davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-09-01

Council Chamber. Virginia, Mimi.

Council Chamber. Virginia, Minn.
August Is, 1866
Special meeting. -.
Present-Aldermen Bush, Madison, Wiygen,
Mr.. PRESIDENT. - j.
Observation-Disclosures George. Johnson
The clerk read the mayors call for special
meeting. -
Alderman Johnson takes his seat in the
council. =.
Communication from the mayor regarding
sewer lateralS was read. -,,'.
Ordinances Nos. SO and 81 were called up
and laid over until next regular meeting.
Moved and supported that the street COM
missioner be instructed to grade Lake Boule-
ward as requested by petition.
Carried. - r
Moved and supported that Edw. Johnson,
civil engineer, be employed to establ ish grade
for Lake Boulevard
Carried.
Moved and supported that the council add
jeurn.
Carried. "
A. N. THOMPSON
- City Clerk.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-09-01
Council Chamber, Virginia. MINI

e.. Council Chamber, Virginia. Mimi
~. .-.y,>-< August 4, 1905.
Adjourned meeting. : =
Council called to order by the President.
Roll call.
Present-Aldermen Bush, Mattso,,, George
Wiggen, Mr.. Presidents.
~Aoseht-Alderman JOhnson-1:
"A petition of the Chicago Auction & Com
mission Co. for auction license for 30 DAYS
was read by the clerk,
Moved and supported that the license be
not granted.
Carried.
Inc mayors appointment Of Victor Nelson
as special policeman was read.
moved and supported that the appointment
be not confirmed.
Carried.
A letter from }. w Kreitter, superintend-
ent OF the d. NJ. & N. R'y. and T. W. Lusk,
agent protesting against the large number of
ch1ldfen ON the platform at the arrival of
trains was read.
"A petition to change sidewalk line and
boulevard north Central avenue was read.
moved and supported that the rntit,on he
granted "heh majority of the property
owners signed the petition.
Carried.
pe'it'or OF property owners i'll the South
SIDE Addition for sewers was read.
moved ana supported that the city enei-
neer ne instructed TO draw plans for sewer
petitioned for.
Carried
ordnance No. 60 was presented for its first
reading
Moved and supported that Ordinance No. 20
receive ite first reading
Carried.
The clerk read the ordinance
Moved and supported that the council adj
)o"Fn until Tuesday, August 9Th. ut o'clock
D. IN.
Carried
A. N. THOMPSON,
City Clerk.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-09-01
Attest: President 81 the CITY Council
A. n. THOMPSON, ssss
City Clerk. i;
Approved August i. 1905.
NJ, u FAY,
.s5 .sss Mayor.
Council Chambers. Virginia. Mimi,
= u = August g. 19CS. CA. ~.

So 3.5s5ss zs.:55 August 8. 1905. 3
By Alderman Mattson. : e 5sts
Resolved by the city council Of the city 81
Virginia that the proposition Of sDoWlfne
Bros. to furnish all labor and material to con-
struct a sanitary sewer through the alley il
Block a from Wyoming. avenue to cleveland
avenue and north to -manhole on sewer be-
tween Maple and Spruce streets, All to,be
done according 10 plans and specificat lions
now on file with the city clerk, for the sum OF
-Four Hundred and Ninety Dollars be accept
ed u. as ~ :. n 4Tsss 6 :
= Moved by Alderman George supported by
Alderman Johnson that above resolution be
adopted. 81. *. s,se =: +
=Ayes-Alderman Bush, Mattson, George
Johnson. Mr.. President-5. .:'~> s*:.
Navs-None.: :. :. 80. = =
Adopted July S, 1905. - -
- = - H.. = hi - PA: COFFEy, g.
Attest: *@> President of the Council.
A. N. THOMPSON, .s-".. @-.:. =. .,-:~. : =
p s<,S City Clerk ~:--~-. - = :
: Approved August14 1905 F.. ,-s.z :.l1s
- J:.. MI. FAY, I.
Mayor.
Moved and supported that the council zad-.
journ. =. < Z 4 49, =,
Carried. - - H. :. d, =
- A. N. THOMPSON,
- - City Clerk
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-09-01
connect Chamber, Virginia. MINI
~ August 10. 1905.

