davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

Garfield county oontributed $780,
O00 worth Of potatoes 70 The asricul-
tural wealth Of the Centennial state
for 1904. Fifteen hundred carloads 10
ths estimate Of the potato crop for
that county. and many ranehes report.
Cd . yisld Of over twenty tons of the
tubsfs 70 the anrs.
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

Ovsr e600. 600 Was distributed In
wages TO the miners Of the Cripple
Crsek district. Colorado's greatest
gold camp. for the mouth ending No
ven,ber 10. iyN This 10 the lars~s,
pay sou for two years. There ere
ever 8. 900 miners as work IN tha dis.
trict and the production Of the csmp
exoesds two million dollars per
month.
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

The Missouri facihc has given
potios thas all tickssa reading beyond
S. Louis will permit stop-over ~ st
Louis Of ten days, TO enable purchaser
to visit the Worlds fair. Also. all
tickets to St. Louis will permit stop
over at Kansas City. Of not to exceed
ten days ON depositina ticket. aud on
payment Of fee Of 41.00. Il
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25
Better Than Pills.

The quesrion has been ashsd-In
what way ara Chamberlain Stomach
AMI Liver Tablets superior to the or.
dinary cathartic and liver pills? Our
annwer is-Ttey are easier and more
pleasant 10 take and their effect 10 80
gentle and 20 agreeable that one hard
" realizes that 1t 10 produced BY ,
medicine. Then they not only move
the bowels but improve the appetite
aud AID the digestion. For sale ~
20 cents per bottle BY all druggists.
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

A remarkabls dinner Was served
rscently By . farmer near Auls. The
table, was set for twelve. and th"
menu CONSISTED Of one 8 i2-pound
potato. one i6-pound cabbage. ono 10
pound chicken. ono 6-pound turpip.
one 3-pound onion and three pies nsds
from . one and half pound apple.
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

fhs Asv Arsss shtsA. - Dssssss's
Asps. - ssss shs baif sDsssa ~
y ~ ~ ssas vhtpA dips ~ ~
f.D's sUqrAlias 90 vhsn ~ sAil6
StsA slss ~ bsss rsprsvsd by shs
vstss q a9sstses.
h 60Wss rspressos Daahood 10
H. sASnoas & isfaasy. yossb. nan
heo1, - - -.
II ~ ass yastsss - naaiield.
enusetues - ppapttsU Il s9ss-
siss IsaA - - plaes Il IL IL parity
- sssssy. evss the seob oe 49,
beloved fPisDa. whsrs sbs1dies
sressd iss fragrasos It steals spoo oar
sssss lits the Ds1asy ot the deparssA
heisg bsosash.
Bosneines the hAsd Of pride will
pluch IL from iss stem. 70 dsck the
fsir hais Of shs blooming bride. OF
"a by its odor - the festive sosus.
ed not issreaasutly tits the mute
bearer Of some fond tale Of love 70
the ecstatie ssnse OF hsr WHO'S. heart
and fselinss gre ~ length jsssiesd. BY
its sweet laaSnaes. In the thoughts
they 20 long have harbored.
II soothes the cares Of the troubled
soul. and allevistes the panss of sor-
row. Il wins upon % BY lite modest
thouRh blooming sppesrsno~ and ITS
gentle nfiuepce st~els into our bosoms
and softsns our natures.
6sudv tho hovsr and bsbold the
goodness and mercy Of the Almighty.
austomise them. and behold the In.
nunarabls parts which form and
make up the WHOLE and the systsms
aud order with which they are Joined
together.
Refinement which among the flowers
through the adeosious Of our hearts
are gtse~ liesnss 70 rove. and sharv
the enthusiasm Of our nature over
comes the d'mdspoe Of oor feelings
Voluntary Loma&s arises Of tair and
beautiful. and the soul In the con.
ssmplation sighs itsslf away In .
delicious reveris.
Not Len -bsantifol than trsly has is
been said:
''Thsre 10 religion In flower.
It's still small yoics 10 y the Voice
Of Copcsisnce, mountains. and oceans.
planets, suns. and systems. bear out
the impress Of Almighty Power. In
chAraoters moro legible than those
which he has traced upon tho sipiest
flower whose light bell bends beneath
the dev drops weight"
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

