davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07
INCOME AND EXPENDITURES
No Need of Tariff Changes Until There
Is General Dcmand-Economy
Is the Thing NecdfuI

There is moro need of stability than
of the attempt to attain an ideal per-
lection in the. methods of raising reye-
nue.; and the shock and strain to the
business world certain to attend any
serious change in. these methods render
such change inadvisable unless for grave
reason. 1t Is not possible to lay down
any general ruletby which to determine
the moment when the reasons for will
outweigh the reasons, against such a
change. Much must depend, not merely
on the needs, but. on the desires, of the
people as a. whdfe; for needs and de-
sires are not necessarily identical. OF
course no change can be made on lines
beneficial to, or desired by, ono section
or one state only. There must be some-
thing like general agreement among
the citizens Of the several states, as
represented in the congress. that the
change is needed and desired in the
interest of the people as a whole; and
there should then be sincere intelli-
gent. and disinterested effort to make. 1t
in such shape as will combine, SO far
as possible, the maximum of good to
the people at large with the minimum Of
necessary. disregard for the special In
terests of localities or classes. But In
time of peace the revenue must on the
average, taking a series of years to-
gether equal the expenditures or else
the revenues must be increased. Last
year there was a deficit. Unless our ex-
penditures can be kept within the rev.
enues then our revenue laws must be
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07

readipsted n 10 30 ve+ too earI,, ~
nsaehpa 20 ouJ bn,. whst saape SUCH
vet TOO early Ia saw whetber thera VIII
be need for 1t. 1t Should be considered
whether it is not desirable that the
as against or in favor i,f any other. ,f,a
tion '1naxinii1m md minimum tarsfS rates
estabiished bY the congress-. so as to So
cure a certaip 'recinroSitx, = M ,treaf mont
between other nations, and ourselves.
eenno ot p natr ehan ,d o. ma puf e
ment ha u,aii Mnu ~. 'nrrEsn,
nhont c,ossr co,, =, a,ciai eanrecSinmss
With the other peoples Of this continent
Won that Rnss,o ~ now treo an ,,s nn ina
most -favored- nation IN sis s's 10 oi' 'n'
- ~ - ioi' p''s'e'
Economy lie Necessary
earnest,v reca,,,,ona ! tho oon1res.
tha ea aaa reeoinmenu 70 tt vi co.,giess
ene ,, iysu ., efononf anu 20 .,ls emu ~
tx s . sstl " !. sour
, ,ioa, one OF ING speGlne maI.ers Al I'M
i rrfcessarN oilees snouiu DC ap9hsneu;
o on aereconsnends the aoonSnneht OF
s ens 1 ONES OF receiver OF pupiic MoIegs
efrect sa " aYat oiioeS ESQ AZ, ~ a
llsil non uoiiars year As tne BUSINESS ness
~ she ha.ioii sroWs II Is lnevitapie .has
i .aer g., stioulu ne from TINE 70 TIME 9
officials. and this fact renders i ali the
more ini0oNant that When 9Hces pS-
G4,ns uIihecsssary IheS snauiu pe apoi-
iarer. s rn .me Punao prHa.ins aisu
There is a Constantly growing Tendency
to publish masses Of unimportant infor-
nation. 1t Is probably not unfair to say
that many tens of thousands of vol
umes are published at. which no human
being ever looks and for which the ID
no real demand whatever.
False Economy JJnwarranted
". ,s.-.,.,.- .....-....- =
j.. fst, IN speaking OF economy, must
m ~ no W., wise pc understooa as ,adYt3lcatnS
the most extravagance To cut down
on me. navy, TOT instance, would pc
crime agalnst ine nation. Io IAN 70
push forward al work on the Fanama
canal would pe as great a foiiy. 800
- N H., my message OF Decemoer . lsVS'
10 tns congress. SAID:
interest rates are q potent faEtor IN
business activity, and IN order thar these
rates rates may De equailzed TO meet the va
Tying nesas OF the seasons and OF wide-
~ separated communities. ana TO pre-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07
FREIGHT RATE REGULATION
Unjust and Unreasonable Charges
and Rebates Must End

