davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20

nnent that day It VIII be the duty
Of the State Secretary Immediately OF
the receipt OF these reports to wire
back to all the local managers the
number of cars that will be shipped
from every section of Georgia that day
and to give to the local managers d.
rections for shipping or diverting sc
that We will avoid Cutting the vari.
Gus markets.
Our growers here have taken hold
of this organization with enthusiasm
and at our first meeting, although
many Of the growers were unavaid.
ably detained from meeting with us,
40 per cent. of the61.tock was sub.
scribed and the balance will be sub
scribed during the coming week. Our
headquarters will be Baldwin, Ca.
THE question of freight rates, re.
frigeration rates and railroad service
in general is one that all growers real
ize be of the utmost Importance,
and experience has taught the grow
ers at Grand Junction, Colorado and
throughout California, Oregon and
Washington, that it was absolutely
necessary for them to organize their
business in such way that their in
terests could be handled by one in.
dividual who could treat with the
railroads from more or less indie
pendent position. The railroad agents
would much prefer, IL concessions are
to be made, to feel that they have only
one man to make deals with and they
are much more apt to make conces-
sions than if each individual grower
should make requests. BY our com
bining, pressure could be brought to
bear by diverting a large, or small,
percentage of the business to certain
roads and as in the case of all large
combinations relief could be had.
The Piedmont Fruit Company at
Baldwin, Ca, intends to hire a mana.
ger whose duty it will be to look af.
ter the shipping of all fruit, and by in.
telligent direction cause this fruit to go
to places where it will not come in
contact with a glutted market, and to
places where it will be sure to bring
the best market price.
In past years many individual fruit
growers have sustained heavy losses
by not being able to place their prod.
uct in the proper market. BY the or.
ganization Of a Fruit Company it is
thought that the fruit can be handled
to better advantage. 1t is hoped that
fruit growers all over Georgia will con-
slider this matter carefully. as the time
is coming when our fruit will have to
be handled in more systematic man
ner in order to reap the greatest
profit.
Mr.. A. M. Kitchens, Of Baldwin, Ca,
will attend any local meeting and aid
in the proper organization Of same.
r. !. SMITH,
State Entomologist.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
LETTERS ON AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY BY THE STATE
CHEMIST.
Letter No. z.
NITRATE OF SODA

Cottonseed-meal blood tankage.
etc, which | have described to you in
the last letter, are known as organic"
sources of ammonia, or rather of nj
trogen. Habit is so strong, you see,
1t is hard to get rid Of the use of that
word ammonia. Nitrogen is much
the better term for our use. Besides
the organic sources OF nitrogen we
also have what are known as the lin
organic sources. l have explained
in previous letter fully the meaning
OF these two terms, but lest you NAV
have. forgotten, l will stop a moment
to say that an organic substance
may be either vegetable or animal.
thus a leaf, seed, piece of meat or
of skin are organic substances. M
inorganic substance is the opposite of
these, and is mineral in its nature. A
piece of rock or of iron is inorganic
The chief inorganic source of nitro
gen, then, is nitrate of soda. also com
monty called Chill Saltpetre;" salt
petre because 1t has many of the prop
critics of real saltpetre. which is nj
trate Of potash and Chill because if is
imported from Chill in South America.
Nitrate Of potash or true saltpetre
is very valuable fer,iuziug compound.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
SuIphate of Ammonia

One other important inorganic
source of nitrogen is the salt known as
Sulphate OF ammonia. IL is produced
chiefly as by-product in the manu-.
facture of Illuminating gas from coal;
the gas Goals all contain a small~per.
centage of nitrogen; when subjected
to dry distillation in retorts, the nj
trogen is driven off in the form of am.
monia gas, and is finally absorbed in
sulphuric acid, from which it is CRYSTAL.
LIED as sulphate of ammonia. This
product usually contains about twenty
and one-half per cent. of nitrogen.
when purified, but if. sold imprinted
as brown sulphate of ammonia, it may
not contain more than eighteen per
cent. of nitrogen. Sulphate OF am.
monia is freely soluble in water, and
has this advantage over nitrate of so
da, that it does not leach out Of the
soil so readily as nitrate of soda does.
and may therefore be applied with
other fertilizers in the fall to fall
crops without fear of serious loss
through teaching during the fall and
winter. l have not mentioned all of
the various kinds Of heterogeneous fer
tilizer materials, but have sketched
briefly the principal ones, from which
nearly all the commercial fertilizers
sold in the State of Georgia are made.
The next great class of fertilizer ma
terial We discuss will be the "phos-
pilates"
JNO NJ. McCANDLESS.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20

