The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-08-10
DONT'S
For Speaker and
Writer
Ready Reaia1ee Of Eerofs Il \
the Use 81 Common words,
Arranged AlDhatstieally

By EDWARD B. WARNAN. A. NJ
(Author of practical Orthoepy and Crit
iaue." 1.-The Voice: How to Train It:
How to Care for It." Etc.)
Copyright. 1905 BY Joseph B. Bowles)
Authors Note.-It il one thing to record
errors. quite another 10 avoid them. He
who waits for the faultless one to cast
therefore. as one OF many working for
The betterment Of the English language.
shall be pleased to receive kindly criti-
c!sm. II. perchance. I. too. have erred.
Ones theory often is better than ones
practice. This was exemplified by the
teacher Of language when he said to his
class: Never use . proposition to end
q sentence with"
Many years ago began to be watchful
Of errors. noted them In little book;
the book grew as the years passed.
profted much: shall profit more. l now
record them that l may benefit others al
well as myself. Many OF them are re-
corded for the first time.
Other authorities ON "will" and
"shall":
Rule: "'Shall,' in an Affirmative
sentence in the first person and will
in the second and third person mere
~ announce future action"
Example: Il shall 60 to town to.
morrow" II shall wait for bette,
weather" I'VE shall be glad to zee you
Il shall soon be 20" You will b<
pleased" HE will go with u.s."
Rule: "Shall in an Affirmative sen
tence, in the second and third person.
announces the speakers intention to
control"
Example: you shall hear me out, +"
HE shall be my heir, !" They shall go.
whether they want to or not"
Rule: "Will. in the first person, ex.
presses q promise. announces the
speakers intention to control. pro.
claims determination"
Example: Il will q promise toy as,
sist you," Il viii Il am determined to)
have my right" I'VE will 1--WE promise
toy come to you in the morning."
Rule: "Shall. in an interrogative
sentence, in the first and third person,
consults the will or judgment of an.
other; in the second person, it in
Quires concerning the intention or fu.
ture action of another"
Example: "Shall l go with you?'
when shall we see you again?"
when shall I get well?" When shall
we get there?"
Rule: Twill, in an interrogative
sentence. in the second person, asks
concerning the wish. and, in the third
person, concerning the purpose or fu.
ture action of others"
Example: "Will you have an up.
ple?" Twill they be willing to re.
ceive u.s." when will he be here."
Caution: Will cannot be used inter.
negatively in the first person. singular
or plural.
We cannot say "Will I go?" "Will
I be late?" "Win we see you again
soon?"
Onicial courtesy. in order to avoid
the semblance of compulsion, conveys
its commands in the you will" form
instead of the strictly grammatical
you shall" form. It says. for exam
pie, "You will proceed to Key West
where you will ind further instruc
lions awaiting you"
Shall, is rarely, II ever, used for
will; 1t is will that is used for shall.
Expressions like the following ere
common and incorrect:
Where will you be next week?
will be at home.
We will have dinner at six o'clock.
How will you go about It?
When will you begin?
What will you do with &C.
In all ysuch expressions, when II
Is q question of mere future action on
the part of the person speaking or
sDoken to, the auxiliary must be shall
and not will.
"should" and would" follow the
regimen of shall and will.
Would is often used for should
should, rarely for would.
Correct speakers say:
should go to town tomorrow, II
I had horse.
should rot; should wait for bet
ter weather.
We should be glad to see you.
should like to 60 to town. and
would 60 II could.
Iwould assist you IL could.
Ishould have been i'll IL had gone.
would I were home again.
should go fishing to-day II I were
home.
Ishould so like to go to Europe.
should be delighted.
knew that should be Ill.
hoped that should see you.
was afraid that we should have
bad weather.
knew I should dislike the country.
I should not like to do it, and will
not determination unless compelled
to. The VerbaliSt.
How to use shall and will. (From
the New York Times.)
There Is probably no more con.
fusing part Of the English language
than that which regulates the proper
use of shall and will. The reply of
James Russell Lowell Ito the woman
who wrote, saying: I would be very
much Obliged for your autograph')
has been often in print, and has un-
doubtedly been clipped for scrap and
pocket book reference by many per.
sons.
1.-THE poet essayist granted her re.
quest in the following fashion: Pray