davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1905-05-02
BUILD
DIP VATS
SUPERINTENDENT OF STOCK
YARDS REQUESTED BY Gov
EMINENT TO ERECT PLANT.
Only One Other Sheep Dipping Plant
in State and Government Informs
Messrs. Davis and Thomas That
Large Number Of Sheep Will Be
Treated in Laramie.

Messrs. John Davis and Will Thomas,
superintendent of the stock yards
and sheep reserves in this city, have
been requested by the government to
establish a sheep dipping plant on the
reserve precautionary to the treatment
of sheep, the government giving
the gentlemen to understand that If
they do not engage in the business the
federal authorities will undertake the
matter, as there are vast numbers of
sheep coming here that should be
and Davis have already begun prepa-
~rations for the building OF an adequate
plant.
1t was learned this morning tuat no
less than three bands of sheep are in
fected with scabies in this county, and
the state authorities are preparing a
vigorous campaign. The following
special telegram from Cheyenne to
the Denver Post was inspired by Sec
rotary G. S. Walker Of the state board
of sheep commissioners:
Great excitement has been created
in Albany and northern Laramie coun-
ties by an outbreak Of scabies among
the sheep. The Riverside. Swan Land
and Cattle company, Millbrook and
L. J. Bell outfit are known to have
the disease. Secretary Walker Of the
state board of sheep commissioners
has ordered all diseased and exposed
sheep into quarantine and the infec-
ton checked at once. Sheep known
to have the disease will be dipped
twice and all exposed sheep will be
dipped at once The disease Is be-
lieved to have been spread by the
Bell sheep, which were shipped in
from Oregon a year ago. It was sup
posed these sheep were cleaned up at
che time, but there was evidently
some careless work somew where"
MIR. Fleming, the government in
spector, was here today. comforting
with the local sheep men regarding
the situation, and it is believed such
vigorous action will be taken as to
prevent a spread of the disease and
cause the cases to be stamped out.
, 1905-05-02

Defebaugh, John H. Hardin, w. D.
Haynie. frank Hubbard, w. F. Hypes,
E. U. Kimbark Eames McVeigh,
John Mccarthy and John G. Miller.
Among the callers at The Republican
Office during the short stay of the
party in Laramie we're Mr.. E. U. Kim
bark of the Paper Mills company. Mr..
Eames McVeigh Of Franklin, McVeigh
& Co. and Mr.. J. E. Defebaugh of the
American Lumberman, a trade paper
devoted to lumber. Mr. Miller Of John
G. Miller & Co. clothing. is well known
here, having been connected with Mr..
A. E. Miller In the Temple Of Econ
omy. The party left at 1 o'clock for
Cheyenne.
, 1905-05-02
Slow Orders Taken Up,

Several of the slow orders issued a
few days ago on account Of the bad
track on the Laramie-Rawlins section,
due to the recent storm, were taken up
and this morning, and trains
are making better time. There Ia q
tremendous rush of business from the
west, which has been going on since
the Edison tunnel embargo was raised
last week. The landing of some large
transoceanic vessels at San Francisco
brought to the shore a large amount
of Asiatic and Philippine freight for
different cities in the east.
, 1905-05-02
SIGNED AGREEMENT WITH TEAM
STEERS BECAUSE MUST HAVE
COAL FOR STREET CAR
LINES OF CITY.
Rumored That Other Firms Will Be
Compelled to Follow suit-Rubber
Dealers Have Also Signed With
Breakers Arrive From Kansas City
and s.. Louis.