yielding both nitrogen and potash to
the plant, but 1t is much too expen.
Sive to buy In this form; 1t is there
fore better, or rather, cheaper to buy
nitrate of soda and muriate of potash
separately, and then mix them togeth
er. when we will accomplish practical
ly the same results from a fertilizing
standpoint, and for a smaller outlay OF
money, than If we bought the same eIe
ments in form of nitrate of potash. Nj.
trate of soda is such an important
salt for fertilizer purposes that I will
go into some little detail about 1t.
The entire supply at present comes
from the western coast of Chill 1t
extends in narrow strip Of land run.
ming north and south for about 260
miles, at an average distance of about
IA miles from the ocean. The coun-
try where it is found is a desert. it
never rains there and the whole region
is bare of vegetation and destitute of
water. The nitrate rock is called
"Caliche" pronounced Ca-lee-chay)'
and the best quality has the following
composition:
Sodium nitrate =. so per cent.
Sodium Chloride =. :. :. 26 per cent.
Sodium sulphate :. ;. :. per cent.
Magnesium sulphateM. -. per cent.
Insoluble matter -. IA per cent
Sodium iO6afp cOdi1rY1, -
trate magnesium chloridN
magnesium nitrate, potas-~
SUM chloride .......... 1p1< mt.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
THE BREEDING PLOT.

Hon. O.. B. Stevens, Commissioner:
Please give me plan for improving
my seed corn. z. T. A.
Reply:
In reply to your inquiry above, l
beg to hand you an extract from Bull
letin No. Al CO. written by Professor
Charles W. Davis, and issuedby the
State Department of Agriculture on
the subject of seed Corn"
Yours truly,
o. B. STEVENS,
Commissioner.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
TEN PAGES,

The conviction of John H.
Mitchell, United States Senator
from Oregon, Oh the charge of ac-
cepting attorneys fees for work
done before the Federal depart
ments is another step toward the
enforcement of clearer ideas of
public duty and public trust,
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
RY~Wm. RohertRon.

Most of your readers are farmers,
and tits fair that they should some.
times discuss the best methods of sue.
cessful farming. We wish to show
in this article that corn is a better
paying crop than cotton. We give
each more than an average price, but
it's fair for each. We put corn at 36
bushels to the acre and cotton at half
a bale. Corn at 40 cents per bushel,
cotton at 8 cents. We note result as
follows, cotton first, making our calcu.
lation that a farmer can cultivate and
gather twice as many acres in corn
as he can in cotton, which ell will ad.
nit.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
Commissioner.

