davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
| THE 9I'AI[
Death by Fire at Watertown
Prairie Fires Corn
Worm
mprovements More Than Ex-
haust State Fair Funds
IIliterates Few

After completely demolishing the
vault and safe of the Bank Of Spring.
held cracksmen got away with 1920,
practically every cent in the bank.
They used nitroglycerin with such
effectiveness as to indicate they were
experts. The people heard two ex.
plosions, but 1t was only after the
second that any one was brave enough
te get out and rally the citizens to
action. Meanwhile the burglars had
made q getaway. Springfield is on
the Missouri river and the cracksmen
are Thought to have crossed into Ne.
braska. Before coming to Springfield
the men stole the team Of DR.. Green.
feld Of Avon, twenty miles away.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
Rifle shot Causes Fire.

According to reports there was fire
at the ranch Of William Waddell near
the Moreau river which resulted In the
burning OF a number OF barns and
sheds. The Are is said to have been
caused by a shot from "a small rifle
which was fired by Waddell in an at
tempt to kill q snake lying Al the
manger.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
New Agent 1t Rosebud.

The president has appointed Edward
3. Kelley Of South Dakota TO be agent
ct the Rosebud Indian agency 10 sue
csed Charles p. McChesnsy, who has
been appointed special agent Of the
Indian bureau. The appointment Of
Mr.. Kelley and the transfer OF Mr..
NcChesney ends an interesting fight
that has been In progress for several
months. the South Dakota delegation
taking stand last winter against the
feappointment Of Mr.. NcC Chssnsy ~
agent at Rosebud.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13

2. 4. uamuay u prss1usnt ana ]. o.
Mills cashier.
The only clues found seem to indi.
cate that the burglars are the same
that robbed the Clifford bank last fall.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13

siso !! NTH Pa oTA ~ MIX RoHHED.

Cracksmen 0btain ThlFt Ivs tisindrsdi
Dollars at Hsnssi.
tlnd Forks N. D.s Oct. 81 -
- funds ~ ths State Hank 81 Hensoas
Pembina countJ 80 stolen early in|
the orning crac cksr1e More
than 800 VS. sscnrsd. ana checks
md notas alsed u : much lareer
I amount we're tom md sc1ttersd ~
~ 4plosion ThS robbers took meth.
LIT but cash; IS0 ins liver and 10
Under in irrenss
sss henls q pst llzed l1Ao1 4.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
Paid 10000 to be Solid With
The Dominant
Party
Also Paid $3.50 per Day TO
Buy Lunches for
Clerks

New York, Dot. 1o.--Walter r. Gil
lstte, vice president Of the Mutual Life
Insurance company, testified before
the legislative insurance investigating
committee that the Mutual Life Insur-
ance company contributed $4,000 to
the Republican national oommittee's
campaign fund in the last election In
1904.
Vice President Gillette also stated
that the Mutual Life Insurance com
pany contributed $4,000 to the Re-
publican national committee in 1900
and $4,000 in 1896.
He justified these contributions on
the same ground as did President John
A. Mccall of the New York Life Insur-
ance company, saying that the st.
Louis platform of the Democratic party
and the free silver issue were menace
to the policyholders. DR.. Gillette said
he authorized these expenditures after
consultation with the president, vice
presidents and some members Of the
board of trustees Of the Mutual Life
Insurance company. The campaign
contributions, DR.. Gillette said, came
from the fund controlled by the COM
mittee on expenditures.
DIR. Gillette also testified that the
Mutual Life paid 372,S61 last year for
/ Sluncheons for its clerical force In this
city. This was at the rate Of almost
$3.50 q day.
DR.. Gillette said the legal expenses
of the Mutual Life for 1904 were re-
ported at $384,Oo0, while those Of the
New York Life Insurance company
were $172,0O0 and those Of the EQuita-
BILE $204,000. DR.. Gillette said he never
inquired into the reason Of the Mutual.
Lies legal expenses being so much
greater than the two other companies
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13

ROOM WANTED-H Heated room with
bath. Address Box "A, City
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
Monday, Oct. 8.

