davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
ORIGIN OF NAVAL TITLES.
Borrowed Military Terms From the
Arabic and the Spanish.

Borrowed Military Terms From the
Arabic and the Spanish.
In the early days the rank of admiral
was unknown. The chief officer of d
squadron was called constable or jus
tice. The term admiral as now used
Is derived from the Arabic "amir," or
"emir," a commander Gas in "amir-al-
bahr," commander of the sea). The
early English form was "amIral" and
is still preserved as such by the
French. The Spanish and Portuguese
terms are "almirante," the italian
"ammlraglio." The title captain Is not
a naval but military one. Under the
older organization the real captain of
a ship was master, but a military Of
ficer was placed on board, though he
knew nothing about nautical affairs.
AS the captain became bigger and big
ger the master became smaller and
smaller until at the present day he
fills a subordinate position, which is
gradually becoming obsolete, being re-
placed by an officer under the title of
a navigating lieutenant.
Commodore comes from the Spanish
commentator" The title lieutenant,
borrowed directly from the French, is
more modern and is meant as a place
holder or one who took the place of
the captain when absent. Sublieuten-
ant is still more modern and at the
same time a misnomer, as he never
was a sublieutenant but merely a
mate, or one who assisted. In former
days we had no cadets, but volun-
teers. However, with the gradual ad-
vance of polltness, the more seemly
term of cadets was borrowed from the
French and adopted as the title of the
young gentlemen in our navy.
In place Of paymasters the ships Of
old had pursers, who looked after the
provisions. The naval purser did more.
He had charge Of the stores of the
ship and the money chest. Surgeons
and surgeons mates fulfilled the duties
Of the doctors. Chaplains are Of mod
ern Introduction. Naval instructors
and schoolmasters ruled in their stead.
The term mate was rather a universal
one and applied to all branches.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
CATCHING SOFT CLANS.
An Interesting Occupation ON the
shore mt Low Tide.

An Interesting Occupation ON the
Shore at Low Tide.
As we walk along the shore at low
tide, on the lookout for seaweeds or In
teresting animals, little jets Of sea
water will be seen squirting up from
holes in the sand. Let us dig rapidly
down under one Of these tiny openings
and we will catch the spurter, the COM
mon soft clam, but II we are not quick
enough he will burrow so rapidly as to
disappear entirely and only send last
spout of water into our faces, as IL in
defiance. Place the shell In glass Of
sea water and when the clam gains
confidence he will extend from his shell
the long tubelike slphon, and the two
openings in the end of IT, with their
frlnged borders, will be seen.
Now take a compound microscope or
magnifying glass and watch the
water above the slphon. You will see
that it is moving. With the minute
life forms It contains the water sweeps
in swirling currents toward one oriflce
Of the tube and plunges suddenly down
it, Then, after passing over the gills
and body of the clam and giving out
nourishment, the water is expelled
through the other tube, and we see 1t
rising slowly from the opening. If,
however, the clam takes fancy to
contract his shell and so hasten this
motion we will see a little fountain
shoot up and sprinkle the surroundings
just as they were observed to do on the
shore.-St. Nicholas.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
THE EYE IN READING.

How Its Jumps Along the Printed
Line Are Measured.
We know that an eye at ordinary
reading distance takes in about one
inch Of q line at time and that in
reading a line of an ordinary book the
eye makes five or six distinct jumps.
But as the movements are so very
minute and rapid how have they been
studied?
A beam of light is thrown upon the
cornea Of the eye, and this beam is re-
flected by the cornea on photograph
ic plate. AS the eye moves In reading
the reflected beam also moves, and up
on developing the plate, which Is also
- H0i,U-IIIVVlIIgS~ "a nIszuB nne IS round.
A study of such Photographic tracings
shows that the eyes in turning back to
pick up the next line have some diff
Guilty in so doing The longer the line
Of print the greater the effort, and for
this reason we may conclude that
narrow line is better for an eye than
long one, and If the line be much wider
than the ordinary newspaper column
there is greater effort involved.-Jew-
elers' Weekly.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
DRESSING BY LAW.
Price and style Of Clothing Once Pre-
seribod by Statute.

