davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Of Little Importance Now.

WASHINGTON, April 13.-The state
department made public today official
correspondence which disclOses the
fact that the Japanese government an
nounced to United States Minister
Griscom at Toxic February of last
wear the breaking of diplomatic rela-
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Senator Burton Aqain Indicted.

ST. LOUIS, April 13.-The federai
grand Jury today again indicted Unlteo
States Senator Burton of Kansas on
five counts. Three of five charges are
that he made an agreement WITH lhe
Rialto Grand & Security company TO
protect them from a postal 1nvestlga-
tion The other two are that he ac-
cepted money for these services.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
INDIANA BANK ROBBED.
Wife of the Banker Shot in the
Neck.

CHUMBUSCO, Ind, April 13.-SlX
masked burglars early this morning
dynamited the safe of Gandy's bank
and secured over $4,000. The family
were awakened by an explosion and
attempted to prevent the robbery. In
the shooting which followed MIS-
Candy. wife of the banker, was shot
in the neck. Her injuries are not fatal.
The robbers escaped.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
JEALOUS Wife
SHOOTS RIVAL
Tragedy at Cripple Greek,
Colorado, This Morning
SOCIETY WOMAN WAS THE VICTIM
Mrs. Helen Coulter Douglas Killed by
Mrs. Samuel Vidleck, Wife of
Newspaper Man.
CRIPPLE CREEK, April 13.-Mrs.

CRIPPLE CREEK, April 13-Mrs.
Samuel Vidleck, wife Of we'll known
newspaper man and chairman of the
republican county central committee.
shot Mrs. Helen Coulter Douglas. said
to be society woman of Colorado
Springs, through the heart in a room
at the National Hotel this morning.
1t is reported she found fler husband in
the room with the woman.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Methodists in Session.

COLUMBUS, Ga, April 13.-The Co
lumbus District Methodist conference
began it's annual meeting in st. Paurs
church today with a large attendance
of distinguished divines and lay men,
bers. The conference, which will be
in session several days, is presided
over by Bishop A. Coke Smith.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Another Postponement.

NEW YORK, April 13.-Argument
on the motion of counsel for Nan Pat-
etrson to inspect the minutes OF the
grand jury, which indicted the actress
as a co-conspirator with ]. Morgan
c,,itb and wife. was adjourned today
bv Justice Foster until tomorrow
morning.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
BRITISH STEAMERS COUNT az
RUSSIAN WARSHIPS SAIL
ING NORTHWARD.
Not Likely That Naval Battle Will
Occur Before They Reach
Formosa Straits.

SINGAPORE, 13.-The steamer
Nubia reported this morning that at
noon Tuesday she passed a Russian
fleet of not fewer than AZ vessels in
latitude eight degrees north, longitude
ing north at the rate of nine knots an
hour, presumably bound for Saigon.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Captain Dismissed From Army.

WASHINGTON, April 13.-The court
martial i'm the case of Captain George
w. Kirkman, of the Twenty-fiftn In
fantry, at Fort Niobara, Neb, sentenc-
ed him to dismissal from the army.
The principal charge against Kirkman
was his relations with the wife of
fellow officer. The woman recently
committed suicide.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
The Report Confirmed.

HONG KONG, April 13.-The British
cruiser Ippegenia today telegraphed
the naval authorities by wireless tnat
she passed AZ Russian warsnips 14O
miles south of Saigon. The fleet was
headed north. Two Japanese warships
passed Cape Rock, Hong Kong, Tues
day night going south at full speed.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Russian Army Reinforced

PARIS, April 13.-Captain Rode.
French attache with the Manchurian
army, reports that the Russian army
has been reinforced and is now ready
to renew the battle. He says the jap
anese advance guard is barely ten
miles away and frequent cavalry
SkirmiSheS occur.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Russian Fleet CoaIinu.

LONDON, April 13.-News has been
received here that the Russian fleet
was engaged yesterday in coaling off
Natuna islands, 125 miles northeast of
the Anambas group.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Plenty Of Coal at SAIGON.

PARIS, April 13.-Herr Bekel, a
Russian agent, has, according to dis
patches from st. Petersburg, collect
ed 10000 tons of coal at Saigon and
$4,000 tons at Shanghai to use on the
Russian fleet
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
President of Women's Council.

