davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
BATTLE STANDARDS.
So Ancient That Their Use Is Men
toned In the Bible.

So Ancient That Their Use Is Men,
toned In the Bible.
The custom of carrying flags or stand
ards in battle dates back at least to
1490 B. G. We find in Numbers ii, 2,
that "every man of the children Of
Israel shall pitch by his own standard
with the ensign of his fathers house"
Each standard of the twelve tribes thus
distinguished was supposed to have
been of color to correspond with the
stone in Aaron's breastplate which
bore the name of that tribe. Under the
generic name banner are included many
species, such as standard, ensign, pen
non, flag, etc. These have been used
from earliest times and in all countries
to direct movements of troops
The earliest Roman standard was
q bundle of straw fixed to the top Of
a spear. This was succeeded by fig
ures of animals, such as the horse and
the boar, which soon gave place to the
eagle, the chief Roman ensign, after
ward assumed by the German and
French emperors. By every warlike
people the banner has been regarded
as an emblem of national honor, in de-
fense of which each soldier was at all
times ready to die, while banners and
flags taken from the enemy have al
ways been special trophies of victory
to which places Of honor in public
buildings have been assigned.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
BOOTS AND SPURS.
Quaint Account of Hungarian Ca
airy In OIden Days.

quaint Account OF Hungarian Cav
airy In OIden Days.
A contemporary manuscript account
Of the diet of Ratisbon, held in 1880 by
the Emperor Ferdinand II. on the oc-
casion of the landing of Gustavus
Adolphus of Sweden in Germany, men
tions as a remarkable fact that the
Hungarian cavalry who rode through
the streets to the ceremonial wore their
spurs on their boot soles.
1t is difficult to credit that these
spurs were fixed on the fat of the boot,
for thus shod the horsemen could nei-
ther walk nor stand, especially when
the large size of the spurs worn at the
period is considered. Probably the
writer intended to indicate that in
stead of being fastened to the heel in
the usual fashion they were made to
project from the fore part of the mill
tary boot, which is a portion of the
sole
Frederick Won Raumer, who quotes
this in his History Of the Sixteenth
and Seventeenth Centuries, Illustrated
by Original Documents" passes the
matter over without comment. The
same manuscript adds that the Hunga-
rian horses had their names, tails and
feet painted red.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
THIS WILL INTEREST YOU.

The Ledger has made rates with sew
eral publications whereby subscribers
may get the benefit of good papers and
magazines at very cheap rate. The
price of the Ledger is 81. so year, but
our arrangements are such that we are
able to present clubbing rates as below,
and no lover of good reading should fail
to-take advantage of our offer. These
rates are payable in advance and we
vite old subscribers as we'll as new ones
to interest themselves on this subject.
We have not forgotten the ladies, as
you can see by referring to the list our
offer on the Cosmopolitan Magazine,
also McCall's Magazine, which you
receive without any additional cost
whatever. and you have the selection
of any pattern you wish, which will be
sent to your address free of charge.
Take advantage of our Offer and keep
posted on the news of the day:
Ledger and Daily Call, one year 8 9 90
Ledger and Weekly Call one year 3 20
Ledger and Daily Chronicle, one
year .......................... 9 90
Ledger and Weekly Chronicle,
one year .................... go
Ledger and New York Tribune
Farmer Observation-Disclosures. 2 so
Ledger and New Y York Tri- Week
ly Tribune e................ 3 90
Ledger and Weekly Chicago In
ter-Ocean ...........-..... ? 50
Ledger and Cosmopolitan Maga-
zine, one year. ar................ 2 10
Ledger and McCall's Magazine,
year. including free pattern. ... 2 so
The above rates are strictly in ad-
vance.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
why windmiIIs Burned Dow,

Of the production of fire by the frtc-
ton of wood against wood wipdmills
of the old construction gave on a large
scale some disastrous examples. When
the force of the wind increased the
miller was obliged to bring each of the
sails in succession to the ground in or
der to unclothe it, but when sudden
squalls came on this was impractical
BILE, and the mill in extreme cases ran
away-that is, could not be stopped.
Everything was now done to increase
the grip Of the wooden brake round the
great wheel on the driving shaft, and
water was poured copiously over them,
but in spite of all this flames would
sometimes burst out from the intense
friction and the mill be probably
burned down as the result. The beau
tiful machinery Of the modern wind
mill, by which the miller controls the
action of the sails from the interior Of
the building, has reduced this danger to
a minimum.-Notes and Queries.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
THE SNIPE'S DRUMMING.
A Naturalist's Theory as to How the
Sound Is Produced.


