The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1906-12-13


any gift or inheritance should be received.
In Its incidents, and apart from the main
purpose or raising revenue, an income tax
stands on an entirely different footing from
an inheritance tax; because IL involves no
question Of the perpetuation of fortunes
swollen 20 an unhealthy size. The ques-
ton is in its essence a question of the
proper adjustment of burdens TO benefits
Education of the Farmer.
The only other persons whose welfare is
as vital to the welfare of the whole coun-
try as is the welfare of the wageworzers
are the tillers of the soil, the farmers. 1t
is mere truism to say that no growth
of cities, no growth of wealth. no industrial
development can atone for any falling off
In the character and standing of the farm
ing population. During the last few de-
cades this fact has been recognized with
eyer-increasing clearness. There is no .ong-
err any failure to realize that farming, at
least in certain branches, must become a
technical and scientific profession. This
means that there must be omen to farmers
the chance for technical and scientific train
Ing, not theoretical merely but of the most
severely practical type. This education of
the farmer is peculiarly necessary here in
the United States, where the frontier con-
dlllohs even In the newest States have now
nearly vanished, where there must lie a
substitution of a more intensive system of
cultivation for the old wasteful farm man.
agement, and where there must be a better
business organization among the farmers
themselves.
Several factors must cooperate in the i'm
proyement OF the farmers condition. He
must have the chance to be educated i'm the
widest possible sense--in the sense which
Keeps ever In view the intimate relationship
between the theory of eduction and the facts
OF life This Is especially true of the farm
er. All students now realize that ed1ca
ton must seek to train the executive DOW
ers OF young people and to confer more
real significance upon the phrase dignity
or labor" and to prepare the pupils so
that in addition to each developing In the
hisnest degree his individual capacity for
WORK, they may together help create
right public opinion, and show in many
ways social and cooperative spirit. Or
sahization mas become necessary IN the bus-
mess world, and IL has accomplished much
Tor good In the world of labor. Ii is no
less necessary for farmers. Such a move
ment as the grange movement is good in
t f. and capable of a well-nigh Infinite
TURNER extension for good so long as II Is
kept 10 Its own legitimate business The
oenents 10 be derived by the association
Oh farmers for mutual advantage are partly
economic and partly sociological.
moreover, while in the long run yolun-
oary cnort VIII prove more efiicacious than
government assistance, while the farmer.
must primarily do most for themselves vat
the government can also do much Tbe
department. OF agriculture has broken new
saounu IN many directions, and year by
s va !. mas how 1t can improve its meth
Gus anQ develop fresh usefulness Its con.
slant effort is to give the goyernmcrt., eo az
s,stance In the most effective way: that js
tnrougn associations Of farmers m P,er fhsn
10 or through individual farmers.
irrigation and Forest Preserv.tsou
Much Is now being done for fbe states
oL the Rocky Mountains and Great Pia,ns
,a n,svugn the development of the national
tion; no government policy for the hea, va
n,ent OF our internal conditions has henn
nlore fruitful OF good than this. Tbe FOR
s anS. 2. me White Mountains and Southern
serped na regions should also be pre-
nia eS ana tney can not be unless rhe neo
p .s Oh the States. in which they lie. thrapch
, rle. representatives In Congress- secnre
ment. "auonai govern
riage and Divorce Laws.
am Wen aware OF how difficult n ,s 70
thslsss constitutional amendment. Never.
of marriaoa my Judgment the whole question
- ,aiftase and divorce should no reIera tod
40 .he authority of the National coneress
20 20 present the wide differences in the 10 W..
a.. sne uinerent States on this subject result
notbina' m ana abuses; and surely there is
NJ tho n 81 sllaiIy essential to the welfare
~ ~ me nation, nothing around which the
nation should so bend itself TO fhrow eva-r
safeguard: as the home life of the avereao
e enaae Inc change would be good from from
be good becanse T. wn In particular it would
sress tne power at once to deal radIrallv
ahd einciently with polygamy: and fb;s
> S ~, De cone whether not marriage
ana ana divorce are dealt with. 1t is neither
n n"ir nUr proper to leave the question Of
Stases. Power to deal with it should no
conferred on the national government.
DeyeIouueuf ~
Let me once again call the attention OF
the congress to the question of develonino
american shipping. ! trust that a law EN-
oodying In substance the views or a maio
part OF tne views, expressed In the report
on ms subject laid before the House at
us last session. will be passed 1t will
or course benefit primarily our seaboard
States such as Maine, Louisiana and Wash
ington; but what benefits part OF our neo-
pr, e,f IN me end benefits all: just govern
ment ana TO irrigation and forestry In the
west Is really Of benefit, not only TO The
try.
Need Of Currency Reform.
! especially call your attention to the
tional bank act has ably served great mr..
pose In aiding the enormous business deyel-
opment OF the country; and within ten
years there has been an increase in circu-
Iation per, capita from S21.41 to s3s.Os.
lating that additional legislation Is need
ed. The recurrence of each crop season
emphasizes the defects Of the present laws.
ihere must soon be revision of them, be-
cause 10 leave them as they are means to
incur liability Of business disaster. since
your body adjourned there has been a fiuc-
tuation in the interest on call money from
: per cent TO 80 per cent and the fuctu-
alton was even greater during the preceding
six months The Secretary Of the Treasury
m N I'm xxsfo.
stop to the most violent period of osciIla-
ton. Even worse than such f1uctuation is
the advance In commercial rates and the
uncertainty felt In the suficiency of credit
ests suffer during each crop period. Ex-
cessve rates for call money In New York
attract money from the interior banks into
the speculative field; this depletes the fund
tnat would otherwise be available for COM
mercial uses, and commercial borrowers are
forced TO pay abnormal rates: so that each
fall tax, In the shape of increased inter-
est charges, Is placed on the whole CON-
merce OF the country
that our present system is seriously defec-
tive. There Is need Of change do not
press any especial plan.
The Philippine Tariff.
/ most earnestly hope that the bill to
provide a lower tariff for or else absolute
tsade law IN NS o Sa1m Viii be
American industry: and while there will be
some small but real material benefit to the
the main benefit will come by the
showing made as to our purpose to do all
In our power for their welfare. So far our
action In the Philippines has been abund-
ant,y justified, not mainly and indeed not
because OF the added dignity II
has given us as a nation by proving that
We are capable honorably and efficiently to
bear the international burdens which
mighty people should bear, but even more
because OF the immense benefit that has
come TO the people of the Philippine islands.
In these islands we are steadily introducing
both liberty and order, TO a greater degree
than their people have ever before known.
and next spring. IL conditions warrant, we
shall take great stride forward in test
Ing their capacity for selfgovernment by
the first Filipino legislative as
sembly: and the way In which they stand
this test will largely determine whether the
self government thus granted will be in
creased or decreased; for II we have erred
at all in the Philippines 1t has been in pro-
ceeding too rapidly in the direction of
a large measure Of selfgovernment.
We are building roads. We have for the
good Of the people, arranged
FOR the building OF railroads. Let us also
see to Ii that they are given free access to
our markets. This nation owes no more
duty to itself and mankind than
the duty of managing the affairs Of all the
islands under the American hag-the Phil
ppines, Porto Rico, and Hawaif-so as to
make Ii evident that 1t Is in every way to
their advantage that the flag should fly