davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1905-08-26
Do Animals ReasonP
W. J. Long IN Harper's.

W. J. Long, in Harpers.
One thing. by way of suggestion. should
be mentioned here. In forming judgment
of animal reasoning it is well to remember
that we have but one psychology. The
general idea seems to be that we should
seek special psychology, distinct from our
own, in order TO understand the animals.
Nothing could be more erroneous or mis-
leading. So far as we can see, the laws or
mind are as constant as the laws Of physics
and chemistry. which apply equally well TO
the oil-wells and to the light from Arctu-
rus and the Pleiades. We know a little a
very little of our own psychology, and that
is the only measure we possess to lay upon
the life OF any creature. All thought
cept my own fs strange to me; am never
sure OF 1t. but can only infer and then
estimate 1t from the actions of the animal
under observation. Whether the animal be
a man or bear. am under the same
cessity to watch his actions and then infer
his mental process from what goes on IN
my own head under similar circumstances.
To one who judges animals in this rational
way there is no doubt of their reasoning
The only problem lies In the quality and
amount of that reason, and in the origin
and cause Of that whole process of his
tory which stretches like a wide sea be-
tween US and the animal kingdom.
Evening star., 1905-08-26
FREEZING IN THE WEST.
Heavy Rainfall Cools the Local Tenn
perature.

The refreshing Information came to the
weather bureau today that the temperature
at Grand Rapids. Mich. yesterday went
down to the freezing point 81 degrees. The
hottest place in this country at the same
time was Miles City, Mont. where the mer-
curry was bubbling up at the 100 mark
In Washington from yesterday forenoon
to this morning 2 @2-1OO inches of rain de-
scended from the moisture-laden storm
clouds. The result of this generous precipi-
taton is in evidence here today, with the
temperature at 40 degrees at noon and cool
northerly winds prevailing. Prof. F'ranken-
helds prediction for The Star yesterday
that today would be fair verified. and
he promises that similar conditions will pre-
vail tomorrow. with somewhat warmer
weather Monday
The weather bureau records show that
the total rainfall thus far in this month has
been OIL inches. against the record of u gs
for August. 1870. The heavy rainfall OF
yesterday, Prof. Frankenfeld said. was the
natural outcome of the excessively high
percentage of humidity which prevailed
here several days in advance of the down
Evening star., 1905-08-26
ABOUT SHOES.
Earliest Reference Is Found In the
Old Testament
From the Chicago News.

From the Chicago News
What is regarded as the earliest refer
ence to shoes is found in the Old Testa-
ment, where Abraham refuses to take as
much as a shoe latchet from the King of
Sodom. Among the Jews the shoe played
an important part In many social usages
When buying or selling land 1t was Gus
tomary to deliver a shoe, and the act of
throwing down a shoe on territory implied
occupancy. The finding Of sandals on Egyp-
tian mummies proves that the wearing of
shoes Is almost old the race Itself.
Ia Venice in the seventeenth century every
lady of any pretenson to fashion or posi-
ton wore what We're called 'choppines,"
high clogs or pattens to elevate them from
the ground. Thomas Coryat. a traveller
who visited Venice In 1911, says of them:
They are so common in Venice that no
woman goeth without either In her house
or abroad. II is a thing made Of wood and
covered with leather in sundry colors, some
white. some red, some yellow. Many OF
them are curiously painted; some, also, OF
them have l seen fairly gilt. There are
many of these chapsneys of a great height
even half a yard high and by how much
the nobler woman is, by so much the
higher are her chapineys. All their gentle
women and most of their wives and widows
that are of any wealth are assisted or sup
ported either by men women when they
walk abroad, to the end that they NAV nor
fail.
Fortunes have been Iavished upon Shoes
Men as widely apart in every circumstance
of life as Sir Walter Raleigh and Calgula
had their shoes enriched with precious
stones to the value OF thousands of dollars.
When the tomb of Henry VI Of Sicily who
died in 1877. was opened In the Cathedral of
Palermo, shoes made of cloth of gold and
embroidered with pearls were found on the
dead monarch's feet, and also on those OF
his queen. In the time of Louis XVI OF
France the courtiers of Versailles were re-
markable for their boots the tops of which
were enormously large and wide and were
decorated with profuson of costly lace.
Even horseshoes have been made to serve
the purposes of extravaganza and display
Sahina Poppaea, the beautiful and luxury
loving wife of the Roman Emperor Nero, IS
said to have had her mules shod with gold
AL! the world over horseshoes are supposed
to possess some ocult power of attracting
lick and warding off evil.
Evening star., 1905-08-26

