davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30
INVESTIGATE! INVESTIGATE!
That Is the Remedy of Trusts for all
the Ills That Flesh Is Heir To

I am one of the bedrock populistS
of '92 and stand squarely upon the
Omaha platform, which believe is as
good a platform for a union reform
party as can be put forth today.
/ am a constant reader OF The In
dependent and admire its unf1inching
advocacy Of the truth, no matter what
clique may be antagOnized, and yet it
is so confident in the power of truth
as to open it's columns to arguments
from all sides-a thing which few, if
any, other papers "have the sand to
do" / have many things that | would
like to say through it's columns, but /
content myself now with the follow
ing versified screed, which may make
a point and if you think SO print it.
A wondrous wit in congress dwells,
And wisdom vast its thought impels;
In every exigency dire
It knows just what the times require,
And does it too! With mind elate
It fails not to investigated"
The plutocrats With finance high
Pile up their shekels to the sky,
While shivering lambs of fleece bereft
Stand bleating loud to right and left;
But what of that. when, past debate,
The congress will Investigate"
Monopolists with ruthless hand
Seize all the business of the land,
While millions ground beneath their
heel,
The pangs of want and hunger feel;
No matter; bear your evil fate,
For congress will investigate"
Captains of industry" galore
Wiring millions from the helpless poor,
BY toll half paid, if paid at all;
But let not this your souls appal
Ye starving Proletariate!
For congress will investigated"
The beef trust, busted once or twice,
Gives beef each time another rise,
And robs you neatly in trice,
If you buy ribs or buy-a slice;
No matter! Thank God DER your plate
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30

That congress will Investigate"
The oil gang plumbers left and right
And grabs at everything In sight;
Your lamp and gas Jet, night and day,
Perforce to them a tribute pay.
Good souls, let this console your fate
Our congress will investigate"
The railroads lord 1t DER the land,
And break the laws with daring hand,
With rebates, watered stock, and all
Chicaneries both great and small;
They rob us both in fares and freight,
But congress will investigate"
A thousand trusts, or less, or more,
With schemes Of graft and grab galore,
Tax us and plumber us for fair;
On all we eat, or drink, or wear;
And our sole comfort, let me state,
Is-congress will investigate"
Investigate! Investigate!
tbs thus the big wigs save the state!
While millions sink in want and woe,
While bloated fortunes huger grow,
While crimes increase and virtues fail,
And perils vast our hopes assail,
And smouldering meath the surface lie
The fires of strife and anarchy,
The congress sits in solemn state,
Serene, sedate, deliberate,
(Cigar smoke curling round each
pate)
And says it will Investigate!
Investigate! Investigate!
Investigate! Investigated
1t swears it will investigated"
f. e. TOWER.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30


when, had the money which fills the
Golfers of the Rockefellers, the Nor
gans, the Phipps', the Carnegies, and
the tricks been justly divided among
employer and employee, happy homes
would be sheltering those old WORKOUT
toilers, instead of them being humiliat-
ed by being fed from charity's hand.
There is nothing that freezes our
blood quicker, than to hear some pratt
Ting, prating preacher sing the praises
of some devil who has donated thou
sands OF dollars to some charitable in
stitution, for it is just as plain as the
nose on your face, that if the wages
paid to those who toiled for that man
who is able to make such fabulous do
nations, had been just and equitable,
he would not have been able to have
made these fabulous donations, and
then neither would it have been neces-
sary, as just wages would have per-
mitted that employer to have made an
honest per cent on his money, and at
the same time permitted the toiler to
have made just per cent on his labor,
thereby rendering these numerous
charitable institutions" useless.
Whenever we hear some puny, pusil-
luminous, puckered-up mortal shouting
the praises of some human hog who
has donated thousands of dollars to
some charitable institution, we at once
hate the Shiny cuss, for it is prima
facie evidence, that he is either fool,
or has been bribed to sound the
praises of these "hellgamites," and in
either case, the evidence is strong
enough to make man who loves JUS
tice and equity despise the prating fool
who will sound the praises of gang
of men, who have done more to de-
stroy the hopes of labor, than any
other class of men that ever lived or
died.
We make the assertion, that in the
majority of cases, charitable institu-
tons" are disgrace to any nation,
for just and an intelligent God will
not populate country with his own
children, and permit them to suffer or
live from the hand of public charity,
as just and intelligent God, and one
who feeds the sparrow, has undoubted-
ly provided raiment, meat and drink
for his children during their natural
lives, and were it not for this tribe Of
wealthy villains, who confiscate the
products of labor, labor would never
be forced to lick the hand of charity.
Shame, Shame, Shame, upon land
such as ours, and then boast of her
charitable institutions rather should
we be ashamed of such institutions,
and hang our heads in shame when we
= ~-Ls
which have been built by the money
stolen from labor's Golfers and erected
for the sole purpose of covering labors
head when it has been worn out by
the eternal grind of the mills run by
the Gods of despair. and the vultures
of avarice-Nationa Rip Saw.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30

