davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
SOME DAIRY FEEDS.
Result o. Experiments That Weaa
Made at the Alabama Exper-
iment Station.

A communication from the Alabama
experiment station thus summarizes
some experiments made:
the object Of the feeding expert
ments herein described was to ascer-
tain whether hay made from hairy
vetch, cowpeas and soy beans could
be advantageously substituted for most
of the wheat bran in the ration of
dairy COWS. The following values per
ton were used in calculating the cost
Of food:
Wheat bran, $40; vetch hay, SO;
cowpea hay, $40; cotton seed, $12; cot
ton seed meal, $40: cotton seed hulls,
IS.
Vetch hay proved fully equal in
feeding value to q similar weight of
wheat bran. By this substitution the
cost Of the food. required to make 4
pound Of butter was reduced rs per
cent, which Is equivalent to q month
ly saving OF 1920 in a herd of 20
COWS.
With the vetch ration the cost of
food for one pound of butter averaged
when wheat bran was fed. The waste
in feeding vetch hay was, with most
cows, about six per cent. of the amount
offered and with cowpea hay about
16 per cent; the latter residue, being
useless, is charged as a part of the
ration.
That portion of the cowpea hay &C.
tually eaten proved fully equal in
feeding value to similar weight OF
wheat bran. Charging the COWS with
all the cowpea hay offered them, we
find that cowpea hay had Sc per cent.
of the feeding value of wheat bran,
one ton of this hay being equal to
1870 pounds of wheat bran.
When wheat bran was worth $40
per ton cowpea hay was worth $17.20,
and vetch hay $40.
The monthly plofits per COW were
$4.65 on the vetch ra'1on and $4.35 on
the cowpea ration.
One of the Jersey COWS used in this
test produced butter at cost for food
of only eight and one-third cents
per pound, when fed on the vetch ra-
ton.
Running cowpea hay through a
feed cutter did not decrease the waste
in feeding this food.
-Four and half per cent. more but
ter was produced with soybean hay
than with cowp"a hay, if we take ac-
count of the portion Of each actually
eaten; however, larger proportion Of
the coarse stems Of the soybean hay
was left uneaten
When corn hearts was substituted
for wheat bran the yield Of butter was
increased by eight per cent.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
FARM NOTES.

In the making of cornstarch about
Il, 000, 600 bushels OF corn are now used
annually.
The corn plant is q deep feeder, and
the soil on which it is grown should be
loosened deeply.
The area Of corn land cannot greatly
increase, but what we have can be made
to produce twice as much as it does at
the present time.
Our farmers must learn to utilize
every resource and utilize it completely.
This is the secret that has made many a
manufacturer rich.
BY proper preparation of the land and
judicious cultivation of the growing crop.
it is possible to greatly increase the
yield of any crop grown on the farm.
The department Of agriculture found
by tests that no corn planter will drop
evenly unless the grains are graded to
size. This has led to the invention of
corn graders. When they are used the
pleat&2s do accurate work., z~
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23

be observed along with each and every
other if high-class product is desired.
Cows must be brushed, udders kept
clean, tie-ups made healthy and good,
sound food provided, and if anyone is
neglected the pail can surely have no
place, for it accompanies those steps Of
thoroughness which give Mr.. Gurler and
a few others national regulations and
success in the production of sanitary
milk. BY all means get the pail and
milk through absorbent cotton, but let
this be only the measure Of neatness
manifest at every step. When we reach
this standard of dairy work the poor
cream will be eliminated, barn odors
will disappear, filth will not be found in
the separators, and a better demand and
higher prices will be realized by the in
dividual producers. In the cry now
going up for pure food products the first
step is to guard the milk supply, if for
no other reason than that it plays such
IN important part in saving the lives Of
the little ones.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
THE VEGETABLE CELLAR.
A Suggestion to Farmers Who Hav1
l.. .Furnaces-How One Man
= Managed.

