Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-07-28

sect-tight pit, vault or closet for the storage
of the daily offal Accommodations of each
stable, the surface always to be covered
with chloride of lime which should be
freely used in other filth repositories of
homes not supplied entirely with modern
plumbing. IF this plan be adopted" said
he house flies will have almost no chance
to breed, and their numbers will be so
reduced that they will hardly be notice
able
When the automobile garage shall have
completely replaced the horse stable and
modern plumbing shall have become re-
quired by law in every human habita-
ton the house fly will practically become
extinct in the center so blessed Until then
1t will be an easy matter to enforce laws
requiring the screening in summer of all
exposed foods and the proper disposal or
treatment of offal
Keep your eyes open when next you go to
market. tell all your neighbors what you
see and explain to them the dangers which
Turk upon the filthy loathsome house fly!
Evils Of Other Flies.
The bot-fy at this season are swarmng
about farms. The sheep bot-fy in summer
deposits it's young, already Matched from
the egg, in the nostrils of the sheep. These
grubs then crawl up through the nasal
passages of the animal and find winter
home between the two plates of the skull,
just above the eyes After growing and
developing here for ten months they travel
back through the nose by the way they
came and are finally launched forth into
the free air by the sleeps sneezing and
snorting from their irritation. They imlne-
diately burrow into the ground. and after
remaining quiet for a month or six weeks
come forth with wings fully grown. The
horse bot-fy has life history very similar,
but slightly more complicated 1t CLUES It's
unmatched eggs upon the hairs of the morse,
near to its lips and tongue. The newly
fsa frb cd ~
tongue into it's mouth, and, being I'M
consciously swallowed, attach themselves
to the wall Of the stomach, where they
remain several months. Finally loosentng
their hold they are carried out of the body
and complete their development In the
ground. Their near relatives, the "warbie
flies" lay their eggs in summer In the
hair Of cattle chiefly around the heels,
reach the mouth, and after boring through
the gullet, work their way through
the tissues up to the back, where they
finally show up beneath the skin. Here
they grow from midwinter to spring, and
next they work through the skin and burrow
into the ground after the manner of the
others These three insects greatly injure
the tissues of their hosts and lay founda-
tions for many kinds of diseases The
horn-fy deposits its eggs in the offal OF
COW stables where they remain until the
underground stage The serenity, another
of these ioathsome summer pests near to
man, lays it's eggs in wounds or decaying
matter, three or four hundred at time, and
the young pass into the ground before
growing wings.
Fleas Spread Disease.
Blood sucking flies, feas and ticks inject
into our blood the germs of such blood
diseases as malaria. The flea is the result
OF mans unclenliness, for the maggot-like
young do not feed upon animals, but upon
decaying organic matter which they find
amid dust and litter The Texas fever
cattle tick, which sometimes iVes upon cats
and dogs sucks the Texas fever germs
into their systems and after becoming IN
fected themselves hand down the disease to
their young. Thus generation after genera
ton store 1t up or inject 1t into the piooo
of ther victims
These insects have cost our southern cat
tlemen millions and millions of dollars lost
In deaths from Texas fever Control or the
disease was a problem until In 1893 Drs.
Smith and Kilborne Of the national bureau
of animal industries discovered that this
species Of cattle tick was responsible. To-
I-day the disease is controlled by driving cat
tie into dipping watts containing strong dis
injecting solutions.
1t is safe to say that there Is not a square
mile in the country today where men are
not combating one more insect pests de-
structiye 10 plant life. On large estates
hundreds. and often thousands of dollars
are invested in apparatus for this warfare
sprayers operated by steam or gasoline
pumps. tents for inciosing trees and envel-
oping them in the fumes of gases, perma-
nent plants for the preparation of washes
fatal to insects. etc.
Costly Orchard Pests.
Take, for example. the great war which
Is waging throughout the country against
the San Jose scale. The fears aroused by
this insect have led to more restrictive
| legislation by our states and by foreign
countries than has been induced by all other
insect pests together. 1t was discovered at
San Jose. Cal. In the early seventies In the
| orchard of James Lick. great lover and
| importer of plants Recent investigation
| indicates that it was carried to this or
etard in some nursery stock from China.
| The insect spread to some large eastern
nurseries. and 1t now occurs In practically
every state and territory OF the Union.
| Millions of dollars have been lost to It's APP
petite. and its discovery in an orchard was
often followed by the telling of the trees.
| Although determination is now impossible.
/ 1t can be controlled by spraying the infested
/ trees with q solution OF lime, sulphur and
| salt, Most large commercial peach. pear
and apple orchards of the east now have
steam cooking plants for the preparation of
/ this wash.
/ Millions of dollars Is the price paid by
/ Massachusetts for an accident met with
| by Prof. Trouveiot of Harvard In 1865.
| For use in some experiments IN the CROSS