The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-01-06

ing of the sun. and are distilled imme- diateiy. They may be placed with salt in barrels. and thus preserved. but when this is done the perfume is likely to lose its delicacy. Some plants may be dried before distiliation; but the principle may be laid down that prompt ldistiiiation gives far the best results. . Numerous devices are on the market !, for cutting and crushing the plants and flowers and otherwise preparing them for the still. The essences do not ini- mediately vaporize with steam. but only after 6 certain period. This re- suits form the fact that the essence is frequently imprisoned in the cellular tissue of the plant. and escapes only as ton of heat. The stills are simple in form, and numerous designs are of- fered for sale. The steam carrying the liberated essence passes from the boiler through a coil of pipes. to be condensed in another vessel. The distillation is considered as accomplished when the water discharged from the coll of pipe Is odorless. The liquid remaining in the boiler is then used again with fresh plants, so that any remaining particles of the essence may be secured.
 The perfume-laden water is common ly received in a Florentine vase. from which the water Is poured. If the es- sence is heavier than, water. the spout of the vase is placed higher than 1t would be otherwise, so that the oil may remain on the bottom.
 The foregoing is the generally ac- cepted method of essence extraction in this region. The process of secur- ing perfumes or essences by absorption is equally easy of comprehension. This method is employed when the flowers utrnAn trA Ar1f cassia flower, jasmine, and heliotrope. are so delicate and possess perfume in so limited a quantity as to render ex- traction by distiliation difiicult. To extract these highly delicate perfumes manufacturers avail themselves of the property which the plants possess of
 transferring their odor to greases, fixed oils. and paraffin.
 Extraction by absorption fs called
 maceration when the vehicle is liquid grease, enfiurage when 1t is q heavy grease, and pneumatic when . current of air passed upon the flowers and then conducted through grease or benSine.
 To extract perfume by naceration a quantity of clarified beef or mutton kidney grease is mixed with clarified pork grease. the combination being then melted. and in thls form. at . tenn perature of e5 degrees c. maximum. re- ceiving the flowers designed for treat- ment. The flowers are left in this bath for from twelve to forty-eight hours. after which they gre strained out and replpeed from ten to fifteen times, until the grease or pomade poe- sesses the requisite strength. The
 French manufacturers designate these pomades by nlmbers, as 6, 12, IS and 24, the numbers indicating the intensl- ty of the perfume. Antique oils (huiles antiques) are manufactured In the same manner. except that the grease is re-
 placed by, olive oil.
 Certain perfumes are SO delicate that the process of absorption in hot
 greases is impossible. In such cases
 the flowers are placed in a linen cloth and are plunged in olive oil. The hours. the operation continuing during one month. The oil is unlikely to be- come rancid during the operation. Another process involves the use of glass -bottomed frames upon which is spread a layer of grease. Upon the grease the flowers are extended and allowed to remain from twelve to seventy-two hours. They are renewed during the towering season, sometimes two or three months. The grease im- bibes the perfume and is converted into very fine pomade.
 Again. coarse cotton cloths soaked with olive oil and laid upon frames of wire netting are covered with flowers that are renewed frequently. Finally the cloths are subjected to strong pres surei and the perfumed oil is gathered
 Many of the pomades thus obtained serve to produce the French "extracts." The extracts result from the introduc- ton of alcohol into, copper drums con- taining the perfumed pomades. After a long and violent trituration the greases remain intact but the odorous substances are dissolved by the alcohol. The contents of the copper drums are decanted and such alcohol as remains in the grease is afterwards withdrawn by distillation. The grease can not be used again for the purpose of extract ing perfumes.
 Success has recently attended efforts