davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1905-09-17

address the mems meeting at the L. M.
C. A. this afternoon on the subject, 'The
Christian Athlete" The meeting will be-
gin at o'clock. and after the address
of Mr. Larrimore refreshments will be
served.
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS.-A charge Of
cruelty to animals was preferred yester-
day against Butler Simmons, In the In
ferior original court When called for
trial 1t will be prosecuted by L. A. Ben
ME, humane officer. 1t was at his instl-
cation that the arrest was made.
FINED FOR RESISTING. Wesley
Robertson the negro who showed fight
when Policemen Given and Todd attempt
ed to arrest him Friday night, was fined
$40 by Judge Feagin yesterday. One fine
of $15 was for resisting the officers and
the sum of So was imposed for malicious
mischief and drunk.
PROFESSOR GILES IN CITY.-B. r.
Giles, president of the Central Female
college, Tuscaloosa, is in the city. Per-
haps no other school combines more sue
cessfully the highest Intellectual training,
with that culture and refined modesty
that characterizes noble women than the
Central Female college Of Tuscaloosa.
HAD A DISPUTE,-A dispute between
w. H. Garry a white laundry wagon
driver, and L. M. Tucker a negro seam
tress resulted In charges of assault and
battery being made against both In the
inferior criminal court When they were
arraigned before Judge Feagin yesterday
I morning the woman was fined IS for her
part in the row and the man was let off
with 81 for what part he took In the
word war. 1t seems there were no blows
passed.
R. e. LEE SOCIETY.-The Robert r.
Lee society of owenton college held It's
first regular meeting Friday and the fol-
lowing officers were elected for the en-
suing term: J. D. Hunter. president; o.
r. Burns. vice president; Fl. NJ Willis,
secretary; A. ]. Walker, treasurer; A. s.
Balsam. reporter; J. P. Cornelius, chap
lain; II. L. Aldrdge, critic; ". C. Hern-
don, sergeant-at-arms. After the cleo
ton of officers the meeting was made
very interesting by Well selected pro-
gramme.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1905-09-17
81 ACHE FROM HEAD TO FOOT"
This IS the Complaint of Thousands-o of Women Suf
fering With Pelvic Catarrh.
PE-RU-NA Is the Remedy
That Promptly Cures All
Of These Cases.
a Former Invalid Writes Let.
ter o. Praise.
AIRS. VICTORIA WALLACE. % w.

M RS. VICTORIA WALLACE, 2s w.
Iva Leigh ST.. Richmond. Va. writes;
Il have ample cause to be grateful to
you for your wonderful medicine, Pc
runa.
1T has saved many a woman's life
and eased and cured thousands of wo-
men who before dragged through life.
Thanks to your remedy, they are to-
day we'll and strong.
Il am the mother of two boys, and
have also had my share of 1ife's bur-
dens
AT the age of thirty-six began to
have hot and cold flashes, extreme las
situde and nervousness.
After l used Peruna these symptoms
disappeared and It carried me through
the climacteric period safely and well.
II heartily recommend 1t to any sick
woman, as 1t builds up her General
health and improves her in every way
Mrs. Caroline Kramer, President Mos
KEEL Ell DOL" Hebrew Society, 1179 E. LON
bard street, Baltimore, Nd, writes:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1905-09-17

Take yeur dinner at
Geldors restaurant
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1905-09-17
Suffered Two Years-compIeteIy Ola.
oouraged-Pe-ru-na Proves the
Right Medlcne--Advlce to
Suffering Women,

THE majority of women who are suf-
fering from disordered periods and other
female troubles, have such strong faith
In doctors that they allow them to ex-
pertinent on them for kidney, liver or
stomach troubles, until they become com.
pletely discouraged and their money is
gone.
This was my unfortunate experience
for nearly two years when my attention
was called to Peruna
Il hardly dared believe that at last
mad found the right medicine, but as
kept on using It and was finally cured.
l could only thank God and take coura se
Il have had most satisfying results
from the use of your medicine and have
advised dozens of women who were suf-
fering with woman's ills to use Peruna
and let the doctors alone, and those who
have followed my advice are better to-
day and many are fully restored to
health"
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1905-09-17

FOR THE ORPHANS Several thou
sand tickets for the picnic to be given
at Smiths park September q for the
benefit of the Orphans home at East
Lake have been sold and the manage
ment feels assured of large financial re-
suits. The price of ticket is only 25c.
KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.-Brm
ham council No 625, Knights of Columbus,
will meet In regular session tomorrow
night. Grand Knight Frank p O'Brien
has requested the members of the eoun-
ell to attend the dedcating services at
the Church of Our Lady of Sorrows this
morning at 10 o'clock
DIRECTOR TO TALK. Irving W. Lar
rimore, the new physical director of the
Young Mems Christian association. will
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1905-09-17

