davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1905-12-16
Happenings in Heath
Springs.
Liberty Hill, Russell Place
and Other Nearby Points.

Mr.. M. Y. Cauthen is having
material placed on the ground
for two more brick stores adjoin
ing the ones he recently COM
pleted. We understand that
the post Office will be kept in
one of them, when finished.
Mr.. II. P. Mobley is having a
nice residence erected in "West
end" near that of Mrs. Minnie
Mobley's and Mr.. j. E. Creed's
That part of town is building
up quite rapidly.
MIR. A. F. Hammond is plac.
ing material for the erection of
a residence on his farm near
Russell Place.
Mr.. E. l.. F. Magill is build
ing a residence near the school
house at Russell Place. Indeed,
there is quite building mania
in that section.
Mr.. s. w. Heath, who has
purchased the old home place of
Hon. Jas. r. Magill, is having
the old house torn away and
will replace it with a more
modern and up-to. date structure.
At The Hill, Mr.. J. B. Cure.
ton has moved into his new
residence on the Heath Springs
road. Mr.. d. w. Stover of
Russell Place occupies the house
vacated by Mr.. Cureton.
DR.. P. B. Hall, whose marri.
age was noted in The News, has
rented rooms from Mr.. II. II.
Halle, and lives on The Hill
We welcome the Doctor and his
charming bride to our village,
and hope that their lives may
be long and prosperous.
Miss Bessie Mellow, of Lam
casters graded school, recently
visited relatives on The Hill.
Cashier E M Croxton, of the
First National Bank of Ian
caster, and his assistant Mr..
Curtis Mackey, recently visited
Heath Springs.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Adams,
of Jones x Roads, visited their
brotner in-law, Mr.. J. M. Cren-
shaw, some days ago.
G. r. G..
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1905-12-16
GOnzaleS Monument UJn=
yelled.
The Shaft Erected by Popu-
lar Subscription Unveiled
in Columbia.

Special to Spartanburg Herald :
Columbia, Dec. The
monument to the memory of Mr..
N @. Gonzales was unveiled to.
day with fitting ceremonies. The
following program was carried
out:
Long meter doxology by a
selected choir.
Prayer by Bishop Capers.
Hymn-'My Country, TITS of
Thee
Address by Mr.. w. A. Clark
president of the Gonzales Monu.
ment association.
Monument unveiled.
Grafton by the Rev. Samuel
M. Lmith D. D.
Monume ) formally presented
to the city by Mr.. W. A. CLARK.
Speech of acceptance by Mayor
T. 81. Gibbes.
Benediction by the Rev. w.
Q. Lindsay, D. d.
The oration by DR.. Smith was
indeed a splendid effort and was
considered by those who heard 1t
one of the finest things of it's
kind ever delivered in Columbia.
The monument is a granite
shaft, 25 feet high. The cap
and die increase the height to
40 feet. 1t stands at the corner
of Senate and Sumter streets. 1t
is very artistic piece of work.
The following are the inscrip.
tlons on its sides: West side,
directed by popular subscription,
tribute to the worth and serv-
Ice Of N. g. Gonzales, Born Aug
1858, Died January 1903"
"Faithful Unto Death"
North side: "a Great Editor
and Eminent Citizen and Honest
Man. Without Fear and With
out Reproach. His Fellow Citi-
zens have Reared this Monument
TO Perpetuate his Memory"
The south side: Founder and
first editor of The State. For
twelve years he conducted it with
signal ability and conspicuous
courage, a potent voice for civic
righteousness, an influential fac
tor In every movement for the
welfare of the people. "The
measure of success is not what
we get out life, but what we
leave behind" "From an edi-
torial in the State Dec. 10, 1900.
On the East side a quotation
from DIR. j. G. Hollands poem, ,
sSGOd give us man.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1905-12-16

There are said to be several
cases of smallpox about Waxhaw,
N. c., two of the sick being
white men.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1905-12-16
A. M. E. I. Conference

Now in Session in Lancas-
ter--The Proceedings--Ad-
dresses Of Welcome--Re-
markably Fine Financial
Showing--The Presiding
Bishop.
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

-oFA1oN IN ENGLAND WALES
POUNDS ID. - -
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19
4 1H1zAlz-gZ.zH lzQp. or Ml5ZxLC.

