davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24

~HE death of Gen. Patrick Collins,
late governor of Massachusetts. re-
calls a number of making
epochs. amongst which is one in which
citizens of Los Angeles took a promi-
pent part.
Those who were closely observant of
Mr. Cleveland's first election had no
hesitation in ascrihing that gentleman's
success in that campaign to the late
mayor of Boston. The result depended
on the vote of the Empire state, which
Cleveland carried by the slender plural
ity of eleven hundred and odd-some-
thing of a contrast to the hundred and
ninety-four thousand by which he had
previously been elected governor. A
change of less than six hundred votes
would have given Blaine New York
and the presidency
Unfortunately for the white plumed
knight he was rendered the million
aires banquet and the reception at
which the Rev. DR.. Burchard got off his
famous ALTERATION Of Rum, Roman
ism and Rebellion" which the Asso-
ciated Press at once flashed over the
country. Gen. Collins instantly saw
the Importance of this utterance and
hied him over to New York city, which
contains an enormous Roman Catholic
population. The Sunday succeeding
that speech, which was the Sunday be-
fore the election, Gen. Collins saw to it
that copy of it was found in every
pew of a Roman Catholic church in
New York and Brooklyn. 1t is putting
the case mildly to say that that bigoted
harangue lost Blaine many times the
six hundred votes needed to put him in
the White House.
The election of Mr. Cleveland in the
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24

rarture. These gentlemen put thel:
heads together and concocted letter to
Sir Lionel Sackville- West, who was then
minister from England to the United
States, which precious document was
signed C. F. Murchison. /. The baronet
was told by Murchison that he had
some difficulty in making up his mind
how to vote and that he would be
grateful for any counsel Sir Sackville
might give him in removing his per-
plexities.
SackviIle=West "5it"
The British minister fell readily into
the trap and returned a letter in which
the supposed Mufchison was advised to
support the Democratic ticket on ac-
count of the free trade attitude Of
President Cleveland. 4
The conspirators could hardly credit
their eyes that they had in their possess
sion such a compromising document. A
procession was at once made to the
office of the Los Angeles Times and
Vests letter was given to the public,
with all the display and fanfare with
which we'll appointed newspaper office
could surround it, and it was published
broadcast throughout the United States
and the world
1t might we'll be supposed that this
created a prodigious sensation. Sir
Lionel Sackville- West Immediately be-
came a persona non grata to President
Cleveland, who appreciated the i'm
portance of the episode, and sent the
bungling minister home in disgrace
The court of st. James as consequence
remained unrepresented at Washington
for some time. The pros and cons Of
the matter were discussed at home and
abroad. Many strait-laced people con-
demned the mischievous and joke low
ing Murchison, while others were
amazed that a supposed skillful and ex-
perienced diplomat could be taken in
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24
HER LOVE LETTERS
Self Made Sister Tells Some Things
to George

Self Made Sister Tells Some Things
to George
From the Washington Post.
PART I.
Dear Mr.. Smith: For so I must ever
call you in the future No, George
dearest, after your exhibition of tenn
per last night feel that L cannot trust
my happiness in your hands through
the coming years. but I shall be glad
TO be sister to you and lifelong
friend. Il mean just to you)
1 have made a small package of the
letters you wrote to me and am sending
them by freight, together with your
photograph and ring. Doubtless, Mr.
Smith, you will have no trouble IN
finding a third girl (do you see, de-
ceiver?) to whom to present them. You
will perceive that have met Kitty
Jones and know all. In the future we
must meet as strangers.
With best wishes for your welfare
sincerely,
EITZARETJ BROWN.
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24
Really Discouraainq

It might be discouraging to see our
selves as others see us, but just think
how it would hurt our feelings to hear
about ourselves what others hear about
us.-Puck.
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24
NO COMPARISON

The people that I've smiled with,
wild animals I've fought,
Cigars that have smoked at.
The fish that | have caught
The kings that I've hobnobbed with,
And all the rest, you bet,
Are absolutely nothing to
The shirt-waists / have met.-Life.
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24
ELIZABETH BROWN
PART II.

