davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
shaplno and Headino Trees.

Ideas and traditions with respect to
methods of cultivation and manage
ment, as well as varieties, were for
merly brought from the eastern states.
where conditions are very different
from our own. The Horticultural So
ciety began agitating the question of
adapting methods of shaping fruit
trees and OF pruning to Our own local
conditions. Members of the society
began experimenting along this line
and reporting their results at the
meetings. Early copies of the reports
OF this body show that for series OF
years attention was fastened largely
upon the question of adopting low
heads and dense branching system
for their fruit trees. As a result a
new system of shaping the tree. better
adapted to our conditions, has been
developed. In the eastern states. with
a maritime climate, trees were given
high heads, so the ground under the
trees would warm up and so grasses.
or other crops, could be harvested
under their branches: the trees were
given open tops. and were freely
pruned. so as to admit sunlight and
air to ripen and to color up the fruit.
As opposed to this we have gradually
adopted in the west. where our sun
light is intense. low heads. to shade
the trunk of the tree and the ground
under it; we have adopted straight.
central trunk. with dense lateral limbs
as a protection to the tree and its
fruit. Earlier fruiting and closer
planting have been adopted as better
suited to our conditions.-Prof J. c.
Whitten.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
|IIVE1|
STOCK
Foundation Of the Export steer.

Foundation of the Export Steer.
In the first place, it must be re-
membered that to produce carcass of
beef of the best quality. a steer must
possess large proportion of the blood
of some recognized beef breed. Steers
possessing considerable dairy blood
may give rapid and economical gains.
but the carcass of beef from such a
steer does not carry SO large a pro-
portion of valuable meat as that of the
strictly beef animal This point has
been demonstrated in many expert
ments. The dairy-bred steer has
tendency to form large amount of
fat that is not edible, whereas those
portions OF the body which carry the
most valuable meat are poorly devel-
oped and lacking in covering of flesh.
While 1t is impossible to say exact
ly how the animal will feed simply
from inspecting it, at the same time.
there are certain features which are
peculiar to the animal which will
make rapid and economical gain in
weight, and which possesses the con-
stitution to stand heavy feeding.
good type of steer should possess
deep body. broad back, short neck.
moderately fine bone, thick. fine coat
OF hair, and somewhat thick but mel
low skin, which moves freely under
the hand over the underlying tissues.
When the hand is laid fat upon the
ribs of the animal and pressed against
them. a mellowness and elasticity
should be noticeable. which indicate
ready fattener and a good quality Of
flesh. The animal which has a thin.
wiry coat of hair. and which feels hard
and unyielding when the hand is laid
on the rib. is seldom quick feeGsr.
and does not possess the thickness of
flesh which is desirable in beef ami
NAL. OF course, we do not expect that
thin steer will handle like a fat
steer. but. in handling a thick-fleshed
animal, that mellowness of handling.
previously mentioned, is noticeable.
though the animal may be compara-
lively thin.
1t is desirable to have good depth
and thickness at the heart in order to
indicate constitution; but there should
be proportionate development towards
the rear of the animal where the meat
is more valuable. Viewed from the
side, the steer should present a we'll
balanced appearance, that is to say,
he should not show an undue develop
ment of forequarter in proportion to
hindquarter. because the forequarier
is of less value than the hindquartsr.
Beware of the steer with extremely
heavy shoulders. and coarse, "oxy-
looking" head and horns. A full.
bright eye and wide muzzle are also
indications of breeding qualities
Prof. G. E. Day.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Sixteen Things In Good Butter.


