davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-06-17

II 8. / think we may rely on Mr.. Smith
acting as the historian Of these dia-
logues,' Jefferson said. with an engag-
ing smile and gesture.
, IF he refuses. ! will undertake the
task, declared Brown. II have no
than ] am. tho he would be sorely
tempted to tinge the debates with his
assertive radicalism !"
with that understanding we will
hurriedly conclude our study Of the ex-
pressions made by the constitutional
delegates" continued Jefferson, open
ing the last volume Of Madison jour
nificant declarations quoted that even
ing by Jefferson in addition to those
previously recorded:
Pierce Butler Of South Carolina
Money is power and the states ought to
have weight in the government in pro-
portion to their wealth. Slaves should
have an equal representation in gov
eminent which is designed principally
for the protection of property, and is
of itself to be supported by property.
John Rutledge Of South Carolina
Property certainly is the principal OBJ
| iect Of society. Religion and humanity
have nothing to do with the slavery
ing principle with nations. # the
northern states consult their interests,
they will not oppose the increase of
slaves, which will increase the commod-
tiles Of which they will become the car
riers.
William r. Davie OF North Carolina
Wealth or property should be repre-
sented in the senate.
Charles Pinckney of South Caroline
Property in slaves should not be ex-
posed to danger in a government insti-
| tuted for the protection Of property.
The members Of the legislature, the
president and the Judiciary should pos
sess competent propertyto make them
independent and respectable He should
not think Of less than 100000 for the
president, half that sum for each of
the Judges, and in like proportion for
the members Of the national legislature.
i George Mason Of Virginia-It would
be as unnatural to refer the choice of
a proper character for chief magistrate
1 to the people, as it would be to refer a
test of colors to blind man.
4 Hugh Williamson of North Carolina
lit was pretty certain that we should
/ at some time or other have a king, but
he wished to postpone the event as long
as possible. The presidential term
should be ten or twelve years!
James McClurg of Virginia wished
the president to serve for life or dur
ing good behavior.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-06-17

and in our federal government, and it
had been attended with disaster. /
had nothing to guide me but that ex-
perience, and when ! wrote those lines
to Mr.. Jay I frankly expressed the
opinion dictated by my judgment. |
dreaded reversion to monarchical
form of government, but at that time
It seemed inevitable.o
tDoes it lessen the faith of the peo-
pie Of today in the strength of repub-
1ican institutions to know that General
Washington once lacked confidence in
thep?, asked Samuel Adams. II
should hold the reverse to be true. The
people have proved that they possess
more virtue than he gave them credit
show that this lack of faith in the
wisdom Of the majority was the be-
setting mistake Of the men who COM
posed that conventions.
Unless the American people can dis
abuse themselves Of the fetish that
their constitution was inspired. it will
be impossible for them to apply them
selves to the task Of remedying it's OBJ
vious effects asserted Jefferson.
tract from the speeches Of Rufus King,
Nathaniel Gorham, Elbridge Gerry,
Caleb Strong, James Ellsworth, Roger
Sherman, James Wilson, Gouverneur
Morris. Charles Pinckney, Cunning Bed.
ford, John Dickinson, Edmund Ran.
dolph, James Madison and Alexander
Hamilton. All of these delegates ex,
pressed lack Of faith in the people, and
most Of them urged that they should be
given as small share as possible in
the government then being outlined
IF this was inspiration, then your PEG
pie should not complain that they arc
powerless to defeat the schemes Of sci
fish wealth. These men declared thai
property was the principal object Of
society, and believe it will be found
that the most vehement champions OF
the infallibility Of the constitution, an6
the inspiration of it's founders, alst
erty interests.
HThat's right declared Brown
"When q man with an income of {
million a year is relieved from being
taxed on it, he is likely to believe il
the inspiration Of a document which
can be construed to hold an income ia,
unconstitutional. When a court say
that an eigbt-hour law is unconstitution
al, those Workmen who have voted TO-
it are not so sure the constitution i
inspired. The larger man $ bank &C
count, the stronger his belief in tn
linfallibility of the conditions which
drought it about. Mine is very low. >
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-06-17
Statement Made by Washington

