davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

and various other data bearing on the
scheme. These records bear dates from
1915 until 1884, inclusive.
The city needed $4,000 with which to
build two public school houses, peniten-
tiary and a town hall, and the authorities
of the corporation of Washington, deciding
to raise the money by the lottery plan, on
February %, 1915, enacted the following
law:
BE it enacted by the board of aldermen
and board of common council of the city
of Washington, that the mayor be, and he
is hereby authorized and directed, forth
with, to appoint twelve persons as man
ayers, whose duty it shall be to agree on
and propose a scheme or schemes of lot
terry or lotteries, to raise the sum of 10000
clear of all expenses for the purposes above
mentioned, and to sell and to dispose of
the tickets therein, to the best advantage
with the least possible delay, and diligently
to attend to the drawing of the said lot
terry or said lotteries which shall be in the
city of Washington and within sixty days
after the drawing of the said lottery or lot
teries. respectively, shall be finished, which
shall not exceed eighteen months from the
commencing of the drawing to pay and
satisfy the fortunate Adventures for prizes
drawn by them and within seventy days
after the time the drawings shall be 1n-
tshed to pay over the balance after deduct
Ing all necessary expenses to the treasurer
of the city of Washington"
Each of the twelve managers was re-
CURED to give bond in the sum of 100000
and each was to be paid So a day for his
services during the period required for exc
cutting the scheme, Evidently there were
several separate lotteries, for some of the
old tickets refer to a lottery which offered
first prize of $4,000, while other tickets
show 100000 as the first prize. About
seven dozen post office inspectors would
have the entire corporation of Washington
In jail In two days should such scheme be
attempted now to raise money for public,
improvements. Such is the advance made
by civilization.
Among the many other interesting things
In the archives is register of the slaves
residingf in the District for forty years
prior to- the act OF emancipation. 1t is a
singular coincidence that the first entry in
this register was made April 10. 1923, and
exactlyi thirty-nine years thereafter-Apru
16, lS62-the last name was entered.
The first name recorded In the slave reg
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01
Our Gain by Immigration.

c. de Therry. in London Outlook. +.
Calculating, as Mulhall does, that on the
average each emigrant carries with him s33
($165), at least a250000,ooO Isl, go 600 oOo)
must have been drawn from England during
the last eighty-five years. absolutely with
out return. Again. the working value of
each emigrant of twenty is estimated at
ESQ tS1, 800, which in the aggregate repre-
sents stupendous sum gained by the re-
public a. our expense.
Our loss OF power Is naturally not SO
obvious, but 1t is not the less real. Great
Britains imports into this country are
free gift" once remarked Blaine. flor she
sends US the able-bodied humanity to pay
for them This is the bare truth. On
neither side of the Atlantic Is fully realized
the vital part played by British enterprise
in the United States. Its great industries.
almost without exception. were founded by
emigrants from these islands.
AS for the drain on British ability there
is no limit to It. Our lethargy may be
stirred when man of the eminence of Sir
Caspar Purdon Clarke accepts a post in
New York. but the same thing is going on
daily in every department of our national
life.
Here are few instances. The American
commissioner to Cuba and Porto Rico in
1s9s. the American commissioner 10 British
tropical possessions. the Secretary OF Agri-
culture in President Rooseyelt's cabinet, the
head of the American ordnance bureau and
the creator of the Great Northern railway
are all British born and bred.
So are many of the foremost bankers,
university professors engineers. inventors
and railroad magnates In the United States
Americans are proud of having the largest
an Englisfiman. The best transatlantic cap
tain of pleasure craft Is a Scotsman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

