davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1905-01-01
Bought Derelict Farm.
LITTLE ARTICLES IN EVERYDAY USE

= OW little thought is given to the
~ little articles in daily use, how
they are made and what be-
comes Of them, yet they are fire.
quently the products of greet Inventive
genius and some of them employ MIL
lions Of dollars of capital in their pro-
ductfon. Nearly all of them have some
thing OF special interest about their his
tory or the methods of their manufac-
ture.
What becomes OF all the pins is a
question never to be answered, but it is
possible 70 find out whence they come
and In what numbers and thereby to
give some curious information claim
for Adam as the inventor or discoverer
of pins might be established by simple
course of reasoning. Nature undoubt-
eddy furnished in the thorn the first sug-
gestion of a pin. and necessity, the
mother OF invention, first appealed 20
Adam for means to attach fig leaves
together to form a garment It is.
therefore, not unreasonable to assume
that Adam was the first to use pins.
In very ancient times pins were made
OF bone, ivo-y. bronze, copper, or iron.
but they were clumsy affairs compared
with the modern pins made of fine wire.
Pin making in this country has been
largely dependent upon the tariff, a
slight change In rates serving to depress
or build up the industry. Americans,
however. greatly improved the ma
chinery for the manufacture. more than
doubling the capacity OF the English
machines, and introduced the machines
for sticking pins into paper. which
helped to lessen the cost of production
When pins were made by hand, each
pin passed through the hands OF from
fourteen TO eighteen persons. At present
the greater part of the labor Is per-
formed by automatic machines
Requires Skill to Make Needles.
The making OF needles requires so
much skill and experience that the man.
ufacture OF the finer kinds of sewing
needles is almost altogether confined 10
a single district in England, where the
trade has descended from father TO son
for generations
As late as 100 years ago needles were
crude affairs. made chiefly at home by
hand labor DriIi-eyed needles were In
troduced In 1926, then the Furnishing ma
chimes were devised TO finish the eye
and shortly aftcrward the stamp to i'm
press the print of the grove, with q
punch TO pierce the eye, came into use
With the introduction, in 1910, of OIL
instead Of water to harden them, the
needles al We know them were per-
The Washington times., 1905-01-01

m r. GEORGE HORACE LORI
M MER-'1Morimer, the Japs
v call hin-has the honor of see
ing himself introduced to
Japan. The japanese have translated
and garbled him, and, taking him at all
points seriously. figured him as the mere
collector and editor of letters written by
Il real Gorgon Graham to a real young
Pierrepont. The result-a book put for
ward as a significant revelation of the
West to the Far East-is provided with
"a japanese introduction. a japanese
preface, and japanese dedicatory note
excerpts from which, together with GER
tain paragraphs from the text, are
translated literally by a japanese stu
dent Here they are:
Japanese Introduction
Chicago is now the largest and most
fiourishing manufacturing place for
canned meat IN the world, and Mr. John
Graham. the preceptor in this book, is,
indeed, one of the most influential manu-
facturers of canned meat in that city
The canned goods made in his firm are
sold extensively in both hemispheres.
and the name Of Graham is much
spoken of among the Western people.
NSPCSiaHy VI lliIS
book But to most of our countrymen
| it may sound rather new, and SO it will
not be q vain task TO give here a brief
sketch of his life
| Mr.. Graham raised himself in life from
a boy In a dry goods store. At the
| start OF his life he was miserable
enough to receive very low salary
| of only 81 a week AT dry goods store,
TO work hard for eighteen hours day,
/ and by night to have a cold sleep in
corner Of the Office. Again he peddled
far in Egypt (The Japanese have evil
| IDENTIFY never heard of Cairo, I'D, and
| wandering lonely in the hot country OF
| pyramids, endured extreme hardship
| But all the while he WAS independent
! and self-helpfng, and mastering all his
! strength, he could raise himself to d
! high position he holds today. a man
| OF such a life, whatever his rank OF
| profession may be. is worthy Of our
| utmost respect. The Americans honor
| him by calling Kim the Venerable Ora
| ham,
| He has a gem in his palm by the
| name of Pierrepont. The father sent
him to school. and at last had him
F., graduated from Harvard. the best uni
versity in America. When Pierreponi
| came out OF the university. Graham
| placed him at once at the lowest posi-
| ton in his office. and spared no trouble
TO make mis- son a man. And drawing
from the ineXhaustible store Of his ex
perience and observation, gained from
his hard struggle. he sat down TO write
these letters of advice and precepts. Tbs
The Washington times., 1905-01-01

