davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
BY An Eye Witness.

"Tbo Yankees were all around Cen
+roriue and our boys were laying
along Bull Run. Some of our troops
kent coming through Gainesville from
tlo Valley" CThis was Johnston 5
army which had slipped away from
pattnrson's troops in the Shenandoah
valley and was reinforcing BeauTe-
gard Early Sunday morning we
heard shooting down the pike toWaruS
the Stone Bridge, ana my huspdnu
called out that the Nanks were com.
ing. We went up to the top OF tliaI
hill yonder and some OF the helGhpors
also came up. We could see tne
smoke rising above the trees ABOUT
the Stone Bridge CIhis was lHltI
division of the Union army ehsaslns
Cooke and Evans brigades posted oi. i
the extreme Confederate lett) VI
towards Sudley we could see cI0uus
of dust rising over the woods. ilhiSS
was Mcdowell with the divisions OF
Hunter and HeintZclman executing
the flank movement. "After the
shooting had been going on Tor hall
an hour we could see crowds OF men
running back from the stone Bridge
to the Sudley road ana then gong
north towards Sudlcy. Southern
troops were coming up from towards
Manassas, marching across the Henry
farm, then over Buck Hill and on 10
wards Sudley." CThe Confederates
had discovered the Union turning
movement and were preparing to
check it, "Not long after all this, the
shooting began between the pike and
Sudley. We could hear the sharp
cracking of the muskets and the loud
reports of the cannon, and could hear
men shouting. Not long after, the
men who had marched towards Sudley
came running back through the
woods and over the fields, stopping to
shoot now and then. More COnfed
crates were coming from Manassas
and were forming on Buck Hill and
the Matthews farm" (These were the
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27

the third is occupied by n tenant farm
er of the DoganS. Both Mrs. lIo@an
and lin Redmond saw the battles OF
Bull Run and looked upon the heldS III
all their cory horror. When the hrlnE
had ceased. Mrs. DOgan and her emil
drnu. and Jim Redmond walked
omour the dead and wounded carry
inc huckctS of water and "gourd
dinpcrs. giving drink to the moaning
soldiers. many of whom. of course
vrrn diving. All the old folk IN lhe
battle region Of Virginia say that 'he
most horrible sound that comes from
n battlefield is the chorus OF cries Iof
wafer which come from the wounded.
After his labor as volunteer Wa'eI
corrier. Redmond worked with Il
burial party digging the long ueep
trenches in which the confederate
dead were laid. ,.4
Grovcton is on high ground, nut
near the Dogan house is hill from
which Il good view may be obtained Oh
Henry Hill. the junction of the WI ar
rcnton pike and the Sudley road ana
the valley Of Young's Branch all
milo 70 the east of GrOveton ana the
real red fighting ground of that req
SUNDAY. July 21 1861. 1t was from
This hill that Mrs DOgan and Jim Keu-
mond watched the first battle. III Is
interesting TO let Mrs. Dogan tel Ihe
story of the fight in her own way
She said:
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27

supposed that their adoption has been
universal. for there are still many parts
of the country in which sugar is pro-
duced only in small way, and almost
every form of sugar making, even the
primitive may yet be found. Many
eaters of maple sugar, as matter Of
fact, prefer the coarser open kettle
sugar to the smooth, delicately favored
sugar produced by improved evapora-
tiOn. The former is darker in color and
stronger in the maple taste. Honest pro-
ducers endeavOr to market their sugar
and syrup direct or through the asso-
Citations, instead of selling it to whole
salers, who, as a rule, mix it with glu-
cOSe and other adulterants.
The New England States are the
greatest producers, Vermont heading
the list with an average annual produc-
ton of about 100000 pounds of
sugar and 100000 gallons of syrup.
The total production of maple sugar in
the United States is about 3O,0O0000
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
The BHfhesOme Locust.

