davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29

Highest temperatures ever observ-
ed by government weather bureau,
Phoenix, Ariz, 119 degrees.
Lowest temperature given in gov
eminent records, Poplar River, Mont,
SO degrees below zero.
Greatest variation in temperature
In the course of year, Miles City,
Mont. from III degrees above to 43
degrees below zero.
Average of the highest temperature
recorded every day for a year, Yuma,
Ariz., Sc degrees.
Average of the lowest temperature
recorded every day for year, Willis
ton, N. D., &c degrees.
Highest daily average for a single
month, July, Yuma and Phoenix,
Arib., l04 degrees.
Lowest daily average for a single
month, Williston, "a degrees above
zero.
A few high records: San Fran
cisco, 1873; Yuma, Ariz., 11S; Walla
Wa1la, Wash, 113; Sacramento, Cal,
ITO; Boise City, Idaho, and Miles
City, Mont, Ill degrees.
Some averages of the lowest tenn
perature recorded every day for a
year: Bismarck, N. D., 2s; Moorhead,
Mimi, 2s, and Duluth, Mimi, 2S de-
grees.
Average of the lowest temperature,
day and night, recorded at Moorhead
in a year, 3s.9 degrees
Official records show that Just
across the border in Canada there
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29
NOTICE.

Notice Is hereby given that the
postponed annual meeting of the
stockholders of the Evergreen State
Fruit company. a corporation, will
be held at the office of the company
at Its plant on Richland Prairie, near
the city of Spokane. in Spokane
county. Washington. mt II a. m. upon
the 10th day of July. 1905. at which
meeting will come up the election OF
a board of trustees. the subject OF
the present land holdings of the COM
pany and of calling into the treasury
a portion of the stock. and such other
business as may properly come before
said meeting. FRED SETTER,
Secretary of the Evergreen Fruit
Company.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29
w. A. HARMED.

The American tennis team now in
England is creating a furore in net
and racquet circles by winning every
thing in sight. The quartet went
abroad to compete in the internation
al championship to be held at the
Queens club, and their brilliant play
and easy victories over all corners
have made them the lions of the hour.
Up to the present them have not met
the Doherty brothers, who are head
and shoulders above all English ten
mis- men, but even these peerless play
ers are not counted upon to mar the
brilliance and winning dash Of the
invaders
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29
sfs Riverside Avenue, Ground Floc

Nv Riverside Avenue, Ground FToot
$lloo-New six-room house. stons
foundation. attic. city water. on Trac-
ton company's new car line in north
west part OF city. This is a good buy
and will be worth more as soon as tho
cars commence to run. Terms. $500
cash, SIS per month, 8 per cent.
t1Soo-A fve-room house, stone
foundation and cellar, city water.
lawn and trees. small barn, chicken
house and yard; lot 75x12o. Terms.
$500 cash. balance $40 per month. .
per cent. or will trade equity as first
payment on or - acre tract close
to city.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29

CINCINNATI. o., June 29.--The
annual open championship tourna~
ment of the Western Golf association
opened auspiciously today on the
links of the Cincinnati Golf club. AS
in previous years the tournament is
open to all. whether amateur or pro-
fesslonal and no matter whence they
hail from. The entry list this year
is large and of a high class, two
facts which combine to give promise
of an unusually successful tourna-
mcat.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29

The horse shown in the picture in
G. most graceful attitude was the
winner of a horse jumping competi-
ton at the English Royal Military
tournament. 1t was really magnifi-
cent feat. The animal, trained to per-
lection, was told to go ahead and
clear all obstacles.
one of these was an officers mess
table. placed purposely, because many
wagers had been laid that the horse,
not ever having been submitted to
such an unexpected obstacle, would
swerve from it, How he didn't
swerve is beautifully shown in the
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29

Chronic bronchial troubles and
summer coughs car be quickly reliev-
sS ana cured ~ Foleys Honey and
iaI. Soio-"J Cnas. McNab, 400 Riy,
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29
WARMING.

