davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
NO NEED OF THESE HERo1NEs.

No one can deny the heroism OF the woman de-
scribed by Hope. in The Tribune. the woman
who tolls unremittingIy and without complaint
and performs the most mental drudgery; but,
somehow I am unable derive the satisfaction
that some other people do from the contemplation
of such life Heroines. indeed. are these women.
far beyond the yfctors OF the battlefield but their
beroisrn Is wasted Joan OF Arc tearing herself
10 shreds" 10 quote Kiping. over the petty cares
OF house kee ping is not pleasant spectacle, ana
there are ways in which z woman can serve her
dear ones" better thau by drudging for them
Phey were worthy OF all honor who perform the
6r1ldgerv where no better way be found,
but the thing Is not beautiful, and society ought
= sci about remedyng IL, Instead or INDUCING IN
MADE for better things than drudGerT. and have
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
HERorNEs IN THE HOME.

There are heroines in the home life Sometimes
II is a faithful daughter, bearing all the bur-
dens keeping things bright and CHEEKY for mother
and the other members OF the family. meeting the
pressing needs of everyday life and endeavoring
to make q small income go far possible. Of
ten she does all the work, losing at night, yet
never complaining, but always willing and ready
10 give a helping hand and pleasant word TO any
one Yet she is seldom appreciated; everything is
taken as matter OF course Still, she goes on her
way without seeing this, losing all thought OF self.
her only desire to do what will be best Tor all.
Thus she lives her life lovingly and sweety, her
face shining with the love that beams from "a
heart leisure from itself. TO soothe and sympa-
thize."
we all know them II.
NeW-Jersey.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
UPPER EAST SIDE PRoaLEM.

The Harlem Baptist Church in East 12sd-st.
whose pastor is the Rev Adam Chambers is ac-
complishIng wonders It has equipped a fine gym
nasiuIn, with complete apparatus and shower baths
This gymnasium "a used for regular class work and
has competent teachers. On Saturday afternoons
the Junior Christian Endeavor Society holds a large
gospel meeting for hour and then has an hour
Of play IN the gymnasium. For over a year now
boys and girls penny concerts have been he'd on
Tuesday nights with such marked success that the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
A NEEDY FAMILY.

A New-Jersey member makes an appeal in behalf
of a needy and most unfortunate family not lar
from Lakewood. The father is totally blind, the
mother an invalid and the daughter suffering from
some nervous disease that Is constant Athletic
The member who makes the request has done
what she could to relieve some urgent needs, pOt
there are necessities she cannot supply
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
GENERAL ITEMS OF THE WEEK.

At the Church of the Puritahs special Lenten
services will be continued next week. There will be
preparatory services on Wednesday evening, March
@. in the church. Tomorrow Dr.: C. ]. Young will
preach morning and evening; His morning theme
Nil Mil 6e on 4B Books the b syng he
the Pu6s Inception 0 q6 I % sTsn t Sa A aG4
render Gaafs Holy city By request ''
The Rev DR.. Charles J. Ryder. secretary Of the
American Missionary Association. New-York. start
ed South yesterday to deliver course Of lectures
in Atlanta TheologicaI Seminary and TO on
missionary TO Macon. Ga: Williamsburg. Ky;
T BaIe ra anq View fe nn IA Tat S M
bile. Ala and Talladega. Ala
Bishop Fowler gave his lecture on abraham
Lincoln" to audience Of six hundred in the Astor
Gallery of the Waldorf-Astoria on Friday night.
The lecture was given free by Bishop Fowler. the
proceeds going 10 the Beekman Hill Methodist Epis-
copal Church.
Bishop Greer will administer the rite OF conirma-
ton and preach at the IL o'clock service at st.
Marks Church. 10th-st. and 2d-ave., Sunday
morning In the evening at the 5 o'clock service
the Rev. DR.. Mcconnell, rector OF All Souls Church,
will preach
The next Chelsea Hotel dinner of the men Of
Ascension Parish takes place Thursday. March
O. at the Chelsea No. 222 West 2Sd-st. at o'clock
promptly Robert Hunter. Of the University Settle
created SO mUeh discussion; Cleveland Moffet
whose recent articles on The Shameful Misuse OF
and Evert Wendell. past and present master IN so
many Of ctys social and civic agencies for the
public good. viii speak.
At the West End Presbyterian Church the pastor
the Rev A. Edwin Keigwin, will preach morning
and evening The next communion season occurs
April , A communicating class has been conducted
in preparation and the preparatory service will be
March 81 4 series OF five Lenten musical ser
vices has been arranged for Sunday afternoons at
O'Clock Last Sunday Miss Zoe Cheshire. harpist
played and this Sunday Edwin 7. Rice. a well
known amateur. is play the vtooncellO- The
Rev William Bishop Gates will preach on God Is
More Than Father There will De special services
in Holy Week. in preparation for Easter. On Tues
day next the three boards OF the church. the ses-
sion. the deacOns and the trustees are to have a
second dinner given in honor OF the pastor The
rnidweek service is at o'clock Wednesday
evening These meetings are attended by from
to three hundred Strangers are cordially wei
coined.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
DOCS AND CHICKENS.

