davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
History of lynch Law.

Professor Cutler, formerly of Yale university, now of Wellesley college, has written a volume on the history and quality of lynch law. The volume is published by Longmans, Green & Co MT. Cutler shows that lynch law is a practice peculiar to the United States-our national crime, so to ] speak. No parallel can be found in Europe, save in the rural districts of l Russia, where horse thieves are some times tortured to death. The practice ol lynching exists nowhere else in Europe, or for that matter in the rest of the world
 ihe term lynch law when first used in this country implied the infiiction of any punishment for crime without tne intervention of judge and jury. It is now confined to the death pen al y when applied without proof or conviction. The practice was begun with 1logging or ducking, or tarring and feathering, or riding on a rail, with warning to quit the neighbor- hood. It has progressed until it now involves the death penalty only, which may be by burning or other torture. It can scarcely go much fur ther.
 l Mir Cutler examined carefully the evidence relating to the name. It was originally called Lynch's law from one Charles Lynch of Bedford county, Virginia, who set up a court in the last years of the eighteenth century, in which he dispensed justice wholly outside of the laws of the land. He sentenced no one to death, however, and yet the verb ito lynch" now means to inflict death by mob. MT. Cutler traces the course of lynch law from the time of the revo- lutIo1- down to the days of the civil war. All frontiers and all periods of excitement indalged in it. He makes no effort to charge the south with an undue allowance of it, although he does discuss the introduction of a new racial factor in the south. He traces mt ch of the lynching in the south to the Ku Klux Kan. He shows that no particular crime has nucn to do wi; lynchings. The better sentiment of the south has turned against the practice, and the present year will snow a marked decrease in the num- Der of lynchings in this section of the country.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
Russia's Population.

Japan has, all included, about fifty millions of people, but her opponent has, according to recent census, 125,- 640.021 inhabitants. The Russians are about two-thirds of the population of millions Poles, about five millions Jews and four millions of Kergeeses. One-third of the vast population con sists of other races, speaking other languages.
 Only one-quarter of the Russians can read and write. About two-thirds of the population are members of the ort Aodox or official church. There are eleven million Catholics, fourteen mil lion Mohammedans, and nearly four million Protestants.
 The population is made up of the following classes in about the follow ing proportions: Peasants, 96,916,- GA; burghers. 13,5s6.392; hereditary noblemen, 1,220,169; personal noble men and officials, 630,119; ecclesias- tics, 5SS,497; hereditary and personal honor citizens. S42.927; merchants, 2S1,179, and foreigners, 605,500.
 In some of the districts there are scarcely any Russians. In the gov ernments on the Vistula. in Poland, U Russians are only about per cent of the population, and in the central Asian provinces there are few Russians. The vast empire is, how ever, pretty well knit together, and they are kept together by keeping the masses in a condition of ignorance, want and non-progress. The con spiracy of tho classes against the masses is of long standing, but 1t is a long lane that has no turn.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05

versity professors-a body standing high socially, intellectually and com mercially There was not an an- arehist or eut-and-out radical among the delegates. All accounts agree that it was a fine body of representative Russians.
 This body openly resolved that Rus sia should have constitutional govern ment under which all adult male Rus sians should have a vote in the selec- tion of an independent parliament. The Moscow congress distinctly said that universal suffrage in Russia would alone satisfy the people, who have advanced wonderfully of late in the study of government.
 When aristocratic bodies like the Moscow congress ask for manhood suffrage. a great change in Russia cannot be far off. The Moscow zemstvoists proposed no compromise. They say there s no room for com promise. Russia should be, so they said, either an autocracy, or else ccuntry like England, governed by the people through ancient forms Said a member of the Moscow con- gress: Have We crossed the Rubi- ccn Yes, but the question which ncw arises is whether the govern ment troops have not forded it in pursuit of us."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
IN HOTEL HOBBIES
Major Scott Talks Politics.

