davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30

this country largely depended upon
foreign markets for seeds, but between
1850 and 1870 rs many seed farms
were established as had been during
the thirty years before the conflict.
Growers also became expert and the
market gardener found he could get
from tie Sccdmcn Just rs good seed
as he could save himself and at less
cost. The business of seed-raising in
creased rapidly after the war, farms
being established in various parts of
the eastern United States. In 1875
seed growing commenced in Califor-
mia, when r. W. Wilson planted 80
acres to bocts. onions. lettuce and car
rots for seed purposes.
Two Thousand Acre Seed Farm.
From this beginning the business "" :
grown to enormous proportions. Now
a single firm of growers devotes annu-
ally some 1000 acres to seed crops.
Onion and lettuce are staple seed
crops, while carrot, celery. leek, en-
dive. kale. kohl-rabi, arsnips and
parsley are all grown by California
seed growers.
While the census of 1890 showed
that there were in the United States
596 seed farms, containing 169.5S0
acres, the census of 1900, with incom-
plete returns, showed more than $500
seed farms. The Census Office made
an effort to collect statistics of seed
growing farms. but owing to the re-
fusal of a number of the large firms
handling seed to furnish the names OF
the farmers growing seed for them,
the information secured was very In
complete.
Not n small part of seed growing Is
rovctnd to the raising of flower seed.
E!oWpr seeds havn hnnn rnr,1In rl,,
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30
Seeds terminate Quickly,

Most seeds will terminate in from
three to ten days. The apparatus re-
Quired IL very simple-a pan, some
cotton flannel Or cotton batting, q little
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30

ing tiic War for Independence the adj
yertisiug of this cummudity appar-
emily ceased. although it i, hardly be-
licved that there was not Il time but
what one could purchase seeds in any
of the lltt.reee- ..es " lAat plEind.
A Pioneer Scotsman.
In 17Sl. David Lardr"th commenced
operations in Philadelphia; Bernard
N'AIahun, in that same city i'll lSO0,
while in 1913, Grant Thorburn began
TO sell seeds in New York. By 1890
Inc population had Increased from
shout three million in 1890. to ten
and half millions. TO meet The
growing demand for vegetables and
flowers. these ten and Il half millions
required more than three and Il half
times as many seeds as were used in
1890. Dealers established themselves
In the principal cities and crossed the
mountains.
Along with the reaching out for
trade came the increasing size and
prominence of the catalogue. The ear
Hest seed catalogues were mere lists
not intended for general distribution.
Thorburn probably issued the first
seed catalogue as early as 1923.
shortly after the civil war the cata-
logue became more prominent. Its
size was increased and a few illustra-
lions appeared. Novelties were not as
numerous twenty years ago as they
are today; they were not given so
much attention either Today there is
not an important catalogue but gives
considerable space to novelties.
Seedsmen are on the alert for novel;
ties: they are the money makers. The
modern catalogue, with its profuscly
illustrated pages white in sense the
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30

half.toncS and color plates. The bar
rel of peas first sold in Newport has
grown to hundreds of bags, and the
few thousand packets TO millions. The
modern seed house has every mcchani-
cal contrivance to aid in making the
business economical and systematic.
From the cellar TO the mailing room
everything is So arranged that orders
may be filled with accuracy and dis
patch. During the late summer and
early fall catalogues are prepared for
mailing, and seeds packed in / 2'ii'
for distributions While one hundred
letters Il day was considered large
business thirty years ago, some houses
row receive over six thousand daily
during the busy season.
OF course TO supply this enormous
trade much attention must be paid to
the growing of the seed. The present
development of gardcn-sccd growing
began when David Iandrcth cStah-
liShed 4 small seed farm ut Philadel
pha in 1ISi. During the Civil War
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30