Chicago, ILL.,. May 1.-The Union
Traction company today signed an
agreement with the Transfers union
because it absolutely must have coal
to run the street cars of the city. 1t
Is rumored that other firms will be
compelled to follow suit. Morgan &
Wright, rubber dealers, have also
signed with the union. The officials
of the Employers association today
profess to know nothing Of the alleged
plan to arm the drivers with rifles.
The Employers Teaming company had
500 teams ready for service this morn
ing. The police allowed four uni
formed and several plain clothing men
to each wagon. Curry. the professional
strike breaker, is beginning his work.
Replying to an inquiry, he said: Il
am in this strike breaking business
, 1905-05-02

in place of Conductor w. r. Rich, who
was detained at home by the serious
illness of his daughter, Miss Ada Rich.
When Mr.. Wolcott left Cheyenne this
morning Miss Rich was not expected
to survive many hours.
Roadmaster Deuel. was a west-bound
passenger by freight train this morn
ing.
The motor car laid up at Rawlins
last night, leaving for the west this
morning.
Assistant Superintendent Stenger
and Trainmaster Anderson went west
this morning.
Superintendent Berry Of the tie pre-
serving plant yesterday added eigh-
teen men to his working force.
, 1905-05-02
MISSOURI BANK
GOES TO THE WALL
STATE BANK AT WAVERLY IN
THE HANDS OF THE STATE
BANK EXAMINER.
Closed by Order Of the Secretary Of
State and Examiners Find That
$4,000 Supposed to Be Due From
Other Banks Is Not Forthcoming
Cashier Is Missing.

Jefferson City, Mo-, May 1.-THE
State bank at Waverly, Mo-, is in the
hands Of State Bank Examiners Wade
and Cook today, having been closed
by order of Secretary of State
Swanger, who said: I'VE examined
the bank on April 81 and found about
$50 900 supposed to be due from other
banks. We checked these amounts, as
usual, and were advised that none of
the banks owed sums IS charged. The
had a capital Of $4,000. The
looks bad. Eugene H. Lewis,
the cashier, left Waverly on the oath"
, 1905-05-02
TO CITY AFTER
BIG LOAD OE SEED.

Frank Smith and Charlie Oviatt
came in from their ranches at Jelm
this afternoon, intending to return to-
morrow with loads of seed oats, barley
and timothy for the spring planting.
Mr.. Smith was Ii pleasant caller at
this Office. He says there is awakened
interest in his section over agriculture
and during the week any number Of
ranchmen will visit the city and lay
in their seed supplies. The spring has
been cold and wet, and unusually
backward, but he looks for a prosper
GUS and busy summer.
, 1905-05-02
WILL CELEBRATE OPENING.
Oklahoma Counties Will Have Ami
versary August Sixth.

Lawton, Okla, May 2.-The opening
of the Kiowa-C Commando country will
be celebrated here August g.. 1t will be
the first anniversary in which all the
new counties will participate. Twenty
to thirty thousand visitors are ex-
pected,
, 1905-05-02
A PARDON HIM.
Governor Of Kansas Will Pass Uron
Willie Sells Case Later.

Topeka, Kas., May 2.-The formal
hearing of the application for a pardon
for Willie Sells was closed at l o'clock.
The governor said he would not de-
eide the Ease now, and said the inter-
ested parties could present further evil
dence till the case was closed. Sew
eral of those opposing the pardon are
persuaded that the governor will grant
it. At the close Of the hearing the
governor frankly admitted his doubt
as to the convict's guilt.
, 1905-05-02
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT WILL RE-.
TURN TO WASHINGTON A
WEEK FROM NEXT
FRIDAY.
Desires to Greet Delegates to Meeting
of international Railway Congress
at Tea to Be Given by Mrs. Roose-
welt in White House-ConsuI Gen.
eral Wynne Refused to Hear Mae
Wood or Read Her Love Letters.

Washington, D. c., May 2.-Presi-
dent Roosevelt is expected to arrive
here May ~. That afternoon Mrs.
Roosevelt will give a tea at the White
house in honor of the delegates to the
convention of the International Rail.
way congress. The desire to greet
the delegates is said to be n reason
given by the president for curtailing
his outing. The president will be in
Denver for the annual convention Of
live stock growers.
, 1905-05-02
JOE TAYLOR PASSES
FORT LOGAN EXAMINATION.

Captain Tidball of the corps of ca
diets of the university was informed
this afternoon that Joe Taylor had
successfully passed the examination
at Fort Logan for admission to the
military academy at West Point, and
that he will 10Y be enrolled as a
cadet, having met every requirement
of admission.
, 1905-05-02
COMING OF
BOOSTERS
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE COM.
PLErEs PROGRAM FOR
RECEPTION FRIDAY.
Party Expected at 1880 In the Evening,
and After Being shown About the
Business District, Will Be Taken
to M~asnnerehor Hall and Enliv.
ened intellectually.

