davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
NATURE STUDY.
A Talk Before a New jersey Society
of Practical Horticulturists.
By LOUISA < MILLER, ONO

BY LOUISA h MILLER, Ohio.
Professor John Hamilton invited me
to address the Pennsylvania state
board Of agriculture and employed me
u make out a course Of nature study.
Il included a great many things, en-
9racing insects, forests, soils and q
great deal of experimental work. hop
Ing this subject would enter the pub
lie schools, but they say the teachers
are not prepared for it themselves.
Now. what does that mean: Ii sim
ply means the school authorities are
not prepared 10 take up this nature
study work. and it Is a matter that
should be taken into consideration.
Three or four years ago President
Snyder Of the State Agricultural col
lege Of Michigan invited me 10 come To
the farmers institute, and lie said.
Miss Miller. come and try 10 interest
the children il country life" And l
went there and said. What shall We
talk about: Here We're 80 farmers
ana about - children | talked about
corn. The farmers became limp AZ
once. They said the idea OF a woman
coming from TIE town and talking on
corn. I knew they were Disguised. but
/ began 10 talk 10 them about the ger
mination and cross pollenizatiols. the
history Of the CurworID and Of the
smut. and tie first thing one farmer
Strengthened w and then one after an
other in other dire lions. and tie chill
dren became Interested. ana I 5h-n- :
the children were tac-lc these things
that are right around them they would
not want 10 take up their residence IN
the city, but would stay where they
are IN the country. There 5 nothing
more effec--..l il the mental moral
AMI spiritual Development OF children
than this subject
He Hits the Nail on the Head.
= New Jersey Fruit Grower.-There
is much talk in the rural districts con-
corning agricultural teachings in rural
schools. know as q fact that the city
schools are educating their scholars
:
districts. Nature study Is taught. 20
olosy Is taught, and the plant life is q
part Of the course. Each scholar has
TO germinate seeds II sauce-s OF water.
sketch their appearance. carry them TO
the school laboratory ard examine
them under the microscope; then at the
final examination Tor graduation they
have 10 pass written examination in
zoology and plant life. The CONNER
cial men in cities demand that these
be taught The residents Of the rural
districts talk TOO much and do nothing
toward having nature study il their
schools. Rural sch0o. trustees talk TOO
much. What they should DO IS make il
a part OF the course. and If the people
really desire they have a remedy, which
is 10 elect no one a school trustee whe
will not establish Il
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
Symptoms of Decay,

Il am afraid you are not so strong
as you used to be, john" said a fond
wife to her husband. Il think it Is
about time you were getting some in.
surance on your life"
Insurance on my lifel What are
you talking about? | am as healthy
as ever was. Insurance, indeedr
well, dear. l only mentioned it, you
know, out Of respect to yourself. /
thought you were falling"
"And what in the world put it into
your head that l am failing? Ne fail
ing? Why. am as strong as horse
and can run up three flights of stairs
without taking a breath"
well. that may be so, but l am
afraid you are deceiving yourself"
"Deceiving myself! Goodness gra-
cious, woman, what do you meanT
Don't be so impatient. What makes
me think you are failing is this: When
you were counting me you could hold
me on your knee for three hours. Now
you cannot hold the baby on your lap
three minutes"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
The value of Fresh Air.

IN the museum connected with the
T-G.2.ursL university : an exhibit
TT s a striking object lesson Of the
value OF fresh air. \ professor has
secured the lungs Of an Eskimo. a
Londoner and a coal miner. He has
had them preserved by chemical proc
IS. and they are now side by side in
Z glass case. The EskimO's lungs are
pure white. the Londoners lungs are a
dirty brown. and tie coal miners lungs
are Jet black The Eskimo had kept
his lungs clean not because he knew
more about breathing than tie Lon
doner or the coal miner. but because
he lived in a land Of snow fields and
spent his time in the open air.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

DR.. A R. Ward Of California. who IS
an authority on fowls and a veterina-
rian. recently stated before an associa-
ton Of his medical brethren that roup
in fowls has been shown to be dis
tinct from human diphtheria. The
remedies for roup must be cheap in
order TO be Of general application.
Roup is widely distributed in Cali
fornia. In an outbreak ninety-one hens
were treated three times with kero-
sene. with the result that 81 per cent
were cured. Kerosene appears to be
the best remedy for roup. Tincture Of
iodine was also quite effective in GER
tain outbreaks Of the disease. 1t was
not found possible TO prevent the
spread Of roup by the use Of corrosive
sublimate In the drinking water in the
proportion Of to 1000. Quarantine and
isolation. with thopough disinfection,
give best results.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
savages First TO Wear Mustaches.

