davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
EXPLANATION REQUESTED.
American Vessel ForcibIy Detained at
Port Arthur,

American Vessel Forcibly Detained at
Port Arthur.
Washington, Feb. 15.-The state de-
partment has instructed Ambassador
Mccormick to ask the Russian gov
ernment at st. Petersburg for an ex-
PLANTATION of the compulsory detention
in the harbor of Port Arthur of the
American steamship Pieiades, which
conveyed a cargo of -four to that place
from Honolulu just before the out
break of hostilities. The vessel is
owned by the Boston Towboat com
pany, which has made formal com
plant to the state department, hence
the instruction to Minister McCor-
mick.
BY some officials here the opinion is
expressed that the OBTAINING of the
ship is not violation of international
law provided adequate demurrage is
paid to the owners of the vessel. 1t
is assumed that the vessel is detained
for strategical purposes and naval
officers point out that her departure
at this time might enable the Japanese
to learn important facts about the con-
dition of affairs at Port Arthur.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
NEARLY ONE HUNDRED KILLED
Rlunder Causes Loss Of Russian War
shin at Port Arthur.


Port Arthur, Feb. 15.--The Russian
mine vessel Yenisei, while attempting
to destroy floating buoy. was carried
onto neighboring mine, which ex-
ploded under the bows Of the Yenisel,
which sank The commanding officer,
engineer, two midshipmen and ninety
two seamen perished.
The Yenisei is vessel of $500 tons,
800 feet long, with high freeboard, two
tunnels and two masts. She has ports
cut in her long, overhanging counter,
through which to lower mines. Russia
has two other vessels of this type,
their apparent use being to mine har-
bors and to carry torpedoes from sta.
tons to warships. The Yenisei was
armed with five 3-inch rapidfire and
six 3-pounder rapidfire guns. She
made 1876 knots on her speed trial in
1901.
st. Petersburg, Feb. 15.-According
to the Novoe Vremya the Yenisei was
laying mines at the entrance OF Ia
lienwan bay with the object of closing
1t against attack from the sea. OBJ
serving that one of the mines. had
risen to the surface the Yenisei ap-
preached for the purpose of lifting it
up when the vessel came in contact
with another mine, which exploded
and caused the disaster.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
MILLIONAIRE SUICIDES.
William J. Lemp Of ST. Louis Puts BuI.
let In Brain.


st. Louis, Feb l5.--William j.
Lemp, president of the Lemp Brewing
company. committed suicide during
the day at his residence by shooting
himself In the temple with revolver.
He died an hour after firing the fatal
shot. Growing depression over the
death of his favorte son. Fred Iemp,
three years ago and the loss Of Fred
erick Pabst of Milwaukee, lifelong
friend, is believed to have been the
cause for his rash act. Mr., Lemp.
who was sixty-eight years old and
native of Germany, has lived in ST
Louis for forty-eight years He stood
high in business and social circles
and was -reputod to be a millionaire
Mr. Lemp. it seems. was alone in
hts room when the shot was fired.
Complaining of not feeling we'll he had
not arisen as early as the other mem
bers of the family. Breakfast had
been served and the sons had gone to
their duties at the office and Mrs.
Lemp had gone up town. The servants
were busying themselves about their
daily tasks. A shot was heard from
the direction of Mr.. Lemp's room. The
servants. who hurried to the apart
ment, found Mr. Lemp lying on the
floor, revolver clutched In his right
hand and bullet wound In his tenn
pie.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
SEEK FURTHER INFORMATION.
London, Paris and Berlin in Accord on
Hays Note.

Paris, Feb. 15.-The semi-official
Temps says the cabinets OF London,
Paris and Berlin are in accord upon
Secretary Hays note. In the response
which the three powers will make to
the United States it will be suggest
ed that the text of the American docu-
ment be clarified and simplified. The
three powers agree in giving the note
a construction favorable to China S
prociaiming her neutrality and also
that this neutrality be recognized and
respected throughout the period OF
hostilities, but owing to the special
conditions prevailing in Manchuria,
which is the present theater Of actual
warfare, Manchuria will not be in
cluded under the declaration of Chi.
nese neutrality, this exception of Man
churia not affecting China's rights or
stipulations in treaties. s
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
GERMAN. PROCLAMATION.
Citizens Advised to Observe the Strict
est Neutrality.