try have to learn from the foreign labor
colonies is that IL such institutions are to
be of any real advantage to the genuinely
unemployed. the colonies which these WORK
men shall be invited to enter must be alb
solutely distinct from any establishments
Intended for the reception of loafers,
tramps. discharged prisoners and other So
cial wreckage In Germany they have a
system of relief stations, and there are also
travellers homes, which used to be scam
dal owing to the prevalence of drunken
now improved The former enables the
German workman, travelling in search of
work, either by the payment of small
sum or by performing task of work,
stone breaking, &C., to hear. through the
authorities OF the station, of any work that
may be available in the neighborhood. and
II he cannot get work at once, to obtain
looglns FOR the night and food. and to set
forth again in the afternoon with the GER
tainty of finding similar facilities at the
next stage in his Journey
The German workman, who has become
weary OF travelling from relief station to
lief station in his search for work, who
despa1rs of obtaining employment by Jour
neys Of this nature, has the opportunity af-
forded him of taking refuge in an institu-
ton which will receive him for more or
less prolonged stay-the labor colony
There are thirty-three of these places in
the German empire, and that at Wilhelms
dorf Is typical of the rest. 1t is a large
farm For the first fourteen days after his
arrival the colonst' receives his mainte-
nance, but is credited with no wages in ad-
dttion. Should he be IN need of clothes as
he generally is. he is supplied with these on
credit. After the first fortnight the colo
mist is credited with wages in addition to
his board and lodging. The rate Is wholly
at the discretion of the director of the col
ony The bulk of the coonists have Sd.
per day; but this applies only to the nine
months during which Il is possible to work
out Of doors for full day. From Novem-
Der !! until February 10 the rate is reduced
to 211d A bonus is occa sonaIly given on
leaving. as a recognition of coed conduct.
The amount due to the coloniSt as wages is
not paid in cash until he leaves the colony.
ana then he receives an order for the
money payable at the office at Bielefed
But In many, probably Gt was stated) in q
majority. of cases the colonist leaves the
colony in debt. The cost OF his clothes and
his tobacco has more than swallowed up
his surplus earnings
In other respects the labor colony is not
an Elysiunl for the inmates have to work
hard as well as eat, as may be judged from
the time table which varies with the sea-
sons:
Evening star., 1905-08-26
Rossetti's East Indian Visitor.

From Everybody's Magazine.
Gabriel Dante Rossetu, poet and painter.
was once visited by an East Indian prince,
who said to him:
II wish to give you a commission to
paint portrait OF my father
us your father in London?" asked Ros-
setti.
"No, my father is dead replied the
oriental.
Have you some photographs Of him or
any portrait?"
I'VE have no portraits of him of any
kind
How can / paint a portrait of him,
them" asked the artist. 1T Is impossible.
/ could not think of attempting anything SO
absurd"
why is It absurd p demanded the prince
gravely. You paint pictures of Mary
Magdalene and Circe and John the Bap-
tist, and yet you have never seen any OF
them. Why can you not paint my father?"
The prince was so insistent that Rossetu
yielded in sheer desperation. He painted
ideal head that was certainly oriental
and also regal In its bearing. The prince
came 10 the studio In great state to view
it, When the canvas uncovered he
looked at 1t steadily and then burst into
tears.
How father has changed" he cried.
Evening star., 1905-08-26
UNEMPLOYED PRoBLEM
Description of German Methods, In
cluding the Labor Colony.n
From the London Telegraph.

From the London Telegraph.
There seems to be a prevalent idea In
this country that a labor colony is pleas
ant retreat for men who are out of en-
ployment Experience in Germany would
correct this idea. In a report issued from
the board OF trade and prepared by D. F.
Schloss some account Is given of these
and other institutions abroad, and the
writer has come to the conclusion, after
careful examination, that the great bulk
of those who are admitted to colonies are
not efficient workmen "out of job" but
social wreckage. This was the conclusion
formed eleven years ago, and later Inquiry
has confirmed II. Mr.. Schloss considers that
the principal lesson which we in this coun-
Evening star., 1905-08-26
WIND BLOWS A GALE
Sea Girt Rifemen Shooting
at Silhouettes.
RAPID FIRE STAGES
wAsHINGToNIANs MAINTAINING
POSITIONS.
Local Guardsmen Well and Enjoying
Themselves-Yesterd
Work-Program.
RAPID FIRE STAGES
Special From a star Correspondent.

