davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-03-16
CHARTER
OF THE LOU ALLEN OIL COM
r. 49,. PANY, LIMITED.

State of Louisiana, Parish of Caddo.
! Be it known that this day before me,
the undersigned notary public, in and
for Caddo parish, Louisiana, duly COM
missioned, qualified and sworn, came
and appeared the several persons whose
names are hereunto subscribed, all resi-
dents of Cadjo parish, Louisiana, who
declared that, availing themselves oi
the provisions Of Act No. Sc of 1888 oi
the General Assembly of the State oi
Louisiana, as we'll sas those of the general
laws of said state, relative to the or
ganization of corporations, they have
formed themselves, their associates and
successors into corporation for the OBJ
jects and purposes and under the agree
ments and stipulations hereinafter sci
forth, which they hereby adopt as thei,
charter. Is.
ARTICLE /.
The name Of this corporation shall bs
Lou Allen Oil Company, Limited, and
by that name it shall have the power and
authority to enjoy succession for ninety.
nine years, to contract, sue and be sued
and use corporate seal; to hold, pur.
chase, lease, sell and hypothecate prop.
.erty, real and personal; and to name
managers, directors and agents as the
interest of the corporation may require
and to make such bylaws and rules TO,
the proper management Of the affairs oi
the corporation as may be necessary.
ARTICLE II.
The domicile Of this corporation shall
be in the city of Shreveport, Louisiana
and all citations and other legal process
shall be served ON the president, or il
his absence at the office of the company
according to law.
ARTICLE III.
The object for which this corporation
is organized and the nature Of the busi.
ness to be carried on by it, is as follows
To develop oil, gas OF minerals on an,
property, owned, leased or controlled b,
it or others, in the state of Louisiana OF
elsewhere in the United States, and gen.
orally to do all things in furtherance
thereof ..--
ARTICLE w. -.
The capital stock of this corporation
is hereby fixed at twenty thousand dol
lars, divided into two hundred shares
at one hundred dollars per share, pa,
value, full paid and worcestershire, each
to Be paid for in cash or its equivalent
where subscribed for; and said corpora.
ton IS authorized to commence busines.
when one hundred shares Of said stool
IS subscribed and paid for.
ARTICLE u.
TIE eerpoFate powers 81 this corpora,
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-03-16
CADDO LEVEE BOARD
Official Proceedings of the Session Held
March Is, 1905.

AT a regular meeting of the Cadd'
Levee Board held at the Office Of th
secretary this the 18th day of March
1905, there were present: w. V. Rob
| son presiding, w. P. Hall, c. w. Lane
John sentell, J. J. LayL. Lehman.
Mr.. John L Gayle presented his com
mission and having qualified took hi:
seat as member of the board.
Mr.. Gervais Lombard, assistant State
engineer, being present, was invited te
a seat. ~-z-..
The minutes of meeting January 10th
were read and ON motion approved.
Letter from w. H. Evernan of Feb
ruary 9TH read and ordered filed.
Letters from Governor Blanchard and
State Register Crandall, regarding levee
lands, read and after discussion Judge
Hall was appointed committee of ole
to visit Baton Rouge and discuss the
subject mi liter with Governor Blanchard
and the tate registrar and report at
next meeFng. The board to pay ex-
pense of "Trip.
Letter from National Bank of Com
merce of Memphis, Tenn, regarding
lost coupons was read and on motion
the following resolution was adopted !:
By Mr.. Sentell-
Resolved, That the Treasurer Of the
State of Louisiana be and is hereby au-
thorized and requested to pay to the Ma
tional Bank of Commerce, of Memphis,
Tenn. the sum of sixty dollars in full
payment for the interest due as repre-
sented by coupons No. "a Of bonds NUM-
bered g. I2 and II, said sum Of sixty
dollars to be paid when the said Ma
tional Bank of Commerce of Memphis
shall have executed and delivered to the
State Treasurer such bond or obligation
as will fully indemnify the said Treas
urer and this board against any loss
which may be possible or occasioned by
the presentation of said lost coupons.
Carried.
On motion bids for levee lands were
opened with following result:
L. NJ. Styles, rejected. "
w. R .Cavett, rejected.
Mr.. Lombard, assistant State en-
gineer, made verbal report as to the
general. condition of the levees, which
on motion was received and vote OF
thanks rendered.
Mr.. Sentell offered the following
which was duly seconded:
Be it ordained that the Board of State
Engineers be requested to apply what
ever funds they may have for allotment
out of the Caddo sub-district fund and
the general engineer fund Of Ioo5 to the
extension down stream of the upper
Caddo leyee district, provided of course
that said funds are not required for
new ievees, which may be rendered
necessary by caving banks in other parts
of said district. Carried.
Mr.. Styles appeared before the board
and asked that the description Of 80
acres of land bought of the levee board
on June 18TH be corrected, which on
motion was referred to Mr. D. T. Land,
the boards attorney, with power to act.
Carried.
The board then adjourned until June
Fl, 1905.
w. v. ROBSON, President.
S. N. KERLEY, Secretary.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-03-16
i POINT OF DOCTRINE.