Old Subscriber: In answer TO your query TO
how to break a dog OF killing chickens. will say
that have broken many Of them in the following
simple way: Take two three chickens and
thoroughly sprinkle them with the hottest RED
pepper you can get then rub this in underneath the
feathers. Turn the fowls loose where the dog
may have access TO them and await results
New-YOrk March q, 1906. J. MEREDITH.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
FRoM AN INVALID

President Of the T. S. s.: wish 10 thank the
T. S. s. members for the generous manner in which
they have responded to my request for reading
matter. and to ask for the address OF the member
in The Bronx who sent me Funny Bones and
wished to have it returned. The address was
blotted I could not decipher IT. Again thank
ing you for enjoyment recaived, I remain, yours
gratefully THOMAS E HALPIN
No 2.65S sth-ave, New-York
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25

audience room Is longer large enough 70 accom-
mOdate the crowds that come and hereafter
meeting for the girls viii be held Monday nights
and for boys Tuesday nights
Mr.. Chambers contends that IL churches would
take OF the children in their neighbOrhoOds,
providing them with social life and amlIsements
well moral and spiritual instruction in the church
building. church in the city would ever die for
want or 4 congregation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
SPECIAL MUSIC.

81. Paul's Methodist Episcopal. evening Stainer's
cantata. The Daughter OF JaiTus'; Church OF
Divine Paternity. evening Spohr's cantata. God
Thou Art Great'': Church OF the Ascension. ?. m:
Church Of the Incarnation. D. m su'livan's ora
tOrio. The PrOdiga Son: Calvary Methodist Epis-
copal evening. Gounod's oratorio. The Redemp-
ton Grace Methodist Episcopal, evening monthly
musical service. from Haydns Creation"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
NOTICE

VIII the branches which have not paid their T.
s. s. dues to the general society please do so be-
fore the annual meeting in May. The trihing
amount Of 81 can be met by every branch however
small the membership The aggregate OF these dues
is what the Office depends on TO pay the expenses
of distributing sunshine. all special gifts go 10
the purposes designated by the donors
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
AT HARLEM Y. w. c. A.

