davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-12-19

Mrs. T. y. Ferguson was able to be
up town this morning for an hour or
two, the first time since returning from
the trip to Norman. She took a severe
cold which brought on an acute and dis
tressing attack Of neuralgia and has
cause her to be quite m for several
days.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-12-19

The Self Culture club win meet Wed
nesday evening at the Carnegie library
club rooms. The program will include
papers on the Panama canal problem
and discussion Of the "Pacticability OF
Political meetings" Current event top
les will be presented by Misses Hoy
land Hoge, Calvert ana Cann.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-12-19

The Excelsior club closed the work for
1905 with pleasant meeting Monday
afternoon ai tho home Of Mm Mary g.
Hart on Eest Harrison avenue. The
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-12-19

Afternoon F'uchre cIub meets with
drs. J. C. Oraer.
. Mrs, William Grimes gives first Of
cries Of evening card parties
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-12-19

Attorney Geneml and Mrs. P. C. ST.
mons viii entertain guest during the
holidays Mrs. Ewing s,umm and two
children, OF Hutchinson, Kas Mrs
stumm IS q cousin OF Mira. simons
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-12-19

The public and county schools win be
dismissed Friday and the pupils given
a ten days vacation, school reconvening
on Tuesday, January q
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1905-12-19
SOCIAL CALENDAR.

NcaNNouaIs
soh Culture club meets in the even
ng at the library club rooms
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
RUSSIAN STRONGHOLD IN FAR
EAST cAPiTuLATss TO JAP
ANEsE sEsiEcEaS.
SURRENDER OF POSITION ENDS
MOST DRAMATIC EVENT IN
MODERN WARFARE.
PsoATiNc HAS BEEN coNTiNu-
Gus AND or MOST oesPER-
ATE CHARACTER.
cAp,TuIAT,oN OF PORT ARTHUR.


Port Arthur has surrendered. Elk
haustsd by months OF almost constant
nghting. decimated by disease and cas-.
ualties and hopelessly sealed In Its
rocky fortress, the gallant garrison
has yielded to It's gallant Lesiegers and
the end 10 now written of the most
dramatic war incident of modern
times.
AZ . O'Clock Sunday night General
Nosi. commanding the Japanese army
cf iAvestmsnt. received from General
Stoesssi. commander ct Port Arthur.
Q note saying that he found further
resistance useless aud asking for .
meeting u arrange terms Of capitula-
tion. The aots was simple and direct
and the japanese general Immediately
named commissioners to confer with
manaer. They mel n noon Aioaasy
and arranged the conditions 10 sulrsn-
der.
The siege and the defense OF Rus.
siA's stronghold In the Far hsast have
bean marked By bravery. CALAMITY and
despsration uneQuailed In nodern war.
fare and hardly sxcelled in military
hfstosy. The story Of the operations
around Port Arthur 10 one Of repeated
fghttnes both by land and sea, OF the
most desperate and thrilling character.
Isolated instances Of heroism that
would have set the world ringing I'M
der less overwhelming circumstances
havs been dwarfed BY the generally
magnificent conduct OF both forces
uykA n<a& AAeh... -. xxa - aan
life and In money no estimate OF even
approximate correctness . be made.
The losses have been appalling. IL has
been reported that In some engage.
ments leading up to the recent capture
Of 203-Meter hill the attacking force
lost as high az ~ per e n Of the force
engaged, while the g%arrison's losses. OF
which no word has come. must have
been frightful.
The defense of the position, which
fell to her as q heritage after the
Chinese-Japanese war, has cost Russia
practically her entire feet in those
waters. Her ships lie from Port Ar
thurs inner basin to Chemulpo, in
Korea, and along the S%hantung penin-
sula. battered hulks of once proud yes
sells; Ut. ANONYMOUSLY dismantled.
are, interned in neutral Chinese har-
bors. Save the three or four cruisers
and some lesser craft that lie In the
icebound refuge of V~ladivostok not a
warship now flies the Russian cross
in the waters OF the Northern Orient.
And japan. too. has had her losses In
the long drawn out operations. Mines
have struck from Admiral Togo's feet
list many fine ships and smaller yes
sells since the morning of Feb. g., when
he hurled his feet at the Russian ships
in Port Arthur's roadstead.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
NORWAY.
Christiania.

