davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20

the summer OF 1903, wrote OF how the
Mann law had closed up about twenty
saloons in the county and that there was
NOT n prisoner In the jail.
1t may be that both Mr.. Swanson and
Captain Willard are alive to the strength
Judge Mann will manifest when the
vote Is counted on the twenty-second Of
August. II they are not aroused by that
time they are likely to wake up with a
start.
ifsThere Is a notable lack OF organization,
among the supporters Of Governor Mon
.taRue in Culpeper. A Martin man said
to-day there was but one man In the
county actively at work for the Cover
nor. He alluded to DR.. Campbell. who
resides in Jefferson district. 1t seems
to be conceded Mr.. Montague will carry
that district.
Senator Martins forces in Culpeper
county are well organized Every county
officer liz said to be for him. The sena-
tors friends are working for him as
opportunity offers. though l leave of as
begun, there are few signs Of political
activity In Culpeper. But the politicians
say the winning combination In the
county is Martin and Willard. ss
WALTER EDWARD HARRIS.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
Asleep on the Track,

lSpecIal % The Times, Ulspateh 81 ~
OF Round Hill. Isoudoun county, was killed
by q passenger train OF the Southern Railway
last nlEht, about u o'clock. near the Round
Hlll depot. PoStoH was lying asleep on tho
track and q coroner's Jury exonerated the
railway. Poyton was unmarried. fB
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
A YOUNG WOMAN
BURNED '0|D D TIL.
She Used Coal Oil From a Can
to Kindle. the
Fire.
#WARNE D ALL AGAINST ITS USE
The Fire Department Called to
Put Out the Burning
House.
WARNED ALL AGAINST ITS USE
sncc,ol q rbc Times. Dispatch.)

Special to The Times ispatcho
PETERSBURG, VA. June 19.-Burned
to death with kerosene was the awful
fate that overlook young Mrs. Eva Tuck
er Fuller last evening at her home, near
tho Battersea Farm.
She was the wife OF Irving Fuller
After cooking the,a evening meal. she
attempted to rekindle the FIRE with oil
from a can. held right over the stove
The fire quickly blazed up, reaching the
can, which exploded in her hands wrap.
ping her In flame from head to foot
screa ming with pain and terror she ran
into the yard and fell to the ground,
rolling into a ditch alongside the sea-
board Air Line Railway track nearby,
in an effort to extinguish the IRE IN
some water in the ditch. BY POURING
water over her and wrapping her IN n
blanket, Mrs. Ray, an old Ipd2 visiting
the RULERS, attempted to save her, but,
the aid was too late The young Va
mans clothes were burned or. and her
body charred all over. She was placed
upon a board and carried back into the
yard, where friends and physicians did
everything possible for her, but with little
erect Mrs. Fuller begged not TO be
moved into the house and called for her
husband, who was at one, summoned
from his work as motornlan on an cleo
trio car. She remained conscious Until:
death. and repeatedly warned her friends lends
never to use oil in making a fire.
b & Mrs. Fuller was twenty years oil and
had been married only three months,
The funeral services We're held this
morning, and the body was taken to
Church Road for interment.
The home of the young couple was
saved from destruction by the fire, De
partment, which was called out :n or.
diately after the explosion OF The $dli..s ]
The Methodist Sunday School q ssocll-
ton, comprising the schools ~ e Pettee1rrs.
burg, fIttrick and Alatoaca, held q moss mos;
successful and interesting meeting q. at
Wesley Church vest erl1y afternonn . = %
d programme 81 Of childrens day servi ces.
hold IN the: morning, were repeated, md
the music and recitations were greatly
entoyed BY n large nudlencc. Repor'tts
showed a total5reglstar, Of 2,G'. members
IN the eight schools. and an ttend 1il e
FOR the month OF 20o0, an aycraGa 70.
each school Of seventy-fve per cent.
General stith Boiling and sevcral: ether
Petersburg idelegatessto1the8 Confederate
s reunion. in 4. Louisville havei.s returnedi
+ much pleased with their trip. & ~. ,Ss, y
The Rev. Father Hornung, Of B "a
"a conducting services ut St Josephts
Catholic Church for the Bohemian mem
bers OF the congregation. !.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
CLOSED last BAR
IN CHESTERFIELD i:
Only Others Existing Are in
Swansboro and
Ettricks, III
Especial to The Times Dlspatch,)

