davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH DEDICATED
Building of St. Michael the Archangel, in
Brooklyn, Cost with RectOry, 1924, 900

the building of the Roman Catholic Church
Of St. Michael the ArchangeI. at 4th-ave. and 42d-
st. Brooklyn. dedicated yesterday The church
and the rectory. ground for which was broken in
May, 1901, cost $274.oOO The pastor of the parish
is the Rev. William T. McGulrl
The dedication procession which began outside
of the main portal at 10 o'clock. was headed by
Bishop Mcdonnell, attended by Vicar General Nc
Namara After the various parts Of the structure
had been blessed Bishop Mcdonnell celebrated a
high pontifcal mass. The Rev. William A. Gard-
of st. Fnbar's Church, Bath Beach. was the
deacon and the Rev. William ]. White. of the
Church of the Visitation. subdeacon. The
mitre bearer was the Rev Monsgnor p. F. OTIare
Kelly. of st. Johns Chapel. master of cere-
monies A sermon delivered by Bishop Hen
messy. of Wichita, Kan. The church was crowded
to the doors.
In the evening solemn high vespers were cele-
brated by the Rev. John !. Barrett. secretary of
programmes had been prepared for both services
The parish of St. Michael founded by Bishop
Michael Hickey and Monsign6r o'Conneil The first
church. wooden structure, built by Monsignor
OConnel The Rev Henry A. Gallagher who took
charge of the parish in 1883, planned the church
that dedicated yesterday. He moved the old
church from 4th-aVe. down into 42d-st. and after
acquiring additional frontage in 4th-ave broke
experimenting the construction of the church
Father Gallagher took cold and died He was sue
The church is Of the Romanesque style OF archi-
lecture. It is 175 feet in length and has a width
lI5 feet high. In the interior Tennessee marble
wainscotnE rises to a height of 20 feet. This IL
surmounted by broad band of Sienna marble
carved at the top The altar. pulpit and main altar
rails inCrusted with mosaic. The ratings and
gates of the side sanctuaries are of bronze Back
of the main altar is marble carving of the Cruci-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
PHOTOGRAPHY IN SCHOOLS.
D. W. Walton Disagrees with Some Points in
Ell. Magill's Letter.

To the Editor Of The Tribune
Sir. In YOUR issue OF last Thursday. Mr.. Edward
II Msgu pIeads somewhat earnestly for the teach
ing Of phonographic shorthand in the Public
schools With all of his plea I heartily concur but
there are one or two conclusions and one mis-
statement in his letter with which I must join
issue.
Mr. Magiu argues that the photographic short
hand system identified with the Hfework Of Mr..
Renn Pftman should be the system to he adopted
for educational purposes. and this because MI
Benn Pitman's adaptation of his brother isaac
Pitman's system comes nearer Mr.. MaguIs ldeaI
than the system developed by the original inventor
The facts are that Isaac Pitman first published
HE svsten, in 1887 greatly improving it in the i'm
rnediateIv succeeding editions and finally. in the
tenth edition. of 1857, he made radical cnanse IN
the representation Of two of the novels TINS chanse
being the basis OF Mr.. Magills argument Just
before that viz in 1853 Mr.. Benn Ptman pub
Iished the Isaac Pitman system in America out
for obscure reasons he never adopted Isaac PIT
mans improvpments-and they were positively I'M
movements. not only for certain theoretlc rea-
sons" but for very substantial pracuCal reasons
also The proof of this depending upon Isaac Pit
MANS intimate knowledge OF the structure of the
English language and the recurrence of certain
vowel sounds under certain average conditions.
Ru+ apart from the merits of the improved vowel
.are Nr MasfIl is positively mistaken when he
;,tir,ates that toward the end Of Isaac Pitman
life. he expressed intention to revert to the
earlier vowel arrangement. l was one OF those
who took part I'm lively photographic Controversy
a few months before Sir Isaac PitTan dleq; ana a.
+bis is doubtless the controversy To which Mt.
Magf refers. and as was supplied with the an
noUncements issued by all parties in that discus
sion I can positively say that there was never any
suggestion made TO revert to the original Nowei
sole as now used in some Of the American adapta-
lions such as Benn Pitman's, Grahams and De
ment's The main point in that controversy was
tho re- -iptro5uction of some word forms which had
beens tried and rejected by an earlier generation
NM which in view of intervening notifications
seemed at that later date to be more acceptable
than formerly -, -, ,,,..,..
one of the peculiar merits of the Isaac Pttu1a \
exsten, is that Il gradually developed and
brought TO its present state of approximate pei
feCti6n not as a result of the work OF one man
hut with the assistance OF SHORTHAND practitoners
oil ovar tho world. Isaac Ptmau was always
studvine 10 improve his system, but he never IN
trodilced any radical change without nrst announc
ing il broadcast and consulting with leading writers
li s ~ toUogra nh,. DUDLEY ". WALTON
President National Association OF Isaac H1tman
Shorthand Teachers and Writers.
NeW-York. Sept. 29. 1Yoo
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02

