davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06
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Recently in the SmithDoHte1
ton at Washington was pssfosl ~ -
ceremony OF sealing the tDsnb g IT,
founder OF the institutions, the G1ish-I
man James Smiths0n. 80
This institution, which has such u
high place in the scientific uorid, Nhich
our nation points to with greatest pride.
was given US by q foreigner, James
Smithson, son Of the duke Of Northum-
berland. Smithson was himself ascien-j
fist of note: early In life showed Interest
in this field OF human effort, and Ill his
life was IAN associate Of the leading men
of science, and devoted himself to- 10
search" Though belonging to the great
house of Northumberland and, through
his mother, a Percy, related to king, yet
it is thought he was In full sympathy
with our republican form Of goyernlnent::
perhaps because OF the greater needs ce
a new land for such . gift - hA had In
his minds eye, he gave to America the
great legacy.
In these words was the gift bestowed:
Il bequeath the whole of my property to
kUo OulSSU 6IAICO Va <AA0CA ~ ~ AySsssssA
at Washington an establishment Tor the
increase and diffusion OF knowledys5
among men,"
And how did the United States accept
the rich Offering? It is almost incredible
to believe that her attitude for some
time was not only ungrateful but also
ungracious. There was much hestta-
ton about STOPPING to take q foreigners
gift, there was great opposition In con-
gress to its acceptance. Statesmen de-
clared 1t beneath the dignity OF The Unit
ed States to receive presents, said the
donor was in this manner striving after
Immortality for his name. But the
proud citizens were finally prevailed up
on to look at the matter in the light Of
its value to the country. the name of
John Quincy Adams prominent among
those enthusiastically laboring to bring,
about this attitude.
AT last public opinion granted We
might accept, and q representative was
sent over to England to obtain the
money. He entered suit In the courts Of
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06

tries OF the American people lies in the
ability OF the beef trust to fix the prices
of the products of the ranchman and the
farmer. throughout every state and ter
ritory Of the United States. the price of
hogs. cattle and sheep. and consequent
ly the price of wheat, corn and oats.
This blow is aimed at every home and
every merchant of the hamlets. towns
and Cities for the old days of COMPETE
ton have been relegated to the past by
the big packing interests. The EN-
pire of the great Chicago combine de-
fies the law and has the public at its
mercy Al every turn of the wheel it
grows stronger and greater. more insid-
ious and more far-reaching. The beef
trust owns steam and electric railroads,
it owns factories. stockyards. mills,
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06
stockholders of the railroads suffer that
they may get the rake off.

stockholders of the railroads suffer that
they may get the rake of.
At the Threats Of the Railroads.
The packers have been at the Threats
of the railroads since the early eighties,
when the Chicago. Milwaukee L. st. Paul
railroad built to Kansas City and Oma-
ha and to secure the meat business Of
fered to pay mileage charge for the use
OF the packers refrigerator cars. This
was an offer which the other Missouri
river railroads had soon to follow, and
thus was the mileage graft" saddled
upon the railroads Of the country.
There was time when the California
Fruit Transportation company was SUI
preme in the California fruit trade. But
the Armour interest got contract with
one OF the two great fruit shipping
houses by promising that house SO a
car rebate on every car OF fruit; then the
Swifts bought the rival concern. which
by reason of the decline of its business
as result of the Armour inroad had
gone to smash. and then by quiet mu.
tual agreement the Swifts and Armours
had things their own way.
The contracts with the railroads re-
quire of the roads that they use no other
refrigerator cars than those of the beef
trust. called by 20 different names; they
require that the cars shall be returned
as speedily as possible and in fact the
railroads give the preference to the beef
trust cars over their own few refrigerat-
or cars. The minimum loading weight
is as low as possible. SO that the ship
ments shall require as many refrigerator
cars as possible, with consequent in.
crease in the mileage.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06

trusts have impoverished farmers and
stockmen, have broken banks, have pre-
cipitated strikes, and have caused sui
cides, have ruined towns and cities, but
the personality of ]. Ogden Armour is
that of an interesting, manly and fine
type of American manhood. At his sug-
gestion railroads may dismiss the gen
eral manager, and commission mer-
chants may be blacklisted and ruined,
for the beef trust is Unsuitable and re-
morseless, but ]. Ogden Armour is re-
spected and cordially liked by the en-
ployes who know him, and although he
is hated in Wall street, among his
friends and business associations, and
fellow members of his clubs, he is popu-
lar and companion eagerly sought for.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06

