Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1904-11-24
AGRICUL.T EVENTS.
Rev Movement Of Crops Durum
Mlseat--Irri ss:stion Abroad.

tIial exports of the United States to
psdGcts and meat and meat products
Some Information on the methods and
routes used III exporting this vast
amount Of farm produce has lately
been got together by Mr. Ward of the
bureau of statistics. While this infor-
nation is perhaps of most value to
prospective importers, it is certainly
interesting to farmers generally to
know how The big crops are moved to
distant markets.
One Of the most surprising facts thus
established is the Importance of the
gulf ports in the grain trade II the
wheat experts for the year ended June
30. 1901, are alone considered it will be
found that the gulf ports outdistancea
all competitors. Galveston handling
over 80 per cent and New Orleans
more than 20 per cent of all wheat
passing through the important gate
ways of The ltIantic and gulf The in
crease i'll wheat exports through New
Orleans and Galveston has within re-
cent years been very rapid, whether
viewed from Il relative or an actual
standpoint
Galyeston's increase has been 50 re-
markable as to attract the attention of
shippers from all parts Of the country.
Fourteen years ago this port had no
standing whatever as an yporter Of
wheat In fact, us late as 1891 tie
movement WAS very small, amounting
only TO about 3.5O0.000 bushels. Since
then, however. shipments have in
creased so rapidly that the year ended
June 80 1904. witnessed a movement
bushels, placing her III the position OF
being the only port on the Atlantic or
gulf coast whose exports for the fiscal
year 1904 exceeded those of the year
previous.
Again, it may destroy preconeeiyed
ideas with some to be told that the
greatest concentration of surplus agri-
cultural production, with the exception
of the surplus cotton crop. occurs III
the north central and northern part OF
the south central states. There are two
general routes leading from this re
gion to the seaboartl. one known as the
eastern route aud terminating ut such
cities as Boston, New York, Philadel-
phia aud Baltimore, the other. known
as the southern route. with outlets ut
Galveston. New Orleans and other gulf
ports
Commercial Status of Durum Wheat.
The new crop. tiurum wheat, appears
to nave made nj unprecedented record
in this country. From Il production Of
100000 bushels III 1901 it has leaped to
6,000,00o bushels in 1903. Previous to
1901 il could hardly be sold at eleva-
tors and mills at any price and was i'll
deed seldom GROWN and III small guam
titles FOR stock feed only. 1t is now
mentioned by Gerealist NJ. A. Carleton
as Il striking fact that 6,00D,000 bushels
OF a grain formerly rejected should be
sold at a fancy price toward the close
OF the winter long before the new sea-
son opens. Most important Of all. much
the larger portion was sold to the mills
for making bread flour. The increase
i'll the demand for the wheat has been
particularly strong in Buffalo and L
few other points III the east originat-
ing solely III the desire to use the flour
for blending with other kinds i'll bread
making In France the greatest bread
eating country Of the world, large
quantity of durum wheat is used for
bread
A prediction OF from fifteen to TWEEN
ty million bushels has been made for
the crop Of 1904 This amount of Il
wheat thai does not encroach upon the
regular production of other kinds is d
large one to be added to the general
production Of the country, and it leaves
out OF consideration the enormous
areas of scmiar.d and even arid dis
not yet been touched by agriculture.
Uuder irrigation the crop succeeds very
we'll. but over by far the larger portion
of the dry districts irrigation will be
unnecessary which can be said OF few
drought resistant crops.
MIR Carleton states that this wheat
Will be sold during the coming year at
NdilSaS NltS, OilialEt anu JdlNeStOH as
well as, at Minneapolis and Duluth and
there will be a large increase III pro
duction in the districts tributary to
these points. Originally exploited i'll
this country almost solely us 'maca-
roni wheat. durunl emeaning hard
now ranks among the breadmakers.
Italian Irrigation Methods.
Irrigation has been practiced III this
country little more than fifty years,
while III Italy il has been practiced for
more than 800 Years. DR.. Elwood
Mead. chief Of irrigation and drainage
Investigations IN the department. Of
agriculture. spent the summer OF 1908
IN The valley Of the ~, and partial
report Of his observations has been IS
sued rs bulletin III Of the office Of eX-
pertinent stations.
The most striking points brought cut
hy the report are the large expenai-
t41,.s.s fav irpitrati,.fi II, y yasr4u yrbn4n