davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30
HAREM WANTED sARD1NES,
Reached Morocco Court There
Was Great Rxoitem>nt.

II the sultan Of Morocco, Muley ADD.
el-Azix. loses his throne, It perhaps
might be due to the discomfort OF bis
subjects in seeing him adopt 60 precip-
1tately European manners and habits.
The sultan disregards this danger, how
ever, and when he wants a thing Euro
pean, he must have 1t At once. says the
New York Tribune.
One night there was a great noise in
front OF the residence Of an Englishmap
inhabiting Morocco. Immediately the
soldiers Of the palace struck the door
violently exclaiming: "Daba! Daba!
eSvtck. srtctt), The master wants all
the saro..42 u teA have In your house!"
The Enslishman was not sardire
merchant, but handed over what few
boxes he had, and lear-cd later that
only few hours before a foreign min
lister had presented to the sultan a few
boxes of sardines, which we're opened
In the harem and partaken Of by all
the inmates
Such sudden frenzy was created for
them that on the morrow a special rak-
sas was dispatched to Tangier with or
ders to bring all the sardines in the
place.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30
4 NEW JERSEY SOLOMON.
SossAse OF the Peace Rsndo1s Dc.
cisAOn Not Unlike That Of tho
Famous bible Character.

Magistrate Jermon once spent a sum.
mer In little town In South Jersey and
made the acquaintance of a justice of the
peace who held more Offices than Pooh
Bah himself ''He was" says Jermon.
according to the Philadelphia Press, "a
notary public, storekeeper superin-
tendent OF the Sunday school, lay
preacher, postmaster, coroner, a farmer
and few more things that cant recall
now. He was a shrewd old fellow. es q
decision in q case that | heard will go to
show. Two farmers had dis Dute about
the ownership of some poultry and each
pleaded his own case. Each siGe had al
equal number Of witnesses and there was
some tall swearing done all around. If
had been sitting Oh the case should
have given it up as bad job, or sent 1t
to court for trial. But that's just what
he didn't do.
Il forgot to state that In addition to all
his other functions he was his own con-
stable. The hens were in court in
coop and he ordered that the constable
should take the coop to the roadway op-
pOsite the farms of the litigants and turn
the creatures loose. And he diG tie Job
himself ard got his fee for doing 1t. The
hens settled the case themselves by 60
Ing directly to one of the farms, and the
justice declared that they knew their
way home. and gave Judgment accord
inGly,"
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30

After most diligent search the
treasure removed from Pretoria before
the arrival of the British soldiers bae
been found. It's value is estimated g,
vi ,25O,OOO, of which the government
will receive half. The search for health
is still being diligently searched for by
thousands of people who have been sick.
iy for years. They try this or that
remedy without success. They should
follow the example of thousands of
others who have found the secret of
good health, and commence taking
bosfetser's Stomach Bitters. It is the
best health maker and preserver in ex.
irtepce, and for 30 years has never fail
ed in cases OF poor appetite, general de-
billty, headache, pains in the stomach i,
dyspepsia. Indigestion, constipation,
colds, la grippe or malaria. Try it
today.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30
Booming Books.

Some time ago a rumor went round
that astute publishers had In their pay
a large number Of the most attractive
,diners-out. Your neighbor at table
would lead the conversation to the
latest novel-quite the easiest OF CONVEX
sational openings between strangers,
who lay their heads together over the
menu and have to entertain each other
for an hour. You are interested in the
description OF the book of the hour, you
are a little ashamed Of not having read
1t, and going home you sit down and or
der the book-from the circulating IL
brary. Every publisher, every theater
manager, every deviser OF patent med
icine knows that the advice of friend
is a more concentrated and personal
pull than the opinion Of a critic from
the empyrean. And II the idea was
ever carried out. 1t deserved to succeed,
but no one ever spotted the paid diner
out. There was the artistry of the thing.
London Chronicle.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30
KEEP BOYS ON THE FARM.
1du0aAAonal Department 0Av>s Good
Advice to Rural Father-Ad.
p Woe to the Teachers.