While congress and the general pub
lie have been consuming lot Of time
talking about government ownership
of railroads, but doing nothing to bring
about such state of affairs in this
country, the railroads have. been
Strengthening their grip on the gov
eminent by filling the United States
senate with their hirelings, who will
strangle any legislation looking. to the
curtailing of their power. Ten United
States senators, who are railroad at
torneys, took the oath of Office on
March 4, and at their head was Chaun-
cey M. Depew, the Vanderbilt mouth
piece.-The Midland Journal.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30

The difference Is the difference in
freight rates in the two states. Kansas
saves millions each year to the farm
ers. Nebraska has failed to elect men
to the legislature who would have
done their duty to the farmers who are
the real wealth producers. Holt Coun-
ty Independent.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30

If your wife objects TO your SUBJ
scribing for The Independent, take
her in on the deal by including an or
q = for the Woman's Home Companion
at the clubbing rate of 1.50 for the two
1t will satisfy her and no further OBJ
1ections will be heard. asp
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30

There is big money in oil wells. The
Bueno-Ventura Oil and Gas Co. are
offering ann excellent opportunity for
small investors to share equitably in
the big profits. Read the offer on an
other page in this issue.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30

The difference between the prices in
Nebraska where the state is railroad
ridden and in Kansas where the legis-
lators have some backbone and man.
hood is given, as follows
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30
Good Location for Populist Paper

Good Location Tor PopulIst Paper
We can give any good populist who
is interested, the name of location
where small local populist paper will
be given, by one firm, at least 500
worth of advertising and 5000 worth
of job work per year.-The Indepen-
dent.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1905-03-30
Protected by
Block Signals
Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway.

1t today has more miles Of
road operated under block sig.
nal rule than any other railway
company, The St. Paul Road
was the first railway to light
its trains by electricity, and it
now has more than three trains
from Union Station, Omaha, to
Union Station Chicago every
day.
For Time Table special rate write,
r. A. NASH,
General Western Agent,
1924 Farnam Street, OMAHA.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1905-09-07
City Ordinance No. 20.

An Ordinance in relation IN The hu,ldins nj
Flues Within The iimits OF The CITY Of Granse.
VILE, and 10 repssi OadinaSces M. 4 IA 4.
Of nc Villsse fnow Cttv1 m GranSevii,s
BE Il Ordained 81 ~ 4syor ana Conncii Of thu
CITY Of Orenesyilie:
section /. Tho uee Of stove pipes or any other
suhG1snoe thsM hriCt snS Morts. ~ WuSs
throurh any roof or onts,de waii 81 any bniid-
ing in the CITY Of 0rSnseviile. n hereby prohib-
stove pine or other 0ubstaucc other HIT brfck
and mortar O. fues through the roof Of outside
Wall Of any buiidin9 vifhjn tbe limit. III me
city Of 0Peneeville 1rosn ana Mar m 6rst 6av
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1905-09-07
City Warrants Redeemed.

Notice il hereby given that the following City
City Treasurer q drangevilIe, IDAHO. and that
interst on said warrants will cease on the 18th
day Of Sept, 1905, l0.wit:
Contingent Fund, warrants issued July 9Th,
1905, Nos. 266 to as. inclusive.
Public Improvement Fund, warrants issued
July 9Th, 1905, Nos. 213 to "a, inclusive.
Salary Fund. warrants Issued July Sch, 1906,
Nos. 81 to 285, inclusive.
Water and Light Fund, warrants issued July
5th. 1905, Nos. ~ to ~, inclusive.
Dated Sept. :, 1905.
HENRY TRLcHHR,
sep7-2i City Treasurer.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1905-09-07
Blde For Wood.

