davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
ToRPEDOEs IN WARFARE.
How These Engin~s of Destruction
Are Operated.


Where there IS very strong de-
mand for an invention, difficulties
which ut first seem insurmountable are
frequently overcome. When the heavy
armor clad had advanced TO position
OF commanding importance I'm naval
service, the necessity OF some form of
torpedo was Immediately recognized
by which IL could be attacked under
water upon the unprotected hull below
the arrnored belt. The modern White
head torpedo, generally known as the
automobile torpedo because Il Is self
propelling, may perhaps Justly be
considered the most wonderful Of all
modern weapons. This torpedo con.
sists OF strong steel cylinder some
what in the form OF cigar, being
about eighteen inches in diameter aud
about eighteen feet In length 1t car.
ries I'm its front end q charge OF about
200 pounds OF high explosive, provided
with percussion fuse. by which IL is
exploded when II strikes the side OF a
warship. The main body of the cylin-
der Is filed with compressed air, forced
in by powerful air pumps until a pres
sure of about 1900 pounds to the
square inch Is attained. Immediately
rea-ward OF the air chamber is the
driving mechanism, which Is run by
the compressed air, which In turn
drives the propelers for forcing the
torpedo through tho water. A rudder
Is provided for keeping the torpedo on
n straight course. \ gyroscope Is en-
pioyed for operating the steering
mechanism, and this device is one of
the most ingenious known to modern
science. The least deviation from the
straight course Is Instantly corrected,
and the torpedo travels through the
water as straight as an arrow.
The compressed air, of course, Is
soon exhausted, but II will last for
about one minute and drive the torpedo
In that time n distance OF about half
q mile. In other words, the speed Of
the torpedo IS about half mile min
ute. Now. rs this speed Is not equal to
the fastest cruisers. torpedo boats and
torpedo boat destroyers, when one of
these torpedoes is launched from the
PROV OF these craft while going at full
speed there is danger of the war YES
sci overrunning its own torpedo,
Inc writer has invented new syS-
tenn OF propclling automobile torpedoes
by which a material called motorlte.
somewhat resembling smokeless gun
powder, is employed instead of COM
pressed air for furnishing the motive
power. The motorltc is used MS fuel
by which water is evapOrated and
steam made, which drives the engine
OF the torpedo. Motorite provides more
than double the power that the COM
pressed air Is capable of giving for an
equivalent length of time. and 1t Is ex-
pected TINT his torpedo will have
speed even greater than the swlftest
cruiser or torpedo boat destroyer and
may be launched from the prov of any
vessel without danger OF being over.
taken.-Hudson Maxim in Woman's
Home Companion.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01

Depth of Life I'm the seu

In the National Geographic Maya
zine Is an Interesting story of the deep
sea explorations of the steamer Al
batross, under the direction of the
United States bureau of fisheries.
While carrying OH her work the Alba
tross has made more than 10000 sound
ings and more than 1000 dredgings.
The greatest depth from which the
Albatross has secured any life was
e,l13 fathoms. This was In the south
Pacihc between Tonga and Ellice is
lands. The dredge brought UP siliceous
sponges, radiolarians and brown VOL
canic mud. The greatest depth from
which she has brought up fishes is
about three and one-third miles In the
edge OF the gulf stream of Virginia.
The deepest sounding made was at sta
ton 4O1O, near Guam, where the enor-
nous depth OF nearly five and one-half
miles was found.
The deepest sounding ever made by
any vessel was by the United States
steamship Nero while on the Honolulu
Manila cable survey, with apparatus
borrowed from the Albatross. When
near Guam the Nero got 1854 feet.
only sixty-six feet less than six miles.
III Mount Everest, the highest mountain
on earth, were set down In this hole
1t would have above its summit nearly
half n mile of water.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
OUR NAVAL GuNNERS.'
The Care with which They Are Sc.
lected and Trained