The superintendent Of public instruc-
tion OF the state OF Indiana has recently
issued bulletin touching on the steady
migration ol the young men Of the rural
districts 10 the cities in search of a So
called better chance" Believing that
Indiana is be ng sapped Of its energies
by that movement, the department in a
bulletin to the teachers says that they
can influence the boy to stay on the far m
and TO worh out It's problems.
1T will be q sad day for our national
life when all our young farmers come to
&own; when the small, well-cultivated
homesto8Cs give way to landed estates"
the bulletin says.
The necessity Of keeping the boys on
the farm Wes the subject of discussion
as to what the teacher can DO for the
community. A teachers power in deter
mining the Industry OF a COMMUNITY lies
in making her schoo!room busy work.
shop, where the rights Of others and the
nobility of honest toll are taught.
The bulletin which is being sent out
by the state superintendent deals with
the relation Of the teacher to the school.
her patrons and the locality. The teaoh-
er, the bulletin says, ought to be mis-
siOnary, harmonizing turbulent ele-
mentS.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30
LOCAL MARKETS,
HePPner Quotations ON Staples
Bought and Sold Here,
RETAIL GROCERY PRICES.

RETAIL GROCERY PRICES.
COFFEE-Mocha and java. best SOC
per pound; next grade, 45c per pound
package coffee, Lion and Arbuckle, 2()c
10; Colundies coffee. packages for 81.
RlCE-Best head rice 1Oc per pound ;
next grade 81 cents per pound.
'sUGAR-Cane granulated, best Sc IS
per sack; do 13 pounds 81.
sALT-Coarse 75c per 100; SIS 90
ton.
FLOUR-$4 650$5 90 per barrel.
BACON--15@2oc per pound.
HAMS--16@lSc per pound.
COAL OlL--$l 45@$1 rs for 5 GAL
Ions; So 25 per case.
VEGETABLES.
POTATOES-1c ptr pound.
CABBAGE-4c per pound.
ON1ONS--3c per pound.
FRUITS.
APPLES-Green &c per pound.
BANANAS--40c per dozen.
LEMONS soc per dozen.
ORANGEs--40c@60c per dozen.
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY.
Prices paid by dealer to the producer.
CHICKENS-$3 5O@$4.OO per dozen.
BUTTER--rancb, 30 and eOc per roll.
EGG6-25c per doz.
BEEF CATTLE, ETC.
COWS-$2 50@$2 90 per hundred.
S1EERS-$3 5O@2 rs per hundred.
VEAL--Dressed, &c per pound.
SHEEP--$3 5O@$4 90.
HOGS-Live, 5Tc@5c; dressed, &C.
97c per pound.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30
An English company has been

An English company has been
awarded the contract for raising
and floating for repairs the Rus
sian warships sunk in Port Arthur
harbor. A cofferdam will be built
around each.
Rioting in defiance of Rnssiau
authority is persistent and wide.
spread in the Caucasus. The es.
tates of several dukes have been
plundered, and the government
buildings in several towns burned.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30

A Lebanon merchant offers
premiums to farmers bringing in
the largest number of eggs each
month. Bet the old Leghorns
have to lay 'emselves to death.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30

Call at the Gazette office and learn of
our clubbing ofer with the Weekly Ore
tan.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30

Independent and reIiable-The Oregon
gonian
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1905-03-30
through Salt Lake City, Lead,
vile, Pueblo, Colorado Springs
and Denver

Offers the choice of three routes through
the famous Rocky Mountain scenry,
and five Distinct Routes East and South
of Denver.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
COMMISSIONER PATTERSON
KEEPS Up FIGHT on
IOAEERS

City Engineers away from their
posts. untidy pumping stations and
broken machinery have been found by
Commissioner of Public Works Pat
terson. city Engineer shaw and vii.
liam Burns. chief mechanical engi.
neer. In an investigation of the city
pumping stations. AS result all of
the engineers at the sewage pumping
stations. who formerly reported to Su.
perntendent of Sewers quinn will re-
port to city Engineer Shaw in the
future. and there is to he Il general
cleaning up and reorganization. The
city hall boiler.rooms have also been
placed under Mr.. Shaw's supervision
and the boiler-rooms of the building
will Ice subjected to thorough house.
cleaning. If this results in better SER
vice To the public from the city engi-
neer's department. it will he one more
feather in the cap of Commissioners
Patterson.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
&cA
STIIIMAN f. JANTEGDN

STII.I4MNN II, IN II ESIJN
Is known IN ali who have the pleasure
Of his acquaintance as man thor
oushly reliable and always ready 70
help out friend.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
&A>
GEORGE II. I.II.J..


possess all the attributes which men
admire and which hold their respect
and friendship. His prosperity In
business Is measured only by his wide
spread popularity.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