Bids will b received st the Jer-
sey House until Saturday, 6eptem-
Der l6, 1t 3 p m, for 100 cords Of
red hr, tsmsrack or pine wood,
cut out Of standing timber and dry.
Bids to state price ON each separate
kind. GEO. K. REED.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1905-09-07

the best farm property in the
county and may decide to move
here TO reside. They will leave
this week for . short visit at the
fair before returning 10 Iowa.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1905-09-07
County Warrants Redeemed.

county warrants win DO paid on presentation
to the county treasurer at his once in Grange
Vile, Idaho, and that interest on said warrants
will cease on the 18th day Of Sept. 1905, To- wit:
General road fund, warrants issued July 70,
1905, Nos. sos to 566, inclusive.
Dated Sept. 7. 1905. FRANK 8. RICE,
sep7-2l County Treasurer.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1905-09-07
wan Paper.

The largest Stock, the latest In
design, and the lowest in price u
tho new shop on Meadow street
near Vollmer & SCOTS. Il will cost
you nothing to look Il over.
A. w. ROBINSON.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1905-09-07
To Whom 1t May Concern.

To Whom It May Concern.
Notice il hereby given that my
wife, Margaret TAmm, hes left my
home without just cause or provo
cation and that I will not be re-
sponsiele for, or pay any bills CON-
tracted by her. F. Tsmm. s14
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1905-09-07

Newsomo last night.
w. N. Robinson came up from
Moscow yesterday en- route to his
mining property on Big Greek. He
will 60 In via Dixie.
The third trial of Congressman
J. N. Williamson for completely In
the Oregon land frauds began in
Portland on Monday.
Mrs. ]. A.. Pantall left Friday
for her home in Spokane after an
extended visit with her parents,
DR.. and Mrs. E. H. sheaffer, Of
this city.
A. ]. Turner came up from
Lewiston last night 10 take charge
Of the erection Of the Bargain Store
building. Owing TO the great difi-
Guilty in getting brick, . large por-
ton Of the building will be con-
str ucted Of stone.
For the convenience Of the vot-
ers In the Second ward, Registrar
Mrs. Alice r. Vincent will be At
w. E. Graham's furniture store
during each Saturday before cleo
ton. Those entitled to register
will bear this in mind.
Arthur A. Robinson, . former
resident Of this plsce, now residing
in San Francisco, was married
August % to Miss Kate Elizabeth
Heath. Of San Francisco. Mr..
Robinson is . son OF ]. II. Robin
son, OF our citv, and brother OF
Mrs. r. F. Fulton.
The Keystone Bar, under the
management Of A. II. Hauch will
be formally opened Saturday in
the new Basler building. The bar
and fixtures are the most expensive
ever brought 10 this city and with
other furniture make . most at
tractive place. They will make a
speciality Of the new beer made by
the Grangeville Brewing Go.
Anton Hendricks, the we'll
known Keuther vile merchant has
sold his interests In this county
and left Tuesday for Kimberly,
Idaho, to reside. MI. Hendricks
has been one Of Idaho county's
most substantial citizens for many
years and will be greatly missed by
his many friends around his old
home.
The public schools opened Mon
day with an enrolment OF 316
pupils. This, OF course is far below
the average attendance and will
be greatly increased ~ soon ~ the
busy season is over. The number
of children Of school age in the
district IL over 600 besides many
who generally attend from the
outside.
Mr.. A. Hauch, who 10 installing
the mahogany fixtures in his new
saloon in the Basler building ex-
poets to open the doors for bust.
ness Saturday. Mr.. Hauch has
decided to name the saloon the
Keystone owing to the fact that
he is . native son Of the Keystone
state, Pennsylvania.
Miss Glenn Steele returned Sum
day to Spokane, where she is en-
ployed on the editorial staff Of the
Spokesman Review. Miss Steele
was called here expecting to re-
main until Coroner Irwin returned
with the remains Of her brother,
Professor Steele, but AZ this was
uncertain she only stayed . few
days.
The Graneeville Savings & Trust
Company celebrated it, first ami.
versary last Friday in a most be-
fitting manner by q liberal distri-
button OF cigars to al who called
during the day. The year just
closed by this institution has been
. most prosperous one and the
bank IL receiving the earnest SUP.
port Of many citizens Of this vi.
cinity.
At the election Of the new mem
bers Of school board last Monday
there was no opposition to one o.
the candidates., and the usual OK.
element which prevails was moi
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
Club Managers ACQUITTED.

