davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

none Of this salt can be carried far inland.
It actually melts under the excessively
moist and hot conditions Of the tropical
climate. II loses its SAVIOR and it's virtue
wholly disappears
It may be kept fairly dry and unimpaired
where It arrives in good condition; but IL
IA the transportation on the backs Of men,
in the native canoes and by other rude
means Of carriage that causes IL to de-
teriorate The result lie that the com
merce in European salt does not extend
inland more than about 100 miles.
All the salt that this vast inland region
obtains comes from three centres Of pro-
duction, from the salt pans and other de-
posts in the Sahara. This salt Is very
impure and its color, red. black OF gray,
Il derived from the foreign substances in
Il; but the process Of preparation makes
Il possible 10 transport IL great distances,
Il Is put up in bars three feet in
length, about a foot wide and four or five
inches thick. The bar weighs from fifty
10 sixty pounds. Il is about as hard as
any rock and when the salt u used it has
to he broken and pounded TO pieces IL
stands the rough native transportation
parfe city and suffers little or no deterio ra-
ton though IL is carried from 100 to 800
miles south Of the Sahara.
This is the famous block salt OF Africa.
It is in limited supply conside ring the great
demand, but It lie one OF the largest trade
articles in inner Africa and Is highly priced
throughout the Sudan. in the Congo basin
and southwa I'd TO the Zambesi.
How our housekeepsrs would grumble
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30
CENTRAL AFRICA's NEED OF MORE SALT

il they had to pay for salt the price that these
moor bsrbarous blacks are glad 10 have a
chance 10 pay for i'll When cames deliver
it at Timbuktu, on the edge Of the desert
It sells for 20 cents a kilo gramne, or about
two and half pounds.
In the southern part OF the Sudan It Is
worth 40 cents; down near the Congo River
It is worth 80 cents and further south the
price Is still higher. Transpo ration Is
costly, and every middleman, OF course,
must have his profit.
The great question is, How can the civil
lied nations enter the field and supply the
enormous demand for the commodity
they produce 80 cheaply. There is chance
for big profit in 1t and the fact is fully real
lied by the producers Of Europe. They
cannot improve the opportunity unless
they find some means OF making their salt
as transportable az that Of the Sahara.
The English have tried COMPRISING
salt for the African trade, but have not yet
produced an article that viii Withstand the
excessive moisture and heat One French
oompaay, La Societe Ma eillaise du Sci
AgRlomere, on the other hand, assert that
they have solved the problem.
They are COMPRISING salt into about
two thirds Of its cubical contents as or
dinarily put on the market and the result
ing blocks have a glistening surface and
are as hard as a stone. They are sending
It out into the French colonies.
Il remains to be seen Whethe II will with
stand the moisture and rains OF tropical
Africa. II il meets the need II will be we J.
coined as a boon In Africa and will line the
pockets OF those who make and sellit
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

The human race Graves salt and so do
many varieties Of the brute creation. This
need Is abundantly supplied in most parts
Of the world, for few minerals are moro
widely and conveniently distributed
Everybody living along the seashore or
near saline marshes can make his own
salt II necessary. Scores Of African tribes
utilize such resources, the crude and dirty
product satisfying their wants. Many
Others rarely obtain salt, but they have a
substitute for IL.
There are two kinds Of plants from which
the substitute is manufactured. The plants
are dried and then burned. The ashes
are leached and the I've is evaporated, the
residue being used as salt. II Is a sorry
substitute, but contains the essential prin-
clple and satisfies. in a way, the craving
for salt
In inner Africa. from near the west coast
to the great lakes and from the Sahara
to the Zambesi River Of South Africa there
are no salt mines OF salt pans or other
sources Of the condiment; and here live
about l2S,OOO.O 900 people, more than half
the population OF the great continent.
They offer the greatest unsupphed market
for salt In the world. It is Of them that
DR.. c. M0ller recently wrote that they
would buy 100 900 tons year IL they could
get It.
Europe is now supplying the tribes along
the west coast Of Africa with about 10000
tons a year, most, Of II coming from the
rock salt beds of the Norwich district in
England, though a few thousand tons Of
German salt Is imported. Unfortunately,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

