davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1905-01-09

wANTED-A BRIGHT RELIABLE
man. must be plain writer and neat In
appearance. Address XII. News Of
fee. d21-tf.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1905-01-09

wANTED-ANY PERSON TO DIS
tribute our samples; $500 weekly. steady
Mgr. Empire" Wells street Chicago
Ill. p-6t
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
SCHOOLS CELEBRATE.

We regret that we were obliged to omit
all mention of the programs of Washing
tons birthday held in the schools. The day
was remembered with appropriated ex-
ercises which were most excellent Mem
bers of the Grand Army, The Womans
Relief Corps and the Sons of Veterans
participated much to the pleasure of the
young people. At the High School two
beautiful sick flags purchased by the
stud tents we're added to the permanent
decoration of the room. At the Catholic
Parochial School the following program
was carried out.
Address. Master Thos. Collins
Welcome Thou Festal Morn ........... School
Washington Acrostic. -. Wee Boys and Girls
Recitation. ...........M Miss Florence Billings
Land of washington. Observation-Disclosures Song
Not George Washington. $3.50. CLARA Conner
Six Little Flags. ...............3 rd Grade Girls
Our Pretty Flag Loretta McAlpin
Jesus Hide Me in Thy Heart" Senior Girls
Columbia, Song. Observation-Disclosures. School
Boys Ratchet. ...... Master Jos. Collins
Arnold or Washington " Miss Anne Hooley
Flag of the True 5000. 5000. ........... Song
Crown Our Washington Observation-Disclosures.
................... Miss Delphine McAlpin
Hurran For Washington ............ Song
PianiSts ................. Misses Inez
Lally, Margaret Houlihan, Anne Hooley
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
SHAW TO RETURN.

1t is officially announced from washing
ton that Secretary Shaw will remain in
the cabinet until February 1906. AT this
time he will resign and return to Denison.
The papers have it that he will then be-
come an active candidate for the Presi-
dental nomination The truth of this
report We do not know, but we know that
he is worthy of the nomination and that
he will find many willing hands in Deni
son to contribute their mite of influence
and help toward his nomination. We shall
have more to say concerning this matter
after we know what are Mr.. Shaw's wishes
and plans in the matter.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
THE CHAPLAIN IN TROUBLE

Word comes from California that
our esteemed friend, Chas. Bullock, is
having ali kinds of trouble with the
natives. The other day he entered a
cafe and asked if they served Holsters
Being assured on this point he went in
and looked carefully at the bill of fare.
He then called the waiter and ordered
Fly specks.
The waiter was indignant and want
ed to know what Mr.. Bullock meant.
Haven't lyou any?" said the bland
and child-like Charley.
"Of course not" yelled the infuriat-
ed waiter.
'Then3why don't you take them of
the bill of fare?"
A rough house is said to have en-
sued.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
Prize mask ball March 18th.
THE OPERA.

Irma was played here on Monday night
before small audience. 1t was evident
that the company was not in good condi-
ton. While the choruses we're good and the
soubrette was clever. any one of the stars
could have been surpassed in singing by a
number Of our local singers. The low
comedy part was was extremely low. One
might expect something nearly as bad at
minstrel show, but that such coarseness
should be presented by an opera company
that was supposed to appeal to the best
audience, was simply inexcusabe
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
A delicious two course SUI
AN AUTOMOBILE,

Denison can now boast a real live,
two-seated automobile that will climb
any old hill that Crawford county can
put up against it. 1t is the property
of Mr., A. F. Boylan and represents a
share of his profits out of simple in
vention in which he and Mr.. E. G..
Chamberlin were partners. The in
vention is a watch-case plyer and is a
tool which will soon be owned by every
up-to-date jeweler in the United States.
Mr.. Chamberlin has purchased the en-
tire right of the patent and enjoys a
goodly income each month from the
royalties.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
IN MEMoRIAM

