davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18
4 Mother Of cars.

Among the many books about Russia
which have been called forth by the war
in the Far East, considerable interest at
taches to a biographical sketch which throws
light upon Russian history during the first
quarter of the nineteenth century. We
refer to the volume called A Mother OF
Csdrs. by Mrs. COLoUHOUN GRANT (E. p
Dutton Coz. This is an outline of the
life Of Marie Feodorowna, wife of Paul L..
and mother Of Alexander !. and Nicholas
l. This il. So far as we know, the first
biography in English of the Princess
Dorothea Of Wurtemberg. the name which
the subject bore before she was baptized
into the Greek Church, and became Grand
Duchess of Russia. For the story of her
childhood and Of the years that imme-
dately followed her marriage to the Grand
Duke Paul Petrowitz. Mrs. Grants prin-
cipal authority is her girlhood friend.
the Baronne d'Oberkirch, a life Of whom
has been published in French by her grand
son, the Comte de Montbrisson. Some
data have also been derived from other
French works published in the early part
Of the nineteenth century, such as the
memoirs of the Comte de Segur; Masson's
Secret Memoirs Concerning Russia" and
The Princess Dorothea Of Wurtemberg.
better known by her later name OF Marie
Feodorowna. was born in l759, at the castle
of Montbdliard in Asace in 1850. In 1910
she married the Grand Duke Paul, only
acknowledged child OF Catherine H., and
the putative son of the Car Peter III. It
is we'll known that belief was prevalent
at the time of his birth that the Grand
Il r. 81, - H..
III; and Castera, in his history of the En-
press Catherine H., adduces strong evil
dence for the assertion that Paul could only
have been the son OF one of her lovers
presumably Oron. Other historians have
concurred in the opinion. Our author
points out that, II We choose to accept the
charge as well founded, brief account
Of Marie Feodorowna becomes OF all the
greater interest. because in that case. she
and Paul would he the real founders Of the
imperial dynasty which now rules over
Russia in the person Of Nicholas IT,
1t is we'll known that after the tour, in
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18
New Text Books.

An admirable bit Of work in compare
lively new field has been done by DR. James
j. Robinson in Selections from the Public
and the Private Law OF the Romans Amer
lean Book Company. 1t il a presentation
Of the main facts and principles Of the
Roman law to students Of Latin and to tho
general reader rather than to tho law
student, though he likewise may benefit
from the authors excellent summary.
First comes a concise and thorough sum
mary OF the sources from which our know-
edge of the Roman law Ia derived. Then
follows the text. beginning with Sextus
Pomponuss account OF the origin and de-
velopment OF the law. and containing
definitions and statements Of essential
principles. These are put together from
the whole body of the corpus 1uris, carefully
and clearly. 1t is refreshing in an age Of
machine made text books to come across
one like this, which shows character and
individuality on the part Of the author.
New texts in modern languages are al
ways welcome. Conrad Ferdinand Meyers
"Das Amulet" which Mr.. e. c. Glascock
has edited american Book Company,
may lack distinction, but the story has this
sort of interest that should attract a COL
lege class and the German is Of the kind
that should prove serviceable to the be-
ginner. 1t must be distinctly useful to
teachers.
In artistic dress. as is the fashion now
with classical textbooks. with the facsimile
of Greek coin on the cover and cuts from
vases and other antiquities adjoining the
pages Prof Joseph Edward Harry Of the
University of Cincinnati edits anew the
'Prometheus of Eschylus american
Book Company. The introduction, v.
infer, is intended more to display the edi-
tors classical er7udition and acquaintance
with English literature than to enlighten
the student: the statements Of fact in it
are pretty blind, while the philosophical.
poetical and artistic illusions present
in very Objectionable shape a jargon
which, we imagine, classical teachers would
teach their pupils to shun. The text. we
are informed, is up to date and the notes
such as usually accompany Greek and Latin
texts.
A simple and practical little handbook Of
the matters with which kindergarten pupils
are kept busy has been written by Mary Il.
Gilman and Elizabeth B. Williams with
the descriptive but rather clumsy title
Seat Work and Industrial Occupations
(Macmilans). These we take to be tech
meal terms of the new pedagogy. The
things described. however, are the usual
manipulations of blocks, colored paper,
rope and other simple materials. The
book is intended for the teacher.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18

