davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18
The Pepner Fad.

A sort of pepper fad prevails in cook
cry ut present; therefore don't forget
this useful plant in planting the gar
den this spring. In addition to their
value in the cuisine peppers are desir-
able in the home garden from an aes-
thetic point of view. With their thrift
ty habit of growth and glossy polished
green and bright red or rich golden
yellow fruits the plants can be made
quite a handsome decorative feature.
From the latter part of March on
through April seed Is sown In the hot
bed or In shallow boxes In the house
for May planting. The large bright
red bell pepper is of such mild flavor
that it is eaten as a vegetable. though
1t is largely used in picking. Sweet
Salad is new pepper which, 1t is
said, may be eaten like an apple or
fried like meat.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18

Where cream is raised by the old
fashioned deep setting system prac-
ticed among many farmers 1t should
be churned at temperature of GO to 62
degrees in winter and 5S to 90 IN sum-
mer If the separator Is used. this tenn
perature can be reduced materially, ac-
cording to Mr.. Gurler, the Illinois dairy
expert, who finds that 55 degrees or be-
low is satisfactory.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18
THE NEW NITRO CULTURE.

Remarkable Effects of Inoc1lation
Upon Garden Peas.
The short vine fourteen inches high
was cut from the row OF vines not
treated with the culture. 1t was the
best vine among those untreated.
The tall vine (three feet high was cut
from a row that was treated with the
culture Of nitrogen gathering germs.
This sample fairly represents the
growth of all the rows thus treated.
The rows were four feet apart. and
the distance between the two plants
was about seven feet. IL you recall
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18
SEED CORN.
Every Grower Should Know what
Goes Into Planter Boxes.

In test of corn for seed made at
the Illinois experiment station last sea-
son eighteen lots Of corn came from
progressive farmers, and nineteen
came from the most trustworthy corn
specialists to be found. From data OBJ
IL fair TO assume that the seed corn
planted in Illinois during the spring Of
1904 might have been at least S.S1 per
cent better than it was, and, although
it does not follow absolutely, Ii Is not
tlr from correct TO reason that the
crop Is S.S1 per cent lighter than 1t
might have been had the best seed at
tainable been used. This is conserva-
tive estimate, considering that the orig
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18

Prevailing prices for clover seed at
various market centers this season are
relatively high. Dealers throughout
northern and eastern states say the out
look is for healthy demand for clover
seed this spring in spite of the fact
that prices are high Toledo quotations
for No. red are about $3.50 per BUSH
Ell; alsike, S6.25 to S6.s0.-American Ag-
rlculturist
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18
sheep Manure.

Sheep manure contains q small
amount of water and is weight for
weight the richest manure produced by
any Of the common farm animals. 1t
Is what is called a hot manure, fer
menting rapidly with the development
OF heat. Like horse manure, 1t ls espe-
cially likely to lose ammonia.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18
Grouinr Horseradi.h.

If you wish to increase your horse
radish plantation cut or small lateral
roots from the main roots, cut thSssaa'
Into four inch pieces and plant. Be
quite sure to place them in the ground
right end up or horizontally. For this
reason it is well to make a slanting
cut at the base and a square cut at
the top when preparing the cuttings.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18
A Satisfactory Crop.

Beets ere very nice crop in the
amateur or home garden. The young
plants endure light frost; therefore
seed may be sown early. Those that
are removed in thinning make delight
full greens. Sow the seed thinly In
drills, cover with mellow soil and thin
the growing plants to six or eight
inches In the drill
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18
POPULAR GARD ENING

