davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1905-11-10

and was at one time the employer
of John Jacob Astor, and David
Grads and his sons largely controlled
the trade Of France with America
before our Revolution.
Jews were among the founders of
the New York Chamber Of Commerce,
and one. Sampson Simson, figures on
it's seal as member of the commit
tee receiving it's charter from the CO.
lonial governor. They were also
among the founders of the New York
Stock Exchange, and ever since that
time have been growing in Importance
in America as bankers, brokers,
financiers, and railroad magnates, as
we'll as in such lines of trade as cot
ton, tobacco, coffee, jewelry, metals
leather, meats, cloak and shirt indus.
tries: and department stores. On
the other hand, when we turn to 9
Suggestive letter written by Mrs. l.
Maria Childs in 1884 with reference
to the thousands of Jewish immi
grants, practically destitute, ther
arriving in New York from Germany
to escape unfavorable economic ant
legal conditions, mot rich as Jews
, in the traditional sense, but rich only
in hopes and energy and enterprise
and remember how many achieved {
competence, il not large fortunes, il
few decades, we note the analogy
between these German Jewish immi
grants and the Russian of our OWL
dsy,-the unskilled laborer whom W,
encounter in our large cities, work
, ing with indomitable zeal in order t,
, graduate from the "sweat-shop. ,
Throughout the country we may to
day encounter the descendants o
: Jewish peddlers Of few decades ago
= eager to bring sacrifices for the be
= loved land that has done so much TO
9 them in opening to them the path
leading to comfort and culture.
With schools and colleges welcom
{ ing them, the American Jews to-da
q rejoice in the fact that PRACTICAL
every large American university ha
q important chairs filled by JEWS
professors, and that they rank hig
, among this country's distinguishe
= lawyers and physicians, journalist
, and artists, inventors and play
, wrights. Thomas Jefferson, in
Z letter too little known directed t
Isaac Hardy and dated January
0 1926, pointed out that, on his ow
D initiative, he had abolished the er
! forced study Of Christian theology i
I the university over which he presided
so that such cruel distractions t
D Jewish scholarship should no longe
? bar Jewish admission to higher secr
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1905-11-10
THE
Cash Bargain Store

has received a new line of
Ladies NeckWear, Belts, Rib
bons and Plain and Change
able Silks. The collars are
simply beautiful, made of
Chiffon, P. KS and Felt.
COME AND SEE OUR NEW
RIBBONS.
We have a piece of Taffeta
Silk, black, SO inches wide,
guaranteed, at 81 per yard.
We have the largest and most
up-to-date line of ShaWls and
Fascinators we have ever
handled. Buy your Shoes,
Dress Goods, Jackets and
Underwear from
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1905-11-10

lar learning; yet even the unfavora-
BILE conditions Of our early history
permitted Jews to furnish to our
country such apostles Of culture as
Lorenzo da Ponte, the father of Ital-
ian literature and Italian opera in
America; John Howard Payne, the
son of Jewish mother, who taught
us to chant Home, Sweet Home :"
Emma Lazarus, Strakosch, and Leo
pold Damrosch, and, latest of all,
American Jewish scholarship has now
created the "Jewish Encyclopedias"
the proudest monument of Jewish
learning of the last three centuries.
PLANS FOR THE CELEBRATION.
The plans for the present celebra-
tion are meeting with cordial re-
sponse in every section of the land,
and embrace appropriate exercises to
be held on Thanksgiving Day at
Carnegie Hall, in New York, and re-
ligious services in all the synagogues
and Jewish Sabbath schools and
similar institutions throughout the
land. An appropriate perssE
memorial o. u be ereSSss5 strang
1orK Ct1, 3e &b hil
event, oo,. c1 ma
one ht*zsAzv sss' sss'
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1905-11-10