Sound Is Produced.
1t is disputed whether the snipes
drumming-a curious noise, suggestive
of a miniature thrashing machine-is
made by the bird with its wings or by
its tail or by both wings and TAIL
Some recent observations incline me
strongly to believe that the tail plays,
at any rate, the more important part
During the performance the bird flies
at a great height round and round in
a wide, sweeping circle. At intervals
he makes sudden and rapid descent,
holding his wings partly f1exed and his
tail spread to its full extent. The out
ermost tail feather on either side points
outward at a greater angle than those
adjoining it, so that when the bird Is
watched through a good field glass day
light shows between it and the next,
drumming sound is due to the rush of
air against this isolated feather. The
snipe's tail feathers seem so puny that
it is at first difficult to believe that
they can produce so great result. But
If an outer one be taken-it is slightly
scimiter shaped, with the outer web
much reduced - and swung rapidly
through the air the drumming noise
may be distinctly heard, though it
seems but q very faint echo of the
loud, throbbing hum that startles one
when it suddenly descends from an
ethereal height, and the small bird is
deserted, hardly more than a speck to
the naked eye, circling round in wild
career and now and then swooping
headlong downward and thrilling the
air with his weird music.-London Ma
furp
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
Ancient Drinking Guilds,

1t is gravely said by an authority
that the Dutch guilds, the most ancient
Of workingmen's organizations, had
their origin in the drinking guilds,
which, although they did not, as in the
case of the Greeks and Romans, exalt
drink to the rank Of deity, made it a
kind of civic dignitary. These drink
guilds and drink brethren existed from
the earliest times until the latter part
of the sixteenth century, when their
excesses led to their suppression. 1t is
held that men who worked together
drank together and thus formed the
primitive club which developed into the
guild.-Notes and Queries
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
MemOrX.

There are 100 different varieties of
memory, and perhaps we cannot alto
gether choose which we will possess,
though every sort, when we have the
germs Of it, may be cultivated. To
learn anything by heart the best plan
Is to read a sentence and repeat it
without a book, then read the next
sentence and repeat the two, and so
on. Repetition is of great Importance,
Zine upon line" More is learned and
remembered by reading through one
book twice than by reading two books
once. After thing has been learned
it must be recalled and gone over at
intervals, or the impression will fade
away.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
EC0nOnlY.

Economy" said Wyoming man.
sis always admirable. A Cheyenne
halter, though, was disgusted the other
day with the economical spirit of Il
visitor to his shop.
This visitor, tall man with gray
hair, entered with soft felt hat,
wrapped in paper, in his hand
"'How much will it cost he said.
TO dye this hat gray. to match my
hair?
"'About a dollar the halter answer
ed
"The tall man wrapped the hat up
again.
"T won't pay it he said. 4 can get
my hair dyed to match the hat for a
quarter"
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
THE LITERARY DETECTIVE.
His Hunt Is One That Adds Spice to
His Reading.

His Hunt Is One That Adds Spice to
His Reading.
There is a certain type of literary
man who seems content to take little
part in the struggle of letters beyond
keeping an eye on his contemporaries
and then to accuse them Of having
given a meaning to such and such a
word which that word should not pos
sess. 1t is strange that the number Of
these literary detectives is not larger,
for there are few more fascinating oc-
cupations than this. 1t lends a spice
to ones reading. The dullest book be-
comes as readable as the most deftly
written novel. Certain words have tax
en- to themselves meanings in the
course of time which they have no
right to possess. phenomenon" is
very hardened offender. To use this
word as meaning something strange"
instead of something "that appears
and is visible' is to insure arrest at the
hands of the detective. Lately the
word temper" has been exposed.
Through long impunity 1t has come to
imply bad temper, whereas, if it had
its rights, it should mean just the re-
verse. We strongly advise every one
who desires never failing source of
amusement to read the next novel he
takes up with the eye of the detective.
Starting with the easier words, like
phenomenon" the novice may go on
from strength to strength until before
long nothing can escape him. The ex
ercise, moreover, is not only pleasure,
but a duty.-London Globe.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
Modest Abhe DcIiIe

1t is said that the French Able Delile
once had in his household very quick
tempered relative, with whom he some
times had animated disputes and who
sometimes went so far as to throw
books at the able. The abbe must
have been a person of great amiabiI-
tty and self control. Once, when O
particularly large and heavy volume
was thrown at him, he caught it grace
fully and said:
MY dear friend, must beg Of you
to remember that 1 prefer smaller
gifts"
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
Spats.

