davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1905-03-31

young men TO 20 west. A brother. Her
man o Armour. had a grain commission
business there. and 10 this in 1868 the in
dustry Of hog packing was added. JOS
eph r. Armour. the younger brother OF
Philip. was in charge. and IL was owing
10 his falling health that Philip ID.
moved 10 Chicago in 1875. He had be-
come familiar with every detail Of pork
packing. and had himself done all phases
Of IL.
Back in the ffties there "a a potter at
Callan. ireland. by name Patrick Cuda-
hy. whose four boys ran barefoot most
tho time. and who begged for fresh
meat as a luxury. This family Of Pat
rick Cudehy came TO America in the
storage. with their carpet bags and
slender pur ses. in 1913. and settled at
Milwaukee Michael Cudahy was old
enough to 90 chores around the slaugh-
ter houses where his father found en-
ployment. and by attending school IN
spare hours he acquired a simple educa-
ton. which he always improved upon
later. when he had opportunity. When
he was 10 he went to work in a packing
house. and at 25 he went into business
for himself as a retail butcher. But
Plarkington 4 Armour offered him
charge of their packing plant. which
was worth perhaps s55, O0o-considera-
bic in those days. a mere bagatelle 10
these days of big trusts. His sue
cess as brought out an ofer
from p. ID. Armour in 1873 for Cudahy 70
become a partner in Armour 4 Co lie
ala so. and for 90 years had the practical
management Of the stockyards end OF
the business. He was rich. both In mon
ev and in good will OF Mr.. Armour, ano
in reputation. when he established th'
Cudahy Packing company. which wa.
taken into the merger at a valuation o
SIS. 900. 600.
Trust Magnates Live Simple Life.
All through their lives both Gusatav
~ swift and p. ID. Armour retained tn
simnle habits of their youth. OF earl,
rising and of going to bed early. witt
ali their wealth they cared little for SO
cictv and were rarely seen. Both men
hut D"artlCuldTl. ~ hi'hAs 80 '1f ~
proachable by any of their men readyii
svmpathy and prompt to assist In time
OF trouble. (.
Tho business OF the Swifts descend
"a 10 edward c. Swift and L. F Swift
but ]. ogden Armour. the only %survivinI
son Of p. ID. Armour. is the nominal an
practical head Of the packing interests
like his father. he is simple in his tast
and without aristocracy or snobbisn
ness. as genial and unaffected with a
underling as with a head Of a depart
ment.
what the profits Of the beef trust ar
; cannot be estimated. although Commits
slouer OF Commerce Garfield. In his r.
port to congress. after investigation
The beef trust, gave them at ~ cents
|, head for every creature killed. This di
|, not take into consideration the rebate
! paid to the railroad. which rebates ar
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1905-03-31

ways been IN Boston. He is more reti-
cent and exclusive than J. Ogden Ar
mour Living within a few miles of the
birthplace Of Gustavus F. Swift, he lives
in a mansion which costs a fortune,
while the farmhouse in which his father
was born. which still stands. is small
and devoid Of all modern comforts. He
rides il automobiles his father. as a
boy. drove a butcher wagon. His income
and are like those Of an en-
peror OF the east: his father grubbed a
meager living from his farm.
J. ogden Armour has a home on
Michigan avenue which cost s125 600.
His wife is a beautiful woman. and a So
ciety leader. who takes much interest in
outdoor sports and driving. who in an
unassuming and modest way is liberal
in her charities. At Oconomowoc. Wis.
they have a summer home which is said
to be one Of the most complete in the
country in equippage and comfort.
Value of the Plants in Combine.
The following are the figures at which
the various packing plants were valued
in the consolidation which is called he
beef trust.
SWIFT & co.
Capital ,VVv
Annual business ........... 200 00 600
Stock value in merger rs. 900. 600
ARMOUR & co.
Capital 10000. 600
Annual business ........... 200. 0O0. 600
stock value in merger 60. 900, 600
NELSON NORRIS & co.
Z Capital 5000. 900
Annual business ........... ; 1000. 900
Stock value in merger ...... 10000
CUDAHY 4 co.
Capital ....................s 5.000.O 900
Annual business ........... $4,000 600
Stock value in merger ...... l5.oo0.000
Stocks and securities repre-
senting purchase from
Hammond & Co. and Oma-
ha Packing company by
Armour & Co............. 7.OOO.O 900
Value in merger ........... 81 600 600
Stocks and securities repre-
senting purchase from
Fowler e. Son Packing Co.
the Anglo-American Pro-
vision company. by Swift
& Co. 5000 600
value in merger ......... $1,000. O0C
Total capitalization Of beef
trust POI. GOO. 00C
Remarkable Display Of Genius.
The story Of how the present gigantic
power OF the beef trust was born and
nurtured has its beginning in the char
acter and personal achievements Of Gus
tavus Swift. However much r. ID. Ar
mour contributed Of sagacity and ener
gctic constructiveness. the present con
dition OF supremacy OF the beef trusl
and OF subservience OF the railroads. the
fruit growers the farmers and the stock
raisers of the United States would nevel
have come about but for the rawboned
money-loving Yankee. Swift the elder
An idea that was his and TO which b
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1905-03-31