August 49, 1905.
Special meeting
Council called to order by the president.
Roll call.
Present-Aldermen Bush Madison, Wiggpn
Mr.. Presidents.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT George, Johnson-2
The clerk read the mayors call for a spec
ial meeting.
Liquor license application Of Axel Pakksla
together with his surety bond was presented
Moved and supported that license lie not
granted.
Carried.
Petition Of Annie Shanedling for change of
sidewalk was read.
Moved and supported that the petition be
granted. ~.
Carried. * =. = sss.s;cs.@ - -
Petition Of Virginia Investment 90. for per-
nit to build certain cement sidewalks was
read.
Moved and supported that the petition be
granted to be put in to grade. II:
Carried.
Moved and supported that Edward Johnson
be employed to establish grade on Chestnut
street.
Carried
Moved and supported that street commits
sioner grade Cleveland avenue between Hem
lock and Locust streets.
Carried.
Resolution. -.
Council Chambers, Virginia. MIMI,
August 10, 1905.
Resolution relating to establishment OF, fire
hydrants and laying Of pipe by Virginia Light
& Water Co.
BY Alderman Bush. :. -~<N: =
Resolved by the City Council OF the City OF
Virginia, that the Virginia Light & Water
company be and the same is hereby directed
and ordered to construct and operate fire by
drants as follows: One fire hydrant at the
intersection of Central avenue and Cedar
street. one hydrant at the intersection Of
Cleveland avenue and Cedar street, one hy-
drant al the intersection of Wyoming avenue
and Cedar street. one hydrant at the inter-
section OF Birch street and Lake boulevard
and one hydrant at the intersection Of Mag
nolia and Mesaba avenue. - -
= Further, that the hydrant now located at
the corner of Mesabs avenue and Chestnut
street be removed to one of the corners
above mentioned and that the water pipe
now laying on Chestnut street between Me-
saba avenue and the Duluth, Missabe &
Northern railway right-of-way be~replaced
with new pipe, pursuant to the city ordinance
governing same. Said work to be completed
on or before January LIST, 1906 ~ i =;
Moved by Alderman Wiggen supported by
Alderman Mattson that above resolution be
adopted. = &
Ayes-Aldermen Bush. Mattson, Wiggen.
Mr.. Presidents.
Nova-N1,,o .,-..Zs-
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-09-01
Council Chamber. Virginia, Mimi

Council Chamber. virginia., Mimi,
Aug ], 1905.
Resolution authorizing payment of July
salaries
by Aldermen Bush.
Resolved by the City Council Of the City of
Virginia that the city clerk be and is hereby
authorized To draw orders on the city treas
urer in payment Of the following July sal
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-09-01
Council Chambers, Virginia, MINI
Anur1Sf 1OOS

tounci ChamOers Virginia, MIMI.
80 August 1. 1905. =
To the president and city council of the CITY
of Virginia: <
Gentlemen:-We, the undersigned commit
tee on finance. would respectfully report that
we have audited the following bills and offer
the following resolution for adoption :z5
E. G. BUSH,
o.. p. A. CoFFBY
GUST JOHNSON.
= -...-.. 49,. ~ = COMMITTEES.
Resolved. That the following bills be allow
ed and the city clerk be and is hereby In,
structed to draw orders on the city treasurer
in payment of same: *sE . s.-
Mesaba Telephone Co. ..s 4 g
The Virginia Enterprise, publishing Is q
Jacob Johnson @
The VirEinian, printing. land publish
I INK - -
ViEEista Light WateR Co, July
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-09-01


