Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-22

greedy or tyrannical or have perverted its
name and fame of the republican party for
criminal purposes. The city Of Philadel-
phia has never failed to give a large ma
jority for the republican state and national
tickets since that party was organized.
Twice during that period have democrats
occupied the executive chair of the state,
but each time the city of Philadelphia has
returned big majority for the republican
ticket On several occasions public indigna-
ton has thrown 1.-The Organization" as 1t
has been called, out of the city hall. Phil
adelphia has had at least two democratic
mayors two democratic sheriffs, and on
several occasions have it's finances been in
trusted to that party or to independent can
didates elected by reform movements.
But in Philadelphia the same rule prevails
as in other great cities-the machine is per-
manent and popular indignation quickly
subsidies. Reforms are always spasdomic.
and after q few years of exile the same old
gang gradually finds Its way back into the
city hall.
In the meantime it's leaders have been
growing holder and more indifferent to pub
lie opinion, until the corruption and the
graft have become no longer tolerable, and
the taxpayers of the city are now indulging
in their periodical revolution against dis
honesty and misgovernment.
The Pennsylvania Machine.
chine, and his mantle as boss fell upon his
son. James Donald Cameron, who was also
his successor in the United State Senate.
Matthew Stanley Quay brought 1.-THE Or
ganization' to perfection. and, more than
any other man. is responsible for the pres
ent conditions At his death Boise Penrose.
United States senator, was recognized as
leader Of the republican machine; and while
he is man of considerable ability and pO-
litical skill, he falls far short of the quail
ties that made his predecessor eminent as
a party boss. Penrose is not capable OF
filling Quays place. That is conceded by
hsi most loyal supporters; and the future
of the republican party in Pennsylvania
will be in doubt until some stronger man
comes forward to assume command.
The city of Philadelphia has had its own
political individuality and it's own political
boss, who co-operated with the state boss
and usually submitted to his authority. At
times however, there have been differences
between the state and the municipal ma
chimes which have resulted in open quarrelS.
Sometimes the state boss has attempted to
dictate to the local boss. and there has been
q mutiny, but usually the city and state Or
ganizations have worked in harmony, and
the state boss has enjoyed q large revenue
from the Philadelphia city treasury.
David III. Lane, a man of winning per-
Sonal qualities was the designer and builder
of the city machi,ra. and controlled it until
Senator Quay retired him in favor of David
...artin. The latter is also an attractive
personality. He is stanch and true to his
friends; he never violates promise; he al
ways gives the boys chance" and us
good to his folks" These qualities are re-
and Martin was always popular with the
rank and file. He is also gifted with great
Sdgacity and is a keen, accurate analyst
of human nature.
Durham Supplants Martin.
Senator Quay and David Martin fell out
some years ago because the former wanted
Boies Penrose now United States senator)
to be mayor of Philadelphia. Penrose was
his most confidential lieutenant in the leg
islature and had managed things there to
suit him. Quay wanted more power in
Philadelphia. Martin had resisted. Hence
the senator decided to put in the mayor s
Office man he could trust and depend
upon. Martin opposed the plan. He de-
feated Penrose in the convention, and nomi-
mated Charles Warwick, who elected.
Quay never forgaye him, and even went
so far as to exhibit his luminosity on the
floor of the United States Senate. where,
in q prepared speech. he attacked Martin
personally in most vicious manner and
described him as "a man with a dollar
mark on his brow"
Martin retained authority as boss of the
Philadelphia organization as long as War
wick was mayor but when the latter went
out of office, in 1892 he was compelled to
retire from the leadership and Quay des-
gnated Israel w. Durham TO succeed him.
Durham has been ve-y successful district
leader. Beginning a brick maker, he had
risen rapidly in influence and Importance
until he was admitted to membership in
the notorious hog combine" as it was
Familiarity called, being a syndicate of local
republican leaders who distributed the
offices and the spells.
Quay had kept eye on Durham for
several years and had made him state in
surance commissioner, with salary OF
$4,000 a year and headquarters at Harris
burg which he seldom visited; and by the
grace of Quay, Durham has been aAl-power-
full in Philadelphia for the past six years.
Nobody in '.the organization has success
fully resisted or disputed This authority,
and he has shown an audacity and indif-
ference to public opinion beyond all preyi-
Gus experience. He has not attempted to
conceal his contempt for criticism; he has
smiled at newspaper attacks, and has been
more bold and far-reaching in his corrup-
| ton than any man who has ever attained
prominence in Philadelphia before. He has
had an Office on the eleventh floor of the
Betz building. across the street from the
city hall, from which he issued his COM
mands. and although he seldom entered the
1atte' hniding. be was practically dictator