nGENUso W SAaNeNNs
Between the fourteenth and eight
zenith centuries all kinds of sumptu.
airy laws prevailed in Europe. In
France a royal ordinance of 1894
prescribed that no common citizen
might wear fur, precious stones or
gold. A nobleman who had 81 200
year might have four robes a year
and no more. Ladies of that rank
might have one gown year. If
any one gave a dinner there must
be only two courses besides the soup.
Common citizens who possessed
$500 a year might use cloth which
cost 1912 cents a yard, and their
wives might spend 16 cents a yard.
Persons whose income was less than
$500 a year must wear cheaper cloth.
In Italy severe ordinances were
passed in the early part of the four
teenth century against excessive
dress by women. They were forbid
den to wear any sort of headdress,
even of painted paper. Gowns of
woven figures might be worn, but
not embroidered. All stripes and
bias patteSns were condemned, ex-
cept simple ones of not more than
two colors. Not more than two fin
ger rings were to be worn at once.
Switzerland had a law that no
wedding party should have more
than twenty guests-ten men friends
of the bridegroom and ten women
friends of the bride. No wedding
procession was permitted to have
more than two singers, two fiddlers
and two trumpeters. Married wo-
men were forbidden to wear silk OF
decorated hoods, though maidens
might. No woman, whether married
or unmarried, was allowed to wea1
any dress in which the opening fol
the neck was so large that it did moi
lie at least two inches wide upon the
shoulders, and the gown must not bC
buttoned or laced up in front or al
the side.
To restrain the fashion of the
long pointed shoes it was enacted
that no person of either sex SHOULD
wear a shoe with a point extending
beyond the foot enough to allow
anything to be inserted in it, mol
was any woman or girl permitted tt
wear laced shoes. No man or boy
should wear a coat that did no
reach to the knee.
Garments were forbidden to b.
slashed so as to show different color
or kinds of material, and trouser
were required to be made withou
stripes and both legs of the SAM
color. In 1470 one Swiss canton il
council assembled enacted tina
thereafter no one shall make point
on shoes or boots longer than on,
joint of the finger, and if any shoe
maker shall make them longer h
shall be fined S., as also the person
wearing them" indianapolis News
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
BRIGGS.

Samuel Lacoe and Pearl Bia-
throw have traded farms. Mr.. La
coe goes to little Sherburne and Bia-
throw comes here.
Mrs. Frank Clark of Chicago,
who has been stopping with friends
here for several weeks, returns to
her home Oct. 6.
Mrs. Lyman Rice of Massachu-
sets is on visit to old friends
here.
L. D. Spaulding is visiting in
Tunbridge.
About Sixty OF the friends and
relatives of L. H. Spaulding gave
him a surprise at the home Of his
brother, L. D. Spaulding, on the
evening of Sept. %, it being his
59th birthday. The evening was
spent in vocal and instrumental
music, and cake and coffee was
served. Mr.. Spaulding was pre-.
sented with fine gold watch and a
large parlor lamp, the gift of friends,
of which he has host in this sec
ton. At a late hour the guests de-
parted wishing Mr.. Spaulding many
returns of this company in future
wears,
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
SCALP TORN OFF
Woman Terribly Hurt al ProoiOrs-
Vile.

BY allowing her scalp to be torn
off in loom at the wooden mill of
II. T. Murdoch & Co., in Proctors-
vile Wednesday afternoon. Mrs.
Abbie M. Fullam, an employe, es-
capped immediate death, but may
not recover from her terrible in
jury.
Mrs. Fullam had just mended
some broken threads and looked
through the machine to see if the
warp was all right, and her hair,
worn in a pompadour style, caught
on screw near the head of the
loom. The screaming woman
struggled to free herself, but founC
this impossible and was rapidly be
ing drawn into the machinery. She
then braced herself with her hands
and body against the loom, and th'
entire scalp was pulled from he
head.
Mrs. Fulam's cries by this time
had attracted other employees, whC
ran to her assistance. She was takel
to a hospital in Burlington in a crit
cal condition.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
BANK HOLIDAYS.
The Reason They Are Thus Designated
- In ENGLAND.


