davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30

week is out. Chief of Police Lynch
was also there, with full cargo of
smiles saved from the recent political
shipwreck. Here and there, in fash
ionable evidence that Salt Lake is
dressy town, were expansive shirt
fronts rejecting the glory of Troy
laundry creations. But masculinity,
logged to the uttermost of toggery.
was dressily insignificant in compare
son to the frippery triumps of the Ia
dies.
AS If in breezy contrast to the
weather, or in studied defiance to it,
the fair sex went to a delightful ex-
IRENE of fluffy finery and lightsome
adornment.
Indeed the costume ensemble in
clined more to the lingering warmth
of an October evening than a chilly,
December night.
Up in the gallery--the big, spacious
balcony-there were few patent leath-
er shoes and fewer kid gloves, but the
stamping Of feet and clapping of hands
would have quickly put those fash
ionable, gim-cracks out of commission.
Not that applause was confined to the
up-stair portion of the house. In the
parquet there were frequent frenzied
demonstration-white gloves beaten
to powder balls and the sleeves OF
Tuxedo coats dangerously threatened.
And this brings us to the program
of which, however l must say little,
unless | say much in saying it was
good. Outside of one stunt, which
Jared the nerves of classic vaudeville,
the stage offering was an edition de
luxe affair of really good things. Nellie
Florede, winsome vaudeville star,
greatly pleased with her songs and
manner. Lewis McCord and company,
however, in a rehearsal sketch, The
Night Before" grated too much on the
backbone of boredom. If it had been
given the night before, instead OF
when it was, the new cushions on the
chairs would have been softer. The
selections of grand opera by the LIE
Brun opera trio, Notwithstanding the
late arrival of the principals from
belated train, was so vocally charming,
that, with even a few frosty notes,
classical appears were kept apprecia-
lively warm. An athletic exhibition,
by the three Jacksons, was applausive-
ly received. But the very top-liners
on the program are those poetic dan.
GERS, the Hengler sisters-not, how
ever, just from New York, but from
California where they have shaken the
orange blossoms of approval from the
Orpheum trees of San Francisco and
Los Angeles. Everybody admired the
orchestra-save few faux pas it was
superb. AS soon as Prof. Weihe gets
his men whipped into shape, there will
be no better Orpheum orchestra else
where in America. The musicianly
snap and fire which the orchestra put
into STARS and Stripes Forever" made |
our ears warm enough to defy Jack
Frost when we came out.
HARRY LIE GRANDE.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
The MarriaqeabIe Age.

Women have been steadily growing
younger. The elderly woman has al.
most entirely ceased to exist. If we
are all going to live to be hundred or
more, fifty or sixty will presently be
regarded as the manageable age for
maidens-World.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Benefited.

do you enjoy a hollday?"
mo" answered the candid person,
"but ! derive benefit from one After
playing baseball or riding in crowded
cars for six or eight hours ordinary
work seems much pleasanter."
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Byron MilIiken's School Grafton.

1t is told of Byron Milliken (brother
Of the late Seth ID that when a boy
in Camden, he began school Grafton
thus: "To quote the immortal words
of Daniel Webster, 4 amt dead yit.'"
Boston Herald.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
London's Water Supply.

The average daily supply of water
to London is 21S.593, 900 gallons, which
is supplied to 995,S9O houses occu.
pied by 6,592,S01 peoo'e. making the
average amount per head 1871 gallons.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Requisites for Success.

Courage, perseverance, patience,
are the great fortune finders said
Emerson. "If man has these quail
ties, he will find himself too literally
endowed to be overlooked by her."
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
characteristics of Nations.

The French have been said to sing,
the English to hurrah, the Spaniards
to lament, the Germans to howl, the
Italians to invent capriciously and in
daring leaps.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Britain's Oldest Postoffice.

The oldest postoffice in Great Brit
ain is to be seen in the little Cheshire
village of Motham. The building dates
back to the sixteenth century, and
has the figures 1894 over the doorway.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Where "Penny" Came From.

Penny is a corruptio' of pun for
pound weight for one thousand; used
in combination with respect to nails,
as 10-penny nails, nails of which 1000
weigh 10 pounds.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Had the Desired Effect.

Try to look little pleasanter "
said the photographer to Mr.. Tvte.
Phist Remember, am making
these pictures at half my usual rates
There, that will do nicely"
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Yarn First Spun in Worsted

Worsted was first spun at Worsted
In Norfolk, England, in the year 134O
stockings made of this material were
at first worn only by the common
people.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Good Use for Churches.