Says the "Skandinaven" Chicago, in
an editorial entitled: Norway and the
Paris Trip" Norway has the great
est reasons to feed elated oyer her
participation In the peace journey to
Paris. Norway's position as an indie
pendent country came into evidence in
all Its forms and the Norwegian nation
al air became known and loved by the
Partisan. says a verdens Gang cor
respondent. Never before has Nor
way been so well understood in the Of
ncial world and especially by President
Loubet. who could not ind words
enough to express his enthusias SIN for
the land Of the Ibsens, Bjornsona.
Griegs and Nansens. There was not
any sensational collision with our
Swedish friends. but there was q
s~teadfastness evinced by the delegates
from both lands which could not fab
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
DENMARK.
Copenhagen


Among a number Of Danes who are
besiesesi at Port Arthur H. Nine. Gadd,
wife OF a Russian officer, who Is com.
mander Of the Russian torpedo-boat
"Chiiny.' Mime. Gadd Is the daughter
Of Nine. Anna Nilsson, who owns the
Grand Hotel Nilsson" In Copenhagen.
The young officers wife who had an
opportunity to leave for her native
land before the siege started, preferred
to remain with her husband In the be
lea CURED city. and lis now one OF the
m0st active members OF the Red Cross
society. In a letter to her mother.
bearing date Of Aug. 20, she describes
conditions In Port Arthur ss some
thing inhuman and states that thr
world will never know Of the terrible
condition within the walls or ~
doomed city"
Danish West India" is the ma me OF
q plantation company In Copenhagen,
holding it's annual meeting a few days
ago and the annual report shows that
the affairs Of the company are In ex-
ceilent condition. The president OF
the company Ii Holger Petersen. The
company now controls 1000 acres on
which the principal product is banan-
m. Not less than 2.6G9. 300 pounds OF
sugar was raised during the past years
and the company's assets are 10Y
valued at 100000 crowns.
Director ]. n. Oiesen, who for sew.
eral years has been employed as first
secretary with the British Chinese
Msritlme customs department In Pekin,
China. has been spending a few weeks
In Copenhagen visiting relatives and
old friends. Mr.. Oiesen Is now FIRST
assistant TO Sir Robert Hart. who 10
general director of customs for the
British Chinese trade In Pekin.
A number of Copenhagen papers are
taking War Minister Msdsen to task
because he has allowed Danish gun
factories to manufacture weapons for
Russia. 1t Is believed that the mat
ter will be brought up before the riks-
dag, where 1t viii undoubtedly cause
q heated discussion, and bring forth
a storm OF protests.
The RingkJoDing "a mills were com
pletely destroyed by a fire a few days
ago. entailing a loss of 100000 crowns.
The plant belonged to Nine. Emelit
Hoy Of Copenhagen. and has for many
years been a splendid enterprise.
The tooth anniversary Of the birth OF
the famous Juvenile writer. Hans
Christian Andersen. will be observed
at Odense on April 2. On that &C.
casion thousands Of visitors are ex.
pected to be present.
Rev. George Christen Brammer, for
more than forty years pastor Of the
Urlev and Stenderup congregations,
died a few days ego. aged n ypars.
He wss born In Raskov and was . son
of Bishop Brammer.
MARION 8. NORELLUS.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
CLAPP is. NOMINATED
REPUBLICAN CAUCUS RENAMEs
MINNESOTA SENATOR TO
SUCCEED HIMsELF.

st. Paul. Jan. 4.--Moses N. Ciapp
will succeed himsslf In the United
States senate.
At a joint caucus OF the Republican
senators and house members Tuesday
night the junior United States senator
for Minnesota received q total Of LET
votes, or more than thirty-ive votes
above a majority OF all the members
Of the two legislative bodies. His
friends declared ut the close of tho
caucus that only the mere formality
Of a joint caucus scheduled for Jan.
IL remained to re-eleet him to the sen
ate for q term OF six years.
Senator Thompson Of Fillmore
called the caucus to order. Representa-
tive w. B. Anderson Of Winona was
chosen permanent chairman and Sena-
tors Putnam and Torson and Repre-
sentative Adams were named ~ score
taries.
Senator George Laybourn presented
the name Of Senator Cfapp to the eau
u and after ave se~conding speeches
were made, roll call was demanded
and the vote az given above resulted
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05

russians Destroy Everything Ut vsius
Before s~urrenderina.

