davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20
PROVISIONS
CHICAGO PROVISIONS. April 20.

CHICAGO PROVISIONS, April 2o.-Provisions
were easier in sympathy With lower prices for
July pork was of 2hc at s12.75, lard was
unchanged to shade lower at 1857 BIN to
Close-Pork May, $12.45: July, S12.75; Sep
tember:- $12s7h Lard, May: $7:155@ @ ~ 4,
RIBS. May May, $500; July s7.171a; September,
M.371A.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20
SIOUX CITY LIVESTOCK, April 2o.-Receipt.

Cattle, 600: hogs, $500.
- H oggs lower. sslss.eo. $50 lbs, $40:
1,1s9 lbs. 1928; 10. 1898 lbs, $3.50. Cows
and Heifers-1o. $40 lbs. So; IL. e1o lbs. $40;
8, 1,120 lbs 500. Stockers and Feeders-14.
7os lbs, $3.4e; 49, s45 lbs $500: II 1856 lbs
$40. Yearlings-15, 454 lbs $3.15; 13, 500
lbs So. so; 49,, $40 lbs, 81.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

Attic roasted whole for twelve hours over
coke fres,. bullock. cut up and distributed
among 500 poor people at Sunderland, was found
to be still. knocked.
The extent of China's coal fields has been put
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

PUTS AND CALLS. --
Puts-July wheat. $3.50. l..s"
Calls-July wheat $1.01H. g..
Curb-July wheat, 81. 0Ob 1o0A.
Indian weekly wheat shipments, 348O 900 bu;
last week. 500, 900 bu s.-as .s..s.z- .... -
Liverpool quotes American mixed corn on the
spot " higher. - s&;%
WHEAT MOVEMENT BY ROADS, APRII. 10.
St. Louis. IL; Great Northern, %; Soo 3.
-Cars-Milwaukee, %: Omaha IL:
Observation-Disclosures, Is; Omaha, "a; st.
Louis. 80; Wisconsin Central. 1; Great North
ern, Q: Burlington 8. e.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

Railroads entering the yards reported receipts
for the day by loads as follows Chicago Great
Western, Z; Chicago, Milwaukee & st. Paul. II;
Minneapolis & st. Louis, = Chicago. st. Paul
Minneapolis l. Omaha, 10; Great Northern. 26
500 line, 2; Northern Pacific, 10; total, 50.
Disposition of stock Wednesday, April ~:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

BUT HE NEVER LAID AN EGG.
A city girl, living in Worcester,
One time did invest In a rorcester
And waited, they say,
For the critter to lay
IA whole week; then she laid for the ror-
cester.
Houston Post
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

Lifeboats were launched on service no fewer
than 2A occasions the American coast last
year and saved SO lives. The fleet of life-
boats numbers 2S5.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

NEW YORK PROVISIONS, April 2o.-Beef-
Firm; family. $1S@13.5o; mess, $n@1l.bo;
packet, $11.5O@12.
Pork-steady; mess S1S.50@13s715; family,
S14 5O@15; short clear. $13@15
Lard-Seady; prime western steam, $3.50.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20
GENERAL PRODUCE

Official quotations Of the Minneapolis
Produce Exchange, corrected up to 10 m,
Thursday, April 20.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

MIDWAY HORSE MARKET, Minnesota Trans
fer, st. Paul, Mimi, April 2o.-tsarrett & ZiIn-
norman report the principal trade came from,
railroad contractors ard local expressers. The
difficulty in procuring horses in the country
brought prices up about $40 head. Calues:
Drafters, extra, $1se@21O; drafters choice, $50
s11SO; drafters, common to good. Sl20@150: farm
mares, extra, $130@155; farm mares. choice. 500
@13O; farm mares, common to good. $75@1O0.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20
Total ...........2,191

