davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28

The crew Of the American steamer
Barracuda which was captured BY
japanese cruisers on August IS when
the vessel was within sixty miles Of
her Russian destination. Is aboard the
Mongolia, en route TO San Francisco.
The captain. mates and engineers. re-
NAMED behind in Japan
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
TO COMMAND LINERS.

Ernest Bent, chief officer OF the
America Aaru, now IN port, viii, II IS
reported. be appointed commander Of
the Inner Hongkong Naru upon his re-
turn to Japan Captain " W Greene
retains command Of the Nippon Marn.
70 sail from japan within a few weeks
for this citv-ChropicIe
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
no roc SIGNALS.

The investigation into the ground
ing OF The Alameda was concluded
Yesterday before Inspectors of Hulls
and Boilers Bolles and Bulger- The
significant fact of the days proceed
ings was the conclusive proof that the
Lime Point fog signal was not blow
mo M TO the time Of the accident, de-
spite the keepers statement that II
was and the further fact that Fort
Point whistle had been blowing, but,
either because Of a TOO weak voiume
of sound or atmospheric conditions,
had not been heard down the bay Oh
the morning Of the grounding Peter
G Nelson. the whistle tender at Lime
Point. testified that he began blowing
his whistle at 11:45 o'clock; but the
testimony of Henry Harpe. soldier
who was fishing at the Lime POINT
station between II and y, was 10 the
effect that the Lime Point signal had
NOT been blown until after the Ala
media : distress signal had been heard,
al Has clock
George D. Cobb, first assistant
lighthouse keeper at Fort Point, test1-
fed that he began blowing his whistle
a. 1l.I5 O'Clock He stated that the
whistle was not very loud Cobb had
NOT heard the Lime Point whistle m
III after the Alameda's distress sig
naI.-Chronicle. Oct. Il.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
End Precinct, 4th District,
Republican Club.

There VIII be a very important meet
ing Of the End Precinct. 4th District
Republican Club. on Saturday, Octo-
Der %, at 7:30 o'clock D. m. in the
clubhouse. corner Of Wilder Avenue
and Keeaumoku street.
A fun attendance is requested.
7246 BY ORDER
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
CAPT. GOING SUED.

Mrs Bertha Jane Going, wife of Capt.
Philip Going. commander Of the s. 5
America Maru, began suit against her
husband the day his vessel arrived n
San Francisco She charges failure TO
provide and desertion. She sets forth
that they were married in san Francis
CO on August. Il, 1902. and that Ter hus
bard deserted her on Nay 10, 1904, since
which date he has not contributed to
her support. He receives, she states,
szoo per month. and during the Russian
war he received double that amount
Sha asks 5000 a month aIimony and
counsel fees She states she has no
means Of her own and wishes 10 re-
--,--z 71- W. ifar7 ravun
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
BESSIE DoLAR LAUNCHED.

The new freight steamer Bessie Dol
lar was launched from Port Glasgow
shipyard last Tuesday, according to a
telegram received yesterday. She is
Ia dupneate Of the Hazel Dollar, re
Gently arriving or this coast, and is
owned by the Robert Dollar Steam
ship Company Tie launching was at
tended by Melville Dollar, whose wife,
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28

! some O the mates as well The Cali
I for1ian ! now On the South American
/ coast, En- route 70 this city.-ehroniele-
KoHALA IN TYPHooN.
TACOMA Cwash.), Oct 14.-Having
passed through a terrible typhoon on
he China sea which bufeted vessels
about Tx chips and caused the tides
70 rise SC high that many small IS
lands were partially covered with
water, drowning thousands Of Chinese,
the barkentine KchaIa. owned by Hind.
RoIph & Co. Of San Francisco, arrived
in port during the night from Shang-
hal The voyage was the worst that
the officers and crew ever experienced
On August 23rd the Kohala sailed
from Shanghai for Tacoma The ~
phoon started with light easterly winds
seven days cut and increased in velo-
city each day. BY September End it
got 50 bad that the barkentine was
nerciIessly swept about on the angry
sea One minute she was perched on
the crest o. a mountainous swell and
the next she was lying almost fat on
her side in the trough. win her masts
meeting the water.
All but small part Ct the canvas
had been taken down, but the wind
blew 50 hard that nc effort was made
10 take the sails down. Had the sail
ors attempted 70 scale the masts they
would have been carried away by the
gale.
The typhoon reached a climax on
September 3rd and the master every
minute expected to see his vessel
dashed against one Of the innumerable
Islands that dot the China sea For
four days no soundings were taken and
the crew did not know where she was
going One day she might be driven ]
hundreds Of miles and the next the
officers would pass the same objects, /
finding that they were retracing the
course Of the preceding twenty-four
hours
The tremendous tides swept many OF
the low islands. The earlier reports I
that estimated 10000 Chinese were
drowned On two Of these Islands is con- |
hrned- After the typhco1 subsiced |
fine weather was had, put trouble
cropped out among the crew.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
DID,
Planters