:. In the winter is the time the farmer
takes to lay his plans for The future.
We think that nothing will be bet
than the question Of a storage cellar
for potatoes, cabbages, squashes and
other products of the field. There was
time when the cellar under the farm
house was cool enough in winter to
keep most Of the vegetables that it
was desired to keep for some months.
But little by little the big furnace has
invaded the home of the farmer, and
the cellar is no longer the good storage
place it was, says the Farmers Re-
view. The night temperature now runs
to so degrees and the day temperature
to 20 degrees and higher.
All farm vegetables begin to show
deterioration in few weeks from be-
ing stored. The cabbages and beets
wilt and the potatoes shrivel and send
out sprouts, which have to be broken
off again and again to prevent the
nourishment and moisture in the po-
tato being drawn into the "sprout. It
is evident that the man with fur
mace will have to arrange his cellar in
some other way than by leaving it one
open space.
Recently g. professor in one of our
agricultural colleges was describing to
the writer most admirable cold stor-
age room in his cellar. He has fur
mace, and, Us is common, the furnace
must have supply of cold air. He
has had brick partition built across
one end of his cellar, and the cold air
for the furnace is drawn through this
room. It has one aperture opening to
the outside, while on the inside the air
goes into the cold air pipe of the fur
mace.
There is a window in the cold stor-
age room, and of course a door ad-
mits from that into the other part of
the cellar. On cool days, when the
temperature is not so low as to freeze
the vegetables, the professor opens the
window wide and fills the vegetable
cellar with cold air. and then closes it
enough to admit of only the amount Of
draft necessary to keep the furnace
going.
The results are found to be admira-
BILE, and all vegetables stored there, as
we'll as the apples, are kept in perfect
state of preservation till used.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
MATURITY Of THE AFPLE.
A Distinction Which Some Horticul-
turists Arc Making in the Con-
dition Of the Fruit.

: Some of our horticulturists are MAXI
Ing difference between the mature
apple and the ripe apple, though the
general public recognizes no such dis
tlnction. We will let our horticultural
friends have their way, however. The
apple is mature when it has attained its
null growth. 1t is not ripe till 1t has
become mellow with the operations of
sunlight, heat and time. The mature
apple is in the best shape for picking.
II it be left on the tree till it is fully ripe
1t will be a short keeper, while if it il
picked 1t the time of maturity it will
Keep for long time even under usual
farm conditions. AS different varieties
OF apples mature at different times it will
easily be seen that the mixed orchard is
a hard one to keep track of. The old
way of harvesting was to begin to pick
the apples on certain date and then
take all as they came, the long keepers
and the short keepers, the mature apples
and the immature apples.
The mature apple is thing we have
to get acquainted with if we are to know
when it is mature. If it is Ben Davis.
1t is mature very late, so late indeed
that in the vicinity of Wisconsin it gen.
orally has to be picked before it is ma
ture. This is the reason the Ben Davis
has lost its reputation with many peo-
pie. Having been picked before it was
mature it could not follow out the usual
processes of ripening, and was always a
hard, poor favored apple. In regieas
where 1t has had time to mature befo Q
picked it develops into fruit of good
flavor and texture, ripening naturally.
1t takes a study of fruits to Fnow
when each one natures, and this is a
subject that has up to the present time
| received little attention. Men have
grown apples of certain varieties for a
long time and have never given the
question any consideration. The ma
turity of the apple is at last coming
in for it's share of discussion, and the
light is beginning to shine in a dark
| place.-Farmers' Review.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
WHICH KIND DO you KEEP?
The Two Kinds Of Cows, One Makes
Money for Its Owner, the
Other Does Not.

"Why will farmers worth from IS 900
to $4,000 work for five cents an hour?
How can a man who has head enough
to make good living for himself and
family and lay up money besides, be
content with such wage even for a
portion of the day? This very thing is
being done every day by men who keep
in the dairy cows that pay their owner
only five dollars a year after they have
paid their board" remarks Prof R. M.
Washburn, Of the Missouri Agricultural
college.
There are thousands Of such being
kept in the state. They are those shall
low bodied, long legged creatures, such
as The Money Losing Cow This COW
when put to careful test was not able
to make butter for less than 1873 cents
pound. This is for food only and does
not include care or barn rent. The COW
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
ALL-AROUND FARM GATE.
This Tells How One May Be Built
Which Will Do Away with
All Sagging.

