davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
FOLK, OF MISSOURI.
Pen Picture of the Governor That Always
 "Must bo Shown" -.


 Pen Picture of the Governor That Always
 "Mnst be shown." From Folk" by William Allen White. in
 the December McClure's.
 Rightly to understf nd the things Folk has done since he became e candidate for Gov ernor of Missouri, it is necessary to know the man. As Circuit Attorney of St. Louis. he was a local figure. and in a measure he was what his enemies called nina specialist but since his rise from that office. as 6 can date and as gubernatorial officer. he has become a national figure and the things he has done justify closer scrutiny of the man The foundation of the character of Joseph W. Folk. Governor of Missuori, at the age of 36, and one of the half dozen real leaders of civic honesty in America. is religious morality. This Is unusual today. Many contemporary statesmen and moralists are pagans. They have & philosophy of life deep and broad and cosmopolitan-which Folk has not--and they are Christians only because they have a sort of protective mim- icry of creed that merges them into their en- vironmants.
 But Folk, without much depth to his nat ural philosophy of life. Is deeply, ptous. without being in the least sanctimonfous. and without any cant He Is g. smaIiish man in stature. being trifle less than five feet seven in height and some day he will be stout. He is of the sack-coat size and temperamenS-as Roosevelt is-but finding himself public man he dresses the part in what we of the West call a Prince AL bert coat. a garment which seems to give citizens confidence in their public officials. And this leads one into the core of the mans character-Cartion. If the word "foxy" could be knigktej Into polite diction. 1t might be applied to Joseph W. Folk. For. though intrigue is foreign to his nature. and though he never walks on his toes and has no stomach for shams and pretenses, every step he takes is taken with direc- tion. every word he says Is weighed careful Iy-though hardly as painfully as a stupid mans words are dolad out to cover his igno- rance--and every act public or private.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
MARKET FOR FUTURES
EASIER UNDER BEAR PRESSURE AMI
 Nfsss LIQU7nATTON.
During the Late session. the Tone wal Weak With the Market Unsettled, New Low Records Being
 Made.

New York Dec. 1.-The cotton market was active and generally easier under local bear pressure and -liouidation. The close was easy at a decline of 2s to 2I points and sales were estimated at s0oooo bales.
 The market opened easy at an advance of one point to a decline of five points. general ly lower in response to disappointing ca bles and reports that bill was to he in- troduced into Congress directing the depart of the crop for publication on January 10. shown by the census bureau to have under estimated the yeiid in some sections.
 Trading was active at first and there was heavy pressure against the market. The decline caught stou less orders a few points under the opening figures and was not checked until March sold at 11.T5 or 19 points net lower and about 70 points down from the high record of last week.
 Around this figure stop orders seemed to be pretty we'll exhausted for the time being and recent sellers started to cover. .rallying finals in the early afternoon But the gain was not held for there was renewal of the early selling pressure in the afternoon and during the late session the market was very weak and unsettled with prices mnk- ing a new low level for the day and closing within a point of the bottom. Exports were large and receipts i-li we'll under last years
 Southern spot markets were unchanged to Mc lower. Receipts at the. ports today 4S.117 against 4s.25i last week and 5o.oi7 last year. For ths week estimated s7s.ooo last year Today's receipts at New Orleans 14,037 bales against 17.6s6 last year and at Houston 1i,355 bales against 1o.96o lasA
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
@Aay Brother-In-Law, the KinE.r

King George of Greece has been a guest of King Edward at Windsor re- gently while some theatricals were be- ing given. The visit recalls an oc- rasion years ago when the two wont to see Bernhardt. Edward was then
 Prince of Wales and he introduced King George as my brother law. '' The tragedienne conversed freely with the Prince. but paid little or no at tention to the other royalty until the former asked her how she liked the king. What King? she asked. On learning the distinguished callers identity she said to the prince: Your royal highness was cruel not to tell me that 1t was the King of Greece. "But told you 1t was my brother-in- law" replied the Prince. Your bro.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
RuIer sleepa on Floor.