Roy Riley and Harry Dunan. mana gers of
the Villa Rosa Club, at Brentwood Prince
George county, Md. were acquitted at Up
per Marlboro yesterday of charges of v.o-
lating the liquor laws. Several weeks ago
a young man named BergIing was sent 10
the home of the club by a constable for the
purpose of procuring evidence of an alleged
violation of the Sunday law. The young
man returned with several bottles of beer
and stated that he had purchased them at
the club. Upon the strength OF his report
warrant was issued by Magistrate Carr
and the case heard. Rotert w. We.ls. coun-
sci for the defendants called four with sse5
10 contradict what the one young man had
said. but the magistrate held them gully
and imposed fine. An appeal WAS taken
from the decision of the IN lgistrate and
the case came up in the circuit court yes
terday. Counsel for the defendants was
prepared TO meet the charge. but triIl of
the case was not necessary, as counsel
found a defect In the papers. and upon h
showing an aequittal resulted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
Sale of Realty Decreed.

decree has been signed by Justice An
derson, in Equity Court No. /. in the case
OF n. Nora Hyman and others against John
b. Hyman and others, directing the sale by
Wilton. ]. Lambert and w. L. Martin. trus-
tees, of lot 81. square Do, known as prem
ises 1925 Madison street. The court directed
the trustees to dlstrI- ute the proceeds of
the sale among the heirs of Henry l.. Hy-
man. deceased.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
Mr.. MacfarIand Gratified.

Commissioner mcfarland expressed graf
ification today at the Endorsement given
yesterday by the savings bank section OF
the American Bankers Association to his
proposition for supervision of savings banks
of the District of Columbia by the control
Ter of the currency. The bill for that pur-
pose prepared by the controller of the cur
rency VIII be presented to Congress as soon
as II meets this winter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
Declared Not Guilty.

John Jackson. accused of housebreaking
at the residence of DR.. A Rhett Stuart.
Dupont circle and tried today in Criminal
Court No. /, was declared by jury to be
not guilty. 1t was shown that the defend
ant entered the residence In question with
no unlawful intent. jackson was repre-
scented by Attorney Campbell Darlington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
Route of Proposed Street Railway.

Citizens of the eastern section of Wash
ington are taking much interest In the an
nouncement made few days ago that a
bill to charter street railroad in their
neighborhood will be introduced at the next
session of Congress. The route of the pro-
posed line extends from Giesboro Point
through Anacostia and across the Pennsyl-
vania avenue bridge. thence along Kentucky
and Tennessee avenues TO 18th street north
east TO the Bladensburg road and a consid-
cradle distance along that thoroughfare
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
$I.3o NAPKINS, osc

200 dozen Irish Satin
Damask Dinner Napkins.
5-S size; all pure white.
In a variety of dainty pat
terms to select from: fast
sewage edge on two sides.
This is our regular $I.3g
number. One
p DAY, dozen, csc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
TOWELS. GAG

200 dozen Union Linen
Huck Towels, all pure
white, generous size; fin
ished with neat colored
border; soft finish and
thoroughly absorbent.
S s.; - .'.. 6Mc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
INFANTS WEAR,

Choice of Infants Long
White Cambria Slips. ruff1e
around neck and sleeves;
also Short Flannelette
Skirts, in white and striped
effects. Sizes @ months to
3 years. Regular a
25c. value. One SC
Day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
S.. 90 COATS. $1.o8.

Children's Cloth Coats.
heavily lined; trimmed with
braid. DOT b ! breasted
style. Finished with brass
buttons. Sizes 2 to Z years.
Regular 500 on mS
val alue. One , L .WO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
ST. SUITINGS. Goo

54-inch Fancy Mixed
Suitings. In the smartest eff
fects. including brown, blue
and gray shades. Qualities
sold regularly at
Soc. and S1.00 a MOT
yard. One Day. WV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
aoc. APRONS. &c,

Children's w hite India
Linon Aprons, with bretelles
of embroidery and insert
ing, h e m stitched ruffles.
Sizes 4 to IA
years. Regular ~s
39c. value. One ZOG.
Day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
ST. DRESSES, S7c.