Some thinker has declared that six
teen ounces in weight is not all there
is in pound of butter. He enumer
ates sixteen other things needed as
follows: "a An ounce of wisdom In
selecting materials; (2) an ounce OF
precaution In the preparation of the
utensils: (3) an ounce of concentra'
tion, by which the whole mind shall be
put on the work in hand; (D an
ounce of cleanliness, which needs tc
De exercised in the whole process oil
buttermaking: (5) an ounce of deter
mination. which will help to overcome
all difficulties; (6) an ounce of pre-
Vention. by which all deleterious con-
ditions Will be prevented from inter
fering with the process of buttermak-
ing; 10 an ounce of care. which Is
needed at every stage; (S) an ounce
OF iorethought regarding the market
ana Its demands, which vary as to
coioring. sailing and flavor; (9) an
ounce OF discrimination, which is need
ed In choosing salt. color and pack
ages; uO an ounce of accuracy.
which means the use of the scales to
determine weights; Q1) an ounce of
Judgment regarding the temperature
at which to churn; G2) an ounce OF
common sense. which leads the churn-
err to stop the process when the but
ter Is in the granular form; Q3) an
ounce OF patience in using the ther-
mometer. in draining the wash water
from the butter and in giving the salt
time to dissolve: u4) an ounce Of ex-
perience. which alone can tell when
the working of the butter should stop
and thus prevent greasiness; u5) an
ounce of neatness. which applies to
both person and product, and also ap-
plies to the printing and wrapping of
the butter; Q6) an ounce of honor.
which keeps the butter up to standard.
both in quality and weight
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
A Noisy Eqq.


Timothy Varney, a Minnesota hen
raiser. has been greatly troubled, as
have most people who keep hens. by
the persistent desire manifested by
the fowls to sit, in season and out
on eggs. stones. or door knobs. or
anything else that comes handy. says
Western exchange. But he has a
plan now which he has quietly tried
this season with perfect success and
which he warrants will cure the worst
cluck that ever vexed the heart Of
man OF all desire to sit.
Inc cure consists of a cheap watch.
with loud. clear tick to 1t, enclosed
IN a case that is white and shaped
IKE an egg. When the hen mani
tests a desire to sit out of season he
gently places this bogus egg under
her sheltering breast and the egg
uoes the rest. 1t ticks cheerfully
away and soon the hen begins to
show signs OF uneasiness and stirs
the noisy egg around with her bill.
thinking perhaps that is is already
time for 1t to hatch and there is a
chick in it wanting to get out. She
grows more and more nervous as
The noise keeps up and soon jumps
ON the nest and runs around awhile
20 cool OFF. but returns again to
her self-imposed duty. 1t gets worse
and worse with her and she wriggles
about and cackles. ruffies her feathers
and looks wild, until at last with a
tfrenzied squak she abandons the nest
sor good and all.
!, MIR. Varney finds use for half q
iozen OF these noisy eggs and claims
mat they pay for their cost over
md over during the year by Eeeping
he hens at the business of laying and
not permitting them to waste the
golden hours in useless incubating.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Jersey Island Economies.

Only one kind of cattle is kept on
the Island of Jersey. and that kline is
OF course the cow that has made the
island famous. The cows are pastured.
but are not allowed to run at will.
They are tied in rows. and the whole
row of cows is moved forward at once.
The land must be carefully handled
and highly fertilized to permit it to
carry two cows to the acre. as it is
said to do. 1t should be remembered,
however, that the cows are somewhat
smaller than the Jersey cows IN this
country, as there has been a decided
increase in size of the need since
coming to the United States.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Supply Of Army Horses.

An English army officer. Major
Moore. in the course of a lecture on
the supply of horses for military pur-
poses, at the Royal United 'rvice In
stitution. estimated the equi e popu-
lation of the world at about 81 900 1000.
half of which belong to Euroae and
the major portion of the remair der to
America. Russia, he said, waA the
greatest horse country, possessing
23,000.000 animals, which made her
Independent OIL outside sources. In
no country was greater attention gir-
en- to breeding, and exporting was
closely guarded. 1t was curious, he
said. how little was heard of the work
of horses in the Far Eastern war, con-
sidering Russia's enormous supplies.
1t was not stated where Japan, who
is short of remounts. got her horses.
but she had made great efforts to re-
pair her deficiencies with stud farms
and prizes to breeders. The best field
of supply in the world was America,
and in most countries government aid
was given or breeding farms were
maintained. The British Empire was
lacking in numbers. although the
United Kingdom possessed the best
types in the world. The Colonies
were deficient in numbers and quality,
and close attention was needed for
the subject, in order to have adequate
supplies in time of war from our pos
sessions as first line. The plan of
Continental studs was supported by
many, but the British farmer could
give points to the Continent In the
matter of breeding.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
AGRICULTURE
- sss ~ ssR4ANN-|
IIfaNla3S;S,> III .NssTss:a|
tss.llIalYnlnil z =, =: S:'~--~1s.
All Plants Change.