Sow seed for an early crop Of spinach.
Clean, fresh manure is necessary for
the hotbed and should be tramped
hard.
Fork in dressing of well rotted ma
nure around the old artichoke plants
Sow early carrots, like the Early
Forcing, as soon as the ground can be
worked. Carrot seed terminates slow
ly.
Dig the parsnip roots that were Win
lered In the ground early In spring be-
fore they grow and become pithy.
To secure satisfactory growth Of
all trees, shrubs, flowers and grass In
the garden the soil must be rich and
deeply worked. That attempts at gar
dening may prove failures from other
causes Is possible, but lack OF attention
to these points is the most common
reason why many places never look
well, all the trees and plants having
an unthrifty. half starved appearance.
Just before growth begins in the
spring the surplus rough litter around
roses should be removed and all the re-
luul4AuE ulC pal lASiCo AOAhOa Al. 21~~P
cultivation is not desirable, as the roots
are likely to be injured or broken.
Three or four inches in depth Is quite
sufficient to dig bed that has not been
tramped upon, and this Is best done
with q four tined digging fork, which
is less apt to injure the roots than a
spade. The beds should then be neat
ly edged and the surface raked of
evenly.
Arlxansas' Big Debt.
A mighty small proportion OF the peo-
pie of the United States know that
the state of Arkansas owes the famous
Smithsonian institution, in Washing
ton, nearly S2,000,000 which it has not
the faintest intention of paying. In
1888, the first year of the reign Of the
late Queen Victoria, the United States
received ON account of the Smithson
bequest, the details of which are too
well known to require repetition, u
sum aggregating 100000. A good pro-
portion of this was by act Of congress
invested in bonds of the state of Ar
kansas Not cent of the principal or
interest of this ever has been paid.
The bonds now are moldering in the
vaults of the United States treasury in
Washington, with coupons untouched
by the scissors. And there they prob
ably will remain for all time. The fed
eral government was forced to make
good Arkansas delinquency and appro-
pirate money for the Inauguration and
maintenance of the institution which
is now famous all over the country
Brooklyn Eagle.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18

her tealer.y. "goodby. or better as we
say in France. an revoir.' Tell mine
aunt that thou hast been sunbeam In
my house to tighten the gloom of the
bng storm and that part with thee
most unwillingly"
God be with thee. Margaret" Hetty
answered soberly, turning toward home
with evident reluctance.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1905-05-18

"~IX days OF constant rain, my
- Hetty!"
~ Margaret Maryland, half sit
ting, half reclining on lounge
New-York tribune., 1905-06-25
SETTLED By SAKE.

1t is a great pity that Rufus King James
Kent, Charles O'Conor. Samuel J. Tilden. Jo-
seph H Choate Elihu Root and the other
worthless who sat in the constitutional conven-
tions of 1921, 1876. 1869 and 1894 did not have
prophetic knowledge of the genius and states
manshp of Martin SAKE. If they had known
about Sake and his opinions they certainly
would never have put into the constitution or
left in the constitution a provision for the re-
! moval Of unfit judges by the legislature. SAKE
/ is a State Senator who thinks the constitu-
ton as made by these eminent lawyers is un-
constitutional. He opposes legislative action In
the Hooker case because 1.-The legislature has no
right to take any such action. 1t would be en-
"croaching on the rights Of a coordinate branch
''of the State government
But, wise SAKE. what determines the rights
of the coordinate branches of the government
Do you dope" out those rights by Dreams or
the study of the stars. or by submitting your
statesmanlike palms to a seventh daughter Of
a seventh daughter? Or do you look In the
constitution of the State Of New-York for the
definition Of the powers Of government Per
hapS if the Constitutional Convention Of 1921
had listened to your wisdom it would have
| turned from King and Kent and adopted your
idea that the judiciary should decide on the quail
| itcations of its own membership. That notion,
however never entered the delegates heads.
Parliament by State legislatures and by the
United States Senate, and Sake was not in evt-
dence to tell them it was all wrong. II SAKE
had been around in 1916, Charles O'Conor might
not so unblushngly have argued against limit
ing the cause of removal to offences committed
subsequent to election, and maintained the need
of some check on immortality and general unfit
ness. If SAKE could have been about earlier
and led the State In the formative period our
| institutions would not have been bungled by
the Chancellor Kents and the Charles OConors.
II the people had not made mistake and sent
EIihu Root instead Of Sake to the convention
OF 1894, the constitution might at last have been
made constitutional!
1t is too bad that SAKE was not born q hun
dred years earlier. The good he would have
done by teaching Kent constitutional law and
| Rufus King the theory OF government would
| have compensated for the lack Of him in the
course of nature at this later day. Their loss
| would have been our gain
New-York tribune., 1905-06-25
LABOR MONOPOLY.

