davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
Slew Spouse and Self.

Needles, Cal, Jan. G. story,
a Santa Fe conductor. formerly OF Los
Angeles. sfrt and Instantly killed his
wife. He I naediate1v afterward shot
himself through the head. dying almost
Instantly. Jealousy was the cause.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
Truly an AGED Mar.

Passaic, N. j.. Jan. 1...-Levi Rouss
OF this city has celebrated what he
claims as his one hundred and fifteenth
birthday.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
Clergyman Drops Dead.

Beaufort. S. G, Jan: 17-Rev. arvey
Hatcher. D. D., one of the best known
Baptist elergymen in the south. drop
ped dead In the lobby of the Sea Island
hotel Sunday afternoon.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
- --Ir-g-
Costly Blaze.

Newark, n. J.. Jan 1.-THE plant
Of the J. e. Mergott company, manu-
facturers OF art novelties IN Irvinrton
was DESTROYED by Ere Sunday. The loss
is estimated at about 100000.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
Flooded by Watervvorks.

Celina. Tex. Jan. 17.--Watsrworks
pipes burst and flooded the town, leav-
ms the place with no water supply.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
RRuTALLY BEATEN.
Aged Man Denuded OF ciothi.s and
Cash Takes from Him.

Cash TakeE from Him.
San Antonio, Jan. 17-John Yates
an aged machinist, who owns valuable
property m Philadelphia, Is dying at
the city hospital as a result OF ex-
posture and Injuries inflicted by some
one who beat and disrobed him on Jan.
.. Yates left the hospital three days
before that day and then had s35,
When he was found on the street un-
conscious by the police three days
Inter his pockets had been rifIed.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
General Strike.

Essen, Germany. Jan. 1.-THE min
ers later declared a general strike,
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17

BY Dynamite cartridge explosion
Dudley Moore. q Lampasaa. Tex, boy.
vas badly hurt. having i've holes III
his head and two IN his body.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17

ma e4so Shreveport Mutual Building
ssoriasiol Mrs Fannie ].
arebs Is sls., ID First Judicial Dis
1fics Court IL Csdde Parish,
Viflus a. 1 ,sris III seiixure allsi sat
81 DE issued IL the abose SMILED and
ansbefkd suis, bs he Honorable Frs.
udis District Court 81 Eaddo Parish,
lasSe seiix<tI ana Win oIfer for sale,
q public assetioe, fof cash according 10
1 thu Fithos.f benefst At praisienent, At
he princiipa frout doof 81 the cour
house 81 Cadslo srisll, IL he city Of
shfevepos Ia itas isag HE lesaI hours
szles osx
81 Tt1RnA i. FEBRUARY s.. zoos,
iEs tollowins described real property, to-
VIII Is undivided one elsvensh interest
! ii ina o Us 6it<en Is ana sixteen
I6} u block tyrefty -ii;ive (zs1 III The
Wy " shreveport e Il "a, all buildings
4li 5apf e1nenss
Slid pfofserts III IL sali u salts
ssls Islt skx cssfsesI ias tlse said writ III
Is< sslin y SIS esls hslis yillsd ind forty
~ isl dpIIsrs ia sikty (6o) cents.
plIh si ~ kent interest from
ee all i've 81 PEI cent
81 ssisf a III - attorney q
lss zk cslz llis ssiii
-.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
A. WH1SKEY ARGUMENT.