One of the great truths that Is be.
ing brought out at the present time
is that all plants change their char
acter according to the conditions that
surround them. We are but Just awak-
ing to the magnitude of this POSSIBLE
NY OF change. From the largest plant
mat we know to the smallest that we
10 not yet know all are subject to
most radical changes. This fact was
emphasized by Professor Moore OF
washington n an address recently de-
uVered. He told of the experiments
with bacteria that cause the nodules
on the roots of leguminous plants and
said that it had been fully proved
that such bacteria change their char
acter very quickly. Alfalfa seed may
De planted in field in which clover
is growing. and for some time the
bacteria there. even though they be
from the clovers. will not be able to
affect the roots sufficiently to produce
the nodules.
But in the course of few years the
bacteria in that soil will adapt them
selves to the new plant that has come
among them and will ultimately inoc-
ulate the soil with the desired species.
He expresses the belief that there is
but one kind of bacteria but that all
varieties are from the one kind. He
says the mistake has been in not
planting the desired legume on the
same soil year after year. II red
clover does not do well on a certain
soil 1t should be repeatedly planted
there so that the ground may ulti-
mately become infested with the min
ute germs that are so helpful to the
plants.
This is in accord with the testimony
of some of the oldest" inhabitants.
They speak of certain localities in
which red clover would not grow when
the land was new, where now 1t is
very easy to get catch. 1t is pre-
sumed that the bacteria on the roots
of some wild plant. perhaps the wood
vetch. developed character enabling
it to become parasitic on the red
clover. II red clover grows weakly on
one plot one year, do not change 1t to
another field the next year. but keep
1t in the same place for some years,
at the same time treating part of the
field at least to dressing of manure
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Iestinu Seed Corn.

/ never feel satisfied to pant seed
corn without testing 1t. One year in
the press of the work this was post
poned from time to time until it was
too late. Part of the seed was saved
from field that had fully dried before
frost, and part from a field that was
largely green when frosted. | thought
however, that what l saved was so SOL
i'd that 1t would be all right That
from the first field seemed to send up
a strong stalk for every grain planted.
but that from the second field gave lit
tie more than half a stand, and that
did not grow of rightly.
For this year have seed saved last
fall from the field. more thai thought
| should need, but afterward found
that l would have more ground and
saved from the crib and shock at
shredding time. l shall test samples
from the whole, but from the different
lots separately. | take two or three
grains from different parts of the ear
Take 100. 200 or more grams, accord
ing to size of lot to be tested. Put
them in shallow vessels, covering
lightly and evenly SO that all shall re-
ceive uniform amount of warmth
Keep dirt moist. This is best done by
covering with glass. Set 1t near a
stove. but not where 1t will be too
warm.
When the first sprouts appear, turn
the whole out and count the grains
and make an estimate of the percent
age that las terminated. Some others
may start later, but should be afraid
that they would make weak growth.
II much less than 80 per cent have
germinatec, I should not like to plant
it If could do better. Testing the seed
is little trouble, as one may save the
grains when shelling the corn, which
should be done before the first OF
March to be sure that the good wife
will not have to nelp do it at planting
time.
Then the testing may save a lot OF
work in replantinS when the farmer
ought to be stirring his ground and
save many dollars loss from delayed
cultivation, weak and irregular growth
barren stalks and nu5bins and frost
ed, chaffy corn in the fall. No farm.
er can afford to take the risk. c.,
Howard County. Indiana.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
The Only Safeguard Against Tubereu.
IosiS.

tuberculosis is a low-level disease.
People are not subject to 1t until their
bodies have become weakened and
their whole constitution undermined.
1t used to be thought that one could
not have tuberculosis II only he ex-
ercised his lungs. A man who had
this disease went to professor in
Vienna for advice. The professor
said, You had better get horn and
learn to play it, to exercise your
lungs" Alas. professor" answered
the man, 81 am a band master now"
To live a natural life is the only
safeguard against tuberculosis. One
climate may do as well as another If
only you live out of doors, get plenty
of cold. fresh air, battle the body with
cold water daily. eat simple, nutri-
tious food and take as much exercise
as possible without exhausting the
body.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
New Butter Making Scheme.

