davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
CRIMINAL NEWS.

Rothwell Pulford, reputed to be the
wealthiest citizen of Savannah, ILL.,,
committed suicide Thursday a few
minutes after being questioned regard
ing the whereabouts of a revolver with
which he was suspected of having
slain Attorney Daniel s. Berry, former
leading member of the Illinois legisla-
ture.
August w. Machen, formerly super.
intendent of free delivery Of the post
Office department, pleaded guilty at
Washington to an indictment charging
conspiracy to defraud the government
and was given an additional two years
in the penitentiary,
At Wheaton, Mimi. Miss Antonio
Seidensticker, the dfteen-year-old
daughter Of Fred Seidensticker, shot
and killed her lover, Herman Scheff,
and then shot and fatally wounded
herself, supposedly during a lovers
quarrel.
The Northern Pacific North Coast
limited was held up about II p. m.
May 81 two miles east of Bearmouth,
Mont. The robber, after wrecking
the safe, was knocked senseless by
the express messenger and captured.
Mrs. Mary Ellen Lease, the former
Kansas lecturer, was held -up in her
home in New York city by two bur-
glars, who held a revolver to her head
and robbed her of $11O in cash and
$500 worth of jewelry and silverware.
Gessler Rosseau, who was convicted
of sending an internal machine to the
pier of the steamship Umbria at New
York city in March, 1908, has been
sent to state prison for not less than
three nor more than five years.
At Ross Valley, CAL, William Ste
phens murdered his wife, shot his five
children, three of whom died instantly,
attempted to murder a passing milk
man and then committed suicide.
John A. Shields has been convicted
at Benson, Minn., of murder in the
second degree for the killing Of c. G..
Maxon on Dec. "a, 1904, at Kirkhoven.
Mrs. Julia Paulson of Dewitt, a..
threw herself and her three children
of a bridge into a creek. Two chill
dren and the mother were drowned.
The petition for a new trial for Mrs.
Mary Rogers, convicted of the murder
of her husband, has been denied by
the supreme court of Vermont.
At Pittsburg George Brockie, w
years old, fatally stabbed his brother
Adam, fifteen years old, with a pair Of
scissors during a fit of anger.
w. C. lutte, a wealthy Pi%ttsburger,
committed suicide at Atlantic City, N.
j., shooting himself through the heart.
Ill health vas the cause.
AS the result Of domestic troubles
Mrs. Tip Sanders drowned herself and
three children in q creek near Sulphur
Springs, Tex.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
OF THE WEEK
RUSSIAN FLEET MANIPULATED.

y In the great naval battle fought Sat
ur0ay and Sunday in the straits of
Korea the japanese obtained a COM
plete and overwhelming victory. Late
sdvices showed Rojestvensky's feet,
composed Of all his most effective and
powerful ships. was completely shat
tered. According to the latest infor-
nation two Russian battleships, one
coast defense armorclad, Ave cruisers,
two, special service ships and three
des&royers were sunk and there were
captured two battleships, two coast
defense armorclads and M special
service ship.
Rojestvensky's flagship escaped, bad
h damaged, and with other vessels Of
hi broken feet Is being pursued by
the victorious Japanese. Rear Ad-
mirai N~ebogatof, however, was cap
tnred, with 5000 other prisoners. 1t
seems probable that in their crippled
condition other Russian vessels will
fall into the hands of the Japanese
before they can reach V%ladivostok.
While London runners say that sew
eral Japanese vesseN were lost Ad-
sNiral Togo officially reports that his
squadron was not damaged. A num-
Der of Russian vessels still remain
near Shanghai, but 1t is evident that
as a fighting force the great feet has
been destroyed.
No details of the battle have yet
been permitted to pass the Japanese
censor, but Toxic dispatches make it
clear that Admiral Togo is pressing
his advantage and harrassing the Rus
sian vessels, which are attempting to
take refuge at ~Vladivostok, and make
more complete his already sweeping
victory. "
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
UNFORTUNATE EVENTS.

