davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
A Jndicioas Inqairy.

"A we'll known travelling man who
visits the drug trade says he has often
heard druggists inquire Of customers
who asked for cough medicine,
whether II was wanted for child or for
an adult, and if.for child they almost
invariably recommend Chamberlain .
Cough Remedy. rhe reason for this
IL that they know there Is no danger
from II and that ID always cures.
There il not the least danger Ia giving
II, and Tor coughs, colds and Group II Ii
unsurpassed For sale by the Pioneer
Drug Co.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
The Change Of q vvora.

you wouldn't think there'd be
enough difference between tile definite
and the indefinite article to matter
much, would your said woman who
writes for living. II made a lifelong
enemy OF woman once just by writ
ing the where I meant "a Ii was Al
account Of her wedding I was doing. ]
said something about the ceremony be
ing performed at the home OF the
brides aunt and then ! added that
there were present only the few
friends Of the family The bride never
got over that .thp In front Of few. II
happened five years ago, and when my
name Is mentioned she still frOths al
the mouth. Washington Post.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
An ola Enn,ash n.Y,s

6reensieeves" Is good old English
Dallau and tune mentioned by shake
speare u the Merry Wives Of wind.
sor and has been a fayorite since the
latter part of the sixteenth century.
lhe tune y much older than the words.
probably as old as the days IL Henrv
sni. II y also known as 'srhe Black
sllaa'n ana The Brewer and was q
Great favorite with the cavaliers 4
Moolhed version u found In the "Ber-
ears Opera" The tune Is stlll sung e
1nf's'mas comes but once year.
aala many other songs 81 the same
s Z o. with the burden (Which no
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
90 WE TALK roo MUcH'
4 plea FOR Enough silence 10
mbIe us to Think.

! paea For Enough silence 70 E
able us TO Think.
Tn the United States we are prone
81 talk too much. We do not sum
s.autIv appreciate the value and beauty
of silence. -
During the after business hours, ac
the lunch and dinner table we taik On
and on without ceasing, as though
there was nothing worth thinking
about. We invented the first taking
machine and no American Is consid-
cred properly equipped unless ne can
talk Mt all times and upon all SUD
jects.
Information must be impaired anc
IDEAS exchanged; it Is essential TO men
tai companionship and develops oul
faculties of expression. But there Il
no necessity for the endless and etef
nal talk in which so many OF US IN
dulge.
There is great force and value Il
silence. 1t enables US to think. !
! forms and expresses character. In
great men of the world were relativei'
silent men; they talked only when me.
had something to say, and the creates
4 OF them said but very little.
We should study the beauty OF "
ience and develop our thinking powe
rather than our talking power.-Cnl
| cag0 Journal.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
Plans to get Rich

are often frustrated by sudden break
down, due to dyspepsia or constipation.
Brace up and take DIR. Kings New
Life Pills. They take out the materi-
ais which are clegging your energies.
and give you new start. Cure head
ache and dizziness too. At the Pioneer
drug store: 25c, guaranteed.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
TRUE WAY TO MAKE TEA.
! ssienes whaeh rnelaaes saay ay

A science whach Kmcamaes Many AayS-
terfes IN the Brew.
Luwuh, a poet, saw In the tea serv-
fee tie same harmony and order which
reigued through ali things. In his cell
ebrated work, the 'sCha-king" 1.-THE
Holy Scripture of Tea''), be formulated
the code Of tea. He has since been
worshiped as the tutelary god Of the
Chinese fea merchants.
In the fifth chapter Luwuh describes
the method Of making ten. lie dweIls
on the much discussed question of the
choice Of water and the degree Of boil
Ing II. According to him, the noun
tain spring Ii the best; the river water
and the spring water come next III
the order Of excellence. There are
three stages OF boiling. The first boil
II when the little bubbles like the eyes
of fishes swim on The surface. The
second boil Is when the bubbles are
like crystal beads rolling III fountain.
The third boil Is when the pillows
surge wildly lii the kettle The cake
tea ~ roasted before the~sfire until 1t
becomes soft like baby's arm and
II shredded into powder between
pieces Of flne paper. Salt Ii put In
the first boil, the tea 10 the second. AT
the third boil dipperfuI Of cold water
ID poured into the kettle to settle the
tea and revive the youth OF the wa
ter Then the beverage was poured
into cups and drunk. Oh, nectar The
Almy leafiet hung like scaiy clouds In
serene sky or doated like water lilies
Oh emerald stems. international Quar-
terIy.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
Dcn't Borrow Tsonhie.

