davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1905-05-13

Health is wealth. Eat Royal Bread.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1905-05-13

saltair, dancing tonight o'clock
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1905-05-13
STORM AT CINCINNATI,

SaItair. dancing tonight O'Clock.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1905-05-13

.ircus or meuaEeric- or circus ana
roenag arie combined. or Wild west
show including sideshOwS, for the
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
GALLERIES PACKED.
Judge Swayne Plays to Full House al
lmpea chment Proceedings.

WASHINGTON Jan. 21.-Brfore | O'Clock.
the galleries We're packed and areas back
OF the senators seats were nltd with
members OF the House who came 10 AL
tend the ceremonies.
At O'Clock Senator Plat WtD was
called to the chair Five senators who
wer- not present Oh the previous d;tN
We're sworn. A message was sent 10 III.
House announcing that The Senate was
sitting for the trial ot tn Impeachment.
Six of the House managers appeared
ana the proceedings Of the last session
of the s.achmcnt Were read.
Former Senators Anthony Higgins and
John NJ. 1hurstOn took seats az counsel
for Swayne. When Judge Swayne was
summoned TO appear at the bar Of the
Senate. MIR. Higgins responded
Through his counsel judge SWIync ask
"a seven days To maxi. answer.
An order was entered that SWayne an
SWtr on Feb. ..
Manager Palmer offered an ordrr tina,
witnesses ht summoned on the 10Th OF
II bruary ana that ;he trial proceed on
Feb. Il. Mr.. Thurston suggested thar the
trial proceed F"h. 10. Mr. Bailey though
the trial would proceed Feb. 3.
Mr.. Spooter said il would b" undue
hast" to have the trial proceed on the day
the answer Of Judge Swaync was made.
Manager Palmer thoUgh- TIL, time
should hc extended a. prorrSed in Order
THAI all ptadinSs might be properly
formed.
In reply to Mr.. Blackburn. Manager
Palmer stated that in following pleCe-
dents all papers and pleadingS must b..
submitted to the House for approval.
Mr. Fairbanks stated that ht Offered The
Nth on the understanding that the man-
ayers could not offer such order. II was
agreed to ana the 5. natt,' as a trial court
adjourned until neNi Friday al ! clock.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
QUIET IN MOSCOW.
Every Prospect Of termination Of
Strike Without BIoodshed.

Moscow, Jan. 27.-I0 A. M-The night
rassed quietly. Work was resumed.
Friday morning. Tin some of the fac
tories Of the Samosk Waretsohje quar-
ter.
There is everv prospect Of termina-
ton of the strike without bloodshed.
Only now is the political side of the
movement coming to the surface. As
sistant Police Chief Roudneff has also
posted proclamation pointing out
that the governments action will be
4 reduction Of the hours of labor, etc.
declaring that the preservation Of or
der is indispensable ard urging the
workmen to re oturn to work. Although
this is pay day the employers at the re-
quest of the authorities have posted
notices at the closed factories that the
men will not be paid until work is re-
sumed. the fear being that il they are
paid while idle they will indulge in
vodka and preripitate trouble which
the employers and the authorities are
seriously trying to avoid.
Troops are still posted at various
ponts in the city but so far as posi-
ble they are kept out of sight in order
to avoid irritating the workmen.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
MAKES REQUIRED SPEED.
Cruiser Maryland Averages Over %
Knots an Hour on Trial.