Half q million dollars is a conserva
tive estimate of the damage done by
the overflow of the Rio Grande north
Of Ell Paso, Tex. Between 5000 and
10000 acres of farm lands are unde,
water, crops and farm machinery have
been lost and all houses in the path
Of the waters washed away.
The Rio Grande, now almost a mile
wide, is flowing through the middle o.
the village SofssTogme. N. NJ, while the
600 inhabitants of the village are
camping on the hills and watching
their homes being swept away.
Mr. and Mrs. Gust Miller Of Louis.
Vile, o., and Mrs. Howell and daugh'
ter of South Bend, Ind, were struck by
a passenger train. on the Pennsylvania
road near the former place and ell
were instantly killed:
Over 400 mules persisted in q fire
that destroyed the sales stables OF
Maxwell & Crouch and Spark Bros. ct
the National stock yards, East st.
Louis, Ill. So
In a rearend collision.sbetween two
trolley cars returning to Baltimore
from a,aalsburbAufesorton man was
killed and thirtysdye persons were In
jured.
Two men were instantly killed and
q third fatally injured when a. passen-
ger train on the Pennsylvania road
struck a buggy at a crossing in Chi
cago.
"a 10 1.-t5l H - ~.
Two laborers met a horrible death
by asphyxiation and ten others mar
rowly escaped withstheir lives insure
at the Flour City hotel, Minneapolis.
Fred Lee. Frank Gray, Miss Lou
Rhodes and Miss Sarah Gates, all of
Springfield, Mo-, were drowned in the
James river near that place Sunday. q,
Frost which touched Iowa in half q
dozen sections Thursday night is be.
liev.d to have done sa,,onc a 90 To-
early crops and fruits.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
FOREIGN NEWS.

Baron Alphonse de Rothschild, heat
of the French branch of the banking
house bearing the name of Rothschilt
and governor of the Bank of France
died at Paris Friday from acute bron
chitis, aggravated by govt. The EN-
jnent fnancier had been sinking slow
" for many days, but there was no ap
prehension that his death was i'm
minent.
The governor of Baku, Caucasia
Prince Nakachidza, vas assassinatet
Wednesday by q bomb which wa
thrown at his carriage. A lieutenant
Who was accompanying the governor
and a bystander also killed b,
the explosion and the coachman Is be
lieved to have been fatally injured.
The Russky Slave of Moscow prints
q dispatch from Vladivostok which in
dicates that the inhabitants of the
whole maritime region of Eastern 81
IBERIA, including the island of Sakhalin
and the kamchatka peninsula, are fac
Ing starvation on account of the situa,
--tion produced by the war.
1AA6 00SoAS az lnC 6AlLIA6 VI IAS
Norwegian council of ministers, de
elined to sign the law creating a sep
arate consular system for Norway
The ministers Immediately rendered
their designations, but the king re
fused to accept them.
The Chilean cruiser Presidente Pinto
has foundered In the Gulf of Ancud.
north of the island of Chloe, off the
southern part of the coast of Chile.
According to n report her comman-
der, Captain Whiteside, committed
suicide in despair. s&sxs
Count Stefan Keglevitch has been
killed at Budapest BIZ Karl Hence of
the Peoples pai4Jdaa duel fought
with swords. T~he&a6SSting was the
outcome sof-a heated dispute in the
chamber OF deputies.
A massacre of Armenians by the
Tartar POPULATION is proceeding at
NalhtcheYG rNYernment of Erivan,
Transcallo Ia in the surrounding
villasgl39 treets are filled with
fsquieting news regard
mr. yefhal situation and of the
r. II of hostilities between Arme-
~ and Moslems In the Southern
a vs. has reached st. Petersburg.
French fishing vessel Cousin
HeApisSis believed to have been lost
oR Grand Banks, near Newfound-
t au'asss ~lRpealard. She carried a
~ asta.saan and thirty
wounded Mk Warsaw, Rus
.sian, POLAND, 6sJewish workmen
and the JeSishakeepers of disorderly
houses.
James Francis Xavier O'Brien. Ma
tionalist member of parliament for
Cork, is dead, aged seventy-four.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
CONTEST NOTICE
Department of the Interior,