The Tri-state Sun, published at Wv
ian, says: It IS learned that Evangelist
kngel IS in trouble with the Baptist
brethren at Ida, where he holds mem
bership The trouble is a point Of doc
trirse-in other words, Brother Kegel
has dished up something the Baptist
brethren can't swallow.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-03-16
Cook " ith Gas.
ThE
Best and Cheapest Way.
BASE BALL GUIDE

! ne Caucasian has been complimented
with a copy of A. ]. Reach Coo Base
Ball Guide for 1905. It is the official
authority Of the American League and
IS filed with information Of general in
terest. Price 10 cents.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-03-16
ARTICLE VIII.

This corporation is authorized to in
crease its capital stock by thirds
vote of all the stockholders at meeting
held according to law, said original
stockholders shall have the right to par
Iticipate in said increased issue of stock
in proportion to holdings of original
stockholders and in default thereof the
other stockholders shall have a right to
purchase said stock before it is offered
Ito a third person.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-03-16

tle epfs powers Of this corpora
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1905-03-16
THE CIVIC LEAGUE.

There will be called meeting OF the
Civic Ieague SATURDAY, March is, at I
pm. Il Athletic Club. for election d
remaining officers appointing commit.
tees and other business.
n SCOFIELn Presides,t.
F sHlJTTIEl1oRIH, ~ -
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17

