davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

The first words reproduced and ut
tered by photograph are naturally a
matter of historical interest. When
Edison was at work on his first phono-
graph many weeks were consumed in
experiment. 1t is said that when the
talking machine was first discovered it
was as much surprise to its inventor
as to the world. The Wizard was
working on some telephone receivers
and was led to put piece of tinfoil on
a cylinder. 1t recorded sound, and Ed
ison was convinced that the human
voice could be recorded and produced
When the time came to make an actual
test Edison, with his mind on mechan-
zeal details, absentmindedly tested his
contrivance with the familiar phrase
MARY had little lamb" The verse
was the first record taken by the ma
chine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

Self control or nerve force is the
great lesson of health and therefore of
life itself. To understand how to re-
lax is to understand how to strengthen
nerves. Hearty laughter is a source OF
relaxation, as are also all high thoughts,
as those of hope, beauty, trust or love.
Relaxation is found in diversion. An
occasional outing or holiday is neces-
sary. AS there are conscious and I'M
conscious thoughts, there are conscious
and unconscious nerve tensions Wom-
Ell when shopping do not know the very
tight grip they give their parcels until,
on reaching home, their hands fall re-
Taxed in their laps, and they say they
are so tired.-Health Culture.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

An anecdote concerning General
George II. Thomas, the hero of Chicla-
manga, was related by a clergy man
He told it to illustrate how the vaior
of obscure soldiers goes TO swell the
fame of the great generals. II sat next
General Thomas in Tennessee train
shortly after the battle on Lookout
mountain" declared the clergyman
"when crowd of soldiers on the plat
form began cheering for the hero Of
Lookout, mountain Stop that con-
founded noisev Indignantly demanded
Thomas of his adjutant. 4 don't know
whether these men are in earnest and
making a mistake. or whether they
are guying me. The fact is, If had
had my way the battle would not have
been fought. When heard of the pro
posed attack 1t seemed exceedingly
foolhardy, and | ordered the plan
abandoned, but in spite of me, while
was protesting. the men had stormed
and captured those battlements above
the clOuda.'"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
SINGLE COMB BUFF LEGHoRN.

rest out twenty-five good chicks are
worth 100 poor ones. I have succeed.
ed during my seven years breeding in
getting some Of the highest scoring
Buff Leghorns in the country. They
have combined vigor with the laying
qualities Some of my pullets We're
laying last season a. the age of four
months and two days. Good care and
common sense never failed in obtain
ing first class stock
The splendid Buff Leghorn cockere
illustrated has been exhibited at many
fairs and scored 94i2 points at the
Northern Illinois Poultry association
show,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

and also one for bricks Of Mary
land clay. s gold medals. %
silver medals and bronze medals
-42 awards in all.
The awards in the Mines aud
Metallurgy Building were much
delayed, and the official announce
ment of these prizes has only
just been made by Mr.. John Nc.
Gibbon. Secretary of the Inter,
national Jury Of Awards. The
honor to this State was largely
due TO the care and skill which
DR.. Clark and his asSistantS-Dr.
d. b. Matthews, DR.. Harry Field
ing Reid and Mr.. a. n. Johnson
Exercised in displaying their
material to the very best advan
tage. \ grand prize went to the
Consolidation Coal Comp any, and
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
The Force of strong Personality.

Who has not felt his power multi
piled many times, his intellect sharp
ened and a keener edge put on all of
his faculties when coming into contact
with a strong personality which has
seemed to unlock hidden powers which
he never before dreamed he possessed
so that he could say things and do
things impossible to him when alone?
The power of the orator, which he
filings back to his listeners, he first
draws from his audience, but he could
never get it from the separate indiyid-
uals any more than the chemist could
get the full power from chemicals
standing in separate bottles in his labo-
ratory. 1t is in contact and combina-
tons only that new creations, new
forms, are developed.-O. S. Marden in
Success Magazine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