VA GAtS Y
United States Land Office, Minot, North
|. A sufficient contest afldavit having been filed
in this Office by Erick Leu, Contestant, against
1eo2, for the swk, section 3, township l!e, range
alleged that said claimant has wholly. aban-
doned said tract; that he has changed his resi-.
since making said entry; that, said tract is not
required by law and that such default now
exists, Further that the said alleged absence
from the said land was not due to his employ
ment in the us. army, navy or marine corps
in in time Of war: Said parties are ahereby! mott.
touching said allegation at 10 O'Clock 4. NJ, June
q. 1905, before James T. McCulloch, U. s. Com.
missioner at his office in Washburn, N. d. and
that final hearing will be held at 10 O'Clock q.
ceiver at the United States land Office in Mi
not, North Dakota.
The said contestant having, in a proper affi-
davit,,. filed April 20, 1923, set forth facts which
show that after due diligence personal service
Of this notice cannot be made, it is hereby or
dered and directed that such notice be given
by due and proper publication.
SIS R. c. Sanborn. Register.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
aIde

The value Of Fo%rmaldehyde as a
preventative Of smut in wheat and
other grains has been SO clearly
demonstrated, that it would be an
unwise thing for any farmer to
plant his grain without first giving
it a treatment with the above sub
stanc. But it is also very necessary
to procure formaldehyde ofthe stan
dard strength, 4O%. Since hand
ling, we have always had our For
maldehyde tested, and this Spring
we guarantee full 400. Call early
and get what you will need.
FORBES DRUG STORE,
Washburn, N. D.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
Fresh bread and pies at Merry's
Lands, Loans, that's all. KLEIN

AAO0AA OAOoN oAAA HAO0 az 41OA4y 9
Lands, Loans, that's all. KLEIN
LAND AGENCY.
Digen loans money-lots of it
on real estate.
Get your Abstract from Digen.
Fol- Farm Loans do not forget
to see Jos. Mann.
WARD, OF ROBINSON. N. D., has
Horses for Sale.
About that Farm Loan-see the
Klein Land Agency.
See F. E.. Funk, First Natl Bank
Washburn, for a good proposition
on land loans.
Clothing Repaired, Cleaned and
Pressed at the PANTORIUM.
Money! MoneyAr,$5O,OOO to loan
on real estate .-PETE A. SCHMIDT.
Our Land Loans have attractive
features. Liberal terms. +. T.. Funk
First National Bank, Washburn.
A $40 acre Improved Farm near
Weller or Coal Harbor, is wanted.
See us about your farm if you want
TO sell.-KLE1N LAND AGENCY.
Proofs! Proofs! See me first
when proving up. I can give you.
q good deal. PETER A. SCHMIDT.
Fence posts from three to five
cents each at Peterson Machine ca.
Live Stock Insuranoez~FF.
First Natl Bank, Washburn
FoR'SALE:-Two or three first
class secondhand Threshing outfits
Will sell cheap on easy terms
The Peterson Machine Co..
1 FS ssAEr=:1wo iG-inch wang
ing stubble plows, $12 each; a few
Moline and Canton pillow shares;
one walking corn cultivator, eight
shovels, SIS, at HOLTAN'S.
We have calls for few improved
places. Call in if you want to sell
your LAND AGENCY.
Get your farm property insured.
companies, lowrates. FEE.
LIST Natl. Bank, Washburn.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
Notice for Publication.
Department of the Interior,

