Waterbury evening Democrat., 1905-07-01
HISTORY OF ODESSA.
Scene of Outbreak Is Russia's
 Fourth City.
A GREAT CENTER OF COMMERCE.

1 Connected With Exporting. Ship
 ping and Manufacture-The City Il Built on High Terrace, Whicl Descends by Steep CraEs to the Sea Odessa, the scene of the recent out break in Russia is an unfortified city It is the most important point on tht Black sea and in population and com merce the fourth city of Russia, sur passed only by St. Petersburg, Mos COW and Warsaw, says the 'Philadel phia Public Ledger It has communi cation by regular steamship lines with the chief ports of Europe and by raj westward to Europe and eastward to
 Asia. The population is about 60OO00 of whom only about one third are Rus.
 sians. Probably no city of the world
 Is more cosmopolitan. Representa-.
 tives of the scores of races of central
 and southern Europe, of the Transcau
 casian regions and of Asia are there in
 numbers, together with small colonies
 of Europeans of all nationalities and
 a number of Americans. The Euro.
 peans and Americans are, as rule,
 connected with the various consulates
 or with foreign firms, which are repre-.
 scented in Odessa by upward of a hun.
 dred agencies.
 The city is situated on the southern
 shore of a semicircular bay at the
 northwestern angle of the Black sea
 and is 933 miles distant from Moscow
 and 403 miles from Kiev. It's com
 mercial importance comes from the
 fact that 1t receives the internal com
 merce that seeks outlet via the Black
 sea from the regions traversed by two
 great rivers, the Dnieper, with trib-
 utary. the Bug, and the Dniester. The
 bay of Odessa, which has an area of
 fourteen square miles and a depth of
 thirty feet, with soft bottom, Is a
 dangerous anchorage on account of its
 exposure to easterly winds. Shipping
 lies, therefore in two harbors. both pro- tected by notes.-the quarantine har-
 bor," from four to twenty-one feet deep. and the so called practical harbor
 for coasting vessels. with maximum depth of eleven feet. It Is from an anchorage in the former that the guns of the Kniaz Potemkine look out over the city. The city Is built on a ter race from 100 to 15O feet in height, which descends by steep crags to the sea. and on the other side is contlnu- ous with the level of the steppe.
 The general aspect of Odessa is that of a wealthy west European city. It's chief embankment, bordered with tall and handsome houses, forms a fine promenade; superb flight of steps descends to the sea from it's central square. which is adorned with a statue of Richelieu. A cathedral, finished in 1S49, other ecclesiastical and public structures, public parks. etc, add beauty and dignity to many sections of the city. Various suburban bathing resorts line the seashore for several miles on either side of the city proper.
 Odessa Is the real capital, intellectual and commercial, of the so called Novo- rossia. which includes the governments of Bessarabia and Emerson. Odessa, like St. Petersburg and Moscow, re- ceived in 1863 new municipal consti- tuition, with an elective mayor munich pal assembly and executive council. It Is also an educational center, and has B university which replaced Rlchelieu |yceum In 1865, and has upward of 1000 students.
 The population of Odessa has in- creased in mighty leaps. In 1914, twenty years after its foundation, 1t | lad 25.000 inhabitants. In 1850 Odessa | 1ad 100000 inhabitants. in 1884 there | were 250,0OO. and since that date the | otal has more than doubled, due large y to railroad development in Trans ,aucasia.
 The leading occupations of the inhab- tants are connected with exporting, and manufactures. Manufac- ured products include -four. tobacco, leather. soap, chemicals, rope and carriages. Ex- 'orts include grain, -four, wool. tal!ow. tides, cattle about 100000 head,. soap. ope and spirits, while imports include ca, coffee. rice. cotton, tobacco and articles of many kinds. he total business of the port annually quals several hundred millions of dol lrs and increases year by year.
 The bay of Odessa was colonlzed by 'reeks at very early period. Their orts, Istrianorum Portus and Isiaco- um Portus. on the shores of this bay, arried on lively trade for many ears. but disappeared In the third and ourth centuries. leaving only heaps of uins. In the fourteenth century this egion belonged to the Lithuanians. hese people and subsequently, the oles kept the country under their do- linion until the sixteenth century. hen it was seized by the Tartars, and III later by the Turks. In 11sT came le Cossacks. who burned what towns ley found on the Black sea. Tn I1s9 le Russians. under the French Cap lin de Ribas. took the fortress of the 'wn Haji-bey. on the site of Odessa. Id in 1I91 Haji-bey and the Otchakon zion were conceded to Russia The wn. renamed Odessa. was laid out by e Ribss and the French engineer vo- nd and two years after its founda- ,n had 3.153 permanent inhabitants. sides inc military. and was visited ,