The Reason They Are Thus Designated
In England.
The bank holidays created by the
act of 1871 were the first ever in
stituted by any legislature for the
purposes of rest'and enjoyment. All
previous holidays were really holy
days-that is to say, purely ecclcsi-
astical institutions-either religious
fasts or festivals.
Before the act passed a holiday
could only be proclaimed as fast
or day of national humiliation.
There was no power to proclaim
holiday for thanksgiving, rejoich =.
or even for any public function. This
can now be done under the act and
has proved a great convenience.
1t is very general but quite
mistaken idea that bank holidays
were originally intended for bank
clerks only.
The act expressly provides that
"no person shall be compellable to
do any act on a bank holiday which
he would not be compellabIe to do
on Christmas day or Good Friday"
1t may be asked, then, why did
we call these days bank holidays?
The reason is rather technical.
According to immemorial custom,
the prayer of bill in England has
three days grace, so that an accept
ance which comes due nominally on
the first of the month is not really
payable till the fourth.
If, however, the third day of grace
should fall upon Christmas day,
Good Friday or Sunday then it is
not thought fair the prayer should
have fourth days grace, and such
bills are due the day before-that is
to say, they are due on the Saturday
or the day before Good Friday or
Christmas day.
Now, in considering the bank hol-
idays it was thought that it might
aCt ullJ uoIly IL pSIeou were Culleu
upon to provide for his acceptances
the day before they would otherwise
have fallen due, and after some CON
sideration therefore we suggested
that bills falling due upon these
days should be payable, not the day
before the last day of grace, but on
the day after, so that bill falling
due on a bank holiday becomes really
payable a day later than would be
the case if it were due on a Sunday,
Good Friday or Christmas day.
Under these circumstances it was
necessary to use some special name
for the new holidays in our bill If
we had called them national holidays
or general holidays this would not
have distinguished them from the
old holidays. They were therefore
called "bank holidays" and this is
the real origin Of a word which has
now become SO familiar. But it
was never intended that these holi-
days should be applicable exclusive
ly to banks.-London Mail.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
chanulnu Eyos.

Among the extraordinary changes
by which during growth the form
or position of important organs is
affected one of the most curious oc-
ours in fiat fish-halibut, turbot,
plaice, soles and all fish which swim
on the side. When Matched and for
some time afterward these fish swim
in the normal way and have the eyes
in the usual places, one on each side,
But as they grow and live on the
bottom of the water they swim in
the horizontal position which they
assume during rest, and the eye on
the lower side gradually moves
around to the side turned to the
light.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
FREE TO FARMERS

In Bulletin No. 1I6 recently is
sued by the Vermont Agriculture
Experiment Station, Formula No. I
commends the following ingredients
for fall seeding, without manure
The amounts named are for one
acre.
Raw Ground Bone 300 to 400 lbs,
Acid Phosphate 100 to $50 /"
Wood Ashes 800 to 400 {"
Muriate of Potash so to 70 "
To any Farmer writing to &. S.
Page, Hyde Park, VT, saying that
he saw this notice in the Spirit of
the Age, Mr.. Page will send free
sample of the above ingredients, ex-
cepting the ashes, and give the cost
thereof laid down at the Farmers
nearest station.
The Experiment Station Bulletin
we'll :-"On every account,
financial, educational, agricultural,
it is better to buy the crude stock
and home mix, if one uses ton or
more"
Any farmer who will send Mr..
Page $3.25 will receive, freights
prepaid, sample 200 pound barrel
Of his Ground Bone. 1t is guaran-
teed to be an absolutely pure, nat
ural Bone Meal. No valuable in
gradients have been taken therefrom
as is the case with much of the Bone
Meal now being offered to the pub
lie.
Nearly all the large fertilizer man.
ufacturers make bone glue by boil
ing their bones and extracting the
gluten therefrom. Mr.. Pages Bone
Meal is by product from the man.
ufacture of Pages Perfected Poultry
Food, and is the bone flour sifted
out from the granulated bone which
forms one OF the principal ingredi-
ents of this Poultry Food. 1t is this
fact that enables Mr.. Page to fur
nish a pure Bone Meal at so low
price. Save your ashes and mix
with this Bone Meal and you will
find it worth double the cost.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
CHURCH SERVICES.

Christian--Rev. G. A. MacDaniel
pastor. Morning service at 1890,
with sermon. Sunday school at I z
O'Clock. Junior Z. E. at S o'clock,
and Y. P S, c. E. at 7 o'clock.
Mid-week service Tuesday evening,
7.3o. Welco M to all.
Universalist-Kev. II. L. Garfield.
pastor. Morning service at 1890
Sunday School at 1850. Y. P. C.
U. Tuesday evening at 7.3o o'clock.
Congregational-Rev. F. Z. Put
nam, pastor. Morning service at
1890, Sunday school at 1850, ves-
per service at s. Tuesday evening,
prayer meeting at 7.3o.
Methodist Episcopal-Rev. Joseph
Hamilton, pastor. Morning SER
vice at 1890; I1.45 o'clock, Sunday
school 6.3op. M, Epworth League;
evening service, 7 p. M. Tuesday,
mid-week service 100 p. m.
Catholic-Rev. E. c. Drouhin,
pastor. Mass at II a M. evening
service at 7.3o.
Services will be held the fourth
Sunday of each month at Village
hall, Quechee, at 9 o'clock, and at
Barnard, at the town hall, on the
second Sunday of each month at 9
o'clock
st. James-First Sunday OF each
month Holy Communion and SER
mon at 1890. Evening Prayer and
address at 500. All other Sundays.
Holy communion at 7,3o a. M, morn
ing Prayer, Litany and sermon at
10 80, Evening Prayer and address
at {. c. H. Wells, rector.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
PETITION FOR DIVORCE
William Batchelder,
Atty. for Petitioner