Department Of the Interior,
Land Office ct Bismarck, N. D., April 6, 1906.
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim, and
that said proof will be mad before E. A. Lamb
1905, viz:
William NJ. Pace,
for the SWA section q, Township 145, n. range
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon and cultivation
of said land, viz:
burn, n. D., Erick Anderson and Simon Sezlap,
of Eastman, N. d.
AIS N. II. Jewell, Register.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
COAL HARBOR
ELBOW00D6
STAGE LINE

Stage leaves Coal Harbor for
Washburn and Elbowoods at Z Jam.
No. 1 arrives at ashburn11:3Oa.m
and leaves / :O5. No. 2 will notleave
Harbor until arrival Of No. /.
Stages Nos. I and 2 arrive at Coal
Harbor 100 p. "a. No. arrives
at Elbowoods at 90 p. N. Stages
No. 2 and 8 g by way Of Garrison
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
HERD NOTICE.

will take cattle to herd the COM
ing season and horses to pasture,
Plentyofgood range and good water
Best care; will call for stock. Write
or call on
FRANK
t50 Turtle Lake, n. D.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
WANTED

Cattle to herd, from the first of
May until the first of October, at
$l.25 per head. Good range and
good water. Ranch q miles east
Of Brush Lake.
j. r. HOWELL,
48-3tf. McClusky, N. D.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02

Cheapest thing in North Dakota
is good old line fire insurance. See
r.. e. Funk, First Natl Bank
Washburn, N. D.. 46
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
FOR SALE.

Ten head of Pedigree Shorthorn
cattle. Cows, Heifers and Bull
Calves. Call soon and get your
choice. F. w. Macomber,
Washburn, N. d.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02

I can use a couple of good i'm
proved farm loans, about $500.
F. d.. FUNK,
LIST Nat. Bank, Washburn,N.D
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02

ATTENTION, FARMERS! NOW is
the time to insure your property
against Fire, Hail and Tornado. I
am agent for the we'll known st.
Paul Fire & Marine. and six other
companies. It will pay you to see
me.-PETER A. SCHMIDT.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
HoMEsEEKERs' EXCURSIONS.

The Chicago Great Western Ry.
will on the first and third. Tuesday
of each month sell tickets at one
fare plus So for the round trip to
points in Alabama, Florida, Geor-
gia.. Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi
Missouri, North Carolina, Tennes-
see, Virginia andsW Wisconsin. For
further information, apply to any
Great Western agent or j. P. Elmer
G.P A., Caicago, Ill. 4-18
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02

A fine program is being prepared for the
Grand Concert to be given May 26.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02

Tree and Lawn work promptly
executed by skilled workmen. See
for best material at low prices
w. M. Merry, Washburn, N. D.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
NEWS OF NoTEp PEOPLE.

Very Rev. Augustine F. Schinner.
yicar general OF Milwaukee archdio-
esss for seyeral4years past, has been
Apipointsd bishop Of Superior diocese.
ssSaaantly crested by the rediyisi0n of
III Milwaukee province.
Damages ~aggresating $250,00O rs
compensation for alleged breach Of
1Fonaise Of marriage are asked by Mrs.
katherine Poillon In q suit against W.
0enld Brokaw, the New York million.
Eresclabman.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02

Shoe repairing at the PANroR1uM
Il you need,a Surety Bond, see
%. p. Funk, LIST Natl. Bank, Wash
burn.
We have 100000 to loan on
RlasealsEstate in Mclean county
The Peterson Machine Go.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02

Several tracts for sale on crop
payment splan. See KLEIN LAND
AGENCY. =
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
THE a RECORD.

