davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
WEALTHY JUNK MAN IN JAIL.
Jacob Cohen Fails to Produce Money il
the Federal Court.

4 .ft y ~
Jacob Cohen Fails to Produce Money in
the Federal Court.
Springfield, ILL.,, Aug. 9-As the cli-
max of sensational legal contest Ja-
cob Cohen, a, wealthy junk dealer of
Jacksonville, Ill, who was on March
81 in the federal court adjudged bank
rupt, is now an inmate Of the Sanga-
mon county jail. Last Thursday Judge
Humphrey ordered that Cohen turn
over to G. J. George, receiver In bank
ruptcy, by 10 o'clock yesterday morn
ing, $55,O5S, which it was shown by
testimony that Cohen had collected and
taken to Chicago and deposited III
banks and afterward checked out.
Cohen declared himself unable to ac-
count for the money except by infor-
nation that he had lost the whole sum
gambling in Chicago and Terre Haute.
Ind. Failing to produce the money,
he was ordered committed to Jail for
contempt Of court Cohen appeared
in court without the money.
Thomas Worthington, of jackson :
vile, representing certain creditors, de-
manded that Cohen be ordered to jail.
James M. Graham, attorney for Cohen,
stated that 1t was not out OF contempt
of court that Cohen had failed to pro-
duce the sum in. question, but. that he
could not produce the money, and that
while Cohen's friends were willing to
raise money to avert sending him to
fail. they are unable to raise the sum
IN question. Judge Humphrey there
unon ordered Cohen committed to Jail.
Cohen scheduled his liabilities at $685.
s27, and assets at $1o2,o6e.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
CHINA WANTS HANkow ROAD.
Minister Lians Calls on Roosevelt to
n;.au.. rarnas Of Purchase.

Minister Lang Calls on Roosevelt to
Discuss Terms Of Purchase.
oyster Bay, Aug. Sir Chentung
LANG Cheng, the Chinese minister, ar
rived here last night and was driven to
Sycamore Hill. He took dinner with
the President and Mrs Roosevelt.
Sir Liang. made an engagement by
telegraph this afternoon to see the
president and arrangements were made
to have one sof the executive carriages
in waiting for him at the railway sta
ton, but he unexpectedly arrived on
train which came from New York an
hour earlier.
The minister came particularly to
talk over with the president on matters
relating to the Hankow railroad, con-
cerning which J. Pierpont Morgan had
a conference yesterday with the pres
ident. Sir Liang desired to obtain
some information about the conference
and to present statement Of the sit
uation from the standpoint Of the Chi
nese government. Sir Liang remained
at Sycamore Hill about two hours, re-
turning to the railroad station in time
to take the 1O:O3 train for New York
The preSlQeHL dutHoAlNeo liz oeo'S
ment that the conference related en-
tirely to the negotiations pending IN
regard to the Hankow railroad. Sir
LianR. before he departed for New
York. said he simply desired to discuss
the railroad question with the presi-
dent, but regretted that he could not
at that time talk about the subject for
publication. China wants to purchase
the railroad and its concessions said
he. "and has made an offer for it.
What that offer is ] can not disclose
lust now. We are trying to patch up
an arrangement that will be satisfac-
tory and / think an entirely friendly
settlement will be reached
The minister indicated that many
Chinese were opposed to any railroad,
but said expressly that objection was
not due to foreign control of the une.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
the ENJOYS spent some time in their Of
fees, leaving the general store build
ing shortly after noon.
ROYAL YACHT REGATTA ON.
cowes Roads, OFF Isle of Wight, Scene
of Gavetv

Cowes, Isle OF Wight, Aug. 9.-Ihe
regatta of the royal yacht squadron
opened Tuesday. The chief event was
the race for King Edwards cup. AL
most as great interest, however, CEN
tered in the race for fifty wv o-footers
over the short queens course, which
resulted in a victory for the Here's
hoff-lbui boat Sonya. The winner
was followed in by the Moyana. the
Britomart, the Maynon and the
Gauntlet, in the order named
Half dozen boats started in the
race for King Edwards cup including
Emperor Williams American built
yacht Meteor, which was The scratch
boat The yawl Satanita soon took
the lead, the Meteor following. The
race was ultimately won by the earl OF
I,unraven's Cariad, which had hand
leap of fifty-six minutes, although the
Satantia, the Meteor, the vawl Bryn-
hild and the schooner Cetonia finished
ahead, in the order named.
The Cowes roads presented brill
liantly picturesque scene in the bright
sunshine. The warships We're pretty
lily dressed and the yachts including
the American boats, the Atlantic, Hill
.degarde and the Utowana, we're ablaze
with bunting. Hundreds Of steam
launches and other boats crowded the
waters, passing to and from the lines
Of the French arid British fleets King
Edward on board his old yacht, the
Britannia, cruised about watching the
race, in which much interest was also
shown by the French visitors
Vice Admiral Caillard commander
in chief of the French fleet, and other
French officers we've guests at lunch
con Of the royal yacht squadron and
spent the remainder of the afternoon
attending a variety Of social func-
tions.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
MAY SETTLE STRIKE
eoiIerm.kers and Managers of the
Great Western Holding Conference
.
With a View to Settlement Of the
Strike at oelwein.

