davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18

TARY OF AGRICULTURE.
which an Assistant Secretary for a big
department usually undergoes. He fits
his environment well wherever he hap
pens to be. Instructing his classes in
the field at the University of Mime
sofa, located just between the Twin
Cities, you would have suspected that
Professor Hays seldom visited st. Paul
or Minneapolis; on the other hand,
when you see him walking along the
streets in Washington you would
scarcely expect him to be able to drop
straight furrow. But in coming city
ward and wearing a crease in his
trousers he has not lost his straight
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18

gratifying results. The average wheat
yield of the Northwestern States
Minnesota and the Dakotas-ranges, as
l remember, from thirteen to fifteen
bushels to the acre, which is about the
average for the entire United States.
Increase this say one-fourth by simply
using this new seed, as in the case of
| thousands of acres in the State of Min
nesota, and figure out the gain to the
country. And this is only from re-
tsults already obtained in seed improve
ment.
To Double the Wheat Yield.
The wheat breeding work is going
on steadily, and Professor Hays says
that he has probably not yet reached
the halfway point in increased yield.
In the work of simple wheat breeding
by selection each grain is planted and
cultivated separately, thousand of
them in rows, each one like tree, and
then the best ten heads are selected
from those thousand plants, and the
plumpest grains again selected from
those ten heads. Then you are ready
| for the planting of next year. And so
on for ten years. In hybridization
there are many more pains taken
Here the best specimens of two differ
ent varieties are crossed upon each
other by hand poilination and the COM
pick system Of selection simultaneously
carried on year by year. But the labor
! is more than justified by the results.
Other experiments have been success
fully carried along under Professor
Hays with the idea of changing the
constituents of the crops-putting more
protein or muscle-producing elements
in the grain and forage crops just as
the beet grower works to put more
sugar into his beets.
Practical Farm Teaching.
All this work is technical; it might
be the doings of the recluse. The
other side of Professor Hays makeup
stands forth when he gets out on a
| swing round the circle and breaches
| what he knows; when he distributes
literature and delivers lectures to the
| farmers in halls or from the rear plat
forms of trains-a practical educator.
More agriculture in our national sys
tenn Of education is his slogan, practi-
cal farm education that will enable a
man to farm better and make more
money at it. He urges the consolida-
ton of the small rural schools-bring
ing four or five of them into one good
sized school where more competent
teachers can be hired and much
broader education afforded. The in
teresting thing about his boys at the
University of Minnesota was that they
were there to study plants and ami
mails and then go back to the farm.
They were at college, to be sure, but
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18
UNEXPLODED PROJECTILES.
Danger Turks Therein Chinese
Inquisitiveness Proves Fatal.

The dispatch coming from the Fa1
East of the killing of nearly a Dozen
people by the explosion of a mine near
Chefoo, brings to light incidents going
to show that the land in the vicinity
of Port Arthur is fertile field of un-
exploded land mines and shells.
When the Russians were Smelling
the japanese positions near the vii
lage of Suishiying many shells fell in
the localities desired by the gun
POINTERS, but the ordnance was of
such a defective quality that they
failed to explode. A good lot of these
projectiles have lain where they fell,
objects of the careful investigation
and inspection of the wondering and
speculative villagers. On one occa-
sion dispute arose as to the danger
in these innocent-looking pieces of
iron, and bold native, to prove his
contention that they were harmless,
as well as his bravery, struck one of
the missiles with a big stone. This
was going little too far, and unfor-
tunately he hit it on the nose, the ten
der spot of projectiles. 1t exploded
with terrible noise, killing ten of the
interested spectators.
Another Chinese discovered a shell
which had found a resting place in
the fresh water lake just behind the
Russian naval dockyard of Port Ar
thur. At that time the lake was one
mass Of ice and the head of the shell
was just sticking up through the
frozen mass. John Chinaman was at
tracted by the shining brass screw at
the top and went out on the ice to try
to get it off. Good metal was worth
having in the land of the Oriental,
and this is what attracted him. He
used an old nail to remove the tempt
ing object. His inquisitiveness was a
dear lesson for his family, although
the pieces were never found.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18
HYBRID1zING WHEAT IN THE FIELD.