told that Prof. Alexander Balm. remarkable
for his fruitfulness in philosophic devices
once asked our authors opinion concern
ing n project of constructing barometer
OF personal character which should vary
under the pressure of time and events
Everybody. of course, knows people VINO
have changed, but few notice that people
are changing daily for better or worse
What Balm wanted was to contrlve some
instrument by which these variations
could be denoted, In his own experience
MIR. Holyoake has had occasion to marx
many such mutations.
The changes have not only been truly
objective in the persons observed. but also
In his own subjective estimation OF them'
Touching this matter. he observes: NO
doubt men must he Judged on the balance
OF their ascertained merits and demer1ts
Bishop Buffers maxim that probability IA
the guide of life implies proportion, and
furnishes the rule whereby character IL to
be judged For years l conceived strong
dislike of Sir Robert Peel because as Home
Secretary he had refused the petition OF
Mrs Carlisle to be allowed to leave the
prison (where she ought never to nave
ment. Peel's refusal was unfeeling and
brutal Yet in after life 1t was seen Una.
Sir Robert possessed great qualitles ana
made great sacrifices in promoting lhe
public good; and learned to hold In honor
one whom had hated for half century
Our author goes on to acknowledge that
for many years he had entertained an IN
different estimate of Sir William Harcourt-
The prejudice began when our authors
friend, Mr.. +. J. r. Crauf,lrd, NJ. r., chal-
lenged Harcourt to a duel which the latter
declined-"justiflably it might be, a he was
a larger man than his antagonist and
offered a wider surface for bullets, Declln-
Ing to fight was mertorious In my eyes as
duels had then political prestige, aud
courage was required to refuse them
The cause of the challenge however, In this
instance, l thought well founded MT.
Holvoake adds that. in the earlier years OF
Sir Williams Parliamentary life, he had
many opportunities Of observing him, and
thought he appeared more contented with
himself than any man is entitled to he on
this side of the millennium. When Member
for Oxford as a Liberal he declared against
the payment of members Of Parliament on
the ground of expense. The expense would
have been one half-penny year to each
elector. This seemed to me so iAsincere
that ceased to count him as Liberal who
could be trusted. Yet all the while he had
great qualities as conhatant OF the hgh-
eat order in the battles of Liberalism. who
sacrificed himself lost all pr spect OF high
distinction and incurred the undylng rage
of the rich by irstitutilg death duties,
services which entitled him 10 honor and
regard
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18

TO the prescribed oath. II was with great
reluctance. and only in defense OF prin-
ciple, that Hoyoake condemned the con-
duct of Bradlaugh in Offering to take the
oath "My conviction was" says our
author, that a freethinker should have
as much courage, consistency and sell
respect a any Apostle, or Jew or Cathollo
or Quaker. All had in turn refused to
make profession OF opinions they did
not hold, at the peril Of death. or, as in the
case of O'Connell and the Jews at the GER
tainty Of exclusion from Parliament. lhey
had only to take an oath to the terms OF
which they could not honestly subscribe.
Mr.. Bradlaugh had no scruple about dong
it, In tho House OF Commons he openly
kissed the Bible In which he did not believe
"A token Of reverence he did not feel
He even administered to himself an oath
which was contrary to his protested CON
victions This seemed to be reflection
upon the honor Of Free Thought Had |
not dissented from it should have been a
sharer in the scandal, and Free Thought
so far as ! represented it-would have
beon regarded as below the Christian or
pagan level"
In connection with the controversy con-
corning the cath. Our author received
letter from John Stuart Mill. which, when
published in the Daily Ners, excited much
surprise. Mr.. Mill was of the opinion that,
the oath being made the condition OF
obtaining Justice. ordinary persons might
TAX it, whether they believed the terms
OF il or not He drew the distinction.
however, that one who was known TO
disbelieye the terms OF it, and had for
years publicly written and spoken to that
effect, had better not take it, Mr. Holyoake
points out that this was the well known
unitarian doctrine. that the consequences
of an act are the justi ton OF it, BEN
than held that the sacrifice OF liberty or
life was j,lsttiabe only on the ground
that the public gained by II, Concerning
this view of the matter our author re-
marks: "A disciple should have very
strong convictions who differs from his
master. and | differ with tiiffidence from
Mr.. Mill as to the propriety Of carving
unitarian doctrine into the domain OF
morals. Truth is hi CHER than utility and
goes before it, Truth is measure OF
utility. and not utility the measure OF truth.
Conscience is higher than consequences.
We are bound first. to consider what Is
right There may be in some cases reasons
which Justify departure from the right
But these are exceptions. The general
rule is-Truth has the first claim upon us
MIR. Holvoake's conclusion in the paruou-
lar case before him was: "To take an oa IN
when YOU do not believe in an avenging
deity who will enforce it is to lie and know
that YOU lie. This surely requires ex-
coptional jus tifcat ton, 1t is nothing to
oil 10 ha the oaf PIN is IlnGs
ing upon YOU The security OF tina Is the
terms Of the oath. The law knows no
other terms. To admit the terms to be
unnecessary is to abolish the oath. Our
author. Of course. did not mean to assert
that the law might not qualify witness
to give evidence in court OH "a"''
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18