1t IL bad habit TO borrow anything.
but the worst thing you can possibly
borrow, ID. trouble. When sick, sore,
heavy, wearyand worn.out BY the pains
and poisons OF dyspepsia, biliousness,
Bright's disease. and similar internal
disorders, don't cit down and brood
over your symptoms, but fly for relief
to Electric Hltters. Here you will
find sure and permanent forgetfulness
of your troubles, and your body will
not be burned BIZ load OF debt disease.
At the Pioneer drug store. Price sos.
Guaranteed.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

On June Is, 1865, England's newspa-
per stamp duty was abolished and the
reign of the cheap daily began. This
'.tax ON knowledge" was FIRST imposed
In 1T12 and was made most severe by
the act Of 1920, which fixed 1t at s
cents sheet, with 81 cents duty on
each advertisement The Wings re-
duced the duty to penny in 1885, but
when the Crimean war broke out and
every one wanted the news even a
penny duty was found to be intolera-
bIe Its repeal Is called the Magma
Charta OF the British press.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Group Isquickiy relieved and Whoop.
M Cough will not 'srun Its course" ii
iyou use the original Bees Laxative
Honey and Tar. This Cough Syrup il
different from all others because ii acts
directly Oh the bowels. You cann0t
cure Group and Whooplng Cough until
you rid the system Of sill congestion.
BY working of the cold through copi-
Gus action Of the bowels. Bees Laxa.
tive Honey and Tar does this, and cures
all Coughs, Group, Whooplng Cough,
etc. No oplates. Sod by Pioneer
Drug co.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
speat More Thast $1,000.

W. wv. Baker 81 Plainview, Neb !,
writes: MY vile suffered from lung
trouble for fifteen years. She tried a
number Of doctors and spent over 81, 600
without relief She became very low
and lost all hope A friend recon-
mended Foley's Honey and Tar and
thanks 70 this great remedy 1t saved
her life. sheeujoys better health than
she has known IN ten years" Refuse
substitutes. Sold BY the Pioneer Drug
.ftn
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
An Accident

Small Tommy, being reproved by his
mother for some mIsdeed, showed his
displeasure in his face.
Why. Tommy said his mother,
.aren't you ashamed to make face at
meg''
Yes. mamma" replied the little fell
low. = tried to laugh, but my face
slipped Chicago News.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
never A. Advice.

When you have cough or cold don't
ask what Ii good for II and get some
medicine with little or no merit and
perhaps dangerous. Ask for F0ley's
Honey aud Tar, the greatest throat and
lung remedy; Il cures coughs and colds
quickly. Sold By The Pioneer Drug
Ga
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
New Care For Cancer.

All surface cancers are now known
TO Do durable, by Bucklen's Arnica
Salse. jas Walters, of Dufield, Va,
writes; 81 had cancer on my lip for
years, that seemed incurable. TIL
Bucklea'a Arnica salse healed ii, and
now u Is perfectly we'll Guaranteed
cure for culs aud burns. &c III the
Pioneer drug store.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

