davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14

Howard johnson, of Elkton. has Sc
cured II position ut Sparrows' Point.
The Delaware College cadets will at
tend the Inauguration of Governor Lea
nj Dover on Tuesday.
The ladies of Jones Chapel will hold
Il social on Tuesday evening next at the
home of George w. Bedwell at Elk
Landing. If stormy, the next evening.
The Junior Promenade will be given
by the Glass of '06 of Delaware College
on February II, but it has not yet been
settled whether it will be held in New
ark or Wilmington.
The management of the Oxford, Ian
caster and Southern Railroad expects to
begin the construction of the proposed
line from Fairmount TO Quarryvile us
soon as the spring opens.
-Rcv. X. X. Stephenson has been in
vited to return as pastor of Scott NJ. f.
Church, Wilmington. 800 was sub
Scribed on Sunday toward discharging
the Indebtedness of the church for the
past year.
Presiding Elder Mowbray will occu-
pE the pulpit at st. Johns Church, Lew
isville, on Sunday, January %. The Ep-
worth League has arranged n special
program for tomorrow with singing by
a male quartet.
Extra meetings at Harris NJ. f.
Church. Rev. Robert Van Bunk, of
Camden, \. j., is assisting the pastor.
Levi II. Cooch who haas been farm
ing on the farm of his father, j. Will
kins Cooch, at Cooch's Bridge, will give
up farming on March % and remove to
st. Paul, Mimi, where he will enter the
office of his uncle, Edward y. Webb,
who is engaged in the publishing bust
hess
Mr.. III. ii. Haines. president of the
Rising Sun National Bank, this county,
Isl chairman of the reorganization COM
mittcc of the stockholders and creditors
of the Diamond State Steel Co., of Will
mingtOn, Del. The purpose of the reOr-
ganiAation is to secure the resumption of
the works which are now in the hands
of II receiver. The committee is backed
by ample capital and the prospect seems
good for the resumption of the works
which employ Il large number Of men.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
Bonds for Sale.

The President and ro%n com misSioners
OF Port Deposit, Maryland, offer for sale to
the highest bidder 40 bonds. par value 500
per bond. Proposals will be received by the
President and Clerk until ~ noon, January
9th, 1905, and publicly opened. The Prcsi-
dent and Commissioners reserve the right
to reject any or all bids, The bonds are au-
thorized by town charter and are secured
by first mortgage; the bonds will bear in
terest at the rate of 5 per cent per annum.
and are rcdecmable within forty years. rhey
are exempt from State and Municipal taxes
The money received from the sale of these
bonds will be applied to the purchase of the
stock fthe Port Deposit Water Company
informant may be had from the pres-
dent and Clerk of the Com missioners.
by order of the Commissioners of Port
Deposit
WIN. McCLEN AHAN, President
Attest,
JOHN +. MOHRLEIN, Clerk.
Port Deposit, Md, January 18th. 1905
jan Il 2wks
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
Feeling OF Safety AT Port Deposit

The wharvos and back yards of many
of the residents of Port Deposit were
Hooded during the week. Trains are
running ON schedule time north and
south. all ice having been cleared from
the tracks. Tuesday afternoon the ice
ran, and when it stopped, caused the
water to rise about inches. There is
Il feeling of security now that has not
existed for some time, as the stores and
private families have moved their things
to the first floors again. The trouble is
thought to be over for the. present, at
least.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
Real Estate.
TRANSFERS OF PROPERTY.

George w. Green to Indiana A. Green
property in Cecilton, $3.50.
w. Irwin Hill and wife to Edwin r.
Hill, acre property in Eighth district,
$500.
William ii. Armour and wife to Hugh
l. Armour, Lair farm of GA acres. $4,000.
Dora =. Krauss and Stephen Krauss,
her husband, to Scott Wilson, property
i'll Port Deposit, $500.
Benjamin f. Cutlery and wife to Lot
tie y. Settle, property hear Providence,
$500.
William j. Nesbitt and wife and Jas.
Il. Evans, assignee, to Cyrus j. Fergu-
son, lots in Sixth district, 500.
Jamison w. Faux, administrator, to
Cyrus j. Ferguson, property at Mt. Plea
SAINT, in Sixth district, $500
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
THEODORE.