At the Harlem Young Women's Christian AS
ISOLATION, No. "A West l24th-st. On Sunday at 4d5
p m the first OF three addresses will be given by
y Waring Barnes On "Christ's Conception Of the
Disciple and HIS Mission" The soloist is Miss
Christine Muller.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
DISTILLED WATER

An invalid in the country is DESTROYS OF obtaining
distilled water to drink. Could any one through
this department give any Information as to where
one could get still and about the process OF dis
tIing water? a READER
Cation N y.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25

Many thanks are due E. G. Parr. J. w W. and
X D. L. for sending to the Exchange the remedy
for breaking a dog OF killing chickens. As their
recipes were in substance the that
tributed by g. c. and published March %. they
not repeated
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
HosfsesOfUes Exchange.

yet to learn how any soul satisfaction" can be
derived from the same. Self-sacrifce is beautiful
is time women learned that they serve their
families and society better by sacrificing themselves
less
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
THE DAWSON MEETINGS IN BROOKLYN

a We6as f and THURSDAY Of last week were wet
to the Tonnfin SIsny Ireets out the response
surprising On the first afternoon Mr.. Dawson told
tons: The body Of the church was filed at night
Mr.. Dawson giving his address on the evangelism
churches to do the work for which they are organ
Dukes On THURSDAY afternoon a stiil larger audi
ence gathered, including many prominent local
Mr.. Dawson continued his main line of thought
IRON me Precealng afternoon; pr Caaman urged
movements and methods. but TO make their best
efforts and sacrifices to cooperate with the present
DR.. Hills stirred up the ministers by declaring
the 10000 children from eight 70 eighteen years old
70 the Churchs immediate future. but sign thaI
ministers are not doing the work they could and
ting ready to deliver If in some sterdotvned manner
The somewhat extravagant self-depreciation of DR..
Hilliss address probably lessened its effect, but
IN the evening caused the galleries to be closed. but
the main body Of the church was Wen 1Ileo AZ me
cation on the part of professed disciples Of Chr ST.
whom the audience naturally PIG b ee
Invitations were all ministers intending 70
sessions Of both days making happy occasions O
fellowship Dr. Waters and his people G9 , r
kins Avenue Church uses them as the beginning OF
Friday and Sunday nights and Friday and Saturday
afternoons.
The Rev. Dr. R. S. Macarthur will preach in Cal
vary Baptist Church. West 0'th-st'' Det"eeh 0'n
and 7th ayes. at II a. m. "Confesstng Christ
and at D. NJ on "a Question in Spiritual Mathe-
natios" All during the Lenten season DR.. Mac
Arthur is preaching upon distinctly evangehstic
topics and has created widespread interest In his
whole parish. at the home church, the chapel In
67th-st. and Tent Pencil at 1l0th-st Week by
week men and women boys and girls have con-
fessed Christ. There Will be at the evening service
the BAPTISM OF some recent converts
Special services Of prayer for great revival nave
been Instituted by the Futon-st. daily noon PRAYER
meeting fl the Marble Collegiate Church, 9tn-5t
and 5th-ave.. and have been of deep interest The
meetings continue this week on Thursday AT
O'Clock and all Christians are cordially Invited 10
be present. -, -, -
The union Gospel meetings which have been con-
Quoted in the Metropolitan Temple in the last two
weeks have been OF great interest and profit they
will be continued through the coming week Music
end addresses will be OF an inspiring character
On Sunday morning the pastor; the Rev; robert
BagneIl Will preach on THE Supreme Purpose
In the evening the vested choir and orchestra VIII
give the spscal music and Charles H SturteVant
viii lead the song service. The pastor viii preach
on Jesus of Nazareth Passeth By Through the
week the song service will begin every evening AT
7;45 o'clock.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25

The greatest serial story OF the year begin IN
The New-YOrk Tribune sunday Magazine March IS
Don't miss a chapter.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
GOOD CHEER.

dav in the wear No man has learned anything
rightly till he knows that every day is Doomsday.
To-day Is g living In disgTtses-<Emerson-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
WHAT CONSTITUTES A HEROINE.