From The Washington Star
Look here. Mistuh Locus bug, a.
screechin' in de tree,
We been lis'nen' to you till we's
tired as we kin be.
You singin' an a-playin' like you hated
foh to quit.
You pears to has you s'picions dat you
made a pow'ful hit.
De leaves is gettin' yaller an de grass
is turnin' brown,
An de sun he keeps a-blazin' on de
country an de town.
It's dat ar conjur chorus dat you sings
dat makes it so.
| AK you, Mistuh Locus, ain you never
gwine to go?
You holler in de daytime an you hoiler
in de night. ,,
You's got de moon discouraged till
she's slidin' out O. sight.
An when you KEEP a-singin till we's all
a-feelin sad,
You stahts to play de fiddle, an you
plays it mighty bad.
De tree toad is discouraged an de
cricket's keepin' dark.
De lightnin' bugs so warm dat he's
afraid to show a spark.
Miss Katydid's a-waitin' it's time she
had show.
ak you, Mistuh locus, amt you never
gwine to go?
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27

brigades of Bee and Barlow Of John.
ston's army fighting to stay the Fed
eral advance.) after fighting there
for some time our boys ran back from
Buck Hill over to the Henry place,
and the Yankees after them. More
men kept coming from towards Manas-
sas." (The whole of Beauregard and
Johnston's armies were taking posi-
tion on the Henry farm) "Then the
Yankees followed up Henry Hill. The
shooting had got SO furious now that
we couldn't hear any single musket,
and the firing of the cannon was so
fast that only once in n while could
we pick out n single shot. The coun-
try down there was now so covered
with dust and smoke that we couldn't
see the men, and though they were
shouting we could not distinguish the
shouting from the shooting. Now and
then-we could see lines Of men running
across the Chinn place, this side of
the Henry farm, as though they were
running 10 get into the smoke and dust
and shooting. 1t was an awful sight.
Every little while n cannon ball or
Sl-tll NOulNl NOllt Nv Ntl OuI W dN' bhN ~
were all too interested and excited TO
mind it, About four o'clock in the
afternoon the noise was at its lOudest,
and we could see small bodies of men
going back across the Matthews place
and on towards Sudley. Then more
went back that way and finally the
field got so full Of them and they made
such dust running that we couldn't
see them. The shooting Quietcd down
so we could hear single shots. and the
dust in the Henry field got higher and
thinner. We knew the Yankees were
About six o'clock that even
ing my husband and | drove over to
the Henry place. The old house was Il
heap of smoking ashes. My old friend
Mrs. Judith Henry, who was sick in
bed. had been killed that morning by Il
shell which broke through the house |
and burst in her bedroom. All the |
trees about the place had been shot
down so that only the StumpS were |
Parties of COnfederates
were picking up dead men and burying /
them. but plenty of corpses were still /
lying around. We saw a great many /
men. and many of them were .
begging for water. Dead horses were
ying around everywhere, and the field,
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
NEW WATERWAYS.
PROPOSED SHORTENINGS OF
NORTHWESTERN TR4NSP0R-
TATION ROUTES.

Canals Which May be Cut Through
Michigan and Wisconsin PENN
suIas.-Enginering Difficulties Not
Great.
The canal, ancient institution though
it is, so far from having Outlived its
uses, commends itself with increasing
urgency as the years speed by. Canals
do not hold their place in the public
eye directly as means of cheap trans
port. but as short cuts between great
navigable waters.
y short cut is q time-saver, and q
time-saver is a money-maker. And this
is the universal demand.
From the days of the Pharoahs wa
ter-link between the Mediterranean
and the Red Sea was talked of and a
generation or so ago the Suez Canal
became fact. SO well established is
it now that commerce between Europe
and the Orient marvels how it got
along before De Lesseps made a dream
come true. Then on our continent was
the Erie Canal that brought the Great
Lakes in touch with the Atlantic
through the Hudson River. There was
the Manchester Canal, the Kiel Canal
and the 500 Canal. The Panama Canal
is in near prospect, a ship canal be-
tween the inland seas and the Missis-
sippi River is in mind, and now comes
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
Versed in Pig Language.

Wages of farm laborers in England
are enticing. An advertiser in the
Wimbledon. England Gazette wants
"a lad about 90; must he a churchman
of good education. who can drive a
horse and cart, assist in the stable and
garden (melons and cucumbers), milk
cows and understand pigs; must be ac-
cuStomed to wait at table and of gen.
tlemanly appearance; early riser aud
tectotaler; good references required. -
The wages of this farm hand of di-
versified accomplishments are to be
$50 year. but he must lodge out and
furnish his own meals, except dinner.
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
Many Miles Shorter.