Berlin, Feb. 15.-The imperial chan
cellor Count Won Buelow, in the
Reichsanzeiger, the governments Off
cial organ, has issued the following
proclamation:
"In consequence of the official dec.
larations of war between the imperial
government of Russia and the impe-
rial government of Japan it becomes
the duty of every one in the German
empire and in empires colonies
and also of Germans residing abroad
to observe in all their relations the
strictest neutrality
Details of prohibitions contained in
the British and some other declara,
tions of neutrality are omitted. The
officers of -the-erewn- are charged-ta
see that neutrality is enforced.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
HAS FIGHTING CHANCE
SENATOR HANNA's CONDITION is
CRITICAL BUT HOPE IS NOT
ABANDONED.
TEMPERATURE CONTINUES VERY HlGH
FREQUENT BATHS REsoRTED TO
IN AN EFFORT TO REDUCE
THE FEVER.

Washington. Feb. 15.-Although Sem
ator Hannas condition is extremely
critical his physicians have not aban-
doned hope and 4say he has slight
chance of recovery. The latest bull
letin gave his temperature as 104,
pulse il5. respiration "a. The use of
oxygen is still resorted to occasionally.
although at less frequent intervals.
The patient continues to take noursh-
ment.
1t is not believed that the senator
can withstand fever at so high
point as that shown throughout the
latter part OF the night and morning
and fight is being made to reduce
the fever. The senator was awake at
times during the night, but on the
whole the doctors say he passed
comfortable night. His stomach is in
good condition and he has been able
to take nourishment weft- thus far.
A sponge bath given after the tenn,
perature was read at l05 only slightly
reduced the fever. which again crept
up to the los point. This fact was
discourayng feature OF the might IN
the patients struggle for recovery.
The senator has shown wonderful vi
tality. One of the nurses remarked
that his rally from the sinking spell
was remarkable.
Patient Perfectly Rational
No Oxygen was given Senator Hanna
for several hours during the morning.
The degree and amount OF stimulant
Is also gradually being reduced. The
senator is conscious and perfectly ra-
tional He recognized his daughter
Ruth and in addressing the doctor
said
Well how am this morning.
The doctor replied.
You are better and doing we'll We
want you to help us. senator.
II will" was the response.
Mr.. Dover announced it as the opin-
ion OF the doctors that the senator
had a fighting chance.
AS to whether the climax Of the
fever has been reached the doctors
will make no announcements They say
the temperature may go up or down
any minute.
At 2::a0 p. m. Senator Hanna's
brother, upon leaving the sick cham
Der, said:
MY brothers. temperature has been
reduced to 100.S All conditions are
favorable
The temperature at noon had fallen
eight-tcnths of degree from that
taken shortly before and contained in
the noon bulletin. This drop took
place before the bath, which was
given shortly afterwards and which
brought the temperature down to-
1908. The report is regarded as very
satisfactory.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
CALL on SECRETARY HAY.
Chinese and Japanese Ministers Make
Brief Visits.

Brief Visits.
Washington, Feb. l5-Sir Chentung
Liang Cheng, the Chinese minister
here, called at the state department
during the day and formally notified
Secretary Hay that the emperor OF
China had issued proclamation OF
neutrality. The minister's cablegram
contained the further information that
in issuing this proclamation the en-
peror had in the strongest terms en-
Joined upon the viceroys and the gov
ernors of the provinces to adopt
every precaution for the protection OF
foreign life and property in their re-
spective territories. The minister
feels that there is now no danger to
be apprehended of attacks upon for
eigners in China in view OF the strong
language of the proclamation and its
speedy distribution.
The Japanese minister, Mr. Taxa
hira, also called at the state depart
ment. He bore with him telegram
received from the Japanese minister
of foreign affairs and reading as fol.
lows:
Ellis majesty, the emperor, having
been greatly affected to learn OF the
great confagration which recently oc-
Cured in Baltimore, commands me to
convey to the president his expression
of deep coincidence and sympathy with
the people of that city,
The minister had no news touching
the progress of the campaign in the
East and rather looked for a lull for
the next few days.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15


London, Feb. 15.-Baron nayashl,
the japanese minister at London, has
received telegram from Toxic an
nouncing that M. Pavloff, the Russian
minister to Korea, has left Seoul for
home. The telegram reads:
IN. Pavloff, with embassy staff, has
left Seoul for st. Petersburg. He was
escorted from the capital by japanese
troops in order to prevent hostile dem
onstrations. Japanese forces are main
tanning order in Korea
The telegram does not give the rea-
son for the minister's departure. Baron
Hayashi says it is probably due to the
rebuff which Pavloff received regard
Ing the DISPOSAL Of the Russian sea-
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
coLoRED MAN coNFEssEs.
Admits Brutal Assault on Mother and
Child.

