The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-09

ahlv the realon from which the Hittits
power developed. Later the PhrygIan.
Armenian rasss crowded In from the west
and drove back the Hlttito tribes toward
the northeast, whore the ancient writer's
became Acquainted with them under the
name Of Colohians, Mosohi and Tibareni.
Other Hittits tribes dwelt further south,
as far as the Chilean coast; there were in
deed. HittIte colonies In Cyprus. The
presence Of eight clay impreeslons OF MT
lite seals at Nineveh "a explained py the
marriage Of the Assyrhn KING VAN TIE
daughter Of Sandasharme OF Cuicia' The
Lydian dynasty Of the Heraoiide seems 70
have been Of Hittits origin. The tmpor'
tanco Of the Hittites In the history OF the
human race lies In the fact that they con-
Jointly with the Phenicians, but earlier,
we're tranmnitters Of the civilization and
culture OF Babyionia 70 Greece, and thus 10
Europe. 1t is now we'll established that
the Greeks. as we'll as the Lycians. CarianA
and others, before they adopted the Phenl.
clan alphabet, made use OF a scrtpt-called
by some "Asian'-Which was derived from
the Hittite hieroglyphs, This script was
employed long time. especially In Cyprus
The letters which were lacking In the
Pho niclan alphabet we're supplied In the
writing Of Asia Minor from the Asian.
The arrangement Of the lines. running alter
nately from left TO right and from right TO
left (bousirophedon), is Hittite. Is the HERO
glyph upon the stone Of Klamath clearly
shows Until, however, the Hittlte inscrtp-
tions, Of which we now have some thirty
OF a substantial character. besides single
Hittite signs on many seal cylinders or clay
impressions Of seals shall have been salts
factorily deoiphered many Of the problems
presented by the history Of Asia Minor and
more particularly the relationship OF the
various groups in this region to one another
cannot be solved. Despite some progress
made in the determination Of some Hittite
signs and In the general Interpretation OF
the picture writing, the key 70 the language
has not yet been found.
In the first volume OF this work will also
be found summary Of the latest disco veTies
relating TO the Phonioians. It Is known
that from a very early period they furnished
purple woollen goods 10 the ancient world,
and 90 much attention was paid by them
TO the manufacture OF glass that they are
often said TO have invented IL. Prof. Justi
deems it reasonable 10 suppose that people
Of seeing Stag constantly In the preparation
OF ores, should even in very early times
discover glazing for their pottery and
should then proceed TO make glass itself.
The Egyptians OF the Eighteenth Dynasty
mention among their booty Mesopotamian
CLASSY fuK. or artificial lapis lazuh. II IL
possible that the invention OF g lass took place
simultaneously in different re gions. There
ia no doubt that In Egypt there are very
ancient representa- tons Of glass making.
and glass vessels have been found In graves
dating even from the Fifth Dynasty. At an
early date the Phpnicians had warehouses
In the Egyptian Delta at Tanis, Mendes,
Bubastis Sails and Memphis, but their
first effort at colonization was made In Cy-
prus. After their occupation Of most OF
that island they settled in the islands OF the
Egean Sea and upon the coast Of Asia
Minor, where they exchanged their manu-
features for slaves, skins and wool, worked
the mines and collected the snAib which
furnished the purple. Modern research
has confirmed the ancient tradition that this
intercourse was Ct incalculable importance
TO the Greeks. who at the beginning OF the
Ph1nician Colonization. about the twelfth
century B. C.. were still In primitive state.
but who were very quick 20 adopt new
conditions Both in the arts and In trade
the Greeks became acquainted through
the newcomers with the products Of a Gull
ture centuries old and copied them. They
were enabled to interchange their thoughts
by means OF the PhpniciAn alphabet.
The Ph9nician mythology also played
an important part in the religious belief o
the Greeks; il can be shown indeed. that
Phpnician sculpture on metal bowls was
the occasion Of the composition of mytho-
logical poems by the Greeks.
We note, lastly, fact Of obvious interest
which is often overlooked, that the influence
Of Phanician colonies on the Mediterranean
world Is not limited to the extension Of
intellectual culture. The PhRnicisns
brought with them from the Syrian coast
70 Europe plants designed for use and
ornament Victor Helm has shown that
the fora OF the countries bordering the
Mediterranean on the north II totally diff
ferent from that which prevailed originally
In that region. The Phpnicians succeeded
In acclimatizing In more northern countries
a great number Of fruit trees and nut bear
ing plants which belonged naturally TO
the Hb-tropical region, which extends
only TO the thirty-fourth degree Of latitude.
The cypress. introduced at an early period
| from Eastern Iran into Babylonia and
Canaan; the pomegranate, laurel, myrtle
olive. hg. vine-originally an Armenian
plant-oedar, ounce. crocus and numerous
evergreen plants were carried beyond the
| Phanician settlements 10 the west and
! north Asiatic plants from even more
| distant portions Of Asia continued to spread
,veatvvard long after the phcpnicians gave
place to the Greeks and Romans. Animals
! also accompanied their masters az they
! iourneyed over the sea. We need here
mention only the donkey which, In its name
(asinus), betrays It's PhGnician origin.
NJ w. II.
National Expansion and international Com
| blnAtiOn.
In a volume entitled The Biology Of Bril-
| ish politics (scTibners), Mr.. CHARLEs II.
/ l.. l. II 10,