davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

on each side running to these openings,
which lead to the river.
n
The work on the steel superstructure,
which has been at a standstill since the ice
formed last winter, will be resumed We'd
nesday next, and by July /. the engineers
estimate, 1t will be in position, but there
will still be considerable work to be done
in fastening the different parts firmly in
position, and making the bridge ready for
travel. The floor of the new bridge will be
211a feet above mean low water, well out of
the way Of any freshets in the river. and
from the roadway to the top of the steel
structure the distance is so feet. 1t IS esti-
mated that each of the stationary spans
will weigh 400 tons and the draw span 500
tons. This draw span will be so construct
ed as to exactly balance on a pivot in the
center of the pier, and will travel on a rail
running on the outer edge of the pier which
IS circular in shape. The draw will be oper-
ated by electric power, a method new in
this locality, as on the new railway bridge
and the old Long bridge the draws are
operated by steam. The electrical power
which will operate the machinery of the
bridge Will be obtained from the wires of
the Washington, Alexandria and Mt Yer
non electric railway which will cross the
bridge. the connections being made at the
ends of the draw, from a submarine cable,
which will be placed in a trench dredged
in the bottom of the channel. In addition
to theNelectrical machinery. the draw will
be equipped with a complete set of hand
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

these old fellows dress younger, talk
younger, act younger and feel younger.
Youth is contagious, like the Group.
"A young wife is believed to prolong an
old husbands life If a man of seventy in
sured in my company should marry a girl
of twenty I'd consider him a better risk by
per cent than he had been before"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07
Young Wives, Old Husbands.

From the PhlladeIphia Bulletin.
Strange statistics" said an insurance
agent ARE collected In my business.
II have found that the more times a
man marries the younger in comparison
with himself he wants his wife to be. For
instance. his first wife on the average Is
four years younger than me- His second is
ten. His third is twenty or thirty.
What do these statistics prove? Do
they prove that as a gains in years
and experience he finds that it Ii best for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

younger she is the longer she'll keep her
health and strength and beauty. Furth er-
more, the Older you are the more respect
she'll have for you. She'll reverence you
and obey you she would her own father
or grandfather
Young wives rejuvenate old husbands"
the insurance agent ended They make
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

many reasons to be almost as old as his
wife's father, or do they only prove that as
men approach old age they are more fool
ish than they were in youth?
." Old * aged seventy, with a third wife
of twenty three, said on this head the other
day:
You can't marry a girl too young. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

can be recovered. He Is called upon to do
hundred and one such necessary things
during the course of q days work, and Is
a very important individual in the bridge
nstruction.
The engineers In charge Of the work on
the bridge estimate that from the top OF
the completed pier to the bottom of the
piles driven in the river bed it is fully
hundred and ten feet, so that 1t can be
seen that to get a solid foundation 1t is
necessary to go deep down under the sur
face of the river.
The granite used for the new bridge
piers comes from the quarries of Nc
Mullen & McDermott at Somes Sound, on
the coast of Maine. 1t was brought here
by vessel loads and stored on the Poto-
mac Park until wanted, and then was
loaded on derrick barges and taken to
the spot where it was to be used. AS fast
as the piers for each span were COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

