davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1905-09-01
NICKNAMES OF STATES.
Titles of Commonwealths that Were
Suggested by Ronaance-Othsrs
Decidedly Prosaic.

Chicago Chronicle.
George Washington delivered an
address before the common council
Of New York in 1884 in which he said:
Il pray that heaven may bestoW
its choicest blessings on your city;
tlat the devastation of war in which
you found it may soon be without
trace: that a well-regulated and bene-
fetal commerce may enrich your cit
;zenS and your state-at present the
seat of empire-lnay set such exam
ples OF wisdom as shall have tender-
cv 10 strengthen the Union
And from that day to this New
York has been known as the En-
pire State.
Back in the early days, before
America as a nat on began to make
slistory, somebody wrote a romance
and called it LAS Sergas de Espla-
madam and somebody else published
It in 1910. In this tale a beautiful pa
gan queen called Salafia, living in
kingdom called California. furnished
an army OF amozonians to Esp'ana-
dian, Emperor of the Greeks, to aid
in defending Constantinople against
eastern infidels. This land OF the
pagan queen was filled with gold.
CorJez, the explorer OF later date,
had read and been Impressed by this
tale. When he set our upon his eN.
pedi-ion OF adventure his mind was
tar;Eed al the thought OF new rlche*
he was to acquire, and thus he called
the land which he discovered on th>
Pacific coast California. From that
dav 10 his it has been known as tho
"goldell" state and its people have
been nicknamed gold hunters"
Tar Heels aid Hoosiers.
Ii is an interesting matter for IN
vest:s.t,on. this OF how the states OF
the Jrion came 70 be called what the,
are today, tse manner in which they
acQuire their variuos nick names and
,yhv their respective citizens are char
acter;zed by the more or less odiouS
epithetS that cling 10 them. In
other words, why are North Caro-
1inians called tar heels" citizens OF
Colorado called "rovers," Indianians
@<hoosiers," or Missourians "pukes:"
1t is recalling facts in history to
answer. In the first place, most OF
the states which form the Ur took
their names originally I II the
stream or mountain that formed a
conspicuous feature OF the territory.
and these had been previously named
by the Indians.
The state OF Colorado was named
for HE river. The word means red
As a general thing Colorado streams
are clear, limpid and reflect the blue
Q: the heavens and natures green.
B.t when mountain storms arse
there is rolled through these disturb
ed waters quantities Of red sand.
Ilc;,ce :lc name
Iu,urnGu vas admitted into the
- . ~. ,.a,- ~ tI1t centennial
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1905-09-01

20 her people is attached the repre-
hensible nickname OF ''puke." This
dates back to 1927, the time when the
Galena lead mines were drawing peo-
pie from all over the country So
many of these came from Missouri
that other Missourians who had gone
on before remarked that the state
had taken sudden ''puke."
Several years previous to this time
there had been a big exodus from
these same mines that had given rise
to the nickname of the citizens OF
Illinois or "T-::5e OF Men," A large
partv while boarding the steamer at
the Galena wharf was asked. "Where
We going:H TO hum" was the reply.
WELL" was the rejoinder OF the old
miner. ''ye put me in mind CT suckers.
They go up the river II the spring,
spawn and all return down again il
the fall" The IIl:noisans became
"suckers." The state is known as
the Prairie state on account OF its
sweeping land.
Just why the Indianians are called
''hoosiers' is matter that has not
been entirely settled In the earlier
DAYS the word ''husher" was a COM
mon western term for a bully, and
this is offered by some authorities
as an explanation OF the term hoos;er.
Others say that it is the result OF
contraction of the question. "Whos
yeo:'
Hawkeyes.
Iowans, "drowsy ones" are hawk
ewes because an Indian chief of that
name once spread terror among trav-
cllers abroad in this land. kansans
have been jayhawkers since the days
OF the civil war. when the guerrilla
bands inaugurated lawless method
OF warfare. On the other hand. as
If to atone for this unpleasant cpl
:hc:, the state has been dubbed the
garden OF the West" on account OF
its great productiveness.
Denizens OF the land where the blue
grass grows. Kentucky, are called
corn crackers" because a rail with
his peculiar name is the game bird
i that region Sometimes they are
.a'led red horses. but nobody seems
know why
VIXEN La Sale entered ihc GNi:
=; Mexico in 1852. he founded tic loT;
D; S.. Louis and named it for Louis
~. ii France. and The surrounding
>rr:.ory he called -"uis;ana. The
':,haDi;arlS oi this country originally
vrre French and Spanish settlers. and
heir descendants even today are call
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1905-09-01
WRITE Us A LETTER

freely and frankly, in strictest colhd-
ence, telling US all yo-.. symptoms ans
troubles. We will send free asMss
Gin plain sealed envelope9, how e
cure them. Address; Ladies' -AdMsnHs
Dept, The Chattanooga Medicine Co..
Chattanooga, Tenn
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1905-09-01