Major Dave" NJ Scott of Selma. quartermaster general on General Louis V. Clarke's staff and a newly appointed lieutena at colonel, Alabama division Con- federateI veterans. said last night at the Morris Chat so far as he could see Dr. R. M. Cunningham had the call for the office of governor and that Henry B. Gray would be elected lieutenant gover= nor.
 "I am not what you might call a strong Cunningham man." said Major Scott. He is not exactly my ideal can didate for governor. didn't exactly like that letter he wrote at the eleventh hour about the railway rate question. But Tn spite of all that. I know from my travels In the state that Cunningham's fences are up everywhere. and that he has made them exceedingly strcng Politically he IS about the most popular man in the state today.
 Personally, l would rather see Joseph F. Johnston governor than any other man although I opposed him when he ran for United States senator against Senator Morgan. MT. Conner is a strong man. but he is too much of an extremist. He will find. if he runs for governor that R. M Cunningham Is a very differ ent man from John V. Smith.
 For lieutenant governor l am for Henry E. Gray, first. last and all the time 1 am now and have been for a number or years d strong Gray man. He has hosts of friends in all sections of the state and l. SOmn persons say we should not take both can- didates from Jefferson county Well, both our United States senators come from the good county of Dallas and the city of Selma don't they? Brains and popularity will break geography every trip in politics."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
R.forp, in New Orleans.

New Orleans said Crescent City man last night "has just had police investigation that knocks the Lexow and the Mazet investigations in New York 8 few years ago, out of sight and almost out of memory. The upshot of it all IS that Police Inspector Journee has been dismissed from the service and E. s. Whitaker, lawyer with a military repu- tation, has been elected to taao s...5 sss;;.1-.
 '''The investigation proved that some of the police were hand in glove in up holding the criminal elements in the city. and that inspectors, captains, corporals and patrolmen were systematically en- riching themselves by levying tribute upon persons living in the red light dis trict of the city It proved also that there has been operating for some time in New Orleans band of procurers whose records have shocked the. people of the city.
 T note that the newly elected inspector of police has started in by vigorously en- forcing the law against all lawbreakers and l predict that he will speedily eradi- cate the organized corruption, vice and crime that have so long disgraced New Orleans. The people there are in no mood to be trif1ed with on the subject"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
LETTERS TO EDITOR
For State Committeeman.

To the Editor of The Age-Herald:
 The interview of Hon. Henry B. Gray in your issue of Friday, June 2, with re- gard to the vacancy on the state com mittee caused by the death of Hon. James H. Meigs the selection of some one to fill such vacancy, and the relation these matters bear to the question of primary or convention, has just come to my notice
 MT. Gray says the people have a right to know the views of the one to be chos- en for this vacancy as to whether he will favor the primary or convention plan of nominating officers. I do not know who will be selected for this posi- tion. But being an aspirant for the place and agreeing thoroughly with the views expressed by MT. Gray in the interview mentioned-having no desire to play poli- tics with the people or the state commit tee-I take this method of declaring that l favor the primary plan of nominating officers, and if l should be honored by being chosen as a member of the state committee I will be governed according ly. (Signed)
 HUGH M. WHITE. Centre, June 9
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
PoLlTENESS BEING FORGOTTEN.

From the Kansas City Journal.
 In breaking down the barriers between the sexes the women are beginning to practice toward men the same impolite- ness that they formerly reserved for each other. Men no longer as rule give up their seats in street cars to women be- cause they have been taught by painful experience that the women as class no longer appreciate the courtesy. In doing so they are rarely rewarded with even glance and almost never with a word of thanks. The man who lifts his hat when he offers his seat is often frozen with stare which implies a doubt as to his sanity or his motives. The time may yet come when the man who lifts his hat to woman except upon a society dress parade will be regarded with contempt for his mental softness.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
Political Trend in Elmore.

