The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1905-01-06

been made ,as well as the need for
the future, can be gained by perusal
of the forthcoming biennial report.
Two years ago preliminary geologic
and economic map of the state was is
sued. Although this map was intend
ed only to be "a preliminary map, and
hence incomplete of it's kind, still it so
far met demand and SO general and
continuous have been the requests for
it that 10000 copies of the map have
been printed and distributed, save only
a remnant of the last issue, of which
limited number of copies remain,
which are being called for by nearly
every mail.
1t will be seen by an examination of
the material of the report that the
work that has been done during the
past two years all tends toward the
end and purpose described in the en-.
acting clause of the act referred to,
the completing of a Topographic, agri-
cultural and geographical survey, to-
gether with an economic map.
The question is sometimes asked
how long it will take to get over the
entire state in so thorough and scien-
tific manner. Perhaps twenty years,
or even longer. Just so long as there
remain resources undeYeloped. just so
long as every acre of land in the state
is not producing all that it should pro-
duce. SO long will there be topographic,
geologic and economic problems re-
curling investigation.
One thing that is needed is trained
men to do the work. The agricultural
college is endeavoring to educate and
train young men so that they may be-
come able to take up these investiga-
lions. During the past two years sew
enteen young men from the college
have been employed for greater or
less length of time pursuing some
form of investigation which directly or
indirectly enters into the completion
of the final economic map of the state.
The agricultural college is school
for instruction; it is also center for
the practical investigation. of problems
which deal with the development of
the economic resources of the state.
The geological department of the col
lcge is a department of instruction; it
is also the center and organizing sta
ton of the work of the survey of the
state, of which this report is an ex-
preston.
There is a misconception in the
minds of many persons as to the scope
and character of what is known as
geological survey. Geology is the sci
ence that deals with the problems of
the structure and mode of formation
of the earth. Starting with this def.
milton, it is then often assumed that
geology deals with rocks, with the
structure of the so-called crust of the
earth. And it is true that it does. But
it deals with much more.
The earth is that upon which we
live. We not only live upon the sur
face OF the earth, but our sustenance is
drawn from the EARTH This is the
realm of economic geology. Economic
geology, therefore, becomes the sci
ence of obtaining those products from
the earth which are necessary for
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will be seen, therefore, that soils and
water are as much subjects of geo:
logic investigation as are building
stones and minerals. and all are as
truly geologic as are the structure and
mode of formation of the solid crust of
the earth.
Many states maintain surveys for
the investigation of the profound prob.
lens of the structure and form of the
earth. And these surveys are of the
utmost Importance in determining
many problems of the greatest inlror.
lance in the economic world. a =
The study of soils requires not only
the examination and analysts of SAM
pies of soil in the field, but also the