woman doctor. Miss Galloway Of the Me-
mortal Hospital In eastern China, tells some
interesting stories about the difficulties
she has to contend With:
If We want 70 get anything made here,
she says, Il must send a man across the
river TO buy rough pine logs, whether we
want a new operating table or even the
simplest splint for reducing a fracture
He wants things explained to him, and
then tries TO have his own way.
There are endless arguments over de-
tails and price. The same routine has 70
be gone through with the painter, and 90
on. Then, too, we have serious difficulty
10 get women with unbound feet for even
here must be nurse and architect, master
builder, artisan and manager q workmon.
So enthusiastic arc the American pbysi-
clans and surgeons who give their lives 10
the savage races, that some Of them are
content 20 spend their best years In the
most desoiate regions Of the earth. DR..
Annie Taylor made up her mind TO
enter Tibet from the Indian hill station
Of Darieeling. She stayed two Year, learn
ing the language and customs OF Tibet IN
the La-0ohng Valley In Sikkim. Later on,
DR.. Taylor journeyed almost TO the very
gate Of Lhasa, but being turned back opened
a little dispensary for the sick at the trad
ing station Of Yalong.
In Burmah and the Laos and Shan States
the American physician IL also found, and
sible, still more weird DR.. Morrow, who
practices in the Karen country Of Burmah,
tells OF The results 10 both adults and babies
Of the diet Of putrid fish eaten with vast
quantities Of red peppers. The only known
remedies among the people for the con,
sequent disorders are parts Of dried tiger
hearts, or scratching holes In the patient
back with the claws Of wild beasts, in
order that the evil spirit Of the disease
may find its way out.
II a man cannot be cured at all his neigh
bors look on him as stricken Of the gods
and forthwith they. as public beneiactors,
tear down bis house, destroy his banana
and palm gardens and drive him from ire
village DR.. Daniel MoGilvray was posted
at a place called Lakawn, $50 miles from
Bangkok in Siam, where the doctors car
rage il the howdah Of an elephant, and be
is carried TO his patients through tiger
haunted jungles
DR.. McGilvray often tells how he took
four bottles Of quinine with him up into this
wild region, but had 10 pay the peonle at
first to take it in order 10 prove its efnoacy
in fever cases. One grateful chieftaln
paid him On acceptable, but scarcely port
able fee OF fifty teak logs,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

heroic though these may be. Dr. White
OF nezdi Persia, tells Of the treatment pre-
scilbed by 4 native practitioner for youth
suffering severe internal pain. The poor
fellow WAS ordered 10 swallow a daily dose
OF shot in order TO stFaighten out any tangleS
IN bis internal Arrangements.
Ihe American doctor In Central AInqa
must be a person not easy 70 astonlshi
ton, who accompanied the oommerolal
expedition up the Niger River.
| have seen my compound fairly awe
Win cooks and hens, bound and hckhB
on the ground before their squatting owners
who had brought them as my Zee Othe ~
brought masses Of oowTio shells, ools OF
brass wire, big and little ivory tusks, and
even small leather bags full OF very impure
gold dust Did | take the queer teesY why,
ot course, They didn't amount 70 one,
hall what the native witch doctors would
have charged In bananas, eggs, fowls ana
general merchandise
The pract.ss of medicine in the interior
OF China 10 attended by even greater DIM
Guilty. Diet stands In the way, Tor one
thing.
think Of delicate invalids,- Dr.J Johnson
OF western China once remarked, Swallow
ing huge quantities Of green peanuts, de-
cayed fish roes, raw turnlps, picked pug
stomach and Chinese pears, hard a. rocks
and nutritious as sawdust!'
This same physician. called upon 70
prescribe for the mother Of rioh magh
trate, was told that he would have to feel
her pulse at the end Of silk cord extending
out from her bedrooml
One may realize how queer il the doctors
environment In these parts when one hears
OF patients coming 10 see him In curious
wheelbarrows fitted with bamboo masts
and sails The roads in central China being
30 rough, one wheel IL all that can be
used Hence the wheelbarrow. The wheel
Is In the middle and the passengers SIT on
eaol side, as In an Irish jaunting car The
tall bamboo mast Of this most curious
@land yacht carries a square or diamond
shaped sill when the wind is favorable.
There are many American hospitals in
China, perfectly equipped as TO stan and
appliances, but perhaps the most interest
ing are those that ply on the great rivers
and are dwelling house, church and hos
pital combined. There are several OF
these on the great Yangtse. These floating
hospitals are towed up and down the river
but this work is done at night in order that
the doctor NAV have the daylight hours In
ministering to bis patients.
Some Of the land hospitals are 80 FAR out
Of the track Of travel that II takee twelve
months to get goods from New York.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30
1T THE EARTH'S CENTER BY PROF. SEE