Present Aldernen Bush, III tson,. George sds,,,
NJ. President
Absent- ldermen Wiggen, ID ohnson-e.ss
Alderman e VI gen takes his seat ID the
council.
Petition Of property holders In the South.
/ side Add tion for Gu grading and improving
Of certain streets was read by the clerk.
Moved and supported that petition be grant
Carried. S szs5:s
;ss Council la Ohambers, Virginia, MINI,
August 81. 1903.
Resolut ion relating to construction: 81 sew
er lii District No. 8 D. s7 "a.
By Alderman Bush. Isl j. 81
Resolved by the city council Of the city Of
Virginia, Minnesota, that the plans and spec
ffcations Of I'D. Lamont, engineer. present.
ed to this council for the construction Of 4
sanitary sewer in the city or Virginia, ia
Sewer District Nos D., as esta bIished bysor-
dinance of the city OF Virginia be, and the !:
same are hereby accepted, and the city clerk
is here by directed to cause proposals Tor bids
Tor the construction of the above said sew
er to be advertised in the oficiaI paper 81 the
city, in newspaper printed at ST. Paul,
Al1nn, and in. the Duluth News Tribune at :
least once in each week for three successive
weeks. pursuant to the law lin sucl, case pro-
lvided. Ill = = y s:.5 s Il
Moved by Alderman Wfggen supported by
Alderman George that above resolution be
Adopted. s> r " ~ ~ 70 e. : 4. Sc
Ayes-Aldermen Bush, Madison, 4Wiggen,<
George Mr.. President-5.sz@ r., II y52Sg.s:S
: Nays-NOne. - .: - 80 @N::- -
e -~. -. P. A. Corey
r. ~-,2s President Of the City Council
= A. N. THOMPSON, =. ~ .ss 20 =:
= 49, City Clerk. -. Z.
Approved August %, 1906 - - - -.
- M. L. FAY, y
=. -, :. . .. :, Mayor
- Council Chamber, Virginia, Minn.,
August q, 1905. =
Resolution refunding toszAxel Pakkala Ii
quor license fee paid to the city by him, = j..
By Alderman George. i. 800, =.
Resolved by the city council OF the city of
Virginia that the city clerk be and he is here
by authorized and directed 10 draw an order
in the sum Of S497.2D in favor of Axel Pakkala
as refund Of liquor license fee paid 10 the city
or virginia, his application for]icense having
been disallOwed. -. = = So.
Moved by Alderman Mattson supported by
Alderman Bush that the above resolution lie
adopted. -..- - =
Ayes-Aldermen Bush. Mattson. Wiggen,
George, Mr. Presidents. y :
Nays-None. :, =, i =.
~" p. A. CuFFEY; T.
Attest: President OF the City Council
A. N. THOMPSON, ",.-S
-. City Clerk. $50
Approved August ~, 1905 II
N. l., FAY, -.
Mayor.
Moved and supported that the council adj
journ. -, -~~
carried. - =,
A. N. THOMPSON, 49,.
City Clerk. -
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1905-09-01

Fire Department. sala ries ........ 10 co
Fire Chief, salary. ............... 80. rs 90
p. Sullivan, chief of police ............ ~ 0o
j. f, MattsOn, patrolman. 60 90
}. Il. Fredriksen, patrolman. TO 90
VIM. Mclean, patrolman .......... 10 90
City Aldermen...... ............... 48 90
A. Hawkinson treasurer ......... 3s 90
a, N. Thompson, city clerk 49,. 50 90
DR.. J. H. Grove, health officer. Is 66
Otto A, Porier, city attorney. :...... Is on
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES commissioner 81 90
Nj. DonneIiy. janitor, 4-3l OF $780,. As 90
Mrs. Nels Anderson, days cleaning
in July at 81 so per day .............. 10 80
Street labor month of July ......... 564 80
=. ". Jackson. poundmaste r ..... 20 90
Fire Il larms... Observation-Disclosures. g. 90
Mike Alexson. rent of wagon.... eco
Ole Tarvas, rent OF WAGON. ..... .... ) IS
Moved by Alderman Johnson supported by
Alderman Wiggen that the above resolution
he adopted.
Ayes-Aidermen Bush, Mattson Wiggen,
Gtorg-, johnson, Mr.. Presidents.
Nays-NOne.
p. A. COFFEY, -
Attest: President Of the City Council.
A. N. THOMPSON,
City Clerk:
Approved Aug, Z, 1905.
M. L. FAv,
Mayor.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02
IMPORTANCE OF CARBON.
without IL or It's Equivalent We
Could Have No Arc Light

