davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

employed in a factory or store. The child the
farm does his work after returning from school,
and il is easy work, by any means, especially
i'm the winter.
In Westport last spring so many farmers com
PEELED their children stay home and work that
they almost compelled the local public school 10
close from lack of pupils. In Westport and the
neighhOrinG country onions are raised in large
quantities for the market and early in the spring
the vegetables are planted Cultivation begins soon
after the seed is in the ground. and II is necessary
to weed the long beds tncessaDtly II is this work
the farmers compel their children 70 do. Accord
ingly at the beginning OF the onion season last
year nearly every onion raiser in Westpo-t
took his children from the public schools
and put them in the onion beds. There. from
early morning till late night, these boys
and girls some Of them not older than eight
and ten, to be seen crawling along on
their hands and knees between the long rows Of
onions
1t looked for time as II the school would be
closed entirely for the onion raisers happened 70
have considerable influence. and they reasoned that
the children theirs. and they had right to
their services If they pleased to keep them OF
school The town took sides in the controversy.
with the result that after two three weeks OF
bitter fighting tn, school authorities won. and the
onion rasers employed Italians weed their onions
and sent their children back to school
FOREIGNERS THE WORST
TIE for isners wto Sc tie on fa-1as IN Coaaec:c.s;
are the most relentless child drivers" and il Is
no uncommon sight to see Italian or Russian COS
OF ten following TIE Plough moving grass. while
his little sister ~ eight nine is covering corn IN
an adjoining field with mOnstrous hoe that is too
hel ~ for any bat q
The child labo- laws OF this State are less IA
vorable 20 the girl than the boy. Althoggh they
prohibit the employment OF children in factories
and who under fourteen Years OF age.
they permit both boys and girls go work for
long hours after reaching that age- Factory life.
however tells more severely upon the girls than
the bows. Their work Is so exacting that Il makes
them pTematurely old. In any OF the Hanufact-
uring cities OF Connecticut. at O'Clock IN the
evening one may hundreds OF young girls with
faces OF thirty. In the opinion OF many IN Con-
necticut this employment OF girls. especially IN
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

New-York child labor committee unearthed hun,
through the perjury of their parents. In speaking
OF sonse instances OF such an avoidance Of the law
Mr.. Hunter said:
"A typical Illustration, an instance of children
getting labor certificates though under age Will
give idea OF the hours. the wages and the con-
ditons OF work Of these little laborers. Peter
Bastro. for example. regularly employed in a
factory buttons cards He was only
thirteen years old and four feet in height and con-
spicuousIy undeveloped. He worked six days in
the week from 73O o'clock in the morning until
O'Clock al night with intermission Of half an
hour at In return for his siXty-siX hours
The new law. which framed by the commit.
tee. has down child labor between the ages OF
fourteen and fifteen apprecably. In the first year
OF its operation. which ended last October there
was decrease Of 40 per cent in the number OF
child labor certificates issued In order to get
certificate now. the parents must show that the
child has attended school at least 139 days since
its thirteenth birthday, must be able to meet GER
tain educational requirements and. besides. must
file a transcript of Its passport of its birth
certificate baptismal record certificate. other
ligious record. evidence of age" The unCor-
roborated word OF the parent is no longer sufficient.
Newsboys under age come under the jurisdiction
OF the Board of Education. The minimum age for
a boy is and for girl is sixteen years. News
boys between the ages Of ten and fourteen years
have permits and badges from the board.
They must not work after 10 o'clock at night
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