every farmer or several farmers
combined, should have breeding plot
or seed patch for the purpose of i'm.
proving the seed. Corn being wind
pollinated plant, the plot should be
isolated, say at least a quarter of a
mile, as this is safe distance to sep.
arate varieties to prevent a trouble.
some cross-pollinatlon. If possible,
the plot should be located on the same
kind OF soil as that in which the Sc
lected seed is to be planted. Let ii
be uniform in fertility, drainage, etc,
so that differences in productiveness
Of individual ears can be noted. Choic.
est ears should be planted, one ear
TO row. Have the rows numbered.
and plant by hand so that 1t may all
be done as nearly alike as possible.
Remove tassels from all feeble, dis
eased, and non-productive stalks be-
fore they shed their pollen. Keep a
record OF the yield of the different
rows, and select your ears for next
years seed patch from the rows Civ.
ing you the best type sought, with the
greatest yield per acre. Do not ex-
pect too much the first year. for the
varieties of corn grown in Georgia
have never been bred to any particu-
lar type. However, you will be sur
pTised to find such differences in the
record of individual ears The fol
M toll Al n rrfNr fs,.,r Z l,
pertinent at the Iowa station will give
you some idea of what you may ex.
pect:
Record Of individual Ears.
Bushels per Acre:
Is ears yielded 90.56 bushels per
acre; bushels per acre 9O.56. SO ears
yielded 3G.0G bushels per acre; bushels
pei acre, 1906.
Percent of Stand:
n ears gave 96.5 percent of a stand.
BIS hels per acre, S303. 70 ears gave
% percent of stand; bushels per acre
1927.
Number Broken Stalks:
81 ears gave 25S broken stalks or Ga
percent, bushels per acre, G752. IS
ears gave Al broken stalks, or 8
percent, bushels per acre, 1857.
Number Barren Stalks:
10 ears gave 70 barren stalks or q. :
percent, bushels per acre, sos; SO ears
GAGE barren ,alks or Is percent.
bushels per acre, 1885
Number of Suckers:
81 ears gave 100 suckers or y per.
cent, bushels per acre, 1898: rs ears
gave no suckers. bushels per acre
90.5S.
Thus you see a wide variation in in.
dividual ears. The yield ranges from
SO to 80 bushels per acre The low.
est yield was produced by ear No. "a
and was due to a low per cent of
stand. Ear No. 19 gave 21.5 per cent
barren stalks. while ear No. SO gave
only 1.5 per cent We notice. too. a
wide range in the number of broken
stalks and suckers.
Suppose you continue to plant, year
after year, the progeny of such ears
as Nos. 73 and 10; can you expect a
good yield? You undoubtedly are do
ing this to some extent every season.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
Earlv Cotton
= - - L. A-SA%O 1s
State Chemist.

The invasion of the cotton states by
the cotton boil weevil renders more
important than ever before careful
studies of the early varieties. 1t has
been found that only the earliest va
rieties can be proftably grown in in
tested regions even When all other
known methods of combating the wee.
vii are employed.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
CORN VS.. COTTON.

In one of our exchanges, The Farm
and Ranch" published at Dallas, Tex,
we find the following article compar.
ing the profits on cotton and corn,
which we commend to the careful con-
sideration of Georgia farmers:
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20

The following are designated as
game birds and may be killed in their
season; their eggs must not be taken
nor their nests disturbed:
Wild turkeys, pheasants or grouse,
prairie chickens, patridges, qualis,
doves, woodcocks, snipes, ploYers,
rails, mudhens, coots, gallinules.
swans, geese, brant, river and sea
ducks, surf-birds, sand pipers, tatlers,
curlews.
The following are designated as in
furious birds and may be killed at
any time; and their eggs and nests
destroyed; but only the owls and
hawks named, for all the others are
harmless, and the farmers friend:
Great horned owls, sharp Skinned
hawks Commonly known as little blue
darter), Cooper's hawk (known as the
big blue darter, or chicken hawk
crows, crow blackbirds, field larks,
English sparrows, ricebirds, jackdaws,
cuckoos or raincrows.
The following are some of the COM
mon and familiar birds that are classed
as useful insect-eating, or song-birds,
and cannot be killed at any time.
There are many others:
Barred or round-headed owl, all
hawks, except two; all cranes and
herons, all sparrows, except English;
all Woodpeckers, all finches, all vireos.
all warblers, bee martin (king bird)
bluebird, bluejay screech owl, bullbat
(chuck-wills-widow), butcher4bird the
shrike), catbird, cardinal (redbird)
Cedarbird (waxwing), hummingbird.
Indigobird, JORGE (ground-robin) king
fisher, martins, mockingbird, ovenbird
(Wood-thTush), orchard oriole, rose
breasted grosbeak, robin, redwing
blackbird, rusty blackbird, snowbird
(chickadee), swallow, scarlet tanna-
ger, thrush, wrens, yellowhammer
(f1icker)..
The penalty for violation of these
laws is $500 or thirty days in Jail,
or both, for killing, catching or having
in possession alive or dead, any pro-
tected bird or part Thereof, or any nest
or eggs of part thereof, and this ap-
plies to each bird killed, or caught. and
to each nest and eggs taken or de-
stroyed, but any person is allowed to
have any bird as a pet, provided it is
not sold or exchanged or transported
out of the State.
A certificate may be granted for
period of one year at a time, by the
Commissioner of Agriculture. to anv
person over fifteen years of age, to
collect birds, nests or eggs for scien-
tifc purposes, provided such person
has been recommended by two we'll
known scientific men as being of good
character and fitness to be intrusted
with such privilege, and such person
must file with the Commissioner of
Agriculture properly executed bond
in the sum of 5000 as an evidence of
good faith.
There are less than half the num-
Der of birds nthe United States to-
day, that there were ten years ago.
AS the birds have been killed off. In
sects have increased. The damage to
crops, gardens and orchards in 1902,
caused by insects, as estimated by the
United States Department of Agricul
ture amounted in the United States
to more than three hundred and fifty
millions of dollars"
GA. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
The Profitable Piq.

