davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
APPEALS FROM STATE TO
UNITED STATES COURT
Farmer Thinks He Was WronefuIIy
Deprived of His Homestead

An appeal to the United States SUI
preme court from the state supreme
court will be made by Peter o. Sjoli a
farmer of Otter Tail county, in an at
tempt to recover his former homestead
from Charles Dresehel, another farmer.
The writ of error made necessary by
the appeal was filed yesterday with
Clerk Lang, of the federal circuit court.
The appellant held his land under a
patent from the United States: He
was elected, however, by Dreschel, who
claimed title from the Northern Pa
cife Railway company, the land in
question being part of it's land grant.
The title of the railway company was
upheld by the state supreme court.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
CHURCHMEN PROTEST
PROPOSED SALOON
License fer Place at Third and Maple
Streets May Be Denied

A protest has been filed against the
granting of a saloon license to- Will
liam Bosehe. who desired to open a
place at Third and Maple streets, and
the hearing will take place before the
aldermanic committee ON licenses July
10.
The protest is made by the members
of the Dayton's Bluff German M. E.
church through Rev. Albert L. Koe-
neke, the pastor it being claimed that
not only would a saloon be objection
able in the neighborhood, but that it is
located within closer proximity to the
church than is allowed by law. The
church is at the corner of Fourth and
Maple Streets
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
NEW INTERPRETATIONS

Articles of incorporation were filed
yesterday by the Merchants and Farm
ers Telephone company, of Shakepee
The authorized capital stock is $10,-
009. The incorporators are H. P
Marx, c. T. Buchanan, H. w. Reiter
and II. M. Refs.
The Standard Fuel company, of St
Paul, was incorporated, with Robert
LouX as president and treasurer, and
f. S. Dowlan as vice president and
secretary. The authorized capital stock
is $4,000.
Fred +. and A. F. Bullein and H. E
Plair Incorporated the Winona Malt
ing company Its authorized capital
stock is 100000.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
AVENGE ASSAULT ON
THEIR LITTLE BROTHER
Three Wisdorf Boys Arrested for
Whipping e. Hinderer

Jacob, Peter and Joseph Wisdorf, the
oldest Of whom is nineteen years of
age, living at "a West Jessamine street,
were arraigned in police court yester-
day accused of having assaulted Ed
ward Hinderer, postoffice messenger,
living nearby on the same street
The boys said that Hinderer struck
their eight-year-efd brother, following
which they whipped Hinderer. The
cases were set for trial Saturday.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
BOY AND GIRL SWELL
FOURTH'S INJURED LIST
Pierce Mayer Bends Over Flower Pot
Z. and Eyes Are Burned

Pierce Mayer,sa nine -year-old boy,
residing at 6SI mississippi street,,is am
other victim Of the Fourth of July. He
was burned abede the face and his eyes
were injured by the explosion of a
flower pet"s which he had ignited at
his home Monday night The boys eye
lids were SO severely burned that fear
for his sight WAS entertained. DR.. B.
F. Simon, who is attending the boy,
said yesterday that his eyesfght VIII
not be affected - = *
Hilda Pelkey. ten years old, living at
242S Territorial fead, is suffering from
a wound in the leg caused by the wad
Of blank cartridge The wound was
inf1amed yesterday but It Is said that
no symptoms Of tetanus are evident.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
Takes Board Bill to Court

Edward Krause has begun suit in
the district court to recover s100 al
legged due him for board and lodging
from Edward. Folbe, whose family he
supplied with food and shelter from
Nov. L. 1903, to April /. 1904. In the
complaint the plaintiff alleges that
Folbe promised to pay him that
amount, but thus far he has not done
SO, and therefore he seeks damages to
the amount Of S100, with interest at s
per cent and costs of the action.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
Charged With Operating Blind Pia

Thomas Warburton. proprietor of a
confectionery store at University and
Smelling avenues, Merriam Park, was
arrested last night by Deputy Sheriffs
Hardick and Meade on. a warrant
charging him with conducting a blind
pig. The complaint was sworn cut by
Fl. A Campbell member. of the eiti-
zens' committee. Warburtnn was taken
to the county Jail.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
GUARDIANSHIP FEES
BARRED BY STATUTE
Judge Brill Reverses Probate ceart's
Order Allowing Then, to Trust Co.