WARNING.
If you have kidney or bladder trou-
BILE and do not use Foiey's Kidney
Cure. you will have only yourself to
blame for results, as IL positively
cures all forms OF kidney and blad-
der diseases. Sold By Chas. McNab,
~ RiveTsi6c ave.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29
THF Traders NATIONAL BANx
OF SPOKANE, WASH.

Capltai .$Z00, 900
Surplus and profits. 900
Officers-Alfred Coolidge, president;
A. Kuhn, vice president; Chas. S. Ell
tinge, cashier; ]. Elmer West, assist
ant cashier.
Dircctors-M. NJ. Cowley, Patrick
Clark. James Mona CHAN, A. Kuhn, AL
fred Coolidge. d. NJ. Drumheller. ].
Elmer West
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1905-06-29

BLACKSMITH shop, complete, close
IN, rent So per month, owner leaving
city, $3.50.
Lots In Heath's and Cannon Hill
additions; small cash payments; bal.
ance small monthly payments.
JAMES b. GRAY.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

chung with the tenacity of an inventor,
and upon which he staked his all,
brought 1t to pass.
We have said that Gustavus Swift left
the cattle buying business in Brighton
and other Massachusetts towns when he
discovered how superior western cattle
were over those of the east, and how
much more money there was for him in
dealing in westerns.
Although he later gave evidence of the
innate genius for organization and mon
ey making, he had not up to his remov-
al to Chicago been successful except in
very small way. Utmost frugaity and
lncessant attention to business had Civ
en- him slender bank account.
The First Refrigerator Cars.
Nelson Norris, who was rated as one
of the cattle kings in the Chicago
yards even then, had been experiment
ing with the shipment of meats in box
cars packed with ice. These experiments
had been very crude and not entirely
satisfactory to Morris, but Swift had
watched them with keen interest. He
seemed to have prophetic vision of the
present day. He could see that if meats
could be shipped east dressed there
would be great saving over the method
OF the day, shipping live cattle, beef on
the hoof.' He realized that the beef
business would surely grow and that the
economy of the new method would mean
great deal of money. He formed de-
termination which later discourage
ments showed nothing could break to
succeed in shipping dressed beef.
About that time an inventor by the
name of Tiffany had invented and pat
ented refrigerator car which promised
to be successful. He tried to get back
ing and Norris refused it. Gustavus
Swift, practically unknown, asked the
railroads to furnish some of those cars
and he would furnish the dressed beef
for the eeast The railroads refused To
build and own such cars would take sew
eral thousand dollars, and Swift could
not well spare it from his business.
which was growing so fast that it kept
him cramped for capital. His associates
In the packing business told him he
would ''go broke" If he put any money
lhlO IilC many CdlS, DuI ne IlShbu ldll-
ure and consequent ruin, and plunged in,
having three cars built. The railroads
were to haul these cars, and Swift had
no thought of asking pay for the mileage
travelled by his cars. He was satisfied to
have the advantage over competitors of
owning and shipping in refrigerated
cars.
Growth of Private Car Line Evil.
When the trial of the cars had become
more than an experiment Swift realized
it was success. and as fast as he could
he had more of them built. Morris, too,
and others at the Chicago yards had re-
frigerator cars constructed for them.
Dressed beef could be shipped to eastern
points at such a great saving over ship
ping live cattle that there was saving
to consumers, which stimulated the de-
mand for dressed beef and a big profit
for the packers. The refrigerator cars
had come to stay, and Gustavus Swift
managed to maintain the lead he had Sc
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

still matters for proof Even Ogden
Armour declared he did not know how
much they were, and his statement is
not questioned.
Present Leaders of the Beef Trust.
Whatever may be said in denunciation
of the system of the beef trust, no
charges are made of lack of integrity, OF
truthfulness, or of immortality against
j. ogden Armour The operations of tina
trusts have impoverished farmers ani
stockmen, have broken banks, have pre-
cipitated strikes, and have caused sur
cides, have ruined towns and cities. but
the personality of j. ogden Armour is
that of an interesting, manly and fine
type of American manhood. AT his sug-
gestion railroads may dismiss the gen.
eral manager, and commission mer-
chants may be blacklisted and ruined,
for the beef trust is Unsuitable and re-
morseless, but j. Ogden Armour is re-
spected and cordially liked by the en-
ployes who know him, and although he
is hated in Wall street. among his
friends and business associations, and
fellow members of his clubs, he is popu-
lar and companion eagerly sought for.
Less is known of the head of the Swift
G. Co. corporation than of the Armours,
because Louis F. Swift's home has al
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

