davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
NOS. 1866 to 1872 G ST. S. E.

WOO kASd.
SIS MONTHLY.
For a new two-story brick house, near navy
yard, on wide avenue; so feet OF parking
marble steps: porcelain bath: furnace
neat gas range. Why pay rent, when
you can get snap like this one?
Leroy MARK,
"The oval Sign" 14Io G ST.
iy3o-tf
FOR sALE-CoLuMBIA HEIGHTS HOMES
With Hot-water Heat.
5000.
FOUR % SOLD THIS WEEK
Pleasant or Columbia Heights without
seeing these
S. E. Cor 18th and Kenyon Streets.
Attractive and thoroughly up-to-date:
IIOT-W ATER HEAT, which is unpreee-
dented for a 5000 house Columbia
Heights; rooms and tiled bath: with
reception hall plan; 2-stoTy back porches;
large cellar; most desirable location
on the l1th street car line. transferring
TO other lines.
selecting papering. gas fixtures. etc.
SEE Us ABOUT THESE Absolutely
the very best home proposition ever Of
Get our list OF HOUSES FOR SALE.
MOORE & Hill, (NC.),
EXCLUSIVE AGENTS.
jy2o-tf III I4th 81, NV.
FOR SALE
Is. s5.so0-RENTED FOR SIS.
4 weII.built and attractive two-story
nat Eleven rooms. Two baths. TWO eel
lars. two furnaces attic.
IS, ,90o-RENTED FOR S52.
A good two-family house; and &
rooms baths; cellars; back porehes;
yards ana furnaces. sI.750 can remain
at 4EI.
s40O0-RENTED FOR $3.50
Some thing new in twc-family houses;
side lights TO each building Each nat
has / rooms, good bath, cellar. furnace,
front and rear porch and yards. 81. $50
trust at $50.
1y1s-tf H. r. HowENsTEIN Co. 1914 F st.
FOR sALE-A two-story ana concrete cellar,
brick on Georgia ave. Sc. containing
rooms and bath: furnace heat: coal and gas
ranges IN kitcheai can be sold On very easy
payments price $500.
CLARENCE BARNARD,
The Oval Sign 1872 ST jel2-tt
HOW TO BE YOUR OWN LANDLORD
ON 500 CASH AND $50 MONTHLY.
For full particulars drop postal, telephone.
or call for new illustrated booklet. plat
A1c,, Of Mount Pleasant Heights.
FULTON Z. GORDON,
Northwest Subdivision q Specially.
ROBERT g. HEATER. Manager.
Tel. Main 6Z9. Colorado Building
nyl2-n
The Washington times., 1905-08-04

LOANS ON STOCKS. BONDS. REAL rs.
TATE. TrustH. Bldg. and Loan Assn. Shares
Syndicate certifs.. Warehouse Receipts IIFH
INSURANCE POLICIES. etc. Reasonable
rates. Square dealing. 40-42 MetzerotI Bldg,
III0 F st. NV. Phone 5I7. c. A. BAKER,
Broker and Fiscal Agent ss24-ts
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
II Utt CALE- # JfS -
THE HARRIs0N-BR0wNING CO

gO7 G STREET y. W.
La. ave, through to . St, hne business
property SIS, ,010
Sth. near X NV. 10 rooms and bath 7,OJO
l1th, corner. 5 rooms and bath; lot
2IxIO7 ...............-. ......-.......... $500
81, NV. near 9Th. rooms and bath. $500
9th St. near I NV, store and dwelling, $3.50
O st. ne, . stories and cellar. 6 rooms
ana bdIfs -.------.- ZsSUO
Kirby St. near n. Y. ave, rooms and
bath; rent, sI5, I5,50..,.......,--.,,..,,.. 2,OG0
$50 St. rooms. rent $I5; lot 30XTb--- l, 800
Liberty st. nv, rent, $3.50; brick. $50
THE HARRISON-BRO CO.,
907 c STREET \. W. auS-8t
FOR SALE-Six rooms and bath: good re-
pair; all modern improvements; side yard:
cheap, 1908 St ne, owner, auS-St
FOR S8LE-Cneapcst house ever offered.
SiN-room brick and stone house. with all
modern improvements. 14lI Georgia ave.
Sc. Price, 50, $50; $500 down; balance small
monthly payments. T. H PICKFORD,
au2-U I410 G St NV.
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
FOR SALE-HoUSES.