without " It's Equivalent We
Could Have No Arc Light.
The electric arc light as now SD COM
l..0ni. usel is produced by the passage
rf :, powerful electric current between
the slightly separated ends of pair of
carbon rods. or carbonS, about twelve
IN, hes long and from three-eighths to
si.a-half inch in diameter, placed ver-
(. ally end to end in the lamp. The
lap mechanism is so constructed that
VI on no current is passing the upper
Il. i,.n, which il always made the posi-
- 2Ac, rests upon the lower by the
=. .ian Of gravity, hut as soon as the
.t,.rt..' current Is established the car
!. - ar> an omatiaally separated about
K u Ct high resistance In the electric
* nit, across which the current is
iced, resulting in the production of
intense heat. The ends of the carbons
a,e quickly heated to brilliant mean
Grscence, and by the burning action of
The air are maintained in the form Of
l,,ttnt points. AS the carbons burn
;,EaN, tns amp mechanism IeeuS tne
upper one downward just fast enough
t. maintain the proper separation.
The carbons are not heated equally.
the upper or positive one being much
tho hotter. \ small cup shaped cavity or
"c.ater." ordinarily less than an eighth
ii an inch in diameter, is formed in it's
end the glowing concave surface of
which c!nits the greater part of the to-
tai light. In lights of the usual size.
soiGc.iin. like half Il horsepower of en-
crgy is concentrated in this little era
ter, and its temperature is limited only
lly the Importation Of the carbon. Car
bon being the most refractory sub
stance known. the temperature of the
crater is the highest yet produced arti-
iicially and ranks next to that of the
sun. ii is fortunate that nature has
provided us with such Il substance as
carbon. combining. as it does. the high
est resistance to heat with the neces-
sary electrical conauctivity. Without
carbon or an northumberland none is
l,nowa-wc could have no are light
Charles f. Brush in Atlantic.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02


.l.ore te.e,t2a ST.. az7c t,.,s# u, ~
,scrioea::ei; "uat u. "a G:S cross, lopil.'!
Thy ao!e...n ,oun.es.sngc w,ot,!l give Il
body the megrims. Who said we
could not he fricnds:"
Kempster turned his back upon her
and walked away. At the door he
paused.
by all this talk then thou doth mean
that thou cnpst not love me-that
thou'lt never be my wife?"
THY wife! A common farmers
wife," Ietty laughed Il low, ripping
laugh of amusement. NAY. good
Simon, thou must seek thy mate
among thine own farm, loving kind. AS
| for me. will wait the arrival of my
gallant coartier.'
"IIetty, hast foy";otten the love
| verscs:' His voice s,',,s cntreating,
| "'Ihe verses! Ia, i!a!'
She laughed again, this time more
merrily. ID speak o Your silly rhymes
as verses, forsoo.h! Why, body O me,
good Simon, thou ahoudst buy Il book
Of good VIII Sha!:eSielre's verses an
then thou'dst know what poetry is, am
ne'er more speak again, warrant
thee, O thy nonsensical rhyming."
Something must Lave snapped in
Simon's heart. it went Gown with such
a bound. Biin;sl. he turned and
CROPPED his way out of the house. not
seeing the sack OF potatoes resting On
the ground. trippcd and almost fel!
over the house dog lying asleep in the
shade and strobe on with head down
cast over the wet roadway, into the
dull shadows of tie approaching twi-
| lirl,t
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02

The terrors of the deep were perhaps
never more tEillingly set forth than in
the description by Il young lady who
last year made her first trip abroad.
She kept diary. very much, says the
New York Herald, like that of Mark
Twain. when for seven days lie record
ed the fact that he got up, washed and
went 10 breakfast"
There was one important exception.
When she crossed the channel the OK
perience was 50 trying that She felt
impcllcd to desc Ac,i'.
81 firmly resa!f'' = f.iy on deck. !"
she wrote. "altnoui;.l i.:n l. pest in
creased TO such frightful hurricane
that it was only With the greatest diff
Guilty that I could hold UP my parasol."
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02
8 Few paiIndro1ncs.

