The Forrest City times., 1905-08-11

making. Armour iHSIIblit DI HttH-
 nology, Chicago
 feoryrIebt. by Joseph BowIes3
 shellsc varnish. or shellac, as 1t is commonly called, is a solution of stel- lar gum in alcohol. Pure grain aloo- tol only is used for the best grades, wood alcohol being substituted in the cheaper grades. These cheaper grades should be avoided because they de- teriorate rapidly anG do nGt produce q eoed finish, besides being very hard 10 spread evenly with the brush
 shellac varnish must oe brushed on quickly. since the alcohol evaporates rapft1ly. II must also be diluted with alcohol when necessary, until t will few freely and spread evenly.
 shellac varnish alone makes au ex- cellent finish for either soft or hard pine or for white maple. without the use of flier Three 70 six coats will be needed and each coat. when dry m1st he sandpapered smoo5b wIth No C paper before another is applied. The last coat is not sandpapered, but instead the surface is cut down even srd smooth with powdered punloe stone and oil. A good quality of ma- chine or lubTicatins oil is the best fer this purpose and should be used freely to keep the pumice stone vet and 10 prevent it from gathering into lumps on the rubber or on the surface of the work If the surface is fiat lse 2 small block Of pine wood. or better of cork over which several thick0esses Gf can tor flannel have been wrapped After cutting of the higher projections dis pense with the block and hold he cloth in the fingers only. The pumiee will cut faster without the block. bat greater care must be taken to ayold rubbing over and cutting the sbellae from tue corners and angles of tEe pieee being rubbed
 Shellae will not take hIfh polish Ike varnish and is usually finished and polished with the pumice and oil alone To work rapidly they must De gsed free ly and the condition of he surface ex- amined often during the process by simply wiping eff Q small section with tbe finger CT a soft cloth
 Patching Varnish
 When rubbing varEish 10 aD even and smooth surface. even experienced ynhberS will sometimes rub through that is rub or cut of al the yarnish down 10 the bare wood To patch such spots requires time. patience and care. The first coat ,in recoating} must be put or so as to cover the bare spots only, but as the shellac is very thin fer some distance around the spot. the sec end coat must be spread around he first, and the third still farther on, adding coat each day. but sandOapering between coats with great care to avoid scratch ing the rubbed surface of the sheliac near by
 Copal varnish.
 Copal or furniture varDish as ii IS more often called. is made of gum eopal boiled linseed oil and turpentine, combined by heat, being boiled togeth- CT and strained. after which if is al lowed to settle and ripen, often for sey- eral months. before il .s ready to use
 This yarnish. unlike shellac. dries very slowly, owing to the oil which it contains. SO that each coat requires from two 0 four days 10 dry and harden.
 II must he used Guite thin. so that il VIII run freely from the brush turpen- line being added for this purpose, or. better the varnish may he slightly warned by placing the varnish cup over tnot in a vessel of hot water. This last method. when convenient, is greatly 10 De preferred, as the raw turpentine when added will destroy much of the smoothness and gloss of the varnish.
 0opai varnish is applied directly to ne surface of the filler, and each sue cessiye coat must be sandpapered smooth with No. paper before another IS brushed on. Three. four and even NIX coats Will be needed. according to me quality of the fiEish desired After .ne lasl coat has become dry and hard eae Whole Is rubbed down even and smooth with pUmic stone Oil may be used as described for shellae. but as eopal IS an oil varnish. it will resist Aueh lasler fl water is used with 1t in water, and the pumice stone will cut p'aee of oil. The surface produced will oe equally smooth, but will have no polish or gloss.
 Fi'eF cutting the yarnish 10 a smooth, e'eh surface, all pumice must be care ..iiy wiped off with moist sponge and 'Hs new surface of the varnish allowed ~ dry and harden for one or two days. s.seF which all remaining particles of sssii'e are removed and the new surface :. lne farnish is polished by using fine s"." po"uefed rotten stone and oil on a soil wad of canton flannel
 :, when polishing with rotten stone s ,He last or finishing polish is best pro- as''C aagec oy small circular strokes of the s'Sher and when the required polish
 as been given to the surface. all re- Hine oil and rotten stone is wiped o. oa "l'h soft cloth, and the final noIisb eassi sa.eh With piece of soft chamois skin. {, ,'Inulhg 10 use the circular strokes ,1 eieIenee 10 rubbing lengthwise or