generation that comes after US and phcnotapy is
to be the printed form. Words are - 10 sTss9i1sd
as they are pronounced and pronounced as fhev
spelled and thus children are fsIfgb4 - -,
In half the time: aud with half the labor maj "a
now required " We viii an adhere 70 one form -
phonogra ply. and keep an fancisd ir-o+-s.sa.'
this result will be secured. Let III not make the
serious mistake Of surprising that pho1ogrann, h
for reporting purposes. II s true reDoTfers ,y,a,
use # to great ADVANTAGE. but It should b. he
writing In universal use To Introduce 50 fn1rorta5 =.
a reform. must not change. in the slightest The
forms now used in the American system Of phouo9
raphy. IL is called by Commissioner Harris -
Bureau Of Educston-t. O.. the form vsa6 -,
Benn Tftman "a younger brother Of IsaarJ ana
Jerome =. Howard. in the Photographic Institufe
Cincinnati Let no Erzshman. settled IN Nau
York elsewhere. dictate to the American rrbi3-
what books they shall in teaching phonozra1b[
but let have the American photography "a
Americans in this generation, and with no faucisI
modern improvements Let this ha invarIah1s
rule: Uniformity in phonogra phy. And after this
is continued for hundred two hundred or thras
hundred years. gradual improvements may vifb
great care and caution. he introduced Let rs no
longer burden children with method ~
spelling. regardless If sound. but teach them -
pronounce they write and write they pro
nounce Lot also remember that photography
is not for reporters only but for all who have or-
casion 10 read write the English langusgeI- =
for All. Yours behalf Of the afflicted children.
EDWARD n MAGILI
Elk President Of STarthrnore CoIleEe
New ors. Sept. ~. tS15.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
DR.. UPPER BEGINS PAsToRATE.
Successor of DR.. Lorimer in Madison Avenue
Baptist Church Outlines Plans.

With service notable for its simplicity and en-
tire lack Of ostentatfon. the Rev. DR.. Kerr Boyce
Tupper for more than nine years pastor or the
First Baptist Church. of Philadelphia. began yes
terday morning mis- pastorate of the Madison Ave
nue. Baptist Church 31st-st and Madison-ave.
Dr. Upper attempted no doctrinal exposition.
Instead of preaching sermon he outlined 10 d
congregation comfortably filing the big auditorium
a statement of what would. during the term of his
pastorate. constitute the religious platform OF the
Madison Avenue church. DR.. Upper said:
Nov it is an established fact that every church
of Jesus Christ must have specific or individual
popularity Of its own. Trinity Church, down al
the head Of Wal-st., has mission. The Brick
Church has a mission which the Madison Avenue
Baptist Church could not perform This church
has a mission reason for its existence, which
neither of the other two have. church that
does not discharge its mission be
divinely guided.
There are some fundamental essentials which
every church ought TO reveal, be it country or
cosmopolitan. large or small. The first, il 10
me, is that il must be composed only of re-
generated but Of consecrated men and women. A
church succeeds. as God considers success. that
church surrenders its will to God. RELIGION is es
sental in a mans life
The most powerful agency in the world to-day is
cooperation. Germany, united by Bismarck, Is a
great power. The United States is what II is be-
they have the cardinal principle OF co-opera-
ton and consolidation which is so fine an example
of loyalty.
Lastly. l think that a church should have loyal
and aggressive service, along with unfaltering
love for the kingdom of God. Such church will
mean in the future just what put into it.
well as in hearts. Into the church must be
put some of the enthusiasm. shall we say the vim,
which the business man puts into his business. ths
politician into politics and the society woman into
society
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
Books People Are Reading,

