The Yale expositor., 1905-06-30
BODYBUILDING HINTS
nOHaSTRUCTtoN.06M MODEL HIGHWAYS
~ wEsvcaEsrsa COUNTY,

| OOssnaisstoner william A. Miles Tells
of His Most Satisfactory Re-uits
with maeadam - How 10 Improve
EevtA Roads ny GradiHs-
At tire recent national good Dcads
convention held In Jacksonville, Fla,
comment was mAde upon the fne type
Of rveis shown by Mount Vernon, ".
Y. Its system OF highways connects
with those OF New York city and up
per Westchester county, making a con-
tinuous drive on excellently paved
roads from lower New York to Mount
Kfsco, a distance OF forty rnilvs. Cozn-
missioner William A. Miles, who has
been engaged In road construction In
Westehester county for tie past ten
years, writes American Agricultural
as follows regarding his most sstIsfsc-
tory results in construction:
"Our territory Is inland, and the cost
to construct these roads has been con-
siderably more than other districts
which have the advantage OF water
transportation. Our macadam Is gen.
orally eight inches thick, consisting Of
four inch layer of two and half
inch trap rock, three inch layer OF
one and half inch trap rock and an
inch Of trap rock screenings Each
course Of stone Is thoroughly rolled
with a ten ton steam roller and con-
tinually wet with a sprinkling wagon
during the process of rolling.
The telfori macadam Ia. construct
cd by placing by hand labor native
quarried stone on edge TO a depth OF
SIX inches. After Thoroughly rolling
this surface with ten ton steam roller
d layer OF two and half inoa trap
rock three inches thick is then spread
over this surface, after which the no
qusrOd thickness Of twefve inches n
made up or one and half inch trap
rock and screenings Where the nature
of the ground Is unstable and wet tel
ford macadAm h constructed, but
where the soil pr subsrsde 70 arm and
dry mScaaam aloha Ia employed
"Our granite block pavement Is ako
laid on concrete and bedded In sand.
after being laid the joints between, thu
blocks are swept full OF sand and the
pavement thoroughly rauimed In the
usual way. Thts class oS pavement is
also confined 70 much used roads and
steep grades
while the first cost OF construction
os vitrlfed brick roads has been greater
than mscadam, he expense of main
teaacce, repairs, cleaning. and spin
king has been much less. Vltrihed
brick payenents are laid on skS iDchss
OF cOncrete.and one inch Of saIfds The
pavement has been thoroughly rolled
and any defestixe or dlseolorei brick
turned or replaced By sound ones. AT
er the pavement is thoroughly smooth
and rolled solid a portland cement
gT2ut has been applied. aRlng the Joints
full ttthe surface. After being allNtF-
ell to set for from four to six days the
road is thrown open to the public"
Earth roads can be materially I'M
proved for summer travel by passing
grader or planer lightly over them early
In the spring, before the ground has be-
come hard and baked by the sun. 1t is
much more satisfactory to make road
good by the use OF machinery than TO
wear 1t down by travel If a grader Is
not available for this work, q second
hand railroad rail, one weighing from
fifty 20 seventy pounds per yard, can
be dragged by a team of horses up one
side OF the road and down the other
with excellent effect. One round trip
Is usually sufficient. A steelNI beam Is
equally as good. The object OF this
treatment Is to smooth down the ridges
and all the ruts and hollovs. The
blade Of the grader OK the rail shouh
be hept nearly square across the road,
20 "a to carry u sufficient Amount Of
earth before ID TO Ill Expressions n 81
most important that this work shonh
be done while the ground - slightly
mont
In tha vicinity OF DayanA IN. bnrscs
are used no more In grading the coun-
try roads, for IL was found that trac-
ton engine could draw two graders
and take the place Of twelve good
horses, with an ensineer to take care
Of the engine and one man to handle
each road grader. The engine was
double cylinder weighing about 10000
pounds, having 61a inch cylinder bore.
IL inch stroke, 200 revolutions per mip-
ute and of about 125 pounds steam
pressure. The graders are coupled TO
the tender, which is just behind the
engine and witch carries half a ton. OF
coal aud eight barrels 6f water. A
team hauls an additiQral supply of
water and coal enough TO ReeD thcSna-
chimes going all day. The road graders
do not follow tho same track, but go
side by side, one a little behind the
other. The engine travels on the road
about as fast as team walks ordina-
rily.-Popular Mechanics.