1t is only half the work to arm and
equip ships with the most improved
guns and sights. They must also have
"a highly trained personnel capable OF
manipulating guns, turrets and torpe-
does, writes Lieutenant Commander
Gleaves I'm Worlds Work. When
China found herself arrayed against
Japan she offered $500 cash per month
for skilled gun pointers, but in all
great navies gun pointers are trained,
not bought. and when the fight is on IL
is too late for instruction
How does a man become an expert
gunner? Diligent drill and constant
training are not enough without a GER
tain amount OF natural aptitude. One
man after another is tried. A few
days drill I'm the turrcts eliminates all
except the fairly promising. For the
talent OF eye and nerve which makes
the born gun pointer the government
pays from 81 10 $40 month I'm addi-
ton TO the regular pay. This premium
is not confined to any race, creed or
color. On one vessel I'm the navy one
or the gun pointers is a negro.
Selecting gun pointers is one OF the
most important duties In the navy.
Having selected the men for gun point
ers, the next step is TO train them.
Two methods are now in vogue. both
having the same principle, but differ
ing In detail. In the old days OF sails
and smoothbore guns the invariable
rule, and the only rule the gun cap
tains knew, was this: Fire at the top
OF the downward roll just as the ship
begins TO roll toward the target and
aim Mt the enemy's water line" This
rule lasted far into the age OF steam
and turret guns and has only recently
been supplanted by Continuous aim
hiring" or the art OF keeping gun
trained on the target regardless OF the
oscillations OF the vessel during the
whole or portion OF the roll.
The method for training men by the
new system-by the use OF a "dotter'-
was devised by Captain Percy Scott
OF the British navy. The dotter is a
mechanical device which causes a small
target to move across the face of n
gun, with n combined vertical and hor-
izontai motion. xhe gun pointer must
make the gun follow the target, and
whenever the sights are on the bulls
eye he presses button. This causes
pencil to dot the target. That Is his
shot- The other method OF instruction
Is with the Morris tube. which con-
sists OF small gallery rifle fitted ON
the gun to take the place of the dot
ters pencil.
SO proficient have the biuejackets
become In handling the turret guns
that in actual target practice on board
the Alabama thirteen inch gun is
loaded and fired In thirty-eight Sec
onds- Two kinds Of target practice
are employed now In all navies, one in
winch the target is stationary and the |
SHIPS moving. the other I'm which both !
ship and target are moving.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01

Senator Stone Of Missouri once made
famous remark to the effect that the
only way TO "carve" a watermelon ia
to bust 'er." He said however, in
recent interview that every state has
Its own peculiar way Of doing things
and, among others, it's own style OF
pronouncing words. "It Ia related"
said the senator to a Des ioines
Times reporter. that, when the first
tide or New England settlers began
to drift to Kansas, Missourians tied a
COW at each crossing OF the Mis-
souri, river. II the emigrant said cow
he was permitted to cross, but IL he
pronounced IT 'keOw' he was told to re-
turn to the east, because the natives
were satisfied he was an evil minded
abolitiontst. The Kansas people evened
up by tying bear on their side OF
the river. and II the emigrant said
bear he was given the right haad OF
Fellowship. but IL he pronounced It
bar he was given an hour to get back
to Missouri. because he was an advo-
cate OF slavery"
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
FRAEUlElN kRUPP.
The Richest Girl In the world I
Guarded by Detectives

The Richest Girl In the world In
Guarded by Detectives.
1t 10 one OF the grim ironies OF fate
that young girl. barely OF age, should
be In n sense responsible for the blood.
shed In the struggle between Russia
ana Japan, owing to the fact that she
supplied both powers with practically
all or their guns. The young woman
In question Is Miss Krupp, who, on the
death or her father, became chief pro-
prietor OF the world famed Krupp
works at Essen and likewise became
the weaithiest woman in the world.
The heiress seems to have inherited
some OF the family capacity for in
dustrial organization, for she takes the
greatest pride and delight in supervis.
ing the work of the different depart.
ments and declares that at some fu.
ture time sue will have gained suf-
hclent experience TO take an active part
In the direction of affairs.
Meanwhile her. Interference I'm busi-
ness matters Is limited TO passive SUI.
pervision, but she takes a more active
part In controlling the management Of
the numerous auxiliary departments Of
the establishment The schools for
the children OF her employees and the
hospitals for the care of the sick re-
ceive regular visits from her, and she
has sharp eye for defects of all kinds.
knowing human nature. it is hardly
surprising TO find that Miss Krupp's
employees do not appreciate her good
qualities and charitable ways. Liv-
Ing In Miss Krupps houses, sending
their children to her schools, applying
TO her hospitals when they or their
families are sick. attending her church
es. drinking beer I'm her restaurants.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01