completing
o present
o. issues were
al such
adding expense vas
Of mncn Of the
be found
beyond price
appearance n addition to
desiring Of vouia do wei
early date As there are but
il order 70 complete
necessary back numbers
increasing the
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28

For sale by
THE HAWAIIAN GAZETTE co.
Ltd,
Price g5.0g, postage prepaid
Honolulu, 7. z.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
THE FAvoRITE GRoTTo.

Have You seen the Golden Tree2
No. where2 ,,,rss
In is hospitable shade the best o.
7r1rr and the pu-est OF liquors are
dsiIv dispensed al the nominal COST o
twenty-five cents. --,-7-a
Get Acquainted with the taVo--. s
c-o1to and learn 70 hnger by TIE s0''-
Luck. golden tree.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
NEBRAsKAN Full OF FREIGHT

business house yesterday received
Ia letter from firm IA San Francisco
dated October -, IN which was
stated: We can not get your goods
aboard the Nebraskan- which viii sail
next thursday. As she was full Of
freight when your order came 10
hand. And we are told by .he aos,-s
that there are about 1850 tons left
over that can NOT be carried and NOR
offering every dav.'s
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28

Chief Engineer Ryan were let ont, and
some q the mates as well The Cali
forriau ! row On the South American
coast. en route 20 this city.-Chroniele-
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-28
BARRACoUTA's CREW HERE.

offering every day
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
AT LAST--AN OPTIMIST!
One of Class Thought Extinct Found in
Chicago.

Chicago, Aug. 9-It was worse than
this in the good old days. Graft, tainted
money, vulgar commercialism all
fourished in those rare days when
George Washington waved the presi.
Dental scepter.
"That was the age of graft-not this.
Today we are comparatively pure.
What few blemishes mar our current
record can be and will be obliterated." J"
This, in effect. is the belief Of Prof.
Francis w. Shepardson of the Univer-
sity of Chicago, an authority on United
States history and one Of the foremost
historians of the country. He is the
leading man in the history department
of the institution, and is said to be
slated for the headship of the depart
ment, which Is now vacant.
His views were expressed yesterday
in an address on Graft" at a gather
ing Of junior and senior students. They
stamp him as an optimist, one of those
people who are of class this country
seems to have lost. Every new claim
to fame lately has been on the ground
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
COMMITTEE WILL RECOMMEND
CHANGES TO AMERICAN BAR
ASSOCIATION.
GOVERNMENT CONTROL
Congressional Action Is to be Recon-.
mended In Committees Report, as
Well as Other Radical Changes
Minority Report Will Also be Made

Omaha. Neb., Aug. 8. - Ralph w.
Breckenridge of Omaha, chairman of
the committee on insurance of the
American Bar association, has COM
pleted the report Of that committee,
which Is to be presented to the an
nual convention at Narragansett
Pier, which will be held August % to
%.
The report makes Ave specific
recommendations, as follows:
First-Legislatiion by congress pro-
viding for the supervision of insur-
ance.
Second The reapeal Of all valued
policy laws.
Third - A uniform fire policy, the
term Of which shall be specifically de.
fined.
Fourth = The repeal of all retalia.
tory tax laws.
Fifth-Stricter incorporation laws
In the several states as they affect
the creation Of insurance compa.
MES; and a federal statute prohibit
ling the use of the mails to all per.
sons, associations or corporations
transacting the business of insurance
Ill uloiC6diu VI oIoIS vi lcuSIn I06u
lations.
President Roosevelt is quoted as
having said to the committee that he
is very much In favor Of federal su
pervision OF insurance companies.
The committee would require re
ports to governmental department
showing the amount Of money col
lected, for what purposes used; show
| ing honest management and the pro
lection Of policy holders.
a. l.. Evans, Of vi glnia, member
Fof the COMMITTEES, n expected to pre-
sent minority report, in which he
will differ with the committee, not or
its general findings, but on the propo
sition that there is no constitutions
obstacle existing to the Inauguration
of federal supervision of the insur
,ance business.
Wildcat insurance companies are
strongly criticised, and the report says
that state laws denying companies the
right to defend against death claim:
in suicide cases encourages self-de
struction.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
MILWAUKEE POLITICIAN SAYS
CHARGES AGAINST HIM ARE
eRouNDLEss.
WANTS TRIAL AT ONCE
Wants His Name Cleared Of Aeeusa-
tlons Which he Declares Untrue and
Which, If True Would Unfit Him for
Positions of Trust He Holds.