There was time when the California
Fruit Transportation company was su-
preme in the California fruit trade But
the Armour interest got contract with
one of the two great fruit shipping
houses by promising that house $40 q
car rebate on every car of fruit; then the
Swifts bought the rival concern, which
by reason of the decline of its business
as result of the Armour inroad had
gone to smash and then by quiet mu-
tual agreement the Swifts and Armours
had things their own way.
The contracts with the railroads re-
quire of the roads that they use no other
refrigerator cars than those of the beef
trust, called by 20 different names; they
require that the cars shall be returned
as speedily as possible, and In fact tho
railroads give the preference to the beef
trust cars over their own few refrigerat-
or cars. The minimum loading weight
is as low as possible. so that the ship
ments shall require as many refrigerator
cars as possible, with consequent in~
crease in the mileage.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

organized, was $2OO,OOOOOO, and the
value of its capital stock was ac-
cepted at $75,OO0,OOO. 1t has branch
houses all over the east and west, and in
Europe. 1t has packing houses in st.
Paul, Kansas City, st. Joseph, st. Louis
and other cities. The death of Gustayus
Swift and Philip ID. Armour did not take
place until both men had seen the re-
suits of their achievements in mammoth
packing plants, and ledger figures of
millions. The control of the business is
virtually now in the hands of j. Ogden
Armour, who began work for his father
at $40 a week as clerk, and who now Is
the dominant factor in meats, grains,
fruits and dairy products in the United
States.
A Chapter of Beginnings.
Only America can furnish examples OF
such personal achievements as the life
stories of Swift, Armour and the Cuda-
ny brothers disclosed. Sandwich, Mass.
Is small towa, and Gustavus Swift's
parental home near there was a stony
and Improbable farm, When he was
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

born, June "a, 1899, there seemed no
prospect for the child but to live the pro-
sale life of a farmer, such as his father
and his fathers father had been. He
grubbed amongs tho stumps and the
stones and fought with nature for a
meager crop until he was % years old.
Then he moved to Barnstable, full of
confidence that the ability he had shown
in buying and selling cattle, and swap
ping horses would yield him g better
living than he could expect from farm
ing in New England. He bought cattle
at Barnstable, gradually branching out
to Brighton and Watertown, and later to
Albany In 1869 he discovered there was
more money in western cattle; then he
moved to Brighton, thence to Clinton,
in Massachusetts. His dealings had
been small and his field had been limit
ed, when he moved to Chicago in 1875.
Neither he nor anyone else guessed his
latent genius for large affairs, for or
ganizing and constructing, which in
very few years in Chicago had become
conspicuous by growth of business until
his reputation was national.
Philip ID. Armour, who started life as
a blithe and barefooted country boy in
New York state,we to Milwaukee when
he took Horace Greeley's advice to
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

cured by his nerve and faith in the ex-
pertinent.
The various packers during the seven
ties found that success or failure de-
pended on whether they had refriger-
ator cars. They were content to keep
within the legitimate advantages and
profits of the meat trade, but the smaller
packers were soon put to death by the
big ones who had the refrigerator lines
to club them with.
The fact that the refrigerator cars
were first used by the Chicago packing
houses is one of the great reasons for the
great growth of the Chicago livestock
and packing business which centralizes
the beef trust of the present at Chicago.
This explains the growth of the re-
frigerator lines until there are In opera
tion $4,000 cars for which every railroad
pays mileage, and which the Armours-
Swifts-C -Cudahys own or control, from
which they derive an enormous annual
revenue.
1t is the ownership of these refriger-
stor cars which has put the price OF
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

