davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05

.nts. Moreover. under any healthy
plan, the benefits VIII develop gradu-
ally and not rapidly. Finally, we must
clearly understand that the public ser.
Wants who are to do this peculiarly re-
sponslblo and delicate work must
themselves be Of the highest type both
~ regards Integrity and efficiency
They must he well paid, for otherwise
able men can not ia the long run be
secured. and they must possess lofty
probity which will revolt as quickly at
the thought of panderng 10 amy gust
Of popular prejudice against rlCd men
rs at the thought of anything even re-
inotely resembling subservency To rich
men. But while I fully admit the
difficulties IN the way. | do not for u
moment admit that these difficulties
warrant us In stopping in our effort
TO secure wise and just system. They
should have no other effect than 10
spur US on to the exercise Of the reso-
luton. the even-handed Justice and
the fertility Of resource, which we like
10 think ~ as typically American, and
which viii In the end achieve good re-
suits In this as IN other fields of ac-
ti\ity. The task is great one and
underlies the task of dealing with the
whole Industrial problem. But the
fact that II IL great problem does not
warrant us in shrinking from the at
tempt to solve It. At present we face
such utter lack of supervision, such
freedom from the restraints OF law,
that excellent men have often been lit
orally forced into doing what they de-
pl0red because otherwise they We're
left NJ the mercy of unscrupu-
lous competitors TO rail at and assaIl
the men who have done AS they best
could under such conditions accom-
plishes little. What We need to do
Is to develop an orderly system; and
such a system can only come through
the gradually Increased exercise of the
right OF efficient government control
In my annual message TO the Fifty
eighth Congress, &c It's third session l
called attention to the necessity for
legislation requiring the use OF block
signals upon railroads engaged In in
terstate commerce. The number OF Sc
rious collisions upon unlocked roads
that have occurred within the past year
adds force to the recommendation then
made The Congress should provide,
by appropriate legislation, for the in
PRODUCTION Of block signals upon all
railroads engaged In Interstate COM
merce az the earliest practicable date,
az a measure Of Increased safety to the
travelling public
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
HOURS OF LABOR.
\ Matter that May Properly Engage
Intention of Congress,

The excessive hours of labor to
which railroad employees I'm train SER
vice are I'm many cases subjected h also
natter which may well engage the
serious attention OF the Congress. The
strain. both mental and physical upon
those Who are engaged in the move
ueut and operation ~ railroad trains
under modern conditions is perhaps
grtatet than that which exists I'm any
ether Industry, aud II there are any
ttssony for limiting 10y law the hours
pf iHbor IN any employment, they Ger
talnly apply with peculiar force 70 the
employment Of those upon whose Wig
farce aud aleriness I'm the performance
OF tteir duties the safety of all who
travel by rail depends.
IN my annual message to the Fifty
seventh Congress, at Us second ses..
sion, ! recommended the passage ot
AN employers liability law for
the District ~ Columbia and In
our uaNy-ynrds. renewed that
recommendation In my message 10 the
Fifty-eighth Congress at It's second
session and further suggested he ap-
pointment " commission 10 make a
comprehensive study Of employers la
bNity. with view to the enactment
" a wise and constitutional lazy cover
ing the subject, applicable 20 all indus
tries within the scope OF the federal
power hope thar such a law will be
prepared and enacted as speedily as
possible.
The national government has as a
rule but little occasion 10 deal with the
formidable group W problems connected
more or less directly with what r.
known MS the labor question. Tor IN the
great majority " cases these problems
must be dealt with by the state and
municipal authorities and not by the
national government. The national gov
eminent has control Of the District Or
Columbia, however. and II should see
TO 8; that the city os Washington IL
made model city In AL respects, both
az regards parks public Fairgrounds
proper regulation of the system OF h0us-
ing SO as to do away with the evils Of
alley tenements, a proper system OF ed
ucHtlon proper system OF dealing
with truancy and juvenile offenders
. proper handling. Of the charitable
work Of the district Moreover, there
should be proper factory laws to pre-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS.
Should he Rcorganiled With Better
Business Methods.

