davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

is the half-round, shown at A in Fig.
SO, being fiat on one side and round
ing on the other These cabinet wood
files should be used for wood only.
They are of a different cut and tenn
pered differently from files made for
filing iron and other metals, and If
dulled by such use they are after
wards worthless for filing wood. The
cabinet wood rasp, shown at B in the
illustration, is an entirely different
tool and cuts too roughly for finishing,
being used only where great deal Of
wood is to be removed before using
the file.
After using the file, the curve edge
must be polished and finished with
sandpaper, the most convenient way
of doing this being to wrap half
sheet of the sandpaper round and
round the file, using this m the same
way as the file Itself. Files are not
used en- wood as on metal, with a
straight forward and backward stroke,
which would soon fill the edge being
filed with irregularities, but are given
a lateral or sidewise movement at the
same time that they are pushed for
ward, as shown by the dotted lines in
Fig. "a. Two cabinet files, one 6-ineh,
and one 10-inch, together with one 10
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

piled the boy But l don't think so.
My fathers plans would not be called
failures if it did lot reach the pole, or,
in fact, if several expeditions failed to
do this. Finally, though, after several
expeditions have got further and fur
Their toward the pole, one will reach it,
l am sure. l would like to be the one
to do it,
The pale, wan face lit up with
worthy ambition, and the little body,
which needs only the sunshine and the
healing of time to become as stanch
and sturdy as before the accident,
seemed to take in renewed vigor as he
spoke. 1t was plain to see how firmly
the idea of reaching the north pole has
taken possession of this youth.
did you and your father arrange any
definite plans for reaching the north
po1e?" he was asked.
eve talked over it many times and in
many ways But there is nothing aD-
solutely certain about it, for people do
not know much about the geography
up there. By the time am ready to
go, though, there will be improvements
in ships and more will be known, so
that conditions will be different.
shall study all about it and follow
everything connected with Arctic dis
covery."
"You have already reach much about
the north?"
''I have read a great deal, all that
has been given to me; but most of
what 1 know l have learned from NY
father, who had studied the matter
thoroughly"
What good do you think the discoV-
cry of the pole would be for human
ity?"
"Lots of good. 1t might show us a
new passage in the northern. seas, or
anything that is good for science is
good for everyone, anyway Beside,
there would be the glory of doing what
so many others have tried to do and
failed"
Will Go Through College.
'In the meantime, before you become
81, what are you going to do?"
go to college. I am advanced
enough already, they say, to take the
preliminary examinations for Column
bia, but / shall not be allowed to till
next year. Then, when am 16, / hope
to enter and take thorough course"
"Your fortune-have you thought
what you will do with that?"
.'It doesn't seem like anything real
to me, for couldn't use much money,
anyway, could I? / suppose when I
grow up will find am very rich, and
then shall try to do as much good as
I can. How? In every way can
think Of"
"You have not thought of any ca
reer? profession?"
81 don't know. should like to
write-and then i should like to be
lawyer. But nothing that would stop
my going on the expedition to the
north pola +"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

does seem quite while till I'm 81.
Perhaps, though, somebody will dis
cover the north pole before get ready
to CO."
"Do you think there's any great
danger of that?"
"No. not much. You see, it costs a
good deal to fit out an expedition, and
people don't seem to be very anxious to
do that. My father would have sent
more expeditions, and his plans, if
they had been carried out, might have
made the discovery possible before
now"
"What do you think of Mr.. Fiala's
expedition? he was asked.
Anthony Fiala, a young Brooklyn
newspaper man, and a great friend OF
the late Mr. Ziegler, went out at the
head of the second Arctic expedition
projected by the millionaire, two years
ago, after the first, under Capt. Bald
win, failed of it's purpose. The expedi-
, ton has not been heard from for some
time, and fears are entertained that it
has ended in disaster Mr.. w. S.
Champ, confidential secretary to- the
late Mr.. Ziegler, is now at Tromsoe
Norway, ready to go in search of the
Terra Nova, Fiala's ship. Should the
death of Mr.. Ziegler made him deter
mine to return home, the expedition
will continue under the direction OF
some one else.
Sure Pole Will Be Found.
'Mr. Fiala's expedition may have
| succeeded for all that is known re-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