2l2 billion atmospheres, which would equal
the pressure Of column Of quicksilver
reaching from the earth 10 the sun.
Such amazing forces surpass the utmost
flight Of the imagination. Dr. SEES con-
clusion that all matter IL perfectly porous
and as ponetrable as q sponge under these
immense pressures remind one Of the fam
Gus theorems Of Arch imedes and Newton,
which they overturn.
Newton established the theory Of the
impenetrability Of matter when he pub
hshed the Principal in 1887. In the judg-
ment Of some scientists Prof. See has now
definitely and finally overthrovn Newton's
theory for most Of the matter Of the uni
verse by showing that 1t is under such
immense pressure as to be reduced TO a gas,
which would expand as flaming vBPor II
the pressure was removed
Prof. See Is now on duty at the navy
yard. Mare Island Cal, and has made
his discoveries there In what appears 10 be
continuation Of his former researches
when at the United States Naval observH-
tory az Washington.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

In the AStTonoInfSche Noehr1ehfeH for
February Prof. T. ]. J. See, United States
Navy, has published a paper on the pres
sures and densities within the earth, the
sun and the planets Incidentally he proves
that the planet Venus Is more rigid than a
corresponding globe Of glass, the earth
having been shown by Lord Kelvin and
Prof. @. II. Darwin many years ago TO be
about as rigid as . steel sphere Of the same
dimensions.
He shows that the pressure at the center
Of the earth Ia S,1s7,777 atmospheres, equiva-
lent 10 the weight Of q vertical column OF
quicksilver 40 miles high II all parts Of
II were under uniform force Of gravity.
Imagine a column Of mercury erected
vertically as long as from Boston 10 New
Orleans and you have q conception Of the
pressure at the center Of the earth. The
pressure IL 90 enormous that the matter
in the middle OF the globe Is compressed
till II has a density ILL., times that OF water,
or equal 10 that Of lead.
Prof. See concludes that the cause OF
this great density Is the pressure, and that
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

Much has been written Of late Of Dr..
Wiifrid Grenfell and bis floating hospital
and OF the hardships OF his life along the
Labrador coast. But he b not alone IN
this work. Many docto NJ medical mis-
sionaries for the most part arc workn &
against every disadvantage in every part
Of the world.
Take, for instance, Or. Hugh j. Lee, who
has been known 20 60 to visit an Alaskan
Eskimo patient seated astride a DOlasBes
barrel drawn by a reindeer and with tho
probability OF receiving bis fee In tho form
Of a young beast OF the same species.
OrSgAin, talk with DR.. W. 8. Dodd OF the
Anne rican Methodist Dispensary az Caesarea,
in Asiatio Turkey. His first dispeusa y
was entered through a stabe, in which tho
patients jostled with the cows. And the
room above was 20 crazy that to walk
across It made my bookcase swing like a
ships mast The mud roof the doctor
goes on to say, made a broom instead OF
. dnsteT necessary 10 olean my deck every
morning And 30 numerous were patients
that they brought their own beds and calmly
oommenoed cooking over charcoal fires
while waiting. Il takes these people some
time 10 believe m the American physician,
for they have remedies OF their own. For
instance, 10 reduce a fracture they will
out open a black chicken without blemish'
and bind it on the swollen joint or broken
bone. One cure effected by the physicians
however works wonders. On one occasion
an old Turk took DR.. Dodd three days on
horseback through the mountains and pine
forests TO amputate his wife's foot
The principal obstacle in the way Of the
physician is that Of caste or religion. Dr.
Harris. an American doctor stationed in
THpol OF Syria will not soon forget
his FIRST Mohammedan lady patient. Not
on any account would she uncover her face
before the Christian, and il took many
minutes before the difficulty was obviatsd
by getting the patients tongue through
a slit in her veil.
And then the patients! DR.. John Rocker.
who IL stationed in Jerusalem tells Of an
old Hebrew to whom he gave a box OF
pills which nearly brought about the
patients death he having swallowed box
and all. Mistakes Of this kind are apt 10
drive natives back 10 their own remedies
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