~ Monoayy OcS. 3.
Disastrous forest fires are raging
near Santa Barbara, Cal.
me president mas appointed w. v.
Wilcox of Iowa to be pension agent at
Des Moines. &.
Professor Baron Ferdinand Won
Richthofen, the distinguished geogra-
pher, Is dead at Berlin. He was horn
Ia 1893.
It is said Charles NJ. schwab will be-
come resident Of Nevada in order to
try to become United States senator
from that state.
The Venezuelan government has or.
dered from the Crusot works (France)
thirty batteries of field artillery end
twelve batteries Of mountain guns.
The steamer st. Louis, from Liver.
pool for New York, had on board
$1,700,000 in gold consigned prin-
cipally to the National City bank Of
New York city.
Tuesday, Oct. 10.
Ex-C Congressman Jerry SIMPSONS
condition shows slight change for the
worse.
Judge Joseph s. Daley, ex-judge Of
the supreme court of Indiana, Is dead
Of apoplexy. He was fifty-nine years
old.
The supreme court of the United
States convened Monday for the term
Of 1905 and 1906 with all the members
present.
During desperate encounter with q
burglar who had entered her bed chan-
Der Mrs. Ella Hale Of Omaha shot and
wounded the thief.
The names of John Greenleaf Whit
tier and James Russell Lowell have
been chosen to be inscribed In the hall
of fame of the New York university.
This week will mark the close Of the
Portland exposition after successful!
career not anticipated by even the
most enthusiastic supporters Of the
project.
Wednesday, Oct. Ill.
Gebhard Wilrich Of wisconsin has
been appointed American consul at st.
John, N. b. s #
The Presbyterian synod Of the state
OF Wisconsin met at La Crosse Tues
day with ITO delegates In attendance.
Cooper Exchange bank Of New York
city, a state institution on the East
Side. has been closed by order Of the
state banking department.
William r. Hearst has made public
q letter accepting the Municipal Own
sership leagues recent tender of a
nomination for mayor Of New York.
Admiral saso, Japanese inspector
general Of naval construction, Is dead.
His death is deeply lamented in naval
circles as q heavy loss to the nation.
DR.. Abisha s. Hudson Of Mount Yer
non, O., eightyrsix years old, choked to
death on a fig. He founded Keokuk
Medical college and contributed much
to medical science. ISL
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
NEWS CONVERSATIONS
Thursday, oct. 5.

thursday, Oct. B.
The army strength In Hawaii ia TO
be increased from two companies to 4
battalion Of infantry.
The dock laborers 1t Cronstadt,
Russia, have again struck for more
wages and shorter hours. Work on
all the foreign ships is at standstill.
Miss Kathryn Kidder, who has long
been q star on the dramatic stage,
has been quietly married to Louis K.
Anspacher, Phi. D.. Of Columbia uni
vsrsity.
Charles r. Murphy, leader Of Tam
many Hall. says that strong munic-
tpal ownership plank would be insert
ed In the Democratic county platform
this fall.
Frank Hope, fifty-nine years old,
who has served thirty-nine years be.
hind the bars, pleaded guilty at Chi.
cago to charge of swindling and was
sentenced to the penitentiary for ten
years.
Friday, ost. s.
/ Senior Carlos Walker Martinez. an
eminent politician and leader of the
Conservative party, is dead at San.
tiago, Chile.
Professor Behring of Paris, the dis.
coverer of the anti-diphtheria serum,
announces that he has found cure
for tuberculosis.
Another day has passed without d
new case of cholera in Germany and
the cholera detention hospitals nave
only q few conyalescent patients.
An operation for appendicitis was
/ performed Thursday on August Bel.
mont, the New York banker. The
operation was reported by the oficiat.
ing surgeons to have been entirely
successful.
Two hundred men, composing 80
per cent of the switchmen employed
by the Grand Trunk railway between
/ Chicago and the Canadian border, may
be called out on strike within twenty.
four hours.
Saturday, Oct. 7.
A home for foundlings, with infant
incubators, will be erected by John D..
Rockefeller for the Cleveland Humane
society.
Henry H. shedd, former speaker OF
the Nebraska house, and lieutenant
governor for four years, died at Ash
land, Neb., Friday night.
Government reports show that at
least 200 natives and 25 Americans
and foreigners were killed In the re.
cent storm in the Philippines.
It is announced on behalf Of the
New York section Of the Social Demo.
cratic party that the late Mrs. q. D.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
Bride Of TWO Wssks suIsIdss.

Mrs. w. r. Lawrence, nineteen
years old, the wife Of . middle sgod
wealthy cattle buyer Of Yankton. COM
mitted suicide by taking poison. The
couple were married two weeks ago
after three weeks acquaintance, dur
Ing which time the girl was q domes-
tic In the family Of Mr.. Lawrence. who
has children Of her age. The children
resented the marriage bitterly.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
Danger From Prairie Flrss.

