davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
EARLY B00KMAKERS
THE FINE ART OF THE MONKS OF
The MIDDLE AGES.

Written and illuminated works
Thst Were MarNels of skill and
ndWstry-AnE Io-SHXon Monks Orig
mated the Roman Letter.
There is scarcely any error so popu-
lar, yet so unfOundcd, as that which
invariably attributes unbounded indO-
lence TO the monastic orders OF former
days. To them we owe the preserva-
ton OF literature. both In the pains they
took 10 perpetuate history by their Ia
bors In transcribing and by their dill
gence in the education OF youth
In the large monasterles q chamber
was always set apart for writing. al
lowing space In the same apartment
for other quiet employments also. The
ranscriberS were superintendent by the
abbot. prior. subprior and precentor OF
the convent and were distinguished by
the name OF "anuquarli." These in
dustriouE persons were continually oc-
eupied In making new copies OF old
manuscript books for the use OF other
monaSteries. and by this means many
were educated and our most valuable
The Anglo-Saxon monks were most
celebrated as writers and were the
originators OF the small roman letter
used In modern times. The greatest
dslicacy and nicely were deemed es-
seDti&l in the transcribing Of books,
whether for the purpose OF general in
structiOn or for the use OF the converts
Careless and illegille writing is
therefore but seldom 10 be met with
among the remains OF monastic indus
try, and when erasures were made
they appear TO have been done with
the utmost care and skill. For this
purpose the monks used pumice stone.
and they were also provided with q
puactorium. or awl, to make the dots
and with metal pens for writing until
after the seventh century, when quilts
were brought into use, they being far
better than the metal pens then In use.
The Inks were composed os lamp
black SCOT mixed with water and gum
for use upon the vellum, paper not be
Ing introduced until the fenth century;
hence the beautiful dIstinctness. as
well as durability. OF very ancient
manuscript books. So important was
the art OF writing In those days that
IL Is conceded as many as 100 different
styles were In vogue among the learn
ed.
VITA 90 many impediments to the
multiplication OF books as were at
tcndant upon their slow production In
this manner. 81 is not a matter OF sur
prise that the monks enjoyed almost a
monopoly CT This kind OF LATER. as in
truth they were the only body Of men
whc could properly conduct 1t. The
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

LAMBS CARCASS. SHOWING PARTS.
The wool or pelt is an item OF return.
The butchers who cater to fancy trade
will be compelled TO I'll orders for the
special goods. whatever the price may
be. A slaughter house on the farm
and a method OF Grating the whole or
part OF a sheep 20 each Of the thou-
sands OF rich families in and around
New York city should be easily ar
ranged. advertising is unnecessary 10
make known such commodity; once
established. the only difficulty will be
20 supply the demand.
In this billion-6ollar age in the most
extravagant country under the sun. a
duplicate English saddle flap and juicy
leg OF mutton should command a hand
some return. easily doubling present
prices. The English-fed mutton con-
tinues always TO hold up high price
against all imports The best informed
can show no reason adverse TO the pro-
duction or equally good mutton N
close proximity to New York city. aud
this branch OF farming will work IA
vorabiy IN conjunction with the usual
routine OF the farm; once started even
in a small wsv Il can be developed to
enormous proportions.
II must not be supposed that the IN
initiated can make a success by fol-
lowing the above statements, neither
do the American stockmen grasp the
possibilities that await them The nu-
merous details necessary 10 conduct
successfully this special branch OF
farming are understood by the best
English sheep feeders only. who often
have cold or wet to contend with dur
ing the winter months. necessitating
shed-covering as protection u IN not
generally known that a succulent tur-
nip is heating TO the system of a west
srn lamb. in the absence of duly pre-
pairing the animal The question OF
fencing and protection from DOGS
should be fully understood: the cost OF
attendance IS a small item Of expense.
Ia support OF my right to speak
with authority In sheep husbandry, I
beg to say that my father was occu-
pier OF several farms. about 1000
aces. near the county town OF Bedford.
England, for over 80 years. and for
~ years l nave takfn an active part
in the business anG in the manage
ment OF large nocks 81 sheep. supply
ing the London market with no. /
mutton and lamb. On these farms.
the first iron pillow was used. and with
II we took first premiums at piowing
matches throughout the country. We
were also designers and inventors and
makers OF numerous agricultural I'm
plements still in use. The most
prominent sheep farmer in the whole
country. Charles Howard, whose name
in the past often appeared in the press
OF this country, received his farming
education with my father II was on
this large holding that the leading
farmers and stockmen congsegnted to
see our progressive methods
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
A HEROIC BATTLE.