afternoon.
Passing through Heller Sun
day We noticed several nekw
houses under construction or Just
completed.
John Wagner and wife were
up from Ellinwood Sunday to
spend the day with Chris Wagner
and family.
Lin Moses left for Los Angeles,
CAL, where his family is. His
future location has not yet been
definitely settled, We understand.
The wedding of Stanley Snider
and Amelia Kousil was consum-
mated at st. AIMS church,
Olmitz, Monday morning al eight
O'Clock.
Joe Gandolph has returned
from Texas where he has been for
a num0er OF months. He went
there for his health and has return
ed much improved.
The wedding of Simeon Har-
rington OF Hoisington and Anna
Renter of 0lmiz was consul
mated at the latter place on We'd
nesday.
AT the annual meeting of the
Santa Fe Medical and Surgical
Society held in Topeka last week,
DR.. Morrison of this city was
honored by being elected presi-
pent for the coming year Al
ways count on Barton county for
a winner.
Miss Rose Colgrove left last
week for a visit at HoisingtOn,
after having been visiting Her
man and family for quite a while.
She goes from Hoisington to
Denver where she will remain
indefinitely.
The wheat in the country be
tween Great Bend and 0lmitz has
improved a great deal in the last
three weeks, and is looking pretty
good. A couple of weeks of the
right kind of weather will put il
in fine shape.
Jake thinner returned Saturday
from a visit with Melvin and
family at Dodge City and Marion
and family at Greensburg. Botl
are getting along fine and pros.
'pering, but always GLAD to hear
from ole Barton.
\ The local chapter Of the Easter
Star received a visit last week
from Mrs Carrie Yates of junction
City, the Grand Matron o.
Kansas. They had a very inter
e-tiE- .-t..-g IN excelle,
, musical program was rendered
and the evening wound up with
banquet.
Benjamin Hite OF Hoisingtol
= was on Saturday adiudged insan
. by a commission composed 0
! Drs. Koch and Burton OF tia
+ city. He is an elderly man. 6
years old. and has been in tailin
health mentally for the past wv
years, brought about by fnanci,
reyerseS.
{ The Third Ward Whist club nc
:. with Grant Jones and wife la.
i Friday evening and bad the
q usual amount OF fun. Mrs. job
n Chapman and Ray Chapman wo
If the first prizes, and John Cha
4 man and Mrs. Fred Miller the Sc
: Ond prizes: lse PurSell was vel
q unfortunate during the eveniI
D ouch 10 the enjoyment OF Il
d other guests.
Re We started in Saturday to nal
n local mention of the promine
ID educators in the county who we
n attending. the association, but
there were so many of them al
T. We feared lest some might
ST missed. we let up on it. All tho
=, who attended the meeting of 4
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
HOIsINGTON.
From The Dispatch.

From The Dispatch.
Miss Mae Jones returned Sun.
day night from a visit with rela-
tiyes in Illinois.
The Van Noy News Co. have be-
gun on their new eating house
near the depot.
Mrs. Logan brought her father
from Usage City Sunday night.
He is in very poor health
Stanley Siddom is working the
third trick on the west end now
and is also night chief.
The heaviest rain since harvest
fell Saturday night. All the ponds
and draws were filled with water.
+. P. Ladenberger is building
an addition on the west side of the
Hotel Jones doubling its capacity.
Leo Foulks and wife of Kansas
City Kans. are visiting their
parents Mr.. and Mrs. J. W.
Foulks. Mr.. Foulks is on the poice
force in Kansas City.
A 200 bird shoot is being arranged
for Thanksgiving day. Several
nice merchandise prizes have been
donated. The list will be pub
lished next week. The Hoisngton
gun club has ruled out profession
ais shooting as amateurs in the
division of money. This will in
clude Ed O'Brien,a and Fatty"
Arnold, and if Hoisington's lead
is followed by other clubs it will
help the shooting game wonder
fully in the state.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
CLAFLIN.
From The Clarion.

From The Clarion.
Roy Galloway bought out the
east side barber shop yesterday
and is now in charge.
You are all welcome at the
Musical Pie Social, at the home OF
Mrs. Stout, Friday evening, Nov.
18th.
Otto Stultz and family we're up
last week from Harper. Kansas,
to pay their many old friends here
a visit.
M. a. and Joe Cummings were
out to Meade county this week
looking up some OF the bargains
in real estate.
NJ. H. Wood will dedicate his
new restaurant building by giving
the young folks a grand ball in il
on Wednesday evening, November
18th.
During Mr.. Habiger's absence
this week he met with a consider.
able loss by fire in his place OF
business. The cause of the fire
is not known, but the suppposi-
ton is that it was started by mice
and matches. Amount of loss
cannot be ascertained until the
insurance adiuster arrives, how.
eyer, it will be quite heavy.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
FRIENDLY WARMING.
No Need to be Alarmed About Stomach
Troubles II You Use Ni.O.DG-CUre
Guaranteed by Hooper Drug
Company.

