The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-01-22
RussIA,s ARMY AND JAPAN's.
On Paper it Ia Case of A,500,000 Men
 Fitted Against 1,O0Oy000.

On Paper It Ia . Case or @vovV,0vV Mc@
 Fitted Against 100000. Washington Letter in The New York
 Sun.
 A German statistician who jotted down daily reports from both Russian and Japanese sources of the number of casualties in the Manchurian cam paign found by adding up the figures a few weeks ago that the Russians had lost in killed and wounded 4,sSIO00 men, or as many as the entire quota of soldiers available from the Czar's Empire and that the Japanese had suf- fered the enormous loss of 5.7sS,soo men. five times the total of the Island Empires soldiers of the standing ar- my and the reserves.
 While the congregations made by both are thus exhibited wildly. the losses have undoubtedly been tremen- dous and 1t becomes interesting, to know how long either country can continue to fill up the broken ranks. Russia has an almost unlimited supply of men with military training. and the size of the army which she can gather In wartime Is estimated at 4,5oO. .o00, including about 75,000 offi- cers.
 Every man In Russia Is q soldier. that Is, every man between the ages | OI lWcnLH-Oub anu "ANh the exception of educated persons, those who have been graduated from universities, colleges and grammar 1 schools, five years with the colors or | in active service Is required. grad uate of a university is required to serve actively for a year only. Those | in the active service are, of course, receiving training continually. The reserves are trained for a fixed number of weeks periodically. Regi- mental barracks are scattered from one end of the empire to the other, and the mobilization of the troops. al- though a vast undertaking. is syste- matically carried out. Besides the periodical drill to which the reserves are subjected. there are many conn panies and regiments which are called out for active duty in quelling riots. Tn Japan the total of available re- serves falls far below that of Russia, but to offset ths Is the fact that Japan is nearer the scene of the fighting. Some experts also believe the Japa- nese are better fighters.
 The Jepanese standing army con sisted before the war of only i67.629 officers and men, while Russia's peace quota was .1.0000.0O0 men and 42,000 officers, according to figures supplied  ton of the Japanese army Is rather complicated. but it's efficiency has been fully tested in the mobilization and transportation of the troops to the field.
 In Japan all men from seventeen to forty are liable to military service. In addition to the standing army are the reserves; then what is known by the German term landwehr, and the1 first and second depots.
 The reserves consist of those who have quilted the active service. They are enlisted for four years and four months and are considered part of the standing army.
 The landwehr, which is brought into service after all the reserves have been called to the colors. IS com posed of those who have quilted the standing army active and reserve, and the enlistment period Is five years. The first depot comprises all those who have not enlisted in the active army for a term of seven years and four months. Those who mad not pre- viously enlisted in the first depot comprise the second depot, the term of service of which is only a year and four months.
 These divisions are called out in regular order. Training of three or four weeks each year is given to all those not in the active service, much after the manner of our own State militia organizations.
 In war times the reserves are put into active service. and a depleted regiment can easily and quickly be filled with trained and experienced men. There is also a fifth division, called the 1andstrum, which consists of those who have gone through the landehr or first depot, but who have not been in other service. Tn this manner the ranks of the army are quickly filled.
 Aside from all these there are thous- ands in the empire who can be called upon for active service, and counting every man eligible for the service. the total military strength of Japan would be upward of 100000 men.
 On paper this number compares poorly with the Russian figures, but Japan, 1t must be remembered, can more easily get her men to the field. The main problem which each nation must face is that of feeding her sol- diers, With Japan the present base of field supplies is short when conn pared with Russia's 5000 miles.
 That the Russian army is suffering