davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
PLANTS 90 lNTo MYSTERIES
Harsh Treatment Causes Them to
Act Like Highly Nervous
Human Beings.

According to an expert in the botanic
gardens at Washington, recent expert
ments there tend to confirm the theory
that plants are possessed Of nerves and
that some species are irritable and nery-
Gus to marked degree.
The genus nimosa comprises about 200
species and most Of these exhibit pc
culiarly irritable natures If touched or
handled In the wrong way. The mimosa
pudica the botanical name for the most
sensitive Of all plants, is 50 highly or
ganized that it is kept in state OF
neurasthenia most of the time. A puff
of wind, the tramping of heavy feet near
it, or the rude touch of the hand will
cause this plant literally to go into nerv-
GUS Mysteries 1t appears that the ex-
citing noise or commotion strikes the
nerves of the plant and causes it to close
up or droop its leaves Hundreds Of
sensitive plants have been diagnosed in
the botanic gardens and the observers
of the plants have traced the nerve cen
ters to their foundation.
In certain of the plants the ends Of the
nerves have been located. Thus, II
mimosa pudica is touched with ever SO
fine a point at the case Of pima or
along its axis, the most remote pair
Of leaves will shiver and begin to close.
Finally, when all the leaves have closed
the pima which has been touched will
droop. The shock has been so great
that the whole nervous system has been
temporarily disarranged. However,
like all nervous, irritable people. there
is a point beyond which fright reacts
and control of the system begins to
manifest itself If the sensitive plant
is shaken for some time 1t RECEIVERS from
its attack Of neurasthenia and some Of
the leaves will begin to open again.
Finally, it is said that the most sensi-
tive part of the plant is at the base Of
the secondary leaf stalks, where an inn
mense number of nervous corpuscles or
delicate tissues are located.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
For Sale

Nine lots, some improved and un-
ll9tf
r. NJ. SWAIN.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
RnIIara,s liorehound syrup.

Immediately relieves hoarse, croupy
cough, oppressed rattling, rasping and
difficult breathing. Henry G. Sterns,
Druggist, Shullsburg. Wis, writes,
May 20, 1901: 81 have been selling
Billiards. Horehound Syrup for two
years, and have never had a prepara-
tion that has given better satisfaction.
/ notice that when ] sell bottle they
come back for more / can honestly
recommend it, 25c, SOC, sl.0O. Sold
by Peoples Drug Store. DIV
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15

Cheap fares to the Vest, Northwest
South and Southwest, via the NJ, X.
& T. R'y. Second-class coloEist rates
will be in effect tickets on sale daily
March ! to May IS, and September Is
to October 81, 1906. to points in Cali
fornia, Arizona, New Mexico, Old
Mexico, Texas, Montana, Utah, Wash
ington and Oregon. II you are think
ing taking a trip, cali on 'Katy's"
agent for fun particulars
II. A. FARTHINe, Agent
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.
Rev. James r. Pershing, pastor.
Services every Sunday.
Sunday school 9:45 a. M, Mrs. r. M.
Swain, Superintendent.
Preaching, at IL a. m. and 800 p. M.
Junior Endeavor, 2:30 p. M.
Senior Endeayor 700 p. m.
Prayer meeting Wednesday evening
at 800 p. m.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
METHoDIsT CHURCH SOUTH.

METHODIST CHURCH SOUTH.
III. III. Watson, pastor.
Preaching HOO d. m. and 500 p. M.
Sunday school 10 a. M, D. B. Stuts-
man, superintendent.
Junior League 800 p. m.
Senior League 6:30p m.
Prayer meeting every Wednesday at
800 pm
All are cordially invited.
FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH.
Sunday school 9:45 a. m. W. M.
McCullom, superintendent.
Preaching at IL oclocka. M, and 800
D. M, each Sunday.
Prayer meeting, Wednesday even
ing.
Ladies' Aid, every Thursday even
ing.
Christian Endeavor meets Sunday
6:30 p. m.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
BAPTIST CHURCH.

A. G. Washburn, pastor
Preaching, morning at II o'clock;
evening, 500.
Sunday school at 10 a. m. I. M.
Smith, superintendent.
Junior Union, 2:30 p. m.
B. Y. P. u, $3.50 p. m.
Prayer meeting, Wednesday evening,
at 500 o'clock.
You are cordially invited to attend
all Of these services dlworship with
us.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
Comfort in That.

