davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
MAKING MAPLE SUGAR.
THE AMERICAN INDIANS THE
FIRST SUGAR PRODUCERS.
They Dropped Red Hot Stones Into
the Sap.-The Present Indus try an
Important Onc.-Nuch AduItera.

AEnPOE OAi(s-AAa(AA <A4oA$(4 g.
ton.
From time unknown the Indians
tapped the sugar maple trees for
sweets. They made diagonal cuts in
the trunk and drove reeds or pieces of
concave bark into the lower ends to
convey the liquid into j bark trough
or other receptacle They boiled the
sap by dropping hot stones into lit. In
some cases they allowed the liquid to
freeze, and by throwing out the ice
sufficient water was removed to allow
the syrup to crystalline.
For q hundred years or more the con-
ditions of producing maple sugar
changed but slightly over those prac-
ticed by the Indians, except that the
cooking vessels were made of iron or
copper in place of vessels of clay or
bark.
Sugar Camrc In thu Woods.
The boiling was generally done In the
open woods, and with no shelter from
the weather, leaves, pieces of bark,
ashes, drippings from the trees and
other impurities fell into the open
pals and kettles The old-fashioned
potash Kettle was suspended over the
fire from one end of a long, heavy pole,
which, by weights at the other end,
could be easily manipulated, either to
regulate the distance from the heat, or
to swing the kettle on or off the FIRE
a crude crane. Sugar was made by
boiling down the thin syrup until it be-
came waxy when dropped into the
snow; then it was ready to be poured
into the moulds. The increasing de-
mand for maple sugar has brought with
it revolutionary methods.
One of the first changes was the
adoption of the angur hole and wooden
or metal spout in place of the old de-
structiye ax-cut and open wooden
spout. At first the sap was generally
On in6 fr flln fro n
buckets by hand or with shoulder
yoke; but as the scale of operations
increased the gathering tank was intro
duced, and where the work is on a
large scale, pipes are often run through
the "bush," as the grove is sometimes
called, connecting with the sugar house
or with the large storage tanks on the
roadside, while in one large Adiron-
dack sugar grove narrow-gauge rail-
way is used for collecting sap.
The Passing of the Kettle.
About the middle of the nineteenth
century there was a change In the ac-
tual process of sugar making, through
the adoption of an iron pan in place of
the old kettle. The earliest form of
evaporation was probably a shallow pan
about so inches wide, g inches deep,
and from 6 to 10 feet in length. This
was supported by a thin-walled flre-box
of stone or brick. The greatest por-
ton of the under surface of this pan
being exposed to the heat of the fire,
caused mere rapid evaporation, the use
of less fuel and quality of syrup and
sugar far better than by the kettle
method. The manufacture of this new
style of pan led to the erection of build
ings for their shelter. Then followed
a form of pan with partitions to cause
an alternating flow, this improvement
allowing the sap to enter at enc end of
the evaporation and to flow from side to
side through succeeding compartments,
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30


supposed that their adoption has been
universal, for there are still many parts
of the country in which sugar is pro-
duced only In a small way, and almost
every form of sugar making, even the
primitive may yet be found Many
eaters OF maple sugar, as a matter Of
fact, prefer the coarser open kettle
sugar to the smooth, deIicately favored
sugar produced by improved evapora-
ton. The former is darker in color and
stronger in the maple taste. Honest pro-
ducers endeavor to market tkcir sugar
and syrup direct or through the asso-
Citations, instead of selling it to whole
salers, who, as a rule, mix it with glu-
cose and other adulterants-
The New England States are the
greatest producers, Vermont heading
the list with an average annual produc-
ton of about 100000 pounds of
sugar and 100000 gallons OF syrup.
The total production of maple sugar in
the United States is about 10000, 900
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
Yersed in Pig Language.

Wages of farm 1aborers in England
are enticing. An advertiser in the
Wimbledon, England, Gazette wants
"a lad about 20; must be churchman
of good education, who can drive a
horse and cart, assist in the stable and
garden (melons and cucumberS), milk
cows and understand pigs; must be ac-
customed to wait at table and of gen.
tlemanly appearance; early riser and
teetotaler; good references required"
The wages Of this farm hand of di-
versified accomplishments are to be
$50 a year, but he must lodge out and
furnish his own meals, except dinner.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
Warned of Second Battle.