The pig that is to be marketed pro-
fitably at from six to eight months old
must not be allowed from any cause
to stop growing, for If 1t does the loss
is not confined to the days of unthrift
but oil the food consumed after is like
" to give less profit.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
Character Of Nitrate of Soda and Meth.
of Use.

The material has great number of
uses besides its use as a fertilizer. 1t
is used in the manufacture of nitrate
OF potash, which is needed to make
gunpowder and fireworks; it is also
used to make nitric acid, is an essen.
tial in the manufacture of sulphuric
acid, upon which the whole superphos-
plate or acid phosphate industry de-.
ponds, besides great many other man.
featuring processes. It's great impor.
lance as fertilizer depends upon it's
high percentage Of nitrogen and its
complete solubility in water, thus be-
ing already in the form of a nitrate.
the form in which plants prefer to
take most of their nitrogen. The nj,
trate of soda being readily and freely
soluble in water, is ready for appropri-
alton as plant-food as soon as it is put
into the soil. Hence, it is evident
that the best way to use it is by ap-
plication as top dressing Immediately
before or after rain, usually in the
spring, when the plant is up and needs
a good send-off to develop growth of
stalk and foliage. Used in this way,
the results are very sure and very
striking.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
THE GEORGIA BIRD LAW
What Birds Should Be Killed
and Those Protected.
WENT IN EFFECT JANUARY /, 1904
Hon. John C. King, County School
Commissioner of Floyd County, Sends
Out Very Important Letter and II
Should Receive Careful Study.

We heartily commend the action Of
Hon. John c. King, School Commits
sioner of Floyd County, in requesting
the teachers of said county to read to
their assembled schools from time to
time the following important Georgia
law. 1t would be well for every teach
er in the entire State to do likewise.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
100

The average quality of "Caliche'
contains from thirty to forty per cent
of sodium nitrate, and the poorest
quality worked ranges from seventeen
to thirty per cent. sodium nitrate. The
"Caliche' ocurs from six to ten feet
below the surface of the ground, and
the vein or stratum varies from a
foot and half to twelve feet in thick.
ness.
The process of extracting and sepa-
rating the valuable nitrate of soda
from the rest of the "Caliche" is done
by means of water in which the nj.
trate of soda dissolves, and from which
1t is crystallized. A description of the
process would be tedious. Suffice it
to say that a costly plant is required
for the purpose, and that the work is
so well done that the product when
hnished contains about ninety-five per
cent. nitrate Of soda, which is equiva-
lent to 1855 per cent, of nitrogen, or
nineteen per cent. of ammonia. An
enormous and annually increasing
amount is shipped every year. The
amount exported every year to Europe
and America is about one million tons.
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20

Inc man who raises corn has three
months to pick cotton for the man who
raises cotton. allow nothing fer
marketing corn, for there is always
demand for it at the crib at that price
Dye, Texas.
This article is on the line OF advice
tlat we are continually giving.
GA. DEPT OF AGRICULTURE
The Marietta journal. [volume] (Marietta, Ga.) 1866-1909, 1905-07-20
Cotton.

Cost of growing-Dr-
Cash rent on L acre ground ..,.,.$20O
Breaking and narrowing ground zoo
Half day planting, man and horse &c
Two days blowing in all ........ zoo
Cotton chopping in all .......... zoo
Picking 800 pounds seed cotton at
20 cents per 100 ............ SOC
Half bale bagging and ties ...... 30
Hauling to gin and market ...... so
Cost of production ............I6.O 90
Crop sold-Cr-
25O pounds lint at cents. 500. 90
Is bushels seed 121A cents ...... 200
value OF product ............. 1922. 90
Cost OF production ...........r 1900
'FRONT.' '''.''....'...... .......$ 500
The Washington times., 1905-07-23
All Repentance.

