davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Paducah sun., 1905-06-10


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Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

the world for a length of time that need
not cause anxiety to present generations.
Besides this the country produces nearly
all the staple. tropical products in a wild
state. During the last twenty years the
Belgians in the Congo have directed their
efforts with considerable success toward
the cultivation Of the native cotton, sugar
cane, tobacco, coffee and cocoa. American
cotton within the last three years has been
planted and the result of this experiment
which promises WELLS awaited with great
interest The furniture industry has been
greatly enhanced by the discovery of most
valuable species of ornamental woods
which vie in beauty and durability with the
woods already known in the cabinet maxi
ers' art Copper and iron have been found
in rich deposits and there are signs of gold
In the Katanga, discovered after years OF
arduous prospecting.
Since the opening OF the railway in 1898
the Importance of the Congo market at
Antwerp has been steadily increasing, for
it must be remembered that all the COM
mercial enterprises in the Congo Free State
have made Antwerp the general world
market for the Free State products.
A regular tri-weekly service of elegant,
first-class passenger mail steamers. spe-
cially built for the trade by English own
ers and sailing under the Belgian flag, plies
between Antwerp and Bona, which is the
principal city and port of the Congo.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

tary courts, hfty-seven bureaux OF vital
statistics and twenty-six official notarles-
over all these is the high council which
sits at Brussels, both as a court Of appeals
and as a court Of cessation in civil ana
criminal affairs. There is a court Of appeal
al Bona composed OF a president and two
associates, a district attorney and a clerk.
The three judges are chosen as far as pos
sible from different nationalites. To be
appointed president OF this court the candl-
date must be 30 years Of age, doctor of law,
must either have practiced, occupied a ju-
ditial position or taught law In a university
for at least five years.
The Court OF First Instance OF Bona
may sit in any part of the territory OF the
state. Its competency is general. covering
civil. commercial and criminal AFFAIRS. IL
consists of judge, clerk and district
attorney The territorial courts are COM
petent to deal with all the infractions of
the law committed within their districts or
even beyond the limits OF the same, even
If the parties reside OF are found therein.
Crimes committed by the white people
and punishable by death are tried exclu-
sively before the Court of First Instance
of the Lower Congo at Bona, where the
accused parties enjoy all the privileges OF
a fair trial guaranteed by civilized coun-
tries.
The government is constantly giving It's
judicial agents strict instructions for the
protection Of the blacks and any infringe
ment OF the rights Of the natives is severely
punished. ..
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

billy country, necessitating the construc-
ton of over 100 bridges, varying in length
from thirty to $50 feet The time occupied
in making the journey, which is only con-
tinued in the daytime, is about forty hours.
The night stop is made at Tumba. a little
less than half way between Matadi and
Stanley Pool. The cost of building this
railway was 1880, 900. Another railway
from Bona to Lukula, a distance OF 100
kilometers, or sixty-two miles, was COM
menced in October, 1885, and reached its
terminus. Lukula, in December, 1901.
The Congo Free State has now in view
the building of 1000 kilometers Q,242 miles)
of railway. One line is to connect Stanley
ville with Mahagi and Duhli with Redjaf
and another will connect Kasango, on the
River Lualaba, with the environs of XII
banga, on Lake Tanganika. Another
branch of this important railway system
will run from Stanleyville to the south
into the center of the Katanga district
The greater part of the railway along the
Lualaba from stanleyville is we'll under
way.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