We do not advise you buy Whsey you buy get
the best We carry ONLY THE BEST for
FsBecause old established drug could
afford ruin good reputation by selling Whiskey
secondBecause great of Wskey for medical
purposes and trade demands the best.
do not look the Whey department of
business for all profits the ordinary dealer do consequently
handle better grades margins
will pay ask for prices and Compare Goods
MORRIS & DICKSON co. Ltd. SHREVEPORT LA
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-01-17
SUCCESSION NOTICE


No. o434-First District Coure OF
Louisiana: Succession 90 Andrew
]. Windham.
State of Louisiana. Parish OF Caddo:
Notice is hereby given that louis Lieb-
man has this day applied to be appointed
administrator OF said succession, and
unless opposition be made thereto within
the time specified by law, he will be
appointed as prayed for. -.
Witness the Honorable T. r. Bell,
judge of said court, this 27th day Of
December. 1904.
F. A. LEONARD, CLERK.
r Dec. ~, 1904.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13
PERKINS RETURNS
WITH NEW LAOYBUG

r. c. L. Perkins, the Government
entomologist. who, in company with
Prof Koebele. has been searching for
insects in Australia to check the raw
ages of the Ieaf-hopper, returned last
evening on the Miowera.
He brought with him a new kind Of
Iadybird which he found in the Aus
tralian cane fields, and he thinks the
insect will be of great practical value
here. The specimen ladybirds were
brought up in the refrigerator and
should be in fine condition as the three
kept in Mr.. Perkins's room lived with
out care or food until within couple
of days of land.
Mr.. Perkins said that he thought the
trip mad been successful. In regard
to the voyage home, he said that it had
been rather hot until the last couple
of days out when it became quite cold
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13
LOCAL BREVITlES.

NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ
II NJ
NJ See the live shark at the NJ
NJ Aquarium. NJ
II
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13
A CHINESE GIRL
ACCIDENTALLY SHOT

Yesterday afternoon a young Chi
nese girl, All MOy by name, accidental
ly shot herself with a shotgun. She
and her older sister Were playing with
an old gun. 1t slipped from the little
girls hands and went off tearing a
large hole in her side and injuring the
arm All Moy was taken to the Queens
hospital, and it was found that two of
her ribs We're broken and there was a
great gaping hole which allowed her
liver to be seen. The little thing was
put under the effect of opiates and
a large number of the shot extracted
The wound is sc severe, however, that
it is not expected that the child will
live
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13

Shirt Waist sale at Whitney {
Marsh's until Saturday.
A. n. Sanford, optician, Boston build
ing. Fort street. over May & co.
An or Is horsepower second hanC
gasoline engine is wanted. See classi-
fed ads.
Two choice paintings will be sold al
auction today at IL o'clock al Morgan
suction rooms.
a young man desires a situation or
work of any kind. See our classified
ads on last page.
Regular Friday miscellaneous sale to-
day at James F. MOrgan's auction
rooms on KaahumaGu street.
Vehicles of all kinds manufactured
and repaired at the Hawaiian Carriago
Manufacturing Company, 427 Queen
street.
James F. Morgan will sell a number
of fishing boats. all in good condition,
tomorrow at II o'clock at the foot of
River street.
The third week of Ehlers's grand jan
uary clearance sale begins Monday
morning. Laces and corsets at remark
able reductions.
The stock books of the Oahu Sugar
Company, Ltd. will be closed II tra-s-
fers from January 18TH to the 18th,
both dates included.
Henry May & Co. are selling Cur
tice Bros celebrated pure sap maple
syrup q so cents a quart bottle this
week. Be sure to order by phone Main
%.
A suit cut in the latest style from
the latest style of goods and one that
viii fit you perfectly is procurable at
L. b. Kerr & Co.'S for $3.50. Sale for
the next ten days only.
The window display of woollens at !
L. b. Kerr & Co.'S store is worthy of
your notice. The sale is for ten days |
only and the price is reasonable. CAN |
early and order your suit, only S22.5G: |
and a perfect fit is guaranteed.
Jim Carly, the stabIemau. has dis
continued the livery business and will
hereafter have more time to look after
boarding and stabling horses. Animals
left in MS charge will be carefully look
ed after and given special attention.
Tenders will be received at the Of
flee of the superintendent of Public
Works up to February IS for construct
ing an embankment for the Waimea
river on Kauai. Specifications can be
seen at the office of the superintendent
at any time:
Have you seen the Wellington $50
typewriter that Theo. H. Davies & Co.
are agents for? This machine only
Weighs fifteen pounds. The agents will
'end a sample machine to any respon-
sible party or firm on ten days trial
f so desired.
Sale of tailor made skirts at Whit
ley & Marsh's on Monday next.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13