ut is fascinating occupation" said
n pliilologist. ito search the language
for palindromes. a palindrome is a
word that reads the same backward as
forward. Rotator, for instance, is a
palindromc. Several hundreds of these
strange words are tabulated, and new
ones are continually turning up in the
English tongue. If you can find one
send it to the Palindromc society of
New York.
Il can rattle off cxtempore dozen OF
two palindromes. Thus:
"Bab, refer, bib, Anna, tot, bob, peep,
civic, toot, dad, madam, deed, pup, del
fled, sees, dewed, tat, did, shalls. eve,
reviver. eve. rotator, cog, pop, gig,
gag, re,lder, level, nom, Otto, sexcs."-
Philadelphia Bulletin.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02
WILLS OF LuuATIcs.
The Queer Requests That Arc NiaGs
,y Jusnnc Persons

The Queer Requests That Arc Made
by Insane Persons.
One of the manias which are evil
denced by the insane is Il desire 10
make IL s;ill OF course these aocu-
ments are waste paper as far as their
legality is concerned, but the attend
ants and doctors treat these documents
with the greatest respect in order to
humor the demented creatures.
Some of these Wills would be anus
ing If 1t were not for the sad condition
Of mind OF which they are the outcome.
One man confined In an asylum LETT all
his money to the niiliatlo of Japan on
condition that this diguita!y should WIS.,
it the grave of the testator once each
year and plant chrysantliemums upon
it. Tile remainder Of the estate was to
be handed over to an imaginary charity
called the Brotherly Love and Bounty
society.
Another lunatic in II Partisan asylum
left II will dev!sing the whole of his cs
tate to tie possessors of Roman noses
residing in and near Paris. The rca-
son for this was that he had rather Il
handsome nose of this shape and was
constantly admiring it. \ similar be-
quest was that Of n patient who left his
| property to an attendant because he
| possessed one of The uglest nasal Or
| gans the testator had ever seen.
One man. who was afflicted with the
mania that he was sane but confined
in the asylum unjustly. devised will
leaving his money to the commission.
els of lunacy to enable them to engage
a large staff of men for the purpose OF
visiting asylums and ascertaining If
any Were confined in them without rca-
son.-New York Times.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02
STOP IT..

Boosting of what you can do instead
of doing it,
Thinking that life is grind and not
worth living.
Exaggcrati!lg and making mountains
out Cf molcliils.
Talking continually about yourself
and Your Affairs.
Saying unl;ind things about acquaint-
ances and friends.
Thinking that all the good chances
and opportunities are gone by.
Thinking of yourself to the exclusion
Of everything and every one else.
Specializing as to what You would dc
in some one eise's place and do your
best in yo,r, own.
Gazing idly into the future and
dreaming about it instead of making
the inost of the present.
LonG;ng for the good things that 9th,
ers haze instead of going TO work and
earning them for yourself. Success.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02
POINTED PARAGRAPHS.

A girl is never going to go very far
wrong who Is good chum of her f.,-
Their and brothers.
There 10 n family in every neighbor-
hood which furnishes amusement for
the rest and doesn't know 1t.
Every one has had more happy days
In his life thnn wretclcd ones, but how
he lets the wretclied ones stand out!
There are so many operations of late
that man can become distinguished
by arriving in heaven all III one piece.
One great trouble In life is that the
paths for going wrong are planted 50
prettily with flowers at the beginning.
Occasionally disagrecable person
Will boast that at least he is sincere,
but that is no excuse for being dis
agreeable
Three things you never discover till
there is death in the house: The good
ness of the ncighbors, the way time
drags and how loud the clock ticks
Atchison Globe.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02
AN AMATEUR DETECTIVE.