fruits and vegetables for the tables OF
the American people up 10 to % per cent.
In cost.
Railroads Held Up.
IL is the ownership OF the meat bust
ness Of the country which enables the
beef trust, the favored few 10 dictate 20
the railroads and make them pay for the
use Of the cars and act as agents for the
car line owners In holding up the ship
pers Of freight for the mileage OF three
quarters OF a cent a mile east OF Chicago.
except in Canada, where IL is one cent.
and one cent a mile west Of Chicago.
The railroads dare not protest, for when
they do the beef trust says In a menacing
voice that Il will give the protesting
railroad no more Of its freight. The
tonnage shipped by the beef trust is
enoromus. and no railroad dares con-
template getting out Of the good graces
Of such a shipper. One can easily see
hat with 1000 cars travelling the iron
highways Of the country daily the mile
age would be a great big income on the
investment. The actual figures, as shown
by interstate commerce reports, are that
these cars earn at least % per cen
The Fruit Trust.
Ii is the ownership of these refriger-
alto ears which has given the beef trust
right to claim the title OF fruit trust
also; the fruit business is wholly at its
mercy. When the fruit shipper OF Cali
fornla or Tennessee has a carload Of or
..--.- - -t-nr-lr~~Fr -, chin ha raf1a
for a car, and by the. terms Of the beef
trust the railroad cannot do else than
send for a trust car. which rolls down
from Chicago. earning mileage at every
click Of the wheels. and into this car the
fruit is loaded. At the destination the
consignee pays the freight and also the
bill Of the beef trust for the mileage, and
also another bill for icing" the car.
When the refrigerator cars were first
used there was no icing charge made;
for instance for the Michigan peaches
sent 10 Boston. When the idea was or
iginated Of charging for icing the charge
was fixed at 500 for the trip. Later 1t
was advanced 10 $50. and now the icing
of a car costs S45. about the same as the
] freight nflt aAG lh1AaANfo NhNAN NAS
charge for icing and for mileage is
greater than the tariff freight. But the
railroads are bound to collect the trusts
charges. fight TO get them, go into courts
at the railroads expense to get them, II
need be. The railroads are absolutely
mastered by the beef trust, partly for
the reason that there are large railroad
interests in the hands of the beef trust
magnates and they make the other
stockholders of the railroads suffer that
they may get the rake of.
At the Threats Of the Railroads.
The packers have been at the throats
] OF the railroads since the early eighties
when the Chicago. Milwaukee & ST. Pau
| railroad built TO Kansas City and Oma'
ha. and TO secure the meat business OF
: fered TO pay a mileage charge for the use
Of the packers refrigerator cars. Thii
I was an offer which the other Missouri
5 river railroads had soon TO follow, AM
{ thus was the mileage graft saddlei
! upon the railroads Of the country.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1905-03-31
CONDITIONS THAT HAVE MADE IT'S
REMARKABLE GROWTH
POSSIBLE.
PART OF THE REFRIGERATOR CAR LINES,
Humble Beginnings of the Men Who Built
This the Largest of American Indus
tries-Their interesting
Personalities
BY CAMERON LANDON.