takes the surplus he thereby abandons his
title to the property, and the surplus war
rants 1t Is stated, are regarded by the
courts as indisputable evidence of the orig
inal owners abandonment of title.
An instance is cited where about fifteen
years ago the finding of a certain surplus
warrant settled dispute over the title to
piece of real estate in the District valued
taken into court, as the finding of the war
rant satisfied the contestant as to the use
lessness of such procedure.
Besides the surplus warrants there are In
the vault all the vouchers covering the eX-
penditures of the District under appropria-
lions from July, 1871, to date, or all ex-
penditures for the municipality under the
present form of government Prior to 1885
the official documents ana records were
scattered about in various parts of the city,
but in that year the present vault was
leased and all the papers collected in the
one place.
1t is recalled by officials of the District
that in 1886, when Roger Williams, the
present clerk to the excise board was le-
arranging the official papers in the vault
he discovered a package containing certih-
Gates of stock held by the city of Wash
ington in the Washington and Alexandria
railroad. When these certificates were
produced in court evidence in a case
then pending they realized 100000 In cash
to the District. There was no record of the
citys ownership of the stock and the dis
covery of the certificates made the District
$1,000 LESS poor The municipality at
that time was about s21, 000.0 600 in debt.
The District archives also contain many
volumes of license and tax books, laws or
the District and of other states, Old pats
of the city and county, annual reports OF
the various departments and other books
and papers.
There is one entire stand of shelves. filled
from top to bottom both sides with n
series of several hundred volumes contain
ing Specifications and Drawings OF Pat
ents" The series Is complete from 1871 to
1886. Why the Districts collection of vol
luminous reports of the patent office
stopped with the year 1855 Is not learned;
Nor has any one been found to give a valid
reason why these books should be given SO
much space in the archives of the District
The volumes, however. are all exceiientiy
bound in calf and are neat-looking books,
notwithstanding one of the volumes con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

kvya HE archives OF the District of Column
bia are rich in things of historic in
terest to the citizens of the national
Il capital. Shelf after shelf of musty
tones bundles and bundles of Off
cial documents yellow with the marks of
time. and volume upon volume of aged
leather-bound records, some of which ante
date the memory of the eldest member of
the Oldest Inhabitants Association are all
found in the vault that contains the official
history of the local government vast
amount of the material IN the archives
iates to the government of the District
under the various forms in vogue prior TO
the establishment of the present three-Com-
missioners style of administra ton, and by
reference to the records books and docu-
ments stored in the large vault the success
sive stages of the development of the local
government may be traced
Probably many residents of Washington
do not know where the archives OF the Dis
trict are to be found. They are located in
the south end OF the building used as an
armory by the male students of the Bust
ness High School, on LIST street between b
and streets northwest. The armory is in
the rear of the school building The old
documents of the municipality are kept In a
fireproof vault, sixty feet long by thirty
loaf In, for the vault Is exceedingly crowded
with many stands of shelves containing
the dusty books and file cases. and the
smell of aged things pervades the close at
mosphere.
Piled In one section OF the shelving on the
south side of the vault is a most interesting
collection of books and papers that show
strikingly what changes time, and perhaps
moral evolution, has made in the attitude
and thought of individuals and governments
with respect to certain practices of former
days which were then considered proper
and lawful. Viewed from the present day
standpoint of moral and legal propriety,
the city of Washington was once a Grim nal
operating with sanction of law, as is shown
by the collection of documents mentioned.
This collection consists of official records,
etc, relating 10 the grand national lot
terry, which was put into operation by the
city of Washington in 1915. On the shelves
there is register of the purchasers or
tickets In the lottery. record of the draw
ings, an interest book, kept in connection
with the per cent lottery stock. numerous
lottery tickets, lists of winners of prizes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

tificates entitled the holder to reside in the
District for one year after the date of the
document.
On one of the shelves in the vault is q
book containing the acts of the corpora
ton of Washington, printed in 1903, by A.
and G. Way. This book is bound in calf
and has been preserved In excellent con-
dition. 1t also contains the act Of incor-
poration of the city of Washington, autho:-
lied by Congress May 3, 1902, and signed
by Nathl Macon. Speaker of the House of
Representatives; Abraham Baldwin, presi-
dent pro tenn of the Senate, and Thos. JEFF
ferson, President of the United States.
The first act relates to the seal of the
city of Washington, and presc-ibes that the
seal shall be a representation of an edifice
supported sixteen columns with the
word washington" at the top City Seal
and the figures 1902 at the bottom. and
the motto Union beneath the dome of
the edifice.
Considerable space is occupied by the
journals OF the old council and of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