The San Francisco Weekly Examiner
will distribute $780, 900 in prizes among
its subscribers this season and Mr. ii.
W. Holling, their travelling agent, IS
now canvassing Honolulu for subscrlp-
lions, with local headquarters at wall
Nichols Co. Don't miss this opportu-
nifty to subscribe; only $3.50 a year
with a chance to get a fortune.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13

THE FUNDAMENTAL Law OF
HAWAII Bound in law calf. sent
postage prepaid. to any address in the
United States for S. a copy.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13

Rumors multiply to the effect that
the President succeeded in selecting
a canal commission that is too dis
tinguished to work-The Detroit News.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13
MANILA CIGARS IN TEA.

Or without. Just the thing for
Christmas present. Call at the HA-
WAIIAN TOBACCO CO.. corner King
and Bethel streets, and place your Or
der for a box. Only a few left New
stocks Of smokers requisites just ar
rived.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-13
BUSINESS LOCALS.

ag8a gagggga a8g x
y e
q The good advertisement tells z
q some things and suggests others. x
q
aasg 8gaga ggag8g x
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
Brand Directory.
Forrest Hall
Springfield, Colorado

Registered Brand.
Range: Noytll Of
Villas, b c I " q o II,
Horse creek and
Butte creek.
Additional brand;
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
The Companion as
Christmas Gift.

Can you think of gift more certain
to be acceptable than years sub
scription to The Youths Companion?
Is there anyone, young or old, who,
having once had the paper in his hands
and looked through it, did not wish to
possess it for his very own? 1t is a
gift which, far from losing its fresh
ness as Christmas recedes into the past,
grows more delightful, more necessary
to ones enjoyment week by week.
The boy likes it, for it reflects in its
pages every boyish taste and every fine
boyish aspiration. The father likes it,
not only for its fiction but for its fur
of information of the practical s
The girl likes it for the stories, anee
dotes, sketches and editorial articles
printed in each number especially fo-
her. The mother likes it for its stor
of domestic life and family affecto
for its children's page and for its med
ical article.
On receipt Of SITS, the yearly sub
scription price, the publishers send to
the new subscriber all the remaining is
sues of The Companion for 1905 and tt
'Minutemen" Calendar for 1906, litrt
graphed in twelve colors and gold.
Full illustrated Announcement of IL
new volume for 1906 will be sent wit
sample copies of the paper to any ad-
dress free.
THE YOUTHS COMPANION,
144 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
School News
by N. 6. JONES
County Supt.

Following is letter from Miss Kath-
crime L. Craig, State Superintendent.
"Dear Mr.. Jones:
SIN order to awaken
interest and encourage teachers to fol-
low well defined course in reading,
deem it advisable to select from the
two books recommended for the read
ing circle such questions for the Decem-
ber examination as pertain to the his
torical settlement of the Northwest
Territory and School Sanitation and
Decoration. Please inform your teach
ers of this decision
A clipping from the Denver Republi-
can, referring to this decision was pub
Iished in this paper last week.
We placed an order for the books of
the Teachers Reading Circle quite a
while ago. School Sanitation and Dec
GRAFTON copies were sent. The others,
Settlement of the North West Terri
tory, were out of stock, but they prom
ised to send them soon. Any teacher
wishing to secure one or both books
should call for or send to this Office.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
Always Staunch
And il'i't,