Prices &c lower. Receipts moderate. Average
quality fair, showing slight improvement over e
bulk. $500; light and light mixed, So to IS rs;
mixed and butchers. s5.l5. to $3.50; heavy, $3.50
Hogs-7s, PAP lbs. $685.; 80 2os lbs, s5.25; 81,
222 los: $500; 80, 2t1 lbs, s5.22A; SO. 1856 lbs.
$40; IS, 223 lbs, $500; &c. 1s1 lbs $5.17h;
Is. ~ ID lbs, 1915; 50, IA lbs, $50; 80, 100
lbs. od g. and b5 E1dS s5s 400 D' $780, 100
veals steady. stoekers and feeders quiet at un-
Butcher steersl. APO lbs, So; %, 1875 lbs,
$3.50; II. 1, 4O1 lbs, $3.50; s, 1926 lbs. $3.50;
u.s. l sa 's 81 ss4 u.s. 120' lbs s' H. 1o4'
il; ss$ ;ss g. lbs ''' ls
:, Cutters and Gamers. see lbs: s2s5; 2: 900
lbs, $3.50; 8: LOCO lbs, $3.50; 2, 1856 lbs. $40;
s2ss i, 1910 lbs $40 $40 '''' '''''' = '1'' IDS
Yes, C., Ssvss1 100 lbs 3bs $50 lib lbs
stock and Feeding steers-12, So lbs, sa.s
IT, IT, ss7 Ib: sas1 r. soS lbs $3.50; s. COS
as Stock se Cows and iG aeifer4 600 b. s25o
TOP lbs, s2a5; 4. 525 lbs, $226.
Stock and Feeding Bulls Il, l,1so lbs. SIS
J. 1lso lbs S2'sS; 2 s'S lbs s27'; 2 7so lbs
s1 e es ' 81: s'tE $751; f'e COW, sso
a ss sset to a FEED ,y Fssss
Killing Sheep and Lambs-1s spring lambs,
S.. 10; 561 shorn western wethers: i47 lbs, So;
| 100 shorn western ewes, 100 lbs $4s5.
Among the shippers on hs g. market ond were
Trench, Dennison; E. r. Cain. sEybure; Molm
6 Donaldson, Morristown; Dowd & Co., Water .
Germany; G.. p. May, Norwood: G.. NJ. Hughes,
Hudson; WIS., Thompson sDysE; E kns
Cold Springs. .-...-,
CHICAGO LIVESTOCK, April 2o:-cattle- Re
ss@ @n 3ssdspe to o@4 M
Bulls Bulls ss s5tvas caves ssas2s. s'ls
n,9seeE
fe?e hsSs s5seaSo bulk Of sales
sheep-Receipts, 5,ooo sheep and lambs
t. weak good to choice xetheEs
$40; western lambs, s4.50@7.75. .
OMAHA LIVESTOCK, April 2o.-Cattle- Re
ceipts, $500; market slow to loo lower; native
steers, $4.5O@6.5o; cows and heifers, So. 500
5.10 ..r..y as,
Hogs-Receipts. 1900; market shade to SC
lower; light, $52o@5.so; pigs s475@525; bulk
| +Sneep-heCelptS, LEW, mhTket SteduS u easy
wethers, $5.so@5so; lambs. $e.s0@7.40.
| ST. LOUIS LIVESTOCK, April 2o.-Cattle-
| Receipts. $500, including 200 Texans: mar
| ket on natives steady; Texans weak: beef steers
| $496.5O; cows aud heifers, So 256l $50: Texa.
steers. $s.5O@5.75; cows and heifers. s2d4.5o
s"s best esi
Sheep-Receipts, 5000; market steady; ma
/ tives, $3.5o@o5o; !an3s, $5@s; spring lambs
$11. -l.-- go
! KANSAS CITY LIVESTOCK, April 2o-Cattl,
Receipts. 400, including 500 southerns; mar
ket slow; native steers. $4.75@6.5O; native cow.
and heifers, 81 bO46. S5; calves. $366.
| Hog-Reccipts. 1000; market SC lower: bull
Of sales, $5.20@535; pigs and lights. $44O@
$50. - =
| sheep-Receipts 1000; market steady; NUT
tons, $4.50@6; lambs $6@7.5O
| NEW YORK SUGAR AND coFFEEApri
9e.-sugar, raw quiet :. fair ad refining. sS2c
3 Fl a2c; refined, quiet; crushed. 6.s5c powd
eyed, 6.25c; granulated. 6.15c. Coffee, steady
No. rio. 7ssc. Molasses, steady; New Or
leans, 29@35c.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20
RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS, April l,

RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS, APRIL 10.
Received-wheat, SO cars. 77,4s0 bu; corn.
$500 bu; oats, 1880 bu; barley 1o42o bu;
stuffs 10 tons; hay. 14o tons; CARROTS, 146.
shipped-Wheat, III cars, 1o3, $50 bu; corn.
1880 bu: oats, 1900 bu; barley, 40,eso .bu;
rye, 1,O4O bu: fax, 1920 bu; -four, 81,213 prls;
millstuffs, 1,241 tons linseed OIL 100000 gals;
oil cake, $4,000 lbs; CARROTS, 40.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

NEW YORK OIL, April 20.-Petroleum-
Easy; refined, all ports, $7@7.05.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

DOLLY WHEAT MOVEMENT, APRIL 10.
The following are the receipts and shipments
at the principal primary wheat markets.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20
sales.I Stocks IS

Am. Wooden. Il
80. 900 Am. Locomot. !
- i do pr ....... |
800EAm. Lfnseed. i
J do pr .-..... !
900 Am. Sugar |
SO, 600 Am. Smelling.
600 do pr .......
24S20O Anal. Cop. i
loo Amazon. Cop. i
ID, 1901 A.. T. g. S. F.
-, do pr &..s.... =
IL, 200 B. & o. ~
1S, 500 B. r. II.
IA, 100 Can. Pacific. .
IL, 500 Ches. & Ohio.
900 Corn Products. !
200 do pr ......
6,&lI Chi. Ct. West.
C.C.C. g. st. L.
8O,7COl Col. f. & T..
1,6OO|Col. Southern. :.
I'D do list pfd. :.
do I'd pfd. :.
1,30C Consol. Gas. :.
1,30OlD Del. & Hudson.
ID, S. S. & A.
do pr $500.
46, W0( Erie -. 49,.
300 do LIST pr.
2,100 do I'd pr. t.
1900 Gen. Electric. IL.
, $500 Illinois Central
Inter Paper. ..
do pr -.
2, 400 X. C. & South
{ do pr -. .
/. 13SSOOI Louis. & Nash
300lM., st. P. s. s
700 do pr ;. j..
2, S0Ol Manhattan >. -.
1000 Met. st. Ry. .
Met. Securities
IL, 100 Missouri Pac
7OGlM.. X. & n
1900 do pr -.
$500 Mexican Cen.
1000 Nat. Biscuit . i.
IL, 90OI Nat Lead =. !.
do pr -.
Is, 500lNorfolk &. w
7.20l North Am. Co.
IL, &0iNorthwestern
a, 3GOlN. Y. Central.
| 5, 300l Ontario u W.
1000 Pressed Steel.
do pr 49,.
2, 400 Pacific Mail
60, 100 Penn. r. R. :.
IA, 9W) Peoples Gas :,
76, 400 Reading .......
81, 500 ReDub. Steel
4, 800 do DR.
$1,000 Rubber Goods,
| 5000 do pr
| 1880 Rock Island :,
| 1,3O0 do pr 80.
81, 400 st. Paul 49,,
Fl, 900 Southern Pac.
IA, 200 Southern Ry :.
| 400 do pr $3.50
IA, 600 Tenn Coal e. I
4.7O0lTexas & Pac
2,3O0lTwin City R Z
@S40OI Union Pacific
| 1901 do pr -.
| 1GlU. S. Leather
1901 do pr
2,900l U. S. Rubber
900l do pr
$4,000 70. S. Steel
10s7O0 do pr -.
2,600lVa. Chemical.
| do pr -.
400 Western Uniol
1900 Wis. Central.
| 1,400l do pr
Greene Con. Co,
Nor. Securitie
III. S. Steel 5s
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

NEW YORK METAL, April 2o.-Lead and cop
per, quiet and unchanged.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

