davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
Grent Tide Waves.


Those who see the rise and fall of
the tides in our Atlantic har0ors sci
dom think of the wonderful career of
the moon raised ocean waves which
cause the tidal tluX and refuX. Such
pillows not only cross the sea, but flow
from ocean to ocean, and in this way
complicated movements are set going
Thus once in every twelve hours the
moon raises a tide billow in the south
ern Indian ocean. When this billow
passes the Cape OF Good Hope at noon
its successor is already born. and by
the time the first billow has reached
the Azores islands at midnight the sec
ond is rounding the cape and third
has come into existence in the southern
ocean. BY o'clock in the morning fol
lowing its passage of the cape the tide
billow reaches the English channel. and
there the shallow water delays it SO
much that it does not arrive ut the
strait OF Dover until 10 a. m. Here the
narrowing channel causes the tide to
rise very high and almost puts an end
to the wave In the meantime another
branch of the billow runs around the
western side of the British islands.
rounds the north point of Scotland and
moves slowly down the eastern coast
of England until it finally flows up the
Thames and laps the wharfs of Lon
dou-London Graphic.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
BARBER SURGEONS.
When the Razor and the Scalpel
Were Linked In One Trade.

When the Razor and the Scalpel
Were Linked In One Trade.
More than 400 years old is the Royal
College of Surgeons. Edinburgh. At
the time it was founded the surgeons
and BARRIERS of the city were united
as one of the fourteen Incorporated
trades of Edinburgh. On July /, loo,
they received their charter from the
town council The charter of the bar
Der surgeons was confirmed by James
". an early Stuart king of great en-
lighteument and accomplishment. who
took much interest in the progress Of
the surgeons on account of the needs
of his army in time of war.
In the charter leave was given to the
incorporation to control the medical
education Of the city. such as it was
in those days; OF bloodletting, to have
the sole right of practice and to put
down quacks They We're to get every
year the boGy of Il criminal who had
been executed to practice anatomy on,
and they promised in return to do 'suf-
frage for his soul" OF the first 1JS
members of the incorporation six were
surgeons to the kings of Scotland.
As society improved and medical sci
ence developed the gulf between the
surgeons and BARRIERS widened, and in
1772. as the result Of Il process in the
court of session, the connection was
finally terminated. The deacon, or
president, of the incorporation of sur
geons was for more than go years a
member of the town council of Edin-
burgh, eX otiicio. and several of the
deacons were members of the Scottish
parliament
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
SOURCE OF SHELLAC.
The East I0dia Insects That Produce
the RcSinou~ Substance.

The East Iadia Insects That Produce
the Rcsinou> Substance.
India is the home Of the Coccus lac
"a. the insects that produce the resin
Gus substance known as Shcllac. The
females puucjurc the twigs of several
different kinds of trees. among them
,he bo. the lirir and the buea. and the
twi-s become mcrustcd with hard.
nearly Transparent reddish. reSinous
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
THE WHALES SENSES.
Ability of the Ponderous Animal tn
Hear Under Water.

1t seems perfectly evident that
whales must hear when in The wa..r.
says the London Field This inference
is confirmed 10y the comparatively
small Development of the other sells"
organs. The eye. for instance. is very
small aud can be of little use oven at
the comparatively small depths 90
which whales are now believed to de
Scend.
Again. the sense of smell. Judging 10y
the rulimentary conditidIs of the oil
factory organs. must be in allegiance
and whales have 40 sense organs com
parable to the lateral line system Of
fishes Consequently it would seem
that when below the surface of the wa
ter they must depend chiefly upon the
sense of hearing. Probably this sense
is so highly developed as to enable the
animals in the midst of the vibrations
made by the screwlike movements of
the tail or hukcS to distinguish the
sound tor vibrationSl made 10y the i'm
pact of the water against the rocks
even in dead calm, and, in the ease
of piScivorouS species. to recognize by
the pulse in the water the presence of
shOal fish.
Failing in this explanation, it is diff
cult to imagine how whales can find
their way about in the semidarkness
and avoid collisions with rocks and
rockbound coasts
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
Twins.