NIRGlL Nj. HkA ND

the welfare Of the community that
buslnes ability and Industry which ha,
contributed so much 10 mis- persona,
succeSs
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

possesses In an eminent degree those
merits and qualities which 70 to make
up the true Chicagoan. lie Is best
liked by those who know him best.
CHARLES J. vOptCKA
In all relatiO OF life never deviatcs
from tbosc principles OF stralghtfor-
wardncss ana integrity which have
won him golden OPINIONS everywhere
&eA
JUSTICE THEODORE G. MAYER
n useful citlsen faithful to duty and
deserving Of the good will Of all.
EDWARD Il. PETERS
Q citizen whose rccora - one to b
proud Of, IL a. man whose friends are
myriad and whose name commando ~
spect everywhere.
~e~
HON. FRED q. CovNE
y Q public.spirited citisen who 10 40
popular 40 he ID prosperous In bis
business pursuitA
JUSTICE JOHN Il. CAVERLY.
70 man Of untarnishcd reputation and
Of commanding ability In the conduct
Of his affairs.
DANIEL G. RAMSAY.
Ia q Chicngonn IN the truest sense OF
the word. Progressive. public spirited
and active. he possesses the best ut.
tributes Of true citizenship.
%cSM
ALDERMAN CHARLES wERNO
10 liked most by those who know him
best. All who have hud business re-
lations with him are united In bearing
testimony to this fact.
~6A
W. 4. FENTON
II a model citizen ana one Of whom
Chicago - Justly proud.
HON. FRED w. UPHAM
belongs to that class Of citizens which
has ever contributed most to the vel
fars and upbuilding Of Chicago.
JOSEPH G. JACQUES.
nsvcr forgets q friend OF Q promise
and 10 among the most popular citi'
sens Of Chicago
e. Il. BLISS.
Ia a man whom 10 KNOW 10 to respect
and honor.
%Cs~
JOSEPH THEUBER
has built up a reputation In this city
Of which any man might well feel
proud.
HON. b. Il. ECKHhRT
has a high conception of the duties OF
citizenship and lives up to 1t. He 10 q
man whom to know Is to respect
JUSTICE JAMES NJ. DOYLE
Ia a man Of acknowledged ability. good
Judgment and common sense.
/s2SsSs>
A. s. HlBBARU
Is a man whose well-l..iown ability
and public spirit places him In the
front ranks OF our most useful citl'
sens.
%eSA
JOHN FETT.
active. energetic, enterprislng and pub
lic-spirited, has made success OF oil
his undertakings. and 10 ranked BY
common consent among our very best
citizens.
~
JAMES a. SACKLEY.
10 Q man who takes pride IN Chicago
and Of whom Chicago Is proud.
%ksd\
DANIEL ID. HEALY
possesses all OF those solid and estima.
BILE qualities which make the most use
ful citizen.
~S
GEORGE A. BLETTNER.
Ia a man In whose career integrity and
ability 20 hand In hand.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
JUSTICE OLAF r. sEvERsoN


has HAWKES. record Ms citizen una
q typical Chicagoan.
~6A
JOSEPH A. O'DONNEl.L.
deserves In an eminent degree that
large share Of popularity and public
confidence which 10 undeniably biz.
JOHN +. OWENS
maintains In all Affairs Of public and
private life tho highest ideals Of hon.
orablc manhood.
~
JOHN 9. rErZEn
can count his personal friends By the
hundred, Q fact due to bis many esd.
mable characteristics and bic unchang'
Ing, even, temperament.
CLHdUHER DOBYNS
has earned BY an honest, upright life.
the good will and respect Of the su'
tire community.
MILES KEHOE
Q man Of keen discerlnent; prompt
Of action, and persistent - well 40
honorable In method; 10 invariably sue
cassful.
BENJAMIN +. RICHOLSON.
has By honorable, conservative and up
right methods earned o high place 10
he business world and in the esteem
and good win Of the entire community.
JAMES NEDDlCK
never makes . promise that he does
not intend TO fuliili, nor undertakes
any enterprise that he does not feel
the will ard the power to thoroughly
carry into effect
JAMES J. GRAY.
has made IL rule through life to &C.
cord fair play as well rs to demand 1t
In all things. Everybody who knows
him trusts Us well as likes him.
CHARLES c. BREYER
has well earned the good will Of the
community which hs enjoys 70 such .
'arge extent
U. s. SENATOR A. ]. HOPKINS
steadfast and reliable. 10 one Of those
men whose word 10 40 good as his
bond. His many friends are unit In
testifying to these good qualities Of
his.
]. J. GERAGHTY
besides being a model citizen takes Q
good mans part In every movement
for the benefit of the city.
JOHN II. CONNERY
has made thorough performance OF
duty, fuhllment of all agreements
with his fellow men Ia the spirit and
the letter and exact justice In all
things the guiding principles OF his
successful career.
~esA
HON. JOHN J. HANBERG
| "A mau OI many eXceienl quantities., Is
| hrainy. reliable ana always stcadfast
to friends and to the line of duty.
<tsIA
GEORGE B SWIFT
| IL mnu Nno .nNHgIaI'iA Nlns ana re-
| tains the confidence and liking Of all
who have dealings with him.
%sssA
JUSTICE @. j. CHOpr
y respected and honored by sN Il
whom he 10 known.
~6A
JAMES PEASE
| believes In the golden rule and prac.
| tices II. This is the secret of his per
sOnal popularity and success In life.
%eA
CHARLES ii. CALLAHAN.
| onr ~ ClicHgo's most useful and re-
| ,pccted citizens.
6~TeA
| FRANCIS STUYVESANT PEABODY
can refer with pride to fine record
ns well as an hOnOred name IN this
community.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
ERNEST HUMMEL.