Roston, Jan. 27.-With a keen northwest
winuy wind striking her ahcam. the ar
mored cruiser Maryland which was built
for the United States government by the
Newport News Shlpbuilding and Dry
Dock Co, attained her official trip TODAY
an average speed of 222.36 knots an hour
thereby exceeding her contract require
ment of - knots. The Maryland is the
fourth and last of type OF fast cruisers
to have a trial off this coast. of the
three which have preceded. the Penrsyl-
wanna. the fastest of these. averaged - 81
knots an hour. 1t was unofIicially an
nounced by the trial board today. how
ever, that the tidal corrections for the
trial of the Maryland are in the ships
favor TO from II TO 1S1-Hnth of n knot If
this tidal correction is over .124 of knot
the Maryland will be recorded as the
SpeediCst cruiser of the class. The trial
course. today. extended from Thatcher's
island. off Gloucester. to Cape Porposc
and return. n distance of ~ knots. The
Maryland was found to have quick work,
ing steering gear. establishing q record
for the throwing of the helm hard over
when The big shin was describing q figure
at the conclusion Of the official run
1t was found that the run was held unde:
an economic consumption of coal Dur
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
1T WILL WEAR AWAY.
Authorities Do Not Look for Further
Trouble at Moscow.

Moscow. Jan. 21-The day passed off
quietly. Il is now almost certain thai the
strike movement in Moscow and its imme-
date vicinity will wear itself out within
a few days The printers returned to
work. this afternoon. and q couple more
factories south Of rhe river have reopen
ed. hut il S suspected that the men are
trying to evadc the order that they should
not be paid unless they resume work ana
that after receiving their wages tomor-
row. they may again strike. The manu-
faCturcS. there fore. will not he quite reS-
sured until Sunday has gone by. hut they
remain confident of the ability Of the :lu
thorities 70 put down. disturbances This
confidence. combined with the announce
ment that the minister Of finance Is
studying III" statement Of the men,
grievances explains the decision of the
manufacturers meeting not to make col
lectiVe concessions.
The Douma in extraordinary session.
this evening. decided to take precautions
airy measures to safeguard the water gas
and electric works in the event OF riutins
and also appointed a special committepe
to investigate the cause Of the present
movement. This committee is likely to
become an intermediary for manufactIIr-
ers and men and help them to adjust their
differences. Alarming reportS have been
received from Voznesanek. the
Russian manufacturing center. Rein
forcemcntS will he sent there.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
A CABINET MEETING.
The Science Of Jiu Jitsu is Fully Dis
cussed-Board to Study Matter.

Washington, Jan. II Some time ago
President Roosevelt directed attention
through letters to Secretaries Taft and
Morton to the dcSIrabilty of encour-
aging the physical developments Of Ca
detS at both military and naval acad-
emiCs. Subsequently the suggestion
was made that Instructors be employed
AT the a"Hd' mics to teach the science Of
Jiu JitSu, the Japanese method Of
wrestling. At The cabinet meeting, to-
day. the entire subject was considered
very fully. 1t WAS decided to appoint
Il Joint military and naval board to
study tn" matter, with the idea Of sup
plying the cadets at the two national
academies with instruction not only in
wrestling, but III sword exercises ana
other forms of exercises, which might
prove Of value to the cadets in per-
SOGal encounters. II Was pointed Out
that the pending Eastern war had
demOnSt rated that hand to hand en-
counters We're much more likely to oc-
cur in the course of war than had been
supposed.
The cabinet also discussed the subject
OF government supervision of wireless
tc'"2ra!hy. 1t is likely that Secreta-
rirS Morton ana Taft will bring tn"
subject to the attention of Congress III
u formal way. recommending the leg
isation they deem desirable.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28