Talking TO a physician about twins
and commenting upon the marvellous
likeness they sometimes bear to one
another, he gave an interesting fact re. /
garding them You can always dis l
transcript UIH uU6N. 'inu" In;tll OF
Homer in a nutshell which Cicero is
said by Pliny to have seen, sounds i'm
possible, but it has been shown that
the thing is feasible, given the man
and that man the patience. A thin
sheet Of vellum. capable of folding
easily, has been found to take 1900
verses upon one side and the same
number on the reverse. There you
have the 5000 verses of the "Iliad."
all upon a single slip Of vellum. The
latter folds up. and readily, and you
have your Homer In a nutshell.-St,
James Gazette.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
GIassmakiDg.

Much mystery has in times past at
tached to the art Of glassmaking. II
was formerly the custom for the work.
men in setting pots in the glass furnace
to protect themselves from the heat by
dressing in the skins of wild animals
from head to foot. To this queer garb
were added glass google eyes, and thus
the most hideous looking monsters
were readily presented to the eye.
Show was made Of themselves In the
neighborhood, to the infinite alarm of
children, nd women and others
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29

One strange feature in the advance
of civilization has been the decline Of
the bath. Washing in the golden age
of Greece ana Rome was a fine art,
and baths We're built with as much
care as temples. There has been a re-
vival in this century of public baths,
but from an aesthetic point Of view
they cannot compare with those of a
barbarous age This is not an age Of
washers.-London Lady.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29

BISHOP CHARLES c. GRAFTON.
episodes showing his devotion TO a life
of good works. He was a young cler
gyman in Baltimore when the civil war
broke out. ANA it was he who. with a
certain charitable lady of the city. took
the wounded soldiers of the Sixth Mas
sachusetts regiment, in the face of pop
ular bitterness, from the railroad de
pot. where they were lying in neglect
and carried them where he could assist
in nursing them back to health
Though he was stanch Unionist he
never during those days Of civil strife
lost the affections of his Baltimore
flock His reputation for eloquence
and pastoral success led to his being
called to leading parish in Philadel-
phia but he declined the call and went
to England to seek cooperation in or
ganiZing Il band of evangeliSts whose
work should be that of preaching from
place to place to masses of people
These evangelists We're afterward
known as the Cowley Fathers.
He returned to this country in 1872
and became rector of the Church Of
the Advent, Boston, from which he
was called in 1883 to the bishopr.c he
now holds. He was Il mission worker
in England during the cholera scourge
and became Il cholera hospital chaplain.
working also in the slums in ministries
to the most destitute and degraded.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29

There is a little tow, "n'
heukirchen, in Saxo,v nAol|
every inhabitant is cn-as,, l 7.
ufacture of viol.ns. Tho ,'f ia, n q y
employment to naar,y j i;iasal
who live in NIarl,norI.,r',o. ''Jl
surrounding vIlla~cs N, q
usually made of maple r r,[ %
sists of about sixty pieces @' o p
Which is cut. smoother my y''a
so that everything is Oval, ,''1 Rlel
model. The old men mo ',.S' Nj
hngerboards, screws and str,. ,le
and the younger ones ' urn
steady hands and clear o Win
pieces together. which l. AZ, .i ,
ficult performance of any @s d ~
en- attain marvellous skill :, 'aP
the violin after it is fuo, y %
most every family has M Y
method of polishing. wb;ol, "l ?
down from mother to dor.,l
eXcelling in a deep vino ~, I's
in citron Or orange Gala. "
expensive yioIius ,v- LUZ
twenty to thirty times hcro,. ~ !
considered perfect and raa5r =.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29

"A feather in his cap si@nifying
honor and distinction, arose from a
custom which was common among the
Syrians and perpetuated to this day
among the various semiciyiliZed people
of adding a new feather to the head
gear for every enemy slain. In the
days of chlvalry the embryo knight re
ceived his cocque in fcatherless con
dition. and then won his plumcs as he
had wen his spurs. In manuscript
written by Richard Hansard in 1JSS
and carefully preserved in the British
museum is mentioned an ancient Hun
garian custom, that of allowing no
man to Wear feather in his cap who
had not killed 4 Turk. The IIungar-
ians had a law. which was in vogue
as late rs 1912. which allowed warriors
to add feather to their headdress col
lection "eyetc time the claimant could
prove that be had Succored Il starving
Hungarian o. had killed an ablebodied
Turk or other MoSlcm." These old Gus
toms are now obsolete, but it is inter-
estinq to know that there were once
such laws gpon the statute books Of
nations thouaht to be civilized
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
Vie ncst Neisht Cucsscra.