The Denver Republican has
ways avoided the fallacies ar
llnaveries Of yellow journals
and its steadily increasing Circa'
ton proves conclusivcly that ii
policy of telling the plain Trut
without cxaggeration; CT i:.;srcpr
scntation, standing fast for IL
Right, is heartily approved VT
growing force by the intelligent
Public to which it appeals.
To read it is liberal Education
and the citizen who goes without
it does a positive harm to himself
to his family, and to the commu-
nifty.
In no other way can the invest
raent OF ~ cents per day
for that is all The Republican
costs any subscriber-bring such
rich results in that knowledge
which is both Power and Pleasure.
Information. instruction and en-
tertaininent fill its columns ard it
leaves a good taste in the mouth
of the reader.
1t stands for Law and Order IL,
the Statc-for Peace, Prosperity
and Happiness i'll the Home.
If you are not already enrolled
among its splendid list of Patrons
send on your subscription and give
it fair trial at Is cents per month
for Daily and Sunday.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
County Officers.
Mail : Time Card

Mail Time Card.
sPRfSGFTEID-LAMAR
pAirStexeept Sunday.
(Reuto 80 Gsass)
,"s'l-'d ". L. Z" n, M. M Lamar Ar. T r. r. :" M.
spRINGFIELD--BLAINE
Tuesday, isr%dny- saturday.
isoute No. d6ss4)
-pr,"gaela, ky5a a.. M m, Blnine, ,hy iy I'm: ip
sPRiSGEiELD-MAXES
sArCnnAv.
tE.nnte No G5ss5)
,ptnxneld k, ts. Am. A. M Maxev Ay. AZ. poan M
Observation-Disclosures.
AoNpAf-wEpNEsDAy-. stpAY.
ttsoute No tSssJ)
pr'Hshe" 4. a.%: Villas HTss Hr Is M.
s."ni-s,o" a, A.: i Il p. a M. n'
sPRtNGFIELD-CoKRIZ
tfaatc No Gaes7)
Cu4eday Thursday -aaturday leaves Springfield
TOO n. M, strives at C"rrizo ] COP.
Leaves Corrizo Monday, Wednesday,.
Friday at 77e Il, m; arrive at Springfield,
700 pm.
{Free boz delivery on All routes
All malls closed Gve minutes before leaving
simc. siLAS f. SPEcKMANN, y. NJ.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
sPRtxGFIELp-coRRlzO.
Glealilgs and Comment.

We have received a letter from the
Colorado State Fair association, thank
ing US for the free advertising we
didn't give that corporation previous to
its last grand annual graft Just be-
cause the state makes fat contribu-
tion for that particular fair is no reas-.
on for the country publisher being
called on for and expected to contribute
about ten dollars worth of advertising
space and get note of appreciation in
return. Other agricultural fairs in the
valley pay regular rates for the space
they use, while the Colorado fair goes
Begging for support and renders no ac-
count to the people of how it used the
state appropriation.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03

"THE HERALD contains some
very interesting reading for
me. Enclosed find, etc. l hope
before the expiration of that time
to have the address changed TO
Colorado. C. NJ. Cow "
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
Expenses of Insurance Management

G4PSuScSO1 Oh A1Su1dNCe dndRetnent
The real question is: What
does company get for the mon-
ey it spends? If a company
spends 25 per cent. of its income
in year and gets in return a
large, well-selected business,
done under reasonable contracts
with agents, it has done well, it
is growing-growing both in
strength and usefulness. If a
company spends 18 per cent. Of
it's income annually and gets a
very small business, done under
extravagant contracts and hap
hazard management, it has not
done well--it is not growing eth
er in strength or usefulness. If
a company spends only 10 per
cent of its income annually, that
fact alone is almost conclusive
proof that it is passing into a
condition of inanition and rela-
tive uselessness. The little busi-
ness that such a company does is
likely to be done at a heavier
cost than the business done by a
company with virile organiza-
ton. Sound organization gener-
ally means economy; success
breeds success. A just study of
expenses must include a consid-
Grafton of what expenditure
brings. In the great companies
it has brought enormous develop
ment, the widest usefulness, the
vigor of an almost immeasurable
strength, and returns to be in
sured which with proper allow
ance for the cost of indemnity
surpass the returns realized dur
ing the same time on conserva-
tive investments. Review of
Reviews for November.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
Low Rates from Lamar

