The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1906-04-13
FRIDAY AFTERNOON, APRIL 10, 1906.
THE MILK MARKET OF BALTIMORE.
Lectures Delivered on the Milk Spe-
cial by DR.. Fulton And Milk Elk
pertS.

perts.
On March % last. special train was run
over the Western Maryland Railroad called
'The Milk Special" and lectures were de-
Evered by DR.. Fulton of the State Health
Board. Director H. J. Patterson Of the Mary
land Agricultural Experiment Station, and
Mr.. Jared Van Wagenen, of New York State.
Below will be found each lecture, which 1t
will be well for our milk producers to carefully
read and remember:
Pure Milk.
nv DIR. John n. Fulton. Sec. state Board
of Health.
This tour, under Director Amoss, is intend.
ed to carry through the dairy farming parts Of
MARYLAND the news that the milk market OF
Baltimore is growing stronger. and that the
times are rife for the milk producer to i'm
prove his methods and to extend his business.
Let me tell You briefly about the present
status of the Baltimore market There are IN
round numbers COO. 600 people, in Baltimore,
and the amount of milk consumed per capita
Is thirty-nine one hundredths of a pint day.
Four.tenths of pint of milk is the daily milk
ration for each of The 600 people. Let us
see what use is made of this small amount OF
milk. In every great city many infants are
fed on cows milk and receive no other food.
so that the first portion which is taken away
from this very small amount of milk goes to
feed very Young children. Every child that Is
fed in this way takes good deal more than
half pint of milk day. so that the babies
who are bottle fed get more than their share
of this milk. One cannot say bow many such
babies there are in Baltimore, but one eighth
of all the people 10 the city are under the age
of five years, and that would be $4,000 PEG
ple. A majority of these IS, 600 people are IN
The age Of milk diet so that you see the mum
Der Of infants in the city who get good deal
over one persons share of the milk belonging
10 this infant class Then the next big dip
into this amoaut Of market milk is made by
sick people and invalids. Many of these are
on milk diet. or on a diet which consists most
ly of milk. and Of these each one gets very
much more than his share of the market milk.
The bakers buy good deal of milk every day.
The ice cream makers buy considerable
amount Hotels and restaurants buy consid-
cradle quantities of milk for cooking, and in
city, where the oyster stews are so popular.
one can easily see that every person who takes
an oyster stew gets on that day very much
more than his share of the milk. Then
quantity OF milk is used every morning in con.
junction with cereal and fruits at breakfast,
and a certain part of the milk goes into coffee,
tea, and chocolate.
Now when each mans daily share is only
four tenths of pint, and when this four-tenths
of pint is split into so many parts, as have
indicated IL seems pretty clear that very few
people in Baltimore uss milk as food of IT.
self. Why is the milk ration OF the average
citizen OF Baltimore such small amount as
four.tenths of pint2 Because the average
housekeeper IN Baltimore was brought up IN
the tradition that milk is a luxury rather than
a necessity. She has never been taught TO use
milk as a staple food. The difficulties of eco
nomically feeding family in Baltimore have
steadily risen from year TO year. The prices
Of most of the staple foods have Increased
constantly. but the housewife has not yet dis
covered thar milk is a cheap and very superior
food substance. She does not know what to
do with milk either as a ready made food, or
as n foundation for cooked foods, and she
wastes a good deal Of money in the purchase
Of the expensive materials which she believes
TO be necessary. and sticks by her old tradition
that milk is only supplementary food mate
rial
What is the source Of the milk supply Of
Baltimore? Three years ago much OF the
milk consumed IN Baltimore was produced
within mile or So uf the homes where it was
sold Many dairy cattle wers kept within the
CITY limits OF Baltimore, some Of them in the
crowded districts, aud under conditions Of
housing, lighting, feeding ayl ventilation
which were certainly injurious to The cattle,
and very bad indeed, as far as the milk IS
concerned. An ordinance, introduced by Mr..
Eisenbrandt, into the City Council became a
law, and restricted this business Of dairying in
the city. so that the sources Of supply were
pushed out toward the farms The restriction
of dairying within the city limits did not, how
ever. drive out all of the diaries which are
kept, under practically the same conditions as
those OF Baltimore proper. Outside the polli-
ical limits of Baltimore, but really ia the city,
there are still a good many dairy cattle kept
under the most uniayorable conditions. badly
housed badly fed, without sufficient light or
air, stocked with inferior cattle in the FIRST
place, and producing quantities of cheap milk.
Most of this is bad milk. Whenever the peo-
pie of Baltimore realize the extent and the
evil influence of these city diaries, they wall
90 out Of existence, and the sources OF milk
supply for Baltimore will be pushed back to
the farms. Remember also that the city Of
Baltimore is growing at the rate of 10 per
cent. in every 10 years, and when you have a
basis Of 100000 population, that growth Of
itself insures a steadily improving market for
milk Are you afraid that these statements,
spread broadcast in this way, will attract so
many farmers TO the dairy business that an
over-production will result? You need have
no fear whatever of any such results. Con-
slider the situation of Baltimore. Il is not sur
rounded by an agricultural country. No milk
comes in to us al all across the bay, hardly
any milk comes up from the south of the city,
very little comes III from the west of Balt-
more. The section OF country which must
supply Baltimore with milk lies almost en-
iirely northward from the city. Ii we were
stimulating the production of milk on all four
sides of Baltimore, there might be some rea-
sonable fear of overriding the business, but
when you reflect that only one quadrant of the
area around Baltimore Is available as source
Of milk supply, you will see at once that the
production of milk in this area can be very
intensiyely developed without aay danger of
overproduction.
Not only will Baltimore make steadily in
creasing demand for milk from this section. it
will also demand better milk The city will
undoubtedly become more stringent concern
ing the quality of the milk sold in Baltimore,
and you will have to know something about
milk standards. At present the only legal
obligation resting upon you is to send in a
kind of milk which has no less than 81 per
cent of butter fat. Any farmer who knows
how to produce milk at all can produce milk
having 81 per cent. of butter fat, and do not
need to say another word to you on that sub
iect But there are new standards coming
about which you, perhaps, know very little.
Bacterial standards will soon be put up for
your consideration. The bacterial standards
relate to the very tiny plants known as bac
terra or germs, which get into your milk in
spite of all that you can do, and which affect
the value of the milk in two ways. From
the city's point Of view some of these germs
or microbes are capable of producing disease,
and every possible precaution must be insisted
upon to exclude this sort IF bacteria. There
is another sort of bacteria which is important
from the farmers point of view. These bac
terra are exceedingly common. They are
present in every stable, all the time, aud they
determine how much time will elapse before
your milk sours. These bacteria are impor
tant from your point of view. What sort of
milk do you send down to Baltimore now
The milk which reaches the station platform
in Baltimore contains anywhere from Is, 600
or 10000 bacteria per cubic centimeter, up in
two, three, four or five millions per cubic cen
timeter cubic centimeter is about 10 drops,
and when one sample contains $4,000, and
another sample contains several millions, this
simply means that one farmer knows how to
keep these bacteria out, and another farmer
does not care how many of them get into his
milk.
Suppose the city of Baltimore should say,
if you send US down any milk that contains