grewn in this country for at least fifty
years The amount raised, even at
the present time, is not sufficient 10
meet the trade and the greater part Of
the flower-Secd sold is imported from
Europe.
Importance of Seed Testing.
Since the days of tradition great
deal of attention has been paid to
seed testing for quality of germina-
ton. Seeds have been lOated or have
been heated until they popped; they
have been broken and the fracture
noted; they have been cut and judged
by the appearance Of the inside.
Various experiment stations of the
United States have, for a long time
paid much attention TO practical seed
testing. The Department of Agricul-
ture for nearly eight years has con-
Quoted trial ground in connection
with its seed laboratory where studies
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30

water and a warm place in the
kitchen. a stitch in time often saves
nine, and little trouble a month be-
fore planting time may make the
farmer or the gardener considerable
money and conduce greatly TO his hap
pineSs and good temper. Nothing is
certainly more aggravating than to
pillow, fine the ground well, plant, and
then, as the golden moments of spring
slip by, wait in vain for the young
plants 10 appear, or secure only half
stand.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30

BEATING OUT HEMP SEED IN KEN.
TCCkI.
English and Dutch homes. These Of
course were of such plants as were
considered neceSSarics of liEe-corn
barley and peas, while fruit trees
were also set out
Early Records show that in 1868,
Nathaniel Bird. book dealer of New
port, H. l., advertised garden seeds
just arrived from London, The fol-
lowing year an announcement was
made by Gideon Wcllcs that he had
some choice Connecticut onion seeds
for sale. In New York city hemp and
fax seeds were advertised for sale as
early as 1865. Boston, however, he
ing the commercial center in the early
days, was the chief city for the sale
of garden seeds. In 1861 out of TWEEN
ty-siX advertisers in the RoSton Ga
zette, six We're dealers in seeds. Dur
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30
GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL

Scedman's agent. is a textbook of hor-
t;culturc. Millions of these hooks find
their way into rural homes and become
the basis hy which tie amateur gard
cner derives a knowledge Of varieties
and even methods of growing plants
Under varied conditions.
Seed Growing a Big Industry.
Tie seed trade has changed quite as
much as has the catalogue, first with
its wOodeut engravings, to excellent
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30
A CLOVER SEED sToRE.uoUsE.

both with regard to their germinativc
quality and their trueness to name.
There is great opportunity for adulter-
alton, and many farmers are apt to
consider they are saving money if they
can get seeds at Il reduced rate, find
ing out when it is too late that they
have been swindled with false varie-
ties or that perhaps so per cent. of
their seeds fail utterly Of termination.
Personal Seed Tests.
The average farmer, however. would
do well to carry OH a little seed test
ing establishment of his own each
year, and this course is advocated by
the Department of Agriculture. In
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30
A CALIFORNIA ONION PATCH.

fact, the Department will send any
body a pamphlet describing simple
methods of testing seeds.
Firms with any reputation behind
them can not afford TO work off poor
seeds. and If lot of seed is tested
and found to be defective in germina-
tive qualities. the seedsmen will prob
ably stand ready to supply good arti-
Gle in its place. The fault,in fact. may
not be the seedman's. Although the
seed dealers attempt to convey the
idea that they raise their own seeds
on their own farms. such practice is
manifestly impossible where vast sup
piles Of seeds are furnished. They
raise some of the seeds, but large
quantities are contracted for by them
with other growers and farmers, and
there Is always a chance Of the seeds
men themselves being imposed upon.
So that it Is we'll for the individual
grower to test each batch of farm or
garden seeds which he expects to
plant. The test which he can make
will show him nothing regarding vari-
cites; he may be getting common
cabbage instead of some high-priced
novelty, that can only be determined
at the end Of the year; but the gov
eminent experiments along this line
are effectually holding the more FIRE.
spOnsible seedsmen in line, and the
farmer himself can check up with his
seedsmen on the question Of germi-
nation.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30
Mulberry Fences.

