davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09
ICE CREAM SUPPER AT ELON

The ladies of Elon church will give an
ice cream supper on wednesday night,
Sept. 18th, to which the public are
cordially invited to attend. The sup.
per will he for the benefit of the church
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09
FOR SALE.

Two second hay presses; one full
circle S2j; half circle SIS; also two sec
ond hand mowers. all in good running
order Apply to
NJ. NJ. HUNTER.
July 30 Macon, Miss.
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09
NOTICE 7

The notes and accounts of Dr. W Nc
Blide have been placed in our hands for
collection and all parties indebted to
him are hereby notified to call and set =
tie or steps will be taken to collect same
by law.
iuly29 2ms ALLGooD IL TYSON,
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09

We have been appointed by the State
School Book Commission as agents for
the sale Of School Books. We now have
full line As the profit is small do not
ask us TO charge them.
c, P, RUSSELL g. Co.,
Mashulaville, Miss.
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09

VlRESPASS NOTICE-All parties are
l. hereby warned not tresspnss on the
following places BIeasley, Mclntosh,
nlenn and Ro5ertson-under penalty Of
the law. ii. w. EN ANS.
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09
WATER RATES.

See. %. BE it further ordained by
the mayor and board of aldermen Of the
City Of Macon Miss, that the tariff or
water rates shall be us follows per quar-
ter for the said city;
For each tapping of the main, actual
cost to the sidewalk in front of residences
or storehouses or other buildings.
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09
w. E. HAGIN,
ShuquaIak,

Agent for the celebrated Rose
borough Monument Cos St
Louis, Mo-. Fine Granite work
a speciality. Also do iron tenc
ing, Write for prices, etc. S-11
Subscribe 10 Tie Deacon.
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09
Boarn of Supervisors.
Monday Sent 4th

The board met in regular session; al
the members present.
ALLOWANCES.
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09
I B. JOHNSON,
TOnsOrial ParlOrs,
Macon. Miss,

Thoroughly equipped baths will soon
in operation The patronage of the
bic is solicited,
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09

aldermen.
WATER MEASURED BY METER.
Water measured by meter will be
charged for as follows
tMeter to be paid for by appcantI
For an average daily consumption Of
not less than 300 nor more than 1000 gall
Ions, 30 cents per 1000 gallons
For an average daily consumption of
not less than 1909 no more than $500
gallons 25 cents per 1000 gallons.
For an average daily consumption of
not less tnan $500 gallons, nor more
than 5000 gallons, Is cents per 1000
gallons,
For an average daily consumption of
not less than 5000 nor more than 30. 600
gallons, 10 cents per 1000 gallons.
For m average daily consumption of
over 90, 900. (not exceeding 40, 600 gal
lons). s cents per 1000.
Over 40 900 gallon rat to be fixed by
mayor and board of aldermen.
ELECTRIC LIGHT RATES.
Sec. 26 Be it further ordained by the
mayor and board of aldermen of the
City Of Macon, Miss, that the Tariff or
Electric Light rates per month, for
Electric Lights shall be as 70 lows;
(Thc installtion Of electric lights to be
at cost of the applicant)
AZ For the first light...$l 90
For the second light, rs
For the third light, so
For each ad LIGHT. 25
As Meter rate l5c per 1000 killerwats.
Rate based upon 6 candle power
Where meter is used a minimum rate
per month of SEQ of fifteen lights or
less and SOC for each additional lights or
fractional part thereof.
Sec q Be it further ordained that
at the time Of the application for the
installation Of Waterworks or Electric
Lights the applicant shall enter into a
contract with the city for not less than
one year (unless the lights or water shall
be for temporary use only which con-
tract shall show the property conditions
and the nrmber Of lights to be used and
the rate per light or if for water, the
purpose for which the water is to be
used, and the rate, and all such con
tractssshall bc5Gled with the clerk of the
city for safe keeping
Sec 2S Be it further ordained that
where no rates are hereiu provided for
they shall be fixed by the Mayor and
Board Of Aldermen.
Sec. 20. Be it further ordained that
all ordinances in conflict with this ordi-
nance be and the same are hereby re-
pealed.
Sec. 80. Be it further ordained that
the occasion being urgent that this or
dinance shall take effect and be in force
from and after its passage
Approved this, the 3lst day of Aug.
1905. j. o. FASER, Mayor.
Attest WALTER B. PATTY,
Clerk pro tenn.
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09
BRlCKl RRICK1

