davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
SUNDAY SCHOOLS HIT RAcETRACKs
State Convention at Gloversville-Governor
Higgins Commended.

Gloversve. y. Y, June THE New York State
Sunday School convention adopted resolutions to-
day in favor of making racetrack gambling a
felony. and advocated direct appropriation for
the town and county fairs in place of the present
tax the Governor Higgins was COM
mended for his position gambling and for his
veto OF the Coggeshau bill increasing the tax on
racing associations Copies of the resolutions
ordered sent TO Governor Higgins, Senator Cassidy
and Assemblyman Lansing. The resolution COM
mittee consisted of J. H. Blant. of Syracuse;
George Michelbach. OF Binghamton. and John Ward
Miles, of New York.
J. H. Blant. of Syracuse. elected president
of the state association, succeeding Benjamin
Starr. of Homer. A feature of the convention was
a parade of Sunday school children. officers and
teachers of the schools of Fulton County six thou
sand being in line. Business throughout the city
suspended and the saloons were closed The
matter OF selecting place for next years conven-
tion left TO the executive committee
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
FOR JEROMEYS REMOVAL.
Petition to Governor Higgins by
William n. 4morg.

Albany June Removal OF William Travers
Jerome from the Office OF District Attorney Of
New York County is demanded of Governor Hig-
gins in complaint which has been fled at the
Executive Chamber by William n. Amory. OF
New York City. Frank E. Perley. secretary to
the Governor. admitted tonight that such a
complaint had been fled. but he would say moth
ing OF the nature Of the charges made against
Jerome
1T would be obviously improper" said he. "for
me to give out anything whatever on the sub
ject in the absence Of Governor Higgins. have
acknowledged receipt OF the papers. with the
statement that they will be brought TO the Gov
ernors attention upon his return"
While nothing definite be learned here OF
the nature OF the charges. II is assumed that
the complaint is the one threatened by him be-
fore legislative committee last winter, and Is
based upon the charges he then made against
Mr.. Jerome. OF negligence in falling to prosecute
persons implicated by Mr.. Amory IN his allesa-
tions against certain metropolitan traction in
tereSts.
Governor Higgins Is at Olsan. and expects 70
make Western business trip before his return
to Albany. He may not be here before June Is.
and probably will not the Anory charges be-
fore that time
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
TO CEMENT THE DREIBUND.
Such the Reason for Exchange of Greetings
Between Kaisers and King of Italy.

Vienna, June Emperor William proceeded this
morning to visit Count Hans Wilczek az
Kreutzenstern Castle, accompanied by the German
Ambassador. Herr Won Wedel. and the imperial
suite.
The telegrarns exchanged between Emperor Fran
els Joseph and Emperor William. on the one hand
and the King of Italy, the other. were evidently
drawn up with the view Of discouraging con-
tinuance of the reports Of coldness between the
German Emperor and King Victor Emmanuel, and
the consequent weakening OF the Dreibund The
two Emperors telegraphed jointly as follows:
cere. united expression OF unalterable friendship.
The Italian Kings reply equally warm
hearted He telegraphed:
share your satisfaction for unity. and beg that
YOU will accept the assurance of my true and IN
violaole amity.
During his round OF visits Emperor William left
a card for the American Ambassador, Charles 5.
Francis His majesty called at the hotel where
tbs Ambassador is residing, but Mr.. Francis was
at the Embassy at the time. The Ambassador sub
sequently drove 10 Schoenbrunn Castle and signed
his name in the book provided for callers on En-
peror William
Emperor William left here for Berlin at $50
other cordial farewell at the station, exchanging
kisses three times
curtailed by the cold weather and unceasing rain
Emperor William. in visiting kreutZenSJeln
Castle, fulfilled a wish he has long entertained
Count Hans WiCzek spent thirty years IN re-
building and restoring the castle in accordance
with historical data and it is practically museum
OF fifteenth century arms and armor. Emperor
graduated Count Wiczek on the fidelity Of the
restoration.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
G. c. BARRETT DEAD.
Peteran of the Supreme Court
Bench Succambs to Long Illness.