chancery; received the money and
brought it to this country in the form Of
1O4, $50 gold s.-- -.cfgus: - -
But not yet was there the right feel
ing toward the. projected institution.
There ensued eight long years Of wrarg-
ling as to the best disposal Of tho sum.
Schools of every grade, from nation
al university to an agricultural school,
a normal school, and . school for the
blind, were proposed. A library. bot
anical garden, an observatory, . chomi-
cal laboratory, q popular publishing
house, a lecture lyceum, an art museum.
any and all of these and many more were
proposed and advocated by this vOlun-3
tary congress Of '.many men Of many
minds" S
1t was in 1886 the Smithsonian lnsti-
tuition was formally established BY pct
of congress, and the following year that
building was begun. The ornate struc-
ture which bears the name Of Smithson-
ian Institution stands in conspicuous
position in the mali, which o.tends
from the capitol to the Washington
monument. Additions have been made
to the original building, and visitors to
the city of Washington carry away
pleasant memories Of the quiet group Of
buildings among the trees Of the Aall.
filed with wonders Of nature and art,
and the trophies Of scientific discovery"
The plan of organization adopted was
that proposed by Prof. Joseph Henry, the
man who gave to the world the electro
magnetic telegraph. The chief features
of Prof. Henry's plan were, to quote his
own words, to assist men Ot science IN
making original researches. to publish
them in series Of volumes, and to give
a copy to every first class library on the
face of the earth.
The publications of the Smithsonian
Institution by now are very numerous.
and are authoritative. Its library, which
is q portion of the congressional library
for half a century the government
and the institution have been closely as
ISOLATED, to mutual ADVANTAGES 4.
wonderful collection Of scientific works.
The institution is custodian Of the ma
tional museum. Space allows only men
ton of the bureau Of exchanges, tho
astro-physical observatory, the nation
al geological park, and the bureau q
American ethn0logy.
HENRY HEYWORTH.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06
PMzHo q ARM0uP

tavus F. Swift. now dead, of Philip D.
Armour. now dead, and of Michael Cud-
ahy have developed to the Industrial
mammoth of the present. had its small
beginning in the slaughter of 6l3 head
OF cattle.
A Billion-Dollar Business.
In 1904 the product of the beef trust
amounted to over billion dollars. In
1903 the combination slaughtered $751;
697 head of cattle.
So we'll laid were the plans of the
founders of this monopoly that it has
gained momentum beyond the power
of its heads to control; the ever growing
stream of its immense profits pours in
upon the beef trust from sources which
are so resistless that the downfall of
Standard Oil supremacy among trusts
seems certain.
Founders Of the Trust.
1t is tribute we'll earned by Gustavus
F. Swift and Philip d. Armour to say
they were the founders of the present
beef combine; that Michael Cudahy was
powerful aide-de-campand that Nelson
Morris, George H. Hammond and others
of the Cudahy brothers had been able
assistants. The great advantage of the
combine over the Independent packers
was, like that of the Standard Oil COM
pany, rebates from railroads which gave
them immense profits when others were
doing business at loss. The grip OF
the beef trust is upon SO many more peo-
pie and affects the three meals per day
of all of them SO vitality that Standard
Oil empire is likely to be outdone unless
the present federal inquiry and the re-
cent decision of the United States SUI
preme court sustaining Judge Gross
cups injunction against trust methods
results in the enforcement of the laws
of the land.
The Standard Oil company deals in
oil and its products. and its profits are
menace to the independence of the
American people. The beef trust goes
into far more homes and names the
price, not only for the fresh meat, the
salt meat and the smoked meat, for the
lard. the glue, the hides, the fertilizers.
all the products of the beef and hog but
the squeal,' but it also fixes the prices
for the fruits of California, because the
beef trust owns the refrigerator cars
necessary to move that fruit 1t names
the price for the cotton grower of the 4
south at which he may sell his product
because the cotton grower is dependent
on the beef trust for fertilizer for his
plantation or his ten acre field. The
fruit growers of New York state and of
Texas, of Colorado and of Cuba look to
Chicago for the figures by which to de-
termine their prices. and by the refriger-
ator car rates hundreds of producers
have been made and hundreds have been
ruined.
Public at Its Mercy.
The most serious blow to the indus 4
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06
SUMMARY OF FACTS ABOUT
BEEF TRUST.

