davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-02-18
FRIDAY. FEBRUARY IF, 1905.
THE USE OF UMBRELLAS.

The use of umbrellas as a protection against sun and rain is now so uni- versaI and the articles are so cheap, that it is hard to realize that they were not known in England or in this coun- try a century and half ago. Colonel Wolfe, writing from Paris in 1752. mentions the carrying of them in that city in both sunshine and rain, and expresses his wonder that they had not been introduced into England. We are further informed that 1t was some years later that one Jones Hanway carried one habitually, and was much guyed about it by the populace.
 Tn the United States Baltimore claims the honor of exploiting the first um- breIla. That was In 1772, and a con- temporary in referring to the innova- tion says: The first man to intro- duce the invention carried a good-slzed riot with it. for 1t frightened the horses. set the dogs to barking and enraged the populace, who thought the man was setting their horses to running just for the fun of 1t, or was crazy So far as we are informed there is nothing left to tell us what was done with the bold man who in- froduced such startling innovation. Whether he was ducked in the horse pond or run out of town we are not Informed. but we've no doubt that he was looked on as a dude who was afraid of little rain or sun.
 And yet, singular as 1t may seem, the umbrella in some form is not at all a modern invention, for that they were used by the ancients as a protection against the hot sun of the East, is beyond doubt The ancient Roman and Greek ladies used a sun shade or parasol when they went out, but among those warlike people 1t was considered a sign of effemlnacy in men, It is certain, too. that they were known among the early Egyptians, for among the sculptures found in old Ninevah were representations of kings and other potentates going in procession with umbrellas held over them as a protection against the sun. just as may now be seen in the East. They were not used to keep off rain, evidently. but only the suns rays. Tn this day. when they are about as universal as hats, it seems almost impossible to realize that the first one in this coun- try was exhibited only 12S years ago. It would be looked on as an unbearable hardship to be deprived of them. We all wear them now, from the little school child to the old grandparents.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-02-18

The State of Alabama. Montgomery County.
 In the City Count of Montgomery. Charles H. Scott, G. G. Scott and T. j.
 Scott, doing business as T. J. Scott x
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
PARASITE BECOMES A PEARL
Jewel Does Not Come from Grain of Sand
in the Oyster.

Familiar as may be the fact that pearls are
formed around intrusive foreign bodies within the
shell of the oyster, the notion that such intrusive
bodies apt 10 be inorganic PARTICLES such
grains OF sand. must, asserts The Quarterly Re-
View" be given up. Recent investigation has shown
that the nucleus which must be present If
pearl is TO be formed is the larva of some highly
organized parasite having a complicated and as
yet inaccurately known life history. The parasite
would seem to form pit in the outer surface of
the mantle eshy flap that lines the shell of
oyster. and this mantle. in order protect itself
secretes pearlY coat around the parasite Micro
scopic examination of thin sections made through
decaIcded pearls showed that they are almost il,
all deposited around a minute Iurva which
almost certain be the larva of the cestode
tapeworm.' These larvp apparently make their
into the oyster and the irritation they set up
Induces the formation OF the pearl To quote:
Where do these Larvae come from? Unfortunate
belonging to the new species TetrarhynchIs Union-
ifactor also live in the oyster: and II ny- b ~
were L larVa to escape entombment in q pearl il
would grow up into OF these. But even tht Sc
never become mature in the oyster; to attain
sexual maturity they must be swallowed hy a
second host. W hat is the second host of the pearl
forming ceStode? This question also cannot
answer: and. until we can. We not in position
OF this larve lives in the file fish (Balstesl, which
preyS ON oysters. and is usually regarded as an
NAV be friend in disguise. Possibly the organism
has to pass through as many three hosts. ana
the interior OF one of the large sh eating rays or
The discovery by Professor Herdnlan and AR
Hcrnell of the cestode larva real caGse Of
tlon shortly .after they had made it. M5nssnor c.
SSur9t working INDEPENDENTLY AT Rikitea. on the
island or Mangareva. IN the Gambler group. ds-
covered very similar ldrva in the local pearl
oyster around which pearls formed. this Iarva.
the same as the one from Ceylon.'
the East to wo-k at the problem. and G. Grassland.
who has had much experience in marine work in
the tropics. has recently been appointed. at the re-
quest of the Soudan government TO investigate the
pearl oyster beds of the Red sea-(Current Iitera-
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
HOUSES OF HOLLOW TILE.

