davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
COTTAGES FOR
THE TOURISTS
j. j. Opsahl Will Commence
Erection Of a Number in
the Near Future.

J. j. Opsahl cleft this morning
for Mississippi, the NJ. & I. sid
ing at the north end Of Lake Be
midi, where he owns several 40
acre tracts Of land upon which
will be erected number of cot
tages to be used by tourists dur
ing the summer. Mr.. Opsahl
stated this morning that he had
the promises of about a dozen
parties that will come from Iowa
to Bemidji to spend the summer
and he will build the cottages
and rent them to the tourists for
the season. The erecting of the
cottages will be commenced as
soon as possible.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
Indian Whooped.

Joe Roy, an Indian, was ar
raigned in Judge Skinvik's court
this afternoon on a charge of
drunkenness and fined $40 after
pleading guilty. Roy appeared
at the county jail last night in
company with companion and
raped on the windows Of the
Jail. He awoke Deputy Sheriff
John Bailey, who came out and
investigated. The two Indians
ran to the opposite side of the
street and let several war whoops
afterwards taking to their heels,
The deputy caught up with Roy,
however, and arrested him. The
other escaped.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
A. A. White Here.

A. A. White, formerly general
townsite agent for the Great
Northern Railway company, came
up from St. Paul last night. Mr..
White is heavily interested in the
White. Street Townsite company
and is looking over his townsite
interests in this section. He will
leave this evening for Tenstrike
to inspect the conditions in that
village and expects to return to
Bemidji tomorrow morning and
take the afternoon train for the
West.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
Taken to Soldiers Home.

James E. Weaver, and old
soldier who has been staying at
the home of a friend in the town
of Summit for several years past,
passed through the city this
morning on his way to the Sol
diers' home in St. Paul. The aged
gentleman has been suffering
with an affection Of the right arm
some time past and his condition
is quite serious.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
LOUD MAKES DENIAL.

Bemidji, Mimi, May 10, 1905.
Editor Pioneer:
My attention has been called to
charges filed with the Governor,
to the effect that officials of this
county have refused to issue war
rants for the persons guilty of
killing one John G. Sullivan, who
disappeared from Blackduck
about two years ago.
Neither myself or the Sheriff,
or any other offic r of this county,
has ever been informed of any
evidence whatever that Sullivan
has been murdered. Nothing
has been heard of him, either
dead or alive since April, 1908,
and there is no proof whatever
known to US, that he is not still
living. No detective or other
person has ever informed us that
he had any evidence in existence,
known to US, against any person
whomsoever in connection with
the disappearance of Sullivan.
The matter was investigated
by the Sheriff, at my request,
long ago, and a man was employ
ed and paid by me from my con.
tingent fund, to make a thorough
inquiry into the case, but with.
out results.
If any persons are in posses.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
PlumberS-N0t Takers.

Are you going to build, are
you going to remodel your dwell
ing, are you considering plumb
ing and heating? In considering
plumbing or heating, the wise
man hastens slowly. The plumber
must learn his trade the same as
a carpenter, a tinsmith, or any
other craftsman. A man cannot
go to bed, dream that he is a
plum Der, and do the work that
REQUIRES the legitimate crafts
man from 3 to 5 years to learn
how to do. Do you fully realize
the enormous risk that you sub
ject your family to, by EMPLOY ing
unskilled men-men who know
absolutely nothing about ths
plum bing business, III I'll who
would absolutely fail, if req uired
to take the examination provided
by the great state of Minnesota
to protect you from the dangers
of faulty plum bing and fake
workmen? If you are willing tt
run the risk, we are willing tic
give you figures on this class Of
work. 1t is cheaper, frauds are
bound to be cheaper, but we have
the genuine article to offer you il
the line of plum bing and heating
skilled labor, together with years
of experience and plumbing worl
executed by plum bers, not takers
Our state plum bing licence, &C,
quired by virtue of the fact thai
we are plum bers, testifes to oul
ability. If you want cheap, fake
plumbing, we will do it for you,
but we will be honest about it
and tell you it's worth.
The JERRARD PLUMBING Co.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
MEETS DEATH
AT FARGO.
Charlie Dolman Punctured
in Heart With StilettO
Suspect is Arrested.