There are but few fences in ia
pan. The mulberry tree is planted in
stead, the leaves of which furnish food
for silk worms. Nearly 100000 acres
are thus utilized.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1905-11-30

One of the most thriving businesses
In the United States today and which
seemingly carries on its work regard
less of the fluctuations of stocks on
the great exchanges, is the growing
and selling of seeds. From SHALL =
ginnings in the colonial period tbs
business has grown 50 that now is
value in measured by the tens of M.
lions. The first beginning Of the sryd
business connected i'll small Stops
where a few boxes of sNcd shared Il
corner with coGish or Il shelf With
calicoes or books. To-day ii his come
to claim for itself Immense ware
houses and business establishments,
having interests which extend 10
every portion OF tie globe.
The Pilgrims probably were the first
introduccrs of seeds into this country,
for they brought with them seeds OF
The plants cultivated by thcla IL their
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
ACCEPTED ~ RUSSIA.
First Three Articles Of the Peace
Treaty as Agreed TO.

First Three Articles Of the Peace
Treaty 40 Agreed To.
Portsmouth, N. H., Aug. 16.-The
first three of the twelve articles which
constitute the Japanese conditions
were agreed to by Russia. as follows:
First Russia's recognition OF. ,Ja-
pans 'preponderating influence" and.
special position In Korea, which Rus
sia henceforth agrees is outside Of her
sphere of influence japan binding
herself to recognize the suzerainty Of
the reigning family, but with the right.
to give advice and assistance to Inn
prove the civil administration Of the.
empire si ssss ssss' ss s3 Nh; s5
Second Mutual obligation to svac-
uate Manchuria, each to surrender I'll
special privileges n that province:
mutual obligation to respect the ter
ritorial integrity" 81 China and to
maintain the principle 81 equal oppor.j
tunity for the commerce and industry:
81 all nations IN that province 7 \ topsn
door, ", 81
Third ~ gc,sssion to china 81 ths
Chinese Eastslrn railro from HAlbtnj
south IN .s3a
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
CONTEST NOTICE.
Department of the Interior.
11nitaN Stotoe Top1 nN}oo Nf;nDt n

United States Land Office Minot, North
Dakota, June II, 1905.
A sof1cient contest affidavit having been filed
in this office by George Morrow contestant,
against Homestead entry No. 1854, made Aug.
q, 1904, for me- nw14 section 8, township 49,
l' g. by Harry &. ottens, ceontestee, in
0ttens has wholly abandoned the said land and
changed his place of residence therefrom and
that he has been absent from the said land con-
tinuoqasly for period Of more than six months
contest affidavit; and that said alleged alb.
sence from the said land was not due to his EN-:
plOymentin the army, navy or marine corps OF
the ". s. as q private soldier, officer, seaman
or marine during the war with Spain or during
gagged; said parties are hereby notified to ap:;
pear, respond and offer evidence touching said
allegation at 10 O'Clock q. m. on August II, 1906
before the Register and Receiver Of the United
The said contestant having, ina proper .affi-
davit filed June 8, 1905: set forth facts which
show that after due diligence, personal service
Of this notice cannot be made, 1t is hereby or
dered and directed that such notice be given
by due and proper publication.
$50 r. C. Sanborn, Register.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
ALIAS CONTEST NOTICE
Department Of the interior,
United States Land Office, Minot North yI

Department of the interior,
United States Land Office, Minot. North yDa-
kota, July 26, 1905.
A sufficient contest affidavit having been filed
in this office by Ellen Romsaas contestant,
against Homestead entry No 22766 made June
l. 1903, for SW!4 section 2, township 149, range
IS, BY Knqte Bake. contestee, in which il IS a.
established his residence thereon; that he has
not at any time cultivated the same or any part
thereof; that he has not at any time made any
Improvements thereon Of any kind that he has
months last past and that said alleged absence
from the said land was not due to his employ
ment in the army, navy or marine corps as pri-
y, yate soldier officer, seaman or marine during
which the United States may be engaged; said
parties are hereby notified to appear, respond
% O'clock a: m On September 20, 1895 before the
Land Office in Minot, N. Oak.
The said contestant having, in 9 proper afl-
shoW that after due diligence personal service
dered and directed that such notice be given by
due and proper publication.
T. E. Fox, Receiver.
c. Aurland, Atty, Minot. N. D. 81
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
NOTICE OF MORTGAGE SALE