-CIOSe-
High Low Bid. + Bid.
est. est. Apr. 4OIApr 10
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

KANSAS CITY LIVESTOCK, April 2o.-Cattle
Receipts 400, including 500 southerns mar
ket slow: native steers. $4.75@8 $50; native cows
and heifers, 81 5OQ5.S5; calves $3@l6. .
Hogs-Reccipts, 1000; market SC lower: bulk
Of sales, $5.20@5.35; pigs and lights. $4.40@
$50. =
SheeH-Receipts. 1000; market steady; NUT
TONS $4.5o@6; lambs, $6Q7.5O.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

2o.--Sugar, raw, quiet: fair refining, 3-32c;
centrifugal 96 test, 4 2sa2c: molasses sugar.
S5e s5c coes sesGS
No. Z rio. 7ssc. Molasses, steady: New Or.
leans, 29@35c. =
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

ST. LOUIS LIVESTOCK, April 2o.-Cattle-
Receipts. $500, including 2,700 Texans: mar
ket on natives steady; Texans weak; beef steers.
steers $3. 5O@575; cows and heifers. s2tl4 5O.
Hog+Receipts. 5000; market lower; pigs and
lights. $4@5.45; butchers and best heavy, SIS. 35
@5.55
Sheep-Receipts, 5000; market steady; ma
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

WINNIPEG GRAIN, April 2e:-opening: May.
October, soNc; cash No. 1 northern, 95c; No.
northern ssc NO. northern ss1ae No; "a extra,
| ceipts IS cars: year ago. 161. $50
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20
THE DAYS REPORTS
CLOSING CASH PRICES


ats, III; No. rye,7 +
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-04-20

CHICAGO COARSE GRAIN AND SEEDS,
cash northwest. $1.4o; southwest 81 ~; May.
$1.27; April. $1.27. Timothy. April, $2:9o@3;
September. $3.50. Clover, April, $14. Barley,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-04-02

rid of them in early spring Is OF course.
important. FumIgation Of the cellar by hy-
drocyanie gas Is the surest means of such
determination indoors. This treatment be-
ing deadly to all animal life. Il is not used
in dwellings but In factories. etc. The
building must be vacated soon as the
fumes start and left closed for at least
twenty-four hours before IL is re-eutcrrd.
1t Will be rid of rats and mice well as iu-
sect life Sulphur burned over a water
bath at the rate OF one pound for every 5n0
cubic feet of space is more applicable Tor
cellars of dwellings, but attacks metal and
blesches all fabrics exposed. Furmaldvhyde
stupefies but does not Kill.
Smoke Your Cellar With "Jimpson."
The dried and pulvcrized leaves OF limp
son weed" using three parts to one Of SALT
peter spread a half inch thick on a large
piece OF tin. will Kill the alternating mos
quitocs If ignited on several ends and al
lowed TO smoke. the cellar being closed as
tightly as possible. Eight ounces OF the
powder will suffice for 1000 cubic feet -
space. The fumes are practically harmless
to man, but the operator should not re
main in the cellar after the match is 1p-
piled.
Pools whose surface is covered with duck
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-04-02

