davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28

accidental patches of "grubs" left on
the farms, are now pointed to as the
most wise and judiCious use to which
the land could have been allotted. 1t
is a common remark that these young
trees, rescued within a decade or so
from the oblivion of a brush pasture,
are now the most promising and val
liable acreage on the farm.
To place this matter in a concrete
form, so thai values in young timber
may the more readily be determined
and the future development and rapid
growth Of timber be estimated, l have
made some compilations that to me
are very interesting.
| have used the following rule from
Ropp's commercial calculator: "Mul-
tiply the square Of the diameter by
the decimal 1854 and the result will
be the solid contents in square feet of
a log y feet long
Very many of these timber plats re-
ferred TO have Young trees that will
cut a log that will average eight
inches in diameter and L feet long.
Very many more are six inches and
growing fast. 1t is we'll within
the average TO estimate the growth of
this young timber 70 increase in diam
eter two inches in five years. This is
less than a half inch per year or a
thickness of less than i inch of its
annular ring.
The figures to follow are made to
show that the growth is cumulative;
that is, the next years growth adds
more than the measure of the last
years accumulation. and continues
so TO add so long as the tree has
breadth Of root space and room for
its branching top.
4 sapling six inches in diameter
and i feet long has 2S square feet of
surface. Five years later, at eight
inches in diameter, it has 50 feet a
gain Of > feet. In five years more
it has gained in diameter TO ten inches
and has 7Si1 square feet gain in
this five years Of %, feet. Add
another five year period and the tree
has reached i inches and hss lis
feet, gain Of s. feet.
Placing these gains consecutively to
illustrate the cumulative increase i'm
five year periods. we have fJr tie first
period . feet, then 2Sl1, then s. feet
Further, let Us suppose tint the tim
Der is worth two cents per foot The
six inch L foot cut is worth So cents.
In five years it has gained 50 that the
same tree is worth 81. In the next
period it is worth Sl.56, and at L
inches it is worth So
This estimate and statement will
doubtless be received at this time
with some measure of credulity, but
invite the earnest attention of those
who own these valuable timber plats
TO study the problem TO the purpose
that they may the more carefully con-
serve and foster the growth by ju-
dicious thinning. If trees are left
standing TO occupy each a square rod,
then 100 stand 20 the acre, and if half
of these are cut out, 80 remain and
the above estimate per tree will slim
ulate care of trees if not tree planting.
y. c. GLIDDEN.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28
ARB0R DAY.

They stood ready, at the beck of civil
ization, 20 construct its railways and
fleets, to build its homes and factor
les. Material for palaces and works
Of art, has been sawed from the hearts
of these common trees, such trees,
withal, as have, too often, been de-
voted to the "log-heap, and counted
but an incumbrance.
\ generation ago, what a treasure
of oaken trees did our own state pos
sess Better than Michigap's mines,
or wheatfields, were these splendid
timber tracts. Unable to foresee their
future value, the owners of these in
comparable oak openings "girdled," )"
"slashed, and logged up" wooded
treasures that would be worth millions
now. Many of us are able TO recall
the forests of 50 years ago. What
dense and sturdy magniticence! The
vide floors of these Michigan wood
lands, swept clean by annual fires,
seemed like the turfy pavement of
some vast cathedral. Far above, the
lusty branches were interlocked in
ceilings whose framework and foliage
only massive throng of oaks could
build. No minister of Europe had
finer columns than were these un-
ranked trunks of lordly trees.
But the scene has changed. The
boom of the woodman's AK has sound
ed the knell of the vanishing woods.
The forest has gone with the Indian,
the beaver, and the wild OK of the
plains. Here and there a clump of
oaks, or a single tree, is left to remind
us of the past, and inspire patriotic So
licitude for the future. These lonely
remnants, however, are sufficient TO
impress us with the noble nature of
sprung where the parent acorn fell,
and brooks no rude removal.
We transplant the maple and the
elm; but the oak falls not into the
mood of our arbor days. He is too
stout and we'll established to be read
lily uprooted. His clutch on the earth
is the grasp of a giant, whose life
may be that of a century. How tena-
cious he is of his fibrous, brown fol-
iage! The robust limbs hold fast
their leaves, despite the cleaving
frosts of winter, until they are liter
ally crowded off their anchoring twigs
by the new season. encroaching buds
then, they flutter TO the earth, one by
one. at their own slow leisure.
Brawuy, bold old king tree of the
forest! May his depleted race sur
vive, and once more flourish, until
Michigan shall have generous areas
Of oak openings again We invoke
the gods of sentiment and good sense,
that they may counteract the greed
of ravenous commerce, and give us
back a measure of the glorious, old
time woods.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28
Arbor Day Thoughts.
A. w. Hayden.