Statements taken from report
Of Commissioner Of Commerce
James r. Garfield:
Profits from dressing beeves,
90 cents each.
Profits additional from by.
products, so cents per head.
Number Of cattle killed during
1903, 5,521 ,697 head.
Percentage Of total number Of
cattle slaughtered in United
States, as per cent.
Average price paid per nun
dfedweight, $4.45.
Average live weight in 1903
was LIS pounds.
Average profit from operation
Of private refrigerator car lines,
rs cents per head.
Profit from refrigerator cars,
IA to " per cent. on investment.
Profit on slaughter Of cattle,
1871 to 1876 per cent. on invest.
ment.
Number Of refrigerator cars
operated, $4,000.
Profit from charges for "ieing"
these cars, not considered in re.
port.
Industries controlled or prac-
ticaIIy controlled by the "beef
trust:" Fresh meat, salt meats,
smoked meats, canned meats,
fertilizers, melons in Colorado,
Colorado fruit, poultry, hides.
bristies,. horn products. bone
products, refrigerator cars, Mich.
igan fruit, tropical fruits, eggs
and butter.
Efforts toward breaking the
monopoly.
Injunction granted in Chicago
by Judge Grosseup, sustained by
United States supreme court,
opinion UNANIMOUS.
Eleven indictments under the
German antitrust law and in
various states under state laws.
In Missouri packers found
guilty AZ a trust and fined 5000.
Federal government investi-
gated "beef trust" and no prose.
} cution 10 yet begun for violating
Injunction or Sherman law.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06

warehouses. elevators. and the state
ment was recently made that it also
owned politicians, legislators and con-
gressmen.
Birth of Chicago Stockyards.
Chicago didn't have cattle market
until John T. Alexander. of Jacksonville,
ILL.,, the biggest shipper of cattle in the
country at that time, in 1866 was offered
special inducements in railroad rates if
he would bring his cattle and hogs to
Chicago. Thus it was discrimination
in freight rates which started the indus
try. as 1t is unequal rates which built
up the beef trust. Alexander accepted
the offer, moved to Chicago and his in
crease of cattle shipments stimulated
rivalry between the Pennsylvania rail-
road and Jay Gould's road. the Erie.
which. in 1868. resulted in cut-throat
rate war on livestock, which gave a
great uplift to the livestock interests in
Chicago. From that time on the pack
ing house business grew in Chicago, and
when Gustavus Swift in January, 1875,
arrived there to engage in livestock bus
mess, new page in the history of the
industry was begun.
Colossal Achievements.
Swift Bros & Co. established its main
slaughter house in Chicago, and estab-
lished branch houses in New York,
Pennsylvania. Connecticut New Hamp-
shire. The annual business of Swift &
Co.. when the combine is said to have
organized, was $2OO.00O,O0O, and the
value of it's capital stock was ac-
cepted at $75.O0O.000. 1t has branch
houses all over the east and west, and in
Europe. 1t has packing houses in st.
Paul, Kansas City. st. Joseph, St. Louis
and other cities. The death of Gustavus
Swift and Philip D. Armour did not take
place until both men had seen the re-
suits of their achievements in mammoth
packing plants. and ledger figures OF
millions. The control Of the business is
virtually now in the hands of J. Ogden
Armour who began work for his father
at SO week as clerk, and who now is
the dominant factor in meats, grains,
fruits and dairy products in the United
States.
a Cnapter OF Beginnings.
Only America can furnish examples of
such personal achievements as the life
stories of Swift. Armour and the Cuda-
ny brothers disclosed. Sandwich, Mass.
is small town, and Gustavus Swift's
parental home near there was stony
and improbable farm. When he was
born, June "a. 1889, there seemed no
prospect for the child but to live the pro-
sale life of farmer, such as his father
and his fathers father had been. He
grubbed amongs the stumps and the
stones and fought with nature for a
meager crop until he was % years old.
Then he moved to Barnstable, full of
in buying and selling cattle, and swap
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06
The First Refrigerator Cars.
7HZ ZZNN V17W
HSH[NZZk'NEAZElRW 7HEEA5/.

Nelson Morris, who was rated as one
of the cattle kings" in the Chicago
yards even then, had been experiment
ing with the shipment of meats in box
cars packed with ice. These experiments
had been very crude and not entirely
satisfactory to Morris, but Swift had
watched them with keen interest. He
seemed to have a prophetic vision of the
present day. He could see that if meats
could be shipped east dressed there
would be great saving over the method
of the day, shipping live cattle, beef on
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06
Not q Housslkssper.