assistants. The great Advantage of the
combine over the independent packers
was, like that of the Standard Oil com
pany, rebates from railroads which gave
them immense profits when others were
doing business at loss. The grip of
the beef trust Is upon so many more peo-
pie and affects the three meals per day
of all of them SO yitally that Standard
Oil empire Is likely to be outdone unless
the present federal inquiry and the re-
cent decision of the United States su-
preme court sustaining Judge Cross
cups injunction against trust methods
results in the enforcement of the laws
OF the land.
The Standard Oil company deals in
oil and Its products, and its profits are
menace to the independence of the
American people. The beef trust goes
into far more homes and names the
price, not only for the fresh meat, the
salt meat and the smoked meat, for the
lard, the glue, the hides, the fertilizers,
all the products of the beef and hog but
the sQueal," but II also fixes the prices
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

young men to go west. A brother, Her
man o. Armour, had a grain commission
business there, and to this in 1868 the in
dustry of hog packing was added. JOS
eph +. Armour, the younger brother of
Philip, was in charge, and it was owing
to his failing health that Philip D.
moved to Chicago in 1875. He had be-
come familiar with every detail of pork
packing and had himself done all phases
of it.
Back in the fifties there was potter at
Callan, Ireland, by name Patrick Cuda-
by, whose four boys ran barefoot most
the time, and who begged for fresh
meat as luxury. This family of Pat
rick Cudahy came to America in the
steerage, with their carpet bags and
slender purses, in 1S49, and settled at
Milwaukee. Michael Cudahy was old
enough to do chores around the slaugh-
ter houses where his father found en-
ployment, and by attending school in
spare hours he acquired a simple educa-
ton, which he always improved upon
later, when he had opportunity. When
he was 10 he went to work in packing
house, and at 25 he went into business
for himself as retail butcher. But
Plankington &c Armour offered him
charge of their packing plant, which
was worth perhaps S35 5,O00-considera-
BILE in those days, a mere bagatelle in
these days of big trusts His sue
cess as manager brought out an offer
from P. d. Armour in 1873 for Cudahy to
become partner in Armour & Co. He
did so, and for 20 years had the practical
management of the stockyards end of
the business. He was rich, both in mon
ey and in good will of Mr.. Armour, and
in reputation, when he established the
Cudahy Packing company, which was
taken into the merger at a valuation Of
100000
Trust Magnates Live Simple Life.
All through their lives both Gusatav-
us Swift and P. D. Armour retained the
simple habits of their youth of early
rising, and of going to bed early With
all their wealth they cared little for So
ciety and were rarely seen. Both men,
but particularly Armour, were very ap-
proachable by any of their men, ready in
sympathy and prompt to assist in times
of trouble.
The business of the Swifts descend
ed to Edward G. Swift and l.. +. Swift
but j. Ogden Armour, the only surviving
son of p. d. Armour, is the nominal and
practical head of the packing interests.
Like his father he is simple in his taste
and without aristocracy or snobbisn-
ness, as genial and unaffected with an
underling as with head of a depart
ment.
What the profits of the beef trust are
cannot be estimated, although Commits
sioner of Commerce Garfield, in his re-
port to congress. after investigation of
the beef trust. gave them at SO cents a
head for every creature killed This did
not take into consideration the rebates
paid TO the railroad, which rebates are
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