In Greece and Rome no mustaches
were worn without boards. but in the
conquering days Of the Roman empire
several half civilized races who had
come partially under the influence OF
the Romans and who wished TO be rid
OF the name Of barbara. or weavers o.
boards. attempted 70 shave in imitation
Of their cOnquerors. but as they had
very imperfect implements for the pur-
pose and as the upper lip is notorious
y the hardest part of the face to shave
in the case Of any one poorly skilled
in the art they were unable TO make a
clean job of it and left a quantity of
hair on the upper lip. This mark was
Characteristic of several nations on the
confines Of Roman civilization. Of the
Gauls in particular. Of the Dacians and
some others. The Latin language has
no word for mustache.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
Agricultural Notes.

Protect strawberry beds and spinach
with light covering If needed.
A Boston vegetable house reports
having sold greenhouse cucumbers ev-
cry month N the year past.
Those apple buyers who held out Ion
gest, trying 10 buy for 81. are now
chasing about the country in vain to
find what they want at $1.50 to SL75
or more, remarks American Cultivator
The Aroostook potato crop increased
during the past ten years from 1895
go bushels in 1894 TO 5.341,73 bushels
In 1903. The yield for the ten years
has averaged well over a million bar
rels. worth about 81 per barrel
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

Fancy sending gunboat to the Chi
ma seas without surgeon on board
But such things used to happen. The
admiralty provided well stocked med
icine chest. But the captain knew
nothing Of medicine. so be had all the
medicine bottles empted into a big tub
and then assembled the company. "All
the stun il there" said be, "and II any
one goes sick be shall have dose Of
the mixture. for there's bound to b
something in it that viii suit your
London Mail.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
4 - Low powN wAGoy.

of the seat, and the seat standards
make the front part Of the rack. The
wagon IS only fourteen feet long. but
I can easily load on a ton Of hay. and
it will not make a larger load than half
that much on some rigs l have seen
pictured in the farm papers.
II IS low down. so that it Is very easy
TO load. and as l Use a horse fork there
Is no trouble in unloading
l have sides Two feet high for haul
ing manure. but another set fourteen
inches wide for other work hauling
stones and such ike. I have alone
loaded stones in this wagon 50 heavy
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
A Helpless Woman.

my wife's the most helpless crea-
ture," growled Gladly; simply can't do
anything without bothering me to help
her"
"YesT
Yes. Only last night had to reach
up and get candle of the shelf Of the
pantry for her so she could go down
cellar and bring up a scuttle Of COAL
Philadelphia Press.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

Farm wages are not so bad after al
when compared on a fair basis Win
the pay of city help. Thus, accociin,
to statistics quoted by Superintendap,
]. ]. Linsley OF the New Haven Conn
state employment bureau. the aversea
factory hand in the cities gets S12
month after paying for board and
washing. while the average farm hama
gets S14 a month. including board an9
washing. the comparison showing
balance Of 81 per month in favor u the
farm laborer. In this part OF the cOuo.
try most farm hands earn more than
s14 net and are correspondingly better
of. but they do not handle quite 81
much cash as does the mill hand. and
they do not feel as flush on pay day
AS matter Of fact, their chances to
get ahead in the world are in nearly
every way much better. - American
CultivatOr.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

At meeting Of the Somerset county
O.. j. board of agriculture the state
entomologist in speaking Of fighting in.
sects with paris green and similar
stomach poisons said there was a wide
spread complaint that the former was
not as effective as it used to be. He
believed this to be due in part to a diff
ference in the making Of the material
but also to the fact that potato bugs
were getting somewhat accustomed to
the poison and partially immune to its
effects.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

4 former su.tan-So runs the story
offered a golden ball for lying. Many
lied 10 him. but the sultan replied that
he could himself lie better. Finally an
aged man from Aneora appeared be-
fore him with a large jar on his shout
ders. Your father" he said. borrow
ed a jar Ike this full of gold from my
father and said that you would repay
the gold to his son" Impossible"
said the sultan. If the story be true"
replied the pilgrim. pay your fathers
debt. If impossible I have won the
golden ball" The sultan at once
awarded him the prize.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

