davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14
Grain and Provisions Summary.
NEW YORK BANK cLEARANcEs.

NEW YORK, April 14.-The statement of
the clearing house banks for this week
shows that the banks hold A,772. 800 over
the legal reserve requirements. This COM
pares with a deficit of s. 5GO,625 last week.
The statement follows:
Loans, 81. Goa. 275, 200: decrease, S23, 434 200.
Deposits. 1881 S61 600: decrease, 21 ,579, :
700.
Circulation. 81. 452, 300; decrease. $685. 100.
Legal tenders. s77.533. 200; increase. s991.-
&C.,
Specie, STE. 7O4. 100: increase, S946, 100.
Reserve. 0.237 800; increase, 81, $685. 200.
Reserve required, $245, 4S5 400; decrease,
s., 394.9 25.
Surplus. 81. IT. 500: increase, 81 1873 125.
Exhibited States deposits, 81, $40, 675; in
crease. T.47O.60O.
Money on call nominal; no loans. Time
loans steady: sixty days, ninety days and
six months. per cent
Close-Prfme mercantile paper 51ka6 per
cent. Sterling exchange steady, with actual
business in bankers bills at 4S4 S5a4S4 So, for
demand and at 4S2. 25a4S2. 35 for sixty-day
bills. Posted rates. 1873 and 4S6; commercial
bills. 4S1Aa4S2. Bar silver, CAS- Mexican
dollars. 80. Government bonds steady Rail-
road bonds steady
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14
FOREIGN BANK BUSINESS.

LONDON, April 14-Bar silver. steady at
299sd. per ounce; money, 11sa2 per cent:
discount rates, short bills, per cent; three
months bills. 3-16a31s per cent. Bullion
amounting to aS4 600 was taken into the
Bank of England today, and s5o0, eco was
withdrawn from shipment to the United
States.
PARIS, April 4.--Three per cent rentes
80 francs IL centimes for the account Ex-
chance on London. 25 francs 10Y confines
for checks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14
Washington Stock Exchange.

SaIes.-Regular call, IL O'Clock Washington
Rwy. and Elec. As, 81 600 at s7A.
Washington Rwy and Elec. pfd., SO at 90A
Washington Rwy. and Elec. conn.,, 100 st A. so
at APIS, 80 at A. 80 at 42A (buyer e0l. so at a,
so at 42A (buyer 60), 90 at AIS 90 at 41N
American National Bank, at 1795.
Ffremen's Insurance, 25 at 25% Is at 25ss %
at 257s.
Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone 25 at 60
Washington Gas, 80 at '61, Is at '61A 25 at
ELK.
Mergentbaler Linotype. 5 at 1873, 10 at 193
Lanston Aonotype. 100 at 14B
American Graphophone pfd., SO at az.
Greene Copper, 100 at 31B, loo at 31A, 80 at
31A, 100 at BIS, 100 at BIZ buyer 800.
After call-Washington Rwy. and Flee As 81 500
at S7%, $500 at SITS.
Columbia R. r. 6s 81 900 at 113
Greene Copper 100 at 81fa tbuyer CO.,, 100 at 31H
(Imrar ROl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14
THE BALTIMORE MARKETS
Special Dispatch to Tbs Star.

Special Dispatch to This Star.
BALTIMORE. Nd. April 14.-WHEAT-Stropg
spot, contract, ssh; April, 6SH; May. $50 asked;
July 81 asked, steamer No. red. 61&a82 re-
ceipts 6s22 bushels; southern by sample, T6as2;
southern grade. S1xass4
Nay baa53N; July, 52tSaa2H: September 53@a
6s1s; steamer mixed, 51Ha5f%: receipts, 34,547
low corn. 51a64.
OATS-Fhmsr; No. white, sSkaS2; No. 3
white, s7s[as8A; No. 2 mixed. 87isa3S; receipts.
oezl bushels.
EYE-Firm: No. western. o5,4 bid. 7fa72 do
mestjc; receipts, Z, 272 bushels.
HAY-FIrnsr; No. timothy. 1b.50 bid; No. 1
clover MIXED. l1.00al6.S0.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14
Treasury Gold for New York Bank.

NEW YORK, April 14.-Announcement
that Secretary of the Treasury Shaw has
permitted the National City Bank to draw
gold from the United States Treasury De-
partment pending the arrival here of gold
engaged by this bank for import from Lon
don was made today. The bank was al
lowed the use of this government gold upon
depositfng bonds sufficient to cover the
amount of the import. Gold engaged by the
National City Bank for importation from
London amounts to over $4,000, 600.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14
New York Stock Market.

