davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1905-06-30
CHAPTER Xxx.

LaAtte. while waiting for Baptistine
to return with implements for making
u grave. left Shapiro 10 look after the
prisoner. and drew Barbe aside In or
der to question here more closely.
He was, after hearing what she had
to say. convinced that she was not
mistaken In her statement, although
there were no papers-nothins In the
way OF further identihcation-found
upon the dead man.
Barbe acquicsced readily In Laftte's
decision that Rose dc Cazeneau
should never be told the truth.
Great was the disgust of Shapiro
and the two men who returned with
Baptistinc when they found that II
was Lafitte's wish TO bury the Eng
iishman. as well as Zency. Even Bap-
tistinc's black brows went up In sur
prised disapprovai which he wisely
rcfrained from putting into words.
The dead were soon laid IN the
hastily prepared graves: the earth
was shovcicd over them. and some
pieces OF fallen trees placed above. To
guard against any disturbance from
Genizcns OF the woods.
In tho sunset.bnthcd clearing. Bnp.
tistinc stood near Laiittc as the latter
gave Shapiro some parting orders.
He vas to take the English sailor to
the ncishborhood Of In Tcics dcs
Faux. and let him md his way from
that point to his comrades.
Il was comparatively early when La
il,te's party. weary from the excite
men, Of the day and the fatigue of
their long march through the woods.
bctook themselves gratefully to such
accommodations as BaptiStinc's small
craft afforded for rest and sleep.
The night had closed In darkiy ms
the boat slipped away beneath tho
rtariisht. made DINNER by the wall.
Ing forest lining either bank Of the
bayou.
I, was some time after this that
Latte. while picking his way along
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1905-06-30
Live Poultry.
Butter.

Elgin market ........... 20
Crcamcrics. extra. Colo. Il
Crcamerics. extra eastern Il
Crcamerles. firsts. Colorado
and eastern ............ lS
Process and renovated
goods. ID. ........... IL
Dairy. choice. lb. ...... lG
Dairy. medium grade .... II
Packing stock, fresh .... 13@ II
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1905-06-30
Grain.

Wheat. choice milling. per 100 lbs.
si.55. Rye. Colorado. bulk. per 100 lbs.
S5c. Oats. bulk. Nebraska. new. white.
Sl.l2: mixed. si.i0; In sack. Colorado.
white. sl.lS. Corn. In bulk. s6c. Corn
chop. sacked. sI.03. Bran. Colorado.
per 100 lbs. si.OO.
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1905-06-30
/ HHAFITTE ~
j.! Il0UELANA
=, e,'''"'i""' Society MARY PEvEREUx
~ ILLUSTRATIONS WILSON
N9s~z1Ae ssfC
ss-3rD

Oa7~s51s E2o2 ~ <iA& A-r~g sV coza,o3
CzN Rsks Res-ssO
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1905-06-30
Hay.

Upland. per ton. sii.oodii.5 sec
ond bottom. s9.5OI 1850: timothy.
Sii.OOTl5.0O: timothy and clover.
$4,000 1900: alfalfa. prime. sG.o0Sp
CSC: straw. si.00d 500: South Park
wire grass. siG.5On 1900.
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1905-06-30
Hogs.
Sheep.

Comparative Receipts
Month To June .5a ........... 6.193
Same period last year ........ $3.50
Decrease, :.i5i
Year to date .ll5.JT:
Same period last year ........ S:.a3I
Increase, j.i3s
The following quotations rcprcscnt
the prices paid on this market for fat
sheep.
w.thcrs. mu,tonH tHhornJ .si.:5di.7s
Y.arIIngA tEhornJ ........ i.15db.2S
Ewes, muttons ,Hhornb -. i.OOsfi.5D
Lambs ,woolcdD .......... G.5Od6.75
I.ambs lEhornl ....... 5.2Ssf5.7s
Stock sheep. ............2.5O sou 100
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
Personals and Briefs.

