davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist., 1906-05-09
Curculio Damage Heavy to Plum

contains a letter from MI. H. M.
StringfelIow 1t explains itself and
needs no comment:
L send you today, April 9th, some
small Japanese plums, in which both
the cufculio and plum gOuger, to my
surprise, have already laid their eggs.
Last season, the fruit was three times
as large when they first began to at
tack Il think that was due to last
season being earlier. 1t would seem
that the insects are Matched out at a
uniform date in spring, and the sea-
son now being late, my pIuIms were
attacked just after shedding their
blossoms. In excuse of my neglect to
observe the plums, having but a few
of the Japan variety left, L will say
that my experience with these pests
is limited to the last two years, neith-
er one having troubled my fruit be-
FORE 1t would seem that their pref
erence is greatly for plums, of which
L have a large variety, for, So far, not
peach has been touched, though
growing alongside. L begin to think
if L had no plums, L would have few
or no worms in peaches, for l have
examined quite a number of yards and
find that peaches suffer very little
where there are no plums nearby, in
which they doubtless breed and. at
tack peaches later.
Hereafter, 1 will spray the first
time when the plum blooms begin
to fall. This experience of mine seems
to show that picking up and destroy
ing all fallen and infected fruit is a
mere waste of time. AS far as L
know, there was not a worm in any
of my fruit last season, and yet now
nearly all my remaining Japan plums
have several punctures, both of cur
culio and the gouger. Where they
came from is certainly a mystery. 1t
would be safe to spray both peaches
and plums when the blossoms dry up
and begin to drop. As to the efficacy
of this method l propose to make a
test on three of the old Elbertas al
luded to in my last, and will spray
this afternoon, one tree with plain
whitewash and creOleum, one with
wash alone, and a third with water
and creOleum, to see which is the
most effective. There are quite a
number of plum trees nearby, and
many of the Elbertas were wormy
last year.
L don't know but those Elbertas
have been the cause of my stumbling
upon a way to insure all sod peaches |
absolutely against damage from a |
spring freeze as low as 20 degrees, |
the record in the government office |
here on March Doth. Approaching the |
great service of the tree by which l |
am standing, as shown in the photo |
graph exhibited at the Palestine |
meeting, and reproduced in the new
edition of the New Horticulture, that |
being the one that bore the peaches |
which went to Rochester, N. Y, and
naE i fInn
The Florida agriculturist., 1906-05-09


they do, of which 1 feel very sure, ]
will notify the readers of Farm and
Ranch, and every peach growing com
munity i'm Texas should send a repre-
sentative here to see what really may
be called peach phenomenon, a de
tailed account of which 1 got the
printer in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
to sandwich in after the plates were
ready for the press.
And here 1 will say that the fruit
growers of Texas, and the world-fOr
its principles are of universal app1ica.
ton, owe the Farm and Ranch Com
pany, in whose journal they were first
printed, debt of gratitude for ego
ing down into their pockets in the
cause of truth and progress, and
bringing out this edition of the New
Horticulture, the total cost of which
they are paying. While none of them
have experimental along these new
lines, the astonishing results of my
shipping experiments last summer, and
the now general adoption and success
of root pruning, satisfied them that
this whole subject of horticulture re-
form was well worth investigating
though, of course, it is understood that
the book and its principles stand strict
ly on their merits.
neither received nor want one cent
from the sale of this book, nor have
l received a cent from foreign sales,
the right to publish having been given
free to alD, for the practice of its
principles has made me enough to
live cOmparativ easy on, the bal
ance of my days. l do hope that the
fruit growers of Texas especially, will
show their appreciation of Farm and
Ranch in their behalf And here, let
me give an incident that happened
when the book first came out, twelve
years ago. Thinking that a certain
prominent fruit grower, since dead,
would like to have a copy, wrote to
him. His reply came back: "Why
should L buy your book, when you
have already told us all you know
in Farm and Ranch?" Now, l want
to say l haven't yet told all 1 know
in print-''by a jug-full." l have not
yet told how L checked blight in my
orchard, which stands today
natural forest of pear
trees, while LIE Conte orchards all
around are mostly dead. 1t is just as
easy to throttle the blight bacteria as
to muZzle the germs of brown rot"
and L can show here perfectly vigor-
Gus, healthy LIE COnte and Kieffer
pear trees, which l challenge any
scientist, in or out of Texas, to inoc-
ulate with blight, and yet there are
many blighted and dying pear trees
all around. 1 have not yet told your
readers how nature originates her
grand fruit creations, or how any
fruit grower can duplicate them, an
of which l give in the
book, where a single peach seed has
produced a peach even larger than
Elberta and like it in every way eX-
-ept that it ripens a perfect success
sion. Of that peach Mr.. Dixon
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29