Saratoga. N I. June 7-Ex-Justice George
Carter Barrett. of the Now York State Sv7reT1;s
Court. resident OF New York City. died to-day in
his summer cottage. in this city. from tuberculosis
Mr. Barrett arrived at his cottage from New York
last Saturday, and expected TO pass the summer
there lie was accompanied here by William NJ
Hoes. Public Administrator OF New York. and Mrs.
Hoes who for years have bsen members OF the
judges household. They were present at his
death.
While suffering from protracted Ill health the
former justice appeared to hold his until yes
terday morning II then noticed that he ex-
hibited signs OF weakness. He steadily declined
until 7l5 o'clock this morning. when he passed
away.
The body will be conveyed in a special to-
morrow TO New York, where the funeral will take
place from the Church Of the TRANSPORTATION at
10 o'clock on Monday morning next Judge John
Clinton Gray, OF the Court Of Appeals an Intimate
friend of ex-JUstice Barrett. arrived here to-day
George c. Barrett OF the most widely
known of the justices of the Appellate Division Of
the Supreme Court Years before he became a
member OF the Appellate Division he had been
prominent among the justices who sat In the old
Court of Oyer and Terniner and presided at i'm
portant criminal trials Most of the trials Of those
who gave and received bribes in connection with
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
DEFINES PAGE Law.
old Mortgages Tared as Personal
Property, Says attorney General.

Albany June 7-Attorney General Mayer sent TO
the State Board OF Tax Commissioners to-day an
opinion defining the operations OF the Page law
which repeals the mortgage statute of 1895 and
substitutes system of recording taxation for those
evidences of Indebtedness The opinion In effect. Is
that all mortgages fled after July next. when the
Page law goes into operation subject 70 the re-
quirements OF recording tax OF one-half CT per
cent
He holds that all mortgages now In existence or
which shall have been executed before that date
must be certified back TO the local assessors and
made subject to taxation according TO the provis-
ions OF law which existed before the law OF 1906
now repealed. was enacted This means that those
mortgages will be subject to taxation as personal
property at the local Of taxation as established
in the tax district In which they were executed.
II is believed that the necessity of their continued
taxation as personal property can be ooviated by
their retirement and the execution of new mort
cages to take their place.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
HAD MUCH BAD MONEY
I1co Men Charged 1cith Being
COunterfeiters.

Bluefeld. W. Va, June Two white men.
aged twenty-five and fifty. respectively giving
their names as Bernard King and John Miller.
claiming TO be from Pennsylvania but refusing
to name the town. were arrested here to-day
by Chief of Police Newkirk. charged with be-
ing counterfeiters and passing spurious gold
coin. King made partial confession. which
led to the arrest of Miller who 1t appears. was
doing the banking"
On Miller were found 81 800 of counterfeit
gold coin, composed of So. $40 and $40 pieces.
$1,000 being in $50 pieces
The men claim to have purchased the spurious
coin from an unknown man, but the police dis
credit this story. They will have preliminary
hearing before a United States commissioner
tomorrow.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
BERLIN PLEASED WITH MEETING.

Berlin June THE meeting OF the German and
Austrian Emperors at Vienna and the exchange OF
kilograms between them and King Victor En-
manuel IS the cause Of much satisfaction, both 20
the government and the public clearing up a
period OF doubt ana mistrust among the allies and
restoring the solidity of the Triple Alliance a
peace preservattve.
Semi-ofcial utterances are all TO the effect that
discussions between the EmperOrS and the re-
spective foreign secretaries have resulted in com
plete good viii, founded on mutual understanding,
in which the Italian government shares
The "Deutsche Tages Zeitung' Paris correspond
ent AYERS that in the course of the summer the
Italian. Austrian and German navies will assemble
in German port a demonstration OF the sea
strength of the Triple Alliance.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
TO PREVENT LYNCHING.
FLorIda Troops Called Ont to Pro
tect Negro Murderer.