Annual Meeting Arkansas Valley
Teachers Association, Pueblo, Colo. :,
Dec. 1-2. One and one-fifth fare on
certificate plan, minimum attendance
50. Tickets purchased going on Nov.
30, Dec. and 2 will be honored for re-
turn at one-tifth fare under the rules,
on or before Dec. G.
Home Visitors Excursion to Eastern
Territory, which includes principal and
intermediate points in Indiana, Ken
lucky, Ohio, western Virginia and the
lower peninsula of Michigan. Dates of
sale, Nov. 9th. Rate one fare and one
third. Final return limit q days from
date of sale.
American Mining Congress, El Paso,
Texas, Nov. 14-1s, 1905. Rate S27. 10.
Dates of sale, Nov. 10, II, and IL. FL
nal return limit Nov. 25 leaving FL Pa
so. By deposit of ticket with joint
agent and fee of SO cents before Nov.
is tickets may be extended to Dec. 25,
1905. Side trips from Ell Paso to points
in Mexico and Arizona may be obtained
at one fare for round trip.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03

Observation-Disclosures.
pAIivGeSeept Sunday.
(Rsutc 20. Gjlss)
Alvin III, Ar, H. M
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
Excursion Rates and Hrs
rangements to Pacific
Coast Season 1905

Women's Christian Temperance I'm
ion Convention, Los Angeles, Oct. 25 to
Nov. 2.
San Francisco and Los Angeles.
Dates of sale-May 2, 8, 4, 10, II, IL,
13, IA, 30, 81, June l, 2, Aug. II, IL,
13, Ia, Is, Oct. l8, l9, 20, 81, %. Rate
S42. 10. Final return limits 80 days from
date of sale, not however to exceed
Nov. 80, 1905.
G. j. Carvin, Agt.
Lamar, Colo.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
w A NTED
AS() WOMEN

WANTED
MEN AND WOMEN in this
county and adjoining territories,
to represent aud advertise an old
established house OF solid financial
standing. Salary 10 men *21
weekly, to women $l2 to SIS
weekly with Expenses advanced
each Monday by check direct from
headquarters. Horse and buggy
furnished when necessary; position
permanent. Address, Blew Bros
Il Co.. Dept. T., Monon Bldg ,
Chicago, Ill.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03

Ask to see our fine selection Of
Parker Lucky Curve Fountain
Pens when in town. They are
the very thing to give a friend.
All prices. Guaranteed.
The Springfield herald., 1905-11-03
BoQuETs.
- -

Permit me to express my ap-
preciation of your attitude rela-
tive to the telephone service and
the proposed railroad. The first
l consider the one matter of in
terest to Baca county, so far as
it is entirely possible for such a
line to be established by the peo-
pie themselves. A servicable,
permanent, and substantial line,
with such connections as can be
obtained with the Colorado Tele-
phone company would mean
thousands to Baca county. Of
course we want a railroad; but
we are dependent upon outside
capital altogether for the incep-
tion of the business, at least.
But not so with the telephone. l
believe that practically every
ranch can have satisfactory con-
nections, with an ultimate saw
ing of money, from a standpoint
of business relations with the
outside. Ny only regret is that
it is not possible at present for
me to take stock. / hope you
will be able to bring some induce
ment to bear on the promoters of
the proposed road if it is at all
probable of construction), to get
the line through our county. l
am sure you will do all in your
power. l am glad we have an
editor that takes such interest in
public questions. The mills of
the gods Tin Baca county, grind
slowly but some of these times
those gods of the range will wake
up and grind faster.
-'GUY E. KoNKEL,
Georgetown, (Colo.)"
Omaha daily bee., 1905-12-31
NEW PLACE FOR PEMBERToN
OHlcer Who Commanded in Canada
Now Head of TrOops In
Scotland.

