davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

Thirty-ive persons were killed
"Wednesday In two terrible disasters In
the United States. eighteen In a Penn
sylvanla coal mine aud seventeen
through the breaking Of a water rescr-
volr In South Carolina.
The mining accident occurred In one
OF the shafts OF the Delaware. Lacka.
wanna and Western Company's mines.
about eight miles south OF Wilkes
barre. ut Nanticokc. When the men
started to work eighteen entered the
lowering machine. A few feet below
the surface the steel cable Of the car.
riage. connected with the holsting en-.
CINE. broke. Instantly the heavy ear
shot downward with frightful velocity
and IL and the men were crushed nt
the bottom OF the shaft, several hun
dred feet below.
to reach the men and rescue them II
any had survived. IL was necessary
10 construct n temporary elevator.
however. and every one OF the elgh.
teen miners was dead when their fell
low-workcrs reached the bottom of the
shaft Six feet OF water was In the
bottom OF the shaft. and the men who
were not killed by the fall were drown
ed. The accident was caused by ma
chinery In the engine room going
wrong.
Details from the frightfui disaster Mt
Wlnston-Salem. =. c., where seventeen
persons are known TO have been
drowned. are mcagcr. but II il be-
lieved that many others lost their
lives. The Winston reservoir. stu
ated on top OF a high hill. burst. and
the water swept down the valley with
terrific force. carrying everything be-
fore II.
Houses, trees. animals. human be-
ings, fences and crops were swept
away by the onrushing food. Houses
were crushed like eggshells: trees were
snapped OF or pulled up by the roots.
There was no chance of escape by any
thing In the path OF the water.
The residents OF the Ialley had no
warning OF the approaching catastro-
phe, and men, women and children
were killed almost before they realized
what was happening.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10
LIBERAL VICTORY IN CANADA
Laurier Has Majority OF Nearly Sew
cnty-Bordcu Loses Seat.

Lauricr Has Majority OF Nearly Sew
c~nty-Hordcu Loses Seat
Sir Wilfrid Lauricr and the Liberia
party are masters 81 Canada. The party
which has peer in power for the last
eight years has swept the dominion over
wh~elmingly, against the Conservatives
under the leadership Of Robert Laird
Borden. From latest reports the In.
erals appear to have gained one Of the
most complete triumphs In the history Of
Canadian politics aud. contrary Ia gen.
eral expectation. they will have n larger
majority Ia the new parliament than 10
The old. They are assured Of a majority
Of nearly seventy. as against their late
majority Of hfty-four.
The results show many surprises. The
detection Of former Minister Tarte has
had no effect In the province Of Quebec
and the Conservatives elect only ten
M ibers there. French sentiment was
too strong In this stronghold Of the
French-C Canadians 10 be shaken In any
degree.
In Ontario. where the conservatives en-.
pected 90 make n large gain. the Libcr.
ais have scored instead aud have cut
down the former Conservative majority
Of fifteen Go six.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10
%eoDHe1s R0U1>UeNC

The annual report OF the Pacific Coas;
Company for the year ended June ~
shows total earnings OF S5.DO2.pI2 aud
net earnings OF 81. Isl. ora, a decrease OF
S2G.gIS.
Fearing death was due TO poison. the
family or former congressman ID. G.
Culson, who died ut Middlesborough
Ky, on Sept. 81. has had his bod,
secretly exhumed. and the brain, stom
ach aud liver were taken 90 Louisville
for examination by DIR. s. +. Woody.
Arthur Donoghue OF Chicago, repre-
scnting the National Association OF Posi-
Office Clerks. conferred with Postmaster
General wynne In Washington. He urg
ell uniformity In bonding clerks and IN
making shifts from day 90 night WORK
All his Recommendations will bs taken
No and investigated
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

In this great republic the effort 20 com.
blue national strength with personal FREE
dom u being irlcl un n scale more glsHutic
than ever before n the worlds history. Our
success VIII mca much not only for our.
selves. but for tee future of al mankind:
aud every mnu or woman in our land should
feel the grave responsibility resting upon
Hun or her. for IN the last analysis this
success must deps nd upon the high average
~ our Individual 'ltizcnship, upon the way
la which each OF as does his duty by him.
self nud hIs ueiEhbor.
Now. therefore ]. Theodore Roosevelt,
President % the United States. do hereby
appoint and set ipart Thursday. the alth
~ this November. 60 be olIsrry Ell ns a day
of festival aud thanksgiving by all the peur
ne 81 the United states at home or abroad.
aud do rrromIncnl that on that day they
cease from their b~rilnary occupations aud
gather la their several places IL worship or
ln their homes, dcNoutiy To give thanks unto
Almighty God Tor the bcucuts lie has con.
ferrcd upon ~ rs individuals aud az a ua.
ton. and Co b"SecCh Him that la the future
Hts divine favor may BE- continued To Us.
In witness whereof I have hcrcunto set
my land and caused the seal of the United
States to Lr afixtd. Done ut the City OF
Washington this LIST day OF November In
the year OF our Lord one thousand nine
hundred aud four aud Of the Independence
81 the United States the one hundred aud
twenty. ninth.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

