The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-04-08
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

could be made 70 sufer by abusing O picture or
S'S ns,d i%ssS OF hint II 50 when and S TSsrS Was
That nerce magic was a matter Of profound be.
lief In all the communities OF the Middle Ages II
we may Judge fairly from the precision and cruelty
Of the many statutes against invultuation which
arc TO be found in medinval legislation. The method
Of the witch who performed the operation was to
mould Of wax or clay q puppet in the semblAnce OF
the victim, and II was essential that II contain some
small portion OF his e1uvlH, such as q nall clipping
or a flock Of hair. BY sticking pins into the puppet
With appropriate muttenngs the witch could pro-
duce mAladieS In the corresponding members or
the victim. Tho clay image stopped short OF death,
but the wax image could produce death by being
put where II might slowly melt before some un-
hallowed IRE THIS was not the conjur OF an obi
man, but an article OF profound belief In the Eu-
ropean culture OF the troubadours and ~paladins.
The punishment for invultuation was Of the most
picturesquely horrible nature that could suggest
itself TO those who had the execution Of the high
Justice
TO me philosophers o. the Middle Ages For in:
who Was he, What other desSnations were thus
employed and 10 whom applied? G. n. MALCOLM.
The Angelic Doctor was Thomas Aquinas- In
the hrst epoch OF the schoolmen. tho Platonists,
between tho ninth and twelfth centuries, but two
were found worthy OF honor in epithet; Anselm
do5o-li1D. Doctor Scholasticus: Pierre Lombard
d1oo-6D. Master OF the Sentences. In the second,
the Aristotellan, epoch, all save one received titles;
Alain de Lille dll4-l2os), Universal Doctor: Thomas
Aquinas Q22l-7q. Angelic Doctor: Augustin OF
Ak, Eloquent Doctor: John FidanZa Bonaventure
Q221-TD, Seraphio Doctor; Alexander OF Hales
(died le4S Irretrangible Doctor; John Duns Scotus
Q2& Subtle Doctor. In the hnal epoch.
the revival OF nominalism, Thomas de Bradwardlne
d2eol349, Profound Doctor: william Durandus
de Poureain (died 1880, Resolute Doctor; Giles Of
Bourges, tho Doctor with Good Foundation: Gregory
OF Rimini tdied i35D. Authentic Doctor; Raymond
Lully u234-lSi0, Illuminated Doctor: William
ocham tdied l8aD the Singular or Invinclble Doctor:
and the last OF the schoolmen was Francois Suares
ass -i6lD.
Do you consider the sentence "he Is groomed'
good English when 1t is intended TO convey the
sense that a groom accompanies him: and IS the
participle groomed permissible In any sense
There Is no objection TO the particlple as such.
for II follows a sovereign law Of usage. As a ship
IS manned so may a man be groomed. But there Is
q fatal objection TO Its use to convey the sense
concerning which the question is asked. and that Is
that the phrase already expresses q sense some
what different. To be well groomed, TO use Its
most common form, does not express the physical
presence OF tho groom but rather the visible re-
suits OF his activity. While used now with tho
utmost freedom and p~ropriety the time is not far
remote when II was no moro than stable slang.
One may sec this In Bleak House" where Bob
Staples makes concerning Lady Dedlock "his
favorte original remark that she. Is the best
groomed woman In the whole stud" This was
In 1858. yet by 1883 the word had been so thoroughly
domesticated that Oliver Wendell Holmes used IL
with no slightest suggestion OF the currycomb.
What Is known about Adams second wife who
became a demon and against whose influence anu
lets were worm? j. X. MCLEAN.
