The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-05-13

The fact is recalled that, at the beginning
OF the nineteenth century, Egypt had been
for nearly three hundred years q province
of the Ottoman Empire. governed nominally
under the supreme authority OF the Porte
by a p sAl designated at Corstantinople,
but nilei in fact by resident Mameluke
Beys. II was in 1905 that an Albanian
soldier, with little but his own genius and
oourage to back him, was, after a trial OF
strength with the Turkish deputy Of the
Sultan, nominated by the Porte to be him.
sslf Govenoro of Egypt. Little by little his
power YVES consolidated and his ambition
grew. In 1907 he defeated a British force
which was operating in the interest OF the
supplanted Mamelukes. Few says our
author, who nowadays drive by the Ezbe-
Eieh Garden are aware that the space
which it covers wss hideo,s less than a
century ago with the heads OF British sol
dieYs whose captured comrades survived
only to be sold es slaves or to be asst ns
pris ,ners Of wal into the Citadel LOT Cairo.l'
In 1911 the Mamelukes were treacherously
dispcsed Of by n general mf ss lcre. Be-
tween that year and 1918 Ibrahim Pasha,
the adopted son Of Mohammed Ali, pene"
trated the interior Of Arabia and destroyed
the Wahqbi power. " years later the
Sudan ives invaded, n In 1922 the country
known &c Kordofan. west OF the Egyptian
Sudan proper, wls annexed. In 1923
Khartum WIS founded. In the next year
the Egyptian Pc sha united his military
and naval forces with these OF the Sultan,
and 90 in those days Egypt poss ssed no
inoorstderable fleet, he contributed largely
10 the conquest Of the Morea, In 1927,
however, the fleet of Mohammed Ali, with
that OF his suzerain, YVES des royed at the
naval battle of Navarino, Finally, turn
ing on the Sultan, his me SER, he marched
in 1881 his army almcsi to the walls of Con.
stantinople, and inflicted n crushing de.
feat upon the Turks at konia, the ancient
Ioonium. Our author correctly says that
sbut for the approach Of Russian troors,
the Turkish flag might have loated at
Rtambul over an Albanian dynasty, In
1888 the Pc sha Of Egypt was made also
Pasha of Syria, His ambition, however,
WIS not yet s,tisaed, and in 1880 We find
his adopted son, Ibrahim Pasha. again de.
feiting a Turkish army at Negib. The
Turkish feet deserted the Sultan and s,iled
no AloXhuUTlh otltp tiAStV Nio iVUu w WV
stantinople lay open to Mohammed AL
This We the zenith Of his fortunes. It 10
we'll known that Britain interpcsed, and
that with her help the Turks presently de-
feated the Egyptians at kalaat Madam.
The maritime stronghold OF Acre fell to
British, Austrian and Turkish s~quadrons,
The whole Of Syria WIS soon thereafter
evacuated by the Egyptian troors. Finally,
in lsil, the curtain fell on the drama Of
Mohammed Ais Turkish wars, leaving him
stripped Of his Syrian pc shalik, but holding
in his hand the Sultan's hrman comforting
on him and his family the right forever,
a bject to annual tribute, to occupy the
Egyptian throne,
In the year last named Egypt entered,
for the first time since the Turkish conquest
by Sultan Selim In the early part of the
sixteonth century, on a corporate existence,
separate and distinct. There was no rep.
resentative Of the Sultan In Cairo other
than Mohammed Ali himself, and hence.
forward the government OF Egypt, a
government Of the few over the many, Of
the fore On Turk over the native Egyptian,
had to stand or fall by It's " strength,
The Pasha Of Egypt and his dwindling
band OF Turkish fellow countrymen were
on the one side; on the other were the
Egyptians, a subject people, no doubt,
hut increasing in numbers, in intelligence
and In ambition. After ls4l there was an
ever decreasing flow Of fresh blood into
the veins Of the ruling class in Egypt,
Even in Mohammed Ais time the army
had ceased to be exclusively composed OF
hlbanians, Turks. Grcassians or black
troops from the Sudan. Soon after the
battle Of Konia natives Of Egypt were
freely admitted to the grades Of non
commissioner officers, and thus were sown
among them the germs Of military ambi-
ton which we're to fructify two generations
later, When with these facts we couple
in retrospect the ceaseless misery OF the
m IS Of the oppressed end plundered
Egyptian peoples it Is easy to see how
from the hour when the Nile land under