|hccrs closely re-
scInble the c
reported by the ad-
mirnl OF the fishing
feet. When abreast
OF the trawlcrs the
Russian squadron
was formed In two
divisions, the cruis-
ers stcamlng east
and the battle ships
west. the latter get.
ting among the fish,
Ing craft and D q
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10
A Unique Business.

A Cleveland man has started a bust.
ness which promises 10 be a great sue.
cess. He has hired an Office. a large
number of expert sienographcrs and n
number OF telephones. Business men
call IN by Telephone. dictate their let
tiers over the wire TO n stenoGraphcr and
the letters are later sent hack by mes.
senger boys Co be signed.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10
RUSSIANS ADMIT BlUNDER;
SiitIIED THEIR OWN SHIPS

From a reliable source the AssocIa-
ted Press learns that the circumstances
OF the firing rs detailed by Russian Of
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

DR.. Robert Koch Is t be relieved OF
the post OF director of the institute for
infectious diseases nj Berlin aud PEN
stoned.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

Major George w. Evans. chief OF the
snsnc. divisisp OF the Interior Depart
nent. has ss~a an the government s~erVice
.orty years.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

Senior G. Rodriguez OF Bilbao Is In the
United States for the purpose az arrang.
Ing an understanding between the naval
stores dealers Of the United States and
spain.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10
RuSsiA'S BALTIC FLEET.

Squadron Under Way for the Far East
Co Meet IA Japanese.
The Baltic fleet which Russia Is send.
Ing TO the FAR East consists Of seven
b~attleShips. two nrmored cruisers. seven
protected cruisers, twelve destroycrS. one
repairing and one hospital ship. one Ice
bFcpker. n distilling ship and a
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10
The SciEe OF Port Arthur.

General Nogi announced To his army
oct. - that there would be- a BON,
bardmcnt or the whole eastern ridge
OF the Port Arthur dcfcnscs prelimi.
nary to an attempt at It's capture. This
bo"mbardmcut began the neXt day. and
under rover OF the lire the Japanese
regiments drove the Russians out OF
their trenches Ou SungShu aud RIhlung
Mountains. and on tire southern part OF
Pohslnn Mountain. The artillery prac-
tice continued for three days longer.
and on the night OF the t~wcnty.uInth
the Japanese reserves were NOV, up
through the network OF trenche, In
front OF the Kcckwan forts. Right
here our direct information ends.
IL IL probably true that I'VE though
the Japanese capture u of the forts
Oh this ridge they cannot hold II un.
less they capture all or nearly all OF
them. II they accomplish this greater
feat they will not. indeed. have ended
the siege. but they will have finished
the heaviest part OF the task. Certain
forts along the scacoast southeast OF
Port Arthur Will remain In Russian
hands, although perhaps not tenable
against land attack; also certain large
forts west OF Port Arthur, the for OF
the Tiger Tail Peninsula, and the hill
forts Mt the eni Of the Liaoticshan
Peninsula. In these General Stocssel
can continue his desperate resistance
for n time longer.
or the situation on the Shakhc River
we hear hut little. The expectation
early IN the week that u great battle
a impending proved false. The
Japanese have had several small u c
ccsscS. hut while they are In all prob.
ability In n much hcucr position TO
attack than the Russians. they show
no desire To take the aggressive.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

omcihr reports from Port Arthur, made public by imperial headquarters
In Toxic show that the latest japanese attack is by far the greatest since
the beginning of the siege and apparently will end with the reduction of the
most important forts guarding the north and west sides or the citadel The
terrible mr. OF hundreds OF great Siege and naval guns by the Japanese have
battered large holes In the forts crownlng many OF the hills. notably Sungshu.
Rhung and Keckwan mountains, two OF which are shown in the map. and
the lz Etseshan) Notifications. Following the successful bombardment the
Japanese ave captured the trenches supporting many OF these positions. and
from this vantage point the miners and sappcrs have discharged mines OF
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10


