Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1905-06-12

sisMARcK DAILY TRIBUNE.
1made individual farmers Independent
Of distant supplies, but 1t has led to
tine organization of many neighbor-
Ihood cooperative undertakings which
lare proving very satisfactory. and has
led also to travelling pumping plants,
on wheels and on Hat boats. All SUCH
undertakings seem to be satisfactory
when they are up to date in machinery
and methods. s."'aEsE u
I On many farms there are already
wells with windmills and pumps, for
Supplying water for stock, which can
Ebe utilized to raise a good garden Of
vegetables and small fruits, or to save
a garden crop in d short season OF
drought. Either the mill Is shut down
much Of the time Of the water is all
lowed to waste onto the ground around
the watering trough. They only add
ed investment necessary in order to
use this waste is, for tank or reser-
voir to hold the waste water until
enough has accumulated to be of use.
The water from an ordinary pump will
flow but a few feet from the well If
allowed to run on the ground, but if
1t is collected in a tank or reservoir,
and run out in q good-sized stream,
1t can be carried for a considerable
distance, even III an open ditch, and
much farther in pipe or trough, and
can be made to water quite an area Of
garden. = - -. - ~ -.-'.
| Distribution Of Irrigation Water.
For the conveyance of water from
1.-The source of supply to the ground to
be irrigated, as we'll for it's distribu-
ton thereon, the ditch is the prevail
ing agency: The laying out and con-
struction of bitches. has been already
discussed. -. :
| Their obvious advantages are chean-
ness and durability. The chief disad-
vantage lies in the loss of water bv
evaporation and seepage. Where the
water supply is scant and where the
SOIL is so open that the loss of. water
by seepage is likely to cause in1urv
TO good land on lower levels, the saw.
ing OF these losses may justify the ex-
pend1ture necessary to prevent seen.
age by planking the ditch, or to insure
aeilVery OF water without loss from
any cause by the use of a pipe line.
/ The board fume is upon, the +, whole
ene most available recourse when the
simple open ditch will not answer, and
tne cheapest fiume for CARRYING a
small stream of water is the y-sbaned
trough OF two wide boards nailed to
gether along two edges and bedded IN
tne soil with short .cross-pleces nndar
the end joints. This prevents loss or
wafer by seepage, reduces friction
ana delivers the water rapidly with q
very slight fall and escapes the erosion
ol a dirt ditch if the slope is sharn,
Even where the water must be car,i ID
over an uneven surface in f1uma su,,
ported by stakes and cross pieces tho
Deooed V fume is still desirable for
'ne parts where good grade in tho
earth can be found. -. :,
The various ways in which water 10
distributed for the growth of fruits
according, to the slope of the ground
and character of the soil, has been
discussed in such detail in farmers,
bulletin No. 116 that the reader 10
again referred to that publication. The
principles and practices there pre.
sented are also of wide applicability
to the use OF water for field and gar.
oen crops, and should be considered
| herewith. 70, y, ~ ~ -
.~ Free Flooding.
Free flooding is the Oldest and SIM
plest form of field irrigation and con-
sists In turning water out UPON the
land with only the incidental restraint
OF the banks of the bitches. from
which it is released usually by spade
cuts at intervals. or by OVERLOOKING
the banks themselves. On slopes the
water may be carried In ten1porarv
laterals plowed out approximately on
the level, or such laterals may be per-
manently made and retained, as their
low sloping banks need not interfere
with the crossing Of field MACHINERY
The water has free flow down the
slope until the overflow is caught. by
the next ditch below and flows from e
to the lower slopes.
The evenness Of the distribution de-
Ponds in part, upon the uniform grade
OF the land and It's freedom from
knobs or hummocks and in the sur
face. 81, ) .,.s 4.
] lrrigating in Burrows.
The furrow system is the simplest,