PHILADELPHIA FREE LIBRARY.-Philadel-
phfa, Sept 29,-The books most read this
week follows;
History-Fiskes Dutch and Quaker Colonies IN
America; Bryants 'Scribner's Popular History
of the United States; Asakawa's 'Russo-Jap-
anese Conflict
DessTiIPti9n and TFayedays asan Days
tons italian Letters Of Diplomats Wife"
Biography Whites autobiography; Moore's
Dixon's THE Life Worth Living
Miscellaneous-Shaw's Plays Pleasant and IN
sunny side Of the sfr 5 Gondons war of
the Classes; Painters History Of Education
Maintenance
Observation-Disclosures 'Nedra": Hopes "A Ser
Richardss Mrs. Tees VIII
THE CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY.-washing-
ton. Sept. 2e.-The following list of books
called for indicates the tastes Of readers in
the Library of Congress this week;
History --Thayer,s "A Short History Of venice
Myers Medieval and Modern History: De
Descriptive and Trave1-stead's Great japan;
Stevensons Travels with Donkey: Barring s
With the Russians in Manohuria'' Lozer's
FIction-Long's ''Heimwah"; WIlliarnson's My
Trepoot'': McCaIl's The Breath Of the Gods:
Gissing's "Vreanilda-''
Miscellaneous Aloore's American Diplomacy: It's
Near; Pryor's -'E9en minis Of Peace end
War Kenyon CoX's old Masters and New.
BUFFALO PUBLIC LTBRARY-Buffalo, Sept
29-According to the demands made at the
Buffalo Public Library during the last week
the following named books were the most
popular:
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. "A Daughter OF the South;
Hewletts The Fool Grant; Won Hutten's
Pam; Thanet's The Man Of the Hour
Juveniles-True's Scouting for Washington; Tap
bour's THE Book Of School and College Sports;
Sharp's "A Watcher in the Woods
Miscellaneous - Drummond's The Voyageur';
Moody and Lovett's First View of English Lit
erature": GrenfelFs The Harvest OF the Sea-;
Henderson's THE Children of Good Fortune"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02

NTw-YoRK PUBLIC LBRARY--The most
popular books OF the week, according to the
demand at the circulating department. are
as follows:
Adult The The. MSE ar Of Till m1
crafh's The Man on the Box"
Juvenile FIction-Alcott's Little Women; Lang,s
s15ue Fairy Book; Clemenss Tom Sawyer"
zr,.,srJ.n.ous-Potter's Art OF the Louvre: Spen-
GERS ''Principles Of Education; C1ari's Text
book on Commercial Law"
RosroN PUBLIC LIBRARY-Boston. Sept
2s.-Among the books most frequently in de-
n1and at the Boston Public Library during
the week were the following;
E1ctton-Hichens's The Garden Of Allah: Rices
sandy W VILE ;1 The Frn1sss Fasses h
sr RSif Of the Gods: Mitchel ae constancs
sevant of the R1b l9 OF chesnu
colonels Dream hPctts kR 33oc at a Vent.
Terence 0Rourke,. Gentleman AdventqTer'.;
Howells's Miss Belard's Inspiration; Al dem
den's THE Hundredth Acre"
&iscellaneous-Jerngan's China in Law and Com
Gorea and fs caGoasus TsTbells History Of
the Standard or: Washington,s "Tuskegee ana
Whi fHIg.e The outiook Besntifur' waddsra
-Lhasa and Its Mysteries; Monsterbergs The
CHICAGO PUBLIC Chicago. Sept.
2-The most popular books among Chicago
readers as SHOWN by the oeI1anoS at TIC
public library during the last week are as
follows:
Nszrznoes-McGrath The Man the Box;
Thurstons 'sThe Masquerade: Wards The
Marriage OF William Ashe"; Wilramson's The
Princess Passes
z1xsery and Biography-Riis's Theodore Roosevelt
the Citizen; Theodore ThoTnas'S "A Musical
Autobiography Barry's Port Arthur, a Mon
xter Eeroism''; Stlmans Autobiography OF
Journalist
sfysaturs and TraveI-Landon's The Opening of
Tibet" Johnson's Highways and BYways of the
South; Joubert's Russia It Really Is;
Eearn's Japan. Attempt at Interpretation"
Scientific and Socioiogical-Book automobiles;
Naeterlinck's Our Friend the Dog; Whites
The Mountains: Hunters Poverty
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02