The Enemy Was the Sea. and the
Colored Troops Won.
No engagement of the civil war was
carried ON with more bcroism and en-
durance than that fought by the For
ty-ninth United States colorcd troops
after hostiliJes were over. The Maya
zine of American History contains an
account OF the tuSSle I'm which the
black soldiers bore themselves SO
bravely. The steamer Merrimac. load
cd with cotton. left New Orleans for
New York carrying. besides her reg
ular passengers. thirty officers and 900
colorcd privatcs.
For several days all went well. Then
the vessel sprung aleak. fires were
dampcucd ana the alarm spread. IL
was found that the iron supply pipe
through which the water for the con-
denscr WAS taken from the see was
broken, and the place OF leakage could
not De reached. The passengers were
panic stricken. One small. fat German
went about wrngug his hands and
crying:
ZACH, we are az the bottom OF the
sea. II we gets pack to New Orleans
The water gained fast The only
hope lay i'm keeping anoat until a YES
sci could be sighted. The colored
troops were pressed into service and
proved themselves the her IS OF the
occasion. 4 line OF men was establish
ed from the hold 20 the deck. and buck
cts were passed rs rapidly as hands
could move. ON deck another line
stepped back and forth with well
trained military tread The work be-
low was most exhaustin-. The men at
the bottom could not hold their posi-
ton more than three minutes at a
time. They were blinded and half
strangled by the swashing sea water
and bruised by the humps OF coal
which dashed about
But no one faltered. and high above
the noise rose the clear. sweet voices
Of the workers, now singing an army
song, now chc"ry negro melody. The
music brought new hope 70 the hearts
OF the passengers. Hour after hour
the men worked and sang. and the sea
did not gain on them.
Two days passed. and the drinking
water gave out Then they could no
tStArNA HuA-r anu tAltAL IdItutQ LnfOALS
We're eased only by a scanty supply
OF oranges and lemons, but stin they
worked. on the third day the lights OF
steamer were seen only half a mile
away. Rockets were sent up. and
with great difficulty, on account OF
her wet ammunition. a gun was fred.
To the dlsmay Of all. the steamer pass
Ell on. Quickly the soldiers formed a
line once more. and the wearlsome Ia
Dor began again.
After sixty-hve hours OF bucket pass
ing steamer was sighted which re-
sponded to the call for help, and the
waterlogged Merrlmac was towed Iato
harbOr.
The men who had sung so cheerily in
the midst Of hard labor and in the face
Of death were thoroughly exhausted,
but they had not lost their light heart
ed gayety
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
FEEDING WESTERN LAMBS.
Suggestions by an Eastern Stockman
for Profitable Rearing of Lambs
for Neat

/ wish to give some facts about the
nsiue Of an industry new 70 this coun-
Try and in which are the least posslb q
risks, with the hope of interesting cap
ltallsts.
believe, writes w l. Armstrong. OF
New Jersey, in the Country Gentleman.
may claim to be the original advo-
tate OF the English system of sheep
farming as suited 20 the American soil
and climate. My views in This branch
Of farming have been supported by the
foremost authorities in this country.
My remarks refer TO a system OF feed
Ing etc, which will result I'm the de-
Velopment Of thick lean, juicy NUT
ton carcass of finest quality and di-
gestibility, having a peculiar turnipV
aavor pleasing to the palate. the cpl
cures delight
The questions may be asked: \, nat
are the requirements? VIII the cost
exceed present western systems Of
feeding? How can the sheep be pro-
cured?
Ordinary farm land. about one-third
OF the farm or farms. should be plant
ed with turnips. yielding 10 to 20 tons
per acre, according TO quality OF the
soil. costing about so cents per ton to
grow. Roots are the mainstay. about
10 pounds each day per head being led.
with very small quantity of hay. also
bran, peas. linssed and cotton cake.
oats, etc, all or part mixed IN bulk-
estimating one pint or so each day per
head. with about two quarts of hay
chan. possibly little water and rock
salt Movable fences are necessary 10
enclose the flock i'm a new patch OF
roots each day. passing over the field
bit by bit, leaving the land richly but
tered with humus
The corn in the west is cheaper than
are the above-named mixed feeds east.
but the turnips which play so impor-
tant part. will fully make good on
the side OF economy. Feeding sheep
on arabic land affords an additional
item OF return equal 20 many tons OF
city manure per acre. enriching the de-
pleted soil and saving expensive fertil-
izer bills. The English grow their fine
quality mating barley aftr sheep. and
II may yet be discovered that a finer
quality Of tobacco can be grown in this
country after such a preparation.
Western lambs can be bought in the
Buffalo market or shipped direct from
the west. costing about three dollars
per head.
The feeding period may range over
two TO three months. during which
time the animal will thicken and grow.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