AS New York has large deposits of the
finest graphite in the world for making
so-calleG lead pencils, it IS quite nat
ural that that State should be the chief
seat OF the lead pencil industry of the
United States. The raw material is
graphite mined at Ticonderoga, N Y
an is almost pure oF carbon "ant o GO
ties. After being ground the particles
Of graphite are further separated by
floating through a series of tubs, so that
the coarser grades may be deposited In
the first tub and finer and finer grades
In successive tubs until the last is
reached. The graphite is mixed with
blush clay in such proportions as will
er the quantity of clay the harder the
pencil. The clay and graphite are
ground together in mills and reduced to
hydaulic presses. The mass IS then put
through a forming press which squeezes
a ribbon the shape and size OF the lead
required. The ribbon is Strengthened
which il is ready TO be put into its
wooden case. Six pencils are made to-
gether and afterward cut apart and
finished in any desired style.
Collars and Cuffs.
One of the most interesting of the min
or industries is that Of the manufa cture
Of collars and cuffs which presents a
remarkable case OF Capitalization. Sew
enty-fiye or more years ago shirts were
made with collars and cuffs attached
The thrifty wife OF blacksmith in
Troy, y. Y, annoyed by the soiIing OF
his collar while the shirt remained clean
conceived the idea Of making the col
lars separate from the shirt. The inno-
walton attracted the attention of Eben-
eyer Brown. a Methodist preacher, who
| was at the time the proprietor OF a
| small dry goods store. He undertook
the manufacture of collarless shirts and
. Button manufacture is one of the
! cess In what was first a household in
| dustry that he employed his neighbor-
hood in the business. In the beginning
| the merchant cut out the collars and
! hired women to put them together ano
! wash. starch, and iron them. Payment
was made in merchandise.
| Button manufacture IS one of the
minor industries of considerable import
ance. a button maker of Iowa discoV-
cred in 1891 that the unto shells banked
up for miles along the Mississippi Rive,
would furnish suitable materials foI
pearl buttons. He started in business
/ on small scale, but soon found imita-
| tors The shells are first cooked and
! the meat removed. after which they are
soaked to render them less brittle. Eact
| button is turned separately, but ma
| chinery is employed TO facilitate the
! operation After the holes have beer
/ bored nothing remains to be done except
/ to polish the buttons, for which purpose
| they are rolled about in a barrel will
polishing fiuid.-Houston Post
The Washington times., 1905-01-01
Eeadausrfers Of the Poor house brisades On
Establishes Farm Where Agricultural Pur-
suits May Take the Place of En-
forced IdIeness at the
Poorhouses
Poorhouses.

of guardians throughout England. and
he says that he is ready 20 find a"
amount of capital for Identical ent 6
prises sanctioned by the local govern
ment board.
He recently offered to buy 1000 acres
of land for the board, wherewith to test
on q larger scale the plan now in cper-
alton under the care of the poorhouse
trustees OF the Poplar district, and after
considerable hesitation the offer mas
now been accepted. and Mr.. FeIs IS look
ing around for the land.
Not Philanthropic
This millionaire American socialist
says he is not animated by either bust
ness or philanthropic motives. OF course
in the event of the farms reverting 10
him his investments would yield a hand
some return through the enhanced value
of the land consequent on the improve
ments made by the workhouse men. oI
the other hand, It cannot be overlooked
that Mr. FePs business may derive some
advertising. In any case, he is now
recognized as a public benefactoT, and
Mr.. Long, the secretary Of the local
government board, has had many
lengthy discussions with him with re-
gard 10 the unemployed problem.
Sumpner's farm of 100 acres, which
was acquired by Mr.. Fels for the Poplar
trustees, is situated in the heart Of pic
turesque Essex, about forty miles from
London, and here 100 men, young and
old, from the congested Poplar wSfk-
house. are back on the land with SPADES
and pickaxes. The farm is miles away
from the nearest village, and even its
water supply is three miles distant. The
construction of a reservoir became.
therefore, matter of immediate neccs-
sity, and in this work a large proper
ton of TIE men are now employed. The
erection Of laundries and living GUAR
ters is in progress. 1t is estimated that
this will cost $500, which will be de-
frayed by the Poplar guardians
First Object of Colony.
The first object of the colony will be
to make portion of the land yield suf-
1cient vegetables to satisfy the demands
of the Poplar poorhouse, but 1t will re-
quire much hard work before this can be
accomplished. The mems ages range
between twenty-five and sixty years,
The Washington times., 1905-01-01

