davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tupelo journal., 1905-07-14
ED RUSSELL DAY.
Col. E. l.. Russell the Guest Of
Honor at Verona, His Old Home.

The occasion of the gathering
together of the old friends of
Col. E. L. Russell, Vice President
of the Mobile and Ohio r. r. at
| Verona Wednesday was long to
be remembered by those who had
the pleasure of attending and
one which no doubt filled the
heart Of Col. Russell with the
deepest emotion. The occasion
was prompted by the desire of
the older citizens of Verona,
many of whom have reached an
advanced age, to once again meet
him whom they had known and
loved throughout his life
for his many admirable quail
tiles. The gathering together
brought back many incidents in
the history of the town and the
lives of the people that were
pleasant, but tinged with sadness
because of the absence of many
who were SO intimately associa-
ted with them in years gone by.
Mr.. Russell was presented to
his old friends and comrades by
Senator Taylor in his usual fell
citious style. The response of
Mr.. Russell was characteristic of
his ardent and emotional nature
and every word had its influenc e
upon the minds and hearts of his
old friends.
After Col. Russell's speech
Mr.. r. V. Taylor, Gen. Manager
Of the Mobile and Ohio was called
to the stand and spoke of the
character of Mr.. Russell as the
General Counsel and Executives
head of the Road and as a citizen
Of Mobile. Mr.. Taylor's remarks
were highly gratifying to Col.
Russell'sold friends who were
already familiar with the splen-
did record he has made.
At the noon hour a sumptuous
dinner was spread beneath the
|over-Spreading oaks and the rep
utation of the good women of
| Verona was fully sustained in
the elegance and quantity set
before us. At two o'clock Mr..
j. C. Kincannon in neat and
highly complimentary speech de-
livered to Col. Russell a loving
cup as a token Of the love and
esteem of his old friends. Col.
Russell's response touched the
hearts of every one as his words
of appreciation portrayed the
deep feeling he experienced by
being the recipient of such a
token.
A number of other speakers
addressed the audience, each
striving to exceed in eulogistic
terms the remarks Of those who
had gone before in their praises
Of Col. Russell and the citizens
Of Verona.
| A weaker man would have
had. his head turned by the many
compliments of the day but at
/ the close of the days cere-
mony we still had our own
inimitable Ed Russell, as plain
and unassuming as he was the
day he stood a bare-footed boy
gazing with amazement at the
first locomotive that ever came
i to Verona.
+
The Tupelo journal., 1905-07-14
Lest You Forget
METHODIST CHURCH
7. w. LEWIS, Pastor.

4. w. LEWIS, Pastor.
Preaching every Sunday Ii a. m. and
7.15 p. m. Prayer meeting Wednesday,
{ 15 p. m. SUNDAY School $50 a. N.
Epworth Leagues Sunday Juniors p.
m. Senior 4 p. m.
BAPTIST CHURCH
r. A. KIMBROUGH, Pastor.
Preaching every Sunday IL a. m. and
7.15 p. III. Prayer meeting Wednesday,,
7.15 p. m. Sunday School $50 a. N
CHRISTIAN CHURCH
c. X. MARSHALL. Pastor.
Preaching every Second and Fourth
Sundays / / a. m. and Z, 5 p. IN. Prayer
meeting Wednesday Is Jr m. Sunday
School $50 a. m. Communion eyerv
Sunday.
CUMBERLAND PRES. CHURCH
s.P. PRYOR, Pastor.
Preaching every First aud Third Sun.
days l ann. aud 715 p m. Prayer
meeting Wednesday, { Is p. M. Sunday
School 10 a. M
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Pastorate Vacant.
Sunday School 9.30 q. m.
: A Cordial Welcome to All.v
=
California red wood, Cypress and
Poplar Shingles for sale by w. p.
Burke.
Hughes delivers Hoadley's Ice Cream
(packed) for any occasion.
The Tupelo journal., 1905-07-14

California red wood, Cypress and
Poplar Shingles for sale by w. P.
Burke.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
Carleton Aground