Tallahassee, Fla, June 7.--Governor Brow
hard' on request of Sheriff Carter. ordered the
BrooksvilIe company of state militia this after
noon TO go at once TO Inverness TO prevent the
ynching Of Jim Davis. alias Dago the negro
VINO shot and killed Robert Russell a well
known business man. last Tuesday. The Lees
burg company has also been ordered TO hold
itself ir readiness to go TO Inverness If needed.
Russell was attempting 10 collect debt from
laws who, with no other provOcatiOn, shot and
hilleu Russell and the negro boy who was driv
ing ms team. Davis was captured to-day. and
Indignation is SO great that Sheriff Carter fears
attempts 10 take him from the Jail tor night
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
PLANS FOR KING HAAKoNs GROWING
Coronation Will Take Place or June % IN
the Cathedral at Christiania.

Nhrlsuania, June THE programme of cere-
monies attending the coronation Of King Haakon
VII ana queen Maud have been completed The
royal couple will arrive at Trondhieuo on June 10
ahd await there the arrival of the foreign princes
and ambassadors
Inc coronation viii occur al II o'clock on the
morning o. June p al the cathedral. and will be
fcloWed by state dinner. which will be attended
by three hundred guests. The rest OF the week will
se lhen up with celebrations including musical
leslVals, popular entertainments and professions
n Mhlch chndTel viii predomnate On June o5
KING Haakon VIII receive deputations and give a
soiree the palace o.
Iotday, the hrst anniversary OF the dissolution
OF Ipe union win sweden. celebrated as q
general holiday throughout Norway In the cities
hags were flying and the streets were crowded with
merrynakers. w."
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
HENRY SEYMOUR.

Henry Seymour. a broker. and OF the late
Eliza Martin Otto and Walter Martin Seymour,
died on wednesday at Sourdnahunk Camp. Maine.
from apoplexy. He left this city last week in the
hope OF regaining his strength. Mr. Seymour was
born In Batavia y. Y, but when young came TO
this city with his parents. EIe for many years
an active member OF the New York Produce Ex-
change, and for twenty years was in charge of the
insurance department Of the New York Life In
surance and Trust Company Mr. Seymour was
member OF the Manhattan Chess Club and the So
ciety Of Colonial Wars. He was unmarried. and
No Z West 4Sth street He was seventy years old
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
MISS ETHEL ROCKEFELLER HERE.
Daughter of Standard Oil President Arrives
from Europe

Miss Ethel G. Rockefeller, daughter of William
Rockefeller. president of the Standard OIL Com
pany, OF New York, who has been in Europe for
many months, and was reported TO be suffering
from cancer Of the throat, arrived here wednes-
day on the North German Lloyd steamer Kaiser
Wilhelm der Crosse She said that she had left
her father in Germany. He will follow her here in
about month. To avoid notoriety Miss Rookie
teller was registered on the passenger list Frau
lein Z. Raynor.' Her only attendant was a maid.
Miss Rockefeller went Immediately 10 her fathers
home. No. $50 Fifth avenue
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
DON ALFONSO LEFr-HANDED

King Alfonso IS left-handed. the only ruler IN
Chrstendorn 10 be distinguished by this pecuarity.
now that President Loubet has retired into private
NE But his consort. Ike her uncle King Edward.
sho he- cousins Queen Maud OF Norway and the
Szsrins. is ambidextrous and can use her left arm
soo hand with Just as much facility as the night
--aAo That Is 70 say. she can write. draw. paint.
pay tennis. enbroider and fence with her left arm
tAo hand Just as easily as with her right. IL was
s1een Victoria who caused all her children 10 be
As'ieo to ambideKterity. impelled thereto by the
s,1raoroinary facility displayed by Sir Edwin
--oseer. during his visit % BalEnoral. In sketch
s =, As well with his left hand as with his right
- queen Victor.as children have had their chill
Ssa n turn trained In the same ts1hion. and since
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
Omees