WASHINGTON, April 13.-Mrs.
Mary Wood Swift of San Francisco,
was today elected president of the ma
tiOnal council of women now IN seS-
sion here. Mrs Belinda S. Bailey. OF
San Francisco was elected correspond
ing secretary
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Asks for New Attaches,

WASHINGTON, April 13.-Tne war
department has asked the Russian
government to grant permission to re-
place the two officers of the United
at Mukden.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Russian Hospital Ship at Saigon.

SAIGON, April 13.-Admiral Rojest-
venskys hospital ship arrived here last
medicines. 1t will leave tomorrow to
rejoin the main squadron.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Presidents Starts for Colorado.

FORT WORTH, Texas April 13.-
The presidents special started for
Frederick, Okla, at 10 this morning
According to the schedule the train
will leave for Colorado with the pres
ident's party at $3.50 tonight.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Earthquake Casualties Growing.

SIMLA, April 13.-Further reports
from the outlying districts state tnat
the recent earthquake caused 400
deaths in the state of Mandi. Many
hundreds were killed in the Sultanpur
district.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Watching the Hostile Fleets.

WASHINGTON, April 13.-The navy
department has been advised that the
cruiser Raleigh sailed from Labuian,
Borneo, for Cuyo, Philippines. The
Raleigh is watching the movements
of hostile fleets. 1t has evidently been
informed of the departure of the Rus
sian fleet northward.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
PASSENGER TRAIN DERAILED.
Several Persons Were Injured, None
Killed.

VICKSBURG, April 13.-The Illinois
Central passenger train jumped the
track near Hardee at 12:30 this morn
ing and plunged down an embankment.
Several passengers and members of
the crew were injured, but none Is
reported killed.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Seven Prisoners Escape.

CLARKSBURG, Va. April 10
Seven prisoners in the county Jaii at
Weston blew up portion of the struc-
tura with nitro-glycerine early THIS
manning and escaped. Bloodhounds
are in pursuit.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13

overruled and he must now defend the
title. Several indictments were nolled
but large majority of the indicted
persons, So in all, will face a jury in
thte United States court next week.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Lost Fortune Fighting Standard Oil

MARIETTA, o., April 13-Ihe VIII
of the late George Rice. who spent
life time fighting the Standard on, mas
beep probated here. The entire es-
tate is valued at only $10.OO0. he was
formerly a wealthy man.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
German Collier Released.

SINGAPORE, April 13.-The Ger
man collier Hindoo, which was refused
clearance papers yesterday, was re-
leased today. Tine vessel left port
heading for Saigon.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
IIIino;s Hits Standard Oil.

SPRINGFIELD, April 13.-The house
today nassed to the third reading Dill
making all pipe lines common carriers
and giving the railroad commissioners
mower to fix rates.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13

tions with Russia and assured him
a formal declaration of war had been
made, but fighting actually began
February S.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
Russians Dislodge Japanese.

ST. PETERSBURG, April 13.-Gen-
eral Linevitch reports that the Rus
slams dislodged the Japanese from
their position at nanchinasia April II
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1905-04-13
The Chicago Grain Market.

CHICAGO, April 13.-July wheat,
s1.15k corn. 4S5s @4s: oats,
30A @301s.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
THE SITUATION IN RUSSIA.

1t begins to look as though the reac-
tionaries were gaining the upper hand
and that violent repressive measures
are about &c be ~inaugurated, in which
event there is no telling what the re-
suit will be.
Authority has been given the gov
ernors of districts and provinces to pro-
claim a state of siege, or if they deem
it necessary, martial law. This step has
struck terror into the hearts of the Rus
slams, as they know what it means in
the hands of the rea~ctionary officials.
Bloody collisions are reported to have
occurred on the streets of Riga, during
which. machine guns were used with
terrible effect.
Foreign Minister Lamsdorff, while
not unduly optimistic, expresses the
opinion that the political situation and
outlook is improving.
The emperor is going to Moscow to
proclaim the constitution from the
Kremlin.
The outbreak in the army in Man
churia is now attributed to failure to
pay and properly feed the troops.
Reports from the interior of Russia
indicate that the country generally re-
mains at the boiling point, ready to
slop over on the slightest preteXt.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
THE WEEKS NEWS
TERSELY OUTLINED
An Epitome of the Most Important
Events at Home and Abroad
the Past Week.
NORTH, EAST, WEST, SOUTH.
What Congress is Doing, Together
With Latest Developments in the
Internal in Russia, ana
Items Culled from Important Hap
penings All Over the World.
CONGRESSIONAL NOTES.

