The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-08-13

Hungary, Mecklsnburg .snd ecandinavia'
The Swiss, South and Middle German
sflnds" yield In importance 70 those OF
North Germany. Especially rich are the
littoral districts OF this latter region, and
from them the use Of bronze seems TO have
spread Itself northward through the
Scandinavian countries. In SoandnAvia
the age OF bronze continued until the second
century of our era, but In north Germany
traffic In iron articles probably began
as early as the fourth century b. @. On
the other hand, finds attributed to about
500 b. G. bear witness TO the existence In
csntrsl and southern Germany at that
time Of an advanced iron culture exhibiting
remarkably skilful workmanship, perhaps
executed In shops or factories. At Stra-
donic In Bohemia . Workshop was found
containing many unfinished pieces. Ere
quently, no doubt, objects are discovered
betraylng strong foreign inhuences and
suggesting active commercial intercourse.
Taken all In all. howevsr, the iron culture
Of central and southern Germany had
become by tho middle Of tho first millennium
B. G. native and independent. Thus We
sec that. contrary to tho opinion long our
rent, tho Germans were oonAderably sd-
vanced in civilization long before The
Romans under Marius were called upon to
confront tho Cimbrian and Teutonio In
vader.
Now let 10 mark The extent to which
BY tho end OF tho fourth, century Of our
ora tho Germans a homet - we'll - those
included within tho frontiers Of the empire'
had absorbed Roman civilization. Az this
epoch lberiAnsi Gauls and Britons had
done their utmost to fdanstaunaliDe them
selves and become Romans. Their inter-
mixture with ne Romans had SIREN gfhened
the latter. while u had civilized themselves.
A. oven their ugor. however. was no longer
sufficient, now blood. especially Germani
had to be infused into tho torpid veins OF
the imperial psopls. Even ct the. opening
Of the fourth century the Germans within
the empire already numbered millions.
Ever since tho oveetAsow Of th4 Camhri
and Teutons uot B. o. every s,Sooessful
war had planted new handA within TIE
ltnits Of the Ronasn State. u was n. this
way that Marcus Aurelan repIsnished The
depopulated border provinces. Tho D
lyr1an C@sars and Ehe Constankai-eope-
cially Probus and Coostantius Chlorls-
continued the process. % that q historian
was able to say that the Roman provinces
were full Of barbarian slaves and peasants
and that there was not district which
had not seen with pride Goth tn
bondage. At first tho Romans had thought
little Of shedding the blood Of prisoners,
but with time they became moro frugal.
Il was costly material, which could b
spent TO much better purpose In the servios
Of Roma. Besides this compulsory intro
duotion Of Germans there was voluntary
and peaceful immigration. sometimes Of
individuals, sometimes Of whole tribes
driven forth by want or by hostile neigh
bors.
Tho diverse circumstances b which they
arrived determined the varying conditions
Of their reception. Many were glad Of
shelter on any tArma- othsrs felt them
selves strong enough to impose conditions
and to demand an equivalent for their
services. Many came - permanent set
tlers; many othes only 10 gain money
BY serving in the army and then to return
home. The rsorganixatioo Of the army by
Constantine was Of high import to the
German imnMgrants- BY Il tho position Of
tho German soldiers, and especially Of the
German on3ners, 10 the servioe Of the en-
pire was improved. While owl odioes fell
moro and moro into The handA at the urban
aristoracy. The army became sver moro
pernsated With Germans. Volunteer and
drafted German recruits vere sometimes
Incorporated IN The bgtnns, sornetinase
formed into separate corps- In the begin
ming Of The 9TH century . German oohort
lay IN garrison even IN Egypt. In tho
fourth century two German Guxliary ad-
msnts bad .zised Julian BE- the purple.
Their cry was signincans: up. soldiauA,
foreign and nAtive, do not dssrt tho En-
psror!' Tho mpaIurs pretsrTed to antrlEt
their psrsons and thar most conAdsntil
orders to the fairhared fouignsra. Tha0
constituted the imperial hodyguard, and
from their ranks msn WIN afhan 0lectsd
to b officers at tho Linz. rhs later W
CONE down the mos nguiGriy do We dm
commanders of The HASuHds heMing
German names. Ths hriMknt sq1ipmsnt
and nodding plumes da1ziad tho syea of
the son II the forest, and formed to bis
mind the mort attractive If al gEhs..
Their capacity md skill sveutuaIly mads
than privileged members a socisty: under
the Constamn mrriaUB between Germans
and tho best families 4 the empire VIM
common. It wa, sEys AmmianW, Ill
naturally, - Il tho state rested On thsir
shoulders alone. With mingled fssIinw Of
envy and aversi1z, u oou1smpt uni UIini-
ration, Romans and provincials gazsd At
the stalwart. robust nSuWed IRON con-
stitutions-ehat stalled over The border.
soantily clad In eoazse hnen- and redoIent
Of garlic and rancid butter; and who yet In
. wonderfully short time learnsd how to
anoint themselves with oil snd to intrigue
a vol q the native Romans, and often
even better. Rome tremhled before these
barbsrians, but could not dispense with
them; vhile to than she Wa IN enchanted
palace Of delights which ever drcw than
to kseR.
Even now We know relatively little Of
The life Of the Germans who remained in