My Dearest Georges oh. George,
dearest, how could 1 have wronged
you so? Those roses were perfectly
lovely. But, my dear boy, you mustn't
be so extravagant in the future. or
course, you were in the wrong in our
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24
Misery and Happiness

He--"I shall be just miserable when I
have to go away and leave you" ooh!
Jack, if I were sure of that I'd feel so
happy" Life.
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24

OF the 797, ,52s inhabitants of Jamaica at
the end of 1904 only about 10000 were
whites.
Los Angeles herald., 1905-09-24

closing the show for thirty days and
wearing Grape on our arms, but a cir
Gus is not built that way.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
The River Situation.

Since the last issue of the Banner the
losses from overflow in this community
have been great. The two breaks that
have occurred were in private levees.
Mr.. w. E. Ivey has lost the entire crop
on the Island, and MIR. w. G. Burt all
that part of the Gold Point crop in front
OF the State levee. A loss Of several
hundred acres is represented in each
case. Through the united efforts of the
planters throughout the district, it has
been possible to make the new run
around at Honey Grove hold. However,
it has been necessary to make repairs at
that point repeatedly, and break was
much feared.
The river has continued to fall at
Arthur City, Fulton and Spring Bank
during the past three days and is ex-
pected to begin to fall to-day Thursday
at Shreveport. Yesterdays river bulle-
tin is in part as follows:
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
Local and
Personal

Mr.. L. C. Biggs, of Bellevue, mem
Der of the School Board from ward 6,
was in Benton Monday.
The r. ]. Hancock Chapter, U. D. c.,
awarded Crosses of Honor to sixteen
Confederate veterans Saturday.
Mr.. Claud Prothro, who has been a
student at Baylor University, of Waco,
Texas, during the past term, returned
home Monday.
Miss Minnette Drew, of Lewisville,
Ark, who has been here on a visit to
Misses Jessie and Toinette Wyche, re-
turned home last Saturday. ,
Misses Sina and Susie May Dinkins,
of Greenwood, returned home Monday,
after several days pleasantly spent in
Benton with their sister, Miss Anna.
Last Saturday Sheriff J. F. Edwards
made his settlement with the State Aud
itor for tax collections for the month of
May, paying into the State Treasury
$4,628.SS.
Mrs. J. M. Sentell, of "Cairo," re-
turned home one day last week, after
visit of several days at the home OF
her brothe in law, Mr.. N. w. Sentell,
Of Collinsburg.
Mrs. w. D. Lassiter returned home
yesterday afternoon from weeks visit
to Keatchie. Miss Hattie, who has beer
attending the college at that place, also
returned with her mother.
The concert given at the school house
last Friday night by the teachers ant
pupils of the Benton High School was {
decided success. A large crowd wa.
present, including many visitors.
Miss Annie Johnston, of this place
who has been visiting her sister, Mrs
A. D. Calhoun, of Belcher, left Monda.
for Natchitoches, where she will atten'
the summer term of the State Normal
Misses Pearl Dortch, of Taylortown
Bessie Wheless, OF Alden Bridge, an
Octayia Hunter, OF Shreveport, spen
two days in Benton the latter part 9
last week as guests of Miss Mabel Scan
land.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08

Mr.. S. r. Strayhan, OF Alden Bridge,
member of the Police Jury from ward 8,
visited Benton Monday.
Gov. Blanchard has appointed Mai. T.
J. Tidwell a delegate to the Good Roads
Convention at Portland, Oregon.
Miss Mabel Scanland left YESTERDAY
for Mansfield to be present at the clos
ing exercises of Mansfield College.
Miss Lula Wallace, of the Midway
neighborhood, is here as visitor at the
home OF her brother, Mr.. David Wal
lace.
Miss Margaret Murff, of Shreveport,
and her brother Jack and sister Fannie
visited the young "folks'' at Mr.. r. E.
Wyche's Saturday and Sunday.
A baseball game played at this place
last Saturday between the Brushy and
Benton teams resulted in a score Of IL
to 10 in favor of the Brushy boys.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
Subscriptions Paid