Il fear that in my last letter 1 let
you see too clearly the pain and tor
ments of my heart. Pardon me. They
have clouded my reason and torn my
heart, dear friend who art SO sympa-
thctic. You do not know my trials. my
terrible suffering. Is it possible TO love
the adorable Jones and not die of fear
lest he be lost?
Whatever be his fortune. let il not
make him forget that there exists far
from him Il most sympathetic and tender
heart, perhaps worthy of his regret and
Of his remembrance. Your happy coun-
try claims you. All. without doubt it
will look upon you as its god. Could
you only know how much of my heart
is yours! and all its affections. You are
made To have friends who love you
and await You with impatience. dear
and adorable Jones. Amidst all the eVi-
dences of their friendship you should
remember me. ana say 10 yourself, there
breathes a being whose happiness de-
pends upon me, or the cruelest torments
Farewell too dear, and too danger
Gus object of my affections. May fate
The Washington times., 1905-07-23
Delia's First Letter to Jones.

II experience the cruclest anxiety for
your health, my only loved one, Dear
Jones, If you are i'll Tar from me, what
will become of me! Ny God. how IN
happy I am! Ny angel. my adorable
,Jcnes, when viii we be reunited, never
10 be separated again? Oh. my lover,
I feel that ] shall never be able TO live
Until your return. MY tender love for
you. my poor health, and above all. my
fears for the fate Of al that is dear
10 me. kill me q thousand times each
day. Would that all my sorrows were
ended! They are indispensable.
''Ah, I know by the torments of my
heart that / have never loved but thee,
and If 1 must be deprived of thee may
/ be deprived also Of life. Jones. dear
lover, pardon thy unhappy Della, par
con her weakness Think that she
adores thee, and that she VIII die if
she causes you pain, or il you forget
her. Canst thou speak to me of living
when / long 10 die for thee, and if II is
possible l would love you beyond the
grave. All that IS not Jones. Is moth
ing. Oh. my angel canst thou know
what viii be my terrible anxiety all
the long days l shall not know if you
lave arrived in American And judge
OF nay love. when I would wish 10 have
you far from me, only to be sure that
you are not exposed TO danger.
How horrible is my positioni Never
has anyone else experienced so barbar-
Gus a fate.
4 received your letters Of the 18th and
18th I declare TO you that I am undecided
upon that matter about which | would
advise with you. l would that l could
give you crown Never was mortal
more worthy OF wearing one. But, my
adorable lover. I fear 10 think OF, mS
fortune. and l feel with despair THAT
cannot make thee happy with it, noi
1--we with thee IN wealth. For me a cot
tage and my lover and / should be toe
hapDyi
The Washington times., 1905-07-23
Where Does Della Ta7

i Jones never lived III the same
house with Della. he provided her MFR
an establishment suitable TO her rank
ana gave her at least a third of all the
money he came by. When he returned
10 Europe disgusted with the gratitude
OF America, the two were again united.
From that time on even during his SER
vice as an admiral in the Russian navy
Jones saw much of Della. She was a
great help TO him Ia many ways. Clever
and bright she acted often as his sec
retary and transcribed n2uch of his vol
luminous correspondence. Also at court
she was OF assistance 10 him.
While no other letters OF Jones TO
Della are to be found there are many
references to her in his correspondence
with othes, particularly Jefferson, when
he was minister to France. Jones con-
stantly asked him to look after her we'll
fare and jefferson showed her great
kindness.
After the French revolution Della was
employed by Barere, the editor of Ma
poleone official organ. both under the
consulate and under the empire. She
also taught the young ladies of Jose
phlpe's suite English, which she spoke
very we'll
Now that the remains of John Paul
Jones have been exhumed and are being
brought to this country with all the
honor and pOmp which can be shown 4
naval hero, it would be interesting to
know the last resting place of the heart
] that loved him so faithfully,