davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

broad base, and the team Is fastened
to 1t by means of chain. The Maple
Dale drag has only single blade. to
which is fitted a rigid pole or tongue,
which keeps it from tipping. The head
of the drag consists of a plank three
or more inches thick and about a foot
wide aud eight feet long, to the front
face of which is bolted Il steel blade,
which forms the cutting edge. A semi
circular iron brace holds it at the de-
sired angle to the tongue. Different
holes through the semicircular brace
at the point where it crosses the pole
allow of its being set at any angle A
pair of old pillow handles fastened in
the rear complete the outfit and make
a very cheap and effective tool. In
operating it it is sometimes weighted
with Il bag of sand or stones, while
the driver walks behind and guides it
by means % the handles. This is some
times an advantage when particular
care is called for in finishing up job,
but usually it is more satisfactory Cor
the driver to stand on a board thrown
across the pole and the brace, stepping
from side 10 side to guide it by means
of his weight.
In Orange county in 1905 the Maple
Dale Good Roads club improved four
miles of road as an object lesson at a
cost of less than 5000 a mile, and this
highway has remained in splendid con
dition. The perfectly oval crown to
the road. combined with thin coating
Of good shale or gravel, and an occa-
sional use of the drag are the secrets
Of success.
The farmers of New York state are
on record through the state grange as
favorng such an expenditure of the
S100,OO0,000 to be raised for road i'm
provement as will give every com
munity in the state share in the bene-
fits derived. The original plan as pro-
mulgated was to spend it all upon one
tenth of the mileage of the state. Il
writer in tie Rural New Yorker says.
There are about 74.C00 miles of high
way in New York state. and if every
nile Of it could be made as good as the
section improved by the Maple Dale
clu) ut cost of 5000 per mile less
than SIS C00,O00 would lie required to
compete the whole job, and every
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
The UritiSh Song Thrnsh

The song thrush is almost the best
known and most widely distributed of
all British birds, and if we take into
account its persistence in singing as
well as the beauty of its song it per
haps deserves the first place among
British songsters. The only time when
1t does not sing, in fact. is for Il few
weeks after about the middle of july.
In September it may be heard begin
ming again in weak and undecided
fashion, the performers being usually
the young birds of the year, and in
mild, open weather in November it is
often in brilliant song, continuing more
or less frequently, except in hard frost,
until the time, late in January or so,
when it considers that spring and the
singing season have come in good ear
nest. Though somewhat studied in
manner and marked by repetitions in
its phrases. the song of no bird is more
full of spirit and vigor, and in the
darkening days of November it is par
ticularly beautiful to hear it proclaim
Ing, as it were, the sure return of
spring with almost as much force and
fire as it exhibits in its true spring
song.-London Express.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
- z-7-----
AfN.leA In Afr1Cn.

The women bore hole In their top
lip and gradually Increase this until 1t
is able to inclose disk of wood two
and even three inches in diameter. A
Mubira woman came to call on US
whose disk measured two and five
eighths inches across. The size of the
wood inserted proclaims the rank Of
the person. Peasants are only allowed
to wear pieces of stick Of the same d.
mansions as match.
The weight Of the wood causes the
lip to fall down over the mouth, and
in order to eat it is necessary to lift up
this shutter with one hand while the
other conveys the food to the mouth.
Frequently the lip breaks under the
strain put upon it, in which case the
disconnected ends are carried back and
tied to the earc-"Or the Borders Of
Pygmy Land"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
A CLEAN of Hone.

The dark lantern flashed through the
fat. Then came the CLEAN Of a re-
volver.
Hands up.' Kissed the head of the
family. You are burglar"
Yves" gasped the intruder as he
faced the cold steel.
"What have you stolen?"
''Your wife's pug dog"
Tim! Er-if that's all, you may
tneaI ont quietly"
And your mother-in-law's parrot"
"Hcu don't say! Well, here is some
loose change"
And your daughters monograph"
Good! Here's some more loose
change"
also your sons punching bag"
"What? Great Scott. man. come ont
to the ice chest! There certainly will
be some peace in this fiat f, 1m now
on"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
SLAVERY IN CHINA.
Savage Cruelty Melted Out For thu
Most Veninl OGenses.