John +. Mercer Of Maryland-The
people cannot know and Judge Of the
character of candidates. The worst
possible choice will be made. It is
great mistake to suppose that the con-
stltutlon we are to propose will govern
the people Of the United States. All
ence.
Abraham Baldwin Of Georgia-Slav-
cry is one Of Georgia IS favorite prerog-
atives. 1t is subject possessing only
local nature.
George Clymer, Of pennsylvania
The encouragement of the western
country is suicide on the part Of the old
states.
George Read, Of Delaware-He pro-
posed that the senate should be APP
pointed by the executive magistrate,
out of proper number Of persons to
be nominated by the individual legis-
latures.
William Houston, Of Georgia, wished
the president elected by the legisla-
ture, because it was announcement and
expensive a,e, to g ca H. electors together
Jonathan an Dayton, Of New Jersey,
moved that the president be elected by
congress, teach state having one
vote. ~
David Brearly, Of New Jersey, sec
OnQeQ JnlS mOLlOn, ana the delegations
from Connecticut, New Jersey, Della
ware, Maryland and Georgia voted sol
idly for it, coming within one vote of
incorporating this absurdly undemo-
cratic system as part Of the constitu-
| ticn.
Thomas Fitzsimmons, Of Pennsyl-
! vania, moved that the right to vote
should be limited to owners of landed
property.
Luther Martin, of Maryland, wished
the adoption or rejection Of the con,
/ lures rather than to the people, since
"the government might be on one side
and the people on the other
William Paterson, of New Jersey
said 'tthere was no more reason why a
great Individual state should have
more votes than a small one, than. that
a rich individual citizen should have
more votes than an INDECENT one. -
+. Jacob Broome, of Delaware, "highly
| approved that the president should
| continue to- hold office during good be
havior.'
John Blair, Of Virginia, and James
McHenry, of Maryland, voted to raise
the majority necessary to override {
presidential veto from two-thirds tt
three-fourths. Washington and Madi
son also favored three-fourths.
/ 6There were thirty-nine signers t.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-06-17

the constitution said Jefferson, lay
ing aside the book from which he had
been reading. 81 have quoted undem-
oeratic utterances from thirds of
ry, james Ellsworth, Edmond Randolph
and George Mason, these gentlemen not
singing, tho they took leading parts in
the debates. Those signers whom 1
have failed to quote are I.angdon, Gil
man, Doctor johnson, Bassett. Daniel,
Franklin, Mifflin, robert Morris, In
gersoll and Few. No exception can be
taken to the records of Franklin, Doc
tor johnson and Langdon, and each of
these. gentlemen stood firmly, for popu-
lar rights. as you understand them to-
day. The others took no part in the
debates so far as we can learn from
the record preserved by Madison.
"The. master minds of that famous
convention were Randolph, Sherman,
Ellsworth, Gerry, King, Hamilton. Mad
ison,, Wilson, Gonverneur Morris,
Franklin. General Washington was
chairman, hut took no part in. the de-
bates. With the exception of Benja-
min Franklin not character in that
convention took an active part in adj
vocacy Of the rights of the people as
and Mason opposed with oil their genius
and eloqueunce the aristocratic major
ity in that convention, yet they admit
ted their lack Of faith in the Justice or
practicabilitY of popular rule. Near
the close of the convention. Randolph
arose. and vehemently declared that,
| we have, in some revolutions of this
plan, made bold stroke for mon
archy; we are now doing the same for
! an aristocracy.' Mason in refusing to
sign asserted that the government will
end in a monarchy or tyrannical aris-
tocracy; which he was in doubt, but
one or the other he was sure. This con-
stitution has been formed without
knowledge or idea of the people
Gerry also refused to sign, Indignantly
declaring that the people were stripped
OF all power
"Ihe men who refused to sign were
the ones who were inspired.i ex-
claimed Brown. We have developed
an aristocracy-a moneyed autocracy-
the most powerful this world has seem
"a dispassionate. study Of your fed
eral constitution and its operation
calmly observed Samuel Adams, "will
show. that no other result was posi-
BILE -
Note-In the following installment The Three
Shades point out the undemocratic features of
the Constitution and show how they operate to
give an undue advantage to wealth.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-06-17
olumes containing copies Of his let