Beware OF the red flag. Its anarchy !
or an action.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1905-09-01
"YOU ARE FRIENDS

of mine," writes MIS-. F. L. Jones, OF
Gallatn, Tenn:
'For since taking Cardu' have
gained IS lbs, and ain in better health
khan fnr the psst. 9 years. tell my
that 'Ca1dN Is worth its
'Wasm in gold to al sEering ladies'
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
I The only high grade Baking psssss
made st moderate prios.
Calumet /
| Baking =,
/ Powder
MILLIONS AT STAKE
SOUTH DkKo1A COURT TO PASS
ON LEGALITY OF TAXING
MORTGAGES.
HOLDERS SAY LAW IS IRVkLiD
OUTCOME OF SUIT AFFECTS PRAC.
TIcALLY EVERY COUNTY IN
THE STATE.
HOLDERS SAY LAW is IRVALID

Sioux Falls, S. D.. Jan. 3.-The tax
ing of mortgages amounting TO mil
lions of dollars under ths laws OF
South Dakota is dependent upon the
outcome of suit which is to be dis
posed of during an adjourned term OF
the state circuit court, VIII b is now
in session in Clay county.
Last spring the county commission
ers of that county, in accordance with
law enacted by the last legislature,
assessed mortgages to the value OF
100000. The holders Of these mort
cages allege that the law under which
these assessments We're made is IN
constitutional and void.
They therefore instituted an action
against the county commits ;ioners. If,
as the result of the suit, the law is
declared constitutional mortgages will
in future be assessed by the assessors
OF practically every county in South
Dakota.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
DR.. CHADWICK MEETS WIFE.
Pathetic Scene in the County Jail al
Cleveland.

Cleveland, Jan. 3.--Dr. Leroy 5.
Chadwick arrived in this city during
the day and was Immediately driven
TO the county jail, where he was reg
istered as a man against whom the
law has a suspicion
DR.. Chadwick was then escorted to
the womans ward, where he met his
wife.
Mrs. Chadwick flung herself into her
husbands arms and both wept con-
vulsively Mrs Chadwick tried to i'm
bue her husband with the thought OF
her innocence of any wrongdoing. His
only response was, Il hope So
Trust me, trust me, was the con-
stant cry of the woman.
The doctor was daZed for moment
upon reaching the turkeys room.
Emil Hoover had arrived at the jail
while Dr. Chadwick was with his wife
and was awaiting his stepfather in the
office. The man grasped both hands
of the boy and searched his face for a
moment before either spoke.
Emil" slowly said the dostor, IT
has been long time since | saw you.
Many things have happened since
then"
The boy made no response TO his
stepfather's remark and they started
to leave the Jail.
Has your regard for Mrs. Chadwick
changed since her -e began a
questioner of DR. Chadwick as they
were leaving the Jail.
IL cannot say anything" interrupted
the physician. You will have TO talk
with Mr.. DawIey or Mr.. kefruish.
There will be no statement" said
Mr.. Dawley; so you may as well let
him rest"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
FURTHER DEFENSE USELESS
SToESSEL SUES FOR TERMS IN
ORDER TO END NEEDLESS
SACRIFICE OF LIFE.

Toxic, Jan. 3.--General Nogi has re-
ported as follows:
'.At in the afternoon of Jan. the
enemys bearer of flag of truce came
into the first line of our position south
of Sushiyen and handed letter to our
officers. The same reached me at
o'clock at night. The letter, signed by
General Stoessel, is as follows:
Judging by the general condition
OF the whole line of hostile positions
held by you find further resistance at
Port Arthur useless and for the pur-
pose OF preventing needless sacrifice
of lives / propose to hold negotiations
with reference to capitulation. Should
you consent to the same you Will
please appoint commissioners for dis
cussing the order and conditions re-
garding capitulation and also appoint
q place for such commissioners to meet
the same appointed by me.
~ take this opportunity to convey
to your excellency assurances OF my
respect.
Shortly after dawn | dispatched
our bearer of flag OF truce with the
following reply. addressed to Stoessel:
81 have the honor to reply to your
proposal 10 hold negotiations regard
ing the conditions and order of capitu-
lation. For this purpose | have ap-
pointed as commissioner Major Gen.
eral Ijichi. chief OF staff OF our army.
He will be accompanied by some stan
officers and civil officials. They viii
meet your commissioners Ian. 2. noon.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
SEVERAL PERSONS INJURED.
Great Western Train Wrecked at Har
lem, Ill.