methods, Passaic, n j.
Nrithmetic-Miss Elizabeth Flemming,
Of the Baltimore, Md, Training School
English Literature and Psychology
Professor A. S. Mackenzie, of the State
College, OF Kentucky
K Drawing-Mrs. D. s. Read, Claremont
College, North Carolina.
Model School, Sixth Grnde-AIiss Louise
Galeski washington; D. Co..
Manual }Trainlng-N1 J. A. Burruss,
Richmond. Va.
There are other subjects and instruc-
tors under consideration which Will add
to the interest and strengthen this al
ready excellent course which will be an
5nounced later.
FL Precisely the same instruction will be
given to the white and coored teachers,
and the management consider themselves
very fortunate in being able to get the
Central and Normal Schools in which to
hold the sessions, as there will be prac-
.tically no time lost by the instructors
in going from one building to the other
While this summer normal is gotten
up for the benefit primarily OF our own
city teachers, all teachers from the sur
rounding towns and country will be well
come to attend on the same terms as our
nv, h 3 s. j. /. Il
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29
Training of Teachers.

Dr. Charles b. Gilbert, OF New York,
said: '"rho sole function of a school sys-
tenn Is to secure better teaching through
improving the Individual teachers, and
making 1t not only possible, but easier
for them to do their best work.
Ito says farther, in tho same connec-
ton: 1.-THE system which does not ac-
complish these ends, however carefully
organized or skillfully managed 1t may
he. fai'ed to justify It's existence, and
the system which In tho slightest degree
impairs the quality OF the teaching done
Is a nuisance and a, menace"
In this conception OF school system,
efficient teaching Is paramount, The
primary purpose Of our system Is to place
good instruction within the reach Of
every child OF the Commonwealth. Tho
noble work of our citizens leagues, tho
enormous expenditures Of the entire sys-
TEN. the official work OF every school
officer, from the lowest to the highest,
is all done with the one purpose OF maxi
Ing better instruction possible.
This Enthusiastically assumes a great
obligation and an apt competency on tha
mart of the teacher. The obligation of
the teacher is indeed q grave one and
to be fulfilled cleyerly involves the har-
moniols and Intelligent support Of off,
GERS. pat rons and punils. Grounds and
buildings, bricks pnd mortar, libraries
and apparatus do not, cannot WILL not
make d school, The humble, faithful
teachers, the spatient laborers IN the
class room are the school,; I.
70 fulfil his Obligation. the teNchtf
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29

school this year. Mr.. G. w. Glllspe, Is
anxious to get maximum results. and
he will do all In his power to bring his
grading to meet all State high school re-
quirements, and get his school on the
accredited list. If these conditions exist
at Cape Charles no one will rejoice more
than I do to know Of 1t.
In looking over the list of accredited
schools from University of Virginia, do
not find Cape Charles mentioned.
We have been discussing In Accomack
the feasibility Of graduating our Eighth
Grade or grammar school pupils from
all our public schools. Give them q
diploma showing their proficiency in
work in the common school branches.
Because so large portion of our school
population 90 out of our schools at this
point, and because such q diploma might
encourage a much larger per cent. Of
our pupils. to complete the grammar
school work.
OF the eight public high schools in Vir-
glnia accredited by University Of Vir-
glnia Onancock is one. T was discussing
graduation from an accredited rural high
school. and am as yet to find where T was
in error, or wherein l was In any way
rejecting upon the good results that
have been wrought by the friends of
public schools In Cape Charles-Far from,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29
AN INJUSTICE
TO TEACHERS