It was more than a year later, Au-
gust %, 1862, that Mrs. Dogan, after
clearing up the breakfast dishes, was
told by a staff officer of Stonewall
jackson to move off her farm, as there
would be fighting there that day.
There had been heavy fighting the day
before around GAINESVILLE, three miles
down the pike, and the night before
Jackson had taken up his position
along the abandoned railroad bed from
GAINESVILLE to Sudley, and which passes
about 500 yards back of the Dogan
house, there to await the coming of
Longstreet through Thoroughfare Gap
and the approach of General Pope
with the Union army from the direc-
ton of Manassas. Mrs. Dogan had
not reached her fathers house, two
miles away, when Union battery and
supports took station near the Dogan
house and opened on Jackson'S line
All that and the next day there was
fierce and bloody fighting around Grove
ton OF the conditions there she
said:
Funeral parties of both armies
We're burying the dead, though they
had not long been at this horrible
work. The Confederates dug long.
deep trenches and laid their men in
the ground that way. The Union
burial parties only shoveled mounds
of dirt over the bodies where they
lay, and two or three days later a
heavy rain made the field hideous-
When the children and / got home
parties of men were collecting the
wounded and putting them in rows
here In the yard and wherever there
was shade. Doctors We're cutting off
legs and arms and the moaning was
awful. They hadn't brought in all the
wounded. There We're hundreds scat
tered all around the farms. The chill
dren and 1 took buckets of water out
into the fields and We worked thai
way all day and into the night. doing
what we could for the poor fellows
| Most of the wounded on our farm
were Yankees, but that didn't make
| any difference to us after they go
hurt. All our bed sheeting and table
linen went for bandages-"
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
Many Miles Shorter.

The time is perhaps not distant when
engineers viii cut a canal through the
base Of the Michigan peninsula and
thus couple up Lake Huron and Lake
Michigan. A ditch 1o5 miles would re-
duce by $50 miles the aIl-water route
between Buffalo and Chicago. The
route across the Michigan peninsula
which has been suggested lies from To-
ledo on the east to South Haven on
the west. The topography of the land
presents none of the great obstacles
which were overcome in the Erie,
Chesapeake and Ohio and other great
American canals The commerce of the
Great Lakes is vast enough to deserve
all the short cuts which engineering
skill and wealth can command.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30

a proposition to join Lakes Superior
and Michigan 1876 miles west of Sault
Ste. Marie. 1t is contemplated to uti-
lie White Fish River, which flows
from very near the north shore of the
northern peninsula of Michigan south
ward into the Little Bay de Noquette
due north of Chicago. OF the 40 miles
across the peninsula only about 16
would need to be dredged.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
BY An Eye Witness.

srrhe Yankees We're all around Cen
treville and our boys were laying
.,onr Bull Run. Some of our troops
kept coming through Gainesville from
the Valley CThis was Johnstons
army which had slipped away from
Patterson's troops in the shenandoah
Valley and was reinforcing Beaure-
sard1 early Sunday morning We
heard shooting down the pike towards
the Stone Bridge, and my huspano
called out that the Yanks We're COM
ing. We went up to the top OF that
hill yonder and some of the neighbors
also came up. We could see the
smoke rising above the trees about
the Stone Bridge" CThiS was Tyler 8
division of the Union army engaging
Cooke and Evans brigades posted on
towards Sudley we coulds see clouds
of dust rising over the woods" CIhls
was Mcdowell with the divisions of
Hunter and Heintzelman executing
the flank movement After the
shooting had been going on for half
an hour We could see crowds of men
running back from the Stone Bridge
to the Sudley- road and then going
north towards Sudley. Southern
troops were coming up from towards
Manassas, marching across the Henry
farm. then over Buck Hill and on to-
wards Sudley'' CThe Cenfederates
had discovered the Union turning
movement and were preparing to
check IT'D <sNot long after all this, the
shooting began between the pike and
Sudley. We could hear the sharp
cracking of the muskets and the loud
reports of the cannon, and could hear
men shouting. Not long after, the
men who had marched towards Sudley
came running back through the
woods and over the fields, stopping tc
shoot now and then. More Confed
crates were coming from Manassa:
and were forming on Buck Hill and
the Matthews farm" cThese were thu
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
The Famous Moseby Men.