TO CALL CASE TOMoRRoW-The
case of William Galloway, the negro who
Is said to have held up and robbed
negro mute, will probably come up to-
morrow in the inferior criminal court
1T was postponed yesterday.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1905-09-17

81 used three bottles of Peruna which
has completely restored me.
II also gave 1t to the children and 1t
cured them of sore throat.
my husband also uses it, as it is a
safeguard.
1T has been three years since we first
began taking Peruna, and l shall always
keep it on hand.
81 have always recommended Peruna."
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1905-09-17

DR.. Hartman's Advice.
Any woman who reads these lines and
feels that her case is described In whole
or in part by the above symptoms should
lose no time in giving Peruna a fair trial.
Address DR.. Hartman, President of
The Hartman Sanitarium, Columbus, 0.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
DECISION AFFECTING EXPORTED
FLOUR MADE PARTLY FROM
IMPORTED WHEAT.
HARD TASK FOR CUsToMs OFFICIAL;
MUST ASCERTAIN QUANTITY OF
FOREIGN MATERIAL IN MAN
UFACTuRED ARTICLE.

Washington, Feb. 3.-The attorney
general has rendered an opinion in
whit h he holds that drawbacks may be
allowed on exported flour made III part
from imported wheat ~ also holds
that evidence Of books Of account may
be used to establish the right OF a
manufacturer to q drawback.
The attorney general holds in effect
that drawbacks may be allowed or
-four produced in part from imported
wheat, provided the customs oIf1ciais
can identity the foreign material ans
can ascertain to their satisfaction by
the books OF account or otherwise Tie
Quantity OF measure Of the foreign
material a&tuaIly present in the con-.
Dleted article.
The attorney general says that hi
pressing the opinion that the evidence
OF books OF account OF the nanufac.
turers is alone sufficient, without the
ala OF other evidence, to establish the
rights Of the manufacturer to the draw
back. lie says he expresses no opin
ion on that subject, as The nature O!
the evidence disclosed By them is No.
before him. The amount ami chaTac-
ter OF the evidence which ShGtili BE-
required is within the administrative
discretion Of the secretary Of tho
treasury.
VIII PRONE Els CHARGES
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
WILL PROVE HIS CHANGES.
Illinois Legislator Says Someone Is
Going to Prison.

Chicago, Feb 3.-ReDresentatiVe
Frank d. Comerford, who made
charges Of wholesale corruption in the
Illinois legislature, arrived in Chicago
during the day from Springfield and
added to his sensational statements.
''One man at least is going to the
penitentiary as a result of the in
Quiry, he said 81 will make good my
charges. Il have the name of the man
who was offered the bribe as we'll as
the briber.'
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
COMMITTEE TO DEVISE MEANS
TO CARRY OUT EMPEROR'S
UkAsE REPORTS.
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES FAVORED
INCREASE SENATE'S POWER AND
ESTABLISH A LOWER LAW
MAKING BODY.

London, Feb. "a dispatch to a
news agency from st. Petersburg says
the report OF the committee OF minis
means Of giving effect to the emper.
or's reform ukase of Dec. 25 makes
many important recommendations, es-
powers OF the senate over the minis
ters and safeguarding its independ
ence, urges that the right already be.
longing to the senate OF legislative in-
itiauive should be enlarged and fayors
the establishment OF lower adlninistra-
tive tribunals connected with the sen
ate
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
Entertainment Was Good.

Rev. Fulton Of Warren and
Rev. Nicol Of Thief River Falls
gave a lecture at the Presbyter-
ian church last night and the.
edifce was crowded to hear their
discourse on the people, habits
of life and peculiarities of India,
where they expect to go next
summer to take up missionary
work. The lecture was illustrat-
ed with stereoptican views Of the
country and proved very inter
eSting.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
STATE OF SIEGE CONTINUES
Factory Districts of Warsaw Strongly
GuarGed.