The Shah of Persia. never. under any circumstances, sleeps on a bedstead. and no matter where he has stayed whether it be in royal palaces or ho- teIs, he has either had the bedstead removed from his sleeping apartment or else has relegated 1t to some remote corner, so as to enable him to sleep in the exact center of the room on a couple of huge cushions or soft orient al mattresses stretched upon the floor. And just behind the cushion upon which the head rests there is always a small table, upon which are five DOT traits. The center one is of him- self. It is flanked on either side by those of King Edward and Queen Alexandra. while beyond them on either side are the pictures of the Elm peror and Empress of Russia. These portraits accompany him everywhere, and may abe said to watch over his slumbers in his own dominions as well AS abroad.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

which may have the least siRniflcance upon those who witness 1t is measured by some wise rule.
 abstinence: hence his unruffled front: hence the conventlonalitv of his daily walk. Nor is this veneer. It comes from the heart Fearing the effect OF young men who might see him smoking, Folk has given up his cigar and pipe. He is as modest a girl and yet he Is worldly wise enogh to know the force of the example of A public man. and he elllinEly sacrifices his comfort that he may not va la.e htis trivial obligation to the people. Ills language is clean as a woman's and 1t comes from a carefully weeded heart. Add to the picture of a frock-cOated. smooth-faced. ciear-eyed, shy hammered. self-deprecatinR young man. a black soft hat and boyish countenance, regular and oval. and 1t needs but few touches to make it live.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
CHICAGO GRAIN AND PROVISION

CHHCAGO GRAIN AND PHOVlStONS.
 ed States imparted moderate strength today oats caa showed s gain of %e and provisions
 The wheat market was form for the great CT part of the day At the opening the & so so S'' qR he Rs 'G rSns:. @ s ssS SSs due chiefly to an advance in the price of faariy hr active PSrehssers and % the o price ss of May rose to to SSSc; Sc Gnconfirmsd reports of couraged buying on the local board. In anticipation of the publication of the gov ernment report which was generally expect off osf'I to ss ss% % Aecordnr & 0GsO5 ao 0tticiSI I is sa compared With s. M at 'I%n tSs eorrss qs bonding time one year ago; The total acre port was quickly dispeiied by the announce supply suppl Of wheat: .he available stocks being reduced 2:2sEOoo 1000 bushels; during the week ei,e corresponding week of last year. These figures produced firm feeling which con tinued until Sti.a1 the 2 ,i eoss & Demand by com eiossG St Srf firm with May at ss% essaS' market the car shortage situation which wiil ena- bIe the new corn crop to reach market more tp6Sny prSmp"' The market in conseauence eSss Was weak throughout the session. An increase of 6Oe, ,00j bushels ir the visihIe supuly against decrease of 7o2,OoO for the corres- nonding time last year brought additional nfferings. Weakness of cash corn was an otter bearish Influence May opened un- Changed to kc lowe at axe, sold of to eenMs and closed at 44%c N ''A "
 The weakness of corn cause an easier feal- ing in the oats market earlier in the day. oustht, ousth with wheat. May opened uprha1ss.i Rto shade lower a! sa% to 32Kc. touched sS and closed xosr,ioS es SgS gs2Nc.
 ,n the nearby deliv, riss of lard the provis- iions market was weak. The Strength ef
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
STATES
Totals .. ". .. .. ....sos. POS