The time is perhaps not distant when
engineers will cut Il canal through the
base of the Michigan peninsula and
thus couple up Lake Huron and Lake
Michigan. A ditch 15J miles would re-
duce by 4J0 miles the all-water route
between Buffalo and Chicago. The
route across the Michigan peninsula
which has been suggested lies from To-
ledO on the east TO South Haven Oh
the west. The topography Of the land
presents none of the great obstacles
which were overcome in the Erie
Chesapeake and Ohio and other great
American canals The commerce of the
Great Lakes is vast enough to deserve
all the short cuts which engineering
skill and wealth can command.
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
The Famous MosebyaMen.

Mrs. DOgan's house was the rendez-
vous of Moseby's Rangers" scouts"
"bushwhackers," pirates" variOusly
called. many of whom are still living,
scattered throughout Northern Nir-
ginia. The morning after MOseby
took General StoughtOn and staff, pris-
oners at Fairfax court house, the
whole party ate breakfast at Mrs. Do
gan's. The old lady was a star wit
ness in the Congressional inquiry into
the Fitz-John Porter case. She testi-
fled that Longstreet and staff took
breakfast with her on the morning of
August % and that regiments of his
corps We're marching down the pike
from Gainesville. This did much to
establish Porter's contention that
when he and his division lay behind
Dawkin's branch on August % Long
streets whole corps was in front of
him extending from JacksOn's right at
Groveton.
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27

canal will be built, even though en-
canal will be built, even though the en-
gineers are compelled TO - mile deep
for Il foundation for their works. The
United States will never add chapter
to the history of the de Lesseps failure,
Even if the canal is to cost billion
dollars instead of the $2OO.OOO,OOO that
has been estimated, it will be put
through But it may happen many
times before the job is done that, as
Mr.. Payne suggests, the people will re-
call those all-night speeches OF old
Senator Morgan and be willing to have
them enrolled among the masterpieces
of American oratory."
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
PASTURE LAND IN A MAPLE SUGAR
GROVE.

pounds annually. An interesting illus
trated bulletin has been published by
the Department of Agriculture, giving
Il detailed description of methods of
sugar and syrup making, and also in
formation and advice as to the best
methods Of planting and caring for
maple groves TO insure the highest re-
turns to their owners. The bulletin al
So describes the various methods and
practices of adulteration largely in
vogue, some of which are hurtful to
health, while others are simply frauds
practiced OH the purchaser.
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
Even IfIt Costs a Billion.

The Des Moines Register and Leader,
in discussing the Panama Canal ques-
ton, says that sit is probably safe, as
the result of all that is being said, to
conclude that the government has en-
gagged upon an experiment that will
cost more in time and money than any
one has been willing to admit. But the
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27

reaching the other end in the form of
syrup. This is practically the form of
evaporatOr in use to-day. Improve
mentS have been made in the method
of firing. and from the old, rough fire.
box has been evolved the modern
portable arch. made of iron, lined with
fire brick and provided with CRATE bars
and accurate dampers, so that the heat
is more regular, while no smoke is al
lowed 10 pSCnne.
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27

a proposition to join Lakes Superior
and Michigan 135 miles west of Sault
Ste. Marie. 1t is contemplated to uti-
liZe White Fish River, which flows
from very near the north shore of the
northern peninsula of Michigan south
ward into the Little Bay de Noquette,
due north of Chicago. OF the 40 miles
across the peninsula only about 1G
would need to be dredged.
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
Steam Pipe Evaporators.

Probably the latest improvement in
syrup making is that adopted by a
manufactures in the Adirondacks. A
series of steam pipes is placed in the
cvaporating pan and the sap made to
flow around them. The process is
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27

pretty well turned mp by shells and
WIM poI0nI lSnf sUM 'sI5oVM NL3UlLG
muSkctS. bayoncts. belts, caps, knap-
sacks and coats
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
"TAE BELLE or BATTLES. y
RELICS OF THE BATTLEFIELDS
OF BULL RUN.
Two Ancient Citizens Who Viewed
the Slaughter and Cared for the
Wounded Both Still Living on
the RattIanrOund.