EDINBURG Dec. 3-(Special Cable
gram TO The Bee.)-General Edward Penn
berton Leach, V. c., C. " o., c. b.. who
has assumed command of the troops in
Scotland, was promoted to his present rank
in the army early in the present year. He
became a major general in 1897, and i'm the
following year proceeded to Canada as pres
ident of the commission upon Canadian de-
fence. In 1900 he was selected for the COM
mand OF the troops in the north of Ireland
an appointment which he held until pro-
NOTED to his present rank.
He is an army officer of experience, haV-
ing served in the Lushai expedition 1901 /;
in both phases OF the Afghan war. lS79-sO-
81; at Suakin in 1855, and at the close of the
Nile campaign, 1886, He was awarded the
{. r. for servie in Egypt the same year
and commanded successfully brgades at
Abbasiyeh, Korosko and Assuan and was
the last officer to command the Egyptian
frontier field force at the beginning of 1857.
during the withdrawal of all the British
/ troops from the Egyptian frontier
Omaha daily bee., 1905-12-31
POSSIBILITY OF SECESSION
London Newspaper Predicts Dire Re-
suits to Follow Suppression of
Coolie Importations.

LONDON Dec. 3O.-(Special Cablegram. -
The earl of Elgin, the new colonial secre-
tary. will find many questions of impor-
tance pressing home upon him for settle
ment now that he has assumed that i'm
portant Office. The fact that he has taken
practically no part in controversial politics
since his successful discharge of admins
trative duties is regarded as being in the
nature OF recommendation. Among the
first matters that will demand his most
thoughtful attention are the affairs of
South Africa The more radical wing Of
the liberal party will do its level best to
force the hand Of Sir Campbell Bannermar,
in the matter of the Chinese labor in South
Africa. So serious is this subject both for
Sir Campbell -Bannerman and for the
colonial secretary that the London Daily
Telegraph in a leader editorially prints the
following warning:
We assert with all solemnity, and with a
full sense Of our responsibility, that If the
Chinese coolies to the Transvaal, South
Africa as a whole will secede before they
(the liberals) have been twelve months in
office There will be no civil war; no re-
bellion; there will be a practically unani-
nous, though reluctant decision to cut
the painter And this decision will not
be due to the unanimous approval OF the
employment Of Chinese labor, nor to the
bankruptcy Of the Transvaal should the
importation be suddenly checked. but 10
the indignation Of all classes of African
ders at being treated as mere pawns in
the game Of English domestic politics Ii
is too often forgotten that at any time
between 1882 and 1856 Cecil Rhodes need
a secession o: a sullen and dscontented
British colony.
Omaha daily bee., 1905-12-31
PRINTERS READY FOR STRIKE
Union Men in New York Job Ohlces
VIII Not Return 10 Work
Tuesday.


NEW YORK. Dec. 3O.-Preparations for
the fight which is expected TO begin next
Tuesday between the employing printers OF
New York and the union compositors went
rapidly forward today, and il is declared
both by members of the local Typothetae
and by officers Of Typographical union No
that there will be no concessions on either
side. The employing printers have opened
a headquarters downtown, where they have
made arrangements to house and feed the
out-of-town printers who may be brought
here to take the places of the strikers.
In practically every book and job printing
shop in New York was posted today a
notice that the shops would be conducted
January on nine-hour day schedule and
at the present scale of wages The Typo-
thetae issued a statement today in which It
declares that all 1t wants is protection for
the new men who will be brought into the
shops.
All the members OF the Typographical
union in this city paid 10 per cent assess
ment on their weeks wages today to aid In
the proposed strike, and Il is understood the
fund thus far gathered by big Six is the
largest the union has ever had to fall back
upon.