Mrs. Bette g: ,Maury has returned from
q ten days visit to Norfolk.
Rev. j. w. Mitchell supplied Sunday at
Paramount Baptist Church. Rev. ]. Lacy
tioge filled the pulpit ut night.
Rev Byron Clarke, OF Baltimore. Md,
is supplying at. Grace Street Presbyterian
Church. He is at present the guest Of
Dr. ]. Hall Moore on Ninth Street
Rev. Mr. McCnslin is supplying for Or.
Egglcston at the Third Presbyterian
Chui I'll.
Miss Maude Moring. who has been at
tending Massey Business College, has
returned to her home, Moran, Va, for
a short stay.
Mrs. II. j, Rippon and family are
visiting friends at Cape Charles, Eastern
Shore They will return home September
18th.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. P. Giles have returned
from a two weeks sojourn at Mountain
Lake.
The Chickahominy Indians. Chief Will
liam II. Adkins, held a most enjoyable
picnic and fish-fry on the Chickahomlny
River Saturday night. the 18th Instant
nrt which delicious edibles were served,
All report a fine time.
Miss Minnie p. Fox, OF NO. I'LL west
Clay Street left Sunday morning for q
months visit to friends In Widewat or ana
Quantlco. "a .sls4 s3. '5S5, -,
Miss Julia Edmonds left last night to
visit relatives at Brevard NJ. c.. where
she will spend the month Of August.
Miss Hall leaves Richmond to-day Tor
a months stay near Portland, Me.
q Mr. C. M. Knox has returned to the
city, after a ten days visit In Orange,
Va.
Miss Elizabeth King leaves to-day at
2 r. M. to visit near Charlottesville, Va.
Miss Katie Smith, No. 10l East Grace
Street, leaves to-day on a visit to friends
In Fluyanna county .5t
Mr.. and Mrs. John Hunter leaves to-
day to visit In Louisa county.
Miss Elizabeth Maury. from Danville.
Va, is spending a few days In the city
visiting relatives.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
.HEADLONC INTO CAR !;
INSTANTLY KILLED.
Negro Youth Meets Death While {.
Riding Bicycle Sun
day.

Isaiah Watkins. a thirteen-year-old negro
hoy. was killed Sunday afternoon by dashing-
into n Clay Street car He was riding bicS-
cle. and the evidence before the coroner's jury
showed that he could not stop the whecl ana
that the accident was no lault oi VIC tii'''o ~
In charge Of the car .,., ,,,.,or
Isaiah watkins, In company with anotner
negro bow was riding at rapid rae Oh SPEECH
down Henry Street. West-bound Gay street
car No. 2e3 had crossed Henry street u as,
Al full sneed tho boy ran his wheel aga!nst
the running board OF the wcst-bound car; WIN WIN
hrop handle bars attached to the "neeis UNIV
the rate at which he was going, ms heaa WIS a
thrown against the iron side OF the plauorn
Of the car and MS Skull iTactu co. $3.50 =
almost instantaneous. ~ o,,.
The wheel was caught between the seats.
and It and the boy were carried some aistu nv,
before the west-bound car couid stop : ny nv
east hound car passing. struck the rear "hee1
Of the bicycle and threw the boy around 20
the street. " rootod nv tbe
accident and a crowd quickly gathered. Cor
nncr Tnylor was called at once, anu aiIer ~
n mining the body ordered 1t removed. ~ was
taken 10 Prices undertaking 'csta olisnn'eh''
where the jury say It yes YER coron e Office
Yesterday. tho two motormcn ana conductors
fC; d, Duncan was lnotorman OF tho west
hound car Into which tho boy ran ms whee'
L. NJ Luck was the conductor. ~ w oe@ NJ
r, Bell was rnning enst- bound car NO -o'' a''e
!. his conductor was a. c. Grooms.
MANY witnesses were examined py the col
q oncr's iury, and they were unit IN eHI'ess s
inr the belief that tho accident was an IN
avo!dnble and that me tho .d .rec3 ,va,
rs,urnad The case will be heard IN Foiict
to.day
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
EIGHT-HoUR DAY.
Carpenters Will Soon Maks Re
ouest for Shorter Hours.

