davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
A~Iertness of Wild TURKEYS.

George Enty, in Turkeys and How
TO Raise Them" says: Wild turkeys
IN their native haunts are remarkably
alert, cautious and apparently pos.
sessed OF a large share of reasoning
power. 1t is something wonderful the
manner in which they elude the old.
est and most experienced hunters. INV
grandfather said that the whole corn
tryslde OF gunners were out on the
watch for a renowned albino gobbIe,
nat ranged the hills along the ALE
gheny river. in his young days; and
although the spotless white bird was
frequently seen, on a bright morning
or evening, flying from one hilltop t.
another, yet it was two or three year.
before ne at last fell before the un
errlng aim of one of my granduncles
AND 1t was a source Of much chagri1
to my youngest brother, then a lad
not to be able to locate M%innehaha',
nest the first season we had her. Sh,
was a full wild hen, n year old, OBJ
famed from the mountains in centra
pennsylvania, and was the beginnins
or our efforts t. cross wild and Bronze
turkeys. to improve the plumage ant
hardness of the latter. But watct
and trail her as he might, and will
all the casual assistance a half doze1
brothers and sisters could give him
our turkey hunting expert could no,
find the wild hens nest until after thu
poults were Matched and away. Thi.
too in a place where the woods were
in small and isolated tracts.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
WASHING Udders.

Milk as ordinarily produced gets
the greatest amount of contamination
during milking from udders not wash.
ed. To determine the amount of filth
that gets into milk in this way, seven.
ty-fve trials were made at different
seasons of the year with three classes
OF udders, those apparently clean.
those soiled, n those muddy. With
udders that were apparently clean. it
was found that an average of three
and one-half times as much dirt fell
from the unwashed udders as from
the same udders after they were
washed. With soiled udders the aver.
age was eighteen, and with muddy I'D
ders ninety times as much dirt from
the unwashed as from the washed
Prof. W. j. Fraser.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
Regarding Cement plaster.

J. C. wa bachelor has a shack.
12x16 feet, one-ply boards, with stud
ding two feet apart. Would you ad'
wise lathing and plastering on the
outside with cement plaster? II SO.
should hair be mixed in the mortar
and what should be the proportions Of
sand and Portland cement?
To plaster a house on the outside,
first lath the walls, the same as for
inside plastering. If cement plaster
is used, mix about three parts sand
to one part cement, the quality of the
sand will govern the quantity of ce-
ment to be used, as it has to be made
rich enough to allow it to be applied
without crumbling. A common way to
plaster the outside of a house is to use
lime instead of cement, making a NOR.
tar the same as for inside work, and
throwing gravel into the plastered
wall while it is soft-that is before it
has set; this work is called rough
casting, and is much cheaper than
cement plastering and is quite dur
able when properly done. When the
wall has hardened a whitewash can be
applied to make it a pure white color
if desired.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
The Farm and Poultry Food.

HS dTIU anu fOuitTy TOO0s
On a farm the size of ours-160
acres-the production of poultry food
Is no problem. Having but 200 hens
i do not find it at all difficult to keep
them in food with almost no cost. l
thing it is this factor that keeps down
the cost of producing eggs and other
poultry products and thus makes it diff
ncuit for a man to go into the poultry
business and make money out of it,
FROM early spring to late fall l find poul.
try 1000 being produced abundantly on
my farm, and when the ground is
frozen and the field plants dormant, ]
nave In my cellar enough green food
Tor n winter and in my bins enough
0 0 OF a grain nature. This latter
is made up largely of screenings that
accumulate when the wheat is
threshed. Screenings do not sell for
much but they are valuable on the
farm for poultry. The poultryman
making a business Of poultry raising
mas to pay a high price for the screen.
lngs, for he has to pay the cost OF
handling them and two or three profits.
n farmer has the screenings be.
fore they have been handled and be.
fore they have had profits put on them
to increase the price.
Then in the fall l save for the poul
Try all the small heads of cabbage
mat are understandable, and there
are many such. Some of them are OF
loose texture, but they are suitable fol
the poultry to pick at. 1 also sow some
carrot seed, which gives me a good
crop OF carrots, which are enjoyed by
the fowls during the winter.-Sylva
u Banks. Champaign Co., ILL.,, in
Farmers Review.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31