Where did spats come from? High
land soldiers wore them first Because
of the bravery of highlanders at Luck
now and elsewhere in India during the
Indian mutiny the people of England
looked about for some way to show
their admiration. Scrutiny of the high
land dress disclosed that spats were
the most suitable for adoption, so they
were adopted and have been commonly
worn ever since.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
rseIeRs I.ahOr

Don't be afraid of making me angry
by telling me your candid opinion of
my verses, old fellow. Criticism doesn't
make any difference with me-
81 know that, my dear boy, but the
trouble Is that it doesn't make any
difference with your verses ether
New Orleans Times Democrat.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
Hose of OIden Time.

In the very long ago hose were not
stockings as now worn, but made long
and were often drawn up even to the
waist, and, oddly enough, had pockets
in their sides. We read, moreover, that
In the time of the Tudors and Stuarts
they were of great variety, both of
material and color, and for such as
could command the luxury were rich
" trimmed and costly; they were often
called neither stocks"
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
A Villain.

Lady of the House Ito her friendl-
What do you suppose has happened
At the last ball my Elsa made the ac-
Quaintance of a young man who was
obviously interested. He was a good
match, so l sent him frequent invita-
tions to dinner. and as | knew he was
a great gormand l employed the best
cook that was to be had. Her Friend
And your plan succeeded? Lady OF
the House-Well, not exactly. The vii
lain found out and married my cook.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
Those Sweet Girls.

Drusilla-I did not see you at the
Yanblunt reception last night, dear
Dorothy-No. hoped to be able to go
up to the last moment, but was pre-
vented. Drusilla (sweetly)-Yes; know
the invitations we're limited.-St. Louis
Republic.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
Making n Sure Thing of II

'tWhat in the name of Jupiter have
you sewed up all the pockets of my
overcoat for?" asked Mr.. Wilson.
"My dear" said Mrs Wilson, Il have
an important letter to my milliner that
wont you to post"
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26

SAFE DEPOSIT.-Safe deposit boxes can be
rented from the Bank Of Amador County at the
small expense of IS cents month thereby Sc
curing you against any possible loss from fire
or otherwise. Don't overlook this opportunity
of protecting your valuables.
SAVE MONEY-Patronize home institu-
tion. Send money away through the Bank of
AmadOr County; you will save 10 per cent and
upward over pos toftice or express. Money sent
to all parts of the United States and also all
parts of the world. We have the latest quota
tions on foreign exchange.
SAVE MONEY-It doesn't cost ANYTHING to
deposit money in the Bank of AmadOr County
They receive deposits from IS up Commence
the new year by opening up bank account. A
man or woman with a bank account has a
financial standing. Don't bury your money {;
when you die 1t can't be found and you are liza
bic to be robbed while alive.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
SPOILED His Change.

Eyes, she rejected him because of a
bad break he made when he was pro-
posing to her."
"What was that?'
"He told her she was 'one in thou.
sand She thinks she's one of the
-Four Hundred. d."-Philadelphia Ledge:
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26

About the only compliment a hus-
band pays his wife is to eat her cook.
ing, and ask her for help when he gets
into trouble.-Atchison Globe.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
singular and Plural.

Funny There was time when the
BARRIERS used to speak of my hair"
"You mean before you began to get
bald?"
"Yes. Now they speak of my hairs
Philadelphia Press.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
What n Question:!