Furnished by W. 3. Hibbs & Co., bankers
and brokers, 1419 E street. members New
York stock exchange. Washington stock
exchange and Chicago board of trade.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14
oURB ouorArlonA

garsishsd b. n r. Chapman 4 o. Co. p.
CatpAan nanagssh members Nsw Xort Stock L.
ehannnL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

Today's Government Receipts.
National bank notes received today for
redemption, S796.776. Government receipts:
From internal revenue S751, 129; customs.
STA $50; miscellaneous. SIT, S07. Expendi-
lures 81, $40, 600.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

Their affairs remaining unadjusted. pro-
tective committee of bondholders Of the
Toledo Railway and Terminal Company
has been formed. Default was made Jan
uary 1. at the time of the other troubles Of
the Cincinnati Hamilton and Dayton.
President Sullivan of the Nassau Trust
Company OF Brooklyn is chairman OF the
committee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

The Union Pacific Railroad Company no.
tines the holders OF its first lien convert
Die per cent gold bonds that pursuant to
the terms OF the mortgage and deed of trust
under which these bonds were Issued, the
option TO convert them into the common
capital stock expires on May l. and that 10
that date. 1890
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

1t Is reported from Chicago that the d.
rectors of the Chicago Telephone Company
are considering a cut in the dividend rate
from 10 to 5 per cent. Tho lower rate is
sac TO be considered necessary by the big
SLASH In earnings that will follow the
proposition made to the city for a new fran
chlse, NO official information concerning
the matter Is obtatnable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

According to ST. Petersburg cable IT has
been decided to reduce the amount of the
proposed Russian loan. and the same will
probably not exceed s400000,Oo0. OF this
amount France and Russia will be allotted
$40, 100000 each. The French allotment
will be divided In part in Brussels. The
remaining $4,000, 600 will be divided be-
tween London. Vienna, Amsterdam, Buda-
pest and Prague.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

a dispatch from Savannah says the Still
more Air Line. hfty-four miles long from
Collins to Wadley. has been bought by In
diyidual officers Of the Central OF Georgia
The price is said to have been less than
$40, 900 mile. ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

the total gross earnings of ffty-eight
roads for March amounted to $50. s24. 75s
against s55, 4Sg. ST for March a year ago
an Increase OF s5.334. ss1 or 9.e1 per cent
From January L to March 81 the same
roads reports gross earnings as $751;
644S8, against s154.91s. 113 In the same
period or 1905. gain Of SIS. 726 $50. or 1854
per cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

Cards announcing advance of per
cent in window glass quotations were sent
out yesterday by Pittsburg jobbers Both
the eastern and western jobbers' associa-
tons have ordered the raise. The manu-
facturers will meet on Thursday of next
week in Pfttsburg and IL the price TO Job
bers is raised at that time a further adj
vance to retail dealers will follow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

Isaac N. Seligman of ]. and w. Seligman
& Co.. and w. de Lancey Kountze OF
Kountze Bros. were elected directors TO
fill existing vacancies In the Lincoln Trust
Company at the last regular meeting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

E. S. Coleman has been elected treasurer
of the Union Bag and Paper Company in
place of G. r. Sheldon. who has retired.
The other officers have been reelected.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

The newly elected board OF directors OF
the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Company
met yesterday and organized by the election
of the following officers: c. II. Dale, presi-
dent; Lester Leland and Charles A. Hun
ter; vice presidents; John J. Watson. tr..
secretary and treasurer, and James McGuf-
fog. assistant secretary and treasurer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

There is general belief that the dividend
on Amalgamated Copper win be increased
next Thursday. and. II viii be the nrst
time the directors have had a formal ses-
sion since the United Copper deal some
official Information may be given our re
sarding the details OF that deal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1906-04-14

The Electric Bond and Share Company
has declared the regular quarterly dividend
of Ia per cent on its preferred stock, pay
able May /. Books close April 16 and re-
open May 2
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES.
Telephone Service Has Been sExtended
to Rural Districts.