kxr< HE new Highway brfige over the Po-
tomac, connecting the District of Co
lumhia with Virginia and the south,
II will be ready for service early In the
fall, exactly when the engineers IN
charge cannot say; but It will be COM
pleted somewhere about the first of Sep
TENDER, If the work now going on meets
with no unexpected delays AS the engi-
neers have provided for all possible con-
tingencies It Is hardly probable that any
thing will occur that Will seriously delay
the work
"A span of steel work, while under con-
struction, might tumble into the river and
thus seriously delay the work" said one
OF the engineers to a Star reporter yester-
day But this is hardly probable so It
Is safe TO say that the bridge will be
finished IN the fall"
The construction of the Highway bridge.
after many years of debate over It. was
provided for in an act of Congress, ap-
proved February IL, 1901 The board of
engineers appointed by the Secretary of
War to select a site and to formulate
plans, specifications and estimates Of cost
or the bridge submitted a report select
ing the site now occupied by the structure
and presenting two plans, one to cost 1915
o0o and the other s99600O Congress- by an
act of July l, 1902, selected the latter, fix
Ing the limit of the cost of the bridge at
100000, but by an act of April q, 1904
the appropriation was increased to 81 1896
600 the additional 100000 being added to
cover the cost of the approaches to the
bridge and other expenses.
The contract for the building of the
bridge was signed August 90 1903. with
the Pennsylvania steel Company, and in
October of that year the work was start
ed, the driving of series of test piles
along the line of the bridge at the site
or the piers and abutments and on the
sheet piling of the shore abutments of the
bridge in Potomac Park being the first
work done From December. 1903 to
March, 1894, the work was at a standstiu
the river being frozen continuously; but In
the latter month MCMuIen Il McDermott
of New York and Philadelphia. the con-
tractors for the construction of the stone
work began operations, and have been al
It with large force Of men continuously
since that time, except when the ice of last
winter put a stop to all work. AS the new
bridge now stands the steel superstruc-
ture Is in position on four spaus on the
Washington side and two on the Virginia
side
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07
TREES THAT BEAR
GREAT NAMES

4'ss-ff 4: ~ 4: 4 + 4 - + 4 + i 3 s 4 -
The already large collection of historic or
memorial trees in the Botanic Gardens was
added to early last week when Senator For
aker planted in the southeast corner of the
gardens a young elm sapling of notable
ancestry. This tree will grow in the gar
dens a memorial to the senior senator
from Ohio 1t is one of three CRAFTS taken
from the historic old Washington elm, which
stands In the middle of a broad, old-fash-
toned street in Cambridge. Mass. within
stones throw of Harvard University. The
parent tree, or the Washington elm, as it
has been designated for generations, com
mands interest by reason Of the fact that
IL was under this tree that George Wash
ington took command Of the American
army. July 3, lI15, at the commencement of
the struggle Of the colonies for independ-
ence At the base OF this tree is a granite
tablet which bears an inscription telling of
the event which has made 1t notable among
the historic objects in the country.
One of the other CRAFTS from the Wash
ington elm was planted in the gardens
some time ago by Speaker Cannon, along
the main walk leading to the west gate,
and IN the vicinity of the two Morrill, me-
mortal trees. The third graft was planted
recently on Senator Aldrichs estate In
Rhode Island by President Roosevelt. All
three of the CRAFTS were sent to Mr.. Will
lam r. Smith. superintendent of the Be-
tanic Gardens, by Prof. Sargent OF Har-
ward University. At the centennial ami
versary of Washington's taking command
of the American army, which was ceie-
brated at Cambridge in 1875, James Rus
sell Lowell wrote a poem entitled Under
the Old Elm In commemoration of the
tree and of the event.
Mr.. Smith, superintendent of the Bo-
tanic Gardens takes an especial pride in
the trees planted in the garden as me-
MORALS TO great men and statesmen of
the country. He intends some day to
compile a list of all the historic trees in
the gardens and, perhaps to have each
labeled with the name of the person
whose life and work the tree Is intended
TO commemorate. One of the most famous
trees in the United States is the one that
formerly occupied q place near the Wash
ington elm in the Capitol grounds. This
was q specimen of the outrageous Ital-
ian beech. or hornbeam, of the identical
sort under which the ancient Etruscan
shepherds tuned their pastoral pipes and
rested while tending their woolly iocks
In the early seventies, when the great
improvements were under way on the
Capitol grounds, number of splendid
trees were threatened with destruction
by the grading. Senator Sumner, who
was a great lover of trees, In the Senate,
on January o. 1874, pronounced an elo-
ouent eulogy on the fine Italian beech
tree which was one of the trees about to
be destroyed. He urged the lawmakers
to have that specimen preserved. as 1t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