buying meat from her slaughter houses.
Hour from her mills, bread from her
bakeries and hats and clothes from her
stores make them feel that they are
her serfs, and not freeborn laborers.
Miss Krupp's charitable disposition
has become known to the general pub
lie I'm Germany. with the result that she
receives on an average over 200 purely
begging letters day, and over $50
letters daily entreating her to give a
position In the works TO some worthy
young man.
She also has TO undergo some OF the
inconveniences which are generally
confined to emperors and kings. Her
vast wealth and the ownership of an
entire city make her a likely target for
anarchists bullets, and her friends are
In constantfear OF her assassination. For
this reason her guardians have insist
ed on her being continually guarded by
special corps OF detectives, who are
always In her vicinity.-London Mail.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
In IN Russian VILLAGE.

AS rule Russian village is a for
iorn looking place, where the huts OF
the poor nre made OF birch logs, with
upright oak or pine supports, ceilings
or strips OF the same birch and walls
lined with the. crude branches. In
these huts there are only two rooms,
one OF which is not for everyday use.
but Is kept for best occasions. This
room houses those sacred images so
dear to the heart OF every member OF
the Greek church. to which belong the
great mass OF the Russian people. The
other room serves the purpose OF both
kitchen and sleeping room, as one of
the principal Ideas OF comfort to these
people, Ice and snow bound for so many
months OF the year, is warmth. In
many OF the peasant huts no beds are
used. aud the top OF great stove.
reaching nearly To the roof, Is n much
sought sleeping place. Although the
conditions make dirt and the accom-
panying results inseparabie In the do
nestle life OF these peasants, they are
devotesily fond OF bathing. The vapor
bath In crude form may be called a
national institution. and n not unusual
picture or a summer afternoon Is the
village pond flied with women aud
children bathers.-SociaI Service.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
DIET AND TEMPER.
q Claim That Meat Eating Tends Z
Sour the Disposition.


Sour the Disposition.
A butcher claims that meat eating
Is responsible for most of the bad
temper that exists in the world.
"Who are the heaviest meat eaters -
he asked. The English. And who
have the worst dispositions? Why, the
English. Everybody knows that.
go TO England, and they'll give you
nothing ut to eat but meat. Morning.
noon and night they'll set before you
the best meat I'm the world, but no
vegetables TO speak OF, no desserts, no
entrees; meat only.
THE consequence OF all this meat
eating is that the red faced English
man is worse than a bear 10 have
around the house
IF you go to France you don't get
much meat. The French like fruit.
vegetables, salads, a little fish and n
little chicken. I'd venture to say that
an Englishman eats more meat In a
day than Frenchman does In a week.
"What effect on his disposition does
the Frenchman's less gross food have?
A good effect. The French are polite.
The world over they are noted for
their politeness and good humor.
but the Japs prove my point best.
The mass of the Japanese people live
on rice and fruit and sweetmeats and
fish. They don't touch meat from one
years end to another. And their tenn.
perance and delicacy at table give them
the best dispositions I'm the world. On
the streets OF Japan there is never any
hghting or quarreling. You never see
disturbance of any kind among that
people. Tolerance. courtesy, high bred
and ceremonious manners are as prey
alent In Japan as grumbling In Eng
land,
What Is the philosophy OF all this9
Why. simply that meat Is a stimuIant,
like beer, and that after the brief hap
py effect or this stimulant has worn of
there comes a long effect Of I'll humor
and irritability. All heavy meat eat
ers have bad dispositions, because they
are always suffering from their foods
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS they are always,
so to speak, getting over a spree.
This holds good. too, among ami
mails. Lions, tigers, leopards and the
rest OF the carnivora are fierce and
treacherous and mean. The herbivora
elephants, antelopes, camels arc
good tempered. mild creatures."-New
York Telegram.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
IL You wand Live

