davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07
FOR OUR SCHOOLS
LECTURE BY MRS. EDYTH
T0zIER wEATHERRED.
Will Be Given for Benefit of School
Exhibit at Lewis and
Clark Fair.

Mrs. Edyth Tozier Weatherred, OF
Portland, who is touring the state in the
interest of the public school exhibit to
be made by Oregon at the Lewis and
Clark fair, was in the city yesterday.
Mrs. Weatherred left this morning for
Weston where tonight she delivers her
famous lecture. Before leaving ar
rangements were made for lecture in
this city tomorrow Wednesday, evening.
The subject of the lecture pertains to
education and the educational exhibit
to be made at Oregon's great fair. The
lecture is supplemented by stereopticon
views Of the st. Louis exposition and
buildings and grounds at Portland.
A portion of the proceeds derived
from the lecture will be used to defray
the expense incurred in making the
educational exhibit.
The Oregon Daily Journal, speaking
OF Mrs. Weatherred, says;
II there is one woman in the state of
Oregon that knows all about expositions
and, what is better still, knows how to
impart that knowledge to other people,
it is Mrs. Edyth Tozier Weatherred.
AT Omaha Mrs. Weatherred received
initiation into exposition work, as she
was officially connected with the fair at
that place. Later she was appointed
commissioner from Oregon to Buffalo
and Charleston, and served most &C.
ceptably in the bureau of publicity in
both places.
AS commissioner at-large from Oregon
to the Louisiana Purchase exposition
she spent the entire six months at st.
Louis, spending the most of her time in
gathering information beneficial to Ore
gon and advertising the Lewis and
Clark fair. Immediately upon her re-
turn few weeks ago she took up the
work of exploiting the st. Louis fair for
the benefit of Oregon.
Every one who visited the st. Louis
exposition reported the Oregon educa-
tional exhibit lamentably poor, and to
correct the impression that prevailed
there is now the WORK of the educational
committee, appointed by the Lewis and
Clark board, and to supplement this
work and assist in raising the required
fund to make creditable exhibit Mrs.
Weatherred is giving a series of lectures
over the state on the worlds fair, IL
Illustrated by many magnificent stereop-
ticon views specially prepared for this
lecture by Mrs. Keiser, official photo
grapher for the Lewis and Clark CEN
tennial.
Ii anyone can succeed in a work like
this, Mrs. Weatherred can. She has
retentive memory, good command Of
language and bright, vivacious de-
livery that captivates an audience at
once, and the educational committee is
to be congratulated upon enlisting her
assistance.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07
A MENTAL AND
PHYSICAL WRECK
Petitions Praying for Dismissal of Cases
Filed With the County Clerk.

Pendleton, March 6.-District At.
torney G.. W. Phelps this afternoon
filed in the Office of the county clerk
four petitions received by himself, all of
them in relation to the physical condi-
ton Of @. B, Wade, and some of them
praying for the dismissal Of the case
against him.
The first affidavit recites that the
petitioners were acquainted with Wade
in former times, while his health was
good, and that they have seen HIM since
his return from California, and that in
their view he is physical and mental
wreck, and that the purpose of justice
does not require the trial by criminal
court of any man in the mental and
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07

physical condition in which Mr.. Wade
now is. This petition is signed by w.
M. Pierce, Robert Forster, G. W. Rugg,
j. H. Ralev, G. X. Cranston, j. T.
Lambreth, w. E. Brock, William Cald-
we'll, John E. Robinson, Leona Thomp-
son and H. E. Bickers.
The second affidavit is signed by Drs.
Cole and Best, who have been the ply
sicians in attendance upon Mr.. Wade
since his return from California. 1t is
wholly in regard to his physical con-
dition, and gives as their view that
future prosecution of their patient
would result in the loss of his reason,
and possibly OF his life.
Other affidavits bear the signatures of
prominent attorneys and business men.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07

has cut down to the minimum, source
for grazing purposes that can nearly
always be depended upon. A Walla
Walla sheep man remarked that he
thought the price for wool would be
high on account Of its scarcity, but that
further than the benefit of good prices
for wool for present delivery, the sheep
men we're in for hard season.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07
Family Member Suspected

