davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

only differs from that Of another, but
the boards cut from the first or lower
log of tree often differ very much
from those cut from a log taken from The
upper part of the same tree. The sap
wood differs from the heartwood and
the wood of the quickly growing tree
of the field or open from that OF the
mature tree of the forest.
The builder needs lumber in large
quantities and of large dimensions, and
puts comparatively little work on the
wood used, and for him the lighter and
softer woods are usually the best.
She cabinet maker, on the contrary,
puts a great amount of work on the
wood he uses, and requires that which
is hard and strong, with a grain Of more
or less beauty which will take a fine,
smooth finish.
Mahogany, walnut, oak sycamore.
cherry and maple are among the most
desirable woods for this purpose.
For our use in the beginning of our
practice it will be we'll and more help
full as a means of gaining experience
with the various tools TO begin work.
ing in the softer woods. such as white
pine, yellow poplar. Eastwood, redwood
or other easily cut wood.
While small and useful articles are
seldom made from any of these woods
it will be better to practice with the
saw, the chisel and the plane on such
material until some degree of proficiency
Is gained in their use than to attempt
the use of any of the harder woods at
first, and only succeed in doing the work
badly.
White pine is the ideal wood for this
purpose, having clear, firm. straight
grain, and being soft and light it works
smoothly and easily, affording a good
medium on which to practice and ac-
uuire skill in the art of woodworking.
Yellow poplar may also be used to adj
vantage, being slightly harder and more
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
YELLOWSTONE BUFFALOES.
Herd Started by the National Govern
ment Increasing Rapidly and
Doing Finely.

1.-THE buffalo herd in Yellowstone
park. started by the United States
government and during the past few
years very carefully watched to pre-
vent the death of the young, is in
creasing rapidly and will this year
number between 20 and 20 more ami
mails than year ago at this time"
states G. T.. Farrow, superintendent of
Yellowstone Park hotels. "The herd
is in excellent condition. 1t has win
tered we'll and the calves are growing
fast and appear to be sound and
str ng. Il has been the wish of the
90 eIAmGnt officers to increase the
herd until it resembles the old-time
herds which covered the western
prairies. The experiment of propagat-
ing the animals is definitely a success
and the army officers, upon whom the
work has largely devolved, are corre-
spondingly pleased. Maj. Pitcher, Of
the United States army, represents the
government in the park and is prac-
tically and officially the custodian of
the herd.
There is every promise that the
natural increase of the herd will add
20 more animals this summer. The
buffalo calves of last year survived
remarkably well and there is no rea-
son why the calves this year should not
meet equal success. The buffalo don't
need to struggle for living. Feed is
good, the valleys give them splendid
shelter and they have the pick of graz
ing lands over which to roam
THE other wild animals in the
Yellowstone are increasing in num-
Der. Elk and deer came down to the
Mammoth Hot Springs this winter in
large numbers and roamed around
within plain sight. The deep SHOWS
on the mountains forced them to
lower attitudes. They didn't seem to
mind the snow or cold and appeared
to be in the very best of shape. The
bears are of course asleep. They in
crease yearly and are one of the first
attractions to the tourists, since they
do not hesitate TO come into the open
where they may be seen. They are
mild hammered and inoffensive, bother
more with designs on the hotel gar
bage piles than Sith hostile opera
tions against mere men and women.
The garbage piles attract them every
night and they fight and quarrel and
talk bear politics over the empty
canned goods tins to the amusement
of thousands of people who annually
witness the banquets "down at the
dump"
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