When a gate is of considerable
length, as farm gates must be to let
wagon pass through, there is always
danger that they will sag, and mainly
because the device used for the latch
is faulty. Try the following plan of
constructing latch and see il it does
not work well, says the Indianapolis
News. Have the blacksmith bend
piece of 2half-inch round iron in L
shape, making one arm one-quarter of
an inch longer than the thickness of
the post and the gate-board: the other
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
AS TO WHOLEMILK CALVES.
That They Are Proftless Shown by
Missouri Correspondent Of the
Orange Judd Farmer.

An object lesson in dairy manage
lnent was furnished me recently, which
helps to prove common error among
a certain class of farmers. This farm
er sold to the butcher two very young
calves that had been with their dams,
getting all the milk, for seven months.
They weighed little over 1000 pounds
and sold for $31. The farmer was
pleased with the transaction, and re-
marked that he was making some
money. Upon investigation, learned
some facts which will illustrate what
l have in mind. The cows were good
grade Shorthorns, above the average
as mixers
They were fed on fine blue grass pas
ture, and l estimated that while these
calves were following them they gave
at least Is pounds of milk each per day
for the seven months period. Thus the
two calves consumed at least $500
pounds of milk, which at a very mod
crate estimate would have been worth
$3o to $34 if sold at the shipping sta
1ion in the form of cream. It is not
fat, fed on such expensive feed. At
moderate estimate and with good
care, the farmer should have sold at
least $25 worth of milk and cream
from each COW, and raised a calf
worth $40 on the skim milk, or as
much profit from one COW as he re-
ceived from the two.
This is but concrete example of
what is taking place on hundreds of
farms where the old idea is still held
that it pays to raise calves by giving
them the entire milk of the COW. One
OF the greatest profits to be made from
the combined dairying and veal raising
is because of the fact that skim milk
will produce calves of almost as high
quality as will whole milk, and at q
greatly reduced cost
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
LITTLE POINTERS.

City milk inspectors report that the
demand for pasteurized milk is in
creasing.
Poor COWS in the herd rarely pay a
profit. 1t is good business policy to
weed them out.
The cows should be so fed and cared
for as to keep them in full milk as
long as possible.
A whitewashed stable is better in
appearance and healthfulness than one
that is old and weatherbeaten-
The delivery Of milk in a sealed
package is help to purity, provided
the milk is pure when sealed.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
IVIATHAN" TRACTION ENGINE

"LEvIATHAN" TRACTION ENGINE.
South Africa, or the "sub-continent,"
as the people are beginning to call it.
A great many of these engines are en-
ployed in hauling freight across the
veldt, hundreds of miles, and the de-
mand for them is greater than the sup
ply, so that the manufacturers are put
ting forth extra efforts to meet the
market. The picture shows the best
and most serviceable engine which has
yet been produced, and it has lately ar
rived in South Africa from the factory
at Leeds.
1.-THE engine is fitted with compound
cylinders 81 inches and 12% inches d.
amter by II inches stroke The main
road wheels are SIX feet three inches
diameter by two feet two inches wide,
and the front wheels four feet diam
eter by IL inches wide, the great bear
ing surface Of the wide wheels ena-
bling them to travel over comparative
ly soft ground without sinking. The
engine is fitted with extra large fuel
and water capacity, marked advan-
tage in the sub-continent, and fur
nished with three speeds at two, four
and six miles per hour. An enlarged
smoke-box and spark-catcher are en-
ployed, and the engine is steered from
the footplate by McLaren's improved
safety rack steerage. The fireboxes
are made extra large, SO as to burn
wood or inferior coal, and every pro-
vision suggested by long experience
and close acquaintance with South A.
rican requirements made to provide
for all likely contingencies. A-..large
number of engines of this character
have been supplied to contractors and
mine owners in the johannesburg dis
trict, as we'll as to the war Office for
the transport service in the Beer war.
In addition to working as traction en-
gines, they may be used for driving
any sort of machinery by means of a
belt from the t1y-wheel, in which capa-
city they are capable of giving off con-
tinuously maximum of 100 indicated
horse power. They can be used for
temporary service when some of the
permanent engines happen to be bro
ken down, and for variety of other
purposes"
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
USE ROADLESS ENGINES.
Powerful Traction Machines That Are
Operated in Wild Country Of
South Africa.