III. aflles Anti rain Rms are for
women
weuaaUsa delicate nervous organism
tinNlae 10 the least Earring influences and
some ache o. pain is the result
The remedy IL at Land
IT.. Miies' Antl-I'ain Pile
they act most mafyeslously on woYn-
ans nervous ogEafNsns and relieve ard
esrs the palma Is which vile II d martyr.
Headaches, neuralgia pains, monthly
paiaa. aasd MI ksnsss d pairs disappear.
nS II d gentle hand nod lightly soothed
t8iotn away. Dizziness. Rush Of Blood
f8 tliN lead, T0btisaesse, Eackache are
NIi cured til EGaa@ Little comforters.v
Cared without daager Of disagreeabIs
nffar egEeetys cnfed quickly: cured with-
p1E unnatural action on liver, stomach.
~ otller Internal organs.
III. Miles Anti-E.asn Pills please the
women. and tile children take them be-
eanas they are easy 70 take and socshe
All their nuffefings.
yt0F yesrs 4 had spells ~ sick head
ache, Al tines suffering untold agonies.
could nhk endure anN excitement.
Nnin1 10 church.. and even visiting
hrgaSht sc tllese terrible spells; tris s,
tried pr, Milea Anti Palm Pills. and
they haze g. etifsd ~ Nhen fesl sYfn n
s as q 81 a d saaaf Win sns a ~ i snd
SAAxIi II ATixiN soss. Blalratcwn. II.
leFgee. zse box. Never Hosd y bulk.
TargITTg Writa q ~ FOR Tree Trial
y A06sAs Package 0f pf. Miles, ANTI
fstn pills, tbe rev 9elsntitle Renedy
fss6GIaflkt Will alM9n0ee your case. tell
y4 Wfsat IN W5nEsR at5a ll0w tg FiKatt. II,
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

The drink hin Of ireland Ii reputed
e. reach fourteen millions sterling per
annunh The Irish Times suggests that
BY reducing tile consumption to the ex-
tent Of penny IN the shilling irish
Roman Catholics would preyide more
than d millions pounds for university
fo their own nklng.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Sick headache IL caused by dis
Orded condition ol The stomach and
IA quickly cured by Chamberlaln's siom-
sch and Liver Tablets. Forsale by The
Drug ca.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Indigestion. constipation, dyspepsia
kidney and liver disorders. and all
stomach troubles positively cured BY
using HOLSTERS Rocky Mountain Tea
IS cents Tea or Tablets. Sold by DR.,
w ] Comfy & Son.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

The Irish language has only eighteen
letters Sometimes each letter Is writ
Ten separately and not Joined togetll-
III, The ditEiculty Id learning Irish ~
that there are innumerable abbreyia-
lions FOR words and phrases. The Irish
language is nonphonetic, the words
rarely being d key 10 the pronunciation.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Girls, II you want red lips, laughing
eyes, sweet breath and good lto,s, use
HOLSTERS Rocky Mountain Tea. The
greatest beautifier known. 35 cents,
Tea or Tabls.s. Sold by DR.. w. j.
Comfy & Son.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
ANOTHER Yferx.

Mrs. McSplurge When 60 out with
this lovely new frock people will think
I've been shopping In Paris. Mr.. Nc
splurge- Maybe they'll think I've been
cracking safe. Cleveland Leader.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Golf IF greatly INDUCED In by the
naval officers and European residents
in China. In consequence the Chinese
boys have gTasped some Idea OF the
game. and they are frequently 70 be
seen Amusing themselves with an old
stick converted Into d club and real
golf BAN which some golfer has lost.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
watch the kidneys. !

when they are affected, life is in
danger" says DR.. Abernethy, the great
English physician. FoleJ's Kidney
Cure makes sound kidneys. Sold by
the Pioneer Drug Co.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

One night IL al the time necessary TO
prove thar Pinules II the best remedy
10 the world for backache snd all kid
neg and bladder troubles. II you have
rheumatism or any other blood disease
i single dose will give relief. Sold BY
Pioneer Drug co,
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
Oyerheard I'm n nua.

First Old Lady He was a bad char
acter, but believe he repented at last.
Second Old Lady-Oh, no, be didn't.
saw that he died intestate. London
Globe.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Mrs. De style Bridget, will you
please hang up my skirt and jacketf
The Maid Yis. mum. Sh'll / git two
tickets on IN, or only wan f'r tn two
OF 'em r. Cleveland Leader.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

tits pleasure 10 takel DR.. Dide's
Little Liver pills and enjoy their tonic
|etfectupon the liver Gold by Pioneer
Drug Co
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
A Puzzle

He Here's puzzle for you. She
Lets have it. He Give woman a
bunch Of photographs to examine, in
Guiding one Of her own, which one will
she look at the longest. ana why?
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Aching. blind, 90 let' PROT ud-
ing piles. Druggists refund money II
Pazo Ointment fails 10 cure any case
no matter of how long standing, 10 D TO
IA DAYS. First application gives ease
and rest. soc. II your druggist hasn'-
it send so, in stamps and it will be fort
warded postpaid by Paris Medicine
CO., ST. Louis, Mo.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
THE MALE CRICKET.
Curious Treat He Develops For ths
Lady of His Choice.