Notice is hereby given that that certain mort,
Moser lwidower) Mortgagor to Nathan y;
Barnes Mortgage, dated the first day Of April
1904. and fled for record in the office Of the
Register Of Deeds q the County 20 Mclean
and State Of North Dakota, on the twelfth day
Of May l9oa and RECORDED IL Beck 81 Ct Mort.
of the premises in such mortgage and herein
after described, at the front door q the Court
North Dakota, q the hour Of 10 o'clock 4, ~,
on the twenty-ninth day of Augusta. D. 1906,
to satisfy the amount due upon such mortgage
on the day Of SALE, The premises described in
the same are described as follows RI
The north east, lone quarter of the south. west
one quarter lneh sw,1l y, and north half 81 Che
south east one querrter "a sehl and. apnth
(swA Of neAl, section twenty .fonI -. y in
township one hundred and fifty (150) and range
iseventy-seyen az y. 4 IA III sy \ lsgS liz " 5.s
There viii be due on such mort ~ the
day of sale Che sum 81 One Hundred and 1ifty-
five and 19l 100 Dollars, besides the costs and
expenses Of said sale and STATUTORY att0Ht q
fees. n :es5 81 e & ri
49,, 4, d, III . r. l a.4 4.
sssa ttoEaels fps q
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
BIDS FOR GRADING WANTED.

The Board of County Commissioners will re
cieve sealed bids for grading road beginning at
the southwest corner of section %, thence east
ON section line to the southeast corner of the
147, range 81. All bids to he at so much per
yard, which shall include the furnishing of all
material and putting in Of suitable box culvert
Surveyor. Settlement viii be made upon the
number of yards as estimated by the County
Surveyor. Bids will be received up to 3 o'clock
p. NJ, Sept 4th. 1905.
By order of tho Board of County Commissions
ers.
o. B. WING,
County Auditor.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
Alias Contest Notice.
Department of the Interior,
limited Stafns Land nMan

Department of the Interior,
United States Land Office Minot,
North Dakota. July 2S, 1905.
"A sufficient contest affidavit having been
filed in this office by Frank J. VanFleet, con-
testant, against Homestead entry No. 2299233s3 ,
made July 20, 1904, for the NEA of section "a,
township 10 1S; range S. by Vernon e Jones' con
man has wholly abandoned tbs said premises;
that he has been absent therefrom for more
than six months last past; that he has never
estaRls b his residences thereon; that he has
in any manner. whatsoever, and that said al
legged absence from the said land was not due
to his employment in the army, navy or marine
Cops Of the United States as private soldier,
Spain or during any other war in which the
United States may be engaged:
Said parties are. hereby notified to ap.
pear ,sepond and offer evidence teaehng ssd
before the Register and Receiver at the United
States Land Office in Minot, N. D.
The said contestant having in Il proper affl
davit filed July II, 1905, set forth facts which
show that after due diligence personal service
OF this notice cannot be made, it is hereby or
dered and directed that such notice be given
by due and proper publication.
81 7. E. Fox. Receiver.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
ALIAS CONTEST NOTICE.
Department of the Interior,
United States Land Office. MinOt. N. D..

July 20, l.U0.
A sufficient contest affidavit having been
filed in this office by Arthur F. McLane, con.
testant, against Homestead entry No. 2O338
made December 20 1902. for the NWA Of sectio
26, township $50, range s6 by August Lorenzen
tryman has wholly abandoned said premises
and has been absent therefrom for more than
six months last past; that he has never estab
lished a residence thereon, and has never cul
tiyated or improved said land in any manner
whatsoever: and that said alleged absence from
the said land was not due to his employment in
the army. navy or mari ri corps of the United
marine during the war with Spain or durinle
which the United States may be engaged; said
parties are hereby notified to appear, respond
10 O'Clock a. m. on September, 49,, 1905. before
the Register and Receiver Of the United States
The said contestant having, in proper aft
davit filed July II. 1905, set forth facts which
show that after due diligence personal service
of this notice cannot be made. it is hereby. or
dered and directed that such notice be givcr
by due and proper publication.
S-i-4t I. +. Fox, Receiver.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
CONTEST NOTICE.
Department of the Interior !,