notes down the result. BY subtracting
the weight OF the dish from that Of
both the weight Of the milk Is found
and recorded. Next the receptacle Is
placed over a steam Jet, which evapo-
rates the water OF the milk, leaving
only the residue or solids" Again the
dish and its contents are weighed. and
by d simple calculation the percentage
OF solids is ascertained.
The solids" of the milk have been
found by nnumerable analyses TO
average about Is per cent. and while
the fat varies in milk from different
cows the solids left after extracting
the fat are found 20 be a very constant
quantity, seldom falling below 10 per
cent or over II. This gives the chem
list a positive basis for his calculations
certainty whether or not the milk has
been watered.
The fat or OF in milk is determined
by dissolviug &c by means of ether. the
residue remaining after such test be
ing termed solids other than fat"
The average fat or oil found i'm milk
from COWS is per cent. ana amy
amount less than 3 per cent indicates
almost to a certainty that the milk has
been skinned. II analysis shows a
decrease OF Fat IL indicates that the
milk has been watered. while if fats
and other solids together are low you
may infer that the skinner has done
It's worst
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

lieutenant a MILDLY, several other OH
GERS and two signalers boarded the EFT
roll. Captain Graham showed them
his manifest The lieutenant then ask ed
Captain Graham why he had not stop
ped. saying Captain Mori was very an
cry. Captain Graham replied:
"We don't understand Morse signals.
Why didn't you fire gunT'
1--WE did" said the Jap.
Didn't hear IL; must have been a
popgun," said Captain Graham. Il
thought you were a Russian, and ]
kept on. hoping you you would put
about and leave us alone"
The Japs returned to their own ship.
the cruiser Takachiho. and the Enroll
was compelled TO follow the cruiser
back on the road for more than half an
hour, when she was allowed TO pro
coed.
The GotO islands were passed that
afternoon. and when Mr.. Mackenzie
came on the bridge at midnight Tsu-
shima light was just abeam. The first
object to attract attention was a war
ship, playing constantly a searchlight
upon the cotton ship and running rings
around the Enroll The man-of- war
was shouting something indistinctly.
and the Erroll hoisted her signal.
Shouting again. the unknown cruiser
disappeared In the dark. The Enroll
went on at half speed. but In two min
utes there were several vessels signal.
Ing TO her TO stop instantly. which she
did. She remained motionless until
$50 n. m. A chain OF warships was
stretched clear across Tsushima strait
during the darkness, but when day
light broke there wasn't one to be seen.
So the cotton laden steamer pushed on,
entering the harbor OF Moji at noon.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
CARE OF NAMES AND TAILS
Some Valuable Suggestions for the
Improvement ia Appearance
OF the Horse.