Honolulu, March g. -Strychnine was
found IN the stomach of Mrs. Stanford.
This is the authoritative announcement
made this morning by High Sheriff Hen
ry, following the report made to him by
the chemists. supplementing this an
nouncement, the high sheriff declared
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07

his belief that some member of the
Stanford household now in San Francis
CO, is the murderer. The sheriff is
withholding the name, but will give it to
San Francisco detectives Immediately
upon arrival here. He refused to say
whether or not the name has been cabled
to the police officials at San Francisco.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07
A Large Clip This Season

Pendleton, March 6.-Local sheep
men anticipate record breaking price
for their wool clip this year. The ex-
treme dry weather which has prevailed
SO generally throughout the sheep coun-
try, has entirely exhausted the pastur-
age of the low lands, and in the noun
taino the unusually light fall of snow
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07

Rev. j. B. Lister, who has held SER
les Of meetings in the Christian church
for the past two weeks, leaves today for
his home at Eugene, accompanied by
his daughter, Miss Faith, who has SO
pleased the audiences with her singing.
The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1905-03-07
For Sale.

A good corn cultivator in first class
condition, will be sold at bargain.
Call on o. H. Price, Page place south
of Athena
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28
Althousc Notes.

Cold weather is expected next win
I ter.
Mrs. Johnson, daughter of Mr.. anC
Mrs. Houck, is visiting with hel
parents.
The little six months old babe OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Crook Epperly waf
badly scalded by upsetting cup OF
hot coffee a few days ago.
The bowery dance at Holland wat
we'll attended. We noticed some oil
our old time friends taking part in
the dance and it called back our
younger days.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gibbs have returned
from their California trip thoroughly
glad to get home. They say that
Illinois valley is more to their liking
than any place they have seen.
Last Sunday party consisting OF
Grandma Skeeters, Mrs, J.. Skeeters,
Mrs. J. Sowell and Miss Viola Kit.
terman, took a trip to the smelter.
They report a very pleasant time, but
have thoroughly made up their minds
to be better in the future, for il
future punishment is to be compared
to the warmth from the smelter, they
think it much to their interest to be
good. They spent most of the day
with the newly welded MIR. and Mrs.
Robinson and we're very much pleased
with the sociab1lity extended.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hodgdon have their
tent stretched near Mr.. Gibbs and are
enjoying all the pleasure of an out.
ing. Happy. Co Lucky.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28

in the state Of Oregon to tug for
money, chalk or marbles, regardless
of color, size or creed The members
of the team are Link Ellis, w. G.
Micier, +. c. Kline, NJ. G. Kline,
John Swanson, NJ f. Burns, L.
Hasty, Bob higgins, James Millen,
a. Aubrey, L. McCully. Link
Ellis weighs 1886 pounds, and to be
in trim for any future event will
practice during odd hours at tugging
with a mule.
IL was unanimously voted that the
next log rolling is to be in Grants
Pass. The event will occur on the
Sd and 4th of July and If the same
loyalty and cooperation is shown here
as was shown by Gold Hill citizens,
next years log rolling will be the
biggest gathering Southern Oregon
has ever known. The executive com
mittee. composed Of three delegates
from each Southern Oregon camp,
will meet one month from now to
perfect plans for the next year. 3 as
suCiatiOn. Right now IL the time to
think about helping things along. II
will bring thousands TO this city and
will be an opportunity for Grants
Pass TO show the GLAD hand.
o. o. LUND.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28
Ants Fhss IrOn q SteeI MOrks.

Three choice residence lots to ex.
change for good work horses. W. l.,
Ireland, Courier Building.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28
ANNUAL LOG ROLLING
A GRAND SUCCESS
Woodmen of America and ROYAL
Neighbors Hold Big Rally
at Gold Hill.

