davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
Emerson on the Sea.

On the seashore the play of the At
lantic with the coast! What wealth Is
here! Every wave is fortune. One
thinks Of Etzlers and great projectors
who will yet turn all this waste
strength to account. What strength
and fecundity, from the sea monsters
hugest Of animals. to the primary
forms of which 1t is the immense era
die. and the phosphorescent infusories:
1t is one vast rolling bed of life, and
every sparkle is a fish. What freedom
and grace with all this might! The
seeing SO excellent spectacle is a GER
tif1cate to the mind that all imaginable
good shall yet be realized The sea is
the chemist that dissolves the noun.
tain and the rock, pulverizes old con
tinents and builds new, forever redis.
tributing the solid matter of the globe,
and performs an analogous office in
perpetual new transplanting of the
races of men over the surface, the ex.
odus of nations. We may we'll yield
us for time to its lessons. But the
nomad instinct. as said. persists to
drive us to fresh fields and pastures
new. Indeed the variety of our moods
has an answering variety in the force
of the world, and the sea drives us
back to the hills.-Ralph Waldo En-.
erson, in Atlantic.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

ingly increased. To quote: THE prod
uct In the American fisheries now APP
proximates 10000 pounds each year,
worth 100000 and about $4,000
worth Is obtained in all other parts
Of the world" The total value of
whalebone secured in the United
States fisheries since 1850 is estimated
at about $2OO,OOOOOO.
Again there is tortoise shell, of which
we produce annually about $4,000
WORTH as compared to the South Amer
lean, West and East Indian and Pa
cific Island products valued at about
$5OOOO0 year. Elsewhere the profits
we derive from our aquatic animals
are to be noted in a sentence or two:
The annual yield in ivory, in the form
of walrus tusks, sperm-whale teeth,
etc, amounts to about $25,OOO: the
sponge output of Florida approximate
100000 yearly, about tenth of the
worlds product; commercial albumen
Is made from the eggs Of cod and
other species; the uses of seaweeds
are numerous. not only for fertilizers
and chemicals, but for food; isinglass
made from the sounds" or swimming
bladders of sturgeon or hake, is now
probably used for clarifying ferment-
ed liquors, and glue manufacture pro-
vides an outlet for the economical use
OF much waste In dressing Goldfish.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
Winning An Opponent.

In the campaign of 1900 Senator Cul.
Ion was called OH to face large audi
ence in his home city of Springfield.
He saw in the audience fellow
townsman who had formerly been an
influential Republican, but who had
Joined the opposing party ana display
ed dangerous activity in its support.
This man arose from his seat and ap-
parently was ready to begin series of
catch questions" Before this inten-
ton could be put into execution Sen
ator Cullom paused in his speech and
in conversational tone called out:
John Simpson. you're too old man
to stand up in any audience that 1
talk to. Just come right up here and
hold down this chair next to mine"
The Invitation was accepted and at
the close of me mass meeting the man
announced that he was black in the
fold" and had come to stay"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
WHAT the SEA YIELDS.
Annual Value of the Aquatic Fur
Trade.

Annual Value of the Aquatic Fur
Trade.
The total value Of the annual prod
uct of such things as furs and leath-
ers, bones and worries, glue and sea-
weeds, roughly approximates through
out the world $45OOO,OOO, to which
sum the United States contributes
Sill 100000. So Charles II. Stevenson
writes in two monographs published
by the fish commission.
1t is known that some twenty kinds
of products issue from crude petro-
leum. running all the way down from
benzine to chewing gum. But 1t may
be surprise to learn that in refining
sperm oil, the spermaceti which is OBJ
tanned is used in candle making, as an
ointment for medicinal purposes, as a
polish on linen In laundering and for
lubricating cartridges.
Take ambergris, a valuable sub
stance, found at rare intervals but
sometimes in large quantities. in the
intestines of the whale or afioat or
cast upon the shore. A single whale
has yielded $4,000 worth OF amber
girls, which is used us an incense, in
cookery, as medicine and as a per-
fume. The aquatic fertilizers pro-
duced in the United States approx
mate at present 100000 tons and are
worth about $2,21O,OOO.
Writing in general way, Mr.. Ste
venson says that 80 per cent of the
worlds stock of furs is obtained from
aquatic animals He says this per-
centage was formerly greater, but it
has been reduced by the decrease In
the product of beaver, fur seal, otter
and the large increase in quantity of
certain land fur bearers Yet rs per
cent of all the furs produced in the
United States comes from aquatic ami
mails and the value of the annual out
put is close upon $2,5OO,OOO in the raw
or undressed state.
There is the leather, aside from the
fur, and 1t is made from the skins of
nearly all the aquatic mammals and
of many of the species of fish. Then
there are the hard substances existing
In the form of shells. bones and scales.
Almost 100000 tons are yearly Sc
cured in the United States. the supply
consisting of the shells of oysters.
clans and mussels. A fair valuation
of these. with the pearls found, is
placed at about $2,OOO,OOO. The yield
of whalebone in our fisheries is less
by 3 per cent than it was half CEN
fury ago. but the value has correspond
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
HOUSEWIVES WORK TOO HARD.
Writer Think. American Women Ar,
Impelled by Ambition to Oyervork.