Editor of Tho Times Dispatch:
Slr,-Wll you allow me space in your
excellent paper to call attention to what
l conceive to be n mistaken and hurtful
practive in our Virginia Public School
System?
refer to the custom of requiring our
teachers to teach two years before they
are allowed to hold a first grade cer-
tificate and receive full pay for their
services This regulation, whether law
or CUSTOM Is driving our better prepared
young men and women away from the
public school work. No one, after thor
oughly preparing to do this work. likes
to seve an apprenticeship OF two years
before they can receive full pay.
The public school teacher Is but poorly
paid at least and to put two years
limitation on his salary is not even
tolerable and many who would BIO emil
nently successful refuse to work undor
such rule. This Is the only system Of
public service, whore preparation and
equipment are not allowed their reward.
Often tho discrimination Is against the
better qualified teacher.
A young lady OF bright mind goes to
college Mt great cost and sacrifice to
herself or parents, takes g. full course
and graduates with honor, takes her
examination with excellent grades. but
must take second grade certificate
and second class pay; while a ploddins.
poorly educated and maybe stupid teach
err who manages to make Tie requisite
grade, Though not SO good ms the otlier.
gets a first grade certificate and moro
money, 1t takes a less ambitious per-
son than tho average, aspiring young
man or woman to submit to that kind
OF treatment with grace and meckncss
Tho better prepared young teacher will
succeed from the start, while tho plOd-
dor will fail after years OF trial 1t
has been demonstrated time and again
that tho we'll prepared teacher on first
trial far surpassed his predecessor of
years practice. Tho young Inspiring
teacher should he given chance and
encouraged, rather than held back and
discouraged,
Put each teacher on his merit and
pay him accordingly, Sincerely.
j. w. w. SlIULER.
Graham. Va, April 7. 1906,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29

tIutil within the last few yclrs the
study OF nature In the country pubic
schools has been almost totally neglected,
ana even yet. if nn investigation be
made, ii viii be found, am sure, that
on the part of many teachers ana pupils
there Ia Il surprising ignorance as TO the
comnto,,est birds flowers and trees IN
tho woods and fields Immediately around
tic school house Itself. In the rcgular
school corsc, whIch in many districts ~
short and crowded, the teachers are 80
occupied with the practical and essential
subjects Of reading, writing. and arlth-
,nc,ic. thai ordinarily little attention can
hc given to the study Of nature, ana the
children. at The most imprcsslonaDlc age
are left undrcctcd to learn what thes
can by themselves. Though he Dogs,
through tie roDbjng Of nests ana INC ~
discriminate slaughter Of Some 81 p1t
sweetest song birds. become ia'ii'ila'
with most OF the comnloner speclea ~
our native birds: tile girls whose o''se.
cation IL usually quicker whose appre-
ct,i,nu fincr. and who need only SYM
nothciic guidance aud Intelligent lr',n
jnr, do not have even such dnesllo',a,p'e
nnnor,,,uitirs AZ these for famlllhTi"!hs
Themselves with the birds. though theS
may learn more about the trees anu ti''
flowers than the boys will. Such KNOW
ledge of nature as the children ACQUIRE
by themselves Z. Is us 4 Ichcra' lu.e ,
frAglnentary and rarely OF Pe'''' NJ 80.
value IN their education.
other causes for this neglect OF nature
s,,,dv In the country schools would seen,
10 be lack OF training on the part .,
many of the teachers and lack OF schooi
eo,Inmcnt IN the way Of DOCKS ahu
nictilrcs Yet without any previous si'e-
rial preparation every teacher may, ~
a l;ttIc Study and careful observation.
acnuirc n good working knowledge VI
the subjects. and thus be prepared 70
guide aud encourage his pupils 70 !. pet.
Ter understanding aud appreciation o.
the world Of nature around them. ~
!, comnnratiyeIv small cost few we'll
selected books may be purchased for me
.l,se OF both teacher and pupil: Thc 1oi-
lowing list may prove helpful: For the
birds. Blanchan's BIRD Neghbors," with
attractive full-pagc illustrations in coors,
olive Thornc Aiiilcr's First Book OF
Birds. {" and the books Of Chapman, Mabel
Osgood Wright. and John Burroushs,
FOR the flowers. Blanchans Natures
Garden" Mrs Dana's .'How to Know
Inc Ntiu fIo"cls ., ..3t" 80 80, +, =.
colors: and for the trees Matthew's
Granular Trees and Their Leaves. MISS
kcelers "How to Know the Trees, MISS
3 altcc Lonnsbcrry's charming volume In
colors, ana J. Horace MacFarland's Get
ling Acquainted With the Trees. '@ Al
most every month there appear on these
subjects 4 new books. cheap. attractive
and useful. and It would cost little to
have n shelf Of such volumes always
ready for reference. Still furtner#to
stimulate interest In the study OF nature,
the school walls. too often constructed
of bare dingy pine, should be hung
with colored pictures OF birds, plants ana
animals. such rs those published by q.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29