Milwaukee, Wis, Aug. 9.-Charles
F. Pfister will ask for an immediate
trial on the charge of larceny as
the last grand jury.
Mr.. Pt1ster was at hts office In the
Herman building yesterday, for the
first time since his Illness. After a
conference, his attorneys authorized
the following statement:
AS soon as Judge Brazee returns,
Mr.. Pfister will appear and request to
bo arraigned and enter his plea Of not
guilty to the indictment.
Gives Reason for Action.
HE will then ask that the charge
against him be set down for trial at
the earliest possible day. This re.
quest will be made not only because of
Mr. Pfster's constitutional right to
have his character cleared from the
unjust aspersions cast upon him. but
also because the charge against Mr.
Pfster is one which, If true, renders
him unfit to occupy the positions OF
trust in connection with the business
interests of this city which he now
holds.
AC euCuSoluS VI pSOplc wiz udVe
reposed, and still do repose, conf
dence in him have right to learn al
the earliest possible moment whether
that confidence has been misplaced.
Makes Emphatic Denial.
| "Mr. Pfister wishes 1t stated in the
most emphatic terms that he did no,
steal the sum of $4,000 from the Wis
consin Rendering company, or any
sum and that he did not use thav
amount Of money or any other amoun'
of money received from the compan.
for any unIawfuf purpose. 'se7rr-'s sss.
Attorney F. W. Won Cotzenhausen
representing Frank F. Schultz, ha,
taken up the cudgel against the grand
jury and declares he will appeal to tn,
supreme court against the methods o
that body.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10

llded with that run by Dan Wurgis on
the stretch, and both machines went
through the fence. Oldfield received
severe scalp wounds and his arm was
cut. Wurgis yas not injured.
Oldfeld's first escape was in De-
troit in September, 1903, while his ma
chine was running sixty miles an
hour The machine was the Green
Dragon. One man was killed and
Oldfield was badly hurt.
In San Diego, CAL, two months later.
Oldfield was again going at hair
raising speed when his machine struck
mound of earth, when the auto
swerved from the track. Oldfeld was
hurled through the air like toy, but
escaped injury.
1t was in ST. Louis, August 27, 1904,
that Oldfeld again dashed through the
fence and his Green Dragon reaped its
harvest of two more deaths. This time
the heavy dust of the machine
ahead blinded Oldfield, but in
the infinitestimal fraction of a second
proceeding the accident he retained
his presence Of mind and saved many
from death,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
WILL NOT
INTERFERE
GOVERNMENT LEARNS THAT TEL
EGRAPH STRIKE CONDITIONS
ARE BETTER.

Washington, D. c., Aug. 9.-The at
torney general has received number
of kilograms from United States attor-
neys giving the information that the
telegraphers' strike situation on the
Great Northern and Northern Pacific
lines shows improvement in condition
and therefore it is said to be quite
improbable that the department of jus.
tice will take any action in the matter
unless the situation becomes worse.
There was possibility that the gov.
ernment would interfere in the strike
if interstate commerce had been dis
turbed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
NAV VALREVIEWI
KING EDWARD VISITS PORTS
MOUTH ON ANNIVERSARY OF
CORONATION.

Portsmouth, Eng, Aug. 9-King Ed
ward celebrated the anniversary of his
coronation here today by reviewing the
combined French and British fleets,
aggregating some seventy ships. AS a
spectacle the event was somewhat
marred by the gloomy and showery
weather Enormous masses of people
thronged both shores and there was
a fleet of excursion boats filled to their
capacity.
Later the king proceeded to the bat
tleship Massena, the French flagship
where he was the guest of Vice Ad
| miral Caillard at luncheon.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
E N ND0RSE
PLATF0 OR N
REPUBLICANS OF OLD DOMINION
MEET IN CONVENTION.
AT ROANOKE.