VI various times ! have Instituted
Investigations into the organization and
conduct OF the BUSINESS Of the executfvs
departments. While none of these in-
quirles have yet progressed for enough
to warrant final conclusions. they have
already confirmed aud emphasized the
general impression that the organiza-
ton OF the departments IL often faulty
In principle and wasteul in results
while many OF their business methods
are antiquated and inefficient. There Il
every reason why our executive govern
mental machinery should be at least az
wen planned. economical. and efficient
as the best machinery OF the great bust
ness organizations, which nj present
Is not the case. TO make il SO Ia n
task Of complex detail and essentially
executive In its nature; probably no Leg
islative body. no matter how wise ana
able. could undertake e with reason.
able prospect OF success, | recommend
that the Congress consider this subject
with view 10 provide by legislation
Tor the transfer, distribution. consollda-
ton, and assignment Of duties and ex-
ecutlvc organizations or parts Of or
ganlast!ons, and far the changes In bus.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
LABOR DISPUTES.
Unwlsc to Limit Power Of Courts 10
Issue injunctions.

There has been demand for depriVins
courts OF the power to Issue in1unctions
In labor disputes. Such special limita-
ton OF the equity powers ~ our courts
would be most unWise, II IN true that
some judges have misused this power
but this does not justly denial Of the
power any more than an improper ex-
ercIse Of The power to call q strike by
a labor leader would Justify the denial
OF the right Co strike The remedy IL
10 regulate the procedure by requiring
the Judge t. give due notice to the ad-
verse parties before granting the writ.
the hearing 10 be eX parte II the adj
verse party does not appear at the time
ana place ordered. What Is due notice
must depend upon the facts Of the case,
II should not be used as pretest to
permit violation OF law, or the jeopar-
dizins of life or property. Ot course.
this would NOS authorize the issuing OF
q restraining order or Injunction In any
case In which II Is not already author
lied by existing law,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
EMPLOYER AND EMPL0YE.
Great Evil Of Disputes Is To Treat
Parties as OF Different Glasses.

In any great labor disturbance not
only are employer and employe inter-
ested, but also a third party--the gem
eral public. Every considerable labor
difficulty In which interstate commerce
Is involved should he investigated by
the government and the facts officially
reported TO the public.
The question OF securing healthy,
self-rcspecting and mutually sympa-
thetio attitude as between employer and
employe, capitalist and wage worker, is
a difficult one All phases Of the Ia
Dor problem prove difficult when APP
preached. Put the underlying princi-
pies, the root principles. IN accordance
with which the problem must be solved
are entirely simple. We can get justice
and right dealing only n We put as OF
paramount Importance the principle
Of treating q man on his worth as
man rather than with reference TO his
social position his occupation, or the
class TO which h. belongs There are
selfish and brutal men In all ranks OF
life. II they are capitalists their sell
iishness ana brutality may take the
form OF hard Indifference to suffering.
greedy disregard of every moral res
traint which interferes with the accu-
mutation of wealth. and -blooded
exploitation Of the weak. or. II they are
laborers, the form Of laginess Of sullen
envy Of the more fortunate, and ~
Willingness to perform deeds Of muir
derous violence. Such conduct Is Just
"a repI ehensible In one case az in the
other and all honest and farseelng men
should join IN warning against Il wher-
ever II becomes manifest Individual
capitalist and individual wage,worker,
corporation and union, are alike EMIT
tied to the protection Of the law, and
must alike obey the law. Moreover, IN
addition TO mere obedience TO the law,
each man, II he be really a good citl-
Zen, must show broad sympathy for
his neighhor and genuine desire to look
az aLy question arising between them
from the standpoint Of that neighbor
no less than from his own, and 10 this
end II Is essential that capitalist and
wage worker should consult freely one
with the other, should each strive to
bring closer the day when both shall
realize that they are properly partners
and not enemies. To approach the
quastlong which Inevitably arise be-
tween them solely from the standpoint
which treats each side In the mass as
the enemy NJ the other side in the mass
Is both wicked and foolish. In the
past the most direful among the innu-
ouces which have brought about the
downfall ~ republics has ever been the
growth Of The class spirit. the growth
" the spirit which tends to make n
man subordinate the welfare OF the
public as a whole TO the welfare Of the
particular class 20 which he be-
longs the substitution OF loyalty
10 a class for loyalty 10 the ma
ton. This inevitably brings about a
tendency 10 treat each man not on his
merits as m Individual but on hts
position AZ belonging TO certain class
IN the community II such spirit
grows up In this republic Is will ultl-
mately prove fatal 20 us, az In the past
II has proved fatal TO every community
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
pEsERE EVENING NEWS. TUESDAY. DECEMBER g. 1908