and still others on railroad trains. When
such crimes have been committed and the
offender gets away it becomes necessary for
the captain to prepare circulars containing
his description and offering reward for his
apprehension. Considerable work IS neces
sary in the preparation of these circulars,
and some thought has to be given to the
matter of how and where they should be
sent When it is possible to obtain a photo
graph of the person wanted it Is much
easier than when a description alone Is
given and for this reason the captain al
ways illustrates his circulars when he can.
He had a case not long ago in which the
object was accomplished under difficulties
which seemed impossible to overcome. An
Italian was wanted for muTderOusly as
Saulting an Italian woman, and as there
was no detective of that nationality under
him. Captain Boardman had to assign
others to the case. 1t was thought that the
fugitive had gone to his native country or
some other place across the ocean, and cir
cularS containing his description were sent
there They were also sent to the principal
cities in this country. Detectives Hartgan
and Baur were selected by the captain to
look after the case and following out the
lines a s laid down by the heads of the de-
partment, they succeeded in capturing their
man He was in strange part of this
country and had changed his name, but
was unable to keep out of the hands
of the law In the case of the muir
derer Frank Funk, the captain found him
self at sea at the time the crime was COM
III,
to give an idea of the amount of work re-
uuired but which accomplished the end so
greatly desired. Some little time and
trouble on the part of the captain enabled
him to send out much detailed information
respecting his past. In addition to this
part of his history the captain found the
army description of the fugitive, which
covered twenty-five marks.
This case is only one of many which go to
show the thorough manner In which the
work is performed by Major Sylvesters first
assistant.
In addition to the many people who have
legitimate business with the captain, he Is
constantly being importuned by would-be
more than their share of his time. Letters
come to him from people all over the
country asking for positions on the force or
for information in a manner to indicate that
they are victims of some confidence game
or that they are of unsound mind. 1t is
an easy matter for him to dispose of those
who correspond In this way, but it Is far
from easy to get rid of the man who ap-
pears in person to tell of his detective abii-
ties, of his imaginary persecution or Of his
patents which he thinks are of interest to
the police in the matter Of detecting crimi-
nails or keeping them after they are caught.
cranks call upon him and tell enough to
get themselves locked up before they have
an opportunity to go where they might
cause trouble. Such Is the daily routine of
the chief of detectives and when the time
comes for him to go home at night 1t is
almost impossible for him to throw off the
responsibilities until the next morning.
when there comes repetition OF the gay
before.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-04-02

All pools in vacant lots or roadside pud-
dies should be filled in every case or drain
ed off into the general sewer system.
Ashes and dry waste collected from towns
should be utilized for filing purposes. Ac-
cidental receptacles like tin cans old buck
on dumps or in cellars should be cleared
away Where these precautions have not
been taken early enough in the spring
kerosene of low grade and fuel oil produce
the best film when applied to the Infected
places. One ounce will cover fifteen square
feet of water if put on in fine spray.
Female Lives Over Winter.
Indoor breeding places for mosquitoes
are water tanks, fire buckets. water cush-
ions under elevators. etc. Female mosqui-
the male lives but a few days after hatch
ing The eggs are not killed by the winter
snow The adults when they hibernate
seek any shelter-an overhanging bank,
among roots of trees, In hollow logs, cell
lars, among rubbish. in boxes or barrels.
While in this winter torpor the legs are
bent and drawn up near the body so that
the mosquito assumes what is known as
the Information squat
They can be picked off with the fingers.
and in very cold weather. when pushed
from their hold, will fall to the ground and
lie as IL dead until revived by a warm tenn
perature. All of these hibernates are i'm
pregnated females, each a potential pro-
genitor of between 400 and 500 specimens.
As the ordinary winter mosquito population
of city cellar Is rarely less than 100. and
often reaches ls000 the question of getting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-04-02

fairly we'll without the postage stamp.
But the earliest of all regular systems
was established in France toward the close
of the thirteenth century, regular staff of
couriers being employed to carry the malls.
From France 1t spread to Germany, thence
to Italy and thence to England Its devel-
opment has been, however, made remark
able by the United States, which country
now has the most elaborate of systems, and
the only really perfect arrangement of all
its branches. 1t is the pattern for all other
countries and its advancement has been so
great and its rise so rapid to cause the
wonder of those who have watched it.
Prior to the invention of paper making
out of wood all the stamps were at one time
growing as cotton in the fields of the south.
Then came the pulp mill and revolution
in the art of paper making. The great trees
are felled and taken to the mill where they
are ground into a pulp and so macerated
that all sembiance of wood has left them
and they are mere mushy mass. This is
dried that it can be handled with the
machinery which is next to take hold of 1t,
thence to the paper mill, where it is con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-04-02
NEW BRUNSWICK. n. J..