Carpenters of the city are formulating a
request to DO made Of the con tors that
an cight-hour schedule be innugurated by
the 18th Of August. The pay Tor a nine
hour day It Is said, will be asked. for at
the same time that the, petition x for the
cight-hour day Is presented tm X.
4 Definite action upon the question will DO
taken BY the unions, 1t Is believed, this
week. and the demands VIII be submitted
to tho contractors. f2slI las
contractors there seems 10 be little doubt
Many of the larger contractors have al.
ready put in bids for the construction Of
the hypothesis that labor would be as
cheap as 1t has been, or, In other words.
that the request or demand for shorter
hours al the same wages would be made
ing the contractors an opportunity 10
make their calculations accordingly.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
JOHNSON DEALS
'RAC[sDE:.A||TA.|' BLOW On
ESTES Proclamation, Declaring
THAT Pool Selling Will Not
Be Permitted.
GRAND CIRCUIT 81 /. ABANDONED AZ Al . o. e
Announcement Created Great
CONSERVATION Among Horse y
menin Cleveland. d
(By Associated Press.)

.4r5ss4.i az Icy ASSOClHl Leu f-IeSsD taafGHAlr
4 CLEVELAND, OHIO, July 3l-The
grand circuit races, which were to have
started hero to-day, wcro declared ore
after the proclamation Of Mayor T ON u.
Johnson that pool selling would not be
permitted, This announcement at the
list moment created CONSERVATION among
horsemen and the members Of the Cleve-
land Driving Park Associat ton.
EARLY to-day tho police notified Secre.
tary Dietrich, OF the association, thai
pool selling would not be pcrmIstedt:h r Y,
and Nj consolation race, which was UNI
Finished at and abandon tG n,eot
rnInp To Bilffalo and elsewhere. and some
Remaining at Chenille to work out
5'rhe third heat Of tile unfinished M. and
NJ. consolation purse, 2:2i, untinishel at
Detroit, was won by Miss-n-Law Time,
2:1l IA. Getaway, second, and Emily
Lacher third 4, I,
INQUIRY Indicates the Glenvillc track
will be allotted into building lots.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
LILLY WHITES" TO WIN.
Likely That Colored Republicans
Will Not Attend Convention.

The fact that City Chairman il M. Ell
lett of the Republican Committee has
called mass convention Of the party In
this city for Thursday, August Sd, at noon,
Is being vigorously criticised by some
Republicans. Tho meeting Is to be held at
Johnson's Hall on North Foushee Street.
The action Of the chairman is regarded as
likely to reopen the old factional breach
in the local party ranks. 1t is commended
that at this hour few Of the substantial
men Of the party can attend, and the few
who may be idle Or able to get off at that
unusual hour would dominate the conven-
ton. Richmond Is entitled to only six or
seven delegates to the State Convention at
Roanoke, August 8th.
Another interesting development In the
Republican situation Is the agreement on
the part OF many of the colored Republic
cans of this city to refrain from paartici-
patton in tho convention. This action is
due to the proposition of the dominant
faction to make the convention as nearly
white body as possible. Many Of the
colored voters will participate in the selcc:
tion Of delegates. however.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
TRY 1T AGAIN.
Norfolk Not Pleased at Way the
Richmond Team Drubbed Them.