The two pieces a ~ are each FIVE
inches long and ar inch square. TIE
bait and wire 10 which the bait is fas-
tened should be very light, so that q
slight touch on the bait viii cause the
trap 70 fall This trap IS very simple.
and the illustration shows everything
SO plainly that it requires no further
eTDlanarf0-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

Il should 1e borne il mind that 3
great majority u the species Of BAG
teria that gain access 10 milk do not
possess the power to produce disease
and are not injurious 10 healthy adults.
although many Of them are likely 10
produce disorders Of digestion in in
fants and invalids.
Paying special attention 10 cleanu-
ness il every step Of the production
and care Of milk viii result not only
in clean milk. but in d marked retuc-
ton in tie number OF bacteria II con
tails. which viii greatly leugthen It's
keeping qualities. That the desired re-
suits may be obtained care must be
constantly exercised. 1t Is Of little
consequence TO practice extreme clean
illness in all Of tie steps OF milk pro
duction but one and lie filthy about
that one Is this spells the whole
Even il the majority Of species Of bac-
terra which ordinarily gain access 10
milk are not dangerous 70 health. no
one cares 20 consume milk in which
a sediment Is found AZ the bottom II
It IS allowed 10 stand for a short tine.
Frequently much filth is allowed 10
get into milk during milking. and many
mixers practice tie flthy habit OF
keeping the teats wet with milk during
the milking process, yet after It IS
drawn the greatest care i exercised
that no dust or dirt gain access 10 il.
As far as tie final result is concerned.
all pa.-stak.ng care in the subsequent
operations IS lost because Of the care
less work al tie beginning during the
process Of milking. for If filth once
gains access 70 milk no amount Of care
aE-e-war.l ON ra.elr the diffenLrE-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
saltness of the Sea

The two great causes Of very grad
ual increase in the sadness Of the sea
are the solvent powers Of water and
the process Of evaporation. By their
solvent powers rain. rivers and springs
draw salts out Of the land and carry
them TO the sea. In evaporation the
sun, as an enormous pump. is ever
drawing up pure water, leaving all sol
ids behind. On the other hand, many
marine organisms. plants and animals
are continually extracting mineral mat.
ter from the sea wherewith to build up
the solid parts Of their bodily frames.
Whenever the point Of saturation Is
reached salt is deposited, as in the salt
pans Of the Caspian. the Dead sea, Salt
lake, Utah. and numerous beds Of rock
aaif
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
COUNTRY PORK PACKING.
For the Best Profits the Usual Farm
Methods Do Not Answer.

From the time the carcass is hung on
the hooks the farmer must remember
that to make the most profit he must
not follow the usual farm methods EN-
plOyed, but, like the big packers. cater
to the public taste, advises CORE
spondent in Orange Judd Farmer. First
cut the backbone out Of the carcass
just where il joins the ribs. Then
from each half trim of the hams and
shoulders. From the sides remove the
spareribs and lay them aside to sell
Immediately.
The parts are now divided as fol-
lows: The hams, bacon and shoulders
TO put down in salt. There are two
strips of fitch, the backbone. the pigs
feet. the spareribs and the head. From
these will come the meat for sausage,
the fat for lard and the trimmings for
special sale.
People are glad 70 cive l. or 20 cents
for a set Of pigs feet. while spareribs
are a scarce a4d TOO some dainty east
" worth - u 81 cents a side. After
trimming tie sweet meat OF the back
bone the latter Wien cut into sections
sells at 10 : cents rer pound. The
cheeks and r-eat from tie lead make
sausage. vile lie s,.a,! boiled is ex-
cellent for winter laying chickens.
Making F:He sou>a=e.
In maxim ~-... e ! eu- tie fat well
out - it WI no, lie t5J greasy. FIT
enough TO r. IS i.eA-y. II possible.
get three pounds Of beef LON Of flank
to mix with every twenty-five pounds
Of pork 10 modify the taste. After run
ming the meat through q sausage grind
er season with salt and pepper and
moderate with sage or some other
spice. Sausage equals about a pound
to the pint. and if there is too much
sausage for immediate sale put it in
three or five gallon crooks and run
about an inch Of melted lard over it.
This will keep it sweet all winter if
maintained ut an even temperature 1t
need be opened only as enough Is sold
TO empty a crock. After rendering the
lard put into crooks and sell as the de-
uard requires Good sausage brings
readily Is cents per pound, lard about
the same
After the hams and bacon have been
smoked they VIII be ready for market
Ing about February. Last year coun-
try cured hams were worth from Il to
Is cents. bacon 10 to IS and shoulders
5 10 10 cents. There is no comparison
OF the commercially cured products Of
the big packers in the same class with
the home prepared meats. and when
people once get the opportunity to buy
country products they will always be
patrons.
Where the Profit Comes In.
Now as 10 financial results. Take a
hog weighing at home 200 pounds on
a basis Of a five cent market. live
weight. rs value IS SO. II fat the
hog loses about % per cent. or 20
pounds. leaving 16O pounds edible por-
ton Approximately the dressing will
be: Two hams, thirty pounds; two
shoulders. twenty-four pounds; four
strips bacon. overweight pounds;
spareribs. head feet and backbone.
thirty five pounds. leaving about forty
five pounds for sausage and lard. The
meats TO be smoked viii increase about
10 per cent in weight in the pickle. but
lose about the same in smoking. so the
selling weight is the same as the
dressing weight. The following are
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