The modern hrePrcof private residence in the
country IS built without expensive steel and iron
framing. II is the elimination OF the steel part
that has made ii possible to construct private resi-
dences at cost no greater than thar of wood
While the large city houses and commercial build
nss require the steel framework supports, the
country house is spread over much ground and
offers little actual resistance surface 20 the
high winds that It's stability and permunency are
noJ weakened by the absence OF steel columns and
frames.
Both the partitions and outer walls are built Of
hollow tile, which are locked together by modern
Inventions. that they more solid and sub
stantlal than the WOODEN frames ct houses Tn,.
latter will warp and shrink. but the former do
neither.
The floors are also built OF hollow tile support
ed on the partitions Of the same material and
Joined together at the enGS, corners aud sides hy
steel interiocking inventions which make pee
fectly ndestructble Joint. With the floors forming
solid block OF hollow tilins that Is absolutely
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
Any Successful Candidate Guilty of Corrupt Practices
VIII Lose His Seat to His Opponent.

ciple and desired to contribute to the election
of a party that would support such principle
The fact is, of course, that this section was
aimed to do away with the demands. amounting
TO blackmail occasionally, made by either party
on q corporation. not to support a principle but
to help out the ''grafters'' This was cut out or
the bill It calls TO mind the statement OF a.
rural politician when this section pro-
pounded to him.
Make it impossible for the corporations to
pay the expenses of election?' said this rural
Solon. Why, who in tarnation Is TO pay them?"
Another section, relating to the payments for
carriage hire at elections, was also cut out
a good section, as it prohibited lot of small
money handling at the polls productive, in many
places, of much corruption.
Another section OF the original Fox bill
which was eliminated is that which limits the
expenses of candidates for office. Figures were
put on each Office, from Governor and United
States Senator down to member of the State
House OF Representatives. A Governor was to
be allowed to spend not more than $1,000 for his
Office, when he received in salary $4,000; mem
than S4OU. when he received $500. Senator
Bulkeley said OF that section: ITS rot" An
other leading politician said: THAT merely legal
ICES expenses for office. Nobody is going to
look at it twice" Men like Henry c. Newton
OF Haven, not politicians. said: 1T places
run" Poor men never could run, anyway, but
that made no difference: the section was cut out.
1t didn't hurt the bill to cut II out The main
features, the features that will sting are
left in.
feature that crept into the bill, however.
and that has hardly received any notice. and
which was put there by the Judiciary Committee
al the instance of Dr. Smyth of this city. Is,
aside from it's effect the corruption in the
State, extremely important. 1t makes sweep
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23

back of Oakland. found themselves with hun
dreds of tons Of rapidly ripening apricots and
very few fruit pickers. Notices were published
that fruit pickers were wanted, even school
children who had had no experience. The re-
suit that hundreds of school boys and girls
responded. we'll scores of men and women.
and now several hundred tons of apricots are
being picked and cared for by canneries and
driers 1t is good. wholesome work. and or
chardists arrange to carry girls to and from
their homes. The children make picnic of
this fruit picking, but they making con-
siderable spending money, a clever young
ster can pick nearly as much fruit expert
enced hand.
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23

be taken away from the Old Ladies' Home IN
a few days TO begin again the ocean voyage
that can end only in her death and huriai III the
sea that she hates. This woman Is Margaret
worthington of New-Zeaand. seventy-1ve
years old the widow of British army officer
who came here two years ago to find her only
daughter. She discovered that the daughter
had gone to the Klondike and tried to follow
but money and strength gave out. and she
was brought back here. The authorities shipped
her to Victoria. she was a British subject
about to become public charge. There admit
tance was denied her, and for several months
she travelled back and forth between mere ana
Victoria on coast steamships Finally every
effort was made here to bring her case before
the courts but nothing could be done, as her
mind had failed and she is physically incapaoie
of supporting herself So in few days she
will be packed on steamship for New-zes-
land where II is hoped she may be received
If not, she is doomed to remain at sea for the
few remaining years of her life
Phinias Brondson, a constructing engineer or
pioneer days died this week. He laid out the
Public Gardens of Boston in the 4Os and punt
the first horsecar line between Boston and
Charlestown. He came to California in 40. He
built the first horsecar line in San Francisco
known as the Omnibus Line" He also con-
structed the Sutter. Geary Union and part of
the Market street cable lines He also built
railroad and trolley lines in Portland. Ore. and
Los Angeles.
Thomas J. Parson president of the Del Monte
Milling Company. and one of the best known
business men of San Francisco. died of liver
trouble He had been in business here for
forty years. and was prominent In Repuniican
politics.
Last week the fruit growers OF HayJ rd
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
ON THE PACIFIC COAST.
Fight Against "Graft" Unusual
Actility among Voters.

