davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28
N. F. N O r & N
Real Estate

Lots in Arvidson's addition, North
St. Johns, overlooking the river,
high and slightly. tly................... s75'
Fine corner lot 5oxioo two blocks
from the center OF city ........... 500
New Groom house well finished, lot
sox7t, near car line e.......... 100,
Choicest corner lot on Boulevard :. 45C
groom house and one broom small
house, and one acre of ground, in
st. Johns Heights, with fruit trees
and other improvements. ....... 77oc
Lot soxioo and small house over
looking the river, high and sight
ly; this is a snap. ..,.,....,. d5c
groom house well finished, lot dox
i57 and alley, fruit trees and
garden, this is a good bargain 9oC
Business lot Sox9o in the business
center observation-disclosures. So
groom house, lot soxoj, this house
is new, up to date and is fine
mouse ss.ss..ss..ss .sst.,.ss.,s. I5ou
Sole agent for Title Guarantee x Trus,
Co.
Lots in Point View sold IS down IS
per month.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28

too far away to be reasonable. But
it opered the way in time for the
railroad extension to St. Johns and
showed our present factory owners
that the best sites with convenient
facilities could be found north of
mill. Eventually they are here, and
the attention of other manufacturers
is turned Our way and / am sure
they will soon be here to increase
the prestige of our fast-growing
city,"
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28
The Major on Liars.

81 hate a liar" said the major
"worse than the devil hates holy
water, and next to a liar hate the
man who implies by a shrug or q
look that ] have told something that
must be taken cum grano sails. 80
"Well, major" remarked one OF
his auditors, let us hear the story
some one doubted, then we can de.
eide whether it needs sails or should
be taken straight"
"The conversation" continued
the major, had been along the lines
Of sudden and intense cold. Al
most every person present had men
toned some personal experience, and
at last was asked if I had ever
seen anything unusual In that re-
spect."
"Yes," ! replied, 81 recall an ex-
perience Of mine which always seem
ed to me extraordinary. was liv-
ing in Illinois, and the time was the
middle of February. The air was
as balmy as late spring, the birds
were showing symptoms of nest
building, and in the evening the
frogs were croaking all over the
prairie. About 9 O'Clock in the
evening the most terrific thunder
storm / ever witnessed occurred.
The vivid lightning made objects as
bright as by day. The frogs sang
in froggish glee OH the prairie north
of our house, and IL seemed, indeed
os If spring had come. It was
about 10 o clock, and all had retired.
/ had forgotten TO cover the fire, and
as matches were scarce in those days |
] arose and went to the fireplace,
when the wind died instantly. 1t
had been blowing from the south,
and IN All instant after dying II
struck the north end of the house
bif with a noise that sounded like
a clap of thunder. In an instant
the air in the room was at freezing
point, and before ] could rush across
the room and dive under the bed
clothes almost froze to DEATH"
The next morning | went out
Oh the prairie 10 take observations.
The wind had blown the water into
Tiny waves and frozen IL into "A solid
mass. In the dead grass which
stood above the ice noticed a PEE
'uliar object. STOPPING TO examine
I more closely ! found IL was a frog,
ialf of whose body was under the
CO. It's mouth was wide open.
looking around over the prairie I
ound thousands Of them in the
anne condition. They had been
itting with their bodies half out of
he water singing, and the sudden
old wave froLc them 10 death be-
ore they could close their mouths or
uck under the water This is why
here are no frogs IL Illinois today.
he whole push was frozen ont of
Nistence during that fearful bliz-
ard, although at that time we did
ot call Il by that name"
After the major finished there was
lence for a period by five minutes.
hen slowly, one at a time. the boys
rose and driited out into the starless
light. =
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28
is part Of the game, pure bluff.

is part Of the game, pure bluff.
The people Of milwaukee who are
fighting against such proposition
are to be commended. They have
the good wishes and moral support
Of every law-abiding citizen in the
whole country. All the money
that "Frenchy" Grafton and men
of his ilk spend 50 freely is blood
money wrung from the hearts Of
mothers, wives and helpless children
who often cry for bread; through
whose tattered clothing the chilly
winds of despair blow during all
their miserable lives.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28
THE DANGER LINE.