While out III Boulder county the 9TH
er day we saw some men burning
stublIe field presumably because the
owner lad no sheep VI swine 70 run on
It. Who has not noticed that where a
stack OF straw has been burned the
spot was exceedingly productive for
years: Indeed. has any one watched
such q spot bong enough 70 know that
the extra fertility has passed awayf
It Is well known that wood ashes are
exceedingly valuable as q fertilizer
but i II not possible that the heat.
which IS intense enough 10 fuse the
silica Of the straw into glass. may have
wrought chemical changes in the soil
so that plant food has deyeloDed more
rapidly than By the slower. ordinary
processes Of nature: In times past we
have seen a better crop Of grain from
a field that was burned over and not
plowed than on adjoining parts of the
same field previously plowed. The
ground where the sUbbles were burn
ed was virtually as mellow as an ash
heap.-Denver Field and Farm.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03


1t is claimed that the daily weather
forecast is now furnished by telephone
to $4,000 farmers in Iowa
The total beef output for the state
as reported ~t the annual meeting Of
tie Montana Stock Growers associa.
ton was 210,0C1 head. with 140.0Oc
cattle brought into the state.
The export trade in live hogs is no
longer an important factor of the In.
dustry.
Al Oregon grand jury recently ad
dressed an arraignment Of the public
land laws TO the public land commits.
sion a. Washington.
Cooperative creameries have proved
popular in the central west.
Germany is an important bu-er Of
horses. According TO consular iuforma.
ton. It is not price, but quality IN
satisfactory to the German farmers.
that keeps down the demand for Amer
lean horses.
Many will learn with regret that
Chief Coburn has been Obliged Is ID
health to retire from the active NAB
agement Of the live stock department
OF the worlds fair. Colonel c. F.
Wells will probably serve as acting
chief.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
Old Soldiers Experience.

NJ. NJ. Austin, a civil war vet.
eran, of Winchester, Ind, writes:
"My wife was sick a long time in
spite of good doctors treatment,
but was wholly cured by DR..
Kings New Life Pills, which
worked wonders for her health. y
They always do. Try them. Only
20 cents at A. l.. Pearre's drug
store.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

Sale Of leaSehOld property in
Baltimore City in the estate of
Charles Shipley. deceased, filed
and sales ratified By the court.
Letters of administration grant
ed TO Julian B. aud Eugene o.
Fauble in the estate of Ann
Fauble deceased
Commonwealth Trust c N
pany. af Harrisburg. Pa. ap,
pointed guardian TO George
Chambers Beckeu baugh, heirs
aud representatives of John a.
Lynch.
Petition and courts order
passed 70 release mortgage III the
William Z. Mercer estate.
First and final account OF Will
bur L. Mercer estate.
First and final account of
Wilbur II. Duvall aud Luther
7. 0. Frazier. executors in the
estate OF Selma VI. Frazier, de-
ceased. stated.
Inventories Of personal prop
erty. stocks and debts due fled
in the estate Of Sarah c. Tal Tor,
deceased.
Inventories of current money.
debts due aud stocks and bonds
filed in the estate Of Margaret C.
Myers. deceased.
Letters of administration grant
ed to J. L. and [. o Fauhle in
the estate OF Ann Rebecca
Fauble. deceased.
Sale of personal property filed
in the estate Of Frederick X
Phleeger, deceased.
Inventory of personal property
filed iu tile estate of Ann Re
becca Fauble.
The first aud final account Of
c. Silas Thomas. executor Of
Amanda Thomas. de cea sc d,
stated.
The first and final account Of
Elmer ". Doty. guardian to
Hazel c. Hughes. stated.
Inventory OF personal property
filed III the estate Of Samuel VI.
Birely. deceased.
Courts order granted TO sell
personal property OF Samuel VI.
Birely.
VIII Of Lydia Routzahn adj
mirted TO probate and letters
testameutary granted to Laura Z.
Leathermau aud Cyrus T. Flock.
executors.
Win of Mary Yeakle admitted
to probate and letters tesla
mentary granted 10 Aquilla L.
Yeakle, executor
Letters administration grant
ed to Mrs. Ida P. Sullivan in the
estate of John ". Sullivan de-
ceased.
Will Of Jacob Dorcus admitted
to probate.
Letters ofadministration grant
ed to VIM. H Dorcus in the
estate Of Katie Y. Dorcus. de.
ceased.
First and final account of Mary
Fisher, guardian to Grace Fisher.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

