The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1906-03-26

under the boilers by automatic me.
chanieal stokers.
The juice is then lined. to DESTROY
the acid, filtered and boiled bv steam
IN vacuum pans; thence it passes into
the crystaIlizers, from which it energies
as a thick syrup, heavily loaded with
sugar crystals. 1t then passes through
/ the eentrlfugais, where the molasses is
thrown off, to be returned and reboiled
or else to pass into the waste water and
/ out upon the land as a fertilizer or
| turned into the sea. The laws of Ha-
wan prevent the manufacture of rum
or alcohol from molasses. The sugar
passes through the drier and then into
sacks, TO be shipped to the refineries,
from whence it energies as the beauti-
ful white crystals SO familiar to us all.
During the development of the sugar
industry on the islands, the civil engi-
neer has had much to do. Now that
the work has become a matter of the
utilization of the developed results. the
larger portion of his field has passed
away, or has been surrendered to the
hands of the less experienced Porru-
guese or Japanese, so-called engineers
IRRIGATION.
Nearly all of the irrigation work of
the islands has been done on a scale
which only the government or great
corporations could accomplish. Pump
plants, large enough TO supply cities,
have been established and water forced
to elevations absolutely prohibitory I'M
der the crop production of this section
During my term of office as chief en-
gineer for the Waialua Agricultural
Company seven large pumping plants |
were established, having capacities
ranging from 100000 to 10000, 900 |
gallons per twenty-four hours. One or |
the plants in particular, consisting of |
two units, had a capacity of 100000 |
gallons to an elevation of 600 feet
This plant is larger several times, and |
more powerful, than the combined |
plants of the city of Spokane. Triple
expansion, condensing pumping en-
gines Were employed, drawing water
from II 12-inch artesian wells. Steam
is furnished by Babcock & Wilcox
water tube boilers, using automatic
stokers. The engines and condensers
in this plant were placed on a masonry
lined pit nearly 100feet square and COZ
feet deep in order to avoid suction to
The pumps. The discharge pipe from
his pump was of riveted steel and over
)ne and a half miles in length The
,oal bill for these seven plants is more
han 100000 per annum. On one of
he other islands similar, although a
mailer, plant was constructed in a
arge concrete-lined chamber, exea-
rated 275 feet below the level of the
urfaee of the earth, and when I left
vas in successful operation, though the
in the pit was such as to
make several shifts per day necessary
n the operation of the pumps.
WATER RIGHTS.
The water rights on the islands, being
cid by private individuals have made
he development of the mountain water
difficult task. Nevertheless, a num-
er of large reservoirs and canals have
cen constructed with view of en-
ound1ng the freshet waters. One of
ne last works upon which / was en-
aged was the uniting of three rivers
y means of tunnels and canals into /
ne main canal, delivering water into I
large storage reservoir. This reser-
DIR would easily float four or FIVE of
ur large battleships at one time.
Although much has been done to de-
elop the resources of the islands, much
ct remains to be done when better {
onditions prevail. Thus far the entire
i'm of the Hawaiian government has
cen with the view of fostering great
and the exclusion of the
mailer farmer and home. Valuable 4
overnment lands, yielding profits of
yer 5000 per acre have been leased in
rye tracts for long periods of time for
lie annual rental of so cents per acre,
nd even as low as 10 cents. Thou
lnds of acres of these lands are held
simply to hold the control
watershed, or to keep settlers out. =
he entire waters of many of the rivers
ave been sold for song to private
arties, who will neither develop them c
II permit their development or use
ithout the first payment of princely
ms and a high annual rental.
Although Hawaii has had all of the
ltural conditions necessary to support ,,
immense population of small farms :, -
Id homes and to send to the markets =.
the world large quantities of vain -
lie produce, the present leases must
,pire or be cancelled and new faction =
me into power before this era can z
Iwn.-Anaconda Standard