g
CHESTERFIELD. VA, June ID Judge
Watson to-day declined 70 grant a retail
liquor LICENSE to Mr.. l1ugerlos r. Puckett
for conducting business in ;lWlnterpock
Mr.. Pickett APPLIED at the April term
of court, but because OF defects In his
posted notices. the court would not act
upon his application, To-day he again
applied, but being opposed by Messrs. FL
lis Martin, j. p, Holmes md number
Of petitioners, on the ground that the
saloon was Injurious to the public vel
fare and morals, the court refused the
license. This closes the last bar-room in
the rural districts In Chesterfield cou,l-
ty, hut two yet remain In swnnsbor0,
and four In Ettrlcks these villages being
contiguous to larger cities,
The suit OF Lydia w, Cook VS. seaboard
Air Line Railway, the trial OF which
was begun on last Friday and the engaged
will not be concluded until Tomorrow,
The plaintiff is asking damages from the
railroad company for obstructing the
drainage from her granite quarrles, near
which the railroad ruEs,. ST
5. Mrs. b, Trueheart, OF Amelia Court
house, who arrived here on Saturday
with her daughter. Miss Lucy Trueheart,
on a visit to Mrs. 7. V. Cogbill. returned,
home to-day.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
FORK UNION AFFAIRS.
Executive Committee at Academy
Do Things.

fspecial to The Times-Dispatch)
Fork UNION, VA, June 19:-Ihe
Executive Committee Of the Fork Union
AGA DENY has been in session during me
looking f6-rhe next sessions work were
Mr.gL eroy$L. Sutherland has been elect
ed Instructor In the Fork Mon Academy
and viii begin his work with the opening
Of the session In September next. Mr.;
Sutherland Is native OF RiS s nhn,a al,d
College at its commencement last week.
h was made president Of the Mu Sigma
Rho Society, and also represented the
graduating class as speaker at the alumni
banquet on June 18th. he ranked very
high IN character and Seh3hlarshl2 a = se
an expert in athletics, having had years
Of experience both on the football and
base ball teams Of the college, and IT IS
understood that he will have active con.
nection with the Athletic Association OF
the academy. The new instructor I IS e st "a
and enters the academy faculty with
buoyant purpose and hope: es
Miss Martha Mosby Snead has accepted
the position Of director IN: the depart.
ment Of vocal music, and the friends OF
the academy count her most valuable
accession TO Its teaching force. Miss
snead, who Is known in Richmond as a
highly cultivated and sweet voiced so
prano has been giving much Of her life
from earlv girlhood to the study of vocal
science. She has spent much OF her time
under the Instruction ct the eminent Hoi.
loWay. Of New York. n,. IL and is amply y
-Four new Buildings are ere a1,Teaay IL pro,
are to follow.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
VETS WIN VICTORY
OVER E[ECTI0I time
Claimed That the Result Will
Add Many Votes to Martins
Strength.
Especial to The ,Times-D Dispatch.

