The daily morning journal and courier., 1905-06-08

ping a mans head as he would of tap ping a wine cask. This has all passed away, and the operation is now very rarely done. Desault treated injuries of the brain by large doses of tartar emetic, which in three days. however, finds few if any imitators. Through out the campaigns of the English in the Peninsula profuse bleeding was the treatment for chest wounds; and if the patient did not die of the wound, and was not killed by the treatment, he slowly recovered. When the man was first wounded, he was freely bled, often even to fainting. Did his skin become hot or his pulse frequent, he was bled again; almost evry new symptom was the indication for another bleeding. The greatest boons that medicine has ever conferred upon humanity have been met at first with the most violent opposition, amounting in some cases al- most to persecution. When Pare in- troduced the hgature, he was greeted with a perfect storm of ridicule and abuse, and finally, in self-defence, had to show that the idea was not strictly original, but might be traced in the writings of Pippocrates.
 Writing of bravery and courage dis played in surgical operations, Carlyle, referring to Duke Leopold, the Austri- an Crusader, said: Leopold had stuff in him, too. He died, for example in this manner: Falling with his horse, I think in some siege or other, he had got his leg hurt, which tindered him in fighting. Leg could not be cured. Cut 1t off, then,' said Leopold. This also the leech could not do, durst not and would not, so that Leopold was come quite to a halt. Leopold ordered out two squires, put his thigh upon block and the sharp edge of an axe at the right point across his thigh: Squire first, hold that axe; steady! Squire second, smite you on it with forge ham mer, with all your strength, heavy enough! Squire second struck heavy enough, and the leg flew off, but Leo- pold took inflammation and died in a day or two, as the leech had predicted"
 Of the skill in surgery of Dr. Valen- tine Mott, 1t is recorded that in 1928 he performed what is universally allowed to be the most difficult feat ever at tempted in surgery. A clergyman was afflicted with an enormous tumor in the neck, in which were embedded and twisted many of the great arteries. In removing this tumor it was necessary to take out entire one of the collar bones, to lay bare the mmbhane inclos- ing the lungs, to dissect around arter- ies displaced by the tumor and embed ded in 1t, to apply forty ligatures, and remove an immense mass of diseased matter. All this was done without the aid of chloroform. The patient sur vived the operation, and many years afterWard continued to discharge the duties of his profession. Dr. Mott was the first to operate successfully for inn movability of the lower jaw, and the first to entirely remove the lower jaw.
 He was the first to succeed in sewing up a slit in large vein.
 Surgery was practised with fair skill
 by the ancient Egyptians. Hippo crates, of the school of Cos, is pre-em- inent for the degree of advancement to
 which he brought the art, B. c. 400. The jractice of dissecting the human subject did much to imrove it, and was begun by Erasistratus, at Alexandria, in the third century. It was long dis countenancerd among the Romans, who were enjoined by public edicts to follow the good old plan of healing, through the medium of religious incan- tation. Asclepiades made. some efforts to break through this popular super stition. This was In 95 B. C., and Gel sus enjoyed considerable celebrity ah an operator about seventeen, Claudius Galen, of Pergamus, in Asia Minor, who ultimate settled at Rome, att | tained gheat .eminenceas surgeon. Surgery was practiced by the Jews on those of their own nation, and alsa on Christians and Mohametans in the twelfth century, and by the monks, against whom Pope Innocent II launched prohibitions, threatening them with severe penalties, in 11SO.- | NeYy.y vorly Yr,;I,,.a