The Banner acknowledges receipt and
returns thanks for the following sub
scriptions paid during the month OF May
VIM. Woodland, to April s, 1906, So.
Hon. w. A. Stroud, to Jan. |. 1905, 81.
Mrs. Helen Martin, to Nov. IA, 800, ST.
P. w. Young, to May 26, 1904, 81.
Dave Woodland, to Nov. 6, 1905, 81.
]. N. Birdwell, to April "a, 1905, ST..
]. P. Ivy, to Jan. is, 1905, 81.
Homer Fort, to April is, 1906, 81.
Mrs. A. Abrams, to May 18, 1906, 81.
Priscilla Johnson, to April Is, 1905, ST.
r. E. Lee, to Sept. 1, 1905, Sc.
Brock Tut, to April Z, 1905, 81.
w. T. Norman, to Nov. 8, 19O3, 81.
Step jackson, to Feb. II, 1901, 81.
]. H. Martin, to April 8, 1903, 500.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
Camp Henry Gray.

A meeting of Camp Henry Gray, No.
55t, u. ", was held at Timothy
Church, Webster Parish, on Saturday, J.
June 3. G.. B. Denman and Timothy
Oakley we're elected delegates to the.
reunion at Louisville, and Geo. Taylor
and HI. C. Cochoran alternates; Miss
jamie Butts sponsor and Miss Victoria
Butts maid of honor. Both young ladies'
are the daughters of P. A. Butts, gal
liant Confederate veteran and Quarter
Master of Camp Gray. -
The delegates were instructed to vote
for New Orleans as the place for the
reunion in 1906.
TIMOTHY OAKLEY, Adjutant.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
.|||||||||||| lRIlI| 3

United Confederate Veterans Re-
union, Louisville, KY, June IA to Ii.
Dates of sale, June 10, II, IL and 13; re-
turn limit, June 10. Fare from Benton,
$3.50; from Alden Bridge, S15. 25; from
Hughes Spur, $3.50; from Plain Deal
ing. SIS. Extension Of return limit to
July 10 can be secured by depositing
tickets with joint agent and paying 81
cent fee; joint agent to deposit tickets
with Joseph Richardson, ground floor OF
Clay building, corner Third and Main
Streets, 8 am. to pm., June ID to July
10. The following named lines will sell
tickets for side trips from Louisville at
rate of one fare plus Is cents for the
round trip, June Is, II and Is, good to
return up to July q:
Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern.
Illinois Central.
Louisville and Nashville.
Southern.
These side trip tickets are for sale in
Louisville, KY, only.
SUMNER TOURIST RATEs.-El Dorado
Springs, Hot Springs, Eureka Springs
and Sloan Springs, Ark. Rate, one
first-class fare plus So for the round trip;
dates of sale, June 1 to Sept. 80, good
for thirty days from date of sale; ex-
tension to ninety-days' limit can be
secured by depositing tickets with agent
at destination and paying 50 cent Zee
| International Epworth League Con-
vention, Denver, Col, July 5 to 8. Rate
for the round trip from Benton, S3O. Az;
dates of sale, June 80 to July 4; return
limit, July 16.
Grand Lodge Benevolent and Protec'
tive Order of Elks, at Buffalo, N. =.
July II to Is. Rate, one fare plus 81 to-
the round trip; dates Of sale, July Z, |
and 8; return limit, July 10.
international Society OF Christian
Endeayor, Baltimore, Nd, July to 10
Rate, one fare plus So for the round trip
dates OF sale, July |, 2 and 3; return
limit, July 5 to Is; extension limit, Aug
81, by making payment OF 81 and De
posting ticket with James Bamford
Joint Agent, Baltimore.
National Educational Association, 7
convene at Arbury Park, N. j., July
| to 7. Rate. one first-class fare, plu
| $685., via New York City; dates OF sale
June % to July /, inclusive; return limit
July 8 to 10. Extension of tickets t
Aug. 81 can be secured on payment {
so cents and by depositing same wit
Joint agent at Asbury Park by July 8.
For further particulars as to rates
time, connections, ETC., call at the tlckt
Office. w. P..PoLLARD, Agent.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
Stray Sale.