am we'll aware of the difficulties of
the legislation that I am suggesting
and of the need of temperate and eau
phaticalIy protest against Improperly
radical or hasty action The first thing
to do is to deal with the great corpora
tons engaged in. the business Of inter
message Of December 6 last, the I'M
mediate and most pressing need so far
as legislation is concerned, Is the snact-
such supervision and regulation Of the
rates charged by the railroads of the
country engaged IN interstate traffic as
the imposition of unjust or unreasonable
rates tt must include putting a COM
plete stop to rebates In every shape and
form. This power.to regulate rates. like
all similar powers over the business
world, should be exercised with rnoder-
alton. caution, and self-restraint; but it
should exist, so that 1t can be .effec-
lively exercised when the need arises.
Power Should be Affirmative
The first consideration to be kept In
firmative and, should be given to some
administrative body created by the con-
gress. If given to the present interstate
commerce commission or to a reorgan-
lied interstate commerce commission,
such commission should be made I'M
equtvocally administrative, do. not be-
lleVe IN the government interfering WITH
private business more than is necessary.
| do not believe In the governement UNI
dertaking any, work which can with pro-
priety be left in private hands. But
neither do believe in the government
flinching from overseeing any work
when it becomes evident that abuses are
sure to obtain therein unless there is
governmental supervision. 1t is not my
province to indicate the exact terms Of
the law which should be enacted; but I
call the attention Of the congress to GER
desirable to deal. In my Judgment the
most important provision which such
law should contain is that comforting
upon some competent administrative
body the power to decide, upon the case
being brought before it, whether given
rate prescribed by railroad is reason
able and just. and If 1t is found to be
unrea sonable and unjust, then, after full
investigation of the complaint, to pre-
scribe the limit of rate beyond which it
shall not be lawful to go-the maximum
reasonable rate. as 1t Is commonly called
this decision to go into effect within a
reasonable time and to obtain from
thence onward, subject to review by the
courts 1t sometimes happens at pres
ent, not that a rate is too high but that
a favored shipper is given too low a
rate In such case the commission would
have the right to fix this already estab-
nshed minimum rate as the maximum;
and 1t would need only one. or two such
decisions by the commission to cure
railroad companies of the practice of
giving improper minimum rates. / call
your attention to the fact that my
proposal is rot to give the commission
power to initiate or originate rates gem
orally, but to. regulate rate already
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07
TOO MUCH RED TAPE IN USE
Business Methods OF Executive De-
partments Need Modernizing

At. various times I have instituted in
vestigations into the organization and
conduct of the business OF the execu-
tive. departments. While none of these
inquiries have yet progressed far
enough to warrant final conclusions.
they have already confirmed, and en-
phasized the general impression that
the organization of the departments Is
often faulty In principle and 'wasteful In
results, while many of their business
methods are antiquated and inefficient.
There Is every reason why our execu-
tive governmental machinery should be
ut least as well planned. economical.
and efficient, as the best machinery OF
the great business organizations, which
at present is not the. case. To make 1t
SO Is task OF complex detail and es-
sentially executive In its nature; prob
ably no legislative body, no, matter how
wise and able, could undertake It with
reasonable. prospect of success. req
ommend that the congress consider this
subject with view to provide by Leg
islation for the transfer, distribution.
consolidation. and assignment Of duties
and executive organizations or parts OF
organizations, and for the changes In
business methods, within or between the
several departments. that will best pro-
mote the economy. efficiency and high
character Of the government work
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07
DANGER OF CLASS PREJUDICE
Both Employer and Employe Must
Temper Struggles With Good Sense

