New-York tribune., 1905-01-30
SPAIN'S PEERAGE.
Number of Titles of Nobility Gradu-
aVy Reduced by HeaUy Dues.

grh hOnOrS
. var1ain in allegiance rather than cripple their
..s nv the payment OF dues amounting 10
,.no for each ordinary title and $500 when the
s,,,s7v carries with il the grandezza- II q noble
- hss n dozen titles. such as. for instance. the
-7,ke Of Alba. he is obliged TO pay 5000 each
q them
-r,,ls N this. the contingent Of dukes has
,-s-sle5 70 about fourscore. Thirty forty years
=, +he~e we're no less than nine hundred mar
80 II, Spaiu. To-day there are less than i've
t-s-ed The counts number SsS. the viscounts -
- @be hsrous 7S. There Is only one Spanish title
.--sDce now IN existence, namely. that OF Prince
. calais and Il is borne by foreigner, namely.
= t.r-f de Bearn. secretary OF the French En-
- II Washington. The titles OF prince con-
s.~-es bv Charles II upon Godoy, the INFAMOUS
-s.. of his consort. Queen Louise and by the
= -,-oen Christine while Regent. seventy years
- ,,nor Marshal Espartero were for life only
=. p--rre de Chslsis is likewise one OF the very
- foreigners who are to-day grsnoees OF Spain.
.-,o.r the others being the Duke OF wellington.
= mr. De NOuchy-Soailes. the Due de Besufre-
- she Due de Lewis MirepoiX. Contrary TO
&C. belief abroad. the grsndezza Goes not al
f-,rlv the possession Of blue blood For the title
= 49, INVARIABLY carries with II the grandezza,
s---,r .be nineteenth century dukeeoms were
-. osrsn conferred by the late Queen Christine
- .,- her daughter. Queen Isabella, upon men OF
- humble origin, Christine bestowing the duke
- NJ Riauzeres upon the handsome guerdsman
,r-or whom she raised from the rank OF
~rfv
o., isabella is responsible for elevatng an ex-
- ~ Madrid 10 be Duke OF Ssntora- Titles OF
.sfr-v other than those Ot dukes DO not however.
.gss, their owners with the grandezza- which
-. - these cases can only be claimed from the
-,rD t7v people of proven ancient lineage on both
..+ne-s' and mothers sides Of the house
-ss r-andees OF Spain number about SO Quite
..v ~ them are Untitled. They are ttular cham
s.-lstrs Of the sovereign, and If possessed OF an
..,--s NJ $1,000 derived from entailed family es-
,+ss have right 70 a seat IN the Senate. Formerly
= g-snsees were divided into several classes
-,ssv there Is but one class 50 that the designa-
- ~ "srsn5ee OF the first class has no longer
-y rgening II is the grandezza which consti-
,,,fss INC real patrieiste ot the Kingdom
r. ,s-n nobility IS misleading. For, In the days
- ,-s-S n spain against the Moorish conqueroTs,
=. pirrs OF Spain were accustomed TO confer
tsrs5izsry nobility upon the entire population OF
tovrs cites and even OF provinces which had ois-
i,esbed themselves by their successful resistance
"a ths Noors Thus al Basques, whether peasant
serzar petty shopkeeper or great landowner have
Zen mobiles in this way since the Moorish oecupa-
ion o. Spain.
n. most ancient title IN Spain is that Of count.
which dates back 20 the tenth century. It was
Frpsror Charles Y who first created both dukes
srs The Erandees-twelve in number. The titles
~ marquis viscouat and baron came in with the
Bourbon dynasty the beginning OF the eighteenth
century
One word IN conclusion In Spain when there are
10 sons the eldest daughter inher1ts the tather
titles and honors. which marrying she shares
-ft6 her husband who has right 10 assume them
Thus there are q number Of counts, narquses and
sukes who owe their dignities entirely TO thelr
wives For instance, the Duke OF AlmoooFars VINO
vss Minister OF Foreign Affairs At Madrid al the
r.nse Of the war between this country and Spain
Vas Csptain Rosales until he married the Duchess
q Alrnodovar IN her own right, and in the Same
vsv Manuel FaIcos became Duke Of Fernan-Nunez
fv lssding 70 the altar the heiress OF the ouKeoon
n Fe-rsn-HSunaz The Duke Of Fernan-Nunez Is
ssss His widow stin lives and not until her death
vvll hsr eldest son now known the Marquis de IA
Nina Grand Master q the Horse 10 the King, IN
hsrt me tile BY which his father was known Not
few Englshren, ike tie novelist and journalist
Granville Murray and several Americans have lost
not Only nationality but also their names and denti
.es tv wedding Spanish women heiresses 10 ancient
names and ties which they thereupon assumed by
virtue o. their marriage.
THIS succession OF titles through the female
liue which exists nowhere else IN Europe, save in
Scotland and IN the case OF limited number OF
English neersEes goes 10 confirm the contention
o.reu maze II these letters that the Sale law
upon which Don Carlos bases his pretension TO the
Spanish throne Is not A Spanish doctrine. that II
vas introduced without authority mention in the
constitution by The French born Duke Of Anjou
Eho 0s Philippe Y. became the first of the Bour-
bon kings n the eighteenth century. and that.
therefore King Ferdinand VII was merely acting
n accordance with century old Spanish traditions,
bsqueathed his throne. 70 his brother Charles
the first OF the Don Carlos pretenders-but 20 his
infant daughter. Isabella II
aIARsHAL-s FATEFUL COUGH
Ths MareschsIe de- St Arnaud. whose death has
5uEt taken place al Paris survived by exactly half
century her husband. The latter. who succumbed
TO cholera while oomuanding n chief the French !
forces n the Crimea engaged in the siege OF sebas-
topo, was perhaps the most brilliant OF that band
r1rere VIII ~ ei-1eS
TIE throne o. France. Indeed. IL is 70 him that 1
must be Escribed the bloodshed az Paris that sig
h2lzed the coup d'etat which inaugurated the 1
Third Empire. He, however. always used 10 de- /
care that the butchery OF the Unarmed citizens by
ne troops was due 70 mistake resulting from a
terrible cough wiki which he was afflicted az the 1
tine
L seens-sccoE6ing 70 his story-that when asked 4
Naetaer the troops were 10 FIRE upon the popuace 4
Z" noi. ne was seized with violent fl Of coughing
Nhien lasted several minutes Finally. when he 4
1sseo he just managed 70 gasp the words. ma /,
H1tse iou1' rruy cursed cough'b- The officer /
- 10 take he orders. having waited until the 1
cue Lac recovered his breath, repeated his ques- /
'-- aac again ST Arnaud began coughing vlo- 4
- terminating as on the previous occasion 4
- NE eKcls nation. Ma sscree toUX." The 4
a vas no fool he could take hint wei 4
sy one else, and saTUting, he left the com {
-Sl presence on returning 10 the brgadiers 4
- poloaels who had sent kim for instructions he 1
"1so that sr. Aruauds orders had been 4
Ss&sefez fous' f'massacre all'). The command 4
o'fyed 10 the letter. and many thousands OF /
Ileo nen. women and children were in con i
s-sloe tAersot shot down and bayoneted in the /
'Eesif o, Paris
- % many ~ Nepoleon's associates IN the coup /
ne name which he bore under the empire /
- 1o' tlat O. his birth The Due de Persigny's 4
- ~'s, u may be rendered Fialin. that /
7-sI@ Count FlewTy Felix. while the mar
orlh certificate gives his name as Jacques
80 Lefuy II was as such that he entered the 4