p-osfdon+ Eliot seems TO have more influence
nth tho Massachusetts Supreme Court than Mr.
Samuel Gompers. 1t will be remembered tnat
these men recently debated the question OIL lhe
closed shop before the Civic bederauon OF
ra+ber that President Eliot talked on the subject
of liberty and its relations to trade unlonlsm'
end that Mr.. Gompers talked about the glories
of orqanized Iabor-for he never really grapped
with President Eliots point Now the Massa-
cbusetts Supreme Court has handed down de-
cision that an attempt to force all laborers TO
combine in unions is against public pohcy' DE-
cause it aims at monopoly OF the LABOR nlarheI
This is an issue that the more conservative
and thoughtful believers in the closed shop dis
like TO face squarely. They will tell you thae
they hope to have all workers In the union Ior
their own sake When all are working together
In harmony in their ideal society there Will De
no discrimination and no boycottns Of "scabs."
They do not mean to be exclusive. They open
the union door on fair terms to all journeymen,
and 1t is the outsiders own fault II he does not
enjoy the industrial opportunities of the union
ist But put the question badly: do you DENY
| .the equal right with the unionist Of the man
| "who, however mistakenly, prefers to go aloneT"
and most organized labor representatives eVade
the issue. But 1t is an issue that cannot long De
eyaded It lies at the heart Of American nDerty
What the workers for the closed shop really
are seeking Is q iHDOE IuUuOpoiy eAAopo ihos ID
all right If we are going TO lay aside the Ideals
of Individual freedom inherited from the fathers
and adjust ourselves to a new order OF society
where every function will be in the hands Of
monopoly-where shall have a labor trust
and a capital trust. both subdivided into bu-
reaus or smaller trusts If that is to be the
ideal. let the labor men give up their campaigns
against the other trusts and instead welcome
them as advance agents Of the desired eYolu-
ton If on the other hand. we wish to preserve
individual freedom, let US go on to force the
great industrial combinations to respect the law
and give their small rivals a fair chance. Then,
on the other hand, let insist that labor unions
while presenting as strongly as they may the
advantages of association, shall respect the
right of every man to make his own contracts
If he chooses and earn his living in his own way.
New-York tribune., 1905-06-25
THE GROWTH OF WAR.

General Nasaoks, Of the Japanese Headquar-
GERS Staff at Toxic contributes TO military dis
cussion some interesting statistics of the growth
OF armies and Of the duration of battles which
may cause revision of some theories concerning
modern and future warfare. There has been for
century, he says, pretty steady increase In
the size Of armies. In the Franco-Austrian war
OF 1903 both sides numbered only 23S,00o men,
and in the campaign Of 1872 only 25O,O0O. In
1866 the Prussian and Austrian armies together
numbered 100000 men. But what of this WARP
at Liao-Iang, according to this authority, 460,-
600 men were engaged; at the Sha-Ho, $50 900,
and at Moukden, $4,000. These figures are
not altogether convincing. however, for they
indicate not the growth Of the total number en-
gagged In war so much as the tendency to mass
all nations forces into one huge army. Thirty
years ago this country did not have any one
army SIS large Oyama's at Moukden, but in
all it's several armies 1T had more men under
arms at one time than there are in the present
war.
Another point made-or at least suggested-by
General Nagaoka is that battles now last longer
than formerly. That is contrary to the common
theory that the increased deadliness of arms
viii mako battles short, sharp and decisive.
He shows that the battle OF Wsgrsm lasted four
teen hours, and that Of Borodino twelve and one
half hours The battle OF the nations" at
Leipsic LASTED three days. and SO did Gettys-
burg. But LaoYzng lasted for eight days.
Eh2-Ho dve days md Aoukden fourteen days
10 this we might add also that the naval bat
tie OF Che 81 q Japan lasted much longer than
that Of fhe Nile or Trafalgar. This circum-
stAnce, which seems, On the whole, better estab-
Ished than the other, is probably to be ex-
planned by the greater distances at which bat
ties are now fought Shooting at enemies a
mile or two away, with teescopic sights on
guns, u very different from waiting until you
New-York tribune., 1905-06-25

could see the whites Of their eyes. .n .ie
Japan Sea the Japanese ships dio enecu'e
firing at Eve miles range. At ITaIalsar lno
distance was sometimes only five yaras' As
weapons become more deadly the olstahce a'
WHICH they are used becomes greater, and the
net result is therefore not greatly changed
The growth of war is, then, an all rouho
growth-in defence as well as in offence. Arlnies
increase in size and weapons in deaoI1ness' pul
the means of avoiding the lethal hre are corre-
spondingy increased along win .ne iacn,ues ,ln %
CO.. SAVING tbe lives and restoring the health OF
the wounded 1t is the old contest OF arms
against armor ever again. The resources OF
ciyil,zation" are indeed employed In warfare,
hut some of them practically neutralze the
others On the whole there Is probably a net
gain for humanity. We do not suppose ne
sIoucbter of Cannae will ever be repeated, or
the sack of Magdeburg. War will remain war,
hut if will also remain manifestation OF hu-
man nature and subject to its control
New-York tribune., 1905-06-25
NOTES FROM TUXEDO PARK
IBY TELEGRAPH 10 THE rRrzrrsr