TSTRAYED before me, J. D. Rogers,
u Justice of Peace, Ward 4, by E. M
Coyle, OF Buckhouse, La, on June s.,
1905, Light Bay Mare Mule, 10 hands.
high, Is years old, no brands; apprais-
ed at $50.
The owner is requested to come for
ward, prove property and pay charges,
or the same will be sold, according to
law, at Carterville. La on Saturday,
July s, 1905. $4,000,
Jun S-iuly8 y. ~. nOJEKNo.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08

TnCT A Mortgage Note, dated
4OO I Jan. Is, 1904, by John
Alexander, in fovor Of Loye McDade,
due Dec. /, 1904, bearing 8 per cent IN
terest, and which had been transferred
to myself. All parties are hereby noti-
fed not to trade for same.
C. w. EDWARDS.
Hauchton, La, April %, 1905. lo-et
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08

LOST-A female pointer pup, liver
colered head and ears, fea-bitten spots
On tody, about two months old. A lib
eral reward will be paid for her return
to me, or for information leading to her
recovery.-W. D. Lassiter, Benton, La.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08

Am agent for the Excelsior Laundry,
of Shreveport. Bring your soiled linen
in every week. Basket sent out Wednes-
DAYS, returned Saturdays.-H. v. Miers.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
For Sale.

A GOOD broom dwelling house, well
"A finished and painted, in Benton,
and less than quarter OF mile from
the court house. Well and other nee
essary improvements on premises.
Address LII. MARTIN, Dixie, La.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
VIII Cure Consumption.

A. a. Herren, Finch, Ark, writes: "Foley's
Honey and tar is the best preparation for coughs,
colds and lung trouble, l know that it has cured
Consumption in the first stages" You never
heard OF any one using Foley's Honey ana Tar
and not being satisfied Benton Mercantile Co.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08

DR.. Geo. A. Harper, Dentist, rooms
312-13.t4 First National Bank building,
Shreveport. New phone, 237. Hours
am. to IL m. and to pm.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
Concord School.

Rev. j. A. Afford filled his regular
appointment at Concord Sunday and
Sunday night.
Mrs. G. B. Wilson, of this place, Wis
tied her son, Mr.. J. S. Wilson, of Ivan,
Sunday.
Mr.. Jim Bass, of Alden Bridge, is
visiting his mother.
Mr.. Charlie Oglesby, of Pecan Point,
is the guest of his parents, who live at
Rocky Mount.
Miss Minnie Hoffpauir, of Clinton,
La, is visiting her parants, Mr.. and Mrs.
F. Hoffpauir.
Mr.. Jessie Gooden, of Ivan, is visiting
his sister, Mrs. jeff Fletcher.
Emma.
There was good attendance at the
Sunday School on the 4th instant.
Mr.. S. p. Johnston spent Sunday in
Plain Dealing, as the guest Of Mr.. w. j.
Johnston.
i Miss Bessie Cole is much improved,
after an illness of several days.
Mr.. Frank Stroud spent Saturday
night and Sunday in Plain Dealing.
/ y Mr.. and Mrs. Giles and Mrs. S. p
Johnston and children, visited Mrs. ]. M
Cole Sunday.
The singing at Mr.. D. II. Coles Sun
day afternoon was very much enjoyed by
the young people of Emma and vicinity
4 Mr.. j. F. Bass spent Sunday at the
home of his parents, near Rocky Mount
q June 5, 1905. VIOLET.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
To the Public.