Chicago, Jan. 3.-Several persons
were injured when passenger train
from st. Paul on the Chicago Great
Western railway was derailed at the
Wisconsin Central crossing in Harlem.
a suburb of Chicago. Two coaches
were partially overturned The signal
to stop was apparently ignored by the
engineer for some reason and, to pre-
vent a collision with a Wisconsin Cen
trail train. the man in charge of the
signal tower operated derailing de-
vice. The baggage car and the first
coach. which was filed with passen-
gers left the rails.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
one of II, launted courage and sublime
RUSSlA'S PACIFIC FLEET
PRACTICALLY WIPED OUT.

The defense of the position, which
fell TO her as a heritage after the
Chinese-Japanese war. has cost Russia
practically her entire fleet in those
waters. Her ships lie from Port Ar
thurs inner basin TO Chemulpo, IN
Korea, and along the Shantung penin-
sula, battered hulks of once proud yes
sells; Or, ANONYMOUSLY dismantled,
are interned in neutral Chinese har-
bors. Save the three or four cruisers
and some lesser craft that lie n the
icebound refuge of Nladiyostok not a
warship now flies the Russian cross
in the waters of the Northern Orient.
And Japan, too, has had her losses in
the long drawn out operations. Mines
have struck flom Admiral TogQs fleet
list many fine ships and smaiier YES.
sells since the morning of Feb. 3, when
he hurled his fleet at the Russian ships
in Port Arthur's roadstead.
The siege of Port Arthur properly
dates from May 27, when, after engag.
ing the first army landed BY the Japa-
nese at Pitsewo, Stoessel was forced
back from the neck of the kwangtung
peninsula. The Japanese landing was
begun on May and the Russian conf
mander elected to give battle at his
northernmost line of defenses. The
engagement was severe one and
drove the Russians back TO the first of
the main defenses of the position. A
few days later, on May 30. the Japa-
nese occupied Dalny and on June l4-16
General Stakelberg, advancing TO the
relief of the Port Arthur army, was
defeated by General Oku at the bat
ties of Nafangow and Telissu With
Togo's ships lying like watchdogs
around Port Arthur's seaward side
and Nogi advancing slowly but relent-
lessly by land the famous stronghold
was under siege, and from then on un-
til General Stoessel, on New Years
day, sought terms of oapitulation, the
operations have been marked by al
most ceaseless fighting, bombardments
by the feet alternating with desperate
attacks by land, or assaults by the
combined naval and military forces.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
ATTACKERS SUFFER FEARFUL LOSSES
cAPlTuLATIoN OF PORT ARTHUR.

Port Arthur has surrendered. Ex-
hausted by months of almost constant
fighting, decimated by disease and cas-
ualties and hopelessly sealed in its
rocky fortress, the gallant garrison
has yielded to its gallant besiegers and
the end is now written of the most
dramatic war incident of modern
times
AT 9 o'clock Sunday night General
Nogi, commanding the Japanese army
of investment, received from General
Stoessel, commander at Port Arthur,
\ note saying that he found further
resistance useless and asking for a
meeting t0 arrange terms Of capitula-
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
PASSENGER TRAIN WRECKED.
Engineer Killed and Many Passengers
Injured.

Clarksburg, W. Va, Jan. 3.-The
Pickins and Fairmont ,sommodation
train on the West Virginia and Pitts
burg division of the Baltimore and
Ohio railroad ran into a landslide at
Craddock, w. Va. and was wrecked.
The engine plunged into the West
Fork river and Engineer Carrico OF
Fairmont is pinned under the engine,
fatally injured. Many OF the passen-
gers were bruised and shaken up, but
none were seriously injured. The mail
ard baggage cars are buried under
rocks and dirt and dynamite is being
IIsnd To ramnVn the Ha'.r'-
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
CAME AS A SURPRISE.
Paris Not Prepared for Surrender of
Port Arthur,