Judge Brill yesterday handed down a
decision reversing the order of the pro-
bate COURT allowing the Security Trust
company guardianship fees for caring
for the interests of Helen l. and Jennie
M. Mankinson and Harriet O,Brien.
heirs of Juhqrs w Hfankinson, deceased
The statute of lin tiaaazs I'M erfered
with the payments, bet as there was
no objection at the time the claim was
filed Judge Baziiie allowed it.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
CITY NEWS

Ethel Miller Discharged-Gust Bar
son, who accused Ethel Miller of steal
ing $40 from him, failed to appear IN
police court yesterday and the woman
was discharged.
Commissioners to inspect WelLIn-
spection of the second of the White
Bear artesian wells will be made this
morning by a committee of the board
of county commissioners.
Annual Outing of Junior Pioneers
The Junior Pioneers will give their
annual outing at Forest Lake July IA,
the committee on arrangements tav-
ing agreed upon the programme.
jacobson Would Continue a Law
maker-Niels Jacobson, member OF
the last legislature, has filed notice of
his intention to seek the Republican
nomination as representative for the
Sixteenth district, Rock county.
Scribner Succeeds Judge McGarry-
j. S Scribner, an attorney of Walker,
was yesterday named by Gov. Van
SAINT to succeed ]. G. McGarry as judge
. of probate of CasS county. Judge Nc
Garry recently became insane.
First Ward Association to- Meet
The First Ward Improvement asso-
citation will hold its annual meeting
this evening at Sjoberg's hall, Payne
avenue and Wells street. Officers will
be elected and yearly reports will be
read.
SaIoonman in Bankruptcy Court
ATnpric II lx-ido lona1 SolnnnEnan-
er, has filed a petition in bankruptcy.
His debts, he says, amount to $4,650.62.
and his assets to $1,476.25. The pc
titioner formerly kept the Alamo on
West Third street.
Barber Charged With Forgetting
license-Thure Moline, a barber OPP
Grating at 922 Payne avenue, was be-
fore Judge Finehout in the police court
yesterday accused of practicing the
trade without the required state Ii
cense. Moline entered a plea of not
guilty and was held for trial Monday.
Date Fixed for SatoII Reception
The public reception for Cardinal Sa-
TOLL, who will be in st. Paul next week,
will be held at the Commercial club
Friday evening, July Is. Judge w. L..
Kelly will make the address of well
come. and representative gathering
will be present to greet the cardinal.
Boy Falls and Breaks Arm = John
Davis, nine years old, living at 666
Laurel avenue, is suffering from in
juries sustained Tuesday afternoon,
when he fell from second STORY win
dow of barn in the rear of his home.
His right arm was broken and he was
severely bruised about the body. DR..
William Richeson, who is attending
the boy, said that his condition is not
serious.
WheeInaan Runs Down Veteran-A1-
bert Listico, from the soldiers home,
was struck by a bicycle yesterday aft
ernoon at Sixth and Cedar streets, and
was severely bruised. The rider, who
came upon Listico suddenly as he was
turning the corner, jumped on his
wheel and rode away. The veteran
was carried into a cafe, and was at
tended by DIR. Boeckman. Though he
was bruised about the body, no bones
XVora hrOEap
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
WILL LEND $69,875
Investment Board : to Make
Loans to School Districts

Loans from the permanent school
fund to various school districts were
authorized yesterday by the state In
yestment board to the amount of $685.
875 Interest at per cent per annum
unjust be paid ON these loans and the
principal must be returned at the end
Of fifteen years. The total of such
loans owed by any school district cam
not exceed per cent of the real estate
valuation of the district. The several
loans authorized yesterday were:
10 the city OF Anoka, Anoka county,
$4,000; to Independent School District
No. a., Clay county, $4,000; Independent
District 90, Freedom county, $4,000;
District 81, Swift county, $4,000; Dis
trfct 80, Anoka county, $4,000; District
S5, Beltramf county, $4,000; District
1885, Redwood county, $1,000; District
al, Crow Wing county, 81, 750; District
As, Murray county, $1,000; District 107,
Redwood county, $1,500; District 5,
Waseca county, $1,000: District s.,
Redwood county, $1,000; District Z,
Sher'burne county, $1,000; Distrfct IL,
.Chisago county, $1,000; District SIS,
Benton county, $1,000; District 81
Anoka county, 81, 600; District So, Grant
county, $500; District IS, Murray coun-
ty, $3.50; District 20, Kittson county
$700; District 43, Kanabee county, $70e;
District 107, Mobiles county, $3.50; Dis
triet SO, Beltrami county, $500; District
81, Benton county, $500 District 4,
Washington county, $500; District 81,
Pine county, $425; District SO, Hubbard
county, $40e; District 20, Dakota eoun-
sjty, $500; District As, Clay county, $500
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
GIRL CLAIMS WOMAN
STRUCK HER MOTHER
Warrant Is Issued and Neighborhood
Row Will Be Aired in Court

