davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09
Potato hight.

According to the New York expert
ment station, potato blight has been
very destructive in New York state
during the past two seasons, and grow
ers are considering more earnestly than
ever before the feasibility Of adopting
some means of prevention. For years
scientists and Investigators have held
that the diseases responsible for far
the greater part of what is called
blight are largely preventable and
have advocated the use of bordeaux
mixture as an easy, cheap and practi.
cal remedy for these diseases. AS a
result Of spraying by five farmers an
increase of sixty-one and quarter
bushels per acre was shown. In a test
at Geneva there was a gain Of eighty.
three bushels to the acre for three
sprayings and 11S bushels from fve
sprayings On Long Island the gains
were thirty-nine and a half and fifty,
six bushels per acre from three and
i've sprayings respectively
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09
Feeding the Little ones.

Feeding small chicks is often difficult
where large and small chickens run at
large in the same lot, as the larger
crowd the weaker and take most Of the
food. Get one or more big but low
dry goods or grocery boxes and remove
part Of each side, making the opening
just high enough to permit the smaller
chicks to enter. Stretch a wire from
side to side at the top and throw feed
inside for the younger broods. They
will quickly learn to start for theiI
own quarters when the feed dish ap.
3nars
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09

are light
1rnish the best
u bread, the light
Inviting rolls and biscuit.
re best known by our standard
Quality and perfectly made small
things. ''The best for you is the best
for us''-that's our motto.
A. KOCH,
THE MANTUA BAKER.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09
TOULOUSE aANpER.

noisy African, this docile fellow seem
ed remarkably quiet considering his
vigor and activity. He is, we believe,
the best formed Toulouse gander we
have seen in America, as well as being
very sound in color points, and shows
the correct Toulouse type, of head,
neck and body. We have seen some
apparently deeper breasts on very fat
birds, but as a rule obtained at the
expense of vigor and productiveness.
This bird won his first prize at the
American
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09
Farmers Cooperation Big Success

Farmers Cooperation a Big Success
Webster City, Ia.-It is a remarkable
state of affairs that has developed in
Rockwell City as the outcome of the
formation six years ago of one of those
cooperative companies of farmers
which are making such strides in the
west today. Iowa has had various sue
cessful cooperative organizations, but
the Rockwell City body bids fair to
carry off the laurels. This company
has for some time sold produce for the
members, and it now buys nearly all
their goods for them, and the mer-
chants of the little town begin to mani
fest considerable apprehension over this
last item.
Whether the farmers company shall
continue to buy and sell boots, shoes
and clothing to the members, to the al
legged damage of local merchants, prom
ises to become a question of policy in
the association, and there seems to be
a tendency to hold in check, if not elm
mate, this feature in the future.
At first lumber and coal Were the
only articles dealt in for the benefit of
the members, but gradually farm i'm
plements, hardware, Irvine, feed, flour
and other staples were added to the
list and finally the footwear and cloth
ing feature that make it in fact some
thing of a department store
Besides selling the stock and produce
Of its members, it is stated that the
company has carried on a business of
100000 a year in the goods mentioned.
and this at a cost of less than per
cent, or $500. A surplus of $4,000
was this year reported, out of which
was declared dividend of 1870 per
cent, or $13 share.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09
A Grand BIRD.

The excellent study by F. L. SewelI
in Reliable Poultry journal of B. F.
Hislop's grand Toulouse gander gives
a good idea of this massive bird, one
of the best examples of the improved
old French Toulouse stock. To one
accustomed to hear the honk of the
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09
BINDING.
5andering Dunes and
&0f SeacOaSt Iands.

andering Dunes and
of SeacOast Lands.
HITCHCOCK.
pf sand binding on the
defamation of now use
Reiying considerable at
Sand hills or dunes oc-
hy seacoast. The sand
dashed up by the waves
Is readily carried inland
Under the action of the
Accumulates in ridges or
lar contour and extent,
the force and direction
9 winds.
hdering dune presents a
'oward the wind and an
the lee side. The wind
d up the slope, and it
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09
Condimental Foods ana Tonfcs.