Whether she was the second wife Of Adam. as some
have held. or preceded Eve. as Is the opinion Of
others, is a matter concerning which the authorities
differ. Liith does not appear in the orthodox
canon OF the scriptures except as a word dcscrip-
tive of evil spirits OF the Semitic type made familiar
by the ghouls OF the Arabian Nights. This aspect
OF Lilith will be found abundantly discussed Sub
roee Lilith) In the Jewish Encyclopedia. In the
Talmudic post biblical literature LIlith, whether
nrst or second wife OF Adam. was tile mother OF
swarms OF demons with whom she still inhablts
the middle air. In case a child smiles on the night
OF the Sabbath or OF the new moon Lilith Is playing
with Il and must be driven away with the rough
phrase "'Bmek ha .Meicl;. In the Middle Ages Llith
came out OF the ghetto and became a general
witch. to be plAcated. Some etymologlsts with no
great authority, have attempted to derive the word
lullaby" from "Lilith abb" U.llith begone,.
A little controversy has arisen which is left 10
loses all life Immediately upon leaving the water.
I hold that this cannot be true. 6. + I.
The question is distinctly reminiscent OF the
ancient proverb "as dead as a shotten herring. "
In common speech expressing a degree OF mortality
equaled only BY the dead doornail. The provcrb
makes It's nrst appearance In Its fnal form In 1896.
In the Merry Wives OF Windsor" II underlles the
speech OF Master Calus: by gar de herring is no
dead so as ] will kill him" The shottcn herring Is
one that has spawned. TIT stated on the authority
OF Brewer and the Dictionary OF Slang" that her
ring die sooner after leaving the water than most
FISH. Yet observation on n trawler of the North
Sea herring feet proves that the death OF the her
ring out a. water is nothing like the immediate
death the pilot In this argument notes.
Please explain the phrase though he lives as
long as the crows" In Horace. HOY long did they
survive? Sc. APPLEGET.
Horace does no, specify; in Ode II OF Book Ill.,,
verse 10, he uses the expression "annoSa cornix. g
which may be done into English OF sorts as the
yearful crow" LucretIus CDe Rcrum Natura. g
v, 1889 mentions the hoary centuries of the crow.
"cornlcum Ut sRcla vetusta." Ovid cMctamur-
phoscs," VII, ?7D begins TO give n definite figure at
nine centuries, "novem cornlcis sTcula.' And
PlIny CHistoria Naturalls." VII, 1881 gives the
estimate OF antiquity in n citation from Heslod
as the first and original authority fragment jN
that the crow lives nine OF the lives Of men, the
stag four and the raven three. bryant C'ForcSt
Hymn mentions the century living crow"
How did the name OF Gotham come to he applied
to New York? FRANCIS HORTON.
The Gotham in England. a parish In Nottingham.
shire, was long a butt OF stories of men as stupid as
conceited. After passing current from mouth 10
mouth for many years a collection of Gotham
stories was made in the reign OF Henry VIII. by
Andrew Dorde, from whom 1t is said that the term
merry andrew" is derived. Thenceforward the
tales OF Gotham had a wide and lasting popularity
in the form OF chapbooks and broadsldes. many OF
which are preserved In the collections OF the British
Museum. The common stock OF stories was applied
TO New York by Washington and William Irving
and JamcsK X. Paulding in "SalnagundI, " and at once
struck the popular fancy OF a New York which had
not yet become a colony of dollar works In the West,
I would like to get a book on the duties and
powers o. all attorney in fact. NJ. W.
We know OF no text dealing with the subject
specifically. OF course such duties aud powers
have been the subject OF many judicial decisions
and at any good law library 1t should be easy ia
(section IS, is drawn this definition: "A persc
10 whom the authority OF another, who Is called
the constituent, Is by him law fully delegated. Til.
term is employed 10 designate persons who ACT
under special az cncy, or a special letter o attorncy,
so that they are appointed IN fdc!um, for the deed
or special act to be performed; but In a more OK
tended sense II Includes all other agents employed
I'm any business, or TO do any act or acts IN pa:
for another"
Can you tell me what were the questions o.
death. but how the death cam | have forgotten
Indeed, | do not now recall In what mythology
Ochccula Is found. MARY StMMoSDs.
Ochccula was the most dreaded OF the Drzcwlc,
or nymphs OF the forest In the Slav mythology. |
- A. III. ~.