San Francisco. July 21.-Registration for the
August primary election in San Francisco
has been very heavy, the total being g.
500. This surpasses all other registrations
in this city by several thousand. The unusual
activity among voters is due TO desire of
spectacle citizens to rid the city of grating
officials and to efforts OF the administration
and its gang TO retain Offices and opportunities
for plunder 1t is clear cut battle against
graft" Mayor Schmitz and BOSS" Ruef lead
the professional politician element in labor
unions They can count on all who desire a
wide open town to vote for them unit. On
the other side are ranged the Republican
League and all prominent citizens who desire
to purge San Francisco of officials who have
brought the name of the city into contempt
The only hope of success lies in a union of Re-
publicans and Democrats upon the best men
and a fight of the combined forces against
grafters
Daniel Guggenheim. of New-York. with his
son Robert and s. W. Eccles and other officials
of the American Smeiting and Refining Com
pany, is here a tour of inspection of plants
OF the company on this coast. One of the chief
objects OF the visit is to settle on plans for the
improvement and enlargement of the Selby
Smelling Works at Port Costa. The object is
to make the Selby works do some of the smelt-
ing of Alaskan ores. handled ut Tacoma
Mr. Guggenheim viii also inspect gold dredgers
in which he is interested in Sacramento Valley.
These dredgers are paying larger interest on
investment than any other mining properties in
the State and the ground has been thoroughly
tested that there be no appreciabe varIa-
ton in the output. An official report just
issued shows that the yield of twenty five
dredgers in the State for 1903 was SI415 119
In gold. Now there are forty gold dredgers in
full operation.
The new posto1ice building. 1t is announced
from Washington. will be ready for occupancy
by August l. but those who say they know de-
clare that September l will scarcely see
any change made. The postoffce. like every
other federal building constructed here has
been finished without apparent regard for time.
Amy private owner would have completed il
over year ago, as interest charges have been
large while the contractors were kept busy
making changes in interior arrangements. For
ten years this main postoffc7. which is al Sew
enth and Mission SITS. viii be as far re-
moved from the main business quarter as the
old postoiice has been II is we'll constructed
but has claims to architectural beauty and
II is not seen by the great majority OF tourists
as ii Is not any main avenue of travel In
time Misson-st- promises to rival Market, but
it win be many years before this occurs
genuine woman without a country will
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23

member OF the legislature of 1901 rose IN his
seat one afternoon and stated that some one
had come TO him and promised him money If
he would vote for certain measure. The House
advised him to sit down again and ''be good"
Senator Donovan. OF Norwalk, in the Senate at
Hartford last week. got up and said:
II informed that member of this body
has received a bribe of $4,000"
The Senate looked properly shocked.
II pause for refuts ton of that statement!
He paused. as he said he would. but nobody
answered him.
II is curious fact that. while the initiative
for the reform act came from the reformers. the
theorists, the library students of politics, the
chief support for the bin, brought forward.
came from practical politicians" 1t has been
due TO these men that this new reform law is
to-day on Connecticuts books. 1t means, as a
prominent politician and lobbyist said:
THE people want reform measure. We want
IT, too. Let's draft ssch a bill and see whether
IL works"
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
ing change in the entire criminal code of IL
State.
HOW FIGHT NAY BE BEGUN.

New-Ycrl State has Penal Code by which
an official such Mr.. Jerome can bring
an action. irrespective OF the lower courts. His
position in that State corresponds to the State
Attorneys of Connecticut, although only in
general way, the State Attorneys here have
such initiative power TO bring action. The
State Attorneys have until now been able simply
TO prosecute cases brought to them by the
courts. They could not go outside of their prov
nce. The Spvth amendment wipes off the law
books the ole system in Connecticut and intro
duces q systSIn analogous to that of New-Yor
state. 1t is a sweeping change 1t is something
that the State Attorneys have been trying to get
for years. At present there is law In Con-
necticut known as the Three grand juror sys-
tenn Each town under this law elects three
grand jurors 10 whom any citizen may bring
complaint. and who then look into the case, and
bring Indictment. they see fit 1t is an OBJ
so.ete law. Nothing ever done under it.
The three grand jurors would take complaint
and after a good deal of hemming and having
e-ennralIN dismiss Il
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
a MISSING 5000 BILL.