Mr. IL. ID. Jackson of Perryvillc, spent
II few days last week with Mr.. and Mrs.
VIM. y. McNamcc.
Mr. Guy Kirk is spending some time
with friends in Baltimore.
Mr.. Walter KirkwOod of Philadelphia,
spent Sunday with his sister, Mrs. An
ME Ewing. who has been quite i'll, but
is slowly improving.
Miss White, of North East, spent a
few days last week with Miss Mamie
Kirk.
Miss Florence Thompson is spending
some time with her parents.
Miss Johanna Benjamin had Il mar
row escape from what might have been
II serious accident. \ horse which she
WAS riding became unmanagoa bic, but
il wa< caught before it threw her.
Mr.. ii. e. Mahoney, night operator at
FoyS Hill. is now working day turn on
account of Mr. Il. NJ. AIahoncy being on
the sick list.
Mrs. VIM. a. McNamee, who has been
quite sick for several weeks is slowly
improving.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
MARRIAGE LICENSES.

William j. Lockard and Mary H.
Pierce, both of Elk Neck.
Alfred Thomas Porter, of Queen An
mes county, and Evelyn NJ. Alexander,
of North East.
Wilmer n. Kirk, of Chesapeake City,
and Florence Cook, of Baldwin.
Cyrus Clyde Nickle, of Woodlawn,
and Bessie II. Craig, Of Blythedale.
Walter Gathers Harrington and Els
tclle Olive Gamble, both of Port Deposit.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
Golden Wedding Anniversary
Communicated.

Communicated.
To have lived happily together as man
and wife for fifty years is, the proud
record of Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Booth.
two of CoIwyn. Pas. most respected
residents. On Thursday evening, Jan
uary ). in honor of the event. about
50 relatives and friends gathered at their
coy home, 215 :. Third street, and a
more enjoyable gathering would have
been hard to find. The house was deco
rated throughout with feStoonS Of white
and gold, symbolic of the past and pres
cnt. In the parlOr in front Of a bower
of palms. ferns and flowers stood the
bride and groom, where they received
the hearty congratulations and best
wishes of those present
Mr.. and Mrs. Booth We're born in Boil
ton. England. He celebrated his 18th
birthday in connection with the golden
Wedding Mrs. Booth is ten years his
junior They were married near Media,
Delaware County, by the Rev. Mr.. Dale
nd after residing there for Fl short time
removed to Cecil County, Md, on the
old Booth homestead. Here they reared
Il family of ten children and they were
known to nearly everybody in the sur
rounding ncighEOrhood.
In 1903 Mr.. Booth retired from active
life and sold the old home where they
had resided for thirty mime years. re
moving to Colwyn. Pa. where he has
taken an active interest in the borough
affairs ever since.
The many gifts which the couple re-
ccived were both handsome and costly.
and included many pieces Of fine china
gold and silver. and several gold coins.
Violin music was furnished by Carl
II. Dreyer. An important feature of
the evening was the supper which was
served in the dining room. Az gdldcn
weddings happen only one" in a lifetime.
the guests parted in the early hours of
the morning.
Those present were Mr.. and Mrs. II.
Booth, Rev. and Mrs. Harding. Rev. and
Mrs. Jones. Mr. and Mrs. Mslnchcr Mr..
and Mrs. Pcnningtul. Mr.. ana Mrs. II.
Palmer. Mr.. and Mrs. Irielcr, M1>.
Stein. Mr. and Mis-. HigSun. Mrs. j.
Otlcy. Mr. G.. Drcycr. Mn and Mrs. Jnh
Booth. Mr.. Fred Booth. Misses Georgie
ard Carolyn Booth, Master Fred and
Miss Ethel Booth. OF Colwyn. Pa Mr.
ThGmAS Booth. Mr.. William Booth. MIS-.
Charles Booth. Miss Lillian Booth. and
Mr.. Harry Booth, of Chester. Pa: Mr..
and Mrs. Joseph Booth and daughter
May. Mr.. and Mrs. John Booth, Ms
Hannah Hartnctt. Miss Julia Hartnetl.
Miss Lizzie Hartnett. Miss Hester Blake
Miss l.. Blake Mr. McNutt. Mr.. Dnuch
and Miss Colin. Mr.. and Mrs. William
Campbell and daughter IIn2"l, "f Ihila-
,hlphia: Mrs. II. Hamilton. Ms. NJ.
Mack and Miss Lydia Booth of West
Philadelphia; DR.. George Settle, of the
University of Pennsylvania; Mr.. and
Mrs. Frank Booth and daughter Mabel,
Of Haddon Heights. y. j.: Mr.. and Mrs.
Harry Grant, and family, Of Woodbury..
\. j.: Mr.. Nnd Mis-. George Miller. of
Newark. Del: Mr.. Walter Campbell.
Misses Viola and Anna Malonry. of
Leeds: Mr.. and Mrs. William Booth, of
Cecil Co.; Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Camp
bell and daughter Edythe, of Singerly,
Md Many congratulatory letters were
received by mail from friends from a
distance.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
Fire Tax Notice.

