The daily morning journal and courier., 1905-09-13

that, while bottle washing as a propieLn of domestic hygiene demands much care, still greater attention is required when the operation must be carried en- satisfactory and continuously, with thousands upon thousands of bottles, as is the case in great breweries. wine houses, distilleries and manufactories of mineral waters or perfumers. He writes:
 ''The bottles that go out of such es- tablishments ceaselessly return thither, more or less soiled. having sometimes been used for other liquids than the original, They must be cleaned thor ! oughly, and when they have been used to hold petroleum or vegetable oils 1t IS often necessary to throw them away. In any case the manufacturer is obliged to employ a considerable force of clean CTS. whose work must be carefully .su- pervised if he is to be sure that it is always conscientiously done.
 "Mechanicians cannot avoid interfer- 1 ing in a difficulty of this kind, clearly defined as it is. Various automatic washing machines have been invented and have rendered service. but the re- cord is now held by an American ma chine.
 This automatic .bottle-washer adds power in operation to economy of ma- nipulation. According to its size, it washes automatically eleven thousand, twenty-two thousand or forty-two thousand bottles in working day of ten hours. and it requires the presence of only four workmen. two to feed it and two to place the washed bottles in baskets. These four attendants may be women, for the work requires no viO- lent effort; women do it very well, with their habitual care in cleaning work of all kinds. The mechanical power con stunned variess with the size of the ap- paratus, from two to three-horse pow CT.
 The mechanical arrangement is easy to grasp. In brief. the apparatus is composed of a rectangular tank divided into three compartments; the first two contain the cleaning liquid, which is a mixture of alkaline solutions in careful ly studied proportions; the taird is filled with pure water for the final rln- sing, which is renewed as often as de- sired.
 An endless chain, formed of parallel rows of metallic cases, receive the, bot ties; it passes over the fixed guides ar ranged in and above the tank; thus the bottles are methodically carried along by the slow movement of the chair without power to fall out of the cases
 Suppose we have machine in ,whicf there are two hundred and sixty-eighf rows of transverse plates to which the cases are fixed Half of these rows consist of nine cases each and that oth CT half of eight each, so that they art in quincunx arrangement Thus thu chain contains altogether 2,27S case holding as many bottles, which, aftei having passed twice into the cleansing liquid, finally are carried through thu rlnsing bath. They then drop in regu lar order into shallow tank half full of running water whose purpose Is t break the shock jgn the fall. "A. .Wooder paddle-wheel turns slowly in this tank . setting in motion a regular curren which constantly brings the bottles. t the hands of the women, who stant ready to receive them fin baskets {, drain Loss by. breakage Is almos nothing in these conditions.
 "The bottles are about thirty-fiy minutes in passing through the appara , tus. In general. the water used in tn first two tanks should be at a tenpera ture between fifty and sixty degree C., Gone hundred and twer1ty-two an one hundred and forty degrees F. Nevertheless, when the bottles hay /! contained oils, either vegetable or min eral, it is good thing to raise the tenn perature of the bath up to nearly eight, degrees c. tone hundred and seventy six degrees F.)' With a few sinipl trials it is easy to determine the tenn
 perature most favorable to success i a any particular case. ''-Literary Diges