Butchers are the worlds best weight
guessers. The butcher difficult trace
gives him a skill in weight guessing
that is almost incredible. 1t is IA com
monplace thing in meat shop to see ii
butcher seize hold of huge red round
of beef and slash off with a great knife
four pounds Just. or two and half
pounds just or six pounds Just. ac-
cording to the order The buyer of
meat wants TO get the weight he asked
for, no more and no less. and he wants
this weight in one piece. not in one big
piece ana two or three little ones. To
satisfy the buyer the butcher has been
compelled to acquire extraordinary
skill! in judging just how much a GER
tain portion Of round of meat weighs
and in outline OF that portion smooth
ly and accurately - Cincinnati En-
quirer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
MAY AND VIOLET SUTTON.

to the title of woman champion of the
world She hopes to be able to hold
the championship of Great Britain an.
other year Miss Sutton is one of four
sisters, all noted as tennis players,
Ethel, Violet ard Florence being the
names of the other three. May is the
youngest and is only nineteen, but has
won the most fame of any of the tennis
quartet. The young ladies' arc resi-
dents of Pasadena. Cal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
A JEALOUS WORKER.



Rave Been Criticised.
The Right Rev. Charles c. Grafton,
bishop of the Episcopal diocese of Fond
du Lac. Wis who has been accused of
heresy by the rector of one of the par
isles in his diocese, is known as an
advanced churchman." His high
views have often been criticised by
members of his communion. but he has
never been called to account for them
by the authorities of his church. He is
widely known for his missionary zeal.
His views on celi5acy Of the clergy
have sometimes been likened to the
doctrines OF the Roman Catholic church
on this subject but the bishop has eX-
planned that he does not advocate en-
forced celibacy. but rather that minis
tiers should refrain from marriage for
at least five years after ordination in
order to give themselves to self sacri-
fcjne work for the benefit of humanity
ana in order to know thoroughly what
their calling is before choosing part
ner for life
Bishop Grafton is now in his seventy
seventh year, and his career is full Of
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29


of its being from Franklin's French
residence adds a deep interest to it
and it is considered Il strillingly beau
tiful painting. 1t was loaned by the
daughters Of the late General Sanford
to the American Philosophical society
and hung in the Pennsylvania Acad-
envy of Fine Arts with that other in
terestng portrait of Franklin, which
was presented to the United States by
the governor general of Canada, Earl
Grey. The latter was painted by an
eminent English artist, Benjamin Will
son, in 1759, and was taken from
Franklin's home in Philadelphia n
IT'S. when the British evacuated Phila-
delphia, by General Grey.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
EXPERTS AT TENNIS.
May Sutton, Woman Champion. and
Her Sisters.

Miss May Sutton. who sailed for
England recently to participate in the
woman's tennis championship tourna-
ment, defeated the British champion,
Miss Douglas last year. The year pre-.
vious she won the American champion
ship. Her victory over the English
women players demonstrated her right
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
FRANKLIN PORTRAITS.
interest Is Inspired In Them by the
Bicentenary Ceremonies.


The ceremonies in Philadelphia in
honor of the two hundredth anniver-
sary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin
have aroused interest in portraits and
statues of the famous sage. One of
the best of the portraits is the painting
of him by Greuze. for which he sat
while in residence in France. 1t is in
pastel and life size and originally hung
in the diplomats house at Passy. The
late Henry Shelton Sanford obtained
it while charge d'affaires in Paris dur
ing the revolution of 1S4S-49. The fact
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
A Travellers Tin,

A guide is too often a man who tells
you what you do not want to know In
a language you do not understand
New Orleans Times-Democrat
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
Unreasonable Freddy.