Mrs. Dogan's house was the rendez-
vous of Moseby's Rangers scouts"
..bushwhackers,' pirates vaFiously
called, many of whom are still living,
scattered throughout Northern Vir-
ginia. The morning after Moseby
took General Stoughton and staff, pris-
oners at Fairfax court house, the
whole party ate breakfast at Mrs. Do
CAMS The old lady was a star wit
ness in the Congressional inquiry into
the Fitz-John Porter case. She testi-
fed that Longstreet and staff took
breakfast with her on the morning of
August % and that regiments of his
corps were marching down the pike
from Gainesville This did much. to
establish Porter's contention that
when he and his division lay behind
Dawkin's branch on August % Long
streets whole corps was in front of
him extending from Jackson's right at
Groveton-
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
The BIifhesome Locust.

From The Washington Star
Look here, Mistuh Locus bug, a.
screechin' in de tree,
We been a lis'nen' to you till ives
tired as we kin be.
You singin' an a-playin' like you hated
fob to quit
You pears to has you s'picions- dat you
made a pow'ful hit
De leaves is gettin' yaller an de grass
is turnin' brown,
An de sun he keeps a-biazin' on de
country an de town.
It's dat ar conjur chorus dat you sings
dat makes it so.
1 ak you, Mistuh Locus, aim you never
gwine to go?
You boiler in de daytime an you boiler
in de night
You's got de moon discouraged TIL
she's slidin out o. sight
An when you KEEP a-singin' till ives all
ya-feelin' sad,
You stahts to play de fiddle. am you
plays it mighty bad.
De tree toad is discouraged an de
cricket's keepin' dark
De lightnin' bugs so warm dat he's
afraid to show a spark.
Miss Katydid's a-waitin' it's time she
had \ show.
AZ you, Mistuh LOcu6fs amt yoU 0eyez
gwtne to GOT
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
PENSIONS.

Over one EilliOn Dollars
allowed our clients during the last
six years.
Over one Z h O u . a N q
claims allowed through us dur
ing the last six months. Dis.
ability AGE and In
CT a . . pensions obtained
in the shortest possible tt me.
WiGowSs claims specially.
Usually granted within 80
days if placed with us immedi-
ately on soldiers death. Fees
fixed by law and payable out of
allowed pension. A successful
experience of rs years and benefit
of daily calls at Pension Bureau
are at your service. Highest ref
erences furnished. Local Magis-
trates Pc uxa i a ri1y
benefited by sending US
claims.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30

reaching the other end in the form of
syrup. This is practically the form of
evaporation in use to-day. Improve
ments have been made in the method
of firing, and from the old, rough fire
box has been evolved the modern
portable arch, made of iron, lined with
fire brick and provided with CRATE bars
and accurate hampers, so that the heat
is more regular, while no smoke is al
lowed to escape.
Steam Pipe Evaporators.
Probably the latest Improvement in
syrup making is that adopted by a
manufacturer in the Adirondacks. A
series of steam pipes is placed in the
evaporating pan and the sap made to
flow around them. The process is
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
rTaE BELLE OF BATTLES. ;.
RELICS OF TIE BATTLEFIELDS
OF Bull RUN.

Two Ancient Citizens Who Viewed
the Slaughter and Cared for the
Mounded.-Both Still Living on
the battle-ground.
ssThe Belle of Battles is a tit1e-a
sort of a nom de guerre-borne by Il
venerable woman who lives at Grove
ton, Prince William county, Virginia,
a war-worn hamlet in that blood
soaked region wherein the first and
second battles of Bull Run and scores
of less sanguinary engagements We're
fought. Groveton is a hamlet of
tragic memories. 1t is on the War
renton turnpike five miles west of Cen
treyille, three miles east of Gaines
vile, five miles north of Manassas and
two miles south of Sudley- These
were important names in the heroic
age of the Republic.
Though the old lady was known 10
the men of the Federal armies of the
Potomac and Virginia, and 20 the
Confederate army of Northern Fir-
ginia, and is still known the country
round as 1.-THE Belle Of Battles" her
name is Mrs. Lucinda Dogan- She IS
ninety years old, has an excellent
memory, good teeth, does not wear
eyeglasses and can walk miles at q
stretch.
Ninety Year Old Witnesses.
August %, % and 80 are the battle
DAYS of the Second Bull Run. August
30 was Mrs. Dogan's ninetleth birth
day. The forty-third anniversary of
the defeat of Pope b. Lee AMI Jack
son will be celebrated on the field of
Groveton, the centre of the opposing
armies, by a reunion of veterans and
a birthday celebration for the Belle
of Battles. The two observances VIII
be so interviewer that it would be hard
to separate one from the other. An
other feature of the observance viii be
that particular prominence will be
given to an old-time -colored man
whose name is Jim Redmond. Red
mond is also ninety years old
Groveton is a group of three houses
at a crossroad. Mrs. Dogan lives in
one house, Redmond in another and
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30