The executive committee appointed
to arrange for the coming Of the Den
yer excursionists next Friday evening
met at the ONCE Of Mayor Mckee This
afternoon, the whole committee, con-
sisting of Chairman Holiday and
Messrs. Mckee, Spicer, Miller and
Gramm, and arranged q program for
the reception to be rendered the visit
ors at Maennerchor hall at 9 o'clock
Friday evening. with Mayor Mckee
presiding. The party is scheduled to
arrive at 7:30 and leave at midnight
for Cheyenne. They will be met west
Of Laramie by a committee Of. eight,
under the leadership Of Mr.. Gramm
and escorted to the city, being received
on the depot platform by the entire
city. The stores will be kept open and
brilliantly lighted, and the visitors will
be shown about by the business men
Of the city. The following program
was arranged at the meeting this af-
ternoon:
Music by Cooks Drum Corps.
Address Of Welcome-Mayor Mckee.
Response by Denver visitor.
Music by Male ouartette.
General Resources'-C. P. Arnold.
RespouseeDenyer visitor.
Mustc-WyominR Glee club.
"Uniyersity Of Wyoming"-C. b.
Ridsaway.
Observation-Disclosures visitor.
, 1905-05-02
BARGAIN COUNTER FIGHT.
Women Almost In Riot to Get to the
New store.

Paggistown, Md. May 2.-Hundreds
Of women seeking bargains rushed to
the opening of a new department store
here, and 90 great was the crowd that
q number of the women forced their
way through by jabbing others with
hat pins, little caring whom they
wounded. The throng extended out to
the middle of the street, and the pres
sure to reach the inside was terrific.
Many women and girls tainted and
screams were frequent.
, 1905-05-02
REFUSES HIS PAY.
illinois Legislator Who 10 Not Allowed
to Participate.

Springfield, ILL.,, May frank Com
erford today presented to the house .
declining to accept his sal
ary ~ . member because his col
leagues refused to permit him to par
ticipate in legislative matters since his
reelection. A number Of members
declined to be in = group photograph
Il Comefford was In. Comsfford says
he has no desire to have hh photo
Graph taken except with honest men.
, 1905-05-02
Soldier. saluted With Kiss.

Gun Shu Pass, Manchuria, May q
General Linevitch has been celebrat-
ing Easter. After the morning services
all the troops around headquarters
were drawn up before the command
er's tent. He greeted them and passed
down the line saluting each soldier
with a kiss. All the men were moved
and many wept. The incident served
to increase their boundless worship Of
the old leader.
, 1905-05-02
Brooklyn Building Strike.

New York, May 2.-Brooklyn today
has a trades building strike, and 49,
900 men are involved. The men de-
mand eight hours, with double time
for extra work. They demand a wage
rate of 50 a day for hodcarriers n
$3.50 for plasterers and their helpers.
The employers say they cannot pay
these prices.
, 1905-05-02
sleepers Now Running Through.

SieeperS NOW unhin hrou0h
The new through %sleepers Of the San
Pedro, Salt Lake and Los Angeles rail
road are making their first trip over
the Union Pacific, one sleeper being
attached to each Of the overland lin
tied trains passing through Laramie
last night. These sleepers run through
from Chicago to Los Angeles and re-
turn under a similar traffic agreement
as that entered into with the North
western. The Union Pacific limited
trains are now composed Of Union
Pacific, Northwestern and San Pedro
sleepers, running through from Chi
cago to Los Angeles, San Francisco
and Portland over the Oregon Short
Line, Southern Pacific and new Clark
road,
, 1905-05-02
WELL REMEMBERED
BY JOSEPH LoHLEIN.

Joseph Lohlein, president of the Lar
annie Saddlery company, this morning
told q reporter for The Republican that
he we'll remembered Jimmie" Cooper,
about whom there ID inquiry from
Berkeley, Cal. Mr.. Cooper owned a
ranch q few miles southeast of Lara
, 1905-05-02
Wynne Is Coming Home.

