davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
THE REBIRTH OF NORWAY.

Momentarily greater events have tended
to overshadow one of the years most vital
happenings, when, by methodical, BUSINESS
like revolution, a new nation entered the
worlds family. On June the Norwegian
press announced: Norway from today Is
fully Independent, sovereign state" ana
two days later a flag new to European
eyes few above the Akershus fortified tons
Hot heads everywhere in the dual king
dom talked violently, but the venerable
King Oscar stood firmly against armed ar
bttrament of the question. and when a prac
ucally unanimous vote In favor of separate
national existence was cast by Norge
referendum he himself furthered the meet
ing of joint commission to decide the de-
bate. September % this body reached the
conclusion now known as The karlstadt
agreement'-and all that remained to COM
plete Norways independence was formal
concurrence by the legislative assemblies
Of the two countries. This came in cue
time, and with Prince Charles of Denmark
chosen Constitutional monarch, bearing tho
ancient title of Haakon VII, Norway seat
ed herself at the table of the European
concert,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
IN AFRICA

What with the Herrera rebellion in the
south and Moroccan disorders IN the north,
the world In general. SO far as 1t regards
things African, has mainly overlooked the
completion there ApriD of the giant bridge
over the gorge of the Zambesi at Victoria
falls This latest link in the chain binding
Cairo to the far Cape is more than the
highest bridge In the world. for 1t practi-
cally opens free traffic through the long
diameter of the continent Electric lighted
salon coaches now run at thirty miles an
hour through districts which but lately
were the unattained goals of heroic explor-
ers.
The Moroccan and Herreran situations,
however, have unquestfonably been more
picturesque than this. In one case, believ-
ing that Germany would stand by her in
unnaturally following the haisers visit and
his remark: THE sovereign integrity of
Morocco will be maintained") Sultan Aziz
arrested French merchant and for some
time refused both his release and repara-
ton AS France prepared to withdraw her
fleet and as Germany was evidently to
take no step to thwart French victory,
Morocco rapidly backed down, leaving
French prestige stronger than before.
Germany has again played a losing game
IN her colony to the southwest. Her troubles
nave TO date cost her quite $50, 100000 and
thousand lives-with the end of the little
war not yet in sight, in spite of the $1,000
troops now endeavoring to put down one
not numerous tribe of blacks.
me scene of that other African war of
recent memory may chronicle for 1905 the
granting of home rule to the TransvaaI and
the appointment of the Earl of Selborne as
British high commissioner in the stead of
Lord Miner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
THE KAISER IN THE LIMELIGHT.

The German warlord has taken the CEN
ter of the stage with characteristic regu-
larity as month has followed month. The
marriage of his heir in June gave him one
opportunity. but the affair in which he
played most prominently his part was that
Franos-Moroccan matter already referred
to- 1t is believed he took the stand he did,
insisting upon recognition in all arrange
ments between Loubet and Abdul Aziz,
thinking that Russia's isolation through
her war in the east would allow him to
control the balance of power the CONT
nent, certainly, too, he hoped to wound the
Anglo French entente
At one time complete success seemed In
his grasp, and at least his diplomacy ac-
complished the downfall (June) of Foreign
Minister Delcasse the ablest of modern
I. French statesmen. But Englands frieni-
ship for her new ally strengthened under
pressure of danger, while Portsmouth
brought Russia again into European calcu-
lation-and the kaiser found himself little
better off than before his gambit, though
Germany is this much ito the good" that
she is TO be recognized in the Forthcoming
international Moroccan conference.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
FROM WAR TO PEACE.