Col. Fox, inspector of physical
training in the English elementary
schools, says that churches, instead
of lying idle during the week. should
be used as gymnasiums.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Peculiar Coinage of ELI.

In Fiji the coinage consists chiefly
of whales teeth, those of greater
value being dyed red. The natives ex-
change twenty white teeth for one
red one, as we change copper for
silver.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Try Shepard Co. on collections
Bats Close School.

Thousands of bats took possession
OF schoolhouse in Nedding, Cal. and
the school had to be closed till the
intruders could be ousted by means
of burning sulphur, etc.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Australian immigration Rule.

Any person who fails to write at
dictation a short passage =. 1 Euro.
pean language is liable prohib.
tied from landing in AustIai.d.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30

an ideal one, certainly striking and
picturesque characterization.
Effie Ellsler, the original Hazel
Kirke, is the coming attraction at the
Salt Lake theater late in January in
the play which she made famous years
ago. Miss Ellsler was unanimously
popular in this drama long ago, and
ner revival of the play should be high
y interesting to those who follow emo
tional acting with peculiar interest.
At the Orpheum next week Lennox
and company present the only vaude-
vile sketch George AIDE has written,
entitled, ION His Uppers." Herbert's
performing dogs, the Esmeralda Sis
tiers and Four Flower girls; Murray
Hill, black face monologist; Spencer,
the comedian and Scheck brothers,
athletic entertiners, complete the bill.
The lid is off at the Orpheum-the
house is wide open. If the man who
causes two blades of grass to grow
where but one grew before is a bene-
factor, what of them who build anoth-
err theatre where there were already
several? Do they not add to the
gaiety of cities-should not their
brows be gaily decked with laurel?
Should not ticket buyers greet them
with loud acclaim, with the merry well
come and the gladstone shout? Yea,
verify, my gentle friends, even so and
more. With thoughts akin to this, a
goodly portion of Salt Lake went over
% the Orpheum, Christmas night. and
joined in the managerial ceremonies at
the new house.
The opening was suspicious. You
felt the warmth of the welcome a half
block away-as far away as you could
read the glowing letters of the mean
descent sight, "Orpheum." The en-
trance from State street is through
long, wide hallway la Brand Opera
House, New York.
Its entire length, on the opening day,
was strewn with palms and potted
plants which carried the warm illusion
of spring into the very teeth of a cold,
biting day Scattered along the cell
ing of this imposing entrance, are
groups of electric lights shining
opa1escent globes, like the alabaster
lamps of which Claude Melnotte
dreamed. Situated Immediately with
in the outer doors is the ticket office
a startling innovation, uniquely beau
tiful. Inside this glass aquarium sat
Wesley Wilson, the treasurer, looking
ON Christmas night-like a gold fish
swimming in a sea of money. And as
Wesley sat there he had to keep his
fins busy or he would have been
drowned, for sure. The way the
crowds came, the way the money
poured and the way the glass box filled
with the gingling tide, showed that the
Orpheum, after many vexatous delays,
had come into its vaudeville own.
While the auditorium of the theatre
was, and still is, incomplete, we saw
enough to convince ourselves that the
decorative scheme will make every
concession to elaborate decoration
without violating the positive chorus
of simplicity. Indeed there seems to
be studied suggestiveness that be-
hind it all-the hangings, the curtains
and the upholstery-every opportun-
ity has been made to allure the eye
and charm the senses without vulgar
display. There is no riotious color |
but cheerful and effective |
tints are seen everywhere. The first |
night audience was representative of |
local Swelldom and Officialdom.
MaVOr Morris was there with tho |
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30

mas larger circulation than any two
weeklies in Utah.
OFFICE, 241 South West Temple. Both
Phones 1888.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30
Am USEMENTS s OK -

make his rendition of Ben Hur," If not
an ideal one, certainly striking and
picturesque characterization.
Truth. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1901-1908, 1905-12-30

