davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
RUST IN WHEAT,

Rust is bothering wheat growers;
and, it seems that our scientists are all
at sea about it. Professor Bailey, Of
North Dakota, is working har on the
problem. Here is what he says:
Last year, 1904, we found that the,
berry Of the wheat was often attacked
by the stem rust. Later Investigations
teach us that in many samples of the
seed wheat which was grown upon the!
rusted crops of 1904 there was as high
as 20 to 80 per cent. of the wheat
grains which We're internally attacked.
This is a discovery entirely new to
students Of wheat rust. We have fur
Their found that all such wheat grains,
which We're not otherwise injured,
sprOuted and grew normally. We have
not as yet been able to prove definitely
that such wheat grains become attack
ed from these internal spores.
The spores are found in such in-I
fected grains usually at the germ end
just oyer or under the embryo wheat
plant; but we have found them in
other parts of the seed. One cam
usually tell all such internally infected
grains by the fact that they are black
or brown on the seen end. So far we
have been able to gnd only the spores Of
the stem rust on the inside of wheat
grains: but both the summer spores
and the winter spores occur In the
spore beds.
we have accumulated many other
observations which indicate that both
these species of rust may come from
inside Of the seed, but the absolute
proof is yet wanting"
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
Care Of Glover Seed

There is a fine prospect for a big
clover seed CROP this season. To secure
seed of high quality requires careful
handling and grading. OF all the grass
seeds coming into the market clover is
the most mixed. largely due to careless
cutting and no cleaning at all. Hers
Is what w. NJ. Munson, of the depart
ment of agriculture, says along this
line: Il have gathered % samples OF
clover seed from different parts of the
world. Eleven Of these samples We're
obtained from various places In the
United States. They were tested in
two different ways to determine their
terminating qualities. One test was by
putting the seed under moistened blot
ting paper and the other by planting It
In the soil under the usual condltlons
that 1t must undergo. The result was
h a under the blotting paper So per.
cent. of this clover seed grew, White
Al per cent. of the seed grew that Was
placed in the ground. One sample
from Minnesota tina showed a gertnll-
ating test Of "a under blotting paper
showed a terminating test Of "a In the
field. Or a sample from Denmark that
showed a test of 80 under paper only
II grew In the soil test. The soil test
Of the seed grown in the United States
varied from 10 to II per with the.
average of Al. The results of this ex-
pertinent teaches three valuable les
sons, and explains the cause Of the fire.
quent controversies that have arisen
over the amount of clover seed that
should be sown in order to get a good
stand. Those who read the agricul-
tural papers and visit the farmers in
stitutes have noticed that it is seldom;
that Two farmers will agree On tho
proper amount Of clover seed to SOW to
the acre. All the way from . quarts
TO a peck is recommended. This differ
ence could easily arise from the clover
seed having such a great difference in
terminating qualities. The lessons
taught are that clover seed should get
better care than it usually receives be-
tween cutting n threshing time,
There is no doubt that much Of it's
vitality is destroyed by being left for
months on the ground during the damp
weather in the fall of the year. Il
should never be sown without being,
tested, and the testing hould be done
in the soil and under similar condi-i
lions to it's being sown in the field, and
In buying this seed q few dollars should
not be permitted to stand in the way Of
che purchase Of bright, plump seed, in,
preference to seed that is shrunken or
Of a dull color.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
Money Making Fairs.