The question of securing q healthy.
self-respecting, and mutually sympa-
thetic attitude as between employer and
employee, capitalist and wage-worker
Is difficult one. All phases Of the la
Dor problem prove difficult when APP
Plies, the root principles. in accordance
with which the problem must be solved
are entirely simple. We. can get justice
and right dealing only Il we put as Of
treating q. man on his worth as q man
rather than with reference to his social
position, his occupation, or the class to
brutal men In all ranks of life. II they
are capitalists their selflshness and
brutality may take. the form, of hard in
differences d to suffering, greedy disregard
feres with the accumulation of wealth,
and cold-blooded exploitation of the
weak; or, II they are laborers, the form
fortunate, and Of willingness to perform
deeds of murderous violence, Such con-
duct is Just as reprehensible in one case
as saa,n ~ the ether h and al honest and far
against 1t wherever 1t becomes manifest
Individual capitalist and Individual
WaYge-Worikter, corporation and union. are
law, and must alike obey the law More
over. in addition to mere obedience to
the law; each man, II he be really q
BOOQ CtllZeI1, must SHOW DrOdQ sympathy
for. his neighbor and genuine desire to
them from the standpoint Of that neigh
Dor no less than from his own: and to
this end 1t is essential that capitalist
and wage-worker should consult freely
one with the other, should each strive to
bring closer the day when both shall
a and aa y Il the dnes
lions which Inevitably arise between
them solely from the standpoint which
treats each side in the mass, as the en-
both wicked and foolish. In the past
the most direful among the influences
which have brought about the downfall
Of the class spirit, the growth Of the
spirit which tends to make a man sub
ordinate the welfare of the public as a
WHOLE to the welfare Of the particular
tute Of loyalty to a class for loyalty to
the nation. This inevitably brings about
a tendency to. treat each man not on his
merits as an individual. but on his posi-
ton as belonging to a certain class in
the community. If such a spirit grows
up in this republic 1t will ultimately
proved fatal to every community in
which 1t has become dominant. Unless
we continue to keep a quick and lively
sense OF the great fundamental truth
worth of the individual man. this gov
eminent can not permanently hold the
place WHICH 1h 1t has has achieved among the
among our people do not correspond,
and indeed run at right angles to, the
lines of cleavage which divide occupa-
ton from occupation, which divide wage
workers from capitalists, farmers from
bankers, men of small means from men
of large means, men who live in the
towns from men who live In the coun-
try; for the vital line of cleavage is the
line which divides the honest man who
tries to do well by his neighbor from
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07
CONTROL OF CORPORATIONS
Il fbinations of Capital Having Come
Ito Stay Must Be Made Subject
to Government

seai Net, while not merely admitting, but
E ssfsisting upon this. 1t is also true that
Fp$here there is no governmental restraint
Ut supervision some of the exceptional
4 eSien use their energies not in ways that
are. for the common good, but in ways
Which. tell against this common good.
RsHishe fortunes amassed through corpor-
III te Organization are now so large, and
PSest such power in those that WELD
them, as to make it q matter of me-
cessity to give to the. sovereign-that Is.
to, the government, which represents the
people as wholesome effective power
t5f SUPERVISION l, over their .eorpora,te, use
Industrial life, every big corporation
should be. held responsible by, and be
accountable to, some sovereign strong
no sense hostile. to corporations. This Is
Ito prevent ali eombination viii lily be i not
SFause Fl the contempt for law which
8ysse failure to enforce law inevitably
sioduces. We should, moreover. recog-
good s eet ampf BY fasnep
seneies in a country, such as ours.
and the wealth of intellect, energy, and
Fidelity devoted. to their servfce;':' and
Therefore normally to the service of the
public. by their officers and directors
THE corporation has come to stay, just
las the trade union has come to stay
Each can do and has done great good
Each should be favored SO long as it
Hoes good. But each should be sharply
ilecked where it acts against law and
Esstice.
Need of Proper Conditions
81 j long as the finances of the nation
As,l kept upon an honest basis no other
#ststion of Internal economy with which
HI congress has the, power to deal be-
tass to approach an Importance the mat
tsss of endeayoring to secure proper in
hstrial conditions under which the In
ltduals-and especially the great cor
sMhtions-doing an interstate business
g to act. The makers of our national
Institution provided especially that the
.gulation of Interstate commerce should
c,Ine within the sphere of the general
,vernment. The arguments in favor of
Seir taking this stand were even then
serwhelming. But they are far stronger
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07
Not an Innovation