Rich in years and rich in the love of a
devoted husband Mrs Gustav Thiel
quietly, peacefully and painlessly passed
away on the morning of March sixth.
Heart failure was the cause of death but
the frail body was simply worn out with
the task of living and she lapsed into the
sleep that knows no waking.
| Mrs Thel was born in Marien Koog.
Bredstedt, Germany. September 9TH. 1928
Her maiden name was Christiana Boesen
and was married Nov. 18th, 1852 to Mr..
Gustav Thiel. For more than fifty years
this couple lived together an ideal married
life and it was but little more than two
years ago that the friends and neighbors
called to celebrate their golden anniver-
sary. To Mr.. and Mrs Thiel were born
three children, Anna Marie, now Mrs. A.
E. Rider of Iowa City born Sept rs,
1854: Mollie Christiana, now Mrs. F.
Mueller of this city, born Dec. 20. 1857:
and Olga Frederick Marina, born
March, 49, 1859. died April 1S, 1861.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thiel came to this country
in 1872, locating in Iowa City. Mr.. Thiel
was known as the best baker in Iowa City
and the little shop kept by this industrious
couple was model Of neatness and COST
ness,
They came to Denison in 1892 and since
that time have lived quietly together en-
joying the fruits of their years of toll. We
have seen no prettier sight than the love-
light in the eyes of this couple as with
kindliest courtesy and simple dignity they
greeted their guests on their golden ami
versary day. 1t was picture that has
remained With US and which will always
typify to US the beauty and the holiness of
a happy and devoted married life. We
know that the parting will be grievous
one for Mr.. Thiel, we know that he will
wait almost impatiently for the inevitable
reunion which shall take place in God S
good time. and we know that words of
ours are wholly futile to console in his
great grief.
To the children also we would extend
our sympathy in their affection.
The funeral services will take place at
the home Friday March roth. at 1880 p.
m. to be followed by services at the Luther
an church at 2:3o. Interrment will be
made at Oakland cemetery.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
D. o. JOHNSON is BETTER.

In this week of gloom it is pleasure to
record that at least one of our old time
friends has apparently, passed in safety
through an illness which threatened his
life. On Friday the news came to Deni-
son that Mr.. D. o. Johnson of Charter
Oak was seriously ill and hardly expected
to live. His brother MIR. U. G. Johnson
and sister-in-aw Mrs. ]. H. Mahoney
left at once for Charter Oak and found
that his condition was very critical. On
Sunday morning he was taken to Sioux
City where an operation was performed
with the best of results. While Mr.. John
son is still avery sick man there is every
reason to believe that he will survive the
operation and be restored to health.
D. o. Johnson is one of the most de-
servedly popular men in Crawford county.
AS deputy postmaster of Denison, as
Treasurer of crawford county, and as
head of the Charte: Oak bank, he has
never proven false to any trust. never
been unfaithful.to any friend, never aught
bat helpful to the community in which he
lived. We are glad to pay him this
tribute of our sincere affection and friend
ship doubly glad that he is alive
today, destined as we fondly hope, to con
tinue among us man among ten thousand
strong, helpful irreprachable in character
and integrity and in all the virtues that
go to make model citizen, a father, a
husband and friend.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
REPUBLICAN, cAucusEs.

Republican city and ward caucuses
will be held at s p. m. Thursday March
10th for the purpose of nominating
candidates as follows, and for the
transaction of such other business as
may properly come before the caucus:
One candidate for City Solicitor
One candidate for Alderman Isl
Ward.
One candidate for Alderman End.
Ward.
One candidate for Alderman Bird.
Ward.
LIST, Ward will meet in Clerks office.
End. Ward Sheritf's Office.
3rd Ward in Court Room.
General Caucus in Court Room.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
REVIVAL MEETINGS.

Revival meetings will be commenced
at the Baptist Church Thursday Even
ing March 9th. There meetings will
be continued for two or three weeks
and will be conducted by the pastor of
the church Rev. G. L. Morphy. A
chorus choir is being organized to
lead in the singing.
The members OF other churches and
the members of no church are invited
to attend the meetings.
G. r. Morphy, Pastor
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
THELEcTuRE.

For our part we greatly enjoyed the
Thompson-Seton or the Seton Thompson
lecture 1t was just what we expected
although it was evident that the lecturer
failed to give Denison the full benefit of
his lecture in its entirety. 1t seems that
the lecturer met with chapter of acct
dents, arriving late and out of temper
with himself and with the world. The
lecture committee thinks it could add a
profitable'chapter to "Some Wild Animals
/ Have Known in which the gentleman
with the bifurcated name would bear the
star part.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
TO THE FARMERS.

We are now ready to accommodate
you with anything that you might want in
the Implement line this season. Come in.
if you need anything and let US haye a
little confidential machine talk and we
will convince you that our goods are the
best that money can buy.
Just received full car buES.es direct
from factory, brand new, no carried over
stock in the house, consequently we have
no back date goods. but all up-to-date in
the buggy line. Our Implements as we'll
as buggies are brand new, direct from The
factory and up.to-date in every particular.
Call in and examine our line of Buggies,
Farm Implements and Cream Separators.
before you buy elsewhere. and we will
convince you that you will save money by
buying from us.
Yours for business,
DEN1soN IMPLEMENT Co..
G. STEGEMANN, Mgr.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
Prize mask ball March 18th.
BISHOP MORRISON COMING.