Mistress the fisherman who
stopped here this morning have frogs
legs? Nora-Sure, mum, dinnaw. He
wore pants.-Cornell Widow.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26

An orator or author is never SUCCESS
full till he has learned to make his
words smaller than his ideas.-Emer.
SON.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26

We all spend too much time in com
planning that we lack time to do
things.-Atchison Globe.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
A. H. KUHLMAN
Contractor and Builder

Will do work in any part of
Amador County. If you want
to build, send note to Jackson
POstoffice and will call on you.
Estimates furnished without cost
on any kind of building. Will
make plans and specifications for
you. mar2tf
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
College of Notre Dame
MARYsVILLE, CALIFORNIA.

Boarding and Day School conducted by the Sis
ters of Notre Dame (Namur). Founded in 1856
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26

a solid English education. Preparatory and
advanced courses in art, language and music.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
BANK OF AMADOR COUNTY
BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

Alfonso Ginocchio, S. G. Spagnoli, John Strohm
Frederick Eudey and Alex Eudey of jackson.
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
A Change of Dates.

Mrs. Dearborn.-Were you married in
June?
Mrs. Wabash-Yes, once on the 5th,
once on the 8th, once on the 10th and
another time on the 10Th; but I've
switched off to October; that's my mar
rying month now.-Yonkers Statesman
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26
SISTER SUPERIOR.

For further Information address
Amador ledger., 1904-08-26

spl0-tt
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-08-02

weather u4rL>nap a445 }t @.7. rt,
=TrH q oiE bt- ro1.. 1He aroHnd Wis
rha ,Io0r, The clouds mad. The cejIiue
4'4l H. tatt"rs aere l8rWrd Vt ram.
bows. haF hr saw Ia Rain a0d TIN
Hail. tL,' tee aH@ @=}h- SNOW. tll. Lieht-
rirs and inc Sunshine all Worktu2 10.
rginnr in the factory, and he heard the
fus,iHs ot Tho Wind aud Tho heavy
strokes 0f Tho Thunder a. they ulru-
ed The vast machinery. He saw Httlv
Sunheams carrying warmth into the
factory, ana The clouds brineine in
great barrels of rain FOR distribution.
Then The ola Graybeard took the
Naughty Little Boy into the storage
room and showed him the wonderful
things that had been made in the
Weather Factory. There were great
stacks OF golden grain, all manner of
beautiful fruits, with rich. red cheeks;
purple grapes and pums. all sorts
OF nuts and everything that grows,
whether in the tropics or in the other
zones
'Who are they for?" asked tie
Naughty Little Boy, hoping that they
would invite him to ca: some o. the
luscious fruit.
''They are for the Good Children
who do not lie on ihr floor and kick
up their heels and scream, answered
the old Graybeard
"Oh, sir, I'll never do so again,
said the Naughty Little Boy II shall
love the Rain and Snow and Sunshine
and everything that is weather, al.
ways"
We'll, | hope you will, said the Old
Gray ybeard. Nov. come, I'll take you
! home again.
Ard at that very minute the
Naughty Little BOYS mamma kissed
| his soft chee.1 and he aWOkp. "COfc. -
she said, the rain is all over. and you
may go out and see how lovely the
garden looks.
And from that day they changed
the Naughty Little Boys name. calling
him the Good Little Boy, for he never
again lay on the floor and kicked up
his heels about the changes in the
weather.-C. H. Phifer.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-08-02
NO COTTON TREES IN TEX As
Secretary Of State Says the Frosts Of
That State Will Prevent Culture

Fort Worth, Texas. Aug. 1.--Judg-
ing from the reports made by the
United States department Of agricul-
ture cotton tree culture in Texas or
any other section of the United States
will not prove to be satisfactory. The
secretary says it is exceedingly doubt
full if the cotton tree can ever be sue
cessfuly utilized to any great extent
in the United States territory. Tue
difficulty, he says, is not so much with
picking as with the hardness OF the
plant. Continuing his report the sec
retary says:
"All cottons are very tender, AMI
are killed by frosts Thre is no place
in the cotton region OF the United
States where a perennial plant will
live throughout the winter, unless it
be a small area near BROWNSVILLE,
Tex, in the extreme southeastern
part of the state. Ordinary cottons in
that region sometimes live through
ont the winter, and are allowed to
,prout up from the base and produce
a second crop. In some winters, how
ever they will kill down even in that
locality. We have grown tree cottons
from Cuba and Peru and various
other tropical countries, in Georgia
and South Carolina, but in no case
have we ever been able 10 secure
oven flowers before they were
frozen down
.Jf the plants could not be brought
TO full fruiting within the season from
| ADri / to November 80, they "ouio
not succeed in this country, unless
tbev are resistant to cold in suffl
ciert degree to stand our winters, ahc
no cotton known to us has TINS colo
resistance. We have planted a re"
eooa of the cotton tree in two dlHer
ont places in Texas. We hardly expec'
too achieve any success with the"
owing to the long period necessary 1o'
than, to reach maturity. 1t the smai
exneriments made this year give eVl
dence that the cotton will be OF valus
,,.e will certainly try to secure large
o,antitv of the seed in order TO MAKE
extensive trials next season.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-08-02
Value of Coat Of Reindeer.