Jimmy-Aint yer vaccination healed
up yet2
Tommy Nav.
"Geei don't it make yer feel bad?"
sNawi the doctor told nom
mustn't take a bath tin it's all healed
up."-Louisyille Courier-JournaL
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
VINITA'S CHURCHES.
pREsBYTERIAN onURoH.
/. G. w. Snodgrass, pastor.

Rev. G. w. Snodgrass, pastor.
Preaching 11:OO a. m. and 500 p. M.
Sunday school 10 a. m. d. M. Mars,
superintendent.
Junior Christian Endeayor, 2:3O p.
M.
Christian Endeavor 7:15 p. m.
Prayer meeting Wednesday evening
~ 800 p. m.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15

CATHoLIC---CHURCH OF HOLY GHOST
Father Charles, pastor
Regular services first, second
and fourth Sundays in each MONTH:
1O:3O a. M High Mass and Sermon;
400 p. M, Rosary and Benediction.
On week days, Low Mass at a. m.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
First Published April z, 1905.
Warning Order.

In the United States Court at Yinita, in the
Northern District Of the indian Territory.
Eliza Dodson, Plaintiff,
vs. No. 2275.
Joseph b. Clark, Defendant.
The defendant Joseph B. Clark is hereby warned
to appear in this court within 80 days and
answer the complaint Of the plaintiff, Eliza
Dodson. -
Ordered at Vinita this 9th day of April 1905.
CHAS. A. DAVIDSON, Clerk.
Il. b. DAVIDSON, ID. G.
Wilson & Davis attorneys for plaintiff.
w. P Thompson, attorney Tor nonresident de-
andant.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1905-04-15
ST. Johns EPISCOPAL.

Rev. r. d. Baldwin, Rector.
Fifth Sunday in Lent.
Sunday School at 10 a. m. Robert
Lee, superintendent.
Morning prayer and sermon IL a. m.
Vested Choir.
Every one cordially invited.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
Cured Her Diabetes.

Halo, Ind, Feb. 27th.-(Special.1 y
If what will cure Diabetes will sure
any form of Kidney Disease, az 60
many physicians say, then Doxd's
Kidney Pills will cure any form OF
Kidney Disease. For Mrs. l.. G. Bow
ers of this place has proved that
Dodd's Kidney Pills will cure Dia-
betes.
1 had Diabetes" Mrs. Bowers says,
my teeth all became loose and part
Oh them came out. I passed a great
deal OF water with such burning sem
satlons l could hardly bear It. I lost
about 40 pounds in weight. 1 used
many medicines and doctored with
TWO local doctors but never got any
better till l started to use Dodds
Kidney Pills. They cured me so COM
pletely that in three years 1 have had
no return of the disease. I am
well woman now, thanks to Dodd's
Kidney Pills.
Dodd's Kidney Pills cure all kidney
ailments from Backache to Bright's
disease. Cure your Backache with
them and you will never have Bright's
disease, Diabetes or Rheumatism.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23

The vest pocket paddock is not d
lock which is designed to securely
guard the contents of the vest pocket,
but one which may be carried in the
vest pocket and used on a door which
is deficient in some good and reliable
fastening. There are said to be many
instances when such an implement
will serve the owner in good stead.
travelling men, for instance, are fire.
quently compelled to put up at infe-
rior hotels, where the proper atten-
ton Is not given to the details of the
establishment, and the matter of locks
and similar things, regarded as Of mi
nor import, are overlooked. Then,
again, the traveller is often compelled
In an emergency to put up with
room which is unsuited for the pur-
pose, with doors and windows I'M
guarded. Armed with q couple of the
devices referred to he can with little
trouble make himself secure against
the visits Of thieves. The apparatus
consists of a fiat steel strip, with one
end turned up and serrated, and a
small steel casting. For use the cast
Ing is slipped off the strip, the strip
is inserted in the door frame so that
its teeth enter the jamb, the door is
pushed shut firmly, forcing the teeth
far into the jamb, and the casting is
replaced on the strip and locked in
position by turning the thumbscrew.
With this device it is impossible, it is
said, for marauder to enter a room
without using sufficient force to tear
out section of the door jamb.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23

Punishment of MaIefactors In England
In Year 1868.