WHAT CONSTITUTES A HEROINE.
4 heroine is who has done some brave deed
OF become noted in some way. A leading charao-
ter In a story or poem IS also heroine, such as
Evangeline. In Longfellows poem. E. G. P.
PORT Jeryis, ". Y
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25
CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS NEWS AND NOTES.
REVIVAL INCIDENTS AND PLANS-TWO BIG CELE-
BRATTONS CLOSE

Great interest manifested this week In the
meeting and organization Of the Evangelistic Com
mittee OF Greater New-York at the Church OF the
Holy Communion. last Monday brief outline Of
a gigantic plan for revival was announced in
Guiding the raising Of $4,000 and the establishment
OF twenty-four Gospel tents about the city. An
other meeting is called for next Monday. and a
more definite announcement is expected to follow
Meanwhile the tide of revival is steadily advanc-
ing. Reviewing the movement in New-York. THE
Congregauonalist' says In part:
No one claims that any specific OF spiritual
ps3 h ana religious revival has yet enyeloPed the
PToaeh or such wave is on the increase. The ak
been conducting services all winter and witnessing
conversions whose number would have been
C93Legiate churches with many ministers from
three; three weeks ago. The Methodist and Baptist min
tsIers meetings IN Brooklyn and Manhattan
thought the present opportunity for practical evan
gen gen The Sunday and midweek services Of 9Th
rs MaG6ay Is pleading for revival that shall Sc
morals OF society. Men conspicuous in Nev1York's
commercial life have filed up prayer meetings and
Brooklyn minister's have held two tO ali day meet
t a- II me Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church,
and intense meditation. Or, Cuyler has spoken
denominations have united under General BaIIing-
Ton Booth with night professions and packed au-
Bronx Dr.. Alexander Alison has finished his four
Mr.. Kephart's He has Conducted the n 1eIis
WIN remarkable power and skill. Over 600 per
sons sons haye signed cards containing three brief and
simple declarations OF honest desire. The pastors
nave VISITED every one in their homes. according
20 the church preference expressed Mr.. Kephart
says th2t there is remarkable religious atmos-
phere throughout the neighborhood. not expert
eenced IN all his years there and the meetings
pave been quietly conducted with sensational
features. there viii undoubtedly be a quiet work
OF the spirit for weeks to come. DR.. Alison spent
several months among Congregational churches In
England last year. and returns there in May in
[Lespohse 70 urgent calls; Lenten services have
begun II the new BriarcliR church on the general
It" 1-St4in1's u
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25

Bishop Fowler gave his lecture on Abraham
Lincoln" to an audience Of six hundred in the Aston
Gallery of the Waldorf-Astoria on Friday night
The lecture was given free by Bishop Fowler the
proceeds going 10 the Beekman Hill Methodist Epis-
copal Church.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-03-25

Bishop Greer will administer the rite Of confrma-
ton and preach at the IL o'clock service at st.
Marks Church. 10th-st. and 2d-ave., on Sunday
morning. In the evening at the O'Clock service
the Rev Dr. Mcconnell. rector OF All Souls Church.
will preach.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-07-20
GoIdfield Defeats Bode.

Special to Times Republican.
Goldfeld, July 20.-The locals easily
defeated the Bode Norwegian Giants in
the best game of the season, played on
the Goldfield grounds yesterday after
noon. The game stood S to 2 in favor
of Goldfield at the beginning of the
eighth inning, when Bode forfeited the
game by quitting, getting sore over a
decision of the umpire. The game
was clean one, not much hitting be-
ing done, and both pitchers throwing
excellent ball. Sevaroid, BODIES pitch
err, struck out eight men, and Agard of
Goldfeld four. There was an attend
ance of 400 at the game.
The summary:
Bafteries-Agart and Cunningham;
Severoid and Ries. Three base hits
Lundblad of Goldfeld; two base hits
Monsoon, of Bode. Base on balls-Off
Agard, 1. Sacrifice hit-Beisell, of
Goldfield. Passed balls-Ries. 2. I'm
pire-Beck. Errors. Goldfield. s; Bode,
6. Hits--Goldfield. 4; Bode, 8.
Score by innings:
foldfield ............ % o o 0 l 4 IS
Bode ................0 0 2 0 0 0 0-2
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-07-20