New York.-Through the will of his
uncle 14-year-old boy has come into
a fortune of $30,000,000. The uncle is
William Ziegler, the millionaire manu-
facturer of Noroton, Conn, baking
powder king and protector of arctic
expeditions, who died short time
. ago; the fortunate youth is William
Ziegler, Jr., his adopted son.
Although but child in years, young
Ziegler has been unspoiled by the sud-
den inheritance of the fabulous wealth.
By the time he becomes of age the es-
tate will have grown to more than $40,-
100000. His income now is $1,000,000
year. He is the richest boy of his
years in the world and he will be
among the worlds richest men.
The boy has been brought up to I'M
derstand that he is the son of the man
who fitted out polar expeditions. His
books are volumes dealing with ad-
venture in the far north seas. He has
been made to understand that it was
always his fathers wish to have one of
his expeditions locate the north pole.
Wealth No Handicap.
To some 14-year-old boys a fortune
of $50, 100000 would be a terrible hand
leap. To young Ziegler the money
promises to be anything but draw
back; for the boy, few in years though
he is, seems thoroughly to appreciate
his unique position, to understand the
responsibilities connected with the
possession of so much wealth and,
what is infinitely better, to have
formed definite object in life, toward
the gaining of which he proposes to
devote the millions left to him.
He is manly little fellow, ambitious
10 achieve heroic adventures. This is
an ambition which the cherished
dream of his foster father makes it
possible for him to realize. He begins
life now with millions and mission,
for he is the boy who must discover
the north pole.
The task is not imposed upon him in
the will, nor is it even specified that
he must prosecute the search for the
Ffala expedition, lost in the frozen
north. But the boy is thoroughly i'm
bued with the spirit of the elder Zieg-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

sailing away, and pictures himself as
on one of them, some day, with her
prov pointed to the north.
There is something pathetic behind
all this. Yet pathos and romance have
governed the whole career of this lit
tie boy, who was not the child of the
man whom he knew as his father, ex-
cept by adoption The baby was born
William Brandt, his father being a
half-brother of Mr.. Ziegler. At an
early age it became necessary for rel
atives to assume the support of one
or more of the children, and Mr.. Zieg-
Ter took the little boy. He and his wife
were childless, and the little. chap at
once filed the vacant crevices in their
hearts as fully as their own could have
done. He returned the affection and
between him and his foster father grew
love that was noticeable to the mer-
est stranger.
Shared Fathers Condolences.
They were inseparable, the million
aire and the schoolboy, and when, a
few years ago, William Ziegler began
to crave the distinction of being the
founder Of an expedition that should
find the north pole, the lad was one of
the few who shared his condolences,
who listened to his ambitions and SYM
pathized with him in his desires.
To reporter, who saw him at the
Ziegler home at Noroton Point one day
recently, the boy was as oommunica-
tive as could be expected of one weak
ened by more than two months of suf-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07
HISTORY OF PRINTED BOOKS
Movable Type Known to the Romans,
Chinese and Koreans Many
Centuries Ago.