In Year 1868.
In the early days of public execu-
tons. 1t was no uncommon thing for
the condemned man to be hanged on
the scene of the crime, or even at his
home. Mr.. Pepys attended such a
spectacle on Jan. 81, 1868, for we read
the following entry in his diary:
up, and after sending my wife to
my Aunt Wright's to get place to
see Turner hanged, | to the Change,
and seeing people flock in the city, |
inquired and found that Turner was
rot yet hanged so l went among
them to Leadenhall street, at the end
of Lyme street, near where the rob-
berry was done, and to st. Mary Axe,
where he lived. And there got, for a
shilling, to stand upon the wheel Of a
cart, in great pain, above an hour be-
fore the execution was done, he delay
ing the time by long discourses and
prayers, one after another, in hopes
Of reprieve; but none came, and at
last was flung off the ladder In his
cloak. A comedy looking man he was,
and kept his countenance to the end.
was sorry to see him. 1t was believ-
ed there were at least IL or $4,000 geo
pie in the street"
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23

by its mother is one which Is a mat
ter of concern to parents. Children
are all prone to toss or roll and pain.
full accidents are often the result. A
great deal of gray matter has been ex.
pended in various means Of fastening
the youngsters in their beds, but such
schemes are frequently a source of
danger in themselves, particularly
when rope or cord is used.
A recent patent has for it's object
the accomplishment of the purpose in
simple manner, consisting of a bar
r1er of metal bars, which is supported
from the floor and fastened to the
frame OF the bed, forming a very SUBJ
stantial guard. The standards rest.
ing on the floor are clamped to the
bed rail and will adjust themselves ia
bed of any height. The guard rails
are secured to these standards toward
their ends and each rail consists of
two telescoping parts so as to adjust
themselves to a bed or crib of any
length.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
Improved Screwdriver.

The latest improvement in the way
OF screwdriver provides for a
monkey wrench attachment for use
when powerful pressure must be
brought to bear where it is desired to
remove screws which have become
securely imbedded in their places by
means of rust or other reasons. This
new implement is made with a square
shank OF rather stout proportions, and
this enables the workman to make
use of monkey wrench in conjunc-
ton with the screwdriver, and thus
the most firmly imbedded screw may
be easily dislodged.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
CUTICURA GROWS HAIR.
scalp Cleared of Dandruff and Hair
Restored by One Box of Cuticura
and Ono Cake of Cuticura
Soap.

"A. w. Taft of independence. Va.
writing under date of Sept. Is. 1904.
says: Il have had falling hair and
oandruff for twelve years and could
get nothing to help me. Finally I
oought one box of Cuticura Ointment
ana one cake of Cuticura Soap. and
they cleared my scalp of the dandruff
ana stopped the hair falling. Now
my hair is growing as well as ever
am hlghly pleased with Cuticura Soan
as toilet soap. (Signed) A. w. Taft
independence. Va"
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
Definition Of RAILWAY rioL.,

little schoolgirls definition of a
railroad ticket is worth repeating. In
composition written In one of the
Boston primaries on "a Railway Jour
ney' the little one says, among other
things: You have got to get ticket,
which is piece of paper, and you
give 1t to a man who cuts hole In It
and lets you pass through"
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
TEA
TEA
You can almost borrow
the best of it.
Your grocer returns your money If you don't
like Schillings Best.
Garden Yeast

ana as wonders never cease, says a
writer In The Garden Magazine. the
scientists have now captured the bac.
terra that attract or urge the plants
TO draw the nitrogen from the air
through the leaf and stalk into the
root system, and thus supply fertilizer
mat one would otherwise have to nav
highly for to make the garden vege-
'aoies grow. The bacteria trainer
culeivates' tames or grows these
small creatures, dries them in small
hard cakes, gives them to us to inocu-
late or vaccinate the seed or land. so
that these plants will draw more nitro.
gent into the soil than they normally
do. The government Agricultural de-
partment gives us yeast cakes" az
we call them, SO there is no outgo but
postage stamps value and the re-
turns are great indeed.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
IT IS IN THE B[001
Neither 'l1 LIniments nor Ointment,
VIII Reach Rheumatism-Ho'~'
Mr.. Stephenson Was C,,red

