davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
YELLOWSTONE BUFFALoEs.
Herd Started by the National Govern
ment Increasing Rapidly and
Doing Finely.

'"The buffalo herd in Yellowstone
park, started by the United States
government and during the past few
years very carefully watched to pre-.
vent the death of the young is in-
creasing rapidly and will this year
number between 20 and Is more anil
mails than a year ago at this time,''
states G. 3. Farrow, superintendent OF
Yellowstone Park hotels. "The herd
is in excellent condition. It has win
tered we'll and the calves are growing
fast and appear to be sound and
strong. 1t has been the wish of the
government officers to increase the.
herd until 1t resembles the old-time
herds which covered the western
prairies. The experiment of propagat-
ing the animals is definitely success
and the army officers, upon whom the
work has largely devolved, are corre-
spondingly pleased. Maj Pitcher OF
the United States army, represents the.
government in the park and is prac-
tically and officially the custodian Of
the herd.
There is every promise that the
natural increase of the herd will add
20 more animals this summer. The
buffalo calves of last year survived
remarkably well and there is no rea-
son why the calves this year should not
meet equal success. The buffalo don't
need to struggle for living. Feed is
good, the valleys give them splendid
shelter and they have the pick of graz
ing lands over which to roam.
"The other wild animals in the
Yellowstone are increasing in num-
Der. Elk and deer came down to the
Mammoth Hot Springs this winter in
large numbers and roamed around
within plain sight. The deep SHOWS
on the mountains forced them to
lower attitudes. They didn't seem to
mind the snow or cold and appeared
to be in the very best of shape. The
bears are Of course asleep. They in
crease yearly and are one Of the first
attractions to the tourists, since they
do not hesitate to come into the open
where they may be seen. They are
mild hammered and inoffensive, bother
more with designs on the hotel gar
bage piles than with hostile opera
tons against mere men and women.
The garbage piles attract them every
night and they fight and quarrel and
talk bear politics over the empty
canned goods tins to the amusement
of thousands of people who annually
witness the banquets down at, the
dump"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

7 I. = 4ll u
If the log is large in diametS " ~
some process is again repeated 81. ~
of the two remaining triangulat "A
lions, each being again cut in twoy "a
halves-always radially-and A
boards are cut from each of the q
sawed sides of each section, as in t. Y
short section of a larger log, shown I'D
Fig. s.
Should the log be OF such diameter ash
to allow it, the four remaining thinN
triangular sections will again be halved
radially, as shown in the upper left-hand
corner of Fig. 5. The boards, however,
as will be seen, become narrower each
time the triangular section is sawed
into two equal parts and their CONNER
cial value decreases greatly when UNI
der six inches in width. The first of the
two boards cut each time will be radial
and almost exactly in line with the silver
glints of the medullary rays.
These will be AL in quality and in
figure. The second boards will be moro
or less out of line with regard to the
medullary rays, and will show the sill
yer glints narrower, but in more often
recurring numbers, and for many pur-
poses, especially for small or narrow
pieces, these second boards will show
more beautiful figure, although
smaller, than the first. The first board.
with its large glints, is the finest wood
for large surfaces, such as the tops of
tables, large panels and drawer fronts.
Figs. 4 and 5 will explain why
'quarter-sawed boards are more expen-
sive than the common sawed lumber
shown in Fig. 2, requiring as it does
more time and labor and being more
wasteful of the wood The last thin
triangular pieces of all are usually sawed
into squares of various sizes as Indicated
in the lower right hand corner OF Fig.
B. which are used for table legs, stair
banisters, and other purposes. This
again involves labor, and there is still
much waste as compared with the com
mon method of plain saving as shown
in Fig. 2.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
firm under the cutting edge Of the tool

hrm under the cutting edge Of the tool
than pine.
The sapwood, OF the outer edge Of the
board, is nearly white, while the heart
wood is usually of brownish yellow
color. Poplar is more readily affected
by the moisture or dryness of the at
mosphere than pine, but takes the vari-
Gus stains in imitation of walnut, ma
hogany and other expensive woods bet
ter than pine.
Eastwood is also good wood for the
beginner to use. 1t is light, soft, close
grained and very easily worked. 1t has
the advantage over pine and poplar OF
being quite tough, bends easily, and is
not so liable to split in mailing. Like
poplar, the sapwood is nearly white,
but the heartwood is of a very light
brown color.
Yellow poplar and Eastwood must not
be confused with the so-called white
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