Brtain's odestP osofce
The Oldest postofhce in Great Brit
ain is to be seen in the the little Cheshire
back to the sixteenth century, and
doorway.
wo,,a The s. MsF sssD sssd Age growing
most entirely ceased to exist. If
more fifty or sixty WHIP presently be
manageable
vn. s ts"sen' , wstss rr Supply y; .
o Iondon S gallons which
S supplied ss5,ssO Fouses occu. 49,
by peou'e. making the 81
average gallons
eenefte
R no. you answered. sR9s the no eandid person.
but derive one After
playing qu baseball as orr or riding h in crowded
work much pleasanter."
Byron Nailikens School Grafton.
It is told of Byron Millken Cbrother
If the late Seth L. that when boy
sus ,a ITO quote the immortal l1n o,1 r;e
Herald.
Peculiar Coinage of FIJI.
In Fiji the coinage consists chiefly
If whales teeth those of greater
change twenty teeth for one
ed one as we change
ilver
Penny is a of for
weight thousand used
n combination with nails
nails, nails of which 1000
Weigh 10 pounds
Requisites
Courage
ire the fortune finders"
Emerson "I
les he will find himself
endowed to be overlooked
for
Col. Fox,
raining
chools, .
lying idle
g gymnasiums
Characteristics
to
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23
GIVEN UP TO DIE,
But Our Great Cod Liver OIL Prep
aration. .vinol, Cured Her
Of Consumption.

Mrr.J. G. Brown Of Andenon, Inds
writes: "Our daughter Mary was on
the verge OF the grave with eonsump-
tion. Oar family physician had given
her up-said she could not possibly re-
cover. She WAS 50 weak she could take
only half teaspoonf1l Of nourishment
at a time. We read 81 advertisement
Of Vinol, and decided to Try it Sc last
resort. She has now taken eight bot
ties, and her health has been restored
in marvellous manner, and she u
as well as ever she was. Words are
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23

inadequate TO express our gratitude to
you and your valuable remedy. aud we
hope that other dear ones may besayed
as ours was"
The reason that Vinol accomplishes
such wonderful results in throat, bron-
chisl and lang troubles Is because it
contains in a concentrated form all the
vital principles Of cod liver oil, but
without drop Of oil to nauseate and
upset the stomach aud retard its
medicinal value; the weakest stom-
aeh can retain IL and II Is delicious to
the taste.
Vinol is the most valuable prepara-
ton Of cod liver oil ever discovered,
and we ask every person IN Gainesville
who has a bad cold, hacking cough,
throat or bronchial troubles TO try Vi
mol on our guarantee to return your
money II you are not satisfied with the
results. W. NJ. Johnson, druggist.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23
When You Have a Cold.

The first action when you have 3 cold
should be 70 relieve the lungs. This is
best accomplished by the free use Of
Chamberlsiu's Cough Remedy. This
Remedy liquefies the tough mucous
and causes iis expulsion from the air
cells Of the lungs, produces free ex-
pectoration and opens the seoretIons.
A complete cure soon follows. This
remedy will cure a severe cold in less
time than any other treatment, and it
leaves the system IN natural and
healthy condition lt cOuuterncts any
tendency toward pneumonia, For sale
by all druggists.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23
Itch Ringworm

z. r. LucaF. Wingo, Ky writes,
April s6th, lgp "For 10 70 u years
I had been afflicted with malady
known as the itch Tho i,ching was
most unbearable. bad tried for
years To nnd relief having tried en-
rcmedies I coald hear o. besides a
pumbcr of doctors ] wish "a state
tba. one single RpnNeationoi Rallardis
Snow Iiniment cured me permanently
Since then L have used she luimeut
GA two septrttc occasions Tor fing-
worm aud /, cured completely 25c,
On, and 81 bottle sold by W. 81.
johnson.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23
EIoeta - Enormeua -.

swamsboro. Gas Feh. 22.-The most
disastrous foods this section has seen
in years are 10 fuIl sway here now, All
streams are fuller than they have been
for years. and trade is seriously hand.
icapped. Every bridge on the Ohoo-
pee river In Emanuel and Tattnan
counties IS gone, Il Is safe 10 say
that the damage IN these two couu-
ties alone Is 100000. Az this writ
ing the rain Is milling 10 torrents, with
no sign 90 abating.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23
FloEan HlannL. Hlna.r 1900.

New York feh - Frozen hy.
drauis So lnleriered With E,e work OF
The hremen today when a aro started
IN a bic factory boldlng 10 Creen.
wich street. taat whit az nrt seemed
rather an lns.gnlhcau, blaze called tor
four alarms and resulted m a loss 81
fuly 100000 The fire was On ne
factory of PbAlip Hsno s Co. manu-.
facturors of manifold books. carbon
papers and autograph machines
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23
n -. ! 80 h d. pag

Take Laxative Bromo Quloine Tab
lets A'l drecgists refund che m0ncy
10 C isls 20 egse, 3 W Grove's sig.
natnro isNn each box 25,
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23
Chamberlaln's Stomach and Liver Tab.
let's. Unoqualled for Con-
Situation.