Healthy animals do not need medi-
cine or tonic. Yet there are times
when an animal tonic is of use upon
the farm. The Maine station suggests
one costing 20 cents a pound which is
concentrated instead of diluted, which
is all drug and not mostly feed stuff,
and hence far stronger; one which il
probably at least as efficient as. and GER
tainly far cheaper than. the generality
of condimental feeds: Pulverized gen
tian, one pound; pulverizod ginger, one
quarter pound; pulverlzed saltpeter,
one-quarter pound; pulv erized iron sui.
plate, one-quarter pound; mix Feed
tablespoonful in feed once daily for
ten days. OMIT three days Feel IS
before for ten days
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09

vents the wind from reaching the sand,
and, third, covering the surface with
a network Of brush fence, which, while
not preventing the wind from reaching
the sand, lessons its velocity and pre-
vents drifting.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09

sfs are large areas of sandy land
Consisting Of dunes in various stages
of fxation interspersed with portions
of level and sometimes arabic land
These level spots represent portions
where the wind has swept away the
sand down to moist soil, which usually
has a definite relation to- the water
level. Such areas of dunes may in
clude many square miles and are use
less for agricultural purposes. It is
thus seen that the fixation of dunes
may be for two purposes-to protect
property in the lee or to convert a uses
less area of waste land into produc-
tive forest
Fixation is most permanent when the
dunes are covered with forest; hence
forestation is the ultimate aim wher-
ever possible. When the work of fixa-
ton is completed there will be forest
over the greater part, but strip along
the coast remains which must be per-
manently held in place by some other
method, usually by the planting of
grass.
Many methods have been employed
at various times for binding the sand,
but those now in use on a large scale
are three: First. transplanting sand
binding plants upon the dunes suffi-
GENTLY thick to form a living cover;
second, covering the entire surface
with some inert material which pre-
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-06-09

+ 81 lME Ell o1lFIlNAT OONE Liz
edge. The hill or ridge
In the direction of the pre-
at a rate depending on the
hstancy of the latter. Such
led a wandering dune. AS
edes from the coast a new
hn at the beach. Upon the
active dunes the sand is
[Ich an extent that yegeta-
establish itself.
Nunes of any considerable
Rrely found along the sea-
rmer regions, because the
s. season is more favorable
ases the wandering dunes
pn arabic land, upon for
hluable property, such as
buildings, or upon rivers,
5ther waterways. This usu-
les that there has been a
be of conditions resulting in
bn of active dunes. Seaside
n sandy beaches are often
amaged by the formation of
blowouts upon various por-
property.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25
BY ALMA RlTTENsERRY.

ever the Dutch spread up the North
river. over Long Island, up the Sound,
and over in Jersey, from Bergen and
Communpaw to the banks of the Hack
ensack and Raritan. All was cheerful
and bright there from Christmas eve TIL
the close of New Years day. This hon
est gray-haired custom of setting apart
a certain portion of this good-for-nothing
existence for the purpose of cordiaity,
social merriment and good cheer Is one
of the inestimable relics handed down to
us from our worthy Dutch ancestors.
AS time went on, the wars on the con-
tinent of Europe sent over TO this coun-
try, early in the last century large
German immigration. These laoorious,
earnest people came with their ideas of
Christmas for they honored the day and
introduced their national mode of cele-
brating 1t. Wherever they settled, on the
Hudson or Mohawk, in the forests and
mountains of Pennsylvania or In Georgia,
they kept Christmas merrily and they
made 1t feast for the children. They
introduced a new Christmas element TO
gladden. the hearts of the young on the
day, This was the Christmas tree. Eng
land stripped a tree of branch and lear
to drag in state to its detsined place
the huge Yule-log; but the Germans cut
a young evergreen and brought 1t whole
with its glossy leaves and cedar berries.
TO be set up In the house, or even in the
church. Then all adorned It with tapers
and bells and knots Of ribbon, and around
them all hung the toys for the young.
When evening came and the lights were
lit the children, carefully excluded dur
ing the secret and mysterious prepara-
tons were admitted to shout and dance
with delight around the attractive tree,
and to gaze with anxious wonderment at
the toys, each longing TO know what
was to be the gift destined for the pudgy
little hands eager to grasp the long
desired present.
Then the Christ-kind entered to take
each present down, and declare for whom
1t was Intended. This was indeed an
hour of joy for the little ones. and in
the humblest home brought cheer and
gladness.
What raptures filled them when, in the
afternoon of Christmas, all gathered at
the great Christmas tree ct the church,
where the deserving children received
from its generous branches the gifts they
deserved
People who were not Dutch and Ger
man began to talk of Santa Claus and
Christmas trees. Children eager TO have
what they saw other children enjoy,
clamored to have Christmas trees, and to
hang up their stockings for Santa Claus
to fill. Here and there they succeeded.
but the celebration of the day did not
spread rapidly. Political troubles threw
people of different parts together at last,
and the man of Massachusetts and the
man of Virginia. the old Dutch settlers
of New Netherland and the people OF
Carolina began to mix and learn each
others ways.
The country grew, new states arose
Christmas became more generally ceie-
brated, German immigration spread over
the country. and the Christmas tree was
seen everywhere, Sunday schools Of al
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25