Owing to the fact that a great many
teachers in our public schools for good
and sufficient reasons are not able to
leave home in the summer to attend
normal schools in different parts Of the
State, a school will be conducted here
for the white and colored .teachers-fqr
white teachers at Central School build
ing, No. 4O7 North Twelfth Street, ana
for colorcd teachers at the colored
Normal School building, No. 521 North
Twelfth Street, beginning June 18th, and
lasting two weeks.
When it is considered that we have a
large number of teachers located In our
city: that the schools is to be conducted
during a pleasant season Of the year be-
fore the intensely hot wea Their sets IN;
that Richmond presents great many
points Of interest OF which many OF our
citizens are ignorant: that short excur-
sions can be made to places Of historical
Importance we see no reason why the
school will not be a great success and
In time grow to magnificent center Of
learning. isa l5.ts5 ifi5.
The plans as to the time and duration
o. the course proposed, were first sub
mittcd to the teachers They preferred
the instruction to begin as soon after the
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29

The following Is an outline of very
well received address delivered by Pro-
fcssor John W. Wayland, Brtdgewate'
College. at the recent district meeting
OF the Teachers Association held at Ear'
rIsonburg, under the supervision Of Pro-
fessor 0Ormond Stone on English lAtera'
ture in the Public Schools,
/. The need OF It: l. For the Protec'
ton OF the child--To train his taste and
direct him to the pure and slevatins
books, In order to keep him from sWai-
lowing trash and poison, .. Tor the FRO
lection of the Man In the Chd-To make
him aide to perform his part IN the great
social organism.
II. Tho Kind OF t--dl AS TO Character,
Clean, Clear, Beautiful, Powerful; 90 As
tn Fr,n--Partly Prose; Partly Poetry;
(s) AS to Nationality.
~ Partly Amsricani (9l Partly british
III. The Way Of It; ID AS II often -,
hut Should Not tBe.--Wanting altogevheri
Present. but not profitable; ta-) because
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29

THE Ninth Annual Conference OF East
ern public Education Associations opened
on Tuesday in New York at Teachers
College having had it's last conference
in Richmond, May, 1906.
Tho address OF welcome was made bS
DR.. Dutton Superintendent Of Teachers
College followed by talk on "EducA-
ton as Related to Social Needs" by Dr.
Maxwell, Superintendent OF the tuplic
Schools OF New York.
Delegates representing the Richmond
Education Association find the meetings
full Of interest and the metropolitan
schools inspiring and helpful In sugges-
ton. Probably the most wonderful pub
lie school In America is the newly erected
structure ons Hester Street, The most
congested district in the lower East SIDE,
whose capacity Is 81, 900 pupils, and whicn
cost a million and a quarter. This model
school is conducted on the departmental
plan. each teacher being specialist, and
there are no prncipals-a woman having
charge of the kindergarten and two first
primary grades and the other primary
and grammar grades being under a male
principal. Another unusual feature or
this school Is that only seven and eight
wear boys are admltted-thht ls those
which have been at school seven or eight
wears. Previous to this time these boys
have been In another school on the next
block. There arc slXty-two classes or
these seven and eight-year pupils In this
building alone. and this is done Tor me
purpose Of better classification, NINETY
nine Der cent OF these pupils are Russian
Jews, many of them from homes OF al
most hopeless depravity. So that the
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29

After six years active crusade on the
mart OF the Richmond Education Asso-
citation in behalf OF the new ideas In
education, the term Kindergarten" Is
but little understood IN our midst. The
name OF Its founder, Froebel, Is not more
unfamiliar than the principles Involved
in his system Of child training. To the
average man the school is preparation
FOR life. Froebel taught that each phase
OF life Is complete In itself, and that inc
more fully we live each separate stage
whether childhood, adolescence or ma
turty. the more perfect Is our growth IN
the ascending stages OF development. IN
recognition of tlhs great truth the KIN
dergarten Is based upon an intlinhto
knowledge of the child's three-fold ma
ture It's aim being to place nm N
possession OF himself and ms lhner'ta'' lou
in tho world about him. visitor 10 tho
kindergarten enters into new expe-
rience, ana he who comes to soon remains
to admire. Here he sees the tyrant OF
the nursery introduced into q community
governed by law and order, learning mo
lessons Of courtesy, politeness, opedlellee
and helpfulness. In song ana story, at
play or work, the duties OF IRE uh!ola
gradually before him, giving him an I'M
pulslon towards tho highest OF NE w
lies, that OF service. In the play tne
child Is most fully hlmself, and mere
Froebel saw his greatest opportunity N
Ills series of games, he introduces the
institutions of society, holding before the
child the highest Ideals Of humanity,
When the child plays. he no longer acts,
but becomes, for the moment the charac-
ter he impersonntes. Thus acting out an
idea, he reads the Inner meaning of8it
and models his conduct after the type
he admlres No game is perfect without
the cooperation OF every child IN 8'ths
Kindergarten Thus, a feeling Of unity
Is created, At his work, whether It 20
the period for manual training or build
Ing with his blocks, the child acqu'res
habits of attention, concentra tlon,, pa
.tience nea tness, accuracy and Industry,
He ID made responsible for his deeds,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29
Trinity College.
(sneolal to THE Times-pIspat