canal will be built, even though en-
canal will be built, even though the en-
gineers are compelled to go a mile deep
for a foundation for their works. The
United States will never add a chapter
to the history of the de Lesseps failure.
Even if the canal is to. cost a billion
dollars instead of the $200,00O,OOO that
has been estimated, it will be put
through. But it may happen many
times before the job is done that, as
Mr.. Payne suggests, the people Will re
call those aii-night speeches of old
Senator Morgan and be willing to have
them enrolled among the masterpieces
of American oratory."
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
Even If 1t Costs a Billion.

The Des Moines Register and Leader,
in discussing the Panama Canal ques-
ton, says that cit is probably safe, as
the result of all that Is being said, to
conclude that the government has en-
gagged upon an experiment that will
cost more in time and money than any
one has been willing to admit. But the
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1905-09-30
PASTURE LAND IN A MAPLE SUGAR
GROVE.

pounds annually. An interesting illus
trated bulletin has been published by
the Department of Agriculture, giving
a detailed description OF methods of
sugar land syrup making, and also in
formation and advice as to the best
methods of planting and caring for
maple groves to insure the highest re-
turns to their owners. The bulletin al
SO describes the various methods and
practices of adulteration largely in
vogue, some of which are hurtful to
health, while others are simply frauds
practiced on the purchaser.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-06-28
NEW BOTTLING WORKS
PROGRESSIVE CITIZENS WILL MAN.
 UFACTURE SODA WATER.
Messrs. Robertson and Stuart Purehass Factory and Equip it in Modern Style-Ge0rge Boos as
 Foreman.

The Robertson Stuart Bottling Works is the newest addition to the manufac- turing enterprises of Montgomery.
 Messrs. W. T. Robertson and M. w. Stuart have closed a deal whereby the bottling plant of the Johnson Manufac- turing Company at 126 North Perry Street. passed into their hands. They have equipped the plant with the latest and most improved bottling machines and have employed the most skilled workmen. They will. in fact. develop the bottling business In Montgomery on a more progressive scale than ever be- fore.
 The new establishment will manufac- ture and bottle carbonated and soda waters. mineral waters and other bot tied drinks. A speciality will ba. made aso of domestic extracts.
 Brand new wagons and fancy teams representing the new bottling works will attract attention on the streets to- day.
 Messrs. Robertson and Stuart, two of the most progressive business men of Montgomery, have already secured the well located business place formerly used by the Pioneer Soda Water Manu- facturer of Montgomery, at the corner of Perry and Columbus Streets.
 George Boos, well-known in Mont gomery as the most expert extract cut ter and soda water maker in Alabama, has been engaged as foreman of the new establishment. --adv,
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-06-28
CHURCH'SCORNERSTONE
IMPRESSIVE CEREMONY TO TAKE
 PLACE THURSDAY.
Dr. M. B. Wharton to be One of the Speakers at Exercises of First
 Baptist Church
 Congregation.

The corner stone of the magnificent new edifice being erected at the corner of Perry and Alabama Street to be oc- eupied by the First Baptist Church of Montgomery, will be laid with appro- priate and impressive ceremonies, Thursday afternoon at 4:S0 o'clock.
 About three years ago the movement of worship was inaugurated. Since that time. the First Baptist Church has sold the site of the old church on North Court Street, has purchased the entire block bounded by Perry. Law renee, Alabama and Scott Streets. has broken the ground for the building and now a great mass of stone is rearing of that section of the city, giving the people of Montgomery an idea of the magnif1cence of the new church. When completed 1t will be one of the hand somest in the Southern States.
 The ceremony of Thursday afternoon will be public and all are invited to attend There will be a praise ser vice of singnig and scriptural reading and addresses will be delivered by Dr. pastor of the church, representing the Baptist denomination, by Dr. J. A Rice. pastor of the Court Street Methodist Church, representing the other Chris tian denominations, and by Rabbi A. J. Messing. Jr.. of Kahl Montgomery. representing the non-Christian bodies and the various civic and fraternal organizations.
 The services will be conducted by Rev. Chares A. Stakely. D. D.. pastor of the First Baptist Church and he him. self will lay the corner stone of the building announcing Its historic con tents and attaching the final seal
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-06-28
A LAWN MUSICALE.
Successful Entertainment for the
 NeiuhhorhOod House.