AS Secretary and Treasurer of theFarmers
and Mechanics Mutual Insurance Associa-
ton OF Gecil County, hereby give notice
assessment of fifteen cents on the 500, on n
per cent. basis, rates all higher in proper.
tion, was ordered by the Board of Directors
of said Association to meet losses of Nellie
Moore Bond, Harriet II. Lynch, l.. :. Jenness,
IL. Ii. Kirk and Wilbert Maxwell, and other
fires and expenses thereof to be finally due
and payable on or before February II, 1905.
"lfany person shall refuse or neglect to
pay his or her tax by that date, his or her
property shall not be protected by the Asso-
citation until said tax is paid
ED. CARHART,
Dec2i.it Secretary and Treasurer.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
SIX ROOM 49,
FRAME DWELLING MA

ings
TERMS OF SALE The terms of sale
prescribed by the decree are: "a of purchase
money to be paid in cash on day of sale; T.,
in SIX months, and balance in twelve
months theieaitcr. credit payments to bear
interest from day of sale and be secured by
notes OF purchaser with surety to be ap-
proved by the Trustee. Purchaser to p0y
cost OF conveyance. The property win be
SOLO subject to the dover interest OF said
widow therein.
l.. MARSH ALI. II AINES,
j. {. HlNDMAN, Trustee,
Auctioneer. Elkton, Md.
dee. 3l-tS
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
READ THIS

have inquiries for Farms, all sizes, from
people throughout Maryland, Delaware.
New York, Pennsylvania, and as far South
SOUTH get buyers and sellers in touch
with each other | will soon circulate among
these people a list OF the Farms and other
Real Estate placed In my hands to sell. DO
you want to sell your place advantage
Ously? If you do, place 1t with me. work
day and night to get you the best purchaser
Your interests in my hands will be vigor
ously advanced. Write me now for particu
lars j. WATERS RUSSELL.
Real Estate, ChestertoWn. Md
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
FARMINGTON.

Benjamin Sapp has moved to the Jen-
kinS house near here.
Harry Riale has purchased the Thos.
Riale house here.
Samuel Krauss, of Philadelphia, spent
Saturday and Sunday with his parents.
Anna l.. McVey has returned home
after a delightful visit with her cousins
at Idlewid farm.
Beef butchering is the order of the
day. Several fine beevcS have been kill
ed lately.
Alfred Kirk filed his ice house on
Wednesday.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
Monday, Jan q. 1905

AT ! O'CLOCK, p. NJ.
all that tract or parcel Of lana with the I'M
provemcnts thereon of which William T.
Dawson died seized and whercon ne resided
al the time or his DEATH and particularly
described in deed to him from samuel
Williams and wife dated May +, 1869. and
recorded in the land records OF cecil County.
Md. in Iber y, =, No ?. folio pa &c. This
pro pcrty contains 10 acres and 81. square
perches, more or less 1t is situated about
II miles below tireenhurst on the road to
Theodore, and is row oCcurhd by Mrs.
Millicent D. Dawson the widow OF said de-
ceased. The imprON cmcntS consist of n
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
ORDER NISI
In Re- The Mortgaged Real Estate of f.
Kirk Cameron ct al.

In the Circuit Court for Cecil County.
In Equity No. 255S.
Ordered. This 25th day OF Novem her, 1901.
that the sale OF the real estate of T. Kirk
Cameron ct al. made and reported by George
\. Blake, Attorney in the above entitled
cause. be ratified and confirmed, unless
cause to the contrary thereof be shown on
or before the 18th day Of January next; pro-
vided n copy OF this order be inserted In
some newspaper printed and published In
Cecil County once a week for one month
before the 9th day of December next.
The report states the amount of sale to be
$500.
MANLY DRENNEN, Clerk
True Copy-Test:
oN26-lm MANLY DRENNEN, Clerk.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
TRUSTEES SALE
REAL ESTATE

BY virtue of a decree of the Circuit Court
for Cecil County. in Equity passed in cause
No. 252O, the undersigned Trustee viii sell at
public auction ut Armour's Store at Green
hnrS1- [ 'eIil I'uIln1N Nd nn
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14

The Cecil Farmers Telephone Com
pany sent its first message on WednGss-
day. The line from Rising Sun to Port
Deposit has been completed and per-
mission has been asked to extend to Elk
ton.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
Position Wanted.
Farmer Wanted.
Farm Wanted.