Mr. A. r, Kane, prominent drug
gisi Of Baxter Springs, Kansas, says,
"Chsmberlain's stomach aud Liver
Tablets are, IN my Judgment, che most
superior preparation % anything in use
today FOR constipation. rhey are sure
10 action and with no tendency to nau.
seato or grlpo For sale by an Drug
gisss.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23

iss. This il one OF the greatest treats
OF the program.
Sunday March i2.-2,sO p. m, Yes
per service 100 p. M, Sermon.
Monday, March 1872 100 p. N Lee
ture-fecital, Readings From Some
Southern Authors" Rev Geo. +. Far
rar; $500 p M. to be announced, ar
engagements pending.
Tuesday, March l4.--2 $50 p. m,
Wireless Telegraphy" and "Radium, +"
illustrated by the finest apparatus ear
ried be any lecturer, accompanied by
maltitudea OF marvellous experiments,
Prof. w. b Patty, Chicago, m; 500
.. m. Lecture Liquid Air" one OF
the greatest discoveries OF modern
times The most expensive lecture
knswn to TIE platform. Startling and
beautiful IN the extreme Prof. w b.
Patty, Chicago
number Of other good things pend
lug. 10 be added later
This "a one Of the greatest programs
ever given In the South.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1905-02-23
WEDNESDAY SESSION
OF CIRCUIT COURT
Three Civil Cases Disposed Of, and
Defendants Arraigned.
aaANO JURY MAOE REpoHr

Four No-Bals and Five True Bills We're
Returned-JurY Working Rapidly.
Four Defendants in Criminal Cases
Arraigned, Two Pleading Guilty.
Wednesdays session Of the circuit
court convened at 0 o'clock, His Honor
Judge Wills presiding.
Shortly after the conyening Of the
court the grand jury came into open
court and reported four no-bills and
five true-bills, as follows;
Sam Sheppard, assault with intent
to murder Joe Hunt, breaking aud
entering with intent to commit a fell
ony; Chas. Walker, breaking and en-
tering with intent to commit q felony /;
Oscar Hopkins, murder; Gus Mashby,
murder
The docket was taken up, and the
following civil cases were disposed Of f;
Tatum Bank Of Savannah, Ga, VS..
r. j. Yearly, doing business as the su-
wannee River Lumber Company, as
sumpslt. Judgment for plaintiff ia
the sum OF 1920
Coyington Company vs.. J L. Ches-
ser. assumpsit. Judgment for the
plaintiff in the sum OF S234,84.
stringIellow Bros. 90. vs.. j. H..
Vaughn. defendant, +. Marcioni, own
err. claim bond ia assumpsit. Verdict
for plaintiff against claimant in the
sum Of 500
r. L. Boulware vs.. j. A. Maultsby,
action on the case. Jury empanelled
and part OF testimony submitted, when
court adjourned until Thursday morn
ing.
During the day the following de-
PENDANTS were srraigned
Sam Sheppard charged with assault
with intent TO murder; plea Of not
guilty
Joe Hunt, charged with breaking
aud entering, etc. plea OF guilty, was
sentenced by the court to five years in
State prison
Chas. Walker, charged with break
ing and entering plea OF not guilty.
VIII Smith, charged with breaking
and entering plea Of guilty, sentenced
by the court 10 three years in Ssate
prison.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1905-08-31
THE PRESIDENT TO
BOTTOM OF SEA


OYSTER BAY, L. President
Roosevelt made a descent IN Long
Island sound on board the submarine
torpedo boat Plungor. He IA aboard
the vessel about three hours, At one
time the little boat was submerged
for fifty minutes and In that time was
put through all OF the submarine feats
Of which It Is capable. The President
expressed his delight at the novel ex-
%perience and said that be was i'm
mensely impressed with the boat and
the manner In wIich Il was handled.
AS soon as the President had de-
seconded into the boat, the manholes
were closed. No maneuvers were at
tempted until the vessel was well be
yond the entrance 70 the bay. A stiff
northeast breeze. which had been
blowing since the night before kicked
up a heavy sea IN the sound but the
Plunger behaved beautifully. The
water where the trial took place is
about forty feet deep, The beat was
put through many maneuvers under
the surface for about -lree hours, az.
ter which returned TO It's mooring near
the ]. West Roosevelt pier without
an untoward incident.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1905-08-31
FEVER
NEwMooE oF cAMPAloN AGAINST
NEW ORLEANS MOSQUITOES.
TRY THE Use Of SALI
Tho Cutters Flushed With = "a Per
Cent Solution Of salt Water TO
XIII the Larvae.