Roanoke. Va, Feb. 15.-Henry Will.
Jams, colored, who was arrested at
Norfolk, W. Va. Tuesday, on sus-
picion of having committed murder
Gus assault and outrage on Mrs.
George l.. Shields and her three-ye
old daughter in their home here on
Jan. 80, made full confession of the
crime in the Bluefield, w. Va, Jail
Williams gave up tive watches and
some clothing stolen from the Shields
home
He was placed in Jail here under a
heavy guard.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
SECURE CASH AND vALuAeLEs.
Five Masked Men Hold Up San Fran.
cisco Club.

San Francisco Feb. 15.-Five men
entered the Colonial club. resort fire.
auented by sporting men in this city,
during the night. While one remained
on guard the others broke into the
clubroem and rounded UP the inmates,
who were lined up against the wall.
They were then relieved Of their val
uables. From j. Schrieber they took
5000 in coin and from John Lyons
1896 in gold and a diamond stud and
ring Clarence Waterhouse forfeited
81 900 in coin and diamond ring val
ued at $1,000, Perry Quill gave up a
diamond stud and ring, value I'M
known: w Engstrpm $500 and dia-
mond ring and Rusi Flint $50 in gold
and diamond ring-The- e-keys -ef-the
bank were then taken from Joseph
Harlanjo and from it the robbers got
800 in gold coin. The victims were
then bound hand and foot and laid
laue downward upon the floor. two of
the robbers being left in charge of
them until the rest of the band had
sufficient time to get away in safety.
They then extinguished the lights and
made good their escape. No trace of
the thieves has so far been obtainable.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
MAY RECALL cAssINI.
Russian Government DispIeased With
His Work in Washington.

st. Petersburg, Feb. 15.-There is
reason to believe that the foreign min
istry has decided to recall Count Cas-
sini, Russian ambassador to the Unit
ed States.
The Russian government is highly
disappointed that Cassini did not sue
ceed in establishing closer friendly re-
lations with the-United States before
hostilities began.
Intense anIi-American feeling pre-
walls in society here. The newspapers
and all classes are coupling the United
States with England as being Russia s
most inveterate foe.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
ROOF CRUSHED BY AVALANCHE
inmates OF viroqua (Wls.) Asylum
Thrown into Panic.

Virooua, Wis, Feb. l5.-The roof of
the Viroqua insane asylum was
crushed like an eggshell by an
avalanche OF snow and ice, which
tumbed down upon it from an adjoin-
ing hill The crash precipitated a.
panic among the patients and the at
tendants experienced considerable diff
ficuty in restoring them to quiet.
The janitor, Peter Eggler and few
of the inmates were slightly injured.
The institution is now in complete
darkness owing to the destruction OF
the boiler and dynamoroom.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
OVER FOUR HUNDRED SABRED
BY RUSSIAN COSSACKS
Thirty Japanese Killed at Dove Bay
Where Landing Was
Attempted.

London Feb 5The Daily Mails Port Arthur correspondent
by the Japanese attempting
landing soldiers Taienwan The officials
that 40 600 soldiers that attempted landing
sabred Russian Cossac the remainder escaping to
the ships
japanese Bay, where 80 killed.
remainder reeatng Many print dispatches
oo Nagask Shanghai reporting the destruction OF
mines pedoes Faugaru strait of
Aomore, Japan.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
MEETS NO OPPOSITION.
German Information Regarding Secre'
tary Hay's Proposal.

Berlin. Feb. 15-The German gov
ernment has been informed that
neither Russia nor Japan opposes In
principle Secretary Hays proposal in
regard TO China. The foreign office, in
exchanging views with other cabinets,
finds also that all the powers are in
clined to the same views, each, how
ever. being concerned as to the form
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
British Steamer Detained.