This is a Dsge from the Arabian
N.hts tales. with Aladdin outdone, the
ry of the rise OF the ArmOurs, the
81 rs. and the Cudahys-the Armours
f..m the farm barn yard near Stock
bridge. \. s.. the Swifts from the killing
rr ~ a butcher shop In Barnstable.
Ns-- the Cudahys from the peat bogs
Al Callan. in county Kilkenny. in Ire
lana 10 the height Of an ability to or
e,rito an industrial combine with cap
i~ts.tzation Of 100000
less than half a century has seen the
comparative poverty OF the beef trust
n~aeuates transformed TO an opulence
l.,0nd the dream OF king or courtier OF
aceutury ago.
In 1866 the packing industry in Chica-
r.. which the giant intellects OF Gus
,a.us f. swift. now dead, OF Philip d..
Armour. now dead and Of Michael Cud-
aly have developed TO the industrial
mammoth Of the present. had its small
beginning in the slaughter OF 6l3 head
III cattle.
A Billion-Dollar Business.
Ii. 1904 the product Of the beef trust
amounted 20 over a billion dollars. In
ir. the combination slaughtered $751;
It- head OF cattle.
S. well laid were the plans OF the
founders OF this monopoly hat it has
gained a momentum beyond the power
ofits heads TO control. the ever growing
stream OF its immense profits pours IN
upon The beef trust from sources which
81. S. rcsistless that the downfall OF
Standard oil supremacy among trusts
81. ms certain.
Founders Of the Trust
u IS a tribute well earned 10y Gustayus
r witt and Philip D. Armour to say
ttey were the founders Of the present
beef combine: that Michael Cudahy was
d powerful aide-de-campand that Nelson
Norris George n Hammond and Others
of The Cudahy hrothers had been able
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1905-03-31

organized. was s2a0. ooo 1000. and the
value Of It's capital stock was ac-
cepted al $4,000. 900. Il has b'anch
houses all over the east and west, IN
Europe. II has packing houses 10 St
paul. Kansas City. St. Joseph. 81. iou
and other cities. The death OF Gustavus
Swift and Philip ID. Armour did not take
Mace until both men had seen the re-
suits Of their achievements in mammoth
hacking plants. and ledger figures OF
millions. The control Of the business Is
virtually now in the hands Of J. ogden
armour who began work for his father
AZ $40 a week as clerk, and VINO nov Is
the dominant factor in meats grains
fruits and dairy products in the United
states.
A Chapter of Beginnings
only America can furnish examplea OF
such personal achievements as the ne
stories of Swift. Armour and the Cuda'
nv brothers disclosed. Sandwich lass.
i a small town. and Gustayus swins
parental home near there was a SONY
and Improbable farm. When se vas
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1905-03-31

chung with the tenacity OF an inventor.
and upon which he staked his all.
brought u 10 pass.
We have said that Gustayus Swift left
the cattle buying business in Brighton
and other Massachusetts, towns when he
discovered how superior western cattle
were v those Of the east. and how
much more money there was for him in
dealing In westerns.
Although he later gave evidence OF the
innate genius for organization and mon
ey making, he had not up TO his remov-
al TO Chicago been successful except in
a very small way. Utmost ~frugality and
incessant attention 10 business had Civ
en- him a slender bank account.
The First Refrigerator Cars.
Nelson Morris, who was rated as one
OF the cattle kings" in the Chicago
yards eve then. had been experiment.
ing with the shipment OF meats in box
cars packed with ice. These experiments
had been very crude and not entirely
satisfactory to Morris, but Swift had
watched them with keen interest. He
seemed 10 have a prophetic vision Of the
present day. He could see that if meats
could be shipped east dressed there
would be a great saving over the method
Of the day. shipping live cattle beef on
the hOOf.' He realized that the beef
business would surely grow and that the
economy of the new method would mean
a great deal Of money. He formed a de-
termination which later discourage
ments showed nothing could break to
succeed in shipping dressed beef.
About that time an inventor by the
name of Tiffany had invented and pat
ented a refrigerator a which promised
to be successful. He tried to get back
ing. and Norris refused il. Gustavus
Swift. practically unknown. asked the
railroads 20 furnish some OF those cars
and he would furnish the dressed beef
for the east, The railroads refused. To
build and own such ears would take sew
eral thousand dollars. and Swift could
not well spare il from his business
which was growing so fast that II KEEP
him cramped for capital His associates
in the packing business told him NJ
would go broke" If he put any money
into the Tiffany cars. but he risked fail
ure and consequent ruin. and plunged in
having three cars built. The railroad
were TO haul these cars. and Swift haC
no thought Of asking pay for the mileage
travelled by his cars. He was satisfied L
have the advantage over competitors 0
owning and shipping in Refrigerated
cars.
Growth Of Private Car Line Evil.
When the trial Of the cars had becom
more than an experiment Swift realize
II was a success. and as fast as he cOulI
he had more Of them built. Morris. toe
and others al the Chicago yards had re
frigerator cars constructed for then
Dressed beef could be shipped to easter
points at such a great saving over shin
ping live cattle that there was a savin
to consumers. which stimulated the do
mand for dressed beef. and a big prof
for the packers. The refrigerator car
had come to stay. and Gustavus Swii
managed TO maintain the lead be had 81
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1905-03-31