II the log is large in diameter
some process is again repeated on ea'
of the two remaining triangular sec\
tions, each being again cut in two equal
halves-always radially-and two
boards are cut from each of the last
sawed sides of each section, as In the
short section of a larger log, shown In
Fig. 5.
Should the log be OF such diameter as
to allow II, the four remaining thin
triangular sections will again be halved
radially, as shown in the upper left hand
corner of Fig. 5. The boards, however,
as will be seen. become narrower each
time the triangular section is sawed
into two equal parts and their CONNER
cial value decreases greatly when I'M
der six inches in width The first of the
two boards cut each time will be radial
and almost exactly in line with the silver
glints of the medullary rays.
These will be Al in quality and in
figure. The second boards will be moro
or less out of line with regard TO the
medullary rays. and will show the sill
vel blihlo DuI III hiOiS OASNA
recurring numbers, and for many pur-
poses, especially for small or narrow
pieces, these second boards will show
a more beautiful figure, although
smaller, than the first. The first board,
with its large glints, is the finest wood
for large surfaces, such as the tops OF
tables, large panels and drawer fronts.
Figs. and will explain why
Guarter-sawed boards are more expen-
sive than the common sawed lumber
shown in Fig. 2, requiring as it does
more time and labor and being more
wasteful of the wood. The last thin
triangular pieces of all are usually sawed
into squares of various sizes as indicated
in the lower right hand corner of Fig.
5, which are used for table legs, stair
banisters, and other purposes. This
again involves labor and there is still
much waste as compared with the COM
mon method of plain saving as shown
in Fig. 2.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

wood or cottonwood which, although
light, soft and close grained, is SO east
ly affected by the moisture and dryness
of the surrounding air, and warps and
winds TO such a degree, even while be-
ing worked as to be almost useless for
our work, and indeed for almost all me-
chanical purposes. 1t is, however, much
used for small, light boxes, cutter
dishes, and also for paper pulp.
Structure of Woods.
While it is not our intention, in
series OF practical articles on wood
working, TO enter into discussion OF the
structure and growth of the timber out
of which our lumber and boards Of diff
ferent sizes are cut, yet few remarks
on the manner in which the logs are
sawed and the advantage of each method
will be necessary to an intelligent un-
derstanding of the principles which un-
derlie the use of woods in the construc-
tive, useful and ornamental arts.
For this purpose it will be necessary
TO examine a cross section cut from a
small tree or branch, as shown in Fig. l.
1t will be seen that the center is occu-
pied by the pith. which is composed
almost entirely of cellular tissue, and
around which we find a succession Of
woody rings. each ring representing one
years growth, or the Yearly addition
to the diameter of tAa tree.
On the outside Of the annual rings Of
wood we find the bark, which is COM
posed mostly Of long. fbrous tissue.
A further examination will also show
a series of vertical walls of cellular tis-
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

firm under the cutting edge Of the tool
than pine.
The sapwood, or the outer edge OF the
board, is nearly white. while the heart
wood is usually of a brownish yellow
color. Poplar is more readily affected
by the moisture or dryness of the at
mosphere than pine, but takes the vari-
Gus stains in imitation of walnut, ma
hogany and other expensive woods bet
ter than pine.
Eastwood is also good wood for the
beginner TO use. II is light. soft, close
grained and very easily worked. 1t has
the advantage over pine and poplar OF
being quite tough, bends easily, and is
not so liable to split in mailing. Like
poplar, the sapwood is nearly white.
but the heartwood is of a very light
brown color.
Yellow poplar and Eastwood must not
be confused with the so-called white
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

Instructor in Woodworking and Pattern
Making, Armour Institute of Technology.
Chicagol
Copyright. 1904, by Joseph +. Bowles)
Before beginning our instructions
In the practical use of tools for the work
ing of woods we wish TO impress on the
minds of parents or others hav-
ing the direction of the work the neces-
sity of the beginner doing more or less
work with the tools, one tool at a time,
until the feeling of the tool in the hand
is familiar TO the user and until he has
gained such control of the tool that it
will through his hands, become the
servant of his will, and so carry out his
thought and his wishes that his plans
and his work will be success.
1t requires long and continued prac-
tice to become even moderately pro-
ficient in any of the practical arts, and
yet with the beginning in woodworking,
and too often with those having the
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
He Aint a-W0rrUn' None.

ne MN u-UOIITH HOH0.
Heedin' not the shadder,
Ne'r sighin' fer the sun,
Jim's thar restin quiet,
An he amt a-worryin' none.
Don't ever fear the future,
Ne'r set up nights-like me,
Gittin gray a-thinkin'
OF the trouble that's to be-
Don't look, with soul despairin',
Whar the empty tables spread,
Wonderin' if tomorrow
Will bring a crust o bread!
Don't hear, from lips ungrateful,
What makes the heart stand still!
The bitterest upbraidin'-
The words that cut an kill!
Don't walk in lonesome pathways
An fear the journeys end,
Reachin hand in darkness
Longin' to find a friend!
All's one to him forever
Whilst time an tides may GO
The sunshine, or the shadder,
The blossoms, or the snow.
An thinkin' of him, sleepin',
Thar, whar the quiet is,
/ find myself a sighin'
Fer rest as sweet as his
For he's heedin' not the shadders,
Ne'r sighin' fer the sum-
He's out thar, still an peaceful
An he amt a-worryin' none!
Atlanta Constitution.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
Lady Churchwardens.

