The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1905-07-01

faith and the will which regards ne1th-
er time nor obstacles. The influential,
the men of name and means. come IN
afterWard to invigorate the movement
created by these first, and too often to
mislead it from its aim
The success of the new organization
was so great that it led to persecution.
France, eager to keep on polite terms
with the rulers Of Italy, issued gov
ernmental decree expelling Mazzin1.
He, concealing himself from the police.
remained in Marseilles strengthening
the association until in 1888 it was
strong enough to think seriously of
action, and revolution in Piedmont
was planned. Everything seemed pro-
pitious but an accident overthrow all.
A second attempt failing through the
youthful inexperience of the leaders.
was made memorable by the fact that
Garibaldi was a recruit and first met
Mazzini. Disappointed, but not dis
couraged, Mazzini went to Switzerland.
where another expedition was planned,
only to be betrayed by the military
leader, Ramorine. Disheartened by fail
ure and poverty, the young party be-
gan to weaken, but, 4Mazzint showed his
faith in organization and association. by
founding young Europe" at Berne
surrection at Lyons His Marseil1es ex-
perience was repeated in Berne. and he
was expelled, going to London in 1887.
In the English capital Mazzini sup
ported himself by writing articles con-
corning the italian question Written
at first either in Italian or French, they
were translated for him by friends,
and appeared in the various reviews.
tn occ{@, I.n ~
condition of the poor Italians Of Lon
don. most Of them either. organ grinders
or hawkers. Of plaster casts. he founded,
free elementary school III IS r. 7: For
seven years., while never RENTING his
exertions as head of the revolutionary
party of ITALY,. he gave$it~ constant, and
patient attention: His work for the re-
views extended his acquaintance with
literary people, many Of whom, visited
the school. Among these was Margaret
Fuller. William Lloyd Garrison also
met him at this time.
In 1874 the Italian question, az en-
bodied in Mazzini was forced upon the
attention Of the English people. The
awakening of English thought was due
to the action of the English govern
ment, when. violating the simplest duty
of hospitality It's agents broke the seals
W NAdA1u4A ACLLc1S, IcScd1eu LLE1l, u
keep him In ignorance of their being
opened, and then forwarded informa-
ton to Austria. The story Of the two
brothers Bandfers, Italian officers in
the Austrian army, betrayed to death
through this action Of English states
men, filled England with indignation
A parliamentary inquiry was instituted
and the word "Grahaming," coined from
the name of the home secretary. Sir
Ia xxrh1 M
letters were opened passed into the
language as descriptive of the dis
graceful practice. Thomas Carlyle
wrote a vigorous letter to the Times
defending Mazzini and cor6emning the
action as disgraceful to England.
In 1S4S for brief period Mazzini
tasted the sweets of success, Waves
of revolution which he had stimulated
swept over Italy and called him back
to his native land after an absence of
seventeen years. Garibaldi was fignt-
ing with him. For brief moment he
saw realized his dream of Roman
| republic and was made one of the
triumvirs. But the revolution finished
tragically and in 1949 he returned to
England.
For years his dream had been a uni
fed Italy and republican form Of
government. The first he saw achieved
in 1870, when Victor Emanuel as king
of Italy entered Rome, but was doomed
to disappointment in the latter. An
uncompromising enthusiast, he lacked
| the farsightedness of the practical
statesman. This was supplied by Ca
YOUR, minister of Victor Emmanuel
| who, during the years that ,Mazzini was
preparing Italy to take her place among
! the nations, watched and waited for the
time when the fruits of his sowing were
! ripe for harvesting. Then as Mazzlni
| had foreseen, Cavour, the man of name
and means, came in to invigorate the
movement born Of dream
Garibaldi, peasant and soldier; Ca
YOUR, aristocrat and diplomat. have
gone into history as the men who ac-
complished the practical regeneration
Of Italy. But 1t was the tireless, un-
selfish devotion Of Maxzini that made
IN