davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1905-04-24
Berkeley Graduate
Will Study in
Europe.

The parents Of Miss Aurelia Henry.
who graduated from the University Of
California in 1898, have just received
word of their daughters good fortune
in being awarded the European fell
lowship of the Association of Colleg-
late Alumnae. The home Of the Henry
family is at 1909 Euclid avenue. Berke-
ley
Miss Aurelia Henry is regarded as
one of the most brilliant students that
have graduated from Californa. She
took the degree of Doctor of Philoso-
ply at Yale. taught later at Lewiston.
Idaho, in the State Normal School,
and now will go abroad to enjoy in
Europe the advantages of the Euro
pean Fellowship.
The Association of Collegiate Alum
nae is national organization Of
women college graduates. with
branches in twenty mine different
cities and a membership of more than
3O00 1t supports the European Fell
lowship with the aim of promoting ad
vanced study by college women who
give promise of distinction through
original gifts. previous training, en-
ergy,l power of endurance and health.
The bestowal of the fellowship is
based upon evidence of the candidate s
ability and of her promise of success
in her chosen line of study. 1t is not
usually granted to those who intend
to take up the profession of law. the
ministry or medicine. Women who are
looking forward to positions as teach
ers or professors or to literary or
scientific ycations are given the pref
erence.
Miss Henrys achievement, that is
believed to have won for her the
coveted fellowship, is a fine transla-
ton. recently made. of Dante's De
Monarchia." which Houghton. Miff1in
a mill
The San Francisco call., 1905-04-24


which. it is thought, brought on the at
tack of indigestion.
When Jefferson became i'll he return
ed to the Reefs and was taken to his
room on the second floor of the cot
tage, which is only one hundred feet
from the ocean, where he could watch
the sea The weather was favorable
throughout his illness
DR.. Potter. the family physician at
the Florida home. lived three miles
from the Reefs and went occasionally
to the bedside of his patient, feeling
that Jefferson might survive But when
the first critical period occurred he
spent most Of his time there and
called DR.. Worley of st. Augustine, a
specialist, for consultation.
II was soon seen that Jefferson had
not the strength to shake off the at
tack and his death was only question
of days.
The San Francisco call., 1905-04-24
PRESS SCORES GOVERNMENT.
French Editors Say the Russian Fqeet
Was Treated Unjustly.


PARIS. April 23.-Some of the
newspapers of Paris, commenting upon
the expulsion Of the Russian second
Pacific squadron from French terri
torisl water in Indo-China. hold that
France, in seeking TO render exact JUS
tice to Japan, has been unjust to Rus
sia- The Echo de Paris. which is
strongly o-RuSsian, saws that
Frances insistence upon Roiestven-
sky's leaving Kamranh Bay will have
the effect OF making him an easy prey
10 Togo. as the Russian ships. being
driven from all points without being
able 10 take on coal, must put to sea
with half-flied bunkers, being thus
crippled at the moment of meeting the
enemy.
And this is neutrality?" scornfully
observes the Echo de Paris
The same paper quotes the French
regulations authorizing belIigerents to
take on sufficient coal 10 reach the
next port and maintains that the next
port IS Vladivostok- Therefore, the
Echo de Paris asserts. France has not
given her ally's squadron the beneft
Of French neutrality laws.
The Temps criticizes the Saigon re-
port that Russian merchant vessels
have been forbidden 10 take on the
necessary coal 10 enable them 10 reach
The nearest Russian port. The paper
1laintafns that the ships have the right
p take on sufficient coal to last them
= VIadfvOstok. which is the nearest
Russian port The Temps adds:
rsulsr powers having many cosling stations
hs-e an Interest n making neutrality rules
ex-emely strict IA order 10 prevent their ad-
Nsleries from procuring coal through neutra1s.
Vbe they enjoy fun supplies from their own
coa NJ stations. On the contrary. Continental
poprs namely France. Russia and Germany,
The San Francisco call., 1905-04-24
NEAR DEATH
BY MENTAL
SUGGESTION
Woman I'll, Thinking
She Had Taken
Acid.