The kind of fruit to grow depend,
on whether it is to go onto the gen.
eral market or is to be sold to private
buyers. For the general market, me.
dunn quality fruits with good color
and long keeping qualities are needed,
while for the private market. quality
counts more than anything else.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31

A-Horse stable 10 #. wide and 8 It.
long. B-Single horse stalls 5 tt. wide
and 8 IT. long. Cow stalls 3H #.
wide and 5k It. long. D-Box stall 13x
"A It. E-Harness and store room 13x14
1T. Feed alleys 6 it wide. G-Gutter
IA in. wide. 8 in. deep. H-Passage 9 1T.
wide behind horses. Managers. L.
Doors 8 it. wide. M-Windows. N-Pas-
sage 4 fit. wide from front of house to
passage in center.
1t will be noticed that the alley-ways
are quite convenient. The passage for
the manure is wide and admirably sit
uated.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
An Iron SERPENT.

Experiments are being made in Ger
many with a railway engine of a new
form and a train encased in steel
plates, SO that it resembles an iron
serpent and attains a speed Of eighty
to ninety miles al hour. The front Of
the engine is pointed.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
- ~~
&%&.
Barn for Grain Farm.

G. W. R.-Please give me a plan OF
a barn suitable for a grain farm on
which are fifteen horses and four
cows. I wish their heads to join the
wall with a feed passage in front. !
also wish a harness room. a box stall.
and two single stalls, the remainder to
be double. -
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
GOOD HORSE STABLE
Structure Roomy and Convenient
Barn for Grain Farm.

S. D. McC.-I have a horse stable
sOx40 feet, with stalls on both sides.
Z wish to change it to one row and
have a feed alley at their heads.
would also like to have a bin for one
ton of bran and II for about five
hundred bushels of oats, and ! q
harness room and one box stall.
would prefer the entrance to be from
the north. 4
The cut answer your questions.
This plan can be reversed if desired
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31

Two nails to the single is enough
for shingles not more than five inches.
wide. These should be driven about
half an inch from the edge. Shingles
over five inches require three nails.
Usually about five pounds Of nails to
one thousand shingles are used.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31

The accompanying cut gives the
plan of a barn such as you ask for.
On the north side there are five double
horse stalls, on the south side two
double stalls, and three single, also
tour COW stalls, with a large box stall
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31

A-stalls S it. wide. Book stall 81
IA #. C-Bin 7x2O TT. for oats. D
Harness room 7xS it. E-Bin Tx14 tt.
by putting box stall in northeast. cor
ner of basement and horse stable IN
southeast.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
SAVING on ice.

Chuch-That's a very expensive trip
Peary is to make to the pole, isn't it?
Gotham-Yes; but just see all the
money he'll save on ice!
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31

For a floor in a horse stable 21x54
feet, it will take of Portland cement
sixteen barrels and gravel fourteen
yards. The floor is put down in two
layers, the first layer. four inches
thick, is composed of eight parts
gravel to n part cement; the top
coat, one. inch thick, is composed Of
fine gravel or coarse sand two parts
to one part of Portland cement.
2. For a wall 81 feet long. 9 feet
high and 8 inches thick it will take
Portland cement, five and one-half bar
rels; gravel, six yards.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
Nailinu SHINGLES.

j. C.-In laying shingles AZ inches
to the weather, how many nails should
be driven in each Single? How many
pounds of nails are required for q
thousand shingles?
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1905-08-31
Flooring a Horse Stable.

