davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
BREAKING OF A BRIDGE.
Several Men Thrown Into the Dan and
Four Injured.
(By the Associated Press.)

Danville. Va, April by a par
tial collapse of the new bridge across
the Dan river this morning seven men
and some machinery were precipitated
into the stream twenty-five feet below.
resulting in the injury of four of them.
Those injured were:
Wiltse Highland. of Toledo. O.. fore
man; Howard Lunard. of Columbus.
O.: Lee Jordan. of Covington, KY,
time-keeper and ID. r. Nance, of this
city, who sustained a severe sprain to
his back. S. A. Patterson. Of this
city; Charles Moore. of Cincinnati, o.,
and Ora Beaman, of indianapolis. md.
escaped without injury. The accident
was witnessed by several hundred
other workmen and was due to de-
fective planking. The bridge Is being
constructed by Roanoke. Va, COM
pany.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
THoM GENERAL COUNSEL.
He Has Been Appointed to Serve the
Southern.
(By the Associated Press, )

Norfolk, Va, April 12.-Alfred p.
Thorn, Of Norfolk, has been made gem
eral counsel of the Southern Railway
with headquarters at Washington. in
charge of the eastern and western
districts and will assume his duties
Friday. Francis Lynde Stetson will
remain in charge of the law depart
ment of the company as heretofore at
10 Broad street, New York. Colonel
William A. Henderson becomes general
solicitor of the eastern and western
districts with headquarters at Knox
vile, Tenn, and Alexander p. Humph-
rey is now general counsel at Louis
VILE
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14

AT BAY IN A GRAVE YARD.
A Negro Who Stabbed Man to Death
Surrounded.
CIV the Associated Press. )

Norfolk, Va, April 12.-County Off
GERS, armed with shotguns are sur
rounding Calvary Negro Cemetery to-
night in hopes of capturing Ed. Nor
ris, q negro who stabbed Tom Spen-
Ger a fellow farm hand to death
on the plantation of H. M. Simpson,
near Norfolk today.
crime and hid beneath a house The
posse dislodged him and he took re-
fuge in the grave yard. heavy
storm IS prevailing and the thick
weather may aid the negro in es-
Gaping.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
A TRAIN DITCHED
Sixty-Seven Passengers
Reported Injured.
1t is Said the Entire Train Rolled
Down an Embankment. Special
Whirls Physicians TO the
1t is Said the Entire Train Rolled
Scene.
fRr the Associated News.l

iVcksburg, Miss, April 12.-Yazoo
and Mississippi Valley passenger train
number Is, southbound, was ditched
near Hardee Station. sixteen miles
north of here ut 1880 o'clock tonight.
Reports state that 81 passengers were
injured. A special train carrying ply
sicians has gone to the scene of the
wreck. 1t is reported the entire pas
senger train rolled down an embank-
ment.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
The Russians Concentrating.
(Bv the Associated Press.l

NIoy lHC AoooCIdACu iCoS.l
Toxic, April 12.-Reports received
here from Manchuria indicate that the
Russians continue concentrating their
troops and strengthening the Chang
chun- Kirin line. General Madrioff's
force cotinues in touch with the ex-
IRENE japanese left. Skirmishes are
frequent and may possibly develop in
to an engagement.
Tt is rumored that the Russians
have armed the convicts of the island
of Sakhalin, promising money and
freedom to those fighting bravely.
This, it is added, brings the garrison
of Sakhalin up to a total of 5000
men. 1t is doubted, however. that
Russia will attempt to hold the is
land
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
For Police Justice.
superseding all Previous Time Tat

To the Democratic voters of Raleigh.
After careful consideration and con.
sultation with friends / have con.
Guided to become a candidate before
the Democratic primary for Police
Justice of Raleigh.
This position offers to me a greai
opportunity to be OF value to my city
and having some ambition to con.
tribute my mite to the advancement
of law and order, and believing that
because Of my training and experience
as lawyer / CO fairly and justly
for YOU
rgFrrsTyrxyFusYT
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
Denial by The Countess.