Savage Cruelty Melted out For the
Most Venial OGenses.
Says an editorial in the Picking
Times: THE position of the slave girl
In a Chinese home is very hard one as
a rule. These slaves are generally the
property of the wife, and no one inter-
feres with the mistress in her treat
ment of the poor little things, who will
as often as not be subjected to the
most savage cruelty for most venial Of
lenses. \ few weeks ago we recall a
case of great hardship being brought
INTO the mixed court, Shanghai, in
which a small slave girl had been gag
ged with piece of iron and severely
beaten because. when half starved, she
helped herself to some scraps of food.
Our attention has now been called
70 piercing cries which emanate from
house near Canton road and are said to
proceed from little slave girl who for
some reason is beaten almost daily
with n thick knotted rope, but for what
reason is unknown.
"Our Informant thinks u word in
public, showing that the incident has
been noticed, may suffice to check the
cruelty without lodging formal com
plant with the municipal police. which
might make matters worse for the poor
little sufferer i'll the long run"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

this strange army of devotees of the
religious life. The new "black pope"
is profound scholar and also pol
ished man of the world. He is posted
not only on the writings of the early
fathers, but on the follies of the smart
set. He speaks English without a
trace of foreign accent and Italian as
f1uently as his native German. while
French and Spanish are languages in
which he is perfectly at ease He was
born ut Wurttemberg siXty-four years
age and as Il youngster gave little prom
Use of one day becoming an eminent
ecclesiaStic. He eXcelled especially in
physical feats. 1t was in those days,
according to story which is told in
Rome, that an old gypsy woman pre-
dicted that he would live to be a great
er man than either monarch or pom
tiff. 1t may not have been due to the
prophecy but young Wernz at fifteen
gave up all thoughts of becoming
hero of the fighting type and entered
Il Jesuit college.
Canon law is his speciality. He has
published four bulky volumes on the
subject In 1888 he was appointed a
professor in the Gregorian university,
and two years ago he was made rector.
He is adviser to the sacred congrega-
ton Of extraordinary ecclesiastical af-
fairs
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

ITO run the gauntlet" originated in
Germany and travelled thence to Eng
land, finally becoming domesticated in
America. In both the German and
English armies and navies about the
time of the settlement of America run
ming the gantlet was a punishment for
misdemean9r, the soldiers of a com
pany or regiment being placed in two
lines facing each other, each man arm
ed with a switch. The culprit ran be-
tween the two files and received upon
his bare back the switches Of his com
rades An officer stood by to see that
the punishment was properly enforced,
and any soldier who failed to do his
duty was himself liable to make the
journey etween The two files. The In
dams alons the coast Of Virginia are
said to have observed this punishment
inflicted uron some sailors of an Eng
fish man-of-war and Immediately adopt
ed the idea for torturing their enc
mics: hence came the belief that the
punishment or torture was peculiar to
the aborlgines of North America.
National Bank Notes.
The government guarantees the cir
Sulating notes Issued by national
banks, but not the deposits. Each ma
tional bank Is required to deposit with
the treasury in Washington govern
ment bonds to the amount of the notes
issued by It. and If the bank fails the
bonds are sold. and out Of the proceeds
the notes are redeemed as they are
presented In fact. the government
redeems these notes at any time, charg-
Ing the amount 50 paid to its bond ac-
count with the bank But while the
government does not guarantee the de-
poslts In national banks II safeguards
them by close inspection Of the condl.
ton Of all OF them. so that there Is sell
dom bad failure of lati3nal bank.
st Louis Republic.
bunch OF Her.
First Artist = What's that you're
painting. medieval family group?
Second Artist--Not exactly. That's a
portrait of Mrs. Henry vIII.-Louis.
vile Courier-Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
wbcn scbooIinw WINS Cheup.

The head master of the fashionable
school as he sat in his office said:
"At Elton, the famous English school,
where some boys spend $4,000 or
$4,000 year and where it is hardly
possible to get through on less than
$500, it only cost, in Queen Eliza
beth's time, $50 annually" He took
down little book.
"This is a copy" he said, "of manu-
script still preserved in Devonshire,
that gives the Elton expenses of the
two sons of Sir William Cavendish.
Among the items are: 'Mendng a shoe,
Id; an old woman for sweeping and
cleaning the chamber, 3D.; breast Of
mutton, ID: small chicken Id;
"Aesops Fables" 4d.: two lunches Of
candles, Id; a weeks board, 5 shil-
lings.' The total minimum expenses Of
an Elton boy in 1514-board, tuition,
everything-were S25 a year"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
OF COUNTRY ROAD IN ORANGE
COUNTY, n. Y.

