The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-01-24

six years ago for children between the ages
Of six and nine There is TO be no fee for
penses, yet the number OF analphapetes-
persons who can neither read nor write
continues appallingly large. at least 90 per
cent of the Italians OF the day being with
out the rudiments of education.
The salaries OF teachers are graduated.
the maximum in the city schools being So.
the average $50, the lowest paid $li
In the country schools the salaries are
SIPS. S115 and so. respectively. lit is lucky
for the teachers that the state guaIaEt ess
payment of their salaries by the c0mmuni-
ties. but Parliament has far refused 10
do anything for the widows and children OF
teachers.
In the Netherlands the state Of public
enducation is of a high standard, and sal
aries are in harmony with general condi-
tons. There is no compulsory religious ed
Ucafion n the public schools and the state
maintains number Of richly endowed in
situations for the education OF teachers.
The minimum salary for the superin-
tendent Of a public school is $3.50 and the
smallest salary for a head teacher $3.50, and
no teacher employed receives less than 500.
The superintendent is furthermore entitled
10 an apartment and garden rent free.
PORTUGAL AND SPAIN
About 20 per cent of Portuguese ladies
and gentlemen can read and write. per
cent. more can read but sign their names
by cross the rest of nearly six million
people are totally and decidedly illiterate,
yet Portugal boasts of a law providing for
compulsory education.
The minimum salary of teacher in the
country districts is 500. in the cities S1OS In
the two capitals, Lisbon and Oporto. sl35
are paid.
About Go per cent of the Spaniards of the
day can neither read write, though
compulsory education was introduced long
ago. Only about 80 per cent. of this proud
nation are as accomplished the average
American girl and boy of fourteen with re-
spect to elementary knowledge.
OF late years Parliament has decreed an
increase of teachers salaries on the follow
ing lines; In villages, Sl00 per annum; in
small towns, $50: in towns of 1900 inhab-
iIants, $225; large towns, $3.50. Barcelona
pays school teachers $3.50; Madrid grants
them $3.50
10 pay n school fee for education amount
ing TO about 80 cents per year. This
amount the teachers, male and female, may
furnished with lodgings.
The Austrian Parliament has again re-
FUSED TO consider the crying need of reform
these public functionarieS in a great por-
ton OF the monarchy is appalling. The law
burdens the communities with the cost OF
education, and some of them, particularly
In the Polish provinces and the territories
that formerly belonged to Turkey, are too
poor TO maintain schoolhOuses or pay
teachers. Education is compulsory, chill
dren must go to school from their sixth to
to their fourteenth year, but it is quite evil
dent that TO large extent they do not, for
Austria harbors some 100000 of analpha-
betes, million more females of that sort
than males.
On the average, teachers salaries are be-
low the French and even Portuguese stand
ard. particularly in Galicia, Bukovina and
Dalmatia.
1t is a remarkable fact that the highest
teachers salaries are paid in Bohemia.
When appealed to by the teachers, Bo-
hernia nObly came TO the front and. by rails
the necessary funds for paying halfway
living wage to her school teachers
Norway was the first European country
to pay decent wages to her male school
teachers: she is the last to stop underpay-
Ing female teachers. The minimum salary
of the female school teacher in Sweden
and Norway is less than $50, and if she
were the greatest teacher in the world and
served fifty consecutive years, she would
receive no more than four times that
amount.
According to the law of 1S4s, male teach
erS were paid $l36 at the start, besides free
lodgings and coal and wood. The maxi
mum salary for male teachers is $780, In
the country districts OF Norway a
house and enough to maintain two cows
are furnished. In Sweden fodder for one
cow only is furnished.
Switzerland has undoubtedly the most
highly advanced public school system in
Europe. While purSe-prOud Great Britain
continues to collect pennies from little chill
dren, Switzerland provides education for
all absolutely free. The schools are UNI
der government control, education is com
pulsory and nonsectarian. Teachers Salar-
les vary in the different cantons. but these
are the average figures: Male teachers, 1910
per year; female teachers, $275. The lowest
salaries are paid in Appenzell and Turgau.
namely, $3.50. In Waadt the lowest salary
amounts to s265. Switzerland employs $500
male and $500 female teachers