lister is that of Samuel" aged five years.
owned by J. J. Gunnell, in what was then
the third ward of the city. The last name
entered, and the only one on April 10, 1867
is Ellen Saunders, aged eighteen. owned
by Joseph Osman, in the second ward.
With this entry the record of slaves ceases
suddenly without any comment, and
half of the pages in the book are left
blank. April &c. 1862. was the date of the
enactment of the emancipation act, and
there was no further need for the register
after that. During the thirty-nine years
the register was used the names of 4, 2S4
slaves were recorded. The largest owner
according to the register, was Ariss Buck
ner, who registered forty-nine slaves be-
tween November 8. 1926, and January 81.
1925 This register suggests another Gus
tom in vogue in the District years ago.
and at that time deemed proper and law
full, but which IL practiced today would
be punished as q serious offense against
both moral and civil law.
In addition to the slave register there is
a book containing certificates testifying TO
the freedom of former slaves. These GER
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

tains more than 4,2D0 pages and is about
one foot long, ten inches wide and is ten
inches thick These books are facetiously
referred to as The Districts Library"
In large bundle on of the shelves
repose all the papers, bonds, etc, pertain
ing to the purchase in May. 1896 by CAPT
tslsts of Holland Of Sl5oaooo worth OF
bonds Of the cities of Washington, Alexan-
dria and Georgetown. These bonds were
issued for the purpose of building the Ches-
apeake and Ohio canal. After paying the
interest the loan for a number of years
the District was unable to pay the prin-
cipal, and Congress came to the aid of the
only child of the Union as Senator South
ard styled the District many years ago,
and paid the debt.
A story on the contents of the archives Of
the District of Columbia would not be COM
plete without mention of the immense Gil
painting of Lincoins famous Secretary of
War. Edwin NJ Stanton. which was never
hung and which has never been placed On
public view. This picture is, iguratively,
one OF the yelled secrets of the archives.
The picture is twelve feet long by eight
feet wide, and represents Mr.. Stanton, in
life size, standing beside a tall DESK on
which he is resting his left arm. high
back arm chair is behind the figure Of STAN
ton, and on the wall in the background is
portrait OF Abraham Lincoln. an Ameri-
can flag and old-fashoned clock.
Washington lady painted the picture in
1871. and received 5000 for the work, the
common council of the city appropriating
that sum for the picture. After the paint
ing was finished 1t was sent to the office Of
Edwin L. Stanton, the of the former
Secretary of War. and at that time secre-
tary of the District. Young Stanton de-
clared that the picture was not a good like
ness of his father. and declined to give his
consent to have 1t hung. His wishes were
respected by the city authorities, and later
young Stanton had a portrait of his father
painted at his own expense, and IL was
hung in the city hall. where 1t may be seen
today.
The immense painting which had been
paid for by the common council was rele-
gated to the archives of the District and
for many years 1t has stood and today still
stands in the old vault, silent guardian of
the official records and documents from
rats and mice that might seek to break into
the historic archives and gnaw and mutt
late the musty tones and aged papers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