fected, although IN recent years ma
chimes have been introduced which do
away with some Of the operations here
tofore performed by hand
The amount of labor required TO pro-
duce a needle is enormous, and even
with the aid of automatic machines 1t
seems incredible that they can be
produced and sold at the prices asked,
as each needle has to be dealt with sep
arately in a dozen different processes
The best quality of crucibIe steel wire 1:
used for sewing machine needles. 1t is
Strengthened, cut into blanks Of the
required length and the blanks are
passed over coarse and fine emery
wheels until they are polished and
pointed.
Although the manufacture Of hooks
and eyes Is of more Importance than
that of pins. both in the amount OF CAPT
tai invested and in the value of prod
ucts, the industry has been very large
~ developed. The trade has grown to
such an extent, not only in this country,
but in Europe and other parts of the
world, that great factory run night
and day is unable to keep up with the
demands for that style
All of the finer grades Of hooks and
eyes are made of brass wire. but iron
wire is used for the coarse kind. There
are ten regular sizes. ranging from 90,
very dainty little hook. TO No 15 an
inch in length, which Is used for cloaks
The so-calIed invisible eyes are almost
straight pieces Of wire 20 take the place
Of silk loops formerly used.
Three Pen Factories.
In Philadelphia there Is a modest lit
tie steel pen factory-one OF three in
the United States. One of the others is
in Camden and the other in Ohio. Steel
pens have been made in this country as
well as in England and France since
| 1900, but a good many years elapsed be
| fore mechanical appliances were so faf
perfected as to make the manufacture
completely successful. Since 1910 the
American steel pen factories, although
only three In number have been able
not only to supply three-fourths Of tho
| home trade, but to export con3idera Die
| quantities. Women and children under
sixteen years of age are chiefly employ
! ed in the industry. The operatives de-
velop great deal of sgiII, as great mum
| bers Of pens must be handled by the n
hdafly to enable the manufacturer to pro
duce pens at q cost allowing any profit
| Each pen is dealt with individually in
| dozen operations. and in spite of tn,
| Use of machinery the cost Of handling Il
: considerable.
The Washington times., 1905-01-01
Does Not Pose as a Philanthropist, and Is
Ready to Duplicate Experiment
Wherever Authorities Will
Cooperate.
Cooperate.

tering the Poplar workhouze." he said
to the writer. "and what is possible in
one place is possible every time
Mr. FeIs is remarkably modest man.
personally He not only refuses to talk
about himself or his affairs, aside from
the land cultivation scheme. but de-
ciines to let the newspapers have his
photograph II have never had pic
ture of myself published he said, land
/ never SHALL P. NJ HIGGINS.
The Washington times., 1905-01-01
LONDON. Dec. 81.

LONDON, Dec. 81.
OsEPH FELs, of Philadelphia, a
manufacturer whose wares are al
most as widely advertised in
America and England as Sir
Thomas Lipton's are, has the sausfac-
ton now of seeing big move forward
for scheme he proposed some time ago
to various conservative British officials
who looked upon the idea at first as
revolutionary, and. therefore, quite be-
meath their notice. II was on such big
scale that 1t frightened the officials
When Mr.. Fels came to London. few
years ago. many OF the English poor
housese were overcrewded with able
bodied paupers who wanted work and
couldn't get it. The Poplar board OF
guardians, as the poorhouse trustees Of
that London district were called, had a
particularly anxious time of Il. Their
workhouse had an alarming number Of
able-hodied men among the inmates.
Charity was appealed to IN vain to re-
lieve the distress, but continued de-
preston of trade at the docks and in
general industry always kept the work
house full VIII Crooks,a member of par
lament who came from the workhouse.
tried various schemes TO get rid OF the
without much success.
Then Mr. Fels came on the scene and
suggested that those who were able to
work should be sent on to the land
He offered the land, but the local gov
eminent board, which is the executive
authority In the administration Of the
poor law. could not see the practicable
ty of the scheme. However, VIII
Crooks and one or two others kept peg
ging away at the department until at
last It gave permission to test the
scheme.
Bought Derelict Farm.
Mr.. Fels bought a hundred acre dere-
1tct farm for s10.625. and placed it at
the disposal of the Poplar board of
guardians free of rent for three years,
with permission to purchase before or
at the end of that time. He asked no
consideration for the use of his money,
but II the guardians are unable to COM
plete tie purchase at the time stipu-
lated the farm will revert to Mr.. Fels
in a vastly improved condition. He
has made similar offers to other boards
The Washington times., 1905-01-01
Remarkably Industrious.