"The Evolution of the Printed Book
from the Ancient Manuscript to the
Present Day" was the subject of an
interesting lecture recently by William
D. circuit. of the University Press, in
Wesleyan hall, before the members OF
the Society of Designers and Engrav-
ers, says the Boston Transcript. The
lecturer first pointed out the antiquity
of the movable type" and it's having
been known to the Romans, Chinese
and Koreans, but never applied in a
large way or with knowledge of its
possibilities until applied by Guten-
burg about 1889. Soon after this came
the period of the "Humanities" in lit
erature and the making Of elegant
manuscript books. On the splendid
work of the scribes in the manuscript
books Of this period were based the
tyne faces which have become the
standard for all time in the occident.
The lecturer described the various
vicissitudes of erratic forms in types
through which the title page went,
and told of the contributions made to
the cause of printing by such men as
Aldus Nautilus and his sons; Jensen,
Christopher Plautin, the Dutch print
er, who carried the title page to elab-
crate perfection, and William Morris,
who might be said to have restored
the art of printing to it's early glory.
Some of the defects of the Morris style
were pointed out, especially his aver
sion to putting leads between the lines
of type, which resulted in massive
mage without any relief in color value
between the lines. Still Morris eff
fected a revolution and placed book
printing on higher plane than 1t had
been for centuries.
Mr.. circuit called attention to the
American faces that had been the re-
suit of the Morris movement in Eng
land-the De Winnie, Renner, the Mon
taigne by BRUCE Rogers, and the Mer-
rymount face. by Goodhue. These va
rious type faces and the early manu-
scripts from which Aldus and Jensen
made their types were shown by,
means of lantern slides, as were
number of title pages by the various
printers and finally the new type face
designed for the University Press
based on some of the best of the
manuscript volumes of the Humane
ties period" In Italy:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07
Aim in Life of William Ziegler, Jr, Is
to Realize Ambition of His
Foster Father.
YOUTH UNSPOILED BY FABULOUS WEALTH
Inherits S3OOOO.OOO Through Death of His
Uncle-Will Go Through College and Then
Take Up Arctic Exploration - Slowly
Recovering from Serious Injury.

with his foster mother, Mrs. E. Ma
tilda Ziegler. William ]. Gaynor, a
justice of the supreme court, and VIII
liam S. Champ, a trusted employe OF
Mr. Ziegler, will share with the widow
the responsibility of directing the boys
education. He will spend his summers
in Noroton, and in the winter will re-
side in the ziegler mansion in Fifth
avenue. He will not be cooped up and
held aloof from other boys of his years,
but will be taught democracy as well
as business integrity and scientific
truth.
He is passionately devoted to Mrs.
Ziegler. His own mother died when he
was baby, and his foster mother has
filled her place with complete devo-
ton. His own father is simply ''Uncle
George to him.
Suffers Severe Accident.
Since April 1, when young Ziegler
suffered from a distressing accident, he
has been laid up. A few weeks ago he
had only a bare chance to survive an
operation performed by one of New
York's best known surgeons. To-day
the boy, always vigorous and strong,
is a waste of the sturdy young fellow
who started a pillow fight on April 1
in his fathers home which since has
taken him to the operating table on
three different occasions.
On March 81 Ziegler came home with
two schoolmates in the Browning
school, The boys anticipated the COM
ing of All Fools day. Several jokes
had been planned for the benefit of
Mr. Ziegler's valet. The valet slept
in the room with the boys, on cot
between the brass beds. The day had
hardly begun when Ziegler awoke his
companions. The valet was asleep,
but he awoke quickly, a victim of the
youthful jokers.
Ziegler grabbed pillow and the
fight began. The instigator of the
sham battle was soon exhausted and
sat on the edge of the cot to rest. One
of his friends jumped on him. Ziegler
was severely torn by long iron hook
on the cot and fell wounded. From
that moment he has been i'll.
But health is gradually returning,
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

the cheeks thinned by suffering are
filling out and reddening, the "boy' is
forcing the invalid" into the back
ground. When he is well again he
will be the same willie Ziegler, with
one difference-when his injury sent
him to bed and under the surgeons
knife, he was just 14-year-old lad,
with boyish thoughts and nothing to
do but enjoy himself; now he is Will
liam Ziegler, the possessor of a colos-
sal fortune and with definite aim in
life.
Definite Aim in Life.
That aim is the discovery of the
north pole, the quest that has cost so
many valuable lives from the time of
Sir John Franklin down to the days of
the Jeanette. The glory of the pur-
pose has been pictured to the boy; he
has thought and read and talked of it
since the late William hiegler began
to be absorbed by it. And now, lying
on his bed in the little room that faces
the ocean. the boy watches the ships
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