FIG. Z.

only differs from that Of another but
the boards cut from the first or lower
log of tree often differ very much
from those cut from log taken from the
upper part of the same tree. The sap
wood differs from the heartwood and
the wood of the quickly growing tree
of the field or open from that of the
mature tree of the forest
The builder needs lumber in large
quantities and of large dimensions, and
puts comparatively little work on the
wood used, and for him the lighter and
softer woods are usually the best
The cabinet maker, on the contrary,
puts a great amount of work on the
wood he uses, and requires that which
is hard and strong, with grain of more
or less beauty which will take fine.
smooth finish.
Mahogany, walnut, oak, sycamore,
cherry and maple are among the most
desirable woods for this purpose
For our use in the beginning of our
practice it will be we'll and more help
full as a means of gaining experience
ing in the softer woods, such as white
pine, yellow poplar, Eastwood, redwood
Dr. other easily cut wood.
| While small and useful articles are
seldom made from any of these woods,
1t will be better to practice with the
saw, the chisel and the plane on such
material until some degree of proficiency
is gained in their use than to attempt
the use of any of the harder woods at
first, and only succeed in doing the work
badly.
I White pine is the ideal wood for this
purpose, having clear, firm. straight
grain, and being soft and light it works
smoothly and easily, affording a good
medium on which to practice and ac-
quire skill in the art of woodworking.
Yellow poplar may also be used to adj
| vantage, being slightly harder and more
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
OPPORTUNITIES at oacon,a. S. 10.

The town of Oacoma, Lyman county,
South Dakota, is located on the west
bank of the Missouri river, opposite
Chamberlain. With the completion of
the Lyman county extension of the
Chicago, Milwaukee & st. Paul railway
Oacoma will become the distributing
and shipping point for a populous and
productive area larger than the state
of Vermont. The townsite is beautiful,
we'll drained, has the advantage of rail
way and steamboat transportation and
is bound to become one of the most
important trade centers of South Da-
kota.
About June / there will be sale of
town lots offering excellent opportuni-
ties for profitable investment. Business
men who are seeking good locations
for mercantile enterprises will do we'll
to identify themselves with Oacoma.
Watch for dates of excursions for the
sale Of Oacoma town lots.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

sue extending radially from the pith
toward the bark. These are called pith
rays, or medullary rays, Cabinet
makers speak of these rays as the
lights, or silver grain, of the wood.
In some woods, as oak and sycamore,
they are large, while in maple, cherry
and beech they are small, and in many
woods these silver grains are too small
to be seen with the naked eye.
This brief study of the log brings us
to a practical application of this knowl-
edge in, the cutting or saving of the
log into boards and plank. The COM
mon method is to slightly fiatten, or
slab, the log on it's under and upper
sides, and then to saw it through and
through into boards, as shown in Fig. Q.
Pine, poplar, Eastwood and, indeed, all
our common sawed boards and planks
are cut in this way.
Quarter Saving.
II, however, we wish to show the
beautiful silver grains formed by the
medullary rays, such as are seen in
quartered oak or quartered sycamore,
the log must be quartered-sawe that
is, the log is first sawed into quarters
directly through the heart or pith, as
shown in Fig. 8.
These four quarters or sections are
always very unequal in size, as the heart
or pith is seldom, if ever, in the CEN
ter of the tree, for the reason that the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