Chefoo. Jan. 3.-Midshipman Eliso-
itch. commanding q launch which left
Port Arthur al 8 o'clock Monday
night. said during the day:
No shot has been n. ed at Port Ar
thur for TWO days. That which Chi
nese heard Monday night was The Rus
slams blowing up forts. ships, maya
zines, warehouses. docks and every
thing valuable. When | left Port Ar
thur the fortress and the town was
almost completely wrecked. The war
ships died hard. Several explosions
were necessary TO complete the wreck
ing OF them. The Ssvastopol, after
catching hre. exploded and tul ned tnr-
tie. The harbor entrants is. bioched
with sunken ships, 1.s 49, nsvi-
gable craft - at poil Aithu. sfe me
hospital saips kassan n Mongolia.
You Need expect NO moe ships
from Port Arthur as these a.s una ole
TO cave on account OF the blocking
Of the harbor. $50 So
The statement that there remained
5000 lighting men 1T Port Arthur y
misleading. because a majority Of
these are sick D Slightly wounded.
There has been for some time ne
proper ~bandages and wounds have
been dressed with hemp. The news
that General Stoesssl WAS prepared 10
treat for surrender ~ received by
the soldiers with the feeling of utmost
relief. For Che past month severe
wounds have bee gladly received BY
the soldiers because they we're a.
lowed 10 rest. When the men we're
not lighting they were ~tuHnsiing %
half rations.
The bombardment of the last dag
or so was terrible. Everybody remarked
that even General Stoessel must see
the futility Of further resfstance when
nj guns are unable 10 reply.
We might have surrendered .
msnth g with the highest honor.
That resistance has continued effsc-
lively since In scarcely less than .
miracle. (
ut Is q mere handful or broken men
who surrender and q debris strswn
desert which the Jsrsnsse gain. Net
. Of Port Arthur's masninownt pub
lic works remain"
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
TERMS OF
AGREEMENT UNDER WHICH rus
SLAMS TURNED PORT ARTHUR
OVER TO THE JAps.

Toxic. Jan. 1.-THE ofHcial text OF
the articles Of ca%pituiation Of the
Pert Arthur garrison, signed by the
commissioners representing Generals
Stoessei and Nogi, has been made
public here. All Russian soldiers,
marines and civil oficials OF the gar
rison Inc harbor are made prisoners;
oil forts. batteries, vessels. munitions,
ETC.. are transferred to the Japanese
In the condition In which they existed
at noon Of Jan. 3, violation of this
clause to operate as an annulment OF
the negotiations. giving the Japanese
army warrant to take free action; the
Russian military and naval authori.
ties are to furnish to the Japanese
army an exhibit Of all f~ortifications,
underground and submarine mines, q
list Of military officers. of ships aud
the numbers OF their crews, and Of
civilians Of both sexes, with their race
and occupations; and all public prop
erty, as buildings. munitions OF war,
ETC., TO be left In the present position
pending arrangement for their trans
ference. Onicers of the army and
navy are permitted to retain their
swords and such OF their personal
property a. IL directly necessary for
he maintenance OF life. and with
one servant each may. upon signing
their parole not to take arms during
the continuance of the war. return to
Russia. Non-commissioned officers and
privates will be held as prisoners. Fol-
the benefit Of the sick and wounded
Russians the sanitary corps and the
accountants belonging to the Russian
army and navy will be required TO
serve under the Japanese sanitary
corps and accountants for such period
Of time as may be deemed necessary.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
10 win the respect au.. the most ,avor.


able impressions FROM the members Of
the French pa riiamenL w Norwegian
can forget the friendly Interpretation
given to Norway by sirrt, men ~
d'Estournefles aud the iju nish kmg.
dotn's representa- tive, tount Magnus
Frtfs. as little ~ they '-an torges the
genuinely kind expressions of bresher
~ loyalty from the Swedish delegates.
The highest Norwegian order vas als,,
awarded President foub-t, an actioi,
on the part OF King Osrat which ha>
been highly laudei all throughout No
way. The Paris visit Vas Il sll.t rSs
ful one In every respect aud viii be o.
great value to Norway ia y srsH.
many respe-.ts."
Readers Of there columns viii iouh,
less r-tle,nber the daring young sap
tafh ole Brude. who stsriisd To cruss
the Atlantic about foW months ago ir
Q hfe-boat named -CrNed." fU In
snre In journey Was safely made ami
the "Uraed" landed ut 81. Johns bee.
10. Captain rud. built the boat in
order TO win u prize which the French
government hxs offered fot the hes,
constructed iife-bost. and ih-ie 10 no
doubt bit what the young captain ha,
won the prize. The boat il -~quipper
with only on~ mast has an o,,serva.
don tower in the center OF the Geek
and has Q displacement Of shout
saghteen tons. Hundreds OF pcap4r
warned young Brude not 10 una k~ the
trip, but In spits OF au the wsvutngs be
Gta rted out Aug. II. stating that his
tntsntfon was TO cross the AtisntiC ana
setsnd the 81 Louis exposition. cap
tain Brude IN accompanied vn his
hsxardous Journey by WAR Thorsen.
from Aaiesund. Lars Madseu, FROM
vestuses and X. Johansen FROM Nori
hnd. This style Of nfe- host will now
b In general - by all stes mboa,
compsnfes rod win be . wsiuahie sddi
don to the many Inventions which
savs bs-u made fer the purpose Of In
s1eiug ssfsty In oeean trs vel.
DIR. indwig Dae. oS the Ia mia
university. cefehrated hts 10th birth
day. Dec. z. The learned men oi
ChEtstfa mia cameq 10 Day him their &C
spscts aud he was the recipient Of con
gratuiatory kilograms from prominent
educators from all parts OF Europe.
Or. Das has for many years been a
member Of the faculty Of philosophy ~
the Christian mia university and Is Ton
sfdered Norway's most leading author.
ity on the history Of philosophy.
Sixty members Of the French pariia.
rent will pay d visit 10 Norway next
sumner. and will during their s~ojourn
there he the guest of the members Of
the s%torthing. A visit will be made
to the homes of ibsen and BjNrnson.
Gunnar Heiberg has just completed
q play consisting of four acts entitled.
''fhe Tragedy of Love" Ii will be-
rendered in Christiania during the lat.
tar part OF this month.
The Holmen Kollen Skee carnival
will be held Feb. 3, ; and q. A large
delegation OF Swedish and Danish
sportsmen are also expected to be pres
ent.
The engagement OF Lieutenant Oscar
Zernichon of Christiania. to I.isbeth
Drachmann I'm. daughter or the celebrated
Danish poet. has just been
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
FLEETS Will 81 UNITED.
Both Divisions Of Baltic Squadron Now
at Madzuascsr.