though the chief sources OF our in
formation concerning them are the
bloody records Of the lnquisition. In
singular contrast to the Spanish ad-
venturer, the Jew proved to be
particul ,rly valuable economic &C.
QUESTION, and we find that it was
chiefly through his efforts that Bra
zils sugar factories and diamond in
terests developed, nearly all the
profitable centers Of these industries
being in Jewish hands, and becoming
practically valueless after their ex-
pulsiop, in 1854. Some idea of the
enormous number in which Jewish
fugitives from the Iberian Peninsula
settled in Brazil is afforded by the
, circumstance that over five thousand
resided in the city OF Racife alone at
the time Of it's surrender by the
Dutch to the Portuguese, shortly be-
fore the Dutch grant now being com
/ memorated.
The grant Of 1905 expressly recites,
amorg the inducing causes for it's
PRONUNCIATION, the heavy losses sus-
tained by the Jews by reason of the
/ surrender Of Brszil and the heavy
Jewish holdings of stock in the Dutch
West India Company, among whose
directors they were also to he count
ed. In fact, the profter of Jewish
assistance in eifscting proposed
capture Of Brazil was largely instru-
mental in shaping the character of
the charter awarded to the Dutch
West India Company on it's organi-
zaticn, and the pecuniary returns
from these very features made posi-
/ bic such economically unattractive
! colonizing efforts as the settlement
Of New Amsterdam. When the Dutch
capitulation Of Brazil took place, in
l63i, thousands of fugitive Jews,
frequently despoiled of their property,
fled northward to the West Idnies,
and small party Of twenty-three ar
rived on the ship ST. Caterna at
New Amsterdam about September l ,
1851. Stuyvesant's reception of
them was decidedly unfrien8ly and
hostile, and the grant of 1865 was
made in answer to to a petition to
the directors asking for relief against
the measures of the irascible, bigoted
governor.
Coming down, then, more speci-
fically to the history of the Jews
within the present limits of the
United S;sles it should be noted
thatGIs1e:HA1n1 :H11ppt ed"u-',. that history into
6y ~."e may dividevss>iGb may be
.nree periods, each OF WiH.;
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1905-11-10

ueSiSudItu dS indrhSu Wy tuc dTkn 80
Of different stream of immigration.
The first period, ending about 1872,
may be styled the period of Sephradic
migration, most of the Jewish settlers
being of Spanish or Portuguese stock,
and numbering in all only about three
thousand at the close Of the period
for the whole United States, about
, one sixth Of whom has settled in New
! York next came the period of Ger
man migration, running down to
about 1880, when the total Jewish
population Of the country was esti-
mated at about 25O,NOO, of which
number about 100000 resided in
New York City. An appreciable
number Of Austro-Hungarian and
Polish immigrants arrived during the
closing decades of this period. other
nationalitles being also represented
1t is due chiefly to the heavy nigra
tion from Russia and Roumania since
1880, by reason Of anti-Semitic perse
cution, that the Jewish population o
the country has increased during tn,
past twenty-five years from about ,
: uuarter OF million to a million anc
u quarter, and Of Greater New Yorl
: from loo, 900 to about 750, 600.
DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS.
After Stuyvestant's plans for tn
: expulsion Of party of these Brazilian
: Jewish arrivals at New York wer
: frustrated by the instructions Of tn
directors Of the company, he contin
y ued for a time to block full Jewis
u enjoyment Of civil and political rights
denying to them right t
d trade in the adjacent districts ard t.
e own real estate and to become burgh
e ers, but sharp rebukes from his su
e periors in Holland soon compelle
r him to grant these privileges. Eve
- the directors, however, in measurin
v Jewish rights in large degrees b
| tHOoc 0bJpJSu III IlOIlduu, lOCUdu
d public Jewish worship, while sane
= tioniDg private services in individus
: households, prohibited their engagin
j in retail trade or holding public: ::offic
e and even directed the establishment n
e Of "a Ghetto, though, fortunatel
D there is no proof that such such SUI
i vival Of the Dark Ages ever actuall
disgraced any section Of territor
e within the United States. After th
British conquest of New York, tn
: rights Of Jews, fortunately for them
: continued to be governed by the es
: tablished customs Of the colony, ir
= stead of the more illiberal and unceI
q tain British laws, though this result
: ed in a declaration in 1855, that tn
!, Jews were uot to be allowed to trad
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1905-11-10