The familiar little verses of "Wood-
man, spare that tree" surely were not
written by a Michigan poet nor addressed
to Michigan people. They are not tree
savers, but tree destroyers, by instinct,
by habit and inherited disposition. They
have in few short years swept from the
"beautiful peninsula" the millions OF for
est wealth with which centuries of sun
shine and shower had clothed it. And
still the ak and saw are busy cutting
away the rags and tatters of the royal
robe in which nature had attired the
queen of forests and lakes-our peerless
state.
The wood lot grows smaller yearly and
finally becomes a stump lot. Then the
fence rows and roadside trees that had
escaped the vigilance of the destroyer
and were struggling into lives of use and
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28
Forest Products as a Source of Rev
enue for Improved Highways.
BY Lewis NJ. Haupt, A. NJ. c. e, Professor OF Civil
Engineering in the University of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania has been buying for
est reserve as fast as possible. 1t now
OWNS 572, ,722 acres Jan. 1908 purchas-
ed at an average cost of less than two
dollars per acre, total cost, say 81 ,OOO,-
600. These forests will in time be-
come source of considerable revenue.
Scientific reforestation has been COM
menced and within two years one half
million white pine trees will be ready
for transplanting. Annual message,
Gov. WILLIAM A. STONE.
Gov. Hill of Maine said: THE
Forestry Commission reports 81 ,OOO,-
100000 feet of spruce timber, not less
than nine inches at height of four
feet standing in Maine When cut
judiciously it will make an average
yearly growth of 3 per. cent or 650,-
600 600 feet \ 4 4 There
is also a large amount of valuable
hardwoods of various kinds which
will ultimately be source of great
wealth TO the state and give employ
meIlt TO a large number of people.
The value of these resources when
properly husbanded may be illustrat-
ed by actual experience. The ordin-
airy cottonwood is one of the least
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28

branches off as close to the trunk as
possible, and paint the exposed wood.
The size of the wound is not of inn
portance, so long as the bark around
it is alive and the wood protected by
paint. Even short projection of the
stub from the trunk generally prevents
the bark from growing over the
wound.
+-Holes in which the wood is wet
and rotten should be dug out, the rot
ten wood removed, as much as possible,
and 4 plug of sound wood fitted in
and painted, care being taken to fill
up the cracks with paint. Cement may
be used in place of wood, or very stiff
coal tar put in while warm enough to
stick to the wood or even penetrate it
slightly. Wax of any sort is not
durable and should not be used.
II.-Trimmirg the branches of trees
and altering the shape of the trees
General principles for all trees:
Cut any branch 10 be removed
close down to the shoulder, so as TO
leave no stump.
2-In case the limb is a large one e.
over 2I5 inches through cut
should be made a foot or more from
the trunk or shoulder to prevent injury
TO the bark below the cut, then the
stump cut off close up to the shoulder
or fork.
3-All cuts should be as sloping as
possible. to allow the water TO run off
the cut surface.
As soon as dry enough, all cuts
should be painted as directed.
5-If the tops Of the trees must be
trimmed, this should be done grad
ually. No branch more than an inch
in diameter should be cut off, but the
heading in shoulder be repeated from
year TO year until the tree is of the
desired shape.
of the shade is too dense. it may
safely be made less SO by cutting out
the small side branches in the top. It's
not safe 70 cut off the large branches
from the naples to thin the top.
The practice of cutting the large
limbs squarely off at the top is radio
d44N W lDIlS dlltt l4iN Ill ldDiN III III - lll1
tree and generally kills it. This prac-
tice should not be permitted on any
account.
IV.-The most durable paint for re-
pairing tree wounds is a good quality
of lead paint put ON rather thick.
Coal tar which has been burned un-
til it is hard when cold is more dur
able than paint, is cheaper and does
not injure shade trees. 1t should be
burned III a large kettle until thick
enough, applied warm, but not hot,
with a brush. 1t is recommended as
the best dressing there is, as it hard
ems quickly with a glazed surface and
does not crack or peal off.
N.-Trees dead or nearly dead. or
which have become so badly injured
as TO be unsightly, should be removed
entirely, as they are breeding places
for borers and rot-producing fungi and
hence are a menace TO living trees in
their vicinity.
VI.-Probab bly, the best time TO trim
trees il in the spring soon after the
buds start, and from then on until
midsummer. During this time the
growth is active and wounds are easily
repaired. Trees may also be trimmed
10 ADVANTAGE i'm the fall
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28