Where the Dutch settled around Hud-
sons river Christmas day was In high
honor. The Dutch were jolly, good
humored fond of children and fond of
seeing them happy.
st. Nicholas, the patron Of children
and sailors, was greatly respected by
young and old He was represented with
three children in a tub. Old Dutch ships
were so much like tubs that, seeing the
tub, the sailors. took him for their pat
ron, and the children all admired st.
Nicholas, or Santa Claus, as they called
him, although they did not like Rupert,
his attendant, who carried switches for
the naughty children.
st. Nicholas and King Christmas seem
to have had an understanding with each
other. At any rate, the saint gave up
his own particular day in the calendar,
sent Rupert off and assumed the dress
of old Christmas, with his winter gar
ments and snowy hair. He became the
special manager of Christmas for the
! king in New Netherland.
Then, too, the Dutch were the first re-
publicans in this country; they were the
only colonists who had no king, and
paid no respect to king or crown, scepter
or throne. 1t would scarcely do for them
to set up a monarch here so King
Christmas made st. Nicholas his prime
minister for New Netherland; and Bis
mark himself could not have managed
things better Old and young look for
ward to Christmas and the Christmas
holidays such preparation in barnyard
and kitchen much fattened turkeys ana
geese; such pies and crullers and dough
nuts; such preparations among the chill
dren to propitiate Santa Claus gut
heilig" mani When the evening came,
and the good, jolly housewife could sur
vey with satisfaction her preparations
FOR the day which was to honor King
Christmas, the children stole to the sides
of the great yawning chimney, and there
hung up their stockings, the appointed
receptacles for the Christmas presents
which Santa Claus was to bring during
the silent hours of the night.
Now, the great historian Knickerbocker
pretends that good st. Nicholas, In the
sylvan days of New Amsterdam, would
often make his appearance in his beloved
city, of a holiday afternoon, riding over
the tree tops or over the roofs of the
houses, now and then drawing forth
magnificent presents from his breeches
pockets and dropping them down the
chimneys of his favortes,' whereas In
these degenerate days of iron and brass
he never shows us the light of his coun-
tenance, nor even visits us, save on one
night In the year when he rattles down
the chimneys of the descendants Of the
patriarch. combining his presents merely
to the children, In token of the degener-
acy of the parents" But he Is all wrong
ST. Nicholas was the patron Of the chill
dren from the first, and the older ones
had no real right to his bounty.
| There was a merry Christmas wher-
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25
FINE COLLECTION
NOW IN WASHINGTON
Garrett Collection Contains
Many Valuable Prints
GOSSIP OF THE CAPITAL
Hope Expressed That Washington
VIII Become Muslc-loving City.
Handsome Gifts for Mrs.
John Campbell.
GOSSIP OF THE CAPITAL
BY w. T. MANNING.