People with infamed ana
joints, or painful muscles: noon, a0nins
shuttle about with the aid of cars VINO
crutch and cry, Oh at everv sl;n aae OF a
are constantly asking, "What is ~ lar,
thing for rheumatism ?'' '-0 oess
70 attempt to cure rheumat;sr, =
ternal applications is a foolish Wy ~ eA :.
time. The seat of the disease ~ as'e OF
blood, and while the sufferer is rnhh; sne
lotions and grease on the skin the ,oau
in the circulation is increasing ''0n
Delays in adopting a sensible troo+,
are dangerous because rheumatism ', ~"
at any moment reach the heart and ~ '
fatal. The only safe course for rhenma vio
sufferers is to get the best possible blo~s
remedy at once. 0u
MI. Stephenson's experience with fiji.
obstinate and distressing afaiction i
that OF hundreds. He says:
about a year ago I was attacked NV
severe rheumatic pains in nv left
shoulder. The pains were worse in wot
weather, and at these periods caused ma
the greatest suffering. tried number
OF treatments and ointments, but thew
failed to alleviate the pains"
Then he realized that the cause INNS.
be deeper and the pain only a surface in.
dication. He adds:
had heard DIR. Williams Pink Pills
for Pale People recommended as a cure
for rheumatism, and when I found that
Twas getting no relief from applications.
1 made up my mind that 1 would try
them. Before the first box was gone
noticed that the pains were becoming
less frequent, and that they were not 50
severe as before. After the second box
had been used up was entirely FREQ
from discomfort, and have had no traces
of rheumatism since"
The change in treatment proved by
almost immediate results that Mr.
Thomas Stephenson, who lives at No1l5
Greenwood street, Springfield, Mass,
had found the true means for the puriA.
cation and enrichment of his blood.
DIR. Williams Pink Pills are without
doubt the best of all blood remedies
They effect genuine and lasting cures in
rheumatism. They do not merely deaden
the ache, but they expel the poison from
the blood. These pills are sold by all
druggists.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
Heat from Alcohol.

Alcohol is one of the great heat
producers, and if it might be manu-.
factured and sold untaxed would he
an available source of heat in steam
plants. One pound of alcohol is as
valuable as a pound of coal for fuel.
and its burning for fuel is a much
simpler process, involving the mini.
mum of waste.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
a NOVEL INSOMNIA nzmepy.
Effective or Not, Il VIII Cost Little

sSVky IL VIII CO&f LlttI0
to Try.
MI. Stackpool O'Dsll puts forward /.
mover remedy for sleeplessness. He
sys: rake card about the size of a
sheet OF foolscap and obtain a bottle
OF luminous paint. Write with the
paint upon the card the words "slean
-Sieep-Sleep," large and clear. place
tnls card In the daytime where the
light will get at 1t, and at nighttime
IN such position on the wall or an
a screen that you will have to lift nm
your eyes IN order to look at it while
you are lying In your easiest position
on the bed-that is to say. the nosi-
ton in which you generally 20 to
sleep. AS you see the illuminatad
words, repeat them to yourself ~
monotonous manner. AS the eyel,ds
become tired let them close. You vii,
not In most cases repeat the words
very often before sleep brings on for
Observation-Disclosures
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
Sanitary Sermons.

Once year the archbishop of 'fuam
breaches a sermon on health and
cleanliness. The national board OK the
Catholic Truth Society of Ireland has
issued a sanitary sermon as a pam-
phlet which sells at penny; it will,
1t Is believed, do much good.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
Have Strange Beliefs.

Strange beliefs linger in. many out.
of-the-way corners of Britain. In Dew
onshire, for instance, the country folk
still make "cramp rings" out of old
CONN handles; and bracelets forged
out Oh nails on which suicides have
hanged themselves are worn by equity
people, and deemed singularly en1ca-
cious.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
STATE OF ONO, CITY or TOLEDO.
IJTCAa CouNrv %.

LUCAS COUNTY. 81.
FRANK j. CHENEY makes oath that he IL aenfor
partner OF the firm OF r. j. CHENEY & Co. doing
business In the City OF Toledo, County and State
aforesaid and that said firm will paw the sum of
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for each and eyery
$sse OF CATARHH tnat cannot be by the use Of
FRANK j. CHENEY.
sworn to before me and subscribed In NV pres
sncc, this 9th day Of December A. D. 1886
A. w. GLEASON,
ti NOTARY PUBLIC.
dalis Catarrh Cure is taken internally and acts
directly on the blood and mucous surfaces of the
system. Send for testimonials free
+. j. CHENEY q CO., Toledo. o.
Sold by all Druggists, 7bc.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
For SHINING Shoes.

