Evening star., 1905-10-08
NEGROES GOING NORTH
Largest Proportionate Popu-
lation is in Washington.
SURVEY OF SITUATION
STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE I:
GREATER IN THE CITIES,
Death Rate Among Colored Children
Out Of the South Alarm
ingly High.

AhC Aalciifai capital mas tUe laTSSSt neBTO
population of any city Of Its size in
the world. This Is said to be one
Of the striking results of migration
southern negroes to the north, which in
the past ten years has increased the negro
population OF Chicago to $4,000, of New
York to 70.coO. of Washington to 9O0O0,
and of all the eastern and mid-western
cities to a number which justifies the at
tempts which have been made in half a
dozen communlties-St. Louis. Philadelphia,
New York. Boston, Chicago, Baltimore.
Westinghouse find out by irst-hand dis
passionate inquiries what are the economic
end social conditions of these colonies.
Through the cooperation of DR.. Dubois
of Atlanta University. Booker T.. Washing
ton Of Tuskegee and other leaders of the
race. together with such agencies sond in
vestigatorss as Greenwich House, New
York; South End House, Boston; the Fred
erick Douglass Center and Trinity Mission.
Chicago and the like, general survey of
the situation has been prepared for a spe-
cial number OF Charities" the New York
5cGrI al of philanthropy and social advance
The extent of migration is indicated by the
fact that In great majority of the coun-
ties of Virginia In the rast ten years there
has been an actual decrease in the number
of negroes. OF each 10000 negroes born in
the south Atlantic states, PAT lived in the
Ecrth Atlantic states in 1890 and 403 in
1900. The number of non-Caucasian natives
of the south living In the north Atlantic
and north central states Increased nearly
80 per cent from 1890 to 19o0
Severe Struggle for Existence.
.'In the cities of the north the negro has
a more severe struggle for existence than
on southern plantations or in southern
towns" this article states. His difficult
ties are accurately reflected in the high
eath rates-especially the mortality of the
negro child. Roughly. in proportion to their
respective numbers for one white In 1900
six negroes died from diphtheria and Group,
two from whoop:ng cough. ten from ma
laral fever. two from darrheal diseases.
between two and three from consumption,
two from heart disease, two from pneu-
mcnia and very nearly two from diseases
OF the nervous system.
"As the haven for those unable to bear
up under the pressure of new industrial
conditions in the south the northern city
is no solution. But, away from the heat
OF traditional debate and race feeling it Is
not impossible that In these newly gathered
groups may be worked out many of those
adjustments of life and labor which affect
the white and colored people of America
In their relations to each other.
Makeup of Negro City Groups.
''The negro population in the states of
Lie uOI III dTc IOl Ildtuidl STOupS III lHc
sense that a rural community. increasing
only by the excess of births over deaths. is
natural. Lillian Brandt, who Investigated
the conditions under which negroes live In
ST. Louis and is now secretary of the COM
mittee or social research Of the New York
Charity Organization Society, writes in the
negro number of Charities as to the make
up of these city groups OF negroes:
The negro population in our cities has
the marks of migrant group and grows
chiefly by the addition of young men and
women from the country. The girls and
won en- evidently do not get as far away
from home as the men. but they go in
larger numbers to nearby cities and they
go younger. There Is an excess Of sixty
six females in every thousand in the cities.
as compared with an excess of four among
the whites. while the rural negro popula-
ton shows an excess of ten males in a
thousand. In nine northern cities 66 per
cent of the negroes are between fifteen and
forty-f1ve years, as against Al per cent of
the native white population Only 20 per
cent of the negroes are children under fif-
teen, as against about 10 per cent of native
whites OF native parentage in the same
much larger proportion Of single. smaller
proportion of married and a surprisingly
large widowed and divorced class of
negroes. In eleven large cities SS per cent
were engaged in gainful occupations,
against SO per cent for all males. While
only one-fourth of all the women of these
cities were bread winners, nearly half of
the negro women are classified as such.
Three-fifths of the $1,000 negro men wage
carriers and nine-tenths of the $4,000 fe
males were engaged in domestic service.
There are carefully prepared articles
along these same lines prepared by Miss
Lucy F. Friday of New York. Dr. J. H. N.
Warfng of Baltimore. Prof. w. E. Burg
A. Kellor, Miss Mary White Ovington of
New York, William L. Bulkley of New
York, John Daniels of Boston. Miss Jessie
c. Sleet of New York, r. r. Wright of