II your name is to live at all, 1t is
so much more to have It live In peo-
pies hearts than only in their brains.
don't know that ones eyes fill with
tears when he thinks OF the famous
inventor or logarithms. but q song OF
Burns or hymn OF Charles Wesiey's
goes straight TO your heart, and you
can't help loving both OF them, sinner
as well as saint The work OF other
men lives. but their personality dies
out Of their labors. The poet who re-
produces himself in his creation as no
other artist does or can goes down to
posterity with all his personality
blended with whatever Is imperishable
In his song.-Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
Ksrs.. Women and On. ao.p.,.


Two pictures significant OF the
changes wrought among women In
Korea through the preaching OF the
gospel are given in the Scottish Mis-
slonary Record. In the year 1896
Messrs. Mofrett and Lee first under
took to preach to Korean women in
Pingyang. Mrs. Lee came with four
or five women and sat behind a cur
tain which divided the church from
a little adjoining room. Other women
In dirty clothes would keep talking
and walking about. Mr.. Moffett, as he
preached, would clap his hands and
say, keep quiet while l talk to you,"
and the elders would call out "Shut
upw Six years after, In 1902, Mr..
Moffett spoke in the great new church
OF Pingyang to 600 women, OF whom
$50 sat on the raised seats next the
platform. Six hundred unkempt, dirty
women six years ago; now 600 Chris
tiansIExchange.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
The Needle Waa Stronu.

Mrs. Newlywed-No, can't say
chat l think much of my new sew
ing machine. 1t is disappointing.
Mrs. Oldgirl-Why, il is a very
good make. What seems to be the
trouble?
Mrs. Newlywed-I don't know ex-
actly, but when | tried to sew some
buttons on Mr.. Newlywed's shirts
yesterday it broke every last one OF
them.-Cincinnati Times Star.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01

had great dream the other night
i dreamed i met a man who offered u
cut me pound slice OF radium.s
"Whew! It's worth more'n a million
an ouneew
That's right. Want a sliceY be
says TO me. Yes.'I answered him
But was too grasping,"
How was thatY' =
Il woke mp just as asked him &c
cut 1t thick. Plain Dealer
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
Potomac River Route.

beginning Tuesday. March 18th. Steamers
calvert and Potomac will leave Pier g Light
street, baltimore, every TUESDAY, Thursday
Washington. calling at all of the usual land
ings. beginning Thursday. March 18th. will
leaHe 1th Street Wharf, Washington, mt H.
M. thursday, Sunday and tuesday. going as
TAI as LeonardtowD on those evenings. Will
leaVe heonaidtown at a. m. Kinsale at IL
M, MiHer : AT 40 y. M. GTasOD's at $40 u. IN.
and Bacon's at y. m. Monday Wednesdsy
following morning.
Freight received daily in Baltimore.
HENRY WILLIAMS, Agent,
c, baltimore, Md.
STEPHENSON & BRO, Agents,
Washington, ID. G.
WIN. M. REARDON. Agent,
Alexandria, Va.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG &
POTOMAC r..