very conservative prices for q com
Try dressed hog: Thirty pounds ha-
at II cents, S4-20; twenty-eight pound,
bacon at 10 cents, $40: twar-v
four pounds shoulder at 8 cents. 50 IL.
forty-fye pounds lard or ssuss,.
at 1919 cents. $500; thirty-fve pound.
backbone, spareribs. etc. at s cent,
500; soap fat. about % cents; total
S1S.51; cost of hog. so; profit. SS51
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

and awkward that two men could bare
y lift item. did this uy driving over
the stone and getting II just II TIE rear
end Of tie wagon I tipped the -ock
on end and up ended il into tie wagon.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
A HANDY WAGON.
A Low Down General Purpose Wagon
Adapted TO stock. Hay or Grain.

The sketch is OF my low down gen
eral purpose wagon, which is a com
bination stock. hay and grain rack.
says a correspondent Of American
Agriculturist- The rack has only two
Ildes made with three stakes and some
harrow boards. When in use l take
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
CseIesu Prayers.

There Is a well known story told By
Dean Ramsay years ago Of two old la.
dies Of his church WAS it no won
derful thing" said one of them. that
the Breetish were aye victorious over
the French in battleT' Not a bit"
said the other "Dinna ye ken the Breet-
fish say their prayers before Gaen into
battleT AYE" returned the first but
Gamma the Frenchmen say their pray
ers as weel?' The reply was: "Hootl
Jabberin' bodiesi VIVA could undeS
stan themT
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
Quite pfnerent.

Mother-You've been sitting IN the
conservatory all this time, and with
young Charlie Brown. Am l never to
instill a sense Of decency in you!
Daughter-'Twas Lord Copperbulge l
was with, mamma, dear. Mother-Oh,
that's different matter. Girls will be
-.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Very Low Rates to Wash
ington, on Account Of the
Inauguration Of Presi d e n t
Roosevelt
From points 100 miles or les
from Washington. tickets will be
sold at one aud one third fare for
the round trip. good going March
3rd and 4fh, and returning. good
leaving Washington until March
9Th. 1905. inclusive.
From points more than 100
miles from Washington, East of
the Ohio River. tickets will be
sold at one fare. plus % cents.
for the round trip. good going
March md. 3rd and 4th. and
returning good leaving Washing
ton until March Sth, 1905. inclu
sive.
By depositing ticket with
joint agent at Washington not
later than March Sth, and on
payment of fee of s1.OO at the
time of deposit, an extension of
hnal return limit will be granted
to leave Washington not later
than March 18th, 1905, inclusive.
For additional information call
on Ticket Agents, Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad. feb. lO4t
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
A RABBIT TRAP.

A Simple Modification of the Old
Time Box and Figure Four Device.
\ rabbit trap which : represented il
American Aerlculrurist is made Of
box two and half feet long and two
feet wide The platform p on which
the trap ) set should be about foot
longer and q foot wider than the box.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03

Mrs. Hix-I got my husband to ad
NIT that he was fool today. Mrs. DIX
How did you manage TT Mrs. Hix-
! showed him some Of the letters be
wrote me during our courtship. Chi
eago Tribuna
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-03
Orphans Court.

Sale Of lea>ehold property in
Baltimore City in the estate of
Charles Shipley. deceased, filed
and sales ratified by the court.