WOOD or cottonwood which, although
light, soft and close grained, is SO east
ly affected by the moisture and dryness
of the surrounding air, and warps and
winds to such degree, even while be-
ing worked, as to be almost useless for
our work, and indeed for almost all me-
chanical purposes. 1t is, however, much
used for small, light boxes, cutter
dishes, and also for paper pulp.
Structure Of Woods.
While it is not our intention, in a
series of practical articles on wood
working, to enter into discussion of the
structure and growth of the timber out
of which our lumber and boards of diff
ferent sizes are cut, yet few remarks
on the manner in which the logs are
sawed and the advantage of each method
will be necessary to an intelligent I'M
derstanding of the principles which I'M
derlie the use of woods in the construc-
tive, useful and ornamental arts.
For this purpose it will be necessary
to examine a cross section cut from a
small tree or branch, as shown in Fig. /.
1t will be seen that the center is occu-
pied by the pith, which is composed
almost entirely of cellular tissue, and
around which we find a succession OF
woody rings, each ring representing one
years growth, or the yearly addition
to the diameter of the tree.
On the outside of the annual rings Of
wood we find the bark, which is COM
posed mostly of long, fibrous tissue.
A further examination will also show
series Of vertical walls of cellular tis-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

Brush Creek, May 19.-Chas. Allen
ard sister Goldie, VIM. Proctor. Fred
odenbaugh, c. Smith and children
went to Ottumwa Friday to see the
circus.
A. Allen spent Sunday at the Geo.
Bedwell home.
Dora the little daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. c. Smith, is very sick.
Jess Bennett and family spent Sun
day at c. Nute's.
Mrs Sarah owen and daughter,
Mrs. T. o. Howk, spent Monday with
relatives near Ormanville.
Leslie Owen visited Sunday with
his mother.
Ethel Owen called on her sister,
Mrs. 7. o. Howk, Sunday morning.
There will be preaching at the
Methodist Protestant church Sunday
at II a. m. Everybody is invited
Laura Arnold called on Ethel Oden-
baugh Wednesday afternoon.
Proctor was called to Bloomfield
Wednesday on business
Nettie Mute, who has been quite
sick the last week, is some better.
Mrs. Loren Shields and children
spent Wednesday at C. Smiths.
Vida Proctor and Ethel Mute spent
Monday afternoon at the Rheinhard
home.
Ella and Ethel Proctor attended
Sunday school at Hopewell Sunday.
Mrs. A. Proctor and baby and Mrs.
]. Arnold spent Wednesday afternoon
with Mrs. Odensaugh.
Freddie Proctor attended Sunday
school at Hopewell Sunday.
Mrs. c. Koontz is staying with her
daughter Mrs w. Wilson, is Blakes-
burg.
Mary Roberts of Ashgrove, is stay
ing with her sister, Mrs. B. F. Elem
ing.
John Allen attended the big show in
Ottumwa Friday night.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arnold and daughter
Laura visited at the Jake Baker home
Sunday
Nettie Mute returned home Friday
from a visit with her sister, Mrs. Liz
zie Bennett, Of Butler
Little Bertha Fleming has been Wis
iting with relatives near Ashgrove.
Mrs. B. Fleming is quite sick.
| Mrs. c. Mute called at the home Of
G. Smith recently.
Nita Proctor was the guest of Mae
Smith Sunday.
Myrtle Kirshner entertained Vida
Proctor Sunday.
B. Fleming and family visited at the
Laris Hunter home last Wednesday
evening.
Ethel Owen visited the "Iindoo''
school Thursday.
Prosperity may be heavens way of
| Furnishing some people.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
Lady Churchwardens.

The parish of Great Staughton, In
Hunts is probably unique in the pos
session of two lady churchwardens.
Both ladies have served in this capacity
for several years, and no candidate Of
either sex has been found to oppose
them. They do not collect the offerings
in person, delegating this Office to Sides.
men, but they are assiduous in their
church duties. In the same village a
girl acts as postman and a woman is
often employed as telegraph messenger.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
ELECT BOARD OF FIVE BISHOPS
United Brethren Conference Votes for
Union

