Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-03-19

emigration from the European CDun-
tries to the United States and other
countries OF the world is discussed at
considerable length in British publi-
cation which has just reached the De-
nartmcnt Of Commerce and Labor
through its bureau OF statistics. The
discussion in question is part OF an
elaborate document issued by the Brit
1sh Board OF Trade. the title OF the
chapter which discusses emigration
being. Emigratio from the Chief E,l-
ropcan Countries Tho following eN-
tracts from the discussion present the
more important Of it's conclusions, ana
especially those which relate to the
United States:
The migration Of population from
ono country to another is affected by
Il number OF complex causes. The
whole volume OF migration of course
depends largely on The distribution
throughout the world OF density Of
population. climatic advantages, and
wealth Of natural resources, together
viii tiiCllllCS Oh communication ne
tween tho moro ana less denscly set
'lcd and naturally favored regions.
As regards the volume and Grcc-
ton of the movement from any partic-
ular country. much depends not only
on tho natural resources and ficlI Of
employment. but also on the national
temperament and characteristics. the
standards OF living of the people, and
the existence in oyer-sea countries of
populations OF similar or kindred char
actor
so far as emigration is purely
cconcmic movement tho main factors
which determine the changes iii it's
volume arc two-the state Of the laGor
market in the country from which the
cmlErant starts and the state OF the
'abur market in the country to which
he goes. But emigration is by no
means an exclusively economic move
ment Other causes. such as political
or religious persecution. have operated
IN many Wei Known eases to- encour-
age the transfer OF population from
one country to others. Broadly speak
ing. however, the economic element in
migration is usually by far the most
important, and even in the case Of en-
isration to escape burdensome laws
te. g, the Russian Jews or German
Socialists). the time and direction of
the movement is determined largely
by changes in the labor market in
oversee countries.
"A study of fluctuations in CONNER
cial activity and employment in the
principal countries leads to the CON
clusion that among the principal ad-
vanced commercial countries the gen
cral waves Of initiation and depression
are to considerable. and perhaps a
growing extent, simultaneous, though
the effect OF these wide movements of
expansion and contraction may be
often complicated and disguised in the
case Of particular countries by purely
local causes. e. s., the effect of war
or other disturbance, the discovery OF
gold or mineral resources, good or bad
larvests. and so forth. To these local
variations in the economic conditions
affecting emigration arc to be added
! the local political causes already adj
verted to, which may tend at one time
or another to stimulate or retard the
migration of population.
These considerations would lead is
to expect that the total volume Of en-.
isration (say) from all European coun.
tries will follow some more or less def
mite law depending on the state of i'll
uustrial activity in the world generally.
and especially in the oversee coun-
tries which arc INC chief recipients Of
cmigrants. while the flow from ana to
particular countries will he also at
3 fcctcl by local anu special circnnl-
stances, which in many cases may be
even more important. Examples, both
h OF the general and local factors in en-
iSration will DC found in succeeding
parts Of this memorandum.
"A few OF the leading results may be
thus briefly summarized:
Since 1876 Che first year FOR which
Tho statistics OF net British emigration
can be givcn) there have been two
great periods of activity III European
emigration, The first beginning about
$50 and lasting for the succeeding
ten Or twelve years. and the second
beginning about 1893 or 1900 and still
continuing. Separating these periods
was period Of comparative stagna-
ton, from 1893 TO about 1898. Thus
tue recorded emigration from the prin-
clpil European countries for which
continuous records arc available was
100000 in 1882: in 1894 it was only
23A.0OO: i'll 1902 ithal risen TO 81 OO0.
Though by no means the whole Of This
stream is directed to thc United
States, the alternating periods of in
i)ation ndSdeprcssion in America have
been tho most potent single factor in
the situation. The financial and iii.
'lustriai collapse OF 1893 suddenly Iii.
1ninisbcd the capacly of America to
absorb labor. This was FOLLOWED; by
&C.,
California, s48.25, via Southern Rail.
way. 81
Smnherp, Hallway will sell ,lail,- ~.
I'll May 18th, onc-way coIonist tickets