J.. F. R.-How much cement and
gravel would be needed to floor a
horse stable, 21x54 feet, and a feed
passage four feet wide running length
wise? 2. How much cement would be
needed to build a wall q feet long, 9
feet high and 8 inches thick? There
will be two windows, each 2 feet 6
inches wide. l have no stones for
oilers.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30
He That Ge To the Poor Lendeh To the Lord But Some Folks
5. n. ROBINSON DEAD.
A Ases sAd highly Respected chh" Of
bssAiasisa.

Samuel Henry lioblnson. 90 aged
ard respected olllssn Of Bsnnlns'
Ton. died al o'clock this morning Al
bis hons on south street after an III
nsss Of several weeks, lie had been
rapidly failing for several days until
tho sbd whsn he passed quietly Into
hls long lasi sleep.
Mr.. Robinson vas born Al bald
Noanlaia Ia tho town Of oreenwlch,
4 ". dec II, iss1, and his boyhood
vas spent on his fathers farm there
After attaining his ma oriiy he learned
ll,s carpsnlsr's trade aud worked 81
that BUSINESS Tor upwards Of halt a
century. hrs In bis homo town. later
lanes York aud other places. hnalis
settling in iiooslek vheV he lived
for - years.
December -, lsis. he married Miss
Adelaide Philiips Of Greenwich, Who
survives him. Their married llie Of
90 years las, Wednesday vas remark
bic 90, oniy for lis length bu, for the
example scs 81 quiet, right living
Three chlldrca ~crc horn IA them bu,
oply ono. Melvin II. Robinson Of this
village, survives
Mf. Robinson vas a libeal tesccnd'
Anl Of William whlpple, one Of the
signcrs ~ the declaration Of inde'
pcndascc. lie moved Ia Bennington
seven years ago and has resided on
South street In his early years he
united ~lih The Bsp,ls, church aud has
been a consistent and faithful member
thereof. lie ~as a quiet, unassumInr,
unprcien,lous man who bad the respcc,
OF all Who knew him. lie was honest,
industrious and frugal.
The funeral will be- held Monday
afternoon nj o'elock.at hls late home.
The funeral will b. private but eli
friends are invited 10 call nj the house
Monday between 10 10 II o'clock 10
yiew the boiy II they desire 10 do 20.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30
FIVE men ARE
FOUND GUILTY
Union Officers and Hired
SIussers Convicted.
A "wRECKlNG CREW"
Conspired 10 Tsrrorize Nonunion
Men and Strike Bresksp-
Car'str,m's Death.

CHICAGO. dee. 3o.-five oficrr~ 81
the Carriage aud Wagon Workers un'
ion AMI Two hlr,>i sluggrr lave been
found guilty here VI conspiracy. and
all u them will 10 scnt 10 the pcni.
lcntlary unless They arc granted n-w
trials The scscrcst punishment was
Indicted against Charles 0ilhoolcy.
LEADER % gang % slugg"rs. lie VA.
.ruirncssi TO the pcnlirniiary and lned
S..eD.
Tho other union men who wer- found
guilty by tho jury are Henry Newman.
financial secretary u the Carriage aud
Wagon Workers union. Charles Casey.
s-cfvtaTy % the union: Edward
shields. rccorllng secretary: Charles
II. Dcutsch. member OF the executive
board. John Holden. member % the
executive board. aud March,. lyoon.y. a
hlrsi sluggcr Frank Noysk. another
member OF the executive board. was
found not guilty.
The specific case In which the men
were tried IL one % many similar eases
that have occurred In Chicago IA the
last few years. While Chris J. Carl.
strom. a nonunion carriage worker.
was returning home from n factory
where n strike was In progress he was
attacked by two men aud severely In.
jured. He died two weeks later Of
pneumonia. contracted. IL IL said. from
exposure while lying on the frozen
ground for several hours after he had
been left unconscious by his assail-
ants.
When the department store team
sters strike was under investigation ~
to plcketing methods George Meiler. q
former president OF the Carriage and
Wagon Workers union. turned states
evidence and told the state attorney Of
the inner workings Of the union OF
which he had nj one time been the lead.
Ing spirit. During the disclosure Mel
Ter declared that the union maintained
what he termed "wreckIng crew"
Mellcr said that his union hired slug
gers 20 intimidate nonunion men who
might desire 10 take the places OF union
strikers. lie then cited the Carlstrom
affair as AN instance Of the work OF
the "wrecking crew"
Indictments were secured against the
officers Of the grIon and the siuggers
and efforts TO secure a Jury were be-
gun. During the eleven weeks that Il
took TO secure a jury 1881 veniremen
were examined. and the total expense
II the case up TO date has been $4,000.
Sentence will be imposed today by
Judge Chetlain, who will determine the
period OF confinement.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30
WATCH NIGHT SERVICES
Three Hour uaion Service 81 tho Asthodist
Church Sunday Night