Forty three pounds waa the weight
Of AAapgars sbset raissd by-J. q. Nell
son. near Arvada and which forms
part OF the agricultural exhibit made
By the OsatsnniA sststes at ths, par.
ohase exposition In 6t. Louis. Il 10 80
inches in ioireanfsrsnos and II inches
In diameter.
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

Dispatches frsm London on Thanks
giving ssll of ~she susenss cold IL the
United Kingdom. the thermometer
r-aoh,uR Is degrees below freesing,
the 4coidrss recorded IN MANY years.
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

The prisoners in the s'sss psuiten
tiary wee not given tattsy on
Thanksgiving because it 10 alleged the
prices Of lhs birds were too high.
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

Osnol City will agitafe tha sdviss.
bility OF owing its owl light plant.
The city lights now COS. %, 600 . year
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

We ara truly thankful that matters
in Colorado are better than they were
. year ago.
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25
Denver 6 Rio Grande Railway.
O. T. MRNzEL. Agent.

ARRIv. DKPAK1
,np. ,n >.
liDan uasan
la q. iMae
saD.
nsi -
s@.. sm..
SO ~ sDpn
nsi p . nA
aeAa sDa.
lAaa rnss
The daily tribune., 1904-11-25

No. l-Paaillc coast limited
from Deaves and sassefn
oonneetionB- B--------.----.
No. 1-Atlantic coast limit
ID, from California 'and
Waatern p0inta--..-------
No. 3-Paeado ooast eHprose
fro0 Donver- -...-------.
No. @Atlantio ooAst ex-
pcoRa from California and
Voosofu points
No. 1TsAns-ooQtino q "a /
limited ffo0 De0ver and
eastern connections ----.
No. @Tfans-coa n . /
linitsd. fro0 California
and western po1nts-----.
No. e-Oeavor aA0 Canoa
CITY Rlyse. ---...---...--
No. N-OAnoa CITY ard
Ounvss Hyse-
llQ. lB-Cnaognflo npeoea
1Fun Uqnvse- .-....-...,s...---- :
NJ. uECoanEn4D oEDe6go
1ANgeqeASql019iA
|, 1lAs~ssssss~ e~-1ps~.
The daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1904-1905, 1904-11-15
"Old Arkansaw.'

The past theatrical season is said
to have been the most disastrous
financially since 1894, but "Old Ar
kansaw' proved to be an exception.
Big business prevailed throughout
the entire season. The fact has be-
come known to the theatre-going pub
lie that any attraction bearing the
name of Fred Raymond is yuaran-
lee in itself Mr.. Raymond believes
IN giving the people full value for
their money, and always produces
good plays with good people and
good scenery. Fred Raymond ia
nous comedy or to name it Justly,
melodramatic comedy cold Arkan-
saw with an entire new set of seen
cry and mechanical effects, new COM
edy situations and a metropolitan
company of players will be seen at
the New Phillips tonight. "Old Ar
kansaw" is one of the biggest mon
ey-makers of any production now on
the American stage.
The daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1904-1905, 1904-11-15
ADJUSTMENTS
A Recognized Star.