FOR SALE-SpeciaI Bargain
ONLY 81 300
Splendid new fiVe-ToOn cottage, Wash
Ington Highlands; high, cool, healthy.
Fine surroundings. Lot 50 feet front,
Only 81 POO on easy terms
WASHINGTON HIGHLANDS CO. 9lS + NV.
i ;
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
FOR RENT-EQCSES.

FOR RENT-B0USEs.
POI MoRGAN ST. NV. 8 rooms and :,
'4'' FOR colonel PEOPLE ''20'0o
152i-23-25 ,1 RAtF 4lai5 ST sW- rooms;
REAR sl4 18th NV: two stories.....--... Sc 90
JOSEPH R. ATKINSON,
1925 New York Ave, n. ". au4-st
81 81 ne au4-8t
FOR RENT
1880 Dartmouth st. NV. 1lr and bath. .$85 so
zSl3 6th st NV. in Petworth. D. C.:
rooms and bath..-.-..-..-..--..-... 25O0
lGO2 Virginia ave. sw.. rooms. suit
,.54 S3le TOT laaiioi u u 90 90
Is F'enton place NV. 4r.-..--....--... 80
LOUIS =. SHOEMAKER. 612 1fth ST. NV.
au3-t
$40 10TH ST NE.-seven rooms and bath:
Just put IN thorough repair Rent. 600 30.
L1eRoY MARK. 1910 q. jy8l-5t
WANTED-HoUsES.
WANTED-'To buy house costing from s4.O50
TO s.. 500 Address BOX l2G, this Office.
WANTED-To buy house with improvements.
not over &. SO. give location. Address BOX
l34. TINS once. au3-3t
WANTED-To rent a six or seven room
house, all modern improvements Northwest;
permanent tenant, rent not over SIS per
month address BOX IO7 this office
au2-3t
VVANTED-Colored family would ike TO rent
house seven rooms and bath. near Interior
Pension Office; viii pay SIS or $50 If Ia
good condition. Address BOX 105. this Of
fee. au2-3t
DO you WANT GOOD TENANTS? List
your houses once with GRACE NJ
THOMAS. CoTcoran Building. Jy17-24t
FOR RENT-APARTMENTS.
FOR RENT-WIIard ST NV. near lgth: new,
up-to-date flats. ; and G rooms and bath:
separate yards: furnaces; porches. etc. rents
S27 20 to so. 0ORE < HILL unc),
jyI9-tt III l4th st.
FOR RENT-FLATS.
10 c sT. sE.-Third fat. fve nicely fur
uished rooms for housekeeping; gas range;
no children, au4-St
FOR RENT-l289 Duncan St ne. one OF
these desirable little four room and bath
fats; porcelain tub etc; rent only $3.50.
To- CLIFFORD 4, BORDEN, 604 5th St nv
Hu4-8t
FOR REET-Seyen room nat; hot-water heat;
all modern improvements. 1900 G st. ne.
aut-3t
lH5 L ST NV. second floor fiat. four
rooms and bath Rent. $50
LOUIS p SHOEMAKER. 6l2 18th s.. na.
au3-3t
FOR RENT-Flat. very desirable: FIVE rooms.
porcelain bath. rear porch. After 3 pm.
1910 New Jersey ave. NV eu2st
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
STEAMBOATS,.
NORFOLK & WASHINGTON
STEAMBOAT COMPANY