in New England For many years he was pastor
of South Church. Worcester. Mass. Under his MN.
istry that church gained more than eleven hundred
members. He resigned from that church on &c
count OF Ill health and went abroad During the
summer he has been preaching I'm London, Eng
land
The South Church was opened yesterday for the
winter. Many missed the Rev. DR.. Roder1ck Terry
who recently resigned the passionate.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02

pleasures OF the world will find their influence anu
dominion him growing stronger so me hi hIs
VINO learns to pray 20 God however weak a ~,
vision of God may be. will find Gods nolo ue az
his life growing stronger. and will become IN ia
deepest and trUest sense, a follower OF the H'
Jasfla
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
LIKELY TO CALL DR.. a. z. CONRAD
Well Known Preacher Enthusiastically Re.
ceived by the South Church.

Tie Rev. DR.. a. 4. Conrad will act pastor Of
the South Church. at Madison-ave and 3Sth-st. for
the next five months. and II certain very good su-
thorltes in the church obtain his call DR. Con-
rad Will become the permanent pastor. Yesterday
he most enthusiastically greeted by the mem
hers, many Of whom had come into town from their
country places for the services.
DR.. Conrad is one of the best known Clergyman
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02

succeeded. after two years Of experimentation.
in producing q black ink that ne regards as
thoroughly satisfactory. and red which. though
not brilliant IS full clear and Of absolute per
,asnency. He has also been experimenting in
the rnanufa ctUre Of machine made paper that
should equal tho hand made product used by
Thitdnghan1, Pickering and others of their
time For the books not printed by hand small
cylinder press Of newest pattern has been in
stalled Mr.. Rogers is in Europe on
search for new and artistic type, hand made
paper and other material
A new volume by Henry George, jr, with the
title of THE Menace of Privilege" is to be
brought out in November by Macmillan. It's
aim is 10 cover the whole ground Of social eco
nomic conditions in America to-day, and to treat
the theme in scientific spirit but of course
in accordance with economic views already held
by the author.
The Scribners are publishing this week a vol
ume of religious thought by the Rev. W. R.
Richards. the successor of the late Maltbie D.
Babcock in the pastorate of the Brick Presby-
terrain Church, New York. It is called Gods
Choice of Men: A Study of Character" The
treatment of the theme is said to be ethical and
practical rather than doctrinal.
. In his new story Of Georgia life, issued this
week by the Harpers. Will n. Harden takes as
his leading character and his title pole Baker"
the kindly humorist who has already become
familiar TO the readers Of "Abner Daniel" and
THE Georgians."
Professor Frank J Goodnow, Of the Depart
n1ent of Administrative Law in Columbia Uni
versity has written book his special sub
jet which is just out with the Putnam imprint
It is entitled THE Principles OF the Admins
trative Law of the United States" Professor
Goodnow sets forth the principles Of law. as
found in the Constitution. the statutes OF the
legislature and the decisions Of the courts which
govern the organizations and actions of authori-
ties having the duty Of executing the law and
provide remedies for the individual when such
officers have violated his rights. The book is IN
tended not for the practising lawyer. but for the
student of American institutions. No attention
accordingly has been given to technical legal
questions. except when the author has deemed
such consideration necessary to correct under
standing of American institutions.
The revival Of the Spanish patio in the res
toration of the inner courtyard to modern
houses is shown in an illustrated article by
Una Nixon Hopkins in the October Crafts
man." the pictures being from California ex-
amples. While the climate of the Pacific Coast
as wen as historic association lend themselves
most readily to the revival of this architectural
idea In California, the style is one which could
be adopted with much comfort and delight in
summer homes ii the East
DIT f. B. Meyer, the author Of The Directory
Of the Devout Lie" RevelD. believes in putting
his pious theories into practical effect. and has
lately purchased the old Nelson Coffee House in
London. with the hope of making 1t the entering
wedge FOR the rehabilitation of the neighbor
hood
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
LITERARY NOTES.