Other cities, as well as 81. Iohns
have their troubles and hours o
slccplcsSucss, Milwaukee is la IA,
throcs OF mortal agony bccaus,
Isaac Grafton. au old time sporting
man oi Portland, has been seen lie
qucntly on it, streets oi late.
The good puple ot that hu,ulie
burg ate borrowing trouble Al usu-
rious rates ol interest over the event.
They fear lac 4, contemplating the
erection of gambling house il he
secures certain property ior which
he Is negotiating.
They are willing he should buy
and build a hos factory, hut they
draw the danger line at a gambling
house. In this they ATE right No
city can auord the luxury of a
gambling house within its corporate
limits, Nothing hut evil can spring
from such an institution. Young
men viii he svduCvd into visiting il.
and, finally, will become victims Ia
the gambling fever a disease more
deadly than leprosv Nothing known
To the medical fraternity will elimi |
nate the virus from the blood after
II Is contracted Death does NOT
obllIerate H. The childrcn's chill. |
dIen OF the gambler ate congenital |
victims, and the disease is liable to
break out ON them in It's most viru-
lent forms.
There Is NO equation hN which its
evils can hv a,cvrlaincd. ltsapS the
very foundation of SOCIETY, IL isl
msidlous IN It's attacks, and its hrstl
symptoms ate 50 insignificant as to-
be overlooked, BN slow process
II tastcns itself upon its victim and
dtags him down Ia ruin and despair.
Thousands ot Young men. upright,
honorable, hlgh,minded, tall help
less victims to rs mst for gain.
Slowly. step by step, il lures them
into us intricate hy WAYS which |
have only one end dishonor. Too /
ate they see the hopeless condition ,
nto which they have fallen, They
ny aloud for help but the only aus
ser is the echo OF their own wailing
~, Tears OF fond mother, the !
headings OF loving wife fall un-
Ieeded upon the ears OF the man [
'ho boasts that he has the nerve OF /
gambler lie seems proud to be
he possessor OF such nerve, but il
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28
Local Items.

George J.. Lent, an attorney OF
Portland, was seen on the streets
Of ST. Johns one day this week.
The awnings that are showing
all over the city in front of stores,
barber shops and confectionery
establishments indicate desire OF
the part of their owners To rest in a
shade of their own making.
NJ, !" ilolbrook's buildings ON
the corner of Jersey aud Broadway
streets are rapidly nearing compile
ton, and will soon be ready for
occupation. When the new brick
Is completed, the three structures
will present a ereditable appearance.
The Congregational services at
Bickner's : hall instead of being held
at $50 in the afternoon. will be
held at : 80 in the evening, Rev.
Chase preaching at that hour
Music will he special feature of
the occasion, and everybody is
invited 10 attend. No Sunday
school on that day.
Las, Sunday many persons from
distant cities visited 81. Johns.
Among those who took dinner at
the ~. Johns hotel, where their
names were obtained, were Dr,
Scott of Seattle, l.. W. Brown Of
san Francisco, Prof, Jones of Seat
tie, ]. Il, Smith OF Portland, Wm. |
Brown of san Francisco, DIR. Mary |
Macllchlan. mother and sister, of
Alblna. All expressed themselves
As delighted with ST, Johns.
Grandpa Mendenhall. an octoge-
marian of Portland, is in ST. Johns
his week superintending the CON
of neat little cottage.
The years rest lightly on the Shout
ierS OF Mr.. Mendenhall and he is
,ood tor another decade Judging
rom present Indications. lie is a
'loneer of 1874, and says he has
lever seen any other country that
Will compare favorably with Oregon, .
The program for the exercises at ,
he NJ, 4, church, 81. Johns, for {
ext Sunday promises an enjoyable /.
Ime for all who wish To attend,
nj every person in the city is cor
tally invited To attend. Rev. c. In
l. Campbell has chosen for his
heme, Ashamed of Christ" Ro-
ians II;II, After the regular
ervices are held the reception of
iemhers will be inaugurated, aud
is expected many will become
ientihed with the church. Ar
lngements for the song service
romse a musical feast, which To
enjoyed, must he heard.
DO YOU know" said one of our
ii timers, that the immense pop
lation and increasing value OF prop,
~ IN ST, Johns can be attributed To
flour milll Twcn,y-three years
90 what Is now known as the Al,
ina Mill, belonging to the Portland
Touring Mills Co, was built ON its
resent site miles from Portland aud
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28