j, II. Williams has thousands OF
brick for sale at the depot. Apply al
Compress or phone No. 42.
NOTICE
Two nice Cottages for rent, apply
'9-9 ct N. SCALES.
Macon beacon., 1905-09-09

july 20
The Washington times., 1905-11-19

piled Geagan, ''I had instructions
from the department to keep in
touch with the West Virginia from
the time she left New Orleans, and
was trying to pick her up when the
message intended for the Colorado
was caught"
Though they picked up the West
Virginia there was no attempt to
communicate with her; partly be-
cause, as Mr.. Geagan explained,
while it is possible for a station
in tune with another at a great dis
tance to receive, it cannot always
send;" and partly. perhaps, as Mr..
Robinson frankly admitted, the re-
ceiving instruments at the navy
yard are much better than their
sending instruments. To return TO
Mr.. Geagan, he said further:
mo. You see while il is possible
for a station in tune with another at
a great distance TO receive. they can
not always send. Then, too, it is a
very rare thing for message to be
received such a distance and would
only be possible under the most fav-
orable conditions and at night. We
find that the atmospheric conditions
during the day are not nearly so fav-
orable as at night. The light and
heat waves have a most decided er-
feet upon the electrical impulses and
interfere to a great extent with the
distance we can receive ~ message, as
we'll as its clesrness. | should say
that we are able to transmit mes
sages at night at least 100 per cent
better
1.-TWO things. the size and power
of the sending apparatus, and the
atmospheric conditions. determine
the distance a message will travel.
Then, too. the height of the mast
from which the message is sent has
something TO do with it, On this
account and because there is not
room for a powerful apparatus, it is
not possible to send messages from
ships as great E distance as you can
from a land station, though trans
mission is easier and the conditions
better on water This makes the re-
ceipt of the message sent from
the Presidents ship remarkable 1t
was sent from a wire whose height
was confined 10 the ships mast, and
as the West Virginia was about mid
way between New Orleans and Key
The Washington times., 1905-11-19
A Half Dozen Systems

Much naturally depends on the
generation of the oscillations, the
height and arrangement of the an
tennae, and the sensitiyeness and re-
liability of the wave detector.
There are half a dozen different
systems in use. The United States
prefers the De Forest or the Fessen-
den; Great Britain the Marconi or
Lodge-Muirhead; Germany the Slaby-
Arco and the Braun, now consolidat-
ed as the Siemens-H -Halske wireless
system; France, the Ducrekl and
other systems; Italy naturally leans
toward and claims a share in the
Marconi system; Russia uses the
Popoff; japan has developed a sys-
tenn of her own whose inventors are
unknown. but which is said to be
similar to the Marconi.
All the wireless telegraph systems
use a modification of the Morse tele-
graph alphabet Uncle Sam and most
of Europe use twenty-six characters:
the Russians use thirty. and the Jap
anese forty.
II is hard TO say which Is the best
of the systems. 1t was a Slaby-Arco
receiver that took the messages from
the West Virginia the other night.
Mr. Robinson, of the Navy Depart
ment equipment bureau, says they
are trying all the systems over there,
using the Slaby-Arco receiver and
experimenting with different trans
mitters. The equipment over at the
navy yard is not as yet considered a
very good one. though they have
about as delicate a receiver as any
known.
For commercial purposes any one
The Washington times., 1905-11-19

West at the time. the message came
the entire distance overland"
In response TO a question as to the
greatest difficulty in operating, Gea-
gan replied without seconds hesi-
tatiOn: Interference; you see every
wireless apparatus is sensitive TO the
action of any wave which may come
in contact with it, provided It IS in
tune, or nearly so, with the sending
station. so if two or more stations
should start tc send at the same
time. or some one butt in while
message is being sent between two
stations, It is not possible to hear
distinctly
The sad fact is that when a num-
ber Of vessels and stations are en-
deavoring. each to use the ether for
signaling purposes as a sort of pri-
vate wire, the results are likely TO be
a bit confused. 1t was this that
queered the Marconi c0mpany's at
tempts to report the last interna-
tiOnal yacht race by wireless. Rival
newspa spapers-Or perhaps il was rival
cOmpanies-in a dog in the mangeF
spirit succeeded in so far interfering
with the Marconigrams that were
being attempted as to render them
valueless. Again il 1903, during the
British naval maneuyers, the at
tempt TO convey orders by wireless
resulted in hopeless confusion, one
set Of signals interfering so with an
other that al attempt TO follow the
disjointed messages was abandoned.
As to overcoming this difficulty,
Mr. Geagan said: ITO certain ex-
tent we can 20 il BY 4 system of tun-
ing. AS I said before, the stations
must be nearly in tune in order TO
affect one another. and by a prear-
ranged system. We can if in COM
munication with a station and in
terfered with by another, change the
tune Of our instruments, so as to cut
the other fellow out"
But the wireless telegraph propo-
sition itself is every day developing
new possibilities. Though Marconi's
dream has not yet been realized, it
looks as If it might be before long.
when station at Washington can
pick up message from a vessel
thousand miles away, and interpret
it clearly. though it has travelled
most Of those thousand miles over
land. Certainly at that rate trans
Atlantic communication should soon
be on practical paying basis. since
il is admittedly AZ least ten times
harder 70 send messages by land
than By sea.
The Washington times., 1905-11-19
The First Wireless