Rome. April 12.-According to the
Italia, the Countess Montignoso. alb
solutely denies the report published
in the official press of Saxony that
she will return her child. Princess
Anna Monica PA. to the King of Sax
ony, her former husband, in consid-
Grafton of yearly pension of s15,-
900.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
Toxic is In the Dark.
(By the Associated Press. )

TBy TIC AsSUCIdttU FTtss.I
Toxic. April 12.-No information
has reached Toxic that would in any
way indicate either the plans of Ad-
miral Rojestvensky or the destination
of his vessels.
It is rumored that the Russians at
Vladivostock are conducting expert
ments with six submarine vessels and
that these boats are all of foreign
manufacture and include French,
British and American types.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
COL. WADDELL NOMINATED.
A Very Large Vote Was PoIled, Col.
WaddeIl Receiving a Majority
of as.
Especial to News and Observer. }

ISpeclaI 10 News and Observed
Wilmington, N. c.. April 12.-Col.
A. M, Waddell was nominated for the
mayoralty of Wilmington in today
Democratic primary by a majority Of
40. a very large vote was polled.
There will be second primary In one
or more of the wards for aldermen.
Over 500 more votes were polled in the
primary today than in the dispensary
election last July.
The official count for aldermen is
now being made.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
Japanese Bar Coal stations.
lBy the Associated Press.l

Ny lllc <aooOSA1ACd 1891
Saigon. French Cochin-China, April
12.-Several Japanese ships are cruis-
ing off the coast of Cochin-China for
the purpose of preventing the Russians
taking coal on board and are making
reconn oissance.
A Chinese junk which arrived here
recently reported that two Japanese
vessels purchased supplies at Pulo
Obi. at the southern extremity of
Cochin China.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
Mrs. w. III. Rogers
Homemade


Ii meeting with the highest success
and will hereafter be handled by all
the leading grocers OF Raleigh.
1t is put up I'm IS and IS cent pack
ages and full directions go with each
package. One 25 cent package VIII
make up rs quarts OF -four. It viii
keep fresh and good two to three
months I'm cold weather, and six to
eight weeks in summer. FOR sale by
j. II. Ferrall g. Co, Fred W0OllcOtt,
Ben Walters, Nj. Rosenthai and w.
@. Stronach & Sons.
Mail orders addressed to Mrs. w. M.
Rogers, sal Halifax street, Raleigh,
". c., will receive prompt attention.
Few OF the Many TESTIMONIALS.
We use Mrs. Rogers Homemade
Yeast altogether and md 1t superior
to any we can buy. We take great
pleasure In recommending 1t to like
institutions as well as private families
Baptist University for Women, Raj
efgh, N. G.
find Mrs. Rogers Home Made
Yeast equal to any / have ever used
and since giving it my first trial I use
no other. / believe I'm patronizing
home industries.
Mrs. e. E. Mofftt, s11 Fayetteville
ST., Raleigh, N. G.
/ have been using Mrs. Rogers
Home-M Made Yeast in combination
with North State Flour and find that
they mako excellent bread. In fact
this homemade yeast and homemade
tiour is better than any I can gat tlse-
where. The yeast will he certain to
give perfect satisfaction to all who
use 1t.
MRS. JosEPHUs DANIELS.
My Dear Mrs Rogers:-Your Home
Made Yeast makes the most delicious
bread and buckW heat cakes I have
ever tasted. Please send me fifty
cents worth this time by mail. I en-
close 16 cents for postage.
Sincerely yours.
MRS. VIM. BINGHAM.
Mebane. N. c.. Feb. IL. 1905.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
J. L.O'QUINN & CO
Florist
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA.

We Give Southern Trading Stamps
ationR arranged In the best style D
short notice. Palms, Ferns and win
ter blooming plants for the house
Fall Bulbs. Hyacinths. Narcissus
Tulips. cts. Rose bushes. shrubbery
eyergreens and shade trees ye9af
abba plants In asaR0n
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
The Featherweight outwrestled
CIV the Associated Press

NIy Ute 1AsSUGAaIttU 7 1851
Baltimore, April 12.-Emil Beck,
of Camden, n. j., featherweight cham
pion of America, was completely out
wrestled here today by Ben Finnick;
of this city. Finnick won the first
call in SO minutes so seconds and af-
ter a little more than nine minutes of
the second bout Beck stopped wrest-
ling and confessed himself unable TO
throw his opponent. The match was
at catch weights, pin falls, strange
hold barred.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
-FOUR MEN CAPTURED.
Believed to Belong to the Gang That
Killed the Sheriff.
(By the Associated Press

Memphis Tenn. April IA Com
mercial Appeal dispatch from Sena-
tobia, Miss, says that four men al
legged to be members of the sextette
of masked men that entered the jail
at Senatobia early this morning and
killed Sheriff J. M. Poag. have been
captured by deputy sheriff's posse
and are being brought back to Sena-
tobia. The streets of Senatobia are
thronged with crowds of citizens and
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
To Raise Russian Warships.
DIV the -Associated Press.

