New Ulm review., 1906-01-24
PROBLEMS IN COLORS
WHITE is COOL, YET ARCTIC ANIMALS
AS A RULE ARE WHITE.
Why Are Land Birds Mostly Dark
and Sen Birds, In Many Cases,
White r-Why Have Nearly All Pur-
Do. fAa

White f-Why Have Nearly All FUR.
pie Blossoms Poisonous Propertiess
In summer weather ladies, and men,
too, when possible wear white. Why?
To keep cool, of course, you will say.
If this be so why, then, are almost all |
the creatures that live in arctic regions |
clothed in white? The usual reply is
that the white color is for protective
purposes-in order, in fact, to make
them invisible to their enemies in the
midst Of the wastes Of snow.
But, consider, again. is this reasona
BILE? From whom does the polar bear
need to hide? He has no enemies to
fear And as for the birds which as
sumo a white plumage when they mi
CRATE north. surely they also have far
fewer foes in the polar regions than
when farther south.
Again, if white be cool color this is
surely another reason against the in
habitants Of the coolest regions turning
white at the approach of winter. It is
easy to strengthen this argument. Visit
the tropics, and you will find hardly
any white animals or birds. In the very
hottest regions Of the globe not only is
| man, as a rule. black, but the birds and
beasts are either very dark or else ex-
| tremely brilliant in color. OF tropical
birds the commonest colors run as fol-
| lows: Brown, dark green and dark blue.
emerald green, reds and yellows.
Speaking of the birds again. why is it
that land birds are mostly dark hued
while so many sea birds are white?
Here is another color puzzle. Almost
all song birds are somber in hue, while
the brightly colored species, such as the
| jays, the parrots and birds of paradise,
have naturally harsh voices.
! The colors of flowers and leaves offer
numbers Of interesting problems. No
| one quite knows why the prevailing
tint of early spring flowers is either
white or yellow Yellow, indeed, holds
its own to some extent all through the
summer, but the typical color Of sum-
mer blooms is pink, while as the au-
tumn advances richer crimsons and all
the rich, glowing hues Of dahlias and
chrysanthemums are seen.
Horticulturists have produced pop
pies Of pretty nearly every shade under
the sun, and with many other flowers
they seem able to alter the colors al
most as they please. Yet the blue rose,
the black tulip and the green carnation
seem as far off as ever they were in
spite of constant efforts to arrive at
them. Nearly three centuries ago
Dutch gardeners imagined themselves
on the verge Of inyenting black tulip.
The colors of the blossom of fruit
trees are limited to white, pink, bright
scarlet and purple. The reason no one
knows Nor is it clear why nearly all
plants with purple blossoms have poi
sonous properties. The deadly night
shade is an instance which will be
familiar to all country readers.
: It used to be said and many still
. imagine that intensity of color depends
upon intensity Of light. The brilliancy
Of tropical landscape seems in some
measure to bear this out. But any
: amount Of arguments may be deduced
against it. Rubies, opals and other
: exquisitely colored gems are dug from
the depths Of the earth.
The rays Of the sun have never
: touched them. The pulp of some fruits
is more richly tinted than the outer
rind, while the crimson blood of ami
mails is hidden from the light. What
could be more rich and magnificent in
color than the wings Of many moths
Yet these are all night flying creatures.
Speaking of moths, it seems odd that
there is no blue moth. Very few show
even touch or spot Of blue. The col
orings Of butterflies present many prob
lens, for there seems no order or meth
cd in their hues and markings, and a
| strange point is the absolute difference
e in these points between species other
wise closely allied.
e Why do autumn leaves turn yellow
K Here is question which is more cas-
e ily answered than some that have al
4 ready been suggested. The popular
a reply is, THE frost does it" This is
/ only partly correct. If a really hard
n frost were to happen early in autumn
It there would be no tints at all. All the
e leaves would turn brown at once. The
t really gorgeous colors are produced by
:, d SLOW anu ldli VI lCl1lpCl dIOA z
e Of course without too much wind OF
rain. The cold causes a chemical fer
ment, which attacks the color com
pounds in the cells Of the leaf It is
S those leaves which contain most sugar
Y which oxidize most rapidly and OF
= which, consequently, the color becomes
). most rich and brilliant.
= A question which is often asked is
h "Why do Holsters, shrimps and certain
i other similar shellfish turn red whe1
g boiled?'' It seems that the black color
j. ing matter which colors the shell of tn.
a lobster during life is an iron com
pound We know that iron rust is red
Thp effect OF boiling is practically t.
turn this iron compound in the lobstel
n shell to highly oxidized rust.
al The dislike OF certain creatures fe
:. certain colors is strange. It numbe
!, Of earthworms be placed in an oblons