order to do this the workmen must go
down to the bed of the river to arrange
Tor the foundations that will support the
massive stone piers and steel spans that
The method of building all the piers is
practically tho same The site Is first
dredged to the required depth! then the
Golfer dam is placed In position. This cof-
fer dam is literally hole In the water
with fence seventy feet long and seven
teen feet wide built around 1t. 1t is of
bottom and supported by cross braces so
arranged as to be practically water-tight.
When the Golfer dam is completed, piles
are driven into the bottom Of the dam. In
pier about 100 piles were used. In the
draw pier go were driven. These piles are
long enough to go through the mud on the
river bottom until bed rock Is reached, and
in the piers in the channel the piles used
were seyenty-ive feet long. When the
piles are all driven the drivers are re-
moved and the dam is then sealed, as 1t is
called. This sealing is done by concrete
being let down to the bottom Of the dam in
buckets six feet long and eighteen inches
IN diameter with hinged bottoms, 80 that
ed around the piles. Four feet of this con-
crete is put in the bottom of each Golfer
dam, and this is done to prevent the water
from forcing Its way into the dam under
the bottom Of the sides OF the box-like
structure
When the sealing Is completed the wa
ter is pumped out and the piles are sawed
off to within five feet of the bottom of
the concrete work. The dam is then ready
for the laying of the main concrete
foundation, which is built from the seal
ing to within two feet OF low water mark
Broken stone, sand and cement are used
in making the concrete for the founda-
n,I IT,. &c.
stationed alongside the work.
The stone and sand are placed In hop
pers at the top of the mixer. Opening a
lever allows the sand and stone in proper
quantity to fall into four funnel-shaped
hoppers below; here a bag of cement is
thrown in and the water added Passing
down through three other hoppers, the
mass is well mixed when it falls from the
bottom hopper into bucket. which holds
a cubic yard. This bucket Is on a small
truck and is run out on rails under a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

These tracks will all be laid like a street
railroad track. flush with the surface of
the roadway, and the same style of rail
will be used IS used on the streets of
the city. Like a street also, the entire
roadway will be open for wagon travel
But little idea can be had OF the amount
of labor required, and the risk taken by
the workmen In the construction of, a
great undertaking like the Highway bridge
The stone piers must first be built, and in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07

All the piers are completed except the
two adjoining the draw pier on each side
These are the seat piers on which the end
Of the draw viii rest when closed, and
their construction was left until the last
in order to Interfere as little as possible
with the navigation of the river, as they
stand directly on each side of the channel
The seat pier the Washington side is
ready for its concrete foundation, and on
the pier on the Virginia side the masonry
work has been started. When these piers
are completed all the stone work will be
done, and the iron workers will have free
hand 70 push ahead with the steel super
structure The bridge, exclusive of the ap-
proaches, Is 1855 feet long and consists
of ten spans, each 216 feet long and CEN
ter or draw span of go feet long, I45 feet
on each side Of the center. With the draw
open a channel 100 feet wide is left on
each side Of this center span for the pas
sage OF vessels. Seven of the spans are on
the District side of the draw span and
four on the Virginia side The steel work
viii be supported by two abutments and
twelve piers built of massive granite The
approach TO the Washington side of the
bridge Is about half mile long and
IS practically complete except for the paw
ing. 1t leaves the bridge with q sweeping
curve toward the old road which crosses
the Long bridge and joins 1t near where
the Tidal Basin bridge will be located. The
approach on the Virginia side is about a
quarter OF q mile long, and will cross the
old Alexander Island race track to Join
this approach has just been started and
II will be finished by the time the steel
work OF the bridge is completed. The new
bridge IS what is called a through truss
that IS, the travel passes through 1t and
not over It, as is sometimes the mode of
construction. II viii have q forty-foot
roadway in the center with a solid metal
flooring, and on each side. supported on
brackets like shelf Will be sidewalks
eight feet wide.
These sidewalks are outside OF the up
right beams or the bridge, but an orna-
mental guard rail three feet six inches in
height viii protect their outer edge. The
walks will have granolithic pavements,
while the surface Of the roadway OF the
bridge viii he Of asphalt laid on the steel
flooring. Running down the center of the
bridge will be a double-track railway for
the use of the electric trains coming from
Virginia into Washington, and on the right
hand side, coming toward the city, a steel
wagon. track VIII be laid on which all
heavily-ladeu teams will travel This is
done to save the wear OF heavy traffic on
the roadway of the bridge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-05-07
y At
WORK INA



