The San Francisco call., 1905-08-12
Professor Bailey s
Views Will Be
Considered.
Are Issued as Bull
letin by State
University.
Site Commission Is
Expected to Act
on Monday.

ss an Official bulletin the ideas Of Pro-
fessor Liberty Hyde Bailey, director Of
the agricultural experiment work at
Cornell University, regarding univer-
city farm. Professor Bailey delivered
a course Of lectures at the summer
school here and is soon to return to
Cornell
The state commission appointed TO
purchase land for a university farm
expects TO have the benefit Of Professor
Baileys ideas on the subject before he
ieaves for the East The commission is
10 meet at Governor Pardee's office in
Sacramento next Monday morning al
II o'clock to decide upon farm site,
for which $4,000 has been appropri-
ated.
The utterances Of Professor Bailey on
the subject, as issued by the Agricul-
tural College here, are as follows:
rhe agricultural college idea is by no means
new u Is least 2UO years OLD. In this
country the agricultural college, as an estab-
lsh-d fact, originated about fifty years ago.
Year after next viii be celebrated the nttleth
anniversary OF the agricultural college near
Lansing. Mich. The first agricultural colleges
were established protest against the older
kind OF education that did not put men into
touch with real affairs The land grant act
of 1862 marks one Of the greatest epochs In
the history Of education. IL Is the Magma
ChartE Of education. Its purpose was 70 give
instruction in those subjects and affairs which
have 10 DO with real life. And what are
they? They are largely agriculture and the
mechanical arts As these agricultural col
leges were largely a protest against the Older
education. IL was perfectly natural that al
drst they should be separate institutions.
About one-hslt OF thS agricultural co4leees
Of the Union are separate from the universities
proper They are doing good work. and ! am
saying nothing whatever CerogaJOry 10 them.
There are some reasons still given for having
separate agricultural colleges. Il is said that
other courses viii attract the young men IRON
H1ra wffHrIH - fnFfIN Ggrn
cant hold the young men II ought 10 lose
them the time IS past when We shall put
blinders on the young men Again II IS SAID
that the farm boy VIII be looked down on, but
students VIII not look down upon him II his
work is OF equally high grade as that pursued
iu other courses Sometimes the agricultural
college IS wanted In q separate locality TO sat
isfy local pride locality wants 10 have an
agricultural college and offers Inducements TO
get II. This does not consider the merits OF
the case. IN some cases a broom factory might
BE- Just satisfying 10 the community. The
IN The community, ana all university Work
should be kept together. The time is past
when the agricultural college should be torn
out OF the university and be set or py Itself
LABORATORY METHODS.
The agricultural college IL founded on the
conoeptlUn tnaJ education must relate ltseI
10 li-e. Important coro4laries follow In the
nIst place, agricultural education should not
necessarily be bound by academic methods.
The scnIng work n college really DIVIDES
Itself into JWO parts. ta) The true college Work,
leading 10 DdClelOl = Lestee5 ADJ post
graduate work, leading 10 uNo degrees, the
urst OF these being the master degree which
should be gwen Tor eAperiulenLsl ana lnFesIl-
gsucua4 Nork, the work involved IN tne cO4lec-
L-u ana accumulation OF facts, etc, and the
doctor degree, which should be given rOr a
philosophical consideration u the facts and
the collection OF Data
Two areaI enteulrLses have now come into
the colege-the experiment station and uni
yersity extension. They are not university
work In the cid academic sense. The exten-
sion entel prIses form the best Illustrations Of
the leadership the university has &C
cuired IN public affairs. The university Is
required 10 do univ crsIty extension WORK and
IL goeF beyond the old academic ideals.
Agricultural education also rests upon a
large and quickened idea Of the laborat atory
method. Ne are introducing laboratory
methods into every school IN the country; the
kindergarten. manual training the school gar
Gen and science Work-su mean the labOra-
tory method And now we also Introduce the
affairs Of every day lie into the schools. All
Laboratories are pedagc cgically valuable in pro-
portion az they are IN vital connection with
California or elsewhere, from the primary
school 20 the university is good school un-
less u has laboratory work An effort is
nc" oelng naoe 70 introduce into every high
school in New York d years work in biology
for the first year.
Ali this brings up the whole question OF
the university farm. The college or university
farm developed with the land grant act In
lts history IL has gone through several phases.
j was first conceived Of largely as a model
farm, ana, u course. the model farms became
the laughing stock Of the farmers Of the
model farms they have little pedagogical use
one farm cannot be q pattern farm for All
conditions. There are thousands Of nodei
tarms Model farms are good farmers farms
1he State cannot afford 10 10 into the model
farm business N connection with university
In the second place the farms came to be
used merely 10 illustrate farm practices In
The old days we had museums IN our coIieres
and persons could go and eyclain9 as r.
saw the wonders. We still need museums b,,,
We also have collections with which to work
~nH
things growing or see different breeds Of ant.
mals they must come nearer than nerel,
10 look; they must use and handle
Again. college farms were aornetfnnee -,,,
with the idea of making a profit: bur voI
cannot run farm with profit with stu5en
labor II the State is to make money on
OF farm, then il must not be used for fescb
ing purposes but must be conceived of a,
an cut and out business enterprise a.
In the next place. there was an idea tbat
these farms ought 10 represent the co---,,H-a
weaith-that farm should be ''tvpicai' =,
the state II IS mighty poor state .bs,
can be typihed In one farm II the star,
wants a typical farm let II have It but d
not burden the university with IT, Pm \, a.
charge OF a Chamber OF Commerce or ofhh,
advertising organization. Anybody can Earn
lyrical land
Then there was long period OF years who,
the college farm was used very little or ever
not al all. Not knowing Just what to Do vr,f5
them. many Of them have been allowed Il
drift
NEEDS or THE COLLEGE.
Then there came the passage OF the Hato,
act in 1857. which established the exuerfr,en,
stations; and this afforded a means or utfisz
ing the college farm. There are p good rnsr,
OF our institutions which are now carrvin:
farm lands as experiment stations or cours'
should have farms for research There ar,
two kinds OF research work on farms on,
kind Of research is in farm practice; the othei
IS research IN the fundamental physical
chemical, and physiological problems which
must be done On some farm directly undel
control.
Now we have come TO the final and prone,
stage-the farm must then be a laboratory
Thus primarily Il must be a laboratory enter
prise, and the pattern and model idea ar
only incidental and secondary. II your peopl,
do not believe in this idea, then you mus
educate your people. A college farm is no
primarily for the purpose Of growing mode
or perfect crops. / should rather have tn
opportunity 70 teach student by means o
8 farm than 10 show one hundred persons
field OF perfect pumpkins.
II we study plowing in the class room, W.
must also study il IN the field, even II VIZ
destroy a crop. We must determine and tes
the relation of blowing 10 moisture, aeration
uiicrobic life, and many other questions, I