the day is very near when 4 host of work
inGnen will rise up more mcnaclnS, more
conscious and like one man. wn" VIII
strike for their own freedom and the lrrr-
dom of all Russia.
Weep not for the slain heroes BE
comtorted. Beaten we have been. hlM
not conquered. Let uS tear up an p"i
traits of the bloodthirsty Car and say to
him: BE ihou acCulSed, with all thS
most reptile blood
George Gopon. Priest"
The most vehement OF the three letters
in part is as follows: o
chalce has been filled with blood We
intended TO go peacefully to the Car win
a petition ON Jar. - or this. our inteh-
ton. we informed his Mameluke ministers
the troops and not to hinder us from ap-
preaching cur monarch To the Emperor
himself | forwarded letter on Jan ~. re-
uueSting him to come forth to his people
with grateful heart and courageous soul
At tie price of our own lives we suaran-
teed him invioIalliry OF his person.
And what came of il? Innocent blood
was none the less shed. The miScreant
Gar and his malicious officials. who are
robbers of the treasury and plundcrerS of
| the Russian nation. deliberately resolved
| to beat and massacre our unarmed BROTH
| erS, their wives and children. The bullets
| of the tmperOr'S troopS. which at NarNa
street killed workingmen who We're hear
| ing the EmperCr'S portraits, pierced those
portraits and killed our faith in the Car.
| But we shall wrcak vengeance. broth
| ers. on the Car. accursed by his people,
| on all his impe rial reptiian blood. ON his
ministers and on all pillaGers of tn" i'll
starred Russian land. Death to them all,
| Il call upon all who are seriously de-
sirous of helping the hard working Rus
| sian people 10 live and brea The freely to
| come forward and assist when and how
| they can. | call upon all thinking men.
upon students. upon revolutionary organ
| i2ationS. the Social Democrats AMI Social
keVOlutiOniStS. to lend Il Eand He " hO
| is not with the people is against the pco-
ple.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
GoPON CURSES CAR.
Leader Of Russian Strikers Writes
Three Incendiary Letters.

ST. Petersburg, Jan. 27-Father Gopon
is at liberty, but is in hiding. Inactive he
is not. No fewer than three letters of his
have been circulated at secret meetings.
The following is an exact translation OF
his epistle to the Russian army:
Against the soldiers and officers who
are slaying their innocent brothers, to-
gether with their wives and children, and
against all oppressors of the people. I ut
ter my pastoral curse. Upon the soldiers
who help the nation to win liberty I In
woke blessing. and from the military
the traitorous Car. at whose hehest the
blood of innocent people was shed, l do
hereby absolve them.
George Gopon Priest"
A letter addressed to operatives SAYS:
brothers and Workmen: Innocent blood
of the people has been spilled. We harbor
within us sentiments of bitterness and
vengeance against the bestial Car and
the jackals his ministers, and. believe me,
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
Competent JUDGES.

Beauty Doctors Endorse Herpicide.
Women who make a business Of beau
tifying other women come pretty near
knowing what will bring about the best
results. Here are letters from two, con-
corning Herpicide:
can recommend Newbro's "Herpt-
cids." as 1t stopped my hair from falling
out: and. as q dressing it has no super
ior.
"(signed.) Bertha A. Trullinger.
"Complexion Specialist,
~ Morrison ST., Portland, Ore
After using one bottle Of "Herpicide"
my hair has stopped falling out, and my
scalp IL entirely free from dandruff
(signed) Grace Dodge.
Beauty Doctor.
'16 Sixth st.. Portland, Ore"
Sold by leading druggists Send 1oc in
stamps for sample to The Herpicide Co.,
Detroit. Mich.
D0v0teA Wobstr Z Co., Dpsclal Assnks
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
THE TENNESSEE LEGISLATURE
VIII Attend Inaugural Ceremonies in
Washington in Body.

Washington. Jan 2.-Representativo
Erovnl0w Of Tennessee. TODAY advised thu
'nt platiI'als 'tt
Washington, March !. in a special car To
participate in President Roosevelts in
ausural parade. Mr.. BrownlowS letter
says that the governor declines to join
the party"
1t is expected that the department Of
the Potomac, q. A. r.. will accompany
the President from the White House tu
the CAPITOL as personal escort. disland-
ing ut the capitol and not participating III
the parade or review.
The Rough Riders will head the militia
rN division in the paraue as escort of hon
or ihc veterans Immediately following
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
GOVERNMENT STATEMENT
Concerning the Orders to the Dixie to
Proceed to San DOMINGO.

