davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
BOWLING GREEN
Early History OF the Famous knickcr'
Ockcr Recreation GrOdnd.

From the Bankasiac.
At FIRST the lower part OF Broadway, facing Bowl
Ing Green, was called The Market Field: after
ward II was spoken or as the Here STRAIT" or
chief street, and later named Broad Way: and
lines OF streets and boundaries OF lots were laid
mostly by chance. In March. 1882, the Aldermen
Resolved. that this Corporation will lease a piece
OF land lying at the lower end OF Broadway, 'front.'
ing 10 the Fort. 10 some OF the Inhabitants OF the
said Broadway. In order TO be inclosed TO make q
Bowling Green thereof. with walks therein. for the
beauty and ornament OF said street. as well as for
the recreation and delight OF the inhabitants OF the
city, leaving the street on each side thereof so feet
BREADTH" and three public spirited and sport
loving citizens" John Chambers. Peter Bayard
and Peter Jay, hired the PLANE for eleven years In
return for the payment OF a peppercornl IL was
at once lifted up for the playing OF bowls. and when
the lease expired II was renewed by John Chambers.
Colonel Phillipse and John Roosevelt for another
eleven years at a rental OF twenty shillings per
annum. Thus originated the name Bowling
Green" though for what reason the sport was not
continued after the second lease Is not clear.
Several famous houses have stood near Bowling
Green. and one OF these was q building al I Broad
way. erected In 1873 by the English Captain Ken
needy, Afterward Earl OF Cassllls, which In time
came 10 be used by Washington and Generals Lee
and Putnam as their headquarters. A boarding
house, known as the Washington Inn, followed,
and later Cyrus Field called his new structure. on
the SAME site. the Washington Building AZ
what is now 0 Broadway, Benedict Arnold lived
after the capture OF Major Andre. and II was while
he was there that he just escaped being kidnapped
back into the patriots lines by q band OF daring
colonists. Nearby also Captain Martin Crcgier
built, In 1859, . tavern which stood under bis name
until II gave way TO a hosiery known nrst as the
Kings Arms Tavern and during the Revolution
as "Burns's Coffee House." This was among the
few buildings that escaped the ores OF I77s and 1886.
and as late as 1850 IL was stiI standing under the
name OF The Atlantic Garden"-only the second
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
Election Law Confusion.

The demand after recent elections that
all the complex, confusing and iinprao-
ticable provisions Of the election law
should be simplifed or abolished has
become imperative this year.
The Board of Elections has been in
almost continuous session for ten days;
the printers charged with the prepara-
tion Of the tickets have been rushed to
the verge of breakdown and entangled
by contradictory orders; the time of
Judges has been needlessly taken and
the work Of the courts seriously inter-
rupted by a flood Of ineXplicable dis
putee, and the outcome Of the contro-
versy is more confusion in the tickets
and the names upon them than in the
beginning.
Notaries have worked overtime; COM
missioners Of deeds have been diligently
certifying to nomination papers invalid
from the beginning, and in some cases
khe crime Of forgery by candidates has
been under investigation and in other
cases the larceny Of petitions, forged or
genuine, has been alleged.
OlCaTuc6b dud OOHClsCLcSo III uCllillllS
khe methods OF nominations is as neces-
a as In the provisions for voting,
which are subject to very little dispute.
They are plain, simple, practicable, and
do not require frequent judicial inter-
probation.
The right to nominate candidates for
elective Office "a be made as simple as
ths method Of voting, and an official
ballot instead Of being a puzzle to the
patience and a challenge TO the forbear-
snce Of the voter, can be made so plain
that It can be intelligently marked by
any voter.
Successive Legislatures have evaded
the duty Of clearing away the tangles of
nominations and have thrown the entire
burden OF clearing up the antiquities OF
the law upon the courts.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04

