The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-09-24

$500 = - 81 81
est mountains and a hat a the aeelestr
/ ocean We must notSj gel no viewer. 10 ~
the thickness OF the tn altogetherSpys;
face lis also Irregular and az hesc deep
oceans valleys and sssrn Gun tain RANGES
form w hat Is called cation and are
theEwea X PARTS of thescrust q. Ne
B Many of the, high Hes m ountalns such
as the Andes are tut@do U b edly pusslic,i
out by the pressure und meath Sand th 8
is. shown the vol anoes and ws y I'm!
.hat earthqua kes as d rule lid ppepi nor..i
frequently, In yolcant Il.
\ The Mediterrails DePressipn::s:;
$formldabl sho cks Sara, Eel eeia knoRnse
the s,fetater1anean sDepressI on, the earth
being as it were cut into by an! iinplenss
r,yIrea or valley of. ich the .Medittel-f
IRA rleanS forms a parts Id, hloh passes
Youttinto the Atlantic Ocean THENCE across t,'
the Caribbean Sea, & hense acrosss3t!n ~
SIsthnus Panama to the Efacltlc zSeestE
and Islands OF Japan. s.d @si5 M
4 This whole belt sBcompose cd IN o fsSHol
canoes some submerged and OF hersii. on on
the surface. and We hay o reason to3be
slicye this belt is a line of lea ts
Sto the internal pressure, sWht a:tsAe
cause OF the earthofualk cs :S! ey Eit1'Bs'
,manifest themselves along this line more
cIoSWikGA
Z rea son Il why B In Europe Lisbon, e lgerla.
South Coast of France. piles. Il Sicily
and Greek Archipelago: have suffered -
much from frightful catnclysms Ike tina.
Z. Of Lisbon in 1 75a in which 30. coo lives We're
lost. Peru. which Is situated on TINS
same line, has many times been vlsites
by earthquakes. e s.a $8
The. Mechanical Effects.
& ,rhara os;. are. 6hree kinds Of; niechanicAl,i
effects which nre produced y ~ 81
2qunkes: .sis: .f3pf4 Y,
First, there IS vertical hshock coming
from underneath which throws houses.
rocks and ships even into the air.
Then there are the horizontal shocks
which upset houses and buildings. the
upper stories always being destroyed
first. This is shown In the picture which
was taken in Mentone In 1886. This par
ticular earthquake occurred In February
while the carnival was being held. ana
pictures taken Of the streets after tho
earthquake show many n.lruined sitrl-
umphnnt car bearing Witness fof HtheI
myrth and gayety which reigned tho
time OF the catastrophe.
Lastly, * there are undulatory shocks
which cause the ground to vlbrate l!Ke
the waves of the sea. 1t IL these shocks
that twist the railroads and bridges
Transforming them into immense SER
penis. as IL SHoWN by tpHotoSiaP '' - 80 |
cut. dSsa
All earthquakes are not the saT;r
in some there is simply one distinctive
shock, while in others there are severn!
succession Of shocks In some instances
the shock or shocks are only felt for y
few minutes and In others they last
Tor a few hours. Sometimes there is 2
succession of them extending over q Pc
Rod varying from aRfew hours 70 EseY-
~ Ipnel< A.
The earthquake AT Cassamccoln, Italy
which occurred In 1883, lasted s,buffof4
sixteen seconds, but In this short space
Of time 1900 houses were DESTROYED anu
$500 people were killed. Is
In 1856 lin japan there were 10s shocks
in one, week and in 1850 In the Hawaiian
islands there were moro han 20O2 shocks
obseryed In the month Of March ,ss,nS
1891 In Japan 1858 shocks We're recoraeu
In 12 days.
In some Instances earthquakes altor
entirely the ASPECT OF Me surface OF the
destroyed and in other instances new
peaks are thrown up and preclplces
formed. IL We give photograph taken ~
1891 showing preclplce: caused by that
earthquake. In Japall.8 II 3
AS We are well aware earthquakes are
not confined locally, some of them eH-
tending over vast differences,
y Fo rexampe: the Erent earthquake a.
lisbon was observed over 1900 600 square
miles, y.
How Earthquakes Travel,
Earthquakes travel In waves Win
speed that varies according to the natHls
or the ground they pass over, betWsnls
1900 feet and 1900 feet second 'Eilr
smaller sped Is like that OF az pu.tel
from one of our modern files While the
latter has never been reachd ~ o4n
best artillery. The mat ure or ne so'l3
also has much to do With the speed al
which they travel. IN sandy countries
The undulations loose their violence, %l;'lr
an clay or rock their speed Is greatpy "
tenslfied.
While we speak of these .nanlsfesta-
lions of nature ms earthquakes we nv
lam To- llmlInd