The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-02-20
MALARIAL MOSQUITOES.
ead bv D. L. Van Dine of U. S. Experiment Station be-
\ fore the Hawaiian Medical Association)


The mosquitoes yellow fever "e-esfaOhed
e which has stood of such conclusive demonstrations
that eNacng scientists in both the a0
the medical professions must certain species OF the
ans Cteqonva is the principal perhaps the only
os1e for the dissemination disease The mcro-organ
ism or parasite causing this disease has not been determined and
therefore fecy within the patient and the body OF mosquito
vet remains for reveal In turning to the subject OF the
disease malaria, have in discussion OF the relation
Of mosquitoes dissemination entirely different state OF
established scientific fact that certain species re-
cd to the single genus nopee definite hosts and so tar
only intermediary agents whereby the several
species of the parasite may be transmitted from
persons healthy people The theories that the disease
was due to breathing the asa arising from swamps conveyed
to the crcatory system through organs Of digestion from
1owyng ideas relegated to the
In the discussion Of the breeding places genus will
see however the arguments subsantatng theories The
history investigations and the tecncates the demonstra
tons cannot be presented single evening by any number
papers have general the
mosquito phase the subject without presumng the time OF the
meeting Not knowing where the emphasis placed
whole breeding places and habits emphasizing their ds
button as regards maara infection secondly
malaria1 parasite within the body OF the mosquito
Theobald the English authority lists foryour species OF
Anophee in his monograph mosquitoes the
G. since monograph of the family Ano
phnae announced thirty species Of this large
Der species comparatively
relation publications
mentioned Dr. Howard the American authority discussed and
figured the three American species Anophee macupn
Anophees punctpennis Anophes Their
parav distribution follows The first recorded from n V
D. c. Md n H. Conn., Va Fla Texas La Ind ILL., Mimi
Me- Ore the w. Mass Conn., n. Y, N. j. Pa,
D. c. Nd Miss Texas n NJ. KAN Ill. Ind. Ore. Me and
Mass the last from D c. Va Ga Fla and La Theobald re-
genus Europe S ASIA
East and West Africa Australia n America, S America, West
Indies FIJI and Nautilus OF the Oceanic Islands TIE reports
England Italy, Bombay Madras Calcutta
Straits Settlements Singapore, Mainland China and Formoa in
Queensland Australia Guiana
s. in w.
The species of America, Anopheles macupenns is
likewise the abundant of continental Europe England and
Scandinavia and Howard advances idea both the and
early brought sailing
Europe have shown the distribution roughly map hastily
prepared is interesting viewing the distribution that
the daened portions also correspond the notorious maa
districts.
The genus Anophee by AIeigin 1913 The
reference the according Howard 1854
been figured and described under the title Distribution Of
New Fish which be called Aquatic Caterpi-
lar Mener described and figured the larva 1886 The
of the development of the species
well described and figured and their relation malaria
cussed by Howard in 1000.
Previous 1900 part in America
and the Italian rass in Europe little known regarding the
developments local species of Segomvia
the deposited sng standing Their
greatly enlarged well shown in Towards figures
have stated that the deposited
and later washed into the where they develop Teobad
does believe this be the eggs though
single float naturally together clusters of 4ooo They
float their sides and not in vertical position those
common Cuex which in In eggs from
in length and 1857 in breadth One of egg
containing the head Of the embryo blunt and from this blunt
the larva on Matching downward water.
The respiratory phon in the ava general color
according to Meiners description is light green young
ing darker and uniform color The than
that OF Ce and more less oval shaped the tho much
er than the head One further distinction paddee
uose bes at the sides OF the thorax and the
segments Iheobad that the function of
to act as balances to keep the larva level with the surface OF
water, its normal position.
While the adults domestic in habit that is houserequent-
ing the larvae unlike local of Cue Segomyia
do not breed artificial collections of
pools and puddes OF shallow standing
water containing agae form favor breeding places
oPheles larvae are seldom found temporary pools the
rains Anopeles larvae and Cu
found breeding together They prefer water with an
abundant supply OF vegetable life fact
hat natural collections OF h1ldes permanent
are not covered by low-yin pud
lies pools OF character