departed yesterday for Sioux Falls, .
D.. to visit q daughter.
Andy Burrell and family returned
this week from Los Angeles CAL
having decided that Iowa was the best
state for him to live in.
Nina Farnham took the north bound
train yesterday for Beloit Wis, where
she will visit some time with relatives
Mrs. Scott Clemens and children
left this morning for Patch Grove and
other points In Wisconsin, where they
will visit relatives.
e. W. Tiffany, of Hollister, Cal, is
here looking after business matters.
Mr.. and Mrs. Art. Meads' Oldest
daughter continues to slowly recover
from her recent severe sickness and is
in a fair way to get well.
The farmers In this vicinity are busy
putting up their large hay crop now,
and they will need to cut their early
will not be ripe for ten days or two
weeks. Corn Is doing we'll with the
extreme hot weather of the past week
John Sullivan has returned to
Thornton and will do some large jobs
Of thing near town. He has done con-
siderable work in this locality the past
three years.
Mr.. Egge. of the Rockwell Telephone
Company, now makes his trips with an
automobile
Mr.. 8. e. Lockwood sold his 200
acre farm last week for $72 an acre,
which proves that Iowa real estate
has still good value. The farm is
about four miles southeast of Thorn
ton.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-07-20
STORM LAKE PROGRAM
Second Annual chautauqua Assembly
at That Place Will Begin Tomorrow,
July 21-Fine Attractions Secured
For the Eight Days.

Special to Times Republican.
Storm Lake, July 20.--The second
annual assembly OF the Storm Lake
chautauqua opens Friday, July 81 AL
ready, the secretary says, there are
500 campers In sight. There are spec
ial railroad rates Of one and one-third
fare for the whole course and separate
" for the Hobson and LaFollette days.
Following is the official program:
Friday, July 21.-General parade,
Concert-Owl Orchestra.
Address-Thos. H. Chapman.
Lecture, "Grumblers and Their Cure"
DIR H. w. Sears.
Concert-Dixie Jubilee Singers.
Concert-Orchestra and Jubilees.
Lecture. Boxes Rev. Henry
Clark.
Saturday. July 22-Lecture, DR.. A.
b. Storms.
Band concert.
Lecture, Americas Mighty Mission"
Capt r. p. Hobson.
Concert--Jubilees and Orchestra.
Lecture-Dr H. w. Sears.
Sunday, July 23.-Singing. Dixie
Jubilee Singers.
Sermon--Dr. A. B. Storm.
Young Peoples Meeting DR..
Storms.
Sacred Concert-Dixie Jubilees
Monday, July 24.-Nusic, Minnesota
Ladies' Quartet.
Lecture-Dr. Phil Baird.
Concert--Orchestra.
Lecture. DAY Dreams" L. B.
Wickersham.
Concert--Ladfes' Quartet.
Lecture-Dr. Phil Baird.
Lecture, ''Gumption" DR.. Phil
Baird.
Evening Concert-Orchestra
.Tuesday, July 25.-Music--Ladies'
Quartet.
Lecture-7-Dr. Phil Baird.
Band Concert.
Lecture, 1.-THE Worlds Greatest
acknowledgements Robert NJ. LaFol-
lette.
Concert-Minnesota Ladies' Quar-
tet.
Lecture-Edmund Vance Cook.
Wednesday, July 26.--Music-Wes-
leyan Quartet.
Lecture-Dr. Phil Baird.
Concert--Orchestra.
Lecture-.Edmund Vance Cook.
CONGRATULATIONS Quartet.
Acknowledgement. magician.
Evening Observation-Disclosures.
Thursday, July 27.-Lecture-Dr
Phil Baird.
Wesleyan and Orchestra.
Lectpre--Laurant. magician.
Concert-Orchestra.
Moving Pictures-Standard Enter
.ainers.
Friday July 2s-Lecture. DR.. Phil
Baird.
Wesleyan and Orchestra.
Lecture. Types Of Uncle Sans
Folks"-Alton Packard. cartoonist.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES.
Moving Pictures-standard Enter
tanners.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-07-20
Fenton.
Special to Times Republican.