Wanted to Rent-n farm in seventh djs.
trict OF Cecil County-abOut sevt nty acres OF
ground and good buildings state price.
Address o. r. STEBBING,
7llS Woodland Ave,
West Philadelphia, Peifna.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

This j. to give notice that the subscrib-
rH- If Cecil county have obtained from
the OrphaE>' Court Of said county let
t"rs. tcstamcntaiy on the personal cS-
:;lc Of
HENRY Il. CARTER.
late of said county, deceased. All per.
SOllS having claims against the said de-
ceased are hereby warned to exhibit the
same with the vouchers thereof duly au-
thcnticatcd
on or before the 10th day Of June, 1903,
they may otherwise be excluded from
any benefit Of said estate. All persons
indebted to said estate are requested to
make immediate payment to the subscrib-
ers. Given under our hands this 10Th
day of December, 1904.
JOHN II. DEWITT,
CHARLES $. PEACOCK,
Dec. 3l-'jt Executors.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
lE ) Head Mich Cows

and one lieifer.
FARMING IMPLEMENTS, ETC. Acme
Wagon, 81 tire; l Mill Wagon, with top;
Creamery Wagon, | Plano Binder, foot
cut, nearly new; Milwaukee Mower, 5 foot
cut, Bickford and Hoffman Grain Drill 10
hoe: Reed Spring Wheel Cultivator Iron
Age w heel Cultivator with marker, Steel
Spike Harrow, | Wood Spike Harrow, 3
Hand Cultivators with covering alta chment,
Corn Marker, Roller Tiger Rake, Thomas
Tedder, No. 40 Oliver Plows, b Oliver
Plow, Hay Bed ii feet long, Corn Shelter,
Fodder Cutter Ohio No Q: 2.norSe tread
power Circular Saw and Frame Rubber
Belt. Feed Box, Grindstone, Set Single Har-
ness Set Breech Harness, set Lead Harness,
Brides, Collars,2 lIalterS, pair Breast
Chains, 10 Cow Chains, 2Sets Pillow Harness,
Horse Trees, 3 DoGble Trees d Single Trees,
Pick, Mattock, Shovel. Hoes, l.. Bushel
Measure, Cream Separator, Is gal; s 20 quart
Cans, % gal Furnace, 2 Coal stoves, No. 0
Range, 20 Cotton Bags. = interest in . acres
OF wheat, one power Horse Clipper, lot OF
corn fodder and other articles too numerous
to mention.
TERMS OF SALE All sums of SO and
under, cash: over that amount credit of 0
months Will be given by the purchaser
givin" Il bankable note with approved en-
dorser. Interest from date. No goods to be
removed until conditions OF sale are com
pred with. MRS. \. T.. II. WARD.
W. j. SMITH. Auctioneer.
AZ the same time and place will he sold
lot OF household goods consisting of Carpets,
Chairs, Bedsteads, Goose Feather Bed,
Quilts, Canned Goods, Range and other
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14

LOST-A Mourning Ven between jail CROW
sing and Gonces store. Suitable rewardft
left at Welrs drug store, Elkton Jan I4at
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
FOR SALE OR RENT.

The Partridge Hin property in Eiktop. ono
of the most beautifully located properties IL
the heart of any town In Maryland. TIVE
and one-half acres OF ground, elevated above
the adjacent streets, with natural tGErarhs
on three sides. Large Colonial brick house
in excellent repair, with modern conVeffen-
ces. Apply TO the owner,
JOHN GILPIN,
25septi Elkton, Maryland.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
ORDER NISI
In Re: The Mortgaged Real Estate OF Frank
G.. Mcknight ct. al.
In the Circuit Court TO" Cecil County.
In Equity, No. 2jb}

ordered, This tenth day OF January 1909,
that the sale of property mentioned in these
proceedings, made and reported by George
A. Blake Attorney, as therein set forth be
ratified and confirmed. unless cause TO the
contrary thereof be shown on or before the
sixteenth day OF March neXi, provided a
copy of this order be inserted In some news.
paper printed and published in Cecil county
once a week for one month before the 18th
tav of February next.
The report states thn AN runt OF sale to be
$3.50. ....
MANLY DRENNEN, Clerk.
True CopyTest:
jan lit MANLY DRENNEN, Clerk.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
WANTED.
HELP WANTED

\ woman for general house work. tall on
or address MRS. HOOD BLAKE,
jan7.St Cherry I'M, Md.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
January Sale

Our January Sale is on; Bar
gains i'll Meu's Suits at S., So
and $3.50; all sizes, "a to f..
They tell their own story WHIT.
you see them. Bargains j.,
Overcoats, Trousers, Furnish
ings, Underwear, Shirts am!
Shoes. We are through stool
taking and must now clean Up
the Winter Stock. Cut Prices
and 10 per cent. off in Tailo:
ing except the IS Trousers
and SIS Suits to order from.
patterns and stylts greatly re
%iuced. There are big money
savers III every department
Come see them.
Bgssass MULLINS G Hats
Best. Wilmington. Shoes
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
DECOYS Fur SAL Z
For SALE

Manly Property Main ~ Elkton, Fine ress,
dcnce II rooms.
Farm OF 200 acres Carpenters Point Neck
Farm of 10 8creS In 9Th District, Ceeil Ga
Farm of l40 acre. on Delaware and JarS
land line.
I.odore or shaw place west OF f,lktQp.
H. NJ HtINE>I
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
FOR SALE OR RENT.