MAIN OFFICE-No. I54 Nassau street
" ALL STREET OFFICE-No. Is William stras,
UPToWN OFFICE-No 1864 Broadway. or s1T An-vx
HARLEM S oFFItEsS6. I57 East 12sts stree, and S.
BRoSx BTREAIl-Xo, 4le East 1ssth street.
NEWARK BRANCH OFFICE-Frederck n sommsr Ma.
AS1ERIcANs ABROAD WIN ind THE TRIBUNE &c
BRUss E4sNo e 81 M2RIaggs 425F gs, DIE De s COur
LoNR0SONSs NS 2s5 strand at Dane. 1as
SSu5s ass Co. 5,5av No = NsE S oTfara
ThOmas Cook son. Tourist % Once; Lgdssts Circus.
The -i London once Of THE TRIBUNE Is a convsnisu.
place % leave s4yertisemeRss and sg6seTiptlons,
b5 WShamaker No - Rue des ' Pstitss Ecur.
EI5TEah Hsries s Co. No. 81 Boulevard Haussmaun
Continental Hotel newsstand
ssarbaehs News Exchange. No, Rue St Georges
N9 s. campsSy 3gsn Dc 6 opsFs II Ru. so,0
1Heii-al l.i.i. I-o~nsts '' 49, - -'1' 9~4O7-
ISFs FLIoREScE@F French. 8 Co. Nos. and VI.
MiLAN-saarbachs News Exchange. Via ls MontfOrss.
MBURG-American Express Company No 2 Fsras-
MAYENcE-Ssarbach's News Exchange.
Nq TB s9z oss a ME- S the s rs Ss' 8S Ss an. nd
or vf59sa t6 aTdg.! sag2y 2fs s Tas o, IARgsa
pole Midland Grad hotel I,r TIE Howard & Hotel Nor
Queens Hotel, Upper Norwood -
ManShssisf, gse9s Hotel Leeds Midland Hotel
Bradford
land Hotel. Morecambe Bay; Nndland Hotel Derby;
Ross-on-Wye; woolpaek Hotel Warwick: Bun Hotel
1RELANp@ilo,el shebourne Dublin; Eecles Hotel Glen
scoTIANp-st Eaoeh Hotel Glasgow: station Hotel
wALES-W steroo Hotel Bsttws-y-Coed
PARfsEHotsI CHATHAM. Hotel de Lille dAlbion Grand
Hotel de rAthense Grand Hotel: Hotel Continental
I4OI.IAND-Hotel des Indies The Hague Hotel Kurhaus
BElI tINmLs Grand Hotel Brussels Hotel 81 An,on.
Continental Berlin; Hotel vietor,.
Wicsbaden. Hotel Imperial. WeShaden. Frans fSsrfs-
hof Frankfurt. Alliance Hotel. Berlin; Penstop
Nauheim. PriPz Carl Heidelberg, Giant and AncSor
Hotels CqeieSs ho's tI,7 h'lstoi Sooience Hotel
SChWarZWald. ft'te4 De Europe. Hamburg.
West End Hotel Wtdungrni Hotel Russe Kiss@n-
GEL ao1l Ctrbags sehieriSe FIo.ei r,, sis.ss-
Brunsvick. Nassaler-I -Iiof Hotel. Wiesoaden, Fopr
Hotel Furstenhof. FrankforJ-on- Main. Palace Hotel
wiesbadsn savoy " III holsL Soioyns Nuellens Hotel
a PoVal Hanover: Alexandra Hotel Sssr T5,; 49,
Nosr Baden Hotel Disch colos1s Ioti Hotsi
Monopol- Metropoe Dusseldorf Wurternh rger-I4os.
Io1enzoilern. Wieshaden Hotel Nstropole aad Nssss
helm. Continental Hotel Munich; HaIel Angieterr.
AUSTRIA AND swITzERL.AND-Hote wslmar Ma
ri~nhad. Hotel Klnger, Marienbad. Hotel HannoVsr
Carlsbad, Hotel krons Carlsbad, Grand Hotel Lau-
Same. Hotel Beau -Hivage Geneva Hotel ds Ia Psix
TyroI Innsbruck. Hotel Bristol Vienna: Grand Hos.
Hungaria- Budapest. Hotel Bauer au Lac Z,,rfch.
Vsvey. Hotel Pgpp Carlsbad: Hotel Euler sssss::
Hotel Victoria Basle; savoy and West End Hotel
VeVey. Hotel Victoria Interlaken. Grand Hotel Na
tionai. Lgeerne Palace Hotel. Lucerne. Hotel Vic
ITALY AND SOUTH OF FRANcE-Grand Hotel WIZ.
Doomites. Hotel Excelsior Rome. Grand Fi5for
Nenlee oI9hd t i hetti 5toHe; Eden Palace GenoaI
Hotel de la Vile Milan Grand hotel Flor snss:
ssHfs SANTA ss hS,s SsS9s Hotel Bristol Naples. Res
lermo Grand Hotel a. AK. Atx-les-B -Bains.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
DECISION ON SMITH l. RussELL's WILL