Shortness of breath black
specks before the eyes, furred
tongue dizziness, belching OF
gases or sour food, weakness and
debility are all signs OF cattarrh
of the stomach. There Is no
need to be unduly alarmed. for
this disease can be cured by MILO
ma. 1t is the only remedy that
strikes at the root OF the evil and
actually cures the disease.
1t does not contain opium in
any form, acids. alcohol. or any
other harmful drug or chemical.
1t is a pure remedy that heals the
irritated mucous membrane,
stimulates the solar plexus, anC
aids digestion.
Ask Hooper Drug Co. to show
you the guarantee under whiel
they sell Mi-o-na. !; costs but 81
cents box and your money is re
turned if it..does not..help you.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
S. j. Williams.
Frank Wood.
Attest: H. D. Ashpole

County Clerk.
l, Nicholas Keeper, hereby
sign this order under protest,
believing it to be the best interests
Of Barton County to have the said
County keep the said bridge il
repair
N. W. Keeper.
Board adjourned to meet Nov
ember 18th.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
First published in the Democrat Oct y, loO5,l
NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT.
The state Of Kansas, Barton county. IS

In the Probate Court in and for said county.
In the matter Of the Estate Of Johann Elm
berger, deceased.
Creditors and all other persons interested in
the sSiresaid Estate are hereby notified that L
shall apply to the Probate Court, in and for
said County, sitting at the Court house, in Great
Bend, County Of Barton, State Of Kansas, on the
4th day of December, A. D. 1905, for full and
final settlement Of said Estate.
Anton j. Ref Executor Last Will and Tesla
ment Of JOHANN EFFINBERGER deceased
October 20 A. D. 1905 3l-S7
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
WOODS & RuSSLE.

FARM For SALE-32O acres, 8
miles northeast of JetmGre, Kan.
: It's acres in cultivation, balance pas
ture; small house, stable and granary
plenty Of good water, nice grove, and
few fruit trees; SO per acre.
A. H. NORTHCUTT.
Ietmore. Kar
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17

Strayed, from my farm, three
and one half miles north east OF
Albert, sometime between Mon.
day morning the Both, and Thurs
day following, one red yearling
steer, with a little white on head
weight about 500. Finder please
notify me.
Joseph SkOlaut,
Albert, Kansas.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17

P. f. Murphy and W. P. FEEDER
drove to 0lmitz Sunday morning
where they addressed a meeting
in the interests OF the Knights of
Columbus. The meeting was fair
ly well attended and a number OF
applications were secured for the
class to be initistedqn this city in
the near future. They found that
the large and elegant church built
a.few years ago by the Catholic:
of that congregation was getting
too small, the congregation nun
bering overa hundred families anC
getting larger constantly. Tn,
inside of the church has beer
elegantly fixed up and gooC
denominational school has beer
started.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
Joseph SkOlaut,
Albert, Kansas.

H. II. c. Davis on route three
has been suffering for the past
three weeks with a large sized car
buncle on the back of his neck.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
The McFarlan Buggies are best.
Bargains III Real Estate.

If you contemplate buying land
this fai, see us, as we have good
wheat land, in Pawnee, Edwards,
Hodgemau, Ford, Gray and Finney
county for sale. Prices right and
terms reasonable.
WooDs &. RUssLE.
KinSley, Kas,
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17

County Commissioners of Barton
County, Kansas, on the 18th day
OF April, 1886, specifying what
bridges in Barton County, Kansas,
shall be repaired at the expense of
said Barton county be, and the
same is hereby amended, so as to
exclude from the said bridges
repaired at the expense of said
Barton County, the bridge across
the Arkansas river Immediately
west and slightly south of the city
OF Ellinwood. Barton county. Kan
sas, constructed in the year 1873
and commonly known as the odd
Ellinwood bridge" and said Barton
county hereby absolves itself
from all liabilityfrom and after
this date for the repair of said
bridge and from any liability
resulting from any injury to any
person using the said bridge on
account OF said bridge not being
kept in repair or for any other
reason. It's further ordered that
a copy of the order be published
in the Great Bend Tribune the
official County paper of Barton
County for three consecutive
weeks next succeeding this date
and that a copy be served on the
Trustee of Lakin Township, Bar
ton County Kansas and also u copy
on the Trustee OF Comanche
Township, Barton County,
| Kansas.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
See the McFarlan .Buggies.