A FL persons are hereby notified that
n will prosecute to the fullest ex-
tent Of the law any one caught hunting
or otherwise trespassing on the Bixler
place, in ward 4. -
feb2-6m j. ID. WAGGONEh.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08
THESE ARE A FEW EXAMPLES, not excep
u lions of what this GREAT sale offers:

tons, OF What this great sale Offers:
Pearl Buttons the Dozen sale price -- I cent
Embroideries and nng sale l2 cents
Cases, Sc AZ, sale price ~-- - b cents
Handkerchief sale price cents
Fringed Towels x28 inches each, sale cents
India Lawns, worth 10 cents, sale price - cents
Staple Calicoes, sale price - IL Genus
Figured Scotch Lawns sale price, --'S Genus
Good Table Oil Cloth, sale - - - 10 Genus
{ aenrice
worth 1 sale 0S cents
Books, ST, sale price 70 cents
40 sale price % cents
Silk worth 81 So sale SS cents
Eamin worth IS cents. sale 80 cents
black and white worth S 10 cents
Covers worth 20 sale cents
Kimonas, worth SIZE sale price 81 cents
Ladies, White Suits worth $2 sale 81 do
Cases. $780, price So 40
All goods marked in plain figures.
Square Deal to All We will cheeruly exchange
money for article bought
during this sale proving entirely satisfactory
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08

STATEMENT

OF condition of affairs Of the Bank of
Benton at close. Of business, May %,
1905: o,,.,o,,,
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08

A rise is indicated thus =, and fall
thus ~.
Fall will probably continue at Fulton
during next forty eight hours.
Fall will probably commence at
Shreveport within next forty eight
hours, with favorable weather, though
a further rise of i Of foot is possible
during next twenty four hours.
]. w. CRoNK, Observer.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1905-06-08

%10O 600 WORTH of high-grade Merchandise
s. to be distributed into the homes of
the people by The Dreyfuss Dry
Goods Company, Shreveports Greatest Merchants in
ten days, beginning Wednesday, June IA, at 8 am
Daring Feats of Underselling
To Dazzle and Delight You!
deal merchandise than
will tenys of the greatest UNDER
section of the country
the people for ten days This
100
the largest sale that attempted Louisiana It
going beginning Wednesday, June a. at
building earrange and remark immense
at o'clock
The magnificent myriads mysng bargains
gathered wonders that begga
be without parallel Below
YOU few included
The Topeka state journal., 1905-12-09
SEASON OPENS TONIGHT
Big Basket BAH Tournament With
Fort Scott at Auditorium.

