Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-06-21
DOUGLAS MCDONALD FURNISHES
INFORMATION AS TO
THEIR ORIGIN.

/
nishes Key to Asiasc geographical
NomencIature-kuan Tuns is a
Much Used Word.
In order to assist the reading public
to better understanding OF oriental
I geographical terms as found in every
| days news items, the following brief
key is offered:
King or Ching added to the names
OF cities. indicates that the city is or
has been the capital of the empire. Elk
amle Picking. Marking, etc.
/ Flu, added to the name of city in
dicates the capital of a province; a.
city of the first class.
| (ee) is township seat; city or
town of the fourth order
Ts'un or Chuang a village, a mere
hamlet.
The following geographical suffixes
may be translated as follows:
| kiang and Ho means river or stream.
Chuan and Hsi mean river or rivu-
let.
Hal, a sea or lake.
Shan, hill or mountain.
Wing. a military camp.
Chang, or Tai, fortress.
kou (kow) a port or harbor as Han
koW, Port Arthur Iin-shun- kou.)
kou (kow) also a mountain pass.
AS prefiXes or suffixes to geograph-
zeal terms the following mean:
Ia pronounced Da) large, great.
Hsiao, small. little.
Pei, pronounced bay as Pei-king,
from which Picking is derived, meaning
southern capital"
Nan, south, as Marking, meaning
southern capital"
Hsi (si) west as Shan-si, i. e., 1.-THE
western mountains" meaning The mod
ern province of Shan ST.
] Tung pronounced Doong) east as
shan-tung /. e., least of the noun
tains," meaning the modern province
of Shan Tung.
Hei pronounced Hay) black as Hell
lung-kiang, !. e., the Black Dragon
Uung) river" referring to the Amoor
river in Manchuria.
Huang, yellow as Huang-ho, i. e., the
Yellow River.
Shang, upper or upon
Hsia, lower or beneath.
The word, "Kuan-tung," is a much
i USED word these days and means all
that part of Manchuria lying east of
the mountain pass just west of Shan
hai-kuan. 'Kuan," means mountain
pass" and "Tung" meaning east"
the name then literally means "east''
OF the mountain pass" But the Chinese
themselves often use the term "Kuan-
tung," when speaking of the whole of
Manchuria.
Shan-haikuan the winter port of
Peking and Tientrin, means literally.
the frontier pass in the mountains by
the sea-"
Liao-tung is the name applied to the
southemmost portion of the Sheng-
king province, including the peninsula
OF that name, the Liao-tung peninsula.
Litrally it means, least of the river
Lao. Indeed. Liao-tung includes all
the territory lying between the River
Lao on the west and the Yalu river
on the east, and extending as far in
land as Mukden. In ancient times it
was the name of separate province.
1t is this bit of China that will be the
great battle ground of the present war.
| NeWchwang should be spelled Much
wang, the "niu' meaning COW or cat
tie; hence the original meaning of the
word was "a cattle village" And &C.
cording to tradition Niuchwang was at
one time noted cattle market.
The meaning of Tientsin is Heaven
ly Ford" descriptive of the ford across
the Pei-ho North River) at that point,
And the original meaning of the term
: Shanghai was simply "By or upon the
sea-
Many curious explanations of the
word Japan" have been offered by
tourists and those not students of the
oriental languages. But the word un-
doubtedly comes from the nippon" OF
the Japanese through the Chinest Ian
guage, where it becomes Jih-pen crib
pun), and from this word foreigners
have made the word Japan" which is
an attempt to pronounce the Chinese
form of the word.
In Korea the termination of geo
graphical names is very different from
that in China. Originally the language
of the two people must have been the
same, but modern Chinese differs
greatly from the language of Korea.
In Korea the suffix "Po" means
port or harbor; "Ju'' means district
magistracy; "San" and Song" also
mean a district of magistracy; do
is province; "Paik" white.
Wi-Ju on YaIu River.
: Hence Ping.yang-do is the province
Of which Ping-yang is the capital. Wi
e ju, the newly opened port at the mouth
: of the Yalu river, now occupied by the
:, Japanese, is the county seat of the dis
= trict of "Wi." Paik-to-san, the name
s of the famous mountain of northern
:, Korea, means the white capped noun
$ tain" or "the white headed mountain.
r The san" being the "shan" of Chinese
Che-mulpo, then, would be the "por
Of Che-mul;;" Fu-san. the "magistrac.
!. of Flu" but in this case the count,
seat Is also Fusan.
: The word Seoul" is the Korean TO
king" (Ching) of the Chinese Ian
/ guage, and in English means capital