London, May 2.-Consul General
Wynne, who is preparing to sail to
New York, yesterday attended to some
private business. Discussing the suit
of Mae Wood of Omaha, he said he
had declined to hear her stories about
Senator Plat or read the letter she
brought.
, 1905-05-02
GOVERNOR BROOKS
NAMES TWO BOARDS.

Governor Brooks has appointed At
torney General Mullen, State Engineer
Johnston and c. w. Burdick as the
to investigate the Wyoming
water laws, and Drs. William Frackel-
of Sheridan, Peter Appel of Chey-
enne and W. c. Cunningham Of Evans-
ton as the state board Of dental exam
liners.
, 1905-05-02

Trustees Re-elected-A. C. Jones and
W. H. Frazee.
Funds Appropriated-For teachers,
$500; janitors', $1,000; fuel, 81 900;
books and supplies, $1,000; incidentals
and repairs, $500.
Reports Read-Director's, Trcasur-
er's, Auditing committees.
, 1905-05-02
PALE AND DISTRESSED.
Nan Patterson Enters Court Room fer
Last Day Of Trial.

New York, May MAN Patterson
looked pale and distressed when she
entered the court room for what is
expected to be the last day for
speeches. Prosecutor Rand summed
up for the state.
Recorder Golf today ordered all wo-
men seeking to attend the Patterson
trial out Of the court room
, 1905-05-02
Work Begun at Edson Tunnel.

Work Begun at Edison Tunnel.
The Utah Construction company has
secured the contract for the necessary
repairs on account Of the landslide and
caving Of the Edison tunnel on the
Union Pacific, and today sent ment up
to establish . camp for 100 .
, 1905-05-02
May Succeed corteIyou.

Cleveland, o., May 2.-The friends
of Elmer Dover, secretary of the re-
publican national committee, figure
that he may succeed C~ortelyou as post
master general If the latter enters the
life insurance business.
, 1905-05-02
CONTINUED from page ~

ME, going from there to a ranch above
the Bosler ranch on the Laramie river.
This ranch he sold in 1888 or 1889 and
went to Virginia, just what town Mr..
Lohlein did not remember. Mr.. Coop
er was a small man, jolly and hearty,
and was a good citizen.
, 1905-05-02
Gets vote Of Thanks,

The Cheyenne party who made the
run from Cheyenne to this city in the
motor car Sunday night passed . reso-
luton of thanks to Assistant Master
Mechanic George Lickert, who had
the matter in charge.
, 1905-05-02
ANNUAL MEETING OF
SCHOOL DISTRICT

which were received and ordered
placed on file.
The following sums were then ap-
portioned to the needs of the district
for The ensuing year.:
Teachers 81 ,6OO.0 0
Janltors . l,6OO.OO
Fuel . l,VUV.uo
Books and supplies. ......... 100000
~Incidentals and repairs 10000
There being no further business of
a routine nature, the electors proceed
ed with the election of two trustees
to success Messrs. Frazee and Jones,
whose terms of office expired at this
time. Mr.. Hogbin nominated Mr.. Fra.
zee to be his WI successor n Mr..
Beltz named Mr.. Jones to succeed him
self. A ballot was ordered, w. S. Ing
ham and G. A. Cook being named as
~tellers. Tie vote resulted as follows,
the ballot, on motion being closed at
$50 o'clock:
Jones
fraZee
The scattering included two votes
for G. A. Cook. two for A. C. Hogbin
and one for N. E. Corthell.
Messrs. Jones and Frazee having re-
ceived a majority of all the votes cast
at the election, they were declared by
Director Gramm to have been elected
for a term of three years each, after
which the meeting adjourned.
, 1905-05-02

Waverly, Mo-, May Bank Elk
aminer Cook said: I'VE have not yet
decided whether or not a warrant will
be issued. The information comes to
me that Lewis has been specializing"
, 1905-05-02
HOT IN CHICAGO.
Warm Wave Felt in Windy City by
the Lakes

Chicago, ILL.,, May at was very
warm here today. At 9 o'clock the
temperature was 60, against 4S in
New York, SO in Philadelphia. Sc in
Washington and AZ in st. Paul.
, 1905-05-02
Monument for War Nurses,

Washington, D. c., May 1.-The So.
ciety of American War Nurses In
yelled a monument here this afternoon
in honor of the nurses who died in the
Spanish-American
, 1905-05-02
NOT GOOD HUNTING.
Severe Storm Keeps President Roose-
welt Indoors Again.