E-H" 7N-rr--. ~-~re,oAs vpvno1.
John Stewart Crussey, --.-nliown
throughout the theatrical world as ].
C. Stewart, one of the 1.-TWO Johns"
the famous fat men of the stage, is
dead at st. Louis.
Charles H. Van Brunt, presiding
justice of the appellate division of the
New York state supreme court, died
suddenly in New York city.
Captain John Martin, for half a CEN
tury prominent among the pioneers Of
Minneapolis, is dead, aged eighty-four
years.
William Ziegler, the capitalist. and
promoter Of Arctic exploration, isssdead
ct his country home near Noroton,
AEonn.
Mrs. MaryA LiYerniore, the well
Known writer sdratorIner is dead at
s,exAsa -
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1905-06-02
LABOR NEWS.

early crops and fruits.
The Washington times., 1905-10-14
SHMzzry A.vISte-- ..

name was Bohemia. was sister-in-
lay OF Captain Penberthy. a local celeb
rity In the mining districts OF Hales-
town. Cornwall
rs John Henry was a sickly infant.
brought up in the invigorating climate
of the Welsh mountains. and left him
in charge of her brother-in-law and her
sister. while she Joined her husband
first in Bristol and then in London 1t
was in London that Mrs. Brodribb, now
a widow. resumed her charge over the
boy, whom she put TO school in the es-
tablishment OF DR.. Pinches. IN Lombard
street.
Fine EIocutionist.
He seems to have won his chief
distinction there by his fine elocution in
school exhibitions. The old actor Cres-
wick used to tell how he had heard
one of these recitations. and prophesied
a theatrical career for him.
Nevertheless. at the age of fourteen,
ne found himself in the employ OF the
Thackers. Indian merchants. in New
gate street as a messenger boy. He
rose to be a clerk in the Office.
But he and the desk could never agree.
All his spare time was spent at such
theaters as played poetical and romantic
drama, or In attending elocution classes
There is still extant letter written at
the age of eighteen, which shows an en-
thusiastic determination to- seek a career
on the stage. ard at the same time a
fuller appreciation of the difficulties be-
fore him than is usual in the young as
pirant for histrionic hOnOrs.
His First Appearance.
His ambition was soon gratif1ed by the
offer of small engagement in the prov
irces. On September %. 1856 lie .-...-..--
his first public appearance at the newly
opened Lyceum Theater. in Sunderland
The play was Bulwer's .'Richelieu." The
young actor. then for the first time
known as Henry Irving. was east for the
The Washington times., 1905-10-14

Near Fourteenth and S streets A
three-story, nine-room house in this
excellent section for less than cost
OF improvements The lot is 20x1e0
Ia aHey, and is worth half the
price asked. 1t is a snap.
The Washington times., 1905-10-14

BRAND NEW HOMES IN
NORTHEASTERN prominent resi-
dence street; new two-story. bay
window. pressed houses: three
rooms on each floor; modern bath:
fine closets, back porch, concrete
cellar, furnace heat; small cash
payment, easy monthly notes. Pur-
chasers may select decorations.
The Washington times., 1905-10-14
Interesting Life Work
Of Sir Henry Irving

John Henry Brodribb, who assumed
the name or Henry Irving. who born
February G. 1888. at Keinton. near Glas-
tonbury Somersetshire. IN the south
west of England
His father was said TO have been a
journeyman tailor. but this the actor
himself publicly denied without shedding
any further light upon this side OF his
parentage. His mother, whose maiden
The Washington times., 1905-10-14
LeHZDG. AS. 0AvzESw
&46DOEG PLAY or
ZZ4Z IZ4AE = ..
q

farewell words to me were: One day
we'll have a little cottage together
somewhere can oalyi think now OF
those words of Schiller: What would
we not give to raise again spirit ssich
as his. An atom of his soul would
make god OF you.'
The Washington times., 1905-10-14

could appreciate the sweetness and
beauty of his nature"
Miss Viola Allen
Miss Viola Allen: THE loss of Sir
Henry Irving Is irfcalculable not only TO
the stage. but to the hosts of friends
who loved and admired him. not only
for his art. but for himself He has
done more TO dignity and honor the ac-
tors calling than any other single man,
and no greater artist nor truer gentle
liz?
The Washington times., 1905-10-14