BY q prairie fire twenty-five miles
south vast Of Miller q. w. Collins lost
300 bushels OF wheat and q lot Of hay.
Considerable grazing land was burned
over. The lack Of help during the sea-
son caused many firebreaks to be aban-
3doned and neglected. They are now q
mass Of weeds and with the big growth
Of grass and vegetation on the ground
every, where there il great danger this
fall OF destructive fires. Fires are set
by railway engines, by threshing en-
zines and by travellers who stop and
eeok . meal on the prairie roadside.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1905-10-13
Small Percentage of IIIItsrates.

The figures in the census ONCE show
that out Of the total population Of the
state 8 ,941 people over ten years OF
age were returned as illiterate. Be
sides these 4,402 were returned with
the notation unknown" In the literary
column. The total returned as in the
llliterate class would be 1.2 per cent Of
the whole population. But Suparin-
tendent Robinson classes one-half Of
the unknown with these and shows the
illiteracy to be 1.9 per cent. OF those
returned as illiterate 1882 were males
and 1853 females. The illliteracy Is
principally among the older people,
only 954 being returned as such be-
tween the ages of ten and seventeen.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
OBITUARY.

Florence Cordelia Said was
born in Nebraska, July 2, 1885,
was married to j. w. Swick, Octo-
Der 2, 1904. She has been church
member since she was II years old,
at the time of her death she was
a member of the Free Baptist
church.
She leaves husband and an in
FAINT daughter, age % days, father,
mother and five brothers.
Gently, dear Savior, now we bring
The loved one death has called
his own;
With all our griefs to Thee we
cling,
For unto Thee our griefs are known
Thy way is best; and tho we weep
We would not break this cain
repose;
Thou givest Thy beloved sleep
And Thou hast willed these eyes
should close.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
North Side News.

Mrs. Harry Plato and Mrs. C..
Plato returned last week from
Portland.
DR.. Desmond of the hospital Wis
tied in Spokane last week.
Miss Mary Dawson opened the
Northside school last Monday.
c. S. Curtis has rented a house
of w. T. McNear and moved his
family down last Friday for the
winter.
Stephen Shields and his mother,
Mrs. Belle Shields, came in from
Hillyard last Saturday to spend a
few weeks here.
The Ladies Aid Society of the
Presbyterian church met Wednes-
day afternoon with Mrs McNear
Mr. and Mrs. Peter Railway are
visiting points along the line be-
tween here and Spokane this week
VIM Dunning has moved his
family from his ranch to the lane
he recently bought of S. b. Wright
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
G. N. IMPROVEMENTS.
Trying to find a safe Route through
Kootenai Canyon.

The Great Northern has a party
of engineers in the canyon of the
Kootenai, east of Boomers Ferry,
seeking a safer route through that
portion that has been the scene of
so much death and destruction.
The work is difficult piece of
engineering. In places the walls OF
the canyon are almost perpendicu-
lar, while at other places the sides
slope back at a steep al gle and to
a great hight. The company has
had much trouble along this part
of the road. The two passenger
wrecks in each of which an engin-
Ger lost his life arc still fresh in
the minds of the public. Hundreds
of lives were in peril in each of
these wrecks. There have been
numerous narrow escapes from 9TH
er disasters, huge slides coming
down just ahead or just after the
passing of trains.
The Great Northern will try to
cut out these death traps. Just
what will be done can not be
determined until the engineers have
made a thorough investigation.
The change will probably require
the road to cross the river and con-
struct several tunnels. The cost
will be very expensive and require
the employment of large force Of
workmen.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
A Daylight Robbery.

Chinaman was held up Thursday
afternoon, in broad daylight, near
the river bank, between the ferry
and town. Two men seized him and
went through his pockets, but fail
ed to find the $50 he had on his
person. His cries attracted the at
tenfion of people standing on the
ferry approach. The men were
located in a saloon shortly after by
Marshal Sawyer. Judge Mutt gave
Dan Celvin, one of the men, GO
days, and Pat Frail, the other, sc
days.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