NGtKnUDFuOO0 hOuSes
 The musicale given at o'clock last Club on South Perry street for the benefit of the Neighborhood House at West End was artistically and inan- cially great success.
 The beautiful and expansive green Lof the club grounds were brilliantly illuminated with incandescent light bulbs and Japanese lanterns and the audience occupied seats on the lawn immediately in front of the veranda of Mir. J c. Abercrombie's residence which was used as stage for the per- formers.
 Each number of the program, (which is reproduced. was well received and warmly encored. Mir. Christians bar itone voice was heard to exceptional advantage. Miss Marks charmed her execution in her violin playing. Misses Lovelace and Booth were particularly expressive in their work and the voice of Mir. c. Guy Smith. of New York. combining the qualities of, sweetness. strength and harmonious cultivation
 The program was:
 Song of the Cavalry Sabre. E. M |. Grant-Mr. Christian.
 Andante (2nd concerto), H. Cieux Temps-Miss Marks.
 Cavalier (Queen of Sheba). Gounod -Miss Lovelace (with violin.l
 (a) Under the Rose. Vim. Arms Fish CT; 6b) Loves Dilemma. Richardson; 1; (c) Mohac's Field (Had Horse). Kor- bey-Mr. Christian.
 Nympths and Shepherds, Purcell
 Hungarian Dance. wactiez-Miss
 Spring eviolin obligato). A. We'll
 selected-Male Quartette.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-06-28
Mir. Judd. Bar Association Orator yVtI
 Reach Montgomery Tonight.

MT. Judds Ear Association orator Wui
 Reach Montgomery Tonight. Hon. John W. Judd. Of Nashville. Tenn, who is to deliver the annual address before the Alabama State Bar Association which begins it's meeting in the hall of the House of Represen- tatives Friday morning at 10 o'clock will reach Montgomery tonight, com ing direct from the Tennessee capital.
 Mir. Judd will be accompanied by Mrs. Judd and they will be the guests while in Montgomery of MT. and Mrs. George W. Jones of Sayre street.
 The address of Mir. Judd will be one of the most interesting features of the annual meeting of the Alabama lawyers. He will speak on The Four teenth Amendment. its History and Evolution MT. Judd will speak at noon Friday and the public. especially the ladies. are invited to hear him.
 Among the other speakers at Fri days session of the Bar Association will be Hon. w. L. Chambers. Of Washington, D. C.. and Armstead Brown of Lafayette.
 Saturday the session of the Associa- tion will be held at Jackson's Lake where a barbecued dinner will be served the lawyers and>their invited
 The speakers at the Lake session will be Lawrence Cooper. lof Hunts, vile Emmett A. O'Neal. of Florence. and Henry Fitts. of Tuscaloosa.
 It is expected that the meeting will be one of the largest attended in tho history of the Association and at least ten past Presidents of the Association will be hers,
The Montgomery advertiser., 1905-06-28
FATHER RYAN MONUMENT.
Major Harris Laboring Here In Its
 Interests,

Major W. Hooper Harris, represent ing The Mobile Register. is in Mont gomery to interest patriotic Southern CTS in a movement begun by The Register to build a monument to Fa- ther Ryan. the poet priest of the Gun federacy.
 The Register has undertaken" said Major Harris, 'to build an appropriate and lasting monument to the poet. priest and staunch Southern patriot. The monument is to be placed In a prominent position in Mobile where he was laid to rest Small ontributiuns are asked from all who desire to pre- serve the memory of the sweet singer whose songs moved the. Confederate soldiers to deeds of heroic daring and whose priestly consolation soothed many of the dying, and whose woman ly tenderness nursed many sick and wounded back to health"
 It is proposed, Major Harris says. to raise $10.000 in popular subscriptions for the fund. He has just returned from Birmingham where he says much interest was manifested in the move. ment
 Councils of the Knights of Columbus and Confederate Veterans are espe- oially interested in the Father Ryan monument and Major Harris says he has had much assistance from these sources.
 Any contributions left at The Ad- vertiser office will be received and forwarded to The Register
 Major Harris will spend today in Montgomery.