for the fruits OF California. because the
beef trust owns the refrigerator cars
necessary 10 move that fruit. II names
the price for the cotton grower OF the
south at which he may sell his product
because the cotton grower is dependent
on the beef trust for fertilizer for his
plantation or his ten acre field. The
fruit growers Of New York state and Of
Texas. Of Colorado and Of Cuba look TO
Chicago for the figures by which 10 de-
termine their prices. and by the refriger-
ator a rates hundreds OF producers
have been made and hundreds have been
ruined.
Public at Its Mercy.
The most serious blow to the indus
tries OF the American people Lies in the
ability of the beef trust to fix the prices
Of the products Of the ranchman and the
farmer, throughout every state and ter
ritory Of the United States. the price OF
hogs. cattle and sheep. and consequent
~ the price Of wheat. corn and oats.
This blow is aimed al every home and
every merchant Of the hamlets. towns
and cities. for the old days OF competi-
ton have been relegated 10 the past BY
the big packing interests. The en-
pire Of the great Chicago combine de-
ies the law and has the public at its
mercy Al every turn of the wheel il
grows stronger and greater, more insid-
ious and more f~ar-reaching. The beef
trust owns steam and electric railroads,
ID owns factories. stockyards. mills.
warehouses. elevators. and the stcte-
ment was recently made that it also
owned politicians. legislators and con-
gressmen.
Colossal Achievements.
Swift Bros 4 Co. established its main
slaughter house in Chicago. and estab-
lished branch houses In New York.
Pennsylvania. Connecticut New Hamp-
shire. TIE annual business OF Swift q
Co. when re combine is said 70 have
The Saint Paul globe., 1905-02-19
REFORM At HARVARD
EIiot's Ideas on Football viii
Be Followed This Year
Special to the Globe

Special to the Globe 49,. i-~--
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Feb. 1s-It Is
clearly intimated here that the Harvard
athletic committee will either follow, out
the views OF President Charles w. NJ
Eliot, on intercollegiate football or that
a new committee will be appointed by the
Harvard corporation There is no longer
any question that the Harvard presidents
ideas on football are shared by a ma
jority OF the corporation A majority Of
the five members exclusive of President
Eliot, believe that college football should
be so modified as to detect and IL possible
punish any Intentional brutality. This
means that Harvard men will either Sc
cure a more open game or that the sched-
ule will be very considerably modified The
faculty will wait some time to let the
committee get its bearings. 1t will act
however, this academic year with a view
of making sure that President EliotS
views are put into practice.
In addition, the corporation objects to
the Commercial features of the mod
ern game OF football 1t feels that it is
an outrage on amateur athletics that the
stadium should be run entirely as a mon
ey <making institution. AS soon as the
debt on the stadium is paid, admission 10
games will be free to every Harvard un-
dergraduate and the space allotted TO the
general public will be merely what the
Harvard men do not want Some charge
may be made for reserved seats for the
purpose OF keeping up a small athletic
fund, but otherwise the stadium will be
free to Harvard men at every game play
ed there. The corporation is practically
a unit on this proposition. This means
that the big sums paid out for trainers.
rubbers and costly athletic outfits will
either be raised by subscription or not
at all. The outlook is that the athletic
committee will cut down expenses ruth
lessy. 1t is felt to be ridiculous that
while Harvard has to reduce salaries of
instructors the sum of $4,000 can be
spent on some form OF athletics.
The Saint Paul globe., 1905-02-19
PROFESSIONALS WANT
TO MEET FRANK GREER
Amateur ScuIIer Has Announced lnten-
tion of Quitting Ranks
Special to the Globe