Schedule an effect My 99M, 1904.
LEAVE FREDERICKSBURG NoRTHwARD
o. a. m, daily. Stops on signal at Oeeoouan
sundays only.
8 ,! a. m. daily. Stops at Alexandria.
III II a. M; daily Stops on signal at Iceland
Brooke. Aqua, Wide Water. Reid onsw.
tico. Cherry Hill, Freestone Neglex O.
c0quan, LortOn. Accotinf, Franconis
seminary and Alexandria
=" m, dally except Sunday. Stops at
~ 2. NJ. daily. Stops on signal nj Rroolo
~ -, wide water, Quantico and Alexandri,
iV vi y, m. daily. stops at AleXandria Stons
on signal at Occoquan sunday only.
LEAVE soUTHwARD.
D 90 a m. daily except Sunday. Richmond
. accommodation, Makes all local stons
. II a. M daily. Atlantic Coast Line train
- stops on signal ut Wide Water, Summit
Suinea, WOods'ane, Penola RuthoryIen
Iayiorsville and Glen Allen Sundavs
9nlS; at Milford, boswell and Ashland
y Is a: m. daily except Sunday. Makes local
stops un signal. ''
u - p IN. daily ,Seaboard AirL Line train. Sons
on signal ne Lorton and OccOauan sun
I nns. Only, ana daily at Quantico, Milford,
. 70 y. m. daily. A. &. l.. train Stons a, nos
- well aud Ashland.
. ~ p M daily, makes local stops on signal.
"' y. ~. daily, ;; "A. l.. train. Stops at Dos
wen aud Ashland on signal
accommodation train leaves Richmond n
burg q 80 y. IN.
NOTE;-Time Of arrivals nd departures and
connections not guaranteed.
c. G. cox, Agent.
W. ID. DUKE, C.w GULF, w.P.TAYIoR.
Gen. Man. Asst Gen. Man. Traf. Man.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAY

lake Laxative Bromo ouInine Tablets. All
~ ~ refund the money IL &c fails TO cure.
IL W. groves signature is on each box s5o
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
convincing pro1f that the kidneys
der are OF; Of order.
What to Do.

What to Do.
mere is comfort in the knowledge so
OFTEN expressed. that Or. Kilnaer's Swamp
Eoot. the great kidney remedy fulfilIs every
WISH IN curing rheumatism. pain In the
PACK, kidneys. liver. bladder and every part
OF the urinary passage. 1t corrects inability
10 hold water and scalding pain in passing
II, or bad effects following use of LIQUOR.
WINE or beer. sni overcomes that unpleasant
necessity Of being compelled to 20 often
curing the day. and 10 get up many tines
during the night. The mild and the extra
ordinary eifec, Of Swamp Root is soon
realized. IL stands the highest for its won
derful cures CT the most distressing cases
you need a medicine you should have the
oeSt. Soid oy druggists in SOC. and ST.. sizes.
'ou nay nave sample bottle Of this
wonderful discovery SIkG~
and book that tells a1j:7=evlk ri az ...er--,,
more about II. both sent rs stss :fi:3
absolutely free by mail, sassss,s Z. sss9tYn
address DR.. kilmer & ZONE az aT,n.,,0,.
Co.. Bingharnton, N. Y. When writing rner-
ton reading this generous offer In this paper.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
SCHEDULE:
VIGOROUS RUBBING

Win DlNie Nerve and Bone Imminent win
cure rheumatism, Strains. Sprains and Paine
al is tine best ON earth for man or beast
MEssRS. OWENS & MINOR DRUG Co.
Richmond, Va:
Gcnttemet:-We have used tbe nixio No.
a. s,nI i nohe Eminent prepared by on, and lind
IL very Valuable TO us in our business and
use IL now altogether, to the exclusion of ali
o'"or nuiihehts. Yours truly.
III. B. ROWE.
THE AMARET STOCK FARM.
HIGH-cLAss HUNTERS, SADDLE am
HARNESS HORSES.
FREDERICKSBURG, VA, Nov. o. Ia0-
Queens d Minor Drug Co.. Richmond, Va:
Gentlemen:-I have given the sample hot,la
OF Dixie Nerve and Bone Imminent n fair ana
impartial trial, and find it an g EXCELLENT rem
Guy Tor sprains and shoulder lameness in
horses. In fact, have used Several boftlas
1i tine Eminent with gratifying results, and
4 am very glad To recommend IL TO aIi in
seareh OF a good liniment for lameness or
soreness OF any kind in horses and shall here
"i'er never be without IL in my sta bles.
Very truly.
CHARLES II. HURKAMP.
Price % cents for a large bottle at DR.. JR
Smiths, Irvington, Va. - ~
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
Thousands Have Kidney Trouble
and Don't Know It.
How To Find Out.