Mr.. Frederick Lands, of Indiana
took his insurance bill as a text for his
maiden speech in the house, command
ing close ~atteition and eliciting gener-
Gus applause. He was accorded a re-
ception on the floor when he had con-
cluded.
The senate finGs the case of Senator
Burton, of Kansas, a delicate one, and
is handling it with gloves on.
The senate passed the Panama ana
emergency appropriation bill, but not
until several senator's had expressed the
opinion that the salaries paid to the
executive heads were entirely too large.
Representative Morrill,, Of Pennsyl-
vania, chairman of the house commit
tee on militia, has introduced a resolu-
ton in the house providing for the re-
establishment of the army canteen.
There is bad blood between John
Sharp Williams, leader of the minority
i'll the house, and Messrs. Lamar, OF
Florida, and Shackleford, of Missouri,
in relation 10 committee assignments.
1t resulted in a long and Acrimonious
tilt on the floor, in which the two lat
ter hurled defiance at the leader, Mr..
S~hackleford going so far as to decline
to be further led by the gentleman from
Mississippi.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
SCHOOL CHILDREN PROTEST
Petition the Secretary of the Navy
to Not Destroy the Old Battle
ship Constitution.

st. Louis, Dec. 19.-The following pc
tition, signed by some $50 students OF
the Rock Springs school, has been for.
warded to Charles j. Bonaparte, secre-
tary of the navy:
Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, Secre-
tary of the Navy, Washington, d. c.
Dear Sir: The undersigned boys and
girls, pupils of the Rock Springs
school at st. Louis, Mo-, hereby pro-
test against the destruction of Our
glorious ~battleship, old Ironside.' Pa
triotism being largely a matter of sen-
timent, we feel that it's breaking up
would be al irreparable loss to the
country, and we petition most earnest
ly for the restoration of the old ship
and it's preservation as a Ource of in
~spiration to the patriotic people of
America for all time to come.
I'VE beg the honorable secretary's
consideration of III petition"
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
ARMENIANS BURN AND KILL
Burn Three Hundred Houses In Nus
selmen Quarters at Tifis, and
Shot DOdwn

COnstantinople, Dec. 19.-The latest
dispatch received from Tifis, eau
casia, says that 300 houses in the Mus
sulman quarter were set on fire by
armed ~Armenians, who prevented the
inmates from leaving, and fired on the
firemen who attempted to extinguish
the flames.
The total number of Mussulmans
killed is not yet ascertained, but 81
Turkish subjects are known to have
persisted. The fighting was c%ontinu-
ing December II when the telegram
was forwarded and the Turkish consul
late was overcrowded with refugees.
A telegram of the same date from
Batoum, Caucasia, reports a continu-
ance of the disorders there. Great
fears of a massacre prevailed in the
Mussulman community.
The government transport, Ismin,
has left COnstantinople for Batoum to
take off the Turks.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
PEARY WANTED OPTlMlSTS,
Once Had a Man with Him Who.
Was a Cynic and No
Mistake.

Gen. Thomas Ii. Hubbard was talking
in New York about the advertisement Tor
an optimistic surgeon that Lieut.. Peary
inserted in the papers before the depart
ure of his expedition.
Gen. Hubbard subscribed $40, 900 to the
expedition. Therefore, it is easy to see
that he has a profound interest in it, says
the New York Tribune.
"Peary in his advertisement was right"
he said. 1T is as ncedful that the ex-
petitions physician be a CHEEKY optimist
as that he be a practical surgeon. OPP
timism and good spirits go far in a voy-
age like this one. Perhaps it is because
there has not been enough optimism and
good cheer among men IN the past that
the north pole has no: been found.
When it is found, an optimist, com
handing a band Of optimists, will find
it, and there will be no such cynic in
that I~esolute and successful crew as the
one who sailed with Peary on an earlier
expedition.
"He was indeed a cynic. Let me give
you an example of his disposition. With
Peary one glorious night he paced the
deck. Pointing to the sky, ablaze with
splendid planets, Peary said:
"tIsn't that a beautiful starr
The cynic with a grunt replied:
Ibid you ever see an ugly one?'"
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
m, y Lives Lost
THE SENATE COMMITTEES
Names of the Chairman of the Vari-
Gus Committees of the Upper
House of Congress.