on the Loamai, Busambo on tho sankuru,
Lubeo on the Lulua. Popokabaka on the
Kwango. Congo on the Ubaugi Ibembo on
the Itimbri and Jambuya on the Aruwimi
From these ports wide and easy highways
extend toward the interior, some Of them
specially constructed for automobile service
and others for projected railways.
Steamers and sailing vessels have been
launched on Lake Tanganika, Lake Kivu
and Lake Moreo. The ports of Banana
Bona and Matadi. on the lower Congo,
are accessible at all times to transatlantic
steamers, and Banana, at the mouth Of the
river. enjoys the great advantage OF having
no sand banks to interfere with naviga-
ton.
Communication in the Free State has
within the past ten years largely devel-
oped by telegraph and telephone. the first
telegraphic line being established between
Bona and Matadi July. 1895, on the 18th OF
September, 1898, both telegraphic and tele-
phonio communication was established be-
tween Natadi and Leopoldville. At the end
OF the same year the wires ran for distance
of 6s5 klometers (425 miles) and in 1899 there
were some 500 miles of wire in use Since
that time long distance telephoning has
been perfected and communications nre
practically easy for distances Of 800 and 400
miles. Wireless telegraphy is now being
successfully experimental with.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

from the equator at its most northern ex-
tremity and fourteen degrees south. The
river Congo is. of course, the most valuable
feature of the new country It Is navigable
from its mouth to Stanley Falls distance
of 900 miles, with the exception of the
rapids and falls from Yelala to Leopoldvile
on Stanley Pool, a distance Of go miles
The connection of the navieable portions
was, of course. absolutely essential to the
future prosperity Of the state and in regard
to this Stanley is known to have said to
the king of the Belgians, IF a railroad is
not built here, ali the Congo Free State
will not be worth a farthing" This the
Belgians fully realized and in July, 1898, the
railway from Matadi to Stanley Pool was
inaugurated in its full length (about $50
miles). The opening of this railway has
brought the resources OF the Congo Free
State in direct communication with the
markets of the world and has fully Justi-
fed Stanley's prediction, for without the
railway. successful trade was practically
hopeless In fact, prior to the Antwerp
International exposition of 1894 public
opinion had begun to lose confidence in the
ultimate success of King Leopold's vast
project. At this exposition, however, there
was a most complete Congo department,
which opened the eyes of Europe to the
wealth of resources in this enormous. fer
tile territory and 1t was then recognized
that the Congo Free State was a new field
for enterprise and speculation
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

The medical. service is composed of
chief doctor domiciled at Bona. and one
doctor for every district, domicied at the
capital, each of which has at his disposal
q certain number Of native nurses There
are now twenty-seven of these govern
ment doctors scattered throughout the
Congo Free State. besides OF course, the
private practitioners. In the capital Of
each district there is a pharmaceutical
depot, which supplies the drug stores of the
various stations. of the district The capt.
tails OF each district, as well as the import
ant stations. have governmental hospitals
for the caro- of the natives in the govern
ment service, they are generally built in
brick and are well-fitted. In Bona and
Leopoldvile there are hospitals specially
fitted out for the care of white people.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
Educational FACILITIES.

The government has established school
colonies, managed by Belgian Sisters Of
Charity where the scholars acquire a prac-
tical, solid, professional training. From
these institutions the government has ac-
quired the services OF capable employees,
foremen and non-commissioned officers for
the Public Force, the name by which the
army of the Congo Free State is known.
The Belgians in 1885 had only three mis-
sions and six missionaries in the Congo
Free State; today they possess fifty-nine
permanent missions and twenty nine travel
ing missions attended by SS4 missionaries
and Sisters of Charity. There are 52s chapel
farms 113 churches and chapels, 623 lecture
halls, Intermediary schools, rs primary
schools and 40 elementary schools. In
the latter the natives themselves teach
reading and writing. There are poor asy-
lums, Il Christian villages and 72,SS2 con-
verted Christians.
The schools ARE meeting with success
and It is stated that the young Congolese
learn with ease and rapidity, speak French
well and are apt for high education. Many
go to Belgium, where. II they become ac-
climatized, which IT must be borne In mind
is not always the case, they follow va
rious callings with a certain degree OF
success.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
HouEht by Americans.