The Second Congregational. Baptist
and Methodist churches will unite at
the Methodist church In n watch night
service Sunday evening. The services
will begin at O'Clock and continue
I'LL the clock strikes IL.
The meeting will open with q praise
service OF half an hour, after which q
regular church service program will be
carried out with anthems, hymns aud
a sermon by Rev. f. X. Morris. An
address will follow by Rev Geo S
Mills. The last hour, devoted to con
secratiop, will be In charge OF the
pastor, Rev W Rowley.
Inasmuch as the churches are TO
unite 10 the week OF prayer which will
begin one week from Sunday, IL Is
earnestly requested by the pastors that
the churches rally In large numbers at
the special watch night service that IL
may prove a stimulus to Gil Tor the
work to follow. Everybody invited to
come and stay for part or all Of the
services.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30
THE lie GIBSON
GROCERY co
Succeeds To the Business Of
LIE. Gibson.
TWO PARTNERS ADMITTED
Grant [. Harbour and Frank N.
Gallagher Become Members
OF Firm.

Monday morning, January I, no !
y Gibson Grocery Company all sue
coed Hon y ClbsoL In tho business
90 long ADD successfully conducted by
Sir Gibson. The partners In tho ncu
company ate Mr. Gibson. UraaiL flAr.
hour and Frank n Gallagher,
SIR Gibson lrsi cane 70 bennington
10 is6J; be tb~n enlisted 10 tho 4 :
army. served for vpwards ~ tao years
ihcrcln NJ . private and returned 10
bennington In 1896. lie purchased tho
site Of his present store and dwelling
In 1888 aud from that time until this
prescnl moment be has continuously
conducted his husluess Of grocer aud
baker ai bis present location.
Mr. Gibson IL therefore easily the
oldc,imerchaut la bennington Ia years
OF service Ia this community, the late
y y squire and J r Shuriied being
second ~ him 10 this respect, although
they had respectively served this com
munliy for more than q quarter ~ q
century. Thirty years IL long
while to look forward 20 but Nc eibs, n
says Of the years that have passed That
the, have gone quickly aud pleasantly
10 hls business Intercourse with those
needing his services as grocr and
baker.
That Mr. Gibson has been successful
financially In his LIES work was 10 b.
expected from the careful management
OF his affairs. aud the new management
OF The T. Gibson Company should be
equally as successful.
Grant l. Harbour has hosts OF friends
10 Bennington who will wish him an
abundant success In his new venture.
lie has been continuously employed
by Mr. Gibson during the past i Years
and this advancement comes to him as
q we'll deserved recognition OF his 10y
atty, integrity and ability.
Frank n Gallagher while not so well
known 10 the community as Mr. Gibson
and Mr. Harbour, has ye, the ability
and character with which will assured
ly win for him q deserved place among
our business men. Five years ago he
married the daughter OF Mr. Gibson
and has since been continuously em.
ployed In the store.
The new concern Of The + Gibson
Company we'll deserves and no doubt
will be accorded a liberal share OF
patronage by the people of this and
adjoining towns. II succeeds to the
business Row conducted by Irving +
Gibson ON January |, 1906.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30
BENNINGTON BRIEFS
News OF the Town and Village Brie ~
Toidfor BusyResders.

