davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07

W. L. Douglas, governor OF
Massachusetts, has gwen an interview
as to the cause of his phenomenal vote.
He says:
my election, means the first gun in
a battle for reciprocity and tariff
relief. made a fight solely on the
proposition that we should have
reciprocity and that all trusts which
sell their products abroad cheaper
than We can buy them here should not
be perm ted to enjoy protection. l
gave Them practical examples of the
working Of The tariff, l instanced a
recent purchase of $3.50 600 of leather
which l bought from the lrust, on
when there was a duly Of 500 600. l
gave concrete illustrations IL the
wooden, cotton and other trades
ut was an issue that touched a
popular chord, They said ID the
national campaign that we had no issue
We had the greatest, the most vital
issues, For some reason it was sub.
ord'nated in our national campaign.
IL was the one issue OF all others to
have pressed. We made our people
understand that The tariff and trust
question is the same-that it is idle to
talk of solving the trust question go
long as we are sheltering those giant
psupers' under our protection system.
II told our people that Massachu-
sets put Sc in the protection pool for
every dollar it took out; that our
$50, 900 bones contributed $3.50. OOO,-
600 a year to the trusts; that the steel
trust alone reaps $50, 900, 900 a year
out OF protection and pockets 1t, SELL
ing abroad cheaper than we can buy
from it. And yet they have the
assurance to tell Us the trust question
has nothing to do with the TARIFF
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07

Some inquiry into The effectiveness
and effect o. The lime and sulphur dip
on sheep and their wool, where The
former sre sffeeted with sesbles. de-
the fact that The goverumen,
DIPS as recommended by Doctor
Salmon Of the Department of AgricuI-
ture is a sure cure Tor scabies, il
properly prepared; but that il Is
rulnous to the wool when sheep are
shortly before shearing. !
recently called upon the proprietor OF
one of the Minneapolis wool buying
establishments, the Northwestern Fur
and Hide Company, and he advised
NE that lime and sulphur wool
brought 6 cents below market price
aud that it was harsh and inferior.
the wool of sheep subjected to
tobacco and other dips was no,
by the process. The
sheepmeu Of Montana make the same
statement in effect; but say that lime
aud sulphur should DO used only i'm
mediately following sheariDg-ailer
any cuts made BY the shears have
up-and before the wool has
grown out. If the scabies require dip
pings during the growth Of the wool,
other dips than the lime mixture
should be used. With the wool short,
| was Informed, the lime and sulphur
dip Is a very cheap, effective and salts
factory remedy for scab, the formulate
for making, however, to be nicely OBJ
served. The sheep are swum the
of a trough full of the mixture,
requiring three minutes, and are thrice
entirely submerged as they pass along.
a second dipping is given within ten
days to destroy any remaining vestiges
the PARASITES. No loss occurs to
the sheep, unless they are dipped too
soon following shearing.-Farm Notes
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
New Edition Of Missouri Back.

Walter Williams, who is editing the
last edition of the Missouri Book for
the Worlds Fair Commission, has
completed the se~mi.oficial list Of
prizes won by the State of Missouri at
the Exposition, exclusive of the awards
in woman's work, live stock, poultry,
social economy and to individual
exhibitors.
Missouri has S65 awards. OF these,
A are grand prizes, l6S gold medals,
$50 silver medals and $50 bronze
medals. In every department hortleul.
tuTe, agriculture, fish and game,
education, publication, dairying,
mining and forestry, Missouri won the
grand prize over all competitors.
The last edition of the Missouri Boob
containing the official information. viii
not be published until February.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
oeu. sam nusiou.s POunnc..

Wilson's Rock is beautiful spot
on the Cherokee side of The Arkansas
river, on = bill nesr The mouth OF Skin-
bayou creek. Here 10 q cedar grove
lived, in a log cabin with his Cherokee
wife Sam Huston, the former
governor OF Tennessee, and Distinguish
ed general. IL was here be started
on horseback for Texas Of which
State be became the hberator and first
governor. Tahnhina, lis wife, is said
70 have been the most beautiful won
an in the Cherokee tribe, and Houston
was not ashamed Of her. He wrote to
have her join him in Texas, which she
declined, saying she was an Indian
and would not be happy among his
white associates. 1t appears be really
loved her and resolved to see her again
in her forest abode had not death inter.
Vened.
Those who reverence the memory
of Huston are II erect q tomb to mark
the sight Of Tablinina's grave IN the
natiOual cemetery in Fort Gibson.
A half century and more than one
score years have gone since the TAR
form Of Tahlihina was laid at rest
beneath the cedar shade at Wilson'S
During that time wonderful
transformations have taken place in
this territory, now largely the abode
OF the white men and civilizations
wonderful change, indeed. And now
those remains are about to be removed
to Fort Gibson, in the United States.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
REWARE oF oouNrERFEIrs.

