The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1905-08-01
Took
Beef Production.


types of steers. The bulletin gives
the result of years feeding test with
steers of the beef and dairy type and
includes the slaughter test and meat
demonstration, the latter by Mr.. Jno.
Costing. The investigation sought to
prove which is the most profitable type
of steer for the feeder, and considered
both the amount of gain and the
value of the finished steer. This is
what is considered beef type:
Beef Type-An animal of low set,
compact. blocky general appearance,
displaying vigor in the general bear
ing and carriage, without any indica-
ton of restlessneSs or nervousness.
in form short and broad in the head,
broad in muzzle, with large nostrils
and large mouth; the neck short, thick
and very smoothly blended with the
shoulders; breast full and wide; Shout
ders broad, yet compact at top and
smoothly covered with muscle on
sides; back and loin broad with fore
ribs arching wide to give width at the
crops body deep, wide on floor OF
chest, and with capacious middle, in
dicative of generous feeding capacity;
rump long, wide and carrying width
of body out of uniformity to tail;
twist, deep and plump; the thighs
wide as viewed from the side, and
thicn as viewed from the rear Bone
in head and limbs reasonably fine
and free from meatiness or full
ness below the eyes; skin, soft and
pliable; hair, soft and silky. Natural
flesh (the thick, muscular covering
over back, rib lOin and hind quarters,
and upon which the value OF finished
carcass ultimately depends) should be
present in abundant amount; and with
all this, the disposition to eat and
sleep all the time is of the greatest
Importance
Dairy Type-An animal usually
trif1e high from the ground, rather
unsymmetrical because OF light hlnd
quarters and of rather nervous dis
position, but very vigorous. In form,
of fair width in forehead, but long IN
face; nostrils large; muzzle, wide;
mouth. large; the neck, rather long,
not smoothly and compactly joined TO
shoulder. Shoulders rather bare, mar
row at top, practically sharp at with
ers: body deep but lacking in width
on top. due to deficient spring or
fOrerib and narrow lOin; stomach very
capacious indicating roomlness Tor
food. Hook bones usually somewhat
prominent; rump, long and fairly
wide. but lacking in filling; twist,
deficient in depth and plumpness;
thighs rather narrow as viewed from
the sides-in some instances decided
ly incurving on rear line, and as
viewed from behind greatly lacking IN
thickness. Bone in head and limbs
usually somewhat coarse but occa-
sionally very fine; skin soft and pill
able; hair soft; covering of natural
flesh on valuable parts very lacking,
decidedly thin over back, loin and In
hind quarters.
1t was not intended to consider
comparisons of breeds, but it was
thought best to select pure-bred or
high-grade animals. These were two
pure-bred Angus, two high-grade Here
ford steers purchased from represent
alive breeders and two Holstein and
two Jersey steers brcd at the college
farm. The experiment lasted full
year and the steers were only dry fed
the entire time so as to know the
exact amount of feed each steer con-
sumed. Mixed grains and mixed hay
were fed and during July and August
cox,o corobup, was ipc1udpd The