There is one new plan by which the
maximum Of money is made with the
minimum Of work-this Is the sample
fair. The manufacturers OF everything
salable are solicited for samples of the
goods. UGH as cereals, soaps, pickles
and preserves, bluings, cocoas and
syrups. With what Is sent in response
all that is left to be lone Is to range
a room, place the goods on tables and
sell them at the same prices charged
In the shops. Often some cocoa manu-
facturer will be glad to serve hot choco-
late by way OF advertisement, and that
with biscuits Or small cakes, also fur
nished free of cost, Will provide refresh
ments. and the net result will be a
surprising sum. The fair, however, does
not compare in attractiveness with one
where some pretty idea is carried out,
such as in the poppy fair, where all the
booths are done in white crepe paper
decorated with red peoples, and all the
girls are dressed to correspond In white
gowns and paper hats covered with
peoples.
Still another attractive bazaar is a
Dutch fair. The invitation and tickets
are printedsf in red, on yellow, the booths
are decorated in yellow, n the girls
who serve wear Dutch costumes with
little Dutch caps, n everywhere tulips
are placed, in reds II yellows. Fol a
grab bag there Is a flower garden
where one can pull up tulips which
have small bundles In place Of bulbs.
Last of all comes the rainbow fair.
Here each booth is in one of the rain
bow colors with a colored rainbow bent
over It's top, and the girls within are
dressed in colors which match the
hppth G
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
could be no doubt. Here was the thief

could be no doubt. Here was the thief
walking right into a prison cell.
Crafty hastily summoned his assist
ant and bad him watch and remem-
Der everything lie could see through
that hole. Crafty crept noiselessly
down the steps and waited In the street.
In an hour the man carefully tiptoed
out of the p~ostoffice door. Before he
could lock 1t behind him Crafty had
him by the throat and wrists. His shrill
whistle brought the assistant in a
hurry. II by means of the thief's own
dark lantern they looked into the face
of-Postmaster Hanks.
They took $500 out of his pockets and
led him to his home. SacheIs packed
for a journey We're in the hallway and
Mrs. Hanks was sitting up awaiting,
her husbands return. Crafty's last
chance" had been well taken. The
postmaster alarmed by the fortune told
his wife, had gore to the ~postofice to
feather his nest before taking q jour-
ney.
He did take a journey thai same
morning in company with Crafty and
his assistant. The own OF X Y Z did
not know the truth about it until the
time Of the trial in the federal court
The people still believe he is innocent
and they cry out at the government for
running a splendid man. But Postmas-
ter Hank is in the federal prison and
tle evidence that convicted his was
Crafty's statement:
Il caught him with the goods"
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
COLONY HOUSE FOR CHICKS.

The idea that d chick is able to care for
Itself and stand all sorts of weather as
soon as it is old enough to leave the moth
er's wing Is wrong for the growing period
Is the most important in their lives and
during this time they must have the best
of care il they are to amount to any
thing. The coop known as the colony coop
Is built in different ways according to the
idea Of the builder, but unless it is SO con-
structed that it will keep the chicks dry
and otherwise comfortable it is of little
use. The ideal coop is made ample in size
TO accommodate the birds placed in it and
this varies according to the SIZE of the
house, but it Is important that the birds
are not crowded. The house should set up
from the ground SO there will be a good
circulation of air under it thus preventing
dampness: the roof SHOULD slope and three
quarters of the front, behind which are the
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
ABOUT SHOES.
Earliest Reference is Found in tho
Old Testament.