"DeWitt's is the only Witch Hazel
Salve" writes j.. L. Tucker, of Centre,
Ala. 81 have used it in my family for
piles, cuts and burns for years and can
recommend it to be the best Salve on
the market. Every family should
keep it, as it is an Invaluable house
hold remedy, and should always be
kept on hand for ~immediatee use.9'
Mrs. Samuel Gage, ofsNorth Bush,
New York, says: II had a fever sore
on my ankle for twelve years that the
doctors could not cure. All salves and
blood remedies proved worthless. l
could not walk for over two years.
Finally l was persuaded to try De-
Wits Witch Hazel salve, which has
completely cured me. 1t is a wonder
full relief" DeWitt's Witch Hazel
Salve cures without leaving a scar.
Sold by Crenshaw & Young, Druggists.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
About the Soil.
Soil can be run down.
Soil can be improved.

Soil can be run down.
Soil can be improved.
Different types OF soil produce diff
erent crop yields under the ame con-
ditions.
Neither live stock nor clover, nor
both together, will maiutsin the fer
Utility Of the soil.
One soil will produce twenty bushels
Of corn, another forty bushels, another
eighty bushels.
Soils, side by side, cultivated differ
emily for a term of years, produce
very different yields.
The fertility of soil can be main
tanned.
1t is worth money to know soils and
pc able TO improve them.
The study Of soils is vitality connect.
ed with profit and prosperity in farm
ing, the. greatest industry in the
country.
Toe same soil differs at different
times according to Its cultivation and
other treatment aud lack OF treatment,
One soil IS worth $40 an acre, an
other 800 per sore another $500 per
acre, largely because Of their difference
in fertility or productive capacity.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
Money Value of Education.

Superintendent Adams OF Fayette
College makes the following calculation:
1.-THE average educated man gets a
salary of 81, 900 per year. He works
40 years, making a total of $40, 900 in
a life time The average day laborer
gets s1.6O per day, 500 days in a year,
or $3.50 a year. In 40 years he earns
$4,000. The difference, or s22, 900
equals the value Of an education. To
acquire this earning capacity requires
IL years at school Of $50 days each, or
2,160 days. Divide s22, 900 the value
of an education, by 2,16O, number OF
days required in getting it, we fnd
that each day al school Is worth q little
more than $40 to the pupil,
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
TONIC TO THE YsTEM

For liver troubles and constipation
there is nothing better than DeWitt's
Little Early Risers, the famous little
pills. They do not weaken the stom-
ach. Their action upon the system is
mild, pleasant and harmless. Bob
Moore of Lafayette, Ind, says, "No
use talking, DeWitt's Little Early
Risers do their work All pills / have
used grippe and nake me sick in the
stomach an d never cured me. DeWitt's
Little Early Risers proved to be the
long sought relief. They are simply
perfect" Persons travelling find Little
Early Risers the most reliable remedy
to carry with them. Sold by Cren-
shaw 4 Young, Druggists. 1-7ml
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
Oxford pOns DlsIikes Rhodes Bows.

From the Boston Herald:
According 10 the London corre-
s%poudent of the New York Tribune,
the Oxford dons don't like the Rhodes
scholarships, and when they think
aloud they say 40. They say Cecil
Rhodes made a gigantic mistake when
he distributed his scholarships all over
the world. America is rich. they say,
and absolutely able TO educate its own.
The idea of the dons appears to be
that the South African Colossus ought
to have given his money to the poor
English parsons and help them to put
their sons IN the way of getting on in
the world. It's another case Of
dissatisfied heirs presumptive.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
CouGHs ANo coins

All coughs, colds and pulmonary
complaints that are durable are quickly
cured by One Minnie Cough Cure.
Clears the phlegm, draws out jniam-
nation, and heals and soothes the
affected parts, strengthens the lungs,
wards Of pneumonia. Harmless and
pleasant to take. Sold Crenshaw &
Young, Druggists.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
Nature,s Great invention