Special to Times Republican.
oelwein, Aug. "a conference is be-
ing held here today between General
Superintendent Goodell and Assistant
Manager Lyon Of the Great Western
and representatives Of the striking
boilermakers with view to arranging
a settlement. At / o'clock today no
agreement had been searhed- The
boilermakers and their helpers went
out on Monday, the strikers alleging
that the working agreement had been
violated. They asked for sympathet-
ic strike at other division points, but
the local unions refused, believing the
cause Of the strike was not sufficient
to warrant the demands.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
AFRICANS KILL AND BURN.
Portuguese Villages Destroyed and
Settlers Massacred by Tribesmen.

settlers Ma9Sacreo py trlOoSmens
Cologne, Aug. The Cologne Ca
zette prints dispatch that 5000 Gu
anhamas (tribesmen) recently made an
attempt on several Portuguese villages
located to the northward of German
Southwest Africa, in Portuguese ter
ritory.
Most of the villages, according to re-
ports, were massacred and all their
houses burned. Three French mission
aries were carried away by the tribes
men, but succeeded in making their
escape The massacre occurred in the
same region where body Of Portu-
guese. troops suffered serious defeat
last year.
The detachment of Portuguese troops
in question belonged to column oper-
ating iii Portuguese Southwest Africa
against the Cuanhamas, and was am
bushed while crossing the Cunene riv-
er at night. The detachment number
ed 499 officers and men, of which 254
were killed and fifty wounded.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
REFoRMERs' SONS DEEP IN SIN.
Stern Indiana Fathers Ask No Favors
For Their Boys.

Hartford City, Ind, Aug. 9.-William
Gibson and William Hubart, officers Of
the Law and Order League of this city,
started an investigation which Monday
resulted in revealing their own sons as
leaders of the "can-rushing" gang Of
boys whose law violations had caused
the inquiry. All the boys involved are
members of good families. Messrs.
Gibson and Hubart were present and
heard all the evidence. They are firm
in their purpose to punish violations of
the law, and do not ask any favors for
their own sons, who will doubtless be
prosecuted for giving liquor to minors.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09

hibit at the state fair do not 4 q till
the Saturday before the faif ,ens
there are assurances that th = libit
will be this year up to the sts X Of
the other exhibits. The poult I IL be
exhibited in the old expositi = uild-
ing the same as last year. re is
not the necessity Of reser,..--; any
particular space for the various exhib-
it's and for this reason the date for
closing the entries is put off to the
very last There will be an unusually
. large exhibit this year Of incubators
and other contrivances that go with
the poultry industry.
/ Governor Cummins speaks today at
Redfield and tomorrow will make two
addresses In the morning he speaks
at Anita and in the afternoon at At
lantic where a big chautauqua meet
ing has been arranged for. A number
have made arrangements to go to At
lantic from this city and hear the ad-
dress there.
Nose Cohen, who has been ASSOCIATE
ed with W. III. Bremner in the city SOL
IGllol - oiLiIC AClC VIII NC a NoAANA
date for representative from Polk
county to the legislature when the
campaign properly opens. Mr.. Cohen
is one Of the progressive and able
young attorneys Of this city and a
very ardent admirer of Governor A. B.
Cummins. He will seek to be the sue
cessor to Representative Teachout.
During the Hull-Prouty campaign he
was identified with the Hull men bu.
is not particularly tied up with the
Hull forces. He exerted an influence
with the Jews of this city at that time
for Hull, however. John Kelley Of AL
toona will the candidate of the
county outside of Des Moines and is
also an ardent admirer Of Governor
Cummins.
John Briar, private secretary to Gov
ernor Cummins, will not return from
his vacation in the east for about two
weeks yet. He will leave the Atlantic
cpast about Aug. IA and will reach
hpme with Mrs. Briar some three or
Nur days later.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
PRIEST DYING OF CANCER.
Rev. Constantine Moujay Of Ia Porte.
Ind. succumbina to Disease.