The annual log rolling, as it il
ca led, OF the Modern Woodmen anC
Royal Neighbors camps of Sortherr
Oregon, that was held at Gold Hill
last Friday and Saturday, was a sue
cess in every particular. The camp
at Roseturg, Glendale, Leland,
Grants Pass, Woodville, Gold Hill,
Medford, Jacksonville. Ashland,
Sans Valley and Eagle Point were
represented by big delegations. The
Grants Pass delegation numbered
fully $50 and the other towns were
as well represented.
The forenoon Of each day was dc.
voted TO addresses, and musical and
other features, while the afternoons
were devoted TO sports The literary
exercises were held in large tent
and the games on the baseball grounds
The address Of welcome Friday
morning was given by Hou. j. L.
Hammersley, of Gold Hill, aud the
response was by President b. T..
Mulkey. of the Ashland Normal. A
comprehensive address on Woodcraft
and bene fciary orders was then
given by Hon. NJ. A. Miller, of
Lebanon, state lecturer. Saturday
afternoon Hon. j. W. Simmons, state
deputy head consul, gave an able ad-
dress as did also Rev. ". T. Goulder,
of Grants Pass,
Friday evening camp Of Royal
Neighbors, which is the woman r
auxiliary to the Modern Woodmen,
was instituted at Gold Hill with 30
members. The work Of initiating
the members and Of installing the
officers Of the new camp wos con
Quoted by team Ct I3 members
from the Grants Pass camp under
tho caplaincy Of Mrs =. Gravlin.
The team won many compliments by
the perfect manner in which they ex.
ecuted the work of the order
The selection of the town in which
to hold the next log rolling was to
have been decided by tuR.of- war
contest, but Grants Pass won on "A
cold bluff Ashland, Medford, Jack
sonyillo aud RoseburR wanted the
next meeting and IL was left to Ash.
land TO try conclusions with Grants
Pass first The sight though Of
the Grants Pass team gave the
Ashland team "cold feet, " pnd they
would not pull. When Capt.
Lund's "babies" stripped for-action
and 1t became known that the
baby bunting" OF the team
weighed 1892 pounds aud the "big
boy" 835 pounds, and that the ten men
weighed 2l56 pounds it took the
pull"out Of all the teams present
All the members of the team are
giants in strength, one Of them A.
Aubrey, being credited with being
the strongest fisherman on Rogue
river. Not getting to try their
strength at Gold Hin Capt Lund has
announced that the Grants Pass team
will pull against any team in
Oregon.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28

viii L. Rapson, Colonel on the
Brig. Generals sralI Uniform Rank
knights of Pythias, visited G. rants
Pass last week and organized uni.
form rank in Thormopylae lodge No
90 Of Grants pass. Mr. Rnpson has
made several visits TO Grants Pass
as a snlotmHu ior Kirk, GeaIy q
Co, and while on these trips talked
with the members Of the company
about organizing uniform rank
but until now nothing was done. On
Saturday company Of nearly 30
was organized. The charter will not
he closed for about 30 days and the
number will probably reach close to
30 Uniforms have been ordered and
win arrive, it is hoped, in time for
the company to participate in the X
T. day, at the Lewis aud Clark fair.
which occur the early part of Septem.
Der.
Tho following are tho officers and
privates;
Captain, Thos W. Williams.
First Lieutenant JohnMinor Booth.
Second Lieutenant DudlcyM. DePuy.
First Sergeant. " b. Shprmna.
Second Sergeant, HowardN. Mitchell
Secretary, August Fetsch
Irunsur,r John r.. Mcknight.
Chaplain, l.. B. Hall
prlyatrs, Herman llorniug, Basil
W Riggs h. ID. Norton, otto II.
nuulup, Lincoln Savage, h. II. Lis
ter, Chus Grow. ". r. Cuburn, Joseph
T. Chasse, Christian Il. Smith, W.
II. Flanagan, Jos II. Hastay, Louis
schmidt r. W. Hu,orth. MorauPow-
ell, Robert G., Smith.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28
Michigan City Notes.