Tamatavs. Island Of Madagascar.
Jan. S.--The division OF the Russian
second Pacific squadron commanded
by Rear Admiral Voelksrsam. which.
after passing through the Suex canal,
sailed from Jibutil, French Somali-
land. Dec. 10, for the island Of NADIA.
gascar. anchored during the day In
Passandava bay, In the n~orthwsstern
part of this island.
The squadron commanded by Adj
miral Rojestvensky Ia At Antonsil bay.
On the east coast.
1t is believed that the whole squad
ron later will rendezvous al Diego.
Suarez bay, on the northeast coast OF
the island.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
DESTROYED BY RUSSIANS.
Two Forts ut Port Arthur Blown Up
by Garrison.

Chefoo. Jan. 2.-Captain Kartow.
commanding the torpedo boat destroy
or Flastni. which put into this karbor
from Port Arthur. says the Russians
Sunday blew up two Of their forts
near the railway and completed the
destruction Of the cruiser Bayan.
Port Arthur II described by later
arrivals "a Q living hell.
The hospitals are said to be nearly
ell destroyed.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
DYING WoMAN's BHAVE DEED.
Although Fatally Burned Sine Saves
Her Children.

Norfolk, Neb., Dec. 3l.--In q are
near Elgin, Neb.. which threatened
the destruction of her home and this
hives OF her children Mrs. Joseph
Reuss was 50 seriously burned that
she died shortly afterwards. Mrs.
Reuss' clothes caught Are and che
jumped into a tank Of water, quench-
Ing the flames which enveloped her.
but not, however. before her clothes
had been burned on her. She dashed
back into the burning house, extin-
guished the fire and saved her chill
dren and soon afterwards died from
the effects OF the burns she had re.
ceiyed.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
LOOKUP BLOWN TO PIECES.
-
jaiI at lakewood, o., Completely De-
stroyed.

Continental. o., Dec. 31.-The Oak
wood lookup has been blown to pieces.
The one who did 1t took the dynamite
from q hardware store and left $50
to pay for II. The structure IL . com
plets wreck. There 10 no real clue.
but several men are under suspicion.
The mayor and marshal have been
conducting crusade against saloon
men who sold o. Sunday and one OF
them who haf boon Gnod $50 was 70 70
= ~ lookup tor nQarpoymenk.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
RUSSIAN soArs At cHEFoo.
seven Torpedo Launches Are Now xt
That Port.

Chefoo. Jan. 3.-Tuesday morning
two Russian torpedo launches from
Port Arthur arrived here. There are
seven Japanese torpedo boat destroy
ers In the harbor.
A third Russian launch arrived from
Port Arthur at 1913 O.. m. Four Of
the Japanese torpedo boat destroysrs
have departed.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-05
Port Arthur bal
hui frguri'

GeueraI StseHel psrtrio,st oru utr,s.
reuen $spen bis anI DE irsie
Eatruae nnb b.. na.c orn
lettea Vtann.
Bic Vadjrid,f Doa benz Sail Der &c.
ifaH8 errest in DER sanSsn >:sit
sas srufte Yafieben aHo
b0dyitr Sepauotrmns.
SdJnertarm in 2eatidDianS briaaf
Fob aab &eroerbea.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1905-07-31
DENTISTS.
VETERINARY SURGEONS.