hclng in
!, tine fund
the ,-,ndi-
what. they
legislature
u the per-
~. 50 that
the school
n Press. n
b started
Some
South la
h residents
|otcE.'' hut
name and
10 l't the
lily accept
: and he Is
= place OF
|~intcllig.
hy plac,. In
NJ. ~ the
applicable.
Iinc always
9TH
|us to men
b this state
a. the Free
Lis name OF
H.. the Free
|aking. cow
only means
hn run from
n and ohaf
Dor In body
ixxard viii
les. II may
|of one state
rs. another
suckers. but
Dakota from
Is the limit.
me 20 last
hooi teachers
which was
pre- than was
/. For that
were
|lS.3s2 pupils
out OF 1885,
10 he In
" that there
u number OF
the previous
hold a large
=. numbering
|. Tho total.
he school dis
zen. with ~
Ehich amount
and the bal
|es. The La
Oh. which IL
warrants out
warrants and
sdncss. This
We fisM n4h'
| OF resources
part Of tho
Il OF the com.
|ublic lands IL
TO
|r Bach says
, and mus; al
! the state To
|of July. 1904.
OF the pcrma'
q in tL. state
punt has since
atoms filed to
said fund az
PIE" The last
st and income
for each child
making a to-
yest apportion-
j.. The schOcs
of 3:BD chill
|e state. The
indian Ir.scrya.
90 the school
IL very yalua'
ldian chieftaiu
!. Of the Chey
South Dakota
h that he was
had ever seen
|id in his oinc'
lg and brought
|cading men ~.
Ed Swan, sol
lite Swan. wh'
Eftcr gfeeuni
address.
b. nj n separat.
election. For
,Sition Ia issu
|ds for the I'uI
r. system.
v. HerPid No,
b the followin.
aud Its Ia'opi
/ gold, twenty
~ bronze Im,vI
Ehibit and dccr
indian sumnic
at AIadiSn
In mn unusug
I. most fayorT
yanccd
early two bur
normal classs
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10
WAR FOR A WEEK.
SEVEN DAYS HISTORY OF THE
EASTERN STRUGGLE.
Thrilling Stories OF bravery aud Hero
ism Come from Russo Japanese Bat
tieGeid- - Desperate and Prolonged
Seige OF Fort Arthur.

During the week the world received
the W. most thrilling accounts OF the
operations OF the present wal which
have yet been published. The first
was the story OF the battle OF LAO
yang. told by Frederick Palmer In Col.
licr's Weekly. The other was the ac-
count by the Associated Press CORE.
spondent OF the operations about Port
Arthur during the last three months.
Both OF these stories will hereafter
rank among the classics OF war CORE
spondencc.
The Port Arthur story leaves one In
voluntarily with the feeling that war.
though n horrible and brutal thing. is
yet redeemed from part OF it's ugllness
by the lustrous herolsm. ~sclf.sacriiicc.
and devotion OF Its victims. Was there
eve a more wonderful story told Of
forgctfulness or self and love OF coun.
try than this account OF the Japanese
soldiers who fell mortality wounded on
the slopes OF Port Arthur's forts. smll.
Ing because they felt they had done
their part wcllg Or was there ever q
practice OF cooler daring than that OF
the Japanese pioneers who. sent for.
ward 10 cut the cntanglcments which
prevented the infantry charges. tum-
blcd over as dead before the wires.
where they waited until night fall.
then s~tealthily crawlcd on their backs
TO the barbed wire aud nippcd IL with
their pincers?
The enthusiasm among the privates
and under officers was brought out In
the great charge without orders. Two
attacks had been rcpulscd ON the morn.
Ing OF Aug. u. Gen. NogI was In a
quandary. lie called his officers to.
gether. The troops were left 60 their
W devices. and spontaneously By
tens and twentics rushed M the blood
stained hill. Twice they were rolled
back, but the third time made their
efforts good.
The japanese authorities have ac-
knowledged that In the early part OF
June their iirst.class ~battlcship. the
Yashima. 1890 tons. struck u mine
and sunk. The fact was reported nj
the time unonicially. but was officially
uenied by the Japanese government.
The denial was j%uStlhable. for STRATEGY.
cal deceit Is legitimate In war. In the
battle OF Aug. IN. therefore. Togo had
but four battlcs.Iips, against the Rus
slams six, and was outnunbcrcd. How.
ever. he whipped the M~uscovites badly,
scattering some of them aud driving
Ave OF their b~at;!cships back to Port
Arthur, where they have since been
rather severely damaged by the lire Of
NoSi's guns II the icct attempts an.
other sortic IL will be FAR easier work
for Togo than II was ON Aug. 10.
In their statement about the Yashi.
ma II would uOt he surprising II the
laps had been guilty OF another gen.
tie little deception. Though the IA.
shima was sunk In June. 10y this time
II may have been raised and repaired.
When I~;ojcstvcnsky reaches the far
east he should % be NJ all surprised
IL he meets i've nrSt.ciass battlcships
under Togo. I,ut whether Togo has
four baiilrSlipS ar five. he probably
will not have much trouble with 10.
~jestvcnsIy and his cavalrymcn.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