| IN which II mas become dominant IN
| less we continue 10 keep a quick and
hvely sense OF the great fundamental
ruin that our concern is with the In
| dlvidual worth of the individual man.
thls government can not permanently
hold the place which Il has achieved
among the nations, The vital lines Of
cleavage among our people do not cor
respond, ana indeed run NJ right angles
TO- the lines OF cleavage which divide
occupation from occupation, which a.
vide wase-workers from capitalists
farmers from bankers, men Of small
means from men OF large means. men
VINO i've In the towns from men who
I'VE In the country; for the vital line
OF cleavage IL the line which divides
the honest man who tries to do we'll
by his neighbor from the dishonest
man who does M by his neighbor. In
other words, the standard we shall es-
tablish In the standard % conduct, not
tue standard OF occupation, OF means.
or or social position. 1t Is the mans
moral quality, his attitude toward the
great questions which concern all hui
mainly hls cleanliness OF life his pow
or Ia DO his duty toward himself and
toward others, which really count; and
II We substitute for the standard of
personal Judgment which treats each
man according TO mis- merits. another
standard In accordance With which all
men OF one class are favored aud all
men of another class Disseminated
against. we shall do rreparable dam
age TO the body polite. | believe that
our people are too sane. too sels.re-
specting. too III for government,
ever to adopt such an attitude. This
government is not and never shall be
government by n plutocracy. This gov
ernment In not and never shall be gov
eminent by q mob. 1t shall continue
to be in the future what II has been in
the past, government based on the
theory that each man, rich or poor IL
To be treated simply and solely on his
worth as a man. that all his personal
and property rights are 10 be safe
guarded. and that he Is neither to
wrong others nor TO suffer wrong from
others
The noblest OF all forms of govern
ment is self government. but II is also
the most difficult. We who possess
this priceless boon, and who desire to
hand II on TO our children and our chill
dren's children, should ever bear In
mind the thought so finely expressed
by Burke: Men are qualified for civil
liberty In exact proportion to their dis
position TO put moral chains upon their
own appetltes: in proportion as they
are disposed to listen TO the counsels
OF the wise and good In preference to
the flattery of knaves. Society can not
exist unless controlling power upon
will and appetite he placed somewhere.
and the less OF II there be within the
more there must be without. II Is
ordained In the eternal constitution Of
things that men of Incorporate minds
can not be free. Their passions forge
their letters
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
THE CURRENCY.
Should be Element of Elasticity In
Monetary system.