Curious Treat He Develops For the
Lady of His Choice.
In the American Naturalist J, L.
Hancock gives an interesting descrip-
ton of some OF the habits of the
striped meadow cricket. The most
striking part of the account deals
with the allurements which the male
crickets possess. When he wishes to
attract the female the male cricket
raises his fore wings vertically above
his head and by rubbing them over
each other produces high pitched
singing, or, perhaps better, shrilling.
When the females attention has been
attracted she goes to the male and
proceeds to take advantage Of the re-
freshments offered. Upon the mates
back, situated well forward ON the
thorax, is little depression or well in
which small quantity Of semifluid
material Is secreted. Climbing up on
| the males back, the female eats this
apparently delicious morsel with great
eagerness. 1t is evidently something
especially choice which is formed
there for her especial benefit. This
proceeding suggests that treating as q
means of winning a lady's love is not
confined to the allurements of ice
cream and soda water. Golfers
Weekly.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
prauenfs pnes. raania

Ansl-Q uinine. the Great Cold Cure,
will always preveat Pneumonia I
taken ut once with Anti Qulnise. zoe
Sold by druggists.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05
FOR BOTH

One disease of thinness in
children is scrofula; in adults,
consumption. Both have poor
blood both need more fat.
These diseases thrive on lean
ness. Fat is the best means of
overcoming them; cod liver oil
makes the best and healthiest
| fat and
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

pedantry and taste are as inconsist-
ent as gayety and melancholy Lava
x0s.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

"Then he doesn't find that all the
world loves loverf'"
mot exactly. His experience is that
all the world guys lover
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Gladstone Headache Tablets contain
no opiates, or narcotics. Sold by
drug gists.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

4 safe now heing made for the
Premier Diamond Mining company II
intended ii hold st0,Oo0.000 worth Of
diamonds. n Will be the strongest
safe ever constructed. Seven feet
high Sis feet wide md weighing TWEEN.
ky-one TONS Il win cost $4,000. The
steel doors alone VIII weigh i've tons.
You can apply Manzan right where
the pain ii n Ii put 40 Id nollapsibie
tubes with nozzle attachment for intro
aucIne Il. Manz il stops pain Instant
IN and cures MI kinds OF blind, bleed
linz. itohing Dr. protruding plies. Sold
NJ Pioneer Drug Cd.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1905-10-05

Fo!ey's Honey and Tar cures coughs
and colds and prevents pneumonia.
Take no substitutes. Sold by the
Pioneer Drug Co.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05
NOTICE OF CONTEST.

Department of the Interior, U. s. Land
ONCE, Duluth, Mimi, April "a 1905.
A sufhcient affidavit of contest having
been filed in this Office by Geo. Westcott, of
ELY, MIMI, Contestant. against the home
stead entry No. 1882 made July II. 1902. for
the E1a of sen of section "a. township so N.
H. . west OF 4th p. M. made by Andrew H..
RonTeseno, Contestee, in which it is alleged
that SAID Contestee never made any improv-
ments upon said land. nor did he reside
thereon at any time and has long since
wholly abandoned the same, and that said
alleged absence from said land was not due
TO MS euploymentin the army or navy or
marine corps of the United States. as a pri-
vate soldier, officer, seaman or marine. dur
ing the war with Spain. or during any other
war IN which the United States may have
been engaged:
SAID parties are hereby notified to appear
ana offer evidence touching said allegations
Derore the Register and Receiver of this Of
flee at Duluth, Mimi. on June Sth, 1905, at
| III O'Clock a. m. of said day.
Inc said contestant having. in proper
| athdaVlt filed April "a, 1905, set forth facts
which show that after due diligence, per-
sonal service of this notice can not be made
| IL Is hereby ordered and directed that such
service be madeby the due and proper pub
l1cation of said notice.
SO VIM E. CULKIN, Register.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05