F. l.. Mckenzie, prominent merchant o1 Tallassee and editor of the Tri-county Weekly of that town, was in Birmingham yesterday on his way to Oklahoma City to attend the National Editorial associa- tion's convention there. MT Mckenzie was hopeful that John Dymond, of New Orleans, would be elected president of the association for the ensuing year.
 In commenting on politics in Elmore county, Mir. Mckenzie said:
 ''There Is already considerable interest ir the approaching race for governor. So far as l can see or hear, the voters of Fillmore are, by a large majority, in favor of Dr. R. NJ. Cunningham's candidacy, though MT. Conner has some friends In the county.
 q was talking today with Major Dave Scott, of Dallas county, and he tells me that wherever he goes he finds that Cum ningham is in the lead for governor. and Henry B. Gray of Birmingham. has the call on second place.
 T do not know Mir. Gray" continued MT. Mckenzie. personally, but l know of him well, and l believe he would fill the office satisfactorily tt all the people. l think he can rely upon Elmore to give him a handsome majority in case he enters the race"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
Stock Market.

Henry Clews New York financial letter says:
 Some improvement could be noted in the financial situation during the week. An important contribution to this result was the extraordinary Japanese naval victory which promptly removed very decided element of doubt. Had the for tunes of war been less marked, or the result even question: ble, the effect upon the worlds financial markets would un- doubtedly have been detrimental. Togo's great victory, however, insures much earlier termination of the war. It is quite certain that the war cannot be car ried on by Russia without further im- portant loans. and 1t is equally certain that foreign bankers would be more dis posed to loan money for peace indem- nifty fund than for the purpose of contin-- uing the presen destructive and entirely hopeless struggle.
 The position of the stock market has been further improved by recent liquida- tion and the partial discounting of such unfavorabe conditions as really exist. The franchise tax decision seems to have been thoroughly discounted, inasmuch as several of the properties interested have already laid by sufficient funds to meet these demands. The fear of hostile rail- road legislation also seems to have spent its force for the present. Considerable selling occurred at one time owing to this apprehension, and 1t is now under stood that the railroad legislation which 1t is proposed to put into effect next fall or winter will not be as radical as feared, and that no serious attempt will be made to have the government fix the rate.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
FAl

By John Greenleaf Whittier. long for household voices gone.
 For vanished smiles I long, But God hath led my dear ones on,
 And He can do no wrong. I know not what the future hath
 Of marvel or surprise, Assured alone that life and death
 His mercy underlies. And if my heart and flesh are weak
 To bear an untried pain. The bruised reed He will not break.
 But strengthen and sustain. No offering of my own I have,
 Nor works my faith to prove; I can but give the gifts He gave,
 And plead His love for love. And so beside the Silent Sea
 1 wait the untitled oar; No harm from Him can come to me
 On ocean or on shore. I know not where His islands lift
 Their fronded palms in air; only know I cannot drift
 Beyond His love and care. O brothers! if my faith is vain,
 If hopes like these betray. Pray for me that my feet may gain
 The sure and safer way. And Thou O Lordl by whom are seen
 Thy creatures as they be, Forgive me If too close l lean
 My human heart on Thee!
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
Mosccw's Zemsky Congress.

After long discussion of the sui frage question the Moscow congress b5 vote of 127 yeas to nays said al adult male citizens of Russia should have vote It was reported that the congress was split in twain over the issue, but that statement was erroneous
 The congress was not in any sense an official body. It met without off. cial sanction. The body was made up of delegates from the various zemstvos in Russia. It was body made up of noblemen, land owners, bankers. merchants, lawyers and uni
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
SOME PARSIFAL STATISTICS.

From the New York Sun.
 One of the musicians in the orchestra that came back to New York with the Savage "Parsifar' company last week made some very interesting statistics as to the amount of Wagner's opera that had been handed out to the country by this troupe. He calculated that in the PA per formances the company had given there were 6I2 acts, which contained 900,064 bars of music. in which there were 45S6 bars to every performance. The opera was sung occupied by performances of "Parsifal' was 1s9 days, or S771z hours, or 52,64O min- utes. It is probable, moreover. that this application will be as much as the coun- tiy needs for some little time to come.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
REFLECTIONS OF A BACHELOR.
nm the New York Press.

