davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

for the few trodden paths, leading up the
mountains behind them, there is slight
evidence Of farm work as we know it.
Everything is in perfect and curIo us
order. The land is very much cut up by
ownership in these valleys, so that at GER
tain periods in harvesting on what little
ground is thus possessed the landscape
Is a vast patchwork in various colors.
The Alpine pastures are generally far
away from the farmers home, up among
the mountains. sometimes touching the
glacier line The cattle are driven up to
them in the early spring, and there they
remain until the snow and cold drive them
downward
The tremendous labor this all entails in
carrying provisions for the herdsmen
and transporting the milk vessels through
seemingly impossible places and up and
down rocky declivities, that appear also
impossible to negotiate, would astcund the
American farmer. That the cattle are able
to ascend these prccipitous paths, here
and there choked by huge boulders and
gravel from recent earth avalanches, is the
first surprise; that the Swiss can so COM
placently continue their singular struggles
for existence is the second surprise
Their grain crops are wretched affairs.
In one OF the stables saw grain bags bear
ing Chicago tags.
The gathering of wild hay on the noun
tains is an astonishing performance. ]
have seen men and women cutting It with
dexterols sweeps Of the scythes at an ele-
walton of three or four thousand feet
and on slope Of forty-five degrees. Some
times the men are secured by ropes and
will spend hours in gathering tufts of grass
from crevices in the rocks in places where
death would be the result of the slightest
accident.
On one occasion | saw a man cutting
the grass on the top of an extending cliff
shaped like the back of a fish, at an eleva-
ton of six thousand feet with a sheer drop.
Nothing could have saved him had his
foot slipped. There was neither rope nor
rock for him to lay hands on.
The Swiss farmer loves his cattle. He
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16
NEW ZEALAND LAKES NOT
LARGE, BUT VERY DEEP

The Government Of New Zealand set a lot
Of men at work while ago collecting facts
about the fresh water lakes of New Zealand.
One part of the work was the taking Of
soundings for the purpose of determining
the form Of the lake basins.
, These surveys have covered all the more
important lakes. They are all in the north
island except two, which are nestled
below the snow and glaciers Of the New
Zealand Alps in the south island. The
surveyors have discovered a remarkable
fact about these two mountain lakes.
They had to splice their sounding wire
to reach bottom in each Of these lakes
Though they are not very large sheets of
water they prove to be among the deepest
lakes in the world,
Lake Manapouri is about twice as large
as Manhattan Island. 1t is long and narrow
and not remarkably deep excepting in one
area embracing nearly three square miles,
every bit of which is over | 400 feet beneath
the surface.
The greatest depth found was LASS feet
The highest and deepest slopes Of the noun
tains hem in this deepest depression of the
lake bottom.
Lake Wakatipu is forty nine miles long
and about five times as large as Manhattan
Island, It's greatest depth is i242 feet, in
which respect the other lake beats it; but
the remarkable thing about Wakatipu is
that few lakes reach 30 great an average
depth. The entire water surface. covering
liz square miles, is on an average 707 feet
above the bottom Of the lake
Lake Superior is the deepest Of our lakes
but its average depth is only four-sevenths
that of Lake Wakatipu The Now Zealand
lake has double the average depth Of lakes
Michigan and Ontario. three times that of
Huron and ten times that Of Erie.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

has names T every one Of his COWS, but
! there are Singular manif tations OF his
love. During the winter the cows stand
in small barns knee deep in filth. The owner
for violation Of the sanitary laws.
Naturally enough, the COWS seem to be
restless when the springtime comes. 1t Is
said that they remember their alpine pas
lures and are anxious to return to them.
/ do not doubt it; even animals might have
this Inconsistencies, so often ascribed to
Swiss COWS in song and story, under these
conditions.
But it's great day when the COWS 60 up
into the mountains. The leading dairy
man of the valley announces when the
snow is cleared from the Maiensdess and
pastures-and the advance Sem, the cheese
maker, and the goat boy take up the first
supply of implements.
On their report that all is right, the dairy
man, with his independent, Alp and twenty
four cows starts forward, and then the
mountain steward, or pfduder gives the
word, and all the small farmers who hold
rights Of pasture for even one cow join
the procession.
The leading COW has somehow or other
bell, and l saw one that weighed thirty
pounds, made Of copper alloy and capable;
Of containing fifteen litres., 1t bore the
date 1905. A cow deprived Of this bell
will die of despair. The herd seem to
observe q certain rank, and a cow trans
ferred to another herd will fight for her
position. A good leader brings a high
price.
The sheep and the goats are dealt with in
the same way. The shepherd watching
his sheep on the B6deli at Interlaken is a
familiar sight They must need be con-
tinually rounded up by Bob lest they stray
on somebody else's pastures. The goats
run more or less wild, but generally as
semble. 1t is suspected that many Of them
are of chamois descent.
The Swiss farmer seldom handles any
money. Once a year in the early fall, he
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