FOR RENT-HouSc and Store in We.
Elkton lately occupied ny W. X. Gilpn.
Apply to- l. NJ. HAISES.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14
HnuSekeeper Wanted.

H7usekeeper Wanted.
Wanted HousclScCper In family of three
adults q Address j. ".
Nov i2-tf Care CECIL WING OFFICES,
Position Wanted.
An experienced young woman stene-
grapher desires position. Graduate OF Cioidey
College. Address, "D. ""
Sept l7-tf CECIL WING OFFICE.
Farmer Wanted.
Farmer wanted to farm on the halves, the
farm OF Mrs. Emma IL. Armstrong, Ws5
Rock Church, Czech County. Md. Farm Cber-
tains l75 acres. Cali on or address,
W. Il. ARMSTRONG, Agent
Oct S-tf Fair Hnl. Nd
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1905-01-14

AZ the same time and place will he sold n
lot OF household goods, consisting of Carpets,
Chairs, Bedsteads, Goose Feather Bed,
Quilts, Canned Goods, Range and other
articles.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1905-04-24

a job in Washington and being more or less in contact with such senators as John T. Morgan, aged S1, Edmund ": Pettus, aged S4?-Springfeld Union.
 It is now admitted at Washington that Minister Bowen's dispatch char acterizing President Castros reply to our suggestion of arbitration of the asphalt dispute as insolent grossly mis- represented 1t. Not only is the reply dignified and courteous in form, but it's substance is correct and places our government in the wrong. That Bowen has not long since been re- caled is a disgrace to the state depart ment.-Bridgepor Farmer.
 The precautionary measure of the Stamford woman doctor who has had her vermiform appendix removed pre- liminary to a trip abroad, recalls the case of the man who drank boiled water and avoided microbes all his life only to die an untimely death from slipping on banana skin. The present generation sometimes has oc- casion to envy its ancestors their blissful ignorance of the perils of which the discoveries of modern medi- cal science doom the human race of to- day.-Meriden Journal.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1905-04-24
MONDAY, APRIL 24, 1905.

August Belmont has said that there is an educational value in bill boards and street advertising generally. But this can go too far. A writer in Les lies Monthly Magazine cites a rather sad case that came to the attention of the New York tenement department re- gently. Along the elevated road on West Broadway the bill boards are thick upon the house tops. Many of the houses are old fashioned with sloping roofs and dormer windows, now occupied as tenements. In one case the landlord had permitted huge sign directly in front of the windows, entirely shutting out the light and air of poor family occupying the attic. It had lived in total darkness for sev- eral weeks before the tenement depart ment ordered the bill board down.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1905-04-24
TERRORIST BOMBS.
Russian Police Discover Secret PreT aration of the Dreadful Missiles.

Russian Police Discover Secret Prep
 aration of the Dreadful Missiles.
 A considerable quantity of materials for the making of terrorist bombs has fallen into the hands of the authorities says St. Petersburg special cable to the New York American and Journal It Is stated that this material was sen, from Geneva in separate packets and that the bombs were charged in St. Pc tersburg.
 The covering of the bombs Is formed of sheets of white metal, and to the bottom sheets tube is fixed, the cen. ter of which contains two glass pipes in the shape of a cross filled with sul. phuric acid and surrounded by other chemicals. The hollow between the metal sheets Is filled with picrine.
 At the moment the bomb is thrown the glass tube would break and the sul. phuric acid mix with the chemicals, which would cause flame, producing on contact with the picrine a terrible explosion.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1905-04-24
Love From . Balloon.

The Swedish aeronaut, NJ. Frankel. while engaged in an ascent found that his balloon had sustained damage and descended in the island of Oe,and. say the London Globe. The balloon came down in the park of a country house occupied by a large employer of labor. who was then celebrating the silver jubilee of his wedding. The unforeseen guest was welcomed, and between him and the eldest daughter of his host there sprang ID such a near approach to love at first sight that when the aeronaut left the pair were already en- gaged.