III my message of Dec. 2, 1902, to the
Congress | said:
interest rates are potent factor
~ BUSINESS activity and IN order that
these rates may be equalzed 10 meet
the varying needs of the seasOnstand of
WiueV separated communities ana 10
prevent the recurrence of financial
strngehcles which iniuriously meet
legitimate business, At is necessary th,t
there shsuld be an element.of elas,ic,tv
III our monetary system, Banks are The
liatufal servants of commerce. and unon
mem should be placed, as far "a prac.
tocable the burden of furnishing ana
maintaining a circulation adequate 10
supply the needs Of our diversified I'm.
dustrles ana OF our domestic and for.
eign commerce; and the issue OF this
shouid be so regulated that n sufficient
supply should he always available for
'he business interests Of the country"
Every consideration Of prudence de-
inahds the addition Of the element NJ
'lasuclty TO our currency system. The
eNil Goes not consist in an INADEQUATE
yoiume OF money, but in the rigidlty OF
thIs Noiule. which does not respond
as II should TO the varying needs Of
communities and ot seasons. Initiation
must he avoided but some provision
should be made that will insure n larger
volume OF money during the fan and
winter months than in the lass active
seasons Of the year; so that the cur
rency VIII contract against speculation.
and VIII expand for the needs of lerl-
Innate business. 4 present the treas.
ury department Is at irregulurly recur-
ring intervals obliged, in the interest of
the business world-that Is in the inter.
ests OF the American publlc-to try 10
avert financial crises by providing
remedy which should be provided by
congressional action.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
REGULATION OF RATES.
Honest Agreement Among Railroads
TO Carry out Law Best.

The best possible regulation of rates
would. of course. be that regulation
secured by an honest agreement among
the railroads themselves 10 carry out
the law, Such q general agreement
would, for instance. at once put stop
10 the efforts of any one big shipper
or big railroad to discriminate against
or secure advantages over some rivals
and such management would make The
railroads themselves agents for enforc-
ing the law. The power vested IN the
government to put stop TO agree
ments to the detriment of the public
should In my judgment be accom-
panied BY power 10 permit under spec
fled conditions and careful SUPER
vision. agreements clearly In the
interest OF the public. But In
my judgment. the necessity FOR
giving this further power Is by no
means as great as the necessity for CIV
ing the commission or Administrative
body the powers | have enumerated
above. and II may well be inadvlsable
to attempt 10 vest this particular power
In tho commission or other admin
istrative body until It already Possesses
and IL exercising what | regard as by
far the most important OF all powers
recommend--as indeed the vitality inn
Yortant rower-that 20 fix a given max
hnum rate, which sfter the lapse OF
reasonable time, goes into fun effect,
subject 10 review by the courts.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
SAFETY APPLIANCES.
Rcnews Recommendation for Lcgisla
ton Concerning Them.

Through decisions OF the supreme
court OF the United States and the
lower federal courts In cases brought
before them for adjudication the safe
ty-appliance law has been materially
strengthened and the government has
been enabled to secure Its effective en-
forcement In almost all cases, with the
result that the condition Of railroad
equipment throughout the country Is
much improved and railroad employees
perform their duties under safer con-
ditions than heretofore. The govern
ment's most effective aid In arriving
at this result has been its inspection
service and that these improved cons
ditious are not more general II due 10
tie insufficient number Of inspectors
employed. The inspection service has
fully demonstrated its usefulness, and
In approprating for it's maintenance the
Congress should make provision FOR an
Increase In the number OF inspectors.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
PRIVATE CAR LINES
Should he Under Supervision of |. G.
Commission or Like BodN.