IBT TELEGRAPH TO THE TRrsUSz1
tuxedo Park n. Y. June A.-Threatenins wealth
er to-day did not interfere with the social srsir,
scheduled for the week end at Tuxedo and man
came out to-day to spend Sunday. The clubhouse
is full and nearly every cottage has It's quota ~
guests
Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Mortimer who passed tbs
spring and early summer abroad. arrived to-day
and opened their largo cottage for the summer
They will entertain a large number OF guests thi,
summer
Mr.. and Mrs. Jules J. VatabIe arrived yesterday
and opened their villa on Weewah Lake for the
season. and Mr.. and Mrs Rowland Pell have ar
rived at the Gallatn cottage. On Tower Hill
H Casimir De Rharn. who has leased his TUX
edo villa and gons to Newport for ths summer
arrived to-day to pass Sunday at the club.
Among those who are giving dinners tonight
Mr.. and Mrs Fred r Halsey, Mr.. and Mrs. R
Fulton Cutting Mr.. and Mrs. P. Lorard. MIR. and
Mrs, H o. Havemeyer 1r.. Mr.. and Mrs Edward
J. Hancy, Mr.. and MIRA Montgomery Hare. Mr.
and Mrs. H. H Rogers jr- Mr.. and MIA Edison
Bradley and Mr.. and Mrs Harris Fahnestock-
At the club dinners were given by MIR. and Mrs
Charles B. Van Nostrand, Mr.. and Mrs Aonz1
Potter. Mr. and Mrs. willard s. Brown. Mr.. and
Mrs. Henry P Rogers Mr.. and Mrs. Georgs ".
Forsythe and Mr.. and Mrs John H Preutics.
Mr.. and Mrs George W. Forsythe. who next
week go to Bar Harbor for the summer. enter
tanned Lieutenant Colonel N. B; Barnardiston Of
dinner tonight Several OF the Tuxedo colonists
were present
Miss Natica Rives has been tho guest oc Mr.. and
Mrs, John Hill Prentice who are staying At tha
Winter Club. -,
Mr. and Mrs Amos T. French and Mss French
who have been in their Tuxedo villa since ApI1l;
have gone TO Newport for the season, and nr and
Mrs w H n. Voss will close their Tuxedo VIA
and pass the summer at Bar HarOor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles B Alexander sno @ tne
a few weeks ago. went abroad on Ihursoay 70
mass the season on the Continent and MI end MIS-
Gorgan Cfhbs Barnwe1 who have leased their coz
tage to Mrs. Charles Tilford sailed today 70 0e
TGr
NJ and Mrs Forsythe Wickes, who have leased
the Greenough villa on Tuxedo & Laks, wi VII NJ r.
abroad on Wednesday for several weeks, ann u ~
and Mrs william Pierson Hamilton WILL sail Inc
Sn1In Reek
New-York tribune., 1905-06-25
The CABINET.
rFRoM THE TRIBUNE BUREAU.l


Washington, June A-There will be a general
exodus of Official society during the coming week.
concident with the departure Of the President for
Oyster Bay.
Secretary Hay has already gone to his summer
home, on Sunapee Lake, New-Han1pshire, and
Francis B. Ioomis, Assistant Secretary OF State,
sailed to-day for Europe He will return in Au-
gust, will later spend two weeks in the forests
of Maine-
bicycle trip In Southern France
Secretary Taft goes to New-England on Monday
to address the students OF Yale University, and
will return to this city only IN time to leave here
on June 80, for his visit to the Philippines.
Attorney General Moody will leave here soon. to
spend the summer at his home, in Haverhill. Mass.
The Secretary Of Commerce and Labor and Mrs.
MetcaIf will leave Washington about July O. to
spend several months at Oakland, Cal
The Secretary OF the Interior expects to go to
his summer home before long.
Secretary Wilson has not completed his plans for
the summer, but expects to make extended
trip through the West Miss Wilson is still IN
Europe.
Mrs Leslie M Shaw and the Misses Shaw, wife
and daughters Of the Secretary of the Treasury,
will leave Washington Monday night for Cam
den Me-, to remain during the summer months.
Postmaster General Cortelyou and Mrs Cortelyou
have not made their summer plans, but will re-
main in Washington for time
Herbert II. D. Peirce. Acting Secretary Of
State, will probably remain in Washington until
late In August
New-York tribune., 1905-06-25
RADIUM AND LIFE.