Bishop Morrison of the Episcopal
Church, will make his annual visit to
Denison next Wednesday March Is.
and will preach in Trinity Church at
1870 that evening. The Bishop will be
remembered for his excellent sermon
delivered here last year
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
HEAVY TRANSFERS.

On page two of this issue we publish
the real estate transfers for the week be.
ginning Feb 18th. During this period o.
deeds were filed with total consideration
of 1887. eoS.1o. The largest single trans
fer was made by ]. f. Wiley to Fred a
Maurer, 448 acres for SIS. DOC. 90.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
CARD OF THANKS.

+. We wish TO express our thanks tc
the mary friends whose kindly sym
pathy and good deeds brought con
ISOLATION to our hearts at the time o
the death OF our beloved father.
The children OF John f. Denahy.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
NoTICEoF pRoBATEoF WILL.
STATE OF low A
Crawford County

Crawford County %
In the District Court of Iowa. in and for
Crawford County.
Notice of the reading of probate OF Will.
To Whom 1t May Concern
You and each Of you are hereby notified to
appear at the court house In Denison, Craw-
ford County, Iowa. on the 4th day OF April,
1905, at O'Clock Ia. M, to then and there at
tend the probate of an instrument in writing
purporting to be the last Will and Testament
of John Denahy, late of said county, deceaS-
and show cause, If any you know, why said
Will should not be admitted to probate.
In testimony whereof, have hereunto sub
scribed my name and affixed the seal of the
District Court this 3rd day of March, 1905.
CLAUS PAIL
10-3t Clerk
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
Fine MUSIC.

A club dance has been arranged for the
night of March 24th and the famous
Whaley orchestra which has so pleased
the people With its fine music has been
engaged. In order to let those not wish
ing to dance have an opportunity of hear
ing the beautiful music, arrangements
have been made to sell gallery tickets to
spectators at twenty-five cents each.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
Corn GOspel Special.

Remember that the Corn Gospel Spec
ial will stop at Denison at 1915 a. M, on
March 10. Every farmer and business
man should be at the Northwestern sta.
ton when the train arrives and hear
Prof Holden's talk.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
ADVERTISED LETTER LIST.

For week ending Mar. 7. letters
for the following persons remained un-
claimed at the Denison Postotfice:
Frances Cavanaugh Louie Clark
Charlie Clark ohm Dillon
Miss Ewens c Z French
Miss Christina Kodmer
When calling for the above please
say advertised,
F. W. Meyers, Pm
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
Important Local News


Editorial
Presidents Inaugural Address
Heavy Real Estate Transfers
List of Petit Jurors
PAGE THREE
County Local News. Letters.
Local News
PAGE FIVE
Local and Personal
PAGE SIX
Serial Story:
THE Filigree Ball"
PAGE SEVEN
Treasurer's Balance Sheet
PAGE EIGHT
More County News
Save for the Serial Story, every line
of the REVIEW is set at homo. The adj
vertisements are new and of interest
nearly all being those of local mer-
chants. Taken in all the REVIEW is a
paper for readers, merchants and pub
fishers to be proud of.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08

Miss Stacia Denahy accompanied her
brother Ed to Chicags for short visit
this morning,
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08

Mrs. w. ]. McAhren spent number of
days last week with Mrs. John Rae.
Mrs. C. F. Kuehnle is still in Traer and
will remain until the last of the week.
Mrs. Paine of West Side was guest of
Mrs, C. A. Jones this week
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
| BUSINESS BRIEFS. |

Organ for Sale. Inquire of MRS.
c. GREEN.
Wanted girl for general house,
work. Inquire at this office loft
Red and White Clover Timothy and
Blue Grass, at
1o-tf WqGAhT
-LosT--A Scotch Collie, one year
old. Finder please return to b. Smith. xa
z NUE.
i desire to inform the public thaW
Oscar Christensen is no longer connecteo#
with my laundry. r. NJ. WILCOX. q
FOR RENT
"A pleasantly situated residence only
blocks from business center of town.
lquire of Z L HAWK. 1o-tf Ess
Buy your harness and shoes of the
practical leather man,
9-4t JOHN THJNSTROM.
TAKEN UP ESTRAY.
One Durham heifer came to my place
Sunday morning. Owner can have same
by paying charges,
ED. BRoGpEN,
-1o-1I miles north of Denison.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
A GREAT PAPER.