NEW oRLEANS-The daily record
Tor Saturday shows no material
change In the fever situation aside
from the slow Improvement The cam.
.palgn against the mosquitoes has been
conducted from every possible direc-
ton. The latest Is the sailing of all
the cutters on streets. Five
hundred tons 81 salt have been put
In the cutters this week. The Idea
Is to make a solution OF % per cent,
which has proved 20 be ample 20 de-
stroy all the mosquito larvae.
Except In 1853, September has been
the month yielding the largest num-
Der Of fatalities in v~isltations of yell
low fever. The federal authorities are
therefore taking steps to maintain
their present control Of the situation
September frequently brings increased
precipitation, causing stagnant pools
OF water, the overflow OF cisterns, and
destruction Of the effects OF oiling.
All the schools were 10 have been
opened September %, but IL is an
nounced that the date will be extend
ed to October 2. The total number
Of cases up to Saturday night is
1,712; total deaths 242.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1905-08-31
SAYS RUSSIA
is LOSING GROUND

PARASITIC semi official Temps
has a notable leader today respecting
the growing French sentiment that
Russia is losing ground by Ms delay
in accepting the peace terms, even
though they are hard. The paper
says: after the constant reverses
suffered by the Russian arms in the
Far East, Russia will do well Il 1t sue
ceeds in preserving the integrity Of its
territory and escaping with the mere
payment OF an indemnity. which is
not a mortal wound. Resisting the
efforts of President Roosevelt and put
ting off the conclusion OF a peace al
ready ripe amounts to a refusal to
look the facts in the face. II reverts
to the fatal Russian system OF 'nitche-
vo.' which. neither in diplomacy or
warfare, conduees to Russians vel
fare"
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1905-08-31
JAP YELLOW FEARS
THE CHINESE YELLOW

PORTSMOUTH, ~ H-"There Is
no country in the world which Japan
fears as much as China"
This Is a statement made by a Jap
newspaper man-Editor Kalu
Nakamura OF the New York japanese
American Commercial Weekly. Mr..
Nakamura continued: Japan could
easily take for herself any Chinese
territory that she might desire. but Il
IS her policy TO as FAR as possible to
let China alone.
There Is grave danger that China
will learn modern warfare. The safe.
~ Of the world demands that she be
kept In ignorance as long as possible.
Once imhued with the fighting spirit
OF Japan. which Is not Impossible
for Cinnamon are not cowards-and
instructed In the latter Jag methods
OF making war, the very existence Of
China would constitute a real menace.
japan aud China have nothing In
common. Il rs true that In this war
Japan has been fighting for China
as well as for herself. but after peace
has been concluded the interests OF
Japan and China viii again clash.
China has already learned too much.
She will learn no more n Japan can
prevent IT,
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1905-08-31
IS KILLED IN
COLORADO STORM

TRINIDAD. CoL-According to in.
formation received from Hastings be,
tween twenty-five and ~thirty-five per
sons are believed to have drowned in
the flood at Tahasco. sixteen miles
north of Trinidad Thursday. Seven
houses occupied by Austrian and Ital.
ian laborers and their families were
swept away. Tabasco and Berwin are
coal mining camps. with about 2,000
population together. They are in
Rhode canyon. Rescue parties from
Trinidad were unable 20 go through on
account Of washouts.
The Colorado 4 Southern branch
line to Berwin was washed away, Tho
traffic upon the Colorado q Southern
aud the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe
and the Denver & Rio Grande rail.
roads is interrupted owing to the
washouts in this vicinity. Coroner
Espy later received a message from
Hastings stating that five bodies had
been washed down stream out OF the
canyon. The coroner left immediate.
ly on horseback for the Gene.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1905-08-31
AlRSHIP FOR USE
IN WAR NOW

NEW YORK; Roy K~nahensehue,
the Toledo aeronaut. who thrilled New
York twice by sailing his remarkable
airship oyer the city. Is anxious TO
demonstrate 70 the Navy department
that his alrship can be put to practical
use in warfare. The young inventor
suggests that II the Navy department
has the hulk OF an old vessel hat II
desires 20 destroy and viii anchor IL IN
the bay he will 90 up in his airship
and drop a dynamite bomb into the
boat as an experiment.
Knabenschue believes this ran be
lone from an ltitude Of 1900 feet
He has experimental along these lines
with stones and has found that from
that altitude he can strike within sh!s
~ or forty feet OF a given point below.
Mr. K~nabenschue Is about 10 ehal-
lenge Santos Dumont to a friendly coa.
test either here or In Paris. He be-
lievcs that his alrship has more speed
than any that Dumont has yet con
structed.