On de banks oh de Amazon, far away, far away,
Whar Or. Green gifts August Flowers to dis day;
An picked dose flowers in August in ole Brazil
An aldo Use a Yankee, an longs to be dar StiI.
qAugust Flower is the only medicine
free from alcoholic stimulants) that has
been successful in keeping the entire
thirty-two feet of digestive apparatus in a
normal condition, and assisting natures
processes Of digestion, separation and ab.
sorphon-for building and rebuilding
by preventing ALL irregular or unnatural
causes which interrupt healthy and per.
feet natural processes and result in intes-
tnal indigestion, catarrhal affections
(cauSing OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES Of the
gall duct), fermentation Of unhealthy
foods. nervous dyspepsia, headache, CON.
stpadOn and other complaints, such a
collie, biliousness, jaundice, etc. :
QAugust Flower IL natures intended reg
HlatOE. Two iDes, asc, 7Se. All duggiSA
Sold by Leroy Farmer.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
Pulpit Echoes

/ do not think that this Is as much
an age Of doubt as it is of Indifference.
Rev. DR.. Hall.
1t is the personal character of the
religion OF Jesus Christ that makes it
so strong.-Rev. F. W. Tompkios.
Affections are not useless, but are
the very means which God uses to
make you oet,er.-Rev. A B. Goats.
There is a disposition on the part OF
men to find social life outside Of the
church II W. ". Bowdisb.
Unions act as a defense to labor
against personal greed on the part of
employers.-Rev. V. e. Tomlinson.
We are united with the dead, They
live, whether receiving her reward In
heaven or being purified in purgatory.
Rev. J. NJ. Gleason.
The milenlum will not dawn upon
the world until the church realizes her
true mission-to feed the hungry,
cIothe the naked and heal the sick
Rev. DR.. HOlderby.
This idea we should endesvor to
grasp and hold as the most funda-
mental fact, that above us lives and
rules that great Being who brought us
into existeHce.-Rev. Robert Haddow.
We are living IN an age when there
are a great number Of denominations,
but only one Christ. Christ is the
very apex Of truth. He is the giver of
everlasting life Rev. Thomas
Campbell.
AS SIN and death result from mans
exercise Of moral freedom IN Opposi-
ton to divine will, so holiness and life
eternal are won by the SUBMISSION OF
the personal will to the divine. John
D.. Rockefeller, jr.
We cannot go forward by simply
asking God to save our souls. We
mnst look at the worldly cares and the
humane side Of things. Do not only
pray, but stretch forth the rod OF effort.
Rev. w. Hubbard.
Woman is mistress of the moral des.
TIMES Of the race. Woe to her who
flingo such a crown as this 10 the
dust, or trails such spotless, heavenly
robes in the mire. That we're waste
of high and holy opportunity Rev.
DR.. Studebaker.
The spirit of the world has crept
into the lives Of many who profess to
he religious. They will retain the
name Of Christ and a few Of his doc.
trines, and these arc the persons who
principally profess one religion is as
another Rev. P. A. Beecher.
The problem Of civilization has been
the problem Of the city. Every nation
has been what great cities have made
it. The power Of progress is the pow
er Of the city TO reform itself, to change
that which Is of Cam into that which
is ofOhrist REV. j. W. Sylvester.
Christ, who is our life; Christ, who
is the redeemer Of souls aud the say.
Tor of the social order and the builder
Of the kingdom of God, never faileth.
He is the same yesterday, today and
forever. It ls he in whom all the
hopes Of humanity are hid.-Rev. DR..
West.
One Of the chief causes of denomina-
tionalism is that many people accept
the truth only in segments. Prayer
must not be used as a cudgel TO smits
down obedience. Faith must not be
taken TO the exclusion Of Christian
works. To know and practice only
part of the truth Is denomimationalism
Rev. DR.. Harlan.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07

The ruins Of the Missouri state
building, model school houses and
hunters lodge, all built by the state at
a cost OF 1897 900 a, the worlds far
grounds we're sold last week for s4OO.
The tpurchaser' are TO remove the
buildings and clear the grounds.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
State of Ohio, City of Toledo,
Lucas County. 50