age did not make any difference In answer to nv
question about the length of time the children
~otAeu ~ ne said; They stay as long as their
Inothers-from q. m. to D. m II is all the same
Ine little one of three there can't do much IN
count. She gust plays about holds the box for
ier Hother and breaks about "a basket or so n
uay' En-! Amt she sweet?"/
THE LAW A JOKE
In the committees Investigations It was dscov
- rhst the visit Of factory inspector was
e1'eo ,o as a JOKE His coming was almost always
Ahown AID the children were other aIlovvad IN go
hoine before he arrived or they were shut up IN
some building. where the inspector wa, told not
- 70 elNer because it contained secret processes
- s' 'uhes' however no attempt at all was made
S'itGeal the fact that children under fourteen
yesHs were employed For some reason or other
W Inspector simply shut his eyes and went his
IN one factory a committee agent learned
80 'i'e factory inspector when he saw tho little
tH'ldren at work simply remarked They are
deuced hard to count amt tbev2p He iss,ad No
orders and the children said that he would not
dare to do so
asked the children OF one factory the agent
su IN the report Of his visit there IF the factory
'Pec'ors caused amy trouble. one boy answered
by saying:
I'spectorst 1 know what that means One of
mem Iooke@ at everything in the engine room
ies' we didn't work that day. We boys were
sent EVne Dassent have him see U.S. He might
pIheIs something but he dassent touch the young
SeePS In the beans. That amt none OF his biz
Almost all the children whom the committees
agents found violating the law were deplorably
ignorant An agent had a talk with one lad who
was twelve years old.
ne haa worked in the factory three years
Ia5o TS the agent and had gone TO school only two
IlS ~ couId scarcely write his name, was unable TO
tsdu or 10 do simple sums in arithmetic He would
rye % peen IN the second reader il he had gone to
sesuool that year. He said he would not go TIL
S[tter the apple packing over for fear Of get
@ 1,ng his father into trouble. because then thew
@MOui9 @ nave MS name. and If he played truant he
Mouo get his father into difficulty This wear onIv
tIi'ee poys out or ten of his playmates went back
70 school and 1t was the me with the girls His
cL!p!oyfnent was very irregular. When at work he
got two cents box for shutting corn and he Sbut
about twenty boxes a day " N'
When I get older. he said to ma epolI,, ,-+b
IN m eviqent show of pride I'll get more money
IN canning factories such as are situated in Nj
ehlldren are irregular The little aborers begin at
or o'clock In the morning, and work right along
win win only half an hour at noon for a bite to eat
uhtL y and ID O'Clock at night. In the rush sea-
son the children's factories are not closed until
or IN the morning. and work is also done on
Sn9day sun yi The season lasts throughout the
LITTLE WORKERS SACRIFICED.
Factories in the city stunt the chlld's mind and
dwarf his body even more than those in the coun-
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08
IN THE COTTON MILLS
Many Children IN Illegal Bondage
IN Massachusetts,.

Boston. Jan. : Speciality far the most nasrant
Violations Of the child labor laws I'm Massachusetts
have been ferreted by the officials OF the STATE
branch OF me American Federation ot Labor IN
response the appeals Of delegates from the tex
Tie unions the officers were instructed 10 invesu-
gate thoroughly the conditions in Lowell. Lawrence
Fan River. New Bedford and other places where 1t
"as charged the law being violated because OF
ine ineffciency OF the State police.
A party OF seven officers Of the State branch. IN
caoing Daniel Drfscon. secretary, and a photogra-
pner' went 10 Lowell last october 10 secure evil
aence 70 lay before the Governor and their own
executive council Getting up at o'clock In the
ANIilis they went out in pouring rain to see TOT
themselves and take snapshots Of children gong 10
"ofk IN the cotton mills. Nearly dozen negatives
were secured. all of children manifestly under
school age going TO the mills and some OF them
entering the gates. One little lad hardly up
70 his fathers knee. both tramped through the
ram 10 the mill Another was little fellow almost
buried IN a coat too big for him. brother and
sister too whose dinner pail hung 10 their ankles
they were small were seen.
'leniy OF evidence was secured. says Secretary
Dr-scon. that the law is being violated daily by
nearly every mill IN Lowell Every man in the
parry was assigned a different mill. and liberal
tAo~ance was made tie estimated ages OF the
enAoren seen going into the mill yards. Even then
tAey found large number certainly under the legal
ese- Puy and sickly stunted and half starved
were most OF them. shivering In the cold drizzle OF
eafly morning. Twelve 10 thirteen years was the
ehoouDtec age OF those the federation men noted
- heir guest for evidence Later this evidence was
&C before the State police but met with a chilly
Reception
police
Hardly carrying meals To the mills at $50 o'clock
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08
THE LAW UNENF0RCED.
Grare Charges against Ne5o-P York
State Official.

