The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1904-11-29

And LHt8 HIll IlII.-l q. ras-A - ~
-ThesSore Parker.
Temperance Movement IN Germany.
The habit Of drinking spirits dates.
in Germany, as IN many other coun-
tries. from the time Of the NapoleOnic
wars. During the ensuing period Of
peace the use OF brandy spread from
the soldiers to all classes Of society,
and Pastor Bottcher. who opposed the
use Of brandy for forty years. has cal
culated that the per capita consump.
ton Of pure alcohol increased from
one litre. il 1900, 70 ten litres forty
years later. But no tax On spirits ex-
listed until the year 1910. wheu the ca
pacity Of the alembics was taxed Ten
years later an additional tax wss inn
posed In 1883 after the establish
ment Of the customs union the Prus-
sian legislation was extended through
out this district
At the end Of the eighteenth cen
tury DR.. Faust of Buckebusg published
a health catechism, which was widely
circulated. He advocated the liberal
use Of water. which he held 10 be su-
perior to beer or wine. and he espe-
cially attacked the use Of distilled
spirits Hufeland was a contemporary
opponent Of distilled liquors In Janu-
ary. 1902. be wrote TO q Berlin paper:
1T Is an urgent duty to point to the
disease. which creates the greatest
evil among Us. uninterrupted and, un-
fortunately in most cases unknown,
and which Is all the more deadly be-
cause it is not regarded as disease.
This curse Is spirit drinking and alco-
hol poisoning"
But such views were rare at that
time Finally, however. a powerful
reaction set in against the evil, which
caused q general reyuIsion Of feeling
with regard to drink and the habit Of
temperance A strong temperance
movement agitated the German nation
at the end Of the thirties and the be-
ginning Of the forties Of the last cen
tury. The whole people. from prince
to peasant. took part in the combat
against spirit drinking. Johann Of
SaxOny, afterwards king, attended. in
1881, a meeting Of the British and For
eign Temperance society, and was
strongly impressed by the idea that
people should free themselves by
their own volitlon, from the curse. On
his return to Dresden he founded the
first German temperance society, and,
in conjunction with nine supporters,
issued a proclamation TO all fellow
citizqns, asking them to join the new
organization. But the time had not
arrived. and the movement proved
abortive.
The modern temperance movement
may be said to have begun in 1891
when the congress for home missions
met in Bremen. Two cIergymen from
the Rhine called upon the liberal
writer August hammers. to prepare a
great fight on behalf Of Temperance.
Many publicists and others we're IN
terested in the movement. and In 1893
the Deutscher VeDein gegen den Miss
branch Geistiger Getranke was form
ed German Union against the Abuse
Of Strong Liquors.. This was at first
n movement Of the higher classes.
among the leaders being the physi-
clans Baer, Binz, Bismarck. Nasse
the professors Cremer, Hacke1. Laza-
rus; field marshal Herwarth Won Bit
tenfeld; ex-Minister Of Agriculture
Won Hammerstein-Loxten and many
Of the clergy. Many state ministries
Of education purchased and distribbt-
ed thousands Of the publications of tue
society among teachers. Severe in
vestigation as made by ministers Of
the interior as the requirements for
fresh saloon licenses which had
beneficial effect. In Prussia the num-
Der Of saloons to each 100 900 inhabi-
tants decreased from SIS in 1879, to
535 in 1893. In Saxony they decreas-
ed from 692 to $50. In Baden a police
regulation was issued in 1889, accord
ing to which drunken people can be
taken into custody and punished with
imprisonment, while habitual drunk
ards we're forbidden to purchase
spirits. In Gotha, in 1887, the sale cf
spirits to children under sixteen
years, habitual drunkards or intoxi-
Gated persons was prohibited. In Prus-
aia Dr. Miguel. when minister Of
finance, placed tax upon saloons
and, in 1886. Maybach. minister Of
Prussian railways, induced the owners
Of railway restaurants to sell cheap
coffee and discontinue the sale Of com
mon spirits. The presidents Of prov
inces, mayors and burgomasters have
also assisted in this good work. IN
the Rhine Provinces. Westph1lia. ard
Upper Silesia the sale Of brandy was
forbidden before s a. N. Coffee houses
have become popular in Germany The
first Of these was founded in Memei,
in 1876. Another class Of institution
was founded by the temperance asso-
citation Volkswohl, managed by falar-
led managers. who are not interested
in the receipts. No visitor Is expert
ed TO partake of anything. but hght
beer can be had. Water bottles are
on ali the tables. and a dinner is sery-
ed for six cents. In separate rooms
lessons are given and instructive lee