His First and Last Experience In
Tracing n Crime.
81 never attempted the Sherlock
Holmes business but once" said
Blythe, land although ran down the
person l was after the results We're not
ut all pleasant. One morning l missed
a scarfpin, single pearl. worth about
$40. valued it more for its assOcia-
tons than almost anything else had.
decided 10 say nothing about it to my.
wife, beG.!ll.'c things of that sort al
w;.%.; u!l'eS her. Sic suspects the scrv-
ants ana '!;.c.s not hesitate to let them
see it. Alyc:tis.ng II reward brought
no rrsU.ti. enc morning nearly two
Yeas ;,itc' t.,a Pin WAS lost j saw it In
lie winuo'' Of Il pawnslop not three
b.osks from NY home. l knew the po-
lice captain of the precinct and induced
hia ia ssnd one Of his ward men with
ms 10 Tie pawnsiop. Matters We're
soon cxpia ncd. l was able to prove
my ownership of the pin. The pawn
broker consulted his books.
''ihat pin" lie said, was brought
here by Il woman who regularly pawns
things here on commits ,ion. 1t is bust
ness, the same Is shopping on commits
sion. Min.t persons, especially wom-
Ell, who iinl ii necessar: to raise a lit
tie money in 4 hurr.%, are afraid to go
in person 10 the l.twnslop.
lie gave lac the name and address
of the women who p,w:!el my pin, and
l lool:el he. ZIP. i don't want to make
@:ly trosiile Tor yoa,' l said, but that
i,iu WAS stolen. J1it take me to the
pG.saa vino e.va it 10 you to pawn,
::a .Jr'.l ~. l'e To loaer.'
SIC compile: willingly. She said
sl!e WAS acl:t fer by Il woman who had
rea,; l:cr advertisement and was given
tl.a Pm t, n5wn i'll the usual course Of
1i:sinc5:. ihc g.. 500 foI it, and after
Ge,.uc.il;; her commission had paid the
money over 10 her customer ana given
| her tn t:c..et. She went to the pawn
s..op nearest tho house to save time.
| Not ,,u.i! NC We're ut my own doorstep
did l realize whore the woman was
| taking me.
lido you mean to say that you got
the. pin i'll tliis house, inquired.
l SSi l'R1iis, SiS iSplicu. II Was
| given to me by a tall woman with red
hair. If she still lives here 1 should
know her in a minute
"'That will do l said. Here is So
for your trouble. shall be obliged by
your not mentioning this incident to
ANYBODY
''i'hc woman she had described was
my wife. We had a bad quarter of an
hour. She had pawned the pin to get
money Tor rascallion OF brother,
who had since fed to Canada. Ha stole
the ticket from her and had evidently
been unable to sell it before he skipped.
And the poor woman had been living in
mental torture for months because she
was afraid TO tell me. That experience
cured me Ct a hankering for the detec.
tive business" New York Times.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02

Frederick w. Seward said that whc,
he first started in ut newspaper worE
Thurlow Weed said to him: 81 will Civ,
you two rules to begin with. First
never write anything without some def
mite point and purpose; second, whe,
you have written it, take your pen and
go over it to see how many words and
sentences You can strike out and how
much you will thereby improve the AZ.
fic1np
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1905-08-02
Odd Ways of Swearing to the Truth
of Oae's Statements.

Odd Ways of Swearing to the Truth
of Oae's Statements.
When Il Chinaman swelrs to tell the
truth lie kneels down, and china
saucer is given TO him. The following
oath is then ldministercd: You Shall
tell the truth and the whole truth. Tie
saucer Is cracked, and If you do not
tell the truth your soul will lie cracked
like the saucer when lie breaks the
saucer. Other symbolic variations Of
the Chinese oath are the cxt!ngulsl,ing
Of Il candle or cutting off of Il cock s
head, the light of the candle represent
ing the witness soul and the fate Of
the cock symbolizing the fate of ii
perjurcr.
In certain parts OF India tigers and
lizards skins take the place Of the
Bible of Christian countries, and the
penalty OF breaking the oath Is; that
i'll one case the witness will become
the prey of Il tiger and in the other
that his body will be covered with
scales like lizard.
In Norwegian courts of law the pre-
Jude to The oath proper is Il long
lomily on tile sanctity of the oath and
the terrible consequences Of not keep
Ing it. When the witness is duly