There will be a social dance at
the Michigan mine, Saturday even
ing, July 29th.
The weather still stays warm and
looks as though we are going to have
a thunder shower.
Clarence Snyder, who is staying at
Jas. Bumgardner's. visited his home
at Jerome Prairie, Sunday.
W. B. York, the cattle raiser and
hay grower, took the last of his cat
tie to the range on Grayback noun
tain, Sunday.
Jas. Bumgardner and wife started
for Shovel creek on the klamath
river Monday and expect to be gone
about a month.
Basil Burrow, who owns hop
yard at New Hope, visited the Michi-
gan mine Sunday. He says his hops
look fine and he expects a good crop.
Miss Pearl Davidson, who has been
staying at Williams Greek for the
last month, visited her brother and
his family at the Michigan mine
Friday.
Samuel Cook, an enterprising
farmer of Applegate, took a band of
cattle to Grants Pass one day last
week. He says there is more profit
in selling them than there is feeding
them $40 hay.
The ball gamo at the Michigan
City grounds Sunday was a grand
success. The NJ. G. team played a
picked team from Murphy and there
about and won. the tally standing
to /. Wood Jeter umpired the game
and gave good satisfaction, They
have no game for next Sunday so far.
Monty's Brother.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28
Machinery For Sale.

A 10 Fl. P. Russell engine, a No.
4 centrifugal pump, POO feet 6-inch,
double riveted pipe, 80 feet 5.incl
pipe, l60 feet 6.inch beltiug, making
a complete irrigatipg. or pumping
plant. Also a turbine waterwheel.
pulley and gears. All at a bargain.
All kinds of machinery bought,
sold aud listed.
Grants Pass Iron & Steel Works.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28
Contributors TO Miners Associa-
ton Fund.


For the information Of certain per-
Sous the Couder has been requested
to publish tho list of contributors 20
the maintenance fund for the Grants
Pass Miners Association. The sum
opposite each name is the amount
that the person gives quarterly IN the
signed contract that was made at the
beginning Of this year for providing
fixed income for the fine exhibit
and reference library that the Asso-
citation maintains IN this city. Il
Will be observed that the names of
certain indiyiduals, who are loud in
boasting through 10 papers Of what
they are doing for the Grants Pass
Miners Association, are cOnspicuously
absent: Thomas q O'Neil, So, X. l..
Bartlett, S8, John Schallhorn, SO,
Cramer Brothers, 81, Hair Riddle,
Hardware Go, sG, J. r. Mcknight,
50, r. H. Harth q Son, So, Grants
Pass Banking & Turst Co, $G, Gar.
man Hemenway Co., So. Henry
Walters, SO, Coburn & Hawkins, SO,
Model Drug store, SO, j. II. Hyde, 81,
Williams Bros Sash d Door Co., S.,
cisch O Not f5, "A. IenpBe, S3,
Arthur Cunklin, 50, @. G. Presley, 50,
Golden Drift Mining Co, So, l.. b.
Hall, So, w. g. Wright, 80, Walter
Harmon, $3.50, Grants Pass Hard.
ware Co, So, Samuel Bowden, $3.
@. l.. Mangum, &c. s. Chase, SO, A.
u. Barnard, s3, +. S. Cheshire, S9,
Geo W. Lewis, So, j. o. Booth, So,
Geo h Good So, h. W Clarke, SO,
JOS. Moss, S. Il. l. Gee, 50, II. A.
Rotcrmuud, 49, O. Il. Harmon, So, d.
NJ. DcPuy, SO, Kinney & Truax, So,
First National Bank, &c. II. b. Hen
bricks, Sl50, II @. Bohzien, 80, NJ.
Clemens g. II d. Norton, SO, X g.
Smith, 49, G. S Calhoun 81, A Il.
Noorhies, S3, ChauNe q Galbraith,
S8. Q. y. DIXON. s8. I. B. Council. Sa
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28
CHOLERA lNfANTUM.
Child Not Expected TO Live From One Hour tC
Another, but Cured by Chambsrlsin's
CoIiC, Cholera and DiarrhOea Remedy.