farmer would have good road right to
his very door. The remaining $S5.000,-
COO would go long way in the direc-
ton of needed repairs. and in cutting
down grades where most needed.
The experiment has shown that a
light coating Of good material on a
well crowned road makes a smooth and
hard wheel track in most kinds of
weather. 1t seems to unite with the
material of the old roadbed, like ce-
ment with sand, and hardens in much
the same way. There are many sec
tons of the state roads where good
gravel was applied thickly that have
not worn as well as the one improved
by the Maple Dale club. The gravel
was applied SO thicllly that it did not
get mixed with the soil beneath, and
when sOfteled by rain and frost
wheels of passing vehicles picked it up
in some spots and deposited it further
on, leaving the roadbed almost as full
of pillows as the oceans surface when
it again hardened.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

During one of his warmest political
campaigns Benjamin f. Butler was
advertised to make Il speech in a town
hall situated near one Of the smaller
New England colleges. Some of the
students of the college who did not
sympathize with Butler in his political
aspirations agreed to have little fun
at his expense. AS a preliminary move
they decided to wait until after the
time for beginning the meeting and
then go in body to the hall, march
in together, making as much noise as
possible in securing seats and thus
compel the speaker to pause in his re
marks. Then q series of various in
terrUptionS was arranged, to be start
ed ut different times upon the signal
of a chosen leader General Butler
had been speaking for ten minutes
when the hall door opened and about
forty students entered and marched
down toward the platform. They kept
perfect step, and the steady tramp
tramp made it impossible for the
speaker to go on. Quietly waiting un.
til they had all taken their seats, But
Ter said, with smile, at is perfectly
evident which end of themselves these
young men can use best" There were
yells Of LAUGHTER and hearty applause
from the audience. and no further at
tempts to interrupt the speaker wer
made by the st'-dents.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
THE CITY MAN.
His Lot In Life Compared with That
of the Farmer.

of the Farmer.
According to the National Magazine.
"nen in the cities work twice as hard
as the farmers. and they get few or no
holidays. Thousands and thousands Of
professional men, clerks and men in
small business enterprises delve and
toll their entire lives away and at the
end are carted out to the cemeteries
without having had any more leisure
or enjoyment in their lives than horse
on treadmill. The rut they toll along
In is rs narrow as case knife" This
Is not the farmers view of the city
man, whom be sees only during vac2
ton, when the city nan is taking q
brief ana much needed rest. The farm
er sees him sporting his glad rags"
and mistakenly imagiuc &him TO be all
the year round only an idle butterfly,
consuming the produce of the horny
handed son OF toll. The truth, it ia
held, is that the city nan, as Il rule, Is
the harder worker and gets much less
enjoyment out of life. lie lSngS for the
rural scenes and OcC lpations of the
farmer; his dearest hope is to get back
to the country to sperd his last years.
a few of the city folks make big lot
Of money and get their follies and
amuSements in the ne NSpapers. but the
great majority of city toilers live a
very monotonous aht stupid as well as
very laborious ano poverty stricken
life. The farmer. it Is concluded, has
THE real thing" willie the city man
has only barren aspn ltions and disap-
pointments. The co0lented farmer is
not only the wisest nut the happiest
Of mankind Baltimt; Sun.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07


Mozart had Il memory for music ano
for nothing else. On attending TIE
papal mass at the Sstine chapel he
was greatly impressed with the mu-
steal service and asked for a copy, but
was told none could be given him, as
the music was not allowed to go out
He went to the next service, listened
attentively, went away and wrote down
the Whole from memory. When Don
Giovanni was first performed, there
was not time to copy a part for the
harpschord so Mozart conducted the
entire opera, about three hours long,
and played harpsichord accompani-
ment to the songs and choruses with
out note of music to assist his mem.
Orsr-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
The Dangers of bed.

What does the man in the street see
in a bedroom? Probably bed. possi-
bly, a waShstand, problematically a
bath. But what does the eye of science
behold? Unutterable things perhaps
beds and bacteria, mattresses and mi
crobeS, dressing gowns ana Ceadly gas
es, gas jets and carbonlc oX ie. tapes
tries AMI toxins. 1t is little wonder
that so many people sly t.cir prayers
before goiug to bed o. that so manJ
oeople die thee. London Chic
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
NEW "BLACK POPE"
Father Wernz, General of the Society
of Jesus.