1erlng. Mrs. Zlegler, the widow OF the
millionaire, and as loving mother as
small boy could wish for, was afraid
that he would not like to talk.
Were Like Boy Chums.
willie was more overcome by his
fathers death than believed it posi-
BILE for boy of his age to be-" she
said. "He was very fond of my hus-
band; in fact, the two were always
more like two chums than father and
son. During the early part of Willie's
illness, before Mr.. Ziegler suffered the
accident that resulted in his death,
Mr.. Ziegler spent a great deal of time
talking to him, their conversation hav-
ing lot to do with Arctic exploration,
in which Willie took as great an inter-
est as he did. l do not know whether
l entirely like the idea of his making
that his life aim, but there is long
time between now and the day that
he shall attain his majority, and, per-
haps-"
She spoke as though in the hope that
time would change the little fellows
determination; but the hope seemed to
vanish as quickly as it came, for Mrs.
Ziegler added:
mo, l don't believe he will change
He is deep little fellow, and when he
once gets an idea he is steadfast in
carrying it out. Especially true do
think that will be in this case, for his
love of Mr.. Ziegler, if nothing else,
would be incentive enough to keep the
matter constantly in his mind. But
you may talk to him yourself for lit
tie while"
The room occupied by Willie Ziegler
faces Long Island sound. The house
is long distance from the shore, on
a high point of land which stretches
away to the beach. From the windows
clear view of the water is given, and
on this stormy, dark day the sea was
forbidding and ugly. Yet the little boy,
propped up on his bed near the win
dow, was looking out on the waves as
his visitor entered, and there was no
sign that the bleakness of the sea had
affected his youthful spirits in any
way.
$50 you are the fortunate young man
with fortune of millions of dollars ?''
said the reporter, as the boy turned
toward him. Willie only smiled, as
though the matter of vast possessions
was of no consequence to him.
Goes North When Twenty-Five.
81 don't know anything much about
that" he said. 81 only know that
wish it was a pleasant day, so that
could go out for drive. I've been
laid up here for two months and over,
and now that it's vacation I'd like to
be out. The doctor was going to let me
go out to-day If it was not rainy. In
a few days I'll be able to walk"
"But it will be some time before you
start on your Arctic exploring, won't
it?"
"Not 50 long. perhaps; though it
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07
A LESSON IN
MANUAL TRAINING
PRACTICAL POINTS FOR BOYS
WITH AMBITION AND
GENIUS.
Description and Uses of Jack Pl me,
Jointer Plane, Block Plane, Spoke
Shave, Cabinet Wood Files, CHS
els and Gouges, Try Square, Mark
ing Gauge and Bevel.
BY JAMES RITCHEY.

BY JAMES RITCHEY.
Instructor of Woodworking and Pattern
making, Armour Institute of Technol-
ogy, Chicago.)
Copyright, 1904, by Joseph B. Bowles9
Note.-The interested reader is advised
to clip this article for reference.
Of iron planes the most important is
the No. jack plane, IA inches long
and having a cutter 2 inches in
width. For nearly all our small work
this plane can be used to the exclusion
of all others.
In making and in truing up very
large surfaces or in making long glue
joints the No. jointer plane, %
inches long and having plane iron
23s inches wide, will be found very
helpful, but not always necessary.
For smoothing quartered oak, ma
hogany or other cross grained woods
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07
Ter, and even now regards the search
for the pole as his life work.
Thought Father His Uncle.

Ter, and even now regards the search
for the pole as his life work.
Thought Father His Uncle.
His father, George Brandt, whom he
has been taught all his life to believe
was his uncle, resides in Chicago.
Brandt is half-brother to the elder
Ziegler. When the boy was a baby
his father gave him up to the million
hire, then childless. The baby was le-
gally adopted, was called William Zieg-
Ter and did not know until the death of
his foster father that he was other
than William Ziegler's son.
The greatest care was taken with his
preliminary education, designed to fit
him for Columbia university. He will
be given a careful business as well as
a scientific education, so that he may
net only prosecute the biographical re-
searches instituted by the elder Will
liam Z!egler, but may also be fitted to
lock after the vast business interests
intrusted to him.
His home, until he Is Of age. will be
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