II wasn't long ago that an incident oc-
CURED in the corridor of the legislature that
shows how Connecticut solons sometimes get
into difficulties as the result Of fight between
railroad companies. Some legislators were
standing outside the House door, when a wag
happened by. He stopped over, as IL to pick up
something from the marble floor
Anybody lost two hundred dollar bill?" he
inquired
Instantly every man In the group put his hand
into his coat pocket
State Senator in a recent legislature was
said to have accepted a retainer" as a lawyer.
Of $1,000 from a certain corporation The day
OF the vote on the bin came The vote was
called The Senator was beckoned into the
lobby.
You have taken $1,000 from the other side -
the attorney for the rival corporation is re-
ported to have said. You can have $4,000 II
you vote for us"
Can't do f. I'm bound to the other side"
Then stop the vote and give up your support
20 the opposition"
The Senator is said 10 have rushed back 10
the floor and made effort TO stop the vote
but somebody noticed his effort and rushed the
vote through. He lost the $4,000
Now. all this hasn't been allowed To come 10
pass an Connecticut without a good oId-fash-
,onec protest Every year an attempt has been
mace TO enact some clear and radical law that
WIZ at least minimize the amount Of corrup-
ton that exists here. Now and then a povernor
has kicked over the traces and refused "a ha
forced TO buy" election or a nomination
Now and then particularly virtuous r,er,har
OF the Assembly who has been approached has
raised howl. but there has never been an AZ,
'eh'pt 70 look up the cause for the howl 4
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
PENALTY IN SPITE CASES.

In case State officer, executive or legisla-
tive. is found guilty the court only decide
as to the facts OF the trial. and is then to put
the before the Governor, who has power
10 declare the place vacant IN case a ma
tional officer is found guilty, such United
Statss senator. che court is TO send its finding
to the Governor, who is then to place It before
ths .GSiciary Committee OF Congress In this
way there can be no dispute to the method
OF furnishing offenders who would otherwise be
protected by the constitution In case 1t is
found by the court that trial has been asked
out of spite and without sufficient evidence to
convict. the court Is TO hare the power To quad
ruple the costs of the trial, which will have the
effect OF eliminating many possible unfair at
tacks on successful candidates.
When the present reform measure was first
brought UP the Judiciary Committee looked upon
fl with mixture OF feelings Il looked pretty
radical II seemed 20 be too sweeping There
were provisions I'm IT that seemed to change the
whole system Of political management. good or
bad. There was section IN the bill that made
il impossible for a corporation to contribute 10
an election. The committee thought that This
would DC unfair to a good many companies that
for instance. believed In certain political prin-
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
"oLD WAR HORSES" FOUGHT REFORM

The contest 10 get this reform measure
through the Connecticut legislature will take
its place among the most remarkable public
propagandas this State has yet seen The "old
war horses were against the bill from the
start. 1t deranged all their machinery. II
made # impossible for them TO own the State.
But the younger element ready for reform
and worked hard to bring II about. The bill
which has now become law will not completely
purify Connecticut. No bill could do that in
New-York tribune., 1905-07-23
ROTTEN BOROUGHS."

This has been true also OF Senate contests
A wave Of protest swept across this State In
the last Senate canvass. II was affirmed that
large sums Of money were spent IN that fight:
that money was dropped into holes in the po-
nroal machine In nearly all the counties. and
that IN ct least one inland county a specially
large slra wss expended Sor votes This has
been ooulrnon talk here. Nobody denies II IN
ssct these who know" placidly ad nit the truth
of tie statement
The Foundation for much. Il not most, OF the
corruption In this sts:a has been due TO tho
s,,stern Of representation n vogue here by which
the lower house of the General Assembly is
ststcted Connecticut has held through thick
and thin 10 The town unit system By this
system. which comes down from the early set
tiers. the town is supreme. II doesn't make any
difference how many villagers 1t contains
whether fifty or fifty thousand. the town Is the
basis OF representation. This has given i'm
mense and entirely disproportionate Importance
TO the country village. II has made the vote Of
the resident of the country village worth sew
eral hundred times much as the vote of the
resident OF the city. 1t has put into the hands
OF the small towns a political strength that II
has naturally been the aim of the politicians to
secure. For this many have become like
the rotten boroughs' OF England. The town
caucus has therefore, been the natural strong
hold OF the corruption that has defaced Con-
necticut. It has been here, very largely, that
most OF the corruption has existed Instances
are innumerable.
IN a small Litchheld County town was
loafing about the polls on a caucus day. A poll
tcisn asked him TO vote.
Il win for pair OF pants" said the rustic.
A Senate campaign manager dropped in on
q small town boss.
I'VE want twenty more votes here TO win"
said the manager.
You can have them. I've got the voters
ready"
How much?" said the manager
Two dollars apiece"
Carriages used Election Day TO bring
lazy voters 10 the polls. In many small towns IT
is impossible 10 secure the following of certain
small bosses unless their teams are put into
commission az e muniicent fee for the days
work II is a usual thing for a political man
ager OF g district 20 cut 10 lazy voter.
Cant come" says the farmer; I'm too busy"
1T ought 20 be worth 81 for you to carry me
back 20 town." says the manager.
''Wa-al. about thet." says the voter. and It is
done