Glenwood Springs. Colo, May q
The severe storm continued today and
hunting was impossible. Loeb's re-
turn to town was delayed.
, 1905-05-02

Conductor Doll Wolcott VA in
charge Of train No. 8 this afternoon,
, 1905-05-02
TRUSTEES JONES AND FRAZEE
REELECTED FOR TERM OF
THREE YEARS WITHOUT
OPPOSITION.

Eighty-Seven Votes Cast and Little In
terest Generally in Proceedings
Appropriations Made for Support
rector, Treasurer and Auditing
Committee Read and Filled.
, 1905-05-02

Why not get all the news when 1t 10
news. by reading The Pepublicanf
, 1905-05-02
n WILL LEAVE
HEANED IlNINI

DENVER UNIVERSITY.
1t is reported that Chancellor H. A.
Buchtel of the Denver university has
accepted a call to fill the pulpit of the
Grand Avenue Methodist church in
Kansas City.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18
Notice Of Application for Liz
uor License.

State OF Minnesota, County Of st. Louis,
Village of Iron juno ton MINI. As.
Notice is hereby given that application has
been made in writing to the common council
OF the village OF iron junction and filed in my
Office, praying for license to sell intoxicating
liquors for period of one year. commencing
on the 1st day of Sept, A.. D. 1905, and
terminating on the 31st day7,of Aug. A. d.
1905, by the following persons and at the
following place as stated in said application,
tO-wit:
- l.. @. NELSON & SON.,
In the front room on the ground floor of the
one story frame building situated on lot No.
Z, Block l. Merritt Ave. Ryan Junction. an
addition to the village of Iron Junction,
Mimi.
Said application will be heard: and deter
mined by the said common council Of the
yiliage--o of Iron junction at a meeting OF said
council TO- be held In the council chamber
of said village of Iron Junction on the 31st
day OF August. 1905. at p, m.
~ Witness my hand and the seal of the said
village this 10th day of August, A. D. 1905.
1879 r. @. YOU'VE,
Corporate Seal,) Village Recorder.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18
Ordinance No. 9.

An ordinance prohibiting any female person
from lettering in and frequenting saloons
and from being entertained, or dancing or
singing in saloons in the Village of Me-
KinleV.
The village council OF the Village of Nc
Kinley. do Ordain as follows:
Section l. 1t shall be, unlawful for any fe-
male person to loiterin and frequent saloons
in the Village OF Mckinley. and it shall be
unlawful for any saloon keeper or bartender
to.allow or permit any female person to
loiter about or frequent any saloon in the
the Village of Mckinley, and it shall be UNI
lawful for any female person to sing or dance
In any saloon in the Village of Mckinley,
and 1t shaf~be unlawful for any female per
son to be entertained in any room that is
connected.by' a door or opening with any
saloon in the Village of Mckinley, and air
salO0nkeepers and bartenders are hereby
Prohibited from allowing any female person
to drink. lotter, be entertained, dance or sing
nany saloon or room connected Herewith
In the Village of Mckinley =.
Section b. Any female, person or other
person violating any the provisions of this
ordinance upon their arrest and conviction
thereof by the proper court shall be fined
not less than $500 nor more than e25.00 and
the costs Of trial, and in default OF payment
Of said fine and. costs shall be confined
in the county Jail until such fine and costs
are paid. not to exceed thirty go) days. > p
This ordinance shall take effect and be in
force from and after it's passage, approval
and publication: :~<5' " :=.5s5 - ~. =.
August 4. 1905. - 49, Ed OLSEN, %
Z President Of the Village OF Mckinley.
Attest. August 1, 1866. - Sz ~ .@zs>.
Z: T.. r.. ..<s:5s PErrR holland, !.
= : -, -, - s'*>'~ Village Recorder,
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18
9ook.keepers, Stenographers, and
Office Assistants IN Great Demand;

