The Newtown bee., 1905-02-24

tional, which might win success from desperate conditions"
 SOME CATHEDRAL TOWNS OF
 ENGLAND.
 WRITTEN FOR THE BEE BY ROSS
 JEWELL.
 Newcastle-on-Tyne is hardly thought of as cathedral town, but such it-iaas been since 1882, when the fine old Church of St Nicholas was raised to cathedral rank. In ancient times the city was renowned as the home of eccIesiastics, as shown by it's Saxon name, Monk Chester. The present name came into use after the erection of the castle by Robert, surnamed Curthose, eldest son of William the ConquerOr. John Knox was afternoon lecturer for time in what is now the cathedral
 Newcastle is thriving city of more than 200, 900 inhabitants. Located in the midst of extensive coal fields, it is one of the chief coal-exporting ports of England. Among it's many manu- featuring industries perhaps the build ing of locomotives takes the lead. Stephenson's "No. 1" engine, which stands on the island platform of the Central Station, is no longer the mod. ell. How antiquated it, looks after three-quarterS of century, with it's wooden bOiler-jac and queer little smOke-stack. One can imagine it aw- ed into silence by it's own giant proge- ny, pulling and snorting and scream ing on every side. How insignificant the inheritance of wealth and rank compared with the endowment of genius, when collier's son can win the applause and grateful remem- brance of the whole civilized world.
 Durham is 12 miles south of New castle. The cathedral and adjacent castle crown promontory in loop of the River Wear. The older portion of the city is clustered below them. Up- on the coming.of the Danes the monks of Ltndisfarne, impelled by fear, came southward, bringing with them the relics of St Cuthbert. A final resting place for the bones of the saint was found at Durham, where church was built over his tomb. Tradition says the monks were mysteriously led by a dun COW which paused on the rocky eminence by the Wear.
 William the Conqueror in subordf hating the nobles to the crown made exceptions of the earls of three border counties, conferring upon them almost royal power in return for their serv1c- es in protecting the kingdom against invasion. These counties were Ches' ter, Durham, and Kent. The bishop of Durham was created Earl of North umberland and his successors for three centuries exercised almost unlimited sway over that whole section. The castle, built by William and now occu pied by Durham University, was the seat of the bishops for many years The Scotch were troublesome neigh bors and the great cathedral became "Half house of God, half castle 'gainst ths
 Scot"
 Architecturally, as we'll as in loca tion, Durham has few rivals, and per. haps no equal, in England. In the Galilee or Lady Chapel at the wes1 end of the magnificent Norman nave is the tomb of the Venerable Bede and back of the choir repose the bone' of St Cuthbert. Those who delight ir curiosities find one in the great nave A blue marble cross marks the limit which women were formerly not allow ed to pass, St Cuthbert having decree( that no woman should approach hi tomb.
 York, the Eboracum of the Romans is quiet city on the OuSe. The ol( walls have been battered by many { siege but are still standing and serve as promenade around the city. Eb oracum was an old town when Agrico la took possession in the year 78, and it became the headquarters of the famous With legion and the frequent l home of the Roman emperors. Sever. us died and was buried here and Con stantine the Great was here proclaim ed emperor. The points of contact between York and English history since the coming of the Saxons are in numerable. York Minister is one C. the largest and most celebrated il England. Most of it's great windows contain their original stained glass o
 five centuries ago. The east window 76 feet high and B wide, is the highes but not the widest Gothic window il the world. It's library, like the libra ries of many other cathedrals, contain rare books and valuable manuscripts
 Lincoln, an interesting old town o about fl ,00O, has fine -locat tion on
 hill by the Witham in the midst o
 the fen district The marshes hav' been largely converted into pasture and titled land and the chief industr
 of the city is the manufacture of agri cultural implements. Some of the fin est Roman remains in Great Britai
 are found here and the Danish occu
 patton has left many traces in the lc cal names. The castle, which wa