Tommy-Ma. Freddy's crying cause
I'm eating my cake and won't give him
any. Mother-Is his own cake finished?
Tommy-Yes, ma; and he cried when 1
was eating that too.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29

The taking of Scalps has been spoken
of SO commonly in the press of the
United States that it has become a
general practice. when speaking of A
man having lost his life among the In
dams. to sly, He lost his scalp" Nov
ellsts even Of today when locating
their stories in Apachcand almost in
variahly scalp the victims of Apache
vengeance. As matter of fact. one
can say that the Apache never took
scalps. Men who have lived in the
Apache country and have been closely
associated with them for thirty years
or more claim that no full blooded
Apache ever scalped a man he killed.
On the contrary. he would not touch a
body after death and would throw
away his weapons if stained with hui
man blood Their own deaI the men
never help to bury This task is left
to the women.-E. S. Curtis IL. Scrfb-
meat wants TO get the weight he asked Il
for, no more and no less. and he wants Il
this weight in one piece not in one big II
piece and two or three little ones. To II
satisfy the buyer the butcher has been !
to acquire extraordinary !
skill in Judging just how much a GER
tain portion Of a round Of meat weighs
and in cutting off that portion smooth
y and accurately. - Cincinnati En-
luirer
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29

The arts Of =. GIN yea
been proved by learned wrll1
high antiquity. The IIilpini. VIZ
near Rome, jumped through \
Goals; women in early times V9
customed to walk over burnlngq
Cappadocia, and the exhibition q
and cups is often mentioned
works of the ancients. Itwas ASIA
as the third century that one Fen
Firmius, who endeavored to MAJ
self emperor in Egypt, suffered
TO forge iron on an anvil placed
breast, and rope dancers win
ing poles are mentioned by fe'
and others, white the various !:
horsemanship exhibited in our q
passed, in the thirteenth cenluE!
Egypt to the Byzantine e0ul
thence over all Europe.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29

Where life is more terrible than
death 1t is then the truest valor to dare
to live.-Browne.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
Kept His Nerve.

An English clergyman had
parishioner, Lady Blank. who Il
to and hectored him outrageousI
length he declined to put up wi
kind of treatment and told her Id
so. Thereafter she refused TO ID
thing in the offertory, merely l
4 stately inclination over the
This moved an elder 10 remark
hearing, 1--WE could do with less
manners and more Of her CASH.
clergyman, dining at a lords tail
this story with great success Ola
ing. The host said with frOWI
you aware. sir, that Lady BlalI
relative of mine%' The cerI
smiled slightly. NO" he ID
wasn't. but in future when d
story I'll always be careful to b
the relationship"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
A Use For Cloves.

Persons who get "qualms' VIII
ing in the ears or on boats can
certainly quiet them by slOwF
ing a Glove or two. Indigestion
panied by formation of gas
and dizziness, will often yield
same simple measure. There ar
and better means of accom-
these results, but the value Of h
Is that it occupies so little room
easily carried about and can
readily got when wanted.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1906-06-29
Wei ACCOMMODATED.

The buxom maid had been limiting
that she did not think much of work.
ing out, and this, in conjunction with
the nightly appearance of a rather
pheepish young man. caused her mis-
tress much apprehension.
Martha. is it possible that you are
thinking of getting married?"
"Yes'm," admitted Martha, blushing
Not that young fellow who has been
calling on you lately?"
"Yes'm; he's the one"
"But you have known him only
few days"
"Three weeks come Thursday" cor.
rected Martha.
DO you think that is long enough to
know man before taking such an i'm
portant step"
"Well," answered Martha, with spirit,
faint s If he was some new Teller
He's well recommended A perfectly
lovely girl know was engaged to him
for a long time."-Everybody's Maga.
zine.
An Explanation Wanted.
I'D like to know" began the thought.
full boarder.
Would like to know what?" asked
the bOarder who knew it all.
I'D like to know how matches are
made in heaven when they keep all
the birthstone in the other lace."-Chi-
cago News.
Naturally.
what sort of people are these who
are continually seeking divorceY ask.
ed the reformer, with an agonized
groan.
Married people principally" re.
sponded the cheerful idiot, with a
coarse gufaw. - Louisville CouriS,
Journal
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-03-01
coNrRADrCTED BY DuRAND.
swears FIatIy Against Evidence
 Meeker and Veeder.