the jamaican hunming God Save the
Queen" asked one Of those Jamaican
darkies why he said Queen" as Ed
ward was King. The negro would not
believe me until others told him that
hfs Queen was dead. He had been at
the isthmus for fifteen years and of
course never read a paper. More than
70 per cent of the workmen cannot
write, public writer's occupying seat
at court and doing a remunerattve bus
mess.
The bands of Iaborers are in charge
of white men. generally engineers. The
men are very willing and polite. A
blacksmith shop on wheels travels up
and down the strip to sharpen and re-
pair broken tools. Water boys carry
water for the laborers; the men work
from six to nine, and then breakfast at
ten; they work until eleven and from
two to half-past five p. m. When canal
work is at its height it will require
about 5000 men. At present there are
$500 laborers busy. not including 1000
mechanics, engineers and others: One
thousand tons of powder and dynamite
are required to finish Culebra cut.
The idea of cutting the canal across
the isthmus dates as far back as the
sixteenth century. The first actual
survey was made in 1881 by Antonio
Peretra.. In the year 1920 San Diego de
Marcado submitted an elaborate report
to the King of Spain, bur that monarch
sileneed further discussion. saying that
the will of God was made manifest by
the fact that He had created an 18TH
mus instead of strait and that it
would be impiety for man TO attempt
to unite the waters Of the two oceans
which God had separated. In all at
least twenty-five projects OF the kind
have been advanced.
In 1879 two French engineers, Wyse
and Reclus, advanced the proposition
of digging sea level canal A con-
gress of engineers, scientists and capi-
talists met at Paris and, after thor
oughly considering the question. adopt
ed plans. 1t was estimated that 252O,-
100000 cubic feet Of earrn would have
to be moved and that it could be COM
pleted by 1888 at a cost Of S125, ,0O0, 900.
In 1879 M. Ferdinand de Lesseps, who
built the Suez canal in 1868. became
interested in the scheme, and in 1881,
at the head of a company, he COM
menced operations.
The company figured on constructing
sea level canal, and estimated that it
would take eight years and cost $685.
000,000. The company received $3.50. .000,-
600; it expended s154, 900 900 on the istn-
mus on excavating, machinery, making
surveys. etc. The directors drew a sal
ary of $4,000 year each and were al
lowed $50 day for expenses. At the
company's expense they built residences
costing from 100000 to s150,000 They
also had Pullman cars that cost $42, 900
each and palaces for offices In Paris,
Panama and Colon.
In 1891 the crash came; they failed,
with less than two-fifths Of the work
done. In 1894 the receiver transferred
the property to a new company, which
obligated itself to complete the. canal
and tc pay the old stockholders so per
cent of the net receipts from the income
derived from tolls until the old stock
holders, numbering more than 200. 900.
were fully paid.
With that understanding all the
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

profits should be allotted to education.
IniS constitutes the famous "Roch-
dale system" of organization. The
one important violation of this con-
st1tution by modern co-operationists
Is the breaking of provision 8, relating
to the giving of credit. Organized in
the delicate manner that it is, to be
safeguarded by faithfulness among its
rank and file rather than it's officers,
this tick" buying strikes directly at
Its heart and, keenly realizing this,
certain leaders are now arrayed in
bitter opposition to the rapid spread
ing of credit among the retail dealers
1t Is a noteworthy fact that the
early agitatorss for liberal education in
England were forced to find their en-
couragement among the lower classes
The definite percentage proposed
by the poverty stricken ''pioneersp
was faithfully kept, being sometimes
3 per cent, but usually 21s per cent, of
the society's profits. In 1903 $780,
GOO was spent for this purpose The
work includes children's classes,
teachers classes. university extension
lectures, scholarships, technical
classes, reading-rooms. circulating and
permanent libraries, literary and de-
batting societies. concerts andt many
others. 1t is the greatest Of the social
benefits of the movement. 1 had a
spienulu cndnee 10 inspect certain CO.
operative extension courses. and the
interest and attendance at the lectures
would be- healthy example to some
OF the audiences in a fashionable ex-
tension center of London's suburbs. 1t
was wish to further this interest
that gave purpose for 'woman's or
ganization," and now the Woman's
Cooperative Guild is an element of
enormous strength in factory santa
tion investigation and all cooperative
agitation.
The criticism usually directed against
cooperation has been TO accuse 1t OF
profit hunting" OF hiding selfishness
under a socialistic mantle. A plain
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