/ This is only in form an innovation
In substance 1t is merely a restoration;
ton of industrial, activities has been
recognized in the action of, the law
making bodies; and all that !! propose
is to meet the changed conditions in
monwealth abdicating the power 1t has
always possessed. not only in this
country but also In England before and
Since this country became separate ma
t1Oo t-f fgf't -t Na..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07

with those who
and the only way
give to some gov
power to see that
he unwilling ex-
me by the willing.
vernment body is
,r the effect will
tative answer on
d whenever IRA
It is raised, or
de against 1t are
egislation not only
public but In the
railroad man and
Ike, for 1t Is they
rded by the prac-
nest competitors.
i be enacted in a
ossible from hys-
e Of the American
to the traditions
shall always scorn
hate any man be-
as much as we
t toe make us look
,ntefnp tuously. any
oor.. We judge "a
thai. Is. by his
his wealth or in
is fortune honest
Use u quarrel with
nothing but the
,dmlration for the
nan who behaves
aasimade his sue
amazing a railroad
over that rail-
d men and big
Americans Of the
re dsyeloped to an
certain great bus
are Neither better
fellow-citizens of
are nerely more
and therefore ex-
larly strong temp
atioIIs have not
ng,, the exception
ne Hankind have
to h,M; but they
v N .vower as a
d&sFeveloP mt
z rines,
tiIRnwhich the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07
CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS
Publicity Should BE Required and
Corporations Barred from Maxi u
ing Political Donations

In my last annual message I said,
The power OF the government to
It's own officials is inherent and has
been recognized and affirmed by rec
peated declarations of the supreme
epnment n more - dangero ss and none $50 40
insidious as the corruption of the cleo
torate. No one defends or excuses corr
ruption, and it would seem to follow that
to eradicate it. ! recommend the enact
ment of a law directed against bribery
and corruption in federal elections. Tho
to the wise discretion Of the congress
but 1t. should go as far. as
under the, constitution It is possible to
bride intended to Influence his act or
opinion as an .elector; and provisions
penditures for nominations and cleo
tons of all candidates, but also Of all
contributions received and expenditures
made by political committees.
No Corporation Donations
desire to repeat this recommendation,
In political campaigns in country as
large and populous as ours 1t Is newt
of an entirely legitimate kind. This. of
course, means that many contributions
and some Of them OF large size, must
any big political contest such contribu-
tions are always made to both sides. 1t
is entirely proper both to give and receive
them, unless there is an improper mo-
tive connected with either gifts or re-
ception. If they are extorted by any kind
of pressure or promise. express or im-
pliad, direct or indirect in the way
of favor or immunity, then the giving
or receiving becomes not only improper
but criminal. 1t will undoubtedly be Diff
fcult as a matter of practical detail to
shape an act which shall guard with
reasonable certainty against such mis-
by law the. full and verified publication
in detail of all the sums contributed to
and expended by the candidates or com-
mitees of any political parties the res
suit can not but be. wholesome. All cons
tributions by corporations to any politi-
cal committee or for any political pur-
pose should be forbidden by law; direc-
tors, should not be permitted to use
stockholders money for such purposes:
and, moreover, a prohibition of this kind
would be, as far as 1t went, an effec-
tive method of stopping the evils aimed
at in corrupt. practice acts. Not only
should both the national and the sew
eral state legislatures forbid any Of
ficer of a corporation from using the
money of the corporation in or about
any election, but they should also for-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-12-07
GENERAL WELFARE OF LABOR
oHOuiu Investigate SOH-
dltions of Employment

The national government has as
rule but little occasion to deal with the
-er1uidable group of problems connected
: or les directly with what Is known
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1905-11-18
ONE GOOD RESULT.
Tom Johnson's Commission saves
Human BEING FROM Suicide.

Tom Johnson's Commission saves
Human Beinp Prom suicide.
CLEVELAND, O., Noy 10. The anti
suicide commission has bad hardly any
opportunity to las plans for its crusade
as yet, but Or COOLEY is assured
that one woman has been saved from
self destruction While in other cases
men and women who say they would
have used the pistol or poison against
themselves now have pledged their
word not to kill themselves until the
commission shall hac done what it
can TO make their lives seem worth liY-
ing.
DR. Cooley IS daily answering letters
from men and women who plead for
the commissions help. One wrote that
she had given up all hope; that, lonely.
almost penniiess and without friend,
she had bought the poison that was TO
bring her oblivion
''lf you have no friends, we win try
to find some for you" Or Cooley an.
swered. III you are pennlless, we viii
get you work that You can do. Try to
forget yourself by living for the friends
we will provide. Let us hear from you
at once"
Tie woman is TO have employment
Already she has found friends. She
says she is cured of the suicidal i'm.
pulse
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1905-11-18
A "SoAP BOX" CROOK.
Thomas r. Hardy VIII he Brought
From Germany For Trial.