Eleventh Indiana regiment. which was
under command of General Lew Wal
lace. Afterward he was with the
Thii ty-seventh Illinois. rising to be a
colonel. On the close of the war he
was brevetted Il brigadier general.
General Black distinguished himself
for bravery at Pea Ridge. Ala. in 1862
He was ordered to have his regimen
seize and hold vital point. BY his
qualities as Il commander he stemmed
the tide of apparent defeat, held the
field and drove the enemy from it.
During the engagement one of his
arms was shattered but he remained
with his troops until the victory was
won. Later in the same year while
fighting at Prairie Grove. Ark. with
his injured arm in a sling. his other
arm was wounded and crippled. Ir
describing the fighting at Prairie Grove
an eyewitness has written:
General Black was holding his
ground He kept his men as if they
were on dress parade. He tore up and
Town the line, crying in clear tones to
re accurate in the aim. to he careful
and lie snug upon the ground. lie
saved the day at Prairie Grove"
After the war General Black read
law and took up the practice of that
profession. In 1885 President Cleve-
and appointed him pension commits
Sioner, and he served until 1889. He
has since been a congressman at larg"
from Illinois and United States attor
uey for the northern district of Illinois
President Roosevelt appointed him al
the Democratic member of the civ;
service commission, which position he
now holds.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

A teacher in a school at Stepney,
east London, was giving her class an
examination on the Scriptural work of
the previous three months. Among 9th
err questions the lady asked, with
what weapon did Samson STAY the
thousand PhllistinesY And one girl,
jumbling her old and new testament
knowledge, stood up and replied, with
the AK of the apostles" A woman
teacher had been explaining the story
Of the casting adrift of the infant
Moses. "Now, why was 1t, do you
think, that the good mother daubed the
little ark boat so carefully with slime
and pitch?" "Oh, ma'am." said one lit
tie five-year-old girl, ito make the baby
stick inside"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
BUFF LEGHORNS.


How to Feed Them-Points From ~.
Practice of an Expert Breeder.
A successful Illinois breeder of Bpfr
Leghorns says in American AgricuI.
turist: Il use oats. wheat, barley and
corn-nothing but yell NV corn, no white
corn unless You want to spoil the
color of the quill and give it a whitisb
cast select my male. tie nearest TO
the standard, without white or black
and good size then choose females
of an even buff, as near the color of the
cock as possible or a shade lighter I
use nothing but the best. If you have
but one good one use that and turn the,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
a HANDY HOG ILANGEE.

the post. 1t swings over the crossbar
(Nos. 3 and H. Use & pulley Go. S..
with one-half inch rope twelve feet
long. with a hook.
Bore one inch hole through the post
both ways to insert Il one inch rod,
with a crank 90. y which can be
changed as desired, to hang on 8, /,
. or 6. No. is a one-half inch rope
to hold the swinging liar down. This
rope can he moved when the swinging
bar is wanted over the other crossbar.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
EXHIBIT WON
AZ MEDALS.
TRIUMPH FOR MARYLAND 5
MINERAL RESOURCES.
Three are Grand Prizes Award
ed to State Exhibit-Coal
and Bricks-O fl cial An.
nouncement Much Delayed.

DR.. William Bullock CLARK.
head of the Maryland Geological
Survey. has announced that the
exhibit of Maryland's mineral
resources prepared by the survey
for the Worlds Fair at st. Louis,
has been awarded the distinctive
honor of grand prize for the
best collective State mineral ex
hibit, a grand prize for an indi-
vidual exhibitor Mary land coal,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
GARDENING NOTIONS.
MIR. Greiner Talks About Handling
Onion CHAT and Winter Onions.


