Evening star., 1905-08-20

4
during the fiscal year has more than doubled
| in quantity
China Is essentially agricultural Land
Is all freehold, held by families on payment
or tax TO government. The work anima Is
| are oxen and buffalo and the farm in,pie-
| ments primitive. Wheat. barley. maize and
millet. with pease and beans. are grown in
| the north: cotton. indigo sugar and rice in
| Inc mulberry tree grows everywhere. Tea
Is cultivated in the west and south.
| An important feature in the development
| or chinese Industries is the erection of cot
| ton mills in Shanghai and histures for
Winding silk from cocoons in Shang!! ii
! Canton and Chifu
All the eighteen provinces contain coal.
/ ana thina may be regarded as one of the
| greatest coal countries of the world Th,
Ia-fet Iron mines, in consideration of a
,oah OF ",oooO0 yens at per cent has
eeeh pee hmortsased to a Japanese syndicate
| Tor thirty years. the Han-Yaag foundry
engaging to buy from 70.O00 to ioo oso tons
oI ore annually during that period. at
Prices already fixed till 1915. Copper ore is
! piehtiiui IN Yunnam. Tin and gold are
| mined in Hainan and Fukien.
| me want OF a fixed monetary unit IN
n,aIa anila rs manifested In the financial crisis
h %nicn Is now threatened The copper cash
mas noatfng value of LOGO to / dollar or
haikwan tael. silver bullion or syace. be,ns
/ the usual medium OF exchange
ftanways. like mining enterprises, are
ander nd me .ne control OF the board of commerce
are subject to their regula tions
ihe China American Development Com
pany. OF which Mr.. J. p Morgan controls
p,, the majority of stock, holds
concession for the con-
concession. struction of the Canton
Hankow railway, for the
surrender Of which China has offered the
American Company $7.OO0OOo Mr.. Morgan
desires to sell. but King Leopold. stock
holder Is opposed. The Chinese are re-
ported anxious to buy It back in order
to complete 1t themselves An article In
the New York Journal of Commerce of
August II. entitled American Prestige in
the Far East" warns the State Department
In the following language: I'VE confess
our Inability to see how the prestige of the
United States In the far east or elsewhere
IS to be advanced by keeping this question
open So far as American influence in
CHINA Is concerned the mischief was done
when a controlling majority of the stock
OF the American-China Development Com
pany was sold to the avowed agent of the
syndicate headed by the King of the Bel
CLANS. The attitude Of the Chinese toward
the corporation will remain one of fixed
suspicion and distrust. and ii can hardly
be TO the advantage of American prestige
| in the far east to have such company
build a railway for China against the ex-
press desire and proved readiness OF the
Chinese to do It for themselves"
Like Caesars wife. Americas good name
In China must be held high and above sus-
piston.
| The lesson of the Boxer rebellion was
cruel. China. May %, 1901, agreed to pay
| 10 the powers 45o.ooo.OOo taels for injuries
Hungary. Belgium, France. Germany. Great
Britain. Italy, Japan, the Netherlands.
| Russia and the United States.
On the other hand the lesson of that re-
hrny obi oh I.,I
| form in the matter of the military or
ganization. inspired indeed by Ii Hung
Chang but executed by his successor. Gen.
Yuan Lie Kwal actually the vceroy OF
Pechili. The nominal central authority
| for the military organization of the empire
| Is the newly established Lien Ping Chu or
army organization office. The historic
forces of the Eight Banners exist no
recruited for service in one or other
of the newly founded corps but there Is
no obligatory service for them In these
ranks. The Lu Yung or army OF the Gre en-
Standard" Uhe Chinese are opposed to the
Manche or Banner troops) has similarly
| no further existence as lighting force.
\
Both these forces are in process of for
nation. The Pei Yang morthern army.
composed of the troops In
M1Htary the province of Pechili
Development. and including those of
Shantung. numbers 0,0o0.
The Nam Yang. or southern army, under
the viceroys at Nan kung and Wa Chang.
does not possess the degree Of cohesion
visible in the northern forces and its num-
bers are difficult to gauge with any pre-
csfon. They possibly reach 10000.
Progress is undoubtedly being made in
creating a fighting force, but there is a
complete dearth of officers, and vast sums
of money are misappropriated in the pur-
chase of materials.
japan destroyed or captured the Chinese
navy in 1894. The Chen Hal and the kang
Chi alone remained. A French engineer
has reorganized the arsenal at Fuchou and
a torpedo gunboat is actually III hand there
The Chinese government has of late years
established naval and military colleges and
torpedo schools with foreign instruction. in
connection with the different arsertals at
Teintsin, Marking, Shanghai and Fuchou.
The Manchus enjoy considerable privileges
above those allowed the Chinese. The vice.
roys of the provinces have no command or
authority over Manchu armies commanded
by Manchu generals
general who commanded in Peklng in
formed European officer that he COM
manded l00C0 men, but the European dis
covered that he actually commanded but
800. His method was common to China.
He received the money to pay, feed and
clothe 10000 men. If his army was to be
inspected he hired coolies at 200 cash, about
TO cents day, to appear on parade. This
was perfectly we'll known to the inspecting
officer but the latter received bribe to re-
port that he had inspected the army and
found it in perfect order
Gen. Yuan Sic Kwai. the viceroy. is a
marked exception to this class. The writer
knew him intimately during the two years
of his official residence in Seoul. Korea
dSST-S9) when Yuan was then II. /. NJ Chi
nese resident.
Yuan was returned to China in 1895 and
after serving with galantry as division
comma nder he appointed yiceroy Of
Pechili. to succeed Ii Hung Chang, In No
vember, 1901. Pechili, with it's population
of 21 600 Inhabitants is important post
1t includes the ports of Tong-ku and Tien-
tsin, and thus guards the gateways to the
capital and the avenues to the throne
China found a man and master In the la te
Ii Hung Chang, who, devoted to the old
order OF things, controlled the destinies Of
his country with wonderful ability. The
moment Is approac ching when China in
process OF evolution. will require a leader,
patriot and a soldier. When that hour ar
rives Gen. Yuan Sic Kwai may have occa-
sion to take the part to which destiny may
have assigned him in the consolidation of
the forces OF his country under the cry of
China for the Chinese" which is not pre-
clsely the present program of the mikado.
CHI. CHAILI. .E-LONG.