fruits and vegetables FOR the tables OF
the American people up 10 to 25 per cent.
in cost.
Railroads Held Up.
1t is the ownership of the meat busi-
ness of the country which enables the
beef trust, the favored few, to dictate to
the railroads and make them pay for the
use of the cars and act as agents for the
car line owners in holding up the ship
pers of freight for the mileage of three
quarters of cent mile east of Chicago,
except in Canada, where it is one cent,
and one cent mile west of Chicago.
The railroads dare not protest, for when
they do the beef trust says in a menacing
voice that it will give the protesting
railroad no more of its freight. The
tonnage shipped by the beef trust is
enoromus, and no railroad dares con-
template getting out of the good graces
of such shipper. One can easily see
that with $4,000 cars travelling the iron
highways of the country daily the mile
age would be great big income on the
investment. The actual figures, as shown
by interstate commerce reports, are that
these cars earn at least 25 per cent.
The Fruit Trust.
1t is the ownership OF these refriger-
ator cars which has given the beef trust
right to claim the title of fruit trust
also; the fruit business is wholly at its
mercy. When the fruit shipper of Cali
fornia or Tennessee has carload of or
anges or Strawberries to ship, he calls
for a car, and by the terms of the beef
trust the railroad cannot do else than
send for trust car, which rolls down
from Chicago, earning mileage at every
click of the wheels, and into this car the
fruit is loaded. AT the destination the
consignee pays the freight and also the
bill of the beef trust for the mileage and
also another bill for icing the car.
When the refrigerator cars were first
used there was no icing" charge made;
for instance for the Michigan peaches
sent to Boston. When the idea was or
iginated of charging for icing the charge
was fixed at $50 for the trip. Later 1t
was advanced to $50. and now the icing
of car costs $45, about the same as the
freight. There are instances where the
charge for icing and for mileage is
greater than the tariff freight. But the
railroads are bound to collect the trusts
charges, fight to get them, go into courts
at the railroads expense to get them, II
need be. The railroads are absolutely
mastered by the beef trust, partly for
the reason that there are large railroad
interests in the hands of the beef trust
magnates and they make the other
stockholders of the railroads suffer that
they may get the rake off.
At the Throats of the Railroads. =
The packers have been at the throats
of the railroads since the early eighties,
when the Chicago, Milwaukee & st. Paul
railroad built to Kansas City and Oma-
ha, and to secure the meat business Of
fered to pay mileage charge for the use
of the packers refrigerator cars. This
was an offer which the other Missouri
river railroads had soon to follow and
thus was the mileage graft" saddled
upon the railroads of the country
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1905-03-31

ways been in Boston. He is more reti-
cent and exclusive than j. Ogden Ar
mour. Living within few miles of the
birthplace of Gustavus F. Swift, he lives
IN mansion which costs a fortune,
while the farmhouse in which his father
was born, which still stands. is small
and devoid of all modern comforts. He
rides in automobiles; his father, as a
boy, drove a butcher wagon. His income
and resources are like those of an en-
peror of the east; his father grubbed
meager living from his farm.
]. Ogden Armour has a home on
Michigan avenue which cost $125,0OO
His wife is beautiful woman, and So
ciety leader, who takes much interest in
outdoor sports and driving, who in an
unassuming and modest way is liberal
in her charities. At Oconomowoc. Wis,
they have summer home which is said
to be one of the most complete in the
country in eQuippage and comfort
Value of the Plants in Combine.
The following are the figures at which
the various packing plants were valued
in the consolidation which is called the
beef trust
SWIFT G co.
Capltal 25,00G,0 600
Annual business ........... 200.000,00
Stock value in merger ..... $4,000, 600
ARMOUR & co.
Capital ....................s 2O,OOO,OO0
Annual business ........... 200,00O,OOO
STOCK value In merger ..... 60,000,000
7 NELSON MORRIS G co.
Capltal ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5000, 900
Annual business ........... 25,OOO,OOO
Stock value in merger .... 100000
CUDAHY & CO.
capital ....................$ 5000, 900
annual business ........... 15,OO0,OOO
Stock value in merger .. $4,000 600
Stocks and securities repre-
senting purchase from
Hammond & Co. and Oma-
ha Packing company by
Armour & Co............ 100000
value In merger ......... 21,000,00O
Stocks and securities repre-
senting purchase from
Fowler & Son Packing Co.,
the Anglo-American Pro-
vision company, by Swift
& Co. ................... 5000 900
value in merger ........... 15OOO,O 900
Total capitalization of beef
trust .................... POI 900, 900
Remarkable Display of Genius.
The story of how the present gigantic
power of the beef trust was born and
nurtured has its beginning in the char
acter and personal achievements of Gus
.tavus Swift. However much p. ID. Ar
mour contributed of sagacity and ener-
getic constructiyeness, the present con-
dition of supremacy of the beef trust
and of subservience of the railroads, the
fruit growers, the farmers and the stock
raisers of the United States would never
have come about but for the rawboned,
money-loying Yankee, Swift the elder.
An idea that was his and to which he