CHNI wv - AbiSNVf 60
Lucas County.
Frank J.. Cheney makes oath that he
is senior partner of the firm OF f. ]
Cheney & Co, doing business in the
City Of Toledo, County and State
aforesaid, and that SAID firm will pay
the sun Of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS or
each snd every case of Catarrh that
cannot be cured by the use Of Halls
Catarrh Cure. FRAYK j. CHENEY.
Sworn to before me and subscribed
in my presence, this 9th day of
December, A. D. 1886.
fspArN A. w. GLEASON,
Notary Public.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken
internally, and acts directly on the
blood and mucous surfaces of the
system, Send for testimonials free.
F. ]. CHENEY & Co., Toledo, o.
Sold By all Druggists, IS
Take Halls Family Pills for con-
stipation. 1-7m1
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
NO MORT STOMACH TROUBLES.

NO MORE STOMACH TROUBLES.
All stomach trouble is removed bv
the use of Kodol Dyspepsia Cure. 1t
gives the stomach perfect rest by di.
costing what you eat without the
stomach's aid. The food builds up the
body, the rest restores the stomach to
health. You don't have to diet o.
self when taking Kodol Dyspepsia
Cure. }. D. Erskine of Allenville,
Mich, says; 81 suffered heartburn
and stomach trouble for some time.
My sister-in-law had had the same
trouble and was not able to eat for six
weeks, She lived entirely on warm
water. After taking two bottles of
Kodol Dyspepsia Cure she was entirely
cured. She now eats heartily and is in
good health. l am glaG to say Kodol
gave me instant relief" Sold by Cren.
shaw & Young, Druggists. 1-7m1
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
PrrsBuna, KAs., March q. loOt

PrrrsHuRe, kAs., March "a, 1904
Ihave been using your Black DrauEht
Stock and Poultry Medicine on my
stock for some time. / have used an
kinds Of stock food but ! have found
that yours il the best for my purpose.
J. 8. HAssoN.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
Fine Hogs For Sale.

l have for sale a lot OF fine Poland
China hogs, both gifts and boars.
A. P. YOUNG,
9-17 Near Prairie Church.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
sPEEpYREIIEF

A salve that heals without a scar is
DeWitt's Witch Hazel Salve. No
remedy effects such speedy relief. 1t
draws out in inflammation, soothes, cools
and heals all cuts, burns and bruises.
A sure cure for piles and skin diseases.
DeWitts is the only genuine Witch
Hazel Sslye. Beware Of counterfeits,
they are dangerous. Sold by Cfen.
shaw & Young, Druggists 1,7mi
General Kuropatkin for some sum-
Cient reason failed to eat bis Christmas
turkey in Port Arthur as he promised,
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1905-01-07
DOugIas, Issue.

Sold by Leroy Farmer
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04
= . . . .
MOUND CITY.
= = = = = . . . .
OCTOBER ~ 1906

u. The ff'nfasai County Circuit couftl
will convene IN tbs city on the fourth
81 Ionday in the present nonh odd
fudge w w. Duncan, OF Marion, will
a1re lie. A grand jury will be session,
che members 10 constitute the same
having already been drawn for and
named
U cal Hogg. AT Mound. enc of Tho
Illinois Central railroads good boys.
Wi here To-Day the guest OF his uncle,
pr j. b Mathis.
Harry lCoopsr mas. soIllI mis- grocery
ahtDre on Central Main street, formerly
81 Iae Dora Kifile place Frank Kess n
lnnr. who operates a place of he same
gsoit a block further up h. street, was
nh he purchaser. Mr.. Ke-ssnger will not
ln cslsolidate the two stores, but VIII
81 Eiinue 10 conduct both stores
psvhcre they are.
~ Your scribe was commended several
mines today on the squib' concerning
iiIIle Niger killer in yesterdays Bull.
bestln. The item was declared TO have
81 thu bulls eye in the matter Of
uth and in timeliness.
VII Mrs. Jonn Nolte. Of Mounds who
pasAs shot in the arm near her summer
pr1hme at villa Ridge by a negro, d
W evenings since is said to BE- suf
Nring quite severely from the wound
III doesn't heal as rapindly as sucE
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