Ia the table given herewith will
be found the total assessed valua-
ton of the state by counties. The
total for the state is more than one
million dollars more than the fig
ures of last year. All parts of the
state show ahealthy gain in wealth.
Koetenai leads all the counties
in railroad wealth. The railroads
of Kootenai are assessed at 1920
.952.50. Bannock county comes
next with $1,17S,2 94.SO, or about
one-half.
The four leading counties of the
state are Ada, Nez Perez, Shoshone
and Kootenai, in the order named,
three of the four being in North
Idaho.
There has been a large increase
in patented lands. The action of
the state board OF equalization in
raising the assessment on land has
caused much comment. The first
reports of the boards action was
misleading. For instance, it was
given out that lands in Kootenai
county had been raised 25 per
cent. The facts are that Kootenai
county was raised from 1882 per
acre in 1904, to 1892 this year.
The assessor returned the land at
$2.10 per acre, but the actual raise
over last year was only 10 cents
per acre, or about 4 per cent, in
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

All manner of chances to win
premiums for fruit displays are
given by the Spokane Interstate
Fair this year. Eight hundred
dollars in premiums are offered for
the best general exhibit of green
fruit made by county, district or
individual. This money is divided
Sc as to give everybody a chance.
The exhibit scoring the highest will
receive prize of $50 in cash.
The exhibit scoring the second
highest wins 800, the third high
est wins $75 and the fourth $50.
This is not all. The exhibit which
is madeinithe best taste, design and
arrangement will be given SIS, the
second best $50, the third best $50
and the fourth best 500. Even this
is not all. $3.50 will be divided
among all.eNhibitors in this class
who have exhibits scoring 20 points
or more. This gives everybody q
chance to win something. Entries
an this class should be made by
Sept. 30 in order to secure space
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
Hollinger the Champion Shot.

T. J. Holliuger again carries
off the honOrs in the gun contest
at Standpoint. He made the best
score in the principle event, both
in the recent contest at Standpoint
and in the previous contest here
at Boomers Ferry. He had fifteen
straights to his credit at Standpoint,
when a dog got in line with the
bird, which threw him off for the
fourth score, but he still wound up
with II out of %. In this con-
nection it may be OF interest to
marksmen to note that the club
used Winchester Leader shells,
loaded by the Selby people OF San
Francisco, with Lahin-Rand Infal-
lible powder, rs grains, and the
Famous Trap load.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

You should be just .as partic-
ular about who fills your prescrip-
tons as you are who writes them.
We are making this line our leader,
and we are able to give you ,pufer
drugs and better prices than you
can get any place else. Jones,&
Bishop.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

Rev. a. r. Adams, Of the Alamo
Colony, receives the following en-
dOrsement of his home paper:
Durham, Mo-, Aug. pa. r. Adj
ans, "the silver-tongued orator"
addressed an immense audience at
this place last week, and will speak
at Hurdland Sunday. Elder Adams
was born and reared here, and be-
gan his ministry at Gilead, a few
miles from this place. Those who
know of his struggles to secure an
education and the almost unsur-
mountable difficulties that he over
came are proud of his success and
point the young men to him as an
example OF what young man can
do if he has "grit" aud "gumption. "
and that other necessary quality
sometimes called "stick-to-it. i've
ness" Elder Adams will leave
next week for his home.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
Special Rates East via o. R. & N.
Sept. 1917. Spokane 10

Chicago, III and return $64 90
St. Louis, Mo-, ard return 5000
St. Paul, NJ inn. and return $3.50
Omahs, Kansas City, Coun-
Gil Bluff, st. Joseph $3.50
Going limit ~ days. Final limit
80 days. Stopovers allowed in
either direction. Add $3.50 for
return through California.
Denver and return $500
GEO. J. MOHLER, q. A., Spokane,
Wash.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
Accountant or Cashier and Accountant

Wanted-Above position by a
competent man OF many years ex-
perience. First class testimonials
and OF irreproachable character.
For particulars at HERALD Office.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
G. H. FINROW & co.
Two 7DscEs South Of p o
Main Street Bonners Ferry.
NJ. A. Peterson, Mngr

The advertisement Of John A.
Walden, the Merchant Tailor, ap-
pears in TINS issue. Mr.. Walden
has established a reputation far
excellent workmanship.
Mrs. F. K. Bernard arrived
Thursday from Spokane, and will
remair for a couple of weeks. Mr..
and Mrs. Bernard's daughter is at
tending school in Spokane.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

Clothing, clethingl Mems cloth
ing, Boys clothing, made by the
famous Mayfeld Weolen Mills and
other high grade manufacturers.
Strictly stylish and up-to-date.
Look US over when in need of a
new fall Suit. HoLLINGERs.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
NEW
p
New GOodS

We carry a line of General
Merchandise, including Groceries,
Dry Goods, Clothing, Furnishing
Goods, Hats, Shoes and Notions,
and 'other lines too numerous to
mention.
0ur Goods are bought Right and
will be sold Right. Oar Stock is
New and Fresh. We can positively
Undersell all competitors. Come
I'm mnd see us and let US prove eur
assertions. We not emily have .
New Store and New Goods, but we
ARE in a position to quote you
New Prices
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
Card Of Thanks.

