The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-05-01


 ural resources of community were in- adequate, and other localities were sought where the wants could be supplied
 "6. That these localities have increased as the means of transportation multi piled. until a world wide commerce has been established.
 "7 That as things wanted and the means of obtaining them were multiplied specialization and division of labor be- gan, and in this way vacations of the individual special industries for partic- ular communities, etc, originated.
 "s. That through this specialization of labor, the labor of the unit has been linn tied to one thing-producing u particular product wanted by large number Of people which he exchanges with them for the products of their labor.
 "9. That to facilitate this exchange common medium of exchange called mo- ney has been adopted
 no That man has thus evolved from segregated, independent whole, dependent alone upon himself for food and environ ment. to an industrial unit-in an aggre- gation of units. each of which is em- ployed in some form of specialized labor all contributing to the aggregate wealth of the community, the state, the na- ton. the world, and each dependent upon the rest for supply of what he needs but does not produce.
 Man Must Work.
 Notwithstanding these mafVelous changes, man must still work Ills meth ods. but not his necessities, have changed. Indeed the latter have increased; for what were the luxuries in one generation are regarded as necessities in succeeding gen eratons
 Man, the interger of society, i- largely dependent upon society collectively TOT opportunity to, and return for hls work' What man has surrendered in lndepenu- ence society has absorbed. What society gains in this if must return. In this way both are benefited. The functions of each are reciprocal. Nan, by his labor con tributes to the general prosperity or so- sity; society, through it's laws lhStltu- tions, etc., should guarantee to the lndl- vidual protection to life, liberty ana property, and by constructive agehcies assist him in his work, and see that he ea+s q fair return and square deal. For this purpose government was instituted The social unit of a world society IS the nation. With the nation. it Is it's supul- visions for example, in the united atates it is the state.
 osrhe world holds the nation responsi- ble; the nation holds it's political uhits responsible for justice and fair play
 s,'The state has ne power. then, to make and enforce suel laws as will insure an equitable distribution of the aggregate wealth according to the work o1 each unit in it's commonwealth. Ii Is it's duty also to protect e unit rom sucn cH- cumstances and environments, growing out of the social relation, that destroy or cripple him This includes measures for sanitation. prohibition or regulation of harmful and dangerous kinds or pus- mess, etc.
 ''To discuss this phase of the problem would he ont of place here. Attention is called merely to the fact that society lD its collectivity, through it's government economic policy, institutions etc. may cause human dependency regardless of the efforts of the individual
 The Industrial Dependent.
 By far tae most important phase Of the discussion is ne relation of the lhdl- vidual unit to dependency. All are Ia- miliar with the vast difference in the cir- of people. rnen these clrcum- stances are such that the inoiNidual can not make his own living, but depends ilnon others. he is a dependent. The fun darnental reasons for this difference in circumstances are to be found Tn the lhul- yidual himself, if he has reached the age of capability and self-sustentatloh' lhese reasons are differences in the psycho- nhysical potencies of people. This psycho- n. ,vsical power depends upon inheritance and acouisition Therefore. the want or adeouate potency may be ancestral or lh- dividuaL or both, usually they are com bined.
 Individual Dependent.
 "The primary causes of individual de- pendence, then, may be classed as loi- lows: .
 "First. inherited; second want of in dividual improvement by education ana training; third coincidental or aeeldental These operate in such way as to produce either failure In pro auction or inefficient management Of the products of labor
 lover the industrial causes socie'y m it's present state has little control. when Solomon was asked if he had prepared inc hest code of laws for the people he replied: I have prepared the best they are oapable of receiving The control or hereditary causes of abnormal man Tn whatsoever form requires the regulalloh of marriage along scientific lines. ihs present regulation of that Institution b wholly along ethical and moral llnes. inc nhvsical and economic aspects are totally and may never be regarded. pr. Holmes in speaking of reform or the da1inouent class said that the reform must begin with the grandfather Inese rapoarks apply to all hereditary lnnu- ences. The second class or causes ls largely under the control Of society TO encourage and supply opportunity TOT tne and training of the individual societv can do, and is doing, much to nrenare the individual for seif-sustenta- tion over the accidental and coincldental causes such as infrnity from disease and injury much can be done. ne ca,,aes which produce the vast majority of morbidity can be removed. Take TOT oxampIe tubercular diseases. Ihese dls- ses destroy 10 per cent of the race ano are responsibl for more than one-thiu of the morbidity, an amount Of slckness as estimated in time, can be wholly con- trolled. if society, through it's laws ana their administration would only apply well known methods. These remarks ap- ply to many other infirmities; for exam ple, alcoholism, smallpox, etc.
 Ideal Man.
 "An ideal man is one who properly sus- tains eauips and maintains himself and family, and accumulates sufficient Tor himself when too old to work. The aspi- rations and ambitions of men In this re- spect. although thoroughly capable of succeeding. vary much. Diogenes said to Arristippus If you would be content to i've on roots as I am content. you would not have to fiatter the King. To this Arristippus replied. If you had the sense and ambition to hatter the King. you would not have to live on roots The ,roba bility is that contentment with mere existence, and improvidence in expendi- Iure of earnings. the one due to want If ambition, the other want of manage human dependence, when the individual | s assorted by the "accidentafAand coin 1
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