Washington. Jan. 27.-The navy depart
ment, today, issued the following state
ment:
ON Jan. 70. orders We're issued to Rear
Admral SiSsbee authorizing him to send
the Dixie with 200 marines from Panama
~ HHintanamo. where they will he held
III readiness for use elsewhere No other
orders have been issued to the Dixie. no
hurry orders of any kind and so far as
tne navy department knows there are no
'lllSturnanceS lla t IN San Domingo: This leaves
osJ marines on the isthmus''
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28

ing the trial the two engines OF the 8 " ~ 5-
developed an average horse-po"e'
UGl. -, ,a., o.u
The average speed attained Of .I." adj %'
be subjected to the change q tiIg lawn ,,
correction. which will not Re ma"+ ,!,,,in,ls n''G
until the commanders OF the r,s ~
stake beats have mace their 'eI
the official trial board. .,, vas
Tho trip nf the Maryland, tolay; ,yot MI M
observed under an otiIcial Govei1l'li,II' by
spcction board which was h''ue''
/ llnt / Ii DnNtnn.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
PRESIDENTS REPORT
On Strike Situation in Colorado Sent
to the Senate.

Washington. Jan. 27.-President
Roosevelt sent to the Senate. TODAY.
the report of Carroll ID. Wright. com
missioner of labor. on the strike
troubles in Colorado. The report is
very voluminous and gives the entire
history of the labor troubles in that
state together with all the corre-
spondence. Commissioner Wright said
IN his report dated in September. that
the strike was over and that the wort
was being resumed az the mines.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
MAINE COUNCIL, D. A. r.,
Present Banner to the BattIeship
Maine, Today.

Portland. Ne. Jan a7.-At tho adjourn
rd annual meeting Of the Maine Council
-. a. X mere. today. reports We're heard
ana committees appointed. Miss Charlotte
". baldwin of Bangor, was nominated
Tor state regent, the election to take
pIace ~ the meeting of the national body
sent q hammer to the battleship Maine
winch is now on her way here to receive
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
ENORMOUS DIAMOND.
Stone Valued at $4,00o,o00 Found Near
Pretoria.

Johannesburg; Transvaal. Jan. N-The
largest diamond ever discovered has haan
iound near Pretoria. The stone weighs
- carats and is said to he a pure white
u@idnonn @ o1 good quality 1t is locally val
kro0inoor which is valued at s6nl OOl
weighs II! carats. although it is said to
n n,iHe weighed go before it was cut There
II ~, iiliInehse excitement here and at Preto-
ria as result of the discovery. Wv
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
SITUATION VERY GRAVE.
Rich People Corner Bread Supply and
the Poor Suffer in Russia.

London. Jan. N.-The situation in War
saw is very grave according to The cnr
respondent of the Daily Mail When TIL.
bakers struck. rich people bcsiesed the
shops and bought the stocks and the
supply of bread is now exhausted The So
c'allSt party has been instrumental in or
s3nizing the strike. The CORRESPONDENT
adds that the general condition in Poland
+ pitlable owing to the weather the re.
mere are fully lD,1H idle. not reckoning
the strikers Warsaw itself is fun of
troops and the gas works and water works
are beng protected by the military
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
STRIKE BEGINS IN MITAU.
Troops Summoned to the Scene of Dis
turbance.

Mitan, Russia Jan. 27-Labor agents
from Riga organized strike here Frida Y
morning Bodies of strikers marched to
the factories and workshops and compelI-
th tne men VINO Were at work to leave
their employment. Troops have been sum
hlon"d 10 the scene of the disturbance.
Mltua, or MitaVa, is the capital of the
government OF Courland and is - miles
by rail southwest of Riga If has q nor
uiat!on OF about %o,J0 half Of whom are
OF German descent.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
ATTEMPT USELESS.
Schooner Mary Whitney Half Filled
With Water and Helpless.

Newport, R l.. Jan. 27.-The Maine
schooner Henry Whitney. coal laden. New
York for Wareham. Mass which Went
ashore here. yesterday is fun of water
and a an attempt made by tug solicitor to
1loat the craft has been abandoned for tho
present The Whitney is 35 wears n,I am'I
is thought 10 he in poor shape. "'''
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
CAPTURE ANOTHER SEAT
Liberals Win in Bye Election 70 ~
Dorset.

