davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11

tive and, in most cases a successful way.
IN the last-named field OF eftOrt-the fight
with injurious insects-the California fruit
growers lead the world. Acting apparently
on the suggestion conveyed in the familiar
coupIet about the little deas which nave
smaller feas to bite EN-" they have
searched out the insect enemies Of -helr
most formidable insect pests and set the
Dugs TO nghting each other, Kilkenny fash
ION, so effectively that their fruit orchards
nave been left measurably 1T peace end
comparatively free from such fovne.
scourges as the san Jose scale. the maaIy
pug, the red spider and cott0uy CUSHION
scale and otiser predatory creatures of jFis
Tx, some of which became Sd formidable
that they threatened the virtual extinction
OF the fruit industry.
In its search for the uar9Sitf, a4,ar,,la., nf
these pests, whose work should keep the
balance of nature even, the California Hor-
tlcultural Society sent Its agents 10 Chiua
Japan Australia and South africa. whore
they captured and brought back colonies ct
microscopic creatures whose scientific
names are enough in themselves to drive
any plain American bug into nervous pros
tration Thus the San Jose scale formerly
one OF the most dreaded enemies OF the
fruit growers. found itself face to face one
day a few years ago with the Aphe!inus
fuscipennis, and while it did not capftular.
on The spot, II began tight against sucn
odds that today the San Jose scale has lost
its terrors fer the California orchardist
One tiny insect rejoicing in the name CT tie
Australian ladyhird was imported from the
land of the Southern Cross and set 20 work
upon the cottony cushion scale with Fucn
erect that this pest has also been practi-
eally eliminated from the field.
Many Interesting. If not thrilling details
might be given Of these battles OF he. BUGS
III california in which the f-uit-gToWing In
terests have been benefited 10 tie extent
or millions of dollars. 1t is "A struggle IN
which many of the seTried foes OF lie or
cAard have met their Waterloo and An
D toy f.gF a.
uaIly appearing, ana tile warfare like mat
against sin. must be waged continually.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11

Maiden's Leap, that overlooks the point
where the Mississippis waters flow
through Lake Pepin. and beneath the
rivers turbulent waters found the peace
that was denied her on earth Another
Minnesota legend. that of Minnehaha,
calls to most minds Longfellow's famous
license in the matter. In the real legend,
Minnehaha, Laughing water" did not be-
come the bride of Hiawatha, but was
crossed in love. In her despair she sought
the falls of Minnehaha after which she
had been named. Here, over precipice
sixty feet high. she took the fatal leap.
All Indian traditions are not sorrowfuI
Quite the reverse in many cases, as the
story Of the naming of Wakarusa, Kan.
Will show. Once a party of Indians on the
trail were stopped IN their progress by
swollen and angry-looking stream. Deep
water, bad bottom!" grunted the braves,
hesitating at the brink of the river, I'M
willing to turn back, doubling that they
could cross AT length an Indian crept up
behind his squaw. who was seated on
small Indian pony, and deliberately
pushed pony, squaw and all over the bank
into the rapid, muddy current. meanwhile
looking stoically on to see whether she
would gain the opposite bank in safety
or drown before his eyes The astonished
and enraged squaw struck out for mid
stream, and To- the waters had but spread
over shallow basin and the danger had
been but apparent, not real. Derisively the
squaw rose and seornfully shrieksd at her
liege lord, who had been so willing to have
been summarily rid OF her: '.wakarusa,
Vakarusai tThigh-deep. thgh-deepl.
And Wakarusa the region has remained
until this day.
Tepee City. Squaw Valley and sachems
Head show that the Indian was once
power. and SO, also. do Indianola. Indian
apols. Indian Bay. Indian Bayou. Indian
Bottom. Camp and Creek; Indian Dfggings.
Falls, Gap. Gulch and Head; Indian Mound.
Neck. Ridge and River; Indian Rock. Run.
Springs and Town; Indian Trail and Indian
valley. He has left behind him his kinni-
kinnick that he used to smoke, his mecca
sin that ne used to wear, medicine lodge
that he used to visit. and the wampum for
which he bartered his pony or his beaver
Indian nanaes of many familiar objects.
though the memory of these meanings has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11