BRADDoCK, Pa, April 2s.-Be-
lieving that she had taken large dose
of carbolic acid by mistake for whisky.
Mrs. Markuerite Totske. 81 years DID,
wife of a rich German merchant of
this city, almost died from suggestion
to-day. She was unconscious almost
six hours and the most stringent ef-
forts were necessary to restore her.
Physicians say il is a remarkable
case OF autosuggestion and if 1t could
be carried out in cases OF nervous
troubles, wonderful cures could be
made in insanity and other mental
troubles.
The San Francisco call., 1905-04-24
ANTI-BOYCOTT BILL NOW
A LAW IN COLORADO

DENVER, April 23.-Governor Nc
Donald has signed the antf-boycott bill
passed at the late session of the Legis-
lature. This measure was strongly
advocated by the Citizens Alliance
and was vigorously opposed by labor
organizations. Violation of it's pro-
visions IS punishable by fine or i'm
prisonment, or both.
The San Francisco call., 1905-04-24

Continued on Page 3. Column 1.
The San Francisco call., 1905-04-24

cnunued on Page 2. Column 4.
The San Francisco call., 1905-04-24
GREAT BRITAIN SHAKEN
BY EARLY MORNING QUAKE
Damage Is Done to Walls and Roofs
in Dcrbyshire and
80. Yorkshire.

= LONDON, April 23.-An earthquake
lasting several seconds and occasion
ing much alarm was felt about Q
O'clock this morning throughout
Derbyshire and Yorkshire and in ad-
jacent districts. There was triflinz
damage to walls and roofs in some
places, but nothing serious has been
reported.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
BEN EFT
FOR KARI" !"
GARDNER, AUTHOR OF POPULAR
BALLADS, is OBJECT OF
CHARITY.

Chicago, Fsb. "a. "Karl" Gard
ner, "the sws st singer" who made the
song, Little s33unch of Lilacs" popular
is down ana oGtss4s 4.
With an invalid daughter and an
aged wife. now bedridden, but who dur
ing forty years has danced and sung
with him before flashing lights and
laughing audiences, the old comedian
lies at the point of death. Once pros
porous, the maker of several fortunes
which he spent or gave away, he lives
now in little fiat at 131 North Ham
lin avenue-"just north of the railway
tracks"
This afternoon, however, while the
sweet singer" trying to forget the de-
spair that clutches at his heart, speaks
words of comfort to the family de.
pendent upon him. the younger gener.
alton of the profession was singing
and dancing their merriest, Irish com
edians blarneyed as they never did be.
fore and acrobats did their most dare.
devil" stunts at a benefit performance
for the old FIRST liner'
The event was characteristic of the
universal brotherhood among the peo.
pie of the stage world. The attendance
was large.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
BIG STORE
DESTROYED
LOSS OF $4,000 is RESULT or
FLAMES AT MENDOZA,
MO, TODAY.

Mendoza, Mo-, Feb. a. Especially
Fire this morning destroyed the
store and stock Of the Putnam County
Supply company, causing loss of $19,-
900 on the stock and $1,000 on the
building. The insurance was partial.
The cause is not known. The blaze
night watchman was quitting work. 1t
started in the shoe department but the
cause could not be discovered. Soon
afterward large tank used to store
acetylene gas for lighting purposes ex-
ploded and from that time it was i'm
possible to save anything from the
flames. The store supplied miners
employed by the coal concerns To-
Gated here.
Fatal Blaze at Milwaukee.
Milwaukee, Feb. Lieutenant Will.
firemen were hurt at fire today
which damaged the plant Of the Inter
national Woodwork company to the
extent of $4,000.
Fire Threatens Children.
New York, Feb. 24.-Fire which
started in the New York Juvenile asy-
1um today spread so rapidly that 1T
was beyond the control of the emer.
gency fire brigade of the institution.
There were 1000 children in the build,
ing at the time but it is believed all
escaped.
None Injured.
The fire was quickly extinguished
The loss was small and none of the
children were injured.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
DRAFT OF FAMOUS BILL LOST
FROM MISSOURI Capital

Jefferson City, Mo-, Feb. 24-The or
iginal draft of the Godfrey anti-pool-
selling bill. the substitute for which
was adopted Tuesday by the house of
representatives, has disappeared from
the office of the chief clerk. AS the
substitute is based on the original
bill. in the nature of an amendment
the action of the house in passing the
bill, which prohibits all betting on
horse races in the state, becomes null
and leaves the breeders law just as it
stands on the statute books.
Representative Hams, who has been
a strong advocate of the repeal meas
ure, introduced a resolution providing
for the appointment of a committee to
investigate the reported disappear
ance of the bill. This was unanimously
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
PEOPLE OF JACKSON, MISS, MAY
LYNCH NEGRO FOR
CRIME.