Huntsville, May S.-tSpeclall-The first
commencement of the Gender Training
school. which will begin Sunday. May 81.
when the Rev. j. j, Ransom will deliver
the first commencement sermon. The pro-
gramme of exercises includes Thursday.
The Crescent Literary society will have
exercises ON Monday. Representatives OF
the Joe Wheeler and Hamiltonian soce
ties will have a declamatory contest on
Tuesday and on Thursday DR. J. c. Mid
yeti will deliver the annual literary adj
dress.
The monthly meeting of the Madison
County Medical society was held yester
day afternoon, and several interesting
cases were reported. The members Of
the society reported that the health OF
Madison county is good
The West Carnival company brought its
midway attractions here yesterday after
noon and opened up today for a stay of a
week
The wires OF the Inter-Gounty Telephone
company have been connected with the
Huntsville exchange, and several scores
of farmers and merchants In Morgan
and Marshall counties to the south OF
here now have telephone connection with
the outside world. The company Is u
mutual affair. and first-class equipment
and service is provided.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
PUBLISHES A BOOK.
Will Treat on Scientific Methods Of
Bible Study.

Scottsboro, May ESPECIAL 1.-The Rev.
j. r. Lamb, pastor of the Baptist church
at Trenton, Jackson county, will in all
probability be very much in evidence in
the public eye within the next few
months as a result of a publication which
is now in the press and will be ready
about September 1 for delivery. The pub
lication in question has recently been
copyrighted under the title, Scientific
Method of Bible Study, and Bible School
Text Book" The book is a result of
eight years work by the author. and
has been the subject OF a course of lee
lures delivered by the Rev. DR.. Lamb
in several southern states. The author
claims his book reduces Bible study to
science and sets forth a standard and
system of rules of Bible study which
are as unerring in their results as the
laws of mathematics. Immediately upon
the announcement by the Rev. Mr. Lamb
of his determination to publish his work
he received letters and words of encour-
agement from prominent Baptists
throughout Alabama and other states A
we'll known printing firm of Chattanooga
has been awarded the contract for print
ing and binding the work.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
KILLED BY BROTHER.
Buddie Morris Shot BY Dock Morris In
Randolph County.

Ashland May ESPECIAL News has
just reached here of the killing of Bud
die Morris by his brother, Dock Morris
just over the Randolph county line. II
seems that they had had difficulty be-
fore during the day and about noon Bud
went into Docks bedroom and began to
destroy everything in sight and while
thus engaged Dock shot him, the weapon
used being a pistol and the bullet en-
tered his face and ranged upward to
the brain. Death was instantaneous
Dock Norris Is about 20 years old and
married. Buddie was so or upwards and
unmarried. Two weeks ago Buddie used
his knife on another brother and inflicted
some very serious wounds.
At the municipal election held here yes
terday the following ticket was elected
c. S. Carnelius, mayor; j. w. Wood
w. d. jordan. b. W. Sims and Dave
White, aldermen.
Hon. Joseph Warman. field agent for
the Anti-saloon league, addressed a good
crowd here last night. Clay is already a
prohibition county and Mr.. Warman COM
plimented the citizenship very highly by
saying that it was superior to that OF
most counties in the state.
First Green Beans.
Cuba, May ESPECIAL. 1.-The first green
beans for the season were brought to
this market today by d. l.. Stephens and
were bought by W. w. Treadaway. The
price paid was s225 per hamper.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
RAINFALL HEAVY
IN NORTH SECTION
Some Damage Reported in the
Middle Section
WEEKS WEATHER REPORT
Somewhat Less Than the Average
Amount of Sunshine Was Received
In Most Sections of the
State.
WEEKS WEATHER REP0RT

Montgomery. May S.-(Special.) 1.-The
weekly bulletin of the United States de-
partment of agriculture, Alabama section
of the weather bureau, out today, says:
Fair and hot weather prevailed during
the first three days of the week, when
maximum temperatures of 80 degrees to
SO degrees were reported in the middle
counties. The last four days were COM
paratively cool and rainy. The rainfall
was heavy over most of the northern
district. In the middle district the rain
fall was generally excessive, washing
lands in some Localities and overlooking
some lowland in the middle-eastern coun-
ties.
In the southern district, the precipita-
ton was generally heavy except in the
coast counties, where 1t was moderate
only. Slightly damaging hailstorms and
high winds occurred in Choctaw. Dallas,
Wilcox. Bullock and Lee counties on
Friday and Saturday. Somewhat less
than the average amount of sunshine was
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09

When you feel all tired out and broken
UP generally, take Hoods Sarsaparilla-
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
CEMENT COMPANY QUALITIES.
A. T. London Agent for Atlantic and
Gulf Portland Cement Co.