access that none butsIperienoed pilots dare
use them. They are patronized chiefly by
the small steamers which ply between
HonEkong and Annoy on the mainland,
and Taiwanfoo ana Takow in south Fer
mosa.
The islands have played an important
part In the history Of the Far East. From
the earliest years Of Chinese history until
the introduction Of steam gunboats by
Great Britain 10 the nineteenth century
they were q favorite haunt Of Chinese and
Malay pirates who preyed upon the rioii
commerce Of the FoTmosa channel
They were originally settled by Malay
freebootsrs, who we're In turn subiugated
by Hakka advsnturers. Chinese pirates
and. last Of an Chinese revolutionary lead
ere. Tho Dutch East India Company COZ
quorod them u ioot and bdd them for
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

dwarfed.
These conditions are reflected In the
local architecture The houses are low,
squat and heavily built The roofs are Of
massive red clay tiles set In ohsnam. or
native cement, and reinforced with heavy
bricks foot square and three inches thick.
The poorest novels have their roofs weighted
down with shards and fat stones.
The inhabitants are poor but thrifty.
They are very successful fishermen, and
by dint Of unceasing energy raise about
enoagh food from the coil 10 supply tl.eir
daily wants The deficiency IL made good
by importations from FormOsa and the
mainland, which are repaid with dried fab
and odd plaster work made from plaster
obtained by burning gypsum and ltns.
The archipelago Is full Of channels. har-
bors and roadsteads, but 70 dangerous o.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

The few biologists who have studied
the archipelago believe the boulders to
have originated In the coal measures Of
Formosa and 10 have been transported
by glaciers to their present position. Ac-
cording 10 the natives, there were many
boulden Of coal long ago, but these were
gathered and used ga fuel by their ance stors
The climate u COOL although the archi-
Pelago Is divided by the Tropio Of Cancer.
On account Of the winds, the temperature
seems lower than II really h.
Perhaps NJ breezier spot can be found
upon the earth. Here, II anywhere, is
situated the veritable cavern Of Eolus. SO
strong and unceaslng are the blasts that Il
h difhcult TO raise cTope. and nearly inn
possible 10 grow trees. The few children
Of the forest that exist are under the lee Of
the hills and even then are gparled anb
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

Specimen pages Of the newspaper that
was printed on a typewriter every weak
for two winters while the Discovery was in
the Antarctic have been sent to this country.
It was not the first newspaper Of it's kind
but In quality il was the best Of Polar pub
locations.
This Ia largely due to the fact that It was
beautifully illustrated with water colors
and black and white sketches. There were
artists in that crowd and some Of their best
work was done for the newspaper.
Most Of the color work illustrated natural
history. The birds and beasts Of that re-
gion gave numerous sittings and the pic
lures are rarely urpassed by any process,
Many black and white Illustrations hit
on the daily life in camp, showed the hui
morous aspect Of things and caricatured
everybody from Capt. Scott down. These
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

pictures are sprinkled in among news items
stories, fun and solid scientific articles. II
is remarkable product in its way, and
they are talking at the Royal Geographi-
cal Society In London Of making facsimile
reproductions in eight volumee to be sold
at a pretty penny.
Then there were other methods also Of
driving dun care away during the tedious
winter months. Once in a while thin gs
were livened up by q negro minstrel perform
ance.
It would not do to rehearse for these
performances on the ship, for everybody
would know just what was going on. So
the burnt cork artists always went for
rehearsal TO a hut that had been erected
on the ice. The temperature in the hut
was decidedly Arctic. and Lieut., Royds
says il was no great pleasure playing the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30
pESCADORES MAY BATTLE