Roanoke, Va. Aug. 9.-The republi-
can state convention assembled here
at $3.50 a. m. for it's second days
work. The platform adopted en-.
dorses the national republican plat
form, especially sound currency, pro.
tective tariff, expansion, the Monroe
doctrine, the Panama canal and the
provision for larger navy; it en-.
dorses Roosevelt's administration and
his determination to give every one
a square deal"
Judge l.. l.. Lewis of Richmond was
nominated for governor.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
PLAN F AlLS
THIRD ATTEMPT TO kIDNAP son
OF NEW MEXICO GOVERNOR.
rs UNSUCCESSFUL.

Santa Fe, Aug. 9.-The third at
tempt in recent months to kidnap
Miguel A. Otero, the son of Governor
Otero, of New Mexico, has been de,
feated by the temporary absence of
the boy from the summer home of
Mrs. w. B. Childers, where he has
been guest. Six armed men rode to
the Childers cottage on the Pecos
river yesterday and demanded the
boy. They searched the buildings and
then rode away. The boy was on a
fishing trip at the time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10

of pessimism. but Prof. Shepardson
has taken new tack.
Peter FaneuiI Struggled Liquor.
Peter Faneuil, as we all know built
Faneuil hall, which we historians
have termed the cradle of liberty .
declared DR.. Shepardson. "Now there
is on record a Letter written by Peter
which shows he was engaged in the
liqucr business. 1t shows he was not
what we would call an honest liquor
merchant. He made his money in an
illegal way-namely; by beating the
government. This fact is brought out
clearly in the letter. Therefore it can
be said that Faneuil hall was founded
on tainted money.
Patriot Indicted for Smuggling.
There is also proof that one of the
men who signed the declaration of in.
dependence was indicted for SNUG.
Cling. Just who it was cannot
name now, but it is certain that one
Of the country's most illustrious men
1
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
.TWOSPEECHES
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT WILL vis
1T WILkEsBARRE, PA, ANT
cHAUTAuoUA, N. Y.


Oyster Bay. Aug. s.-President
Roosevelt will leave at 8 a. m. tomor
row for Wilkesbarre, Pa, where, at
about in the afternoon he will de.
liver an address to the United Mine.
Workers and the members of the
Catholic Abstinence union. Tomor.
row evening he will leave Wilkesbarre
for Chautauqua, N. Y, where on Fri
day morning he will address the Chau
tauqua assembly.
Catholic Organization Meets.
Wilkesbarre, Pa. Aug. 9.-The ma
tional convention of the Catholic To
tai Abstinence Union of America was
formally opened today with over 500
delegates present. ALI the arrange.
ments for the coming of President
Roosevelt tomorrow are completed,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
NEW FAILURE
A SECOND DENVER BANK CLOSES
DooRs-THE RUN
CONTINUES.

Denver, Aug. s.-The Western bank
a state institution, failed to open to
day. 1t is announced that Henry M
Beatty, assistant cashier, has been
appointed assignee.
The Western banks deposits are
about $1,O00,000.
Run Continues.
The run on the Denver savings
bank, which began yesterday, was re-
sumed today.
The Central Stops Run.
The Central Savings bank also ex
perienced run today, but paid it's de
positors in full on demand.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
GRANTS INJUNCTION.

Judge M. A. Roberts Gives Decision
in Abba Liquor Case.
Judge M. A. Roberts today granted
the injunction asked for by Rev. c. s..
Cooper and Rev. Winfield Allison, of
Abba, restraining the auditor of Mon
roe county from preventing people
from examining the mulct petition. In
the petition asking for an injunction
restraining the board of supervisors
from canvassing the petition Judge
Roberts decided for the defendants.
Judge Roberts held that the right to
inspect the petition carried the right
to copy any or all of 1t.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
HE is STILL GAME
Barney Oldfield, After Fourth Auto Accident.
Retains His Nerve.