United Brethren Conference Votes for
Union.
Topeka, Kans., May 10. The
United Brethren general conference
elected a board of five bishops. The
old members elected were: DR.. G. M.
Matthews of Chicago and J. S. Mills
Of Annville, Pa, The new bishops are
DR.. VIM. Weakley and DR.. w. M. Bell
of Dayton, DR.. T. G.. Carter of Chatta-
nooga, Tenn. Dr.. Funk of Dayton, o.,
was elected church publishing agent.
The general conference last night
voted for union with the Congrega-
tional and Methodist Protestant
churches. A hard fight was made on
the adoption of the syllabus. Oppon-
ents of the plan urged that its adop-
ton would cause the United Brethren
church to lose its identity and pre-
dicted that in case the merger were
made the federation would finally be
named Congregational It's friends de-
clared the syllabus does not provide
for an organic union of the three
churches but only for closer fedora
ton. Only eight negative votes were
recorded. Many delegates explained,
however, that they were voting for the
adoption Of the syllabus, not for or
ganic union.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

warmth and light of the sun cause the
annual rings to grow thicker or wider
on thesside most exposed to it's rays.
The log having been quartered as
shown in Fig. 8, two boards are cut from
each of the two radial sides of each
quarter, as shown in Fig. 4.
The remaining triangular section is
now halved or sawed in two equal pieces,
but always radially, or in direct line
with the medullary rays, and two boards
are sawed from the radial side only OF
each piece, as indicated in the draw
ing. Gig. A.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
Lover in a Dilemma

young man." said the stern parent,
you have been making love to my
daughter!"
Eyes, sir" admitted the trembling
wretch; "but indeed didn't mean it,
sir l."
Didn't mean it? Why, you scoun-
drel!"
THAT is-er-that is, sir, do mean
it. love her devot-"
What? You presumptuous upstart,
how dare you!"-Chicago Journal.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
FIG. L

direction of his work, whether teacher
or parent, the wish is to begin at once
to make some desired article. Such a
course cannot be successful, for the
training of the hands for manual work,
as the training of the mind in mental
and cultural education, must begin with
the rudiments, and be carried on pro-
gressively until the mind and hands
become familiarized with the various
processes necessary for constructive
work.
Hence, in series OF elementary and
progressive articles on woodworking
such as these will be, we must insist
that each tool taken up and each step
given In its use be followed out patient
ly and persistently until the work ac-
complished is at least fairly well done.
While the instructions and directions
given will be especially designed for the
young, we hope that, while making them
exceedingly simple and plain, they will
prove to be so broad as also to interest
parents and others in this attractive
work.
Woods.
While wood is the most plentiful,
widely useful and also the most general
ly used of all constructive materials,
it Is doubtful If there is any other OF
which so little is known practically re-
garding its structure and the adapta-
bility of different kinds of woods to diff
ferent purposes. Wood of one kind not
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
A LESSON IN
MANUAL TRAINING
PRACTICAL POINTS FOR BOYS
WITH AMBITION AND
GENIUS.

First Article on Woodworking-Be-
ginner Should Start on Soft Woods
characteristics Of Different
Woods-Practice with Tools Need
ed Before Making Things-Meth-
DDS of Saving Logs.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
On the Defensive

Mrs. White-What are you going to
wear to the inaugural ball?
Mrs. Black-I'm having net gown
covered with cut steel spikes. It's. tie
latest fad for crush entertainments
Detroit Free Press.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

There is no reason why you
shouldn't have just as much foot COM
fort in hot weather IS at any other
time in the year. Try pair q our
oxfords fer ease, quality and dura-
bility.. They are up to the minute in
style. Church Shoe Co., 62S Church
street.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

Misses Ida and Artie Smith who re-
SIDE on Moore street, returned from
Hedrick last evening where they at
tended the Smith-Shaw wedding.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

Mrs. Frank Clark, 1Os South Adella
street, left on Burlington No. 9, yes
terday for Chillicothe where she will
visit with her mother, Mrs. J. Pierce.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

Mr.. and Mrs. ]. T. Smith and daugh-
tiers, Misses Lora, Ruth and Marguer-
lite, 3O4 Hamilton street, returned yes
terday from Hedrick where they at
tended the Smith-Shaw wedding.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
eoUTH SIDE NEWS.