New butter making schemes are
continually coming to the surface. and
each one in its turn claims to be the
best and to be decided Improvement
on all the schemes that have been
previously tried. 1t Is necessary to
get the public into this frame of
mind. else the men behind the scheme
will never be able to induce anyone
to let go of good money for the sake
of trying it. One of the latest proc
esses is to draw off the milk through
blotting paper supported on towels. the
butter-fat being left. This is then in
such hard state that it can be
worked as butter. so the report says.
OF course the milk has to be manip-
ulated while 1t is fresh. But what
gain there is from any such process
1t is hard to imagine. The discoverer
says that less labor is entailed in the
separation. but that is matter
of small moment. There are churns
in which, 1t is claimed, the
work of separating can be done in five
minutes or less. Well. what of 1t,
Twenty minutes is the usual time of
churning. and even If the cream could
be churned in less than that time the
gain would not be of Importance. BY
the way, almost any old churn will
bring the butter in from two to five
minutes, If the temperature is up to
about eighty degrees and the cream
is in fairly good condition. The writer
of this once got butter in two min
utes in an ordinary dash churn; but
the temperature was too high to give
the best quality of butter. Let the
new butter making schemes alone.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
HORTICULTURE
FVSsN NY9MIF
Fertility and Fruit Growing.

\ dTu FFuit STOWlHSs
{ At meeting of horticulturists. Pro-
fessor John Craig. OF Cornell Uniyersi-
ty. said:
Every modern system of cultivat-
ing fruits recognizes as first prin-
ciple' the right of the fruit tree to be
considered specific and sufficient
crop under the soil. or at least to be
regarded as crop quite as exhaust
ing Ia character as any grown by the
farmer. Unless the fruit grower real
ICES and puts into practice the essen
tiaI part of this principle he will fall
as cultivator of fruits. Experiments
In orcharding conducted some years
ago at the Cornell Experiment Station
proved conclusiveiy that 1t cost the
soil more to produce twenty average
crops of apples than twenty average
crops of wheat. In other words, more
fertility was extracted from the land
in growing an acre of bearing apples
for twenty years than In growing
twenty consecutive crops OF wheat. AS
a rule, the farmer recognizes the food
needs of the wheat plant, but too often
does he look upon the apple or fruit
tree as a mere tenant OF the soil. and
one which is not to be regarded as a
specific crop. Having recognized the
principle. the particular method of or
charding must be worked out by the
fruit grower himself. This method will
depend upon soil conditions and cli'
mate. Nevertheless. 1t is safe to say
that in eight cases out Of ten that
method which employs clean tillage
for at least part of the season will be
most successful. iI is also safe to say
that all secondary crops in orchards
are Injurious"
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Stomach.


The majority Of people never stop
to think that the stomach is anything
more than receptacle for things that
have been chewed. They get hold of
something that tastes good and swal-
low it into the stomach to get 1t out
of the way, SO there will be room for
something more. That might be all
right If the stomach were a garbage
box that could be carried of and
emptied; but nature intends the stom-
ach for another purpose. We are
constructed of what we eat. We should
stop to think of that. We should be
careful what we swallow. for 1t be-
comes brain. heart. limbs. blood; and
il we are to have good blood. clear
brains, sound minds. sturdy legs and
strong arms, we must eat food that
is capable of making that sort of tis-
sue.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Licensing suttermakers and Cheese.
makera

There Is an agitation In some of the
states to license the factory butter
makers and cheesemakers. The OBJ
ject of this is to get letter class
OF manufacturers of dairy products.
Factories cannot be inspected without
money and money cannot be obtained
from most legislatures in sufficient
quantities to make the work of inspec-
tion effective. This is a problem that
is not new. The government OF the
United States long ago adopted the
principle of taxing everything that
had to be inspected SO that 1t would
pay for the governmental work put
upon it. The placing of license on
the makers of butter and cheese in
the factory would yield some revenue.
which would go far towards doing the
very work that needs to be done.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Egyptian Butter,

The Egyptians are taking up dairy.
ing and considerable quantities of but
ter are now being produced by them
The best butter is sold in packages
of paper. while the cooking butter is
sold in tins. The country is. however
using more than it makes. and last
year showed an increase of about so
per cent in importations over ten
wears ago. 1t is not likely that Egypt
will ever become large exporter O,
,utter; but the home market is good.
account of the large demand b,
foreign visitors and of the fleets pass.
ing through the Suez canal.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Fattenins Sale Chickens.