jackson, Miss, Feb. "a. - The po-
lice have captured a colored man
whom they believe to be the one who
attacked Miss Mamie Marsh last night
and for whom, il taken alive Governor
Vardaman has offered reward of
$500. The negro was put in the city
Jail which is surrounded by a company
of militia. The city Is apparently
quiet but there is much suppressed ex.
citement, which has been heightened
by the burning of colored church this
morning. The fire is believed to have
been incendiary.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
BIG TUNNEL
COMPLETED
ENGINEERS PIERCE THE ALPS
BETWEEN TWO
NATIONS.
I Fl e SIMPLON TUNNEL
One Of the greatest Feats in the His
tory Of Ergineerlns-Extends From
Brisa, Switzerland to lsell, Italy
Work Occupied More Than Seven
Years and Cost s15,ooo,ooo.

Condo, Switzerland, Feb. 24.-The
piercing Of the Simplon tunnel through
the Alps was completed at 1920 this
morning. This is regarded as being
one of the, greatest engineering
achievements of the age. Many diff
culties were encountered and over
come. The length of the tunnel from
Briga, in Switzerland, to Iselle on
the Italian side of the mountain, is
about twelve miles.
Took Seven Years.
The work occupied over seven years.
According to- the contract the tunnel
must be ready for traffic on May 15
next. The Swiss and Italian govern
ments Jointly financed the undertaking
at cost Of $15 100000.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
H0CR IS HELD
coRoNER's JURY CHARGES HIM
WITH THE MURDER OF HIS
WIFE.

Chicago, Feb. 24.-Johann Hoch was
held to the grand jury late yesterday
by the coroner's jury to answer to the
charge of causing the death by ar
senic poisoning of Mrs. Marie Welker-
Hoch, next to the last wife of the con-
fessed bigamist. The man heard the
verdict with show Of brayado
After hearing the testimony of the
chemists who found arsenic in the
post mortem examination, and of DR..
Joseph Reeses, who attended Mrs.
Hoch in her last illness, the coroner's
jury retired at $40 o'clock. About 4
O'Clock the six men returned with
their verdict.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
MISS YAW HAS NEW NAME.
The French Could Not Pronounce the
Old One.

Paris, Feb. 24.-Miss Ellen Beach
Yaw, the soprano, whose marvellous
range of voice attracted attention in
America, has changed her name. AS
Mile. Elvanna she has just made a
debut in Rome in Lucia di Lammer.
moor"
The French and Italians could not
master her real name. Their changes
on Ellen Beach Yaw have been gro.
tesque, certain journals referring to
the singer as Miss Ellen Beast Jaw"
Other efforts were equally distressing
to the singer, who hopes by calling
herself Mile. Elvanna she will obviate
fhe difficulty.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
FEAR A RIOT DIE In WRECK
ENGINEER AND FIREMAN ON
EASTERN ROAD BURIED UNDER
LOCOMOTIVE.

Philadelphia, Feb. 24.-An express
train on the Philadelphia & Reading
ran into the rear end of a freight train
near Parkland, short distance from
this city today. The engineer and fire.
man were buried beneath the engine.
So far as is known none of the pas.
sengers were injured.
Elevator Accident Fatal.
Davenport, Feb. "a. ESPECIALLY
Edward O'Toole was killed and August
Abel Of Davenport was badly injured
by the falling of an elevator at the
machine shop at the Rock Island ar.
senal at noon today.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25

adopted, the committee was appointed
and during the afternoon submitted the
following report:
l. That a. spurious bill was substi-
tuted Tor the original Godfrey bill,
which the house passed with amend
ments made by the criminal jurispru.
dence committee
2. That the original Godfrey bill
was lost or stolen.
8. That the name of the person or
persons responsible for the disappear
ance OF the original of the present
anti-pool-selling bill are unknown to
the committee
Attorney General Hadley will be
asked to inform the house what effect
the loss of the measure would have on
the one passed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
SQUADRON OF JAPANESE SHIPS
IS ON THE WAY TO
yLADIvosTok.
RUSSIANS DESTROY TOWN
Halchens, Ten Miles East of New
chwans, Was Completely Destroyed
by Daring Raidlng Party-Russian
Reconnaissance Brings Armlesclose
Together In Hard Fight.