Especial to The Times-Dispatch.)
DURHAM, N. c., April 2s,-The Column
bian Society held special reunion meet
Ing on the 2lst inst, The regular pro-
gramme was done away with and
speeches were heard from old members.
After refreshments and cigars We're
served the following men were heard
from:
LA. Morgan, w S, Lawdermtlk, VI;
Wr. y. Crawford, '9l.J, NJ. Nustead g,
w. Woodward, Dir. J, u, Wolfe, j, g,
Huckobie, 'oi; Prot, A, H. Merritt. Prof,
w, II, Pegram, '79: G.. IT.. Livengood, '0i;
Prof, G. w. EdrSaris, 'st; W. F. Rudd,
'o4: Prof. w w. Cord 'ooa Mr.. S, A,
Johnson, q. G. Greever, A. NJ. '6; Mr..
II G. Richardson, 'o6, G. r., Handbook,
as; Raymond Browning
The annual Sophomore debate will be
held on May 4th. The question for dis
'nusslon Is, "Resolved, That the Hepburn
Pill should be passed by the Senate
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29

should know the order in which the
mental powers become active, and adapt
the instruction accordingly.
He should know that knowledge car:
be taught only by occasioning the appro-
pirate activity Of the learners mind,
lie should be So we'll acquainted with
mental philosophy that he could apply
all the fundamental principles of his pro-
fesson, He must DO q thorough scholar,
Not these alone must he be, but he mus:
he student OF human nature.
He should know the environments, the
virtues and tho lnclinatlons o. the child,
and deal with them judiciously,
He must acquaint himself with other
systems than his own, and be able to
make profitable comparison between
them.
Many other duties have teachers but
these are sufficient for us to know that
his post cannot be filled by novice.
The position Of the teacher IL second
to none in dignity, in intelligence and in
service, Therefore, his qualifications
should he second to none.
Lessen the qualifications of the teacher
and you will enfeeble the system;
strengthen the qualification and you will
uphold the system.
I beleva to put a trained teacher In
every public school OF the State would
win more confidence and esteem for the
system. and would bring to pnss more
direct aid abiding benefits than VIC can
contemplate. IN. COOLEY.
Carroll county,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1906-04-29
Educators of the East
Meet in Men, York

, attractions OF tho school are a strOnsH
incentive for right living. Beside their IN
regular course of study these children
IRE aided by the teachers IN forming and /
maintaining clubs OF various SORTS
ethical dramatic, literary aud musicas.a
III the last named art they seem specially n
gifted, attested in thcirS singing haNG;:*:
heard 400 singing together in peifect%
harmony and their orchestral music. aa,. is5$$s
TO us In Richmond. who have not the
serious Immigrant problem to deal with
| this work among foreigners III our own
! land reads like q strange. story, and IL
| IS only by visiting these schools aud $heilr-6
| ing the devoted untiring efforts of5SLs
| few true missionaries that We realize
What is being done for humanity In our
great cities.
Miss Rlchmnn. the district superln-g
tendent OF the East Side. gave ~ most
Interesting and practical talk at Teach
College the opening night, lin which she
showed how the American ideals of cleAll-S
lIness promptness, respect for huthorltR.9
obedience, honor and courtesy, were III
culcated. and how powerfully trey }t
been aided by the local authorities. In
conclusion, she said that puDtc euuS5rsS
ton associations could be advantageous
to the public school BY promoting greater
social opportunities for the teachers by
bringing visitors of note to the schools
as the sight OF one man or woman would
DO a lfe-long memory to the childreri,&
and be n stmulus that no amount Of
biography could bring about, and3by ed,-#
eating public spirited citizens by means
of decorating and bcautlfying the schools
or other public buildings 81
TJYCSYa s. COI.Fhf "A