they were taking sort of high school
agricultural course, many of them for
one or two years, and were not figur-
ing on getting a diploma and then
leaving the farm and striking out for
some city, as is unfortunately the his
tory of so many of the graduates of the
agricultural colleges.
Working through the Boys.
DO your new methods stick with the
boys when they get back on the old
farm?" l asked. "How do the boys
fathers take it?"
"Oh, they think at first when the
boys go home and want to make
changes that we are teaching them q
lot of new-fangled notions. After the
first year perhaps they let the boy take
a try on small scale Then with the
good results shown by the trial they
are more than likely to come around
by the second or third year and there
is apt to be quite shaking I'D of
methods in the work on the old place
You can't expect to make much head
way teaching the older farmers, but
you can get at them through the boys"
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18
FROM POLE TO EQUATOR.
Arctic Explorer Now Penetrating
the Heart of Africa.


Whether in the frigid grip of the
north polar country or the burning
sands of tropical Africa, the Duke of
Abruzzi seems equally at home. This
Italian scientist, who made such high
reputation by his recent arctic explora-
lions, has started for unknown regions
of Central Africa with fully equipped
expedition, proposing to explore the
Ruwenzori Mountains and climb their
highest peaks. This range crosses the
Equator in the vicinity of the Lakes
Nyanza, whence flow the waters of the
Nile. It is some eighty miles long, a
vast pile of blac-. rock hurled upward
in some ancient CONFUSION of Nature.
The English explorer, Stanley, found
EuWenzori twenty years ago. 1t was
pointed out to him as big salt noun
tain. AS the sun assembled, it assumed
shape before his view-a great noun
tain clothed in snow-and it took him
weeks of travel to find out that it be-
longed to a range. Stanley believed
that the Ruwenzori range and the
Mountains of the Moon, which can be
found on old maps, are identical. Ac
cording to the old biographies, the
waters of the Nile rise in the Noun
tainS Of the Moon.
The Duke of Abruzzi has difficult
task before him to conquer the Noun
tains of the Moon, even though their
SUBMITS fall somewhat short of that
orb. A large quantity of supplies must
be carried on the backs of natives, and
though the start will be made in the
most torrid of tropical chimes, the party
will soon ascend into temperate regions
and then trudge for months in truly
polar climate.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18
FARrIER and PLANT BREEDER.
Work of Assistant Secretary WiIIet M. Hays.
GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL.

The country has realized for some
time that it has in its Secretary of
Agriculture a. real farmer; its new
Assistant Secretary is likewise a
farmer, and unless all records and ap-
pearances are false, good one. He
has the valuable faculty of knowing
how to do things, and at the same time
to be able to tell others how. This
Assistant Secretary is Willett NJ Hays.
Professor Hays was Secretary Wilson's
choice for Assistant Secretary, after
Colonel Brigham's death, and it ap-
pears as though Professor Hays ap-
pointment was anything but political
one. There is fine entente cordial
between these two broad-gauge men
and the work of the Department has
taken a distinct forward sweep since
Mr.. Hays appointment. He put his
shoulder to the wheel at once and
seemed able to dispense with the usual
two or three months of breaking in, =
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18

