The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-04-06
AMERICAN IMMIGRATION.

grafton From the Chief European
Countries" in which attention is called
to the changed aspects of the immigra-
ton to the United States. 1t says that
since 1876 (the first year for which the
statistics of net British emigration can
be given) there have been two great
periods of activity in European emil
grafton, the first beginning about 1880
and lasting for the succeeding ten or
twelve years, and the second begin
ming about 1899 or 1900 and still con-
tinuing. Separating these periods was
period of comparative stagnation,
from 1893 TO about 1898 Thus the
recorded emigration from the principal
European countries for which contin-
uous records are available was $4,000
in 1882; in 1894 it was only $4,000; in
1902 it had risen to Gal 900. Though by
no means the whole of this stream is
directed TO the United States, the al
ternating periods of imitation and de-
preston in America have been the most
potent single factor in the situation.
The financial and industrial collapse of
1898 suddenly diminished the capacity
of America to absorb labor. This was
followed by the great increase of in
dustrial activity which began in 1899.
In the former of the two periods of
contributed large numbers OF the mi
grants TO America. In the latter pc
riod, however, these countries no long
err supplied any large proportion of
these migrants. who were largely con-
tributed by Italy. Austria-Hungary,
and Russian Poland The total volume
of British emigration to all destina-
lions did not diminish in proportion to
the fall in such emigration to America.
but found. to- some extent, other fields
within the Empire German emigra
ton. on the other hand. has largely
diminished. while that from Italy and
Austria-Hungary has very rapidly in
creased.
In order to bring out the great
change which has taken place in recent
years in the character of these sources,
it is of interest TO compare the two
periods 1S79-1SS2 and 1S99-19O5, which
were the two periods of greatest ex-
pansion of immigration into the United
States within the series of years COW
cred by the table. 1t so happens that
~ IF r.
tically the same in two cases, viz,
544, 600 in the three years 1S79-1SS2, and
545, 600 in the four years 1S99-19o3 but
the sources from which the increased
very widely.
In the early eighties the great in
crease of immigration into the United
States was mainly accounted for by
the following countries:
Increase in 1882
Group L: compared with 1879.
Germany ..-....... ...-....--. Zl6,OO0
United Kingdom ..........-..... 1890"
Sweden .............. .-.-.-..-... 54,oOU
Total of above. $4,000
or nearly three quarters Of the whole
increase.
I'm the last revival of immigration
into the United States the principal
elements were very different:
Increase in 1908
Group II: compared with 1899
italy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. l53,O00
Austria II l44 OUU
Russia Gncluding Poland) ....... $4,000
Total of above. ..-.............. $4,000
: OF over two-thirds of the whole in
crease.
1.-THE change of sources from which
the population of the United States is
recruited is even more clearly brought
fout when we show the relative con-
tributions of the countries of Groups I
and II to the total increase of immi-
grafton in the two periods compared:
| 1882 1908
! compared compared
with 1879. with 1899.
Total increase. $4,000 $4,000
Increase from coun-
tries of Group l.. 399, 600 10000
Increase from coun-
tries OF Group II. $1,000 1000
| I'm other words the expanding United
States labor market now exercises its
chief attractions on the populations of
south and eastern Europe-south TIA
+, ians, Hungarians, Poles, and Jews
/ from eastern Europe-in place of the
Teutonic races of northern Europe