The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1905-12-21

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held 1t The Hague. In ltDsDote Of D.
cember q, lSea, the Unttoa States govern.
ment communicated to the Representa-.
lives OF foreign governments its belief
that the conference could be best ar
ranged under the provisions Of the pres
ent Hague treaty.
From all the powers acceptance was re-
ceived, coupled in some cases with the
condition that We should wait until the
end Of the war then wagsng between Rus
STA and Japan. The emperor OF Russia.
Immediately after the treaty Of peace
which SO happily terminated this war.
in q note presented to the president on
September Is. through Ambassador Rosen.
took the Initiative in recommending that
the conference be now called. The United
States government in response expressed
its cordial acQuiescence and stated that
it would, as a matter of course, take part
In the new conference and endeavor to
further its aims. We assume that all
civilized governments will support the
movement. and that the conference is
now an assured fact. This government
will do everything in its power to secure
the success of the conference to the end
that substantial progress may be made
III tue cause OIL lnleTNdllOu6l peace, JUS.
tice and good will.
In the conclusion of this subject he
says:
have dwelt much on the dangers
to be avoided by steering clear OF any
mere foolish sentimentality because
my wish for peace Is SO genuine and
earnest: because l have real and
great desire that this second Hague
conference may mark long stride
f0Nv nvsH S,, ne -
the peace of justice throughout the
world. No object Is better worthy the
attention of enlightened craftsmanship
than the establishment of surer
method than now exists of securing
justice as between nations. both for
the protection of the little nations and
for the prevention of war between the
big nations. To this aim we should
endeavor not only to avert bloodshed.
but. above all. effectively to strengthen
the forces of right. The Golden Rule
should be. and as the world grows in
morality it will be. the guiding rule
of conduct among nations as among
must not be construed. In fantastic
manner. as forbidding the exercise OF
the police power. This mighty and
free republic should ever deal with
all other states. great or small. on
basis of high honor. respecting their
rights as jealousy as it safeguards its
own.
The Monroe Doctrine receives
lengthy consideration. as does also the
appeal of Santo Domingo for assist
ance which the president believes it
is our duty to give.
In treating of the subject OF the
army and navy the president favors
change in the method of promotion.
He would promote officers on merit
S,@r = ,{vpCe n
this method would be conducive to bet
ter efficiency than the one now In
vogue. Hc also recommends an in
crease in the coast artillery: the gar
risoning Of considerable bodies OF
troops at one place. and for an IN
crease and reorganization of the med
ical service in both the army and
navy.
Naturalization Laws.
Legislation In line with the recommends
lions of the naturalization commission ap-
pointed by the president last March is
asked for. These recommendations are
given as follows: . .....e-. ,....-s.,
First. A federal bureau OF naturaliza-
| ton. to he established in the department
| of commerce and labor. to supervise the
administration of the naturalization laws
! and to receive returns of naturalizations
pending and accomplished.
certificates, fees to be charged. and pro-
cedure. t.. .-...s.a
Third. More exacting qualifications for
citizenship.
Fourth. The preliminary declaration of
! intention to be abolished and no alien to
he natural.zed until at least 40 days after
| tho filing of his petition. -....5.,..-..
Fifth. Jurisdiction to naturalize aliens
to be confined to United States district
courts and to such state courts as have
jurisdiction In civil actions In which the
| amount in controversy Is unlimited: In
cities Of over l00U0 inhabitants the
| United States district courts to have ex-
elusive Jurisdiction in the naturaliza ton
OF the alien residents of such cities.
Public Land Laws.
Recommendations for changes tn the pub.
Tic land laws are made. and In this connec-
tton tho president says:
The creation of small irrigated
| farms under the reclamation act Is n
tain other laws to foster or permit
monopoly of the land. Under that act
| the construction of great irrigation
works has been proceeding rapidly and
successfully, the lands reclaimed are
| eagerly taken up, and the prospect
that the policy Of national irrigation
will accomplish all that was expected
of 1t is bright. The act should be ex-
tended to include the state of Texas.
The reclamation act derives much
OF it's value from the fact that 1t tends
to secure the greatest possible num-
her of homes on the land. and to cre-
ate communities OF freeholders. in part
by settlement on public land. in part
by forcing the subdivision of large
private holdings before they can get
water from government irrigation
works. The law requires that no right
to the use of water for land in private
ownership shall be sold for a tract
exceeding 160 acres to any one land
owner. This provision has excited ac-
tive and powerful hostility, but the
success of the law itself depends on
the wise and firm enforcement of 1t.
for frcehOlders on the public domain.
The greater part of the remaining
public lands cannot be irrigated They
ways be of greater value for grazing
than for any other purpose. This fact
has led to the grazing homestead Of
GAO acres in Nebraska and to the pro-
posed extension of it to other states
1t is argued that family cannot he
supported on 100 acres Of arid grazing
land. This is obviously true: but
neither can family be supported on
$40 acres of much Of the land to which
it is proposed to apply the grazing
homestead. To establish universally
any such arbitrary limit would be un-
wise at the present time. 1t would
probably result on the one hand in
charging the holdings Of some Of the
great land owners. 'nnd on the other
in needless suffering and failure on
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