Oh papcrs for sale at this omcA.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

y UWV
ssefs on
pt IN the
4 % tho
ny eases
Is paid
~. who
without
the de-
ire they
i,riurV
asesl Nl
ON the
use them
that the
ind with
X 'f the
n all tho
Ter shape
counties
deferred
G present
i've made
srl,.r Nix,
Saniorn.
me. show
counties
that line.
iraiu,d TO
hclng In
tine fund
Inf "u"-
what they
legislature
4 the per-
~, 80 that
the school
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

indian summer
|iool at Madison
In mn unusual
u most fayora-
yanccd pfcpara,
early two hun
normal c~lasseS
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

V. Herreid Nov.
, the following
aud Its people,
gold. twenty
W bronze med
lhibit and deco
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1904-11-10

h. nj n separate
election. Fort
,Sition Ia issue
is for the I,ur-
r. system.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04

Especial Telegram to Evening Teller.)
WASHINGTON. April 4.-The SUI
preme court today, decided that the
feature of the Hearst case against an
thracite coal carrying companies which
endeavors to force ruling of the in
ter-state commerce commission requir-
ing witnesses and officials on roads In
question To present certain papers and
records access to which is desired.
The court decided that the right TO
direct an appeal to supreme court of
the United States in such cases does
exist and that therefore il took the
case 1t further decides that the COM
mission had a right to take up the case
although complaint of Hearst could
show no financial and direct interest in
the proceedings.
An important part Of the ruling is
that the testimony desired was reve-
lent with that the contract desired
should have been put In evidence. hav-
ting q legitimate bearing on the con-
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
MANY BILLS PASS SENATE
INTRODUCED BY SEN. HEPBURN
Is Up to Congressman French to Get These Bills
Through the Householder News
From Washington

the next session of congress. Al TINS
session the house seems to nave oe-
cided to grant no appropriation OF TINS
character TO Idaho or any other state
Mr.. Clifford Pinchot, Forester. OF .he
Tinted States department or asrlcui-
tire. will visit Idaho during the com
ing summer. and will be the guest OF
Senator Hepburn for several weeks
Mr.. Pinchot expects to give CONSIDER
able personal attention to the matter
of Idaho's. forest reserves, and Will give
heed TO the statements of ldahoans
whose interests are affected by the
withdra wal of large forested areas
Senator Dubois, in reply to the pup
lisbed statement that he intenos u
make his future residence in BOISE
TODAY said: While l greatly admire
sRoise and have many friends in that
community, / have meyer thought Oh
changing my residence from Blackfoot
where l have lived for twenty-four
years. Boise is. 2 yery< beautiful ana
attractive city but all of my properly
CONTINUED On paee ~
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
CANDY CASE
DRACS ALONG
Defense Attempting to Show that
Mrs. B0tkin Didn't Write
the Letter

Especial Telegram to Evening TelleEJ
SAN FRANCISCO, April 4--In TN
Botkin trial this morning w. H. Rnh-
erts, brother-in-law Of the pris0Tres-
testified that she was at his home I'm
Eureka, CAL, June II. 1897, the date
of one OF the anonymous letters wnsr
sent from Frisco to Mrs. Dunning. He
admitted, however, that there was n
mail pouch on the gang plank Of ALI
steamers plying between Eureka and
San Francisco and 1t was the practice
Of the Eureka people to drop leAterM
into the pouch. The letters would tnen
be brought here and postmarked.
VIM, Speegle. editor Of the Etirenn
Standard. gave unimportant testimony
Mrs Speegle testified that Mrs. Bot1in
was at card party In Eureka In IlznAL
1897, but could not remember the dnte-
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
SLAVERY IN 10 =
CONGO STATE
Missionaries Complain that the
Belgians are Violating the
Treaty Rights