| From the viewpoint of scenic
equipment, the "Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hide = production Is one of the best
shows entour this year. The man
aeement Of this sterling attraction
determined from the outset to give
the proper backing TO the company
engaged for the Interpretation of
the play, and as result the play
goers of this city will view this
evening one Of the most
satisfying offerings of the year. Ev-
cry act is dressed in the most pleas
ing fashion, and every regard has
been given even the most minute dc
tails, as well as the more prominent
ones. Mr.. Elwyn Strong has gained
a prominent place amor Ameri u :
leading men His support this Sea-
son is unusually strong.
y ai,! Trim Dixie
Sam S. Shubert's production of
"a Girl From Dixie which will be
presented at the Gennett Theatre
Saturday, November 10Th, will be
no doubt welcomed as most re-
freshing novelty in the line of musi-
cal comedy entertainment. AL
though it presents in most happy pro
portions the combination of bright,
catchy and popular music, as we'll as
genuine comedy Of an entirely re-
fined nature, the construction of the
piece is radically different from the
modernly accepted type Of musicai
comedy. The book, which is by Har-
ry B. Smith, well known as the au-
thor Of "Robin Hood,' etc, con
tains a capital story of well-sustain-
ed interest. In some of the chief
comedy roles are such noted comedi-
ans as ID. L. Don, Charles X. French,
Clifford Leigh, Thos. j. Keogh, Chas
Fl. Shelter, Arthur 7. Earnest, Julia
Bruck, Olga May, Helen French AL
the clever prima donno soprano Miss
Gertrude Millington. Among the
many song hits which will no doubt
become popular here, are "The AL
phabet Of Love- "Mary From
Maryland" "Bubbles," "When the
Sunfower Turns to the Sum- and
American Heiresses.''
The daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1904-1905, 1904-11-15
Morphine
What is to Become of the Constantly
Increasing Number Of Drug
Victirs?
Can They Be Cure--?9

This question is agitating the minds
Of the best ministers, doctors and
thinking men Of today. There are
over million drug users in the Unit.
ed States alone. and the number is
rapidly increasing. ALI unite in say
Is that reliable cure is the only
salvation. This is no ordinary dis
ease and yields to no ordinary drugs
methods of treatment. We nov
offer our treatment which we guaran-
N will cure any case of Morphine
Opium, Laudanum, Cocaine or othe,
drug habit or refund your money. Tt
any person suffering from this dread
full disease we will send trial pack
age of our treatment absolutely free
Write today. All correspondence
strictly confidential in plain en-
elopes. Address, Manhattan Tbcra
peutic Association, Dept B., 1l35
roadway, New York City.
The daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1904-1905, 1904-11-15
Under Southern Skies

One Of the events of the theatri-
cal season will be the appearance of
"Under Southern Skies at the
Gennett Theatre on Wednesday even
ing, Nov. 23rd. SO great has been
the success of this beautiful play
throughout the East that three en-
tire seasons have been played there,
many cities being revisited three and
four times. The play is in the au-
thor's most delightful vein and when
it is remembered that Mrs. Parker.
who wrote "Under Southern Skies
also wrote "Way Down East
much may be expected of this, her
latest drama.
"Under Southern Skies' is full
Of life, light and gayety, and fills
the audience with the spirit of
youth and romance. The great beau
ty of the scenic settings, the dainty
costuming, the many amusing and
diverting characters and incidents,
the absorbing love story, and the
Hallowe zen celebration and pumpkin
dance, all GO to make "Under South
ern Skies one Of the most delightful
and satisfying entertainments now
before the public. The company is
very large numbering in all twenty
three acting people. the unusual
of eleven ladies appearing In
good parts.
The daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1904-1905, 1904-11-15
MONEY LOANED

From 5 to per cent.
Thompson 8 Loan and Real Estate
Agency, Main and Seventh streets.
The daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1904-1905, 1904-11-15
MADAME

field
of
endorsed official
magazine Full OF interesting stories
monthly quarter
other woman's magazine attempts to do.
The daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1904-1905, 1904-11-15
some of Madame's Contributors

Lady HenryS omerse Wheeler Wilcox Potter
Mrs MaudM Miller
Mrs May Wright Sewal Ca lille Manclar Jessie Alderman
Edmund lsussel Karoewitz
The daily palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1904-1905, 1904-11-15

The little folks love DIR. Wood s
Norway Pine Syrup. Pleasant to
take; perfectly harmless. Positive
cure for coughs, colds, bronchitis, as
thma.
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
SIX HORSES CARRIED
DOWN WITH THE FLOOR
Tenants Above Rushed Into Street
Fearing Entire Building Was
Tumbling In.