Writer Thinks American Women Ars
Impelied by Ambition to Overwork.
hold that that class of women in
America (the Woodworking house,
wives is not only hard-worked, but
Is far too much over-worked. The
number of house servants in the Unit
ed States is not half so large as that
in little England. This entails an enor-
nous amount of household work to be
done by untold thousands Of American
housewives. l know it; have seen it
for years. In factories, in public IL
braries, in postotfices. and other State
offices, in private offices, and in the in
finite number of schools. American
women are working very hard, fire.
quently to the detriment of their con-
situations. But herein is found the
great difficulty in summing up correct
ly the state of women in given coun-
try. The hard-worked, the over-work-
ell women are of the same type and
class all the world over. They do not
constitute the distinctive type of wom-
anhood of country. We must estimate
them, not by what they are actually
doing, but by what they are aiming at.
The very American housewife whose
husband has heretofore been unable to
give her sufficient help" will, as soon
as her husband is financially success
full, turn out type totally different
from what she has been. 1t is this
ever-present tendency toward the dis.
tinctive American woman-type, even
in the lowliest of American house
wives, that constitutes the essential
feature in American womanhood. As
in England there is 10 bourgeoisie pro-
per, not because there are no middle
class families, of which, indeed, there
is no lack, but because in every Eng.
fish middle-class family there are an
ever-present desire and restless am.
bition to get socially out of that mid
die class; even so there is in America
no real bourgeoisie woman, owing to
the unmistakable, ineradicable tenden-
cy in every American woman to reach
the type of that American woman
whom my critics think they can re-
strict to limited number with worldly
inclinations.-Success Magazine.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
~N>N~~N~oU>N~~~

which is shown here. 1t consists OF a
fire chamber with detachable cylin-
drical hood or cover, this hood being
made of sheet metal and perforated,
allowing the air to enter and create
sufficient draft to keep up good fire.
The hood is divided into detachable
sections with suitable fastenings to
hold the sections together and also to
connect them to the base of the fire
chamber. A draft pipe extends above
an opening in the cover, hook being
attached to the latter. so that the whole
apparatus can be lowered into an open
ing partly eXcavated. 1t will be seen
that all the parts are so constituted
and proportioned that the draft pipe,
cover and hood can be arranged upon
the fire chamber to form compact
package for transportation.
Charles w. Joynt of Seattle, WASH,
is the patentee.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
queer,y Procured Evidence.

Many years ago a ship was chased
at sea on the suspicion that she was
SLAYER. During the pursuit her cap
tain dropped something overheard.
When overhauled the old tub was tax
en- to Port Royal for trial. There was
nothing on board to sustain the charge
of slave dealing, and there seemed ey-
cry likelihood of Its owner recovering
damages for illegal seizure and deten-
ton. But another ship had passed in
the night in the wake of the others.
She had witnessed the chase and
flight, but had stopped to catch a
shark by the way. In the stomach of
the shark the sailors found tin box.
In the box We're the papers of the
fugitive vessel. These proved her to
be SLAYER of the most unequivocal
character. and upon their evidence sh,
was condemned and confscated.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
Conan Doyle as a Detective.