Never in the history of the State Of Ne"-1o orK'
according to those who have investigated the tacts'
have so many children been reduced 70 condluon
of slavery at the present time Inc laws pro-
hibting child labor in this State are direct con-
else and far more stringent than those of many
other states but the fault lies It is charged
with the man whose duty II is 10 execute them
Consequently the employers of children below the
legal age do. except in instances. go unpun-
ished the mean time the ranks of paupers are
being increased by men and women whose minds
have been so stunted and whose bodies so weakened
by childhood serfdom that in the battle of life
they soon become helpless. In the end they be-
come burdens to the community and at last find
their way into the prison or the asylum.
Robert Hunter. chairman of the NewYork Child
Labor Committee has led the fight for the enforce
rnent of the law but he says this is impossible as
long as John McMackin is State Labor Commits
sioner AS long as he remains in cffice Mr. Hunter
saws the evils of child slavery will only increase
The committee OF which he is chairman has un-
earthed pitiful cases.
In one upstate canning factory agent OF the
committee discovered last fall three hundred chill
srcn all working illegally. All were under fourteen
wears old the Limitation set by the law. Among
,,,arn was one little who was little more than
four years old and who in her baby lisp said that
her name was Elsie and that she had earned 10
csnts IN one afternoon. Working near her was
Earl who was still younger, ana VINO "heh asked
hts age said he was fee" The mother said;
- en- SO sorry VIII isn't here. He Is seven. but
he gets tired i left him home sick Earis good
child He breaks off ends when he feels Ike IL;
but Elsie is real good at H. she maoe - cents inc
other day jes' stringin.
In another factory the agent talked with the fore
man and IN his report TO the society he describes
what he learned by saying;
.srha foreman spoke OF the women ana children
as a fns lot He told ma that In such work the
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

sible he puts them TO work. Many OF these farmers
raise vegetables. and the children are employed in
wedding onions, cultivating Strawberries. and later
on in harvesting the crop. In addition TO this the
regular farm work about the barns must be at
tended TO- and il is no uncommon sight to
little girl of ten a dozen years milking cows
at daybreak. and also after dark by the light OF
lantern. This evil phase of child labor is the
increase. and thus far no satisfactory remedy for
1t has been found. While of these children
go to school part of the winter, still they must
work as hard. if not harder than they would IL
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

Abuses in Connecticut 4re Difficult
to Correct.

Hartford. Conn. Jan. 7 1SpeciaD.-The children
of Connecticut 60 suffer most in the factory.
but In the field In the small districts real
child slavery Is found. On farms long deserted and
then occupied by poverty stricken aliens from the
shores OF Europe. boys and girls made TO toll
ircessantly. from long before sunrise until long
into the evening hours. In many cases these chill
dren belong 10 American families that have al
lowed their far1ss to run down. and have become
impoverished the result of ntemperance or sheer
lazincss
In the eastern part OF Connecticut such conditions
particularly prevail. Here the farmer looks upon
his children much the he does his horse
or his dog They are only good for what he can
get out OF them. and early In their life pos
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

Could the present child labor laws be enforced
Mr.. Hunter says. the material as we'll the moral
benefit to this community would be inestima BILE.
The only evil phase of the problem remaining un-
solved would be that OF sweatshop work for chill
dren. and even this. he says. is already overcome
to great degree by the COMPULSORY education
statute. All children between the ages of eight
school between October l and the following
June l. II the parents keep the child at home they
ties do not enforce the act the State NAV with
hold one-half the school appropriation OF the half
schools, 1t IS estimated that 100000 are compelled
TO work and bring In money for their parents, but
not have the ceaseess drudgery of their parents
break in their tedium: and II because of their
tired and most times unfed bodies they cannot
learn as fast as the children who do not have to
work yet they have the opportunity 10 learn that
their existence is not solely for the purposes Of
to read and write In many schools play centres
have been established especially for the ton
or the sweatshop children
REFORM FOREsHADOWED.
AS soon as the labor committee secures the ap-
pointment OF who will enforce the child
labor laws in the factories, il is to begin
movement for breaking UP still further the child
sweatshop system This is outside the domain of
the State Labor Commissioner who has only do
with child labor in factories. The task. however. of
tightening the toll of children at home upon whose
labor the family oftentmes is dependent for its
very existence will be most difficult one and the
committee will begin it until it has studied the
question in all its phases.
Children between fourteen and fifteen be
employed in factories stores business and tele-
graph offices. restaurants, hotels and apartment
houses, but only after they have procured certif-
Gates OF their age from the local Board of Health.
Until recently the law this subject so
loose that parents by lying obtained certificates
for children young as ten and twelve. In in
vestigation made before the law was perfected the
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