NEW YORK. July 2.-There was a
panic at 10 O'Clock last night when
third OF the ground floor Of the building
at 160 West Twenty-sixth Street col
lapsed and precipitated six horses into
the cellar.
Tenants came flying down the stairs
from the flats on the two upper floors
and dashed into the street crying that
the whole house was falling.
Policeman TOrpey couldn't open the
locked stable door, so he ran TO the
house Of Hook and Ladder Truck y
and the firemen came around with axes
and tackle. They chopped the door open
and CROPPED their way in with lanterns
Penned in the Cellar.
They found a lot of wagons in the
front Of the stable. then a steep incline
down which one wagon had rolled upon
the horses struggling and squeaIing IN
the cellar. The flooring and partitions
Of the stalls were resting upon them.
The firemen rugged a tackle and haul
ed the horses up the inclined flooring
one by one. They left one animal IN tho
cellar because a great jagged splinter
had penetrated it's chest. A veterinary
surgeon said 1t would probably have 70
be shot
When the Wreckage was cleared away
the tremen found a seventh horst
standing in his place at the end Of what
mad been row Of stalls. They had to
throw a bridge Of planking across the
gap left by the vanished flooring. and
upon this the horse crossed 10 safety.
The rumOr that the whole building
had fallen brought out big crowd, and
the reserves Of the TcndeTlOin police
had 10 keep the sightseers from inter-
ierlng with the rescuers
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
ANNE ARUNDEL CITIZEN
DIES AT DAVIDSONVILLE

ANNAPOLIS, July 23.-Thomas Sell
man lgIehart, one Of the best known
and Oldest citizens Of Anne Arundel
county, died this morning at his nome.
near Davidsonvillc. The deceased was
in his eighty-hfth year
All the members Of the family. incIud-
ing DIT. +. y. Iglehart and DR.. b. r
Davidson. of Baltimore, were at his he'd
side.
Inc children who survive him are DR..
\. +. 3. lslehart and former Street
Cleaning Commissioner Paul Iglehart. q
Baltimore, Thomas Iglcha~J, IT.. Of
Anne Arundel county; Mrs RicharI h
Sellman. of Anne Arundel county. Mrs
Curtis, wife of Rev. Charles ] Curtis
OF washington county, Nd, and Mrs.
editor OF the Annapolis Advertiser. &"
The funeral will take place tomorrow
afternoon.
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
ENGLAND'S QUEEN
VISITS VINE VAULT
Never Seen Before by Roy
alty's Eyes.
WORKMEN RECOGNIZED HER
Much Interested in Various Processes.
Especially Refining and Stir
ring the Liquors.
WORKMEN RECOGNIZED HER

LONDON, July 23.-The Queen has no
more loyal subjects than :he men en-
plOyed at the London docks and Cutter
Street warehouses. Their talk is oil of
her majesty's surprise visit on Thurs
day and of her extreme graciousncss 10
everyone.
II saw a party enter remarked one
Of the wOrkmen yesterday. but / Lid lot
take much notice. I went on with nv
work. Presently a lacy with > very
nice voice stood near me and asked very
swectly what l was doing | WIS going
to reply. when l looked up, and saw il
was the Queen.
Knew Her at Once.
81 had never seen her before. but I
knew her at once. I tried 20 tell her
but l was 50 excited couIi hardly
speak. ! knew she was kind and beau
tiful. but she IS much better than even
had ever expected.
In the Crescent wine vaults where
none Of the workmen expected her
majesty. man. Who coulC Just be dis
tinguished by the flicker cf n small
light. handed each visitor. including the
Queen, the customary STICK with me lit
tie tin lamp at the end.
Gayly laughing. the whole party passed
into the four acres of awdust-hoored
vaults. Casks were on every side. and
from the stone ceilings hung black.
brown and white fungi. sometimes low
enough to touch the head. Proceeding
/ TO caSk of old port which was ready
TO be sampled, her majesty endeavored
| 10 draw on the wine, but the operation
was not altogether successful. so she
! laughlngly returned the instrument TO
the cellarman, who completed the task.
Quicksilver Bottles.
In the ivory department her majesty
asked, What are they fore" pointing
] 10 four iron bottles. Each one contained
/ seventy-five pounds Of quicksilver. All
were empded into a large bowl, and
| then ffty-six pound weight was
( thrown into the liquid Much to the
surprise Of all. the weight foated like
/ a cork
! one corner OF A carpet warehouse was
parutioned off. and the walls and floors
, were covered with hundreds Of Eastern
| carpets and rugs OF all sizes and pat
tterrS. Here her atesty rested and
/ took a cup of tea. while the men con-
/ unued 10 hammer and perform their
usual duties just as II no visitors were
present
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
FIRE IN THE WAYS
DAMAGES BATTLESHIP