Professor Burkes experiments with radium at
Cambridge, England, mentioned In recent cable
dispatches, should be treated with respect. The
ancient notion that life could be spontaneously
evolved from dead matter was upset about two
and half centuries ago by Redi. Italian
naturalist whose results seemed conclusive to
scientist Of Huxley's penetration. OF late, how
ever, faith In that possibility has occasionally
been expressed by reputable physiological chem
lists; and, though nobody has been able to demon
strate the correctness Of the belief it and
then inspires researches having that object in
view If q new venture Of the kind is made
by a man Of any scientific standing, therefore.
1t deserves consideration on Its own merits.
There are certain accepted standards by which
such attempts should be judged, just as are
alleged discoveries about Mars. The inherent
improbabiIity Of an achievement should not
stand in the way of patient and unprejudiced
hearing Professor Burke is entitled to that at
any rate.
Now. who is this young man and what has
he done? He was born in Ireland and educated
at Dublin, but engaged in q little work at Cam
bridge which was recognized by the university
there with a degree three years ago. 1t is not
altogether clear whether he fills chair in that
institution at present or whether he is rightly
styled Professor" Burke; but for the present
the point may be ignored. He has reputation
as q popular lecturer, especially on the traits
of radium and this is enough to fix his status.
Cambridge. 1t may be added, is the home of J. J.
Thomson, a physicist who is largely response
BILE for the new theory of the constitution of
atom Mr. Strut, son Of Lord Rayleigh, is
other well known Investigator there. 1t does
not appear that either Of them is in any way re-
sponsbIe for the methods conclusions Of Pro
fessor Burke; but it is easy to understand the
effect of such an environment upon the mind
of the young Irishman-
What he did may be briefly described He
subjected to the influence Of radium mixture
of gelatine and beef tea, compound which
promotes the multiplication OF bacteria because
1t furnishes them with the nutriment they pre-
fer This is technically known as culture
medium" If it be infected with any known
disease germ-say that Of diphther1a-and SUBJ
tected to the continued influence Of tempera-
ture corresponding to that Of the human body,
swarms of bacteria will be found IN about
day. Professor Burke put a quantity OF this
material In test tube Of glass, after sterilizing
both the receptacle and the contents, then Inn
mersed In the paste much smaller tube In
which there radium, sealed the larger one
to exclude atmospheric microbes, and let the
thing stand. Eventually he says, he found
some microscopic objects in the mixture which
were harder than the rest Of the material and
nearly spherical He did not believe that they
were crystals, and was inclined to think that
New-York tribune., 1905-06-25
AT THE WHITE HOUSE
ryaox THE TRIBUNE BuREu-1


wsshfn~+on run. A-Preafdent Roosevelt re-
ceived a. call this afternoon from Count Cassln'
the Russian Ambassador. who came 70 INFORM M.
Of his prospective departure. VIII san On -, -
H." said Count Csssini after his call upon .iie
President. 'T regret that am not 10 return A..'i
nv SUMMER vacation There is nothing new In 'ne
war situation, as the p1enipotentiaries nave hoe
been selected. and nothing new Is likely 10 happen
until they announced
Mrs Roosevelt and her eldest son. lheoooIe' Ji-'
have gone to Norfolk, Va, to remain until M"h-
day
Representative Bede. of Minnesota. introduced
Cuv A Eaton commander of the Minnesota Naval
Militia eve are going to take the Fern, which mas
been given us by the government to Duluth oy
wafer" said Mr. Bede "Of course. the govern
ment was quite generous to let US have the little
vessel for training ship for the militia, out
think she might have been put In repair ana taken
there without putting to a whole lot OF expense
1t has cost us more than S.GOo to repair the tern
and It will cost fully GOO to get her to Duluth oy
the way of the Hudson Canal and the Great
Lakes Mr.. Bede says they will have lots OF tar
get practice If the government will furnish the
ammunition and coal. Minnesota will provide the
matches and the men.
State Senator W. S. Pearson. of North Carolina
was introduced to the President by Representative
Blackburn. Mr.. Pearson is looking for con-
sulate.
Among the other callers at tho White House dur
Ing the day were Secretaries Taft and Metcalf. W.
L. Penfeld, solicitor Of tbs State Department, and
a number of tourist visitors. who cams for the
Presidential handshake.