RIFLE RANGE, SEA GIRT. N. j..
August &c 1905
With the wind blowing a gale the rifle
men from the District of Columbia today
are plugging away at silhouette targets,
firing in the 200 and 800 yards rapid-fre
stages of the national individual match.
The Washingtonians are maintaining their
positions in the race but it Is impossible
at this point in the competition to figure
out just where any of the more than 600
competitors will land at the finish
Capt Corwin of New York will receive
the gold medal and $50 provided for the
competitor making the highest aggregate
score in slow fire in the national individual
match. He attained a total of lS2 out OF
a possible 200. In the slow fire portion of
the match Lieut.. Col. Reichelderfer of the
District finished thirteenth, with a total
of ZIG. and Private Pate, also of the Dis
trlct, finished twentieth, with a total of
1T5. This showing is considered excellent
IN view of the extra ordinary large field of
competitors.
=, Maj. Bell and his party obtained very
little sleep last night because of the storm
that prevailed. The District detachment
was Kept busy driving tent pegs and tight
ening guy ropes. Each member of the
party IS enjoying the best of health.
Many Discouragements.
The rifemen met with many discourage
ments Yesterday. The progress made in the
national individual match Thursday was
not what was hoped for, in the first place
and then the weather Friday set about
causing further delay. At dawn the situa-
tlon was cloudy and raw, but at s o'clock
When the bugler at the firing line sounded
Begin fring the sun was shining But
gradually dark clouds rolled in from the
ocean and then rain began to fall Soon it
descenoed IN a pour, the deluge being suf-
ncleht 10 wash the pastors off the targets
the executive officer forced to declare
a recess until 1 O'Clock. and every body
scurrled for shelter. Promptly at o'clock
hr1ng was resumed, but in a very few min
utes down came the rain again. However,
away.
one observer remarked yesterday after
noolr~ that at the rate then being made the
tournament would not end much earlier
tran Christmas.
The scores of the District of Columbia
men shooting in the national individual
match, over the first four ranges as far as
the hgures Were available at the time this
report was closed, follow:
Evening star., 1905-08-26
Program Still Unfinished


SEA GIRT, n. J., August o6-rhe third
day Of the military rifle tournament here
opened this morning with the first day's
program still unfinished.
Owing TO dissatisfaction with the co,ai-
uons and ARA ngements the captain of the
Nebraska team withdrew his men from
the national individual match, and It was
reported contemplated q like action in
the national team match
The program called for the wind-up Of
the national individual match yesterday
morning for the firing in the national pistol
match yesterday afternoon and for The 600
ana 600 yards slow fire and the 2O1 and
800 yards rapid fire stages of the national
team match today. However when firing
was resumed today the competitors re-
ported for the 200 yards rap pid fire stage of
me national individual match, which
should have occurred last Thursday after
noon, the opening day of the meet The
indications are that the national individual
match will not be concluded prior to Mon
day evening at the earliest. as the skirmish
runs will consume a great deal of time
Under only the most favorable conditions
can the national team match be completed
by the end of next week. Then it will be
necessary to do vast amount OF consoi-
dating to end the tournament by the date
scheduled Saturday, September 8.
The weather this morning was clear and
cold the wind blowing a gale Rapid fir
ing was done on silhouette targets. and
by reason of its briskness attracted the un-
divided attention of the spectators Friday
night on the range was one that will be
remembered by the rifiemen from all sec
tions of the country. A northeast storm
ragged. In consequence the tent files crack
ed like the reports of gatlng guns tent
pegs pulled from the ground the
vass houses sagged and swayed, the rain
leaked in and sleep was out of the question.
The violence of the wind abated somewhat
as the morning advanced. but the cond-
tions for firing were none too good vixen
the work before the targets was resumed.
Evening star., 1905-08-26
Team From Hawaii.