January arrived with warlile news; Port
Arthur had surrendered. 1t brought, too,
the Russian rout at Hun river, while Feb
1uarys closing days saw the opening moves
in that gigantic battle game which cutmi-
mated March - in Japaus victory at Muk-
denim physical magnitude the greatest
battle Of history. its appalling casualties
totaIing at a figure surprising SEQ such
disasters as that of Chicago's Iroqouis The
ater
To clluch japanese success came the
meeting of AdmiraIs Rojestvensky and
Togo in the Sea Of Japan tAIay 20. The
North sea commission had by arbitration
straightened out the threatening trouble
which had married the first week Of the
Russians long trip and the cars comman-
der had played dangerously fast and loose
with French neutrality in the China sea-
and then fell the crushing blow which prac-
ticaIIy ended the war. The destiny of our
empire depends upon this action. You are
expected to do your utmost" read the Nj
kas5s flags as the shot was fired that open
ed the action Not many hours later "de8-
tiny had been assured.
This was the last engagement of conse-
QUcuce in the RussO-Japanese conflict. Oya-
ma worked on toward FiadvostOk, and
japanese force captured SakhaIen. but
these Items read small beside those which
relate to the peace conference, resulting
tSeptemher - in the treaty of Portsmouth.
President Roosevelt had proposed this meet
ing TO the two powers at odds in June and
on August 10 al Portsmouth, y. H. Baron
homura and Minister Takahira, on behalf
of the mikado and Baron Rosen and Ser
gius Witte. for the car opened their parIry
For twenty days diplomacy thrust and par
Tied. Certain points were promptly dis
posed Of, but the question of indemnity
doomed larger a the hours passed. and ouIr
Japan's moderation and Mr. RooseveIts
earnest solicitations at st. Petersburg and
Toxic eventually prevented the matter of
dollars and cents bringing the conference
To fruitless close. The mkado's repre-
sentatives. however, completed what his
lighting men had begun. and seal was set
10 one of the great transactions Of history.
Asia's future had been changed FIrro,g.s
balance Of power had been recast- one
nation had been bOru-and Influences set
to work within another having much 10 do
with alrebirth there.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
IN THE REALM OF SCIENCE.

This ship, with her sister, "Carmania,"
and the Allan Line "Victorien, have
brought into play the turbine engine which
is revolutionizing all methods of marine
transportation, even as the wireless is sim
plifying long distance communication. The
years advances IN that field have chroni-
cled the Companies" voyage in May
when throughout her crossing she was in
touch with both shores; the establishment
of wireless stations from Maine to Texas
for handling weather bulletins, and the
successful transmission of orders from rail-
road offices to moving trains
That other form of aerial science, air.
ship navigation, has progressed during the
twelve-month through the successful flights
of Roy Knabenshue over Los Angeles Jan
uary), Toledo, June). and New York, (Au
gusO, the last exploit being the most Won
derful OF any yet made IN such scientific
achievement. Other triumphs in this sort
We're won by the Faure-Lathoan machine,
through q perfect trip from London to
Paris; and by Santos-Dumont. Israel Lud-
low of New York. and J. j. Montgomery
of California, all of whom have shown
satisfactorily dfrigible aeronautiC motors
The solar eclipse, which had promised to
add richly to the sum of scientific
knowledge, only partially fulfilled that
hope. On this hemisphere the shadow
course could not well be photographed be-
cause of prevailing clouds, and the results
attained by expeditions sent to Spain and
Egypt were marked by no large success
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
LICENSE VS.. LIBERTY IN RUSSIA.

/he Toxic riOtiug, which greeted news OF
the treaty's terms, held but q dim sug-
kestion of the year of internal struggle
through which troubled Russia has passed.
The war with Japan, bringing increasing
evidences Of autocradc corruption and in
competence, was but one cause of the out
S2eak, January came IN with ruinous in
dustrial depression, Yet taxes were fncreas-
ed. Labor went on strike, and police OPP
presslons were multiplied. Finland and
Poland sestered in feverish unrest, Nihl-
Nstic activity was renewed, students talked
revolt, the selfish rule of the church was
openly criticised. All these elements con-
trlouted 10 the rapid march of events re-
suiting today In the end of czardom, as the
world has been accustomed to think of It.
Since the outrageous massacre of Red
sunday January 22), when the Cossac<s
fred upon the laboring folk trying to peti-
uon their Little Father TO listen in per-
son TO their grievances 1905 has told
throughout European Russia one continue
Gus tale OF riot pillage and massacre, OF
growing demands for genuine liberty. on
tAe one slue' or promises made and broken;
vaccination and weakness, on the other Not
month after st. Petersburg's snow had
Deen be'rlmsoned. Nicholas met work
shsulah delegation, promised them voice
IN the law-making, issued that rescrjpt
Gaming the dOuma and the next bulletin
announced the Warsaw massacre of Anvil
:. again, Easter Sunday religious liberty
was proClalmed-wtth another Warsaw ouf-
rage following within twenty-four hours
Small wonder that strike followed STRIFE
VI whole districts lay idle; that trans
Caucasla rebeled; that Poland broke into
open war; that Odessa became the center
OF q fortnlghts mutiny led by the Knfaz
sailors, wherein $50 100000 worth of nron
erty was destroyed; that In the BakII re-
glon the loss of life should have risen 10
the thousands, with enormous pronarfv
loss, and that, at last with its railway
system paralyzed, the entire land shouId
have become q theater OF rampant anarchy
beneath which violent demonstration of
tbs movement, were ever TO be heard the
stern demands OF the better classes for
real liberty.
Little by little, forced from one outwork
atter another, the one-time Autocrat of All
the Russias yielded to popular clamor. Po-
hicai prisoners We're set free, press CEN
solshlp abolished, Finland practically re-
stored 10 her ancient autonomy and at
last. October 80 Witte the progressive was
made premier. Constantine Pobiedouotseff
prccurator Of the holy synod, and the evil
genius OF Russian progress. has resigned
ana IN spite OF such outbursts as those at
Cronstadt, Sebastopol and VIadivostok and
even such civil war as Poland's. Count
Witte seems TO be slowly bringing order
from chaos, leading from the Egypt OF ar-
tocracy into the promised land of consti-
tuttonal monarchy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
INSURANCE ON THE RACK

