The sun., 1905-08-20


| TO the honor Of his country and having
demanded an apology from Great Britain
with fine Of some five hundred millions
sterling. In support Of these claims, here
stigmatized as "preposterous. Mr.. sumner
referred to the hostile tone Of English CLUBS
and drawing rooms at the time OF the civii
war. In q manly speech at Bradford
Mr.. w. Z. Forster reminded him OF what
many OF US used to forget, that there was
another side to the picture. is 1t come TO
this, he exclaimed, that republican Ameri-
cans are to judge OF England by her fash
ionable clubs and her drawing rooms! IL
they wanted to know what England felt
they, the republicans. the men Of the people.
ought to have gone to the workshops on the
people and the hearths Of the people. There
they would have found-in that workshop
In Lancashire which was no longer work.
shop because Of their war, by that hear1h-
stone which was cold and dreary, where
there was hardly meal which could be
cooked because Of that war-there they
would have found their friends and 1t is not
fair for Mr.. Sumner or for any American
to forget those friends and merely to re-
member those fashionable men. who, after
all, did not direct the destinies OF England
1t is by no means certain that the men
who directed the destinies OF England
with the exception Of MIR. Disraeli-did not
share to the full the animosity exhibited
by fashionable men, against the cause
Of the Union. Mr.. Paul seems to admit
as much on page 2s5, when, after repeating
that the relations Of the United Kingdom
with the United States had not In 1871
improved since the fall Of Richmond. he
says: -For, although many Englishmen,
from Mr.. Gladstone downwards. had mani
tested for the triumphant Union friend
ship which they never had displayed to
the struggling North, the indisoreet Ian
guage OF English sympathizers with the
South still lin 1871 ranked in the minds
Of the victors, and the more substantial
grievance against the British Government,
which had allowed Confederate cruisers
to be equipped in British ports. was still
unredressed. The fact that the failure
Of previous negotiations had been the
fault OF American Statesmen, who raised
unfounded pretensions and pressed i'm
possible claims, did not oonciliate Amori-
can opinion" Happily there was on the
British side In 1871 q sincere desire to be
just and conciliatory. shared alike by both
parties In the State. Lord Granville, who
had succeeded Lord Clarendon as Foreign
Secretary, did not fail to receive the sup
port Of his political opponents in fresh
attempt to negotiate a treaty OF arbitra-
tion. By the last OF February, In the year
just mentioned, President Grant had agreed
with her Majesty's Ministers that joint
commission should be appointed to discuss
all questions pending between the two
countries. The debates were held at Wash
ington in the spring, and the representa-
tives OF the British Government evinoed
frlendliness that would have melted
the hearts Of sterner men than American
Senators. The British commissioners ex-
pressed regret for the escape and depre-
dations Of the Alabama, and also abandoned
all claim to be indemnified for the Fenian
raid into Canada. These concessions
creased the wheels and quickened the
pace OF the commission. On May sth
1871, the Treaty OF Washington was signed,
and on the 18th the Senate ratified it,
in spite Of Mr.. Summers opposition, by
q ma jority OF four to one. 1t was not con-
fined, as our readers win remember to the
Alabama claims, although their settlement
was the most important OF it's purposes.
1t determined also the respective rights OF
her Majesty's Canadian subjects and OF
American citizens, by q process Of give
and take to fish in the Gulf Of st. Law
renee and on the eastern coast Of the United
States north OF Washington. matter
still open respecting the Interpretation Of u
clause in the Treaty OF Oregon. the treaty
of ls4e, which drew the boundary line be-
tween Vancouvers Island and the American
continent, was referred to the arbitration
>ft tha vhn HoCidod that
the island OF San Juan, the real point in
dispute, belonged to the United States.
1t will be recalled that the Ave arbitrators
under the treaty were to be appointed by
Queen Victoria, the President Of the United
States, the King of Italy. the President Of
the Swiss Confederation and the Emperor
OF Brazil. They were to meet at Geneva
in June, 1872, and both parties bound them
selves in advance to abide by the decision
of the majority. The British arbitrator
was the Lord Chief Justice OF England,
Sir Alexander Cookburn, whose American
sympathes stood at zero and, as our
author recognizes. fortunately for the
peace OF the world and the future Of all
who speak the English language, the Ameri-
can arbitrator was Charles Francis Adams,
who had been Minister OF the United States
In London. III 30 nappon0o CnaV, Deiof0
the arbtrators could meet, a storm swept
over the diplomatic horizon which nearly
prevented them from ever meeting at all,
at least for any useful purpose. 1t had
been arranged that the counter cases Of the
disputants should be lodged by the middle
Of April, 1872, but, as a matter Of fact, tho
American case was published long before,
and became known In England at the begin
ming Of January.
Popular feeling in the United Kingdom
was exasperated to dangerous point when
1t appeared that 'the American agent,
Mr. Bancroft Davis, had not shrunk from
including in his plea, together with much
vituperatve language. the outrageous de-
mand known "a the indirect claims By
these it was sought to fine the people Of the
United Kingdom not merely for the depre-
dations OF the escaped cruisers, but also
for the increased rate OF insurance, the loss
Of profit by transferrence Of American car
goes to British ships and for the whole cost
of the war after the Battle Of Gettysburg"
Mr.. Gladstone, the Prime Minister, COM
n,,ted that II the indirect claims Were