La Portes Ind, Aug. Rev. Com
stantine Moujay, one Of the best known
priests in this diocese. is dying in q
Cincinnati hospital Of cancer. The
stricken priest went to the hospital
about a year ago and his physicians
were hopeful Of his recovery until .
few weeks ago, when the progress Of
the disease practically destroyed his
eyesight.. He had filled number OF
important pastorates In northern In-
diana.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
OTHER CRIMES CHARGED.
ono of Accused is Brady, Alleged to
Have Slain Man at Memphis.

! Davenport. Aug. 9.-Josephine Col
l,ette has not only accused her paura-
rnour William Nagel, of the murder of
d,ari Brady on an island near Musca.
fine, but has also declared that he
Ynaoe away with a man at Memphis.
Tenn., several years ago and also kilt-'
ed their baby while they were residing
Near Sigourney.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
LIQUOR STORE BLOWN UP.

Wholesale House and Stock IN lndi-;
ana Town Wrecked by Dynamite.
Hosler, Ind. Aug. "a struggle Of
five months against the sale ef liquor
in this community eliminated yester-
day in the dyramiting OF the wl1olesale
liquor house of Curtis & Agee, the
stock on hand being destroyed and the
building wrecked almost beyond re-
pair. It was charged that the firm did:
not confine itself strictly to a whole
sale business. The identity Of the per-
sons placing the dynamite is not
known.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
ENDORSE RoosEvELT's COURSE

Virginia Republican State Convention
:. Hold Second Days Session Today.
Roanoke, Va, Aug. 9.-The republi-
can state convention assembled at $3.50
for its second days work. The plat
form adopted and endorses the ma
stional republican platform, especially
sound currency, protective tariff, ex-
pansion, the Monroe doctrine, Panama
canal and largest navy. 1t endorses
Roosevelt's administration, and his
determination to give every one a
square DEAL"
Judge L. L. Lewis, of Richmond was
nominated for governor.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09

$3.50 o'clock, Schadle and vane enter
ed the wholesale house of Lagomar-
cino-G -Grupe Co, on South First street,
three or four different times, carrying
from the building the following goods:
Three boxes of chewing tobacco.
Two 5-gallon kegs Of wine.
One case Of cove oysters.
One box Of salted peanuts.
One pail of chocolate candy.
A quantity Of bananas. lemons, etc.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
WAS AN HONEST TOURIST.
pays -Year-old Fine in Town Of
LeMars.

LeMars, Iowa, Aug. 9.-Mayor j. H.
Linden had a surprise in the form of
the payment of a fine assessed in the
LeMars police court on April z, 1895.
The sender was Robert Collins, who
wrote from Toronto, Can, that he had
been picked up in the streets Of Le-
Mssrs In 1895 and fined by Mayor H. p.
Blown. He remitted $40 and requested
a receipt.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
Japs Drive Russians Back.

st. Petersburg Aug. 9-General
Linevitch in telegram to the emper-
or, dated Aug. s, reports Russian ferrys
operating east of Mandarin road, ad-
vanced Aug. toward defile near
Chagon. The japanese assumed the Of
fensive and turned both tanks, COM
pelling the Russians to retreat north
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
YOUTHFUL THIEVES CAUGHT.
Three Lads Charged With Burglary at
Cedar Rapids.
l~a-a A.. Hnl.,.as d o,,,,hlinaxn

d1edar Rapids. Aug. 9.-Willie
scthadle, Is years old. and one of the
worst young boys in Cedar Rapids,
Tornmy Franks, lad of II, and John
vane. boy of 16, both Of whom have
befetofore borne fairly good reputa-
tiohs. are in custody at the police sta
tioh, with a charge OF breaking and
entering IN the nisH. .iiiie, s.ldi seu = Z
against them. frahks anu vahe nav
both made CONCESSIONS, ana e.iousn :
has peen got.en oue u .ciiauie -
"a hlish beyond the question of doubt
his connection with the matter.
Tast Saturday night between 8 and
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
Bread Riot in New York.