a # the very time the winter winds
~ are uercest IN northern iattudes
"a and the SHOWS are drifting among
z y the apple trees and eddying
around the snug farm houses of
New England and the middle west the
orange comes 10 its luscious prime under
the cloudless skies and In the genial air Of
southern California and hangs pendant.
Ike a globe of molten gold. from the ever
green branches. ready for the hand OF the
harvester.
From early in December. when fruit Is
picked Tor The Christmas market, until
May IL The busiest season Of the year for
the orange grower and all through these
months one may see among the groves
that everywhere crowd up to the highways
IN the orange belt groups OF piclzers-
tawuy Mexlcans, little brown men from
Japan, and occasionally g. few whites. deft-
" clipping the fruit and placing it care
fully in canvas bags suspended from their
shoulders. The navel orange tree, the pre-
vailtng type, is Of low stature seldom over
ten or twelve feet in height so that the
greater part OF the fruit is easily reached
from the ground; for that IN higher
branches the stepisdder comes into play
From the canvas bags the fruit Is trans
Terfed into small boxes placed at conve-
lItLt points 10 De picked up later by the
wagon men and hauled away to the pack
ing house Each OF these small boxes con
talus an average OF 300 oranges ana q
skilled picker viii I'LL from rs 20 100 boxes
day. receiving for each box the sum Of )
cents
An orange grove IN its prime Will Yield
from four to six boxes per tree and the
groves VIII average about q hundred trees
10 'he acre. 4 ten-acre orchard will there
fore yield in a good season about 1900
boxes. The orange Is easily Injured and
rendered unmarketable by rough handling
and great care must be exercised ALI
through the process OF harvesting to avoid
loss from this source Japanese pickArs
are favored among the orange growers not
only because or the Ueatuess care and
skill which mark their work. but because
OF their sobrety and faIthfIlness and their
prompt and cheerful compliance with ali
orders and regulations. In most Of these
respects their conduct stands ont in starp
contrast with that OF the average white la
Dnrar Of their class
From the orchards the boxes are trans
ported In great open vans to the packing
houses, which are generally situated liz
convenient proximity to some railroad sid
ing An orange packing house in fun op-
GRAFTON is pleasant 10 the eyes and TO
other senses rs well, redolent as it Is with
the perfume OF the RaTue-ed fruit lying
about IN heaps like drifts OF sondified sun
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11
TAKING A VOTE.
The Proceedings Occupied Five Col
umns in The Record.

One of the amusing features of the Sem
ate proceedings is the process OF reaching
an agreement to take vote on certain
measure. Take. for instance, the decision
to vote on the statehood bill, a proceeding
that required unanimous consent The story
is told in five wide columns OF the Con-
gressional Record The ball was opened by
Senator Beveridge. who offered PROPOSE
ton to vote at 4 o'clock on Thursday. the
Tth of March. Senator Burrows mmeiii-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11
Grower. the output for the past four years
was as follows.

I
1904-05. Observation-Disclosures. 81 APP II les ,S64
The citrus fruit crop for the present yeai
Is variously estimated at from "a 900 to
$1,000 carloads. This crop brings to the
growers yearly revenue of from SIS, 900, 900
to $4,000, 900. an amount nearly equal to
the gold output OF the state, which in 1904
was $40 10000. In all probability the time
will soon come when the gold minted from
the sunshine of California will exceed that
dug out OF Its mines, for there is good rea-
son for the belief that when the Panama
canal Is completed and better and cheaper
railroad transportation is afforded to the
east the citrus fruit business will enter
upon new and far more prosperous era
of existence. The orange has the inesti-
mable advantage In its favor of a more
limited area of production than any other
staple fruit. while the popular demand for
ii Increases rapidly with the years.
The system of irrigation in vogue among
the citrus fruit growers might be made the
subject of an interesting chapter by itself
In southern California, where, during from
six to eight months. not drop of rain falls
1t is true in a very literal sense that water
is life and 1t must be had at any cost
Fortunately 1t is not difficult to tap water
vein almost anywhere IN the orange belt
with artesian wells, to find an ample
supply for storage purposes in the high
mountain ranges threading the country,
so that while a vast amount OF money in
the total has been expended in the develop
nlent OF an irrigation system the cost per
acre TO the grower is not q burdensome tax
In the most favorable districts irrigation
costs about S. per acre.
In the process of watering the orchards
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11