Boots and shoes, however damp, VIII
polish in a few minutes if drop o'
two or paraffin oil be added TO tnS
backing. 1t also prevents the lealn7
from cracking.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
Just Married.

Wnen a man can look with pleasure
at the past and with confidence a+ ths
leture he has got about as much ont
Oh tnis world as it allows an ordinarv
,ndlvidual to collect at one time
Puck. sne.-
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
Bedstead Guard.

The means of keeping a baby or
even older child in bed after it has
been tenderly placed under the covers
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
TEA

Three-quarters of the tea
is not very good; what's the
use
Your grocer returns your money If you don't
like Schillings Best.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
TEA

Isn't there anybody else
in the tea business but Schil-
ling?
Yes, a dozen, two dozen,
three dozen.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23

II Went Home to Die from Gravel Trouble.
Doctors failsd DR.. David Kennedys Favorite Remedy
bured mo-" Nrs- @. w. Brown. Petersburg, n. 7.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23

Use of Ether.
Ether was first used in surgical op
erations in 1876.
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23

To Clean Furs.
Furs can be cleaned by rubbing
them with BRAN
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23
EA

We like to pay-out the
money; won't you please
take some?
Your grocer returns your money II you '''
like Schilling's Best
Long Valley advocate. (Lardo, Idaho) 1904-1907, 1905-03-23

Hemp-Drug Causes INSANITY
OF the patients in the lunatic asylum
at Lahore, India, 33 per cent are =.
lieved to have been habitual no~'
drug takers.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1905-09-20

invited by the lord of skibo to spend
a week at the castle where he enter
tanned the author of triumphant de.
mocracy with old Scotch songs and
convulsed him with a new one bear.
ing the lugubrious title of Whats the
Good of a Pair of kits If You're a
Window Cleaner" AS Mr.. Carnegie
invariably wear kits while playing
the ancient Scotch game Of golf on
the moor back of his castle, he keen
ly appreciated the fun Of the song.
All Of Mr.. Perley's attractions. and
there will be six new ones this sea.
son. will be booked in the Independent
houses. THE Girl and the Bandit"
will be e at the Grand Opera House
Friday, September %.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1905-09-20

ways popular friend happen our way.
"Finnegan's Ball. which has prob.
ably caused more laughter than any
farce Of its kind is to be the offering
at the Grand Opera House next Mon
day evening. 1t is being presented by
permission of Murray and Mack by
a large and capable company under
the management of Mr.. Edwin Frank
lin, who. 1t is claimed, has given the
old favorite a production which 1t we'll
merits. The company is headed by
two clever young comedians, Messrs.
Edward F. Miner and H. B. Regis, who
have gained an enviable reputation
by conscientious work in the farce
comedy field. The comedy has been
staged under the direction of Mr..
Chas. A. Murray. of Murray and Mack.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1905-09-20

ment, electrical effects, chemical IL
Illustrations and all the details need
full to insure al absolutely perfect
performance of this. the greatest of
the great masters plays. Everywhere
that Mr.. Griffith has appeared, the
local press has teemed with praise of
his magnificent performance and it
will be a real pleasure to welcome him
to this city. The engagement is an
nounced for the Grand Opera House
next Thursday, and promises to be the
one great big event Of the season.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1905-09-20
THE STAGE
The Coming "Riehard the Third"


Lovers of the highest ideals in dra.
matte art are continually finding fault
with the %too-frequent appearances
not only here, but in all the cities, of
silly farcical plays, cheap sensation
alism. and the other immaterial fea-
lures Of. current theatrical produc.
tions, and are always clamoring for
the works Of Shakespeare and the 9TH
err great masters Of literature. 1t is
a pleasure to announce in this con-
nection the early appearance here of
the eminent tragedian John Griffith,
and his splendid company Of legiti-
mate artists in Shakespeare's fmmor-
tai tragedy, Richard the Third
with brilliant ire-proofed scenic equip
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1905-09-20
"eirl and the Randlt.n

Campbell Donald, the famous Scotch
comedian, who has been engaged by
Frank l.. Perley for the principal
comedy role in last seasons greatest
success, "The Girl and the Bandit"
spent his summer vacation in Scot
land at Dunfermline. Mrs. Donald's
father is an old friend of Andrew Car
negie, and the younger Donald was