Washington, Dec. 19.-FollOwing ar
the chairmen of senate standing com
mittees:
Appropriations, Allison; foreign re.
l~atiOns, Cullom; finance, Aldrich: judi
ciary, Clark WyO.); commerce. Frye;
interstate commerce, Elkins; military
affairs, Warren; naval affairs, Hale;
agriculture and forestry, Proctor; in
teroceanic canals, Willard; Indian af-
fairs, Clapp; post offices and post roads,
Penrose; Philippines, Lodge; privileges
and elections, Burrows; public build
ings and grounds, Scott; public lands,
Hansbrough; territories, Beverage;
rules, Spooner; education and labor,
Dolliver; Pacific islands and Porto Rico,
Foraker; District of Columbia, CALM
GER; printing, Plat; Cuban relations,
Burnham; immigration, Dillingham;;
pensions, McCumber; claims, Fulton;
manufactures, Hepburn; library, Wet
more; irrigation, Ankeny; census,
Long; audit and control of the contin-
gent expenses of the senate, Kean;
Canadian relations, Crane; civil service
and retrenchment, Perkins; coast and
insular survey, piles; coast defenses,
Knox; to examine the several branches
of the civil service, Buckley; enrolled
bills, Dryden; fisheries, Hopkins; In
dian depredatiOnS, Burkett; forest res
ervatiOns and the protection of game,
Brandegee; geological survey, Flint;
mines and mining, Dick; Mississippi
river and its tributaries, Nelson; or
ganization, conduct and expenditures of
the executive departments; Carter; Pa
cifc railroads, Alger; patents, Kit
redge; railroads, Alec; revision of the
laws of the United States, Depew;
transportation routes to the seaboard,
Gamble; university of the United States,
Hemenway; national banks, Nixon: to
investigate trespasses upon Indian
lands, Sutherland; standards, weights
and measures, SmOot; industrial expo
%sitiOns, Warner; engrOssed bills, Ber-
ry; to investigate the conditions of the
Potomac river front at Washington,
Frye; public health and national quar-
antine, Morgan. private land claims,
Teller; transportation and sale of meat
products, Daniel; woman suffrage, Ba-
con; five civilized tribes of Indians,
Tillman; additional accommodations for
the library of congress, Martin; revolu-
tionary claims, Clay; disposition of use
less papers in the executive depart
ments. Pettus; corporations organized
in the District of Columbia, McEnery.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
GENERAL NEWS ITEMS.

The workmen's council in st. Peters
burg succeeded in printing and circu
lating 100, 600 copies of its paper an
~nouncing that the government had de
clared a civil wal on the prOletaria
and saying that the challenge must b.
accepted. 1t declares that the throne
of the Romanoffs is tottering, and tina
another blow will settle it.
Land for the site of a new Hebrew
| college to centralize the various He
brew colleges throughout the country
has been purchased in Clifton, a suburb
of Cincinnati.
Samuel N. Hoffheimer, accused OF
s~windling the banking firm of S. w
Straus & Co., Chicago, out of $685. 900
has been held to the grand jury IN
bonds of 1925
The new federal grand jury in San
Francisco will pay special attention to
naturalization fraud cases.
President Joseph Smith and a party
of prominent MormOns went from Salt
Lake City, Utah, to South Royalton,
VT, to participate in the dedication OF
the monument erected to the memory
of the prophet Joseph Smith on the
spot where he was born.
John F. Stevens, chief engineer of the
Panama canal, says that the sanitary
conditions of the isthmus are good
enough for anyone who will live as
Clearly as at home.
President Roosevelt held an informal
reception at the White House in con-
nection with the celebration of the CEN
tennial of the establishment of the pub
lie schools of the District Of Columbia,
Imports of diamonds and other pre-
cious stones at the port of New York
for the present year have reached the
enormous total of $37, 0O0. OOJ.
Mrs. Margaret Hausdorf, of st. Louis.
acted the good samaritan to a stranger
during the Worlds fair. He proved to
be Hardie P. Smith, a Colorado mining
magnate, who died recently at Colora-
do Springs, and in his will left Mrs.
Hausdorf $4,000 worth of mining
stock.
James B. Oliver, president of the
Oliver Iron & Stel Co., died in Pitts
burg. Pa, after a four days illness
from pneumonia, aged 81 years.
The Kansas state board of railroad
commissioners decided to order a re-
duction of five per cent. in freight rates
on all classes of grain.
The international feet which has
been making a demonstration in Turk
ish waters has been recalled.
Theo. De Ecke, a p~athologist and ex-
pert in chemical research, died in Uti-
ca, N. Y. He was frequently employed
in making examinations to trace poi
son.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
United States Ambassador Never
Wants Guard for Americans
In Moscow.
OTHER NATIONS take STEPS TO
PROTECT CITIZENS FROM RIOTERS
nj Governing Powers In the "Re-
public" of KhnrvOf Turn on
Electricity i'm Houses of the Rich
and Declare War On the Thieves
who TerrOrize city.