A friend of Sir Conan Doyle once
asked the great author of so many de-
tective stories why he did not estab-
lish detective agency and employ
Sherlock Holmes methods in solving
his clients mysteries and conducting
his business.
WELL" said Sir Conan. 81 have
very good reason. You see that all the
knots of the Sherlock Holmes type
were Of my own tying. and, naturally,
for me to unite them was simple. If
undertook to unravel the entangle-
ments of other people l believe l
should fail. On one occasion, how
ever, solved what might have been
puzzle to some. was in a tailor's
shop while n rather unattractive man
was selecting pair of trousers. He
fatty objected to striped material, and
| got the idea that he was an ex-con-
Wet To satisfy myself l visited
number of prisons, and sure enough,
found that mans picture In the
rogues gallery. Doubtless he had had
enough of striped wearing apparel"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

Through the lower story of the his
1743, are the entrances 10 the Devon
shire street station Of the newly open
ed East Boston tunnel. The royal gov
ernors under the first three Georges
occupied these quarters when Massa-
chusetts had colonial government.
Here John Hancock was inaugurated
first governor of the commonwealth in
1Is0, and the States general court sat
in this building until 179S The city
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
A FAMOUS MUSICIAN.

Theodore Thomas. Who Died Recently
in Chicago.
The death in Chicago of Theodore
Thomas removed one of the foremost
musicians of the world. For fourteen
years he had been at the head of the
Chicago Orchestra, and had recently
erected an orchestra hall costing near
ly $1,OO0,OO0. He was son of Ger
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

er's daughter you're worth two of
me-
Every well, then; I'll remain Enda
Murphy"
Until you become Mrs. Spencer"
Then he went to send the doctor
home.--Indianapolis Sun.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

FIGHT HISTORIC
When future historian
many Will be the graphic thrilling
depict
ojkehan where struggled
rifles bullets
Illustrated London News from which
lure stoed position
only by standing with their backs
their heads The finding
sheltered
ants AS cover and
disposed of by
broke both legs The hurting
in the struggle. " f
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
Her Resemblance to Mother

Ethel-Papa, my teacher says Tin
getting more like mamma every day.
Papa-Well, you mustn't talk SO
much in school, dear.-Yonkcrs States
man.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

is to place the lemon in position in the
squeezcr and by manipulating the han
die the lemon Is cut in half. the juice
extracted and separated from the
seeds, and when the squeezer is opened
the seeds and skin are elected and the
juice Of the lemon also dumped into
glass or cup placed In the bottom of
the squeezer. The handle portion is
separated from the lower portion and
operates on hinges, so that, after plac-
Ing the lemon in position and drawing
the handle forward. the knife cuts the
lemon in half, while the pressure
squeezes the juice out of the lemon.
The seeds drop down into trays. one
on each side of the knife, these trays
being actuated by springs, so that
when the sQueezer is opened the seeds
and skin are elected from the squeezer.
A strainer is suspended under the
trays, the juice passing through the
strainer and into cup placed below.
The novelty and advantage of this con
trivance will be apparent to everybody.
The patentee is Alexander McLaren,
Of Fort Worth, Texas,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

oiiiS w iSle IdtSe YUAN
titles of a certain arti-
Gle are produced at n
minimum of cost. 1t
looks as If some Of
these principles were
being inculcated by in
ventors into the smaller
every day appliances,
as for instance the lem
on squeezer shown in
the illustration. This
lemon squeezer per-
forms every operation
necessary to obtain the
juice from the lemon.
All tbo pcar hoe ~ do
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

the ground is n very crude and at the
same time slow method. while blast
ing also has its disadvantages. A Sc
attic, WASH, man has patented de-
vice especially for the purpose of thaw-
ing frozen ground. an Illustration of
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
THE POET 70 DIVES.


You dine in state. from silver plate
Your wines are rich and red;
I, In garrett, fight with fate
And MUNICH crust of bread!
Bright chandeliers
Above you CLEAN;
dwell in darkness,
With dream!
Slaves at your bidding come and go
Your Maynard will they wait;
could not cringe and grovel so,
And hence, starve in state!
Starve for dream
That ever flies,
Yet dies it not
Though the dreamer dies!
let, for that dream. still wearing now
The livery of slave,
Full oft the unlau head would bow
The Lazarus crumb to crave!
To you-earth's gold,
OF dying gleam;
God gives to me
An immortal dream!
ATLANTA Constitution.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
Portable Apparatus for Thawing Frog

oftentimes during the cold winter
months it is necessary to suspend
operations entirely, especially
operations. on account Of
the frozen. ground. Contractors and
builders find this an obstacle very
hard to overcome and one which en-
tails extra expense and labor. Build
ing wood fire and gradually thawing
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
Shelf for Books,

Shelf for Books.
The high standard of educational
methods in colleges and universities in
the United States has put Il premium
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

Every time woman moves into a
new house she utters silent prayer
that No. 2 will never have chance to
live in it.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

government had possession from 1890
to 1889. In recent years the upper
part of the building has been given to
the collection Of the Boston Historical
Snniaty
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