A close examination of the hair OF
the reindeer shows that the hair does
not have q hollow inside space for Its
whole length, but is divided or partl-
toned off into exceedingly numerous
cells like water-tight compartme ments.
These are filled with condensed air
and their walls are SO elastic and at
the same time of such strong resist.
ance that they are not broken up
either during the process of manufac-
ture or by swelling when wet. The
cells expand in water, and thus 1t
happens that a man clad completely
in garments made OF reindeer WOOL
does not sink when in water, because
he is buoyed up by means OF the all
contained in the hundreds OF thou
sands of hair cells.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-08-02
A WAY OPEN.
Many Pine Bluff Reader Knows
1t Well.

There is way open t., convince the
greatest skeptic. Scores Of Pine
Bluff people have made it possible.
The public statement Of their expert
ence is proof the like of which has
never been produced before in Pine
Bluff. Read this case OF it given by
a citizen:
G. n. Garfield, loccsnOtive engineer,
on the Cotton Belt route running be-
tween Pine Bluff and Texarkana.
residence 1902 West Sixth avenue,
says cam pleased that an opportun-
ty has been given me to add my en-
tlorsement touching the melits OF
Doan's Kidney Pills. Not only did l
suffer for years with dull pain in my
back. but annoyance from the kidney
secretions accompanied the fcrmer. II
the jolting and jarring Of the engine
was not the primary cause of my trou-
BILE it certainly aggravated it when
deep-seated. I spent good deal OF
money and used lot of medicine with
out getting any permanent results
when | saw Doan's Kidney Pills ad-
vertised in st. Louis paper and re-
commended by people living in that
city who had been cured Of symptoms
similar to mine. | sent for box by
mail. 1t worked wonders and con
tinuation of the treatment stopped
the attack. will not have the
slightest hesitation to advise anyone
annoyed with either inactive or ever
excited kidneys to go to Mann-Tank
resley Drug Store for Doan's Kidney
Pills, and take course of the treat
ment."
For sale by all dealers. Price SOC
Foster Milburn Co., Buffalo, N. Y.
sole agents for the United State
Remember the name-Doan's-an
take no other.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-08-02
100000 ITALIANS COMING
TO DIXIE COTTON FIELDS.

Meridian. Miss, Aug. 2.-Labor
planter sare now in New York, Chica
go, ST. Louis and other large cities
endeavoring to secure plenty of labor
for the great cotton crop nov il
light, the gathering of which will be-
gin in August. The department of Ia
Dor at Washington has just informed
number OF southern congressman
that over 100000 Italian immigrants
are now headed for America. and that
fully 40, 600 of these will land at south
ern ports. This promises relief for
the labor famine which has prevailed
this year Public labor has been at
a greater premium than ever before
in history. Besides securing the
Italian immigrants and laborers from
the great cities, several thousand OF
Polish ana Hungarian miners are to
be brought from Colorado, where
strike conditions have harassed them,
Planters are determined to gather
the crop as early as possible, for the
opinion is prevalent. that the BEST cot
ton prices will be obtained at the be
ginning of the season.
Labor agents who have returned
from the southern part OF MiSsisslp-
pi report very little success in obtain
ing labor in the sawmill districts.
where the manufacturers have been
! compelled to shut down on account
of the low price Of lumber. The
large majority OF the laborers thrown
out of employment by the closing OF
the mills anticipate an early resump'
| ton of work. The railroads nave SUI
fered heavily on account of the clos,
! ing the lumber mills. Fully Is per
cent of the small mills closed 30 days
ago and the larger ones are following
since they are unable to renew con
tracts at the existing prices for lum