From Fridays Daily.
Born yesterday to Mr. and Mrs. Will
Hennes Of Queen Ann avenue,a daugh-
ter.
Charles Lenhart, who has been i'll
at the hospital for the past five
months is not much improved.
We carry in stock more kinds of
screen doors than any hardware firm
in the city. Harper & McIntire Co.
Mrs. George Duke and family, who
reside on Wabash avenue are moving
to Drakeville, where they will make
their future home.
Rev. Father Joseph McCarville Of
Armah, visited with Rev. Father
]. 9. White, pastor Of st. Patrick's
Catholic church, yesterday.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20

Prosperity may be heavens way OF
Furnishing some people.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1905-05-20
BRUSH CREEK.

Brush Creek, May 1s.-Chas. Allen
ard sister Goldie, VIM. Proctor, Fred
Odenbaugh, c. Smith and children
went to Ottumwa Friday to see the
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-19

~HoRSERADlSH

Late Fall Operatfons- PrepartMw
Roots For saIe-MakinK Cuttings.
Horseradish Is grown from sets or
cuttings planted In the spring in rows
two aud a half to three feet apart.
Some gardeners usually plant between
rows OF early beets and cabbage. |
should prefer planting by itself il pos,
sible, as better care can be given ear
Her In the season. The soil should be
just what you would select for good
parsnips or carrots-a deep mellow soil,
fairly we'll enriched with good stable
manure plowed In.
The sets are the side roots of the
plant, usually from the size of a lead
pencil up to nearly as large again.
These are cut In lengths of about Ave
to six inches. and as the root is of near
" If o quite uniform size the smaller
or lower end is sharpened by a slanting
cut. This end is put down in planting.
A small iron bar Is generally used
making the hole, about one and a half
to two inches deeper than the cuttings,
the crown OF which should be one and
a half 20 two inches below the surface.
Cultivate and hoe often as o o as
the rows can be seen through. A gooC
fertilizer of s TO 10 per cent OF potash,
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-19

The library Of the Northern Normal
Industrial school at Aberdeen has been
enriched by gifts of number Of valu-
able books. Among the humble, is q
copy from Senator Kittredge Of
Thomas Jefferson's Bible" or "The
Life and Morals Of Jesus of Nazareth"
arranged by the third president Of the
United States and now being printed by
the government. Attorney Ira o. Cur
tiss has also given the school some
very valuable books among the number
being Every Man His Own Lawyer"
printed in England in 1857; Private
Laws Of Connecticut" 1857; "Code Of
louisiana" 1888 and Clancey's Rights
Of Married Woman" 1923.
Wanted In.
The Eureka Blade lays this story to a
South Dakota preacher. It was about a
certain church that was very exclusive,
having well-to-do and aristocratic
members. A poor young man applied
for membership and they didn't want
him. They hardly liked to turn him
down, 90 requested him to take it to.
the Lord in prayer and come again. In
|about two months he showed up again.
They asked him II be had taken it to
the Lord and he said he had. They
questioned him = 10 what reply, II
any. he had received, and he replied a
follows: "The Lord told me mo- to get
Discouraged. He said he had been
ltrying 70 set into that church for
stverai years, bat hAd not succeeded.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1905-01-19

Z to s available phosphoric acid and 4
per cent of ammonia scattered along
the rows and hoed in at the second
hoeing will greatly improve the
The roots are dug the first season
late in the fall and pitted for winter
and early spring sales. The side roots
should be removed and cut In lengths
of FIVE to six inches for planting. This
can be lone in the fall before the roots
are buried for winter. The cuttings
can be tied in punches and buried until
spring, as frost does not injure them.
TLey may be planted as early in spring
as the ground can be worked. The
roots are generally washed.
The figure shows a small root taken
from the ground last spring to show
how the side roots appear. These side
roots are often one to one and a half
feet in length. and, think, sometimes
more. If the main roots are well grown
and trimmed they appear something
like a barrel Of small parsnips in mar
ket, says a Rural New Yorker CORE
spondent.