laborers to different places along the
canal
The negroes are a good natured.
happy, don't care sort of people, fully
realizing the dangers. especially during
the first few years. the work will
bring.
1t is said that $4,000 laborers are
buried up in Monkey Hill, the ceme-
terry near Colon. During that fearful
year Of 1888 $4,000 men were buried
there. Although the Government has
made experiments with Chinese and
coolie laborers, the Jamaicans, it was
found, can bear the hardships of the
climate better than any other laborer.
They require very little to eat; tropical
fruits grow in abundance. They plant
their yam, a sort of root, which when
poiled tastes not unlike potatoes. A lit
tie yam and banana or two. some
times a little rice, constitute a laborer's
meal.
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19
Profit.

give you letter TO Mr.. Grey, the gem
eral secretary of the Cooperative
Union" took the letter gladly and
left for Manchester.
Manchester is great, gloomy, fog
grimed city OF smoke stacks and stone
wharves. 1t. not London. is the heart
OF England. Taking Manchester as a
center, within a thirty-mile radius is a
population of ten millions; London
cannot say the same. Grouped within
few miles round the city are suburbs
of 100000 and 10000. each a powerful
milling community. full Of the soul OF
hard work. devoid of a leisured class.
and making England commercially
great and to be feared as it has been
for zoo years. In Oldham, with LIE. 900
people. was told there do not live
more than $50 who, have not worked
with their hands. So, when co-opera-
ton selected Manchester for. head
quarters. 1T had gone to the place
where no socialistic theory is received
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

Arriving at his quarters, the first
thing negro does is to dig for silver
As there are no banks in the country
Pears ago the laborers buried their sil-
Yer around their quarters. So many
died that considerable amounts have
been found by their successors and the
search for treasure has become second
nature to the negro. ~
They are willing workers Each
camp has comrnissary depot. where
supplies are to --be. had; the larger
camps have their own slaughter house,
where fresh beef can be obtained
In case Of sickness they are well
taken care of, either at Ancon or at
Colon; every afternoon the funeral
train, consisting of an engine, ca
bcose and boxcar, passes over the line,
to put the sick in the caboose, the
Head in the boxcar. All laborers are
buried at Monkey HILL A curious
grave on top of this cemetery can be
seen from the railways, that of "Bohio
Dan," who requested that he be buried
standing up, facing the railroad track,
so as to see the trains pass. His re-
quest was granted.
Old, rusty machinery is being re-
paired, tracks are being relaid, the To-
comotive's whistle sounds through the
jungle.
All along the line of the canal from
Colon to Panama there are magazines
or storehouses filed with machinery
and rolling stock, such as dirt cars, To-
ccmotives, railroad supplies, etc. One
thousand machinists are at work re-
pairing machines, building sidetracks
near Cuiebra, which VIII greatly facili-
tate the work. The great steam shovels
are excavating at surprising rate to
the onlooker. Culebra has a peculiar
formation of earth and basalt rock.
which is very hard. Diamond steam
Mantle those portions which cannot be
excavated by dredges or the strong
steam arm of the shovel.
The old Belgian engines are very use
full here. The trains of cars are run on
track beside the steam shovels or
dredges, and the dirt is dumped miles
out In shallow places. The old machin-
cry strewn along the canal strip is
valued in all at s1s,937, 800 43. Think of
it! Near s20,000.000 wcrtn of scrapiron.
A foundry at the isthmus could do a
fine, remunerative business.
There are five sections in the zone"
-Ancon, Empire, where the marine
soldiers are stationed; Gorgona, Buena
Vista and Cristobal Throughout the
section all laborers are paid in silver.
They earn about 81 so silver a day, or
75 cents in American money. They are
housed free, and almost every one has
family. All nations are represented.
There you see the Spanish negro, the
type mostly found; the Martinique dar-
ky, with his sweet French accent, and
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