Subscribe for The Review,
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28
Gard of Thanks.

The children and relatives Of
Mrs. M. A. Townsend wish to ex
tend their heartfelt thanks to their
many friends for their unvarying
Kindness, during their mother's $
last illness. They wish to assure
them that their kindness and sym
pathy during her illness will never
be forgotten.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28

cRoMr mcKnoN Editor. and Publisher.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28
Danger |!

Mr.. ]. B. Laudrum who has taken
the contract of blasting the stumps
off the Windall tract of land north
east Of Jersey street, in the city Of
st. Johns, hereby warns all persons
to keep off said tract. The red flag
of danger will be flying so that all
may see and avoid accidents.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1905-04-28
FIR Rent.

"A four room cottage, overlooking
the river. Inquire of c. w. Potter
at the hardware store.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
FROGS IN HAWAII.

It is gratifying to hear that the i'm
portation of frogs into the Hawaiian
Islands has proved to be a SUCCESS.
The islands had no frogs, they needed
them and the demand has finally Gre
ated a home supply According to the
report of the fish commission the frogs
are multiplying, and it may soon be
profitable to catch them for market.
1t was not the original purpose,
however, to eat the frogs, but to give
them a chance to eat the things that
We're not desirable to have around. A
certain worm infested the grass or
slime in and about the pools, and If
cattle Or sheep swallowed it they were
likely to die. 1t was thought also that
the frogs might assist in thinning out
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18

J II Harrison by atty to William c
Achi Jr, B S: 1 Remington Typewriter
No 14162O. 800. B 274, p 302. Dated
Oct 10, 1905.
Kaimi and hsb to Hoopii Wire, D.;
int in grs 277 and 555, Waialua, Oahu.
$50. B 27O p 484. Dated Sept 80, 1905.
Maria D Carlos and hsb to Bank of
Hawaii Ltd, Assmt Judgmt; for s4.-
1914 81. B 271, 800. Dated Oct 10,
1906
Bank of Hawaii Ltd to Manuel j
Carlos and VT. Rel; pcs land, Pearl
City Eva Oahu. $500 B 21, p 800.
Dated Oct 10. 1905.
Maria d Carlos and hsb on j to
Hawn Land & Imprvmt Co Ltd, d;
por blk IL and pc land, bldgs, etc, Pearl
City. Eva, Oahu. $500. B 270, 4S5.
Dated Oct z. 1905
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
Machinery For Sale
AT A BARGAIN

One IS HIP Double Cylinder Steam
Engine, lin. Cyl.x12in. stroke. Built
by Risdon Iron Works Co, S. F.
One rs to 80 HIP High Speed Steam
Engine, 10in Cyl.x12in. stroke. Suita-
BILE for centrifugals Or electric gen.
orator.
One Compound Steam Marine En-
CINE, 25 to 80 HIP Cylinders, 1-4in. x
12in, diam by z 1-2in. stroke.
One G.. F. Blake Air Compressor, Sin.
Steam by Tin Air Cylinders.
One to HIP Upright Steam En-
CINE
One HIP Upright Steam Engine.
One HIP Union Gaso1ene Engine.
Boiler, Feed Pumps, etc, etc.
All have been thoroughly overhauled
and are in good condition and will be
sold cheap to make room.
AT NEILL'S WORKSHOP,
139 and 135, Merchant Street. Honolulu.
Machinery Bought, Sold and Repaired.
Gasolene Engines a Speciality.
P. o. BOX 3a1 TEL. 11s
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
Recorded October 10. 1905.