The parish of Great Staughton, in
Hunts. is probably unique in the pos
session of two lady churchwardens.
Both ladies have served in this capacity
for several years, and no candidate of
either sex has been found to oppose
them. They do not collect the offerings
in person, delegating this office to sides
men, but they are assiduous in their
church duties. In the same village a
girl acts as postman and a woman is
often employed as telegraph messenger.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
Lover in a Dilemma.

young man." said the stern parent.
you have been making love to my
daughter!"
Yes, sir" admitted the trembling
wretch; 'but indeed l didn't mean it.
sir L"
Didn't mean it? Why. you scoup-
drel!"
"That is-er-that is, sir, do mean
it. love her devot-"
What? You presumptuous upstart
how dare you!"-Chicago Journal.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

warmth and light of the sun cause the
annual rings to grow thicker or wider
on the side most exposed to its rays.
The log having been quartered as
shown in Fig. 3, two boards are cut from
each of the two radial sides of each
quarter, as shown in Fig. 4.
The remaining triangular section is
now halyed or sawed in two equal pieces.
but always radially, or in direct line
with the medullary rays, and two boards
are sawed from the radial side only of
each piece, as indicated in the draw
ing. Gig. A.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
PeoDie Are Queer.

Call a girl a chick and she smiles; call
a woman hen and she bowls. Call a
young woman witch and she is pleased;
call an old woman a witch and she is in
dignant Call girl kitten and she
rather likes it; call woman a cat and
she hates you. Women are queer.
If you call a man gay dog it will fiat
ter him; call him pup, hound, or a
cur and he will try to alter the map of
your face. He doesn't mind being called
a bull or bear, yet he will object to be-
ing mentioned as calf or cub. Men
are queer, Took.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
Pointed Paragraphs.

It's easy to convince spinsters that
kissing is unhealthy.
Nine times out of ten when man buys
a horse he is Sold
A much admired girl does not always
make an admirable wife.
An old bachelor says that fool and
his money are soon welded.
A woman's pronunciation of depot de-
ponds upon her station in lfe.-Chicago
News.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

sue extending radially from the pith
toward the bark. These are called pith
rays, or medullary rays. Cabinet
makers speak of these rays as the
lights, or silver grain, of the wood,
In some woods, as oak and sycamore,
they are large, while in maple. cherry
and beech they are small, and in many
woods these silver grains are too small
to be seen with the naked eye.
This brief study Of the log brings us
to a practical application of this knowl-
edge in the cutting or saving of the
log into boards and plank. The COM
mon method is to slightly fiatten, or
slab. the log on it's under and upper
sides. and then to saw it through and
through into boards. as shown in Fig 2.
Pine. poplar, Eastwood and, indeed, all
our common sawed boards and planks
are cut in this way.
Quarter Saving.
If, however, we wish TO show the
beautiful silver grains formed by the
medullary rays, such as are seen in
quartered oak or quartered sycamore,
the log must be quartered- sawed-that
is. the log is first sawed into quarters
directly through the heart or pith. as
shown in Fig. 3.
These four quarters or sections are
always very unequal in size. as the heart
or pith is seldom if ever, in the CEN
ter of the tree, for the reason that the
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
A LESSON IN
MANUAL TRAINING
PRACTICAL POINTS FOR BOYS
WITH AMBITION AND
GENIUS.