The diary record of the Duluth
Business university, which is open
for inspection, shows that during
the months of June and July, in re-
Spouse to seventy-two calls received
forclerical help forty two students
were recommended to j: positions
leaving thirty good positions = Of
fered withsno= Business University
graduates of this school about
double the supply, while the +gradu-
ates Of other so:called business COL,
leges cannot procure employment?
Because this issa high grade Bust.
mesa College, one of the very best in
the country. The work done in this
school meets precisely the require
rnents of up:to-date Office practice.
The motto of the school,. which. is
carried out to the letter, is, ITO pre-.
pare young people for up-to,date,
Office practice and: when prepared
to procure for them suitable cleri-
cal employment" This school has
the confidence of the business. pub.
lie and the patronage of all the best
business firms, at the Head. of the
Lakes. It's course of training has
started over two thousand young
men and women on the road to sue
cess. The Fifteenth Annual. Open
ing of the College will occur on
Tuesday September 18th.
For full particulars address w. c.
McCarter, Prop, 1867 w.. Sup. St.
Duluth phone 307-M, Zenith Phone
719.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18
Living on Simple Food.

living OF simple FOOD.
on IN kilos (31-3 pounds) of rye
bread consumed daily is, of course,
purely theoretical, inasmuch as no one
is able to live on rye bread alone for
q length of time. But II the bread is
made more palatable by the addition
OF butter, sausages. or the like, and IL
some. other food is substituted every
day for part of the bread. such bev.
erages as warm coffee being also con-
sumsd,. theaz,the statement expresses
what actually happens. with many peo.
Dlo.Sr
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18
Some ChiBese, Nasaea..z

T. The Chinese are not entirely con.
tent. with the names which jewellers
In .various lands have. given to their
countries. and In ., consequence they
haze invented names Of their own for
them. some OF which are very apt
andsdescriptive. For inata1ce. France
II called "Fa-Ko,y the lana.of lawless.
ness; Germany isst"s llIiI1s,s therxirtu.
Gus country Ensiand iszs4 .'1Ts11nao -
the blooming land. and Am, I'D
ssl6eakKo." the beaatiluf hadk g.: T. :.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18

Mrs. S. A. Hendricks. came down
from her homestead near Camp No.
50 Wednesday. She will remain un.
til Saturday and is a. guest at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. A. Bickford
while in the city.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18

Have you seen that cracker. jack
window display of Headlight Over
alls at Ben Levins? The Headlight
is something new in quality They
look the best, wear the best and are
the best. Sizes from 90 down and
the price is correct. -. -
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18

gaafd John Ches nor ke1 Is f1eyid Beeu-
dom. 81 YtrRfnia. Minnesota. III ftsen 49,
saiRnment dated The 18th law of July. q. DE-
51o06 and recorded IN the once at said register
of deeds On the 10Th day az July. a. ID. 1905 at
S O'clock 3. M. IA Book sl48s 81 Mortgages. on
mage $50 thereOf q nd M action or r,roceedinn
having been instituted at law Of other wise to
RECOVER. The debt secured by said: mortgage Or
anys nart thereof -
q Now. Therefore. Notice is hereby given
tnlst ny yfrt IL, Of the newer of sa1a cnrtained
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18

Will hurry, the genial auburn.
haired Knight of the grip who
makes this territory for :Tubbs,
Hutchings & Co., of Minneapolis,
called on the Virginia trade Tues
day and Wednesday. He says the
Range territory always looks good
to him. :. IF
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18
Buy the Elgin shirt. AtHaH,ss~

Ben Levinsiasprepareds stosft syou
oufsin the latest sty1es.fall head.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-08-18

Say! Have you seen those half
dollar cravats that look dollarish in
Leyin's window = #>ss<s -