The Birmingham age-herald., 1905-08-19
Superintendent of Schools Re-
 grets Saratoga Incident
UNWISE NEGRO LEADERS
Social Laws of the South Should Be Respected-Deep Racial Prejudices. Southern Opinion Needs
 to Be Tolerant.


 he could not fail to regret incidents like the one reported recently from Saratoga where prominent negro leader and edu- cator of Alabama had publicly beeen en- | tertained by white persons who hold high social position at the north.
 No little interest inheres to this stat ment of Dr. Phillips by reason of the fact that, though a native of Kentucky, he Is a graduate of a northern universi- ty and understands the northern view point on the race question, and by req son of another fact also, namely that among persons engaged in educational work, north as well as south, Dr. Phil lips has taken and held high rank.
 Eight years ago, before the dark in cident in the White House." stirred up unhappy friction throughoLt the coun-. try, Dr. Phillips read before the Southern Educational association at Hot Springs, Ark, a paper in which he took occasion to discuss the subject, White Teachers in Colored (negro) Schools" In that pa per. which awakened deep and widespread interest, Dr. Phillips pointed out that 'ths vital principle involved was primarily that of co-ordination-not of text books and currlcula--but rather of the teacher with the child"
 When" said he on that occasion, i've impose upon the child relation so in- ccngruous. physically, intellectually and morally. we violate a primary law of nature as well as an established pedagog- ical principle. | Novel as the state ment may appear, I confidently hold that no white teacher is competent to teach negro children. We must remember that for the teacher there are conditions and qualifications antecedent to scholarship and tests more important than the uni form state examination.
 "In conclusion" said Dr. Phillips, "'et me briefly summarize the argument for employing negro teachers in negro schools:
 '1. The educational development of the negro must be from within, and by the race itself, and not solely through ex- tIaneous agencies.
 ''2 The intellectual and moral depend ence of the race should not be perptuated. The negro needs to be stimulated to in- dependent activity.
 '3 As a teacher of his race the negro occupies a position of trust and honor, which he needs to quicken his sense of rasponsibility, and to furnish him the incentives and the means for race eleva- ton.
 "A. The teacher and the pupil must pos
 xrh G. toric processes have c,mmon clements resulting in common intuitions The teacher must embody in his character the race epochs and processes represented in the child.
 ''5. The instinct of race identity renders impossible the realization of an ideal re- lation between the white teacher and the negro pupil. The teacher and the chiid must be -ordinated.p
 In commenting yesterday on the sara toea incident Dr. Phillips, either eonsci- ously or unconsciously, harked back 10 the ideas enforced in the foregoing ex- cerpts made from the address delivered by him eight years ago.
 .~rhe factors involved in the solution of this race problem" said Dr. Phillips vesterday. 'are not exclusively legal. By that. mean that we cannot solve the negro problem wisely by stressng, as our northern countrymen are too likely 10 stress, the purely legal aspects of the case. There is of course, no legislative enactment that prohibits an American citizen from entertaining, or being en- tertained by, any other citizen, irrespec- five of race. color, or former condition of servitude.' But there are certain deep, ineffaceable, unchangeable and unalter- | able laws of human nature--human preJu- dice if you please-that emphatically dis courage any effort that contemplates the i social interminging of the Caucasian and African races. By this do not intend to imply that the two races, in order to keep intact their distinctive racial ideals, need to regard one another in a spirit of l venRefulness, hatefulness or suspicion. believed and the inter-relations of whites and negroes in the southern states strengthen this belief, that the two races can, with perfect reciprocal anity and good will, develop separately in all social ways. I am convinced that the welfare | of both races-of the negro as well as the white-reouires that certain well-defined characteristics and deep-seated prejudicies be respected, the one race by the other. | These prejudicies--I frankly call them prejudicies though In reality they ahe | merely the outward manifestation of in- eradicable psychological and temperamen- l tai racial characteristics-are, at bottom. l founded in reason, in justice and in laws that antedate and overshadow and out weight all man-made legislative enact ments.
 "All philosophies, all religions, all po- l litical and social orders," continued Dr. Phillips. "are founded in ultilitarian pur- poses. The Koran forbids the use of in- toxicating liquors, and 1t forbids the use | not for the reason that there is intrin- | sically anything sinful or damning in the | process of fermentation, but for the req son that to drink alcohol in oriental coun- tries means death. Christian nations for bid intermarrage between closely related | kinspeople, and they forbid it not because the religious ceremony in such cases may not sanctfy the relation. but because such
 marital alliances produce human beings that are weaiminded and unable to make their way in the world
 .sIt is In obedience-perhaps unconscious i obedience--to the supreme natural law
 that members of the white race insist | ,oo,, booming in the bars against the ne-