Nineteen five has proved Strenuous for
NE insurance. When february the Al
eXander petition" was presented by forty
oh1cials of the Equitable Company to their
directors, asking that James Hazen HYDE
De not reelected vice president and that
the society be mutualized. no one foresaw
the consequences. But the airing of that
family linen showed up such soiled
pieces that the whole question of the huei~
ness or writing insurance was drawn under
public inspection. President Alexander was
replaced by Paul Morton. who left The
cabinet TO take up that work Mr.. Hvde's
interests were taken over by Thomas r
Ryan who placed the stock with three yot
ing trustees, including ex-President Cleve-
anu Such directors resigned as A. J. Cas-
Satt, Jacob Schiff, Cornelius Bliss e II
Hartman and H. c. Prick, and public
property was made of O. committee renort
exposing details of extravaganza and ia
Vofltlsm hitherto undreamed of even by
those reasonably intimate with high
At the end of this expose New York state
acted Before Legislative investiga ting
committee, with Charles E. Hughes as
counsel four great life insurance compa-
mes IN turn through their officers, contrib
uted 10 the growing sum of public knoyI-
edge of what had been presumed a business
purely hduciary and largely philanthropic.
with the result that even worse things
than the weaknesses of the Equitable were
found to exist everywhere. Contributions
TO political funds, excessive salaries and
biased nepotism, the sharing by insiders"
OF immense profits made through thinly-
yelled subsidiary companies, yellow dog
funds for the control of observation-disclosures
and similar abuses were proved to the full
convincing of public that has passed from
establishment TO resentment. President Nc
Curdy of the Mutual has resigned, giving
up the fight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
THE ELEMENTS AMucK.

Man has not yet conquered the elements,
however. Nineteen five has seen air,
water, earth and fire raging almost at will
Cyclones have visited Los Angeles, NADIA
gascar, Oklahoma, Natal, the Marshall
Islands, Mexico and the Korean straits,
snuffing out 1908 lives; June's tornado
across Natal alone accounting for 479 in
twenty minutes of horror. Natal, again,
witnessed May a reservoir collapse that
claimed ten score men and women, while
the reservoir disaster near Madrid month
earlier was within dozen lives as fatal.
The two earthquakes of the twelve-month
(not to count those minor tremors unaccom-
panied by casualties) brought fearful de-
yastation into Italy and India. Five hum
dred lives and widespread suffering in Gala.
bria-but what worse thing can be written
of eataclysm which centered about Lahore,
the loss of life rising above ID, O00i
Fire Jagged behind her sister elements,
though her toll of life was more easily sat.
isfed The Odessa district confiagrations
consequent ur'on rioting there, ate up $50 !.
100000 worth of property; $4,000, 600 more
was accounted for in New Orleans in Febru.
airy; In the same month Hot Springs suffer :
ed to the extent Of 1000, 600 while the rest
or the year has seen losses ranging from
that sum down to a million in Buenos
Ayres. Cedar Rapids. Indianapolis Butte,
Hoboken and Johnstown. Was 1t not, too,
genuine loss when the hungry flames con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
LAW AND CRIME.