'ESSbeAA " Observation-Disclosures.
Fenton, July 2O.-The weather has
been very warm for the last tive
weeks and crops are looking fine. Har-
vest has been commenced and hayine
is nearly done. Corn promises to be a
fine crop.
Mr.. and Mrs. III. E. Reimers enter
tanned large company Of relatives
at their home Sunday.
Esther Newell was operated on yes
terday by Drs. Kenefick of Algona.
Bossingham of Ringsted, and Logan
of this place. A growth was removed
from the side OF her neck, and the pa
tient is getting along as well as could
be expected.
Or. and Mrs. Logan have been visit
ing their parents at Algona for the past
few days.
III. j. Huskamp and A. A. Ridder were
businessl visitors at Dolliver the fore
part of the week.
Rev. and Mrs. Weaver are taking a
two weeks vacation, visiting with their
parents, at Superior, and also spending
few days outing at Okoboji.
NJ A. Waite is looking after his land
interests in northern Minnesota this
week.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-07-20
p4oLLlvER is SLATED.
lowan to 30 Chairman Of Senate Com
nittee on Agriculture.

lowan to Be Chairman Of Senate Com
mittes on Agriculture.
Washington, July 20.-Assistant
Secretary Of Agriculture Willett N.
Hays has taken hold OF the affairs of
the bureau Of statistics with instruc-
lions from Secretary Wilson, approved
by President Roosevelt, to cleanse the
bureau Of the stigma left by the cotton
leak scandal His authority is Vn-
limited. 1t is likely there will be\a
complete reorganization Of the force
employed. in the statistical depart
ment. Secretary Wilson said today
that hereafter IL there are any accusa-
tons against the integrity Of the bu-
YVau 1t must be directed against him.
self or Assistant Secretary Hays, as
he has ao intention of allowing any
other person access to Information
that might be used in stock jobbing.
Mr. Hs.ys probably will be In charge
Of the bureau until after congress as
sebles, as 1t Is believed that a compe-
tent man to take the place of Mr..
Hyde, who resigned Tuesday as chief
etattstician, cannot be mad for the SAL
airy paid by the government $500 a
year. Congress will be asked to in
crease tie salary.
A rumor has been circulated that
when congress assemblies a movement
will be started to have the crop gath
efing bureau transferred to the de-
partmen. of commerce and labor In or
der to insure more complete reor-
ganizatiOn. Senator Dolliver of Iowa,
warm personal friend Of Secretary
Wilson, is slated for the craftsmanship
Of the senate committee on agricul-
ture. He is opposed to any change Of
the character suggested.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1905-07-20
Woodbury. County Legislators
Endorse Plan to Have One
Board For State Schools
IT WOULD STOP LOBBYING
General Belief That tn. educational
Institutions Would Got Just as
Hearty Support and With Much Less
Trouble Than Under the Present
Regency System. .a.-.
Special to Times Republican

Special to Times Republican
Sioux City, July 20.-Both Senator
John II. jackson and Representative
C. N. Jepson, of Sioux City, favor the
establishment Of an educational board
of control, in Iowa, as provided in a
bill which is to be presented at the
next session of the Iowa legislature.
Representative 1epson thinks the es-
Establishment of such a board would put
a stop to the log rolling which re-
quires presidents of the state schools
to appear at meetings and spend much
of their time there. 1t will in his opin-
ion, discourage rivalry which In the
past has been detrimental. Senator
Jackson says such q board would be
advisable in that 1t would encourage
economy and would do away with
much of the wire pulling which is now
done by heads Of state educational in
situations.