$50 you're married. eli. Ut hops
you've got good housewife"
well, she's only been fashionable
hotel wife SO far, and guess she hopes
to continue so" replied the young benz.
dict.-Philadelphia Press.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06
Most .opportun.

Most opportune.
Man Overboard-Help Help!
Whoy don't yez swim?
Il don't know how
.'Sure an we've got a fine chance to
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06
Not That Young.

Mr.. Cooley Her age really surs
prised me. She doesn't look ~ 60
she? asSsS III
Miss Snappe Not now: hut 4 -
pose she did ct one time
phia Ledger.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06

warehouses; elevators. and the state
ment was recently made that it also
owned politicians, legislators and con-
greSSmen.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06

Public at Its Mercy.
The most serious blow to the indus
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-04-06

chancery; received the money and
brought it to this country in, the form Of
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
TESTIMONY CLOSED.
Senator Smoot Investigation Nearing
Its Close.

Washington, jan. 2!.--Tht invrs;i%l-
ton of protests against senator Reed
SGopt. 80 far as the intloGuction ~
testimony is concerned, was brought
to y close, todlv. When III" sena,t. ON
mittrc or pri, :i.'gc> anG elections '"n-
yened. A. < Wo:thin:lor.. counsel 70"
Senator Smooi announced that he had
nothing further to offer.
Judge r. w. Tayler. counsel for the
prCtp@tants decided roi to offer any
evidence In r"tutial. Chairman F:i:T
rows ruled tha. arguments should l."
hcgun, tomorrnW and limited I" IIv''
hours on tea"h side. with lcaN" 20 iil''
attractions from The Testimony.
Judge 'Iayl.r wsa. .lo7 reaGv I" begin
his arguInen: but SAID he could begin
tomorrow.
1t uLs finally ;.greed that Judge Tay-
ier should open the arguments and be
followed BY counsel for the defence
Judge Tayler viii then be permitted to
close. The investigation Was opened
Jan. Is, 1904.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
MOST ExTREmE CONDITIONS
Or the Winter Shown on Government
Weather Map.

W,shi!Iet"n. Jan. 2l-The Middle At
ltp,!C CO;lSt is the scene of a scVer.
storm and the wea ther map. this morn
ing. ACCORDING, to reports to he wealth
or bureau, presents the most cxt~..,n.
sc',rlii ions OF the winter. \ :n:Ike'l
cold warr extends into 'r-nn.eSen ;Inl
general SHOWS. accompanied Nv severe
Lorihclly gales. have visited the terri
tory EAST Of the Mississippi river. In
the Missouri vnliev and the Northwest
the temperatures ranged from IS % y
degrees below zero. West of the Rock
moInI ans the weathei continued gem
crallv Go rdy with rain ovec the north
.iiG::i i and Californil. still love:
tcmr"ra.,n' ; may be expected. tonight.
nthr East ana South. yith frteHE-s
temperature in Florida proba5l? 10 IN"
26th lrlrrrll'l and temperatures Dc
t"'"n /. .;nG l. degrees ON ;hc mn -
gulf cmisI. Cold weather vi! Goa M
ne durins Thursday, and .'r'oihiy Ell
ds,.
y, Nc .'il.lc .ttin.Iti c"aSr there
" i'll liz. iriiiNe&t gals. IN tAe S"H':
:, tlii.i... cost INC winds vii b" h'Th
mort west. Diminishing. Thursday. ~"
Oh ~. .'ns. Gull coas;. !r'-k It'th.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
FIVE BUILDINGS BURN
In Newburypert. While Storm Is at IT'S
Height.

Newburyport, Mass, Jan. 25.-FiTe
wooden buildings We're burned. early
today, while a severe snow storm Was
al it's height, causing total loss OF
$500 with partial insurance. The tIi'G-
ings destroyed were the carpenter Si-H''
Of Langley & stiles. on Merritnac street
with q two-story WOODEN building us"i
by this firm as 4 stpreh"use ma = haG
adjoining, q two and Il half-story res
idence and store building aud Snl1ii
dwelling. The frenen had co1sid"r-
able difficulty in resching the family
Of l,Onabad Arakcisian, an Arin"ni;in.
from the dwelling. A"akelsian himself.
jumped from a second-story NnNo =
and was badly so hurt that h" WAS tax
cn to the hospital. The heaviest loss
falls on G. II. Lord. owner Of four of
,hr burned buildings. The cause OF the
fire. is unknown.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
When to Go Home.