F,very day IN the year from foot OF IN
. St for Fort Monroe. Norfolk, Newport
- News and all points SOUTH by the su-
. perb powerful steel palace steamers
- Newport News Norfolk" and
Washington"
I.Y. Washingt 80 pm I1v. PoFtsEo5ath. o pm
I.v Alexandria. Z 90 pm Lv. NorfolA ......6 pm
Ar FIT Monroe. z 20 am Ly. Ft. Monroe...7 pm
AR Norfolk. $500 am Ar Alexandria.6 80 am
Ar POTtSmoutn-rsil9 il9 am AT, washington. z am
. azss Through connection made at Nor
. folk with steamers OF Old Dominion
. Steamship Co. for New York. and Mer-
. chants and Miners steamships for Bos-
. ton,
Ks For further information apply at
- general ticket office. 7O5 I4th st, Col
. orado Building telephone Main-2290)
9Th st. wharf telephone Main-37GOl.
JNO. CALLAHAN
Cd v Prse. & Gen. Mgr.
". Il. CALLAHAN. Gen. Pass. Agt.
de2s-tr
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
Leroy MARK,
"The Oval Sign" 141o G st.

FOR SALE-Two new houses. 1202-12O4 {
St ne; six rooms and reception hall; gas
ranges; hot water heat, set tubs etc: terms
easy, Owner in corner house aust
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
EVERY HOUR ON The HOUR.
WESTWARD.
cHICAGo and NORTHMEsT. q "a q h

CHICAGO and NORTHWEST. 'l1:0o am.
$3.50 pm.
WILLIE, @I0so5 am, 4;0j pm. @I2.45 night
PITTSBURG, s1I:00 an. 'e:16 pm. and
sI2:40 night
CLEVELAND. E9:I5 pm.
COLUMBUS. $50 pm.
WHEELING, 1905 am, $50 pm
WINCHESTER, 1885 am. s'4:05. $500
ANNAPOLIs. week days. 500. I2:o5 noon.
4:00. 600 pm. Sundays. $3.50 am. $50 End
1t LGRAY and ELKToN. '4:O5 pm. through
FREpER1cK. f-FHz ..s:a5. fs;15 f19:o5 ..11 90
am. t1:l5, -.4;05. +-5:35 pm.
pm.
Il:I5 $500, ss5:35. HOBS. ell 80 pm.
GAITHERSBURG and way points. s-s:35
1876 am. ssl2 so. II TO- +'3 80. <5;05 ss5:85
$3.50, i :S5, fl0:I5. 's1I:g0 pm
's8:85. 1915 am. 1l:15, $500. $3.50 pm.
sDaily. s<Except Sunday. Sunday only
Baggage called for and checked from hotels
and residences by Union Transfer Co.. On or
ders left at ticket Offices, SO Pennsylvania
ave NV. New York ave and 10Th St. and
at station.
s. b HEGE. District Passenger Agent
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
$50 CASH.
$50 CASH.

BALANCE MONTHLY. Groom frame house.
near navy yard: 10 feet front; less than $50
monthly pays interest and principal. Buy
one like this and exchange IT for larger one
when paid for Two sold this week, TWO
left. Act quick
The Washington times., 1905-08-04

FOR HORSES, So month; fresh pastures:
running water; Seat Pleasant, Nd Address
STANHOPE HENRY. General Land Office
Washington, d. g au2-7t
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
WANTED-M0NEZZ. =.

WILL GIVE handsome upright piano to any
body who viii go my security for $3.50. Ad-
dress BOX 135, this office. aG3-3t
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
MONEY WAITED AND TO LOAN.

WE HAVE MONEY IN HAND IN
SUMS TO SUIT AT 4kes AND 5R
INTEREST PROMPT REPLIES AND
SMALLEST POSSIBLE EXPENSE.
MOORE & HILL (Inc.). 717 I4TH ST. ,. ".
je17-tf
The Washington times., 1905-08-04
WANTED-FLATS.

WANTED-A four-To0m and bath house
keeping apartment: rent. SI6 per month; per-
manent tenant. Address BOX los, this Of
The Washington times., 1905-08-04

lflj ST. NV. second floor fiat. four
rooms and bath. Rent $50
LOUIS u. SHOEMAKER. 6l2 18th s.. nsy.
au3-3t
FOR RENT-Flat, very desirable: five rooms:
porcelain bath; rear porch. After pm.
1910 New Jersey ave. NV au2-2t
The Washington times., 1905-08-04