BELLINGHAM, December %. -
Pounded by heavy seas and firmly i'm
bedded in the soft mud, the American
ship S. D. Carleton lies at the point
near old Fort Bellingham not over fifty
feet from the bluffs.
The Carleton was driven in early this
morning by the second severe gale
which has visited Bellngham in the
last twenty hours Yesterday af-
ternoon the ship was reported as safe
in eighteen feet of water, bur today
she has been firmly imbedded in the
beach, and the force of the gale has
been slowly driving her along the soft
mud before the wind
The vessel appears TO be in no danger
unless the receding tide leaves her
where she viii careen and possibly
damage her rigging. The Carleton is
wooden ship and a staunch vessel.
An unsuccessful attempt was made
this morning by the powerful tug
Pioneer 10 pull the Carleton off. The
heavy seas and stiff wind initiated
against the tug. and finally it was de-
cIded that more power was needed.
The captain of the Pioneer stated
that the Carleton was in no immediate
danger. and that as soon as the other
tugs arrived she could be pulled from
the shore to a place of safety. The
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
Laha1na at Manila.

the Manila Times says: Captain y.
p Carlson of the fourmasted barken-
tine Lahaina, which is lying III the
bay, gave an informal dance Wednes-
day evening TO his friends of whom he
has many in spite of the infrequent
nature of his visits to this port. About
nifty were entertained on board, every
body having a delightful time. The
quarter deck and main deck were clear
ed for dancing and made excellent BAH
rooms. The ships sides We're fairly
covered in with bunting, making sort
o. mpromptu awnings. A delightful
luncheon was served about IL O'Clock.
and the launches returned to the shore
about midnight.
The Lahaina is in the lumber trade,
but has been in the sugar trade be-
tween the Hawaiian Islands and the
Pacific coast, and is named for one OF
the principal sugar ports of the Ha-
Waiian islands.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
THE CHINA HAD
MUCH GOLD ABOARD

The China arrived off port late night
before last and locked at the channel
wharf early yesterday morning. She
had a rough trip down ans was conse-
quently somewhat late. She had about
1000 tons of through freight and 81
100000 in cash, mostly gold, for Japan.
The China brought a fair number %
passengers for this port, and had about
eighty for the Orient. Loading coal
took more time than was expected, and
the ship did not get away until half
past six in the evening.
Several police officers We're on he
dock watching for an expected deserter
from Camp Mckinley, but he sid not
materialize
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
O. S. S. SONOMk
COMES AND GOES

The Sonoma arrived from the Colo
MES yesterday morning with a large
through freight, made up principally
of Australian wool. Twenty-Five of the
Travestry Star Company, which went
to pieces in Australia, We're through
passengers.
A fair sized crowd left on her for the
coast. Through delays in getting her
coal hauled to the dock the Sonoma
was just an hour late in starting, get
ting away a few minutes after four.
Even then a sailor got left on the dock.
A comrade climbed over the side and
tried to reach down and help the cast
away aboard, but only managed to get
himself in trouble. In some way his
hold slipped, and down he went INTO
the water. 1t was nearly a minute he
fore he came to the top, and luckily q
rope was thrown him from the dock,
as he did not seem to know mucn
about swimming.
The Sonoma took 5000 punches CT
bananas and about so tons of either
freight. a large part of which was
made up of pineapDles.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
YOU WILL NOT

be deceived. That there are cheats
and frauds in plenty every body
knows; but it is seldom or never
that any large business house is
guilty of them, no matter what
line Of trade it follows. There
can be no permanent success Of
any kind based on dishonesty OF
deception. There never was, and
never will be. The men who try
that are simply fools and soon
come to grief, as they deserve.
Now many persons are, neverthe-
less, afraid to buy certain adVer-
tised articles lest they be hum
plugged and deluded; especially
are they slow to place confidence
in published statements of the
merits of medicines. The effec-
tive modern remedy known as
WAMPOLE'S PREPARATION
is as safe and genuine an article
to purchase as flour, silk or cot
ton goods from the mills of
manufacturers with a worldwide
reputation. We could not afford
to exaggerate its qualities or mis-
represent it in the least; and it
is not necessary. 1t is palatable
as honey and contains the nu-
tritive and curative properties of
Pure Cod Liver Oil, extracted
by us from fresh cod livers, com
bined with the Compound Syrup
of Hypophosphites and the Elk
tracts of Malt and Wild Cherry;
and how valuable such blend
ing of these important medieval
agents must be is plain to every
body. 1t is beyond price in In
somnia, Anemia, Weakness and
lack of Nervous Tone, Poor
Digestion, Lung Troubles and
Blood Impurities. Science can
furnish nothing better-perhaps
nothing so good. DR.. w. Fl.
Dakfe, Of Canada, says: "I have
used it in my practice and take
pleasure in recommending it as
a valuable tonic and reconstruc-
tive" 1t is a remedy that can
afford to appeal to its record
and represents the science and
knowledge of bright and aggres-
sive medical investigation. as'One
bottle convinces." At chemists.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
MANCHURIA WILL
BRING JAPS HERE