Charlie Dolman, commonly
known at Fargo as ''SWede
Charlie, I" was murdered in that
city Wednesday night by being
stabbed to death with a sharp
instrument thought by the
authorities to be a stiletto. Clara
Clark, a woman with whom he
has kept company for some time
past, was arrested yesterday by
the Fargo police on suspicion,
and a search is being made for
one Miller, who, the woman
claims, did the killing.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
Indians on Reservation Re-
ceiYe Per Capita Payment
From Uncle Sam.
CHIEFS HOLD COUNCILS ON
TERMINAL PROPOSITION.
Decided That no Effort Will Be
Made to Interfere With
Railway Company.

The Bemidji contingent that
attended the per capita payment
at the. Red Lake agency, consist
ing Of A. Q. Narveson, j. A. Nc
Avoy, G. G. Folkers, e. F. Craw-.
ford, |. Berman and John Good.
man, returned last night from
the agency after having spent the
week there disposing of goods to
the reds: They report the pay
ment as being one of the quietest
that has ever been made at Red
Lake.
Each man, woman and child re-
ceived $3.50 as their share Of
about $25, 900 that was dis.
tributed. Major Scott of Cass
Lake conducted the payment.
After receiving their money, a
large number Of the Indians de-
parted from the agency to Bag
ley, Solway and other towns,
and those who attended the pay.
ment from Bemidji were some
what disappointed in not dispos.
ing of as large amount Of goods as
they had expected to. The money
was distributed on Monday and
Tuesday.
One Of the features Of the pay
ment was the holding of two
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
Mrs. Sullivan of Minneapolis
Says Beltrami Authori-
ties We're Lax.
IN NOT ARRESTING SLAYER OF
HER SON.
County Attorney Loud Clears Up
the Affair in Statement to
the Pioneer.

The following story was print
ed yesterday in the Twin City
newspapers:
The Investigation of the
charges of malfeasance in Office
preferred against County Attor.
ney H. j. Loud and Com mission
ers F. O. Sibley and Yves Wright
of Beltrami county was still
further complicated yesterday
by the charge of Mrs. Sullivan
of Minneapolis that the officials
of the county have refused to
issue warrants for the arrest of
persons accused of numbering
her son, J. G. Sullivan, who, it
was asserted, was deyoured by
wolves in the wilds of Beltrami
county.
Mrs. Sullivan says that detec-
tives in her employ have collected
a large amount of evidence to
show that her son was murdered
in hotel at Blackjack, and that
when this evidence was submit
ted to the county officials of Bel
trami county they failed to act.
These complaints were filed
yesterday with Governor John
A. Johnson, on whom Mrs. Sul]i-
van called in the hope that he
might increase the reward for
the arrest and conviction of the
murderers from $3.50, fixed by
Governor S. r. Van SAINT, to $500.
The governor listened to the
story of the woman, and in
formed her that he would take
the matter under advisement.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19

Is jI0()

Columbus, Ohio, May 19, 1903.
Some four years ago was suffering
from impure blood and a general run
down condition of the system. had no
appetite, was losing flesh, and had an all
gone tired feeling that made me misera-
bic. I began the use Of S. S. s., and
after taking seven or eight bottles my skin
was cleared of all eruptions and took on
ruddy, healthy glow that assured me that
my blood had been restored to its nor
NAL, healthy condition. My appetite was
restored, as I could eat anything put be-
fore me, and as I regained my appetite
Increased in weight, and that tired feel
ing" which worried me so much disap-
peared, and was once again my old self.
I heartily recommend S. S. S. as the
best blood purifier and tonic made, and
strongly advise its use to all those in need
of such medicine. VICTOR STUBBINs.
Cor. Barthman and Washington AYES.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19