Harper Hospital, Detroit = No, my
time has not come yet. Guess l bear
a charmed life. Today's accident
was the wort ever had. Thank God
no spectators were kihed. l will not
quit racing. AS soon as l am out of
the hospital | shall begin again.
BARNEY OLDFIELD.
Detroit, Mich, Aug. 9-The above
is the message Barney Oldfield gave
to a newspaper reporter when asked
if he would quit racing since the ac.
cident here yesterday.
For the fourth time in his racing
career as an autoist Oldfield has met
with an accident while tearing around
the track here yesterday. Although
Oldfeld has escaped dangerous injury
each time, three men have been
killed. On each occasion Oldfeld's
machine was running almost at a mile
minute rate. Notwithstanding his
narrow escapes from death, he will
not give up the hazardous sport.
ColIides With Another Machine.
In the first heat of the five mile
race yesterday Oldfeld's machine col
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
RloTING is RESUMED.
Union Teamsters Renew Fighting
That Characterized Strike.

That characterized Strike.
Chicago, Aug. 9-scenes Of rioting
which ushered Il the recent team.
sters' strike were renewed last even.
ing, when five nonunion teamsters EN-.
ployed by Montgomery Ward & Co.
were attacked by union men at ST.
Clair and Indiana streets, near the
barns of the firm. The nonunion
teamsters have been driving trucks OF
the mail order house ever since the
union drivers were called out. Last
evening as they were leaving the the
barns after putting up teams and wa
gons for the night they were attacked
by crowd. A running fight followed
during which several shots we're fired
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
NEWTON MAN LEADS.

J. w. Hunter May Head Iowa Knights
Of Pythias.
Davenport, Aug Especial. )-J.
w. Hunter, of Newton, leads in the
race for the Office of grand chancellor
of the knights of Pythias. Iowa City
will probably get the next convention.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10

sian national assembly, the first gath
ering together Of the representatives
of the Muscovite people since En-
peror Alexel Michaelovitch, the Sec
ond Of the Romanoffs, summoned the
last zemsky sober in the seventeenth
century, will be proclaimed on Satur-
day next.
The final session of the special COM
mission which has been considering
the project as drafted by Minister Of
the Interior Bouligin and elaborated
by the council Of ministers was held
at Peterhof yesterday. Its verdict
upon the project as a whole was fav-
orable, and at the conclusion OF the
session, before the assembled grand
dukes, ministers, senators and other
members of the commission, Emperor
Nicholas set the seal of his approval
thereto.
To Prepare Manifesto.
The sitting yesterday continued from
2:30 in the afternoon until 8 o'clock at
night, when the commission finished
the labors upon which it has been en-
gagged constantly for the past week.
Several of the members in whom the
emperor reposes special confidence
were requested by him to return today
to Peterhof to assist him in the pre-.
paration Of a solemn manifesto through
which the summons to the representa-.
tives of the people will be issued.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
WILL ENTERTAIN KING.
Mrs. Potter Palmer to Entertain King
Edward VII,

WTTSs rOIICI Z " t-IfeSI
Edward VII.
London, Aug. 9.-Mrs. Potter Pal
mer, of Chicago, expects to entertain
King Edward at Egypt House, Cowes
which she has taken for the season
This is one of the most desirable res
licences for entertaining purposes in
England's famous beauty spot, the
Isle of Wight. There it is confidentl,
anticipated that the new tenant will
pursue her career IS one of the mos,
magnificent hostesses who ever de
lighted London.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
A NEW ERA
FOR RUSSIA
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY WILL BE
PROCLAIMED NEXT
SATURDAY..

st. Petersburg, Aug. 9-The
rumors of serious trouble at Riga
are today officially confirmed.
Twenty thousand men are on
strike there. Two million dollars
worth of perishable merchandise
is awaiting loading and reloading
and the merchants have applied
for soldiers to act as stevedores
in order to save the property.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
THIRTEEN DEAD ARE TAKEN
FROM WRECK OF BIG STORE
MAY STOP PLAY.
Rain Threatens Golfers After the Ma
tlonaI Championship.
*** ***** ******

Chicago, ILL.,, August 9.-With
= cloudy sky and prospects
good for showers the six score )
golfers still in the qualifying )
round for the national golf cham ;
pIonship resumed play today In
the last half Of the big medal
scoring test.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-08-10
A BRILLIANT RECEPTION.
Members Of Taft Party Royalty En-
tertained at Manila.

Manila, Aug. o.-Thousands of peo-
pie attended a reception given to Sec
retary Taft, Miss Alice Roosevelt and
members of their party at the Army
and Navy club tonight. Rear Admiral
Enquist, of the Russian navy, and his
staff were present The reception
was. the most brilliant in the history
of Manila