y Norfolk is far from satisfied with the druo-
bling given It's baseball nine by the Cnainpison
brownies some days ago, and that city by tho
sen VIII to-day send an aggregation OF Dali :
ologlsts here that will at least make 1t inter-
csting for the spectators The game Is sched-
uled for go o'clock.
Tho team coming here Will be stronger otlc
than was pitted against the Chnmpions OF INC
State at the Norfolk games, The brownies
won three straights from the Colleglans on
strange grounds, and the members OF inc nine
are confident OF no ding their own Win INC
grand stand yelling for then
Norfolk's nino viii be given q reception nero
that will be greatly different from inc rscep
tlon rendered the Richmond players III Nor !.
folk Several OF the ayers for the Brownies
" ere insulted by the men In the tbieechers 1T
Norfolk and once or twice " looked IKE 4, y y
rough and tumble fight would result from inc ~
There Is ono peculiar thing about the Rloh.
mond fans-they applaud a good play y
makes no difference to the man IN the grahu
stand whether the play was made ny player
on the home team whether q VISITOR e*
ecuted It, Good baseball Is all that Is wanted
and the crowd Is fair, yet. mt the same tlihe'
It may be truthruly said that Richmond con- p.
tain smore real critics than any other cry IN
the state. They won't be fooled IN the game la.
for half OF those who pay TO see tne saie'
know when good ball Is being played.
Hulcher or Leake will do the tw'rilng to-uhs .
Crawford will be, used In one OF me tnre .e
games The Brownies will send about the SANS
team to bat that played In the previous games NOS
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
BIG CROWD THERE.
People Will Generously Pat
ronize Policemen's Picnic. "

II there be good weather Tomorrow a crowd
the like OF which has not been seen ut picnic
around Richmond for years Will attend tho first
annual outing of the Police benevolent Assoc
citation at Westhainpton Park. All the ar
rangcments have been completed for the picnic.
Every policeman In the city who can possibly
attend will be present A majority OF the city
OFFICIALS will go out. and those who cannot re-
main all day are arranging their plans so that
they will be there In time for the dinner that
Is to be served. S
Tickets for the picnic are selling rapidly.
The three newspapers in the city have had the
tickets on sale at their business offices for sew.
cral weeks. and many merchants have con-
re ntcd to dispose of MS manytas possible.
Tho fund from the picnic Will go into the
treasury Of the Police Benevolent Association
from which comes the salary paid to each dis
abled officer OF the force.
The Passenger and Power Company Will mali
tain n twenty minute schedule after II o'clock
the Westhampton cars leaving Robinson Stree
and Floyd Avenue. l9st+s. & I5g.,.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
TOBACCO SALES.
Exchange Will Be Opened Again
Observation-Disclosures Report.

NIcssrs L. B. Vaughan and Company,
proprIctors of Crenshaw Warehouse, say
in their monthly tobacco report. just
issued Our market closed strong, espe-
cInlly on wrappers. which have shown up
in very small proportion. There were
sold on tobacco exchange to date b,73O
PACKAGES, aggrcgating 1.7Ss,9l8 pounds, as
against 4,499 packages sold during tho
same time last season-about 1881 pack
ages Increase, We think the growing
crop Is a full and fine one, now on Its
two-thirds time post from planting TO the
barn, one hundred days being tho average
length of tmo In the field or life of the
plant. OF course, much Will depend on
the home stretch to the barn. and to tho
curing and handling, Sun-c,red tobacco
is increasing In the demand and favor
It's fine qualities SO justly deserve The
best evidence OF which Is tho fact that the
United States navy prefers this over
all other kinds.
Sales will be resumed to-day on the
exchange. There will be large number
of packages to sell, and there Will be
many planters here to look after their
sales
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
OLD HOME MEETING
At EPA [ ] ). CHURCH CHI.
"A Gathering in Essex County
j Marked BY Delightful
Features.
(specinlto rho Tlmcs-Dispatch.)