New York, Aug. 9-Two policemen
were injured today in the gread riot
which occurred at the Hebrew bakery
Two hundred men entered the shoI
and overpowered the policemen and
carried out barrels; of dough and emp,
tied it into the gutter
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
WILL NOT INTERFERE.
Unless Teleeraphers' Strike Grows
Worse. Department Of Justice Will

Washington, Aug. 9.--The attorney
general received number Of tele-
grams from United States attorneys,
giving information that the telegraph
ers' strike situation on the Northern
Pacific lines shows Improvement in
conditions. Therefore it is said to be
quite improbable that the department.
of justice will take any action In the
matter, unless the situation becomes
worse
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
WOMEN JOIN STRIKERS.

Kosher Bread Becoming a Scarce Ar
ticle in New York.
New York. Aug. 9.-The women to-
day joined in the strike operations OF
the Kosher bread bakers, who are pro-
ducing a bread famine in the Hebrew
quarters of New York and Brooklyn.
Hundreds of loaves of this bread were
taken by the women from peddlers
who attempted to sell them and thrown
into the cutters, where the mud caused
by the recent rains instantly ruined the
foodstuff.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
MAN IS GROUND TO PULP.
Charlie. Tool Victim Of Creamery Aeel-
dent Near Benson, III.

Eureka, Ill, Aug. Am accident oc-
CURED near Benson yesterday in which
Charles Tool fell in the cylinder OF =
separator and was horribly mangled.
Both legs were cut off and he died be-
fore he could be taken from the ma
chine. He was about 43 years old and
leaves wife and child.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
Peace Conference Credentials.

Portsmouth, Aug. 9.-The first ses-
sion OF the peace conference has been
concluded. 1t lasted about an hour.
No business was done besides ex-
changing credentials and arranging the
program for future sessions.
The credentials were found to be. en-
tirely satisfactory. The next meeting
= tomorrow ct $3.50. After conference.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
NO WINDS AT SEA
Captain Of tho Dirigo, With Cargo Of
Sugar, Says Ship Practically Drifted
the $4,000 Miles Between Honolulu
and tho Delaware Breakwater.

Philadelphia, Aug. s.-An unusual
condition. the absence Of trade and
other winds at sea, was today reported
by Captain Goodwin, of the ship Dir
igo, which arrived at spreckers sugar
refinery from Honolulu, with a cargo
of raw sugar. The Dirigo, according
to the captain, practically drifted from
Honolulu to the Delaware breakwater,
a distance Of $4,000 miles. The run
required 1876 days. The weather on
both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
was calm and sultry, with incessant
rains, like cloudbursts, leluging the
big ship.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
ROOSEVELT TO wILkEssARRE.
Will Make Several Addresses on Brief
Tour Thru the East.

Oyster Bay, Aug. 8. President
Roosevelt leaves at 8 a. m. tomorrow
for Wilkesbarre, Pa, where about 4
o'clock In the afternoon he will deliver
an address to the United Mine Work.
ers and members of the Catholic Abb
stinence Union. Tomorrow evening he
leaves Wilkesbarre for Chautauqua, N.
Y, where on Friday morning he will
address the chautauqua assembly.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
EXPLOSION INJURIES SOLDIERS.
Eleventh lnfantrymen Play with Old
Shell With Serious Results.

Eleventh lnfantrymen Play with Old
Shell With Serious Results.
Fort Russell, Wyo., Aug. 9.-Several
enlisted men of companies G and III of
the Eleventh infantry were seriously
wounded yesterday by the explosion of
a three inch shell found by the men in
hills where the artillery had camped
in the march of last year.
One of the men attempted to drive
the she'll into the ground, when it ex-
ploded. Private Butts Of company G
was fatally wounded and Privates
Becker of company H, Furgant of COM
pany H and Robinson Of company G
We're also badly injured.
Several other were slightly injured.
The injured are being brought overland
to Fort Russell, but Butts and proba-
bly, others will die en- route.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
Bank FaiIs 70 opsn.

Denver, Aug. 9.-The Western Bank.
a state institution, failed to open to-
day. It is announced that Henry ~.
Beatty, assistant cashier. has been ap-
pointed as assignee. The Western
Banks deposits are about million.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
Serious Trouble at Riga.