OF all the thinkers of the nineteenth
century our authors study and experience
have led him to assign the highest place to
Herbert Spencer place higher even
than that which in his judgment, should
be awarded to John Stuart Mill. To his
eve Spencers was the most distinctive
personality that remained after Glad
stones death. Mr.. Holyoake holds that
"men have to go back to Aristotle to find
Spencers compeer in range of thought,
and to Gibbon for parallel to his protracted
persistence in accomplishing his great de-
sign of creating Philosophy OF Evolution.
Mr. Spencer's distinction was that he laid
down new landmarks OF evolutionary
guidance in all the dominions of human
knowledge. Gibbon lived to relinquish
his pen in triumph at the end OF years of
devotion to his History of the Decline and
Fall Of the Roman Empire, but Mr.. Spen-
Ger planned the history Of the rise and
growth of a mighter, a more magnificent
and more benefcent empire that of uni
versal law-and for forty years he "pur-
sued his majestic story in every vicissitude
Of strength. with unfaltering purpose,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18
v

Our author was not only acquainted
with George Henry lA,wes and George
Elicit but had an afIectionate regard for
them. How afectionate we may Judge
from the fact that when he found that
there was a vacant place at the head OF the
graves where they lie side 10y side he bought
it. that his ashes might repose near them'
On such occasions as arose during thelr
lives he indicated both, as he knew well
the personal circumstances OF their lives
He tells us that when in the United States
ne found that statements had been MADE
concerning them which no editor OF honor
should have published without persona!
knowledge Of the facts upon which they
purported to he founded At least no
editor should have given publicity to such
derogatory statements without the au-
thority represented by the signature OF a
known and responsible person. We learn
that on the first opportunity MIR Hol-
yoake spoke with Mr.. Iewes's oldest son
and asked authority to contradict the lipels.
The son thought the calumnes beneath
contempt, that they had sprung up in theo-
logical soil and would wither of them
selves if not fertiliZed by disturbance. FOR
his own part our author says: Il know
OF no instance of purity and generosity
greater than that displayed by George
Eliot in her relation with Mr. Iewes Edgar
Allan Poe was subject to graver defama :
ton widely believed for years, which was
afterward shown to be entirely devoid of
truth George Elot's personal reputation
will hereafter be seen to have been just
and luminous Mr. Holyoake AYERS that
yyh a n
opinion had to do with a personal union
founded in affection. by which nobody
was wronged, nobody distressed. and i'll
which protection was accorded and gener-
GUS provision made for the present and
future interests of every one concerned.
Conventional opinion. not even in it's ethical
aspects. could establish higher relations
than existed in their case. There are thou
sands of marriages tolerated conventions
ally. and enthusiastically approved. in every
way less estimable and less honorable
than the distinguished union upon which
society," without Justification. affected to
frown.'
1t appears that George Eliot was not
one Of those who deem it Of more impor-
lance to save ones soul alive" than to
make happy those human beings with
whom one is brought in contact. Our
author describes as follows characteristic
conviction Of George Eiot's from which in
practise she never departed: She held
az a solemn conviction-the result OF life
time of observation -that. in proportion
as the thoughts of men and women are
removed from the earth on which they live.
are diverted from their own mutual relations
and responsibilities. Of which they alone
know anything, to an invisible world.
which can only be apprehended by belief,
they are led to neglect their duty to each
other, to squander their strength in vain
speculations, which can result in no profit
to themselves or their fellow creatures,
and which diminish their capacity for
strenuous and worthy action during span
of life, brief indeed, but whose conse-
quences will extend to remote pos,rrity."
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18
SOME NEW BOOKS.
George Jacob Holy oakc's Rccollcctions