GENTLY numerous. brave and strong to re-
sist spoliation England for example, in
attempting to govern the great Indian pen
ihsula ana Its appurtenances undoubtedly
DEMENT'S her commerce and finds lucrative
employment for a few thousand native of
the united kingdom: but neither there nor
IN Egypt is she acquiring new homes for
the foundation Of white mems colonies 1t
Is inevitable that the time will come some
DAY whether 1t be fifty years a hundred
years or two hundred years hence when
these and similar portions of the British
empire Will be independent saIf-goyerniug
communities, retaining, 1t is to be hoped
as srateiui recollection of the splendid
and often unseifish part which Great Brit
am has played in their regeneratio as we
no" bear toward the memory of the Ro-
man empire and what Rome did to put us
In the path of true civilization
what role shall be given by common con-
sent 10 Germany In this more or less nm
selfish mission Of education and develop
ment? The British empire has nearly
reached the limits of that domain in which
1t Will exercise exclusive political influence
during the next hundred years. To Egypt
we may add a protectorate over Arabia:
and the Indian empire must always be ex-
pected 10 control the forign policy of At
ghanistan and Tibet to such an extent that
neither of these countries can be made the
base for an attack on India. The true i'm
perial mission OF France is to restore to
European civilization Morocco, Algeria and
Tunis, to keep order and extend commerce
over the Sahara desert ana over much or
west and west-central Africa and Madagas-
car In the far east the work of France
In Indo-China will be on the same lines as
that which Great Britain is doing in the
Malay peninsula and In India; France will
ais fal her q Inn In tha N1yffT Of a nd o.
velopment of the Pacific archfpelagoes. The
United States of America must lead the
hegemony of the new world. Russia, des-
pite her disappointed hopes in Manehuria,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

house Of delegates Of the District of Co
lumbia and many rows of shelves are &C
cupied by the books containing the minutes
and acts Of the old legislative assembly of
the District, Familiarity characterized as
the feather-duster legislature" The pro-
ceedings of the former levy court of George
town and the documents relating to the
old corporation of that city fill several
tiers of shelving, and not a little space is
taken up by the original acts, written by
hand, of the old board of aldermen and
board of common council of the city of
Washington.
There are papers in the District archives
which have great value aside from their
worth as historical documents. This is true
of the papers designated as surplus war;
rants" 1t is said that the title to a great
deal of land in the District hinges on these
papers and their preservation is very impor-
tant. When property is sold for taxes,
and at the sale brings a sum in excess of
the amount of tax, the excess may be paid
over to the original owner of the property
on demand. If the owner demands and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

Of influence over the Turkish empire to
bargain with Germany as we nave Done
with France in north Africa for tne equai
treatment of our own goods-for free trade
in fact. At the present time, In the Ger
man Cameroons, British trade is under pre-
cisely the same conditions as German, ano
prospers equally. / believe there is not
differential treatment either in German East
Africa in German Southwest Africa
There has been foolish attempt on the
part of Germany to establish diHerenuai
treatment In the Pacific and New Guinea.
For my own part l believe that both Ger
many and France would prosper far more
In their commercial interests IL they imi-
tated us iunless we, too. backslideD In >es-
tablishing free trade-a fair field and no
favor for all corners.
Then, again, 1t may be said that the
present writer Is ridiculous in dsposing of
the lands of the Turkish empire without
taking into consideration the stubborn re-
sistance which the Turks might offer. The
fact is, however. that all our recent ideas
IN this direction have been enlarged and
changed by the success which has attended
the British in Egypt and the French in
Tunis through the maintenance of native
dynasties We should, after all, only be
inviting Germany to deal with the Turkish
sultanate. as we are asking France to deal
with the government of Morocco. or as
England now deals with Siam, Afghanfstan,
Haiderbad; Maisur sRaiuehistan, Oman,
Zanzibar, Uganda and Barotse. The adop-
ton of the scheme herein outlined does not
mean that Germany would set to work 10
massacre the Truks. and put German
peasantry in their place; but once this plan
were agreed upon between Germany and
the rest of the civilized world she would
henceforth control the foreign relations OF
the Balkan states and of Turkey. There
might be Sultan of Turkey, but he would
reside at some appropriate capital in
Muhammadan Asia Minor, with a German
resident at his court, and. at first, with
Germans to teach him sound finance and
good government. In joining this German
league. Austria. Hungary. Bohemia, Ru-
mania Bulgaria, Seryla, Montenegro would
enjoy the same freedom and independence
as are attributed at the present day to the
Kingdom of Saxony or the kingdom OF Ba-
yaria. The emperor of this great federation
might be German and Hohenzoilern. and
he might fix his residence at Berlin or at
Vienna; but that would be merely because
at the present day the kingdom of Prussia
Is superior in population and rower to any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01