Il is some ten or fifteen years
since Marconi announced that the
wireless telegraph was an accom-
plished fact IN reality it had been
an accomplished fact for several
years before that, but it had been
fact Of no practical utility. Several
successful attempts had been made
TO transmit intelligence to distance
by means of electromagnetic waves
without connecting wires between
the sending and receiving stations.
Several of the railroads had such
telegraph systems-induction sys-
TENS they were called-as a means of
communicating with moving trains.
It was simply an application of the
well known principle that when an
electric current is varied In one wire
It induces a current OF electricity in
a neighboTing parallel wire. By
having battery and telegraph key
In one wire. and q telephone receiver
The Washington times., 1905-11-19
Uncle Sam Open to Reason

The important war vessels of
every navy are all equipped, or be-
ing equipped, with wireless outfits.
Military authorities the world over
are also using wireless telegraphy,
equipping forts with the most prac-
tical systems procurable, even ar
ranging portable outfits to be car
Tied in carts for signaling on land.
1t is necessary, of course, for these
TO have two carts, one carrying an
oil engine, which will operate an
alternating current generator, the
other carrying the transmitting and
receiving apparatus. Masts used to
support the vertical wires at fixed
stations weigh from four to six
tons, which makes them imprac-
ticable as part of this portable para
phernalia; so small hydrogen bal
looms are used instead to support
the antennae, and in stormy weather
from four to six kites.
Uncle Sam is certainly approach
ing the wireless telegraphy PROPOSE
ton with an open mind, and having
a try at all the systems. The navy
leans toward the Slaby-Arco; though
as already noted. it is testing half
dozen others. The army rather pre-
fers the Braun, though the Signal
Corps has its own opinion and advo-
Gates the Wildman Ga combination
of other systems with improvements
by Captain Wildman) As for the
Weather Decentralization methods
are good enough for Il, so it uses the
Fessenden system. The adoption of
one standard system might be mar
row-minded, but il would certainly
simplify matters. If only in making
possible an interchange OF men and
apparatus in an emergency.
The Washington times., 1905-11-19

chants, chiefly fruit growers and
shippers. The ability of the grower
to communicate with the shipper at
critical moment has already,
though it has not been long In oper-
alton. saved thousands Of dollars.
There have been several attempts
to send messages across the ocean,
some of them probably successful,
though that is disputed point, but
none of them sufficiently successful
to warrant any belief in the imme-
diate fulfllment of Marconi's proph-
ecy Of more than a decade back:
Two hundred words minute at one
cent a word, and the general use of
wireless telegraphy instead of the
mails for large portion OF the per-
sonal and business correspondence
that now passes between America
and Europe is a development to be
looked for in the near future"
Uncle Sam has recently contracted
for half dozen rather long circuits
in the canal zone Their messages
are TO be sent from masts from 200
to 300 feet high, which is about
double the height of most of those
now in use, and their generators are
to be from twenty-five to forty
horsepower, which is about ten
times the power of the average now
in use. 1t is expected that the great
er height Of the masts and the vastly
increased power will make it pos
sible to transmit messages over a
far longer circuit The stations
should have been completed before
now. but the companies are still
working at them-to make them
carry the distances guaranteed.
They want 10 get the long dis
tance service, eh?" said the reporter
innocently.
They want to get their money"
retorted Mr.. Robinson, with a
twinkle in his eye, "and they can't
till they fulfill their contracts; that's
all"
At the navy yard it is not one
Of these very powerfully equipped
stations. 1t is being improved ali
the time They want an appropria-
tion to improve it still more. Their
transmitters are not particularly
good ones, but their receivers are the
best that come.
They are not particularly proud
of the wireless station at the navy
yard, and the camera man had some
difficulty getting permission to make
photographs He didn't get ii tb,
first time he tried. He came back
mopping his perspiring brow and
murmuT1ng that he'd rather be a
camel trying to pass through the
eye of a needle, or John Donation
himself trying to get into TIE king
dom of Heaven than a poor innocent.
well-meaning photographer trying to
get into the navy yard However
the next day his permit came, Cap
The Washington times., 1905-11-19