When FL Cobre was at its best a railroad
was built to convey the ore from the mines
TO Santiago bay This was owned by a
Spanish corporation, and 1t charged such
exorbitant freight rates that the mining
company had to shut down. Then revolu-
tons broke out, and the machinery and
buildings were destroyed the railroad was
wrecked and the mines became so flooded
that it was not possible to inspect them.
This was their condition at the close OF our
war with Spain. At that time American
capitalists bought out the titles OF the old
company. They have since pumped much
of the water from the mines and are grad
ually taking out the ore. There are alto
gether more that five miles of underground
workings
The FL Cobre mines are LEO feet deep
and their lowest tunnels are 800 feet below
the level OF the sea. So far only GOO feet
has been pumped out the pumps being
kept going just enough to keep the water
away from the miners. There are already
several hundred thousand tons OF ore in
sight The syndicate began work last fall
and made its first shipment OF ore last No
vember. II has already taken out almost
10000 tons. and the mines now have an
output Of about 1000 tons a month.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
Millions in Cuban Copper.

The copper mines Of Cuba have produced
millions In the past. and the prospect is
that they will yield millions in the future.
Copper is found In nearly every province.
but the real copper province is Santiago,
which was long noted as having the richest
copper mines in the world, These were the
famous IA Cobre mines. which lie in the
mountains about twelve miles west OF San
uago. and which are now again being
worked by the Spanish Iron COM
pany. FL Cobre was opened up about 1886
as crown possession Of Spain, II was
worked hy the Spanish government for 200
years and then abandoned. hundred
years later an English company with a
capital of S24O,OOO reopened the mines en-
ployfng about 1900 men in their develop
ment- Shortly afterward another company
Wa >oTmsd 70 taks possession. and the
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
Manganese Mines.

Speaking of manganese. this is a metal
which looks like iron and has a strong
affinity for It. II is not used by itself in
the arts, but only in combination with
other metals, and is OF great value in max
ing steel. The best OF the manganese mines
are situated about sixteen miles northeast
or FL Cristo and the ore is brought into
Santiago by railroad for shipment The
ore occurs in pockets. the bulk Of it being
in washed dirt, although by picking some
good manganese is obtained which does
not require washing. The richest mines
are owned by the Ponupo Mining COM
pany OF Santiago. and others. known as
the Boston mines, are owned by the Stand
ard Manganese company of New York
The latter company began shipping in 1902
It's works are we'll equipped. having a
Corliss engine, large pumps and other pow
ertul machinery. The manganese usually
lies in limestone and sandstone associated
with jaspar. The deposits vary in size
from pebble TO masses that weigh several
hundred tons.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

mum. If it is an iron concession he will
pay only 81 per hectare.
At present the Cuban government has
granted over 200 iron concessions. 1t has
granted 146 concessions for mining manga
nese, liz for copper. twenty-nine for gold
ten for lead, four for quicksilver, three
for zinc. six for petroleum and seventy
eight for asphalt.
These items will give an idea OF the min
erals which exist in the island Minerals
are found in every province, from Pinar
del Rio to Santiago, although the latter is,
above all others, the richest in Cuba. The
concessions granted in Santiago number 486,
of which the largest number are for iron,
manganese. copper and lead. The total
value of the mineral products Of Cuba in
1901 was 100000. of which the most came
from Santiago.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
Waterways well Utilized.

The Congo Free State has on the water
ways of the upper Congo regular steam
navigation lines. On Stanley Pool there
are about 100 steamers half OF which be-
long to the state. The steamers in use on
the Congo river and the lakes are specially
built in Europe for sluggish waters. The
Free States feet on the upper Congo river
comprises thirty-three steamers, to which
must be added eight steamers on the
lower Congo, besides about seventy more
belonging to private corporations. The ter
minus stations for steam navigation are:
Stanleyville on the Congo river, Kunimbi
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
A Whittier Roast