The present writer knows of no tree
that is SO promising for the farmer of
Southern Michigan as the locust. That
is, the locust ordinarily used for posts,
which goes under the name of post
locust, black locust, honey locust,
white locust and other local names.
The tree in question has large clusters
of creamy white very sweet scented
flowers and pods about four inches
long.
This tree is suffering a little disre-
pute with some farmers, not because
it is a bad tree when properly handled,
but because it has been placed in
years past. Twenty to thirty years
ago it was frequently planted as an
ornamental tree about the door yard
and farm buildings where the roots
were often disturbed, which caused
sprouts to spring up, the branches
fell TO the ground and caused disa-
greeable litter and many of the trees
grew where the trunks were much
exposed TO the sun aud the borers
came and injured the trees consider
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28

WHEN TO PLANT.
Shade trees should be planted be-
fore the season is so far advanced
that the leaves have unfolded.
HOW TO PLANT.
In planting, all roots which have
been injured should be cut off above
the injured point with sharp knife.
The holes should be dug little larger
than the extent of the roots, and deep
enough so that the tree can be set as
deep or a little deeper than it was be-
fore. Loosen up the subsoil in the
bottom of the hole, and put in some
fine rich earth before putting the tree
in. Pack in the same sort of material
about the roots, being sure that it gets
down around and between them, for
if it does not, the roots will dry out
and the tree die. Before the hole is
filled entirely, water may be put in,
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28
When and How to PIcnt and Prune.
WHEN TO PLANT.

By ohas. A Davis, Instructor in Forestry, U of NJ,
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1905-04-28
The Value of the Locust to the
Farmer.

BY Z 3ogue, Professor of Forestry, Agricultural
College Mich.
Arizona republican., 1905-10-11

1 sional party now en route to the ter | ritory. MT. Heard goes as the personal 1 representative of J. C. Adams. the president of the Arizona Antf-Joint 1 Statehood league. Some time ago Wal i ter Douglas invited MT. Adams to go
 as his guest to Fl Paso and meet the party and to be with them until they
 reached Phoenix. On account of mat
 ters in connection with the territorial | fair it was impossible for MT. Adams 1 to go, so he requested MT. Heard to
 take his place.
 TO GIVE A PUBLIC HAYRIDE-
 The ladies of the Christian church are planning to tender a free hayride
 to the public on the evening of October | 13 Three large hayracks will start | from the Christian church promptly at p. m., and proceed to the residence l of Mrs. Jessie Eyer, one mile north of | the asylum, on the McDowell road The fact that bright moon is now shining is one of the great induce ments to the public to take the ride,
 but as a further inducement to the stay-at- homes the ladies have prepar-
 ed an interesting program. During the evening refreshments will be served.
 CENTRAL SCHOOL MOTHERS
 ClRCLE-Thursday at the Central
 school building at 4:3O o'clock, the Mothers Child Study circle of the Central building will hold its first
 meeting for the year. The circle was organized last December and the work the remaining weeks of the last year
 of the school was a great success. This year it is hoped that much will be accomplished, and witk that in view an especially large attendance of mothers is desired. Many teachers are in the school this year and the meet ing will give the parents a splendid opportunity to become acquainted with them.
 A CHINESE VISIT-Marlz Land and John Bo, two Chinese who have lived in Phoenix for the past fifteen years last night started on a return trip to their former home in China. To bid them goodbye a large crowd of their fellow cOuntrymen assembled at the depot. To Land the trip is not strange for about seven years ago he visited his former home returning to America by way of New York City He did not however feel so certain that he would see his friends here again for recently he has read of the change in the immigration laws which makes the entry of a Chinaman into the United States more difficult than in former years.
 SEES PROSPERITY IN ARIZONA Frank Hall, representing the Amer ican Soda Fountain company, spent yesterday in the city a guest at the Hotel Adams. MT. Halls headquarters are in San Francisco, and his field is the Pacific coast and the southwest. l He says that there is no section of the district he makes annually that is nearly as prosperous as Arizona, nor where the future has such promising prospects. All of the mining towns of the southwest are more populous than for many a year, and the pay rolls are accordingly increased, all of which makes the territory a producing one to a concern that sells soda fountains. Mir. Hall will visit Mesa and Tempe today.
 TO HELP MANUFACTURERS letter has been received by the board of trade from John M. Carson, chief of the bureau of manufactures of the
Arizona republican., 1905-10-11