of the draw. This hand machinery is 10 de-
signed that the draw can be fully opened
by hand In five minutes The motors TO be
used are to be Of sufficient power TO swing
the draw open In ninety seconds, and all
machinery will be duplicated to provide tor
a breakdown.
All machinery will be. located IN houss
to be constructed on the top OF the draw.
Safety gates viii be provided at each end Of
the draw span to complete the barricade
of both the roadway and the sidewalks.
These gates will be of ornamental design,
and constructed that they cannot Be
opened until the draw is in a position for
travel across it. The draw will be equipped
with a compressed air whistle of suitable
size to sound signals when II is to be opened
and shut
The bridge will be lighted by electricity.
groups of incandescent lamps at each pier
on the sidewalks, and the roadway will be
lighted by big lamps swung from the CEN
ter OF the bridge overhead. The groups of
lamps and lights will be OF 1000 candle
power EACH and the fixtures that will sup
port them will be OF ornamental design.
AS stated. the Pennsylvania Steel Company
Is the contractor for the bridge and Mo-
Mullen & McDermott for the stone piers
and substructure. Mr.. W. L. Christie 10 the
superintendent In charge of the building Of
neer for the contractor -
The War Department interests are looked
after by John Meggs. jr.. engineer in charge
for Col, Smith S. Leach, engineer OF the
Potomac river improvements. The steel
work will be erected under the super.nten-
dence Of Mr.. James W. Davis, and Mr. !,
W. Whttmer will assist him in the work.
The building of the Highway bridge sounds
the doom of the old wooden Long bridge"
and the hammering of the pneumatic rfvet-
ers the steel work of the new structure
is its song of requiem. for when the new
bridge IS completed the old Long bridge"
which has stood for nearly thirty years,
will be torn down and the piers removed
1t has been suggested that when the new
bridge is opened 1t should be with public
ceremony of some kind, and that the people
on the Virginia side Of the river should be
invited to take part in the rejoicing. This,
! it is believed. will be done.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-01
COMPARATIVE NATIONALITY OF
TEACHERS.
Public Private
DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOLS,
TEACHERS. AND PUPILS.

The island OF Hawaii, which is the
largest of this group. has the largest
number of schools, though it has not
the largest enrolment. On Hawaii
there are 81 public schools and 10
private schools. the total enrolment
being 5s16. of which 1928 are In public
schools and 1918 IN private schools.
There are 132 teachers engaged in the
public schools and So in the private
schools. On Oahu there are 80 public
schools and 80 private schools.
the former taught by i49 teachers and
the latter by los. The total enrolment
for the i-1and OF Oahu is 1887, of which
SIG pupils are in public schools and
2S11 are in private schools. The large
number of schools on Hawaii can be
explained by the fact that many of
them are in isolated villages. where the
population is small and where the at
tendance falls short, in some cases, of
20 children. 1t has been the policy of
the department to keep open schools
where the number does not fall below
II. On the other hand, on the island
OF Oahu the population is concentrated
and there are no schools which fail be-
lew from 30 to 40 children. while In
Honolulu. which is the chief center of
population. there are two schools which
number in the neighborhood of 600 each
and another which counts $50 or more.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-01
SCHOOLS. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE.
{ Continued from page ID

