The news & observer., 1905-12-15

Mayor Johnson entered with Mr..
Tompkins. The speaker was grace
fully introduced by Mr.. r. \. Sims,
and he spoke interestingly for thirty
or forty minutes He punctuated his
address by a few witicisms.
Mr.. Tompkins' Address.
Mr. Tompkins spoke as follows:
In writing and speaking of indus
trial DEVELOPMENT We usually have in
mind the establishment and operation
of factories and the establishment and
operation of transportation facilities.
Industrial development in its best
form comprises much more than these
two factors. Agriculture and its adj
vancement is industrial development.
but the largest and most important
factor which enters into the indus
trial development of the country, are
the necessary preparation and the do
ing of those material things which
accomplishes the highest forms of
economic ame!ioration. Neither the
factory, nor the railroad nor the
farm. nor the tide of commerce is in
dustrial development without these
things improve the quality of humanity
and the social condition. Therefore,
in endeavoring to bring about useful
industrial development, we must take
great rains to so coordinate the 1fac-
tors as not only to accomplish mate
rial results, but to improve the stand
ards of life and ameliorate the social
condition along with and proportion
ate TO the material progress.
Therefore. all our work for mate
rial results cannot come to Great sue
cess unless we keep economic and So
tial conditions wei apace with mate
rial progress. Temptations always
arise leading us To do the thing for the
immediate benefit of material inter-
ests as against future pubic welfare.
Sinister Influences animated by sell
interest are always brought to bear to
give immediate material advantage at
the cost of the future general gooo
and material welfare. Tho South mas
had some unhappy experience along
along this line.
The industrial, condition OF the
south before the civil war had two dis
tinct periods. From the time OF the
FIRST settlement uD to about the year
1890 tho industrial condition was
based ppon free white labor aud di-
versified occupation. About 1900 slave
labor began II be extensively and syS-
tematically employed, tn production OF
cotton and tobacco being the chel
bases of this employment. From 1880
up to about 1890 the influence of the
institution of slaverv and its m2gal-
fnlp was COntnC9iiE lncntdSlIS. III
the same period the influence and
magnitude of free white labor was
diminishing. In the first Derior imml-
o,.ation 30 the South diminished ana
ultimately practically ceased. DurinS
the same neriod emigration OF ire
white labor Sc in and went on untll
about ten wears ago. By ABOUT io'V
the institution Of Slaver-' IN so 1Ar IS
rabor was concerned in the South, ana
In hn
thirty years all those pursuits Wnech
had been deDendent upOn the tree m
fonieont white labor had been dlmln-
ishing in IMPORTANCE and many OF
them dried up. From 1880 TO lSoV the
laws throughout the tobacco anc COT
ton States maintained thA lnsututloii
of slavery as the dominant one IN the
labor market Hereswas the mistake.
The results YOU all know was CIVIL
war and reconstruction.
New opportunity and large pronts
naturally enhanced the value or laoor
and improved it's condition. For the
general and long continued WeIiare
ms was q ver-r desirable ccndltloh
But unhappily the temptation Tor I'M
mediate profits led the proprietary
class to increase their holdings or
slaves and advocate the perpetuity OF
the institution. In doing this the inn
migration of white labor was driven
away and the immigration of black
slaves was substituted thus involving
The South IN q serious race problem as
we'll as tiein9 u rs fortunes with the
Institution OF slavery.
Immigration.
Our industrial development hos
again revived. The dignity of free
white labor is re-established We are
again confronted with a shortage of
labor as were our forefathers one
hundred years ago. We have an in
dvstrial condition as we'll advanced in
the beginning Cf the goth century as
the;r was in proportion in the begin
ming o fthe 18th century. We have
the example of our forefathers be-
fore ue We are called upon TO con-
Si1ar the subject Of immigration. The
subject is one of the most serious ma
ture. The query is to what immi-
grafton we should give encourage
ment and what should we discourage
or prohibit.
The best condition of civilization is
where labor is highest prce, best ed
ucated and most Independent. IF
there be a cheaper class of labor in
dividual competition will tend to