Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1905-11-05

who have no history" The republic has q
history which may serve as a rule OF con-
Duct Tor governments of greater territory
The executive power was first confided to
two consuls chosen from among members
OF the council. BY a decree called Dureto.
the limit Of time was six months; the con-
suls could not be reelected until after
three years. The title OF consul subssted
until the year 1900. From that year
the title was changed for those of Cap
charged with the representation of the COM
mune. the Defender with that OF the peo-
pie. The state took definitely the official
denomination of republic of San Marino
Toward the end Of the fourteenth century
they were given the names of Captains Re
gent, title by which they are known to-
day. These two functionaries are charged
with the general administration of the af-
Iairs or the state. one the affairs of the
city, the other those of the country In
taking Office they take the following oath
In Latin
We. Captain and Defender of the chateau
OF SAINT Mar1no swear to direct and gov
ern during the six months to come, from
this day the ancient fortress of San Ma
rfno. We will place all our zeal in the
service OF the cities. In the inhabitants of
the country. and OF all things which are in
possession of the said chateau; we will pre-
serve and sustain with all our force the
statutes and DEGREES made for the honor
and the safety OF the chateau OF San Marine
wicked and will watch over the execution
OF these statutes in good faith and without
fraud, God helping
There is a council Of sixty elected for
life and council of twelve. the Office of
councillor being purely
SivA honorofc. An indemnity
Organization. of 800 francs or $50 is al
lowed to each captain re-
gent. who bears the title OF exceliency and
wears a special costume In official cere-
monies.
This costume is composed of a black
1ustoucorps. with a small cloak; black knee
Dreeches: black hose and slippers; the
head dress something like the toaue OF a
French judge with a band of white ermIne.
During official ceremonies the captains re-
gent wear suspended from the neck the
sran9 cross OF the Order Of Saint Marine.
OF winch they are the grand commanders
The general council assemblies in secret SEES
sion and elects the captains regent Twelve
Candidates are presented, six mobiles and
SIX plebeians. The three mobiles who have
the highest number of votes are put in with
the three plebeians In majority. two by
two. and by chance The three bulletins
bearing each two names. are placed in
urn. which Is taken to the cathedral and
after the lie Deum sung by the archpriest,
child draws the bulletin The two citi-
zens designated on the bulletin are pro-
claimed captains regent. They then and
there take places In ''stalles" on the left OF
the choir; and the outgoing captains. Mil
itary honors are rendered by the guard of
mobiles. composed of thirty members of the
council. and this same guard acts as the
guard Of honor twice month.
The executive power thus Is represented
by the captains regent; the legislative by
the grand council of sixty; the senate by
the council of twelve. Two-thrds of the
members of the council are renewed each
year.
The government has two secretaries of
state, one for foreign affairs, the other
for the interior. The council of sixty elects
nine of it's members charged with the adj
minstration Of the finances. the receipts
and expenses. THE judiciary is formed of
Utafian)- They are appointed for three
years and may be reapponted for new
term of three years. Ministers plenipo-
Tertiary and consuls have been appointed
to several countries. In France beside a
legation at Paris there are consus general
at Paris Lyons, Bordeaux and Marseille.
San Marine possesses two journals. but
of the same politics In this model gov
eminent composed of patrician and pie
beian there is but one party. that of the
people. There is a law for the press; law
regulating commerce and agriculture; a
law to assure the good quality, OF alimen-
tary products; law for the extraction of
marble from the quarries. marble being a
source of great wealth to the republic.
X
On the LIST of April of each year two
deputies are appointed by the captains re-
gent TO supervise the quail
Paterna1 fly of the food exposed for
Supervision. sale, with the right to COM
mence criminal proceedings
then and there. The state appoints two
physicians and one surgeon. who render
service gratuitously to the Inhabitants of
the republic. A special article of the penal
code Furnishes with a fine of fifty to two
hundred francs the refusal to attend a sick
call, aside from damages that may be OBJ
tanned judicially. The sale of patent and
secret remedies and the adulteration of
prescriptions are severely punished by law.
The little defensive army Is composed,
according to the principles of true democ
racy, of all able-bodied citizens between the
ages of eighteen and sixty. The only eX-
empts are professors. magistrates, students,
priests, public functionaries and scholars
with diplomas. The privilege of an hon
orary rank in the army of San Marine is
especially apr eciated by the sons Of noble
families in Rome and Tuscany. The Sd of
September Este. Agathe) is great fete in
the republic and the occasion of a grand
review of the troops.
San Marine, the capital contains a popu-
lation of 800 inhabitants. council house,
of the style of the fifteenth century, mu-
scum, library and college. The chief eX
ports are wine, cattle and stone. In the
Borgo are found the caves of San Marines
wines, of which Matteo Valli in the seven
teenth century sung praises and said: The
wines of San Marine are so pleasing. pure,
grateful and good that they have no cause
to be jealous of the clarets of France" on
the wall of a house in the Borgo Ghe center
of San Marines commercial activity there
is sun dial always remarked by the stran-
ger because of its dimensions, and above all
for this inscription: "Niente sci tn senza
Dio: senza sol niente son Isl" Thou art
nothing without God; and | am nothing
without the sun
The little republic of San Marine may
have served Mr.. Howells TO point the moral
of his admirable romance
An Altrur1an of "A Traveller from AL
Model truria." Be that as ii may
the arbitration treaty con-
cluded with San Marine will doubtless be
followed later by a treaty of amity and
commerce which will bring US in closer con-
tact with this interesting and picturesque
sister state. The association will suggest
many things which we may emulate. San
Mariua's laws are adm Aahla Tho fittla