We cannot refrain from congratulate
ing our readers upon the great news
paper we present them this week. Let
US tell you about it or you will miss
something.
PAGE ONE
ImDOrtant Local Newa
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
THE BANQUET.

| The knights of Pythlas celebrated
the 41st anniversary of the founding of
the order with banquet and dance at
the opera house on the evening of
March lst. Those who attended report
a very enjoyable evening.
The following excellent program was
carried out:
Selection: :........ -. Hallowell Orchestra
Coronet Solo 80. ~. Mr.. Hallowell
Reading ................ -. Miss Edna Randall
Violin Solo ............ Miss Genevieve Lally
Duet. Mrs. B j. sibbert Miss Flora Polster
Clarinet Solo ........... Membefbf Orchestra
A delicious two course supper was
served by Mrs. Silletto after which the
Knights and their ladies listened to a
brief program of speeches as follows:
Address of Welcome Mr.. D. L, Boynton
Address ....... Hon. b, l. Sallinger OF Carroll
Mr.. Sallinger's speech was replete
with all the wit. wisdom and eloquence
for which he is noted. After the speech
making, a social dance was enjoyed
to the delightful music furnished by
the Hallowell orchestra. While the
attendance was not large the evening
was greatly enjoyed.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08

Miss Beatrice Kirkup is expected home
on Friday
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08
More County News
MARCH MARRIAGES.
WHAT THE COUNTY CLERK HAS
BEEN DOING.

Marriage licenses have been issu. the
past two weeks as follows:
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1905-03-08

DENlSON lMPLEMEN
G. STEGEMANN, Mgr.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-01-24
SHAVING is ANCIENT.
The Custom WAS Probably Followed
I'm HrcEistnric Times.

I'm Ircl.istOric Times.
1t is not improbable that prehistoric
man shaved. for curollslS shaped
shells and tint i!;keS have been dis
covered which lave been supposed 10
be Very ancient raZorS. Lii remote parts
OF China men have their chins scr;ipel,
without water or soap. by instruments
very similar TO these. and the men OF
the stone age would most likely lind
out ut Il Very early stage that to leave
hair upon their face was to give y use
ful handle to their enemies
That, indeed, was the reason WHY
Alexander the Great compelled his so!
diers to shave. and his order is among
the earliest definite instances Of shay
ing upon record, although there can Ee
no question that the practice existed
long before his day.
The oldest Egyptian sculptures show
some men clean shaven. and others
partially 50, with curled boards 1t is
recorded in Genesis that Joseph. when
lie went from prison to the presence OF
Pharaoh, about 1900 B. c., "sllav ed
himself and changed his raiment."
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-01-24

Making close connection for all
points South. Trains leave Norfolk:
sos a. N. Daily; local to Danville and
intermediate stations. Arrive Dan
vile at 5:25 p. M. connecting with
through Pullman trains to Jackson
vile, Durham, Atlanta, New Orleans,
Memphis. Knoxville, Asheville and
intermediate points
sos a. N. Daily; local to Clarksville,
Durham and intermediate stations.
Arrive Durham G:35 p N.
6:25 p. m. Daily; fast train for all
points. South and West, carrying
through Pullman sleeper to Char
lotte. making close connection with
through Pullman trains for Colu,n-
bia, Savannah. Augusta, Jackson
vile, Atlanta, New Orleans, Birming
ham, Memphis, Chattanooga, Knox.
vile and Asheville
6:25 p. m. Daily. except Sunday; for
Durham and intermediate points
Trains arrive Norfolk 1885 a. NJ, 5:35
p. m.
Southern Railway Dining Car sery.
ice On ala through trains, -iyalied il
every appointment
City Ticket Office, No 95 CRANKY
street (Monticello HoteD, Norfolk, Va
G. H. ACKERT. G. NJ.
W. H. TAYLOE, G. p. A.,
Washington. ID. C.
w. w. CROXTON. Pass. Agent
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-01-24
New York Money Market

NEW YORK, Jan 23.-Closc. money
on call steady, 3-462 Ia per cent. ;
closing bid. :f4; offered at . Time
loans easy: sixty days, 2 1-2als 3-4 per
cent. ninety Lays. , 81: six months
;IE3 IA
Prime mercantile paper. 8 1-204 IA
ner cent. eSterling exchange strong
with actual business in bankers bills
at LOO 1880 for demand and at
4S5.3O0 1885 for sixty day bills. Post.
ell rates, iSs and ass 10 Commercial
DIS, 4S5 IA. Bar silver 60 rs. .A1exi.
can dollars. A IL.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-01-24
-A1exanGcr's Palace,

The palace of Alexander the Great
was an imposing structure in its time.
and the wonder is that any vestige OF
It stands today 1t was built in 4 man
ner much more substantial than that
OF today, though advocates Of steel
construction claim that the modern
structure will defy time as long as
any OF those built by the ancients.
TINE alone will determine how much
truth there is in this contention. On
tie Asiatc plain are the massive rem
nahts OF an ancient gateway fringed
with weeds, and. vaguely knowing who
he was, the natives tell that this is all
that is left OF the palace OF Alexander.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-01-24
DURER AND LEONARDO.
Explanation uf the Differences De-
twre: Their Work :aA Painters.