The Pacific Mail Companys liner
Manchuria, Captain Saunders, left
Yokohama yesterday for this port di-
rect She should be here about Janu-
airy -, and Will sail again about Janu-
airy 20. The Manchuria has on board
$50 japanese for Honolulu. AS the liner
Will not call at the island port on this
homeward run the small army of little
brown men will be lodged and fed by
the Pacific Mail Company until the
Manchuria reaches Honolulu on her
outward voyage.-Can, Jan s.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18

GOVERNMENT SALE OF MULES
HARNESS. ETC.-Depot QuarterrnaS-
ter's Office, Honolulu, T. H, January
16 1905. There will be sold at puolic
auction at this depot on THURSDAY
January &c. 1906, commencing at IL d,
m mules, sets double harness ana
miscellaneous stores. The Government
reserves the right to suspend sale at us
discretion. Purchasers will be required
10 make immediate payment. and prop
crtv purchased must be removed on
dav of sale. Terms: Cash III Govern
r3ent funds No checks of any hlhd
win he received. c. f. Humphrey IT.
Cantain and Quartermaster, I. ;. A
70o1-Jan 16. Il, IS, 49, "a, 20
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
Shipping Notes.

The ship Hawaiian Isles cleared Jan.
9Th from San Francisco for Kaanapali.
The oil steamer Rosecrans arrived
yesterday from Monterey with a full
cargo.
San Francisco with two days later
mail.
The Texan will sail for Kaanapali
Thursday to get more sugar. She gets
only $500 tons at this port
The bark Amy Turner left San Fran
cisco for Hilo on the 9Th, and the An
drew Welch left the same day for this
port.
The next mail to the coast will be by
the Nebraskan from Kahului. Mail
from here should be sent by the Like
like this evening.
The bark Kaiulani arrived at San
Francisco on the 9th, q days out from
this port with 5000 bags of sugar and
600 bags of coffee.
The last big gun remaining aboard
the u. S. cruiser New Orleans will be
taken off the vessel at San Francisco
and shipped to the city of New Orleans
where it will be mounted
The bark Mohican arrived off port
last evening from San Francisco, 20
days out. She and the Flint had a neck
and. neck race, as they both left San
Francisco the same day.
The w. B. Flint arrived about three
o'clock yesterday from San Francisco.
She will unload part of her cargo here
and then sail for Maxwell, where she
f,;z
for San Francisco.
HackfeId & Co. were notified yester-
day that the Korea had just left Yoko-
hama for this port. She has 1900 tons
of freight for Honolulusand accommo-
datiOns for 100 cabin passengers. She
is due here on the morning of the 26th.
Federal inspectors of hulIs and boil
ers, Capt G.. F. Whitney and Carl F.
Lehners arrived yesterday on the Chi
ma. They left on the Kinau for Maui
and will return Sunday. They will be
ready for business here next Monday,
with offices in the Stangenwald build
ing.
SAN FRANCISCO, January THE
Observation-Disclosures steamer Nevadan,
Capt Green, arrived yesterday morn
ing from Honolulu with a heavy cargo.
consisting principally of $4,000 bags of
sugar, 46 cases of pineapples, 250 cases
of canned pineapples and 249 bundles
of hides. The cargo amounted to near
Iy 5000 tons in weight.
The Pacific Mail steamship Manchu-
ria, expected to arrive on January 18th
direct from Yokohama, is to sail again
for the Orient on January 28th, as an
nounced yesterday by officials of the
She left Yokohama on the
9TH, and should be able to make the
run across the ocean in twelve days. |
\ large cargo for the Far East awaits
the big carrier.-ChronicIe
A telegram received Yesterday re- |
ports that the barkentine Hawaii |
which recently arrived at Kobe from |
KiIlisnoo. is still burning. The Hawaii |
was reported few days ago as hav- |
ing arrived at Kobe afire. but the first |
reported that the fire had been eXtin- |
guished. The latest information is to |
the effect that the vessel is still afire, |
but that the flames are under control. |
The Hawaii is owned by Hind, Rol2h |
& Co. of this city. and is laden with q
cargo of fertiIizer.-Examiner jar. Z.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
The Nails.

Mails are due from the following
points as follows:
San Francisco-Per Sierra, Jan. 10.
Yokohama-Per Korea, Jan. 27
Colonies-Per Moana, Feb. 8.
Victoria-Per Miowera, Feb. II.
Mails will depart as follows:
Colonies-Per Sierra, Jan 49,
San Francisco-Per Nebraskan. Jan.
81
YokOhama-Per Manchuria, Jan g.
Victoria-Per Moana. Feb. 8.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
H. r. T. & L. co.