STATE OF VERMONT whereas
WINDSOR COUNTY, IS. Law nj a M.
| Crane of Sharon VT, has duly fled her
petition to the County Court, setting forth
her legal marriage to William B. +. Crane
then of Exeter in the State of New Hamp-
shire; that she hath resided for four years
in the State of Vermont and in Windsor
| County for more than six months last past:
that she hath kept the marriage covenant,
but that the said William hath violated
the same, for that he hath wilfully desert
ed the petitioner for more than three years
agSt dRhst and for THAT beipg Sf BSs
cruelty and wantonly neglected and refused
10 provide suitable maintenance for the
petitioner; wherefore the petitioner prays
Tor q Dill OF divorce from the said William
b. +. Crane, and that she may have the
care and custody of her minor child.
Ana whereas 1t appears that said William
3. +. Crane is without this State, so that
the summons of said Court may not be
served upon him;
IT IS THEREUPoN ORDERED that the said
William b. +. Crane be notified and re-
CURED to appear in and before said Court
ana make answer. if any he have.
said Court in the premises, at the
term thereof next to be held at
woodstock in and for the County of Wind
Sor in the State of Vermont, on the first
tuesday of December, A. D., 1905, upon the
s MS day OF said term, by publishing the
substance of said petition, together with this
99[aer, for three successive weeks, in the
93Plrit OF the Age. newspaper published at
Woodstock, in said County, the last publ
s SS!i ITO to be at least six weeks prior to
ssS%lu term or Court, which shall be deemed
sufficient notice to said William b. F.
Crane.
Given under my hand, at Woodstock, in
the County of Windsor, this 9th day of
September, A. D., 1905.
JAY READ PEMBER, Clerk.
James q. Harvey.
Atty. for Petitioner.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
Young Morrill, Admits Theft.

Raleigh D. Morrill,, Technology
student, was arrested Saturday at the
South station in Boston on the
charge of stealing a trunk and bag
from the New York, New Haven
and Hartford railroad, the stolen
goods being valued at $2o2. He
admitted the theft, after arrest, but
would not implicate others.
Morrill,, who is tall young fell
low, and who wore a Tech 'o7 cap
when brought to police headquar-
tiers, is a nephew of the late United
States Senator Justin D. Morrill,,
whose home is at Stratford, was en-
ployed as baggagemaster on the
Plymouth division OF the New Haven
road, and worked as an extra man.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
VIRTUES OF HONEY.

They Were Known Even Before the
Koran Mentioned Them.
"There proceedeth from the bellies of
bees a liquor of various color wherein
is a medicine for men," says the
Koran. But the virtues of honey were
known before the Koran said any
thing about it and by countless peo-
pies besides the desert folk of Arabia.
Not only has it long been used as food
and medicine, but many drinks of diff
fering potencies and favors have been
made from it. In England favorite
drink of the old time was mead, which
was made by the fermentation Of the
liquor obtained by boiling in water
combs from which the honey had been
drained. In the preparation Of sack
mead an ounce of hops is added to
each gallon of the liquor and after the
fermentation a small quantity Of
brandy. Metheglln or hydromel is
manufactured by fermenting with
yeast a solution Of honey favored with
boiled hops A kind of mead is much
used in Abyssinia, where it is carried
on journeys in long horns. In Russia
a drink called "lipetz" is made from
the delicious honey Of the linden. The
"mulsum" Of the ancient Romans con-
sisted of honey, wine and water boiled
together. 1.-THE "clarre" or "piment"
Of Chaucer's time was wine mixed
with honey and spices and strained
clear.-Chicago News.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
Dartmouth's Opening.