would ask the candid minded bulls whether these figurts arc suggestive of ex- haustion or even of rapid ginning in the trans-M Mississippi States?
 $. A letter to me from Houston. Texas. this morning says: 'The fields in East Texas ago. and in Northwest Texas about Haskell and Albany. they are sending to Central Texas for pickers"
 {. am in possession of a telegram from c. J. Scales and Company of Vicksburg. Mississippi reading as follows:
 in this section and North Louisiana. have been running for the last three weeks night and day under special insurance permits. Hear this Is true of other sections. Insu- rance agents say also 90 per cent. of gins will be dead by christmas. Get this from t tri5's os"'''AAA "l' aus '' -
 g. A telegram just received from C.. A; Carol of New Orleans reads "MtsSissippi top crop amazing natives Saturday fields white from Grenada to Greenwood. Ninety pickers counted in one hour from train 1O.250, 900 the present bull speculation was really initiated. cables this morning as fol- lows;
 ''General opinion here is bearish in eonse- sequence of large long interest. in American Increased crop estimates and spinners only buying for immediate wants"
 [. The International Federation of Cotton Spinners published on the sth of December. official returns showing unused stock on the continent ard in Great Britain on the 3lst of August. 1905. were 1,65O,000 bales or the equivalent of two months con- cotton in process of manufacture. and com pare. with Ellison's estimate of spinner stocks for the previous four years as fol- lows:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
COTTON.

New York, Dec. 11,-Pre-digested tablets. prescribed by the undersigned for the cure of bulIish flatulence
 1. census report which shows as much as g. 100, 900 scuare bales ginned up to the 13th of December. will compare with 8,54s.- 537. in 1903 (when the crop was 10. 100000 bales) and with s.0?S.7 ITO in 1902 (when the crop was lOl70,O01 hales.) It will. there fore indicate. as compared with 1903. pro duction of losoo.Oo0; end as & compared with
 g. The figures of the last census report showed that the states of Arkansas. Louisi- ana, Mississippi Oklahoma, Tennessee, Tex ginned during the half of November almost as much cotton as there was ginned in the same States during the last half of Octo- Der. The exact figures are as follows:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

S. mandatory resolution will today be introduced in Congress instructing the Sec retary of Agriculture to make a revision or his last estimate of the cotton crop, which Is described as "Unaucstionably an under-es- timate."
 Southern Cotton Association will not ask the farmers of the South to reduce their in 1905.
 Inasmuch as the evidence now coming to hand from day to day. would seem to indi- cate that the reported reduction in acre age in 1905. was In many states almost in- finitesimal the possibility of another i4,O0O.- 900 bales crop in i0o6-07 is one the trade will shortly commence to take into eonsld- eration. THEODORE PRICE
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
Girl pntentn A Rntton.

Miss Edith A. Smith, of Salt Lake City. has been granted a patent for button that can be securely fastened on a~garment without sewing. The button is said to be washable, and. better yet, adapted for underclothing and wash material. Miss Smith has had an offer to place her patent with a large manufacturing ffrH a
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
Nryv ORLEANS sUaAR.

New Orleans Dec. 11.--Sugar firm: oper kettle, 3@3Ac; open kettle centrifuga 3k@3 7-16c; centrifugal whites. 3A U4c yeilows 3A @3%c; seconds 293Ac.
 Molasses, cren kettle 2o@3oc; centrifugal s620c. s-.
 Syrup 2oG2sc.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

lard was due to large shortage reported in stocks of this product. Shorts wers demand the market was inactive. de- cline of I0c in the price ofSive hogs was the principal weakening influence which spread to the lard market late in the ses- sion. At the close May pork was of F 10 f5c at 3.42h Lard was down hc at s735. Ribs were 10c lower at q. h O
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
NEw YnHrx coTTON FUTuRRs.

New York. Dec. 1l.--FoII0WInE were the uuotstions m the Flew York Cotton Ex- change today: Closed weak. r,..
 January .. .. ..11 .es Ii:ss 11.ss 11.to March .. :. .:ii:e4 li:s u.G ii.ss
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
ST. LOUIS PROVISION.

St. Louis Dec. lI.-FIour. steady. Whiskey steady. S1.34
 Pork. lower: jobblng SIS IS.
 Lard, higher: prime steam $7.35.
 Dry salt meats steady; boxed extra shorts t7. IS: clear ribs SS. 00; short clear $S 25. Bacon. steady; boxed extra shorts $S. 50; clear ribs $S.75: short clear $9.00.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
NEW YORK GENERAL MARKET.

