The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1905-10-03
HELPFUL MICROBES.
BACTERIA THAT WORK IN THE
FIELDS FOR FARMERS.
Furnished Free by the Department of
Agriculture to Replenish the
Exhausted Soil with
Nitrogen.

Nitrogen.
Bacteria! The very word has an ON
nous sound. Every one instlnctively
wishes to keep away from bacteria as
things of fear, says Youths Companion.
But there are good bacteria as well as
bad benevolent" bacteria, that
ask nothing better than to work on the
farm, with no reward except that of
their own virtue. Uncle Sam thinks SO
highly Of this class of germs that since
August, 1903, the department of agri-
culture has offered to send them, free,
to the American farmer.
And if the farmer is wise. he will take
as many of them as he can get, and set
them to work in his fields as soon as pos
sible.
These industrious and deserving mi
crobes may be pretty well described by
calling them "nitrogen-f bacteria"
or in more cumbrous phrase, bacteria
OF the root nodules of leguminous
plants"
Any boy who lives on farm soon
learns that to restore the fertility of
worn-out fields, clover or its cousins
must be sown. Cow-peas. vetches al
falfa are all good for this purpose. In the
rotation of crops to keep land from being
worn cut, clover or it's equivalent must
come round every fourth year.
The farmer does not know why. but
he knows the fact. The scientist knows
why. 1t is because clover is a nitrogen
producing crop. Down on its roots are
multltudes of tiny nodules, and in those
nodules are bacteria which have the
power to take in nitrogen somehow.
from the air, and give it to the soil.
Then the corn and wheat crop take this
nitrogen up and exhaust it, and the
field must go to clover or it's related
crops again.
Almost one hundred million dollars
worth of nitrogen is exported from
America yearly 1t has been estimated.
in the form of grain The American
farmer, besides his rotation OF crops.
has been forced to keep putting nitro
gen back into the soil in expensive fer
tilizers. This seemed, to a certain clever
German scientist, rather a pity, as long
as bacteria exist which like the job OF
nitrogenizing the ground. AS man has
harnessed steam and electricity, why
not train germs to do the farming?
So for nearly ten years these bacteria
have been under culture and experiment
by Profs. Noble, Hartleb. and others in
Germany and lately by Profs. MacMn-
Ian and Burrill, in America The Ger
mans wished to develop high growth
of the germs on the roots of the legumin-
GUS plants in any soil The Americans
went further, experimenting upon wheat
and corn, TO see if a crop of grain could
not be made to grow itself and its own
fertilizer at the same time surely a true
Yankee idea
The most practical discovery, how
ever. is that Of George T. Moore. BY his
process every farmer can grow the nj
trogen-fxing bacteria himself and APP
ply them himself to his crop. He can
send to the department of agriculture
and get small packet of sterilized cot
ton, on which the germs are growing.
With this come two tiny packages OF
chemicals. One of these he dissolves in
certain amount of water, anu drops in
the cotton germs and all, to soak over
night. The next morning he pours in
the other chemical, and the germs de-
yelop until the water becomes cloudy
with them
This milky fluid Is then poured over 4
the seed OF the leguminous crop the
farmer wishes to plant, the seed is put
into the ground, and the germs begin
their career of taking in nitrogen.
They will do it in land where it has
never been possible to raise good cropof
clover or cowpeas before, and they will
do 1t tenfold in ordinary fields. The ex-
persmenters hope that the bacteria will
increase crops from i've to fifty per cent,
and do away with fertilizers.
II they can be cultivated on the roots
of corn and wheat-and some of the ex-
periments have been promising-the ro-
tation of crops can be done away with,
too, and grain-crops follow each other
without cessation upon the poorest soils.
All this seems like fairy-tale. But
the fairy-tale of science often turns out
to be sober truth. At any rate, the
farmer who bitches his wagon to the star
u progress is a wiser man than he who
sneers at new ideas; and If bacteria can
be made to pay off the mortgage, they
ought to be welcomed eagerly all over
the land