The most enthusiastic "Dart.
mouth night" ever held was observed
in College hall at Hanover, Friday,
Sept. 20. The glee club, under the
leadership Of Paul Felt, 1906,
opened the meeting, after which
President Tucker, acting as chair
man, delivered short address on
the history and meaning of Dart
mouth night. Many prominent
alumni and men of influence were
present, among those to speak being
Prof. Charles A. Young, SO, presi-
dent of the alumni association, Mr..
Mathe wson, 80, DR.. Asakawa,
Frederick A. Rowland of Montpel-
Ter, VT, DIR. Felix Adler of Column
bia university, and Samuel L. Pow
ers, ~, Of Boston. The gathering
broke up with the singing of the
Dartmouth song.
Registration to Friday at Dart
mouth shows approximately 100
more men than last year, or about
QSo.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
Randolph Churches May Unite,

The Joint committee of the Con-
gregational and Christian churches,
Randolph, elected last spring and
whose duties were to do all in their
power to bring about union OF the
two churches, held meeting re-
Gently at which the reports of all
the subcommittee were submitted
and adopted unanimously. The
committee now provides for the for
nation of a new church to be known
as the Bethany church and to be
affiliated with the Congregational
conference of Vermont. The man
ual and bylaws of the new church
are to be those formulated by the
last national Congregational conven-
ton Tor the guidance of new
churches. The two churches are
to convey to the new church all
their real estate, properties, and in
comes. These provisions will be re-
ferred to the members OF each church
at meetings to be held for that Pur-
pose on the same evening about
three weeks hence. Each society
will vote separately and two-thirds
vote of the members present and vot-
ing will be accepted as final. In
case of union the new church will
be formed Jan. I, 1906, and it will
consist of all the members OF the
two churches unless they withdraw
before Ian. 1. The services OF the
new church will be conducted alter
nstely in the two churches until
two-thirds of the members of the
new church vote to make a change.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
DIZZINESS AND weak
NERVES Cured.
Nothing Helped Until the Wonderful New
Medicine, Cal-cura Solvent, Was Taken.
Or. David Kennedy's Latest Medicine.

''I very much WISH" writes Loretta j.
Vail, of Hopewell Junction, N. Y, that I
might be able in few lines, without put
ting myself forward, to let the people I'M
derstand how valuable Cal-cura Solvent,
the ne0 medicine discovered by DIR. David
Kennedy, is in cases of indigestion and the
like ailments, which are so common among
US. Suffered from severe variety of liver
complaint, with dizziaess, numbness, and
an exceedingly weak and excitable state of
the nerves. / employed the best treatment
within my reach, yet nothing really helped
until began to use Cal-cura Solvent, and
that did,"
Remember, Odl-curG SoIoent cures 9SeS
Of all cases Of Kidney, Bladder and Lioer
disorders. You may have free sample
bottle of this wonderful medicine. and de-
scriptive booklet, by simply sending your
name and address to The Cal-cuna Com
pany, Kennedy Row, Rondout, NY. Large
bottles $1.0O Comfy one sis6) all druggists,
or if they do not have it, send to the above
proprietors.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
Base for Mormon Monument.

The large base for the Mormon
monument was shipped to South
Royalton recently, where it will rest
upon a concrete foundation that
would support the state house. This
foundation rests upon ledge and is
"a feet square and seven feet high.
Its construction included IS barrels
Of Portland cement, Is cubic yards
of sand, 20 cubic yards of boulders,
IS cubic yards of broken stone and
eight cubic yards of gravel. Prof.
c. e. Brill OF Norwich university
superintendent the construction of
the concrete and the finding and get
ting of the basic materials was
tedious task.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
Australian Nicknnmen.

The Australian papers protest that
the term "Cornstalks" is not proper as
nickname for the inhabitants Of the
big isle Of the south seas. English pa
pers have been in the habit of calling
the Australian cricket team its Corn
stalks" OF the Australian states New
South Wales alone confers the title
"Cornstalk" upon her sons. A Queens.
lander is "Bananalander," a Vic
torian a SCUM Sucker" South Aus
tralian a "Crow Eater" a West AUS
tralian "Sand Groper."
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1905-10-07
BIRTHS.

In Bridgewater, Sept. 80, daughter to
Mr.. and Mrs. John II. White.
IJotSv.
and Mrs. Albert Churchill.
In Woodstock, Sept. 30, daughter to
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry b. Williams.
In Bridgewater. Oct. 8, a son to Mr.. and
Mrs. Edward Jarvis.
In Pomfret, Oct. 2, dau ghter to Mr..
and Mrs. Edwin j. Wood.
In Los Angeles CAL, Sept. 30, a son,
Wilbur Frank, to Mr.. and Mrs. L. Milton
Washburn.