SUFFOLK. VA. June 19.-After consid-
ering petitions from both the drys and
the vets for and against holding local
option election. Judge Prentis to-day
called meeting OF the legal bar OF suf-
folk to get their opinion OF the question
of holding an election in July or TO post
pone 1t until December.
He requested the conference OF the
bar In order that the legal status OF the
question might be discussed. The State
Attorney General had said that the liquor
law matter was in a muddle. and the
Judge, not because he had not made UP
his own mind or was not capable of rem
dering a right decision, but for the rea-
son that he wished opinions and ideas
from other lawyers. Nearly all the town
lawyers, regardless OF their position on
the wet or dry proposition, 'ex-l
pressed themselves as favora BILE to q post
Z ponement. They also thought&it proper
to justify the judges position with refer
ence to postponement OF the election
rather than submit the issue to an
abridged electorate.
About every attorney present, except
one, who had been retained by the
s.'drys," thought and expressed himself
as favorable to a postponement And in
the meantime some of the dry polltt-
clans, who were as active as some OF the
rest, had caught wind Of what was in
store. Some OF the leaders went to Judge
sPrents and sought q withdrawal OF their
petition for local option election. Their
request was granted. and the liquor con-
ditions of the town stand now like they
iwere before any petition at all was pre-
scented, The agitation has been goins
7since December.
the collapse Of tile dry purposes, and
are claiming that to-day's war will end
the argument. l Eng
It Is generally considered too, that the
outcome will mean an additional ajorits
in Suffolk for Senator Martin-not5 thai
he or his friends had any say so In the
cause but that the effect will add right
many votes to his side. 8EStE5
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
MEMORIAL 81. DAY.
Lynchburg Celebrates the Gal
liant Defense Of Lynchburg.

Especial to The Times Dispatch.)
] LYNCHBURG, VA, June l9.-The for
'ty-arst anniversary of the Battle Of
iLynchbure was observed here to-day by
the annual memorial services, under aus
ton. The crowd was somewhat smaller
than usual. owing to the threa tening
weather but the evening was unusually
successful. H Il .B s
q Dr. w. L. Pickard. pastor First Baptist
Church, delivered one OF the strongest
memorial addresses ever heard here. The
parade was made up OF veterans, daugh-.
tiers, sons, citizens, home guard and the
entire fire department
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
Odd Fellows Memorial.
3ecial, to The Times. pIspatch

sTAUNTON,5 VA, June 1s-The memorial
exercises OF staunton Lodge, No. Is, Indepen-
dent Order OF Odd Fellows held yesterday ar-
ternoon In Beverly Theatre, were strikingly
beautiful and Will long be remembered by
those taking part as we'll as the large audience
The exercises ! were held In memory Of
Archibald H. Simpson. who was tho oldest
Odd Fellow In the United States, and a por-
Grape with a dim light burning over 1t, occu-
r!eda his otherwise empty chair, Police Justice
Joseph A.. Glasgow delivered an eulogy
upon Mr. Simpson, and the other orators spoks
on Odd Fellowship and the many advantages
Of tho order Hon, Hill MontaGue, grand
representative Of Unity Lodge, No. &c. was the
chief orator, "a
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
Fredericksburg News.

wa Especial to The Times pspatch.)
has been the hottest day Of Inc summer. the
Hon Joseph r. Willard will speak at Nom
tross on Monday, June 2eth. It being court day
for, Westmoreland county. and viii that night
Potomac River In the same county
IA company has been ,orsapized to build a
upper part 81 Stafford county, to this city,
There have already been twenty telephone
stations subscribed for and the line Will
soon be In operation. II
Mr. u, w. Boan, formerly OF this city. was
married few days ago at Hornespille N. II,
to Miss Storm, OF that city,,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
.CAL|sTHEN|CS
With MU.S {: K
The " N. I. Cadets Give An
Interest Exhibi-
ton.
REVIEWS Re: II BATTALION II PARADE {: E:
(, VS. la
REVIEW; BATTALION PARADE
Mayor J.8Mercer Patton is Made
Full Professor, With Rank
Of Colonel.

Especial to The Times Dispatch.)
3 LEXINGTON, VA. June 49,. The feat
5ure Of to.day's exercises at the Virginia
! Military institute commencement was
the athletic exhibition known as Butts's
Manual. in which the cadets were put
through series OF cnlisthenics with
muskets. The exercises took place on
the parade grounds, under the direction
of Captain Pearson, and was witnessed
by a large number. Of spectators. "a
Signaling whit heliograph and flags
attracted very favorable comment. The
review before the board of visitors was
followed BY battalion parade. General
Ship held a9reception this afternoon III
honor Of the board OF visitors and grad;
uatlng class. The final military german
is being danced tonight In the Stone
wall Jackson gymnasium, led by Cadet
Miss Willis Williams, OF Washington,
d. c., and thirteen other couples.
The board of visitors to-day elected
Major ]. Mercer Patton, formerly adj
junct professor, as full professor OF mod
ern languages. to succeed the late Colonel
Thomas NJ. semmes. {iwith the rank Of
colonel.
The superintendent was authorized to
proceed at once for the rebuilding OF the
mess hall. according to the plans sub
mitted by him, and It will be ready for
occupancy at the beginning Of the next
session. fs s5 3
TIL sermon before the cadets Sunday
morning was preached bv Rev. w. 8.
4 Hammond, OF the Baltimore Conference,
Methodist Episcopal Church. South, for
merly located in Baltimore and Wash
sington. 81 B.
$5f IJis sermon was a military theme. IL Fl
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20