(specialt to rho Times D spat ch.) h
1a GSa slIh ,,ptI ta
Church onSsunday, the Both instant, was
a great success In numbers rs well MS IN
religious zeal and friendly greeting, There
was perhaps the largest gathering eyer
ner was served on tho tables In the grove
OF oaks, and such was the hearty vel.
come extended by the members to al!
that none went away hungry. The spread
the best that field and garden and Or
chard, as we'll us the river could supply.
Rev. Mr.. kerford, the minister =, N
charge. conducted the exercises. L, me u
tive exercises Of the days programme.
Miss Elizabeth Y Crenshaw,. Of Forts ls;.
mouth, end Miss Winston, OF 81. Fay.
.nfs1d so ns conn %s
posed OF the Phillips brothers and Misses
Crenshaw and Ware, rendered a lovely
seleetion Mr. = Coulter. Of inc
dreas IN the ornng takng a. his sub sub
There was ''men's meeting In the
grove Immediately after dinner, and q
ladies meeting" an the church at tho
Tho afternoon service consisted Of de-.
sllghtful short speeches BY the older mem
7 bers Of the church, and By some from
Ephesus.# Mrs. Fannie Bngby, OF West
Point, delivered an Interesting address.
and the early history OF the origin and
growth OF the church By Mr. r. G. Phil
lips OF rappahannock, and an address
BY Hon. William Campbell. along tho
same line. were both entertaining and In
structve.
The church was organized in 1874. and
Rev, Mr.. Evans. the father OF Judge
Brown Evans, OF Middlescx. was the first
Rey Moward Montague the
was the next pastor. and remained In the
faithful service until 1865. The late Rev.
many years Mrs Fanny Bagby. OF West
Point. and Mrs. R. W. Euhank. Of this
county, are daughters OF Mr.. Scott. and
are both very jealous In church work
Among the whiting members were Dr.
George Oliver, OF 1rvtnston. and Mr..
these gentlemen delivered touching litt..
addresses. replete with "reminiscences OF
their early years
Judge Thomas E. Blnkey. OF Tappahan-
n Ileyds Jedse Il Sev6 nHna of Mon
tague. were among the many present
from other sections OF the county, and
DR.. B. P. Wright, OF Upper. Essex. Much
credit Is due to Mr.. w. j. Phillips. OF
Tappahannock for this delightful meet
ing OF the present and former members
ALL and the ladies OF the church accepted
his plans and nobly did their part In pro-
vtding a 'repast for such q large gather
ing. g{
Rev. Mr.. Kerford will probably attend
the seminary at Louisville this fall, and
in consequence offer his resignation Of
the passionate.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
VIRGINIAN LYNCHED.
Jacob Clare Was Charged With
Swindling Cowboys.
lSpe clal to The Times DIspa tch.l

was received here to-day that Jacob
Glare, a lawyer and former practitione
at the Tazewell bar, had been lynched
In North Dakota by cowboys a few
days ago for swinding. 1t is rumorcd
that Glare had engaged in some kind Of
land scandal and had succeeded in
swndling number Of cowboys. He
was arrested and Jailed for the offcnse:
but the cowboys fearing that he would
not receive Justice at the hands Of the
law broke the jail and took the prisoner
out and dealt with him in true Western
style. !,
nected, but bore the reputation Of being
very cunning in his dealings. It Is
said that Glare was arrested and jailed
here for a similar offense when he prac-
tlced here about fifteen or twenty years
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
ATTACKS PRIMARY.
Pastor spooner Vigorously De-