ST Petersburg, Aug. 9.-Rumors Of
serious trouble at Riga today are Of
f,cial,v confirmed. Twenty thousand
mon are ON q strike there. Two million
dollars worth Of perishable merchan-
disc is awaiting loading and reioadlng
and merchants applied for soldiers to
act as stevedores in order to save the
property.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
MORE NEW CASES REPORTED
American and French Names are Be-
coming Numerous in the List Of
Those Stricken With the Disease
Work Of Cleaning City Actively Be-.
gun.
New cases fever in New Orleans =. 12
Deaths in New Orleans ..........
Total cases to date .o2S
Deaths to date ............ ......l15

The report of sixty new cases of fe-
yer in New Orleans yesterday and of
twelve up to noon today shows how
complete the infection is in the district
below Canal street, very few afflicted
being found outside this locality,
where the disease was first discovered.
American and French names are be-
ginning to appear in the list of those
stricken. The situation in Mississippi
is not so favorable today, as suspicious
sickness is reported at Yazoo City and
Holly Springs. Within an hour after
this report had been received, jack
son, Miss, quarantined against Yazoo
City.
New Orleans, Aug. 9.-The great
street cleaning campaign inaugurated
early today is to continue until night
fall Besides the paid laborers of the
city and prisoners from the jails,
thousands of volunteers took off their
coats and went to work to give New
Orleans a thorough scrubbing. Hun
dreds Of carts and wagons are carry
ing off refuse. The state board Of
health is in receipt of advices from a
number Of parishes notifying it Of
their disposition to modify quarantine
regulations Al foreign Immigration
into New Orleans is to be stopped un-
til fever is stampeded.
New Orleans, Aug. Archbishop
Chappelle died this afternoon of yellow
fever.
DR.. George Tichenor. Jr., and two
trained yellow fever nurses, left today
on special train for Bon Ami, La,
where 1t is understood the fever is in
creasing.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
PAGE ONE,

PAGE ONE.
TeIegraphie News.
Fever Kills Archbishop Chappelle.
Infection Spreading Rapidly.
Formal Meeting Of Peace ENJOYS.
Question Of Language Settled.
Thirteen Dead at Albany.
Speculation as to Conger.
PAGES TWO AND THREE.
Iowa News.
Dogs Killing Cattle at Tama.
New Road for Creston.
Clinton Celebrates Anniversary.
Collision Near Mason City.
Funeral Of q. A. Graves.
knights OF Pythias Meeting.
PAGE FOUR.
Editorial.
Nasty Books and Vile Stories.
The Bad Boy.
July Breaks q Record.
Topics Of the Times.
Iowa Opinions and Newspapers.
Looker-On In Iowa.
PAGE FIVE
Miscellaneous News.
Delays in Peace Meeting!
Miscellaneous News.
PAGES SIX AND SEVEN.
Local News.
Columbiana County Picnic Sept. 2.
Grays Lose Game to Quakers.
Central Sued for $4,000.
Will Keep Ball Team Going.
Holdup at Melbourne.
Old Settlers Tomorrow.
City in Brief
= PAGE EIGHT
General Market News.
Wheat Ruled Firm.
Board of Trade Quotations.
The Livestock Market.
Reciprocity Convention Plans.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
Ready for the President,

wilkesbarre, Pa, Aug. 9.-The ma
tional convention Of the Catholic To-
tai Abstinence Union of America was
formally opened today with over 800
delegates present. ALI arrangements
for the coming of President Roosevelt
tomorrow are completed.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09

Floating Pool Room Leaves Chicago.
Kenosha, Wis, Aug. 9.-The floating
pool room City of Traverse Slipped out
of the harbor today, bound for Chica-
go. 1t had an entire crew, including a
wireless operator.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
WEATHER WAS uNFAvoRABLE.

Contests For National Golf Champion
ship, Resume Play, However.
Chicago, Aug. 9.-With a cloudy sky
and prospects good for shower. the
six score golfers still in the qualifying
rAnd of the national golf champion
shin. resumed their play today in the
last half of the big medal scoring test.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
Resume Run on Bank.

Denver, Aug. s.-The run on the.
Denver Savings Bank. which began
yesterday, was resumed today.
The Central savings bank also exc
perienced run but paid its dsDeGls3
tor In full on demand.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09
CANNOT ENJOY HANolNes.
interstate sheriffs' Association i II
Session at st. Paul.

Session At st. Paul.
st. Paul, Mimi, Aug 9.-The Inter
state Sherifs, Association began =
three days session here yesterday at;
ternoon. About 100 delegates from var,
ious parts Of the country are in att
tendance.
"A hanging yesterday and today.
which was to have been a feature Of
the program for the entertainment OF
the visitors, could not take place be-
cause Of the suicide of one of the con :
demned, and the granting Of a respite
to the other.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-08-09

my and Navy Club tonight. Rear Ad-
miral Enquist of the Russia navy and
staff, We're present. The reception
was the most brilliant in the history Of
Manila.