! His sermon was a military theme.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
Refused $1oo, 900 for Sysonby.

NJ Especial to The Times Dispatch)
4 NEW YORK, q June ls.-In the month OF
August last. AFTER sysonby. had won q valuable
authority was given for the statement that
Jamea r, Keene had declined TO entertain all
offer OF 100000 for his colt. 95
51A that time it was thought by some who
did not know what sysonby's engagements
were that this offer wa. an extravasant one.
but Keene and his trainer knew how
to be won BY him II he remained we'll. and
aside from the fact that no ono could buy
from Mr. Keene so high class q racer. the
SEQUEL to the deci!nntionf Ii that Syaonby bids
fair 10 win nearly 100000 before the season
ends ss5G
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
G. Oliver lseiin Ill.

(special. to Tho Times Dspatch.)
y NEW RoCHELLE.5 N. %sz r.. June &c:
oliver Iseiin is iii at his home. at ''All View =
on Premium Point, and is under the care OF
a specialist and nurses. He is said to be
suffering from . nervous breakdown. Mr..
Iseiin has not been seen In New Rochelle since
he returned from Aiken, two months ago.
r The recent death OF his father, 1t Is said,
has aggravated his condition. So
3 1t Is reported that ais soon az he becomes
strong enough to mako tho trip MT. Iselini will
20 TO Germany to take the baths !.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
Blue M ountaIn House.

49, BIlIII RIDGE MOUNTAlNS. AtD, n IN
9TH SEASON OPENS JUNE q,
Finest mountain resort In the Blue Ridge
section No mosquitoes pure mountain spring
water; cuisine aud service unexcelied; fast
and vestbuled train service For rese SCI
OF rooms rates, etc., address y 3. FLYNN,
Madison streets. Baltimore, Md. Office hours
10 tore O'clock. Mention The Times-D Dispatch,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1905-06-20
Il LOUISA MONUMENT.
Dual Event to Take Place Au-
gust, nth,

Especial, to The Times-Dispatch.)
LOUISA VA, June 19.-The Confeder-
ate Monument Committee has fixed upon
Thursday, August 18th. as the day for
ment here, and steps are ndG being
taken to have large gathering Of the
veterans. ut Is also thought that that
the cornerstone OF the new court house,
and withtthe two events Louisa will have
a memora BILE day. Syti5
Evening journal., 1905-05-08
RUSSIAN FLEET
STARTS TO FIGH7
Rojestvensky's Ships Leave
to Battle Their Way to
Vladivostok
RAID ON THE JAPANESE COAST

ST. Petersburg May S.--After many
weeks OF dodging about and waiting
for reinforcemeuts. the Russian feet,
under Vice Admiral RojestvenslSy has
forsaken the shelter of the French
lndo-China coast and has gone forth
to fight it's way to Vladivostok Within
a few days it will effect a junction
with the second fleet, under Rear Ad-
miral Nebogatoff, either In the China
Sea or in the Pacific ocean, and the
officials here are markedly confident
that the combined fleets viii be fully
able TO overcome any Japanese force
that tries to intercept them.
Colncident with Rojestyenskys sail
ing. the Russian squadron at Vladi-
vostok has put to sea and is harrying
the coast of Hokkaido, the northern
most of the large Japanese islands.
Four Russian torpedo boat destroyers
captured and burned a small Japanese
sailing vessel off Hokkaido. No other
vessels were sighted, but it is known
that the powerful armored cruiser
Gromoboi is escorting the torpedo flo
tilla.
Russian officials regard the sailing
of Rojestvensky for Vladivostok as
the opening of the crucial stage of the
war They expect him to reach his
destination and from Vladivostok to
make forays that will sweep the Japa-
nese flag from the seas. The success
Of such campaign will inevitably
give the victory to Russia, since, with
his supplies cut Off, Oyama will be
stranded in Manchuria.
Admiral Nebogatoff is regarded as
the Blucher of the situation, and, in
deed, he is said to resemble him
greatly in temperament. He may lack
his strategy and finesse. but, like the
Prusslan, he has bulldog courage and
is born fighter, who goes straight for
| the enemy.
Evening journal., 1905-05-08
An.AutomobiIe FIRE Department.