From the New York Press.
 If girl is willing to get sunburned with a man she is terribly fond of him.
 No matter how many friends man has he can lose them all by doing favors for them.
 When a soldier tires of the calm of the battlefield he can get married and discharge the cooks.
 You can always make a woman have & good time by talking to her about her children. and a man about himseir.
 When a 1s0-pound woman loses half pound in weight because she is wearing lighter clothes she speaks of the days when she was so much stouter than she Is now
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05

up to the battle of the Straits of Corea He directed the battle from tAe bridgeA refusing to take advantage of the connind tower When the Mikasa. leading ths% column. had intercepted the flight of ths Russian fleet. the fight grew hot about the flagship.
 A six-inch shell struck a chartroom just under the bridge killing every man In it. The fragments flew about Togo's staff wounding four of them. Togo. after seeing that the wounded officers were attended to- went on using his glass
 There was aboard an old valet of the Admiral a feudal retainer of his. family This man when he heard that the ad- mirai was in a place of great danger. broke all Jap etiquette and rushed to the gansway leading to the bridge There he hesitated, but shell struck just then, woundling Imperial Prince Fushimi, who was aboard. The valet made rush and prostrated himself before the admiral. logging him. for the good of Japan, to go to the coming tower The admiral with d half amused seriousness" gave a kind refusal
 Just then the six-nch shell struck the chart-foom and scattered the staff A nsins splinter wounded the valet on both legs He was carried to the hospital, bowling protests. From his cot he im- plored the surgeons to carry the admiral away by force. Finally, the deck of ficers surrounded Togo and almost dragged him to the coming tower. Togo laughed indulgently as they locked him in.
 This frst-hand observer of the Japan- csc fleet in action made note of the per feet coolness which prevailed on board, the outcome of Togo's iron discipline From the admiral down they fought like clockwork, without excitement, without cheering Togo was bronze and blue statue. A shell killed whole gun crew in the secondary battery. The men at the next gun were spattered with the blood of their comrades yet they kept up their regular fire without the loss of a second
 Togo has been a sick man all through this war, so much so that his condition has been a matter of anxiety to the navy department. When Port Arthur fell and Russia had no sea power in the far east there was a breathing spell, during which the admiral was ordered home for rest and instructions. The peo- pie of Tokio planned a big reception in his honor Togo declined.
 HThe war is not over yet' he said. When we are through with the Rus sians you may honor me-if live" The Mikado. however, gave him an audience and decorated him. With the approach of the Baltic fleet he took command again. From that time the world lost sight of him. Never was a military se- cret so we'll kept as the whereabouts of the Japanese fleet during Rojestven- sky's voyage from Sumatra to Corea.
 In person Togo is little-even smaller than most Japanese-dried up, gray and bearded. His blood is noble. although not royal. and 1t shows in the rather long face and delieately prominent nose of the arstocratic Jap. He has three sons and daughter. The admiral and his family are all Christians.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
Fifth Avenue.

When the contract for paving Fifth avenue from Twentieth to Twenty seventh streets with bituminous maca- dam is completed this will be one of the prettiest thoroughfares in the south re- marked a large property owner yester- day.
 Fifth avenue is one of the few thoroughfares in the city that have no street car lines, and it Is naturally well adapted for use as fashionable drive way. l hope that the City Council will see fit to prevent heavy traffic Of any kind along Fifth and Highland avenues when the paving of these thoroughfares is completed.
 Fifth avenue is shaded by large elms and water oaks planted when Birming- ham was in it's swaddling clothes Tn some places the limbs of the large trees along both sides of the avenues nearly meet. thereby form a beautiful arch Many new residences are building
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
M. L. WHITE HURT.
Birmingham Man Steps Off Train at
 Cook Springs and Falls.

Pell City. June 4.-(Special.) )-M. L. White of Birmingham stepped off a Southern railway passenger train at Cook Springs, several miles west of here, Saturday afternoon, and was se- rlously injured. He rolled down a high embankment, and when assist anace reached him he was uncon- scious. It is thought that he is seri- ously injured internally.
 He spent Saturday night at the ho- tel, but was carried to Birmingham for medical treatment early yester- day morning.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
SOME PERSONAL TRAITS
 OF VICE ADMIRAL TOGO
From Various sourcea.