r,.., s.z ,,.rx-. .-,;.la.,. x,,as,;zx,
huih accePts hoiieie without QUESTION,
and plugs his way through Don QuiSote'
W it'll the conviction that he is preparing
himself for effective service in the late
Snani.h r,oo,,.;a,,a ,,,,aor ~ Ar,o,;o,,,
i''''''i' nv" '''''o' Wv '~''''
nag.
Meanwhile there is the library, delight
fully housed, admirably lighted, rich in
rrany ,i,arat,,ros ond rresidad oyer b,. nm
anth,,.;sa,;. 49,, ~ 90 - -.
eH'p W., io'ei oi DOORS. BEFORE t:e
unwilling youngsters have finished their
course they have read three times as much
English literature as most of them ever
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

! GRIMMIALP, Switzerland Oct. THE
morals Of the Swiss peasantry fifty years
ago were worse than they are now, but their
manners and customs have remained the
same for a thousand years. Nowhere else
tn all the world, perhaps, have people so
long continued to do things in he same
old way and to live so long under the same
old roof.
i. Their love of the picturesque and the
beautiful seems inherent. You will see
the Swiss farmer sit In the twilight hour
b a ,trancehke reverie gazing at the valleys
and scrutinizing every inch of the activity
on which his COWS are feeding. He loves
It all with sturdy though quiet respect.
Perhaps the reason for his silence is that
there Is a loss of adjective force in the rami-
dcations Of the Benese dialect.
His ways are totally unlike those Of the
American farmer. He cuts his hay in the
rain and makes TO attempt to cultivate it
In the sur. he gathers It three times a
year while 1t is still green, and stores it in a
barn with opeE timber work like an Ameri-
can corn house. &c.,,
It fills the air with fragrance almost as
pungent as peppermint and as sweet as
syringa, and as most of these barns are built
close up to the house, the smell permcates
the belongings. 1t is hay made of short
grass and wild fowers-the blnebel flow
ers, the red poppy and the delicate mauve
tinted crocus. This mixture is perhaps
one OF the reasons why Swiss cheese has n
singular favor of its own aud why the
butter needs no salt.
a. The Swiss farmer tolls in devious ways.
He begins earlier than there is any good
reason FOR doing, but in this his American
cousin is not far behind him; aIid he takes
. rest whenever he feels like it, arc at that
time lunches Oh some extremely hard bread
and infer ior cheese, chiefly Of goats milk,
that has a taste very unpleasant to some
people
There Is no homemade bread-it is all
made by the village baker. Sometime,
the farmers buy enough to last them sew
eral weeks, and as the crust is almost as
hard as rock IN the first instance, it is no
wonder that the Swiss peasentry have the
worst teeth in the world; when they ache
they arc pulled out. If you ash why the
farmers wife does not bake bread you will
he told, because IL is not the custom. If
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

