The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1905-01-21
THE COMMON LIVER FLUKE IN HAWAII
PRESS BULLETIN NO. II

lulu during period OF SIX months in
lection OF the districts this parasite
has become pizoo among cattle calls brief compilation con-
corning the disease transmission and remedies An earlier
record places the OF @ cattle killed for market still higher
In parts nearly been destroyed
y me dseasc the sheep from dry districts however are IL"
1eced OF 6o2 calves examined Honolulu 298 were found "
tested OF 2S6 cattle infested that about Jour
sevenhs OF the animals diseased
The disease because OF its varying
symptoms variety has received numerous
common names the most familiar OF which are perhaps the s
rot and "liveot adult OF this species are
man, sheep, swine rabbits horses, goats, deer and
other veebra during phase OF intermediate develop
ouca) The disease caused
by this parasite especially sheep with the
injury cattle and From reports It would
portion attack
cattle been as in Hawaii.
What iver-auke is-The parasite is OF the
faworms CTematoda) Ditoma hePaticu1
In is perfectly fat unsegnented and ak and
the specimens infected cattle varied from inch TO
inch length (See ) It infes in cattle the liver
gallbladder bneducts and has been found the lungs
The life history OF the Hverfuke (See Plate -
The fe-istoy OF the huke is very complicated affair occupy
from brief OF the important phases
sufficient purposes this paper The (see Plate
and b adult fuke numbering from
the liver OF the infested stock through the beduc the
intestine which they expelled
develop fall be washed
In water only there develops within the
cated embryo which finally bursts through the eggshell
actively To further develop this
find in with certain freshwaer
snas Two species OF intermediate hosts recorded from
Islands ee and Lmnaea
rubea The species occurring Oahu and Maui and the
latter Oahu and Kauai.
probable species generally distributed
Islands, districts free from these species
certainly for sefcon
graduation their part the OF the
presence equally the
OF anchers the OF the fuke itself To
continue e-historythese swimming ciated embryo
(mracdium see g. size, bore their into
OF enough seek
Judgement in the liver parts body
change the ecyce The organism becomes quiet and
sporocist Plate D. In this inactive
sporocyst gives organ within
These rede be considered second
which leave sporooyt when
liver OF the snail there still another mupica
OF individuals that IS each reda (se Plate Ed rise
development still third The
from the themselves
grass Plate F. such plants may in
about standing during OF high they
be range recede
grass away again they may washed
higher fields below. On becoming
grass plants
encysted again period
with grass Jorge plant by
stock feeding
nluch-pzed forage plant (Con1ena
1ora) which grows abundanty about throughout
eating plants
encysed cyst covering
destroyed and the undeveloped veuk becoming again
the through either gaducts portal
completing the Me-cycle.
The immense number eggs the large increase OF each
Intermediate generation would
almost beyond numbers,
Individual reaching maturity place lew indeed
eggs faeca ind their way which
hey may hatch the second Again all Of the resulting
lated enbryos finding particular
water snais special Failure to find the
proper Finally. all the
VISITED undeveoped grass are eaten bv stock
plainly that favorable
standing abounds present
nd about which auenested stock are feeding the lverfuk
Symptoms disease cattleTbe first symptoms are
enerav overlooked disease not attracting attention until te
ppetite diminished Chewing the cud becomes II
egukr, animals become mdebound
ng staring due the muscles OF
he foloes The visible membranes become pale eyes
econe eaciated As the disease advances supply is