Laws part in the years occurrences is
considerable. Perhaps the final chapter in
the story of the Northern Securities Com
pany wos written in January when a court
OF appeals reversed the decision of a lower
conri restraining that corporation from dis
trfbuting the Northern Pacific stock in 1t.
possession Again, Supreme Court unan-
lmous decision sustained the government
In ITS fight with the Beef Trust" while
Chicago grand jury has indicted sixteen
men prominently connected with the pack
ing business. a score of indictments and
three convictions have accompanied the
public lands investigations, while Senators
Burton and Mitchell were fined and i'm
prisoned for furthering through their public
cH,ces the private practices of other firms
Close upon the news came the word that
Senator Mitchell had died of a hemorrhage
following the drawing of a tooth.
The courts have freed Nan Patterson,
Mrs. Chadwick has gone to the peniten-
tiary for ten years, and present-day justice
is busy with the death of Boston chorus
girl, and witt family quarrel which has
sprung up over the millions of the late
William Nclghtman of Philadelphia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
CHANGES DIPLOMATIC AND Po-
IITICAL.

When In the spring Count Cassini, Rus
siats veteran ambassador at Washington,
- .o,,,o5 .. ,,oa,id R,ron Rosen sue
was ienio'eu ~ n'1'i ~, - - a
ceedlng hlrn, the hrst step was TAKEN III :"
considerable number of diplomatic changes
made durinp the wear In our service
otooa .ho achievement Of Josenh III Choate
te"i az '"1 ~. ~. s,ot of le,drg Inn
from 81 Jaiiles Is eiIe lac ~
portance. He was succeeded by hlteia"
Reid: Gen. Porter was replaced in France
~ pobor+ c ,TcCorn,icl, G. V L. Never
gSCinr frou I+aI,, to russia and Henry
SsJits iai,ia rrr.r,oted from first secretary
~ 7 o,,,5t,,, ~ Ionoo Edryin ri Conaar
afta, q hriaf Sar,;ra in Mexico following his
io,srar TO-, in chira hos nermanentIv re-
;n, 80 ee III IA 'is''
'i1eu AT on ,lle ..oe4i,, family, the
- vi ,e,.,I,,,,,i ~ 80, siigbf The
Az" (I-,1,H ~ tolr u9x- Strrcl a telling
~ 81 10 ~ bi1af hut r,Jihu Roots ac-
,,ta,a rf tis cot ~ tho Torpsident's RIGHT
49, fa,. tov,r1rd Notwithstanding the loss
Secretat,- Mortonis resicnation was met by
Inc an19int,nent of Charles J. Bonaparte
Of Paitinore 10 the navy portfolio Earlier
George b. Cortelyou succeeded Postmaster
General WINNIE the latter going to London
as consul general. Minor changes have in
volved the RESIGNATION of Mr. Loomis as
assistant secretary of state, Robert Bacon
of New York following him in office; the
retirement of Carroll D. Wright as commits
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
THE POLES AND PAUL JONES.

Neither of the poles found and tagged
in 1905. Charcot's expedition returned
empty-handed from the Antarctic, and the
Fiala-Zeigler and Amundsen parties from
the Arctic. But Peary has started on an
other northern dash, and the Duke of the
Abruzzi, giving up Arctic lands for torrii.
has set out to lay bare some of the lesser
known regions of Central Africa, and Sven
Bedin has turned his trained attention upon
GilCAplOred Persia.
The most notable of this years achieve
ments &c tbs sort came with April, when,
after five years search, conducted wholly
through his enthusiastic patriotism and
largely through his private means, Horace
Porter found the long-n neglected body of
Admiral Paul Jones in an ancient Partisan
cemetery. July saw the triumphant return
CT the remains to this country for rein
torment at Annapolis.
Jones would have wondered as we'll as
rejoined at the launchfngs of such mon
ster sea-tighters as 1905 has seen take water
in the British Chatham" and the Ameri-
can ships mississippi" Kansas" YER
mont" minnesota" idaho" St. Louis"
and washington" Yet these vessels are
less indicative of the advances of science
than are the "Kaiserine Victoria the larg
est passenger carrier now atioat, or the
Cunarder "Caronia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
American Investments in Mexico