twenty years, when il coded 4 hem to the
Viceroy OF Fokien.
In 1854 they were seized by the famous
pirate king KoIinga and held by him and
his son until 1883, when they were again
coded to China. They were taken tenn
porarfy by the French in the Tonhn War
OF 1888 and used as a naval rendezvous and
sanitarlum for a year. The only relic Of
this occupation Is a handsome stone monu-
ment erected 70 the memory Of the French
soldiers and sailors who died in the hos
pital there.
In March. 1895 the Poscadores we're cap
tured by japanese naval expedition. and
In the following June were formally codsd
by China 10 JaIan Since that time the
new owners have made thorough chart Of
the archipelago have improved hakonE
barber and Panghou ehannel, andhaye bus
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30
A NEWSPAPER AMID ANTARCTIC ICE

piano for the comic songs.
One day when tho troupe went to the
hut for rehearsal they found two members
Of the scientific stnff taking pendulum
observations. Tho gentlemen gave way to
the min strels and started for the ship, and
mention Of what happened may give faint
night.
The distance between the. hut and the
ship was 900 feet. The rehearsal was over
in an hour and the minstrels started for the
ship They had gone half the distance
when they heard a faint cry through the
howling blast. Everybody knew that some
one was lost.
The party opened out and soon found the
two men who had left The hut. They had
been lost between the hut and the ship and
for an hour had been tramping around in
a little circle shouting at the top OF their
voices, but they couldn't outory the bliz-
Eard.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

The Pesoadores Islands, OF Peng-Hu,
q the Chinese call them, which figure In
Ne dispatches concerning the movements
q Tie Russian and japanese fleets, oonst!-
eote an archipelago about thirty miles
bng and twelve miles wide, and arc situated
en miles west Of the Formosan coast,
heir area IL about eighty SQUARE miles.
The group is composed Of twelve good
Hted islands and a multitude Of islets
Rsis, bars and shoals. The largest IL
ronGhou, the second Pehoe. the third
usher, the fourth Paehau, and the hfth
Junk Island
The larger ISLANDS are slightly elevated
move the sea, the maximum elevation being
see than 800 feet, The remainder are lees
man nifty feet above the water.
ihsy lie in tho path Of travel. and from
~ earliest times have been the scene Of
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

shlpwreck and disaster. II was here in
October. 1891, that the big p. a o. steam
ship Bokhara was disabled, driven on the
shoals and pounded 10 pieces in the surf.
with a losa Of more than 200 souls.
The season most dangerous 10 navigation
is that Of the winter monsoon, when tho
cold, strong, northeast winds create swift
currents and heavy seas that dive vessel
toward the Islands and shoals. In summer
they lie In the track Of the typbOons which
come north and northWestward from the
Philippine, and which generally follow
the Formcsa channel 70 20 degrees north
latitude.
The islands are Of tertiary coral forma-
ton, with many evidences Of glacial action.
A cuiious feature about them Il the presence
on the beaches Of bouldsu Of carboniferOul
shale Slnd limestons.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

fortihoat ions upon Fisher, Pehoe and Pa
chau islands. Since the war opened with
Russia, they have increased their forth
cations, established Arsenals, pontOons and
machine shops. 90 that the place has be-
come a naval stronghold Of high rank
The wise rule Of the japanese has greatly
improved the industrial condition Of the
Pescadores, Trade has more than trebled
In the Last ten years and population has
greatly increased. A large trafhc has been
developed with the mainland. which during
the past ytaT has been promoted b. num-
Der OF small steamers.
It Is now possible 10 provision OF coal
a man-of-wAT ct the Pesoadores In a teW
hour.
The latest development At MakonG s
di-tITlng and refrigerating plant wtioh
can trest any tons Of water a day.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

the earth and as Kelvin and Darwin have
proved the earth TO be as hard as a ball OF
steel, Prof See concludes that Venus Is at
least as rigid as a corresponding globe OF
glass, theorem more OF less applicable
10 other planets. He shows that all the
larger bodies have nuclei Of great rigidity,
vastly surprising that Of any other known
substance.
Ths g'obe OF Venus IL as hard as a ball OF
clear glass 1890 miles in diameter.
The pressures in the oenters Of the planets
found by Prof. See are as follows:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1905-04-30

These pressures are all computed by
Laplaces law Of density. Prof. See shows
that n the sun be gaseous with a density at
it's center about thirty-two times that Of
water. the pressure there will become about