Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1905-12-06
Would Materially Increase the
Powers of Interstate Com
MERGE Commission.
LIFE INSURANCE QUESTION
Sees Good and Evil in Labor Unions
ASKS for Immediate Appropri-
atoms for Panama Canal, and
Promises Report of Board of En-
gineers and Recommendations
Later---Cther Matters.

Washington, Dec. a-The annual mes
sage of President Roosevelt was read III
both houses of congress to-day. 1t is doc
ument Of some $4,000 words, and con-
tains recommendations for much important
legislation.
The subject of federal supervision of cor
porations and especially railroad corpora
tions is the first subject treated of by the
president, and to it he gives the greatest
amount Of attention. After speaking of the
genera, prosperity of the country, and the
power of the corporations for good or evil
in connection with the nations prosperity,
he says:
So long as the finances of the nation
are kept upon an honest basis, no other
question Of internal economy with which
the congress has the power to deal begins
TO approach in Importance the matter OF
endeay orng to secure proper industrial
conditions under which the Individuals
and especially the great corporations
doing an interstate business are to act
The makers of our national constitution
provided especially that the regulation
OF Interstate commerce should come with
In the sphere of the general government.
The arguments in favor of their taking
this stand were even then overwhelming.
But they are far stronger to-day, in view
of the enormous development of great
business agencies, usually corporate in
form. Experience has shown conclusive
ly that it is useless to try to get any
adequate regulation and supervision of
these great corporations by state action.
Such regulation and supervision can only
be effectively exercised by sovereign
whose jurisdiction is coextensive with the
field of work of the corporations-that is,
by the national government. l believe
that this regulation and supervision can
be obtained by the enactment of law by
the congress. If this proves impossible.
IL will certainly be necessary ultimately
to confer in fullest form such power upon
the national government by proper
amendment of the constitution. 1t would
obviously be unwise to endeavor to secure
such an amendment until it is certain
that the result cannot be obtained under
the constitution it now is. The laws
OF the congress and of the several states
hitherto. as passed upon by the courts,
nave resulted more often in showing that
the states have no power in the matter
than that the national government has
power; so that there at present exists
q very unfortunate condition of things
under which these great corporations do
Ing an interstate business occupy the DO
sition of subjects without a sovereign,
neither any state government nor the ma
tional government having effective con-
troll over them. Our steady aim should
be by legislation, cautiously and care
severed in, to assert the sovereignty of
the national government by affirmative
action.
Present Laws Inadequate.
1t has been misfortune that the ma
eonal laws on this subject have hitherto
been of a negative or prohibitive rather
than an affirmative kind, and still more
tnat they nave in part sought to prohibit
what could not be effectively prohibited
ana nave in part in their prohibitions
confounded what should be allowed and
what should not be allowed 1t Is gen
orally useless to try to prohibit ALI re.
straint on competition, whether this re-
stralnt be reasonable or unreasonable.
ana where 1t is not useless 1t is gener-
ally hurtful. Events have shown that II
Is not possible adequately to secure the
enforcement of any law of this kind nv
incessani appeal to the courts The de.
partmeht OF justice has for the last four
$ssa, aevoted more attention to the en-
iorceinent OF the antitrust legislation
than to anything else. Much has been
accomplished; particularly marked ha:
been the moral effect of the prosecutions
Out 1t is increasingly evident that there
Will be very insufficient beneficial re.
suit in the way of economic change. The
successful prosecution of one device tc
evade the law Immediately develops an
other device to accomplish the same pur-
pose. What is needed Is not sweeping
prohibition of every arrangement, good
or bad which may tend to restrict COM
petition, but such adequate supervision
and regulation as will prevent any re-
striction of competition from being tC
the detriment of the public-as well as
such supervision and regulation viii
prevent other abuses in no way connected
with restriction of competition. OF these
abuses, perhaps the chief, although by
no means the only one. is overcapitaliza-
tion-generally itself the result of dishon-
est promotion-because of the myriad
evils il brings in its train; for such over
capitalization often means an imitation
that invites business panic: il always con-
ceals the true relation OF the profit earned
TO the capital actually invested. and II
creates a burden of interest payments
which Is a fertile cause of improper re-
duction in or limitation of wages: 1,
damages the small investor. discourag es
thrift. and encourages gambling and
speculation: while perhaps worst of al
Is the thickness and dishonesty which II
implies-for harm to morals is worse thar
any possible harm to material interests
and the debauchery of politics and busi-
ness by great dishonest corporations is
far worse than any actual material evil
they do the public. Until the national
government obtains, in some manner
which the wisdom OF the congress may
suggest, proper control over the big cor
porations engaged in interstate commerce
that is, over the great majority of the
deal adequately with these evils.
Railroad Rate Regulation.
I am well aware of the difficulties
sf the legislation that am suggest