Chicago, Feb, 2s.--E. D, Duraud. spe- cial agent for the Government, was on the stand all day in the hearing of the packers pleas for immunity and will continue his evidence tomorrow.
 He contradicted the evidence given by witnesses for the packers in several instances, the most notable being where he hatly denied the statement made by Arthur Meeker, General Superintendent for Armour 6 Co, while on the stand.
 MT. Meeker declared while witness that he had answered all questions put to him by Mir. Durand. and MT. Durand today said that he had heard MT. Meeker testified to that effect and then declared that MT. Meeler had not an- swered all the questions that had been asked of him.
 MT. Durand also said that he had asked A. 1T. Veeder, general counsel for Swift 6 Co. and one of tho men under indictment in the present ease, to give evidence during the investiga- ton by Commissioner Garfield under oath, and that Mir. Veeder replied that he would do nothing of the kind. for the reason that 1t might destroy tho chance of immunity for the packers,
 Late in the day Judge Humphrey. who had declared soon after court open ed that he could not admit as evidence letters that passed between Mir Du- rand and Commissioner Garfield during the investigation, altered his decision and admitted the letters.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-03-01
THE NEWS OF TROY.
Mrs. L., N. BashinAiky ,Entertalna.--
 Breeding Weather Prevails.


 Breeding Weather Prevails.
 Troy, Feb. 28.--s(SpeciaL) )-Mrs. l.. M. Bashinsty yesterday afternoon enter tained a number of friends at Bur Bash in honor of Mrs. J. K. Dixon of Talla- dega, and Miss Ida Murphree, who has just returned home from a winter in New York. After a game of bid-suchre, the hostess presented each of the guests of honor with piece of hand painted china. the work of Miss Will lette McMillan. The score cards were bonnet-babies painted by the same art list, Among the guests were Miss Ca- milla Webber. of Montgomery, Miss Jo McAlllan, of Tennessee ,and Mrs. Hirschfield. of Selma.
 Living together. about six miles from Troy, are two twin sisters, Mrs. Ann anda Adams and Miss Mintie Rugg, both of whom are in fairly good health. The former has been married twice. and is now widow, They have reach ed the age eighty-four years. and have lived together most of their lives. The old ladies have a host of friends in the community in which they live.
 Rev Willis Clarke. of Montgomery. came down this morning and held ser- vices for the members of St. Marks Church.
 Charles Hiclzs. young man from the county line vicinity. was carried from here yesterday to the Insane Asylum at Tuscaloosa by Shelby King and Claude Freeman. He escaped from his keep ers several times while waiting for the tT ain, and at times seemed very violent. biting hole in the coat of one of the officers at the cnurt house.
 The thermometer registered about 30 degrees here this morning and per. haps went a little below that. There was considerable ice. but the fruit and the small vegetables were not injured to any extent. owing to the extreme dryness of tue atmosphere.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1906-03-01
WAS CUT TO PIECES
REMAINS OF A MAN FOUND
 ON RAILROAD TRACK.
body Believed to ba That of Sailor of the British Ship IRchkeith Now
 fn Port of Mobile.
Advertiser Bureau,
 ,Afahile Feh. 2R

Advertiser Bureau, Mobile. Feb. 2S. At sunrise this morning a track .valkAr of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, opposite Baiyd's Mill. between lbne and Three Mile Creeks. found the I.rewsonle remains of white man scat Tered along the track. The coroner 1gas at once notified and he went to 8he scene and had the fragments as- enbied and placed in coffin by the bounty sexton.
 The fragments were brought fo the Eity and viewed. The opinion reached by the coroner was that the man was J sailor. which wandering along the rack, seeking his vessel. had fallen in drunken stupor and was cut to pieces by passing trains, At the sexton.s es- 4abiiShment an examination Of the sIothes was made and a ring found. Inside the white metal. of which it was .nade was found the word Penny" and s1a0n." e
 An officer of the British steamship snchkeith, lying at the Mobile, Jack on and Kansas. City pier. on choe- aw Point. took a look at the remnants nd Judging from 5iiS trousers. reached | conclusion the body was that of Inernber of the crew. The Inchkeith In Ivins in a directly opposite direc- Hon from where the body was found. konnathlng Iikc four miles distant. an st ia thought the unfortunate. while found the railroad track knd. losing his bearings. wandered in Inc wrong direction.
 VIII go to Rirmineham.
 In May, in Birmingham, will be held