Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-05-27
THE I POSTAGE STAMP
HOW IT is MADE BY UNCLE SANG
EXPERT WORkMEN.

. %.t|l
The misunderstanding Process From
the Engraving of the Steel Die to
the Finished Gummed, Pressed and
Perforated Printed Sheet.
The first mechanical process in the
manufacture OF postage stamp Is tho
2utting, or engraving, of the die. This
Is piece Of steel of the finest quality,
OH the polished surface Of which man
slowly and patiently cuts, line by line,
the portrait OF other emblem which
has been adopted for this particular
stump. a steel engraving is what Is
called an iucised plate--that is, every
line which is to show III the finished
print Is cut into the surface instead Of
being left in relief, rs In wood engrav-
ing.
The die which the engraver cuts Is q
negative" In other words, reversal
Of the design which the stamp Will
show. The reason for this soon be-
comes apparent.
When the die Is finished and proofs
show it to be satisfactory It Is hard
ened and fixed In the bed Of n powerful
press. Over 1t Is then passed steel
roller the circumference of which is
several times, perhaps four times, the
diameter of the die. Immense pressure
Is applied, so that every line OH the
surface Of the die Is impressed upon
the surface OF the roller as many times
as the circumference of the roller Is
larger than the area Of the die. In this
way four perfect copies of the die are
reproduced on the roller, but reversed.
Each OF these Impressions Is a "posl-
tive"
This roller La now hardened In turn
In order that 1t may transmit the i'm
presslons once more, this time to the
plate from which the actual printing
Is to be made. This plate is also Of
steel. The size is sufficient to print q
whole sheet of stamps-from 200 to 800
mt n single impression.
Into the surfnce OF this plate the i'm
preston on the roller is forced by great
pressure. once for each stamp In the
subsequent sheet, and then the plate
Is hardened. These Impressions are
negatives. 30 that the prints from them
the stamps themselves-will be posi-
tlves.
The reason for all this preliminary
work is most interesting. In the first
place, printing could not be done from
single die because of the vast guam
titles Of stamps required. In the sec
ond place, 1t could not be done from
the roller. because OH that the lines are
N In nf hni Iunt ,,xI
In the third place. 1t would not be
feasible to hive several dies or large
number of them engraved, both be-
cause the expense would be prohibit
tive and because no two would then be
absolutely alike. The present system
| makes it certain that every stamp Of
certain lot is exactly like every 9TH
err Of the same lot--a great safeguard
against counterfciting.
When three printing plates have been
made they are all fastened to the bed
of n special printing press. When the
machinery is started the first plate Is
linked, then automatically wiped until
1t Is like mirror. The wiping removes
all the Ink except what clings in the
lines OF the 200 duplicate engravlngs
Wulcn QOt the SURFACE.
Over the plate is laid a sheet of
dampened paper. the plate is slightly
warmed In order to permit The ink to
swell, and heavy pressure is applied.
Meanwhile the second plate Is receiv-
Ing Its Ink, and then the third comes
into play, SO that, although all three
are OH the same press, each Is Mt n
| given moment undergoing different
process from either of the other two.
This has wrought great saving Of
time over the old process of printing
by hand. When the printed sheets are
dry they go TO the cumming machine,
In which they pnss between n dry
roller on one side and one moistened
with mucilnge on the other. From
these rollers they are cast out, wet
side up, upon on endless web, which
carries them through steam heated
box
They come out dry, ready for the
perforations. which permit them to be
torn apart easily. These are very easI-
ly made by passing the sheets between
one cylinder studded with steel pins
and another perforated with holes to
match the pins. The two together act
like the jaws of conductors punch.
The last process Is pressing the sheets
by hydraulic power to counteract tho
tendency to curl. which is impaired by
the mucilage.
The printing Of stamps. like the print
Ing of gold and silver certificates and
bank notes, Is subject to the most care
full and constant Inspection.
Every sheet of paper Is counted be-
fore 1t is delivered to the printer, and
before he goes home nt nlrht he must