Platform speakers IN search Of illustrations,
as well as those who Ike to take their reading
in homeopathic doses, VIII doubtless welcome
Thou1zs whittaker's announcement Of q volume
Of zone Thousand and One Modern Anecdotes
by Alfred H. Miles, the compiler Of the well
known book Of "one Thousand and One Anec-
dotss."
DR.. Lyman Abbotrs sermon on The Person
atty Of God" which created a deal Of news
paper discussion when It was delivered last
spring before the students of Harvard Univer-
sity, has been brought out in a small volume
by Thomas 7. Crowen & Co. Read IN its com
plete form the address seems to be far less
revolutionary than It was reported to be at the
tina
A revival Of Uncle Renus has risen I'D in
fhe person of Uncle Bob" whose 'remins-
cences' are recounted by Laura Fitzhugh Pres
ton tn a volume published by the Grafton Press
End illustrated by r F. Outcault the recorder
OF the doinss OF the redoubtable Buster
Bruwn-" Uncle Bob is said to be a real darby
and famous parsonage in his section, having
reached the advanced age, according to his own
rather uncertain reckoning OF 1O4 and the yarns
are stated to be faithfully set down as spun
by thts ancient survivor OF vanishing type.
eaThe Complete Works OF Abraham Lincoln
comprising his speeches. letters state papers
and miscellaneous writings. edited by John g.
Nicolay and the late John Hay being
brought out in a and enlarged edition by
Francis D. Tandy. New-York with a general
Introduction by Richard Watson Glider The
edition viii contain a mass OF new material
which has been brought 10 light since the orig
snal publication of the work eleven years ago
Notable examples are the "Rebecca letters"
leading up to the duel with Shields. some Of
I.incoln's early poems, the report of L.incoln's
campaign IN Massachusetts,. two speeches of
Douglas preliminary to the debate proper a large
number of important letters to statesmen and
General officers Of the army and hundreds Of
personal letters hitherto unpublished in any edi-
4for Of Lincoln's writings. some of his early law
arguments and important speech before the
Illinois Legislature in 1887. Among the special
introductions, in addition TO the general one by
Mr. Glider. are Horace Greeleys Estimate of
the Career of Abraham Lincoln" Charles Sum
ner's Abraham Lincoln and the Promises of
the Declaration OF Independence" Phillips
Brooks's ''The Life and Character Of Abraham
Lincoln" Robert IngersolPs The influence of
Abraham Lincoln and Henry Wattersons
'Abratam Lincoln as Man Inspired by God"
The Riverside Press editions TO be issued this
autumn by Houghton. BIif11in & Co. in addition
TO the"Love Poems of John Dome" already an
saounced In these columns. include Sailors Mar
ratives of Voyages Along the New-England
Coast edited by George Parker Winship, ana
Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey" The
publishers have lately established a workshop
devoted exclusively to the production of these
me books and Mr.. Rogers. under whose direc-
ton the work is carried on. states that he has
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
MARIA E. DIN PURSUANCE OF

N - - Hon Ahrr- c. Thomas Surrogate q
49, ,9,1tT nf New York notice Is hereby given ~ a.
tns ,.,y claims against Maria E n kulL ste %
he t,ount, oC New York, deceased g present tne sane
lte thereof 10 Subscribers AZ tnstr place
Win r,eireSs at the office n Francis y Butter
So r-oa3vay I'm the City Of New YORK. on or before
the 49, g. YORK the S1st day If August. 1905.
ta'V NANG. Carl. Helm, Administer eFs
.,,.7S BUTLER Attorney f7r Administrators ~
IA Srosdysy New York city.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
y OF AN ORDER OF HON.