Father WernZ, General of the Society
of Jesus.
One of the most remarkable RELIGIONS
organizations in the world is the So
ciety of Jesus, and its members. com.
monty known as Jesuits, are body of
men who have always displayed won
dertul zeal in behalf of the objects of
their order. They are bound by their
VOWS to render implicit obedience TO
their superiors; hence the general of
the Jesuits. often called the "black
pope" is an ecclesiastical functionary
OF exceptional power.
AS rector of the Gregorian university
OF Rome the German priest, Father
Francis Xavier Wernz was unknown
to the big world, and yet by virtue of
an election recently held by the Jesuit
order he now yields an influence sec
ond to few. In that election. held at
the German college in Rome after much
fasting and prayer and behind fast
closet doors, the Jesuit delegates chose
their general, and they found in Fa-
Their Wernz the best man to command
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

p officer, a young Italian prince.
re was Il brief love affair. The
Ices family interviewed and tore the
|erS apart The girl began to sing
b music hall. where she was sue.
|ful because of her beauty She
p went TO Paris and sang in a cafe
|1tant determining to become a
|na donna. she saved money from
pay and took a severe course of
|lng under the best teachers. Then
/ reappeared in Rome and made a
liant triumph in grand opera. She
|lrned to France and on the operate
|ge startled and delighted those who
heard her uncultivated voice and
|nlred her beauty in the cafe chan
IT, The old world was Mt her feet.
etS and artists raved. Even Sarah
fnhardt declared her to be the most
futiIul woman in Paris. King Ed
|fd OF England. whose voice in these
Tiers is potent, placed her second in
Europe but Queen Alexandra de-
Pfed her to be first in beauty. Miss
RYaIleri has acquired a large fortune
the stage
MI Hammerstein brings to his Mali
a''ah Opera House a tenor new to
i'S country. Alessandro Bonci Like
qua Cavalier, he was poor in his
0u'n and had a severe struggle His
aAer was a laborer. and the boy
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
Baltimore & Ohio R. R,
FRED RICK
.uLE EFFECTIVE NOV. p, 1906.

*Daily. fDaily except sunday. sunday only
WASHINGTON. vim WaShugt n Junction.
Connections for BALTIMORE p I LABEL
PHlA and NE YORK. Depart 1880 a. IN.
t6.0O n IN , Z o. m. ito. IS II. ~ 400 p IN.
f7.2j p. m. rive ITO 5ia. m. IS a IN.
tl2lO - m $50 p m. - 81 = m fS0l p IN.
BALTIMORE. wa vain Line Connections
for pHlLA nELPHlA and NEW YORK, De
part *6 lOA. m, is 10 a. m, (EXpress). IL SO p.
m, and fl ~ p IN Arrive ITO 20 n. m, el205
noon, IL so p m 1910 p. m, ~, p. IN.
PITSBURG, Depart IS - II. m, f7.25 p. m.
Arrive 1888 n, IN 1850 p m.
CHICAGO, Depart 1870 p. m. Arrive 2ll.55
"A m, liz 10 p m, IS 30 p. m.
CINCINNATI. LOUISVILLE and ST. LOUIS,
Depart i 3j II. m, 4t0 p m Arrive 1858
a. m. fl2.io p m, s{4j p. m
HARPER'S FERRY and WINCH ESTER, De
pa f'.S5 Il, m. fl.tOp. m, Is 30 p. m. Arrive
1885 a m liz 40 p. n.
HAGERSTOWN and MARTIN SBuRG, De-
part 1910 a. m, ~ 5 n. m 1850 p m.
Arrive Is a. m, tl2.lO p m. Is 50 p. m.
II mp. m.
HARRISONBURG, STAUN1ON Il LEXING-
ION, epart $3.50 a M. Arrive ~ 10 p. m.
NSHINulON and Way Stations, Depart
900 a m. S7.05 II. m, u 00 p m. f25 p. m.
Arrive tl0.j5 Il m, II! 55 H. m, VI p m,
tS00pm. iuneS-ly '06
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
American Geographicnl Names.

America can show many geograph
lcal names taken from novels. Califor.
MIA comes from the name Of a fairy
kingdom in Spanish romance of the
early sixteenth century. The Antilles
take their name from Antiglia, an i'm
aginary island figuring in Italian leg
ends connected with the wanderings
of St BrenGan, and marked in the lati.
tude of the SargassO sea on Catalan
and Genoese Portulani of the thir-
teenth and fourteenth centuries. Mont
real is by some said to take its name
from legendary castle mentioned in
French romances of very early date.
The island of Barataria, lineally de-
scended from Sancho Panza's mag
mary governorship, also figures on the
maps of Louisiana, While 1t Is moot
question whether the strait of Juan de
Fuca does not take its name from a
historical geographical romance. n
Rider Haggard. devised by Greer
sailor of Queen Elizabeth's day for
the benefit OF her majestys resident at
Venice and his own pocket. Il Brazil
is found in early Irish legend as an
island in the Atlantic, and 1t is a moo
question whether the empire of Brazil
derives its name from this creation o:
the Celtic fancy or from wood from
which a dye resembling In color burn
lug cinders was made
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
POINTED PARAGRAPHS.