Mrs VIM Blake has been housed
with grip since Christmas.
Miss Catherine Leahy left this morn.
ing for Utica for two weeks visit.
Miss Mary Kelly has accepted a
position in'Amsterdam and has gone
there today.
Harry Nc Keen, J NJ Ayres and w
II LOOMS will spend Sunday in Troy
and Albany.
Miss Minnie Beaura OF Troy will
spend New Years with Mrs c A
Maurer, her sister.
Mrs Tyler, sister OF Mrs Thomas
Harmon has gone TO Brattleboro for q
visit OF two weeks at her former home.
Mrs Alice Harrington charged with
adultery was in the municipal court
this morning and held upderS500 bonds
for her appearance before the grand
jury. She Is in Jail.
A divorce was granted last Wednes.
day to Addie l. Elweil from Herbert n
Elwell and she was given the custody
of the children. Court reached final
adjournment Friday night.
John Toomey has taken the contract
to remove the Wardell house at Be =
nington Center to the west OF the resi-
dence OF Philip Jennings on land bough,
by Mr. Jennings of Geo Robinson. He
will begin the job Monday.
| At the Baptist church Sunday morn
ing the PASTORS topic Is Christ Seek
ing His Owner Sunday school and
young peoples meeting at the usual
hours. There will be no services at
this church at O'Clock but instead
there will be union service at the
Methodist church at 8 p. m. Don'l
miss this last opportunity to attend
devine service In the year 1905.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30
ALL POLAND
SOON TO RISE
Lsaven Of Revolt Spreads
Over Empire.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
Moscow Rebellion Crnshsd.fisht.
Ing and Bloodshsd In Many
Parts Of Country.
TERROR EARNOvGOROD

LONDON. D-r. Dt.-A dispatch froni
~. Petersburg says that ~ zlaionsi,
= town IL aioni 1900 Inhabitants
government az oofa. Ia the Trial noun
tains. niivrr a larsr government arms
facinry ls situated. the Norkmen s~rm
10 h. In complete possession 81 the
town. They have scis~i the works,
holsl-si the rsi naE, have DECLARED a
rpubllc. and al tho authorities have
bo-a made capiivcs aud arr ,hrrairn-i
with instant death II troops are seni 10
Zlalousi.
A. samora. near Mini Novgonsi.
aiso q large manufacturing town of
.shOa workman ros- aud attempted
10 marih GA Mimi Novgorod. bui wrr'
met By iropi,s with artillery aud were
rouisl with the loss u several scorr ~
m-n. Eventually the workmcn were
driven back TO Samora. where They
erected barricadr- which the artillery
have hs--n firing AZ for two days.
The workman USED bombs freely at
samora. which i now separated from
Mint NovRorod. hut n rising IL rx'
p-ct-d ~ III. latter place. which has
about a,0sn inhabitants.
At Piga the proclamation % a gen
crai strike was accompanied 10y an
open effort on the part u the lighting
organization 10 seize the city. Barri.
cades sprang up In all the streets NJ II
by magic. and lighting between the
reyolutionists aud the gcndarmcs.
troops aud police has begun.
40 Tamboff. central Russia. all the
railroads have stopped running. and
Vice Governor Itogianoviich. u IL now
confirmed. has been shot and seriously
wounded.
The revolutionists nre said 20 hare
also completed preparations for n gen
eral strike at slmferopol. south Russia.
and throughout the crimca.
The suppression ~ the insurrection
at Moscow and The certainty that sim.
liar uprislngs elsewhere will w. crush
ci marx the collapse Of the first at.
tempt of the ''rcds" 10 overthrow the
government arms and administers a
defeat from which II Il not believed In
government circles the revolutionnries
can quickly recover.
A dispatch from ~. Petersburg says
that the council OF workmen's dele
gates at krasnJynrsk. Siberia. are
planning to seize the government insti-
tutions. The governor. owing 10 lack
Of troops. Is unable 10 check the revo-
lutionarIes. who are practically mas
tiers OF the situation.
At Grodno large number of mill
tary recruits have mutlnied. II Is pro-
posed TO proclaim Il general armed re-
volt throughout Poland tomorrow.
The prisons az ~. Petersburg are full
Of rebels
Martial law has been proclaimed ut
Berdicheff. southwest Russia.
AT Dvinsk. west Russia. a strike has
been declared, and martial law has
been proclaimed. BY the accidental
explosion Of bomb at meeting of
workmen eight persons We're killed
and twsnty-cight We're wounded.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30
HEROlSM BY A NURSE.
Plupsss Into Icy Water to Save an Insane Per
son From DR. jwnins.