operation with the boards of the locals, the
industry In almost every phase is super
vtsed and directed to the end of eliminating
the middleman, economizing In the cost OF
packing and marketing, controlling the vol
ume and time of output and turning back
into the hands of the producer the total
income from his crop, minus only the actual
expense of handling and transportation.
The exchange represents in combination
an amount OF capital a volume of business
and a sum of individual and collective ia
fiuence which. under intelligent and expert
enced direction, are sufficient to carry
great weight IN the market places and COM
mand the respectful attention, il not the
ready compliance, of the railroad corpora
tons Both in theory and practice 1t fur
nishes q striking illustration Of the advan-
tages and benefits of the cooperative prin-
ciple applied to a great industry
For many reasons orange growing in
southern California has attracted 20 itself
an unusual number OF men of high intelli-
gence and progressive and enterprising
spirit Evidences of this appear in the en-
thusiasttc interest displayed by the grow
ers themselves in the purely scientific
phases of orange culture, IN the generous
support they give to societies devoted to
horticultural study and research, and in
their readiness 10 seize upon and utilize in
their business to. the utmost the latest re-
suits OF these scientific inquiries. BY these
means such problems as present themselves
In the selection of proper soils, in the best
and most economic methods of fertilIZ2ti19
IN the propagation of new and improved
fruit stock, and in the warfare against in
sect pests, are met and solved i'll an effec-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11

agars. the neck of water" Nahant Is 'at
the point" Passumpsick is much clear
water" and Chautauqua is the 'foggy
place Sometimes the Indians names re-
Elected his superstitions. Thus. Mantle Is
spirit" Montauk Is "a mantle or spirit
tree" and Minnewaukon means the devils
lake" Sometimes his names celebrate his
hunting or fishing exploits. Mackinaw is an
abbreviation of a longer word meaning the
great turtle place" Quinsigamond means
the fishing place for pickerel." There are
several Ammons. which, as the government
has n peculiar penchant for looping off the
terminatve syllables of Indian words. may
not unreasonably be taken to represent Am
monoosuc, an expressive Indian word mean
ing 'fsh-story river" proof positive that
the red man. well as his Successors, was
given to telling tall stories about his luck in
fishing.
Even the Indian hates and hereditary
feuds find expression in names The mem
bers of certain Indian tribe. despised for
their peacefulness. were In contemptuous
parlance Ottawas. traders" while a fierce
ly lighting tribe were admiringly termed
Fries. or wildcats" by their enemies. Our
Iowas are a corruption OF derisive word
signifying "drowsy sleepy ones" a term
given by the warlike Sioux of the nortn to
his duieter red brethren OF the plains. The
scornful Iroquois called each Algonquin OF
the New York mountains an Adirondack.
signifying The eats bark" The latter re-
torted by clubbing each Iroquois Mo
hawk" or man eater grim testimonial
in its way to the fierce and relentless 1ro-
quois character The family of the Sioux,
the famous fighters of the northwest. dfvid-
ed as they were into eight great branches or
subtrihes. gave to themselves the compre-
hensivs name of Dakotas, ''allied together
in friendly compact" but their Indian foe
men called them by the bitter term of Sioux,
''cut -throsts"
The Indian was born story teller. Every
lake and river every rock and every plain
had its story, it's incident. its legend. The
Indian gave ever those names that recalled
these legends to his mind.
WiDoaa, Minnesota, has a beautiful
legend. Winona. "irst-born daughter,
was the child OF a stern warrior He babe
her marry one of the notable braves of his
people. She loved another. Rather than
marry the brave, whom she hated, she
threw herself from the cliff OF the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11