Chicago News: What is regarded as
the earliest reference to shoes is found
IN the Old Testament, where Abraham
refused to take as much as a shoe
latchct from the King of Sodom.
Among the Jews the shoe played an
important part in many social usagcs.
When buying or selling land it was
customary to deliver q shoe. and the
act of throwing down a snoe on terri
tory implied occupancy. The finding of
sandals on Egyptian mummies proves
that the wearing of shoes is almost as
old as the race itself. In Venice in the
seventeenth century every lady of any
pretension to fashion or position wore
what We're called ~''choppines," high
clogs or pattens. to elevate them from
he's ground. Thomas Coryat, a raveler
who visited Venice in 1911, a y Of
them: They are so common in Venice
that no wOman doeth without either in
her house or abroad. 1t is a thing
made of wood and covered with leather
in sundry coiors, some white, some red,
some yellow. Many of them are curl
iusly painted; some. also, Of them have
| seen fairly gilt. There are many of
these ~chapineys of a great height
even half a yard high; and by how
much the nobler a woman Is, by so
ilucll the nlSner are ner ChaplneyS. All,
their gentleWomen, and most of their
wives and widows that are OF any
wealth are assisted or supported either
by men or women when they walk
abroad, to the end that they may not
fall"
Fortunes have been lavished upon
shoes. Men as idely apart in every
circumstance of life as Sir Walter Ra-
leigh and Caligula had their shoes en-
rlched with precious stones to the
Nalu of thousands of dollars. When
the tomb of Henry vi of Sicily, who
died In 1897. was opened in the cathe-
dral of Palermo shoes made of cloth Of
gold and embroidered With pearls were
found on the dead monarch's feet, and
also on those of his queen. In the time
of Louis NV OF France the courtiers Of
Versailles We're remarkable for their
boots, the tops of which were enor-
mousiy large and wide and were decor
!ated with a profusion of costly lace.
Even h~orseshoes have been made to
serve the purposes of extravaganza and
display. Sabina Poppaea, the beautiful
y luxury loving wife of the Roman
Emperor Nero, is said TO have had her
mules shod with gold. All the world
over horseshoes are supposed to pos
sess some occult power OF attracting
luck n Warding off evil.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
FACTS o ALFALFA.

Alfalfa seed weighs sixty pounds to,
the bushel. For a hay crop, SOW 20 to-
80 pounds Of seed per acre. For Al
crop Of seed, sow IA to IS pounds peri
acre. Sow clean seed.
Sow alone, without any nurse crop.
The latter is often just as harmful
as the weeds.
Screen alfalfa seed before sowing to-
separate the dodder and other weed,
seed. Dodder is the worst enemy OF
alfalfa.
Sow alfalfa In the spring, as soon as
the ground is warm-from the middle
OF May. Sow in drills or broadcast,
Do not the seed'too deep.
Alfalfa does not attain maturity un-
til the third or fourth year; therefore,
do not SOW it expecting to get the best,
results in less time.
Alfalfa grows best on a deep, sandy,
loan, underlaid by a loose and permea-
BILE soil. It will not grow il there is
an excess Of water in the soil. The
land must be well drained.
Alfalfa is a deep feeder. Pho and
deeply.
Cut hay when the first. flowers ap-
pear. If cut in full bloom the hay will.
be woody and less nutritious.
Gu for seed when the middle clust-
ers of seed pods are lark brown.
To make alfalfa hay cut in the fore
noon and let io wilt; then AXE into
Hindrows. It should be cured in Wind
COWS and cocks, and stacked or put.
In barns with as little handling as
possible. before the valuable leaves be-
come too dry OF brittle.
1t is not safe to pasture either cattle
or sheep on alfalfa, as they are liable
to bloat. when it is fed green. Feed
them the hay or practice soiling.
There is no better or cheaper way Of
growing hogs than to pasture them on
alfalfa. One acre will furnish pastur-
age for from ten to twenty hogs per
season.
Horses car be pastured on alfalfa.
Alfalfa is a perennial, a cloyer-liks
plant with oblong shaped leaves and a
taproot which often extends eight or
more feet downward. The plant grows
to a height of from 2 to S feet and its
blossoms are purple in color, borne in
long, loose clusters.
Alfalfa hay is a not complete ration.
The best results are got by feeding it
with corn fodder, ensilage, wheat Or
straw or roots. Alfalfa contains large
amounts Of protein.
Six to 10 bushels OF seed is the usual
per acre.
Keep the weeds moved and raked off
the first season or they will choke OUT
the crop.-Blooded Stock.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
WINTER SHEDS FOR COWS.