From the Review Of Reviews
Americans have invested annrnxi,na+arr,
$50o,0Coc0o in Mexico during the past twer-
ty-hVe years, small amount in compari-
son with the total wealth of the country.
put that SJO000o,O GOO has accomplished moro
during that time for the development of
Mexico than all the rest Of the capfal Of
the country.
We have Invested $75.000,OO In Mexican
mines-and incidentally have got the money
back in payment for mining machinery sold
10 the MeXicans. But we have taught Nov
leo modern mining methods. and have there-
by increased the aggregate value of Next
can mines probably hundred fold.
We have invested $50. 100000 in agricrI-
tural enterprises In Mexico, and during fba
same time we have sold to Mexico about
that much agricultural machinery We
nave Taught the MeXicans how To farm,
and have added to their potential wealfb
IN farming lands hundred times s25 0O0, :
600. T-''0V''-
We have invested few millions IN efevt-
can banking enterprises, and have taught
the MeXlcans banking and the use Of no 9
we nave built hydraulic power planfs ava
taught the Mexicans how to utiIize inc
enormous amount of energy which was 90
ing 10 waste IN their waterfalls by trans
forming 1t into electrical energy We ara
paving city streets with asphalt putting in
sewer and WaterWorks systems. electric
lghtlng plants and street car systems re-
Placing cumbrous old buildings with mod
ern, steel-frame structures cbaneing H.
external appearance of things genera liz,
we nave invested in city real estate ana
are teaching the MeXicans how To h1IiId a
city Witness the remarkable change in
the Ni'y OF Mexico in the past ten years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31
swINe1N, ROUND THE CIRCLES,

So far as the heads of governments are
concerned 1905 has been distinctly year
of visits Alfonso of Spain has in turn
PLAYED guest to France, England, Germany
and Austria. and Loubet has been to
Madrid to return his call" The kaiser
first looked In" upon Morocco, and then
dazed diplomacy by that mysterious con-
ference with his Dear Cousin of Russia
George of Greece has been to London, as
has Carlos of Portugal. Louis of Batten-
berg brought a fleet across to exchange
courtesies with America. and all India has
turned out In honor of the Prince OF Wales
But of these twelve-month "swingin
round the circle America is most concern
ed in the two trips of her President, ana
that tour to the Philippines and the east
made by Secretary Taft and his party. IN
April Mr.. Roosevelt INDUCED in hunting
trip through Texas and Colorado; IN Octo-
Der he visited New Orleans, traVersnS Ten
states and being everywhere welcomed
with so genuine an enthusiasm as TO make
the trip significant in the country's increas-
The Philippine "jaunt" of the congress
sional party won the popular eye rather
through the presence of Miss Alice RoOSe-
welt especially in view of her splendid en-
tertainment in Korea and Japan, out the
real value of the exped. tion lay IN the &C
curate appreciation of Philippine cond4-
tons gained by the lawmakers. In the
round of festivities Secretary Taft pledged
his word that IN the absence of insurrec-
ton. there would be a popular assembly IN
1907
The Secretary of War has also been play
ing considerable role in Panama canal
history. Through his act former Chief En-
gineer Wallace resigned that post John f.
Stevens of Chicago being placed in control,
while largely through his representations,
the canal commission was completely reor-
eanized by the appointment OF new body
to make thorough preparations for the dig
IF NltxT>a VI
ing is: T. F. Shonts, chairman; c. E. Ma
COON, governor of the zone; ]. F. Stevens.
Admiral NJ. T. Endcott Gen. P c. Hams,
Col. o. NJ. Ernst and Benjamin NJ. Harrod.
The year has also brought together the
committee of advisory engineers" repre-
senting the best in the profession to be
found In five nations, who, by a vote of
s to B. have reported in favor of a sea-
level waterway
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-12-31

spect American farmers have had a rec-
. ord year. The wheat crop surpassed all
others in the lands history excepting that
corn established new hgh-water mark in
that cereal. Other grains contributed SINH
larly their good news. till total of 1920
LEGO was named as the whole value of
the seven great erops'-corn, hay, wheat.
cotton oats barley and rye, with the total
farm yield at s6,415 O0o. eco.
The Lewis and Clark exposition port
land, Ore) bore yet farther evidence to the
general prosperity of the country. Not only
did it, in its sixteen weeks entertain :, 54o,-
500 visitors, but it surpassed its fellows or
recent years by closing it's books with a
balance permitting stockholders DIVIDEND
of 80 per cent.
internationally, the happening Of the year
from which this country most benehted was
the termination of the tariff war with Rus-
sia through the removal of penal duties
upon American exports of iron and steel
products