SVU t'OuU w bWhtUy.
Waterbury, Dec 49, An act OF hero
ism took place at the State hospital
for the insane yesterday in which a
nurse risked her life and came near
being drowned in her efforts to save q
patient. Several OF the patients we're
being taken out for walk, when one
OF them suddenly made dash for the
river, intending to commit suicide.
The ,tream was covered with thin
layer OF ice at this point and the water
is seven or eight feet deep.
The patient whose name is with held,
succeeded in breaking through but was
caught before she sank by Miss Lofts,
one OF the nurses, who had pursued
her. Miss Lofts plunged into the
water and held to the patient, sup.
porting herself by her free hand on
the frail ice. Misses Ryan and Davi-
son, Two other nurses, also went to the
rescue and succeeded in keeping the
two above water until further help
came from a man who was passing by
on load of wool. With his assis
lance the patient and Miss Lofts we're
taken from the water and carried to
the asylum. Both suffered severely
from the exposure but will recover.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30
DOCTOR SHOT
FATHER-IN-LAW
DR.. J. ". Simpson, Of New
York. Dentist. Held.
ACCIDENT, SAYSPRBONER
Widow Testified That Accused
Wished the Old Nan Mas
Dead"

NoRTiIPoRT. \. v. D-r. 3o.-Dr
J. W. simpson. the New YORK dentist
with Offices opposite the Waldorf A.
toria. has bcen arrested on the charge
Of numbering his faihrr in,law, Hart
Icy r. iiornsT. lie was taken a. the
prison NJ Rivcrhcad 10 await ~. az
ton Of the grand jury.
a. the Inquest. which was held by
Coroner William II. Gibson. the coro'
ncr said.
There are two bullet holes In the
mans body. They are about slx inches
apart. They could not have b~cn In.
nictcd by the discharge Of two barrel,
simultaneously
According o. the story told by Slinp-
son. he vas la the parlor with bis "a.
thcr.ln,law and was sitting Ia u chair
with the Gun n hls lap. Mr ilorncr
sat opposite reading suddenly the
gun was de b rss-i. the contents sirik.
ing Hornrr Hnd he died IN few
hours.
Mrs. IIo ar. the widow. told the cor.
oner the circumstances leading up 10
the tragedy. She iold her story In n
remarkably calm manner.
"Dr. Simpson" ~. declared. said In
my hearing al the supper table We'd
ncsday evening. the night of the -hoot.
Ing. that he wisl~l the odd man.
meaning my husband. was dead.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1905-12-30

NEW YORK, Dec. 30.-Charles T.
Yerkes, the street railway magnate
died in his apartments at the Waldorf
Astoria here. At the deathbed of Mr.
Yerkes were Mrs. Charles L. Yerkes,
his wife: Charles Edward Yerkes, a
son, and his wife; Mrs. Charles Ronda-
miller, daughter, and DR.. Loomis
Mrs. Yerkes was telephoned to that
her husband was dying, and she re.
Tented and went to the hotel and was
present when he died. They had been
estranged two years. Yerkes built the
London subways and was financier
of note.