| The book shelf is common to most houses,
and some Of the books are very old. The
most recent literature outside the occasional
new spaper that | saw was SCOTS works
| in German.
The Swiss chalet is sometimes very tiny
and sometimes very large. No matter what
the siu, is they are all built on the same
plan, with their outdoor galleries. and
| the WOOD has peculiar quality. 1t is
running full of antiseptic juices that pre-
serve it, and as years go on the wood
changes color-maroon, chestnut, mahog-
any. and finally. like the gradations in a
meerschaum pipe. runs into rich black
Sometimes you will see a chalet with its
weather side in deep brown while the OPP
poste side will be in a chrome yellow.
Down in the valleys. the chalet roofs are
being gradually replaced by clay thing, but
up in the mountains the quaint roofs with
their heavy load Of rock to keep them from
Icing blown away still G 1T.
There is q wind here callcd the fohn. 1t
has warm bIcath and seems to pulsate
with feverish passion. When it sweeps
down the mountain passes it Is source of
much destruction, kind!irg TIRE in its path
if it is fed by the slightest spark. Many
chalcts are destroyed hy this fire wind
every year, anu TUcentiy tI.cV nave DcCOine
so fearful in certain valleys that all fires
used either in cooking or even in tho to-
bacco pipe are hastily eNtinguished at the
first warnings CT this wind. The famous
old village Of Mciringen has been twice
DESTROYED by tho fohn, and Ven Grindel-
valid the glacier village, has had several
attacks.
The Swiss ohalets are all on the same
plan | may say that every beam and bolt
is duplicated in each successive building.
The first story walls are made Of heavy
stone aud are very thick, plastered over
and painted white, and so constructed as to
offer great resistance in case OF a coliiding
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

avalanche. The superstruct ire is always
picturesque and ornamented as deliberately
as conditions will permit.
Extending across the fro, over the
second story windows is generally some
inscription carved in the wood and giving
the date Of construction. Some inscrip-
tons state that the house was built as a
heritage for the youngest child. while
others contain sorne notation of historical
value. An old chalet on lane in Meiringen
has written upon it. The year this house
vas built bushel of wheat Is worth 10
kronen-,5S7.'
The traveller must especially note the
evident love of color and flowers among
the Swiss peasantry. The little windows
of the chalets are full of pots of geranium
observed that in all these windows are
snow white curtains, and these, surrounded
by the white window easements and green
blinds, have an effective background in
natural wood.
These homes generally belong to the
Youngest son Of the current family. The
first born are sent out by the parents to
make homes of their own, and then when
the baby reaches maturity he takes posses
sion and the old folks are reegated to a
smaller cottage close at hand and must
eventually be cared for by the baby, should
they become inca pacitated to live without
care.
The physical condition Of the Sv ISIS
peasantry docs not seem to be Of the best
A nuroher of years ago goitre was very
prevalent, and cases are still seen, but it
has been much suppressed by abstaining
from the Use of glacier water. Inter
marriage now seems to be the chief evil,
and the results are very apparent in COM
plexion, countenance and mental and
physical dwarfng.
The American farmer would be much
surprised could he behold the country
here in Grimmalp. He would see the great
green activities dotted by these really
beautiful chalets entirely surrounded by
short grass, without any apparent cow
yards, chicken yards OF pig sites Except
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

/ have seen done by tramps. One Of them
is the transformation Of this same despised
tin can into very creditable frying pan.
when a hobo wants to fry piece Of
meat he looks around for suitable tin
can. II he can find four quart can, he has
exactly what he wants; II not, a two quart
can will answer.
with stone he knocks off the top and
bottom pieces and unsolders the cylinder
part of the can, which Is made of a single
piece of tin This he rolls out fiat like a
sheet of paper. He has only to turn up
each edge about an inch and clinch the ends
to make very decent pan.
-Tramps are often able to beg small
piece Of meat from butcher. This, with
a few potatoes, makes good meal and it
Is no uncommon sight to sec n hobo sitting
beside fire, watching his bit Of beefsteak
fry in his self-made pan
Men Of this class are almost invariably
smooth faced. l used to wonder how they
managed to keep their faces clean until
! scraped an acquaintance with one of them
by the roadside.
Around his neck noticed string, and
wondering If hoboes wore charms. l asked
HIM what he carried on the string Much
10 INV Suipilse' lie lisheu up ruZoi. MY
surprise was increased when ] saw that
it was in good condition.
How do you manage to keep it so sharp"
] asked
He smiled and pointed to his belt. The
side next his body had become n fairly
good strop through use.
But what do you do for a glass;? l in
qured?
From his pocket he drew forth a rectan-
gular package, probably two by three
inches. wrapped in paper. He took off the
wrapper and showed me a fine piece Of look
ing glass, placed against block Of wood
cut to fit. The wood was to keep the glass
from breaking.
There are many clever things they do,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16
Indian Head Coach or Football Team.