Paris, Jan. 3.-The reports of the
negotiations for the surrender of Port
Arthur came as surprise while the
holiday celebrations were going on and
all public and private business was
suspended The Japanese legation was
the first to receive official confirma
ton of the report that General Stoes
sci had asked for terms. The news
Travelled rapidly and was widely dis
cussed at the various official and dip
lomatic receptions. French sentiment
generally applauds the heroic defense
of General Stoessel, but it accords
recognition of the unceasing siege Of
General Nogi and Admiral Togo.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03

dl SnuiSnlJ4nS. lie commissioners 0l
both parties will be empowered TO sign
a convention for the capitulation with
out waiting for ratification and cause
the same TO take immediate effect
Authorization for such plenary powers
shall be signed by the highest officer
of both the negotiating parties and the
same shall be exchanged by the re
spective commissioners.
81 avail myself OF this opportunity
to convey to your eXcellency assur.
ances of my respect.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
Shoots and Kills Her Husband.

Chicago, Jan. 3.-Harry G. Hopkins,
president of the Harry C. Hopkins
Printing company, was shot and
killed by his wife during a quarrel.
Two shots were fired by the woman,
both of which lodged in the mans
body. Jealousy il said to have prompt
ed the crime
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
SHOT DEAD BY HER RIVAL.
Indiana Woman Killed by Another
Woman at a Dance.

Logansport, Ind, Jan. 3.-Florence
Mitchell shot and killed Ella Swisher
during a dance at a roadhouse three
miles from here. Both are young wo-
men belonging to respectable families.
Miss Swisher had danced repeatedly
with G. l.. Morgan and. when leaving
the dance hall. kissed him. AS she
did so Miss Mitchell drew revolver
and fired at the girl. The second shot
was fired as she went through the
door and the third, which penetrated
the heart. was fired moment later.
Miss Mitchell escaped but was cap
tured on train bound for Chicago.
She is now in jail here charged with
murder.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03

ton. The note was simple and direct
and the Japanese general Immediately
named commissioners to confer with
representatives of the Russian COM
mander They met at noon Monday
and arranged the conditions to surren-
der.
The nature of the terms agreed upon
Is not yet known, but dispatches from
Toxic indicate that they will be OF
the most magnanimous character. The
emperor of Japan himself, through the
chief of the imperial STAFF, has given
public his expl ession that General
StoesseI has rendered commendable
service to his country in the midst OF
difficulties" and that it Is his wish
THAT military honors be shown him.
A dispatch from Toxic quotes military
opinion as believing that the entire
garrison will be allowed to marchSout
under arms and may be sent TO Russia
on parole. Late dispatc hes from Japan
have shown that the gallant defense
of Stoessel and his men has nowhere
been given finer appreciation than
in the land of his foes and it is more
than likely that Japan will embrace
the opportunity TO show her magma.
nilnity and admiration OF the gallantry
OF Port Arthur's defenders by allow
ing them all the honors which war
permits a victorious army to bestow
upon the yanquished
STORY OF OPERATIONS ONE
or REPEATED FIGHTING.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
WILL SERVE TO UNITE RUSSIA,
London Embassy Discusses Fall ot
Port Arthur.

London, Jan. 3.-As a result of the
news OF the fall OF Port Arthur con-
siderable depression was noticeable at
the Russian embassy. In the absence
of Ambassador Benkendorff. who has
gone or holiday trip TO St Peters
burg, representative OF the Associ-
ated Press saw First Secl etary Nj.
Poklewsky- -koziell, who said he had
no news from ST. Petersburg on the
subject OF Port Arthur, but he felt
satisfied that the surrender of the for
tress would only serve to unite all Rus
sia in the determination to put forth
her whole strength in the spring with
the view of retrieving the situation.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03