York notice hereby given 70 all persons aa'Is
Ss1s+ Firrsr5 Mock lstJ Of the County % Yea Tors
Sscsassd 10 p-essn; the time. with vouchers lest
q tranSacttnE business AT
me - C-sCster 4 Mlnter Nassau street,
T2orouEb OF Manhattan, IN the Ciy OF Ne" 4'A OF y
bsfora7 ne nth DAY OF october next go
dated Sew York. the 18Th day o. April -
LA'S4 - EMMA MOCK Administrators.
CRAcAUER < MJerER At[SGnsys ioJ Aai'iii'Slr - =
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
OF An ORDER OF HON

Abrer c. Thomas. Surrogate - The County Of NsV
York notice is hereby given r. l-rns HaL!ng 5
lyman =h1-- county
Work deceased 70 present -r= TltF rou11ers mere
s1Hz-riHs- # business
81 ne nfF-a ~ JoIin- La-s- Hs---7rs. No - WsH
Borough Manhattan in The city or NeN
York on Or before ire DAY or April. 1900
y--E -5-r ~ september, 1893
Dal@i w w LIVINGSTON SHORT. ExecutrV
70, nj ,PE-T% : EsTER0NE. Attorneys for ES-
a,,+riv ~ ;. Wal s. Borough II Manhattan, city
----
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
q OF - ORnFR D. HON

Abner G Thomas Surrogate of rhe County g View
York notice is hereby given 70 all persons having csn9
against Albion K BOlan. late q the County o. NsT
York deceased present with vouchers there
Of 10 the subscriber cficA Of W7Ests & Cullen
IFS attorneys No 20 Nassau Street. Borough Of Mar
its place ~ rrz1sa-tt1g business
on or before the Both day OF March 1908
Dated New York, September -. 1919
THE PEOPLES TRUST CONPANI. Executor.
WINGATE & CULLEN Attorneys t'r Executor, o1lfe
Postof7ca address ~ Nassau Street. Borough ~
MANHATTAN. New YORK Irrv
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02

vu, - Ey,zssr.Id. a surrogate q TIE Soa PsySs
New York notice is hereby given 30 sssd 10 present
claims AGAINST Frank1yn FadtccA .rCr,sv Tor the
yb sifS Vouchers hereof 60 the ~ ,-sasaet-
subscribers. Robert X ttoN'. h, IRE OF Rev
a. h,siness No Nassau StiSet, On -
Yerk on OF before the Sd DAY Of oSt Sa.s 1895
Da'ed Nc" io'N- '' LINCOLN TRUST SSG2r1s~<
LTNIE LOUISE PADInNS.na::
Administrator ana Admin sso.S sesessed-
OF the Estate Of Franklyn FSU4VN~
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1905-10-02
SurrOgate's Notices.
E OF AN ORDER OF HON.
T. GEORGE DoDwOB

IN PURSUANCE OF AN ORDER OF HON.
Abner e. Thomas. Surrogate u the County - New
York hereby given all persons having claims
against Thomas T. JoUrdsn. late Of the County Of New
York present the with vouchers thereof
subscribers their place Of transacting business
the Office OF Merrill & Rogers No. 81 Nassau Street
Borough Of Manhattan in the city Of NaTYork- on e
before the ninth dsy of April
Dated. New-York the 26fh day Of September. 1905
THOMAS J. NEACT.
ANNA ". NEACT.
MERRILL & ROGERS Attorneys for Executors. q
NFa-rl rra- - -