From DAILY Consular ana Trade Reports.
The consumption OF beer IN France has Increased
BY more than 20 per cent. during the past I'VE years.
and reached, during the past year. the imposing
total Of ~ .OO0, 900 hectolitres. or 81, O4O. 900 gallons.
This result can hardly surprise any one who has
noted In Paris and other large cities OF France the
rapid development OF the "brasserie," or cafe res
taurant. where beer is sold. Much OF this beer ia
imported Tor purports to be $. from Pnsen ana
Munich. though most OF the leading brewenes in
other German cities have Paris agencies ana dis
tribute their beer TO retailers. This entails high
prices 10 consumers. as there Is an import duty Of
from sl.73 TO se.3l per 100 Kilograms C22o pounds.
weight OF cask included. on all foreign brcwed
beer brought into the country. and under the stimu.
Ius Of this protection the brewing Industry OF France
has developed rapidly both in respect 20 quantity
and quality OF Its product.
IL does not appear that the Increased use Of he.y
has diminished in the slightest degree the con-
sumption OF vine and cider. and the one encour.g.
Ing feature OF the situation IL found in the fact tbs,
the Of alcohol. especially in the peril.
Gus form Of absinthe. 10 slowly but steadily d.
c~reasing. The statistics OF 1904 show that during
that year III $50 hectolitTes a.os7 ass gallons, a,
sbsnthe were sold for drinking purposesi in FRANC.
whereas 1905 showed . falling on 20 l77. sos hecto.
ntres ASST so gallons. or rs per cent. This h.
not . sweeping or conclusive reform, as the An.
slnthe habit Is stIll one OF the gravest periIs that
threaten the manhood OF France: but the statistic.
show that the ma imum danger point has been
passed. and the decline OF even so small a percent
age In abslnthe consumption Is accepted as ground
for Encouragement and hope.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04

DR.. EDWARD EVERETT HALE says it
makes q man cry to see the devasta-
ton Of the White Mountain woods, and
no doubt he Is set down as a sentiment
talist. Congress listens, however, when
told Of the damage in dollars and cents
to the herdsman and the mill owner by
floods poured into the valleys because
the restraining tree growth on the hill
sides has been cut and burned away.
1t is obvious that unless sufficient pres
sure a be brought to bear upon the
House OF Representatives at the short
session Of the Fifty-ninth Congress,
which meets again in about a month,
the White Mountain appalachian bill
will be on the docket as unfinished BUSH
ness when the time for adjournment
comes and the forests of the Presidential
Range will be doomed. The campaign
Of education would have to be taken up
again when the Sixtieth Congress met,
and meanwhile the skinning of the
m~ountainsides would go on. Contracts
for cutting have now less than three
years to run, and IL is "a the interest Of
the lumbermen to make haste, unless
there is a prospect Of selling to the Gov
eminent at a reasonable profit. The
National Forest Reserves bill, which
has already passed the Senate and is
now on the House calendar, a~ppropriates
$4,000, 900 to preserve the White Mountain
forests and 100000 to "a v a tract
In the Southern Appalachians. In Bos-
ton the other day there was a meet
ing, attended by officers Of the Amer
lean Forestry Association, New England
State foresters and others interested,
including Ex-Governor ROLLINS Of New
Hampshire, to consider plans for advance
ing the bill in the House. 1t was decided
to continue the education of Congress-
men. That is well enough in q general
way, but the friends Of the forests would
get quicker action by communicating
directly with President ROOSEVELT and
Speaker CANNON. In a speech at Raleigh,
n. c., about a year ago. the President
declared that neither State nor nation
a afford to turn these mountains yer
to the unrestrained greed Of those who
would exploit them at the expense Of
the future" Now a vigorous para
graph in his forthcoming message to
Congress mi do wonders for the Ma
tional Forest Reserves bill, and no
doubt would make something of an i'm
preston upon the mind of the Speaker.
The forestry commissions and the APP
p~alachian Mountain Club would save
time and expense by taking the short
cut; but they must be prepared with
statistics to win the House, and should
not neglect to enlist members who can
work as well as speak on the floor.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
Two Mammoth Chfmneys.


The electric power plant now being oonstructed
for the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company AZ
Delaware avenue and Laurel street. Philadelphia.
Pa. is larger than any such plant now in operation
anywhere in the world. though several monster con
Germs OF the same kind have recently been planned
for other places. This plant 10 designed 70 furnish
all the energy needed to opepste the elevated and
subway lines on Market street and will still have
abundance OF power lett for other uses.
The most Interesting feature OF these plants 10
the immense chimneys. They are constructed OF
reinforced concrete. with points In their desigs
which make them very different from tho ordinary
brick chimney for similar purposes. While they are
spoken OF as l7S feet high. that is only the lenxth
o. the chimney. The top OF the chimney 10 really
ISL feet above the street level. the bottom OF the
chimney beine about seventy feet shove the boiler
room Nor. The construction is unique In that the
boilers are beneath the chimney and the smoke
does not enter them through q side nue but from
the bottom. which is 10 feet 7 Inches shove the tops
OF the boilers. The chimney nue OF core Is Il feet
In diameter in the clear.
Each OF these chimneys serves Q battery or set Of
eieht boilers. Each boiler has q capacity Of scN
horsepower 90 that each chimney hss d4Oo horse
power. and the entire etvht 81. 300 horse power.
In terms OF electricity. each set Of boilers will xen
crate 5000 kilowatts and each chimney will furnish
natural drsusht for the Of 5000
pounds Of coal an hour.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04