OfOFEf Jacob t1Oiy
Most Of the recent contributions to Eng
lish reminiscent literature have dealt with
statesmen and men Of letters, and only to n
relatively small extent with the middle and
working classes Of Great Britain They
tell us comparatively little about the polit'
ical, social and economic movements,
which since the passage of the first Reform
cat and the repeal of the Corn laws nave
eona so far toward revolutoniaing the con-
dition Of the mass Of England's population
There existed. therefore, in this depart
ment of literature n gap, which Is hUea
by the two volumes entitled Bpgones Worm
Remembering, by GEORGE JACOB HoL-
YoAKE 'E. p. Dutton & Coz. by rea-
son OF his great age-he Is now S--the
author IL comparatively unknown TO the
present generation of Americans, II not
also OF his own countrymen. Before aud
Immediately after the civil war. however.
few English names were more familiar to
William Lloyd Garrison. to Wendell Phil
lips and other abotioniSts and reformers
In tire United States than that of the COM
piler of this book.
As to a certain extent, however, ne mas
been of late years overlooked. it may be
we'll 10 TTeld'1' u Ho'lN' VI '''''' ''''''
with some account Of the writer's career
and with two or three weighty testimonials
to the Importance of the part he played
George Jacob Holyoake, who was born al
Birmin CHAM on April 10. 1917, has been
from youth jealous laborer in the cause
Of workingmen. He has been a writer on
cooperation and he was the founder OF
"Secularism," a system of life which bases
duty on considerations purely human. re-
lies on material means of Improvement,
and justifes its beliefs to the individual
conscience, irrespectivey of atheism. the
ism or revelation. He has filed various
Offices, and taken an active share in many
public movements. He taught mathe-
mates at the Mechanics Institution in
Birmingham, lectured on Robert Owens
socialist system. acted a. secretary to the
British contingent that went to the as
sistance Of Garibald. edited the Redsoner.
was chiefly instrumental in getting the bill
leSalaing secular af'irmations passed, pro-
jected the light on the clock tower OF the
Parliament House and exerted himself on
behalf Of settlers in Canada and the United
States. As lately as 1887 he was president
Of tho Carlisle Congress of Cooperative
Societies, and Is, or should be. remembered
as the author OF History Of Cooperation
IN England 'Self-Help a Hundred Years
Ago. and sixty Years Of An Agitator's
Life the book last named har'N" heen
,,,bliahed In 1902 -.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18

to the dissentients from the faith he loved
so we'll" Elsewhere in the same chapter
We read In tho splendid winter OF Mr.
Gacistones days there was no ice in his
heart. Like the light that ever glowed
in the temple of Montezuma. the generous
fire of his enthusiasm never went out.
The nation mourned his loss with pomp
Of sorrow more deep and universal than
ever exalted the memory OF king
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-06-18

Though Mr. Holyoake has outlived him,
he seems never to have forgiven Lor d
Salisbury for the acrid. sneering, insulting,
contemptuous speeches made by the heir
of the Cecils in the House of Commons
against workingmen seeking the franchise,
what gave this man. he asks, the right
to speak with bitterness and scorn of the
people whose industry kept him in the
opulence he so little deserved? Some
friends OF mine who had personal inter
course with him described him as a fair
spoken gentleman All the while, and to
the end of his days, he had the cantan-
kerous cunning in diplomacy which brought
contempt and dstrust upon Englishmen
abroad, while his jests at Irish Members
of Parliament whom his Government
had subjected to humiliation in prison
denoted, many thought. the innate say
agery OF his order when secure from public
retribution- which people should remem-
ber who perpetuate its impunity. Diff
ference of opinion is to be respected, but
it is difficult even for philosophy to con
done scorn, IL recklessness in language
be the mark of inferiority in workmen,
what is it in those Of high position who
compromise nation by their ungoyerned
tongues At the same time Mr.. Holyoake
recalls to Lord Salisbury's honor the fact
that he subscribed fifty pounds toward the
memorial to John Stuart Mill when Mr..
Gladstone. who had been on friendly terms
with the great thinker, declined to serve
on the memorial committee. influenced
apparently, by Abraham Hayward's I'M
putation Of intrinsic immortality to Mills
opinions.
In the second OF these volumes We are
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-12-02
WILL WAIT ON LAW.
Senate Is Not Likely to Expel ANY
Offending Member.