- much is fat worth on chickens
or 'ther fowls in the market that
sone men are making business buy
ing fowls as the farmers send them to
market and fattening them. The ex-
pert fattener figures that If he can
make only ten cents a bird in the
process there is much money in 1t for
him. as he can buy any number Of
half-fat fowls. In fact. his operations
are limited only by the amount of cap
ital he can invest. The fattening busi-
ness is method Of turning over"
money rapidly.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Lack Of Exercise,

Lack OF exercise among hens is one
:of the greatest causes of the lack of
egg production in winter. When a
hen stops exercising she begins to get
fat. and the increase of fat means
decrease of eggproducing power. at
least beyond certain limit of fat
formation. We know OF hens that
have this winter been fed in an almost
ideal manner. yet have produced no
eggs to speak of. The best plan that
can. be followed is to make the fowls
exercise by giving part of their food
in chaff or cut hay. which will induce
exercise.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Apple Score Gard.
Freedom from blemishes

Exhibitor may be required. to give
an affidavit. II. in the judgment of the
judges the fruit is not grown by him
or II a protest Is made.
Inferior specimens should under no
conditions be awarded a premium.
Exhibitors should be allowed to cor
rect the names OF their specimens I'D
TO the time OF judging. and. II possible
the Judge or judges should be present
to aid the exhibitor in this work. The
judges should throw out all specimens
not true to name.
Every association offering premiums
should be required to furnish a com
petent Judge or judges.
This card was devised by a COM
mittee consisting of L. p. Sandsten,
A. ]. Phillips and p. ]. Coe
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Strawberries on Low Land.

Some farmers find it difficult to To-
cate strawberry bed except on low
land and therefore do not locate 1t at
all. Such land is good. provided 1t Is
well drained. but very often it is not
well drained by natural means. Straw
berries like moisture, provided 1t is
only properly proportioned with air
and soil. and on low place the sup
ply of water in a dry time is likely to
be better than OF a high place.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
On a Small Scale.

When going into the chicken busi.
ness or any branch Of it, go in on a
small scale at first. 1t is as easy too
lose money in the raising OF chickens
as in anything else. Those that rashly
venture into the business generally
repent before they have gone far.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
af''.-ar-'s--~r-3
s FOR HEALTHY AND LONG LIFE
Simple Rules. of ncubIe
s Capacity Work andP 3

consumption are very rare. The real
reason why SO many in a family suf-
fer from tuberculosis is to be found
elsewhere than in heredity.
The afflicted member does not know
the necessity for personal cleanliness,
for religiously collecting and burning
all matter spit up. The use of the
ordinary pocket handkerchief and the
washing of 1t in the family laundry
is constant source of danger. Rice
paper handkerchiefs or old linen
should be used and then burned.
The person himself is almost harm
less. 1t is only the lack of care in
scattering the genus that makes him
dangerous companion. These bad
practices are usually due to ignorance.
1t is not necessary to isolate the pa
tient for the protection of the family.
Each person not affected should
breathe fresh air, exercise out of
doors. eat simple food, bathe daily
and sleep eight hours each night.
This will increase the body's vital
power and resist the deadly genus
which may be breathed in. The rest
of the family being thus fortified. the
patient should cooperate in the pro-
lection.
Let him study to prevent the germs
from being scattered broadcast
through the house. Then let all CO
operate in the fresh air cure Of the
patient. and he may live in peace and
pleasure. gradually fighting his way
back to health. and in no way dan
gerous to his friends.
When every consumptive intelli-
gently co-operates with the family
and physician, the day of inherited
consumption" will be passed.
The Lamar register., 1905-03-15
Conserving Feed and Opportunity.

In Denmark everything is used tn
the best of advantage. and the grass
in the pastures is carefully fed our
Systematically by lettering the cows
in the fields. The tramping up of the
pasture during a wet time is not nor.
mitteG. Only in this way is it pos.
sible for this little country to get so
much from the land that she can sun
ply her own needs and ship to otbe,
countries millions of dollars worth
of butter, cheese, eggs and bacon
yearly.