Ruth. the little daughter of E. N.
Dewey of Agnewville, Va, was
seriously Ill of cholera infantum last
summer. ave gave her up and did
not expect her to live from enc hour
to another" he says. 81 happened to
think of Chamberlain Collie, Cholera
and Diarrhoea Remedy and got a
bottle of it from the store. In five
hours slwa change for the better.
We kept on giving it and before she
had taken the half of one small bottle
she was we'll " This remedy is for
sale by all druggists.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28

Has Stood the Test of 25 Years.
The old, original GROVES Tasteless
Chill Tonic. You know what you are
taking. 1t is IRON and quinine in taste
less form. No cure, no pay.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28

If you want your property sold, list
it with W. L IRELAND, the REAL
ESTATE MAN, COURIER BUILD
ING, ground floor.
Films-CC urier Building.
Rogue River courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1886-1927, 1905-07-28

The following account prepared by
o. O. Lund, consul of the Grants
Pass Modern Woodnen Of America
camp, gives featuios Of the log rolling
that will be Of interest to members
of the order as well as to the genera
public:
The Modern Woodmean of America
log rolling which occurred at Gold
Hill last Friday and Saturday was
certainly the greatest event that
camps have known since the palmey
days and Gold Hill need not feel
ashamed of the way she treated the
5000 Woodmen and their friends who
tlooked into the famous gold camp
from all the Woodmen camps Of
Southern Oregon She did herself
proud.
One Of the big, big things that
occurred was u barbecue. Il was one
of the good, old-fashioned kind the
kind that sends everybody away salts.
fled and with plenty left Tho mput
was deliciously barhecuod and was
tit for king, The writer has par.
taken Of harbocucd meat at clog
rollings' all tho way from Wisconsin
to Oregon and never tasted any bor.
ter than that at Gold Hin A notice.
able feature of the two days big time
was the absence of skin games uua
confidence meu, There was absolutely
no gambling of any nature.
The program for the two days was
varied and Of nature to suit most
taste, both of the inner
and outer man, aud either by the
brain or stomach ruuto. rbuc was
speaking aud ha,cball games, aud tug
ntwar contest that did mot ullr,u
because Of the exceeding ,tuutuo.- uI
The Grants Pass team. But 49,. will
motion that later State LECTURER
Miller Of the Modern Woodmou.
Prof Mulkoy of the Ashland Nor.
nal school w. Slmmonds ct Port
land and Rev Gouldcr ur GmuJ, Pas,
an made excellent addresses.
lhor' was u match gamo OF ml
between the Jacksonville aud Rose.
burg teams in which jacksonville
proved an easy winner There WAS
,lso game between Mtdfori and
Grants Pass teams Grants Pass.
through lack ot imported aud rtu.
.cssional players, lost ny "a scoro OF a
.o 10. As the thermometer stood JuU
In the shade of the grand stand auu
,ud l2o on the blynchyr,, uUu um.
Tas indeed a hot one.
The writor ns captain aud .olohur
,t the tug.ot.war team from Guut,
Pass, went down with bunch of
luggcrs' that wore calculated tu
pull the dlaWhead out OF % boNver
The 10 tip the scales ut jus, anG|
pounds. The looks ot thrm Na,
'noush for the Ashland team chat
iad been matched against tbum. and
although the event was scheduled .
,ud the gaudsmud filled with rcoplp .
Nho paid thur money tu ,pe the .
went, Ashland backed down and .
would not take hold of the rope. .
Nothing would induce thcm Go tug /.
.gainst the Grants Pass team. and % f
promise to appear on the SECOND day
Mas not kept Ashland was simply /.
'fraid and dishonoubly showed the /
white feather Here is test OF the .
Grants Pass tuR.of.war team for 10.
makes an open challenge to any team
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-05-20
SUBJECT OF RUSSIAN GOVERN.
MENT REFUSING JEWS PASS
PORTS TAKEN UP
May Become One of international I'm
portance-DeIegates Attend the
Meeting at Milwaukee

