Evening star., 1905-10-17
Notable Ceremonies at st.
Andrews, Scotland, Today.
RECTOR INAUGURATED
MANY DISTINGUISHED AMERI-
CANS PARTICIPATED.
Enthusiastic Reception of the Philan-
thropist-Degrees Conferred Upon
Five From This Country.

=.
Never before have so many distinguished
Americans directly participated I'm ceremo-
MES connected with the inauguration of
the rector of British university as par
took In today's functions at ST. Andrews
when Andrew Carnegie was installed as
lord rector for second time.
Whitelaw Reid. the American ambassa-
dor at London; Charlemagne Tower Amer
ican ambassador at Berlin; Bishop Henry
c. Potter of New York and DIR. William Q.
Holland, director of the Carnegie museum
at Pittsburg, occupied seats on the plat
form and had conferred on them the honor
ary degree of doctor of laws which also
was bestowed on DR.. Nicholas Murray But
Ter, president of Columbia University, New
York, in absentia.
The hall was crowded with scarlet
gowned undergraduates of both sexes. and
the male students enlivened the proceed
ings with the usual amount of chan and
songs The entrance OF Mr.. Carnegie was
the signal for outburst OF enthusiasm.
Mr.. Carnegie's Address.
Five nations, or even three. banded to-
gether in league of peace, and inviting
all other nations to join them, could BAN
sh all war in the future" This opinion
was expressed today by Andrew Carnegie
in his rectorial address to the students in
the University of St. Andrews. In out'in-
ing the plan for the league of peace Mr.
Carnegie said: 'If the principal European
nations were not free through conscription
from the problem which now disturbs the
military authorities of Britain the lack of
sufficient numbers willing to enter the man +
Staying profession, we should soon hear the
demand formulated for league of peace
among the nations.
Five nations co-operated in Quellng the
recent Chinese disorders and rescuing their
representatives in Picking. II is perfect
| ly clear that these five nations could BAN
three
| formed a league of peace-inv.,.ig all
other nations to join-and agreed that since
| war in any part of the civilized world al
| fects all nations, and often seriously. that
| no nation shall go to war, but shall refer
| international disputes to The Hague confer
| ence other arbitral body for peaceful
| settlement. tne league agreeing to declare
| non-inSercourse with any nation refusing
| compliance. Imagine a nation today cut
| off from the world. The league also might
| reserve to itself the right, where nom
| Intercourse is likely to fail. or has failed
| to prevent war. to use the Necessary force
| to maintain peace, each member of the
| league agreeing TO provide the needed
| forces, OF money in lieu thereof, in proper
| ton to her population or wealth.
Mr. Carnegies address devoted en-
| tirely to the desirability. necessity and even
| the possibility of putting an end to war;
| He said in part:
| "Polygamy and slavery have been abol-
| ished by civilized nations. Dueling no
| longer exists where English is spoken. The
|
| have passed away. Many other benefcent
| apolitions have been made in various fields,
\ but there still remains the Ioulest blot that
! has disgraced the earth-the killing
| of civilized men by men like wild beasts
| as a permissible mode of settling interna-
| tional disputes.
| Nothing can be cea rer than that the Lead
| ers of Christianity Immediately succeeding
| Christ from whom authentic expressions
! of doctrines have come down to us. were
| well assured that their Master had forbid
den to the Christian the killing of men in
| war or enlisting in the legions. We may
| well wonder that Christian priests accom-
| pany the armies of our day, and even dare
| to approach the Unknown, beseeching His
| protection and favor for soldiers in their
heinous work. Future ages to pro-
nounce all this blasphemous. There are
those of today who deplore 1t deeply.
Much has man accomplished in his up
ward march from savagery, but the in
deible mark of still remains to stain
the earth and discredit our claim to civ
ilizatiion. But / ask your attention for a
few minutes to many bright rays, pierre
ing the dark cloud. which encourage us.
Consider for a moment what was in
days past. 1t knew no laws, had re-
strictions. Poison and assassination of op-
posing rulers and generals, arranged by
| private bargain and deceptive agreements,
| were legitimate weapons. Prisoners were
massacred enslaved No quarter
| given. Enemies were tortured and mutt
| lated: Women, children and non-combat-
ants were not spared. Wells were pol
| soned. Private property was not respected.
| Pillage the rule. Privateering and
| private war were allowed. Neutral rights
| at sea were almost unknown.
A Deplorable Exception.
'One deplorable exception exists to the
| march of improvement new stain has
recently crept into the rules of war as foul
! as any that war has been forced by public
| sentiment to discard. Today it is held that
| a formal declaration of war is not indis-
pensable and that war can exist without it.
Here is the only step backward to be met
| with In the steady progress of modifying
the rules of war. 1t proclaims that any
! party to a dispute can first in his right
| hand carry gentle peace, sitting in friendly
/ fconfesence. ostensibiy engaged in finding
| peaceful solution of differences. while with
| the left he grasps concealed the assassins
/ dagger.
| 1T is to be hoped that the coming confer
| ence will stamp this treachery contrary
| to the rules of war. and thus return to the
ancient and more chiyalrous idea of attack
| only after notice. At last there is no ex-
cusa for war. tribunal Is now at hand TO
judge wisely and deliver righteous judgment
between nations. 1t has made an auspfcious
start. A number of disputes have already
been settled by It.. 1t was under a pro-
vision of The Hague conference that the
President of the United States addressed
his recent note to Japan and Russia sug-
gesting a conference looking to peace ana
offering his services to bring it about His
Hague treaty.
Notwithstanding all the cheering signs
of the growth of arbitration, we should de-
lude ourselves If we assumed that war Is
Immediately TO cease, for 1t is scarcely 10
be hoped that the future has not to witness
more than one great holocaust of men 10
be offered up before the reign of peace
| blesseS the earth. The scoria from the
smoldering mass of the fiery past, the seeds
that great wars have sown, may be ex-
| pected to burst out at intervals more and
ha Of ~ to
exhausted. That there Is to be perfect, un-
broken peace in our progress to this end
we are not so unduiy sanguine as TO imag-
inc. We are prepared for more than
| outbreak of madness and folly in the fu-
| ture, as in the past but that peace is 20
come at last and that sooner. much sooner,
| than the majority OF my hearers can pos
| sfbly credit. ! for one entertain
| particle of doubt"
At the close of Mr.. Carnegie's address
degrees We're conferred on the five Ameri-
! cans and on four Scotchmen.
| Arrest Followed Release From Prison.