Some time ago one of the large onion
seed growers in California asked me
how best to utilize a lot of onion chaff
that seemed too rich to use for ordinary
crops where irrigation is not practiced
in a shortage of rainfall on account of
danger from burning. I'VE now have
a pile he says. which we are reduc-
ing with lime and water containing
over 1,200 cubic yards" AS the in
quirer also had a big lot of stable and
poultry manure the problem seemed to
me of easy solution. Whenever a gar
dener has a lot of miscellaneous bulky
materials, whether it be onion chaff
or any other claff and weeds and all
sorts Of rubbish. everything of this
description can 70 on the compost heap.
The bottom may be formed of the
coarSest Of the stable manure, then tie
rest may he added in alternate layers.
If too dry water or liquid dipped up
from the barnyard may be added until
the whole heap is uniformly damp, but
not wet. for we desire to have the pile
get warm by fermentation. 1t may be
forked over several times 50 that all
these various materials will become
thoroughly mixed and finally become
well rotted and of even texture and
quality Then this compost is aood
for any crop to which one may wish
to apply it. 1t is safe and usually very
effective
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

A society woman at dinner /
Washington adverted to cruelty.
women can be very cruel she said
"Some of them can be very cunnin
too. Some of them can wound you s.
deXtrously that before you know Vol
have been wounded their escape i
made
"Once l saw a young woman wount
Il slightly oder one in that way. Sht
approached the older one at ball
she greeted her with a radiant smile
She inflicted her wound, and while be-
victim still thought the wound Il COM
pliment she walked away This
what, in very loud. clear voice, SID
said:
"'Oh, Helen. dear, that perfe1
gown. l think it looks lovelier eve1
GEAR louisville Courier-Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
Immunity From Disease.


What is meant by the word
immunity? Immunity against a
disease is a particular state of
an organism which renders it re
fractory to thai diSease-the state
Of soldier who is protected
against the blows of an enemy
by an invulnerable breaStplate.
1t may be either natural or ac
quired. Certain animals. you
know, are naturally protected
against the venom of serpentS.
My experiments IN connection
with cholera in 1884 showed that
the guinea pig possesses natural
immunity against the effects of
opium and morphine. Similarly
the goat possesses natural i'm
munity against tuberculosis. Now,
it is a remarkable fact that it is
possible to confer immunity not
only against chemical poiSOnS,
such as arsenic. but against the
venom of SerpentS or against Ger
tain infectious diseases. Man and
the rabbit can by progressive use
take doses of arsenic which would
! kill person or animal unaccuS.
toned to the poison. Snake
charmers in India know this sci
entitic fact and apply 1t. Cal
mette obtained his anti.venom
serum by vacciuating horses with
increasingly strong doses of cobra
poison. The vaccine virus of
COW pox gives man immunity
against small pOx for several
years. Successive injection $
increasing III strength, Of DIS
tours vaccine against anthrax
immunize sheep for about a year.
Acquired immunity, therefore,
is the state of an organism natu-
rally sensitive to poison, venom,
or virus, which has been vacci
mated either by successive harm
less doses of the poison in ques-
ton, or by a first non-fatal attack
of disease. In other words,
vaccination is only preventive. it
is only ef1icacious in bestowing
immunity before an attack by dis
ease.
Behring's great discovery of
the properties of the serum of
immunized animals opened up a
fresh field in therapeutics-that
known as animal serotherapy-
which has been so beautifully
applied by Roux in the treatment
of diphtheria, by Nocard in the
preventive treatment of tetanus,
and by Calmette, in the treatment
of persons bitten by venomous
serpents. Serums of animals i'm.
munized by effective vaccina-
ton have the curious property of
rendering-by single injection
of few cubic centImeters-the
humOrS and cells of a sick person
refractory to the noxiOus action
OF the disease from which he is
suffering. In the case of diph
liberia and serpent bites, the
anti diphtheria Serums of Roux
aud Behring and the anti venom
discovered by Calmette arrest tue
effects of the poison Immediately.
In lock jaw, Nocard's serum does
not act with certainty unless it
is administered between the dates
of probable infection and the
manifestation of tetanic symp-
toms.
Vaccination, therefore. bestowS
immunity slowly and its effect
last for several years, while sero-
therapy produces almost instanta-
neous immunity but short in its
duration. -InterUieao Vith DR.. n.
DOyen in the March BoOkloUerS'
Magazine.
DR.. VIM. @. Boteler
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

