The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-03-20
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0r THE ALABAMA POLYTECnNIo INgT1 would be much greater than if 1t was all put on twenty acres Perhaps some feeders will say that their cattle would not fatten as well if allowed the larger area in which to roam. but I know feeders who prefer a large feed lot to a smaller one. think that some of the readers of this article will say outright that they do not believe Professor Roberts's esti- mate is correct, hence will take no stock in conclusions founded on such data. I will say in reply to such criti- cism that Professor Roberts's estimate is based on the amount of nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash in the yearly excrements of a COW; assigning to each of these plant foods the price which they cost in the form of com mercial fertilizers. Or to state the matter in a different way. Professor Roberts would say that 1t costs $32.2 20 to buy the commercial fertilizers which would contain as much nitrogin, phos- phoric acid and potash as is found in the yearly excrements of a COW. To me. it seems that one of the fol- lowing propositions must be true; either Professor Roberts is mistaken or the feeders are} wasting their manure Dy .tOO Since there are at least 125.000 cat tie being fattened in Texas for an average period of at least three months. the value of their manure. &C., cording to Professor Roberts's esti- mate. is $1.000.00o.
 Preparation and use of Kerosene Emulsion. Franklin Sherman, Entomologist N. C..
 Department Agriculture. Raleigh,
 N. C.
 Kerosene emulsion is one of the most useful remedies against insects. especially those that suck the sap from the plants or blood from animals which they attack and which therefore can not be combatted by the use of stomach poisons like Paris green. On the other hand different plants vary in their ability to withstand the oil. so that care must be used to make the emul- sion strong enough to be fatal to the insects without hurting the plants. The chief insect pests for which it is used are the various species of plant lice or aphids and the scale insects. While the San Jose scale can be very successfully combated by spraying in the winter with the lime e-sulphur-salt wash. vet this material can only be used when trees are dormant and kerosene emul- sion must still be depended upon for summer treatment.
 To be applied to the best advantage the emulsion must be applied with a spray pump. The directions for pre- pairing the emulsion are as follows:
 Shave one-half pound of laundry soap into thin pieces in one gallon of water and bring to boiling heat on the stove to dissolve the soap. Then repour in two gallons of water and churn the whole together violently until thor oughly mixed This is best done by pumping 1t through the pump and back into itself again. This gives three gallons of emulsion, which is 66 per cent oil. but as this Is too strong for most uses, it may be diluted to this table:
 To get 10 per cent oil add IT gallons water.
 To get 15 per cent oil add 10 1-2 gal
 To get 20 per cent oil add gallons water.
 To get 25 per cent oil add gallons | water.
 To get 30 per cent oil add 4 gallons
 water.
 To get 40 per cent oil add 2 gallons
 water.
 To get 50 per cent oil add 1 gallon l water
 ne eIlulSlOn lS IlOb d polSOA anu AS | only fatal to those insects that arc
 wetted by the application, so that | great thoroughness Is needed in mak- | ing the application, so that every in l dividual will be touched On the other | hand. only enough must be applied to | thoroughly wet the insects and the | emulsion must not run down the plant and in at the roots. That is why a reg
 ular spray pump Is so necessary in or | der to make the application so thor | oughly as to reach all the insects with out an excess, which would hurt the l plants.
 Some of the more common trouble some insects for which the kerosene | emulsion may be used are: Cotton Louse-Spray with 15 per
 cent emulsion as soon as they appear
 and before they get scattered through
 out the field.
 Rose Louse-Spray with 15 per cent
 emulsion when they appear.
 Cabbage Louse-Same. before leaves | get curled.
 Green Apple Louse-same as cab' bage louse.
 Woolly Aphis of Apple-Use Is pe cent, or 25 per cent in winter. | Black Aphis of Peach and Plum | Spray with 15 per cent before leaves l get curled.
 l Pea Louse or Aphis-Use emulsion
 at 10 or 15 per cent, or tobacco dust | We have not yet fulley settled thii question.
 San Jose Scale-Spray with 15 pei cent emulsion if treatment Is to b l given while trees are in leaf. But dC not treat when in bloom, or until after
 the fruit is well set after blooming
 The best remedy for this pest Is to us' | lime sulphur salt wash in winter. | Oyster Shell Scale-Spray with 2t per cent emulsion when the young be gin to crawl (about May 1 in mos years).
 scurfy Scale-same as oyster shel | scale.