Patterson.
ERNEST HUMMEL.
a man OF true worth and sterling In.
tegrity. is justly regarded us one Of
Chicago's valued citizens.
~iQaA
GEORGE II. BOYD.
has an enviable record for absolute
honesty In all his business relations.
active support and sympathy for all
movements for the betterment Of the
city and his fellow.men and for all the
qualities that 80 to make up the ideal
citizen.
K1CKHAM SEAMAN
has ever been faithful to friends and
loyal to principle, fact which ac-
counts for his great popularity and
che host Of friends who swear by him.
JOHN !. HEALY
In all walks Of life has been stead.
fast to the old adage. and proved its
truth: Honesty is the best policy"
ALBERT n. ROSENEGK
has the esteem and good will Of all
who know him and who are acquaint.
cd with his many good qualities.
WILLIAM LORMIER.
enjoys a widespread aud weil.earued
popularity.
JUSTICE JOHN RICHARDSON
10 deserving OF tne confidence ana good
will Of the community.
JOHN N. SMYrH.
10 one who makes fair play bis motto
and has won by II.
~6A
GEORGE ". PAULLlN
10 q man whom Chicago 10 proud to
claim a. one Of its typical citizens.
JOHN +. McGOORTY
Is competent ana thorough man OF
affairs. Whatever he does he does well
and thoroughly.
ISlDORE II. HINES
II liked by all who know him and re.
Spected by all with whom he comes
In contact
ADAM ORTSEIrEN
combines good judgment with sound
ability In the management Of affairs
ANDREW J. GRAnAM
has a high conception OF the duties OF
good citizenship and has always lived
up to them.
GENERAL HARRIS a. WHEELER
Is liked by oil who are acquainted
with his many excellent traits OF char.
acter.
FRANK WENTEk.
honest, upright and uue-hearted. he
makes friends and wins the esteem OF
oil who become acquainted with him.
-
WALTER T.. SCHMIDT.
has the experience and the ability to
make q success OF all his undertak.
ings.
\SA
FRANK o. LOWDEN
can always be relied upon 10 be loyal
90 friends, true to principle and faith
ful TO his word, hence his friends and
admirers are legion.
~SA
WILLARD NJ. McEWEN.
10 the kind OF either who constitute,
the real backbone OF this city.
~c~
THEODORE OEHNE
Just apd fair In all hrs dealings, pos
sesses the confidence and good Will OF
all who know him.
~SA
ROGER g. SULLIVAN
n, progressive, enterprismg and indus
trious. Such men are always sure to
make a success In life.
40
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
<kc;eo
WILLIAM II. BLACK.