The Department of Agriculture is
just issuing an attractive illustrated
bulletin on school gardens. In his in.
troductory, DR.. Galloway, Chief of the
Bureau of Plant Industry, says, that
as agriculture in its broadcast sense is
the primary basis of wealth in the
United States, it seems essential that
efforts should be made in our general
educational system to bring early to the
mind of the child facts which will he
OF value as emphasizing the Importance
and necessity Of agricultural work.
There is no better way to do this. he
says, than through well-managed and
well conducted system of school garden
training which early awakens interest
in an industry which means much to
the future prosperity of the country.
When the work Of handling Congress
sional free seed distribution was turned
over to the Bureau of Plant Industry
several years ago efforts were made to
arouse interest on the part of members
of Congress with large city constituent
cies, who might be able to encourage
the school garden movement through
the distribution Of specially prepared
seed packages. Since then millions of
packages of seeds have been distributed
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18

in this way in the cities, and the result
has been that much school garden work
has been organized and thousands of
pupils have learned something Of grow
ing plants.
A small tract Of land back Of the De-
partment of Agriculture Building has
been set aside for model school garden
work.
The bulletin in question has illustra-
lions of a number of successful school
gardens in various cities, and has plans
outlined for carrying on such work.
The following interesting paragraph is
quoted from the bulletin on the work at
Hampton Institute, Virginia:
s'When it was announced two wears
ago to the children of the Whittier
school that they were to be taught gar
dening on a two-acre tract the news
was received with mixed feelings
While the little ones were pleased. the
older girls thought it a disgrace to
work in the fields. After two years
there are no pupils in the school who
do not look forward with eagerness fl
this work. If it is necessary to be ali
sent from school, they think it must
not be on gardening day"
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18
Six Per Cent. Dividends.

OF the total capital stock out.
standing, AZ per cent. paid no
dividends. The amount of dividends
declared during the year was
500, 941, 900, or a little over 6 per
cent. on dividend paying stock. The
number of passengers reported as car
ried by the railways in the year was
715,419,000. The number of tons
of freight carried was 1903, S99, 900, an
increase over the previous year of over
five and One-half million tons.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18
Milk In Your Tea.

"The use of plenty of milk with tea
says The Lancet (London), sis a wise
precaution and must be regarded as a
sound physiological proceeding, since
the proteids of milk destroy astrin-
gency and probably prevent the other
wise injurious action of tannin on the
mucous membrane of the stomach. In
the intestinal juice the proteids are
separated and the tannin probably COM
bines with the sodium salts. The i'm
moderate drinking of tea is an I'M
questionable evil, but, on the whole,
we are inclined to think that the evils
of tea-drinking have been exaggerated.
The real difficulty is to convince people
that lightly drawn infusion gives
them their moneys worth"
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18

forward way of taking people at their
word and believing just what they say.
l asked him for a photograph to ac-
company this letter, remarking that I
would like to have one of him as he
looked as l last saw him down on the
farm" Che would be arrested if he went
around Washington looking as he was
them, and he gravely responded that
he had no photograph such as l wanted,
but that he would send me one taken
at later date.
Breeding up Plants.
The work which has made Professor
Hays most famous is his plant-breeding
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18
WHEAT ROOT SYSTEM.

horse and he thus showed that plants
we're capable of the same development
by breeding as are animals.
If you are interested in learning
something about plant breeding you
might write to your Congressman fer
copy of Bulletin 20 of the Department
of Agriculture, or probably Professor
Hays himself has few extra copies.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18

by breeding. And Professor Hays
drew parallel, step by step, between
the improvement of the Wealthy apple,
tracing it's history and improvement
from the tree developed by Peter NJ
Gidden of Minnesota, and Messenger,
an imported English racing horse,
which became the leading progenitor
of the American racing or trotting
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18

experiments. He is the wizard of farm
plant life as Luther Burbank is of hor-
ticulture. He has taken wheat and
bred it up, by selection and hybridiza.
ton covering periods of Eve and ten
years, so that the improved strain
yields probably 25 to 80 per cent.
heavier. He has done the same with
fax and with timothy and with corn
and other farm crops. This has en-
tailed the most painstaking work, con-
tinued year after year, but always with
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18