London. Jan. .7-The free traaffHi aat in ' the
tured another parliamentarrE norset. YES.
the ConServative candidate, Sir Sir Ran@Tty 21cancy
baker. by a majority Of %e lnf Iab, wing wing
was caused by the death OF JONI
tlpld- Digby
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
What Shall We Have for Dessert ?

This Is an important daily question
Let US answer It today. Try Je'i.o'
Americas most popular dessert .1
ceived Highest Award, Gold Meuai.
Worlds Fair. St Louis. 1904. Every thins
In the package; add boiling water ana SCI
to cool. Flavors:-I.emon, Orange, hasp
berry. Strawberry. Chocolate, and CheIry.
Order a package Of each flavor 1rsu your
grocer today. Ice.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
COLLISION NEAR NASHVILLE
Between Trains Result in Death Of
Four Trainmen.

Nashville Tenn, Jan 27-Four train
men We're killed and several trainmen in
Jured in collision, TODAY, between n
north bound freight and a south bound
tanooga & ST. Louis near TuIiohoma
Tenn. ''iioii'a'
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
A COLLISION.
Strikers and Troops Have Hot Arqu.
gument in Warsaw.

Warsaw. Jan. PA collision between
troops and strikers occurred in Lessen0
street. today. in which the military used
their arms. The number of casualties Is
unknown =
The strikers in vaded the Wolski suburb
ana broke into liquor shops There was
a sharp encounter with the Dollcc
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28

ther Johns Medicine with very salts
factory results brought me part of
bottle and advised me to try it. did
so and within a short time | could see
that it was helping me. | continued to
use it until l was entirely cured. My
wife has used the medicine for throat
and lung troubles with excellent re-
suits and so have many of my friends
to whom we have recommended it.
(Signed) Joe Harrington, 202 West 23d
St New York
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
RECEIVED WITH REGRET
denmark Minister to Retire from Pub
lie Life at WASHINGTON.

copenhagen. Denmark, Jan. 2..-A dis
talCn received here from Washington in
MINISTER SWenSon was received with the
greatest regret in both official and social
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
Ramsey to Resign?

New York. Jan. 27.-The Aisoihish ,Se hish:
Press was informed toaaN, ,,,,,t o' Ramsey Of
M M W.hasn vy.,i, railroad system, is ho' "'0
to resign rs has been reported
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
To Vote on Statehood Bill.

Washington. Jan. 27-Negotiations look
ing to liking a time for voting on rh..
statehood bill have practically eliminated
ruarV 4 m"
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28

statement that the Mormons received but
one revelation in - years and that WAS
In" one 30 stop polygamy
The closing argument for the protcsI-
of Judge Carlisle former SECRETARY nf tL.
treasury
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
WEll-kNOWN
SCENIC ARTIST
Joseph Harrington OF New
York City Saved from Pneu-
monia by F ather Johns
Medicine.

Some time ago l
was attacked with a
severe cold and
cough which MOTH
ing seemed to re-
lieve. 1t grew stead
lily worse until l
was told that my
trouble was likely to
develop into pneu-
monte. A neighbor
who had used Fa-
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28

Upon cOnvcnng tudav, The Hons,
adopted resolution calling ON the SEQ re-
tary of the interior for Information as To
whether any member or emploXe Of tn
Dawes commission. who are rtuurcd to
swear that they have no financial inter
est in any person on corporation dealing
in Indian lands. had refused to take the
oath Of oiiicc. and to draw their salaries
hecaUSc of such refusal; ana also whether
or not such employees are engaged in deal
ing in Indian lands. Alter agreeing to a
resolution to dtiray the expenses Of tn.
Inauguration of President RooScvett and
poStponinS until tomorrow the consider
alton oi pension bills, the House IN COM
nit &c If the whole resumed considtrat lion
uf the agricultural appropriation bill Mr..
Curricr IN. IL in the chair.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
58th CONGRESS.
Continued from page ID