Warsaw, Feb 3.-The mornin s
passed quietly. The factory districts
are strongly guarded by troops. War
saw continues in a state OF siege.
All The bodies Of those killed in the
riots have been removed from their
homes to police stations. The rela-
tives are not permitted to bury them.
From the police station in the Novi
Swat district alone the corpses of
fifty men and two women were taken
Monday night in four hospital vans
to the Jewish, Lutheran and Catholic
cemeteries and remained there for
Identification until Tuesday, when
they we're buried. Twenty-one bodies
are still unidentified.
During the riots of Sunday and Mon
day the workmen's residence district
was unprotected by police and the
"hOoligans' seized the opportunity to
plunder many dwellings. A large body
OF WOrlmen Wednesday went to a
suburb where criminals abound and
instituted q rigorous search of their
homes. Wherever they, were able to
identify stolen property the worllmen
promptly killed the persons who had
1t i'll their possession. About hun
dred other criminals were injured in
fighting with the WOrkmen. The lat
ter were not only actuated by revenge
for their losses but were enraged be-
cause the 'hOoligan' element brought
discredit on the strike movement
A telegram from CzestochOwa, Rus
sian Poland, says all the factories
there are closed and serious disturb
ances are reported to have occurred
The socialists are very strong there.
The Warsaw-Nienna railroad shops
are closed.
At Pru2kow / 200 men are on strike
All the factories are closed at Ka-
1isz.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03

Mrs. Chas. Campbell enter
tanned at Cinch last evening.
Favors were won by Mrs. Wash
burn, Miss Mabel McTaggart,
George Markham and Rob Nc
Lean. Covers were laid for
thirty. All report an enjoyable
time.
Mr.. and Mrs. NJ. A. Clark gave
a party at their home on Mime
sofa avenue last night and a
large number of their friends
were present.
W.. Clark of Peabody, Kansas,
is in the city the guest of his
brother Judge M. A. Clark.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
Killed Two Wolves.

Louis Tegner of Buzzle town
ship was in the city today and
this afternoon claimed bounty at
the court house upon two large
male wolves which he killed near
his home in that township. Mr..
Tegner reports that the brutes
are unusually numerous this
winter.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
BIG Dance March 8.

Scott Stewart has employed
the Bode-Fisk orchestra, a
famous musical organization from
Wisconsin, to appear at the City
Opera house in this city March
9, to furnish music for a grand
ball and concert to be given un-
der his management on that
date.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
Commissioners Finish Session

The board OF county commits
.sioner last night adjourned, after
having transacted a large amount
of business. The salary of the
supervisor of assessments was
placed at s. per day yesterday
afternoon.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
Condemned Woman Reprieved.

Waterbury, Vt, Feb. 3.-Mrs. Mary
Rogers, who was to have been hanged
Friday for the murder of her husband,
has been reprieved until June 2. The
governor said the reprieve was grant
ed in order that opportunity might be
given for a new trial
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
Iowa Banker Found Guilty.

Des Moines, Feb 3.-Day Dunning,
head OF the wrecked Citizens bank of
Mount Ayr, Ia, was found guilty by a
jury on a charge of fraudulent bank
Ing. The jury was out seven and one
half hours.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-02-03
Judge LELAND Returns.

Judge Ueland returned this
afternoon to his home in Mime
apolis after having spent a few
days in the city looking after the
interests of the Minneapolis, Red
Lake & Manitoba Railway COM
pany for which he IS attorney.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20
Singing Convention.

The Anderson County Singing Con-
vention Will meet with Barker's Creek
Chnrch, some IL or - miles southeast
OF Anderson, and 4 miles from Honca
Path on Saturday, September GOth, and
Sunday following. All singers come
and bring their books.
Have letter from Prof. A. J. Sho-
walter, of pa ton, Ga, a part of which
peg to publish. 1t is as follows:
dear Sir: ! have been commission
cd by management of the Georgia
State Fair Association, to be held In
Atlanta. Ga. October 0-2l, 1905, to
arrange for special Singers Day for
Friday, October -. 1905, the n an be-
ing to have an all-lay singing OH that
day with barbecue dinner, to be fur
nished by the Fai. Association, to all
who participate in the singing. Tie
program will consist of general chorus
singing conducted by myself, inter-
spersed with special pieces rendered d
by the singers OF each county having d
sufficient number Of singers present to
make good chorus"
All persons wishing to attend the
singing in Atlanta are requested to
report at the singing at Barlser's Creek
either in person or by proxy. The
music to be used in Atlanta will be on
hand at the convention. =
John Eskew, President.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20
The Governors Reply to TilIman's Charge