A seventy-page bulletin which Pro-
fessor Hays wrote for the Department
of Agriculture some four years ago on
the subject of plant breeding brought
his work into great prominence. In it
he outlined numerous possibilities of
increased production of all crops
through plant breeding. Every man
knows that the American trotting
horse has been wonderfully improved
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1905-10-18
GROWTH OF RAILROADS.
INTERSTATE COMMERCE CON-
MISSION PLACES PAR YALUE
At 10 MILLIONS.
More than Three Quarters of Billion
Dollars Paid Out Annually by the
companies in Salaries to Over a
Million Regular Employees.


companies i'm Salaries to Over a
Million Regular Employees.
The annual report of the Interstate
Commerce Commission, giving rail-
road statistics at the end of 1904,
shows the enormous total of 297,073
miles of railroad in the United
States. More recent railroad construc-
ton has brought this figure up to
more than 100000 miles. The num-
Der of railroad corporations included
in the report was 2,104. That the
railroads are prosperous is shown by
the fact that only 1923 miles of road
were in the hands of receivers.
The total number of locomotives in
use was 1918 and of cars, exclusive
of those owned by private companies,
1,79S,000. OF these, $4,000 were in
the passenger service and 1852, 900
engaged in hauling freight. Prac-
T tically all the passenger locomotives
and cars were equipped with air
brakes and automatic couplers, and
the same was true of freight locomo-
tives and large majority of freight
cars.
The number of persons on the pay
rolls of railroads in the United
States was 100000, with annual
wages and salaries amounting to
$S17 1913, 900.
The par value of the amount OF
railway capital was $13, 213, $4,000, or
capitalization of $64,265 per mile.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1905-01-25
A Particularly Sad Case.

The many St. Johnsbury friends OF Carl
M. Spencer and family of Des Noines'
Iowa, are deeply panied to learn OF his
troubles. The circumstances of the case
are so pathetic that all his friends hope
his financial difficulties can be straight
ened out without the intervention oil the
law. The facts in the case are given in a
special despatch to the New York World
of Jan %.
Carl M. Spencer for nine years was
connected with the Des MoineS National
Bank. For FIVE years his record was
stainless. Then his son, two years DID,
received a stroke OF paralysis A dis
tinguished European specialist came to
New York and Spencer took his boy there
for treatment. His salary being INSULT
Gent to MAINTAIN his family and pay the
specialist tor the treatment OF his boy he
began a appropriation OF the banks
funds.
The boy received no relief and for four
years has been the object of his fathers
unceasing solicltude. Finally weakening
to his predicament Spence called the
bank officials together and told them all.
He promised to settle and did his best,
but the bank and Spencer's bondsmen
could not wait and his arrest folio wed.
Tue preachers OF Des Moines today
prayed in their pupits that Spencer
might be able to ADJUST his troubles with
the bank without prosecution and that
the little paralytic son be made well.
Spe1cer's peculation amounts to SO, 400.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1905-01-25
At SummerVllle.

Mrs. Carrie Cross OF Warren, N. N,
has been visiting relatives here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Milo Laid of Waterford
spent Thursday at Warren Powers.
Mrs. Clarissa Metcalt, who has been
visiting her son, G. p. Metcalf, went to
Sutton, Saturday, to visit her sister,
Mrs. Collins French
Kenneth Cross left Saturday for Con.
cord, N H where be is going to enter
the Boston and Maine railroad shops.
Mrs. Sarah Blanchard is sick with ton
sits
Miss May Blossom spent Wednesday
in Burlington, and returned Saturday to
her work at Concord, N. II.
Although Concord Avenue was not in
very good condition Tor sliding, there was
quite large crowd out Friday evening.
Allie Brigham is very sick with pneu-
monia.
Walter Carr is visiting relatives at
Bishops Crossing, P, Q.
Perley Severance is working for W. H.
Carr.
Tommy Droet broke his leg Friday
evening while sliding on Concord Avenue.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1905-01-25
Bankruptcy Notice.
PETITION FOR DISCHARGE.