,snecial Telegram to Evening Teller)
WASHINGTON. April 4.-William
,,orrison missionary at Luebp. Congo,
ono Of those who recently petitioned
tho state department to interfere in
x,ns Leopold's administration of af-
ta,rs this morning makes specific
charges of cruelty and rapacity against
the Belgian monarch.
He said Il am prepared to prove
that every important treaty stipulation
made with the Congo state at its foun-
daton is being defiantly violated.
Slave trading is systematically done
nv the state. In my district perhaps
two-thirds of the people are slaves
caught in the interior and brought
down for sale. At Isampo one of our
missionaries found eighty-one human
hands drying over the fire to be taken
10 Belgium by the officers as a proof
that their ammunition had not been
wasted" (
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
Especial to Evening Teller)

WASHINGTON. D. c., April A.
senator Hepburn has secured the pass
age OF a number of bills in the senate
Vi Importance to Idaho. Several carry
appropriations, and the rub is going
~ De In getting them through the
nouse' The appropriations committee
III 'he house has come down very hard
=" all appropriations unless of vital
Necessity. The Hepburn bills are as
,oi'oWs; $4,000 for investigating the
Aootenai river and survey of the
o'erhowed areas: $4,000 for the sur
se Oh the Occur dAlene reservation;
s-''ooo for the establishment of a fish
"''ehery, and a bill to clear the OBJ
suuctions in the channel of Salmon
On these bills Congressman
,, .ehch is up against a hard PROPOSE
Hon' and 1t win be nttle short of a
miracle If he succeeds In getting any
,a,, snem through the house, The out.
however, Is very encouraging that
~ '' these bills will be put through a,
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
RAILROADS
CONSOLIDATE
Louisville and Nashville AbsUr1eS
an Auxiliary Road BY Action
OF Stockholders.

Especial Telegram Ia Evening Tellery
KNOXVILLE, Tenn, April THE
stockholders of the Knoxville, LaFol-
lette and Jellico railroad met here to-
day and took Affirmative action on the
proposal Of the directors TO consolidate
with or sell the property to the L.ouis-
vile and Nashville.
The Knoxville. LaFollette and JelIico
road is an auxiliary road, being built
between Knoxville and Jellico. Tenn.
a distance Of seventy miles, to complete
the Louisville and Nashville line from
Cincinnati to Louisville through to At
lanta over the Atlanta, Knoxville ana
Northern route.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
Indication that railroads arc mixed I'D ntbc dcSeand law renea
NO JEWISH I. =
OUTBREAK
Word From Odessa that a Dem
OnStrati0n at this Time
is impossible

Especial Telegram to Evening Teller.)
WASHINGTON, April 4.-Ambassa-
dor Mccormick at st. Petersburg,
cables:
"Rumor concerning the possible
demonstration against the Jews at
Odessa, having reached me- COM
municated to the United States consul
there. He replied that reports that an
anti-Jewish demonstration was not UNI
usual at this season of the year. Owing
to the occurrences of last Easter. The
Hebrew population is exceedingly nerv-
our, but where so energetic and hu-
name man as Governor Neidhart was
in charge of the city and Baron Kaul-
ders as commander of the troops he re-
garded serious outbreak impossible.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
WILL BE CALLED DOWN
Secretary Moody Wants to Know Who
Tempered With the Board

Especial Telegram to Evening Teller)
WASHINGTON. April 4.-Owing to
the commotion stirred in navy circles
by the publication in the army and
navy journal that two kilograms were
sent by high authority 10 the Washing
ton court of inquiry in the Illinois,
Missouri collision case before the board
concluded its sessions Secretary Moody
has instituted a thorough investigations
to determine whether or not the boar4
was tampered with as intimated- The
secretary denies all knowledge Of thu
telegrams.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
MORMONS HOLD
A CONFERENCE
Interesting Developments Expect.
ed in the Next Three Days
at Salt Lake

Especial Telegram to Evening Teller.)
SALT LAKE. April 4.-Not since the
dedication of the Temple has there
been as big crowds of Mormons as re
focking here to attend the annual COM
florence. The conference opens tomor-
row with delegates from Mexico. Cam
ada, and nearly ever state in the union
arriving. In view of the recent Smoot
agitation interesting developments are
expected in the next three days. Word
from Washington says that still an
other batch of subpoenas was mailed
to Utah yesterday.
Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903-1911, 1904-04-04
ATTACKED BY
THE NATIVES
British Force in a West African
Expedition Cut to
Pieces

Especial Telegram to Evening Teller.)
LONDON. April 4.--Heavy fighting
In Nigeria. West Africa is reported.
The British square was broken into
and many soldiers were killed and
wounded. The Nigerian force was the
British punitive expedition organized
by Sir Frederick Lugard against the
murderers of Captain Oriordhn and c.
Amayott Burney ambushed by the Ok
potos in 1903.