went underground at the Pioneer
mine where they spent some time.
The party also visited the other mines
and left here Sunday for Tower.
In the party were Prof. G. X. Leith,
Prof. r. Il Ely, Prof. N. M. Femme.
man, all Of Wisconsin university, and
the following students: r. r. Davis,
r. j. Holden, f. B. Laney. C. III.
Wegeman. j. II. Rodgers and e. G.
Harder. G. e. Abbott and Geo, Per.
ham of Eveleth and G. W. Crane OF
Hibbing were also of the party.
The party made a trip to the vari.
Gus mines on the Mesaba, visiting the
larger ones and then go to the Michi.
gan copper fields. In speaking of the
trip, Prof. Ely said:
What especially impresses me in
this country is the part that nature
has played in the creation of wealth
In agriculture and manufactures
man gives direction to natural forces
and the result is new products.
Here the work Of man has consis
ted in taking or Selling forms oil
wealth which nature occupied thous
ands upon thousands of years in pro
duclng, in the case of the minerals
and hundreds of years in the case oil
the forests.
This work Of man is sometimes
designated exploitation. The cues
tion arises: Has this exploitation
been exercised with prudence and
forethought? Have we thought
merely of the present generation or OF
future generations as well.
"a distinguished German has cal
led US nation of butchers because
he claims we have slaughtered the
interests of our children. 1t is now
time for us to take measures to con-
serve general as well as particular in
terests, future as well as present in
terests.''
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05
Order for Hearing Proof of Will.

Order for Hearing Proof of Will.
State of Minnesota. ss
County of st. Louis, e'0'
In Probate Court,
Special Term, April 2Sth. 1905.
In the matter of the Estate of Louis
Sletten, deceased:
WHEREAS, An instrument in writing. pur-
porting to be the Last Will and Testament
OF Louis Sletten deceased. late OF said
County. has been delivered to this Court;
AND WHEREAS. Pauline Sletten has flied
Herewith her petition. representing, among
other things. that said Louis Sletten died In
OlmSted County on the 18th day of April,
1905, testate, and that said petitioner is the
EXecutorlX named in said Last VIII and
Testament, of Louis Sletten and praying
THAT the SAID instrument may be admitted
to probate, and that letters TeStamentary
be issued thereon to Pauline Sletten.
1T is ORDERED, That the proofs OF said in
strument. and the said petition. be heard
before this Court at the Probate othce In the
City of Duluth, in said County, on Monday
the End day of May, A. d. 1903, at III O'Clock
In the forenoon. when all persons interested
may appear for or contest the probate OF
said instrument;
AND IT IS FURTHER ORD zRED, That notice
or the time and place, of SAID nearing
be given to all person interested by
publishing this order, once In each
week for three successive weeks prior
to said day of hearing in the Ely MINER;
weekly newspaper, printed ana pupllshed
Dated at Duluth. Minnesota, the 18th day
OF April, AID, 1905.
By the Court.
ISeal ]. b. MIDDLECOFF,
A. j. THOMAS. Juuge of Probate.
Atty. for Petitioner. 428 big
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05

Copy for Advertisements, or other matter
for insertion in The Ely Miner. must be in
the hands of the printer not later than
Thursday morning to insure prompt and
first class service.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05
THEY VISIT US.
University of Wisconsin Geolog-
ical Party Here Saturday.

The geological party from the Uni
yersity of Wisconsin, now making a
trip,through the Lake Superior region
arrived here Saturday night and
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05
Subscription $2per Year

Entered at the post Office at Ely. Mime
sofa as second class matter.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05

Resolutions Of respect or coincidence. or
memorial notices, cards of thanks, and
advertisements for entertainments for
which there is an admission fee, will be
charged for, when ordered. at the rate of 8
cents per line. Foreign advertisers
must pay the same rate as the home mer-
chant.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05

Read the ads in the
Miner and trade with
those that invites you
to do so.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-05-05

All are invited to send in items OF news at
any time. Communications touching mat
tiers of local import will be gladly given
space. Write on one side of the paper and
sign your name, not necessarily for publ
cation. but. as guarantee Of good faith.
Use no libelous matter and use language
within bounds of ,deceney. The columns
are open to contributors of local matters
of tmportance at all times under the above
rules.