A young woman once sat a boarding
house table beside a reserved and awkward
country boy whom she delighted to tease.
relates the Boston Transcript When she
left she asked him TO write in her
autograph album. The poem which John
G, Whittier wrote there and which had Just
been published stands as a warning 20 other
young ladies, that she who laughs at a
seemingly dumb countryman may herself
be laughed at many years later. The quaint
concluding stanza is:
Thy life-may nothing Ysx IL
Thy years be not q few,
= And at thy final exit
AlaX the dsYt miss his dus.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

working was continued up until 1868. Be
tween the years of 1880 and 1868 these mines
are said to have produced about $50. 900. 900
worth of copper, which is I'm addition to
the amount mined by the Spanish govern
ment for 200 years. Between 1851 and 1862
the ore exported from FL Cobre was valued
at 100000; and they were, as I have
said the richest copper mines Of the world
until the Calumet and Hecla mines of
Lake Superior were discovered.
Some Of the best prospects among Cuban
minerals are copper. This metal is found
in nearly every province. Copper deposits
have been worked in Pinar del Rio, in Hav-
ana and Matanzas. In Santa Clara valu-
able beds OF this ore have been found near
Cienfuegos and there are a number Of
mines in Puerta Principe. Some OF the
oldest copper mines OF the latter provinces
are now in the hands of Pennsylvania
parties.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
YIsit 20 In Cobre.

It was In company with Mr. Jennings S.
Cox the manager OF the Spanish-American
Iron company. that I visited these mines
and the smelter connected with them. The
smelter Is just across the bay from San
tiago. We rode over IN a steam launch be-
longing 10 the company. and. landing at
the wharves, walked by great piles OF coke
and limestone TO the works. The coke is
imported. from the United States and the
limestone from interior Cuba. The smelling
works cover several acres, rising almost
straight Up from the water. They are OF
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

Justice is now administered throughout
the length and breadth OF the Congo Free
State. In the capitals OF the various dis
tricts there are territorial courts having
jurisdiction over both natives and Euro
peans and the judicial system is carried
out by forty-foUr civil tribunals and mill
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

1ANTIAGO DE CUBA, Aug pa
Especial Correspondence of The
Bee.)-New iron mines have been
al recently discovered on the high
- lands above Nipe bay. Borings
have already been made to determine the
extent of the deposits and II is said that
millions OF tons OF iron are almost in sight.
Mining engineers are now testing the ore
TO determine its value and how 1t may be
best treated, and If their experiments are
successful the mines will be OF enormous
value. The deposits are such that the
mines can be worked with steam shovels
and the ore will be handled by machinery
from the time It leaves the earth going on
a gravity railroad down TO the steamers
which will carry IT to the smelters OF the
United States. The managers say that the
ore can be shipped as cheaply from Nipe
bay to the great works on the Chesapeake
as that OF Lake Superior can be brought
down TO the smeiters on Lake Erie.
-
Iron Mines Owned by Americans.
These deposits are being investigated by
the same syndicate OF capitalists which al
ready controls the chief iron mines OF
Cuba It is a combination of the Pennsyl-
vania Steel company. the Maryland Steel
company and others They own the Jura-
qua mines, and have large interests in the
spanish-American Iron company and in the
Cuban Steel ore company.
The Juragua mines are among the Oldest
in Cuba. They were first opened about
1851, but IL was not until 1883 that foreign
capital became interested in them. Since
that time they have, produced about 1900. O0C
tons Of ore, and they have now an output
Of 1000 tons per month. These mines
belong to the Bethlehem Iron company,
the Pennsylvania Steel company and the
Maryland Steel company. They are not
far from Santiago and the ore is brought
there for shipment.
The Spanish-American Iron company is
operating mines near Daiquiri, which lies
on an open IOadstead twelve miles east OF
MORO Castle The deposits are four miles
back OF the seaport, and about sixteen
miles east OF Santiago. The company has a
standard gauge railroad from the mines TO
the bay, and steel docks similar TO those
OF Lake Superior. II was Just beside these
docks that our troops made their first land
ing during the Spanish-American war.
The Daiquiri mines are valuable. The
were located by Samuel p Ely OF CleveIan,
in 1850 and Mr. Ely founded the Spanish
American Iron company 10 operate them
He had made a fortune In mining In tn
Lake Superior iron region, and when h
opened the. Daiquiri mines he introduce
the best OF modern machinery. The mine
began 20 produce IN 1895. and at the en-,
OF 1893 their output was equal TO more thar
S5oo.ooo t0Rs Of ore. worth in the statss q
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27