Considering that the men receive no
wa es It Is remarkable to see the amount
of industry they put into their work
and tie interest they take in endeavor-
ing 10 make this dereiict land i.nme
diatelS fertile and productive. An eight
hour 5rking day Is the established rule
They rise at 6:45 and breakfast at I TO
Z 80; have dinner at u, and finish work
ing at 4:3Q. p. m: supper is provided at .,
and the men go to bed at p m The
ordinary workhouse rule is relaxed and
they are allowed to go where they
please on Saturday afternoon, Sunday,
and each evening after work The pub
lie house has no attraction for them be-
cause their finances are limited, and
what few eoppers they may from time
to time receive from their friends or
relatives go in tobacco or cigarettes
Their leisure hours are spent in read
ing papers and magazines sent on 10
the colony from the public libraries.
Some play draughts and dominoes, while
others play football and cricket
Mr.. FeIs agrees that asking men TO
work hard without pay is demoraIizing
TO the worker. but he refuses to accept
responsibility for this condition Of
The Washington times., 1905-01-01
SILENT.

And, concluded Mrs Peck ct
treated her with silent contempt
Silent contempt exclaimed Henry
Peck; Maria. do you expect me 10 be-
Heve that7-Houston Post
The Washington times., 1905-01-01

sixteen pieces in this collection are not
more than occa sionaI letters. but II IS re-
nlarka BILE to find such variety in style
ranging from niidness of spring wind TO
seVereneSS of autumn frost, from hur-
richness of 4 cataract TO EentleneSs or
a leisurely stream Mr.. Pierrepont Ora
ham, who was instructed through the
letters. is now grown to be a man OF
independence and self-heIp. and is one OF
the foremost young business men in Chi
Cago. ISANU ISHII.
The Industrial Japan.
Japanese Preface.
This book is a translation OF the six
teen letters the translator thought most
instructive to our general public, select
ed out of twenty letters compiled by
Mr.. Mortimer, editor OF the Saturday
Evening Post of New York The origi-
nal title of the book is: Letters from
a Self-made Merchant to His Son. but
We give free rendering OF it and put it
as: Letters of 4 Successful Man. Man
age-in-the World Teachings and Pre-
cepts.' The letters in this book were
not written with any idea Of being made
public So we omitted such parts only
dealing with the writer's household al
fairs and having no instructive value 80
the general public
Large stores in America and England
adopted the book as reader for their
young employees. At present il is
shame for a young man in America not
| to know about the book and a certain
paper even went SO far as to say that
| If one falls in business, its main cause
must be sought in ones neglecting 10
read the book
The original being in the style Of pure
| letter writing. IL is quite fun OF sldnss
| in common use in America. which are
hard to be understood. The transla tor
managed to get rid of this difhculty
| by Japanizing expressions and al the
i same time tried to retain the happy
/ flavor OF the original He. however
| greatly regrets that in many cases his
! ende&vor has fallen short OF his desire
The Translator.
| Dedicatory Note.
To make the thought of Gyo 0he
| Chinese sage as our thought and 10
act the acts OF Gyo IS TO become as Gyo-
/ The man we need most pressingly in
our country today is a gentleman useful
| and worthy Of respect as the Venerable
| Graham. II our countrymen make the
| thought OF the old man as their thought
| and act the acts of the old man, they
| will be all GrahaMs. On publication we
| thank for the kindness of our esteemed
| friend Hantaro Minegishi. who sent us
| the valuable original from far America
we thank for the trouble OF MIR. Mori-
mer, editor OF the New York Post.
who compiled these valuable letters: and
especially we thank for the willing con-
sent Of the Venerable Graham to make
The Washington times., 1905-01-01

and unlike other coionists, they work
quietly without the necessity for a large
number Of forennen or overseers. Besides
the superintendent and his assistant
there Is one foreman and q practical
bricklayer Men who spent years OF
uselessness 1ounging in the dormitor.es
OF Poplar workhouse are now being
transformed into vigorous and useful
members of society. exhibiting mental
and moral Improvement. Out Of the
hundred men who have been working
on the farm now fox three months only
two have turned out failures Chronic
iaziness followed them even in the brac-
ing air of Essex. and they decided 10 re-
turn to their Injurious quarters in Pop
lar wor!ahouse.
The Washington times., 1905-01-01
Offer Applies Here