NJ Kahaleonohi Brash to w D Speck
man. d: r P 1853 lpul 1906. Kahei 2
Kohala. Hawaii. $3.50. B 272, 40
Dated Oct 10. 1905.
HE Bipi and hsb ct D to F A
Schaefer, D; int in r P 1864 and kul
1927, Puaniu, etc, Hamakua, Hawaii
s10oS9 B 272. All Dated Oct 3
1906
Poluea Kalauokalani and hsb CD tc
Kohala Land Co Ltd, D; r P 6429 ku
1864, Pawaa, n Kohala, Hawaii. $500
B 270, $50. Dated Oct Z. 1905.
John d Holt Jr and VT by affdt OF
mtgee to Irene I Holloway TT, Fore
Affdt; gr 1874, Kaalawai. Honolulu
Oahu. B 271. 314. Dated Oct 9, 1905
John D Holt Jr and WI by mtgee to
Alfred w Carter TT. d; 1854 50 Fl
land, Kaalawai. Honolulu, Oahu. $500
B go, 49, Dated Oct 9, 1905.
John Walker by regr, Notice; dis
posal of petition in liber 265, fol 4S7-
B 274, D 301 Dated Aug 5, 1905.
John Walker by regr, Notice: dis
posal of petition in hber pa, fol 81.
274, p sol. Dated Aug 5, 1905.
John Walker by regr, Notice; dis
posal of petition in Hber 2i4. fol 81. b
274, p 302. Dated Aug 5, 1905.
German Saws & Loan Socy by atty
to John f Colburn ct al, Rel; por grs
373 and 1863, Beretania and Kinau Sts,
Honolulu. Oahu; lots Is and Il of por
gr III, Pawaa tract, Honolulu, Oahu.
s7s75.66. B 271, p SIS. Dated Oct 10,
1905.
Alfred Magoon and wi to Akeau
Ahchong, d: int in pc land, Peekauai,
waimea, Kauai 1915. B go, 4s3.
Dated Oct 10. 1905.
Ralph E Turner TO Emma Norton,
c NJ; carpenters tools, mchnry, etc.
$3.50. B 276. p 152. Dated Sept Is, 1905.
Garcia TT to Mrs K Kuihelani, Rel;
int in R P 2413 and bldgs, Waihee, Ma
vi: int in gr 521 APPS L, 2 and 3, Ka-
Kula, Maui. 1890. B 275, p
24o. Dated July II, 1905.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18

some of the noxious insects. So some
of the planters persevered in shipping
frogs from the United States. though
the island rats declared war on the
newcomers and killed most Of the
early importations.
The frogs are now very well scat
tered over all the islands and are
ma king their influence felt. They are
playing havoc with some of the in
sects; they are reducing the number
of f1ukes that decimate the herds and
f1ocks in a most insidious way. The
natives say it is good to have frogs
around and they are glad the little fell
lows have taken so kindly to the is
lands.
Perhaps many of us do not appre-
ciate the frog as much as he deserves,
but We might feel our loss if ne should
disappear.-New York Sun.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18

Since 1t has become generally known
that Dauderlne causes hair 10 grow 1uSt
as aouudautIy on the heads OfchlidTe-4 as
1t does on those Of rnatured persons. many
truly marvellous cases are coming TO our
notice. Little Miss Russell. X nose pnoto-
graph appears ABOVE, is certainly one OF
the remarkable ones. Her beautiful halr
is over thirty inches long and her mother
SAYS that .'DANDERISE GREW EVER
BIT OF IT
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
VIM. Ct. IRWIN & CO., LTD.
AGENTS FOR THE

Royal Insurance Co., of Liverpool,
England.
Alliance Assurance Co, OF London
England.
Scottish Union e National Insurance
Co., of Edinburgh, Scotland.
Fire Association of Philadelphia.
Alliance Insurance Corporation Ltd.
Wilhelma of Magdeburg General In
surance Co.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
NOTICE.