The Topeka basket ball season will
open tonight at the Auditorium with a
tournament between the girls of the
Topeka High schoil and the girls OF
the Fort Scott High school, followed
by a game between the boys, teams Of
the two institutions. f5s.s ha
A great deal of interest is attached
to the games, for last year the girls
of the Fort Scott school triumphed
twice over the Topeka lassies. The
first game was played in Fort Scott
and the score was 80 to q. The sec
ond game took place in Topeka and
the Scottites again romped off with
the victory by the narrow margin Of
one point the score being Is to Is.
The boys of the two institutions
have never played basket ball, though
they have long been football rivals,
playing their Thanksgiving game an
nually with each other.
The games will be played on the fiat
square on the main floor of the Audi
toriurn and will commence promptly
at S:15 O'Clock. The girls will play
One-half of their game first. The boys
will then play the first half of their
contest. By thus sandwiching the
halves the players are given an oppor-
tunity to rest.
and Mr.. Steves of Topeka, umpire.
For the boys game, Mr.. Gordon of
Fort Scott will referee and Mr.. Steves
of Topeka, umpire.
The girls teams are as follows:
Fort Scott-Forwards BolIiver, Nc
Collough, Hart; center. Souter, Hud-
son (captain), Asher; gaurds, Hughes,
Myers, Lewis.
Topeka-Fo Forwards, Elmore, Corbet
Cav; guards, Miller (captain), West;
T-.s1 11l,4T
The line up of the Topeka boys fol-
lows: Forwards, Coblentz, Ritchie;
center, Thayer; guards, Reed, Ruth.
Substitutes, Campbell, Mooney. Cap
tain Cain is out of the line up because
of an injury. Ritchie is playing his
place.
The line up of the Fort Scott boys
team was not furnished to the Topeka
school. Both of the visiting teams ar
rived today at noon. They will return
home on Sunday.
More than 1000 tickets have been
sold for the game tonight by the High
school students. A plan was adopted
by which the class selling the largest
amount of tickets was awarded the
best reserved space in the house.
AS an additional entertainment to-
night a relay race will be run between
the sub-junior boys and the senior
boys. The High school orchestra. will
furnish part Of the programme:
The schedules for the High school
basket ball teams have not yet been
entirely completed. The boys are
planning to play Holtop, WashburR,
the Kansas university freshmen, Lin
coin, Kansas City Central and Manual,
and possibly some other high schools
in the state. No schedule at all has
been mapped out for the girls as vet.
Several more double tournaments will
however, be held in the Auditorium
this winter.
The Topeka state journal., 1905-12-09
MANY ARE TOO OLD.
Secretary Hitchcock Complains of the
Employees in His Department.

Washington, Dec. ETHAN A.
Hitchcock, the secretary Of the in
terror, says in his annual report that
during the period covered by the re-
port the public business. has been
promptly dispatched and the work of
the several bureaus and Offices is in
a most satisfactory condition. There
has, however, been no diminution in
the volume Of work coming into the
department, and it is due solely to
the commendable interest and earnest
efforts of the officers and employees
that business has been peditiously
handled.
It has been the policy of the de-
partment to select persons for em-
ployment therein of ability and integ-
rity, and to insist upon the strict per-
formanee of the duties assigned them.
Many branches of the service. how
ever, have suffered by reason of the
growing incapacity of some of the
clerical force, for which there is no
adequate remedy without doing injus-
tice in many cases. The number of
employees of the department in Wash
tngton July 1, 1908, aggregated 4,166,
of which number 75S were between
90 and SO years of age,g and $40 so
years and over. The total number
of employees of the department. Juiys1 1,
1905, was 4,OS2. So
The Pension Employees ,6S4.
The most recent census among the
bureaus and Offices of the department
is that taken in the pension Office
which shows a total Of 1854 employees.
OF this number there are SIS more
than SO years, the average age of all
being so years and months. This
average, however. will doubtless be
less at this time in other branches of
the service. Some provision should
be made to meet existing conditions,
and this can be effected by the pass
age of law providing for the re-
t1rement from duty, under suitable
ployes.
The Topeka state journal., 1905-12-09
mo" BILL FOR LAWSON
Grand Jury Fails to Return an In.
dictment Against Him.

Boston, Dec. 9-The Suffolk county
grand jury failed today to return. an
indictment against Thomas w. Lawson,
who had been held for that body by
the municipal court on the charge of
criminal libel. The charges were pre-
ferred by Clarence W. Barron, proprie-
tor of the Boston News bureau. A i'no'
bill was reported by the jurors The
grand jury returned no indictment
against Mr.. Barron, against whom it
was understood Mr.. Lawson had offer-
ed evidence before the grand jury in
connection with a criminal libel com
plant. The action OF the jury puts an
end to the controversy between Messrs.
Lawson and Barron so far as the crirni-
nal courts are concerned. Mr.. Barron S
charges were based upon an article re-
ferring to him published In a maya
zine and alleged to have been written
by Mr.. Lawson.
Mr.. Lawson's complaint was found
ed upon statements in Mr.. Barron's
newspaper.