FOR RENT-One stan and carriage room
1G2 ST. NV. au4-8t !
FOR RENT-A brick stable. 3 stalls and
carriage house; water; SI2. 1888 18th St
zw. auS-3t
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01

organized. was s2OO,oOO,O 900, and the
value OF its capital stock was ac-
cepted at $75,O00,0O0. It has branch
houses all over the east and west, and in
Europe. II has packing houses In st.
Paul, Kansas City, st. Joseph, st. Louis
and other cities. The death of Gustavus
Swift and Philip ID. Armour did not take
place until both men had seen the re-
suits of their achievements in mammoth
packing plants, and ledger figures Of
millions. The control of the business is
virtually now in the hands of J. Ogden
Armour, who began work for his father
at $40 a week as clerk. and who now is
the dominant factor in meats, grains,
fruits and dairy products in the United
States.
A Chapter Of Beginnings.
Only America can furnish examples OF
such personal achievements as the life
stories Of Swift. Armour and the Cuda-
by brothers disclosed. Sandwich, Mass.
is small town. and Gustavus Swift's
parental home near there was n stony
and improbable farm. When he was
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01

born, June "a. 1889, there seemed no
prospect for the child but to live the pro-
sale life OF farmer, such as his father
and his fathers father had been. He
grubbed amongs the stumps and the
stones and fought with nature for q
meager crop until he was % years old.
Then he moved to Barnstable, full OF
confidence that the ability he had shown
In buying and selling cattle, and swap
ping horses would yield him better
living than he could expect from farm
ing In New England. He bought cattle
at Barnstable. gradually branching out
to Brighton and WATERFOWL, and later to
Albany. In 1869 be discovered there was
more money in western cattle; then he
moved to Brighton, thence to Clinton,
In Massachusetts. His dealings had
been small, and his field had been limit
ed, when he moved to Chicago In 1875.
Neither he nor anyone else guessed his
latent genius for large affairs, for or
ganizing and constructing, which In
very few years In Chicago had become
by growth of business until
his reputation was national.
Philip d. Armour, who started Me as
a blithe and barefooted country boy in
New York state. went to Milwaukee when
he took Horace Greeley's advice to
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01
PWzIo y HRHoIHp

assistants. The great advantage Of the
combine over the independent packers
was, like that OF the Standard Oil COM
pany, rebates from railroads which gave
them immense profits when others were
doing business at a loss. The grip Of
the beef trust is upon so many more peo-
pie and affects the three meals per day
OF all 81 them so vitality that Standard
Oil empire is likely to be outdone unless
the present federal inquiry and the re-
cent decision OF the United States su-
preme court sustaining Judge Gross
cups Injunction against trust methods
results In the enforcement of the laws
CT the land.
The STANDARD Oil company deals in
c,i and It's products. and its profits are a
Itera,e 70 the independence OF the
An, lear people. TIE beef trust goes
ITO 81: .gore bones and names the
{; RI, cay for the fresh meat, the
: .Hssi sai TIE smoked meat, for the
= ,ir me .he hides the fertilizers.
. " - -; o: he beef and hog but
a. 80 cx,s the prices
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01

still matters for proof Even J. Ogden
Armour declared he did not know how
much they were, and his statement is
not questioned.
Present Leaders of the Beef Trust.
Whatever may be said in denunciation
OF the system Of the beef trust. no
charges are made of lack OF integrity, or
truthfulness, or of immortality against
]. Ogden Armour. The operations OF the
trusts have impoverished farmers and
stockmen, have broken banks, have pre-
cipitated strikes, and have caused sui
cides, have ruined towns and cities, but
the personality Of J. Ogden Armour is
that of an interesting, manly and fine
type of American manhood. At his sug-
gestion railroads may dismiss the gen.
eral manager and commission mer-
chants may be blacklisted and ruined,
for the beef trust Is Unsuitable and re-
morseless, but j. Ogden Armour is re-
spected and cordially liked by the en-
ployes who know him, and although he
is hated In Wall street, among his
friends and business associations. and
fellow members of his clubs. he is popu-
lar and companion eagerly sought for.
Less is known OF the head Of the Swift
& Co. corporation than OF the Armours,
because Louis F. Swift's home has al
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01