injuries usually do and Is causing her
self and family considerable solicita
ton The eulprit who fired the shot
i yet at large. unfortunately
There Is a gossipping woman RE-
sizing uptown Who II keeping a whole
community in fiirore She carries
scandul1lts and Notwithstanding
stories from one neighbor to another
and her conduct has caused one fight
be. ween two women and half a dozen
fierce tongue lashngs, not to mention
a case or two In the police court Two
women engaged n a quarrel on last
evening and The very tail language
vas heard two blocks away This
woman Ii said to De d newcomer and
he people affected Try her disreputablr
methods are hoping that she will be
d soon-gaer.
PR j 3. Mathis. Of Ullin, visited
this city Sunday
/ Miller Brothers. Of Ullin, have been
leemed bankrupts and Esquire
Thomas scanlon. Of the same town
has been appointed receiver for tht
estate
1 Miss Reese Thomas, Of Crane
\ Chain, S the cues Of Miss Susie
daughter Of sheriff James n. Weaver
James Painter one Of he Mound
! City-Cairo freight transformer, mas
been wrestling with malaria, bn. Is on
duty albeit
4 Mis- Mable Adair is afflicted with
I calls and fever.
| Tine Metal Bound factory is So busy
that Il Is operated two and ball
hoNrs in the evenings This IL quite
gratifying
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The steamer II w. Buttorff passed
q wn from Paiucah. last night on her
way 10 ST. Louis. The Buttorf will
take the place of The j b. Richardson
in he 81 Louis rad The latter will
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

A large number Of river aud sea
nayigators are expected in 81. Louis
the last of the month to attend the an.
nual meet ng of the National Board Of
Steam Navigation which convcnes
Ocobcr "a.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

As the result of Quarant mes in the
south. five show boats are making
their headquarters in Padueah. Among
the boats is McNair's the larges3 float
ing theatre in the world,
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04
20 to Palucah for repairs.


so 10 Palucah for reRa. rs.
The Dunbar is on a dry dock AT
Paducah, receiving a new hull.
Many friends in Cairo are lament,
ing he death Of Commodore John F.
Dravo which occurred az Beaver Dam
SaWulay fle was prominent mem
Der of the Ohio Valley Improvement
Association.
The Lee line is purchasing gasoline
boats TO Bee used i'm towing cotton in
the shallow streams Of Louisiana and
Mis- issimi
The Ranger arrived from below with
tow of lumber yesterday and left for
ST. Luis 10 bring out a TOW Of empties.
The Honshel is duo with timber
from the lower river,
The Warren is due fron Paducah at
p m. today and viii leave at p a..
on the return trip.
The Beaver arrived from the lower
river with q derrick boa and two
barses of logs Yesterday. She dc
parted fol ST Louis al 1850 p. m
The Katherine is due today from be
low with a tow of logs
The J Il Brahwell, a tug, left for
Continued on Fifth Page)
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The government snagboat Wright is
10 clcnr the channel between ST. Louis
and Cairo and Cairo and Memphis az
once The steamer viii leave ST.
Louis today.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

win have 10 secure new licenses In
aection OF an crafi has been or
dored The new regulations are ex-
tremely ugid.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The Peters Lee will be due lornor-
row from Memphis and goes 10 st.
Louis
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

Nashville, Tenn Oct 3.-Presidant
81 T. B-yau. OF he Cumberland river
commisto has been advised hat the
rivers and harbOrs committee of con
sress is considering whether or not
the improvements on the Cumberland
should tie discontinued.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04
!: NEWS OF THE RIVERS !:
o. y
sxxxSSS9ssSssssSsxSSsSgx9s

The gauge az p. m. yesterday regis.
tered 40, fail of 10 in twenty-four
hours.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

This Herman paspcke in command
ot Capt Fichner win leave today for
Bariield to get a toW 1T los fer Ca TO
mills
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The New Era floating theatre is
8de coming down the Ohio river
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

Riyc7mon are looking for an open
winter his year and for good sea-
on Of navigation in the Mississippi
and Ohio rivers.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

All steamers In the United states
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The Ohio is falling from Piusburg
40 Cairo.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The j. b Bradwell, tug, left fos
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

Continued on Fifth Page.)
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04
The Dunbar is on a dry dock al
Paducah, receiving "A new hull.

The Ranger arrived from below with
a tow of lumber yesterday and left for
ST. Luis 10 bring out TOW OF empJies
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The HonshelI is duo with timber
from the lower river
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The Katherine is due today from be
low with a tow OF logs
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04

The Warren is due fron paducah at
p m. today and viii leave al 3 p a..
on the return trip.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1905-10-04
Second Game.

Batteries Henley, Bender anC
Schreck: Sudhoff and Sugden.