Notice is hereby given that the an
nual meeting of the stockholders of
the Honolulu Rapid Transit and Land
Company Will be held at the assembly
room of the Honolulu Chamber of Com
merce. Stangenwald building, Merchant
street, in the city of Honolulu, Terri
tory of Hawaii, on Thursday, the 18th
day of January, 1905, at 10 o'clock a. m.
The stock books of said company
will be closed to transfers of stock from
the 23d to the 9th days of January,
1905, both days inclusive.
By order of the board of directors.
GEORGE p. THIELEN,
Secretary Honolulu Rapid Transit and
Land Company. 1902
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
NOTICE.

Owing to the hard times the r. & r.
Association will accept all those that
wish to become members by paying
weekly installments of fifty cents or
more till the amount of $3.50 is fully
paid. They will then receive their Ger
tificate Of membership. Now is your
chance and don't delay joining at once.
Relief and Burial Association 50
Beretania street, between Fort and
Nuuanu streets.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
$1,000 REWARD.

TEN dollars reward viii be paid for
the arrest and conviction, or for any
information leading to the arrest of
the party who stole the following
fowls from the residence of Isaac
Tesla. Kalihi: 1 light Brahma, 1
half Brahma and common hens.
7003
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
MEETING NOTICE.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
The regular quarterly meeting of the
Honolulu Chamber of Commerce will
be held at its room in the Stangenwald
Building on Wednesday, January IS,
1905, a 1870 a. m.
a full attendance is requested. I
JAMES GORDON SPENCER,
Secretary.
Honolulu. January Il. 1908
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
ANNUAL MEETING.
COMPANY, LTD.

ORPHEUM COMPANY, LTD.
The regular annual meeting of the
stockholders of the Orpheum Company
Ltd. will be held in Honolulu on
Thursday, January 10, 1905, at g o'clock
D. m, at the office of the Kapiolani
Estate, Ltd, King and Alakea streets.
H. NJ. Won HOLT.
70O2-Jan. II. IS. 49, Secretary.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
Believes in Small Farming

Mr.. w w. Bruner has shown his
faith in Hawaiian agriculture by &C
curing go acres of land in South Kona
from the Bishop and Damon interests.
This he Will devote to the raising Of
pineapples. coffee and small fruits Mr..
Bruner went to Hawaii on the Mauna
Loa yesterday to look after his inter-
ests on the big island.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
ANNUAL MEETING.

MUTUAL. TELEPHONE CO. LTD.
The annual meeting of the stockhoIG-
ers of the Mutual Telephone Co, Ltd
viii be held at the office of the COM
rany on Wednesday, January % 1903.
at . %. m. CHAS. H. ATTENTION,
1000 Secretary.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18

vessel is now grounded in the mud and
sand. and there is no danger of the
wind pounding her against rocks in her
present position.
The tugs Wanderer, Tacoma and Ba-
hada are coming to the assistance OF
the Pioneer, and they will all four en-
deavor TO float the Carleton al high
tide tomorrow morning.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18

) yrs at $3.50 per \ per an. Dated Dec
Is. 1904.
c Plumer and VT to Hamakua Mill
Co. L; por homestead lot % Kaohe,
Hamakua. Hawaii. yrs at $3.50 per
A per an. B 263. D POO Dated Nov 1.
1904.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
Can Anyone Answer.

Editor Advertiser: Would you mind
asking some Of the ladies. who have
had experience, to give through your
paper some suggestions as TO saving
q few of ones belongings from silver
fish. Yours.
DID
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18

The ship 5. d. Carleton is we'll known
IN Tacoma, having for years been in
the Honolulu coal trade out of this
Ledger.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
koNA-KAu TELEPHONE & TELE-

GRAPH CO, LTD.
At the annual meeting of stockhold-
ers of the Kona-Kau Telephone and
Telegraph Co., Ltd, the following
named were elected as officers Of the
comnanY for the ensuing year:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

KONA BOTTLING WORKS CO. LTD.
At the annual meeting of stockhold-
ers of the Kona Bottling Works Co.
Ltd, the following named We're elected
as officers of the company for the en-
suing wear:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18

a HOUSEKEEPER.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-18
ANNUAL MEETING.

Honolulu, January Il.
The daily tribune., 1905-04-05

Tho hard fight was waged against
Mr. Wilkes and Mr.. Tabor.
Mr.. Columbia had Q hard handicap
to face. and the fact that he only had
. week to make the race In fsoe Of
stubborn opposition, shows that he
made . splendid run being defeated
only by 81.
The daily tribune., 1905-04-05
Secures Stay Of Execution.