There was time when the California
Fruit Transportation company was su-
preme in the California fruit trade. But
the Armour interest got contract with
one Of the two great fruit shipping
houses by promising that house $40 a
car rebate on every car of fruit then the
Swifts bought the rival concern, which
by reason of the decline of rs business
as result Of the Armour inroad had
gone to smash, and then by . quiet mu-
tual agreement the Swifts and Ar.nours
had things their own way. .so
The contracts with the railroads re-,
quire OF the roads that they use no other
refrigerator cars than those Of the beef
trust, called by 20 different names; they
require that the cars shall be returned
as speedily as possible, and in fact the
railroads give the preference to the beef
trust cars over their own few refrigerat-
or cars. The minimum loading weight
is as low as possible. 60 that the ship
mentsshall require as many refrigerator
cars as possible, with ccnSequert IN.
crease In tho mileage
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01
rs NJ HIS BEEN
,red by his nerve and faith in the ex-

cured by his nerve and faith in the ex-
pertinent
The various packers during the seven
ties found that success or failure de-
pended on whether they had refriger-
ator cars. They were content to keep
within the legitimate advantages and
profits OF the meat trade, but the smaller
packers were soon put to death by the
big ones who had the refrigerator lines
to club them with.
The fact that the refrigerator cars
were first used by the Chicago packing
houses is one Of the great reasons for the
great growth OF the Chicago livestock
and packing business which centralizes
the beef trust OF the present at Chicago.
This explains the growth Of the re-
frigerator lines until there are In opera
ton $4,000 cars for which every railroad
pays mileage. and which the Armours-
Swifts-C udahys own or control, from
which they derive an enormous annual
revenue.
It Is the ownership OF these refriger-
ator cars which has put the price Of
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01

young men to so west. A brother, Her
man o. Armour, had grain commission
business there, and to this in 1868 the in
dustry of hog packing was added. JOS
eph +. Armour, the younger brother of
Philip, was in charge, and 1t was owing
to his failing health that Philip ID.
moved to Chicago in 1875. He had be-
come familiar with every detail of pork
packing. and had himself done all phases
of it,
Back in the fifties there was potter at
Callan, Ireland, by name Patrick CudaT
by, whose four boys ran barefoot most
the time, and who begged for fresh
meat as luxury. This family of Pat
rick Cudahy came to America in the
Storage, with their carpet bags and
slender purses, in 1S49, and settled at
Milwaukee. Michael Cudahy was old
enough to do chores around the slaugh-
ter houses where his father found en-
ployment, and by attending school In
spare hours he acquired simple educa
ton. which he always improved upon
later, when he had opportunity. When
he was 10 he went to work in packing
house, and at 25 he went into business
for himself as a retail butcher. But
Plankington & Armour offered him
charge of their packing plant, which
was worth perhaps s35 ,0O0-considera
BILE in those days, mere bagatelle in
these days of big trusts. His sue
cess as manager brought out an offer
from p. ID. Armour in 1873 for Cudahy to
become partner in Armour & Co. He
did so, and for 20 years had the practical
management of the stockyards end of
the business. He was rich, both in mon
ey and in good will of Mr.. Armour, and
in reputation, when he established the
Cudahy Packing company, which was
taken into the merger at valuation of
$15.000,O00.
Trust Magnates Live Simple Life.
us Swift and p. ID. Armour retained the
simple habits of their youth, OF early
rising. and of going to bed early. With
all their wealth they cared little for So
ciety and we're rarely seen. Both men,
but particularly Armour, were very APP
proachable by any of their men, ready In
sympathy and prompt to assist in times
OF trouble.
The business of the Swifts descend.
ed to Edward c. Swift and Il. f. Swift,
but J. Ogden Armour. the only surviving
son of p. ID. Armour. is the nominal and
practical head of the packing interests.
Like his father. he is simple in his taste
and without aristocracy or snobbisn-
ness, as genial and unaffected with an
underling as with head Of a depart
ment
What the profits Of the beef trust are
cannot be estimated. although Commits
sioner of Commerce Garfield. in his re-
port to congress. after investigation OF
the beef trust, gave them at 80 cents a
head for every creature killed. This did
not take into consideration the rebates
paid to the railroad. which rebates are
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01