All ptlyate-car lines, industrial roads,
refrigerator charges, and the like should
he expressly put under the supervision
OF the interstate commerce commission
or some similar body so far as rates.
and agreements practically affecting
fntes, are concerned. The prlyate.car
owners and the owners Of Industrial
railroads are entitled To q fair and
reasonable compensation ON their in
vestment but neither private ears nor
Industrial railroads nor spur tracks
should be utilized as devices for secur.
ing preferential rates, A rebate W
icing charges, or IN mileage, on In
division Of the rate for refrgerating
charges BE just as peruicluus as a rebate
in any other way. 80 lower rate should
apply on goods imported than actually
obtains on domestic goods from the
American seabolrd TO destination eX-
cCpt iU cases where water competition
rs the controlling influence There
should be publicity of The accounts "
common c1ul7rs, no common carrier
engaged in Interstate business should
Keep any books on memoranda other
than those reported pursuant 10 law or
regulation. and these books OF memoir
nud9 should be- open 20 tho inspection
of the government only in This way
cnn violations or evasiors uf the law
ho sure ly detected \ system Of exam.
iu8tIon OF railroad accounts should he
provided similar 10 that now conducted
into the national banks by the bank
examiners. u fpW nrst-oluss railroad
accountants. " they had proper dircc-
tioH and proper authority TO- inspect
books and papers, could accomplish
much 900 preventing vinml violations of
thh law. ID would not be necessary for
them tu pNVmiu" into thr accounts uf
amy railroad unless for good reasons
They We're directed Co du Ser by the I'M
torst3tr commerce commission. N Is
greatly 60 De desired that SOME way
might De- found by which au agreement
NJ ~ trauspouatira within state m-
feuLsu go operate as "a fraud un0n mo
federal Interstate commerce laws Gould
70 brought under The jurisdiction of the
federal authorities. At present IL oc-
ours that large shipments of Interstate
trJihc are controlled by concessions on
purely state business. which OF course
amounts 90 an evasion of the
law. The commission should have
power 20 enforce fair treatment by the
great trunk lines OF lateral and branch
lines.
urge upon the Congress the need OF
providing for expeditions action by the
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1905-12-05
FEDERAL ELECTIONS
should be a Law Against Brlber, ana
Corruption In Them.

aT.h' iSs. annual message SAID.
ihv power or the government IN
tect the integrity Of the elect,Nrp'v ply.
us own officials In Inherent nnS y
oeen recognized and affirmed h.. NAV
peated declarations Of the 49,. S re-
court There In no enemy Of sra Sp' o
erlneht more dangerous ana nons
luscious ~ the corruption of Tho y, 81
eora'e, NO one defends or excrs,,
corruption, and II would seem Ia foii,,s
un's none would oppose vigorous msos'
us W efpulcate II. ] recommend ~.
enactment OF law directed a, e'1s
yl,uers ana corruption In federal elec'
tons. The details OF such ia''. s.eV'
be safely left TO the wise dlscre,,o may
the Congress, bnt It should 70 sy o.. t
as under the Constitution II Il uossttSl
10 so, ana should Include severe na,,
aries against him who gives or recslvn,
brioe intended to influence his ~,
or opinion as an elector and provisio,s
Tor the publication not only OF tho av
pehoitures for nominations ana ale.
uOhs OF all candidates, but also NJ ~
contributions received and expendi,urs.
made by political committees"
desire 10 repeat this recommend,
ton, In political campaigns In a cour.
Try as large and populous as ours n I,
inevitable that there should he rnnoh
axpensc OF an entirely Legitimate kIri
This, of course, means that many con,
tribniicns, and some Of them OF arg,
sue. inust be made, and, as matter NJ
fact, IN any big political contest .l,cL
Contributions are always made TO both
SIDES II ~ entirely proper both IL
give and receive them, unless there 4,
an improper motive connected ,cir
other olft mr. ra1.,,tIn,, 80
eXtorted by any kind OF pressure n,
promise, expressed or implied. direct or
Indirect, in the way OF favor or iinmun.
ity then tho giving or receiving he.
comes not only improper but criminal
II viii undoubtedly be difficult as
matter OF practical detail to shape an
act which shall guard with reasonable
certainty against such misconduct but
IL II Is possible to secure by law tho
full and verified publication In det9n
of all the sums contributed 10 ana
expended h. the candidates or commit.
tees Of any political parties the resul,
can not but be wholesome. All CON.
uributons by corporations to any polit.
ical committee or for any political pur-
pose should be forbidden by law: di.
rectors should not be permitted 10 use
stockholders money for such purposes
and, moreover, a prohibition Of thl,
Bind would he. as far as II went, an
effective method OF stopping the
evils Gimed at in corrupt prac-
tlses acts. Not only should both
the national and the several
state legislatures forbid any Off.
Ger of a corporation from using the
money OF the corporation In or about
any election, but they should also for.
bid such use of money In connection
with any legislation save by the EN-.
ployment Of counsel In public manner
for distinctly legal services