Washington, Dec. 2.-There is no pro-
liability that the senate viii take ac-
ton to purge itself of the Odium
brought upon that body through the
misconduct of any of its members.
There is no disposition to depart from
precedent. The senate will wait until
the law works out its own course in the
care of Senators Burton and Mitchell.
Popular sentiment viii determine the
status of Senators Depew and PIatt OF
New York.
Senators Burton and Mitchell both
have been warned to absent themselves
from the senate and to make no at
tempt to preside over any committee OF
which either is chairman. They have
been told that their appearance in the
chamber might influence the senate to
take formal cognizance of their Offenses
and force action before the law has run
its course
Both are under sentence of fine and
Imprisonment and both have appealed
to the higher courts. When the final
tribunal has passed confirmation OF
either of these sentences the statute be-
comes automatic and the seat is va
can't
In the mentime Mr.. Burton has not
been in the senate chamber. He was
not permitted to vote on the statehood
bill last session, although his vote
would have changed the entire situation,
giving the friends of statehood ma
jority.
Senator Mitchell is in a similar posi-
ton. He was permitted to appear IN
the senate and make a speech declar-
ing his innocence, but the privilege was
refused Mr. Burton because he did not
ask it at the outset.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-12-02
Tourist cars PouuTar.

me idea that an inferior class Of
people patronize the tourist slespers is
an error. On many trips only the best
class Of travellers are found. They are
merely men and women Of good sense
who would rather travel to California
in this manner and save a snug sum
If money to be used elsewhere. 1t Is
beginning to be understood that it Is
Nv no means necessary for the traveller
TO spend a large sum OF money IA or
f5er to enjoy a trip to the Pacific coast
r vou cross the continent in one Of
che tourist sleepers Of the Union Pa
cffic you win enjoy your trip and save
considerable money.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1905-12-02
SSALFoRNLA TIC SYRUP c. 80
Topeka. Rev. John s. Glendenning. pas

Topeka. Rev. John S. Glendenning, pas
tor; residence, 1910 North Quincy street.
Third Presbyterian..F7ourth street be
tween Chandler and Branner streets. W.
NJ. Cleveland, pastor; residence, 1001 East
Fourth street.
Westminster OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES Col
Iege avenue and Huntoon street. Rev.
Frank Ward, pastor.
Oakland esbyterian-Corner Winneld
and Riverside avenues, Oakland. Rev. >;
A. Alt, pastor; residence. 2O5 Winfield
avenue.
and West streets. Rev. =. II. Aeisos pas
tor; residence, 1872 West Sixth avenue.
First Cumberland Presbyterian.-Africa
800 Jackson street, North Topeka
Second Cumberland Presbyterian. Arr
can--211 East Thirteenth street. Rev. >:
f. Cary, pastors residence III East
First United Presbyterian - Corner
Eighth and Topeka avenues. Rev. = a.
Renwick, pastor; residence, 81 1yieE
Second Presbyterian-Corner Fillmore
and Huntoon streets. Rev J. r WnlIe'
Reformed Presbytarian-Clay street, be-
tween Ninth street and Tenth avenue.
Pastor. Rev. ". W. Wilson. 9zz Clay
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.
First Church of Christ. Scient1st-CoL-
ner Huntoon and Polk streets. MIS-. ".
D. Mckinney, first reader, 1112 West Sixth
Second Church Of Christ. soientist--1os
West Ninth street. Ruth Wells, reaoer'
residence. 107 West Eleventh street.
MISCELLANEOUS
First United Rrethren-Corner Quincy
and Twelfth streets. Rev. T D. critics,
pastor; residence III East Twelfth
street
Evangelical (Albright) German-Corner
Fourth and Monroe streets. Rev. Peter
Schumann, pastor; residence, S29 Monroe
street
First Unitarian-Topeka avenue. be-
tween Ninth street and Tenth avenue.
Rev. Abram Wyman, pastor; residence,
S05 Greenwood avenue
Seventh Day Adventist-COrner Fifth
street and Western avenue. Rev. 2. 7.
Russell, elder; residence, sol Polk street.
Swedish Mission - 522 Polk street,
Rev Peter Person, pastor; residence,
622 Clay street.
New Jerusalem. Observation-Disclosures
Harrison street. No regular pastor.
The Church of God-Corner Grant and
Jackson streets, North Topeka. No reg
Salvation Arny-Barracls, s12 kansas
avenue. Captain and Mrs. 2. Stinnett,
| officers in charge.
St. PauI's Evangelical church-Corner
Fourth and Monroe streets. Rev. Mr..
| VOightling, pastor; residence, Alma, Kan.