Cincinnati, o. April 5-By =
decision Of the Court Of Appeals,
Mrs. Chadwick will be given . stay
Of execution Of the ten year sentence
TO the peuitentiary She will re-
main in the Cleveland jail pending
the nnal dispoaitic Of the case.
The daily tribune., 1905-04-05

St. Albans guild will meet tomor.
row afternoon At $3.50 O'Clock with
Ars. Henry Sckmass II.
The daily tribune., 1905-04-05
Standards Novel Sch eme.

Topeka. kan.. April 5--The Stand.
ard Oil Co., has commenced Its cam.
paign to modify public sentiment
in Kansas through the country
newspapers BY placing large adver.
Using orders with the newspapers
at unheard OF fancy prices and much
higher than the regular rate.
The daily tribune., 1905-04-05
Consulting Board.

Washington. April b-The United
States ~ called upon England. Frsnce
and Germany each to furnish an epgi-
neer to serve on the consulting board
Of engineers Of the Panama canal.
The daily tribune., 1905-04-05
ATTEMPT DYNAMITE
PRESIDENTS TRAIN
M. K. & T. Put Strong
Guard Along the Line.
Trackwalker Discovers Several
Sticks of Dynamite on.Road
in Time to Prevent a
Possible Calamity.

Sedalia, Mo-, April 8 5-Unusual
precautions to guard the presidents
special train are being taken on this
division. A track walker picked up
three sticks Of dynamite on the road
near Montrose 80 miles south Of here.
and some boys found several Of the
sticks. More than i60 men were
placed - guards along the line in
that section and no strangers are per-
mitted along the tracks.
vinita. / T., April 5-The presi-
dent was called ont of his car 1t Par
sons. Kansas. before lie had time to
complete his dress, to respond to the
demands Of tremendous crowd gath
cred to greet him. He mada . brief
talk instead Of the usual bow.
The president retired early last
night and did not respond to the mum.
erous crowds gathered at the stations
along the route which continued until
midnight aud which began sgaiu ~
early ~ 4:S0 this morning.
The daily tribune., 1905-04-05
School Shoes

We have the best that il
to be had for boys and girls
for the school. Also . we'll
selected line Of dress shoes
AID oxfords, both in patent
leather and kid, black and
tan, ar any price you may
want.
The San Francisco call., 1905-05-28
Do NOT FEAR
HIGH WATERS
Tulare Lake RancherS Make
Use of Floods, Save Low
lands and Irrigate Farms
GROWERS GETTING RICH
Immense Yield of Wheat Is
Expected From Land Made
Prolific by Ditch System
POWERS GETTING RICH
Special Dispatch to The can.

SEL--A. May 27.-By means Of levees
and bitches Tulare Lake farmers hope
TO control food waters, and at the same
time avoid the damage to crops that
would follow II these waters were al
lowed 70 follow their natural course
and flow to the lower levels of the old
lake bed
They are working night and day to
divert the food waters into the miles
OF irrigation bitches built by them in
the last few months and IL these bitches
can handle the water there viii be but
little damage by the high water. The
oitches carry the water TO sandy tracts
around the lake and IL Is irrigated out
OF the way. Thus the reclamation work
5s doing q double service; IL saves the
growing crops IN the lowlands and
makes II possible to grow something on
the higher levels that would otherwise
be barren.
S. ". Whitemore. who has been
building levees on the lake, return ed
10 Selma q few days ago and he re-
ports that the system OF handling food
waters is working admirably The
wheat In that section IS very prolific
and many tracts VIII average sixty
bushels 10 the acre. The farmers who
svailed themselves OF the. opportunity
70 get cheap lands as the waters OF the
lake receded are making fortunes.
The San Francisco call., 1905-05-28
HOP GROWERS PLAN
TRUST OF THEIR OWN
Want Organization to In
clude Raisers in United
States and England.

SALEM. May 1.-THE formation Of a
corporation. 70 include all the hop grow
ers Of Washington. Oregon California,
New York and even England, is the plan
proposed in letters which have been sent
out By the firm OF Krebs Brothers Of this
city. the most extensive growers OF hops
iri Oregon The plan proposes pooling
OF all the hops grown in the territory
mentioned and placing them upon the
market al the discretion OF q sales COM
mittee. The announced object of the
proposed organization IS to protect grow
ers against market manipulation by the
bear element.