chung with the tenacity of an inventor.
and upon which he staked his .all,
brought II to pass.
We have said that Gustavus Swift left
the cattle buying business In Brighton
and other Massachusetts, towns when he
discovered how superior western cattle
were over those of the east, and how
much more money there was for him In
dealing in westerns,
ALTHOUGH he later gave evidence OF the
innate genius for organization and mon
ey making, he had not up to his remov-
al to Chicago been successful except In
very small way. Utmost frugality and
incessant attention to business had CIV
EN- him a slender bank account.
The First Refrigerator Cars.
Nelson Morris, who was rated as one
of the cattle kings" in the Chicago
yards even then, had been experiment
ing with the shipment Of meats in box
cars packed with ice. These experiments
had been very crude and not entirely
satisfactory to Morris, but Swift had
seemed to have prophetic vision Of the
present day. He could see that II meats
could be shipped east dressed there
would be great saving over the method
of the day, shipping live cattle, beef on
the hoof' He realized that the beef
business would surely grow and that the
economy of the new method would mean
great deal of money. He formed de-
termination which later discourage
ments showed nothing could break to
succeed in shipping dressed beef.
About that time an inventor by the
name of Tiffany had invented and pat
ented refrigerator car which promised
to be successful. He tried to get back
ing, and Morris refused It, Gustavus
Swift, practically unknown, asked the
railroads to furnish some Of those cars
and he would furnish the dressed beef
for the east The railroads refused. To
build and own such cars would take sew
eral thousand dollars, and Swift could
not we'll spare 1t from his business,
which was growing so fast that 1t kept
him cramped for capital. His associates
In the packing business told him he
would "go broke" II he put any money
into the Tiffany cars. but he risked fail
ure and consequent ruin, and plunged In,
having three cars built. The railroads
were to haul these cars. and Swift had
no thought of asking pay for the mileage
travelled by his cars. He was satisfied to
have the advantage over competitors of
owning and shipping in refrigerated
cars.
Growth of Private Car Line Evil
When the trial of the cars had become
more than an experiment Swift realized
1t was a success. and as fast as he could
he had more of them built. Morris, too,
and others at the Chicago yards had re-
frigerator cars constructed for them.
Dressed beef could be shipped to eastern
points at such great saving over ship
ping live cattle that there was saving
to consumers, which stimulated the de-
mand for dressed beef. and big profit
for the packers. The refrigerator cars
had come to stay. and Gustavus Swift
managed to maintain the lead he had Sc
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1905-04-01

This Is page from the Arabian
Nights tales, with Aladdin outdone; the
story OF the rise of the Armours, the
Swifts. and the Cudahys-the Armours
from the farm barn yard near Stock
bridge, N. ", the Swifts from the killing
pen OF butcher shop in Barnstable,
Mass, the Cudahys from the peat boys
at Callan, In county Kilkenny, in Ire
land, to the height of an ability to or
ganize an Industrial combine with cap
ttalization OF $500, 100000
Less than half a century has seen the
comparative poverty of the beef trust
magnates transformed to an opulence
beyond the dream of king or courtier of
q century ago.
In 1866 the packing industry in Chica-
go, which the giant intellects of Gus
tavus F. Swift, now dead, of Philip D..
Armour, now dead, and of Michael Cud-
ahy have developed to the industrial
mammoth of the present, had its small
beginning In the slaughter of 6l3 head
OF cattle.
A Billion Dollar Business.
IN ISuf tuc piouuCt VI tic Dttl tIuSt
amounted to over billion dollars. In
1903 the combination slaughtered $751;
697 head OF cattle.
So well laid were the plans OF the
founders of this monopoly that 1t has
gained momentum beyond the power
OF its heads to control; the ever growing
stream OF its immense profits pours in
upon the beef trust from sources which
are SO resistless that the downfall of
Standard Oil supremacy among trusts
seems certain.
Founders Of the Trust.
II Is a tribute well earned by Gustavus
+. Swift and Philip ID: Armour to say
they were the founders of the present
beef combine; that Michael Cudahy was
a powerful aide-de-campa and that Nelson
Morris. George ii. Hammond and others
OF tho Cudahy brothers had been able