Taken up, at my place; about
one month ago, Six miles south
and a half mile west of Albert,
two yearling calves, one a steer
and one a heifer.. Both, red. Own
er can have same by calling and
paying charges.
w. Werhaim.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17
County Commissioners Proceedings
County Clerks Office,
Nov. 10 1905.

Nov. 10 1905.
The board of county commits
siOners OF Barton county, Kansas,
convened as a board of canvasers
pursuant to law for the purpose
Of canvasing the returns of the
election held in Liberty township
Oh November 7th, 1906.
Commissioners Frank Wood. S.
j. Williams, and N. W. Keeper,
members Of said board and County
Clerk H. D. Ashpole, were present
and Sheriff j. S. Dalziel was in
attendance.
The number of votes cast in fav.
or of the proposition for bridge
bonds in Liberty precinct:
For the bonds, .25.
Against the bonds, %.
Defective ballots, .......... l.
Washburn precinct:
For the bonds, .2C
Against the bonds, 10
Total registration Of cleo
TORS, ........ ............6l,
Warrants were issued for sale
election expenses. as follows:
P. E. Murphy, Judge of cleo
ton and making returns. s.. s;
A. H. Mayes, Judge of cleo
ton and making returns s.. 81
A. f. Rasley, Judge of cleo
ton, ..........:.....,S2.OI
Fred Smith, Judge of cleo
ton, ..........S2.0
W. W. Emmerson, clerk of
election, $40
a. Seibert,. clerk OF cleo
ton, $40
W. H. Russell, Judge Of cleo
ton. ...............2.O
= A. Taught, Judge of cleo
ton, .............2.O
G, H Taylor, clerk of cleo
ton 20
P. A. Potts, clerk OF cleo
ton, .................:.2.C
c. P. Townsley, printing
notice OF election, ...... 80
The county clerk was instructe
to send certified statement of sal
election expense to county trea
urer, that the county general fuI
may be reimbursed by transfe
ing said amount from the fund
said township.
The board of county commi
siOners also pursuant to adiour
{ ment of October 10th. 1905 co
vened for the transaction of &c
eral business.
a The following tax matters we
d adjusted: The clerk of the cou
IF is hereby authorized to accept t
~ amount of 0. B. Looney person
:, tax for 1904 less penalty of SO.
D, if paid at once.
II Frank Wood,
Chairman County Commissioner
Attest: H. d. Ashpole,
County Clerk.
1t is hereby ordered that
resolution passed by the Board
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17

At the New Jewelry Store, opposite
the Post Office, is good place to get
your watches and clocks repaired.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17

The following persons called
Saturday at this office on business.
VIM. Hood city and John Heinz,
Ellinwood, to renew Democrat
subscription, James Moran to
order the Democrat sent to his
sister at Wallingford Conn, and
the Rustler to himself: q. H.
Shaw, HOisingtOn, to order the
Democrat D. Z. Howard. route
two, Olmitz to renew the Rustler,
and R.ssW.. Fristoe, city to order
the Rustler.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17

We started in Saturday to make
local mention of the prominent
educators in the county who were
attending. the association, but as
there were so many of them and
We feared lest some might be
missed, we let up on it. All those
who attended the meeting of the
association, and some others, are
prominent and successful educa-
tors.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1905-11-17

Not very large audiences at
tended the show, Clusters Last
Fight +" Friday and Saturday
evenings but the little Indians and
blue-coats got lots of fun out of it,
Just the same.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1905-11-10
Of her sister. MRS. i. n. corl. a few