Special to the Globe
CAMBRIDGE, Mass, Feb. 1S.-If Frank
E. Greer, the national amateur senior
sculler, is anxious to break into the pro-
fessional rowing game he will be joyfully
greeted by several well-known profession
ais who have made their mark in aquatic
circles.
A few weeks ago Greer announced that
he had decided to turn professional, and
that he would like to get on a race with
Jim Wray, of Harvard. or other cracks.
Nothing has been heard from Wray as
yet. but Jim" Rice coach Of the Weld
club of Harvard. and formerly coach OF
the Detroit and Toronto clubs. has come
forth with a def to the effect that he will
take on Greer, at three miles. and row
him for 81 900. One race or a series of
three races will satisfy the Harvard man.
and he intends to make Greer give him an
early answer or quit his remarks about
being better than professionals.
An effort is being made to bring the
men together and the club mates of Greer
feel confident that the race will be rowed
the latter part of May on the Charles
river.
The Saint Paul globe., 1905-02-19
OURhAM'S Term Of
OFFICE ENDS SOON
Americans viii Feel Little Re-
gret OFT His Retire.
ment
Special to the Globe

Special to the Globe
LONDON, Feb. 1S-Lord Durharo's
term OF office as steward of TIE, English
Jockey club will expire on April II. and
Americans will learn with regret that
there Is likely to be considerable difficult
" In finding suitable successor. There
is strong chance that Lord Durham will
De requested to undertake the duties of
the Office for another period AS the
term of steward is three years. it can
readily be seen that if Lord Durham is
reappointed there is little likelihood of
any American successes on the British
turf in that time The leading steward of
the Jockey club has been such an uucom
promising enemy of everything American
that he has driven away all competition
except in one or two instances. A fur
ther term, which, when ended, will make
nine years of office, will probably result
In removing from the English turf every
Hestise OF American ideas. either in train
ing or riding. This would be eminentIy
satisfactory to a select few in this coun-
try.
For the good of international sport it
wouid De Wen II successor to Lord Dur
ham could be found for the coming term.
Many disputes have arisen in various lines
OF sport between Great Britain and Ameri-
ca IN the past few. years, and a great
zeal or the friction has been for reasons
not at all complimentary to English fair
play. The squabbles, however. have been
satisfactorily adjusted in nearly all cases
except those arising out of racing mat
ters. The late William c. Whitney and
James X. Keene withdrew from racing In
this country. after spending many thou
sands OF dollars in efforts to build up sue
cessful establishments. and their expla-
nations failed TO explain.
There has never been any eXplanati ton
offered as to the reason -actuating the
English Jockey club in refusing for the
past hve years to grant Tod Sloan a IL
cense to ride in this country. No crooked
work was ever alleged against him his
only ofense being. apparently, that he
choSe TO live at a fashionable hotel rather
than to confine himself 10 the track quar-
ters. As a result of the suspension Sloan
mas been deprived of an income of from
$4,000 to 100000 year-rather harsh
punishment for anyone admittedly guilt
less of fraud
The most likely successor to Lord Dur
nam, II he is not reappointed. is the Duke
or richmond, who once before held the
office. This gentleman, however. is very
busy with private affairs, and has little
time to spare for jockey club business
Lord Stanley is considered a likely can
didate for the position in time to come,
but he is at present cabinet minister and
occupied with the cares of government
The other members of the present turf
governing body, Col. Baird and Arthur
James, are not considered aggressive and
experienced enough to step into the lead
ing place at this time.