fed by attendant warriors. and Potomac
That region became. ii literal translat ton of
which is the place of the burning pine,
that resembles a council fire" Poughkeep-
sic is "a safe harbor for small boats" Nor
ridgewock. the place of deer" Ontario.
the village on the mountain" Saranac.
the river that flows under rock" and
Saratoga, the place of the miraculous wa
ters In a rock
Similarly. Schenectady is THE river val.
ley beyond the pine trees" Schoharie is
"the tributary that throws its waters
strong over and across the main stream
the Wabash Is "a cloud blown forward 10y
an equinoctial wind MOnongahela is "the
falllug-in-bank river" Kappa hammock the
river OF quick-risfng water" and Toronto.
oak trees rising from the lake" Such
words show wondrous skill III the art of
word painting. and their expressive Indian
tongue reflects their Impressions with
vivid minuteness impossible to more cum
bersOme English.
There is no commonplace In Indian names
All OF the Indians terms are picturesque
because alive and full of meaning TO him.
4 thousand examples could be given. Once
before the white mans day. cavlng In OF
"a river bank revealed the huge fossil tusk
Of some prehistoric monster. At once the
river received the name Chemung Big
Horn and generations OF squaws told 70
generations of papooses the traditions of the
big bones and wide Jaws that once had been
found there. In 1915 portion of Mains was
visited by a most devastating fire. The In
dams at once gave the region the name of
Schoodic. the great burnt lands" perpetu-
ating forever the memory OF the terrible
disaster Ortnoco Is "coiiins snake" pos
sibly a reference to the crooked course OF
the stream, but more probably marking the
notable killing of some Tenomous reptile.
Sometimes II was the physical textures
that were name-refected. Thus: Wetump-
ka Is 'tumbling waters Sandusky the
cold spring" Katahdin the .'highest
place; Tloga the swift current Nj
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11
'GgAlIYG QRANGE5 ma R4CflY6 HOLkSE

shine. The operations simple, quiet
and largely automatic, with due care at
each step of the process to avoid injury TO
the fruit.
IL the oranges need washing, which IS
not often the case, they are gently dumped
into a shallow vat, where they ale moved
along by a travelling belt between brushes
submerged in water, and carried thence up
to a platform to be dried in the sun. II
they have no need of this cleansing process
they ar5 dumped into another capacious
box or apron, TO be caught and carried by
another slow-moylng belt up to a platform,
where they are passed along under the In
Spection of another group OF workers, who
pick out the imperfect fruit, or "culls,' as
they are called, and deposit them in can
vas chures for other disposition.
From this point the stream, freed from
its imperfections, flows on and down
gentle incline to q lower level, after being
caught up on the way in a pocket-like con-
trIvance in which the weight OF the or
anges is taken and registered. On the lower
level the oranges. which still, like poor Joe,
are ''aIIus a-movin on, are made TO sepa-
rate themselves into the three sizes or
principal grades by which they are known
to the markets standard choice and
fancy" This is done by the simple device
OF a long trough or shallow wooden chan
mel, with a slit at the bottom running
lengthwise and varying in width according
10 the sizing desired AS the little riyutet
OF oranges flows along this trough the sep
aration is effected by the fruit dropping
through the slit according to size. the
smallest first and last OF all the golden
beauties which are labeled fancy
AS thus they separate themselves the or
auges roll down through side chutes into
shallow canvas boxes whence they are
picked up by the deft and uimbe fingers OF
other workers, usually young women. wrap
ped In soft paper and packed in the boxes
not to be seen again until opened for sale
In the eastern markets. From the packers
the boxes are trundled to a long bench
cid 10 or 4 ale far.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11
MEANING OF INDIAN NAMES
IN THE UNITED STATES

TIIE commission appointed by he
government 70 translate into con-
else. correct English all Indian
names found IN The geography Of
the United States has on us
hands q Job OF great magnitude as may be
con.prehended when It Is considered that
more than 5000 names now tXcd to va
r!cus points between Maine and California
and the Canadian line and the RIO Grands
commemorate the fact that the red man
,uce was sole possessor OF the land. The
names OF his chiefs aud OF his tribes are
forever fixed Ia memory. Indian traditions
are perpetuated end musical Indian words
Lay, been Incorporated Into our tongue. Il
legacy OF poetry and romance even in this
practical age
Every name the Indian gave mean, some-
Ting. He left to his pale-faced brother
the ahsurdiUes Of prsfxing 20 ZOO towns
and settlements the stale descriptive terms
'asr, west. north south; he left 20 the
~tNs man the confusion OF thirty-three
s., "iugaelds IN one union. not Il NTH or
" Iish were ever built In Held or by a
eV.uz. OF Pi1evilles without "a piue Oak-
ca!"s without IN oak, Weymouths and Ply
mouths that are not at the mouth OF the
Wty, the Plym, or any other river or
Mount Nernons twenty-five strong. many 81
item without even a hill 10 their credit.
and OF 100 New Hayens. New Yorks. New
towns and New-every-t hiug-eiRe. all OF
which have long since ceased 20 be new.
~
Npt 50 With The Indian. lie pitched his
wlgwam beside the stream Through the
curling waters the long. dark stone on the
rivers bed looked like offers at play, and
forthwith the camping place received the
Eane 1t bears tOGay-Kalamazoo- stones
Nke-otters' in the Indian tongue. Again,
he saw on river bank a pine tree wreath
ell tu flames: FOR hours II threw It's torch
like glare over the landscape, as would
have beamed the glow Of some council fire
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11