Pastor OPOolleA ~ 'No''
nounces "Political Lawlessness.
From the text my Kingdom Is Not OF
This World" John 1896 Rev. George II.
snooner, pastor of Broad Street Nj. y.
! Church. preached sermon sunday nlgnt
IN the political situation growing out OF
,ho late Democratic primary here. Caus-
tic, sarcastic and full OF scanning
,nvcctive, he invoked the power ana CON
science Of the people to stand lor 'hc
right and to put down SUCH conVictlohs
OF political rottenneas as have IN inc
last few days been brought 10 i's i''
Blot On Record.
"Polltital lawlessness Is a blot on our
record and 4 menace to our sA1eaSi;,, ~ =
ont to suppress a mob that wanted 70
take the law In it's own HANDS; q court
in regular session guarded BY mtlitla III
or W the y public money and taking graft
In open defiance to decency and hon
esty; and now the astounding propossitttonn n
Is m1 fSees that c frGm guil The rsh
of the free citizen to express his VII
at the polls Is guarantee or Ing me con on
stiuGn and TO fa hnEe ra nat is a also his
rieht: and. further. the will Of the ma,
jority is the law OF Democr9cy and II
that viii r Is pnduy per rshts Te d HG
nrately plnn and wilfully execute such
a plan, and boldly assert ones riEh h
to intaTpret the lay 10 suit ms WISHES
laws and institutions. The love OF, mon;
ey the ambition to r,se aHu the s puSc
mind to the sanctity OF, the law and
dcafens It's ear to the authoritative voice
Of the court in which alone otrnc y vested
IF the pulpit Is not to deal Win
civic righteousness and exalted citizen
shin as brought about ut, BY the ta poTSePP
Certain papers condone this crime ana
call ii ian lndiscretion. but what De,
fence OF law and propagation OF moral
P Rev ' William Eoq H g. Evans b. D.. rector Of
Monumental Episcopal Church. preached
his farewell sermon Sunday prior TO
leaving for his vacation
The service was in the nature OF an
anniversary review OF his five years
pa storatc. In referring to the work ac-
.omplished since he had become rector,
he said tina, three hundred and fifty
members had been admitted to member
snip in the church, In mentioning the
late DR.. Fenner s, Stickney in connec-
ton with the history OF the church, he
said that 1t WAS under DR., Stickney
that the first surp!ce choir was organ
tied In this city.
The church Is in prosperous coRdl-
ton both spiritually and financially.
Or, Evans Will return from his vacation
by September list
Rev r. A. Cave, pastor Of Third Chris
tian Church, who has been spending tht
summer since July 9Th in Westville
Mathews county, was present again in tn
pulpit of Third Christian Church. Hi
subject was "An Apostles Greeting"
upon the urgent request Of his congre
CATION Mr.. Cave has decided 10 Withdraw
his resignation, handed IN last June
ua left sunday afternoon to join hi
fsmily, who are spending the summer u
nRose Hnl," Louisa, the home OF hi
father, Rev. T. W. Cave. He will resum
his duties September 1st
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
Personals From the Hospitals,

Mr.. Holmes, Of WinchesAer, underwent
an operation yesterday at the.s Virginia
Hospital and Is getting along .nicely,3s25sf
Mrs. Campbell, Of Richmond, who has
able to leave Yesterday =
Drs. Stuart MCGUIRE and v. ~. Tay-
lor leave tomorrow on q vacation. ~,
Mr.. Junius Leigh, who has been W
Is about the same.
MIR. Palmer Leigh, who for several
weeks has been III at the Memorial Hos
pital with typhoid foyer, Is steadily I'M
Mr. Allenss1Iope. who Saturday night
was taken to the Memorial Hospital with
an eye knocked out as result OF
horsc's kick, Is doing nicely.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01

ing como in on Norfolk and Western
train from Ivor, Suffolk and neighboring
points on the main line of that road.
Another excursion from Petersburg
brought largo party. The visitors were
conspicuous In the Capitol Square, where
they practically monopolized the benches,
eating their 'snacks or chatting in
couples. In the colored section Of the
city also old Jackson Ward, hundreds
Of the visitors made their headquarters
Bands of music enivened the ward, and
altogether 1t was a great day in negro
circles. Tho visitors were generally or
derby and we'll behaved Almost all Of
them returned to their homes In the
evening E
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
Personal Liberty Run Riot,

The Richmond Times-pispatch is right
In saying that you can't soil pure
whiskey for five cents a glass and
the man who can't afford to buy pun,
whiskey ought not to be allowed tosbuy
any. II is folly TO contend that the flYe-
cent man has rights as well as the ten
cent man. but neither the fiye-cent man
nor the ten-cent man has any right to
take poison or Introduce the germs OF
fever into tho community Personal Lbs
ecly stculd not be permitted to run riot
In soc!ety.-.Farmyiile Herald,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-08-01
Peters3,Can Serve.

The fact that Grand Juror Robert Lee
Peters was witness for. one OF the cana.
dates Of the counti of!votes at MS precc.eilott
his Service as, ai1urorN according to the
statement of Judgel WittYand Common Comm n
wealth s-Attorneyll Richardson. u on the y,
contrary, his service; In no way disquail-
fies him FOR grand jury service, but rather
makes him more valuable. He may re !
witness before the grand jury as ror vel lle as
origina!ly summoned to tell what they
knew or suspected concerning violations
Of the laws. That,he served as watcher r
no way affects his entire qualification to