New York. Dec. 11.-Cotton seed oii steadx, prime yellow 2s1k Q2sNc.
 CoffSe, spot Rio. nominal: No. invoice TAG: mild. dull.
 Sugar. raw strong; fair refining SMc; cen trifugal 96-test %c: molasses sugar axe; refined firm.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
DAILY COTTON MARKET
pnrf Mnuerr,snk

Gaiveston-Quiet. 11&c; net receipts 15.- 7s4; gross receipts ls.7s4: stock 233.511: shipments to Great Britain ss.174; coastwise 7.3l2.
 New orieans--ouiet. 11Ec: net receipts i4.037: gross receipts 14,037: sales 300; stock 316.502; shipments to Great Britain 40.500.
 Mobiie-Dull 11hc: net receipts 2.27s; gross receipts 2,27s; sales 300: stock 50.9s6.
 savannah--Easy. Il 1I-1ec: net receipts e.950: gross receipts 6.950; stock 1s3,429; shipments to Graet Britain s.soo; coastwise Se2
 Charleston net receipts 125: gross receipts 12s; stock bl.sss: shipments coastwise f.523
 gross receipts 631: stock 1s.Is6.
 Norfoik-Steady, 11Sc; net receipts G. 565; gross receipts 6,565: sales 461: stock T2,s7s; shipments, coastwise 4,757. Nominal. 11%c; gross receipts s03; stock 14.93s. IF
 New York--ouiet.. 12.1o;. gross receipts e,04S; sales 2,901: stock 227,sf2: shipments to continent 403
 Boston-Cluiet, fe. 10: net receipts 1,1o3s gross receipts 7.463. Phfladelphia-Quiet, 12 35: net receipts 50; gross receipts 334: stock 5.0ss. Pensacoia,-Net receipts 2s5; gross receipts 2s5: shipments to France 2s2: to conti- nent 2. a4 ceipts S4k. esE 2A. i4E..f At.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
,,vxv ovrraNs COTTON.

New 1rIeane Dec. f1.-Spot cotton Qufet- saies 300 bales including 150 to arrive S?uor tasicns revised: ordinary unchanged ana d,, an v other grades declined 3-l6c Mioaiihs
 Futures opened somewhat tame with prices 10 to i2 points lower that saturday closins Immediafeiy after the first call January. March and May gained a point or two when liduidation set in and prices xraduaily
 rrsSsd to the end of the session. ln tns trading January opcEed 10 points down as ii.s7. gained point and thereafter @ reeedea .bIa < point or two of the bottom with net losses
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
rIxrRp0oL COTTON.

Liverpool Dec. 11--Close: Cotton. spot in limited demand. prices points higher. American middling, fair -.-. .,.-S4Is Good middling. ..-. .--.6.45 Middling ...s ...s .,s.Z ~l Low mfudlfng ssss ss'' . 1L Good ordinary zee ...sr 70. ss Ordinary ..n.1 which 500 were for speculation and export and included $500 American. Receipts 5000 bales. including s.700 American.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

ther-in-law? But how was I to knowT~ she said. He might have been a mer- chant
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
LIVERPOOL COTTON FUTURES.

Liverpool. Dec 11-Futures opened firm and closed quiet: American midling {: zoe
 DeeeFuepr.. .ss'o. us peeemher-Jauuary ...6.Os Febfrary-March ,. ....... ..s.1s March-Aprii .. .... .... .... ....6. 22 April-May ... .... .... .... ....6. 25 May-June ,. .,.. ..., .... ... 8. 2s lune-July ssss0. ou
 Juiy-AuguSt ... ..., .s.s co. ss s.o. Sl August-SeDtemper 70. za Eeptember-October 5.91 OctobeF-November 6... .b. SS
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
NEW YoRK DRY GOODS.