Justice Greenbaum. in the Supreme Court de-
cided yesterday that agreement entered into be-
tween the trustees of the will of Smith L. Russell.
who died about two years ago. leaving estate
valued AT S20OOoO and the Duane Methodist Episco-
pal Church and Mrs. Mary c. Russell. should be
carried out as 10 the disposal of the property al
though he held ths. the provisions of the will could
Tot be borne out Lsder the statute which prohibits
a testatoT leaving widow or children from Civ
ing more than half OF his property 10 religious or
benevolent institutions.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
The WEATHER REPORT.

Oficial Record and FOrecast.-Washington June T.
Low pressure continues the Rocky Mountains east
ward except in Ezrtern England with the abnormal
depression stil North Dakota AS a consequence
tbundersors continued the Northern districts
high temperatures prevail the Eastern Southern and
Southwestern portions the country except in New Eng
ane ana the eastern portion OF the Middle Atlantic States
West OF the Rocky Mountains the weather was cool ac
generally clear except IN the Northern Pacho districts
ahere Vpht showers continued
-, ,Iss,her .oiIl be generals fair Friday
oa xoep from the eastward. through the lake
New England vi viii be showers
Fridav rrobaby continuing saturday IN the latter two
6tsfr5Sts II win Friday Friday night IN
TIE Uppe Mississippi Valley and upper lake regions and
warmer Saturday the Northwest In the East and
sol,b sTr@ratures will remain high except along the
Nre-r le.d andM Middle Atlantic coasts.
,zfnds along England and Middle Atlantic
Coasts i be fresh south: South Atlantic Coast
S,t y, fresh south southwest: along the Gulf Coast
tresh souh along the lower lakes brisk south 70 south
long he lakes. brisk high
S-sasss-s oepartng Frfday European ports will
boye fresh east south winds with unsettled weather
10 he Banks.
storm warnings displayed lakes and Lake
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
WILL HOLD TWO EXHIBITIONS.
National Academy of Design Will Open
First in December, Second in March.

The National Academy of Design in the coming
season will hold two exhibitions. Its first winter
exhibition Will open in the Fine Arts Galleries. in
West 57th street, December p and close on
January 20 Its eighty-second annual exhibition
viii open March 10 and close on April 2
Harry W. Watrous secretary of the Academy,
yesterday announced that pictures for the winter
exhibition would be received on December and
December 4 and for the annual exhibition Feb
ruary % ard February 2S.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
en-Justics Barrett made by the justices of the

ex-Justice Barrett made by the Justices of the
various courts. Justice Geigerich said:
, The court has learned with profound sorrow OF
une death OF Mr.. Justice Barrett. The suddenness
o. the announcement has created such shock
among us that 1t is almost impossible to express
that deep sense or SORROW feel in the loss of so
since 1872
10 douot az the proper time formal steps
VIII De taken 70 express the deep OF the loss
the bench and bar have sustained
Justice Barrett was undoubtedly of the great
est Judges that ever sat upon this bench He was
learned IN the law and a well versed in the
literature of the day His death will be keenly felt
Jas mark OF respect this court will adjourn upon
ehe Closing OF Few arguments which viii take but
rev minutes, and the clerk is directed TO enter
upon the minutes OF this part the action 50 taken.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
PLEAD FOR PURE FOOD BILL.

Buffalo June IA telegram signed by the officers
and twenty-one directors of the National Whole
sale Grocers. in session here. was sent 10 Speaker
Cannon OF the House of Representatives. fol-
lows:
The National Association of Wholesale GroCers
Of the United States assembled az Buffalo, repre-
senting every state in the Union. and capital IN
vested OF hundred millions OF dollars. and
doing an annual business OF about one billion most
urgently and earnestly request that the National
Pure Food bill, before Congress. be taken out
OF committee and be put upon its passage
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
a WEDDING.