II
The Indian has left behind him hundreds
OF musical alliterative names, in which the
consonant or vowel sounds are doubled
Good examples are Wawaka. WaWasee
Kankakee, Kennekuk, Tuscaloosa, Ialla-
hassee Ocklocknee, Ohoopee, Oshkosh
Minnetonka, Massabesic, Contoocook. Loo
gootee and Hatchechubbee. We like to roll
his Kennebunk and Cuttyhunk. his Nan
tucket and Wachusett, his Kickapoo ana
Tetonka over our tongues, and 1t would De
deporable indeed II they also should have
to go and be translated into correct and
concise" English.
Other historical landmarks closely inter-
woven with Indian history, but whose
names will remain untouched by the COM
mission the place names that preserve
the memory of the early missionaries ana
explorers and of the first pioneers, sturdy
men of the wilderness, every one of them
Injured to hardship and skillful In expedient
as he literally took his life in his hand as
he ventured among hostile redskins In an
unknown land. The names of De Soto,
Ponce de Leon. Hudson, Champlafn and
La Salle and of Fathers Hennepin and
Marquette are interviewer with the very
beginnings of our history, just the
names of Fremont. Lewis and Clark are In
dissoubly linked with the early days of the
far west
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-03-11

all but been forgotten. Mondamin means
corn; wawa, wild goose; opeechee, the
robin; Roanoke a seashell; Chicago, the
wild onion: omeeme a pigeon; wawbeek,
a rock, etc.
Arizona republican., 1906-07-03
LATEST OPERATIONS
 AT WHIlE GOLD MINE
Hill Running Twelve Hours a Day
 and Future is Promising.

Leanard White is in the city from the White mining camp, eleven miles above Wickenburg, and brings very pleasing reports. MT. White was the original owner of the White mine which was sold to the White Gold Min ing company. The company then be- came somewhat involved in trouble through disagreements among the stockholders and alleged mismanage- ment The result was that before the mill had made more than a trial run it was closed down and there was a reorganization of the management which finally leased the mill and mine to MT White.
 MT. White contended that the mine was bigger and better than some of the recalcitrants alleged that it was; that they had not shown the greatest wis dom in development and management, and that he believed he could operate the property with profit to both him. self and the company if given a lease. He believes now that his judgment was correct and that he will be able to make good, though he is only now get ting things into good shape.
 The mill when he took charge q few weeks ago needed some overhauling and the mine required some cleaning out of waste material before it could be properly operated or development continued. Those things have been accomplished and the mill has been running now for about ten days. The lowest assay he has had of battery samples is $7.S5 per ton and the high est assay is $15.2O. The average has been about S11. The mill has been run for twelve hour shifts only as there was not sufficient ore blocked out for removal to keep 1t busy for twenty four hour runs. The mill in the twelve hour runs has worked about thirty-five tons of ore a day.
 The most urgent need just now is the cyanide plant, for the mill only saves about half the values. The machinery of a good cyanide plant is on the ground, having been bought by tha former management. but it will take a little time and some money to put it in position. This will be the next thing undertaken by MT. White and when the cyanide plant is in commission he be- lieves he will begin 10 make money, both for himself and for the company.
 Under the present conditions four men have been able to supply all the ore the mill could use in twelve hour runs and two more have been kept busy in development. If the tunnel running into the hill was driven cleav through it MT. White says he would be able to furnish from that single working all the ore the mill could work. There are now employed in the camp. including the cook. mill men, miners and all, seventeen men.