Two years ago our barns and sheds were
destroyed by fire and the sheds were not
rebuilt largely because we felt we could
not afford the expense. In looking over
the records Of the dairy during the two
winters and comparing them with those
of previous years it seems that the sheds
are necessary, so we are now building
them. They are simple lean-tos made Of
cheap lumber and the cracks filled in with
paper and lathed over. A number of small
windows are placed in the ends and the
front SO that the shed may be as light as
possible. After the COWS are MIXED and
have eaten they are turned loose in this
shed, where there is a liberal pile of clean
straw for them to lie on and a rack Of
good size filled with straw, corn stoyer or
other roughage for them to MUNICH over
during the day. The animals are in this
shed all day unless 1t is fair enough so
that they can be in the yard a portion Of
the day. They are turned on. in the yard
for a short period each day no matter how
cold the weather for they need that
amount of fresh air. Formerly we had an
Occasional; animal who would do a little
hooking and she was promptly put back
in the stall. After being punished in this
way several times she seemed to realize
the whyfor and no trouble was expert
enced. This shed idea Is we'll worth con-
sidering by any man with six or more
pnws gr3s So lgH4Sf=s
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
Squirrel Lives with Kittens.
From the Eastern Maine Gazette,

- TIUII liz EdSlGIIl NldIIIt IdZeIIe.
One day, while Ralph Films of Dex
ter was in the woods after crows to
hang in the corn field for scarecrows,
he found in an old crows nest a very
small, you 6 red squirrel. which he
took home alive. After exhibiting it
to the family he gave it to. the cat,
which has three small kittens, suppos-
ing she would make a dainty meal Of
1t at once. Instead she very carefully
carried it into the nest on the hay
Where the kittens We're. A few days
later, on going to look at the kittens.
what was the surprise to find the SOUR
rel alive and happy. the old cat having
adopted 1t, seeming to think as much
Of it as Of her own offspring, while
the squirrel takes kindly to It's new
mother, and is sleek and fat as the kit
tens. F
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31

We'll, Emmy, what does your m1
want today?"
Please. sir, ma wants an eggs worth
of molasses," carefully placing a large
white egg on the counter.
A little molasses was poured out and
the cup set before the customer.
Mr. Smif," she said, as she too her
purchase, TIL be back in a little while
for some ginger. Ma said to tell you
the black hen was on."-Harper's Mag
aZine.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31

and graduating until six inches wide a,
the bottom; his is to give the proper slora
70 the funnel. Nail the funnel FIRMLY tn
tho trough with a heavy cleat at each aide
for support. It is also a good plan Ia d.
vide the trough by strips of board oyer ths
top. which will prevent the animals from
crowding too much. The Illustration shows
both the construction Of the funnel ana
the division OF the trough.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
PREVENTING THE WASTE OF
SIOP.

When slop is poured into the troughs for
the swine much of it is wasted in various
ways, usually through the carelessness OF
the worker or the interference Of the ami
mails. A good way to overcome this Is to
arrange a permanent funnel at the high
er end of the trough. Make 1t Of four
boards each three feet long, the two side
pieces being twelve inches wide and he
other two twelve inches wide at the top
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31

From the Chicago Tribune
would you marry a mar in who's.
family there was consumption" he
asked. just because he couldn't think
of anything else to say.
"Oh, I didn't know any Of u peo-
pie had ever had it," she answered. "If
you wish, 1 can get ready by Saturday
night. so that we car take advantage
Of the excursion rates to Colorado"
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
Misunderstood

Did I understand YOU asked the
man who was trying to pull off a little
shred of white meat. ito say that this
was a spring %chicken?"
Yes. sir replied the waiter, "and Z
want you to understand that I'm NOT a
liar. I didn't say when"
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
A Nice Point.

Yonkcrs Statesman: B~acon-Russia ant
Japan both desire peace. do they not?
Egbert-Yes.
Bacon-Well, what remains to be de-
cided?
Egbert-Which will give the biggest
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31

Argentina's constitution is modelled
on that Of the United States. American
nave been called to schools of
the republic The country considers It,
self u rival in trade.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31

Mrs. Winslow.s SOOTHING syrup Tor Children
~teething; softens the gums, reduces a.
lays pain. cures wind colia. o cent. O bottle.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31
DEALING in Futures.