The, municipal authorities Of Vienna
havefdetermined to abandon the use Of
horses to draw their fire apparatus and
torquip their service entirely on an au-
tpnlobile basis, says Harper's Weekly.
1he Vienna fire department is consid-
eyed the best equipped Of continental
Europe, and within ten years 1t has re-
placed all obsolete apparatus with the
N pst modern and useful devices. The
first step taken was the ordering Of
IF y-three motor chemical engines and
wagons to replace those previously
dr.; tgn by horses and which are most
use ful for dealing with small fires.
Wien this has been accomplished the
hor Se drawn steam Ere engines and the
ext, Nsion ladders will be changed or
repl hced in some way not as yet deter
min ed. 1t is claimed that increased ef-
fcie pcy will follow the innovation,
while there will be a saving Of some
$15,, p0 per annum in the cost Of main
talni hg the stations for which the fifty
threeWgets Of apparatus have been or
dered4 The outlay will be about $177,-
OOO
Evening journal., 1905-05-08
osLER 10 HoMEoPATHs.
ChBoroform Fame Man Wants Them
In snme Fold with OtIser Doctors.

ChIoroform Fame Man Wants Them
In Same Fold With other Doctors.
Dr. William Osler, formerly OF Johns
Hopkins, university, recently made his
farewelIgaddress to the medical profess
sion ofiMaryland d'beforesleaving for his
post asl reglus professor in the Univer-
sity of oxford, says a Baltimore spe-
cialitolthe New York World. The title
OF DR.. Osler's add1rss was Unity,
Peace and, concord" In part DIR. Osler
saidr
"Illeave youstoday in charity. I have
tr1edito harm, no man, though / may
nave ishot al arrow here and there
whichtstruck some one in the distance.
II so Iinow ask his pardon
Il have striven with, no man, for l
have atdeep, Of the hateful
ness oftstrife and its,utterl luselessness.
ITO you all, to my brethren here, to
you who'labor in great field in the
counties doing a great work for small
returns4and to you who,engage in the
special branches Of thei profession l
leave tOAyou the greatestiof all things,
charity.
'Itiisinow time that the,homeopathic
brethren were coming into the fold. 1t
is now long past the time when a diff
ference in drugs should separate men
with the same hope. The homeopaths
are awake, but they must realize the
anomaly oflther position. The original
quarrel is ours. but they should not al
low themselves to be separated by a
shibboleth that is inconsistent with
their practice today. And the rent in
the robe ofiAesculaplus is more griev-
Gus in thise country than elsewhere IN
ahewOrld.
like the church. the physician has
three enemies namely, ignorance,
whi,h'is the, sin; apathy. which is the
World. and vice, which is the devil.
This willful' and helpless ignorance of
the people must be righted by the
weaAoni of the tongue.
"The fmost dangerous foe is apathy.
Thiry-tive per cent of deathsin a com
muRty are due to apathy, which goes
to cpulterbalance the advance'of medi-
cine Yin the last century. Whatladvan-
tage tis there in prosperity when the
comforts of life are not enjoyed?' What
advantage has the little red ,school.
houseg when in many of the most I'm
Evening journal., 1905-05-08
Penn's Football schedule.