London, Feb. l5.-The owners of the
British steamer Foxton Hall (from
Barry Dec. IL. via Port Said, for Port
Arthur, coal laden, have been advised
that. the vessel has been detained by
the Russian authorities at Port Ar
thur. Russian soldiers have been
placed on board.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
ENDS PENDING LITIGATION.
Big Deal Involving Wisconsin Water
power Properties.

Kaukauna, Wis, Feb. 15.-The big
gest deal which has taken place here
for many years is that between the
litigating parties concerning the water
power. whereby John s. Van Norwich,
president of the Green Bay and Mis-
&ssinpi Canal comnanv. becomes the
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
sritish steamer Fired On.

Chefoo, Feb. 15.-The British steam.
er Flu Ping. when leaving Port Arthur,
was fired on by Russians. Three Chi
nese members Of the crew were
wounded. Ehe Russians afterwards
apologized for firing on the vessel.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
IN EVENT OF RUSSIAN DEFEAT.
Germany Will Create Diversion j
Her Favor.

London, Feb 15.-The st. Peters
burg correspondent Of the Daily Tele-
graph claims unimpeachable authority
to declare that in the event of Russia
being defeated in the far East, Ger,
many will make a diversion in her
favor likely to have far-reaching re-
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
BOYS Steal lsiIversuIIion.

Chicago, Feb, 15.-While digging for
their stolen treasure on the shore OF
Lake Michigan Henry Germur. fifteen
years old, and George Jensen, sixteen
years DID, have been arrested by South
= Chicago police fer stealing LOCO
pounds of silver bullion from the Ma
uonal Smelling and Refining. company
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
MERCHANT STEAMER SUNK.
Russian Warships Attack Japanese
Vessel.

Yokohama, Feb. 15.-It is reported
here that the Russian warships Gromo-
boi, Rossia, Rurik and Bogatyr sunk
the japanese merchant steamer Akou-
IA Maru off Hokkaido on Feb. II.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15

COMMANDMENT DENIED.
Russians Doubt Stories About VIadi
vostock Squadron.

st. Petersburg, Feb. 15.-The Asso-
ciated Press is authorized to deny the
report that-Japanese troops had land
'oi Aftt1siiTr aTfthhshe-loss 81 TWO
regiments.
Nothing is known here officially re-
garding the movements of the Vladi-
vostock squadron, but the reports that
it had sunk Japanese transports off
Wonsan and destroyed =Hekodate are
generally discfedited, it being pointed
out that it is imnossihle for the squad
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15

men taken on the varlag ana nurlet.
at Chemulpo.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15

owner OF the undivided hair interest
of Joseph Villas, Sr., in the kaukauna
Water Power company and the whole
Of the Badger Paper company's prop
critics. including the Brokaw Pulp
company on the waterpoWerq canal.
The deal involves stock to the total
OF $25O,OO0. The payments have
been made, entirely closing the trans
action.
This does away forever with any
further hindrance to the future OF
Kaukauna as the whole OF the power
of the Fox river here will at once be-
improved.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15
JAPANESE SUFFER DEFEAT
Six Hundred Soldiers Landed by Them Near
TalienWan With Disastrous Results.

ron to nave been In the two places al
most simultaneously. ly.z-
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1904-02-15

IN whfrr these should be expressed
and the precise precautions which
ought to be @takeIl,---------.-
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
MARRIED.

PARSONS-JAENCH.-At the home of
the brides sister, Mrs Tomlin-
son of Hudson, Miss Anna Jaench
of Hudson and H. F. Parsons of
St. Paul.
Rev. Burnley of the First Pres
byterian church of Hudson per-
formed the ceremony in the presence
of the immediate relatives of the
family and few intimate friends.
Promptly at two o'clock, to the
strains of Mendelss ohn's wedding
march, the bride and groom de-
scended the stairs unattended and
were married beneath an arch of
ferns. The bride wore white crepe
du CHEN over white silk and car
ried brides roses.
Miss Jaench is we'll and favorable
known in this city where she at
tended the Normal school. She has
been teaching in the Superior
schools for some time. Mr.. Par
sons is River Falls boy and we
know him to be a man of strong
personality and of sterling char
acter. He is employed in the In
stitution department of Swift & Co.
The young couple will be at home
to their friends after Dec. lst at
467 Case street, St. Paul, Mimi.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
amS.=abee che.