(By the Associated Press.)
Toxic, April 12.-The Navy De-
partment is preparing to ask tenders
for the raising and sale of the sunken
Russian warships at Port Arthur
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
The Fate of the Yashima In Doubt.
(By the Associated Press. J

{By the AssOciaIed Press.)
London, April 13.-The Daily Tele-
graphs Toxic correspondent this
morning in a comparative statement of
the strength of the fighting fleets of
Japan and Russia, claims that the
Japanese have five battleships. The
Daily Telegraph considers that this
disposes of rumor that the battle
ship Yashima was sunk by Russian
mine off Dalny in June last.
Dispatches from Cheefoo in June
last, stating that the Japanese battle
ship Yashima had been sunk by a
mine off Dalny were denied by the
japanese authorities, but a dispatch
from Paris, November 8, to the Assoc
ciated Press upon high authority re-
asserted the sinking of the vessel.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
Passed the Russian Squadron.
NV the Associated Press. )

(By the Associated Press.)
Singapore, April 12.-The British
cruiser Sutlej has arrived here from
Hong Kong. She reports having pass
ed the Russian Second Pacific Squad
ron, including seven battleships steam
ing north at daylight April IL.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
Large Fleets Sighted.
(By the associated Press

(By the Associated Press.)
London, April 13.--The correspond
ent at Lebuan (off the northwest coast
of Borneo) of the Daily Mail says that
fleets have been sighted south of Bor-
npn
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
Possibly a Torpedo Boat Attack.
fRv the Associated Press. J

(By the AssOclated Press.J
st. Petersburg, April 1.-THE Adj
miralty has no information in re-
gard to the alleged naval battle in
progress off the Anambas Islands, and
does not credit the possibility of a
general naval battle yet. The officials
concede, however. that the Japanese
may have attempted torpedo boat
attack on a convoy during the night.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14

Am LINE HAlI,wAy

Between points North. East. South
and Southwest.
Schedule In effect January 8. 1905.
Trains leave Raleigh
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
TAYLOR GETS FIVE YEARS.
Because of an Assault Made Upon Con-
gPeSsnlan Lamar.
CBy the Associated Press.)

Tallahassee, Fla. April 12.-The
Florida Supreme court this afternoon
affirmed the judgment of Leonard
County Circuit Court in the case OF
Walter l.. Taylor VS.. The State. Tay-
Tor was convicted of assaultfng Con-
gresham Lamar with intent to COM
nit manslaughter in the summer OF
1902 because of an Indictment GROWN :
out Of the primary election for Con-
gresham and sentenced to five years
In the penitentiary. The case has been
hard fought.
Mr.. Strawberry was in town yester-
day and stopped at Dughi's. He was
So fine looking the ladies ate him up.
He will be at Dughi's again Saturday.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14
ATLANTIC AND NORTH CAROLINA
RAILROAD.
Schedule in Effect February 90. 1905.
N a \

Rowland Improvement Co. Lessee
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1905-04-14

. ID. II a <AANt Ns EAss
Portsmouth. Va.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
Gambling in Ancient Times.

In the time of King Henry W. Of
England the smart set managed to
play bridge-or its equivalent-with-
out shocking the susceptibilities of
those who think it wrong to play for
money. The fifteenth century gam
bier, according to one historian,
played at cards for counters, nails
and points, in every house, more for
pastime than for gain "Eyerie
scholar or petyte (little one) that
plates for money is to be expelled"
ordains grammar-school charter of
the period. One Of the duties of hos
pital sisters was ito make dilygentt
searche amonge the poore for cards
or dice"
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
THE LEGISLATORS
FEW SESSIONS or LEGISLATURE
LIKELY THIS WEEK.
COMMITTEES ARE AT WORK.
Sweeping Bills TO Be introduced for
the Prevention of Nepotism--Di-
voree Bill Today.