Continued from page ID
schools. 1t may be well to point out
that many of the teachers employed in
public schools are those who have been
trained in our normal school, and that
as time goes on ii is the earnest desire
OF the department that all who are
employed in public schools should come
from the ranks of those who attended
the Territorial schools. From the point
of view of the department, those who
have been educated in the schools in
the Territory and who have thereafter.
either by attending the normal school
established in Honolulu or by attending
other institutions of instruction upon
the mainland, fitted themselves for po-
sitions in their own islands. are the per-
sons who should take charge of our
schools. II may be noted that the num-
Der of American teachers, which was
327 on June 80, 1903, is now 314. The
explanation of this is that the young
men and young women who have been
educated in our schools have now
reached position In which they can
take charge of very much more i'm
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-01

kitchen in this latitude. 1t is not that
the climate OF Honolulu is so f1ot-but
the heat of the climate added to the
heat from a great family cooking stove
has made the kitchen the only room in
the house that was unbearable. And
yet many women have suffered this It
is not every man of family who can g f.
ford TO keep a Jap or Chinaman in his
kitchen. The result has been in hun
dreds of cases. that women have had
to go into the kitchen, and have literal
ly had their lives almost cooked out Of
them that the rest of the family might
live.
Fuel gas will put an end to this tyr
amy of the cooking stove. The house
wife who wants to get dinner herself
and what wife does not upon occasion?
will but have TO go into her clean.
cool kitchen, turn on the gas burner,
touch a match to it, and find her dinner
ready with no more heat than it re-
quires actually to cook the food. More
than that, even for baking, the gas
stove does not give out an uncomfort-
able degree of heat. Certainly the stove
does not have to be brought to am un-
comfortable pitch of heat before the
oven OccOIQSS not enough 10 Ddko. Inc
oven has it's burners, heating it to the
required degree almost instantly, an
even, steady heat, and when the baking
is done these burners are turned off and
the oven cooIs at once.
Similarly. when the dinner is cooked
the stove burners are turned off, save
where it is desired to keep some part of
the food warm. and even then there is
required degree of heat so slight that
the tempera ture of the kitchen is hard
" raised at all. OF course. it is posi-
bit to get up great degree of heat
with a gas stove. but nobody is apt to
20 that, because gas costs so much per
cubic foot, and the less gas that is con-
sumed the smaller will the housekeep-f
ing. bills be.
The housewives of Honolulu should
De warned therefore. The day of their
from the hardest of their
asks at least, is at hand. The first of
July will certainly see the Honolulu gas
plant installed and in working order,
ind the pipes all laid in the principal
streets. Women who are wise will be-
gin to figure upon getting the gas put
nto their houses. as fuel at all events,
not as light. And as to the relative
.ost and convenience of gas and cleo
ric light, that is another story.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-01

portant institutions than they used to
be able to do. This certainly shows the
effect of the education that the de-
partment has been striving to S give
to the Territory. Thus it will be
seen that in 1903 there We're IS Hawai-
ians of pure blood teaching school. To-
day there are &c. and this goes to show
that the work of the department is be-
ing concentrated upon the people of the
islands, and that the people of the is
lands are responding to the effort that
the department makes.
It is proper to say here that there is
a regular system of certificates which
are gained by examinations, and that
we have regular set of inspectors who
view the work done by the teachers and
who report weekly to the superintend-
ent and board of commissioners.
The following table shows the num-
Der of teachers employed both in the
public and private schools, and it can
be noted that the department of educa-
ton employs more Hawaiian, part Ha-
waiians and Portuguese than the priv
ate schools do, the numbers being,
public schools, Hawaiians. 81; private
schools, Hawaiians, %; public schools,
part Hawaiians, IS private schools,
part Hawaiians IS; Portuguese, pub
lie schools, %; private schools, II;
japanese, public schools, none; priv
ate schools. 8; Chinese, public schools,
8; private schools, Is. The 8 Chinese
are citizens who have been born and
educated here.
NATIONALITY OF
TEACHERS.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-01


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