The team from Hawaii which is attract
ing much attention, Travelled $500 miles to
compete in the national team match. The
team consists of eighteen men. They had
fine trip and journeyed across the continent
with the California team. Col. j. W. Jones,
the team captain, in talking about the trip,
remarked that himself and those with him
have derived much benefit from their visit
here. The National Guard OF Hawaii con-
slsts of one regiment.
The national team match, originally
scheduled to begin today. but which will
pro badly open next Monday, and in which
the District of Columbia team Won prize.
with nineteen teams competing, at Fort
Riley, Kan. last year, is the most impor
tant military rifle competition held In this
ccrrtry. 1t is conducted under the sanction
of Congress and the direct supervision of
the national board for the promotion of ri
fie practice, of which the assistant secre-
tary of war is president and General Har-
ries, commanding the District of Columbia
militia is a member.
Evening star., 1905-08-26

Columbia. to WHICH he belongs showing
that he has done IS per cent of military
duty uuring the preceding year BY the
term military duty above referred to is
meant parades, drills, encampments and
other duties of similar nature.
All Hands Busy.
Everybody and everything here. includ-
ing the festive mosquito, are busy. The
Jersey mosquito, as is well known, is in a
class by himself. During all the years the
National Guardsmen of the District of Co
lumbia have been participating in the
matches at Sea Girt the mosquito was
never SO actively on the alert as he IS just
now. The fact that the tournament in
progress is the biggest thing in the way of
a military rife shoot ever held In this
country may be responsible for the appar-
ent ambition of the mosquito to keep
abreast of the times, so to speak.
The jersey varmint reports for duty not
later than O'Clock pm. and busies himself
without cessation until 6 o'clock a m. fol-
lowing, when he is relieved by the Sea Girt
fly. who is only a few degrees removed in
vicousness and martial spirit from the
mosquito.
way If he takes liking to a member of
the human family he may be then and
there classed a friend for life. Each and
every member of the Districts detachment
A chara cteristic, and that Is most
pronounced, of the Jersey mosquito is that
he is as constant as regards his feeding
ground as he is as to his friends If he
starts a meal from the cheek, for instance,
he will continue dining there as long as he
lives. The feeding ground staked off on
one District rifleman is his left cheek; on
another his neck: on third his hand, and
Just about the time to enjoy the last few
winks of sleep in the early morning the
Sea Gtrt fly. after good nights rest, takes
the place of the overworked mosquito. The
fly literally eats folks alive until they
leave their cots in desperation and are in
a position to defend themselves Then,
every time the pesky insect gets a chance
during the day he swoops down on an ex-
posed portion of anatomy and puts in a sy
dig that doesn't tend to make humanity any
more contented with life
There are many attractive things at Sea
Glrt, among them the members of the Dis
ulct or Co!uml!a detachment but the mos
quito and the fly net on the favored
list. n T. -
Evening star., 1905-08-26

The following is the menu at the VIII
helnlsdorf establishment:
First breakfast-Coffee, black bread beet
Jelly.
Second breakfast-Lard or butter or
cheese, black bread.
Dinner-Vegetables- with. potatoes, pigs
fat three times a week. -
Afternoon meal-Coffee bread and lard
Supper-Milk Cor rice pease), soup, po-
tatoes, herring occasionally.
The reading Of Mir Schloss'r report Is
somewhat depressing because it does not
appear :hat'the labor colony is much bet
ter than the ordinary casual ward. Ger
m2nys methods of dealing with the unem-
pIoSed are, at any rate, various, and In
particular labor registries have been most
completely organized. The arrangements
enable every workman even If he be living
in remote village. as soon he falls out
OF work, to ascertain the situation then
open for men --- trade in the whole of
an extensive section of the country anG in
case he Is unable to obtain Immediate en-
ployment In this manner, to put himself in
nearest important town, through whose
agency he may hope before long to hear of
employment available for him. either in
that town or in some other place. For the
operations of each of the public registries
are not cinfined to the city in which the
registry Is established, but, by means of Il
carefully planned organization of clearing
houses-central registries, by which great
number of different local registries are
mixed up-cover a very large district and
III some cases extend to a still wider uren
not alone within the German empire brt
even beyond its confines.
Evening star., 1905-08-26
Couldn't Be Both.
From the Philadelphia Press.


Bridget" said Mrs. Hiram Often 10 the
new servant. ''the lady whose name you
gave as reference tells me you were not
always truthful and obedient"
mo. ms'am." replied Bridget, "I couldn't
be wild her a-tellin' me all the time to say
she wasn't at home"
Evening star., 1905-08-26
Conditions of the Match.