another was given to the Ny.
draulic Pressed Brick Company,
of Washington, for bricks made
Of Maryland clay.
OF the gold medals awarded.
one was given to DR.. Clark as
Director Of the exhibit. one to
the Worlds Fair Commission for
its exhibit of building stones.
and one each to the Maryland
Geological Survey publications.
Silver medals were awarded to
DR.. b. B. Matthews. DR.. Harry
Fielding Reid aud Mr.. A. n.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

johnson as collaborators in the
preparation of the State exhibit.
The other medals were awarded
to manufacturing firms of the
State, the full list being as fol,
lows:
GRAND PRIZES.
State of Maryland, collective
mineral exhibit.
Consolidation Coal Company,
Baltimore, coal.
Hydraulic Pressed Brick Com
pany. Washington. brick of Mary
land clay.
GOLD MEDALS.
Maryland Geological Survey,
publications.
Maryland Geological Survey,
maps, sections, transparencies,
etc.
Maryland Geological Survey,
clay and clay products.
Maryland Geological Survey,
Highway Division. road mater
ialS.
William Bullock Clark, Di
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
A HOG RANGER.

Designed TO Accommodate ANY Num-
ber of Animals From One tn Four.
! have seen several Illustrations of
hog hangers in the Farmer, but only
for a single animal. l send a sketch
of a plan for hanging any number
from one to four, says an Ohio Farmer
correspondent Set up post 6 by 6
inches Nos. / and in the cut repre-
sent a swinging device at the top of
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
DR.. VIM. @. Boteler

Limits his practice to diseases of the
Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat and Catarrah.
Permanently located in Frederick.
Office, over Citizens Bank South East
corner Patrick and Market streets.
Guarantees the proper adjustment OF
all Spectacles. Makes no charge for
spectacle examinations.
Ian. q. 1902
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
GENERAL BLACK A FIGHTER.
The Next Pension Commissioner and
His Civil War Record.

General John c.. Black of Illinois,
who is to succeed Eugene +. Ware as
United States pension commissioner,
has Il fine war record and has been a
dashing figure in public life. He is
very popular in the Grand Army of the
Republic and was recently commander
in chief of the order General Black
was born in Mississippi in 1899, but
his family removed to Illinois when
he was boy. and he was educated at
Dansville, in that state. and at Wabash
college Charlottesville, Ind. When the
civil war broke out he enlisted in the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

rector Maryland mineral exhibit.
Maryland's Worlds Fair Com
mission, building stones.
Muirkirk Furnace, Muirkirk,
MARYLAND. iron ores and ordnance
products.
Georges Creek Coal and Iron
Company, Baltimore, coal.
SILVER MEDALS.
E. b Matthews.
II. f. Reid.
A. n. Johnson.
Albert Weber, Baltim ore,
granite
j. II. G. Watts, Belair. Mary
land, serpentine.
Washington Junction Stone
Company, Point of Rocks, marble
aud sand stone.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
Both of High and Mighty Wa

Miss Woodby-My great-granlmotl
on my mothers side was noted for
proud and imperious bearing. NJ
Newitt-Indeed? Our servant girl'st
same way. - Catholic Standard al
Times
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

Andrew Ramsay, Mt. Savage,
enamel brick.
II p. Rieger 4 Co, Baltimore,
granite.
Union Mining Company, Mount
Savage. fire brick.
Seneca Stone Company, Balti-
more. sand stone.
Iron ores from Alleganey
County.
Iron ores from Prince Georges
County.
NJ. j. Grove Lime Company,
Lime Kiln, lime.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
on Her Guard.