From The Kansas Ciiv Journdi
For the first time in its history the Carlisle
Indian football team this season will have
a fullblooded Indian head coach and as
si'tant coaches. with FIJI authority 20 plan
their own campaigns against tho products
of the white mems universities. in the per
sons of Edward Rodgers, head coach an"
Frank Hudson nd Demus Fierce assistant.
Never before have the redskins been truetn
to do the brain work incident to the planhlhs
Victories have Enthusiastically been en- due TO the
careful coaching of such men as Glenn
Warner. Cornell. and Bull Hickook ana
Mccormick, Yale,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16
Preparing for Election Night Bonnres.

From the Philadelphia Record.
Thousands Of housekeepers are preparing
to dispose Of the tons Of old rubbish by burn.
ing IL up with the fires with which the small
boy will celebrate election day next month.
Tn @ election fires are n boon to many house.
holders who live in congested parts OF ne
city. where there nre no convenient lois
upon which to burn old and broken furniture
bedding. boxes and other stuff that aCCuInu.
latcs around a house year after year JuN
now the small boys are collecting all sorts
are NOT at ali parti|,lnT about The value or use
funess Of the articles they gather in, little
extra vigilance of house holders is neccs-ar:
to prevent the mysterious dsa ppearar~
OF backyard belongings In Presidential
years the boys seem to make more elaborate
preparations for the bonfres and their aci
tivity in srirting away infammahe material
Is increased by rivalry among different ganse
to make the biggest demonstration.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

attends the cattle market Fit be In Mel
ringen or Interlaken the town puts on
holiday attire, and the streets are filed
with little booths for the sale Of various
adornment.
When the farmer makes a sale he buys
foolishly from these displays and then
deposits the rest Of his money in the bank,
yodling the herdsmen's. songs, or kuh-
seigen," as they are called in the Swiss
German dialect. The Alpine yodel Is well
known.
The main product Of the Swiss farmer
is cheese. and it is manufactured in the
most primitive way. At times, when, the
upper pastures are in use the daily
yields Of milk must be carried down to the
lower pastures where there Is sufficient
store room This is difficult and exasper-
ating task.
The milking begins at o'clock in the
morning. The milk is poured into great
copper oaldron, curdled by rennet, and
then put in cloth and mould and then
under, q. heavy and clumsy press. II 10
turned three or four times that day. and In
the morning the cheeses are put In the store
room and kept for months each day being
dipped in strong salt bath. In the manu-
facture of this cheese it seems to me that
the plebeian methods and the mingling OF
1t is heated in the kettle must have con-
siderable to do with it's strange taste-quite
as much, / fancy, as the quality Of the day
and the flowers that are consumed by the
COWS.
cannot say that the making Of Swiss
cheese is attended with the sanitary care
that is followed in the best American
factories. In nearly all the Swiss diaries
may be seen cheesee that have come down
as legacies in the family. Some Of them
are 200 and 800 years old and are only cut
when the senn's eldest son celebrates his
wedding, and then not until the names OF
the brid e and bridegroom have been carved
in the rind.
The women are all hard workers. In
the best class Of Swiss peasant life the wives
are not only good helpmeets but are careful
in bringing up their children. Every one
must attend school at some time In his
youth and all can read and write well.
Every home is numbered and insured
by the Government, which is very paternal
and looks after its own domestic welfare
with a surprising degree of solicitude. The
young girls begin as early as IL years OF age
to lay by little stock Of linen, and by the
time they have reached marrying age theif
dowry consists of hundreds Of pieces OF
underclot thing and bed linen. 1t is all stored
away in deliberately carved chests that are
handed down from generation to generation.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

and, despite their ragged appearance, many
that is the only reason why their clothes
don't go to pieces altogether II only their
energy equalled their sharpness, many
OF them would rank high in the best trades
and professions. Laziness is their worst
en- envy"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

