The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1906-02-15
THE DAIRY
Production of Pure Milk.

may be approached from two direc-
tions-the one as the consumer con-
siders the question, and the otner
as the milk producer regards 1t. In
our discussion of this problem, it is
the purpose to approach it from the
standpoint of the milk producer, be-
cause we believe this side seldom
comes to light, and is less understood
than that of the consumer. By doing
this we hope to bring out some facts
which will enable us to consider the
whole milk problem more sanely and
conservatively than is usually the Gus
tom without a knowledge of what the
producer has to contend with. IL Is
a pity that the city consumer, and usu-
ally the inspector, knows so little con-
corning the cost of producing milk and
those steps in manipulation necessary
to the securing of pure milk. Since
this knowledge must furnish the appre-
ciative spirit and rational interpreta-
ton. may we be permitted to view the
situation in a concrete form and sup
ply a few facts which are not usually
considered by sanitarians?
If. as is sometimes recommended, a
model stable is erected, such as Is
frequently taken as type IN SANITARY
contentious over the milk problem,
we shall find that there must be some
thing like $4,000 or $4,000 invested
in buildings for a proper conduct ol
the dairy. 1t is not required that SO
much money be invested in Staples
to secure pure milk, but is the actuai
investment in some instances, and may
he nroperly considered here. Pure
milk NAV be obtained with moderate
priced buildings, and we shall snow
later how greatly the expenses may
he reduced by moderate capitalization.
IF should be borne in mind that the
cost of milk is subject to VIDE Varla-
tion because of the variable condltlons
and factors which control 1T.
Those who rent real estate, hoping
to get back what they invest at fair
rate of interest, do not feel that they
can take less than 10 per cent. OF the
investment in rent. When repairs,
taxes. insurance and the ordinary de-
probation in the value of property are
taken into account, it must appeal to
every investor that this is only falr
rate of interest on such investment.
If this is true of a dwelling house, 1t
is also fair to suppose that it would
he true of a barn or stable investment
Ten per cent. of $4,000 is $4,000. This
stable should have capacity for lOo
mich COWS. If these are fair COWS,
they will average at least $75-uslng
Professor Beach's figures-each, or
$500 invested in COWS alone. AMI
mails are not so long lived as build
ing. and are likely to cease giving
returns at almost any time because or
sickness and various troubles which
are neculiar to animals. 1t is doubtful
whether 20 per cent. would be too high
a rate of interest to place upon tneSe
animals. This amounts to $1,5OO per
wear. The total investment, therefore,
ought to bring $4,000 each year. Now
what may be expected as an income
under the conditions named? Each
cow of the type mentioned should
nroduce at least 5000 lbs OF milk
per year, or $500 quarts. Ii this is
sold at the stable for &c per quart,
we have an income Of $7,5OO. Out Oh
this must be taken the cost OF labor
and the cost of food. The cost of food
will average about $53 per head, or for
100 head of cattle, $1,000. The cost
of labor will average about $50 per
head or $4,000. 1t is true that there
will be other small items OF income,
but, on the other hand, there Will be
other incidental expenses, which we
shall allow to offset each other. Our
total expenses, therefore, for the year,
would be $1,000, and our income
$500 per year, leaving a deficit OF
$4,000 per year. In order to make this
good. it is necessary to raise the price
of milk at the stable from &c per quart,
upon which these calculations are
made, to 41sc. In order to retail milk,
delivering to customers in the city, II
is necessary to add 100 per cent. to the