station Of the Abruzzi expedition. II
took him away from instead Of toward
the pole, for II landed him in Greenland;
and the final breaking UP Of the ice
destroyed all hopes Of further sledging
to the north.
When NANsEN and CAGNI made their
record sledge journeys they were greatly
embarrassed by weak new ice and open
water. but their field was not utterly
destroyed for sledging PURPOSES by the
complete disruption Of the ice, as was
the case with PEARY last spring.
In spite of the terrible difficulties ne
made the highest north. Probably the
least of his hardships vas that he was
driven to eat his dogs. There is poorer
food in the Arctic, and CAGNI, who was
reduced to the same necessity, testified
that dog meat is excellent.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
Electricity In the Home
From Casters Magazine

FTUW OUSsEtT y HUVIFTFs
In a 5000 OF $4,000 house. II is a very COM
mon matter 10 wire for electric lights: but by
giving the subject a little further attention with
your electrical contractor and the architect, IL Is
possible 20 arrange outlets for lighting socket
heating devices al very little extra expense. Such
receptaclee would be taken OF from the lighting
wires in a very simple manner. The cost OF operat-
ing later. atIighting rates, would not belarge. for the
reason that the electrical devices which will be
used on such a circuit consume only a small amount
OF electricity and are generally used for only short
Intervals Trey would comprise. for example,
the channg dish. the coffee percoIator. heating
pad. cigar lighter. sha wing mug. curling iron. baby
milk warmer. small frying pan and many others.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
Humtliasion az the sultan.

'Fs ANNeTts
The sultan OF Turkey. who never raves Yldis
Kiosk except 20 20 10 prayers on Friday At noon.
proposed 10 send various high dien'tayies 10 re.
cefve the Kaiser a. be stepped on the shove OF the
BosrorNs at the orncisl landing place ION his visit
TO constsntipople).
The Kaiser required that the Sultan must receiv.
him In person, and the Sultan had to Yield, for be
keenly desired the glory ia Mohammedsn eyes o.
having . Eurooean sovereign come 70 nay his re
spects TO the Commander OF the Faithful.
The Sultan was waiting. then. 70 receive the
Emperor as he stepped from his hoat and two
carriages were In readiness. one TO convey the two
sovercigns and one for the Empress. The Kaiser
overturned the arrangements by putting the En-
press into the nrst carriage with the Sultan, uhile
he himself occupied the second. So the Sultan
endured the indescrtbable humiliation OF driving
through the streets OF his own capital. before the
eyes OF his Mohammedap subjects. sitting side BY
side with a Giaour woman. Nothing could BE-
more humiliating TO the Sultan than that situation
and the most effective counterbAst to his Pan
l1Anlic propaganda would be 10 circulate through
all Islam the description OF that drive, n suy
Mohammedan could be induced to believe II.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
States and the Transvaal. are shown:

For several years the problem o. a water supply
for the gold fields was most dinncult TO solve. for In
that territory, about 400 miles from Perth. the CAPT
tai Of the state, there are no rivers. few natural sup
plies OF surface water and the rsinf fall is light. The
Vital importance o. overcoming this difhculty was
recoSnized by the State. and some idea Of the mag.
nitude Of the undertaking may be formed by the
cost OF the construction, which was more than
S5.o0o.0o0. In 1895 the Premier OF the State oh.
tanned the approval Of the Legislature TO an cx-
penditure OF 81. for the provision o. a sup
ply Of 5000 900 gallons OF water a day. The work
was Theoretically pushed and brought to successful
completion In 1908. The supply. which 10 now re-
Garded as adequate to the demands of the gold
nelds. is pumped sSi miles.
Fully 5000 men are ENGAGED in MINING. and the
WAGES paid are suf1ciently high 10 induce nrst
class miners 70 remain permanently emp'oved.
In the gold nelds the value Of mining machinery
IN use amounts 10 approximately $40 Ooo. 900. ana
there have been erected about 1910 stamps. These
nSures show concluslveIy abe splendid Industry that
has been built up. and all conditions now point
to a continuance Of the prosperous conditions.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
Tn. Perfect Bridge Player.