Montgomery, May S.-(Special.)-The At
Iantic and Gulf Portland Cement COM
pany, organized under the laws. of the
state of New Jersey, has qualified to do
business in Alabama. with A. T. London
of Birmingham as the state agent. 1t
has a capital of $4,000.
The Bank of Flomaton, at Flomaton,
has been incorporated by W. ]. Bryan
and about thirty others, with capital of
$4,000 1t will do a general banking bust
ness.
The Meridian Home Telephone company
Of Meridian, Miss, has qualified in Ala
bama, with r. s. Mcknight of Livingston
agent
The following minor officers have been
named by the Governor:
Notaries public and Justices of the
peace NJ. c. Silvey. Gadsden: H. NJ Hen
derson, Scottsboro; G. A. Fountain, beat
10. Monroe county, T. ]. Norwood, beat g.,
Baldwin county.
Notaries public, A. NJ. Boles, Notasulga;
H. Mcdonnell. Huntsville; Mrs. Marie S.
Molloy. Mobile; e. T. Baird Birmingham;
W. r. Mcneil. Blackshear; W. c. Scar
brough, Guerrigton.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09


Many Diplomas.
The governor and the educational de-
partment officials are busy today signing
up forty-seven diplomas for graduates OF
the district agricultural schools They
are for the first time this year all uni
form. Every diploma is exactly like every
other save that the name of the scnooI
is different where they are from more
than one This has been done to give
character to the movement by which the
schools were organized and set to work.
There Is one in every congressional dis
trict and they are doing good work.
Each diploma is signed by the faculty
of the institution giving 1t and the mem
bers of the board of control which Is made
up of the governor. the state superintend-
ent of education and the commissioner OF
agriculture and industries. along with two
local men on each board. The schools are
given $500 year each from the fund re-
ceived from the sale OF fertilizer tags and
this is supplemented by the communities
in which they are located Chief Clerk
Harry c. Gunnells of the department OF
education said today that the work OF
the year in every one OF the schools had
been such to cause congratulations.
Indecent Haste.
In two or three instances lately men
have applied for the places of dead Of
fcers before their bodies have become
cold Considerable criticism was brought
about some weeks ago because such was
done in case of a vacancy IN Mobile,
and there are already applicants for the
position of Judge James 7. Beck, probate
Judge of Wilcox county. who has Just
passed away. In fact. though it cannot
be so learned at the office Of the govern
or. a man applied early as Yesterday
for vacancy, or had his friends do so.
when the body had not been buried
The governor is evidently determined to
break up the practice so far as he can
and gave 1t out this morning that he
would not consider any man for the Will
cox vacancy until some time next week
lie did not say as much but it was gath
cred from his statement that man gains
nothing by such haste and will be on no
better plans Of consideration than some
who may come In later.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
Nominations Confirmed.

Washington. May S--rhe Senate in
executive session today confirmed the
following nominations: Harmon l.. REM
nell. marshal. eastern district of Arkan-
sas; Frank T.. Gillette, associate justice
of the supreme court of Oklahoma.
Postmasters: Arkansas r. s. Coffman,
Searcy; Indian Territory j. (. McFall,
Jr Ramona.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09

generally warm and pleasant. Moderate
rains occurred on the Sd, 4th and 5th =
c. Young.
Wilcox, Alberta: The first part of the
week was warm and dry. The heavy rains
during the latter part of the week washed
the lands badly. Some hail fell.-W. A.
Menafee.
FRANK p. CHAFFEE,
Section Director Montgomery, Ala
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09

Thornton, appeal from Gilmore chancery
court; reversed and rendered.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
EXCHANGES MUST
SECURE LICENSES
So Holds Justice Tyson of the
Supreme Court
DECISIONS ARE RENDERED
Damage Is Recovered From the West
ern Union Telegraph Company for
Non-Deivery of Message.
Other Cases Cited.
DECISIONS ARE RENDERED