We never knew any one who did not
talk ''shop' too much,
How you admire the man who catch.
es you doing a good deed on the slyl
What a sorry spectacle a spoiled
child Is when away from its motherl
A whipping never hurts so much as
the thought that you are being whipped
Some men are washed of their sins SO
much that they finally have a faded
look.
Tell bad story without names, ana
every one will have an enemy to attrib-
ute it to.
Ambition dwindles away in time like
a cake of soap, and by the time a man
Is seventy he can't remember that ha
ever had any in the tub with him..
Atchison Globe.
Temperature and Butterflies.
Some remarkably interesting expert
ments are reported from Zurich show
ing the effect of temperature on the de
velopment Of species among butter.
flies. The experiments have been con.
tinued through period of about four.
teen years, and it is found, for instance
that the common small tortoise shell
butterfly if subjected to warmth OF
from 81 degrees to 80 degrees cent?
grade develops into the variety found
In Sardinia, while those bred in a TEN
perature of from 4 degrees to 6 degrees
produce the Iapland variety. Similar
ly the application of heat produced tn,
Sandman form of the swallowtail but
terdy and the Syrian form Of thu
Apollo.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07
Quality In Winter Wheat.

Among qualities that suggest them
selves as OF great Importance in deter
mining the value of variety of wheat
are rust resistance ana stiffness OF
straw, which are deserving of great
consideration in the production of new
varieties or in the improvement of old
varieties. Any weakness In either Of
these directions will become apparent
IN the yield Of the variety.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

A modern c;ty'S experiences with IN
dermined streets are not unique. More
than three centuries ago Bristol. Eng
land. hal to face a situation somewhat
similar. On his visit there Pepys no
ticed that lie only carts allowed In the
streets We're those that could be drawn
by dogs. for Erstol had dug cellars be-
meath Ter streets and stored her wealth
therein rum. tobacco and Bristol milk.
the sherry "'lt is still mysterious,y
toDDpI
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

strong friendship for the United States
and was an ardent advocate of the
Hay Herran treaty. the treaty which
provided for an agreement between the
United States and the republic of Co
lombia regarding the building of the
Panama canal 1t was the failure of
the Colombian congress TO confirm this
treaty which led to the revolution on
the isthlnus and the act of Panama III
setting up rs an independent govern
ment. Relations between Colombia
ami Panama were very much strained
for time. but Minister Cortez says
that Colombians are now content to
let bygones be hygones and are in
cined to recognize the new republic.
1t is a part of his mission to negotiate
. treaty between these countries.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

On the 10th of August. 1907, Colonel
Michel Ney duke of Elchingen, nav
ing received orders to charge, turned
to his men and shouted to them in
voice of thunder:
MY lads, | have an income OF 3oo''
600 francs, and you haven't farthing.
Keep your eye on your colonel as he
charges, and do as he does"
So saying, he rode of as hard as he
could tear in the direction of the enc
my. The whole regiment followed HIN
as though electrified.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07

"What wvuld you do, Henry" asked
Mrs. Johnston. "if burglars got into
the house?"
"Do?" replied her husband. II sup
pose would just do what they told
me. I've never had ny own way In
this house yet
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-12-07


In the Matter of the Report of Sales filed the
.Sth day of November, 1906.
ORDERED, That on the - d day of December
1906, t. tourl Will proceed To act upon the
Report of Sales of Real Estate. r. ported to
said Court by Joshua A. Dill. Trustee, in the
above cause, and filed therein as afore aid to
finally rHtity ANA confirm the same, unless
cause to the contrary thereof be shown before
said day; provided copy OF this order be in
serted in some newspaper published in Fred.
erick county, for three successive weeks prior
to said day.
The report states the amount of sales to be
10000
Dated this 2Sth day of November, 1906.
SAMUEL Il. HAFFNER,
Clerk ofthe Circuit Court for Frederick County
True copy-Test
SAMUEL T. HAFFNER,
f. Marion Fau0el, Clerk.
Solicitor. nov. 30 Al.