NVVF Nt " ~
Who Is the perfect bridge plsyer' Who is he
whose partner evry man would wish 10 be-
He who, a. whist once exPyt. now when brought
Subtle Improvement In his fOTner thought:
Who, quite unfctttrcd by his ancient ways,
AdApts himself 70 circumstance and plays
As ~ nAe directs, though with a due regard
To what convention says on the discard,
The lead and declarations: quick TO learn
What knowledge can perform and yet discern
Occasions when adherence To a rlle,
In Oh -oTy right, In practice mar - the fool:
Who doomed IN play In pnrtn, rshIp with men
Prone TO declare on I've hearts 10 he ten
Without support, assembling all his pain
Turns his ncCt ssity 70 glorious gain,
And. come what VIII, II equal "a the need,
Maxine his partn, rs widest calls succeed;
Is placAble and slow 10 take offence.
Mid 20 the rash and gentle to the dense.
Eager 20 praise. yet dlslnclned 10 chide,
Most snllln when he's most dissatisfied:
Is not detected when his cards are bad,
Nor. when They're good. eKub, ranLy glad:
VINO. with a toward or untowArd lot.
PTosp rous or hdyt Tse, 20 his wish or not.
still rom his hand gets all that can he GOT.
Plays 10 the score and Judges from It's state
When TO be bold or when to hesitate,
And OF two declarations makes that one
Who takes In calling and 10 doubling. too,
Just the same time 10 way what he win do.
And never by an ovCrionE delay
Hints what may influence the partners PLAY
Who nnally, though scrlpulously fair,
Loses no chance Of scoring, and takes care.
While he observes the rigor OF the game,
That those who play with him should do the same.
This Ia the perfect bridge player. This 10 40
Whose partner sy'ry man would wish 70 be-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
The National Forest Reserve. Bill.

Visitors to the Presidential Range
during the summer have returned with
melancholy stories Of the havoc made
on the TANKS OF Madison, Adams and
jefferson by the lumberman's axe. Mr..
HARVEY n. SHEPARD OF the Appalachian
Mountain Club reports that a clean
sweep Is being made Of the standing
timber. Not yer saplings are spared
by the company which is telling hem
locks for the pulp mills at Berlin Falls,
and cutting other trees for the lumber
market. Nothing is left but unstable
slash, which burns rapidly II ignited.
The side Of a mountain burned over
becomes a feeder to floods in a rainy
season, since no soil remains OF which
trees will grow.
It is calculated that unless the House
Of Representatives can be persuaded to
pass the bill for the preservation Of the
forests about the water sources in the
White and Southern Appalachian Noun
tains the Presidential Range will be en-
tirely denuded Of trees within three
years. The damage to the farming,
manufacturing and shipping interests
Of the New England States affected has
been pointed out again and agnin and
helplessly admitted. A city "a far south
as Hartford reports an ~unevenness in the
flow OF the Connecticut due to opera
tons of the lumbermen, the result Of
which, on the authority Of President
GOODRICH Of the Hartford and New York
Transportation Company, is that when
mills on the upper river are obliged TO
close their dams steamboats, cannot
leave Hartford or come up TO their
docks. The summer resort business,
which brings millions Of dollars TO the
people Of New Hampshire every year,
is also menaced by spoliation Of the
forests. but 1t Is a phase Of the agitation
that makes no impression upon Congress.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
Gold ssinius In western Australia.

FTo" D7lV TT1f and ConsnI1v Repovts.
God 10 stu 70 be tolnd In abundance in Western
Australia and constitutes the States chief source Of
wealth. Since 1891. when practically the nrst dis
covery was made, there has been q constantly
increasing output. with the exception o. 1900. 1904
and 1905. when the yield fell slightly below that OF
preceding years.
Prior to isos the entire production amounted to
approximately se4.OooyoOo but In that year work
was bevun In earnest. with The result that IN the
succeeding twelve months more than $50 OO0.o oO was
taken out. In 1901 the sterling value OF the rod
mines was E6. T1ess1 s2s. 502 SOIL; IN 1902. e.. ooa i4e
0s7. o29. s2D: in 1908. es.sa6 $40 $40. SOS. OBS In 1914.
Es.l2s.%S6 0sa So OOsl; In 1905. E7.sls.ol2 s3s. 1854
IA2; and up to May 81 OF this year the Yield amounted
20 csoA.275 0l4.s14.oeg. For purposes o. oom-
parisou and 70 show the position which western
Australia occupLes In the world as a Rold pnoduc-
fnV State. the neures OF 1904. showing the yield In
onnces o. Western Australia. Australasia, the United
States and the TKanaNaaI are shnun.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04

