The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1905-07-19
HISTORY OF ODESSA.
Scene of Outbreak Is Russia's
Fourth City.

Connected with Exporting, Ship.
Built on High Terrace, Which
Descends by Steep Crags to the Sea
Odessa, the scene of the recent out
break in Russia, is an unfortitied city.
1t is the most important point on the
merce the fourth city of Russia, sur
passed only by st. Petersburg, Mos
cow and Warsaw, says the Philadel-
phia Public Ledger 1t has communi-
cation by regular steamship lines with
the chief ports of Europe and by rail
westward to Europe and eastward to
Asia. The population is about 100000
of whom only about one-third are RUS
slams. Probably no city of the world
is more cosmopolitan. Representa-
fives of the scores of races of central
and southern Europe, of the Transcau-
casian regions and of Asia are there in
numbers together with small colonies
of Europeans of all nationalities and
a number of Americans. The Euro
peans and Americans are, as rule,
connected with the various consulates
or with foreign firms, which are repre-
scented in Odessa by upward of hun
bred agencies.
The city is situated on the southern
shore of a semicircular bay at the
northwestern angle Of the Black sea
and is 933 miles distant from Moscow
and 403 miles from Kiev. Its COM
mercial Importance comes from the
fact that it receives the internal COM
merce that seeks outlet via the Black
sea from the regions traversed by two
great rivers the DniepeF, with trib-
utary, the Bug, and the Dniester. The
bay of Odessa, which has an area of
fourteen square miles and a depth of
thirty feet, with a soft bottom, Is a
dangerous anchorage on account OF it's
exposure to easterly winds. Shipping
lies, therefore, in two harbors, both pro-
tected by NOTES.-The Quarantine har-
bor,' from four to. twenty-one feet
dp,,o. and the so called practical harbor
for coagtIng vessels, with a maximum
depth of eleven feet. 1t is from an
anchorage in the former that the guns
of the Kniaz Potemkine look out over
the city. The city is built on ter
race from 100 to $50 feet in height,
which descends by steep crags to the
sea, and on the other side is continu-
GUS with the level Of the steppe.
The general aspect of Odessa Is that
of wealthy west European city. It's
schief 4mbankment, bordered with tall
and handsome houses, forms fine
promenade; a superb fight Of steps
lescends to the sea from its central
jouare, which is adorned with a statue
of Richelieu A cathedral, finished in
1g49, other ecclesiastical and public
structures, public parks, etc, add
beauty and dignity to many section u
the city, Various suburban bathing
resorts line the seashore for several
miles on either side of the city proper.
Odessa is the real capital, intellectual
and commercial of the so called NoVo-
rossia. which includes the governments
of Bessarabia and Khers0n. Odessa,
like St. Petersburg and Moscow, re
ceived in 1868 new municipal conSti-
tuition, with an elective mayor munich
pal assembly and executive council 1t
is also an educational center, and has
a university which replaced Richeileu
Iyceum in 1860, and has upward OF
1000 students.
The population of Odessa has in
creased in mighty leaps. In 1914,
twenty years after its foundation, 1t
had $4,000 inhabitants. In 1850 Odessa
had 100000 inhabitants, in 1884 there
were 100000, and since that date the
total has more than doubled, due large
~ to railroad development in Trans
caucasia.
The leading occupations Of the inhab-
itants are connected with exporting
.ehjpping and manufactures. Manutac-
fured products include -four, tobacco,
machinery, leather, soap, chemicals,
breadstuffs, rope and carriages. EX-
ports include grain, -four, wool, talloW
hides. cattle about 100000 head, soap,
rope and spirits, while imports include
tea. coffee. rice, cotton. tobacco and
manufactured articles of many kinds.
The total business of the port annually
equals several hundred millions OF dol
lars and increases year by year.
The bay of Odessa was colonized by
Greeks at very early period Their
ports, Istrianorum Portus and lsiaco-
rum Portus, on the shores of this bay,
carried on a lively trade for many
years, but disappeared in the third and
fourth centuries, leaving only heaps Of
ruins. In the fourteenth century this
region belonged to the Lithuanians.
= These people and subsequently the
Poles kept the country under their do
minion until the siXteenth century,
when it was seized by the Tartars and
still later by the Turks. In 1877 came
the Cossacks, who burned what towns