From the E!uffton, Ind. Banner
when tired out, go home. When you
want consolation. go home. When you
want fun, go home. When you want
to show others that you have reformed
go home and let your family get ac-
qualnted with ths fact When You
want to show yourself at your best go
home and do the act there. When you
feel like being extra liberal go hc:ne
and practice on your wife and children
first When you want to shine with
extra bri!liancy go home and light Ut
the whole household" To which Wa
would add. wheI you have a bad cold,
go home and take Chamberlain's Coush
Remedy and quick cure IL certain. 1t
counteracts any tendency Of a cold 70
result In pneumonia. For sale nv Jno
CouEhlin. Augusta: G. H. Beane
lerdinsr,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
ApJUDGED BANKRUPT.
Mrs. Cassie L. Chadwick Fails to Ans
wer Proceedings Against Her.

cleveland. Ohio. Jan. 25.-AIrs. Cas-
sic l.. Chadwick. who is still in Jail.
WAS. today. formally adjudged bank
rupt by default in the United States
district court having failed to file an
answer within the legal time limit t"
the bankruptcy proceedings brought
against her. The creditors will now
elect Il trustee to take charge of her
property until il is sold. Mrs. Chad
wick has been ordered to file a list
of all her creditors together with a
schedule of her assets and liabilities
within 10 days.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
FOREIGN RELATIONS.
Committee Consider Resolution Intro
/; duced by Senator Bacon.

Washington. Jan. :5.-Thc Senate
committee on foreign relations. today.
sliscu{sed the resolutions introduced by
sem, tor lFs,-,ln asking information from
tho President relative to the recent
arrangement with san Domingo. but
tn" resolution went over until the next
meeting Without action. The commit
tee also postponed action on the arbi-
tiation treaties until the next meeting
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
New Advertisements Tom,

Wantcd-Adams House
l.o@t-Rlack Pocket Book
STANDARDIZATION as COVERINGS
Fire sale at +. S. Smiths, Gardine,
Jackson Eros: drug store. Gardner
Stevens & Ballard, Augus,a-Fina ".
wear me loot
Decker & Day, Observation-Disclosures
and coal i"i u"are
For Sale-Millinery and Ladies'. F.,
iShing Store. urn
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
Two Steamers Ashore,

T:altimore. Md, Jan. 25.-Two ste3m-
crs are ashore below Bodkins Point.
They are supposed to be tie British
steamer Lord Ernc. Baltimore for Bel
fast. and the British steamer Elswick
Lodge. Baltimore for Rotterdam.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26

1000 ladies' and gentlemen to call 4,
Percy Means drug store. Augusta a',n
procure free sample bottle OF inc o'4
and original Adamson's Cough Balsa'n
pleasant as honey TO taste ana cur
coughs and colds as by magic.
JAM 4dtOMch.1S LIST.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
CHARGED WITH MURDER.
Warrant Issued for Arthur Muii'aan
for Murder Of Florence Groves.

milwaukee,. Wis. Jan. 25.--Detcctive
Dennis sullivan of this city. SOore out
warrant charging Arthur Ii. Milf
gan OF brooklyn. y. Y. with thu muir
dor Of Florence Groves of Chicago. ut
the Blatz hotel in Milwaukee. Monday.
Milligan was arrested in Racine. last
night and brought to milwaukee,. The
couple were registered ut Tie EatZ 10
tel as IL S. Terry and wife
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26
SPECIAL ADVERTISE ENTS.

SMALL ADVERTISEMENTS not e1-
reedine twenty-live words coming under
the head Of WANTED. FOR SALE. to
LIT. LOST. &c will be inser;ed once
for 10 cents and cents for each SuDSe-
In sending by mail remittance Of postage
stamps should be made with order as the
cha Ees are too small to open account Tor
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26

Dr. II. J. Frederick, assfste1 ~ DF =
Washburn, performed surgical opera.
ton. Monday. upon William H. Getch-
ell of North Street place. Mr. Getche
WAS reported, yesterday. as being very
comfortable.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1905-01-26

Charles f. Sturgs, proprietor of the
kennebeC House. has sold his interest
in this house and the livery business
connected with il to John Fl. Mcdonald
Of this city who takes possession at
once. Mr.. SturCiS will leave the city
and larry on his farm in Nassalboro.