For this year the following are the condi-
ticns of the national match:
Open to teams of twelve men from the
following: The army of the United States,
two-one cavalry and one infantry; the
United States navy, one; the United States
Marine Corps, one; the United States Mill
tary Academy, one; the United States
Naval Academy, one: the National Guard
o. uniformed militia of the several states
and territories including the District of
Columbia, one team from each state, terri
tory and the District of Columb a; the
members of each team to be officers, cadets,
midshipmen enlisted men of the corps
o. organization which they represent, and
t. appear in the service or authorized uni
form
Kinds of fire: Slow, rapid and skirmish
Distances: Slow fire2oD, 600, $50 and 900
yards; rapid tire-2U0 and 800 yards; skirnish
fire. runs. Number of shots: Two sight
in, shots and ten shots for record at each
range. Positions: Standing at 2J0 yards
and prone with head toward target a all
other ranges. Arms: United States service
rifles and carbines, with not less than j.
pound trigger pull. Ammunition: Service
cartridge as manufactured and issued by
the ordnance department United States
army Three days contest: First day-2O0
and 800 yards, slow fire, and 230 and 800
yards rapid fire; second day-SO0 and l 900
yards, slow fire; third day skirmish runs.
Prizes:
l. To the team making the highest ag-
greSate total IN the three days cOnteSt-the
national trophy" authorized by act of
Congress), to be competed for annually and
$500 cash.
9 The team making the second highest
aggregate total-the Hilton trophy" pre-
sented by the late Mr.. Henry Hilton of
New York, to be competed for annually
and $3.50 cash.
3. The team making the third highest ag-
gregate total-the bronze Soldier of Mara
thon," presented by the commander-in-
chief on behalf of the state of New York,
to be competed for annually. and $3.50 cash
4. The team making the fourth highest
aggregate totai-$1O0 cash.
5. The team making the fifth highest ag-
gregate total-$15 cash.
q. The team making the sixth highest ag-
gregate total-S5O cash
Z. And also a medal to each member Of
the winning teams.
The Eligibles.
One third of the members actually firing
on any team winning either the national
trophy. the Hilton trophy, or the bronze
Soldier of Marathon shall not be eligible to
compete again as members of a contesting
team for the next three consecutive compe-
titions, the four men to be eliminated to be
those who have heretofore participated in
the greatest number of competitions for the
national trophy.
No person who is either q principal or al
ternate In the team of any state, territory
or the District of Columbia entered in the
competition of the national match shall be
eligible to serve either principal or
alternate in the team of any other state at
the next yearly competition for the national
trophy.
No person shall be eligible to be entered
as one of the team of any state. territory
or the District Of Columbia in the national
match who does not present to the execu-
tive officer certificate from the adjutant
general of the state, territory or District OF
Evening star., 1905-08-26
A Relief.
the Philadelphia Press.

From the Philadelphia Press.
Hello old man." exclaimed Bull. at ths
Literary Club reception, II tell you It's a
delightful surprise 10 you here"
so good of you to say So" replied Brown.
Yes, you see l was afraid wouldn': find
anybody but bright and cultured people
here
Evening star., 1905-08-26
Says Lawyers Aided in Blackmail

According TO Mr. Hansen, the hIackmau-
ing of his client has been conducted through
a firm OF lawyers against whom he intends
to proceed criminally. The first meeting
of the woman and the man who is paving
a penalty for charity her friend, he says.
took place at a charity ball and there her
servants probably saw him first. He comes
from wealthy western family.
The warden of Sing Sing prison was alb
sent last evening when the story first be-
came known, and no informations could be
obtained in that institution, either positive
negative.
Police headquarters and the station
houses in the districts most likely to be in
habited by persons of such position as those
involvel failed to contribute the slightest
clew to the Identities of those involved
The Oldest detective sergeants In New York
said last night they had never heard of
such a strange case, and declare 1t to be
one Of the most interesting combina tions of
events known to their craft.
Mr.. Hansen will have another interview
with his client-a woman OF about twenty
eight years, he judges-next Monday when
she probably will deliver to him her written
statement. which will be legally attested
and put TO such use the attorney
chooses.
Evening star., 1905-08-26

Columbia, to which he belongs. showing
that he has done - per cent of military
duty curing the preceding year. BY the
term military duty above referred to is
meant parades, drills, encampments and
other duties of a similar nature.