pSI.4 g-4,ery, ganauuy a;1a
despeI at.oa4 ,..-~,. ..aIled i'll modem war
fare and na1ut, eAcelled in military
history InC stoIy OF the operations
around Pot a. Inar is one of repeated
fighting, Lo.n Ds iand and sea, Of the
most despe4 s1te anu thrilling character
Isolated Instances or hefoism that
would have SET the world ringing IN
der less Overwhelming circumstances
have been dwalled by the generally
magnificent tUnIact OF both forces.
by sea the.e have been torpedo boat
dashes of superb lecklessness and big
ships have plOuehed through mine
fields with heroic disregard to give
battle or in Wild effoits To escape
BY land the japanese have hurled
themselves against positions declared
to be implegnable They have 4dced
and scaled rocky IeigL-s crowned
with batteries and crowded with de.
tenders, suffering losses that military
experts say would have appalled, any
European army.
In the doomed fortress its people
have lived under vast rain OF shells
and shrapnel Scanty rations, be
sieged on every side. knowing that
hope OF success or escape was vain,
the garrison has fought with d stub
5ornness that has evoked the admira-
tion of the world. They met the untir-
ing assaults of the Japanese with
grim valor that gained every praise of
their foe and the fighting has been
waged with relentlessness that often
refused truces to bury the dead and
collect the wounded. Over corpse
filled trenches men have fought hand
to hand with cold steel and dubbed
guns and at short range have hurled
at each other hand grenades filled with
high explosives. The whole story is
one of I'D launted courage and sublime
bravery.
What Port Arthur has cost in human
life and in money no estimate OF even
approximate correctness can be made.
The losses have been appalling. 1t has
been reported that in some engage
ments leading up to the recent capture
of 203-Meter hill the attacking force
lost as high as 40 per cent of the force
engaged, while the garrison's losses, OF
which no word has come, must have
been frightful.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1905-01-03
French Cardinal Dead.

Rheims, Jan. 3.-Cardinal Benedict
Mary Langenieux, archbishop OF
Rheims, is dead, aged eighty years.
He was created cardinal in 1886
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-08-18
lFirst Published IN Daily Leader August
Z 1905
NOTICE 70 CONTRACTORS.


Notice is hereby given that the BOARD
Of Regents Of the Colorcd Agricultural
and Normal University win receive bids
for the erection and construction OF n
girls dormitory on the college campus
grounds at the City Of Langston, In the
County OF Logan and Territory Of OK
lahoma.
said bids 10 be sealed and filed with e.
o. Tyler secretary Of the said BOARD OF
Regents. of Kingnshcr Oklahoma, or H.
C. Guss, president Of the said board. In
The City Of Guthrie, o. r., before the
22nd day Of August A. d. 1905.
Plans and specifications for the cone
sruction Of said building wn be found
ln the office OF r. O. tyler the secre-
taIy OF the said board at Kinriishcr
10. r., aforesaid, also at ,hc Office Of
w. C. Guss the president Of the said
board. al Guthrie o u, az the college
building az Langston. O. IT, and also
as the once Of Mr j. w. r. Turbynl,
architect, oi Oklahoma city o r
Bids 90 be plade for the construction
OF tho said building iu stcue also for
the construction ln brick according to
plans, estimates and specifications as
above referred 20. a certified check go
the amount Of ono Hundred and Fny
Dollars must accompany all bids.
q. G. Guss,
President. Board Regents.
j.. O TYLER
Secretary. Board Regents.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-08-18
QUAKER REFLECTIONS.


The disEusted flies and mosquitoes
ask wire screens7'
Always in hot water-hydroeen aud
oxygen.
Dead men tell no tales, neither do
they write poems
A stitch in time often saves your
bathing suit and your feelings
He's her half brother. isn't ho?" Il
don't know He was full the last lime
saw him"
"Myl how fast that trolly cars go
ing" Yes, suppose somebody's try
ing 10 catch e."
The greedy man az the table d'hots
dinner always makes the bill OF fare
his table of coutenis
Mamma- If you behave
that way you1l never 20 to heaven. q"
Tommy-'G don't care I've been to
the circus"
Insurance Agent-"why. you can
even commit suicide under one Of our
policies. and" Victim-"Is ter
obligatory"
Every man has some fagorite book
some book that ne swears by. In ,he
magistrates court everybody swears
by the Bible.
Some people live extravagantly be
cause they have money and Other
people have no money because they
live tly.-Philadelphia Rec
ord.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-08-18
sALesmEN WANTED.

How much Of your home Is uses as a
storage place? Stop storing and start
selling things you don't need through
Leader wants
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-08-18
SPECIAL RATES

The Santa Fe have reduce, rates TO
many points, we can only publish a
few, but any one contemplating a trip,
quotations won be gladly made.
Summer tourist. sold June lst 10
sept. 80, good to return until Oct. 81.
Chicago 1896. Denver t21.se. ST. Louis
s2s.65. Colorado Springs and Pueblo
sl9I5. Salt Lake City ssA6O. Glen
weod Springs sSl.1o. ST. Paul s266
Milwaukee ss165. II Paso 1920 and
many others.
Denver G. A. r. oncampment. sl4so.
sold August30 10 Sept. g. May be ex-
tended for return TO Oocober Z.
F. J. BEST. Agt.
J. L. WOOD. T. p. h.. Guthrie.