The United States Supreme Court
has supported the ruling of the rev.
enue department in regard to the use
Of palm oil as colorlng matter for
oleo and thus this imitation las &c
ceived its solar plexus blow. Oleo
will have to trot in a class by itself.
Certainly no one will desire to pre-
vent any person eating cleo If he
wishes, but the butter makers do OBJ
ject when 1t is sold as butter.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

Never tell man that his boy looks
like his mother If he owes you money.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

Il genius and egotism always went
tigether there would be lot more
genius.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

Useful Lemon squeezer.
Machines are built nowadays which
dispense entirely with hand labor, but,
of course, such machines are useful
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
Strong Love

Fatience-How do you know her
love for him was strong?
Patrice-Because 1t broke him.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

How the world runs OFT and leaves
man who does not care for Christ.
mas!
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

In answer to question from n
reader as to which is the best all
around breed of chickens for laying
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

man violinist, born at Essen, Ger
many, in 1885. He came to this coun-
try when 10 years old. AS youth he
created sensation as violinist and
played for Jenny Lind and other stars.
He gave concerts in New York, finally
went west and since 1891 had made
his home permanently in Chicago.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

Every year we have men who try to
farm more land than they can attend
to. Every year We hear them say they
will never do 1t again and yet they
keep at 1t. The man who lays out
more work than he can perform is a
"crawfish." for he is going backward
and will finally come out whence he
started. The man who is succeeding
is the man who has his work under his
control, no matter what the season.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

A fruit grower who believes in thin
ming fruit, and practices what he be-
'lieves, removed one-half Of the crop
of an extremely heavy setting of
Keifer pears and allowed it to go to
waste on the ground. The portion that
matured was fine and sold at high
prices. In the growers opinion the
yield was larger than if all fruit had
remained on the tree.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01
HIS MoNOMANIA.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

When an Eastern writer wishes to
confuse people about yield of corn he
mentions the measurement in so many
bushels Of ears which signifies nothing
In the way of measurement: In the
South 1t is 'bar'l's" of corn. In the
corn belt whenever a man speaks of
bushels of corn he means one bushel
of shelled corn.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

An Oklahoma farmer reports that he
has been able to rid his place of the
boil weevil by growing one crop of COW
peas. This weeyil will not eat the
COW peas. and have all starved while
one crop was being raised. If this
practice could be made general 1t
might be solution OF this vexed prob
lem.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-02-01

The use of dwarf peas and beans
as cultivated crop in orchards and
then turning under the vines after
picking the pods is recommended. The
orchard has the benefit of continuous
cultivation at the proper season; the
plants when plowed under enrich the
soil and the picked product pays the
bills.
St. Paul tidende. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1902-1928, 1905-10-13
D0dehQ,
"a Grippe foraulebigebe &iertes
fD8bom.
Nern5titet % oaarlis 1orbStelfe.
Weine 0euner beb. at $eart Cure.
re1be0e mia.

gsrs. 6. .. curb, 11s q. 8. ct. Msuseattne. Soma,
e-zet pelfienbt; Deablem al m. 6. ,airfen / ben 9el al
6tateu. pun flyer: .Ia Grippe gap mig ct alpprlt9t
zilfalbe at serpsftet os baarlis Jnrbsu lfe, bSilfsf
burtist ubpitlebe fig i'll 5ierhfpsbom. Sea lebsd
Ssp,lssbeb, 9ooebpine os arampe / gtufflerue. aen
~inbfe Bepase1fe t~remta1bte aanbensb. Jslelfe al
2ambeb os branbenbe @merteanfalb. Seq pil Fge
bnab ies iebfe bar fast mine Wenner = at Dr gfles
9eart Sure bia1p mig, faa aGe bisfe ubebaselies @pmp.
toner ~forfpanbt. Mtob fterte Guaeyter Dor ieg oIbrta
funbet noset Zig ST.. Riles' anti.4oin g,as. % jog
trDr. at gserpe aub 2iper pins er en- ~ubuaerttt Mape<
nnebiein.s
Dor @sn bIeo rant al 5ierefpsbom I 1T eobe aar
5 to Maaueber fit ban netten niger @>pn. ba .bt *.
s.nbte at siue bau1 ST. Miles' 9ea:t CURE u1eb saerps
aab 2iper gias. us M er ban funb os fritz. @on ba,
enbos beftaaet en- 2eseunberfsselfe og e. meb Prrru
paa 9bilipainerue. Seq bill ttlfsie. at 9r. HueS
anti'paiu 4inS utpiplfom bar nor.t ct @pbe for mig
Seq bar bppptse aafalb at nernsA 5ouebpixe og boz
albris brugt noset, Der faa burtis bialp os san mig
e;nbr,n9." Rrs. Slice Noab, 9ufalo, Mo..
ane apotbetere fslser us srrauterer ben forth
vllaite af ST.. Wtiles' 2a9emibler. @frio efhr f4
Bog pm strpsFtet os 5ierteipsbomue. abests
81. Miles' w!eebiea1 Co.. Glfbart SSnb.
St. Paul tidende. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1902-1928, 1905-10-13
ptteostpoenoe aapitel.
Sen panpittiges snubeo.