Austin, Texas, Jan. 1G.-ADparent-
ly majority of the Legislators re-
turned home for the Sabbath and the
legislative halls were almost deserted
yesterday.
Unless members spring good many
resolutions, neither branch of the law
making body will be in session much
during the week, but the members will
work in committees.
Senator Loony advises that he will
early in the week introduce very
sweeping measure denouncing and
prohibiting nepotism, cutting out all
kinsfollt within the third degree of
consanguinity or affinity from the pub
lie service
Mr. Cottrell will introduce his di-
vorce bill today; also bill to pay the
mileage and per diem of Texas presi-
Dental electors, who as yet have re-
ceived no compensation for journey
ing to the capitol to vote for Parker
and Davis.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
IN PORT ARTHUR.


Japanese Naval Officer Found condl-
tons Better Than Hoped For
Toxic; A naval officer who has re-
turned from Port Arthur, discussing
the conditions Of the fortress, says;
THE condition Of the warships and
the town was much better than | had
hoped for Evidently there was much
terrifying done at Port Arthur after
the siege commenced. The works on
2OS-Meter hill were not permanent.
and the trenches there were similar
to those used by the Beers during the
South African war.
1T seems that the Russians had no
general electrical scheme or movable
engines or dynamos for searchights
Russian naval officers say that 1t
is impossible yet to ascertain whether
the Japanese sre or the opening of
seacoclSs sank the ships in the harbor.
The hospitals are fairly well kept and
are still used for the wounded and
prisoners.
81 understand that up to the time
of the capitulation the garrison Of
Port Arthur received only special al
lowances, but that before the surren-
der General Stoessel paid off the men.
This, together with the constant pur-
chase by the Russians Of supplies
from junk men, may explain the report
that there was no treasure left at Port
Arthur.
1.-THE treatment Of the Japanese pris-
oners at Port Arthur did not compare
with that ACCORDED the Russian prison
ers in Japan. 1.-THE Japanese prison
ers were given boor food and no fuel.
and only twice Were they permitted to
go outside of ne prison"
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
Rlanton,s pure Food Bill.

Austin, Texas: Hon. w. L. Blan-
ton, representative of Cooke county,
has introduced two important bills
one a general food law, the other pro
viding for the incorporation of Estate
banks'
The caption of the general food
law is entitled an "act to prohibit
and prevent adulteration, fraud and
deception in the manufacture and sale
Of articles of food and drink; prescrib-
ing penalties for the violation of the
act, ana providing for the appointment
of dairy and food commissioner"
The different sections Of the -bill''
are very explicit in defining adultcra-
ton Of articles of food, its manufac-
ture for sale, and in providing penal
ties for violation OF the act provision
beipg-raado fer The apnpintmAat by the
goyerndr OF a dairy and food commits
sloner, who shall be practical analyt-
ical chemist, also giving the commits
sioner authority to appoint deputy
commissioner and six inspectors to en-
able him to put into effect all the sew
eral provisions Of the proposed law.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
CREAM POWER
When Regular Medical Treatment
Failed, Dir. Williams Pink Pills
Cured Her Rheumatism.

Hundreds of people afflicted with rheu-
matism have spent years under the care
Of excellent physicians i'll vain. Then
they have settled down to the conviction
that it is fastened on them for life. Mrs.
Dihsmore was not willing to join the
ranks of the hopeless merely because her
doctor did not know how to help her.
Here is her story -
Z" Four years ago suffered greatly
with rheumatism in my hands aud
knees. After had been sitting a while
my limbs seemed SO heavy could hardly
walk on the first attempt. So long as
kept moving / was all right, but just as
soon as stopped, something seemed to
settle in my knees and make them ache.
My bands were SO bad I couldn't touch
the palms Of them on q flat surface; they
were swollen and panied SO. -
ibid you call in physiciansn
II doctored steadily for over q year
then one doctor said You have taken
medicine strong enough to kill almost
anything Still, it did not kill nc nor
tho rheumatism -
q How, then, did you get rid Of it9''
AZ QlAACA CAA1 \ k4tttl Actisl III NftHlr
GUS publications. about DR. Williams'
wonderful Pink Pills for Pale People,
and finally decided TO try them Itook
them steadily for four months in ac-
cordance with the directions. BY that
time was completely cured. =
Have you been free from it over
SINGER"
Since then have had but one slight
return Of my trouble, and a box or twoof
the same pills made me all right again. "
Mrs. r. A. Dingnore lives III hearty
enjoyment Of her recovered health at
Woburn, Mass, entirely freed from the
grave anxieties that rheumatism always
brings. When it appears in but single
joint il shows that the blood is IN d faulty
state in the whole body. it may at any
moment break out elsewhere, and one Of
the dangers is that it may break out in
the heart and then the result must be
fatal. The only security is to keep the
blood all the time ia q perfectly sound
condition
DR. Williams Pink Pills make healthy
blood All other relief is superficial
This is thorough. These pills npe sold
J " an druggists.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

ri Paso, TeSAs Messrs. Buckley,
Arthur & Reid OF New York have just
closed deal whereby a syndicate rep
resented by them has acquired 10000
acres Of timber land in the state OF
Durango, Mexico. The land adjoins
the San Estaban ranch, owned by John
P. Elkins, and is said to be quite val
liable. The price paid has not been
made public.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
To Break the Strike