Fhe English are far ahead of the rest
of the world in traction steam engines.
They have developed the lorry or
steam dray to an extent not approached
In this country or any other, and they
are making great use of the traction
engine to haul trains of freight wag-
ons. Their splendid roads would &C.
count for great deal of this Develop
ment at home, but, singularly enough,
there seems to be even a greater devel-
0pment in the use of the steam trac-
ton engines in the wild country of
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23

got all the food she could eat, but she
was not able to eat enough over and
above that which was required to keep
her own body, to enable her to do Geo.
nOmical work.
why waste labor on such an animal
when the same stable and same care
with COW such as the money making
cow will make good profit? This COW
made butter for 4.27 cents per pound.
The net profit on her in one year was
$85.17. While caring for COW of this
kind the farmer will be making about
80 cents an hour or at the rate of nine
dollars a day."
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
Protection for Apple Treas.


The following from the report of the
secretary of agriculture for the year
1892 has proved satisfactory in my
case in keeping rabbits from hurting
apple trees: "A piece OF closely woven
wire netting about 12x18 inches bent
around the tree and fastened by a wire,
makes sure protection and costs
about three cents. 1t viii: also stop
the eating Of the bark by mice and
prevent the beetle of the rounfi-headed
borer from laying eggs, and will las~
for: several years. A bunch, II. soft
material stuck in the top will keep i
in proper position and allow no chafing
of the tree" In my experience the
wire lasted Until the trees were 50
large that the rabbits did not trouble
them.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
GATE THAT WON'T SAG.

arm should be about ten inches long.
Bore hole through the post under
the board near the edge of the post, put
the threaded end of the bent iron
through and screw on the nut Have
the same arrangement at the lower
part of the gate. When the gate is to
be closed turn the bar SO that it will
not be in the way, and so when the
gate is closed it will rest on the bar.
Then turn the bar back 80 that the up
right piece will be in position over the
board. If, after while, the bar works
too readily, a nail may be placed in po-
sition against which the bar will rest
when It is turned.
The illustration with the drawn de-
tails shows the whole plan IN such q
clear manner that anyone can con-
struct such a gate and attach the
latches.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
Plum Trees.

In setting plum trees, healthy year
lings should be selected. They should
not be set too close together. Some
set them Is feet apart each way. The.
should be pruned to a straight stem
when set; the stem being cut back two
or three feet from the top.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
Glazing Butter.

The Germans have begun the prac-
tee of glazing" butter; that is, the but
ter is covered with a glass-like sugar
covering, and will keep fresh for a very
long time. The glazing Is done by paint
ing the surface with hot sugar solution
which melts the surface and the sugar
and butter form a sort of varnish. A
soft brush is used and the painting is
done quickly.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23

Always churn just as soon as there
is cream enough and sufficient acid de-
velops. II cream is HELD beyond this
it will be injured.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23

For calves one Of the best feeds con-
sists Of equal parts by weight Of
ground oats, corn meal and bran
mixed, +. >. Y:r 5Ez,
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23
HORTICULTURE.
t#b4ltef61,{83&&tlRA&4
&&5S7EX8F
SHORT TALK ON GRATING
Some Of the Underlying Principles Of
the Process-Good and Poor
Unions.