volumes containing copies Of his let
tiers.
.sThese records are sufficient an
swer to that question, 8 Washington
said, after a pause. I'VE doubted II
we had the wisdom to plan a govern
lively simple needs Of our day, and
I had small faith in our ability so to
do. As these letters show, | repeatedly
declared that in my opinion the consti-
tuition as adopted contained many I'M
projections.
''Did you have faith, General Wash
ington, in the fitness of the people for
self ggovernment2', asked Brown: ~ i
the virtue ir q" Of the people was faint, !"
Washington replied, "but had hope
that the experiment. of popular rule
might have measure Of success
NMay I read from one of your let
tiers, general, written just prior to the
meeting of the convention which
formed the constitution? requested
Jefferson. Washington gravelly bowed
his consent. Jefferson took the g book 90. !
and quickly turned to the b page ID de suete
from General Washington's writings is
absolutely at VARIANCE with the senti-
ments popularity attributed. to him by
your historians explained Jefferson,
Hwho seem to think it necessary to
picture him as one who had unswerv-
ing faith in the genius Of the Ameri-
can people for self-rule. He had been
elected as one Of the delegates from
| Virginia to the convention, which was
to draft new constitution, and it was
| understood that he was to be president
over the deliberations. What was his
mental attitude at that times What
was his vision of the future Of his
country9 There is no room for doubt
on this point. Writing to John Jay on
March 10, 1887, less than two months
prior to the meeting of the convention.
he made this declarations: 'Notwith
standing the boosted virtue Of Amer
lea, it is more than probable we shall
exhibit the last melancholy proof thai
mankind are not competent to theil
own government without the means Of
coercion in the sovereign -
Jefferson placed the book on the
table. Adams looked inquiringly a.
Washington. -.
''I was not aware, general, - he said
Fthat you were so depressed at thai
unhappy period in our history
1T could not bring myself to believe
that our people We're capable of gov
9e1ning thems;ealves,<".7 W. Washington Vas de
| the experiment in the various states
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-06-17
INTRODUCTION,


The shades of Washington Jefferson and Sam
uel Adams visit late at night the library-room
Of Smith, an author, and find him in CONVEX
sation with his friend Brown. Smith mistakes
them for masqueraders, demands an explanation,
aud The Three disappear before his eyes, after
promising to return on the following evening
They do SO, and it is arranged that they shall
meet ON specified evenings in Smiths rooms
Jefferson attempts to prove from the records
that the founders of the Constitution feared and
distrusted the people, and that they aimed TO
form system of government which would hoid
the majority firmly under control The follow
ing is the beginning of the second conference:
The Three Shades appeared at the
appointed time on the following even
ing, and found Brown and me waiting
for them. After an informal CONVEX
sation on unimportan't topics l took up
the thread Of our former discussion.
81 have been looking over my notes,
Mr.. Jefferson,' began, and have
compared them with the records from
which you quoted, and find that they
do no Injustice to the trainers of the
constitution. They prove conclusive
ly that the leading characters IN that
convention had little faith in the peo-
cerned with the protection OF property
interests. AS you know, I am an au-
thor Is it your wish that I should
make public use of these little known
factsa Is it your idea that I shall
present this new Interpretation of the
origin of our government to those who
have been educated to believe some
thing far different2'
eft ISL promptly responded Jeffer
son.
eve understand that this is the OBJ
ject of these conferences added Sam
uel Adams. looked irquiringly at
Washington, but he said nothing.
II do not feel it my duty to make
these disclosures I said, with some
frmness. 81 do not say that this is
my final decision, but at the present
moment I cannot bind myself to give
to the public the hidden facts you iave
revealed"
"Will you state your reasons for thi.
attitude?' asked Jefferson,
'We have educated our people tt
believe that the men who wrote the
constitution were disinterested patriot!
who were able to look into the FUTURE
I replied. eve have taught then
that the great characters of your age
had the wisdom which enabled them tt
provide for our welfare. Believing
them perfect, we naturally come to lool
upon the constitution designed BY
them as perfect. Any criticism of then
reflects directly on that document an(
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-06-17
wEATHERED THE GALE

