The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-06-17

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tpleon 10 denrgiled a. astonishing Whea
ma thinks ~ the dlhscuItles then eacoan.
,sfrd In obtaining the faw material from
America, and IN bringing the isva ntiFe
ro,,on overland, and wh~n ons alao con.
siiefs the inadeuuacy ~ the supply from
Naples and si-iiy. and the failure ~ the ~.
tSrutt W cultivate N In Corsica ~ the valley
~ the Hhone. Nevertheless Ohestampf
and Rlchard, With he partner fsboir, Sue.
c~ed~i In establishing important cotton
spinning faS,ofses with the machinery %
tho EnGlah spinning jenny
Prof Paris, shows how the Law n April -,
isio, hEsd once for all tho principles which
we're 10 govern mining operations In France,
II IL true that under the Empire not much
progress was observable Ia either mining
operations or In metaiurgio industries.
~ ~ - A-A l-al L1--la--
made great advances. The decree issued
on October IS Of the year just named on
factories and w~orkshop- which emit un.
healthy or offensive anells- laid the foun-
dation ~ the system Of stats regulation
still in force. Already seventy different
chemical industries could be enumerated
a. subjects Of authorization or inspection,
Philippe Lebon invented the system Of
gas lighting. Nicholas Leblanc having in
vented a process for manufacturing soda
made II known to the world. Lebon's in
vention remained for years practically
unknown; but that Of Leblanc. while IL re-
lieved France from the necessity Of i'm
porting foreign natural soda. gave IL in ex-
change a superior product at a tenth Of
the price.
We have said that Napoleon's downfall
was preceded by a grave economic crisis,
the causes OF which, however, were partly
Of political origin. By 1911 the population
Of France proper had begun TO suffer acutely
from the effect OF the continental system
and the continued war. Commercial activ-
ity fell of; the manufacture Of articles OF
luxury in Paris and Lyons was the first
branch OF industry to feel the strain. The
harvest Of 1911 was bad. Wheat rose from
II francs the sack containing about eight
bushels), a price already above the average,
until in 1912 1t reached 40 francs. DEGREES
Of March and May, 1912, aimed to remedy
this state Of things by limiting the use Of
grain in distilleries and by fixing the maxi
mum price at about eS francs per sack.
The same yea was one OF industrial de-
preston as we'll as Of scarcity Of food
staples. In Paris more than 10000 work.
men (cabinetmakers, goldsmiths, &c.) wore
out OF employment. Nor were the other
industrial centres much better of. It is
necessary to keep in Wow this, economic
crisis il we would comprehend the growing
discomfort with the Napoleonic regime
which eliminated in the deep rooted dis
affection of the population Of Paris.
Mr.. J. Holland Rose, who as We have
said contributes the chapter on 'The Ma
poleonic Empire at Its Height" sums up
on page $40 the results Of Napoleon's SUI
premacy. He points out that despite the
aeemingly complete overthrow Of the pre-
viously existing European system by the
Peace Of Tilsit, affairs tenoed speedily to
revert to a state Of equipoise. II is true
that Canning's wider plans for an alliance
with all the Scandinavian States ended in
comparative failure Denmark ranged her
self. on Napoleon's side; and as the pres
sure of events sundered Sweden from Great
Britain, Napoleon and Alexander became
supreme in the Baltic lands. II is also
.indisputable that Napoleon, by masterful
diplomacy, held Prussia at his feet, and
kept the French forces and those Of his
allies echelonned from the Elbe to the
The very magnitude, however.
the means thus amassed for the COM
stran gulstion OF Great Britain led
both Austria and Russia to adopt precau-
tionary measures. in which lay the seeds
Of future wars with Napoleon. Central
and eastern Europe was, as 1t were, rolled
in on itself, and began to find new means
DI TeblSUdnCp W btD COuduriOI'
the eagerness with which he extended his
political system over the south Of Europe
made an irreooncilable foe Of the Vatican,
and led to the Spanish rising with ite i'm
mense conseqiences-the p-ostponement Of
the plan for the partition Of the Ottoman
Empire, the preservation Of Prussia, the
encouragement of thu new national move
ment In central Europe, and the Austrian
challenge Of the year 1909. For the ON
plete success Of his 'des ms against England
Napoleon needed not only peace on The
continent, but the aoquiescenoe Of Govern
.ents and peoples in his supremacy. Thence
forth this became impossible, and IL re-
manned to be seen whether, with the feelings
Of fear and hatred now working against |
him In court and cottage, even The En-.
peror could succeed with his vast and COM
plex experiment, the continental eystem.'.
Touching the outcome Of the War Of 1903.
which marked the beginning Of the, popular
against Napoleon, Gen. Keim
admits that the Peace Of Schonbrunn, |
with which it concluded, laid very severe
conditions upon Austria. That Power coded
districts in Upper Austria, Carniola,
Carinthia and Graubunden to Bavaria aud