To THE EDITOR or TIE SuN-Sir: Mr..
John Conway. who doss me b honor OF
noticing my last letter. holds that equality
Of opportunity 10 the law OF nature and
that all animals rave equal opportunity
except man. Would he regard as an Illus
tration Of his axiom the lot. which happens
just TO have fallen under my notice. Of a
mouse in the claws Of a cat1 Not equality.
but inequality Of all kinds. whether it Is the
law or not. has surely so far been the fact
Of the universe. Mr.. Conway admits this
when he says somewhat POLITICALLY that we
have been despoiled Of opportunity OF
equality for thousands Of years-ever since
the Garden Of Eden. This idea that at some
period undetermined and unknown to his
tory a universal robbery Of one class by
another took place is always recurring; 1t Is
but an angry dream.
Inequality Of capacity surely is inequal-
itv Of opportunity. and the existence OF
inequalities Of capacity infinitely various
can hardly be denied.
l wish to say nothing disrespectful OF
socialism. It is a natural aspiration bred
Of the inequalities OF the human lot and the
h~9xshness Of competition. 1t has been the
dream Of gifted intellects aid earnest lovers
Of their kind. But before we leave the
beaten track Of gradual improvement we
crave to be distinctly told what Is the
change which IL is proposed to make. by
what means it is to be brought about, and
the constitution, powers n func-
tons Of a Socialist Government are to be.
As to the mode in which the change is TO
be brought about. Socialists at present are
confessedly divided in opinion. Some are
against force. some are for 1t, and some are
for a bomb throwing ANARCHY.
The mode, one Socialist writer tells me.
Of bringing about the reign Of justice and
fraternity is very simple. It is the gradual
increase Of the power Of the labor vote.
Labor IL simply the wage Garner. And
the leaders Of the wage Farmers in the Brit
ish Parliament have plainly intimated that
thcv are there to promote not the general
interest of the commonwealth. but that OF
their own class. The use Of political power
for the purpose OF transferring wealth by
legislation from one class 70 another is an
object definite enough. and evidently being
very practically pursued. As to its broth
erlv beneficence. people will be apt to form
different opinions. according to the class to
which they may happen to belong.
GOODWIN SMITH.
TORONTO NovemhAr ,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
To Build Rolling stock I'm India.

From the indian World.
One OF the main schemes Of the Railway BOARD
IL 70 have rolling stock built IN part In India, which
will give manufacturing nms In this country an
opportunity for tenders for the construction of
wagon frames and hOiIes. The experiment viii
also he extended to state lines. tenders being re-
ceived up TO Is per cent. ~ the total number os
wagons sanctioned for construction yeirly. while
axles. wheels. &c. will be obtained by each raj.
way administration on lndcnt from home and h.
supplied % contracting Drms. From what the
board have seen o. the bNz workshops IN the lines
they have traversed they feel satisfied hat rolling
stock OF the best quality could be turned out In
india. although the stsel would have 70 be i'm.
ported. The wAyon building Industry would make
rapid progress In meeting orders which the board
guarantee.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1906-11-04
sledging to the Pole.

Until Commander PEARY Is able to
mpply more details Of his remarkable
sledge Journey, few comments can be
made on his work. His brief despatch
supplies at least convincing proof. that
his splendid struggle to get to the pole
Is scarcely paralleled by any previous
sledge journey On the Arctic seas. 1t
may prove to be the last Of these attempts
20 reach the pole by means of dog oil man
sledges.
The faith Of many students Of the
Arctic that PEARY, with a land base only
500 miles from the pole, would have a
fair chance OF reaching il, rested partly
upon his great qualities as a sledge trav-
eller and partly upon the belief that
he was likely. at least, to have solid ice
under him and to escape serious embar-
rassment by ice drift such as that OBJ
served between the New Siberia islands
and Spitzbergen. The only reason for
this faith was that similar drift Of the
sea Ice had not been observed to any large
extent along the southern portion of the
AieSlL Jcean he VIA TO traverse.
He reached his land base within about
500 miles OF the pole; but the highway
20 the north proved exactly as unreliable
and battling a NANsEN and the Duke Of
the ABRUzzI found II 10 the north Of
Asia. The drift took him far TO the east.
Just as il carried Captain cAGNI sixty
miles to the west when he was trying %
make a straight journey back to the base