Columbia, Sept. l7.-Govelno nor Hey
ward was asked tonight what be had
to say about Senator Tillman's speech
at Marion. Although on his way to
Virginia for his family, he did not like
to leave the State without responding
to the request for his views. He re-
piled that hs had read the report of
the meeting and added: -! have Meth
ing to say IN reference to HE remarks
concerning me, except / will do my
duty as see it.n sl$at., \ :, }..
Continuing, the Governor said: "The
legislature appointed committee &C
investigate the affairs Of the diBpen-
sary and this committee has been
probing for facts, though the work is,
aB yet, unfinished. It 10 not my pur.
pose to be go unfair as to remove the
dispensary by the legislature. when
such action on my part would be based
on arumors as to their official miacon-
duct and dishonesty. But I do not
hesitate to say, as / have said already,
that II proof is produced, " hich Will
justify me under the law in taking
action, ! will act, and act promptly.
In reference to the Senntor's charges
as to m;smanagement as to the conduct
the charges he .enumerates, have been
specifically entrusted by the General
Assembly to the committee for full in
yestigation. g5 \ !. !. ,'.=9I' y
81 am Governor of the State and i
Propose to discharge the duties Of my
ofnce In such manner and atsgeuch
time as / think right and proper. s,
am not uDmindfnl OF the Importance
OF this situation, but ! certainly pro.
pose to adhere to my own convict
ions "a to the proper discharge of my
-. sE = FNf -
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20
Court Proceedings

The fall term of the Court of Cen
eral Sessions convened Monday morn
ing at 10 o'clock with Judge Chas G..
Dantzler of Orangeburg, presiding.
The Judge charged the granG Jury
briefly In regard to their duties, after
which they retired to PAS upon the
bills given out by Solicitor Boggs,
upon up to the time of adjournment
yesterday afternoon.
The State vs.; Joe Washington, mur-
der. True bill
The Stat vs.. West Hagood, larceny.
True bill.
The State vs. Kate Newell, murder.
True bill.
the ,I: State VS.: Dan Hill, highway
robbery and larceny. True bill.
The State vs. j. II. Richey, II. F..
Rlchey and Young Il. Richcy, resist
ing an officer, and assault and battery
with intent to kill and carving con-
cealed weapons. True bill.
The State Us. j. II. Richey, X, r.
Richey and Young K. Richcy, assault {
bill.
/ The State vs. Luther Woodson and
Harriet Burgess. murder. True bill.
The State IS. Charlie Bryant, arson.
True bill.
The State rs. john J.. Shaw, Jr.
JOhn L. Sllaw, ST., Lavinla Shaw and
Virginia shay, resisting an officer, and
assault and battery with intent to kill
and carrying concealed weapons. Truo
The State w. Miles Cox, arson. True
bill.
The State vs.. Emma Frazier house
breaking and larceny. True bill.
The State VS.. c. 81. Watson and j.
w. q. Watson, dispGsing OF property
under lien. True bill.
Tho State vs.. w. G.. Adkins, OBJ.
structing neighborhood road. No bill.
The State vs.. Frank Sims. assault
ana battery with intent to kill. True
bill.
The Court was engaged all day Mon.
day in the trial of A. j. Sanders, of
Pehd'eton, charged with murder. The
case cane up for trial about two years
| ago, when the jury was unable to agree
upon verdict. A mistrial was order
ed, and the case has been continued
from term TO term until it's trial this
week. MIR. Sanders killed a negro
whom he had arrested and who was
trying to make his escape. The case
aas attracted considerable local inter-
est. The jury returned verdict Of
not guilty.
The case of West Hagood was taken
up yesterday morning, and the jury
was Instructed to bring in verdict Of
not guilty.
In the case of the Shaw family
charged with resisting an officer, and
assault and battery With intent to kill
and carrying concealed weapons, the
jury found them guilty on the first
connt and not guilty on the others
Dave Chapman. charged with viola
tion of the dispeDsary law, was found
not guilty.
The cases against Kate Newell and
Joe Washington, charged with murder.
were continued to the next term, of
of court.
The case of tho State against Frank
Sims, Indicted for assault and battery
with intent to kill, is bow being tried
and will 60 to the jury this morning.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20