st. Petersburg, Feb. 24.-General
kuropatkin reports that twenty Japan
ese torpedo boats and large warship
are on the way to Vladivostok.
Russians Destroy Town.
Mukden. Feb. PA daring Russian
raiding party under command of Col
onel Slensmidta completely de-
stroyed with explosives, Haicheng, ten
miles east of New Chwang, on Tues
day.
Russian Reconnaissance.
st. Petersburg, Feb. 24.-A telegram
from Huan mountain, dated today
says:
The Russian reconnaissance in
force in Tsinkhetchen district com.
PEELED the Japanese to bring nine bat.
talions of twelve guns into action. The
gradual advance of the Japanese in
that district continues, causing our
outposts to withdraw fighting to their
main positions.
"On Feb. % we had two officers and
sfxty-two men wounded.
All is quiet elsewhere at the front
with the exception Of the usual ex-
change of shots"
Russians Shell Town.
Toxic, Feb. 24-Manchurian re-
ports say the shelling of the points in
the vicinity of the Shakhe river and
the collision between scouting parties
of both the armies continued on Feb
ruary % and 23. Commencing at !
o'clock on the 23d. Russian battery
of heavy guns posted west of Lita.
jentun began shclling Lapatai and its
vicinity.
The North Sea Decision.
st. Petersburg, Feb. 24.-The deci
sion of the North sea commission has
not yet been officially made public
here, although it is understood that il
has already been communicated to the
foreign office and the admiralty.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
ASK PEABODY TO WITHDRAW
Majority Of Committee in Colorado
Contest Said to Favor Adams.

Denver, Colo, Feb. 24.--The guber-
natorial contest committee adjourned
last evening until this afternoon, when
the briefs of the attorneys for both
sides will be filed Unconfirmed re-
ports state that the majority of the
committee. which consists Of nineteen
republicans and eight democrats, will
sustain Gov. Adams and recommend
that James H. Peabody withdraw his
petition.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
READY FOR THE INAUGURATION.
Eleven Governors VIII Participate In
Ceremonies Of March d.

Washington, D. G., Feb. 24.-The in.
augural committee has appointed five
members to take up the project of
constructing a permanent auditorium
for inaugural ceremonies. Eleven gov
ernors have given notice Of their in.
tention to participate in the exercises
of March 4. The plans of the commit.
tee practically have been completed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
CAN HOLD
HER TONGUE
MRS. CHADWICK REFUSES TO
ANSWER QUESTIONS IN
COURT.

Cleveland, o., Feb. "a. - MRS. chad
wick, when placed on, the stand in the
proceedings against her
today before Referee Remington. re-
fused at first to be sworn. After con-
sultation with her attorneys she fin
ally consented to take the oath. She
was asked to state her name but she
refused to reply to this or any other
question that followed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
ACCIDENT PREVENTS A MATCH.
Gamble Breaks Right Hand and !
Forced to Retire From Contest.

Burlington, Feb. 24-While engaged
in his last hour Of training Shorty
Gamble, who was to have wrestled
zeke Dewein for the championship of
southeastern Iowa at the opera house
here this evening, met with an acci,
dent, crushing the bones in one hand
and compelling him to withdraw from
the contest.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
OBSERVE DAY
ANNIVERSARY OF CUBAN UPRls.
ING ELABoRATELY cELE-
DRAFTED AT SANTIAGO.

Havana, Feb. 24.-The anniversary
Of the uprising of 1895 in Santiago,
always a national holiday, was cele-
brated today with unusual significance
by the unveiling here of magnificent
statue of Jose Marti, the Washington
of Cuba, and the foremost figure in
stirring up and organizing the last rev.
olution.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
NIEDRlNeHAus TO WITHDRAW?
Republican Leaders Of Missourian's
Forces Say He Is Willing.

Jefferson City, Mo-, Feb. 24.-Nied.
ringhaus has indicated to his lieuten.
ants that he is ready for them to see
what could be done in getting together
on some one else. He has not an.
nounced to anybody that he intends to
withdraw from the senatorial fight,
but the first move has been to encour.
age talking of somebody else.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
NEBRASKA AGAINST STANDARD
House Adopts Resolution, But EIimi-
mates RockefeIIer's Name.

Lincoln, Neb., Feb. "a. - The lower
house of the legislature has adopted
the resolution condemning the Stan
dard Oil company, but amended it SO
as to eliminate that part referring to
John D. Rockefeller's gift to the Uni
versity of Nebraska. The resolution
commends the legislation in Kansas,
and indorses the position of President
Roosevelt.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
BOWLS HIGH SCORE.

c. M. Anderson of ST. Paul Is Now In.
dividuaI Champion.
Milwaukee, Wis, Feb. 24.-C. M.
Anderson of st. Paul, bowling in the
Individual class, today smashed the
score of 633 made by Otto Kupfer, of
Chicago, last night, rolling 651. He
now leads in the individual class.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
Takes Refuge in Law.