New York, Dec. 1.-The dry goods mar ket showed less signs of activity today and there was no decrease of firmness in any particular. Buyers were interested in spot goods, but were unwilling to pay presen. prices for distant deliveries. Jobbers were only moderately busy.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

Strict low middling .... ...'' iesx c Low middling... ....'. .''
 while spots were quoted hc lower yes'er- day there was no market In Montgomery. Indeed the local situation has been ifeiess for several days. Buyers do not want cot ton at these prices and holders are even more stubborn in their determination to hoid
 man well informed on the situation saio yesterday that he doubted if DO bales oI co.. t, ion had been bought in MontEomery n three days Of course this makes the cotton district dull and both sides of the game are
 The slump in prices yesterday was que rs 70 Q disappointing cables from Englano. ,r.ne New York market opened shade oiI run ,. eaturday's close an6 as the bulls began rt U. |. 1uidafion the bears became bolder. .ne h rasuit was that the opening prices were tns highest of the day and the closing prics' were the lowest. .x. &c- day but if certainly looks like eoou op. nortunity for investment on the weak spots
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
Total Movement.

rotai today, at ali ports. net 4st17: ship ments to Great Britain 75.S74: to France 292; to continent 405: stock f.leo.0li.
 Consolidated at all ports, net s4, 4S6; ship msrts to Great Britain sS,s2s: to France 9e.- orc; to continent ie.5s4: to Japan os4
 Total since Sept l. at all ports. net 4.- 43t,sl5; shipments to Great Britain 1.2ol,. 06s; to France 4f9.i52: to continent; 1,108.- 9ss; to Japan is.47Ss to Mexico 9e4.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
NEW ORLEANS COTTON FUTURES.
 New Qrieans. Dec. 1l.--Cotton futuref
NEW ORLEANS sPoT COTTON.
NEW ORLEANS COTTON FUTURE

New Orleans. Dec. 11.-Foliowing were the quotations for futures tn New Orleans tooaF' Closed steady. ~
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
NEW YORK COFFEE MARKET.


 New York. Dec 11.-Coffee futures open cd steady. at an advance of 100 IS points in response to better cables than expected with European buying orders. There was a continuation of Wall Street liduidation and while Brazilian news was not unfavorable the market gradually eased off and after closing French cables received. sold slightly steady at a decline of points to an ad- vance of s points. Sales 124.000 bags. January ...s ...s.. .b. zo @6. 5O March .... .... .u. ....6 26 @6. 45 May .... .... ...a -... s.45@c. so July ssss s's.hseA 70. SV August sb September ss.s ss.'o 20 6.SO October zee ..-. @..s ''''o'd5@T.OO
 NEW ORLEANS COTTON OIL.
 New Orleans. Dec. 11.--Cotton seed oil, steady: prime refined in barrels 2sc: prime crude loose 24kc.
 CINCINNATI PROVISIONS.
 Cincinnati. Dec. li.--Flour. firm.
 ProVisions steady. Lard $6. 60: bulk meats whisleey. steady sl.3o.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
KANSAS CTrY LIVESTOCK.

TREASURY BALANCES. Washington, Dec. 1i.--Treasury balances. $13S 203, ,0e3: gold sa.oT2,S19.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

THE HOLIDAYS IN LIVERPOOL. Liverpool, Dec. 1.-The cotton exchange will be closed December 23. 25. 2s and 90. and January 1.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
Interior Movement.

gross receipts ii, s55; Shipments io.ole; safes bse: stock 103.2e4.
 Augustay--Dull 11Ac; net receipts LIPS: gross receipts 1.125; shipments sss; sales PTS: stock Ss.0So
 Memphis-ouiet. ii 1t-16c: net receipts T.lT4; gross receipts IF, 767; shipments b,4es;
 st Louis-Ouiet 11%ci net receipts 5000; gross receipts 2,512: shipments 2.31e; Cincinnati-Net receipts 3so; gross receipts 32O; shipments 47p: stock 16.376.
 Louisviile-Firm 12hc.
 Total today-Net receipts 2o.s74; gross re- ceipts 2s.e79: shipments 1s272: sales 2,S42; stock 374.236.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12
MONTGOMERY COTTON
svcra ApE AGAIN ON THE DOWN GRADE
wu,~r- ,s Nothinr Dcing In the Local Markes Anu Anu1e Hnvers md Sellefs arc
 Awnitiux Changed
 Conditions.