Evidently ths legal Y procedure
against the officials and others CON. q, i
scerned in the leakage ii III the lt u, cotton
reports, prepared in the, bureau: 4: 81 IL sta.
\. tistica attached TO the nasional des
parttrae'nlt trIs q Of 'agrisulture, N is to sbtaI IS
3.Sll1 s3t.Shll1orcugh and unsparing. The arrest
t of Z Peck ham, the New York: lbroksr
sSnhalrssd with mpiicity inthe Frauds.
81 IL ffgiioVsd Sby ahe issuing Sf 4 warrant
Sss fss ssh She arseals3I of c. IS. Holmes, 3, 'the
former associate Of atistician sof tha
aspartmenf and numerous other Ii ,in. m
sdictIasn 81 and arreats afs il ssiixhtS:; so
that there u III sascnablo certainty M tl,at. M
every paris 81 the onapiraac,y viii III "a
held answerable t to ;sho laW q All, "a mn.
S:iishsa as ths uatura 81 his tifenseIIra. H
anirsa. is is }pf M I sslis 1T 81 tsaostI Isim poS.
tagce that jnsti ice houla Il Sbs - d stsrniy aa
wind dieaasd ihs th esa 81 e5 foS !
Jpt 81 he Do ncs1 1os 'tlis. Ia i ia,v
that sisJ At stil ke but I'll q ss,reL N
sef psopps stans saTfl cf Soifi icsai I,o,,s
consid atioA WhiShs sss ssSs tha III
Erentes
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20

When it comes to sensational state.
ments in psychology and sociology,
commend us to Chicago, where they
seem to discover more things which
are not 80 than any other center OF
the globe. One Of its learned edu.
Gators has just announced that man is
back number, that women are in
creasing in numbers and potentiality
beyond men and that the males will
soon be driven back to the farms for q
ohance to get living. He makes the
categorical statement that more girl
babies than boys are born and that
women have, according to returns in
the last two census years, leaped from
atrife less tRanfou millions Of wage
earners to more than five millions.
Well. what Of it? FL 5.s s
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20

i h.r - Nv - IS .. & 4
The Baltimore American pays this
deserved tribute to the noble band of
physicians {it should have added
nuraes) who are hravins death for
humanity's sake in New Orleans every
day: mopg the heroes Of the day
1nust be counted the Louisiana ply.
sieians who are fighting the battle Of {
she people against che dreaded aeourge,
and who wiil.not give up the fight,
even when stricken themselves. II
often takes moro courage to face
plague and peasilenoe 10 the 'sick-
room than danger on the field, for ia
the former case there is none Of the
excitement Of the fray nor the pros.
peet tof glory 70 winsin5 the end. It is
simply the sacrifice of life and Of: Al,
that makes life worth living at the
call OF duty 4 and many d hero of the
battle field would shrink Sin fear Ard
ioathing from the danger fearIessly
ity's cause. 55Is3
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20

The ;nec:mRtion comes from Wash
ington that tho commissioner of in
ternal revenue has rendered a deois.
ion that will seriously effect mum.
ber Of patent medicines composed
largely Of distilled liquors. He has
reversed tho ruling Of his depart.
ment, made many years ago, and now
decides thai manufacturers Of these
medicines must take out licenses as
reosifiers and liquor dealers and that
druggists and others handling them
viii have to pay the usual retail liquor
Dealers license.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20
Oconee Win Vote on The Dispensary.

a special dispatch from Seneca,
under date OF the 18th, inst, says:
To-day County Supervisor Hobson
signed an order for an election in
0c9nee County on the question 0f
'D!spensaIy' or. NO Dispensary.' The
Kew. &. WarIlaw has been the prime
mover in securing this order. 1t is
confidently y expected that the dispen-
sary at this place and Walhalla will
be voted out by a majority of two to
one; There are only two dispense ries
III this county and most of the people
are delighted at a chance to vote them
out
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20
Ajways Liberal TO Churchaa.

Every church will be given liberal
quantity. of l.. &C NJ. paint. Call for il. -
gallons Lougman d. MARTINEZ L. 4
NJ. Paint mixed with three gallons lin.
seed oil, will paint q house. :.
w. B. Barr, Charleston, w. Va. writee.
painted Frankenburg block with &. &
NJ: stands out as though yarnished.n
Wears and covers like gold. al
which you do In ready-for. use paint,
Buy Oil fresh from the barrel at &C
cents Per gallon and mix 1t with L. IS Al.
It makes paint cost about Sl.20 pef
gallon. Sold by F. B. Crayton, An
derson; 7. L. Hopper, Bolton; II. @. Jack
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20

The Grand Army Of the Republic
will contribute to the complete unity
and good ellowship Of the sections
by holding its next annual cncamp.
ment in southern city, and Atlanta
is the city.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1905-09-20

1t is openly charged that there is
graft in the Government Printing
office, and that Uncle Sans printing
bill which ran up to the magnificent
total Of seven million dollars last year,
could easily have been done, and just
as we'll, for three millions.