Philadelphia, May s-The official
football schedule of the University Of
Pennsylvania has been given out The
schedule is the same as last year ex-
cept that Pennsylvania State College
is dropped and the University OF North
Carolina substituted. With the excep-
ton oflthe game with Columbia. which
will beplayed in New York. all games
will take place on Franklin Field. The
schedule is as follows; September 80.
Lehigh; October 4, Gettysburg; Z,
Swarthmore; II, Franklin and Mar
shall; l3, North Carolina; is. open;
21, Brown; 2S. Carlisle Indians: No
vember 4, Lafayette; H. Harvard Is,
Virginia; %. Columbia; 30 Cornell.
Evening journal., 1905-05-08
PRODUCE QUOTATIONS
The Latest Closing Prices In tho
Principal Markets.

extras. s59O@41O; Penna. roller.
clear, S4.100430; city mills, fancy,
$5.40G $50. Rye -four firm; per bar
rel, $3.50. Wheat firm; No Penna.
red. new, siq95c. Corn steady; No.
No. 2 white. clipped, S6lkc.; lower
grades. 35c. Hay. steady; No. timo-
thy. large bales, S14Q15. Pork firm
family, $17. Beef steady; beef hams,
s23@24. Live poultry steady; hens.
14lkc,; old ROSTERS, lOc. Dressed porls,
roosters. 10c. Butter firm; creamery,
29c. per lb. Eggs STEADY; New York
and Penna. 1870. per dozen. Potatoes
steady; per bushel, 35@3Sc.
Baltimore-Wheat dull; NO. 2 red,
9s% 6937sc.; steamer No. 2 spot, -S5%
GS6c.; southern, 74Q94c. Corn firm;
mixed spot, 51ss @51#c.; steamer
mixed. 4Sh 4SAc.; southern, 1870
53c Oats fair; white, No. 2, 800
36l5c.; No. 3, S5q 35Ac;i NO. 4, $40
34bc mixed, NO. ~ y 454c.; No.
2 32ib@ 33c.; No. 4. 3112 032c. Butter
easter: creamery separator, extras, 27
G29c.: held, 23024c. prints, 2SG29c.;
MARYLAND and Penna. dairy prints, 2ll
I25c. Eggs steady; fancy Maryland I
Penna.. Virginia and West Virginia,
16lac.; southern, l51ac, stoadu.
creamery, 26d26l5c.; do. state dairy.
999 2gc': do. renovated. 17d2sc.: do
western factory. 19425c.; do. western
imitation creamery. 25@2Sc. Cheese
Arm: state full cream, small colored
and white, fancy, l4Ac.; do. 1ne,
white. choice, 13hc.; do. fair to good,
T9iL 612Ac.; do. poor, 10% 61f%c.:
stins. full to light, 4A61Ohc Eggs
Steady: Penna. and nearby, 2O62ic.:
western storRge selections. 1sc.; do.
firsts. 1734c.; southerns, l41s q Ice.
Pc: fowls 13lsc.; old turkeys. 14c'
Dressed poultry steady; western chick
ems. i0a12c.; fowls, 10914c. turkeys.
14G1Sc. Potatoe" easy; Florida, new
$2.5O@4.5o; state and western 75c a
inlet: fancy handpicked 5H H05iLc.
other domestic, 3HM5ikc. Cabbages
were easy; Charleston, per barrel
crate, $1M125.
Evening journal., 1905-05-08
THIRD WEEK OF CHICAGO STRIKE
Il Appears Teamsters Must Yield or
Call Out Affiliated Unions.

Chicago May S.-After a strenuous
week. during which street riots were
frequent and the calling of troops
seemed imminent, and at the end of
which scandalous charges were made
against the peace officers Of Chicago.
the teamsters' strike enters upon its
third week, with the employers appar-
emily in the advantage. The team
sters now appear to be in a position
where they must either yield or decide
to extend the strike by calling out
thousands of other workmen engaged
in affiliated unions. The Chicago Fed
Grafton of Labor took no action look
ing to an extension of the trouble, al
though a great deal of incendiary talk
was INDUCED in. Resolutions charging
the Employers Association with con-
spiracy and asking that States Attor-
ney Healy start an investigation of
their business methods were passed.