In the work Of grating the nature OF
the union stock and scion is not very
generally understood. 1t is often
mooted question among those who make
a scientific study of pomology. A true
appreciation of the principles will prove
valuable in the practice of horticulture.
Some worthy and valuable research
along this line has been prosecuted at
the Massachusetts experiment station
under the leadership of Prof. F. A..
Waugh.
Prof. Waugh speaks of grating as
the union of scion with stock. In the
vast majority of cases the prime object,
in fact the sole object of grating is to
secure this union. The nature of the
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-06-23

There is nitrogen in snow, but some
OF US would like to receive it ~ gift in
some other form!
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1905-06-17
TO GET PAUL JONES'BoDY
Rear-Admiral Sigsbee TO Sail
On Monday

1t was announced at the Navy De-
partment, Washington, yesterday,
that the squadron under the command
of Rear Admiral Sigsbee, consisting
of the cruisers Brooklyn, Tacoma,
Chattanooga and Galveston, would
sail for France tomorrow or Monday
to get the body of John Paul Jones
The ceremonies connected with the
transfer of the remains will take place
in Paris Oh either July 6 or Z, and on
the Sth the squadron will sail for
chesapeake Bay, on its way TO Annap-
oils, where the body will be inferred
The squadron will go directly from
New York to Cherbourg where it
will receive, the body. The casket
will be placed on board the cruiser
Brooklyn, Admiral Sigsbee's flagship,
and will be received with the firing
of salutes from all of the cruisers II
is quite probable that some vessels OF
thee French navy will be present
The French Government will partic-
ipate to a considerable extent in the
ceremonies at Paris, although the full
details are not known here. General
Horatio Porter. the retiring Ambassa-
dor of the United States. and Robert
s. Mccormick. this Governments new
diplomatic representative at Paris,
will represent the United States inthe
caremOnieS
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1905-06-17

The following order has been is
sued by Rear Admiral Willard II.
Brownson, superintendent at the Ma
val Academy
"All candidates for admission to the
Naval Academy who are in Annapolis
are requested TO present themselves at
Annex @ ON Saturday, June IL, OF
Monday, June 10, for the purpose OF
filling out certain blanks which are
required for the examinations. The
official permits for the examination
are also to be presented at these
times. Office hours 10 IN. to IL IN.
and 2 p. IN. TO p. IN.
"The names of candidates will be
called in alphabetical order, A to X
inclusive on Saturday. and the remain.
der of the alphabet Oh Monday. The
official date set for the examination il
June 20, on which day the reports OF
the last arrivals will be received at
the same time and place as given
above. The mental examination will
begin with English studies at the
New Armory on Wednesday, June 2l,
at . a. III. Reports of the mental ex-
aminations will be made to the super
intendent in alphabetical order, about
forty names at a time, and no infoT'
nation in regard to these reports will
be given except through the superin
tendent's office. Whenever reports
are made, notice will be posted al
the main gate of the Naval Academy.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1905-06-17
Death of Mrs. Heyde

Mrs. Olivia Heyde, wife of the Rev.
George W. Heyde, minister of the
Seamen's Bethel, Baltimore, dled in
that city yesterday at her residence
ON Jackson Place. The deceased was
the daughter of the late John q. and
Barbara Whitehill, of Frederick coun.
ty. where the interment will take
place tomorrow. Besides her husband
she is survived by two daughters,
Mrs. James Padgett, of Washington,
aud Mrs. Hownard ID. Adams, and
one son, DIR. Eugene W. Heyde, a
graduate of St John College, of
Parkton, Md.
During her entire life she took an
active interest in charitable work aud
was secretary and treasurer of the So
cicty for the Relief of Widows and
Orphans of Seamen She was a work
er in the Free Summer Excursion So
ciety of Baltimore, and for a number
of wears had been president of the
Whatsoever Council of the King +
Daughter of the Seamen s Union
Bethel She was we'll known here,
where she lived for four years during
the pastorate Of her husband, the
Rev George Heyde, who was minister
of MARYLAND Avenue NJ K Church,
then Wesley Chapel. Mrs Heyde was
woman of lovely character aud
leaves many sorrowing friends.