First Article on Woodworking-Be-
ginner Should Start on Soft Woods
characteristics of Different
Woods-Practice with Tools Need
ed Before Making Things-Meth-
DDS of Saving Logs.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
On the Defensive

Mrs. White-What are you going to
wear to the inaugural ball?
Mrs. Black-I'm having a net gown
covered with cut steel spikes. It's the
latest fad for crush entertainments
Detroit Free Press.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

direction of his work, whether teacher
or parent. the wish is to begin at once
to make some desired article. Such
course cannot be successful, for the
training of the hands for manual work.
as the training of the mind in mental
and cultural education, must begin with
the rudiments. and be carried on pro-
gressively until the mind and hands
become familiarized with the various
processes necessary for constructive
work.
Hence in a series of elementary and
progressive articles on woodworking
such as these will be, we must insist
that each tool taken up and each step
given in its use be followed out patient
ly and persistently until the work ac-
cOmplished is at least fairly we'll done.
While the instructions and directions
given will be especially designed for the
young. we hope that, while making them
exceedingly simple and plain, they will
prove 10 be so broad as also TO interest
parents and others in this attractive
work.
Woods.
While wood is the most plentiful,
widely useful and also the most general
~ used of all constructive materials,
it is doubtful if there is any other OF
which so little is known practically re-
garding its structure and the adapta-
bility of different kinds of woods to diff
ferent purposes. Wood of one kind not
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
DIRECTORY.
County Oiiicers.

Circuit Judge. ----.-.--- John r Cart Cassopohs
Stenographer, Harvey A. sherman, Paw Paw
Judge of Probate, ------ David Anderson, Paw Paw
Prosecuting Attorney r. Nj. Chase Paw Paw
Sheriff, John II Brtton, Paw Paw
County Clerk c. Mosier, Paw Paw
Register of Deeds, --- Milton l.. Decker Paw Paw
County Treasurer, ---.-- Daniel NJ. Allen, Paw Paw
Circuit Court Commissioners,
Oran w. Rowland, Paw Paw
Fred G. Cogshall, South Haven
County Surveyor, Warren IL. Goss, Bangor
County Commissioner of Schools,
Elmer A. Asetine Paw Paw
County Drain Commissioner
Herbert L. McElheny, Gobleville
Coroner. John X. Gifen Bangor
Secretary of Superntendents of Poor,
NJ. ID. Buskirk, Paw Paw
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
Railway Bills Killed.

A couple OF bills affecting railroad
companies which have ,been generous
ly discussed during the past two
months have been put to sleep by the
senate conIittee on railroads. One of
these was Senator Cooks mea sure,
which had the endorsement OF the
state association of manufacturers. II
provided for reciprocal demurrage
charges, as opposed to the present sys-
TEN OF giving the companies the whip
hand in this regard. AS matters now
stand the shippers are heavily penal
lied If they hold car longer than
specified time but the companies can
delay the shippers for weeks and
cause the loss Of orders of great value
without being held accountable in any
manner or subject TO any penalty.
The other bill which went to sleep in
the senate committee was the Simpson
bill, passed by the house, which made
the companies common carriers of live
stock. The bill giving the right of
eminent domain to electric railway
companies. thus placing them on an
equal footing with the steam roads in
this regard. has been passed by both
houses. In view of the passage of
this measure, prominent legislators are
agitafing the question Of requiring
all railroads. both steam and electric,
to maintain farm crossings in all cases
where rights Of way across farms are
coDdpmupd
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19

highest number of votes east at the
election AT which the question is sub
mitted. Other proposed amendments
provide for n small specific tax on real
estate mortgages. and legalize the use
of voting machines. Inasmuch as in
very RECEIPT decision the supreme
court of this state upheld the constitu.
tlonality OF the use of voting machines,
the necessity for the latter amendment
IS not apparent
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-05-19
BY JAMES RITCHEY.

Instructor in Woodworking and Pattern
Making, Armour Institute of Technology,
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1905-11-03
TWENTY-FIVE STATES
REPRESENTED at National Meeting
of A. S. of E., Recently Held
at Indianapolis.

j. w. Dunn, president ofsthe ..Da'
yiess county union A. 5. Of E.; S.
B. Robinson, vice-president of the
national Tobacco Growers Associa-
ton, and Watt Taylor, of Ohio cOun-
ty. returned last Thursday from In
dianapolis, where thew attended the
national meeting of the American
Society Of Equity.
twenty-five states were represent
ed at the convention by about 100
delegates. Much business was trans
acted.
The question of pooling crops and
the fixing Of prices were the most
important matters before the con-
vention. J. A. Everett was re-elect-
ed president and II. +. Sherman
National organizer.
The following minimum prices were
fixed on various commoditions:
Corn, 80 cents; oats Is cents; hay
SO; hogs six and cne-half cents;
cattle from to 6 cests.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1905-11-03
Address, TIP'T0P HEATH MINING & MILLING co"
PRESCOTT, ARIZONA.