Mary-Have you any idea how old
Jane is? Ann-,5he must be getting OF.
| know that she always locks her door
before she washes her Brooklyn
Life.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

Lady-Oh, that biz dog isn't the one
I advertised for My dog was little
fox terrier Boy-Yes'm. Your dogs
inside o dis onel-Puck
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17

There are men who finally consent
go to work when they can't make
living in any other way.-Philadelpl
Record.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1905-03-17
Winter BUNCH Onions.

From the appearance of my patches
Of White Portugal and other onions,
seed of which was sown in open ground
last summer and early fall, conclude
that many of the plants from seed
sown Aug. will go to seed early next
season. Those from seed sown in the
latter part Of August are not quite so
large as | would wish. Perhaps they
will winter all right and in that case
will make bunch onions a trifle later,
but give me a smaller proportion Of
boiling plants. Still | do use even the
latter, pulling up the plants for bunch
ing just as soon as the seed stalk
shows. The question of seed is still a
puzzling one to me. Either the seed,
then going into its second year, had
already lost much of its vitality or the
season is less favorable for germina-
ton. In short, it seems a hard task
to secure as full stand as l desire to
have, even when sowing seed very
thickly, over twenty pounds to the
acre.-T. Greiner in Farm and Fireside.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-06-15

The cold storage OF fruit is os yet
in its infancy. Il is said that The
amount stored a year ago was about
3O0O.000 barrels. This IL less than
onetenth Of the apples produced. 70
say nothing OF pears and other fruits.
or the total amount OF f-uit produced
last year it may safely be asserted
that a very large part rotted. as is the
case every year. Probably far mors
rotted than was stored. The people
pay for this rotten fruit by paying
larger price for what remains. In
other words. the people pay for this
rotten fruit but do not get II. What
Is true in the case Of fruit is true also
Of vegetables. A certain amount OF
rot has to be calculated on by the mid.
dlemen who handle fruit and vegela.
bles and the retailer Of the fruit and
vegetables also makes further
charge on account OF rot. The science
os handling fruit to preserve It Is one
that is receiving much attention and
pre- gress Is being made.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-06-15


Physicians Of skin ana standinr
have been saylns lately that life in
open air under certain restrictions
which seek to avoid undue hardship
IS q cure for all diseases and that the
reason for all diseases Is to be found IN
tac habit Of staving too much under
cover and too little in the open
The truth OF that is manifest to an
who think. Indians and other dwell
ers In the open begin to sufier from
pulmonary troubles. pneumonia. con.
sumption and all other horrors. only
when they are taken from their tepees
and made to live in the houses OF the
white man. Voyagers 10 the arctic re.
gions insist upon their men being out
in the exceedingly cold air large part
Of the time, and Nanse.. records that
no Illness was suffered hy his men dur
ihg all the time they dwelt ia the open.
Il was only when they returned 10 the
house that they began to suffer
from colds.
Every explorer or traveller In wild
countries reports remarkable freedom
from all sorts Of illness while in the
wilos The same is true Of the large
numbers Of men from a city who spend
q week or two IN the wilderness every
year, engaged in shooting OF fishing.
They fnd a renewed vitality that Is 10
be attributed simply y their having
lived out OF doors. Not only Do they
avoid all forms Of illness while out.
but they take on a renewed power to
resist the onslaught OF disease aftei
their return.
The reason for this requires no ex.
PLANTATION. Man for countless genera
tions dwelt in the open with no Gov
ering except a tent over his head or.
II he lived in cave. with nothing but
a skin at its entrance to prevent the
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-06-15

Experiments BY the Missouri Ag1
cultural College with 100 kinds
peach trees for five years show that
the peach crop in Missouri could be
greatly increased by a proper selec-
tion Of trees. Professor J. c. Written
who has conducted the experiments.
says gor commercial orchards the best
varieties are Mountain Rose, Crawford.
Elberta, Family Favorite and salway
For home use he recommends Connett
(scuthern Early. Thurber5 Lewis,
Carmen. Champion. Crosby and Gold
Drop. These varieties ripen in the or
der named and are hardy enough to
fiuit when others fail