st. Petersburg, Dec. 19.-FOreign ma
tions are taking steps to protect theil
citizens who are threatened by thu
riots and lawlessness in various dis
tricts of Russia.
United States Ambassador Meyer ha:
requested the authorities to place a
the disposal of the American consul a
Moscow protection for Americans in
case of an emergency.
The German government has char
tered several steamers to go to Riga
Libau and Reval to embark German
refugees. The first vessel left Stettir
for Riga, Monday.
Governing In kharwOH.
st. Petersburg, Dec. 19.-Details re
garding the way in which the so-called
republic of Kharwoff was established
have at last arrived.
The workmen's ~sOcialistic ~organiza-
lions, Joined by 800 troops, took pos
session of the city and, with the aid of
militia armed with spikes, revolvers
and axes, established a government or
federated council" as the executive
committee was called.
This council issued decree, which the
authorities were perfectly powerless 10
resist.
The council turned off the electricity
from the houses, OH the ground that it
only benefited the rich, while allowing
it to burn in the streets, where it bene-
flied the people, and declared war on
the thieves who have previously been
terrorizing the city.
When a robber was captured he was
placed under a trip hammer, with the
threat that it would be dropped unless
he revealed the whereabouts of the
booty. This usually was effective in
each case and the recovered plumber
was returned to its owners. Two no.
torious robbers were hanged in the
public square
Arrest of Leaders Continues.
st. Petersburg, Dec. 19.-The arrest
or leaders in the revolutionary move
ment continues. The announcement
was made Tuesday morning that over
200 persons h have taken a PROM
inent part in the movement are under
arrest in this city and in Moscow.
Baltic InsurrectfOn Spreading.
st. Petersburg, Dec. 19.-The latest
advices received here from points in
the Baltic provinces show that the in
surrection is still spreading. and it now
extends over practically the entire dis
trict.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23
LIVES LOST IN The DEEP
German Steamer Andes, With Crew
of II, Posted as Lost.
W~haleback Barge Bath, with Cnp-
tain, His Wife and Five Men,
Lost OF Cape Henry.

Newport News, Va, Dec. 19.-Tht
German steamer Andes is now As days
overdue from this port for Guanta
| Venezuela, and she has been posted in
Lloyd's register of shipping as lost
Since the Andes passed out of the Vir-
ginia capes on the morning of Sunday
October %, she has not been seen or
heard of.
1t is believed that the vessel N
countered a severe storm while pass
ing through the West Indies, aud that
she, with her master, Capt. MANI, and
the entire crew Of % went to The bot
tom.
Founders In storm, Eight Lives Lost
Newport News, Va, Dec. 19.-All
hope of finding the whaleback barge,
Bath, lost by the steamer Bayview OF
winter quarters light during a storm
last Friday night, has been given up,
as it is almost certain that the vessel
~foundered neal Cape Henry with Capt.
Mackensack, his wife and five chill
dren.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23

No such object-lesson in favor OF
abstinence from strong drink has been
furnished to the world as in the case
of the Japanese army in the late war.
The correspondent of a French paper,
who had exceptional opportunities for
observing the daily life OF the Japa-
nese soldiers at the front and in the
field OF action, dwells at length upon
the freedom of these men not only
from intemperance. but from other
vices which impair the fighting quail;
ties. He draws q sharp contrast be-
tween these conditions and those
which he found prevailing in the Rus
dan camps.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1905-12-23

Frequent and revolving abuse in the
American navy Of the manly art OF
sclf-defense" has aroused the indigna-
ton Of good people all over the Union.
Boxing in itself. when not INDUCED in
to excess, is a healthful form Of exer-
else and means Of diversion. But it
has been carried to an extreme in
naval circles. One of the leading fea-
lures of the late meeting, in New York
harbor, Of the warships of Britain and
America was the hot prize-1ghts be-
tween the champions Of the respective
fleets, affairs which were encouraged
and even observed by many Of the
officers.