try. City workshops are rot as roony. They do
not have so much air and light. The homes Of the
city children are in the most congested quarters
and there is no outdoors for them but the street
The temptations TO which they are exposed are
more numerous and more alluring. They are also
more likely to form evil habits
civ children who are feeders or operators OF
machines are slaves TO life which moro thah
anv other deadens their emotions changing then
from human beings into animated puppets as
ono eocioloeist expresses II. For the machine
child, intemperance has an especial charm LIQUOR
or opium opens about the only escape from 'leii
ircessart drudgery. Mr.. Hunter. in his oook en-
+it1ed poverty" points the alarming tendency
~ child laborers to become criminals, vagrants ana
v,o,,,ers and by way of illustration he says:
1asrant whom once knew had for five years
from the day he was eleven until the oay ne vas
sixteen-made two movements OF MS hahus eaeA
second or 2376OOO0 mechanical movements each
wear. and was at the time knew him. at the age
- tbirtv-fve broken down. drunken and diseased :
b,+ he still remembered this period of slavery SUI
aciently well to tell me that he had paid up ior
all the sins he had ever committed oS those HNo
years OF he'll a. .
the Child Labor Committee in this city OF viola
tions of the law here Only the other day word
Teeeed Kseb fhn1 IN extes there We're
eighty-hve children at work who We're under four;
by waiting until the noon hour he saw mite ro, ones
young as nine and ten hoGk iEos out WIN r0''i'
For three years" Mr. Hunter says our con- ON
n,ittae has made an effort TO cooperate with Mr.
WcNackin in order TO get the law enforced HAY
ing failed however at last feel IL necessary 70
ask that he be reappolnted his present posi-
ton Mr. McMackin once excused hlnlseII oy gay
ing that he could not prosecute Viplators IN New.
York Citv because he had no properly equipped
oficiaI Accordingly one Of Mr.. Jeromes men WAS was
,Iaced at his disposal What the resultF ms
man was not even asked TO prosecute single
case
INSPECTION A FARCE.
The work OF Mr. MeAIackins thirty-eight in
spectors is said to be mere farce. Although they
discovered In one year and reported that 2e09 viola
t,ons of the Child Labor law. only nve prosecu-
tions were instituted in the whole State, and only
four convictiors secured. The fines OF the year
from nH sources amounted TO only s2l5. In most
cases employers found transEressng the law were
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08
CHILD SLAVERY HERE AND NOW
CONDITIONS
CoNDi1ioNS That ARE DISGRACEFUL TO OUR
BO4STED CIVILIZATION
1"e TO" 0eat od OF NecYor Necersey and
Connecticut Guty Of Cruelty Toscard Cins the Euure

he lin many American homes are it'll. more than .,
no and Massachusetts, thousands of boys and girls are being ruined
mentally and physically by long hours o
Each State a phase of the evil
In Ne"aO child slavery history
the State Those who have with
but nOtc cnfuc my ~ M w laws S''
the State Labor Commissioner laughed at Their
work is called mere farce Although they
discovered thousands of children
age limit of fourteen children vnss and f
day. Labor inspectors had visited these factories
but either they had taken little coming factory
teds kne" OF and sent all the children home they cury
NYok nearly every day of children under
the legal age OF fourteen working in crowded factories Many children
sed mind and body that they practically
In New-Jey the child labore is in some communities regarded social ~
children
Such evil conditions especially be found
wholly by Not
only of factories
their Shops they it get schools
NeTJey has just passed stringent child labor hoped
nt already apparent investigated glass and textile factories say
many labor supporting
glass
they work dav and light in the glare and heat of the furnaces Children who will do
at premium employ
boys work "snappers The children
quniy unable home
sleep They become and peaked and die
real child slavery farms Here stricken for
have settled and are trying exc out an existence by vatng rocky and
aliens take farms that have
worthless.
country frequently
what they do He makes them
tables them possible he
twarted this desire he forces them labor the early
OF a e e min
evil is remedy has been found
lawsar the
the limit in
that age whitening
end limit
girls to
The chief vito of the factory relating
children They
although they
in order o obtain their paty
of the whole State for the
Of police negligent
Labor which has
the
Iowelhe foundth employed almost
the discovered and asked
nade children the mills
the fact that the little
to the factor al j n the
will be
to
of hospitals and OF the
had worked nearly all
lnesin the emils mill exceedingly high
hundreds OF little ltan S
discovered lad imported half starved and their
bodies weeb ruisdb whippings
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