Lieutenant Oliver Eskridge of the 9th Infantry,
L. s A. stationed at Fort Sheridan Illinois. and
Miss Ella May Fuller a daughter OF Mr.. and Mrs.
J. Roscoe Fuller. OF Floral Park. Long Island were
married yesterday the brides home by Canon
Bryan of the Garden City Cathedral The brides
maids were Miss Mary Hallock. Miss Virginia Esk-
ridge and Miss Olga Katzmayer Two granddaugh-
ters Ruth ana Margaret, of Rear Admiral Asser-
son. retired. flower girls. Captain Wickham
was the best man. Lieutenant Eskridge is a Of
Colonel William Eskridge, L. s. A. retired.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
MISS JESSIE GLEASON MARRIED.

Miss Jessie Gleason. daughter of the late ex-
Mayor Patrick J. Gleason. of Long Island City. was
married last Monday at St Patrick's Cathedral.
The public announcement Of the marriage does not
mention the bridegroom's name 1t is said that he
is a drug clerk and employed In Brooklyn. Miss
Gleason has lived in Long Island City since her
father died. frequent efforts were made 10 serve
her with a citation 10 appear in the Surrogate s
Court in connection with the ex-Mayor's estate
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
OFFICER NABs AUTO sPEEDERs.

George Creuse. Of Elkins Park, Penn. chauffeur
for Joseph Widener. arrested Wednesday night
by Patrolman Schab. of the Jamaica precinct he
was speeding along the Hoffman Boulevard at the
rate of thirty miles hour, according to the Off
Ger. A second arrest in the road made
shortly before midnight when John Duston. of No
1s West Goth street. Manhattan. chauffeur for
Smith q Mabley was captured and taken to the
Jamaica station
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
MUSICIANS TO HONOR GILMORE.

In d letter received by Mrs. P. 8 Gilmore from
Owen Miller, secretary Of the American Federation
Of Musicians. he says there are 1850 members Of
the federation in the United States and Canada
and they have all volunteered their services to
establish a fund for the widow and daughter Of
p. S. Gilmore, James W. MoTTssey, manager Of
the 2 s. Gilmore testimonial musical festivals
will thus be able draw this large body Of
musicians in his tour of the country.
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
WOMAN LAWYER REPRovEs JURY.

Miss Esther Kunstler. a woman lawyer, who de-
Tended Jacob Rosenstein. nineteen years old.
charged with burglary. on Wednesday in Part I
of General Sessions. was dismayed yesterday when
the jury returned a verdict of guilty.
oh. how could you do that?" she exclaimed to
the jury; "a nice. innocent boy like thatl"
Judge Cowing, finding that the boy had never
been in trouble before allowed him 10 go a sus-
pended sentence
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
COURTS HONOR BARRETT.
Branches of Supreme Bench and
City Court adjourn.

After the calendar had been called yesterday in
the thirteen TRIAL Parts and the eight Special Parts
Of the Supreme Court adjournment for the day was
taken in honor OF the memory OF ex-Justice George
C. Barrett. At the end Of the morning session in
Special Term OF the City Court, Chief Justice
O'Dwyor announced the death OF Mr.. Barrett and
adjournment taken then for the day. The
Appellate Division also adjourned Immediately upon
learning OF Mr.. Barretts death
Remarks showing the high appreciation fsit Cor
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
WAS AFRAID TO BE MARRIED.

Haverhill Mass. June Everett b MorreiI the
young man who disappeared May 20. the eve
of his marriage 10 Miss Edna Haight. of New bury
port and was thought to be drowned. is in New
York and has written that he Will be home to-
morrow. The police and relatives say that he was
afraid 10 be married and slipped away 70 New
New-York tribune., 1906-06-08
WHAT Is GOING ON TODAY.
Racing at Gravesend


General synod Of the Reformed Church, Collegiate
church Fifth and 4sth street: 1890 q
2:3O and p n
Barnard College class exercises Columbia University
gymnasium p m.
Meeting of York section Of American Chemical
Society. No los West 55th street; Sis ?.
Free Day Geological Park and Museum OF Natural