Two Ancient Citizens Who Viewed
the Slaughter and Cared for the
Wounded Both Still Living on
the battle-ground.
"The Belle of Battles is a title-a
sort of n nom de guerre-bOrne by a
venerable woman who lives at Grove
ton, Prince William county, Virginia,
a war-worn hamlet in that blood
soaked region wherein the first and
second battles of Bull Run and scores
of less sanguinary engagements were
fought. Groveton is hamlet Of
tragic memories. 1t is on the War
rentOn turnpike five miles west of Cen
treville, three miles east of Gaines
vile, five miles north of Manassas and
two miles south of Sudley. These
were important names in the heroic
age of the Republic.
Though the old lady was known to
the men of the Federal armies of the
Potomac and Virginia. and to the
Confederate army of Northern Nir-
ginia, and is still known the country
round as The Belle of Battles" her
name is Mrs. Lucinda DOgan. She. is
ninety years old, has an excellent
memory, good teeth does not wear
eyeglasses and can walk miles at
stretch.
Ninety Year Old Witnesses.
August 2S. % and 80 are the battle
days of the Second Bull Run. August
80 was Mrs. Dogan'S ninetieth birth
day. The fOrty-third anniversary of
the defeat OF Pope by Lee and Jack
son will be celebrated on the field of
Groveton, the centre of the opposing
armies. by a reunion of veterans and
a birthday celebration for the Belle
Of Battles. The two obServances will
be so interviewer that it would be hard
to separate one from the other. An
other feature of the observance will be
that particular prominence will be
given 10 an Old-time colored man
whose name is Jim Redmond, Red
mond is also ninety years old.
GrOveton is a group of three houses
at a crossroad. Mrs. DOgan lives in
one house. Redmond in another ana
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
Sugar Camps in the Woods

The boiling was generally done in the
open woods. and with no shelter from
the weather. leaves, pieces of bark,
ashes, drippings from the trees and
other impurities fell into the open
pals and kettles. The Old-fashioned
potash kettle was suspended over the
fire from one end of long, heavy pole,
which. by weights at the other end,
could be easily manipulated. either to
regulate the distance from the heat, or
to swing the kettle on or off the fire
Il crude crane. Sugar was made by
boiling down the thin syrup until it be
came WaXy when dropped into the
SNOW: then it was ready to be poured
into the mOudS. The increasing de-
mand for maple sugar has brought with
it revolutionary methods.
one of the first changes was the
adoption of the augur hole and wooden
or metal spout in place of the old de-
aX-cut and open wooden
spout. At first the sap was generally
carried to the fire or sugar house in
buckets by hand or with a shoulder
yoke: but as the scale of operations
increased the gathering tank was intro
duced, and where the work is on Il
large scale, pipes are.often run through
the "buSh," as the grove is sometimes
called. connecting with the sugar house
or with the large storage tanks on the
roadside. while in one large Adiron-
dack sugar grove Il narrow-gauge rail-
way is used for collecting sap.
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
MAKING MAPLE SUGAR.
THE AMERICAN INDIANS THE
FIRST SUGAR PRODUCERS.
They Dropped Red Hot Stones Into
the Sap.-The Present Industry an
Important One.-Much Adultera-
fiOn.

ton.
From time unknown the Indians
tapped the sugar maple trees fol
sweets. They made diagonal cuts il
the trunk and drove reeds or pieces OF
concave bark into the lower ends tc
convey the liquid into n bark trough
or other receptacle. They boiled the
sap by dropping hot stones into it. In
some cases they allowed the liquid to
freeze. and by throwing out the ice
sufficient water was removed to allow
the syrup to crystallize.
For Il hundred years or more the con
ditions of producing maple sugar
changed but slightly over those prac-
ticed by the Indians, except that the
cooking vessels were made of iron or
copper in place of vessels of clay or
bopl-
The Breckenridge news., 1905-09-27
The Passing of the Kettle.

About the middle of the nineteenth
century there was change in the ac-
tual process of sugar making, through
the adoption Of an iron pan in place of
the old kettle. The earliest form of
evaporator was probably shallow pan
about 30 inches wide, inches deep,
and from 6 to 10 feet in length. This
was supported by a thin-walled fire-bOX
of stone or brick The greatest por-
tion of the under surface of this pan
being exposed to the heat of the fire,
caused more rapid evaporation, the use
of less fuel and Il quality of syrup and
sugar far better than by the kettle
method. The manufacture Of this new
style of pan led to the erection of build
ings for their shelter. Then followed
form of pan with partitions to cause
an alternating flow, this Improvement
allowing the sap to enter at one end of
the evaporator ana to flow from side to
side through succeeding compartments,
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13
IENNINGS BOGR1 nEnBERs.