He says that his scheme applies equal
ly TO the United States or to any other
country where able-bodied pauPers are
willing to work
Il have changed the duh. hopeless. in
animate expression that met one on en-
The Washington times., 1905-01-01

and he has replied that he will find
land for them all on the terms of the
Poplar colony
The Washington times., 1905-01-01
old GORGON' GRAHAM IN JAPAN

NJ r. GEORGE HORACE LORI
M MER-'Morimer.' the Japs
call hin-has the honor of see
ing himself introduced to
The Washington times., 1905-01-01

invaluable benefit he contributed 70 Us
by doing so. We respectfully present
the book one copy each 20 the three gem
Ilenen GIIEHI MASUDA.
Proprietor, the Industrial Japan
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1905-08-03
Rose Valley

Rev. Snow preached to . good aud.
fence at our school house last Sunday. !.
Messrs. Martin. Geo., Marion and
Hiram Simmons. with their families,
enjoyed ice cream with Mr.. and Mrs.
Francis Simmons on Sunday, the 23rd.
Several men In our locality met last
Tuesday and cleared of the school
house grounds and pnt up hitch racks
for teams.
Mrs. Narciesa johnson visited Mrs.
Snow a part of last week.
The farmers began last week cutting
their wheat.
The crops will be very light this year.
Al the children of the neighborhood
we're invited to the home of Mrs. Nc
Alister last Monday night to q party
given by Miss Edith in honor of her
friend MisssFannie Ross of Williston.
Thompson Peerv. whose sad depar-
turs for his Missouri home last May
with the remains of his brother Charlie,
Peery, who was struck by lightning
returned last Friday accompanied By
his mother and sister, who will take
possession OF his brothers. claim.
Quite a number Of our people
attended the ice cream SUPPER at Eight
Mile last Saturday night aud report n
successful affair and 6ne time.
Dave Diehl and brother Melville
Diehl lately from Missouri, attended
religious setvices, and dined with w. j..
Snow. last Sunday. 49,
}. M. War6eld and RolIs Burch, w.
s. Martin and family we're guests Of
Rev. and Mrs. Snow last Sunday.
Walter McAtiater aud Miss Kate
Baldwin were visitors 1T the McAl!ster
h me last Sunday.
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1905-08-03
A Good Omen.

We don't believe in Mugwumps or
mugwumpism. although Beecher took
the stump as mugwump.
We believe mon must be bigger than
their party creed or their party creed
will make them fools and puppite.
Lincoln and Roosevelt we're bigger
than their creed.
We don't believe in "muleism"-
that distinctive art of kicking-but the
perfect man of earth in righteous indig-
nation drove the money bosses from
their temple. We believe that these
are sometimes necessary attitudes
towards u party as expedients to tear
the mighty sceptre from the powers
that be-, and dash the political despot
from bis thorne. Desperation is better
than despair. and to be q mule is ten
times better than clam.
In these days OF scratch. back politics
you, scratch my back and I'll scratch
yours-for this is certainly the brand OF
North Dskots's politics and statesmen
(sreat indeed is the statesman!)-the
young men of every county should unite
Williston graphic. (Williston, Williams County, N.D.) 1895-1919, 1905-08-03
The Herald Changes Hands.

= Az AAOAs~~ ~AAssAAG300 AA0AASA0'
With Last weeks Herald Of this city
A. L. Butler bid kind farewell to the
readers Of that paper. and introduced to
the public Mr.. E. N. Disney. who sue.
ceeds to the editorial chair and sole
management Of the Herald. by right Of
purchase. The Graphic regrets to lose
Mr.. Butler from The journalistic field in
Williston for ss . business competitor
he has proven himself to be an honora.
bic, square, dealing gentleman. Mr..
Butler has had charge of the Herald for
tho past four years. aud has labored
hard to make the paper An acceptable
family journal, besides devoting much
space and time to the upbuilding Of
Willlston and the surrounding country.
The relations between tho Herald and
the Graphic have always been of the
most cordial and friendly character. and
both papers have worked haudsin hand
for the Advancement OF the businese
interests Of Williston. While we
regret TO part company in u business
way With Bro. Butler. get the Graphic
cheerfully extends tho right hand Of
fellowship in welcoming Mr.. Disney az
successor to Mr.. Butler, aud sincerely
hope that the change in the manage.
mont Of the Herald will in no way
affect the social. friendly and business
intercourse Of tho two papers.