QUINCY, Mass. July 23.-The prompt
response TO private fire alarm by the
workThen at tie Fore River Ship Yards
last night. undoubtedly saved the battle
snip New Jersey, now under constrIc-
ton, from damage by fire.
The Waterman at the yard discovered
flames among the timbers directly be-
meath the bow OF the battleship. Prse-
ucally every workman employed by the
company answered the alarm and with
several powerful streams of water sx-
tinguished the flames before serious
damage was done.
The origin OF the fire Is a mystery.
and Will be a matter OF serious investi-
cation.
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
ST. LOUIS SAILS IN
SPITE OF LABOR MEN

NEW YORK, July 23.-The American
line steamship St. Louis, which was
disabled at sea on her last trip from
Southampton to this port, sailed today
for Southampton. She carried no pas
sengers. but carried out "A full cargo
and 1909 bags of mail. She went out
using both engines. and the officials of
the line say that she should arrive on
the other side on July 81. From South
ampton she will go to Belfast, where
her engines will be repaired.
A protest against the steamer sailing
had been entered by labor interests here,
but the authorities. after investigation,
declared there was no valid reason why
the steamer should not be permitted
TO 20.
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
HEAVY STORM ALONG
THE POTOMAC VALLEY
HAGERS TOWN

HAGERSTOWN. July 23.-Reports
have been received here of a terrific
clOudburst along the Potomac River. in
the lower part of this county. last night
Roads were inundated fre and six feet
deep. fencing and wheat shocks washed
away, and considerable damage done.
The storm prevailed on both sides OF
the river. extending nearly 10 Martins
burg.
road were stopped by the tracks being
flooded The Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal overlooked as the result Of the
dOwnpOur. Farmers lost heavily by corn
being damaged
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
NEW YORK MUST WAIT
FOR CHANNEL TO SEA
Course From Narrows to Ocean. 1000 Feet in Width
Cannot Be Finished in Less Than Two Years

NEW YORK. July 23.-It will take at
least two years further work TO rend =
available the new Ambrose channel in
New York harbOT. an undertaking be-
gun four years ago, TO cost 81, 0O0, 900.
This new channel will provide a
straight cut from the Narrows 10 the
open sea, forty feet deep and 1000 feet
wide. OF ~, 000, 900 cubic yards 10 De re-
moved not quite one-third has been
taken out. but the engineers in charge
believe that within two years the chan
mel can be widened to half its stipulated
width and given a depth Of thirty-fve
feet
That this ports shipping has out
grown the capacities Of the Main Ship
and Gedney channels was demonstrated
recently when the Baltic was compelled
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
THREE KILLED RUNNING
OVER A CAR DOOR

GREENSBORO, n. G., July %. A
Southern Railway passenger tram. while
running about thirty miles an hour, near
Franklin, Va. struck a car door, which
was lying on the track across both
rails.
The engine and It's tender were oe-
rallied C.. T. Hall, engine driver; w.
A. Milloway, fireman, and Edward Nc
Clannahan, iiagman, riding on the en-
ginc, were killed. No passengers we're
hurt. The car door had been dropped
from freight train.
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
BANK PRESIDENT FOUND
DEAD IN HIS BATHTUB

SUNBGRY, Pa. July 23.-SamueI =.
Packer, president Of the First National
Bank, one Of the prominent business
men Of NOrthumberland county. was
found dead in a bathtub at his home
today
1t is thought he was stricken with
heart disease.
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
ACCUSED OF BLACKMAIL,
HE RETURNS COMPLIMENT

STANFORD, Conn. July 23.-J. f.
Collins. of Philadelphia. who is accused
of blackmail in a warrant sent here
from Pottsville, Pa, the charge grow
ing out Of affairs of the brokerage firm
of Harris x Co., Philadelphia, will fight
eXtradition on the ground that It is an
attempt at blackmaii
His counsel. II. 5. Cummings, has ar
ranged for a hearing before Governor
Chamberlain.
The Washington times., 1904-07-24
Volunteer Life-SGverS
Suspected as GrafterS
Private Detectives in Gotham Investigating
Corps" With Headquarters in Raines Law
HOteI-NO One Knows Who Are Savers.