Boston Transcript.
If the newspaper cuts are to be trusted.
the Russian Rear Admiral Enquist suc-
ceeded in saving his whiskers.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1905-06-17
THE DUKE DECIDES A MYSTERY STORY Bly, I4EADoN H
COPYRIGHT, 1908, BY A. VESSELS COZ

time he won free into the tangle Of the
copse without any sign Of pursuit, and
presently came to an open "ride"
where progress was easier.
The daily sentinel., 1905-11-15

of soiled clothes to our driver-"we
do the rest" Wen not only wash,
starch and iron your shirts, collars,
cuffs. etc. and charge you fairly. but
win return your apparel on the ap-
pointed hour Washing clean, de
liyering quickly are our strong points.
The daily sentinel., 1905-11-15
LIABILITIES.

Capital ..........$ 100000
Undivided Profits . 2,275.32
Due Depositors ...... l31, ,S99.5S
The daily sentinel., 1905-11-15

Total ....:...-s1s4,174,oo
The San Francisco call., 1905-01-01
FIGHT FLAMES
IN NAVY YARD
Two Mysterious Fires Call
Out Marines and Sailors
at League Island Station
FORM BUCKET BRIGADE
Four Men Are Overcome by
Smoke and Jackies Fall
Into River During Battle
FORM BUCKET BRIGADE

PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 31.-Hundreds
Of marines and sailors, buckets in hand.
to-day aided the navy yard fire depart
ment and the crew of the Government
tug Modoc in fighting two small fires
of mysterious origin at League Island,
sparks from which threatened to de-
stroy the great drydock in course Of
construction. The fires started within
an hour of each other on the platform
of a towering wooden crane on the
bank to the west of the drydock. The
crane, ITS feet high, was saved by a
party of marines who climbed UP the
blazing structure and fought the fire at
close range.
-Four marines were overcome by
smoke, and two sailors from the Den
yer in their eagerness to reach the
scene fell into the river. They were
rescued
Rear Admiral Dickens, the command
ant, probably will appoint a board of
inquiry and have thorough investiga-
tion made as to the cause of the fires.
The marine guard was at once doubled.
The San Francisco call., 1905-01-01
TRAMPS MURDER
AN AGED MINER
George Dunn, Who Is Said to
Have Been Rich, Is Found
Dead in a Lonely Cabin
.sLAYERs USE A CLUB
Three H0bOes Are Arrested
on Suspicion and Held
Pending an Investigation
s.eclal Dispatch to The Call.

CRESCENT CITY, Dec. 31.-George
Dunn. miner, aged 81 years, was
found murdered Friday night in his
cabin ON the Grants Pass and Cres-
cent City wagon road, forty miles from
this city. He had been beaten to
death with a club. Physicians who
examined the body say that the crime
must have been committed during the
early part of the week.
Dunn was one of the best known
miners in this section and was reputed
to be quite wealthy. Robbery is sup
posed to have prompted the crime. but
1t is believed that the murderers did
not secure more than 500.
Three tramps have been arrested on
suspicioo and the Sheriff and his depu-
ties are now searching for a fourth
hobo, who is known to have been in
the company of the men in custody.
The prisoners were in the vicinity of
Dunn's cabin about the time he came
to his death and were without funds.
When arrested they all had money and
moreover had spent considerable coin
al q roadhouSe
The San Francisco call., 1905-01-01

bursements of interest, which are to be
on scale unprecedented.
A summary of the years operations
on the Stock Exchange shows that the
volume of business was greatly in ex-
cess of last year. Dealings in the list
ed stocks showed an increase of more
than 20000.000 shares compared with
1903. In unlisted stocks the business
for 1904 was fully $780, 900 shares in ex-
cess of 1903, while the dealings In Gov
ernment, State and unlisted bonds was
greater by many millions Of dollars.
The close of the year was celebrated
with much enthusiasm on the Stock
Exchange. Long before the close Of the
market the galleries were crowded with
gayly dressed women. Promptly at
noon the celebration began, the pro-
gramme being opened with America"
by a military band. This was followed
by other patriotic airs, while on the
floor the members engaged in impromp
tn football games and the throwing
of confetti.
CHICAGO, Dec. 31.-A vaudeville per-
formance was arranged for this after
noon at the Board of Trade to take the
place of the customary throwing of
bags of -four and grain to celebrate the
closing of the business of the year. A
stage was fitted UP in the "cell room"
and professional talent engaged for the
occasion. All money cleared by the
performance will be given to charity.
The San Francisco call., 1905-01-01