A correspondent requests us to give
the names of the members of the Board
Of Trustees of the Internal Improve
mcnt Fund when the needless sale of
large tracts Of the most valuable State
land in Florida in Taylor Lafayette and
jefferson counties--was made to tur-
pentine operators and spectators. The
names are as follows:
w. S. jennings. Governor;
A. c. Groom, Comptroller;
J. B. Whitfield, Treasurer;
w. b. Lamar. Attorney General;
b. L. McLin, Commissioner of Agri-
culture.
Wash Z it jennings board, all right?
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13
Sick Headache Cured.

Sick headache is caused by derange-
ment Of the stomach, and by indigestion.
Chamberlain Stomach and Liver Tab
let's correct these disorders and effect a
cure. BY taking these tablets a. soon
as the first indication Of the disease
appears, the attack may be warded Oft.
For sale 10y all druggists.
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

Now is the time for fraternal and as
sessment life insurance associations 70
get in some good work.
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

What a spectacle j. Temple Graves
would make rafting around in Senator
Bacon's place!
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

The Pre- ,bS terrain College Of Florida
was successfully opened last week at
Eustis, under the auspices Of the South
Florida Presbytery.
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

Have yoI h, ard Of any professional
nurse Or physi, ian volunteering to go to
Pensacola and relieve those Overworked
and almost exhausted nurses and doc
tora
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13
Fine Horses.

Mr., J. D. Cay has just gotten in fine
lot Of stock. See him before you pur-
chase,
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

Aren't you glad you are not New
York life insurance official?
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

The Massachusetts State Democratic
convention last week nominated Gen.
Chas. W. Bartlett for governor, and
complimented Roosevelt for bringing
about peace in the Far East.
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

Gainesville's marshal captured a
"blind tiger" proprietor the other day,
and Gainesville's mayor imposed fine
of $500 In the case. Why cant ITALIA
hassee squelch a few Of the law
break ers2
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

The True Democrat purposes tn work
''in season and out Of season, " for the
best interest of the public along all
lines and on every public ISSUE but
knockers" and "kickcrs" who may
urge us to take up their private grew
ances must remember that we do not
propose TO attack any and everybody,
Just because they wish TO have US do
10 for their individual benefit. II they
know Of wrong doing on the part OF
any public officer, let them do as we do,
make their attack over their own sig
natures. Our columns are open to the
whole public, conditioned only that mat.
ter for publication must be suitable in
language, and accompanied by names OF
the writers,
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

The mysterious disappearance last
week Of ex-Clerk |. j. Mccall. Of Ham
ilton county, complexities the matter Of
the recent investigation Of his accounts,
in which, according to the report Of the
State Auditor. he was shown 10 be short
some 81, 800, He had in his possession
when last seen about 81 200 in money,
His family have offered reward Of
500 for information concerning him,
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

At meeting Of the Board of Control
in Jacksonville last week plans for the
University buildings at Gainesville
were accepted, and the work Of con-
struction will begin In December. The
architects whose plans were chosen
were Edwards & Walter, Of Columbia,
s. G.
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

When an honest man is unjustly
charged with wrong doing he becomes
naturally indignant at the injury to his
good name, and Immediately denies the
charge, and seeks, by producing evil
dence Of its falsity, to clear his good
name and reputation from the damag-
ing imputation. Otherwise, when those
who are guilty, and know it, are &C
cused. They maintain a discreet but
significant silence that can almost be
felt-it is so profound. They dare not
deny; they are afraid of the proof.
They pretend to ignore their accusers
and the accusations; but, in the esti-
nation Of all righteous people, they
thus in effect admit the truth Of every
thing that has been said Of their &C.
tons.
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

Hon. Arthur T. Williams is known as
one of the cleanest men in business or
political life in Florida. But, reading
last weeks Tallahassee True Democrat,
one would not think so. Lake City In
deX.
We have always believed what is said
above Of Mr.. Williams, and in discussing
his connection with the land grab de-
scribed in these columns we said nothing
which could be regarded as an intima-
ton of wrong doing on his part. He is
said to have performed extensive and
valuable services to the fund.- in nego-
tiating the sale, for which the fund" did
not pay him a cent, 80 far as the record
shows; but, on the contrary, the board re-
quired the purchaser to compensate him,
which it seems he did, though to what
extent, save as disclosed by subsequent
events, does not appear.
The weekly true Democrat. (Tallahassee, Fla.) 1905-1912, 1905-10-13

Have you received a copy Of the Gov.
ernor's Message yet. It IL neatly bound
in boards and every Florida printer
should secure a copy It would also be
worth your while TO file and keep copies
Of each department reports as refer
ence books. They will come in good
some day.