Washington, December 24-The Garrett
collection, comprising nearly 10000 of very
rarest prints and engravngs in the Unit
&c States, is now to be found in the libra
ry of congress, where 1t is held subject
to the call of its owner, T. Harrison Car
rett, of Baltimore. 1t was by the merest
chance that the collection was in Wash
ington at the time OF the Baltimore fire
and had 1t been in its usual depostary
1t is more than likely that it would have
been eitrely destroyed or at least ma
terially damaged. During the past year,
many additions have been made to the IL
brary Of congress, among them valuable
papers of Sylvanus Borne of Massachu-
sets and William Taylor Josiah Mere
dith and John White, all of whom were
prominent in the early days of Baltimore.
The papers of Sylvanus Borne, who
came from Barnstable. Mass, and was
American consul at Amsterdam, consists
OF 1000 letters. 800 of which are those Of
Horne himself. They deal with political
and diplomatic subjects for forty years,
from 1916 until the war Of 1872 and his
comments on political conditions In Eu-
rope during the rise of Napoleon. The
Meredith papers deal with the affairs of
the Baltimore branch of the United States
bank and his papers and letters deal with
tine financial situation in the early days
o. the government. Another valuable ac-
QUESTION to the library was acquired when
the Polk and Johnson papers were pur-
chased from Mr.. Fall of Nashville, Tenn.
They include many drafts of Van Buren's
original state papers and his autobiog-
raphy written in his SEVENTEEN year and
intended as a history of political parties
in the United States. The papers of An
drew Johnson consist of 5000 letters and
documents.
The Van Buren, collection contains let
tiers dealing with his early political ac-
tivity in New York and shows that when
he entered the senate his views widened
until he passed through the cabinet and
followed missions to the vice presidency.
This collection incluoes fifteen letters of
Andrew Jackson and letters of Irving
Clay, John Randolph and Francis p.
Blair.
An extremely valuable gift was made
by William Kent. 1t consists of 900 pap
ers belonging to Chancellor James Ke-t,
including diaries Of thirty-one Journeys b
made between 1742 and 1892 ana 1896, SIS
letters written before 1900 and autograph
letters of Daniel and Noah Webster,
clay, Seward, Sumner, William Writ and
John Quincy Adams
Another acquisition was ninety-three
volumes of original papers given by
Hampstead washburn of Chicago and be-
longing to his father, Elihu B. WASH
burn. In this collection are original let
tiers of Bismark, the Duke of Grammont,
Lord Lytton, the Comte de Paris, Theirs,
Tame. Gambetta, August Rothschild,
Pere Hyacinthe. Jules Faure, Oscar de
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25
CHRISTMAS IS DUE TO THE DUTCH.

denominations took 1t up. and it became
a feature In the Sunday school, even
when the day was not kept In the
church. Gradually business came to be
suspended on Christmas day and even
in New England 1t was no longer made
a point to close Thanksgiving day and
keep open on Christmas. Presents OF
value began to pass more readily among
friends and kindred; enterprising houses
issued Christmas cards till their variety
and attractiveness set purchasers wild,
and the postoffice bags were crammed
to repletion with the sudden cargo OF
dainty envelopes slipped into the boxes.
The theatres in the large cities took up
the festive custom, and while the famous
Christmas pantomime of the London
play-houses has never been duplicated
elsewhere, the Christmas matinee is the
annual treat Of that large proportion Of
our urban populations who are either
far away from their homes or have none
to go to.
Then ST. Nicholas had bis magazine.
and the monthlles rival each other in
getting out Christmas numbers, on which
they lavish expense to secure all the
attractiveness that literary genius and
artistic skill can afford.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25
plsanpoIntment Felt.