Mrs. Andrew L. Anderson, 1852 Ev-
erett avenue, will be tried in police
court Thursday of next week on the
charge of assaulting Mrs. Mamie A.
Dolve. The information was filed by
Miss Amy Dolve, a daughter. of the
woman alleged to have been assaulted.
Mrs. Anderson entered a plea of not
guilty when arraigned before Judge
Finehout yesterday.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
STATE SENDS BUTTER
TO JULY COMPETITION
Minnesota Enters 100 Packages in the
st. Louis Contest

The state dairy and food commits
sion has secured for the July butter
competition at the ST. Louis fair 100
packages of Minnesota butter which
were shipped South Wednesday. They
will be tested between July Is and July
30. The commission hardly expects
this competition to give Minnesota al
the first places, as happened last
month The June samples We're some
what better than those now in transit.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
Receiver Sells White Bear Lots

An order confirming the sale of lots
ID and Is, block 81, Ramaley Park,
White Bear, to John e. Ramaley for
$40, was fled by Judge Jaggard yes
terday. The Germania bank was the.
owner of the property, the sale being
made by the receiver.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
BOY is CLEARED
OF LARCENY CHARGE
Boy Accused of Stealing Bicycle Proves
That He Bought Wheel

Edward Evans, having demonstrated
to E. Nevotny that he did not steal
but purchased the bicycle that was
found in his possession. will be dis
charged in the police court when the
repairs needed on the wheel have been
made. Evans was arrested charged
with stealing the wheel, but when
brought before Judge F1nehout yester-
day Novotny stated to the court that
he was convinced that the young man
did not steal the wheel.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
Wants Principal or interest of Note

Suit to recover SLIGO on a. promis-
sorry note has been begun in, the dis
trict court by John Kerwin against E.
r. Whitaker. In March, 1903, Whit
acker gave T. H. Kerwin his note for
SLIGO, bearing per cent interest to
be paid semi-annually and to mature
in one year. The holder later sold the
note to John Kerwin. Whitaker. SO
the latter alleges. has refused to meet
the note or pay the interest, and ac-
ton has therefore been brought to re-
cover the amount
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
Woman ESCAPES Drunk charce

Clara Nelson, living on College ave-
nue., was in the police court yesterday
accused Of drunkenness, but convinced
the court that she was able to take.
care of herself when arrested. The
Nelson woman recently had a man ar;
rested for stealing $50 from her.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
CHIEF JACKSON SUSPENDS Two
MERRIAM PARK FIRE FIGHTERS

Men Concerned, 1t Is Said, Are
Accused of Engaging in Fight
at Their Engine House July
4-Members of Fire Board
and Officers interested Re.
fuse to Discuss Case Sus.
pension IS Followed by Gem
eraI Order Against Use of
Liquor at Stations-Firemen
in Uniform Must Keep Out of
Saloons
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
Smoke Crusade Continues

Robert Hope, fireman at the Twin
City Rapid Transit companys power
house, on Hill street, was arrested yes
terday on complaint of the health de-
partment and accused of violating the
smoke nuisance ordinance. A plea of
not guilty was entered in police court,
and Hope was held for trial July 81.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
Concert at Como Tonight.

Concert at Como Tonight.
The Minnesota State band will play
the following programme at Como
park this evening:
March, Battery Park" Thayer
overture-"The Caliph of Bagdad'-
Boieldieu
Selling
Grand Selection-sI Lembardi'' Verdi
Incidental Soil
= INTERMISSION-
Festival March, introducing German
national songs Lassen
Caprice-sS Souvenir de FranzenSbad d.
Sabathi1
Excerpts from 's'The Prince of PHI
sen" OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. Lenders
March--..The Storm King PAUL
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08

We offer to the public safes III our vaults
at 81 per year, a trif1e over cent Per day.
and give absolute security against loss
from thieves. burglars. mobs and fire. Se-
curfty Trust Company. ". Y. Life BLDG.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08

Peter Becker Dies at Hanover
Peter Becker, a resident Of st. Paul
for twelve years, died suddenly of apo
plexy at Hanover, Mimi, while on a
visit July T. The remains were in
tered at ST. Michaels, Mimi, Tuesday.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08
MCCONNELL PLANS TO ADVERTISE
The BREAD AND BUTTER STATE