strisf ,u,,.,s midiins -. =. .. ... ...11-c
 sfricf low middling. .... ....' iask
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

THE METAL MARKET.
 New York. Dec 17.-The London tin mar ket reported another sensational gain. clos ing at E13S 5s for spot and 9162 for futures. Locally the market advanced in eympathyy with London. spot s35. TO @ S35. ST
 Copper. higher in Lndon at SIS l2s Sd: futures e79 2s Cd. Locally nominal: Lake and electrolytic s1s.oo@sts-6o; casting Lead unchanged at a17 ss Cd in London. and S5 35 O 10 locally. Iron lower abroad FPS I'd for standarad foundry and 52s 7lkd for Cleveland war rants Locally unchanged: No. foundry Northern SIS. 75 Q $1s. 35; No. do. SIS 25 SISS5; No. 1 foundry, Southern SIS .50 o SiS:75; No. 2 do. SIS. % O SIS. 25.-
 NAVAL STORES.
 Savannah. Ga, Dec. 11:-Turpentine steady Gle: no sales: receipts 332; shipments
 Resin. firm: no sales: receipts SEQ: p- ineS Quote: 1Bc ss.77M; D 2.so: E s2;s7M: s295: c Ss.O5: H $3. IS: I s .37h K s3 s7M; M s4.97h; s4.s5; VIC $5'lo; wv s5.35.
 wilmington, N. C.. Dec. 11.-spirits tur- pentine firm. soc bid: receipts 2s.
 Rosin firm S2 90: receipts 24O.
 Tar firm. s1 80: receipt. sii ka (. oo and $4. %; receipts 15s.
 MEMPHIS COTTON oII- Meuphis Dec 9.-Cotton seed oils: prime crude 2I624ihc; prime summer yeiioW ss%e; prime meal s2i. prime cake $40
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

Memphis, Dec. s.-cetton seed oils: PIE, pTiim ssSc; prime meal s2l. 100; prime cake $s4. o'
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-12-12

NEW YORK BONDS.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1905-03-11
NOTICE.

GreenyilIe. Miss. March Est. zoos,
Mr.. Jno. J Mulholland, of Mem
phis, corner OF aMsiisona and First
streets, has purchased one half in
terest in our Bnsgbe So Thisnos only
greatly Increases our facilities Tor
handling business. but gives our Gus
toners the benefit Of double wire
service aud gives them the option
of placing or handling all their trades
either FROM the Memphis Office or
this office.
An investigation Of our standing
from Memphis or ST Louis will con-
vince you are safe in trusting btisi-
ness in our hands. And we will al
all times give same our personal at
tention. ~
Mr.. George L. Pearce will have
charge Il our GreenviiIe office ant
Joins us,in soliciting a share of YOU
patronage
Very respectfully,
mo. j. MULHOLEAED.
sINAG0NS-PACE BROKERAGE
COMPANY.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1905-03-11
PUBLICATION

Sealed proposals will be received
by the City Council of Greenvilie,
Miss, up to 7:3o p. m, April 4th,
1905, for the construction of approx
mately 100000 square feet of Grano-
lythic side walk according to plans
and specifications on file in the office
of the City Engineer. Payments will
be made in one, two, three, four and
FIVE years at not more than ? per cent
interest. The contractor beng ex-
pected to carry this paper.
The right to. reject any and all bids
is reserved 3aIL
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1905-03-11

Mr. Friedberg, the buyer for Chas.
Halter, arrived home Friday accom-
panied by two Eastern milliners who
with Miss Nora O'Conor will preside
over this department of this popular
store. Mr.. Friedberg says he has
selected an elegant stock and wants
the trade to see it as soon as it ar
rives.
The Greenville times. [volume] (Greenville, Miss.) 1868-1917, 1905-03-11

M. A. Fisher, the secretary OF the
Cotton Growers Association OF this
State, and P. K. Whitney, its finan-
cial agent, were in Greenville last
Monday to attend the speaking and
raise money for the association to
help carry on the work. Three hun
dred dollars. was contributed by our
liberal citizens.