March 80, 1913.
st. Patrick's pest determination in Erin
was nothing compared to State Ento-
mologlst Smiths victory over the Jersey
mosquito, the good people in this state arc
thinking, and they are willing to chisel his
good-natured face and rotund form in ever
lasting granite, to be set up in the state
house square and garlanded on his every
birthday
Mosquito season is just opening through
out the country. and it is timely to de-
scribe the miracle which this wizard has re-
Gently performed and is performing in the
worst mosquito-ridden spot on the face of
Gods creation. His laboratory is at the
state agricultural station in this city but
his field of operations extends from Sandy
Hook to Cape May, and all that lies west
ward to the Delaware. Splashing about the
dismal swamps, the salt marshes, the stag
nant pools, his boots thlgh-deep IN mire,
MS net across his shoulder and his speci-
men bag at his side, he has learned of every
skeet Its language, where it builds its
nest In summer. where it hides itself In
winter. He has found species never
dreamed of before and knocked In tho baa1
about every theory that other entomoIo-
Slsts have advanced as to the dving
scourge of the Jersey shore
Found to Migrate.
That all of these pests had about the
same habits and methods of development.
ana that nothing like real migration oc-
Cured, We're some of the things firmly be-
I1eVed up to the time when Dr. Smith began
splash1ng about in the fresh ponds and
salt marshes. People were oiling ponds
galore, likewise pools and bitches and even
running streams. Then they sat down for
a good old summer glOat, gratulating
themselves that the pest was wiped out
Tor Keeps But in the midst of all of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-04-02
Literature of Genius.

From the American Psychological Association
Bulletin.
Literature of genius during the last two
years presents two tendencies: Negative
against the LombrOsian or pathological
school,; positive toward the explanation OF
genius as a superb synthesis Of normal
functioning There is also a popular at
tempt to make genius a manifestation of
the unconscious. The results of these in
vestigatons are apparently contradictory.
The pathological school LombrOsO, Nor
dau) makes genius neurosis of an epilep-
told nature and like insanity phase of a
morbid susceptibility; its opponents say
there is here no necessary lack of balance
in the cerebro-spinal system. The physio-
logical school conceives genius higher
faculty depending upon given physical
endowment, others say there are certain
mysteries of endowment not open to analy-
sis The social school considers the great
man the essence, the index, or the inltiator
of social progress; against this some hold
that the causes of production of great men
lie in a sphere wholly inaccessible to the
social philosopher. The subliminal school
postulates an extra, subconscious person.
ality with superior memory, imagination
and inductive powers: on the contrary 9TH
ers assert that such consciousness Is not
an inner light, not a peculiar supernormai
activity
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-04-02

mail matter mailed during the first men
toned year having, been 100000, while In
1901 there were Z, 425 900. 900 of pieces car
ried by the post offices of the United States.
But although postage stamps are not
known to have existed prior to the middle
of the last century the post system Is men
toned in the Bible. In Chronicles IL will
be found the reference: so the posts went
with the letters and 80 the posts passed
from city to city" In other books of the
Old Testament will be also found reference
to the posts, and 1t was during this early
period of the worlds civilized history that
it may be said the postage system had its
birth Man was. however, many thousands
of years in evolving a scheme whereby he
could save himself trouble. The early days
were not such strenuous ones as those OF
the present century, and commerce did
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-04-02

necessity-aud it came al time when the
worlds commercial relations had grown to
such proportions that no longer could the
special courier be used Tor the dispatch OF
messages each letter to be paid for in so
much coin of the realm. 1t was IN 1910
that Breat Britain first adopted the post
ge stamp. and the United States followed
in 1S47, with five-cent and a ten-cent
stamp bearing, respectively, the faces of
Washington and Franklin. Prior to that
time all postage was collected in money, its
prepayment being in all cases optional.
1t was not until 1868 that the free delivery
system was established, during the admin
istration Of President Lincoln and of Post
master General Blair. This system was
first applied only to cities having popula-
ton of $4,000 or more, and from that day
to this It's growth has been constant, until
with the establishment of the rural free de-
livery letters are now delivered free of all
other cost than the stamp into the heart OF
all the farming districts Of the United
States. one set of figures will Illustrate
the growth of the industry from its incep-
ton in 1890 to 1901, the number of pieces of