navy yards wireless sta
ton just then. There was
distinctly nothing doing
nothing at all Which
Is not greatly to be wondered at, for
it was 2:07 Of the morning of Octo-
Der IS. and 2:07 a. m. is about the
most unstrenuous hour Of the
twenty-four. But they had been try
ing for several hours to pick up"
the West Virginia, homeward bound
from New Orleans, and when the re-
ceiving instrument began to show
signs Of life and evidently had some
thing it simply had to say the oper-
ators came to with jerk and decid-
ed that they had better sit up and
take notice.
They found that they had indeed
intercepted a wireless message from
the T. S. S. West Virginia, which
was bringing the President home
from New Orleans. and which was
at that time something more than
a thousand miles away. on the Gulf
OF Mexico. This was the message:
eoeIober %. 2:O7 a m.
-'To the Commanding Officer of the
Colorado.
West Virginia will arrive on
Sand Key light about noon today.
Eighteen Knots.
'BROWNSON."
It evidently wasn't meant for the
Washington navy yard. 1t was
simply a message from Rear Admiral
Browason to one of the conveying
squadron, presumably less than a
mile away, advising it about the
rate of speed to keep up with $he
West Virginia. Yet the message
Travelled all the way to Washington,
lost a few words. apparently. on the
way. and could probably have been
received in good condition anywhere
on earth. or at the moon for that
matter. had there been a receiving
instrument there sufficiently delicate
10 catch the dying vibrations.
For when a wireless telegraph in
strument starts a message il is some
thing like dropping a stone into
pool. the vibrations start on from il
in widening circles. growing fainter
and fainter; so that the greater the
distance from the transmitting in
strument. the more delicate the re-
ceiving instrument has TO be to re-
spond to the ever fainter vibrations.
Also, of course, a very powerful
transmitting instrument will start
sharper vibrations, which viii neces-
sarily carry farther than the faint
ones started % - weaker transmit
ter.
AS 10 wireless telegraphy-the
writer tried to get some Of the navy
experts 10 put it into words of one
syllable, TO tell him the story simply
as 20 q child-and this is about the
way 1t pans out.
The Washington times., 1905-11-19

of the systems Is fairly reliable
over water for distances of from
twenty-five to $50 miles. A large
number of the ocean liners have in
stalled wireless systems with fairly
satisfactory results. Circuits are
in operation between the mainland
and lighthouses, or lightships,
both in this country and in Europe,
and messages from passing vessels
also equipped with wireless systems
are regularly exchanged.
The Washington times., 1905-11-19
Panama Requires High Nasts

Wireless telegraphy was recently
successfully used IN the Far East, af-
fording means of communication
from beleaguered Port Arthur, and
also means of transmission of war
news Cne OF the most practical
wireless circuits is between Boca del
Toro, Panama, and Port Limon.
Costa Rica. where the nature of the
ocean bed made the laying of a
cable impracticabie. This circuit is
seventy miles in length and was es-
tablished for tbs use of the mer-
The Washington times., 1905-11-19