John Adams, now of Moorhead,
Mimi, was married at New Rich
mond yesterday to Miss Nellie L.
Beebe of that city at the home of
the brides parents, Rev. Courtney
performing the ceremony. The
Misses Bertha and Fannie Beebe
were the bridesmaids and Herman
Scheik and Ephraim Erickson best
men. Mrs. Adams, mother of the
groom, and Frank and Joseph Adj
ans, brothers of the groom, and
Miss Martin and Herman Scheik of
this city, attended the wedding.
Mr.. Adams has long been a resi-
dent of this city where he is known as
young man of sterling character
and we are sure from knowledge
of his good judgment that his bride
is worthy of him. The sincere wish
of his host of friends here is for his
happiness and prosperity. The
young people received many pres
ents as tokens of the esteem in
which they are held, among which
were dining table with chairs to
accompany, from the boys" of
this place,
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
Farm for Sale.

One of the best farms in the town
of Martell (known as the Iverson
place. p mile from village of Mar
tell. Good buildings and plenty of
running water. For price, etc.,
call on or write ]. P. Carroll, River
Falls, Wis.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13

420 acres, 20 in cultivation, good
buildings, 10 acres orchard, water
front, dock, on steamboat line.
Price, 5,500.O0 5000 acres unin-
proved land for sale cheap.
No snow; no cyclones; no hot
weather; good markets. For infor-
nation address, JOHN L. SAMsEL,
Coupeville, Island Co., Washington.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
CONGREGATIONAL.

At the Congregational church
Sunday morning the sermon subject
will be, What Is 1t to Be Saved?"
In the evening the topic is, do
Thyself No Harm" The Y. P. S.
C. E. will meet as usual at $3.50 p.
M, the trip to the country having
been deferred one week.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.

Services at 10:45 O'Clock a. m.
APP Roberts building, north en-
trance, corner of Main and Elm SITS.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
At the Churches.
TRINITY EPISCOPAL,

Service at 1890 a. m. conducted
by DR.. E. E. Edwards. Public cor
dially invited.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
PROGRAM, OCTOBER f8.

PROGRAM, OCTOBER 10.
John Adams. ............ MISS Auule w aleS'
Relations with France,
Alien and Sedition Laws, Miss Hattie Levings.
General Progress,
Social Life, ..........., Mrs. Barney
Hostess, Mrs. Barney.
Leaders Mrs Barney and Miss Wales.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
For Sale.

House, paint shop and 2 lots in
4th ward. Buildings in good re-
pair. Fine apple and plum trees
on the place. J. feelings.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
BAPTIST.

Sunday a. M, Jonah Fleeing
From Duty" p. M, "The Abund-
ant Entrance"
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13

For RENT. After Nov. /, the
Haven house on 18th street, now oc-
cupied by DR.. Ashley. Enquire at
residence.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
F. M. WHITE,
ATTORNEY at Law.

RIVER FALLS, WISCONSIN.
Collections Speciality. once in Postofioe
Block.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
Read Beaver adj. on page 4.

For SALE.-House and three lots.
Enquire of c. Carr.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13

Order a Brick Of Ice Cream for
your Sunday dinner, IS cents. c.
R. Taggart.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13

Read Beaver ad. on page 4.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1904-10-13
TUESDAY CLUB.

Read Beaver ad. on page 4,
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-12-23
ANXIOUS CREDITORS
CROWD COURT ROOM TO HEAR
CASE AGAINST MINING
COMPANY.

New York, Dec. 21.-The case of the
creditors of the firm of Munroe G.
Munroe, whose main office, a palatial
one, No. rs Broad street this city,
and who had branch offices in Montre-
al Chicago, Boston. Philadelphia and
III nearly every prominent city in the
United States was on trial this after
noon before Commissioner Alexander
In the federal building. Hundreds of
creditors crowded the court room.
They came from all parts of the coun-
try.
Counsellor Untermeyer, who repre-
sented them, was besieged by witness
es eager to testify in the matter.
Munroe G. Munroe, who are, really
the Montreal and Boston Mining COM
pany, sold stocks broadcast and when
George Munroe was placed on the