This season the Burton Holmes
travelogues are to be given in Lyric
Hall, beginning January 10 and II.
Twelve years ago Mr.. Holmes began
his lectures more as an amusement
than as a profession in Chicago. Year
by year they have grown in popularity
until now his tour extends annually
from the Pacific to the Atlantic and
even to England, where last season he
made a great success and where he is
again to be heard this coming spring.
Mr.. Holmes has kept abreast Of the
times in every way. Starting with
beautifully colored lantern slides as
the only means of illustration he added
colored moving panoramas and orig
inal motion pictures, until now his
travelogues are scarcely less realistic
than an actual personal journey. His
coming series will be devoted to the
following subjects: I'm London"
Round About London" Beautiful
The San Francisco call., 1905-01-01

Ireland" "The Russian Empire" and
Japan" The photographs are from
negatives of Mr.. Holmes own taking
and the motion pictures in the main
the work of either himself or his fell
low traveller, Oscar Bennett Depue,
who has been his lantern operator and
electrical expert ever since his maiden
lecture twelve years ago.
In San Francisco Mr.. Holmes will
give two parallel courses exactly alike.
Course A will be given on January 10.
IL, IA, IT and 19, and course B jan
uary II, 13, 16, Is and 20. Sale of
course tickets 81, SO and 50 opens at
Sherman, Clay & Co.'S. Mail orders
accompanied by check will receive
prompt attention in order of their re-
ceipt.
The San Francisco call., 1905-01-01
STOCK BROKERS
FEAR AN ATTACK
Sharp Dip in Prices Is Due
to Dread of Dire Happen
ings Predicted for Future
SPIRIT OF UNCERTAINTY
Steady Uplifting of Prices
Makes Last Week of Year
i'm Wall Street Cheerful

NEW YORK, Dec. 31.-There was a
rather marked revival Of apprehension
of a successful attack upon the stock
market to-day, caused by renewed
proclamation of dire things to happen
next week by the same authority that
upset the recent market. The sharp
dip in prices to-day was clearly as
signable to that dread. The days trad
ing was in consequence rather ami
mated, contrary to expectations, as the
principal motive for holding session
was to bring together the members to
the annual New Year frolic which fol-
lowed the session of the exchange The
spirit of uncertainty thus awakened in
duced considerable throwing over of
stocks accumulated during the weeks
rise and resulted in an effective cur
tailrnent Of that rise.
Amalgamated Copper showed itself
sensitive to the new threat to the mar
ket, but that stock was supported In
the later dealings and closed un-
changed. The Pacifics were notably
weak and were affected by the denial
of rumor set in circulation that the
Northern Securities decision had been
handed down. United States Steel pre-
ferred was under pressure and showed
poor rallying power, its fresh decline
in the late dealings contributing to the
irregular closing.
The bank statement reflected only
part of the expected cash gain. but the
shifting of trust company accounts and
the annual settlements were to be reck-
oned with as confusing influences on
the statement and the showing was
not an influence on stocks. Neither was
there anything in the days news af-
fecting properties to influence the op-
erations in the market.
Total sales of bonds, par value, s3,-
365, ,000
The closing week of the year has
been a cheerful one in Wall street.
There has been a quiet and steady up
lift to prices, without signs of feverish-
ness or speculative excitement except
that the trading showed considerable
growth of animation toward the last
by reason of the encoura cement caused
by the advance. The distrust and un-
settlement due to the sudden collapse
of last month have largely subsided as
the sensational features of the cam
paign against prices were eliminated.
The news affecting property values
has been uniformly favorable. The
needs of an uncovered short interest
undoubtedly played some part also in
the buying. But the conviction seems
we'll founded that the demand was
largely of a more substantial character.
Investors were in the market in antici-
patton Of the resources which are to
accrue to them from the January dis