In response TO an inquiry as to
what 10 do TO improve rough, uneven
and unsightly names and tails. lead
ing horse authority gives Its readers
the following suggestions:
"Clea ILLNESS is the first thing 10 be
looked after. II dirt is suffered TO &C
cumulate at the roots OF the long hair
the horse will rub and destroy It..
Therefore, good. honest soap and
water is 3 mighty aid 70 keep names
and tails looking well. A little sheep
dipzenoleum is excellent. used period
ically AZ the roots OF the long hair
will stimulate growth measurably
and kin or repel veTmin that may have
found or seek Judgment. When a
horse is rubbing his tail. which he al
ways is when anything is wrong. the
first thing 20 be done is 10 discover the
cause. Then apply plenufully soap and
water and the solution described. One
part Of the dip in 50 parts Of warm wa
ter Is right as 10 strength. Then the
name and tail should be kept clean by
the use Of comb and brush and more or
less frequent washing. The long hair
should be dried as we'll as possible after
each securing. and when the dip solu-
ton is applied there is no need 10 slop
IL over 50 that IL runs down or away
from the skin where it is needed. II
should be rubbed IN briEkly for a few
moments. The name and tail should be
handled gently. II is very easy TO tear
out great quantities OF the long hair
with a common currycomb. and in that
very way much damage is done 4 cur
rycomb should never be used on q
name on tail. Use the comb specially
designed for the purpose. The tail
should never be plated to make IT look
crinkly. To plat il is to break on the
hair and IN time to spoil the looks OF the
tail"
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
TEE LIVE STOCK.

Whatever you may feed your horse,
feed judicieusly and regularly. Use
system.
While it IS always an itsm to feed
well, young pigs may easily be Etuntsd
by overlooking.
Keep breeding sows By themselves
and feed them according to the de-
mands OF the condition.
Hogs furnish one OF the best me-
diums for marketing the bulky prod.
ucts OF the farm IN = concentrated
shape.
When stabbed for the neon feed, IL Il
comforting an6 cooling to the tired
sweating horse TO be relieved Of al
harness.
1t is the hogs that make the hes,
growth IN the shortest time and upon
the smallest amount OF food that re-
turn the best pront
A tablespoonful Of copper sulphsts
dissolved in hot water and given with
a gallon OF milk TO the brood SOW viii
tstop scours In little pigs
Owners Of waste. brushy land would
'fnd q flock OF Angora goats a very
valuable acquisition. They are money
makers es well as land elearers.
In selecting n young animal for
.breed4ng purposes one with q gentle
and tractable disposition should be
chosen as nearly as can be judged.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
THE PUEBLO INDIANS.
Their Religion L. In IA Way n Specie.
OF Water Worship.

OF Water worship.
Eagle feathers are much used in the
ceremonials OF the Pueblo Indians, and
in order TO make sure OF a supply the
Zuni keep the birds IN cages, plucking
a few feathers whenever they happen
TO want them. On the other hand. the
Moki have eagles nests located az va
rious spots within thirty or forty miles
Of their towns, which are considered
the property OF different clans among
them. The eagle lays its eggs in the
same nest year after year, and the
clans inherit rights to certain nests
from generation to generation.
The eagles are not killed. but the
new fiedged young ones are taken
from the nest-that is 10 say, all but
one or two. which must be left. To
remind the eagle god to encourage the
laying Of more eggs by the birds an
egg carved out OF wood Is placed
where the divinity Will be sure TO see
it; also. after being plucked, the ea-
glets are carefully buried IN a certain
cleft IN the rocks, which is the eagle
cemetery. Here the eagles have been
inferred for centuries, and the place Is
very sacred.
The Pueblo Indians have tradition
OF the flood, and they say that the tur-
key is marked In cOmmemoration OF
that event. ats tail being black at the
end where it was dragged through the
mud after the water had subsided.
The duck IL another sacred bird, be
Ing associated with water. From the
Pueblo point Of view. anything that IL
related TO the ell precious water In any
way is an object OF worship. Their re-
hgion Is made UP 10 a great extent OF
aquatic divlnities and might be called
species OF water worship.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
How to Clean Old Book Plates.

To restore old book plates that have
been Injured by age and damp proceed
as follows: Place upon a Eat surface
sheet OF white paper somewhat lar
ger than the print to be cleaned. Care
fully dampen the print on both sides
with soft wet sponge and then satu-
rate It with a mixture or chloride OF
lime and oxalic acid dissolved In about
equal proportions In a pint Of cold
water. You can tell when the mixture
Is right by It's turning magenta color.
Continue 70 apply II until every staia
or spot has disappeared and then with
a clean spoage wash the print freely
with cold water.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

low. / advise every bee keeper to use
the solar wax extractor. All that is neces
essary is to have a box with glass TO a.
over 1t, as shown in cut To mel,
combs. put in the box an old dripping
pan, having hole at one corner. and
that corner the lowest, with some kline
OF dish set under to catch the wax. TIE
get the most out. says the Farm AM
Home. break up the combs into fin,
pieces. then soak in water for day OF
two longer before rendering.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

When "A young man on a small sal
airy and with the future very uncer-
tain gets married we claim he is as
reckless as II he jumped into water
and couldn't swim. The romantic may
call 1t courage. but 1t is pure reckless
ness.-Atchison Globe.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
All Broke Up.