We desire to express our heart
felt thanks to our friends for the
Kindness shown us during the i'll
ness and at the death of our belov-
ed one. J. w. SwICK.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. SAID.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

Mr.. and Mrs. Alfred Gillon, o.
Round Prairie, were in toxin We'd
nesday.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
IDAHO GAINS
IN WEALTH
kootenai, the 4th County in Wealth, and First
in Railroad Assessment.

stead of IS per as given out, based
upon the assessors figures 1t may
be of interest to Kootenai county
taxpayers to know that lands in
KOotenai county enjoy the lowest
assessment of any county in the
state. 1T rs the only county below
1870. Other counties range from
1912 in Bannock, the next lowest
to S13.17 in Ada, the highest.
The total valuations of all coun-
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
D | r E c T O r E S
Churches.

DREsBYrE1I AN
Regular preaching services every alternate
sunday morning at 10 80, and same evening at
: 30. Sunday school at II 80 y. IN.
REV. g. 5. Wqf.S0N Pastor.
CATHOLIC
~ Regular services or theeth SWnduy 0fearh
month. Sunday school every Sunday at II sc
REV. FATHER Kelly. eastor.
nAETH0BIsT EqTsCoPII-
fvl Paradise valey-Euery ALTERNATE Szndny
ats:30 D. n Sunday ScbRg. every SUNDAY NJ
sl:D0 IN North 'Side--Every alternate sun
day at lies A. M. SUNDAY School every sunday
al iO0J r. IA. EEv. &. n. Il. ANDERSON,
Pastor.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
Railroads and Mails.

DAILWAY TIME CARD
n Great Northern RallwRy traiAs arrive bud
depart nh follows:
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09
Secret Societies.

ASOA3C--
wi BonneTs Ferry Lodge, Nos, a. r. & A.
H., hOlas sfated lneenings0n the last "Wednesday
evening OF the month on or before full moon.
sspjOuruiug Master Masons qualified are fra
ternally Invited TO visit
HExRY NELDnR, Secretary.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

1G0 acres of Meadow and Upland; will Gu
100 tons of hay. acres Of Orchard, gOoC
House well improved, l6 miles from Bonneri
Ferry.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

Now is the time to buy, while Prices are Low.
Boomers Ferry is growing and will continue to
in healthy climate. Or do you want to make
II good investment? Look over my Bargains in
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1905-09-09

nDD FNlOAs-
" Utophia Lodge, We &c, 10 C r.. meets
every saturday evening ats Oolnck Nisrting
brothers fraternallg invited. $ n. BAnM1N,
~. G. WN. VauGasken .Seci etary.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1905-12-03
COMMUNICATION
WITH RUSSIA
CUT OFF
Nothing Heard for ST. Petersburg
Since Morning Trouble Brew
Ing at Warsaw.
By Associated Press.

London. Dec. 2.-Up to midnight
London, Berlin, Copenhagen. Paris
and Stockholm were completely cut
OF from telegraphic communication
With St Petersburg.
Early this afternoon the Great
Northern Telegraph Company, which
has two routes 70 ST. Petersburg, an
rounced tast communication was en-
tirely severed.
The Associated Press is endCavOr-
ing TO get into communication with
the capital from Helsingfors. the near
est point 10 St. Petersburg, but finds
that route impossible by wire and
there is some doubt whether the wate-
is sufficiently free from ice to permit
crossing by boat 10 Helsingfors from
Russian ports
Tn snite of all efforts TO reach cor
respondents I'm any part Of Russia. es-
pecially the frontier points. nothing
has been received TO midnight and
the cable companies are unable 10
say what the prospects are Tor renew
al of communication.
Warsaw is the only point from
which Russian news has been receiy-
cd since morning and this is pracuCaL
.ly confined 10 events at Warsaw and
4 odz.