State Dairy and Food Commits
sloner Would Feed the Wan
derers on The Pike With Slices
of the Staff of Life Covered
With the Best Butter Pro-
daced . Cards Telling the
Ones Made Happy How to.
Continue Wen Fed VIII Be
Distributed With the Lunches
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08

= {, >-arTsn,
Children's drawers
Today we shall place on sale about so
dozen pairs children's good muslin
drawers, made with buttonholes, one
inch hem and two rows hem
stitching. Ages to 10 years NRS
Think of it-price only ~
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08

Wornen's skirts
both walking and dress
Just small lot. of strictly stylish
skirts of cheviot, .etamfne and mixed
tweeds Skirts that sold originally
at CTS. Make
choice today nA
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08

Barber Charged With Forgetting
license-Thure Moline, a barber OPP
Grating at 922 Payne avenue, was be-
fore Judge Finehout in the police court
yesterday accused of practicing the
trade without the required state Ii
cense Moline entered plea of not
guilty and was held for trial Monday.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08

SaIoonman in Bankruptcy Court
Morris II. Elvidge, a local saloonkeep-
er, has filed petition in bankruptcy.
His debts he says, amount to $4,650.62,
and his assets to $1,476.25. The pc
titioner formerly kept the Alamo on
West Third street.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08

Date Fixed for SatoIIi Reception
The public reception for Cardinal Sa-
TOLL, who will be in st. Paul next week,
will be held at the Commercial club
Friday evening, July Is. Judge w. L.
Kelly will make the address of well
come, and a representative gathering
will be present to greet the cardinal.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-08

Ethel Miller Discharged-Gust Bar
son, who accused Ethel Miller of steal
ing $40 from him, failed to appear IN
police court yesterday and the woman
was discharged.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-17

OF affection and esteem are offered In
Christmas gifts. This is a pleasing and
commendable custom, but the mere
present bestowed is not of so much
worth as IL the loving look and kindly
words that should accompany them.
Costly gifts beyond the means Of the
giyer are unwise, and wisdom and dis
erection should be exercised concerning
them It is not prudent to Vie with
enc another IN rich and costly pres
ents involving liabilities difficult to
meet, for, after all, 1t is the loving re-
membrane and the spirit IN which
gifts are made that commend them to
the recipients, and It should be kept
In mind that the mere annual gift or
birthday present viii not MI the void
that may have been caused by care
less neglect or thoukhtless inattention
during the other parts Of the year, The
poor should be remembered particularly
at this festive season. No one should
be left without the comforts Of life
while We are rejoicing over the advent
into the world Of Him who taught love
and charity and peace to be extended
even to our enemies. The poor ought
always to receive our aid and at Christ
mas time especially they should be
supplied with comforts suitable to the
occasion,
our educational affairs are In splen-
did FORM and steadily advancing.
Separate and distinct entirely from the
public schools and university, and re-
ceiylng no aid from the state or the
nation they are yet institutions OF
which the Latter-day Saints may well
be proud The Brigham Young uni
vcrsity az Provo, the l.. ID. S. Univer-
sity In Salt Lake City, the Brigham
Young college at Logan, are among
the chief educational institutions OF
the Church. while the various stake
academies and high schools in different
parts Of Utah and the regions sur
are all admirable establish
ments ana performing a grand work
In higher education among our peo-
pie. They receive such aid from Church
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-17
Utah's Strong Place at the Late Great Louisiana

- HE gates were closed and lights
went out Dec. A. 1904. closing the
greatest of AN worlds expose
lions, marking an epoch in his
tory.
Utah took ana maintained with dig
nifty her proper place among her sister
states. She has been intimately and
closely associated with all the United
States and Territories and nearly am
foreign nations Tor seven months past
Her immense mineral resources, her
products, her climate and wonderful
scenery have been heraldod over the
entire earth by the tens OF thousands Of
visitors that have seen and wondered az
the exhibits taken from the mountain
empire. "This from Utah. we have
looked upon Utah as the limit Of civil
izaton, the jumping of place Almost
every known mineral every species and
kind OF fruit ngs almonds. alsins
peaches, apples, etc., ana all the vege-
tables, also an the grains ana grasses.
We are indeed surprised aud delight
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-17