Is descrvedly popular, being uniformly
courteous and obllging to his fellow
citizens and always IA stickler for pro-
bity and principle.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
CEnRCE n nOYn

UEOKCiE II. BOYD.
has an enviable record for absolute
honesty In all his business relations.
active support and sympathy for all
movements for the betterment Of the
city and his fellow.men and for all the
qualities that 80 to make up the ideal
citizen.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

JUDGE VI. w. PINCKNEY
stands well In the business world,
being as popular as he IL prosperous.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

man OF true worth and sterling in.
tegrity. Is justly regarded as one Uf
Chicago's valued citizens.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
~
ANDREW !. RYAN

through busy ami careful life has
earned the respect ana good will Of
the entire community,
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
JOHN II. CONNERY

has made thorough performance OF
duty, fulfllment of all agreements
with his fellow men Ia the spirit and
the letter and exact justice In all
things the guiding principles OF his
successful career.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
~
], ], GEKAGIITY

besides being model citizen takes .
good mans part In every movement
for the benefit OF the city.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
~
LEO ERNST

10 q man OF sound judgment, strength
Of purpose and great activity. He has
never failed In the performance OF his
duties In life or the accomplishment
Of his undertakings.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
JAMES J. GRAY.

has made IL u rule through life to &C.
cord fair play as well rs to demand 1t
In all things. Everybody who knows
him trusts Us we'll as likes him.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
JOHN c. sPRy'.

stands well In the estimation Of his
fellow citizens as man whose word
once given Ia never broken, and who
has never been known to go back on
a friend or to desert a principle.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

U. s. SENATOR a. J. HOPKINS
steadfast and reliable. 10 one Of those
men whose word 10 40 good 40 his
bond. His many friends are q unit In
testifying to these good qualities Of
his.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
G.. L. SORROW

possesses In an eminent degree those
merits and qualities which 70 to make
up the true Chicagoan. lie Is best
liked by those who know him best.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

never makes . promise that he does
not intend TO fulAli, nor undertakes
any enterprise that he does not feel
the will ard the power to thoroughly
carry into effect
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

JUSTICE MAN EBERHARDT
has always put truth. nonor and JUS
tics before expediency; hence the es-
TEEN with which he Is looked upon by
oil who know him.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
CYRIL Il. JANDUS

has few e<- iais and no superors as u
man Of sturdy integrity and unflaggins
energy.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

JUDGE THEODORE BRENrANO
10 Q capable man Of anairs. honorable
In his dealings. and assiduous in at.
tention to his prosperous business.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
News Of Municipal Administration Given
Briefly and to the Point for
Eagle Readers.
Useful Information, Interesting Facts and
Personal Gossip Tersely Told by
One Who Knows.
AFTER THE "ALI-HOG" RAIL.

AFTER THE "ALI.-IIOG" RAIL.
ROAD.
Formal demand has been made on
the Illinois Central Railroad Company
for S15.OO by Corporation Counsel
Lewis. This amount. the attorney con-
tends. is due the city as compensa-
tion for the last five years for the
use of the streets and public thor
oughfares in lieu of taxes. The char.
ter of the company eNempts it from
taxation. but Colonel Lewis holds 1t
should he compelled to pay something
on its terminals and public property
occupied. Colonel Lewis shows good
grounds for his contention. and the
public will give him its hearticst sup
port in his efforts to compel the all-hog
road to pay its fair and just proper.
ton of taxation.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
CHARLES IL. CALLAHAN.

can refer with pride to fine record
ns well as an hOnOred name in this
community.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30
FRANK o. LOWDEN

can always be relied upon TO be loyal
20 friends, true to principle and faith.
ful TO his word, hence his friends and
admirers are legion.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1905-12-30

WALTER T.. SCHNIDT,
has the experience and the ability to
make q success OF all his undertak-
ings.
New-York tribune., 1905-01-13
LUXURIOUS, SAY POLICE.
Alleged DisOrderly Place Near Hof-
man House Is RGided.

Around the corner from the Hoffman House
and The Fifth Avenue Hotel, in TWenty-fourth-
81 between Broadway and Sixth-ave., two OF
Inspector McLsughlin's men made a raid last
night. In what they said was one Of the most
iGTuroUsly furnished houses they had ever Wis
tied = similar errand. they arrested woman
who said she was Rose Stein and another won-
sr. The Stein woman was charged with con-
ducting disorderly house. and the other with
being ~ inmate. No other women were IN the
house the time
Warrants for the Stein woman and others who
might be found there had been issued by Mag
strste Ommen The warrants were given to De-
tectiVes 0'Brien and Lyons, two Of Inspector
GcLsUghlin's men, who said they had been in
the place two nights ago. and had obtained evi-
cence. The detectives said the character Of the
house. which is four story and basement
structure. never was questioned until it's recent
occupants took possession. For weeks the place.
ne detectives say, was in the hands OF eE-
ifrlenne5 decorators and fuTnishers.