MILWAUKEE,, Wis, May 2O.-The
refusal of the Russian government tc
honor passports carried by American
Jews will be one of the questions dis
cussed at the district convention OF
the International B'nai Birth associa-
ton, which begins at the Plankintor
House tomorrow.
The subject may become one of in
ternational Importance, as an attempt
will probably be made by the B'nai
Birth to have it taken up by the gov
ernments of the United States, Eng
land and other nations.
A number of delegates arrived today
togattend the convention. The states
of Illinois, Michigan Iowa, Nebraska
North Dakota, Minnesota and Wiscon-
sin are embraced in the district and
all will be fully represented. The pro-
ceedings will be presided over by Is
rael Cowan, who is president of the ma
tiOnal society.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-05-20
THE LOCAL K. OF p. MEMBERS
ARE WELL PLEASED AT HIS
RECENT ELECTION
Other lodge news and gossip-WaIIa
WaiIa Encampment Had "Feed"
Last Night

The big event in lodge matters this
week was the election of City Treas
urer r. G. Parks as Keeper Of Records
and Seal of the grand lodge of knights
of Pytnias, at Bellingham, Wednesday
afternoon. Delegates attending the
grand lodge at Bellingham worked
hard for their candidates and members
of Columbia lodge of this city are nat
urally elated over the fact that the
honor fell to Walla Walla officers
elected at the Bellingham meeting
were as follows:
Supreme representative-F. Hand
schy, Bellingham.
Grand CHANCELLOR. w. Macarthur,
Spokane.
Vice Chancellor-H. D. Cooley, Ev
erett
Keeper of records and seals-R. G..
Parks, Walla Walla.
kamp, Tacoma.
Master at arms-H. F. Granger, Sc
attic.
Outer guard-R. w. Thatcher, Pull
man.
The principal contests were over the
offices Of grand keeper of records and
seals and supreme representative. Con-
didates for the former office were r.
G. Parks of Walla Walla and Gus
Meese Of Spokane, and George E. Tev
and r. M. Love of Seattle.
The candidates for supreme repre-
sentative were F. F. Handschy and DR..
E. Weldon Young of Seattle.
Other Lodge News
Trinity Lodge, No. 121, I. 0. o. F.,
conferred the second degree on a num-
Der of candidates Monday evening.
Next Monday evening seven candi-
dates will receive the third degree.
The lodge in point of membership
ranks third in the state.
Encampment Has a Feed.
A big crowd was in attendance at
last nights meeting of Walla Walla
Encampment, 1. O. 0. F. Four can
didates were given the Royal Purple
degree. After clearing up the quar-
terly business the members adjourn
ed to the banquet room where a deli
cious luncheon was served.
Redmen in Session.
Delegates attending the Great Coun-
Gil at Bremerton gave a resume of the
meeting at Wednesday nights meeting
of Walla Walla Tribe, No. 90, l. 0. r.
The returning delegates were c. E.
Metzger, F. J. Hester and Fred Bach
told. Great Sacnems LIE F. A. Shaw
and J. M. Hill also attended the ses-
sion of the Great Council.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-05-20
1,141 CROWS SLAUGHTERED.
Annual Crow Hunt Of Eigin, Ill.,, Help
Kane County Farmers

ELGIN, ILL.,, May 20.-The annual
crow hunt, the big event of the year
given under the auspices of the Elgin
Gun club, took place yesterday, and
today 1,141 of the black pests which
have been burden of trouble to the
tered.
One hundred and fifty sportsmen
bankers, watch factory operatives. AMI
citizens from surrounding towns par
ticipating.