In line with the discussion of the read
justment of the navy payrools there was
no little disappointment felt over the de-
cision of the United States supreme
court in the case of Captain Charles M.
Thomas, which involved the right of ma
val officers in respec1 to extra pay un-
der the naval personnel acts of 1900 and
1901 The opinion was in favor Of the
government The claim presented was
that naval officers who go to sea should
be allowed 10 per cent. in excess of their
pay, because the increased allowance is
made to army officers who are assigned
to duty at sea or a foreign post. the pur-
pose of the law being the assimilation of
the salaries Of army and navy officers.
Captain Thomav made claim for the ex-
ira pay because of service in the Philip
pines in China and at sea. Most of his
claims were allowed by the court of
claims. but this decision was revised
The hope is being freely expressed that
Washington will yet become a music
loving city, but it must be admitted that
the opportunities In this respect have been
at best somewhat limited. Hope is how
ever maintained by the number of private
musicales that are scheduled in addition
to the musicales at the White House. The
foreign embassies are also aiding in the
movement and at the Italian embassy.
Pietro Florida, the Italian violinist, has
been a feature at several musicales,
while General and Mrs. Albert Bates and
Mr.. and Mrs. John r. Mclean have not
only all music lovers but all the fash
icnable world as well to hear Mr.. John
Armand, of New Orleans, sing French
and English songs.
Heretofore the opportunities have not
been many-four performances of opera
a season, a few concerts. and the Boston
Symphony have completed the attrac-
tions
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25
other Kinds of Strikes.
From the Chicago News.

From the Chicago News.
Both birds and beasts occasionally go
on strike, according to observers. A herd
of horses will bunch together, neglect
their food, become FESTIVE. neigh and
rub noses when in a field. The utcome
is that the herd will not allow them
selves to be saddled or harnessed and
will chase and attempt to kick the at
tendants. Female birds take tantrums
and refuse to do the Homework. They
desert their nests and leave their eggs to
become cold and barren. The male nat
urally becomes grossly concerned but
with the bird and beast creation the male
will never attack the female. so there
is no remedy. Warblers and starlings
are given greatly to these strikes.
A species Of black ants have little yell
low ants which do most of their work
for them Occasionally the yellow spe-
cies will go on a strike. Their food
supply is cut off, but If this does not
avail the strikers are attacked or another
lot of yellow ants are secured.
Even the rabbit Is a hardened striker.
In rabbit colonies the stronger rabbits
do most of the burrowing and as often
as perhaps once in two years these be-
come disconnected and refuse to work.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25
Dangers Of Orchid Huntinu.

John %. Lager In Harper's Weekly.
The most beautiful region the orchid
collector meets In his travels is along the
Orinoco, the Rio Negro, the the ANA
zon in South Africa. The scenery at
times passes beyond the beautiful, and
becomes so grand as to be almost ter
rible. Everything is on such great
scale. The rivers are the largest in the
world, veritable seas at high water the
vegetation luxuriant beyond comparison,
and the animal and fish life startlingly
strange. There we find the Cattleya
schroederae, a magnificent orchid with
white flowers, which blossoms about
Easter time. But the dangers and vex-
ations of a trip on the Orinoco, for in
stance, would hardly be believed. Miles
and miles back from the coast in the dis
trict where the orchids are found the In
dams are In a wild state, and are foes to
all white men. They Turk In the bushes
along the banks of the river, and shoot
poisoned arrows at you If you happen to
venture within range of their blowguns.
The centre Of the stream Is the only safe
place. During the rainy season the mos
quitoes swarm on the Orinoco in clouds,
and sleep Is next to impossible. Even
the grass when you venture ashore, is
your enemy
Best on earth or anywhere else. The
Gawk Engraving Co People's phone 276
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25

NJ We'll & Bro. wish all their numer.
Gus friends. and customers happy Christmas.
They have kept in mind Polonius advice to
his son: erich not gaudy, for the apparel
oft procaims the man. Wherever their
suits appear today the world will see we'll
dressed men-rch not gaudy. May the
season bring to every wearer happiness, JOY
and contentment, and man who wears an
H. S & NJ suit certainly has corner on all
three
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25

Lafayette, John Jay, Cassius M Clay,
George H. Boxer, author of Princess da
Rmini'; Andrew Or. Curtin, Levi P. Nor
ton, John Bancroft Davis and many
prominent literary and political celebrities
with whom Washburn came In contact
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25
NOTICED

North Birmingham cars
are now runniag on their
regular route and no longer
use the Gate City tracks to
and from the city.
B. R., l.. & P. Co.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-12-25
Before and After.

From the Philadelphia Press,
Merchant tell you, these few weeks
before Christmas mako business hum.
Grumbler-Yes, but the weeks after
Christmas will make It hum-drum.