department of commerce and labor, en- closing a circular to manufacturers. | The letter requests that all members of tne board who might in any way be affected, correspond with the bureau when they will be furnished with blanks to fill out giving their names address, location, nature of products, capital invested, capacity and the market for their goods. The purpose is to facilitate the making of a card in deX at the Washington bureau so that whenever the bureau receives letters of inquiry it may direct it's correspond ents to manufacturers they may de- sire to do business with. The end to be served is the increase of the busi- ness of the country, especially with foreign countries.
 NEW BOND NVESTMENT-The board of directors of the Phoenix Building and Loan Association held its regular monthly meeting last evening. The regular routine of business was transacted and a new feature was adopted it being the issue of a five year bond paying ' per cent annual in terest-interest payable semi-annually. These bonds should be a popular in vestment with Phoenix people having small amounts of money for invest
  security having first mortgages to the amount of $160,0 behind them. The Phoenix Building and Loan association is one of the solid financial institutions of the city and every wage earner in the city should carry some of it's stock. It is not so much the amount the stock earns but the saving features that should appeal to every man and woman who lives in the city. A small amount saved monthly and persisted in soon runs into a goodly sum of money and the habit of saving is formed which grows as the funds increase.
 SMALLPOX AT INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL-FOr two or three days the southern Arizona newspapers have been reporting the existence of small pox at the Industrial school in Benson and yesterday it was officially reported to Governor Kibbey. It is learned that there are four cases at the school. Su- perintendent Mahoney says that as soon as the nature of the illness was discovered the four affected pupils were placed in quarantine some dis tancce from the school building and that all others, both teachers and pu- pills, were vaccinated. The disease is of a mild type and all the patients are doing well. It is believed there will be
Arizona republican., 1905-10-11
OF LOCAL
 INTEREST

A GARNIsHMENT SUIT-A garn- ishment proceeding by s. Charles Pratt against L. w. Hoch is in prog ress in the district court. Suit was brought against Hoch on a note for $500, given last November and made payable in Fl Paso. The United States and Mexican Development company is made garnishee.
 GUN CLUB PRACTICE SHOOT A practice shoot of the Phoenix Gun club will be held at the club grounds east of the city this afternoon. The members of the club are becoming very enthusiastic in their practice, and will make a great effort to capture the territorial championship when the clubs of the territory meet in Phoenix for a tournament in December.
Arizona republican., 1905-10-11
JUsTIFIARLE DISTURBANCE