Mrs. Chadwick sought refuge in her
privilege as an accused person and re-
fused to answer most of the questions
on the ground that what she said
might tend to aid the prosecution in
her criminal cases. The entire exam
ination was series of wrangles and
disputes between the opposing counsel
and the referee. Finally all sides
agreed to an adjournment until March
13.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
HELD Gull TY.
PRINT COOLEY CONVICTED OF
MANsLAUGHTER AT
sIGouRNEY.

sigourney. Feb. 24-(special. -
Guilty of manslaughter" is the yer,
dict of the jury in the murder trial of
Print Cooley, charged with killing
James Smythe, ('Jimmy the Bum") in
What Cheer last winter. The trial
was completed last evening and the
jury was out more than twenty-one
hours, returning with its verdict at 2
o'clock this afternoon.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
Prominent New Yorker Dies.
RalIroaders on Strike.

New York, Feb 24.-Sidney Dillon
Ripley, a prominent insurance and
club man, died today as the result Of
an operation for appendicitis.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
Z X T R A !!
ATTEMPT ASSASSINATION.
Five Men Accused of Trying to Kill
President of San Domingo.

Washington, D. c., Feb. 24.-Minis-
ter Dawson, at San Domingo city, to-
day cabled the state department that
an attempt was made there today to
assassinate President Morales. The
attempt failed and five of the assail-
ants We're captured.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
FIGHT SALOONS AT SHELDON.

Rev. |. N. Mccash Holds Big Meeting
and Secures Funds.
Sheldon, Feb. ,24-President McCash
and Secretary Malone of the Iowa
Anti-Saloon league, attended the con-
vention of the county league here yes
terday and completed the organization
of the membership. A large sum of
was raised to be used in the
cause of temperance.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
HEPBURN MAKES REPLY
T0CHARCES AGAINST HIM
CRISIS is TODAY.
President Harper Passes Through
Important Stage In Illness.

Chicago, Feb. "a. President =
Y Harper today passed through the y
= crisis Of the after effects from his y
y operation. He had good night,
= resting quietly.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
HARVARD GETS GIFT.
Emperor Gives University Part of Ex
hibit at Worlds Fair.

Cambridge, Mass, Feb. 24.-Profes-
sor Hugo Munsterberg, of Harvard
German emperor had presented to Har-
ward that part of the German exhibit
at the st. Louis exposition which rep
resents the social ethics of Germany.
The collection is regarded as notable
accession.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25

Washington, d. G., Feb. "a. - The
senate committee on interstate COM
merce today agreed to report reso-
luton asking that the committee be
authorized by the senate to sit during
the recess Of congress and take testi-
mony for the purpose of preparing
some measure for the regulation of
railroad rates and report at the next
session.
Flowers Are Excluded.
The senate today adopted resolu-
ton from the committee on rules, di-
recting the sergeant at arms no to per-
nit flowers to be brought into the
senate chamber.
Canal Bill to Conference.
After passing number of pension
bills the house today sent the Panama
canal bill as amended to conference,
and began the consideration of the
sundry civil appropriation bill.
Renews Race Discussion.
Washington. d. G., Feb. "a. - Rep
resentative Crumpacker of Indiana, de-
livered a lengthy address in favor OF
the proposition to reduce representa-.
ttyes in the house of those violating
the fourteenth and fifteenth amend.
ments to the constitution, regarding
the disqualification of voters. He said
that while the south would be affected
more than any other section of the
country, the reduction would be felt
az much in the state of Massachusetts
a. in Mississippi. He pleaded for per
feet equality in citizenship and de
clared that the door of hope should
be open to all citizens without regard
to color or creed.'
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
MANY HELD FOR sLAvEkEEPINe
Alabama Jury Indicts Sheriff and
Other Prominent Citizens.

Montgomery, Ala, Feb. "a. - The
federal grand jury here has indicted
many prominent citizens for keeping
persons in peonage and for whitecap-
ping. Among them was Sim d. May
sheriff of Grenshaw county, who dis
appeared several weeks ago. In some
cases white men were held in peonage
by white men and negroes by negroes.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-02-25
kRATz FOUND NOT GUILTY.

jury TT case OF Alleged BoodIer Re
turns a Verdict for Defendant.
Butler, Mo-. Feb. "a. - The jury
in the case of Charles Kratz on trial
for alleged boodling while member
of the st. Louis city council, returned
verdict of not guilty after being out
an hour and thirty-four minutes.