Girls School Dresses OF
neat plaid worsteds and
novelty materials. Lined
throughout. Waists neatly
trimmed. Sizes 4 to IA
years. R e g ular OIL
S1.00 value. One SHG.
Day
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
UNDERWEAR,

Worth up to S1.U.
Special lot of Underwear
for women, misses and chill
dren. In half-wool. Atwood
and merino goods; including
shirts, pants, vests 90
and bands, One $780,
Day
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
BARGAIN SALE 4s $ss:s sS $S G%
"Mended' Kid Cloves, E6No
ST, Sf.5O and So Values. OWOo

MANY pairs Of Kid Gloves are returned 10
the makers In the a because ripped
caused by careessness trying These
placed with gloves-and when q large quantity
has accumulated get them to sell at fraction of
their actual worth
There nearly 5000 in the lot, consisting of the
finest grade Lambskn Kid, Suede and Walking Gloves.
In black tan, mode, gray, red and white. Correct 9
clasps. with self and fancy stitchings. All sizes
This Is the most unusual gove-buying opportunity
that comes t. Washington women-offering choice of
best S1.00 $1.J0 and s2.G0 Gloves at 50c pair
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
22c COFFEE Tor

Gillies' "Jav-Marmo" Cof-
fee. a brand noted for its
uniform high quality and
general excellence. Regular
price is 2Sc. a
pound. Ur
One Day.-...-....n - ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
o8c. DRESS GOODS.

75C.
0.inch Atwood Covert
Cloth. in desirable tan.
brown and gray. Quality
sold regularly at 60
CSC. a yard. One /ST
Day. W.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
$40 TOP COATS,
S77s.

AS a special for Thursday
we offer our regular SO line
of Mems Fall Top Coats at
$7.75--a saving well worth
coming after. Materials
are new novelty covert
cloths. in mixed and plain
tan colors; proper length:
lined with serge or venetian.
Satin sleeve lin
1ngs. Regular n7 =s
SO So value. One SI.IS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
MEMS SUITS, SS.as.

A Thursday Special.
Mems latest style Fall
Suits Of Atwood Black
Thibets. Fancy Worsteds,
Fancy Cheviots and CASH
meres; single and double
breasted styles: lined with
serge or venetian: tailored
with exceptional skill. Suits
that cannot be duplicated
In any other clothing store
in this city 40 ~=
under $40 and Do 70
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
&c. TOWELING. A3hc.

LOCO yards of Roman
Plaid Roller ToweIing,
pure white. with three
stripe red border, fast
selvage on both sides. Sold
S. s. b : yard .: '4Mc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
GLORIA SATIN. 26c

One of the best known of
the high-grade Innings. in
fast blac,, and all shades:
wear is guaranteed. Beau
tiful rich, lustrous 81
quality. One Day. ZQDC.
yard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
soc BELTS, q

Lot of Makers Sample
Belts of taffeta silk. In CIR
die and tailor-made effects.
Ring and metal harness
buckle. White and leading
fashionable colors y
- regular soc. ZO&e
quality. One Day..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11

Mrs. Lucy Parsons. widow of one OF the
men hanged for completely in the Haymar-
ket riot. was prevented by the police Sat-
urday night from making speech at
dance in a room In Chicago which was
known as Zepfs Hall at the time of the
riot
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
NIGHT GOWNS, 25t

Chiidre ms FIannelette
Night Gowns, In Hubbard
style; pink and blue stripes.
Also Flannelette Dresses,
trimmed wi
wash braid. Sizes ~ -
6 months to A ZaSC.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
75c. BLACK GOODS,

5oc.
Excellent quality Black
Paon Cheviot,. one and half
yards wide. Reg e~
alar 75c: value, SVCo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
ARMOUR'S BACON,
II3IC

Another shipment of Ar
mour's Shield" Brand Ba-
con, extra lean. sweet,
crisp quality. You know
the regular price every
where. One %
Day. II ,6ME
Id. II NitS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
The Kentucky District Attorneyship.
The Presidents Richmond Visit.

Mayor Carlton Mccarthy of Richmond
and William H. Curtis, chairman of the
committee on reception that will care for
the President while he is in Richmond, call
ed at the White House today to go over
the program of the reception in that city
while President Roosevelt is there on the
18th. Mr.. Loeb approved the program that
has already been mapped out by the re
ception committee. and no material changes
were made.
Savannah. Ca, for five terms chatted with
the President, expressing regret that the
chief executive would not be able to visit
trip.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-10-11
soc. SILK. aoc

Excellent quality Black
Taffeta Silk, rich luster and
close woven texture. Every
yard guaranteed.
Sold regularly at
soc soc; a yard. One soc.