 Ramon Gallardo was yesterday dis charged by Judge JohnstOne. GaIlardo was complained of by one Juan Pima for disturbing the peace of the latter's home. It developed, however, at the hearing that any disturbance made was justifiable and the matter was dropped. Juan Estrellas was found guilty of disturbing the peace and sent to jail for five days
 TEMPE DATES-George Poll of Tempe, sent to The Republican yester- day a liberal sample of the finest dates an ArizOnian ever fIattered his sense of taste with. They were large. juicy and thoroughly ripeped. They were not from the government date farm near Tempe but were grown by MT. Poll on his own property and show what can be done by the ambitious hOrti- culturist generally who is fortunate enough to live in the valley
 MAP OF SAN DIEGO-There are all kinds of maps of San Diego in circula- tiOn throughout the country but there is no map that gives quite so good an idea of the town site as he bas relief picture on exhibition in the office of the Santa Fe. It shows the contour of the country as well as the proportions and relative location of city, bay and vacant property. Those who know San Diego study it with the interest of familiarity and those who do not. en- joy looking at it as a first introduction to one of the most promising places in the west.
 TO MEET THE cONGREsSMEN- Tuesday evening Dwight B. Heard left for Fl PasO to join the congress
Arizona republican., 1905-10-11
SAN DIEGO

little and perhaps no further spread of the disease from that source, though evidently there is somebody outside the school in those parts that needs looking
 after by the health authorities. There
Arizona republican., 1905-10-11

have been no new pupils received late ly and it is practically impossible for the pupils to be exposed except to visitors who have been quite numer-
 ous of late. It is supposed therefore
Arizona republican., 1905-10-11

that the infection came from some visitor.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1905-07-05

tlemen. The county law officers were
unable to cope with these daring mar
auderS.
The territory of Arizona has twice
the area of New York state and less
than half the population of Newark, N.
j., SO there is plenty of room for the
desperate to swing. But the ranger is
so named because he, too, knows the
ranges. The rangers usually work to-
gether in squads of two or three, and
as there are only 26 of them it means
that they are widely scattered, but
they keep in close touch with the Office
of Gov. Brodie, with whom they file a
weekly report showing just what they
are doing.
The men are selected from hundreds
of competitors, after undergoing thor
ough tests to determine their ability as
horsemen and their skill in roping,
trailing and shooting. Capt. Rynning,
Of Douglas, is at the head of the ran
gers.
The individual members of the COM
pany are not known to the public. The
original company was once lined up
and photographed, but since then the
wisdom of keeping the individuality of
the men secret has been learned. This
element of secrecy more than doubles
the effectiveness of force, for no gang
of outlaws can now be brought to-
gether without the risk of including a
ranger who will upset all the wicked
plans at the right moment.
This little band of men made 453 ar
rests during the year ending June 80,
1904. Five of these were murdererS and
155 had committed felonies. In taking
this number of men it is highly to the
credit of the company that only one of
the bad men was killed. That does not
read like border tale, but it shows
/ how carefully the rangers work.
One thing which makes every Ari-
conan proud of the rangers is the i'm
portant fact that there has not been a
train robbery or a lynching since the
rangers were organized.
The most interesting facts about this
little company are to be gathered from
| Capt Rynning's report, which shows
| that on the average each man rides $50
miles a month, or total for the entire
| force of 10, 40 miles. The rangers have
worked in conjunction with the live
stock sanitary board and the Arizona
Cattle Growers association, and they
have restored hundreds of lost cattle,
sheep and goats. Smugglers. Chinese
unlawfully in the country. and persons
who sell whisky to Indians are also
under their ban.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1905-07-05

Ethers Of the past that any names
might do. This time, however. the
young man happens to be an Adams,
which is very, very important among
Boston names, as everyone knows.
He is only an Adams by the second
marriage Of his mother, however, and
retains his fathers name of Clapp-
William F. Clapp in full, age %, son
Of Mrs. Samuel G. Adams, of No. 2S4
Marlborough street. The bride was
Miss Ellen Gertrude REESE; her father
Is simply a machinist at the govern
nent arsenal in WATERFOWL.
II is the most complete of romances.
lor It grew out Of another of the same
kind, in which Miss Reise's twin sis
yer was one of the principals. So,
70 tell 1t correctly, the first romance
must be referred to first.
The father of the twin girls. Mary
J. and Ellen Gertrude Reise, was a
sergeant in the army, stationed in San
Francisco, when the girls were born,
~. years ago. He was good soldier,