Of her sister, Mrs. ii. Il. Corl, few
days the past week. r.
A rural mail route inspector wns
here on Saturday and went over ronte
No. 1 from this place. with g. Al.
Welty, the carrier to see IL eyery-
thing was In accordance with instruc-
tions from the poetoffice department.
Miss Civilia Geib OF Louisville, and
Miss Rose Summers OF Canton. attend
ed the Sunday school rally Sunday
morning and evening.
Howard Lesh went TO Cleveland
Sunday TO be the guest of his sister.
Mrs. Willis Smith.
Mrs. Sarah Hill has returned home
after an absence OF about month
with her children.
Ed. Brumbaugh was the guest OF his
parents at Louisville Sunday.
Willie Harget went TO Canton Sat
urday to visit friends few DAYS.
Daniel Buchanan has sold his fancy
driving horse TO M. j. Morton OF Pitts
burg for $500.
Mrs. Moonshour and Miss Kelsey of
Canton were guests OF friends In town
over Sunday
Mr.. and Mrs Oscar Smith OF Doyls-
town visited bis parents over Sunday
and left for home on Monday.
Oliver Grubb has sold his house and
lot to Mrs. Cora E. Miller for 1900
and gives possession In q few days.
Mr. and Mrs DIR carnes 81 Waah-
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1905-11-10
THE RECENT ELECTIONS
AND WHAT THEY MEAN

Complete election returns while vary
ing somewhat with the earlier claims
do not change the prominent feat
ures. Never before in the history of
the city has there been so much
scratching Of ballots which indicates
the growing independence Of the voter
and his desire to be free from machine
rule. In Canton the people spoke no.
ticeably in the mayoralty contest and
Indicated their disapproval of the pres
ent administration. Neither did they
forget the board Of public service and
there they wanted change. They
stamped their approval of other city
officials with handsome majorities
which they also allowed the county
ticket with few exceptions where the
escape was close and defeat deserv-
ed. In these cases the candidates
pulled through under the party whip,
but due notice Of condemnation was
served.
In Ohio the landslide was SO general
that it caused Cox to announce his
retirement and delivered a stinging
blow TO bossism and graft and bids
fair to wipe out machine politics. In
Philadelphia this is carried to q greater
issue when Weaver, reform candidate,
laid low the cunning politician with
the name machine" marked to him.
Even in New York, where Tammany
rules, no greater victory has been won
than when William Travers Jerome
went 1t alone on reform issues and
was returned to the office where he
has accomplished so much for law
and order. ....
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1905-11-10

ern, 22A @23c; prints, 25@25hc; pro-
cess. a22023c; dairy, 1914 @20hc;
packing stock, 16016c. {" 155s i-s5 3
Cheese-York state creams, 1870
13hc; Ohio creams, 12h@13c; state,
Swiss, 13@14c; limborger,
11@12c; No. Q, 10@10hc.
Bggs--State and western, 25@26c.
Cold Storage-22@23c.
Live poultry Chickens, 10@101xc;
fowls, 90shc; turkeys, 14@15c.
Dueks--White. 13c; colored, 12c.
Geese, 12Q14c.
Green Fruits.
Lines, $le001.25.
Apples-Extra fancy, 5000 GOO;
fancy, $375@425; choice, $a.00@3.25; |;
common, s1.75@2.25.
ineapples-Florida, $4.0005.50.
Pears-Keifer, b0@65c per bu.
Cranberries, $950@1060.
Grapes-Malagas, $3.50 per bbl.
Vegetables
Potatoes-Choice white, 75@S0c per
bu.; car lots, 6sQ70c; No 2, 55Q5sc;
car lots, G0@65c
onions-Home grown, 75@SOc per bu.
Spanish, $l60q1.60 per box.
Cabbage-Home grown, $3.00@4.O0.
per 100.
Sweet potatoes, $140@1.50 per bbl;
Jerseys, s225G2.50 per pDl.; hampers.
s5cQ$1,O0; Illinois. s1.50@175. q
Celery. 20ep3yc per bunch.