Of the Civil War, owner Of Jefferson's
home at Monticello. Similarly,
while Judah P. Benjamin, the "brains
Of the Confederacy," was still lead
ing advocate OF Southern rights in
the Senate, such Jewish Abolition
lists as the Rev. DR.. David Einhorn,
Michael Heilprin. and Moritz Primer
awakened the Jewish conscience
against slavery i'm thu North. The
number Of Jews who have held high
public Office in the United States
senate and in Congress, on the State
and the federal bench, as representa-
tives Of their country abroad, aud at
the head Of their municipal govern
ments,-aye, even as governors of
States, makes u most respectable
showing.
JEWS IN COMMERCE.
1t may be frankly conceded that it
is in the field of commerce., however,
that the Jews rendered most valuable
services to this country, and this
was even more true, probably, dur
ing the century preceding our Revo-
lutionary War than in our own day
Joseph Addison, writing il his felci-
tous style in the Spectator in l7l2
with respect to a matter peculiarly
| familiar to him as an official of the
British colonial cffice, said of the
Jews that "they are, indeed, so dis
seminated through all the trading
parts Of the world that they are be-
como the instruments by which the
most distant nations converse with
one another and by which mankind
are knit together in a general cores
pondence. Before the days Of de-
fined foreign, or even intercolonial,
trade, therefore, laws shutting retail
| trade to the Jews made them pioneers
and prime promoters of such newly
created trade, which became, not
merely profitable, but actually indis-
pensable, for our colonies. Aaron
Lopez, Of Newport, who owned a fleet
Of thirty vessels shortly before the
Revolution, engaged in trade between
Newport, the West Indies, and
Africa; Louis Gomez and his sons
were exporters Of wheat on a very
large scale in colonial New York
early in the eighteenth century !;
Jacob Franks, Of New York, and
David Franks, OF Philadelphia, were
the royal purveyors Of army supplies
during the French and Indian War;
Hayman Levy, the fur dealer of
Revolutionary New York. had close
lEel2tians with the AmeriaaaJ Indiana
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22
Ilad1Ol
! 1
AMERICAN GRAIN WANTED.

& 10y
lz=s z. - :
52si.15,y = y -;s.ss's
t..s5TS-Ea.. ] : sssSs-is
: -. ,. = 49, 3 - q Z :
fsss, .s.s.sss;', i <iSf4sss::zls- 4
r. .ss 3 q, 4, e. si;,; :

The grain farmer Of the United
States is particularly fortunate this
year in having Z large crop. and also
a prospect of : good demand from the
rest of the world. The natural demand
for wheat increases year by year. tho
grain becoming increasingly popular
at the expense Of rye, etc, in certain
countries of Europe. The demand for
outside wheat in England will be about
the same as last year, according to off
fetal estimates, and considerably
larger than for 1903.
The various countries of continental
Europe are increasing their demands,
and the yearly consumption in France
is now about eight bushels. in Belgium.
Europe from a little over two bushels
to about six bushels per. inhabitanE
The other exporting countries which
last year offset the exports OF this
country are likely to show shortage
this year. These countries are Rus
Ella, Australia and Argentina It Il
thought these, except Argentina, win
Rave small crop for export this year.
The Argentina crop is not far enough
along for reliable estimate Its prod
uct is an uncertain factor, varying
from year to year. but the high price
OF wheat the world over will, no
doubt, stimulate quite large acre
ege this year. The shortage in Rus
STA will be very pronounced, approach
ing almost famine conditions In GER
tain sections. 1t is evident, also, that
a broad demand is being created I'm
China and adjacent countries for
American wheat and -four. In tho
opinion of the American Cultivator, al
these sources of demand are likely to
take good care Of the American rec"
ord breaking crop, including that Of
Canada, and the behavior of the grain
market indicates fair prices for the
producer. /,
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22
RETURNS AFTER rs YEARS
Left Home When He Was Seven to
Battle with the World-Fought
in the Wars.

