Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1904-08-27

capital of the kings of the West Saxors,
who eventually under Egbert in ST, and
Alfred, SI1-901. became kings of all Eng
land. and moved their capital from Win
chester to London. Ever since the see OF
Winchester has had very important part
in English history. and its bishop along
with that of London and Durham. has al
ways ranked next after the two archblsh-
ops in position and influence.
Succeeds DR.. Temple.
1t was as recently as March, 1908. that he
finally reached his present position, in sue
cession to DR.. Temple. who is regarded as
one of the strongest men that has ever oc-
cupied the see of Canterbury in the 1907
years of it's history. DR.. Temple was a
man of rarely rugged force, "a brute his
school boys called him in earlier years
but a just brute" and was a man of
great influence in social movements and
public affairs, well as in parliament ana
in the church.
DIR. Davidson was never school MASTER
like his three predecessors. but he has had
large experience in school affairs, as a
member of the governing boards of the
great English public schools of Elton, We'll
lington and Charterhouse. He has been a
trustee of the British museum for twenty
years. and very active in all its affairs. OF
the men and affairs of the communion of
which he is head he has obtained large ex-
perience. an experience unequaled perhaps
by any one living. BY virtue of his position
as secretary and organizer, in 1878 and
1888 of the second and third Lambeth con-
ferences of the whole body of the three
hundred and twenty-seven bishops of the
churches throughout the world in COM
munion with Canterbury he became per-
sonally acquainted with the personnel of all
the bishops. and with the complicated prob
lens at issue in the many regions of the
world in which they minister.
IT will Tins he seen that DR. Davidson is
very well equipped for the manifold and
perplexing duties of his office primate
of all England and leader in influence and
honor if not in duly constituted authority.
of the Episcopal Church in all portions of
the world
The Archbishop's Residence.
The usual residence of the archbishop of
Canterbury is at Lambeth Ga place on the
south bank of the Thames, at London, OPP
posite WestminsteD, which has been in the
possession of the see of Canterbury from
time immemorial. and is one of the famous
historic points visited by tourists in Eng
land. Though possessed of a stately library
and chapel. commodious private and pub
lie rooms and beautiful gardens it is by
no means elaborate, and has been often
found too small for the many duties of hos
pitality and government devoving upon
the archbishop. 1t is much smaller than
the royal palaces, and scarcely as large as
some Of the residences of the great mer-
chant princes and captains of industry of
New York and London.
Number of Archbishops.
DIR. Davidson is the ninety-fourth arch
bishop of Canterbury The first was the
monk Augustine. sent to England in 597
by Gregory the Great, who though bishop
of Rome. explicitly disavowed the title of
universal bishop declaring it to be anti
Christ. He sent Augustine and his COM
pany to England, not because of authority
over that remote region, but very much in
the spirit in which we are in the habit in
our time of sending out from New York
and Washington missionaries to the Phil
ippines and China and other remote coun-
tries
1t has been asserted that an archbishop
must be appointed from the College of
Bishops. but while this is usually the case.
it is neither the law nor invariable custom
For instance, Thomas a Beckett was only
in minor orders and practically layman
and Matthew Parker was in priests orders
Usually. however, the bishop of London is
advanced to the archbishopric.
In America bishops receive from 81 600
and S3,No year to perhaps sl2,cOo. in the
sole case of the bishop of New York The
English bishops receive much more than
this, the archbishop $4,000 a year and
many perqu..ites. and yet the records show
that most of the bishops die poor men. in
fact, their salaries are none too large for the
manifold duties and obligations devolving
upon them.
Has No Absolute Authority.
The archbishop of Canterbury, though
primate of all England is by no means
possessed of anything approaching abso-
lute authority. England is divided into
two provinces, and over the archbishop of
York, the northern province the arch
bishop of Canterbury has little more than
precedence in honor and dignity. Over the
bishops and sees of the southern province
of Canterbury he is chief bishop, with
very much the powers of the chief JUS
tice of the United States in comparison
with the other justices, or of the presi-
dent of the board of Commissioners of the