The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-05-22

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allow the cutting OF the water when the dan
will be ready. After the closing OF the valley
| By the dam tho cut OF the locks would be ir
It's turn closed by appropriate steel gates ano
the construction Of the lock prosecuted.
One year and one-haf would then be amply
sufficient to finish the locks. the foundations
OF which and the low masonry OF which would
have been prepared In the hrst year and one.
half.
The Bohio point would be tho only one which
requires a certain strain for the execution
| within four years, because the exception
OF the dam requires. during one year, the
occupation by the river Of the space OF locks,
but even interrupted within this year the
lock construction can easily become reality.
II must be remarked that the Bohio Lake
should have maximum altitude Of 90 feet.
but that It's level should be allowed to oscil-
late between so feet and 90 feet for the pur-
Dose Of the control Of floods.
| ] said that no engineer would be scared
By the under ground seepage of water that
| might take place through the sand which
! 10 found In places. Such q seepage would
amount TO q very small loss Of water. owing
| to the very low head go feet) forcing the
| filtration through the sand and to the long
| distance 800 to 5000 feet) which 1t would
| have to pass below the impervious mass OF
| the dam itself. q distance which most probably
! 10 several miles greater II we think that the
pervious strata communicate with the water
! only several miles above the dam. and not
| at the beginning Of the DAM
Mr., Morrison, the eminent member Of the
Isthnian Canal Commission. calculated that
| under the most unfavorable circumstances
the filtration would not exceed with head
| OF 90 feet) the Insignificant amount Of 40
cubic feet per second tone-fifth Of the quantity
OF water which will be lost by eyaporation).
But the insi eni hcant velocity Of the water
under ground being limited to 80 yards per
day, this seepage itself can. II desirable DO
easily and completely stopped by various
methods. even after the construction OF the
dam, even with bedrock at rs feet below
sea level or more. There Is more than one
method available:
a. Injection under pressure OF cement
mixed with water tsrouting) into the per-
meable sand. This should be done before
raising the level OF the water before or dur
ing the construction of the dam
a., Construction Of a series Of wells. IN con-
tact with each other. which viii be driven
to the bedrock by dredging inside and after
ward filled with concrete.
49, Construction Of a series Of wells by
freezing the ground below, as it Is usually and
commonly made in mines to drive wells TO
much greater depth than ITS feet through
water bearing strata.
uJ Iron sheet pilng driven by water across
the valley.
The last three methods may be perfectly
used after the constru otion Ct the dam: the
through the dam itself, down 70 the natural
ground first and down to the bedrock after
stopped In ana a hs o owe EPsy nj
closed after or before the construe ton oil the
But most probably the filtration will prove
to be 30 insignificant that these supplemental
precautions AGAINST loss Of water VIII prove
completely unnecessary after the construction
s 4 deviation on the left hand side of the
Chagres at o distance OF about four niles
eompletion and enlareins, Of the existins
Gatun deviation. These deviatons have 10
the s Mer s Sas sde Of Af the cans
he srssT par 6slo% sqhio IS vel! e the
deviations is of no consequence and can also
be finished In two or three years.
The Ga50a dab an four 5he You'd ID
s se ehasPes xats5 e 10 above seq ieye Of
to uo form a lake which would allow for Jhe stor-
sSnt,o Of the a Sre "a e9ds Of the ohasTes
to erect dam The crest of which viii be ZOO feet
above sea level II is not necessary that the
dam should answer In its totally the second
purpose just at the begirn ming OF the o'eration
r. ,1ans 81 i've o. o0sH mon wch vii
pass during the first wears OF operation. ,an,n
on account OF the rarity Of great foods. which,
their brevity (fortv-eight hours. and also be-
cause the Bohio Lake Will take charge of
> 'Withou soire, into the details of a project.
storage rage viii &C. ample il the dam on the day
D1 s pieVe Of ise that is 10 say i The lake
" The he. cocnstruction within four years Of
height across the Chaeres Valley al, Gam boa
s1en T. 81 as g. II 6s
dam are such as TO allow its further rrosecu-
ton, to its de'intlve height Of 200 feet above
The four kinds Of auxiliary works above
mentioned are strictly separate ard inde-
pendent, Each one will be a center ofactyity
which by no means can Interfere with tho
execution of the other
Under such a plan lsq,R no obstacle can be log
tematio program Of execution.
The quantity of purely lsthmian operation
is reduced to it's inferior limit and there fore
down to the lowest amount. 4 force Of
IS 600 men actually at work would be ample
to bring about the desired result. an amount
which can be recruited in Jamaica without
great difficulties II the wa ges are high enough
to attract the laborers
H.-Capacity Five Times tho Present
Traflc or Suez.
The power of transit would be 81. 900 900
tons, or, In other words. the capacity to carry
a trade FIVE times greater than the one reached
after thirty years OF operation by the Suez
Canal
II may be stated that II we compare two
plans OF lock canals differing only by the
number OF locks, their size and lift remain
ing equal, the consumption Of water in both
cases will remain Identical.
II is obvious that the quantity Of water
lost by the summit level when a ship Is ascend
ing from the sea into It is only the quantity
OF water necessary to lift the ship in tn. last
lock- in the lock adjoining the summit level
There Is no other expense of water. because
the quantity expended in the las lock is sue
cessvely dropped into each Of the preceding
locks and each time serves to lift one shin
the height Of one lock. II there are locks
between sea and summit levels the same
mass Of water will lift n different ships the
height OF one lock.
From the point OF view of consumption 1t
amounts city to the same thing. III given
mass OF water will raise n ship times the
height OF one lock, that is TO say. from the
sea TO the summit level, or II ii will lift n
different ships the height of one lock- as we
have seen, Is the material fact.
1t ma v be said, therefore, that with given
section and lift OF the locks the number of
locks does not influence the consumption Of
water.
1t may be further suited that II We COM
which have the same section. but are OF diff
ferent lift, the consumption OF water for
iocka ccs In each plan will be in inverse ratio
IN bo n n ,,lnn This need q in o,,-