The farmer and mechanic., 1906-09-04

cHlTch. and but for their utIarrrI- +.
among themselves they would long be-
fore this have been able TO initiate
SelFia and Bulgaria in cmaucipatia-
themselves
The ride up tho Danube valley from
Belgrade to budapest and from Bud t-
pest to the Austrian boundary gives
one view Of one Of tho richest aea-
tons oil Hungary. While the Danube
hardly justifcs the poetic praise that
has described lis waters a blue. il IS
Il majestic stream. and its broad val
ley supports large agricultural p"c-
ulation.
no American can visit Hungary
without having his sympaties enlist.
in behalf Of its people for theirs is 81
fascinating history. Their country is
one o fthe most favored in Europe is
one OF the most favored in Europe 50
far as natures blessings go. The car
pathian mountains. which form "A wall
around it on the north and east. shut
out the cold winds and by turning back
the warmer winds from the south, give
TO Hungary a moro temperate climate
than other European countries in the
same latitude and in few countries
I has agriculture been more fo7teret
ed by the state.
The present minister of agriculture,
DE Igmatius Daramyi. has been at the
head of this department for ten years.
j and being an enthusiast on the subject.
he has introduced many new features
] and has brought his department into
close contact with the people. During
his administration the annual appro-
/ priatiOn& for agriculture haV" inCrc1&-
! ed from about $4,000. 600 to about
! $4,000. 900. and the income from
! $6.0O0,O00 to $9.00O.O00, leaving the
net cost to the state at present sore
. $4,00o,000 per year.
Hungary believes in furnishing
1t.,, Il
to farm; sac has p industrial schools
with about 500 pupils, and these schools
are so distributed as to make them
| convenient for the small farmers. She
has four secondary schools of agrlc'li-
turc with n total attendance of over
| 500, and to complete her sytem she has
an agricultural academy with stu
dent body Of $50. In order to accom-
modate adults who have not had tn"
advantage of these schools, she has
short winter terms and travelling IL
structOrS. BY systematic effort her ag~
ricultural department is not only IL
crcasing the efficiency of the Hunga-
rian as a tiIler of the soil, but it is in
creasing the general intelligence and
raising the standard of citizenship.
The experiment station is also q
prominent feature of the work of Tho
department of agricultural All tht
new agricultural implements are teS--
ed and reports are furnished upon
p, their merits; there are several seed
testing stations, where farmers can So
cure at cost price not only selected
, seeds but seed shown by experiment
to be suited to the climae and soil oi
their locality. Then there are mum
ber of model farms located at con
yenient points which are intended TO be
object lessons to the ncighbOrhOods i
which they are situated. At these mOd"
farms and at other centers breeding
eSta blishmentS are conducted Nhef'
= horses. cattle, hogs and sheep OF tn
: best breeds are kept and loaned to tn
farmers about. These breeding farm
have resulted in marked improve
| mcnt in the quality and value Of tn
; stock.
Nor does the agricultural depart
ment confinc It's attention to Stocl
raising and ordinary farming; 1t 1
equally Interested in horticulture, Vln
: dressing. forestry and even bee cul
: turc Government nurseries furnisl
the hardest varieties of young tree
: and vines and train those Who dcSlr
; to give special attention to theS
branches of industry. instruction il
} the pruning of trees and the trainin'
: of vines has an artistic as we'll as
t utilitarian side, and taste IS develops
t in the OrnamentatiOn of the arbOr
: and gardens. Here. as elsewhere i
i Europe, much. attention is given t
: forestry and under the direction O
: | the department OF agriculture IN
i work OF preserving the old forests an
of planting new groves IS being III
; telligently and Systematically done.
|, In addition to the work above out
y lined the agricultural department hd
taken in hand the matter of furnish
. ing general information to the farm
crs and farm la bOrcrS. 1t encourage
y the formation Of WOrlIingmen's clubs
cooperative societies and DarOChlal rt
a lief funds 1t has esta bIished mor
. than 900 free libraries and publishe
1t a weekly paper with a circulation {
- about 10000. More than half of tn
copies are published in the Hungaria
language. the rest being divided be
tween five other languages. the SlaV1
= coming next to the Hungarian an
- the German following. although les
. than ten per cent. are printed n IN
ii latter language To strengthen tn
: ties between employers and employ(
l, harvest feasts have been inaugurat
- and the attendance at these feasts
- yearly increasing.
- have gone into detail somewhat
80 describing the scope of the work Ill
~ dertakeu by the agricultural depar
- ment Of Hungary because | think tn;
- we might with advantage adopt son
Z of it's features. Our national apprt
7 priation for agricultural purpOs'
- bears a small proportion. not only
10 the amount of taxes paid by the farm
= er, but to the appropriations made fl
/ other departments.
Budapest the apital of Hungary
n one of the most attractive cities
T. Europe. In 1896 | received Cabl
> gram of cOngratulatiOn and encOurag =
~ ment from Il farmers congress WhlC
y was at that time in session in tn
>, citv | remembered this because
I was the only Cablegram received fro
- any body of Europeans during II
~ campaign.
tI originally there were two cite
a Buda on the south bank and Pesth
ie the north bank. but they We're unite
under one municipal government son
rs wears ago. the names of the old tow
o. being preserved in rhe new. The foe
iii hills of the Alps extend to the We
a bank of the Danube and furnish ma
?g nifcent sites for villas, forts. publ
1g buildings and the royal palace VIII
". on the opposite bank there is a bro;
lis plain which affords ample room f
n the rapidly extending limits of t
10 q nrjnt~