Wheeling, W. ", May 20, 1909.
My system was run down and my Joints
ached and panied me considerably. Ihad
used S. S. S, before and knew what it
was, SO purchased a bottle of it and have
taken several bottles and the aches and
pains are gone, my blood has been c1eas-
ed and my general health built up. can
testify to it as a blood purifier and tonic.
1888 Market St. JOHN G. STEIN. !.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19

pany. At the coun ellis held this
week, however, the Chi els
were almost unanim Gus In decid-
ing to allow the rail way co mpany
TO use the land, and no further
trouble is anticipated.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19

sion of evidence that John G. Sui.
Ivan was murdered: and as to
who is guilty, they are cordially
INVITED to make it known, and
either myself or my successor
will most cheerfully and vigor.
ously prosecute.
H. J. Loud.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19

councils by the chiefs Of the
tribe to determine whether or
not to make an objection to the
use of the land on the shores of
Red Lake by the Minneapolis,
Red Lake & Manitoba Railway
company for terminal purposes.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19
Card of Thanks.

We wish to thank the many
kind friends who aided us dur
ing the illness and death of our
wife, sister and daugh-
ter, Mrs. Clarence Todd.
CLARENCE TODD.
VIM. SCHROEDER
AND FAMILY.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1905-05-19

Several councils were held last
fall at which the chiefs de.
termined to oppose the railway
company, and a formal protest
was made to the government
against the granting of some 300
acres of land to the railway com
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29

portant documents sometimes con-
surnes the time allotted TO several ses-
sions.
After the status of all the members is
fully established the chairman and
chief spokesman of the Japanese dele
CATION viii begin the practical part of
the negotiations by reading at length
the demands and ultimatum of his gov
eminent. An adjournment will then be
taken in order to give the Russian COM
mission time to communicate with the
home government by cable and to re-
ceive its reply and instructions as to
further procedure. Should the Japa-
nese present an unyielding demand
for territorial distribution and show a
disposition to continue the war until
the ratification of the treaty there may
be an adjournment of the commission,
the delegations returning home and re-
porting failure to their respective gov
ernments The opportunity for parley-
ing and quibbling will be unlimited and
frequently much time is consumed.
If Japan and Russia conform to the
usual custom the treaty will be drawn
upon large sheets of the heaviest white
linen paper, folio size. 1t will be in
manuscript throughout. The entire
text of the instrument will be in two
columns, one in Japanese, and the
other. an exact translation. in Russian
All treaties are written by the most ex-
pert penmen procurable, and If the
coming document is to be of japanese
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29
EQUIPMENT BUILDING. POE<T SrAOas1Es, y. u,
WHERE PEACE CONFERENCES WILL BE HELD.

construction there is little doubt that
1t will be an artistic affair. A treaty of
peace between nations usually begins
IN the name of the most holy and I'M
divided Trinity" Whenever Turkey
mas been party to such a convention
the form has been, "In the name of AL
mighty God" The former was written
IN bold letters across the head of the
treaty of Paris, neither was employed
in the treaty of Client, and the latter
was used in the treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo, which concluded the Mexican
war In the case of Japan, which is
not yet committed to the forms cur
rent in Christian nations, some other
introduction will probably be employ
ed. At least two original copies of the
treaty and perhaps several certified
copies will be signed, the latter for con-
venience. One original copy will be
placed on file in the ministry of foreign
affairs at Tokyo and another at the
state department at st. Petersburg.
Every nation is permitted by inter-
national law to use it's own language in
its treaties, whether for peace or any
other purpose. Until the eighteenth
century Latin was the only text en-
ployed- This was because educated
men of all countries were familiar with
the Latin, and it was the language of
scholars and of the church. At a later
period French became the language of
diplomacy, but since the time of Fred
erick the Great the German speaking
powers have been using their own
tongue. More recently English has be-
come popular treaty language. Even
the treaty between China and Japan
was written in English, and it is not
at all unlikely that the Portsmouth
document-if there should be one-will
be written in that language.
When the treaty is concluded it will
be signed by all the representatives of
the two peaeemaking powers. Each
delegation will retain a copy. On the
Japanese copy the Russian signatures
will appear first and on the Russian
copy the japanese names will have the
precedence. The signing OF the treaty
must be followed by its ratification.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29

