josiah A. Van Orsdell, Wyoming
assistant attorney general; Charles A.
Goss., Nebraska, United States attorney
for the district of Nebraska.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
is MICHALEg A CITIZEN ,
HOUSE ORDERS TESTIMONY J.
ILLINOIS CASE.
Bill Introduced Providing For Pub
lie Building at Mars},aII, Mo-
Burton Case Set For April 2.

Washington, Jan. 30.-The house Of
representatives Monday authorized it,
election committee to take testimo ~
regarding the charge that Repairs An
thony Michalek is not citizen of the
United States. Michalek is represen-
eative from Illinois.
For n Public Building.
Washington, Jan. 30.-Representa-
tive Melbourne Monday introduced .
ill for the erection of a public build
ing at Marshall, Mo, at a cost, includ-
ing site, of not more than $4,000.
The Burton Case.
Washington, Jan. 30.-The supreme
court of the United States Monday
granted the motion to advance the ca Sc
Of Senator Burton of Kansas. 1t has
set the hearing for April next.
Reported That Hitt May Retire.
Washington, Jan. 0.-Representatye
Robert r HIT, of Illinois, chairman
Of the house foreign affairs committee
has notified his constituents that he !
not be a candidate for reelection, b.
will retire to private life at the end o.
his present term. Mr. Hit is 6S years
old and his health has not been good
for. some time past.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
Trailing Alleged AsSaulter.

Noblesvillc, Ind, Jan. 31.-Harry
Voss of Cicero was arrested Oh the
charge of attempting to kidnap Cloyia.
= 4-year-old daughter Of Lincoln Bran
1om. Roy Paker, wanted on the same
barge, ESCAPED. Bloodhounds and "a
.osse of citizens are trailing him. 1t is
LEGGED the Logs forced the girl into a
.uggy, drove into tae country, gagged
nd then assaulted her.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

Riga. Jan. 31.-A mob attacked the
jail in the center of the town. shot down
the sentries, broke open the cells and
liberated all the political prisoners.
Half a company OF soldiers was sta
toned in the building, but so rapid and
unexpected was the action of the rioters
that their purpose was successfully car
ried out. There were many women
among the attacking party
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
MAKES MILE IN % is SECONDS.

Ormond- Daytona Beach, Fla, Jan.
26.-All world records for the kilo-
meter and for the mile were broken
in the automobile tournament here to-
day. The new figures place the mile
for cars of all powers at 28 Is Sec
onds, and for the kilometer at IS Is
seconds Both new records were
made by Fred Marriott, driving the
cigar-shaped steamer.
Louis Chevrolet lowered the mile
figures for gasoline cars only to 80
As driving the 200-horse power car
formerly in charge of Hemery. The
same driver lowered the kilmeter
record for gasoline cars to 10 rs
seconds.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
snre,s cousin Desfitute.

Toledo, O., Jan. Surrounded by
My the haze necessities c life, Mrs.
ane Sage. aged 81, a Goa 60 Russell
Sage, the millionaire, was G-co7ered III
destitute circumstances with her boy, :"
james, aged G5. She says Russell was
always saving Lad.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
women Killed In n Runaway.

Lawton, Okla, Jan. 31.-Mrs. NJ a.
Nel5on and Mrs. w. e. Otis were killel ]
n a runaway. TER horse made a sud
ent turn, throwing them out. They
truck on the stone curb, and we're
alien to a hospital, where they ex-
-ired
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
Oldest Iron Grille.

In Winchester cathedral there is a
door composed of four pieces of iron
grille-work which have the distinction
of being the oldest specimens of their
kind in Britain.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

Senior Don Felipe Pardo, the new
minister from Peru, is brother of tile
president of that country, and his ap-
pointment is taken as an indication
the necessity of having at Washing
ton an able representative.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

The mere lapse of years is not life;
knowledge, truth, love, beauty, good
ness, faith, alone can give vitality to
the mechanism of Marcus
Aurelius.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

st. Petersburg, Jan. 31.-Countess
Vitte has become a member of the
rthodox church, having changed from
ae Lutheran church, of which she
ormerly was a member. The change
5 made under the name of Mary, in
I'D of Matilda
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
Milwankeeans. for Instance

A land flowing with milk and honey
wouldn't appeal SO much to some PEG.
pie as a land flowing with beer and
pretzels.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

Every person has two Quotations
one which he receives from others,
and one, more important, which he
gives himself.-Gibben.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

1t is much harder to get up Sunday
in order to get to church by Il
o'clock than it is to get to the Office
on week days at &.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
Dog as Uten sill.

In an English suit at law dog is
sill Plaintiff bought a fish shop of de
PENDANT. who failed to throw in" tht
shop dog when the transfer was made
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

A good way to avoid sitting in the
cozy corner is to claim that it always
moves you irrestibly to smoke a pipe
in it. ,sss
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

All that keeps people from commit
ting suicide Christmas eve is a cur
iosity to learn the worst next day.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
Two Children

The Vienna correspondent CT the
London Standard says that the two
children habit" is being adopted very
generally in Hungary.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
Beauty in Nurses.

The value of beauty in hospital
nurses is receiving close attention in
London.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02

Glory should follow, not be pursued.
-Pliny, Jr.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1906-02-02
Revenge.

1t is pleasing to observe that there
are occasions when bull fights are won
by the bulls. 4
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-05-02

pumps aud spflnkllng tho atrcet ear
streets from Il With pressure an.
piled TO the distribution pipes. such
tank could sprinkle a street from
curb 10 curb Rt enc time.
Need ZIG Tank.
We want tank car With A ca.
paclty ~ some 5000 gallons, but
there Ia queatiea whether such a
car could be- operated successfully
on some Of our grades. This meth.
Cd would not he practicable 90 tho
downtown streets. since to sprinkle
q street fun width az one operation
would interfere seriously with traf.
dc. or olae wet every body on tho
street when the sprinkler passed
Such streets would have TO be
spfinklnd with carts
IN addition TO this. 4 would be
necessary g. provide for the sptlnk
ling 81 streets other than street car
streets b means of carts In all
H IL an undertaking Of some mas.
altitude. but one which the streets
department would be glad to under
take II the money were provided
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-05-02

aud cottage than II did two months
ago.
Rough Lumber Goes Up.
Rough iumboV IL now selling at
81 aud No flooring commands
$50 per thousand. Previously No. /
flooring was selling fof $50.
The Increase In lumber prices Il
attributed entirely 90 advancing
values for logs Rough stock IN
tho water has gone up from tszb
to about tii. and as the mills now
have % do their own towing they
figure an extra 70 cents on each
thousand for this expense
Mills Are swampsd.
Even az the increased prices the
mills are awamped with orders aud
the manufacturer report that trade
has never before haen 40 brak The
logging companies cannot do more
than keep up with the demand fof
ordinary lengths aud refuse ahs0
lutely 70 take any ordefa nov fof
special tlmbera.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1906-05-02
BREMERTON ITEMS

nREAfERToS. MAY Ftry -
the crew Of the oregon lrft tsr the
east last Saturday 60 repo.t a.
naval statiauu ucarsst the place -
enlistment
The civi euElnrer al the navy
yard has reviewed hlue prints frofn
MaFa Island. show ins results 81 the
recent earthquake The damage 60
buildings amounts q mafe than
MAS fret estimated
Captain nurweii and other offleura
~ ths yard entertained The bishops
frrsEEue on Monday
Thr Charleston Reeurd has again
changed hands ana sill hereafter
be ealtsa ~ A. = shepherd