IN the other, it was possible to re-
ceive and transmit Morse telegraph
signals across the intervening space.
And that is the fundamental prin-
ciple underlying ell the present sys-
TENS of wireless telegraphy.
In modern wireless telegraphy cleo
trio vibrations or waves are radiated
into free space at rates varying from
several hundred thousands to many
millions a second. The apparatus
required is a high mast, which is
equipped with a wire, one end of
which. known technically as the
antenna, projects vertically from the
top, a generator for setting up the
electric oscillations In this vertical
wire or antenna, from which the
electric waves are to be radiated into
space; a similarly rigged wire at the
receiving station to intercept and
absorb some of the electric waves
and transform them into oscillations
of that wire, where they are detected
by a receiver of electric. oscillations.
The received oscillations are obvious
ly very weak as compared with the
oscillations in the transmitting wire.
but by employing very sensitive de-
tectors of such oscillations the sig
mails transmitted may be received at
a great distance from their source.
In the operation of wireless tele-
graphy in its simplest form electric
oscillations are established in a YER
tical wire by an induction coil into
the primary circuit, of which a
telegraph wire is introduced. While
the key is held passive a continuous
train Of electric oscillations is main
tanned in the vertical wire, and con-
sequently a corresponding train Of
electric waves is radiated therefrom.
But when the key is opened the
oscillations and the waves cease.
Hence by opening and closing the
key, as an ordinary Morse telegraph
key Is operated, the train of waves
is broken up into what corresponds
TO the dots and dashes OF the tele-
graph code, and may be received as
such at the receiving station.
The Washington times., 1905-11-19

tain Leutze stipulating that he must
not try to take the building from the
outside, for it was unfinished and no
credit to anybody. and he mustn't
take-well, he must see Captain
Davenport and only take what he
was let take.
On that understanding the camera
was admitted. 1t is no wonder the
commandant did not want any pic
lures taken which would show the
building. The building now IN use
is a temporary one and is a dinky
little brick building that bears a
marked resemblance to a coal shed.
The wires were supported on two
tall smoke stacks, for as yet no
masts have been erected for the
purpose, and form a huge letter X
in the air.
The two operators, Messrs. Geagan
and Martin, had been notified that
they were to have their pictures
taken, and must try to look pleas
ant. They were inside awaiting
the ordeal with a reasonable degree
of composure.
The Washington times., 1905-11-19
The Man Who Caught the Message

me Man Who Caught the Message
Mr.. Geagan-Patrick F. Geagan-
is the man who received the Presi-
dents message. He ranks as a first
class electrician, and what he doesn't
know about wireless telegraphy is
hardly worth mentioning. From the
di6lclflty experienced in persuading
him thereto, what he does know is
equally hardly worth mentioning.
That, however, Is entirely a. matter
of opinion.
He says: The general principles
of wireless telegraphy are pretty
we'll understood. We simply run a
wire up for a short distance into
the air and the electrical energy dis
charged from this wire creates a
wave, which, acting upon the wire
at another station, records the dots
and dashes as they are sent. The
sending key is very similar to that
used in ordinary telegraphy. In re-
ceiving messages, however, We use
a phone ear receiver, as this enables
the operator TO catch sounds which
would be too faint to act upon an
ordinary telegraphic receiving in
strument, and when the operator
uses the ear receiver he can, if de-
sired. increase the volume of sound
by opening his mouth.
Opening his mouth?"
"Yes, it's a curious fact perfectly
we'll known to every wireless opera
tor that if you will open your mouth
when listening to a faint message, it
will enable you to hear it much bet
ter
please tell me about the stray
message aecidently caught from the
West Virginia while the President
was on b0ard2'
That was hardly an accident" re-
The Washington times., 1905-11-19

- HINGS were dull at the
navy yards wireless sta
ton just then. There was
distinctly nothing doing
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1905-01-04
DR.. Foley, telephone No.. 100.

Mr.. and Mrs. James NJ. Blackford
received a New Years present in the
shape of a son, born Sunday afternoon.
Pianos for rent at theH.Art Music
store.
Mrs. Fred F. Attix and child return
ed to this city Saturday evening from
Tacoma, where they have been for
two months.
Oats for sale by the Juaith Basin
Milling company. j, fg,
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank E. Wright left
Friday morning for Helena. After a
short visit in that city they will start
on an extended trip in the interests of
Mr.. Wright's health. 49,.
Shirts requiring no starch 10 cents
at Judith Steam Laundry. ,f...
Work was begun Tuesday in remod-
cling the Argus Office. AS soon as
this work is finished the offices of the
editor and the city editor and the
composing room will be located on the
second floor. ".'st-
H. Leonard De Kalb, attorney at law.
Office Allen & Robinson building.
Inc Argus IS Ill TeCelpl OL d letteT
from Fl. w. Sharpe, auditor of the
Montana r. r. Co. stating that the
company will sell 1000 mile tickets
at the rate of cents mile after
February l, 1905. in2
The chinook that struck this city
Thursday night was one of the most
| complete ones for years. The wind
| blew some during Thursday afternoon,
but by evening was blowing a gale and
during the night every vestige of snow
! disappeared.