Fall River, Mass. Hope is ex-
pressed that as a result Of the confer
ence Of the min operatives represen-
tatives with Governor Douglas the long
strilte will beA. .qteil-a z7neetiy upon
what ground this is based is not fully
known, but some even express conf
dence that the strike will soon be de,
clared off
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
cAUsE AMp cURE

OF RHEUMATISM.
Shown by numerous cures made by
Dodd's Kidney Pills. They cure the
Kidneys and the rheumatism curea
understandable case of Maggie
E. Dectert.
Eagle River, Wis, Jan. 16.-(Spe-
oial) That rheumatism is caused by
disordered kidneys is proved by the
cures Dodd's Kidney Pills are making
in every state in the Union. They
cure the Kidneys and the Rheumatism
cures itself. A cure that has caused
deep interest in this neighborhood is
that Of Maggie q. Deckert. In speak
ing of it she says:
Il had kidney trouble and rheuma-
tism and was so lame | could not walk.
I could not sleep for ached all over
WIS IN terrible state and firmly
believe that If had not used Dodd's
Kidney Pills / would be dead. l took
nine boxes of them and they have
done me more good than all the other
medicines I ever took. Now my aches
are all gone, can eat and sleep and
/ am feeling good want all the
world to know that Dodds Kidney
pills cured me-"
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
Nearo Hanaed h AIabama.

Mobile, Ala; Ira Carter, colored,
was hanged at st. Stephens, Ala, Sat
urday for the murder OF Conductor w.
s. Askew on an excursion train in
yellow Pine, Ala, on the Mobile and
Ohio railroad, on the night Of May "a,
1904 This is the first legal hanging
In Washington county in twenty years
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

London now has an automobile baby
carriage It can be stopped easily by
a child in the car depressing a pedal
with its foot or by the person in
charge pushing forward lever on the
side of the car. AS this lever is fitted
with locking gear. it is impossible
for the child to reverse it and restart
the car.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
An Old Field Weed.

Many seeing that old field weed the
mullen stalk. never consider the good
it is accomplishing in curing lung
troubles. It presents in Taylors
Cherokee Remedy of Sweet Gum and
Mullen the finest known remedy for
coughs, Group, colds and consumption.
AT druggists, 25c., Soc and $l.00 q
bottle.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

The race of Todas, in India. which
practices polyandry Zone wife having
two or more husbands), which was
100000 strong a century ago, has
dwindled TO 1O1 persons.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

Long Underground Thorouahfare.
The longest underground thorough
fare in Great Britain is in Central
Derbyshire, where you can walk sew
en- miles upon a road connecting sew
eral coal mines.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
More Profitable.

This homeless pork may not suit
your taste, but you get more for your
money when you buy homeless pork
than when you buy porkless BONE
spareribs.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

One of the latest ideas to be pro
pounded, and which will be brought
forward at future international pos
tai congress, is suggestion for an in.
ternational stamp.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

A Madrid restaurant keeper has
sued a woman for a meal. He swears
that she ate and drank without oeas
ing from p. m. to 2 a. m.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

Tea is held by Good Health to be
not, strictly speaking, a temperance
drink It is not taken as food nor
as an Innocent relish to food, but for
its fascinating effects on the nervous
system.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

The diameter Of the earth has been
accurately ascertained, after thirty
years labor, at cost OF 100000. II
Is 1926 miles at the Equator and 4
800 from Pole to Pole.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18
IIla Ennllsh VocabuIarY.

A Welshman on the witness stand
IN court was asked whether he could
speak English. He said he knew
enough English to ask for beer and
that was enough for him.
Shiner gazette. [volume] (Shiner, Tex.) 1893-current, 1905-01-18

It is very difficult for man to be
lieve that girl with golden hair ana
blue eyes would ever tell fib.