solid rubber tires exposed, and it is
thought that the latter will remove
the difficulty of getting over the
surface of loose, shisting sand with
out becoming imbedded so deeply as
to impede progress. To prevent the
fine grit working into any part of
the mechanism the entire underbody
is protected by an ingeniously devils
ed apron.
Either kerosene or gasolene suits
the engine equally well, and owing
to the character of the country to be
traversed provision has specially been
made for a three days supply of
cooling and drinking waiter, as well
as fuel. The change speed gear
gives a range of from three to twen-
ty miles an hour. The car will, in
addition, haul a two-wheel trailer,
very similar to a gun carriage, upon
which will be mounted a dynamo and
searchlight, to be run from the car
engine. This will be used for night
observations in the desert. Without
the searchlight carriage weight of
the car is close to 5000 pounds.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1905-11-03
Auto REPLACES Camel.

As the the results Of an automobile
on the desert, a novel car has just
been completed for the use Of the
Sirdar of Egypt, whowill use it on
the vast sandy stretches Of the Sud
an. The motive power consists of a
twenty-horse-poWer, three-cyiinder
vertical engine with a Renold silent
chain Transmission. The wheels are
entirely ipclosed by light metal side
r'o,eg Lei rnc'hinC but the broad
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1905-11-03

level on which they dwell, says the
Baltimore American.
Who but the French would
solve the problem of the broiled
outlet, without gas, spirit or fuel
of any sort, and only with the
newspaper of the day before. 1t
will be readily guessed that there
must.be IN apparatus of peculiar
ingenuity TO enable the cooking of
4 outlet with newspaper, and so
there is. There is II little pan of
aluminium, made To iii beneath an
other pan. also of aluminium. The
paper, torn into strips. is burned
IN the lower pan, and in the upper
pan is the outlet. The thin metal
nbsorbs the heat quickly and com.
plPtcly, and when the paper has
been consumed the outlet has
been Drowned tOa nicetv and
coO.icd sufficiently. The iced mel.
on, the salads and the bread for
the menu may, of course. be pro
duccd in the summer time without
any cookery. and fruit of one kind
or another are generally abund-
ant. The heat from the little alu.
minum cOntrivancc is economical
and concentrated in the steak. and
does not raise the surrounding
temperature to any appreciabIe
degree.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1905-11-03
Wonderful.

80 you had your palm read by a
palmist?" interrogated the tramp by
the water tank.
Yes, pard," replied his chum of
the ties, and it was wonderful how
he could tell fortunes. | asked him
what ! needed de most. of all in dis
world"
What did he say?"
Why, he looked at me palm and
said: A cake of soap.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1905-11-03
Going Some.
Ligl tening sure acts strange.
.sN..o''

Ligl tening sure acts strange"
"Yes?"
yes a streak Of it came in our
kitchen door yesterday, struck two
chairs and the table, ran around the
dining room, up the stairs, tore
through every upstairs room, and
finally went out of the window. !
ucarl died laughing
You must have thought it was
funny"
Yes, it remonded me Of how ia
acts when grandma is after him.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1905-11-03
Marry or STAY in Jail.

In some parts of Siam girls who
reach a certain age without mar.
rying are placed in a privileged
class, under the special care of the
king, who binds himself to find
husbands for them all. His meth.
I'D is simplicity itself. a prisoner
in any of the Siamese jails may
gain pardon and release by mar.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1905-11-03
COOKERY IN THE SUMMER
Hint from Paris" Tells How to Man
ipulate Device and Prepare Meal
with Paper as Fuel.

From Paris there comes news
Of household invention-an in
yention pertaining especially to
the five or sixroom nat-that will
he M interesting bit of news 10
many dwellers in the towns who
have to solve the cookery problem,
and yet are studying to mod.
i!v the temperature of the floor