Montgomery, May S-(Special)-In an
opinion handed down by Mr.. Justice
Tyson today, the supreme court holds
that cotton, grain and stock exchanges,
sometimes called bucket shops he says,
are liable for licenses, and that they can
not avoid payment of the same by plead
ing that they are doing an interstate
commerce business. The opinion was
written in a case brought by Mobile
county against j. II. Ware & Co. and COW
cred also case of the same kind by
the state.
Cases involving much money. and out
of which has grown marked interest dur
ing the past few years are those of Mont
gomery Iron works VS.. Sgmund Roman.
and Montgomery Iron works VS.. Capital
City Insurance company. They were
/ filed in the supreme court, as appealed
J from the city court of Montgomery, May
2S 1903 and have been banded back and
forth in the trough of long drawn out
litigation ever since. 1t has attracted
great deal of attention from students of
industrial litigation everywhere. They
, will both have to be retired in the lower
court.
Liability of a telegraph company for
| neglect in delivery of a message is in
volved in the suit of the Western Union
| Telegraph company VS. Long, from the
| DeKalb circuit court. Mr.. Long wired the
agent at Collinsville that he was coming
to his station with the dead body of his
child, and instructed him to telephone to
a place on Sand mountain which the COM
| pany was In the habit of reaching in this
way a message to a person who was to
have the grave dug, and also have him
meet him at the railway station. The
message was not delivered and he reached
! the station late at night with no way
to reach his destination and no prepara-
ton to bury the child. Bringing suit, he
recovered damages in the lower court,
and the supreme court holds such de-
cision just and right.
r p. W. Brooks was convicted on
charge of practicing medicine without
! certificate in Marion county and fined $25
and costs on a jury trial The verdict is
! affirmed. This means that Brooks will
not only have to pay the fine and costs,
but stop practicing without authority.
! Having been fined by a justice of the
peace on a charge of enticing away
minor, Alonzo Ware appealed his case
| from Gilmore county court. The case is
| reversed and the defendant discharged
Chief Justice Weakley writes the opn-
ion in the case of Sloss & Kahn VS.. ]. w.
Mcintyre ct al, from Houston county,
holding that where the law giving a town
a dispensary Is proven to be bad the
Mayor and Aldermen cannot be held per-
sonally responsible for purchases made
for such dspensary.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
Sub.Treasury Transfer.

New York, May S.-1he snb-treasury
today transferred &1l,0eo TO San Francis
co. making a total of SIS, 02S,o00 since
April Is.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09
Decisions Rendered.

OcCIoIoHS ncHucTcu.
In the following cases the supreme
court handed down opinions today:
Weakley. c. J.-Schloss & Kahn VS. J.
NJ. Mcintyre ct al, appeal from Houston
circuit court; affirmed
Butterick Publishing company VS. Craw-
ford Mercantile company, appeal from
Walker law and equity court; reversed
and remanded.
Tyson. w w Montgomery. ct al,
VS.. Perryman & Co., appeal from Jeffer-
son chancery court; reversed and rem
dered
Joseph B. Abel VS.. ]. A. Collins, APP
peal from jefferson chancery court; af-
firmed.
w. s. Smith VS.. J. A. Collins, appeal
from jefferson chancery court: affirmed.
j. H. Ware. ct al, VS., Mobile county,
appeal from Mobile circuit court: af-
firmed.
Simpson, il. p. Nearan VS.. T. l..
Farrow, appeal from Marshall circuit
court reversed and rendered.
Steve Patterson vs.. the State of Ala
bama, appeal from Lawrence circuit
court: reversed and remanded.
George II. Porter VS.. the State Of Ala
bama. appeal from Shelby circuit court
affirmed
Montgomery Iron Works, ct al. VS.. Sig
mund Roman, appeal from Montgomery
city court; reversed and remanded.
Montgomery Iron Works, ct al. VS.. Capt
toll City Furnace company, appeal from
Montgomery city court; reversed and re-
manded.
Anderson, J.-Western Union Telegraph
company VS.. j. w. Long appeal from De
Kalb circuit court; affirmed
r. p w. Brooks VS.. State of Alabama,
appeal from Marion circuit court; af-
firmed.
Alonzo Ware VS.. the State of Alabama,
appeal from Gilmore county court; re-
versed and rendered.
j. II. Ware. ct al, VS.. State of Ala
bama, appeal from Mobile circuit court;
affirmed.
B. f. Marlborough, ct al, vs. Salle II.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09

tho Gawk Engraving company. Age.
Herald Building.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1906-05-09

received. On the morning of the 18th,
the temperature averaged as low as So
degrees in some of the north-central coun-
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1906-06-07
Thursday, June 7, 1906.

The Hall county republican
convention, held in Grand Island
Saturday, endorsed Geo. L.
Rouse, speaker of the House, for
governor. In this way he and
John Wall, oil Valley county, who
for several terms has been clerk
of the house, start out from their
home counties with the same
advantages. Wall has an adj
vantage on platform, as Mr..
Walls county platform takes a
decided stand in favor of railroad
rate regulation and in favor of
an anti-pass law. Mr.. Walls
speech of acceptance, as publish
ed in the Arcadia Champion
places himself clearly in harmony
with the platform.