Near Fourteenth and Q streets
Must be sold at once to close es-
tate: corresponding house recently
sold for SC. 500. Ii IS over p feet
front; has eight rooms on two
floors: good bath: excellent cellar.
Offer wanted at once
The Washington times., 1905-10-14

more lovely Portia the modern stage
has not known The production OF
'othello." In which Irving alternated
with Edwin Booth the parts OF the Moor
and Iago. excited international interest
and discussion IN the season OF 1881. The
production or Tennyson's Cup was an
other event of that season and was fol-
lowed by Romeo and Juliet" in 1852
and Much Ado About Nothing In 1saS-
Here in 1889.
The tragedy of his private life was
never dragged before the public. His
wife became insane and remains incur
able. In his artistic alliance with Miss
Ellen Terry he found at least forget
fulness and companionship. That he
had a chivalrous and even Quixotic af-
fection and reverence for that lady was
evident In the speeches which he made
before the curtain in acknowledgment
OF every one of their mutual triumphs.
He never failed IN the most cordial
recognition OF the part she had played
in securing that triumph-minimizing
his own efforts 70 90 her the greater
honor.
But oh. the pity OF II. Horatio, At
the end the two friends became allen
ated. how or why is not known and IL
known IL would be sacrilege TO lift
the veil 1t is enough to say that some
misunderstanding suddenly severed one
of the most beautiful friendships known
10 the history of the stage.
That Sir henry irving Keenly felt the
blow was no secret 10 those who knew
him. In the hour OF his greatest tri-
umphs, at time when two continents
rang with his praises, when his native
land had in his person so far forgotten
the social pre5udices which at one time
divided the actor from his fellow men
OF equal intelligence and personal pres
tige that the Queen, with the unani-
nous approval OF her subjects, had
raised him TO a knighthood. Sir Henry
Irving carried a lonely heart with him
wherever he went
The Washington times., 1905-10-14
Mourned for Companion

With the applause of the theater still
ringing in my ears he said mournfuliy.
with the memory OF the kind faces
still blazoned in my memory; with tbs
consciousness that I have won the af-
fection OF rnultitudes whom 1 can now
meet in person. have often gone home
from the theater feeling utterly desc
late and alone-yearning for the inti-
mate human companionship which fate
has denied me-"
The Washington times., 1905-10-14
Stage Stars, Managers,
And Public Mourning

NEW YORK. Oct. H.-To the actors,
managers. and theatergoing public. the
news OF the death of Sir Henry Irving
came as an overwhelming blow. 1t
seemed that tho bulletin announcing the
great actors sudden end had scarcely
been received before the tidings had
reached all the playhouses-
There was then remarkable demon
stration of grief. not alone from actors
and managers. who knew and revered
the great English scholar. but also
from thousands OF theatergoers. to
whom the blow seemed to resemble that
accompanying the death Of relative
or dear friend.
The Washington times., 1905-10-14
oSPEAKG NATIONS MOURN DEATH OF SIR HENRY VNG
Continued from First Pase.)

left entirely outside the sphere Of public
Sir henry 1rving's last appearance in
London last summer followed his se
nous llnsss. when the enthusiasm at
.i ,le pisnely receptions accorded him In
,ne historic Drury Lane Theater will
icng De remembered. Since then he has
oesh ENGAGED in touring the provinces,
United States. ~ s'ie
Overworked, He Broke Down.
Sir Henry seemed TO have fully recov.
cred from his dangerous indisoos,tIon az
last spring The only explanation OF
MS sudden death ye, forthcoming IS.
.ersely, that he was overworked at his
anu broke down He was sixty
esdt ,sd performances a week and trav-
BESIDES. public admiration for him
auoeo TO his burden. Eyerywhere he
was entertained. presentations wee
make speeches ="