fishing cotton reports was denounced
by Livingston of Georgia, who pleaded
for some one to submit an amendment
requiring that the reports shall be pub
lShcd every two weeks, in order to
stop gambling in cotton. He would,
he said. have offered such an amend
ment himself. had he not been thrown
down and turned out of DOORS when
he brought III Il resolution of the same
character some time ago.
Maddox of Georgia, declared that the
census bureau ana agricultural depart
ment Wer vying with each other in du-
plicatinS the cotton report. The pub
LEGATION of cotton statistics by the CEN
sus bureau he considered senseless.
Bartlett Of Georgia, replying. said that
as between the two reports the census
report was the most valuable.
Roth reports We're pronounced by
Eurleson of Texas. to be necessary.
Livingston moved an amendment ap-
propriating 500 900 to enable the secre-
tary Of agriculture to issue cotton re-
ports twice month during the grow
ing and gathering of the crop. The
alntluiiit'it ""S utledttu, - " y.
The army appropriation bill was sent
back to committee after Mr.. Williams of
Mississippi. had objected to unanimous
consent to non concurrence on the amend
mcntS and to send the bill To conference
and after Mr.. Hull had refused tn make
a motion to accept the Senate amend
mcnt regarding retired army officers as
signed to active duty.
Before rcSuning discussion of the agri-
cultural appropriation bill a resolution to
drfr;'N the expenses OF the Inauguration of
President Roosevelt WaS agreed to and
consideration OF pension bills was post
poucd until tomorrow.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1905-01-28
Oc.GoS\s&NNs
pYSQepS@NeS>ws&
Different from Others. Guaranteed.
FULLER'S
NJ A R K E T
Telephone 1888.

Owing to the prompt attention with
which all patrons are served and also
to the excellence and variety Of the
goods, is fast winning a fine reputa-
ton. No one should have the slight
est difficulty in making a selection
from this list:
Fresh Eastern Halibut. .16c.
Fresh Mackerel ........ Ice.
Fresh Salmon .......... 1Sc.
Fresh Lake Trout ...... 15c.
Fresh Sea Trout ........ 12c.
Fresh Smells ........ 12Rc.
Fresh Finan Haddie ...10c.
Fresh Scallops .......... 25c
Fresh Shrimp ...... 25c. pit.
1928
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1905-04-14
THE PEDDLINC LAW.
'ersons Selling by Sample al
Not Amenable.

Attorney Stillinger Of Moscow has
received several inquiries about the
peddling law that passed the legis-
lature last winter. He has received
an opinion from the Attorney Gener-
al that persons selling by sample were
not arnenable. These are the very
people that, the merchants desired to
reach and II it does not effect them
the law might as well be of the
books. Mr.. Stillinger says that the
flrst person against whom informa-
tion was laid for selling buggies OF
other goods Of that nature would be
arrested and test case made of it,
He will carry it to the supreme cour,
aud let that tribunal decide. Mos.
cow Journal.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1905-04-14
|. 0. 0. F. GRAND MASTER.
Making His Itinerary of the
State.

Grand Master Frank Martin Of the
Odd Fellows OF Idaho, is arranging
to pay visit to the different lodges
in the northern part of the state,
making the trip the last two weeks
OF April, and, 1t is supposed will pass
through Spokane, His itinerary is
as follows: Monday, April II, at
Moscow, with Genesce, Troy and Joel;
April IS, at Lewiston: April 10 at
Kamiah. with Morning Star, Mohler,
Sites and Crystal; April 20 at Grange
vile, with White Bird, Central and
Cottonwood; April 81 at Orodno,
with Russell, Fraser and Peck; April
% at Kendrick, with Leland and
Juliaetta; April "a, at Harrison. with
St. Maries; April 25, at Wardncr,
with Cataldo; April 26 viii bc spent
with the brethren IN the upper part
of the Occur d'Alenes in grand cele,
bration at Burke; April 81 ut Coeul
d'Alene City. with Mica and Rath
drum; April %, at Standpoint. with
Ivanhoc, Hope, Myrtle, Athol and
Granite; April 20, at Utopia, will
boundary and Northern.