ALBANY, \. Y, Nov. 16.-Detective
Jackson has sailed for this country
without Thomas f. Hardy, the New
York soap box" man, whose extradi-
ton he has been trying to secure from
the German government. The German
police say that the requisition papers
are correct and Hardy's offense is ex-
traditable, but that their forms will
necessitate his retention for a month
before he can be sent back to America
in the custody of the steamship line.
Their course indicates deportation.
Hardy, alias Charles O'Connell, was
imprisoned in this state for assault
and grand larceny. The crime was
committed by entering bank with a
soap box which enabled him to reach
over the screen and grab handful of
money from the teller's desk. While
being caught he shot an officer Extra
dition was sought on the assault
charge Hardy escaped from Clinton
and reached Germany. There he was
arrested for stealing jewelry aud is
now imprisoned at Frankfort lie has
several years VET to serve.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1905-11-18

sense 81 duty, and when they
do they will speak with thumb
erous tones against Sunday
dissertation. There is not the
slightest reason why Cover.
nor Herrick should not have
done as Mr.. Pattison has de-
clared that he will do. And
because of neglect Of duty and
failing to take seriously the
warning of the good people
Of his State, he was defeated
for re election by a large MAJ
iority in a strong republican
state. An honest, fearless,
patriotic and courageous Off
cial is much more preferable
than a weak, unscurplous and
neglectful republican offices
holder.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1905-11-18

Governor>elect Pattison, If
Oh 10, is to be commended for
the stand he has taken on be-
ing determined to close the
saloons on Sunday. In an in.
terview he said: eve have also
advocated the supremacy of
the law. that all laws on the
statute books should be en-,
forced and obeyed, including
the Sunday laws. When a men,
Der of the State Senate many
years ago, | voted against the
repeal of the Sunday law OPEN
ing saloons, aud in my speech
of acceptance as the Demo>
cratic nominee for Governor.
Sc stated. and emphasiz d it
by saying that | would do so
again, as l be ieye The great
majority of the people of Ohio
believe in tn American Sun.
day and the Christian Sab>
bath
These are words which cons
vey a meaning that cannot be
misunderstood. There is no
doubt but that Mr. Pattisou
win do what he said he would.
al over this country the PEG.
pie are beginning to demand the
enforcement of the law. and
when officials refuse to do
their duty they are usually de
feated. The American Sabbath
is not observed as it should be
Laws on this subject are to.
tally ignored by large corpora
lions, etc. But, the people win
some day awake to their full
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1905-11-18
RAILROAD MAN INJURED.
William Smith Caught Between
Bumpers of Cars.

William Smith. of this city, en-
ployed by the Cumberland Valley
railroad at Intersection. was the
victim of serious accident at an
early hour Wednes lay, when his eft
foot was caught between the bumpe ..
of two freight cars and badly crushed.
He was at work when the accident
took place, aad was helped from his
perilous position by fellow-workmen.
He was removed to the Kings Daugh-
tiers hospital where DR.. Henshaw
and Dr. Baker amputated couple of
the toes. The physicians may save
the foot,
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1905-11-18

The exhibits at The West
Virginia Horticultural eocIety
are undoubtedly the finest
specimens of fruit ever seen IN
this section of the country.
Every visitor is at once struck
with the smootheness, size and
glossy appearance of the apples.
More than a hundred varieties
are on exhibition, and the dis
play was well worth gong
miles to see. One thing, how
ever, was noticeable, that the
fruit raised in the mountain
districts was superior IN almost
every respect that raised In
the heavy limestone soil. ror
some reason this is true. This
should encourage the small
fruit grower who lives in the
rural mountain district 10 plant
more trees 1t has been dem
onstrated time and again that
no industry in which a poor
man can engage that offers
such remunera i've reward as
fruit growing. And there Is
no county in the state which
is more adapted to raising fruit
than this county The man
with good orchard is almost
assured of a good income the
balance of mis- life.