III" niversary Of the independence OF
AVA the Congo Free State under the
No. rule OF King Leopold II OF the
Belgians.
when future writer's compile an innar-
tial history of our times, posteritv will
discover TO the credit Of the Belgian ma
ton the civilization and development Of
one of the most resourceful of African do
minions. Though Belgium has an area
or u'S1S square miles, which is less than
one-fourth the size OF the state of New
York, and a population OF $500. 900 people
II has accomplished within twenty years
a task worthy OF any OF the hrst-class
powers, opening up to the world a vast
territory covering an area of 10000 square
miles with a native and white population
OF about 100000.
The philanthropic and humanitarian
movement in favor OF the civilization OF
the valleys Of the upper and lower Congo
was conceived by Kink Leopold II as early
as September, 1876, when an international
conference of scientists and explorers met
at the royal palace at Brussels. Before
following remark:
ITO open the only portion Of our globe
where civilization has not yet penetrated,
to pierce the darkness which envelops
whole countries OF people, is crusade
worthy this century Of progress I have
led myself to believe that you would find
II possible to discuss and arrange between
yourselves the ways and means OF plant
ing the standard OF civilization upon At
. Tican soil"
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
Commerce.


The increase Of trade with the Congo
Free State during the last seventeen years
has been remarkable, exports jumping from
$3.50. $50 in the year 1887 to some $1,000 600
in 1904 The imports rose from about $500 =
900 in 1892 to some 81 10000 In the year 1904
OF this latter sum $3,5OO,OOo worth of goods
were exported direct from Antwerp while
only goods 70 the value of 81. 400 were ex-
ported from the United States direct. OF
the total exports from the Congo during
1884, $4,000 worth were shipped direct
TO Antwerp and 500 worth direct to the
United States.
The fact that the great bulk OF the trade
with the Congo Free State, as shown above,
is concentrated at Antwerp is due to that
ports being the universal market for all
Congo products and Americans DESTROYS
OF extending their trade with the Congo
Free State must, under the circumstances,
do so through the business houses OF Ant
werp
While the people OF Belgium have opened
up new and needed outlet for their indus
try and stimulated their home markets
by the steady increase OF the Congo's trop-
ical products. they have at the same time
worked wonders in the colonization and
civilization Of Central Africa, and King
Leopold may well be proud Of the first
twenty years OF his cherished project in
lettering the condition of his wards In
the Dark Continent and for which, for a
period OF fifteen years. he sacrificed his
private fortune. CHURCH HOWE
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
Cuba n Land of Minerals.

These mines give some idea OF the rich
iron deposits OF Cuba. The Island has
never been carefully prOspected, although
hundreds Of mining concessions have been
taken out and mining properties are owned
here and there all over the island II Is
easy to get a mining concession and II
costs only a bagatelle 10 hold Il. II one
wishes 70 take out such a right he has
only TO conform 20 certain legal TECHNICAL
ties, and thereafter pay a small govern
ment tax per year. The government grants
concessions for an unlimited number OF
years, and the owner many work his mine
or not, as he pleases. His tax for all
metals, except iron, is at the rate OF S per
heetare. or two aud oRs-half acres per an
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1905-08-27
Product. of the Country.

The first and most important of all its
products are, Of course, ivory and rubber
of which experts say there is a sufficient
store with which to supply the markets of