Ge enionme Gage par ganlfe plt gaaeOc lanJ=
lo1nt, n1eu ireoelig for 9ocbel. Sum upo 9sut.,re11s
Stjpnbe0, Sc ~prGgtige aultanieltope, be pppi9e Gnge,
bpor &rof1s og slr1emoner blo1nitreoe1 og Sen ir;ifc
Suit, Ser lpntes at l0eanoe 6reo og 9ptfe. Habel
bar l9rlig rrootagelig for &aturitignbeo, og lfigl1t
bun %uopbprlig maatte tente paa Marp Sel6ps grl1=
fuloe 500, tunoe bum bog life ln0e bore meo at fple
Ben fuloe 9tp0elle ueo 9ipet en- Seroe11, Ser bar laa
rig pea r%o111ar1ttlt 5fje1beo. Set gjenoprettebe in-
0erlige Jorbol0 mellem ben0e og Mroen bapbe fplot
Ge1oes SjGl mes %uen0elig 6reo. 9u por Ser otter
3eltagelle % Iortroligbeo mellem Dem JONI UNDER oe=
res 9@gteifobs fprlte lpfialige Sib. Sun tanfte meo
Sen opbeite En1beo paa bam og Dans liRleltge 2toel-
Ter. Sum lGngtes efter bans Stlbagefo1mlt, me11 gun
bapoe life p9ret betpn1ret UNDER oeres M0ifillelie, tbi
oe bapbe ltaaet regelmpsiig &oit- 90 Eelegraffor=
bin0elie meo %binan6cn, % MI Nftene1s SOB f1n0e
bun enoeliy pente barn tilbage.
Sun baphe illttet Genifab mc6 Ggt1eus 9ern %
sornle Sooner og fslte Jig nGite1 l;ge lau bjer1tne Der
ion1 2onoons peltlige Gel. Sum iao iammen meo
fine nDe 8en1er oeres imaa Soccer % lptte0 til oft,
bpoo oe@ %fortalte ON oeres baaroe 2ip, ON Sc sap1,
Be n1aatte paalpgge Jig, og ON oeres forlfiellige @lp-
Der og Sorger. Nien bun. bapoe bog iantioig 0cn Sd
lelle, at De fattige Der life bab6e BET nRr Iaa lemt
Joni oeres 2i0elIesfGller / StorIta6en, at De bnp6e
fprre &an1pe, ferre Snpn % rui116re ltpisbeb at bore.
8grre1e beu11ore0e nRite1 l1oe1 nnotaaelle ben f%111ffe
fremn1e6e Game, Ser talte Oct %italienife Sproa meo
en- iaa eie1oonmelig 8eto,1i1g %. gioroe Zig iaa6an
en- l1nage for at fortua Set &auOerpGlifs Sc i%elp.talte.
Ge fulgte benoe Mfltano paa be1oes Spaiereture %
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1905-12-20
Excursion Rates for the HOLIDAYS.

Via the North Western Line. Excursion
tickets will be sold at reduced rates
December %, %, "a, 25, 80, 81, 1905, and
January 1, 1906, good returning until
and including January 4, 1906, to points
ON the North-W Western Line. including
G. st. P. M. & O. R'y, to points on the
Union Pacific R. k. east of and including
Cheyenne and Denver, points on A. M. &
S. F. R. r., Denver & Rio Grante R. R.
and Colorado Southern, Denver to
Trinidad, inclusive, and Colorado and
Southern points, Grin Jet. to CHEYENNE.
inclusive, also to points on D. S. S, & A.
Ry. and Mineral Range R. R. Apply to
agents Chicago & North Western R'y.