"She was very much affected. was
she not, at the bad newsT
Il should say so. Her eyes dropped.
her voice broke. her face fell. ard final.
ly she burst into tears."-BaltimOre
American.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

GROUND PLAN FOR HOG HOUSE.
mitted in a late issue OF the Michigan
Farmer needs no further description.
The hog house forms the basement Of a
two-story building. The upper portion
is used for storage OF corn.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

n a man be gracious and courteous
to strangers IL shows he Is citizen OF
the world and that his heart Is no Is
land cut OF from other lands. but q
continent that joins TO them--Bacon.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

Oh she was a woman as fair cord be.
A woman Of high renown.
Likewise q woman OF high degree
But she were a Iow-cut gown.
Milwaukee Sentinel
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
Extra Combs

Now arrange TO have the bees al
and seal several extra combs. to have
on hand when any colony runs short
OF stores during winter or early
spring.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
ANALYzINo MILK.

The Process IL Neither Ban sslas xsr
Complicated.
The chemical analysis OF milk 10 not
complicated nor difficult. FIRST the
chemist weighs a small dish, cup or
SANGER ana. carefully notes down the
results in ounces. grains ana fractions
OF grains. Next he pours in some milk
to be analyxsd and again carefully
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
EXTRACTING REESWAX.
Simple Apparatus Which Will Enabl,
the Apiarist to Separate Comb
from the Honey.

Wax, as produced by the bees and
worked into comb. is almost pure white
but on being melted and cooled Is ye4-
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

was he kind to his famiiy?"
Il should say be was. He couldn't
have been kinder II he had been ar
insurance president Plair
Dealer
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
Heard in the Asylum

is dere anything you wouldn't eat Z
dinner?"
"Uh- huh"
''What?"
Breakfast Cleveland Leader.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

succulent ration before narrowing
with a predominance OF protein. the
pigs should be strong and healthy, arc
reach the teats without becomiGs
chilled.-Farm Journal
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25
PLAN FOR A HOG HOUSE.
Two-story Structure Comparatively
Easy to Construet-Second-Story
Used for Corn Storage.

The accompanying illustration shows
the ground plan of hog house. 24x50
feet. in use on the farm Of J. G. Palmer,
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

Feeding OF Brood sew.
II the SOW Is fed on q cooling OF
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1905-11-25

Written and illuminated works
That Were MarNels of skill and
ndWstry-An EIo-SHXOn Monks Orig
mated the Roman Letter.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1905-04-23
KEEP A-TOOTIN

.a8- s.gf it-s.e 1noter aad
8v aside soar horn there's No.
~ short days vi. know
VI @sgs born. The man who
A=zs r5ts..as tstlte nan vha
.eas Biz o4s an tha nan Who keeps
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Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1905-04-23
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VI &
Tse Rar1z Perrin debate - 8.
etal5~e. i na- aGlet HE auspices O.
sAae 5esa5sus.2a. The la. las been
sca.a4 - H. occasion 10 =zha parties
l.=e.z--.s. T4a Y VI {. A. IS deris.
see Q=.-= ee4ea#a from renting the
5tt - parties 10 #aa.to 4se ~
2'.sss-zt III.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1905-04-23

TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAY.
Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tab.
cts. All druggists refund the money
II it fails to cure. E. W Groves sig
nature is On each box 25c.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1905-04-23
Tr4T 5 DIFFERENT

aa fee r4 ho~ 8
- he 0::zr -
tie estt8E shas Always
ateaalazs Rlaa t..e
sst2 81 +, .e
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Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1905-04-23
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E.asta aaa#aaat IN 94.
feen A. - oa jocll