Fill a bottle or common glass with your
wnter and let It stand twenty-four hours: a
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01

GSs Baltimore, Fred
E>S1SxS4tlhA cricksburg, Nor
<s.;ssSzszr s--.scssss<sS folk and Kappa
hammock River Routes.
On and after Friday. June 10Th. steamers
will leave Baltimore. Pier :. Light ~, daily
Returning viii leave TsppahSnnock at s a.
M daily. except Saturday and Sunda p and
II IN, Saturday Tor Baltimore.
Steamers from Baltimore Monday will NOT
stop IN Carriers Greek. CoIrOtOman river Ray
Port, BOWERS. Wares ard " cllfords on their
way To JGppahannOCk.
steamer from BaltimOIe THURSDAY only will
stop in Urbanna CrCck.
steamer from Baltimore Thur. day will not
stop IN CorrOiOmon riNCr or Hay Port on her
way TO BappahannCCk.
Steamer 20 Baltimore Tuesday will ret stop
in Carriers Greek.
Steamer TO Baltimore Wednesday will n.t
stop i'm COrtotOman river,
Steamer TO Baltimore "Wednesday only will
stop at wharves i'm UrEaDpa Creek.
Steamers will leave every Tuesday and Fri
day at $3.50 y. m. for TappshanDock direct and
sli landings between there and Fredeficks-
Leave Fredericksburg Monday and Thurs
day at Z a. m. for Baltimore, stopping at all
wharNCs to TappahanpCck only, arriving m
naItlmore Iucscay ard Friday mornings.
FREDERICKSBURG AND URBANNA.
Beginning Monday. March nth. the new
a "a st' iiactNe steamer Caroline carrying the
u. =. Mail leaves Urb9nna every Monday
Wednesday and Fl iday, at 5::gDa M for Fred
cricksburR and all INFERNO date W harves IAN
burg about y. m. Returning, will leave
Fredericksburg AT II a. IN. Tuesday. ThuIs-
DAY ana saturday. Passenger accOPmCda-
tiOns hrst-class.
NORFOLK ROUTE.
VIII leave Tappahannock . p. IN. Monday
and Friday. stopping at all landings. Leave
Norfolk at y. IN. Sunday ard Tuetday tor
X. lnn
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01

sediment or set
ting indicates an
unhealthy condi-
ton Of the kid
neys: If il stains
your linen II Is
evidence Of kid
ney trouble: too
frequent desire to
pass |; or pain in
the back IS also
D.. = =.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
Steamer Owen billiard

o'cafuer owen billiard.
Mail and passengers TO and from Whit
stone, lrvington, Weems, Mirenbeck
merry Point and Urbsna, daily (except
Sunday. 'p'
SCHEDULE:
Leave-White Stone, a. m; IryinPton
LAO; Weems, SIS; Millenbeck, 9: Merry
rolnt, $3.50; arrive urbana, II. so a. m.
=, Leave-Urbana, 2 p. m; Mi Ienbeck. 3
merry Point, $50; w GEMS, 430; Irvingtop
D arrive White Stone, 6p. m.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
FREDERICKSBURG AND URBANNA.
NORFOLK ROuTE.

viii leave Tappahannock D. m. Monday
and Friday. stopping at all landings. Leave
NOrtOlk at y. IN. Sunday and 1uesday Tor
IappahannOck, calling at ali landings.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1904-07-01
WEEMS STEAMBOAT CO..
SUMNER SCHEDULE, 1901.

Gs Baltimore, Fred
E->SstSi% ftslZNA ericksburg, Nor
- sr-,scs's;S folk and Kappa