statement Of the principle Of co-opera-
tion would be: ITO eliminate the
agencies between himself and the prime
cost or the essential elements OF de-
gent human conditions-pure food. COM
lortaote clothing, pensions. etc"
This seems to allow the criticism, but
the second principle, ITO accomplish
this fundamental object bv honesty and
lar dealing" vindicates at once the
association. There are few factories
and few stores in Northern England
tnaL nave not felt the salutary influence
or the competition Of the roony, we'll
ventilated and well-warmed mills and
stores of the society.
The hours OF labor, the honorable
treatment of employees by foremen, has
made the work places of the society
mucn sought after. and the example
mas helped where legislation has been
poWeriess. There are 97,321 employees
or societies in the union, who received
In 1903 s17.7OO,00O. The criticism OF
profit hunting" might be, and Is, a
danger among the associations OF
Workmen producers" The tendency
there might be to cut their own wages
ana scale down necessary expenses IN
order to better fight the outside COM
petition. The unions have to watch
these organizations closely, lest they
establish wage scale below the stand
ard OF life, but in the cooperative con-
sumers' associations, which are bound
first by the unions. and second in their
own natural capacity as working men,
not only is this tendency absent but a
sympathetic treatment of all factory
reform Is the rule. While the vigilance
OF the c0-operatives' upper officials IS
not uncertain. the direct Incentive to
strict supervision is. of course. absent,
and, to replace it. the societies have en-
deav0red to build up an esprit de corps.
a voluntary personal integrity. by open
treatment. And the success OF this en-
deavor Is the best indication OF the
stability Of the movement
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

sale Society handled s220,00O,o0o. In
all the population of England Al per
cent are members of the Cooperative
Union. Leaving out OF consideration
our strength compared with the vol
ume of English business, YOU can
easily see that as a unit Of absolute
strength we are a powerful factor.
Now go out and putter through our
wholesale department and the offices
here, and when you get full OF ques-
tions, come back to me-
I was furnished with guide and
went into an immense block OF brick
buildings, lodging between the drays.
whose teams carried the big &c. w. 8.
of the society on their harness. The
three letters were to become very ia
miliar, as they appear on everything
about the plant. The wholesale de-
partment, exclusive OF its productive
work employees, has some 1000 men and
women employed The establishment
was in appearance like well ordered
and immense private concern. Respon-
sible, well-paid men are In charge, lack
of industry is an immediate cause for
dismissal of clerk, and member OF
the society is no more entitled to q po-
sition than any outside applicant. It
is run on hard business rules. In only
three characteristics are the Offices
different from q private firm. First,
they keep in semi official and sympa-
thetic touch with the unions, observing
the union wage standard, and usually
being a closed shop. Second, they.
by declaration, promise extreme sani-
tary comfort to all employees, even to
free hospital attendance, both en1er-
gency and convalescent, and. third.
the wholesale department sells to no
retailer except retail cooperative
stores. In English cooperation. as
distinguished from Scotch, no premium
on profits is paid to the laborers. all
of 1t going to the consumer. Union
wages, or better. are paid, with in
some places a weeks holiday year,
with pay. The society. with great
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19
he POWER Of COOPERATION IN THE BRITISH ISLES

clearsight, always endeavors to keep
employment continual, and fights
against the disastrous iapses in work
so frequent among private firms.
Cooperation has achieved in material
advancement a growth exceeding even
the enthusiastic dreams of the "Roch-
dale Pioneers" and, before discussion of
its economic qualities, a short table as
given above is necessary in explaining
the development. The figures are TAX
en- from the official renorts to the Co
operative Congress of 1904, and are en-
tireIy faithful.
The consolidation of societies gives in
some years (1SS7, 1909 a false impress
sion of loss in numbers.
Industrial cooperation is a slow fight
of years, stable because time has sea-
soned its structure. First be 1t known
that English cooperation is in no way
connected with Socialism, factory own
ership by the workers or trade union
ism. Each Of these three has its
organization. The society is one purely
of consumers, who, through their CEN
tral organization. or by their own local
society, have become factorJ owners
and operators. curious in the fact that
they make only for themselves. -
In 1860 the father of cooperation. the
Rochdale Pioneer Society, published
the following principles, all of which.
with one unfortunate exception, form
the basis for the present Organization:
l..All capital shall be of their own
providing.
2. Only pure provisions should be
supplied, and in full measure.
3. Market prices should be charged
and no credit given nor asked a.-
4. That profits" should be divided
pro rata upon the amount OF pur-
chaseS made by each ,,aav,, bar
8. "one member one vote in man
agement, and equality Of sexes.
8. That the management should be
III the hands of officers and commit
tees elected periodically.
Z. That definite percentage of
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