Marion. O-After being separated
from his parents for q quarter Of a
century, John R. Gorden returned to
this city suddenly. Owing to some
troubles in his home. Gorden left
when seven years old Going out
among strangers to battle for himself,
he located in West Virginia until the
spanish-American war broke out, VIXEN
he enlisted and went to the Philip.
pines. At the expiration of his time
he returned to this country and Sc
cured employment. His anxiety in
regard to his dear old mother, who,
since his departure, has become the
wife of Robert Thomas, gave him the
feeling that he would again live to
clasp her in his arms.
On arriving in the city he made his
way to her home. Both wept for Joy
until the mother collapsed from the
excitement
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22

lated. Nothing appeared to be disturb
Gu. Yet when the inner vault was
reached and the safe opened the $751;
1872 placed there the Saturday night be-
fore was gone. 5. #=.:s* 3 e:ss. =. ss= 81
( Who had taken It?
It -eemed ridiculous Is accuse Bow
sher, the janitor, Of manipulating the
burglar-proof locks and then placing
them again in the condition they were
when found. - ..= s=s s.. q 4
" Il not the work Of skilled profession
q burglars, the robbery must, 80 it
was reasoned, have been done by the
bank officers, and during all these years
the cashier and vice president, Mr..
kalb and. Mr.. Michael, have been sun-
der the ban Of suspicion Their names,
spotless before, we're furnished unjust
" with the crime Of theft. ssZS Y:
omeers Suspected of Crime.
Immediately after the robbery the
Pinkerton agency and q score Of pri-
vate detec tives, some Of them paid and
others Influenced 81 the large rewards
offered, wont to work On the case. Fol-
lowing the clue tint. q Nlas tho bank
0moers that ala e, cashier 1kalb and
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22
ITO Be Continued
Mindful Of His watch.

A pedestrian along one of the streets
Of Philadelphia found a boy sitting on
the curbing of the pavement and 4
companion enjoying himself on a long,
smooth ice-slide that had been formed
on the asphalt. An ambulance came
rushing and changing down the street,
the sliding boy grew flustered and fell,
and the boy on the curb leaped out,
grasped his chum and hauled him to
safety on the. sidewalk. The pedes-
strian walked over and said to the res.
cuer:: do you know that you saved
thia boy from being trampled to death
by that ambulance horse?" Yes
guess did," replied the lad. '.Well,
you're a brave boy!" went on the man.
TELL me-whAt did you think as y1e.
rushed out into the street to save
him 2" why. saw that the horse
might run over him; and it Just struck
me that he was wearing my watch,
which I loaned him so he could make
q front before his girl when he took
her home from school 'safte1nodn
that's all. That boy certainly dis.
played heroism Of the most practical
kind Golden Days. :@.s d. =..= !. 81
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22
EXPERIMENT WITH AlRSHlP
Professor Zahm of Washington Dis
covers the Best Shape for
Balloon Part.

Washington, D. CA grant Of $500
was made last year by the Smithsonian
institution from the Hodkins fund to
DR.. A. F.. Zahm, professor Of phys
ical science in the Catholic university,
for a series Of experiments on atmos-
pl,eric resistance to moving bodies.
Prof. Zahm completed the experiments
some months ago, but has not ceased
his Investigations of aerial resistance.
DR.. Zahn holds that Secretary Lang
ley has proved that the aerodrome, as
finally constructed, will not only fly,
but will carry the weight of one man,
the problem now to be solved being the
mode of managing the craft when it is
In the air. @. T. <.' II
DR.. Zahm proved that the best
shape for the balloon part of the air.
ship was that following the lines Of
the modern submarine torpedo. i
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22
Gus HA5

handling he took wilkins into his con-
fidence. d On the morning. after the rob
berry, Mrs. ilkins related, her hus-
band came home with his pockets
stuffed with money, several thousands
Of dollars in bills Of dlllerent ienomi-
nations and gold coin. He was. some
what under the influence Of liquor at
the time ana did not know where to
hide the money. s5.
We'll, Lige has done the job" he
said. and this is my share Of II. 2
Finally the money was hidden In 4
torn sofa at their home, and from this
place it was taken as each needed It,
from time to time q fortune IN their
possession, sod yet 1t did not bring
them happiness. 5 .s s 81 ..s.
In q few yeas1 the money was all
gone. Finally, for neglect and cruelty,
ahe obtained q divorce from him, .leav-
Ing soon afterWard to reside; With On
uncle near Fort Wayne, Ind. s5#z
Within few months Wilkins fol-
owed her and for . time their differ
@cpcee we're pAtched up and they lived
is gather only 4. bez separated again
ny Als lissipa
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22