awards for excellency Of exhibits and
maintenance.
The jury In each case was composed
OF men Of high standing in their re-
spectIyc states and foreign countries,
from whence they hail. Each Is now an
agent FOR good, whose word and writ
Ing @ll be received as documentary ey-
idence Of our greatness
They do not hesitate in expressing
their appreciation. one instance viii
serve AS an example II comes from
the office OF Canada's prime ministers
utah made q magnificent display az
81 Louis, and was greatly appreciated,
! saw the crowds OF visitors daily at the
agricultural section. Congratulations"
Notices on Utah's produce and
commerce would please the Hon. Pre-
mer-Parent
(Slgned) ---. Province OF Quebec
Nearly 1000 letters commenting up-
ON the operation Of our concentrating
mill and our exhibit IN the mines and
metalurgy have been received from
leading officials and attaches, foreign
and American, and are now upon our
Giles for reference.
Our educational exhibit attracted
much comment The echoes are still TO
be heard throughout the land. The deaf
mute classes were so perfect In their
work, the sympathy between teacher
and pupils 80 apparent that favorable
remarks are still heard relative to our
school work in this particular line. We
must not underestimate the wonderful
amount OF good done by our fellow
townsman a true artist, John ], Nc
Clellan, His playing at Festival hall
caused Utah stock to raise higher than
any social event that we could have
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-17

~, ,,.,,.,,...,,,.,, ,,,l s,r,ior rsnrsennto-
...s. ,s., ,,,.,. na. .,,raa gra,t man.
,,,.. 80 5s,,r,,a5 and nrdeceloned
a...r,, s,.h ~, o,,or,,ri,,, may nov.
~. ..,,,. ,,.,t, r,,, hos t,ron odyon.
-, I..,...,..5 d.,
T, I .,,,.,,., r,,,,.,,,or co,c,,is
alan ~ a.. .,,,, ~, nor had p,ec.l
o., ..',. s.-3. ..ooao ,,ir .bi., IN
..,... -. .,i ...or..,. t.,,-.
,t .....,,' .,,,a,,a,. 900, ~, ..,,.. 100,
49,. w. '',.'5 80. 80 -.
.s'.. ..,, -. DO. - ,,..,,,,.
r 80.
ron of NATURAL resources. with this
amount opproprIated. The commission
vas required 10 purchase. collect trans.
MORT Install and maintain nm exhibit In
the mines aud mctlIlurgy building
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-17

/ made possible, We look upon n'n
one NJ our exhibits" a Uuh prodl,-
lie "a now rated as an artist among Ia'
leading organ performers OF the WON.
and While we have used men as ".
have produce end minerals to aayl .,,,
onr beloved umb, we cannot allow ' ',i'
opportunry to pass to pay him '"'
tribute
DR. r. Fl. Bradtorls two.hoar .,
mre each day upon milling ana O''
5os bosn n source OF information aoa
10Y to thousands and t'm.n'''l
too soon
THOMAS Iudds stay az The 'sID.
mr,l departincnt while sho'7 was y
me greatest moment TO ut'h ne n.' W."
dnuany sung her praises ava U, .s,,,
Nh au with the goods They we're 'na,
and many Of them from bic own ''''
and ag tree. gratis to the state -.
p.ot uo,,cc cummings work at ne
e5os WI section vas a grand . ,,..
soso boyor1 an our aaucipauons 20.
hundreds and thousands among ",
redororues will have reason .J
rsme,nber him always for Ihe new ., lr,
hrlrbt thoughts Injected mo i''
school theories ,,,
All the assistants and a''su ."rs,
have filled their positions 10 a ", ,,o,..
that will redowu credit upon oui n,l,b.
The press has been our prem. .'u, one
out an exception and has w. NOR,
with another. in giving yuan -,
than her share Of favorable 'o''p' ,.
Lectures have been delivered '''0, ,.,
on, the union. illustrated win ''' -
aides. Amons them were some
rltah's choices bits Of scenery ,.rn
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-17

product. with advanced exper-
fence In the cultivation OF the beet
and IN the manufacture therefrom Of
nrst-class sugar, we have promise on
a fun supply OF the saccharlne article
for home consumption and to supply
our neIghbors in surrounding states and
territories All this will greatly pro-
mote development Of the resources ana
augment the wealth Of this mtermoun-
tain region.
The action taken by the government
towards developing and controlling the
streams ana waters that can be used Tor
the irrigation OF our agricultural lands,
gives hope and courage to the farmers,
and these are made stronger by the exc
periments Of the Agricultural college Of
the state Of Utah. which give evidence
that by scientific farming abundant
crops can be raised here with the use OF
much less water than mas peeh CUSTOM
airy win these douole au'a"''s's-
HIST the PROMISE Vi 'i'o'' water wv"
'ne e''ue"'e ''"' "'''' wv ""'"''
''''' ''" ''''''''''''' - ''''' '''