There was a brave scattering when the
news was made public. Each man of
words made haste to get under cover
and diplomacy Ianguished. After
Waterloo. however, the way was clear.
The peace that was made lasted for
forty years and was really the founda-
ton of public law, long held sacred as
the common basis of right of every
member of the European family.
After General Scott had Won the war
with Mexico, President Polk sent
Nicholas Trist, chief clerk of the state
department, to that country to nego-
tiate a treaty of peace. General Scott
resented the presidents action, and he
was SO outspoken in his wrath that
Trist was officially recalled, but re-
manned to complete his work. The
Mexican president, Santa Anna, was
not on hand to conduct the Mexican
end of the conference, but the president
of the provisional congress assumed
power and a treaty of peace was made
and signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo. q
| little suburb of the city of Mexico. By
the terms of this convention Mexico
| lost California and New Mexico.
| The Crimean war was brought to q
close by the treaty of Paris of March
| 80. 1856. The parties to this agreement
were Austria, France, Great Britain
powers had long been at the point OF
rupture, but it was Russian greed thai
precipitated the conflict. The czal
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29

1nent, was signed at Paris and on Jan.
4, 1884. it was confirmed by the Ameri-
can congress. So slow were the means
of communication and so deliberate
was his. Britannia majesty in af1xing
his signature that it did not become
effective until April 8.
Although it was not appreciated at
the time, there is no doubt whatever
that Adams. Franklin. Jay and Laurens
won a victory quite as remarkable in
its way as was that of Washington at
MES once agreed upon.- the most vital
and holly disputed point was the de-
termination of boundaries. Britain
made a. strenuous attempt to restrict
the American commissioners to the or
iginaI colonies. but they chung doggedly
to the Mississippi as a boundary. DR..
Franklin refused fatty to concede any
western land to the Tories. No men
ton was made of the fisheries, and the
omission caused much subsequent dis
putation.
The treaty of Client, although it took
four months and half for negotiation
was a strictly business affair. The docu-
ment itself is brief and to the point
1t contains no reference to the causes
which brought on the war, but proceeds
at once to settle the ownership of lands
Canada and the United States with
great minuteness and also states the
American position on the right of pa
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29

Under international law the treaty is
not binding If the commissioners have
exceeded the authority which was
granted them Neither is the govern
ment allowed to exceed its constitution
al powers, and every treaty made out
side the country must be subjected to
the proper test. It is very rare. how
ever, for nation to repudiate the work
of its commissioners.
Peace treaties of the present age are
an outgrowth of the amenities of mod
ern warfare. In the ancient days the
negotiation of a treaty was stand
and deliver affair Take, for example,
the one made by julius Caesar at the
close of his eight years campaign in
Gaul, as told by himself in his famous
Commentaries He admits frankly
that he took everything that was NOV
able and carried it into Italy, leaving
peace behind him, but little else.
One of the most important of oldtime
peace treaties was that of Westphalia
concluded Oct. "a. 1913. It ended the
| Thirty Years war, in which Gustavus
| Adolphus fought so vaIiantly. This
long and bloody conflict had it's be-
| ginning in a, religious controversy. The
Professionals had begun to assert them
| selves and had seized church lands and
converted them to their own purposes
Ferdinand of Austria was a faithful
son of the church. and he was also g
shrewd political schemer. He coaxe6
| Spain to become his partner in a cam
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29

per search, paper blockades and the
right of expatriation. These doctrines
have since become recognized prin-
ciples of international law. BY this
treaty the United States obtained part
of the state of Maine. When this sub
ject was proposed by one of the Ameri-
cans, an English member remarked sar-
castically that it seemed hardly worth
while to waste much time over a few
acres of worthless land. Henry Clay,
John Quincy Adams, Albert Gallatin
and David Russell were the American
commissioners. They took ship for the
Netherlands and met the British COM
mission at Client, the ancient capital
of east Flanders. The sympathies of
the citizens were with the Americans,
and at the close of the proceedings the
municipality gave them a public din
ner, from which the British commission
resolutely absented itself.
During the decade and a half between
1900 and 1915 Napoleon conquered and
lost most of the European continent.
His Punishment to st. Helena was fol-
lowed by the peace congress at Vienna,
which was in some respects the most
important treaty meeting ever held. 1t
was practically a meeting of dictators
to arrange the map of Europe as best
suited them. Eight powers were repre-
sented-Great Britain, Russia, Austria
Prussia, France. Spain, Portugal and
Sweden. The most brilliant diplomats
of Europe were in attendance, and
there was a tremendous sharpening OF
wits. The grand poWwow was in prog
ress for more than year, and while
| it was in session Napoleon escaped
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29