Explanation Of the Differences he
tw-e:, Their Work Painters.
Durc- was born Il German. Leonardo
an Italian. This sums ZIP much OF the
difference between their work us paint
ELS. The Italian race, under its sunny
skies, has an Unborn love OK beauty
lie German. in 4 Strrner climate
How | shall freeze after this sum-
wrote Iurer. during, his stay in Italy,
10 4 friend III Sureluhcrg--iet;lillS to
tAls day the. energy that carved It's
way through the vast forests OF Ills
country ::!l,l So.nt. OF the gloomy lo-
nance thar haunted their dark sllad-
oWS. Tie German spirit is character
lied by 4 'coinhisl;,tion or the Wild :ln,!
rugged With the ho,ue:v and tender. by
!usIltatiTc depth, enIgnatic gloom
sincerity and energy. Ivy iron diligence
and discipline" Very remarkable quail
tiles these. and to be found in uurcr'S
work, which is the reason that we lie
scribe him as being So representative
OF tEe Ieutunic race
Eut ii was not only tie difference OF
race CHAT helped to mold the genius Of
these sHn men differently l.;,c!, was
manifestation Of the new birth OF
art ANA learning that WAS spreading
over Europe Leonardo oAthe form oi
1t which appeared in Italy and l>ure.
OF that which prevailed In Germany
st. Nicholas
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-01-24
TRANSPORTATION GUIDE.
NkMz:z!AgnlN0i|D1||k 81 e;;|eeI}:

Schedule in Effect Nov. 27, 1904.
$40 Il. N, ~Ciicago Express for the
West daily. Butte, purlor Car Norfolk
TO i-ynchburg ana Roanoke Pullman
Sleeper Ia Columbus amt C;ncn:,la.l
30 a. nl,--"Oces,u Shore Liiaited'
daily for ltichnund, aud daily except
Sunday FOR Washington Stops only
at Suffolk. Waverly. Petersburg. Con
meets With Roanoke express leaving
petersburg LAS p. M. for Lynchburg,
Roaroi;e and intermediate stations.
$50 y. m.-kichlEond Limited for
Richmond and Washington. Stops
only at Suffolk, WavcrIy ana Peters
burg
':4o p. m-New Orleans Short Line,
for Petersburg. Lynchburg end South
west Sleeper Norfolk to Pulaski and
Lyncbburg to Memphis and New Or.
leans. Gale cars
Pullman sleeper Roanoke to Colunl.
bus. Cafe cars
Trains arrive ut Norfolk daily $40
Il. m, 20 a. H. and $50 y. LII. and
1890 p. III.
Tickets and ali information ut City
Office. III Main street. next to U. S.
Custom House and at Station.
w. t. HAZLEWOOD.
Pass. Agt.. Norfolk, Va.
w. r. BEFIlII-, G.. ?. A. -
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-01-24
Cotton Futures.

NEW YORK, Jan 90 Spot cotton
closed IS points lower; middling up
lands, {: middling sulf, 7o5. Sales
l.G15 bales
Futures opened weak: Jan. 65S
Feb, 655 bid: March, 667: April. 673;
May. GIG: June, CTS bid: July, 6S4 !;
Aus.. ooe' sept, 692: Oct, 700: Nov.
los; Dec. TO
Futures closed steady; Jan. $50:
feb.. 65@; March, $50; April, 6b4: May.
GTO; June 672; July. G?7: AUG GSi
Sept, Csc: Oct, COG
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1905-01-24
Baltimore Produce Market,

;, BALTIMORE: Jan. e3.-FLOUR-
Dull; patent, 57O@595.
WHEAT-Weak; spot contract and
January IL l-iM1-a; Southern, 100
CORN-Easier; spot and January
Gao 81.
RYE-Dull.
BUTTIR--F Firm. unchangcd: fancy
imitation, 22@23: fancy creamery 30
0r"l
EtiGs-Steady. unchanged. %.
CilEESE-Fir unchanged
SUGAK-Strong. unchanged.