IlllON fOR
In the matter of
Byron D. Bickfo'd : In Bankruptcy.
Bankrupt.
To the Fl on. Hoyt H. Wheeler, Judge of the
District Court OF the United States Tor the
District of Vermont
Byron D. Bickford of Lyndon, in the Coun.
ty of Caledoni and State of Vermont, In said
District, respectfully represents;
That ON the l4th dav of Dec, last past,
he was duly adjudged bankrupt under
the Acts of Congress relating to bankruptcy ;
that he has duly surrendered all his property,
and rights of property, and has fully com
piled with all the requirements of said Acts
and OF the orders Of the Court touching
his bankruptcy;
Wherefore he prays thathe may be decreed
by the court to have a full discharge from all
debts provable against his estate under said
Bankrupt Acts except such debts as are ex-
cepted by law from such discharge.
Dated this 9Th day of Jan, A. ID. 1905.
Byron D. Bckford. Bankrupt.
ORDER OF NOTICE THEREON.
United States District Court for the District
of Vermont.
In re Byron D. Bickford, Bankrupt, Dis
charge.
Notice is hereby given that Byron D. Bick.
ford Bankrupt, has filed his petition, dat
ed January 9th, 1905, praying for dis.
charge from all his debts in bankruptcy, and
that all creditors and other persons Directing
to such discharge may appear before me at
my Office in st. Johnsbury aforesaid. on the
list day of February. A D. 1905 at 9
O'Clock a. M, and then and there present their
objections if any. to such discharge, with
their proofs thereon.
MARSHALL MONTGOMERY,
Referee in Bankruptcy.
Dated at St. Johnsbury, Vt, this goth day
of January, 1905.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1905-01-25

For SALE-Drug store. A. 1 location
doing good business. Good
reasons for selling. For further particu-
lars addr Sc P, this office.
You CAN BUY. packages of odd sized
pieces OF photo m u at The GALE
DOMAIN office for Is cents. There is
very limited amount.
For SALE. 300 cords mixed, dry
4 foot wood at SIS rs per cord delivered.
Address bv postal, Chase Brothers.
Passumpsic, VT.
For IMMEDIATE SALE. Hou e, with
tour tenements, No 3 Prospect street.
Inquire OF Frank 5. Sreeter, Concord, N,
H.
Work WANTED on farm by young man
of experience Can give good references.
Inquire IA St. John street.
TENEMENT TO RENT. Inquire OF Horace
Jackson.
ROLL TOP DESK wanted in exchange tor
hay or wood. BUNDY WEEKS
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1905-01-25
A Pleasant Gathering.

Shortly after noon Monday about a
dozen members Of the Passumpsic Valley
Ministerial Association gathered at the
Methodist parsonage, St. Johnsbury
Center, the guests OF Rev. George c.
McDougall,in their regular semi-monthly
meeting. The meeting was called to
order, Rev. George W. Mead, Episcopal
rector at Lyndonville and president OF
the association, in the chair. After
disposing of some preliminary business
the company gathered around the table,
where oyster stew, hot coffee, box lunch,
etc., were much in evidence. The CONVEX
sation at luncheon was much the same
as characterizes all slch ministerial
gatherings, Rev. G. W. Mead leading in
his usual happy strain. After refresh
ments the gentlemen retired to the
adjoining room, where Rev. W. {. Clark
Of Lyndon read a paper on Church
Comfy, Federation and Ulity." The
essayist handled his subject in mas
terly way and dealt with the very
fundamentals of the question. The
paper was much enjoyed by all present.
The association moved a vote of thanks
to their host and hostess, Rev. and Mrs.
McDougall and proceeded to election of
officers tor ensuing quarter the result of
which was as follows:
Pres, Rev. f. Newell.
LIST Vice. pres, Rev. G. c. McDougall.
n 7 n
Prelate, Rev. Geo, ". Mead.
Sec, Rev. W. c. Clark.
Treas, Rev. o. E Hardy.