The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-01-14


 tive in their results. In this way. we 1 may study the rise and fall of Egypt. Chaldea. Assyria. Babylonia. Persia pire of Charlemagne. and the various dynasties of modern times: There fore if we find in our day and genera U m SSr owq Ua tSe an n fuences, we may know that we are progressing. On the other hand, if there is a predominence of the de- | ing. In Interpreting the facts of history. we must bring to bear upon them the or 9us1sss of rsaon r eS | ture. industry, science. commerce and art. These may be divided into three great classes-the physical, the intel, environment. such as altitude, latitude. climate, natural resources, etc, plays a primary and Fundamental part in to by the influence of those upon com mercial character and the distribution of peoples throughout the earth into nations. communities, etc.
 That these physical conditions also primarily determine the industrial and economical interests of people is also , true and that growing. out of these facts. the political principles and poli- rnent also grow; hence 1t is the im- portance of the natural and physical sciences as guides in the interpreta- tion of the facts of history. The in- tellect is the presiding genius o7er alis Primarily. there is a great difference | in the inherent power of men among different races and individuals. Wheth- | CT this was always so or whether it | Is the result of the operation of causes which, through the instrumentality of heredity. have produced greater po-, The degree of cultivation of the
 mind by education determines the ac- quired potentiality of the mind: The
 quired, constitute the grades of intel lect Therefore, in interpreting the facts of history we must bring to
 of the people concerned. The social
 relation embracing: as 1t does, the re-
 lation of men to his fellows in gov
 ernment in religion, in politics and in
 tions must also be considered. These | relations. of course. have always dif-
 fered and differ today in different
 Ssr G5 word n aae m l must understand these relations in de- | tail. For the facts Of all these. we
 must depend upon science and history
 and in properly interpreting them we | must bring to bear the laws of nature.
 of mind and of ethics.
 These various phases cannot be bet
 history and their proper interpreta-
 tion of our own country. These great l facts, briefly enumerated. are it's dis
 ccovery, its exploration. its subjuga-
 their colonization. their confederation.
 their declaration of independence, their
 maintenaEce of that by force of arms.
 the framing of their constitution. the
 their institutions. their economic poli
 oies, subsequent wars, that of 1872, the
 Mexican War the War between the l States and the War with Spain.
 | The American TmmiErant.
 To enumerate these and to give their
 details would constitute the history of
 in the light of the past not only g.
 knowledge of these detailed facts Is
 necessary but their interpretation in
 the light of physical mental and ethi- | tential factor or grade of the imrni- grant--whether these were the "sift-
 cd grain, of God as announced by Mir. stoughton. or of natural selection. as
 maintained by MT. Ora wan, it matters
 not. Certain 1t is that they were men
 who had great inherent power and ex-
 pressed "a that first by refusing to con l thus demonstrating q cumulative char | acter, and, second. by emigrating to a new and strange land. thus demon Hence. we. may conclude that the
 American immigrant was a unit of l great force and characteristic he a physica ments relGioGys any more so
 that in thTisHomical this we ali fgaSaa ffgaSa c6RAa csRA
 ditions played an important part. ip
 the subjugation of the savage, in the | establishment of homes and in the
 maintenance of his life and species, un- | causes operated to create in him an
 indomitable spirit of independence in
 matters of religion. government and
 tions we find an interpretation of the great fact of history, which demon l strates his courage. patriotism and 1 love of independence.
 By studying his institutions and the
 facts of his colonial government, we
 find an explanation of the inherent
 principle of State sovereignty. As an
 illustration of the evolution of opinion | on institutions. let us take for example | African slavery. It was introduced in
 this country in 1619, At that time 1t
 the civilized world. There was no
 sentiment against 1t. It became an
 institution of all the colonies, which
 were engaged either in the slave trade
 Slaves. It found ledgment in the he
 Constitution of the United States and was part of the laws of the land. By
 the time of the Declaration of Inde- pedence. however, eight-ninth of them were south of the Potomac River. By l 1908, the importation of salves was 1 prohibited by law. By 1920 one-half | of the States of the Union had pro- I
 against the other half in the establish
 ment of that institution in the common l territory of the country. By 1860. the | sentiment of emancipation had become | so strong as to constitute the real prin- ciple upon which a President was | elected. By April, 1865, slavery had been abolished in all the States and a l few years later the slaves were made
 citizens and the States prohibited from
 disfranchising them because of race, color or previous condition of servi- tude.
 Interpretation of Facts.
 | These mere facts of history. without being interpreted by natural, intel
 Iectual, economic and social conditions,
 mean nothing, but when they are in- | terpreted by these we find the true ex- planation of this evolution of senti-
 ment. In their distribution, 1t was due | to natural law, the slave not being suited for service in certain sections of the country and these sections were not suited for procreation and growth, | while other sections of the country
 were suited for his service and main tenance.
 Growing out of this natural selection | and adaptation of the individual slave l to his environment, new ideas and sen
 and ethics of the institution of slavery.
 In one section of the country these sen timents were inhibited by the practical institution of slavery. in another sec- l tfon of the country, there was no such | inhibition. Nature therefore played no part in the moral sentiment of the latter community: hence. intellectual and ethical ideas alone operated. l We may therefore interpret as a