Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-10

been Japan. To all others.
RUSSIA an Russian affairs, from the
Enicrrna commencement OF disturb
ance In February. 1904, to
the present, have been an enigma, an In
solvable riddle.
A recent cable from st. Petersburg re-
porting continued disaffections in the army
mentions government note to the people
counseling patience and pointing out the
necessity for time In which to replace old
laws by new ones, and promising tenn
porary statutes covering the guarantees of
recent manifestos and making them opera
tive until the meeting of the national as
sembly. The landlords congress, which
held it's sessions recently in Moscow, at
tackled Count Witte, and some of Its men,
bers declared that the premier was leading
Russia to perdftion, and pronounced for the
emperor and the zemski sober.
The tide of Observation-Disclosures revolu-
ton Is at the turning point and the cur
rent now is running swiftly toward counter
revolution. The socialists, who have had
things their own way, are now In the dread
presence of the black millions who are about
to march to the cities the summons of
the emperor and the zemsid sober.
Father Gapon, the mad priest who led
the workmen In the bloody riots on the
famous Red Sunday" in the streets Of st.
Petersburg ON the 22d of January, and
who mysteriousy disappeared, has re-
turned. His retirement has furnished him
with reflection and given him pause. He
now warns the socialists that they cannot
arouse the peasants by their actions but
will surely provoke counter-revolution.
He says:
"A hundred fanatical priests with church
banners and ikons might easily arouse the
black millions of the country and over
whelm you intellectuals of the cities amidst
such horrors as the world has never wit
messed"
The revolutionary leaders have caused
Gapon to be tried for treachery, alleging
He was summoned to appear before
tribunal of seven, which promptly and
unanimously condemned him to DEATH.
Count White has q herculean task In
hand, but he appears to have the cordial
support of France In maintaining the finan-
cial credit Of Russia, and this aid is Of
incalculable value The premier said
few days ago:
145 1000, eco of men and vast administra-
ton for the acceptation of liberty"
Amnesty has been accorded for all po-
Htical crimes; a ukase has restored to Fin
land her local liberties guaranteed by the
treaty of FredrickshanE1 in 1909; Nicholas
II has renowned absolutism and accorded
a. constitution, though under the menace or
the mob. VIII the mob be content with Its
victory? An autoeracy and a parliament
are extremes which may puzzle the wit or
Premier Witte to conciliate for Russia, IN
view of her mixed population, must remain
autocratic even with a parliament Thfs
is the vexatious problem which In the
midst of revolution and disorder must be
solved by Count White.
But the revolution OF the SOCIALISTS ana
anarchists has spent itself. There are
ominous signs of the counter-revolution.
Rumors are rife that the black bands
are coming, and that they will massacre
the intellectuals, the students and the
Jews" Now and them the cry is heard:
",Tbe black band Is coming! Or Here
come the Cossacks!" and each cry creates
a panic and stampede.
i
The appearance of the Polish patriots and
orators, Dofrotvorski and Lednitzki. in the
congress of the Zemstvos on
Polish the Dist ultimo created some
D.A;+. surprise, the more SO that
their speeches were moderate
and that they demanded simply that the
state of siege in Poland should be raised,
that the Polish language should be taught
in the schools and that it be readmitted IN
the public and administration institutions In
Poland. NJ. Lednitzki formally protested
against the assertion that Poland was
thinking of breaking away from Russia,
and speeches in this sense were made by
Prince Volthouski, Prince Paul Dolgorouki
and NJ Stakhovitch. Only M. Chtchepkine
reproached NJ. White with not having ac-
corded to Poland in three weeks liberties
which Russia herself has been asking for
three hundred years.
The people and government of the United
States are attached to Poland because of
the heroic efforts of the Poles in fighting
for liberty and Independence. But there Is
a special tie In the name of hosciuszko,
who fought for American independence.
Article XII of the treaty or commerce and
navigation between the United States and
Russia, dated December Is, 1882, extends
the treaty Sin like manner to the kingdom
of Poland" In a separate article 1t Is ex-
pressed: 1.-The two high contracting parties
have agreed that the special stip-
ulation granted to the commerce OF Prussia
and of Sweden and Norway, In considera,
ton of equivalent advantages granted IN
these countries, by the one to the COM
merce of the kingdom of Poland, and by
the other to that of the grand duchy of
Finland shall not in any case he invoked
SIN favor of the relations of commerce anc
navigation sanctioned between the TWO
high contracting parties by the present
treaty.
Poland-entitled Kingdom of Poland" by
error as it's name Pole indicates, Is vast
plain which extends from the Black sea TO
the Baltic and was originally inhabited by
people denominated Antes, Henetes and
Hendes and later Slavs The first dynasty.
Piast (ninth century, was replaced IN 1857
by Iagelon.
Stgismond ii having died without heir in
1872 the diet offered the throne to Henri
de Valois, who after few days reign
abandoned 1t TO become Ming VI Idicc.
X
In 1918 Sigismond Wasa committed Ia
tai mistake in ceding Prussia to the elector
of Brandebourg. and thus
National constituted the basis OF
r,.oaa.nc. the future power of Prus-
STA which the treaty Of
Westphalia augmented while Sweden In
creased her strength on the Baltic. The
treaty of Polausv, 1884, concluded by Sig
ismond VII with the Russians. assured to
Poland the possession of Livonsa, but the
treaty of Wehlan in 1867 determined the
loss of Prussia. The treaty of Olivia, 1870.
gave Livonia to Sweden. The reign of
Jean Sobieski. 1674-1695, shed luster upon
the expiring nation. Sobieski defeated the
Turks and delivered Vienna In 1888. At the
death of August II the Emperor Charles vi
and the Czarina Anna Ivanowna interfered
in the election of August III. Louis XIV,
King of France. and son-in-law of Stanis-
las Leczinski declared the election should
be free and Stanislas, hurrying to Var
sovia, was proclaimed King of Poland. 1735.
But August, supported by the Russians and