From Various Sources.
 N the period after his assignment to
 supreme command and before the call
 for the Port Arthur attack, Togo was sick. He was sent home to rest and wait. Keeping to the strict eo6e of a Japanese officer. he did not let his wife into his plans. He was stlll sick in bed when he received the call.
 Ask them to wait. my lord; you are not well enough" said his vie.
 Togo struck her twice across the cheek.
 woman you speal. foolishness," he said.
 Mime. Togo took the rebulxe li..e a good Japanese wife and q no5lewoman of the satsuma clan, and has been penitent ever since.
 With a subtlety characteristic of the Japanese the navy department had set spies on the trail of Togo as soon as he was placed in command, to see whether he was animated solely by iove of country or simply by aversion to the Rus sians whom he Is known to hate For if il is only grudge.' they said. he may blow hot and cold, but If it is loyalty to the Empire. he will fight to the end"
 The spies could make no satisfaetor re- port. but Togo who was aware that he was watched, made the report for them
 He invited every officer of his fleet 10 great banquet on the hills of Sasebo on February g. asking them to bid their wives and children-a great departure from Japanese precedent. The next day shore leave was suspended, and the next, when the elder statesman had formally decided on war, Togo summoned all his officers to the flagship.
 They found him sitting on deck Before him on little table. stood a tablet of pure white wood, supporting a dagger the hara-kiri knife of the Saura This is the outfit placed before a Japanese gent leman when he commits cermonial sul- eide. It meant only one thing to the off, cers. victory or death, hono- or suicide But to back it up Togo made one of the longest speeches of his silent life 'Gentlemen,' he said in effect, the feast at which you have honored me with your presence was the parting feast Never could the sailors of Nippon have feasted among their wives and children except for farewell. We sail tonight to attack the enemy. Go on that voyage with the idea that you will not return Be ready to weight anchor at the signal. Good day" The officers saluted, bowed Jap anese fashion and returned to their posts
 Of the exploits of those officers in the next fortnight 1t has been said Their prose of bravery is the poetry of ours"
 Togo has kept them to the 'code of the 315 inch knife" From time to time through the secrecy which has surround ed the Japanese naval movements has leaked out some tale of this or that off, eer who has failed in his duty or has preferred safety to death The stories always end in one way-a ceremonial self removal
 A Japanese official who was on Togos flagship, the Mikasa. during the general engagement last August told in a late number of the Independent how Togo carried himself in that his biggest 6eht
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05

From the Hardeman Free Press.
 We had a dream last night that we wish had come true We was empiring game of ball, and one of the teams was made up this way: Schlitz, c; Pabst, 1b Miller, 2b; Schorr 3b; Gerst, ss; Annhauser. If; Busch, cf: Cook If; and Lemp, D. We decided every pint in favor of this team, and when the game was over they sent us a wagon load of bottled beer. and we was about to sample the stuff when it rained through the roof on our face and woke us up.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
HISTORIC SIGNALS
Made by Naval Commanders in Epoch
 Making Battles.
Centre, June 2

From the New York World.
 'The destiny of our empire depends upon this action. You are all expected to do your duty. Admiral Togo at the battle of Japan Sea, May 27, 1905.
 You may fire when you. are ready, Gridley. y.'-Admiral Dewey at the battle of Manila, May l, 1898.
 "Englands expects every man to do his duty Admiral Lord Nelson at the battle of Trafalgar. October 21 1905.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05

 ling are improving.
 About Persons. D. w. Ramsey of Carbon Hill was in the city yesterday. John D. Abernathy of Columbia spent yesterday in Birmingham. T. c. Flowers of Decatur is at the Morris.
 W. T. Hayes of New Orleans was here yesterday.
 Fred Watson of Winston-salem, N. C. was at the Morris yesterday. s. c. Brandt of Savannah, Ga, is in the city.
 w E. Howard of Memphis is at the Morris.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-06-05
JAP AND RUSS.

| From the Americus Times-Recorder. Nippon! Banzia!' yells the jolly Jap | as he goes for the Russ. ''Hellamile
 Damskr' replies the Russ, as he goes for | the bottom