United States Land Office. Bismarck,
North Dakota, July rs, 1905.
A sufficient contest affidavit haying been filed
i'll this office by Alice Landsyerk, contestant,
against Homestead entry No. 26l12, made Oct.
Is. 1908, for So Of NWl4 and lots 3 and T. sec
ion s township ~ range 81 BY Jason Wilson ls?1
Jason Wilson has wholly abandoned the said
land for period Of more than six months last
whatever and that said alleged
absence was not due TO his employment in the
army, navy or marine corps Of the United
notified to appear, respond and offer evidence
touching said allegation at 10 O'Clock a. M. OH
Nov. I, 1905, before J. T. McCulloch w. Com
missioner at Washburn. N. D., and that final
hearing will be held at clock 2. m on Nov
United States Land Office in Bismarck, N. D..
The said contestant having, in Il proper affi
-<lavit filed July 26 1905, set forth which show
that after due diligence personal service of thi:
notice cannot be made, it is hereby ordered ant
directed that such notice be given by due ane
proper publication.
81 NJ. H. Jewell Register.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
CONTEST NOTICE
Department of the Interior,
United States Land Office. Bisma

Su1UCu iJGdttS LduU NHCc. DlSllluTCk,
North Dakota, June Ii, 1906.
sufficient contest affidavit having been filed
in this office by Julia NJ: Stearns, contestant,
against homestead entry No. 1928 made Oct. %,
1901 for the seA, section II, township147 n range
50 W. by Ole o. Langdok contestee, in which it is
alleged that said claimant has wholly. abal-
doned said tract; that he has changed his resi-
dence therefrom for more than six months
since making said entry; that said tract is not
settled upon and cultivated by, said party as
exists, Further that the said alleged absence
from the said d land was not due to his employ
int time of war. Said parties are hereby noti-
touching said allegation at 10 O'clock A. NJ, Sep.
ID; 1893, before Jamss T. M sc Y; S; Com;
that final hearing will be held at o'clock p. nj.
on Sep; Is? 1893 before the Register and Receiver
The said contestant having, in a proper atfi
davit tiieo ;;.......;:;:.. set forth facts which
Of this notice cannot be made, it is hereby. or
dered and directed that such notice be given
by due and proper publication.
~ John Satterlund, Receiver.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18
Alias Contest Notice.
Department of the Interior.
United States Land Office, Minot, N. D.,



United States Land Office, Minot, N. D.,
May 1, 1905.
sufficient contest affidavit having been filed
in this office by David I. Blair, Contestant,
against Homestead entry No. 237S5, made July
6, 1908, for NWA section %, township 140 n,
range S8iw. by Ben Lasher contestee, in which
it is alleged that said Ben Lasher has wholly
abandoned the same for q period Of more than
six months last past and has failed to make
any improvements thereon; and that said al
to his employment in the army, navy or marine
corps OF the Quilted States as q private soldier,
officer. seaman or marine during the war with
Spain or during any other war in which the
United States may be engaged;
pond and offer evidence touching said allega.
ton q 10 o'clock e. m. on Sept. 1895, before
Land Office IN Ninot, N. D. a q B IA
The said contestsnt having IN 2 proper sf1-
show that after duo diligence personal service
Ct this NOTICE cannot Be made, it Il hereby or.
dered and directed that such notice. be given
by due and proper publication. als
Sill 7. =. Fox, Reesiver.s ~ S (
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-08-18

Blsisdsll ana Bird. D ]. " y B Mort ssgse.
ttoKpeEA, fDs g0Stgegee q,