ANY WOMAN OR GIRL NEEDING
help or advice, is invited to communi-
cate, either in person or by letter, with
Ensign L. Anderson, matron of the
Salvation Army Woman's Industrial
Home, No. 1880 King street.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
HAWAII SHINPo SHA.

THE PIONEER JAPANESE PRINT
ing office. The publisher of HAWAII
Shinpo, the only daily Japanese paper
published in the Territory of Hawaii.
c. SHIOZAWA, Proprietor.
Editorial and Printing Office-1020
Smith ST.. above King. Phone Main As.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
Fire Insurance..
THE b. F. DILLINGHAM; CO.,
LIMITED.

General Agents for Hawaii
Phoenix Assurance Company of Lon
don.
New York Underwriters Agency.
Providence Washington Insurance Com
pany.
Fourth Floor, Stangenwald Building.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
HARRISON MUTUAL
ASSOCIATION

Has now 5000, has buried 1877 OF its
members during the two and one-half
years since it's organization. The men,
bership fee will be raised to $3.50 on
May I. 1905. J. II. TOWNSEND,
Secretary.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-10-18
REALTY TRANSACTIONS.

Entered for Record October II, 1905,
From a. m. to D. m.
C A Schmiedte to Cal Feed Co Ltd B S
Anne M Stokes by Regr.. .......... n
Annie T K Parker by gdn to Will
liam G Irwin NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. d
" Kahalepuna and VT to
kaehu -..-.-..-...... IL
Kealoha n AOla and hsb to Beke
1hih1 -.---..-.. Il
Mrs Kakalina Kalaaukapu to VIM
Savidge tr. .....-...-.........- M
Curtis p Iaukea and VT to Liliuo-
kdldrl 49, -
Lun Hoy Yin to Lum Shue. B 5
Koolau Male ct al by comr to A
CfEgnOrn $1,000 -
] Fl Schnack to c. Kumada. A
Emma L Dillingham; and hsb by
attys to Hawn Land & Impvt Co
lxIQ II
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-09-29

LA of Frankfort for Thursday. September
Is, 1851 reports about the man and his In
ventlon. under the caption Electric Tele-
phony, the following:
The wonders with which electricity has
of late surprised Us are, as 1t appears to
be increased by new one which will not
only produce a great revolution In the
present electric teiegraphy, but which
would also increase its utility in an meal.
culable manner. 1t is nothing more nor less
thar, an electric transmission and delivery
or the spoken word. The idea Is from a
young and well-informed modest man.
Charles Bourseul. who in 1S4S was a SOL
der in the African army, where he at
tracted the attention of the governor gen.
eral through a mathematical course of in
struction which he gave to his comrades in
the garrison of -Algiers, and who lives in
Paris now.
90 The problem of Rourseul, of the prac.
tica bility of which he Is convinced, may
perhaps be one of those discoveries which
afterward is declared very simple one by
the scientific world, and which they then
want to make US believe would have been
found long ago If they had deemed It worth
while. - Electric telegraphy, at one
time pronounced to be the utmost nom
sense, travels now through the whole world
as something to which we have almost be-
come accustomed; If we consult the prin-
cipes of physics with reference to these
new Ideas of a young physicist then they
make no objections to the possibility of
their accomplishment, but their success
seems to be even more probable than that
of electric teIegraphy itself not long ago.
II this is accomplished, then electric tel
egraphy would have become common prop
erty; no further machinery and knowledge
except galyanic column. two vibrating
plates. and metallic wire would be needed;
without other preparation one would only
have to talk against one of the metallic
plates. and another would have to hold his
ear against the other plate; In this way
they could converse with each other as If
In private The young inventor believes In
the practicability of his Invention and chal-
lcnges scientists to prove that the laws of
physics are contradicted by the above prin-
ciples and would therefore make the de-
sired end impossible Meanwhile the mat
ter certainly deserves the attention it re-
ceves in the highest degree
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-09-29
GORMAN MAKES BLUFF
QUESTION OF ADOPTING POE
AMENDMENT.