simply told mot to do it again" In only a com
paratively few instances did the inspectors revisit
such places to see If the promise was Kept That
factory laws can be enforced says Mr.. Hunter,
is shown by what Illinois has done. have tables
at hand think will make this clear"
The tables which Mr.. Hunter prepared as
follows:
New-York tribune., 1905-01-08

Continued on second page
The Roswell daily record. [volume] (Roswell, N.M.) 1903-current, 1905-11-23

But to return to Otero and the dele
gate. AS o o as the nomination had
beer forced through the administra-
ton crowd insisted that it would take
money to land the nominee, and An
drews rushed eastward for the pur-
pose of raising the money the mem
bers of the gang wanted to spend, and
he raised it.
That money came from the bank. if
the politicians can be believed, and
is probably the same now causing the
row over the connection of Andrews
with the failure of the Enterprise
bank. 1t was a great shock to the
members of the gang to have the
Journal repudiate Andrews, and ask
for his resignation or a resolution of
censure, as the Journal man was prob
ably made acquainted with the mater
ial gathered by the gang before the
nomination for the purpose of attack
ing Andrews, and to give it away
would reflect upon them all. But the
ourna has said nothing about what
the administration knew about An
drews before the election, only made
things agreeable by demanding his
reputation.
Now, how can they repudiate An
drews? They knew all about him
before he was nominated, and a lot
more besides. for his enemies furn-
ished the information sent to Otero.
To have all that come out and go to
the president will effectually kill the
ASPIRATIONS of any Oteroite for a con-
.tinuance, and in all probability it will
go to Washington.
The fact of the matter is that there
is nothing in sight to sustain a repudi
alton of Andrews, unless the admins
tration will produce the record of the
charges prepared against him before
h convention. Otherwise they must
wait until something criminal devel-
ops in the case now brought for the
recovery OF the none alleged to be
due.
The Roswell daily record. [volume] (Roswell, N.M.) 1903-current, 1905-11-23
Mans UnreasonabIeness.

is often as great as a woman's. But
Thomas s.. Austin, Manager of the
Republican" of Leavenworth, Ind,
was not unreasonable, when he refus-
ed to allow the doctors to operate on
his wife, for female trouble, instead
he says, I'VE concluded to try Electric
hardly leave her bed, and five physic-
ians had failed to relieve her. After
taking Electric Bitters, she was per
fectly cured, and can now perform all
her house hold duties" Guaranteed
by Roswell Drug and Jewelry Co,
Price so cents.
The Roswell daily record. [volume] (Roswell, N.M.) 1903-current, 1905-11-23
Carnival Co. Would Return.

]. Davis, advance agent of the
Dixie Carnival Company, is here try
ing to arrange for a return date of
his organization. The company gave
a carnival On the Whiteman lots on
South Main street last spring and is
well remembered. 1t is proposed by
the advance agent to give an indoor
exhibition of some kind on their re-
turn date. He prefers to put on the
show under the auspices of some To-
cal organization.
The Roswell daily record. [volume] (Roswell, N.M.) 1903-current, 1905-11-23

it out unless the field has been estab-
lished for several years and such
plants as remain are possessed of I'M
usual vitality. Where only a partial
stand is secured it is much better to
pillow the land up thoroughly prepare
and reseed. Much time and effort
have been wasted in attempting to
alfalfa ON land which was too
Door to grow it in the beginning, and
the wore of warning here will be suf-
fcient to those who are willing to be
guided by the experience and obser-
ration of men who have succeeded
with this crop.
CThe Record wishes to d to the
above article that in the Pecos Val
ley of New Mexico we secure five
crops of alfalfa per year. get a bet
yield and sell at a higher price than
anywhere else in the United States.)