IT had Infnmm.tory, Rheumatism. but I am we'll
POW. thanks to DR.. David Kennedy's Favorits Remedy.
Tia my best friend" Garrett Lansing, Troy, N, Y.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1905-08-31

barrels Of oysters are marked Al and
some markedsB. Are they different
grades?
Brown Gan oyster Dackerl-No: but
they're Acknowledgements. Some pao-
pie want q barrel opened at the top and
some at the bottom.
The progressive farmer and the cotton plant., 1905-09-26
PROGRESSIVE FARnfER AND COTTON PLANT.
be purer, tenderer and nobler than

be purer. tenderer and nobler than
men.
You say it appears to you that
there is more love and harmony in
the secret societies than in the
churches to-day. You probably are
thinking that our grandparents we're
more earne st andsincere, ,worshipping
in their unpretentious log churches,
surrounded by the primeval forests,
and sometimes beieged by Indians.
than we are in this the twentieth
century. the age of learning and of
good church houses. Alas! We
fear it is true! Theirs was a simple
trusting faith. They loved their fell
low men and were ready to forget
their own trials to help others. Their
minds and time were not taken up
so much by thoughts of accumulat-
ing gold or getting ahead of every
one else. But we fear we take too
much interest in secret societies and
neglect our churches. Our hearts
are always in the work we are most
interested in.
r R,becca asked some important
questions that we would all do well
to consider. Marrying for love is
no doubt a very good thing to do,
but little money is often necessary
to preserve the love, as love and pow
erty do not thrive together.
NORTH CAROLINA BOY.
Warren Co.. N. @.
The progressive farmer and the cotton plant., 1905-09-26
Churches and Secret Societies.

Dear Aunt Jennie: I have known
The Progressive Farmer for only
about six months, but it is a good
paper and I enjoy reading it very
much. The Social Chat is always a
bright, interesting page, so L hope
Auntie will let me step in and chat
awhile. I should like to see Aunt
Jennie's picture at the head OF the
page, even if she is not so youthful
as she once was.
And, cousins, there is something
far better than mere beauty OF fea-
lures anyway. A plain face, a kind
tender. loving disposition. and a de-
sire to help all that need assistance,
and make every one happy, to my
mind, make much more beautiful
woman than one whose features are
perfect, but who is wicked, deceitful
and selfish. =,
Cousin Country Miss, | think that
probably Cousin Jack Klinard rea-
lies that men are far from perfec-
ton Git is always easier to see some
one else's faults than our own }, but
he is so unselfsh that he would like
to see the ladies be what his ideals
are. Women are always Thought 20
The progressive farmer and the cotton plant., 1905-09-26
Women and Wrappers.

Dear Aunt Jennie: I agree with
Jack Klinard in the mother-hubbard
question, in one sense. [ do not
think a lady looks neat and sweet
in a mother-hubbard dress without
an apron on, no matter how clean
it may be- But I do think woman
with a wrapper on made of calico
or percale, with a tight fitting lin
ing in it and wearing a nice check
ed gingham apron, looks far neater
and more comfortable when she
has all her house work to do without
any hired help, than she does with
a skirt and waist on that is half the
time coming apart at the waist band
if she doesn't keep the skirt pinned
up the back to her waist all the time.
Now, friend Jack, if you had to
cook, milk. wash, sew, and do what
a woman has to do for one week.
which would you prefer, the wrapper
and apron or the skirt and waist? =?
I think you would say. "Bring me the
wrapper and apron, for my back is
so tired holding up this heavy skirt
and the band is too tight around
my waist"
I wear the wrapper and apron my
self, and do all my house-work and
help my husband in the field some. If
I should wear tight-ftting dresses,
I could not do half the work [ do
and I would be in misery all the
time.
As to the hair-well, Jack, if you
had to put on a sun-bonnet and go
out of the house to get something
or do something every little while