obliged to relinquish rather more than
he had acquired.
The celebrated treaty of Utrecht put
an end to a war which had lasted for
fourteen years. It was all about the
Spanish. succession and was caused by
the attempt of that chronic peace
breaker Louis of France to seat his son
on the Spanish throne, which had been
willed to him by Charles II. The allies
under Marlborough proved too forrnid-
able for Louis, and he finally gave up
Utrecht and Rastadt. the parties to the
convention being France, Great Britain,
Portugal, Prussia, Savoy, Holland and
Spain Many important changes were
the result of that treaty and France
Jared rather poorly. The French prince
got the Spanish crown and England got
the Hudson bay region. st. Kits, Nova
Scotia and Newfoundland. The Han
overian succession, as arranged by par
lament was acknowledged by the pow
ers, thus shutting off pack of claim
ants. Spain ceded Gibraltar to Great
Britain and agreed not to transfer to
France or any other continental power
any further territory in America. There
were many other provisions, one OF
them being that a British company was
given the exclusive contract for thirty
years to supply Spanish-America with
negro slaves.
| When England was forced to &C
knowledge to herself and to the world
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29

that she could never reconquer her re-
bellious American colonies negotiations
were opened reluctantly and with ex-
ceedingly bad grace for concluding a
treaty of peace. Paris was chosen as
the place of conference, although the
English commissioners would have pre-
ferred some other point. There were
SO many and such serious differences
at the early meetings of the commission
ers that progress was very slow and
adjournments were frequent. There
were no cables or steamships in those
days, and it took a good deal of time
to send home for instructions. The
commissioners were a long time in
agreeing on the provisional articles.
and there were many occasions when
it seemed as though any sort of agree
ment would be impossible. On Nov. ID.
1882, the protocol was signed by Rich
ard Oswald, commissioner for King
George, and John Adams, Benjamin
Franklin, John Jay and Henry Laurens
on behalf of the United States. I'VE
hope the terms we have obtained will
be satisfactory, though to secure our
main points we may have yielded too
much in favor of the royalists." wrote
Franklin to Livingston.
1t soon became evident, however, that
the king and his ministers did not see
the matter in that light. They were
disposed to believe that the American
commissioners had not yielded enough
It was not until Aug. of the follow
| ing year that King George could make
up his mind to ratify the treaty. A
dednitive treaty, which was practically
| the same as the preliminary 1nstru-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-07-29

seized some of the minor Danubian
provinces, over which the sultan held a
quasi suzerainty, and it took about a
year to convince him that he had ex-
ceeded his right During that period
occurred the desperate battles of In
herman and BaIaklava. The treaty that
followed made the Black sea neutral
to all commerce, but closed to ships of
war except a specified revenue force
for Russia. and Turkey. 1t. also shut
out all vessels of war from the OAR
danelles, and the Russians were
required to abandon their alleged
protectorate of the Danubian pro-
vinces.
The American civil war had a Pc
culiar ending. There was never any
peace treaty. but the war ended with
the surrender of General Lee at Apo
nattox Court House. Technically, the
war closed in each state at the time of
the proclamation of it's close in that
state was made. Poetic imagery has
clothed the episode of Lees surrender
in fanciful terms. but it was a very
simple affair. Rather than subject his
men to further slaughter General Lee
made up his mind to surrender, and
some correspondence took place be-
tween the two commanders in refer
ence to the matter. Lee offered to treat
for peace after the usual method but
Grant declined on the ground of lack
of authority. The leaders met in the
little parIor of w. McLean's farmhouse
at Appomattox Court House and talked
it all over. Grant demanded, as the
easiest way out of the dilemma, that
Lees men should lay down their arms