After The Stars report Of the democratic
convention In Baltimore closed yesterday
afternoon Senator German furnished the
climax to one of the most enthusiastic
gatherings Of his clan ever held in that
state when in speech just before adjourn
ment he replied to the charges made by the
republicans that the proposed constitutional
DISTINGUISHING amendment was intended to
benefit him by enabling the democratic ma
chine to retain control of the state He as
serted he had always been consistent in
fighting against negro supremacy in the
south, and that he now sought to lift the
pail from Maryland without any hope of
reward. In concluding his speech. he said
that II the amendment is adopted in No
vember he agreed never again to seek Of
flee. but if through combina tion-of repub-
licans and disaffected democrats and mug
wumps 1t should be defeated he will be still
soldier and will continue to fight until the
white people of Maryland are freed from
negro domination
Senator Carmen spoke in part, as fol-
lows:
~ use the expression of Henry Winter
Davis with whom I differed politically as
widely as the poles, when, denounced by
the Maryland legislature, he said. I con-
slider 1t a decoration of honor l SO con-
slider the abuse Of republicans and mug
Wumps' when they denounce me for join
ing you in an endeavor TO lift the black
pail which hangs over our fair state
have been fighting the same struggle
under various conditions during the last
forty years, and I say now that IL in No
vember next we can lift as 1 believe we
will, this pail from the state and restore to
the intelligent white men the untrammejed
right to control our own affairs, will agree
never to seek place and will die happy
man. But promise this, If life and health
be spared. that IL by any corrupt combina-
tons with disaffected democrats or reform
ers. the negroes and their white republican
allies should defeat US in this election am
still soldier and will fight on. The French
have proverb that Everything comes to
him who waits. And as white men never
surrender, but always fight for their liberty
and their manhood, we will fight until there
Is not one left to accomplish an object SO
necessary for the welfare of the state L
am with You for that as long as live
This declaration was received with I'M
bounded enthusiasm, the delegates applaud
ing again and again. 1t meant practically
that IL the amendment is adopted Senator
German will not seek a reelection; but If
it fails he will again endeavor to succeed
himself.
All of the other speakers dwelt upon the
Importance of DISTINGUISHING the negro and
several of them made some filings at Gov.
Warfield. who Is opposing the amendment
and who held aloof from the convention
Another prominent figure conspicuous by its
absence was that of Senator Rayner who
left the city several days ago, so as to
avoid committing himself for or against the
amendment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-09-29
INVENTOR OF THE TELEPHONE.
Idea Promulgated by Charles Bourseul
in 1854.

A recent number of the Frankfurter Ger
many News. copy of which is furnishe
to the Department of Commerce and La
Dor by Consul General Guenther. contains
an article intended to establish that neither
Refs nor Bell was the inventor of the tele-
phone. The Scientific American. in July
last, published an article written by W. H.
Sharps In reference TO the development Of
the telephone, in which Mr.. Sharps ex-
presses the opinion that Refs of F'riedrieks-
dorf. had invented the telephone in 1861.
Commenting on this statement the Frank
furter News says:
Mr.. Sharps Is in error In his presump-
lions as well as in his ideas about the facts,
as neither Refs nor Bell are the inventors
OF the telephone. which already in 1854 was
described in all its parts and was probably
also constructed by the French mathe-