T. j. LLOYD, d. V. S., VETERINARY
Surgeon and Dentist. The only
graduate veterinarian practicing In
Pendleton. office at Brock & McCo-
mas drug store. Residence telephone
Main 1871,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1905-07-31
BLOCK SIGNALS ON N. p.
System VIII BE Installed on Every
Division.

Tacoma, July 31.--More than 20
experienced telegraph operators nave
been employed by the Northern Paci-
fic railway for duty on the line be-
tween Tacoma and Portland within
the past two weeks, necessitated by
the installation of complete blocK
signal service on the south end.
1t was the employment of the oper-
ators by agents of the company In St
Louis and eastern cities that led to
the rumors that the company was en-
ploying the men as strike breakers,
in anticipation of trouble with the or
der of railroad telegraphers, but such
is now proven not to have been the
case.
The block signal service between
Tacoma and Portland will be complet-
ed early next week, and work Will be-
gin almost Immediately upon q simi-
lar service between Tacoma and Sc
attic. From Auburn east as far as
Ellensburg the block signals have
been In use for more than two years
and with the completion of the service
between this city and Seattle, North
ern Pacific trains on the western di'
vision will be safeguarded as well az
those of any system In the country
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1905-07-31
History of Boise Statesman.

The Boise Statesman observed on
Wednesday its 4lst anniversary, hav-
ing been founded July 20, 1864. It
has ever since been published contin-
uously and is the only paper in the
state whose career has dated back to
the first organized government with
In the limits OF the present STAKE,
The territory was proclaimed in Sep
tember, 1868, and about that time a
fort was established at the present
site of Boise resulting in the gradual
settlement of people there. Ada
county was created out of Boise
county in 1864, and the same year the
act removing the territorial capital
from Lewiston to Boise City was pass
ed The Statesman began publication
at "A tri-weekly at the subscription
price of 81 per week, or 500 per
year. From that time on 1t has grown
with the state and has shared its vicis-
situdes
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1905-07-31
Fremont County Rect Acreage.

John w. Hart, state senator from
Fremont, Is visitor to the capital.
Mr., Hart reports his section of the
state is highly prosperous Crops of
all kinds are large and the farmers
are looking forward to the largest re-
turns they have ever known.
There has been n great increase in
the sugar beet acreage, Mr.. Hart says,
there being between $4,000 and "a 900
acres planted. Moreover, the stand is
better than last year and the crop
over the entire beet section will aver
age between 10 and ~ tons per acre.
on some tracts the yield will be as
high as 30 tons. The farmers will re-
ceive more than a million dollars i'm
cash when the beets are delivered at
the factory.
Mr.. Hart states that alfalfa land
yields far better crop of beets the
second season than the first. He mar
rates that on his own place he has a
tract which was broken this year.
Part is in wheat which will yield so
bushels to the acre, but the portion
planted to beets may not go over Is
tons. on another piece of land that
he handled the same way last year,
the beets make a splendid stand this
year and the yield will be fully 25
tons.--Boise Statesman.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1905-07-31

d. A. MAY, CONTRACTOR AND
Builder. Estimates furnished on
all kinds of masonry, cement walks,
stone walls, etc. Leave orders at East
Oregonfan office.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1905-07-31
BOY Drowned at Astoria.

Astoria. July 31.-one of the sad
dest drowning accidents ever occur
ring here happened late this after
noon, when Garner Kesler. aged H.
lost his life. He was standing on the
old Trullinger wharf watching the
fishing boats. when the rotten plank
ing gave way beneath him, His broth
or Charles FASTENED to a ladder and
reached out to grasp Garner by the
hand, when the little fellow disap-
peared. The body was recovered two
hours later. The victim assisted his
father. who is foreman Of the Astorlan
composing rooms.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1905-07-31
Ice Plant at Hcppner.

Heppner will soon have an ice
plant. j. W. GOWNS & Son have pur-
chased the necessary machinery and
the plant will be installed this fall.
Everything is of modern design and
the plant will have a capacity of three
tons per day. The building will be
erected on j. w. GOWNS place. There
will be a cold storage room in connec-
tion wit hthe plant. This is something
that has beeen needed in Heppner for
a long time. There is a good market
in this county for small plant and
the convenience will be a great ac-
commodation, Natural ice at best is
not satisfactory and cannot be de-
pended upon, owing to our mild eli
mate.-Heppner Gazette.