He returned to Lima. Thlther she
followed him. vainly endeavoring to
get money Tor her support. It was then
the blow was struck that made her re-
solve to tell all. q.
Plan TO Secure Evidence. E.= s.s 4
..zST The story she told Deputy Sheriff
Erect. while presenting 3 strong case.
lacked the convincing proof necessary
tp secure conviction. The deputy
sheriff reported the matter to WilliarA
,Klinger, the prosecuting attorney Of
the county, and It was then the plan
Nas formed to entrap Bowsher and
Wilkins and secure evidence tina.
would convict them on their own testi-
.nlony, and In this act OF the drama
Mrs. wilkins was to play. the star
Tart. 81. i. 81 ! .@.@s d. V, h 5 s..=
With the knowledge she possessed, it
was not hard matter for her to ar
range meeting with the two implicit
ed men. The meeting was held in q
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22


By reason Of her. having turned states
evidence, no action was brought
against Mrs. Wilkins.
Bowsher has some real estate, par
If 1t being in his wife's name. She, 1t
seems, until his arrest, knew nothing
.of his guilt in regard to the robbery.
Not long after it.occurred Bowsher in
vested In Ohio oil lands :ss.s <==...
They proved profitable and his pros
perity and land holdings were thus ex-
planned, diyerting suspicion Of his
guilt. 1t is believed at Lima that he
mas money hidden and that he also has
Investments in such shape as not to
lie reached by law.
He was never extravagant in hie
sDendings and since the bank robbery
has been Industrious. He will serve his
term In prison and then he q free man
10 get what. enjoyment he can, with a
guilty conscience, out Of his stolen
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22
CELERY FOR WINTER.
Should Be Dug Up with the Roots
Adhering and Be Packed in
Dry Sand. :

To store celery for winter use, the
plants should be dug up with the roots
adherins and packed closely in long,
narrow boxes with rather dry sand.
says the American Cultivator. These
boxes should have holes bored In the
sides, and when water has been con-
veyed to the roots Of the plants
through the aperture, the whole
should be set away In . cool place
exempt from excessive humidity.
Properly put up In this way, nothing
more will be required except to wa
ter the roots occasionally, and, % In
the first place, it should, in order to
prevent rot, be accomplished through
the holes In the boxes. The fact Is.
moisture cannot safely be supplied TO
celery plants from above, unless they
are packed very loosely, and the com
ditions are such that plenty OF air
can, circulate around them. Il
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1905-11-22

Vice: President Michael were arrested
and indicted by the grand jury.
While the cases against them were
afterwards dismissed because Of lack
Of evidence, they were believed by
many to be guilty. .<s-s.2 =. ',..
Finally Bowsher, the janitor, was ar
rested. Nothing, however, could be
proven against him and he was re-
leased and the Lima bank robbery con-
tinued a mystery that baftled solution
on the part of the best detective talent
Of the country. - = =:
o.. Arrest Due to Woman. -.
I'd 1t remained for woman, neglected,
divorced and scorned-refused the
money that, in part, had quieted her
tongue-to unearth the evidence that
led to the arrest of the guilty party,
Janitor Bowsher and her husband.
Thomas X. Wilkins, an accomplice in
the crime. This woman was the d.
vorced wife Of Wilkins. Ten years ago
she was society woman at Lima, the
daughter of y leading railroad official.
She was: pretty and accomplished
and, until some years after her mar
rage to Wilkins, did not know what
want was. Wilkins was the son of a
real estate dealer at Lima, a man of
considerable wealth, and at the time of
their marriage had bit just been adj
mitted to the practice Of law and had
a promising future. ....s
During the first few years of their
married life the young couple lived in
luxury in one of the handsomest resi-
dences in Lima. But, as they do in
so many married lives, the days OF
neglect and abuse came and then Mrs.
Wilkins sued for and obtained a d.
vorce. Then. denied the payment OF
her alimony, and denied money from
Bowsher, she resolved to tell the Sc
cret she had kept so many years.
*= Janitor Is Accused.
Her story was told to A. L. Erect,
the deputy sheriff at Lima, who, of her
own volition, she took into her conf.
dence. She said that Bowsher commit
ted the robbery and that wilkins was
an accessory before and after the fact
Her story, in substance, was that Bow.
sher had frequently told Wilkins what
an easy matter It would be for him
to rob the bank.
What to do with the money after he
had secured it, to avoid suspicion, both.
cred him, and for it's investment and