with inattention, and where legislation
affecting penny values is worth bitter
lighting. Ride through the endless dis
NAL factory streets in Yorkshire and
Lancashire. and you know why men
will starve in striking for better hours
or against a reduction in wages. The
two objects compose their entire hori-
zon.
In big brick building in the heart OF
Manchester / found the head Office of
the Cooperative Union. and got my
letter to Mr.. Grey. Mr.. Webb's name
is recommendation anywhere in the
English labor world. and within a few
minutes I was in the presence of q
square-faced man in a very brilliant
vest, who was seated at a table
swamped in documents. charts ana
printed stuff. In minute / knew the
union was most assuredly safe in its
secretary. st think" he said, "you
had better know what we are, and
what we have done. first: then look
around" He reached for the report of
1904, and read: I'VE number In Eng
land 2.116.127 co-operationists, belong
Ing to 1911 societies. To the Co-opera-
tive Union belong 1888 OF these socie-
ties, and these figures relate to this
latter number: The sales In the union,
wholesale and retail societies, in 1908.
were about $445, 100000, with profit to
consumers of $46,G00, 00o The English
wholesale house here In Manchester
sold slO0,000,000 worth 81 goods, with q
profit OF only $1,750,00e. Notice the
immense saving to the consumer in the
retail business. The production of the
mills and factories belonging to mem
bers of the union sold for about $40.-
100000 last year. The produce from all.
cooperative institutions in the year
was about $So,000.000. The recently or
ganized bank of the Manchester Whole
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

IKE the phenix arising from
4 its ashes, the Isthmus of Pana-
ma has awakened of late to new
activity. A few years ago the
visitor could hardly meet fifty
people crossing the zone" To-day
workmen are clearing the jungIes.
making roadways and repairing the
old dwellings for occupancy. Every
steamer arriving at Colon brings hum
dreds OF negroes, mostly from ia
maica and Fortune Island, situated in
the Windward Passage. They leave
their families at home, to send for
them later as soon as each has a home
prepared. Once such a family arrives
1t generally stays. They are rounded
together in groups Of fifty, the port
physician examining them very close
ly. Afterward they are given in charge
OF the proper agent, who conducts the
The San Francisco call., 1905-03-19

Aggregate ....................S14 S142. 342. $40
This estimate Is for the completed
project. A canal begun upon this plan
may be opened to navigation earlier
than expected IL single instead OF
double locks be used and the bottom
cost will be reduced s26. .401. 1854, and the
estimate becomes SIZE, ,941, PA.
At Bohio will be located a double
flight Of locks, having a total lift vary
ing from 50 feet at the minimum level
Of the lake to 80 feet at the maximum,
45 feet to each lock, the normal lift
being IS feet.
These locks are on the location adopt-
ed by the French company The esti-
mated cost of this flight OF double
locks. four lock chambers In all. Is &c.
902, ,345.
The Pedro Miguel locks will be SINH
lar to the Bohio locks, the aggregate
an excellent rock foundation here. The
estimated cost of these locks, including
an adjacent dam, is s8,496. 326.
The Miraf1ores lock varies from Is
feet at high tide to 38 feet at mean low
tide. There Is a good foundation for
this lock- A spillway will be required
to regulate the height Of this level
The estimated cost OF this lock Is s5,-
12O,36 Lake Bohio will be an artificial
lake, covering 81 square miles. Its
waters will be from 55 to So feet deep.
The dam will be built of earth and ma
sonry. and will cost SO. .7S6.44s.
Alhajuela Lake viii cover 5000 acres.
and will be 165 feet deep. The dam will
be constructed Of masonry. and will
take nve years 70 complete. at cost Of
$3.50 900. 1t will furnish motive power
for operating the locks and lighting the
canal at night from ocean to ocean. In
ciud1ng the cities OF Colon and Panama.