NEW YORK, July 23.-Private Ietec-
tives are investigating the character
and makeup of an organization that
calls itself the Volunteer Life-Saving
Corps" believed to be fraud for OK
torting money from the charitably in
clined.
The men behind the scheme are
thought TO be using the name of the
United States Volunteer Life-Savins
Corps. a legitimate institution, partially
supported by the city, as a cloak for
their misdeeds. The same men are
thought TO have been operating about a
year ago. but stopped when Central Of
fee men began looking into the matter.
Business men and firms whose names
are printed sometimes as donors 10
various charities and philanthropies
have received recently applications from
a Volunteer Life-Saving Corps for
money. Headquarters was said 10 be at
SO MacdougaI Street, and contributions
were to be sent TO J. c. Metz as treas
urer.
In Raines Law Hotel.
1t was found upon inquiry that 90
Macdougal Street is at the corner of
Blocker and Macdougal Streets. The
building is occupied as a Raines law
hotel with a frowsy back room where
men and women of the neighborhood sit
and drink. There are furnished rooms
10 let upstairs. a place so evidently OPP
posed TO water in any form seemed an
unlikely office for those who would save
others from drowning.
The bartender was interrOgated He
couldn't be sure, at first. whether or not
he knew any life-saving corps. Then he
dimly remembered two or tree young
fellys that hang out here. who might
The Washington times., 1904-07-24

know something about it, and finally
said they had gone out, but would
return in an hour.
A second visit was without results.
On the third journey the bartender dis
covered a young fellow who looked as
If he made a practice of sleeping in his
clothes. Yes he knew the lhe-SaVerS.
but was hazy about their names ana
the details OF operation They were
a about the docks good deal. President
Roosevelt, he said. was interested, and
ma ybe he might know. He, the speak
er, had no connection with the life
saverS-wasn't even on speaking terms
with them.
On the Lookout.
The United States Volunteer Life
Saving Corps has offices at GO Park
Row. It's accounts are duly audited and
a report made to the State annually.
1t is supported by volunteer cOntribu-
tons and $500 a year given by the
city J. Wesley Jones is the president.
From his last report this paragraph is
taken:
I'VE only refuse our list cf the names
OF our subscribers (Which are cOLfiden-
tiaD to scheming and Matchmaking
frauds who seek TO impose upon our
friends their dishonest and Matchmaking
schemes Of pretended protection from
frauds while they are aiding their Old
( pals in the grating business
Mr. Jones was told Of the Macdougal
Street 'COTgS
Il have heard of those people before. "
he said. About "A year ago / mad man
arrested who was soliciting money in
the name Of our corps and forging my
name on the back OF such checks as he
managed to get. When ! went to the
central office 70 report the matter they
told me that some young fellows down
/ in NacdOuEal Street had been playing
! the same game. but had been stopped.
shall at once take measures TO find out
/ who is behind the present scheme, and
: If IL is a fraud, stop il.
The Washington times., 1904-07-24

TO leave behind 400 tons Of cargo, which
could not be carried because Of shanoe,
water
An interesting feature OF the reports
made on the work by army officers IS
the assertion that draUght increases IN
der steam; that a vessel drawing, say.
thirty feet at pier, requires greater
depth while leaving the harbOr Com
plants have been made that bottom was
touched In what We're supposed TO be
th!rty-fiVc foot channels, but inVesUiga-
ton, IL Is said, proved that the INNER
sion OF the hun increased TO a certain
extent. with the speed. especially in
shallow water
The new forty-foot channel will OBJ
viate this difficulty. Experiments show
that In the case Of large vessels, steam
ing in shOal water. a much as IS feet
extra depth in the channel is required.