stretch from Hamburg and Holstein on
the Baltic and on the North sea to Trieste
and the Adriatic, to Constantinople and
the Aegean, to the Gulf of Alexandretta,
to the Euphrates and the frontiers of
Persia. Even If it did not reach to the
actual shores of the Persian gulf it
would extend to the junction of the Eu-
pirates and the Tigris, and might share
with Great Britain the joint control of
the Shat-el-Arab or the estuary of the
Euphrates. This league of central and
ing stations for its feet and depots for
its commerce footholds on the continent
of Africa, in China. the Malay archipel-
ago and the Pacific, and possibly the
such splendid, continuous and seif-con-
tanned empire Germany might have to
make sacrifices, surrenders and sales In
various directions.
She must in the first place renounce all
idea of the Incorporation within heS lin
it's of the Low Countries (Holland, Bel
GUM and Luxembourg; she must restore
to France the fortress of Metz and that
small area round about 1t of French
speaking Lorraine. which lies to the west
of the Mose1le and the river Seille. To
Scandinavia she must give back the lit
tie district of Hadersleben tthe slice of
Slesvig which is Inhabited by Danish
by the Hadersleben estuary and by the
Gjelds Au river). To Italy. German Aus
tria must restore the Trientino tthat
peninsula of German territory Inhabited
by an Italian or Misunderstanding peo-
pie which lies to the south of the Tirol).
Italy also may demand and acquire pro-
tectorate over the future principality of
Albania. I'm the future there will be an
inevitable drawing together of the deep
seated ties between Italy and Greece,
Italy and Greece must decide between
them whether Albania is to be Greek or
an italian principality. or humble part
ner in tripartite Greeo-Italian allianceo
In the alignment of the territories of the
Balkan peninsula Epirus must be given
TO Greece, and Greek territory might be
extended northward into Thessaly as far
as the river Vistritza. To Greece, of
course. Crete would be allotted, together
with Rhodes, Samos and most of the
islands off the southwestern coast of Asia
Minor. Smyrna perhaps will be made into
free city within the German empire.
like another Hamburg.
Armenia-Russian and Turkish-night be
erected into principally and placed under
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-01
GERMANY'S FUTURE
LINE OF EXPANSION

BY SIR HARRY JOHNSTON.
To understand rightly the views express
ed by the writer Of this and other articles
dealing with political developments in Eu-
rope Asia. Africa and America, 1t is per-
haps best to begin with two assumptions.
One Is that for the next hundred years Qet
us say of the worlds history there will be
fourteen educating nations-Great Brit
ain, the United States OF America, France,
Germany. Austria Hungary, Italy. Russia
and Japan; In lesser degree also, Spain,
Portugal. Holland. Belgium, Scandinavia
and Greece. Each one of these nations or
ccngeries OF nationalities, will seek TO ex-
tend it's commerce, influence. language, lit
erature and rule over other peoples more
backward In civilization and therefore
obliged to submit to the direction OF a SUI
perior race
The second assumption is that in dealing
generously lin theory with other peoples
territory. in allo-ting great tracts OF
Africa, Asia and southeast EIiope - the
domination OF this, that or the other edu-
eating state, we ale not perhaps offering
much more than costly honor II is as
though one invited fich person 70 aoopt
feed, name, clothe. educate and endow
poor child or a family of poor children,
and afterward resign himself or herself 10
seeing such children (having arrived az
years of maturity and fndependence) leave
the care Of their adaptive parents, and dis
play little gratitude for the long and costly
tutelage that has fitted them to play their
own part in the world. There some
tracts OF land in South and North America,
In South East and North Africa open TO
colonization, namely. empty of native races
and awaiting occupation by the adventurous
European or Asiatic. But for the most
part the countries in Africa Asia and
uaFffb .0f xytf ara Ef NJ
dent OF civilized control. and which excite
the mutual jealousy OF the educating pow
ers. are lands already peopied with races
who require education. but who are suiIi-