Some persons may think these lakes are
80 deep because they are hemmed in by
mountains. But probably none OF the
Alpine lakes Of Europe is 80 deep as these
two fresh water sheets, Possibly the only
inland bodies Of water SURPRISING them IN
greatest depth are the Caspian, with 400
fort, Tanganyika with 2,ioO feet, and BaikAl
with 1850 feet
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16

"Your reference to the hobo and the tin
can, said traveller Of wide experience,
reminds me of some OF the clever things
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1904-10-16
T'1'-HEsUN
.A{Gil wh@
plona. bd
/

Gabrielle wd
Of happy pare
children are bd
that they will
they grow up{
should have 81
or the wife d
her mother wa
for her. For Il
was necessary
tinually tellins
-Oh, Gabriel
certificate with
Acc6rdinglyI
herself for ex
mother console
1T was the
uninlportant {
ton with the 81
At the seed
Gabrielle sued
Of her nothef
Inflated GROr
date, taking e3
NJ, AIignot
head master d
names Of the
was a model te
and a bachelo
TO a high de-
general estee'I
bors.
He CAME to
tinual candida
ing face and
sadness. He (
What! IND
will pass the N
he. you fail
time. Now !s
all, be OF good
another time.
With much
tangle 30 her.
brielle failed
Is another and
came.
One Dis. i'll =
this time very :
1t Is neces
explained. II
Mother can nj
must 20 to wo
which will he'll
school certified
Her tears
was troubled.
men who cannI
out sadness.
The great g
have told VIII
Mignot or Cab
He told the u
hall when the
dates " ere TO b
m ade him fee
came into his
name. Gabrie
examination, I'd
Hang the of
This came o1
ale was almos
seated in FROM
men, bald for
pass the frighta
The first eNS
skull cap " it'll {
kempt hair and
at the same tii
Rs he looked nd
Il have for
almost childis
pnademoiselle.
Henry W.
While he vi
repeat ing to
NJ. Mignot III
speak quickly1
answered.
Henry v"
There was II
room.
Perhaps you
said the eXanh
was only an I'd
not come 10
h?"
Poor Gabriel
neither answer
and Monsieur,
ignorance, ma
and passed I'd
The exanlina
This man was
had a slightly
Please" sal
for us these x
A form NOR
Ne 'er hath il
and he paused
picious look Sd
the tears rose
Che seemed to-
surprise: W.
1mpatiently
0fniner spoke.
, IF you ple
waiting. Writ
Now the Lad
Waminers. AM
passed the WI
s"Mademoise
Do you see moi
examiner in q
Nothing, n
a long fnge
on her tablet
Then she az
a form MOI
- Ne'er hath
" Nervously. :
Did you til
asked the ed
little louder:
binary candid
We will pass
The REMAND
dressing. Tho
vhced beforel
asked her a ID
She blundere
did not insist
When she VI
not, as male as
q oh, my POI
Gabrielle w,
1T is all on
"a mama. What
Oh, ] shall dill
M.:gnot
pressed her
consolatory Z
replied: T.
, what wilt
become OF us1
NJ; Mignot u
quickly. Yet
Tor just such
was the opp{
The Forrest City times., 1904-03-11
MAINTAINING GOOD ORDER
The Military in Control at Spring.
 field, O., and Order Restored.
The Reign Of Terror Apparently Over, the Mob. SecminGil HaN-
 inS spent It's EurY.

Springfield. O, March 1O.-The sltu- ation here is quiet. with the militia from Dayton. Miamisburg and other points maintaining good order IL is not thought that there will he any more Eiolesse, since the troops have taken possession of the town
 Mayor BCwlus is of the opinion that the reign of terror is over. The troops are in immediate command of Col. II T. Meade, of Dayton. who is in constant communication with Gov Herrick at Columbus. The troops may be ordered home, as the mob seems to have spent it's fury.
 The loss from the fire during the night is estimated from Sl5 900 to S20.- OOo, most of the buildings occupied by the colored people being very small.
 Among the buildings destroyed were number of saloons patronized by ne- groes and whites. Of all the "levee" saloons only that belonging to Charles Bray. al the corner of Gallagher and Washington streets. is left standing