the spoke shave is used to plane and
smooth out curved edges after being
sawed to shape by the scroll saw or
bow saw. 1t is to be found in a great
variety of styles, both in metal, as
shown at A in Fig. 80, or in wood, as
shown at B. For the beginner the
lockwood spoke shave without metal
facings will be found very much the
easier to use. If kept well sharpened
it is easy to control, and may be
pushed from or drawn toward the
operator, as the grain of the wood in
the curved edge which is being dressed
will permit.
Cabinet Files.
For all small and close curves, and
in angles which cannot be reached
with the spoke shave, cabinet wood
files are used.
The best general form for these files
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07
FIG. 81.

the No. smooth plane will be useful.
1t differs from the two mentioned
above in being only 9 inches long, and
the cutter like that of the jack plane,
is inches wide.
The No. II block plane shown in Fig.
81, which is z inches long and has a
cutter IL inches wide, is very desir-
able on account of the low angle at
which the cutter is set, and the ease
with which it can be held in one hand,
while the piece to be planned is held,
when necessary, in the other.
1t. works more smoothly on end
wood and on miters than the other
planes. The cutter of this plane is
single, having no cap iron, and is
used with the ground, or beyeled, side
of the plane iron up.
Spoke Slaves.
AS plane is used for planning sur
faces and edges which are straight, so
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

inch cabinet rasp, will be needed for
our work
Chisels and Gouges.
Carpenters chisels may be divided
into two general classes-socket
handled chisels and firmer, or pairing,
chisels. Two styles of the latter are
shown in Fig. 35, which, being lighter
and thinner than the socket chisel,
will in all cases suit our purpose bet
ter. The one shown at A, having
bevelad edges, is greatly to be pre-
ferred to that shown at B.
Four of these chisels will be needed:
u, 1s, p and l inch in size. The par
ing gouge is shown at C in the same
illustration, of which two-one Il and
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

Z III. 81
inch will be often needd for large
work.
Marking Gauge.
The marking gauge, shown in Fig.
38, is a tool which cannot be dis
pensed with. 1t is used to draw a
sharp line at a given distance from
and parallel to a surface which has
been already dressed true, or from an
edge which has been jointed straight.
In the improved gauge shown in
Fig. SO the head can be slipped of and
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

chisel against the work, and whenever
possible it should be pushed straight
forward through an opening, especial
ly when pairing across the grain of the
wood, but should be moved laterally
at the same time that it is pushed
forward, as indicated by the dotted
lines in Fig. SO.
This insures shearing cut, which,
with care, will produce smooth, even
surface and a closely-fitting joint.
Before taking up practical work, there
are a few common tools which are
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

one = inch-will only be necessary 1T
first.
The purposes for which the chisel
is used and the manner of applying It
to the work are so obvious that any
instruction in that direction would
seem to be unnecessary, and yet there
is no tool used by the carpenter or
cabinet-maker requiring more care
and patient practice in order to Sse
successfully. In using the chisel on a
fiat surface, or in recess, it should be
held with the fiat, or back, of the
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

around curves either convex or con-
cave. For straight lines the head must
be reversed so that the fiat side of the
head may be used against the wood.
The spur should be sharpened so as to
be fiat on one side and curved on the
other, as shown in a greatly enlarged
cross section at B, or it may be sharp
ened ON the forward edge only, as
shown at c, and here again the out
side is fiat, and the inside, next to
the gauge head, is curved. The ten
dency of this curved side is to run
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

used continuously in connection with
the planes, saws and chisels already
spoken of. These we will now illus
trate, and when necessary describe
their use.
Try Square.
The first of these is the try square,
shown in Fig. 81, and is used in plan
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1905-07-07

ing for the purpose of testing the sur
face being planed, and also for laying
off work of all kinds, as in the exer-
else in saving already shown in Fig.
"a. For bench use 6-inch try square
is convenient size, but 10 or IL