The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1904-12-08
PRESIDENTS MESSACE

The enlargement Of scope Of the
functions of the national government
required by our development as a ma
lion involves. Of course. increase OF eX-
pense. and the period of prosperity
through which the country Is passing
justifes expenditures for permanent
improvements far greater than would
be wise in hard times. but abundant
revenues and a large surplus always
invite extravaganza, and constant care
should be taken to guard against I'M
necessary increase Of the ordinary ex-
penses of government.
Capital and Labor.
The relations of capital and labor,
and especially OF organized capital and
organized labor TO each other ana to
the public at large come second in i'm.
portance only to tile intimate questions
Of family life. Our peculiar form OF
government with its sharp division of
authority between the nation and the
several states. has been on the whole
far more advantageous TO our develop
ment than more strongly centralized
government But IL is undoubtedly re-
sponsible for much OF the difficulty Of
meeting with adequate legislation the
new problems presented by the total
change I'm industrial conditions on this
continent during the last half century.
In actual practice it has proved eX-
ceedingly difficult. and in many cases
impossible. TO get unanimity OF wise
action among the various states on
these subjects. From the very nature
Of the case this is especially true OF
the laws affecting the employment Oh
capital i'm huge masses.
With regard to labor, the problem Is
no less important. but 1t is simpler. AS
long as the states retain the primary
control Of the police power the circum-
stances must be altogether extreme
which require interference by the fed
eral authorities, whether in the way OF
safeguarding the rights Of labor or IN
the way of seeing that wrong is not
done by unruly persons who shield
themselves behind the name of labor.
II there is resistance to the federal
courts. interference with the mails or
interstate commerce or molestation OF
federal property, or If the state authori-
ties in some crisis which they are I'M
able 10 face call for help, then the fed
eral government may interfere; but
though such interference may he caus'
ed by a condition of things arising out
If trouble connected with some ques-
ton of labor. the interference itself
simply takes the form Of restoring or
der without regard to the questions
which have caused the breach Of or
der In the District Of Columbia ana
in the territories the federal law Gov
ers the entire field Of government. But
the labor question Is only acute IN
populous centers Of commerce manu-
factures or mining. Nevertheless ooth
in the enactment and in the enforce
ment of law the federal government
within it's restricted sphere should set
an example to the state governments
especially in a matter so vital as TINS
affecting labor
Labor Unions.
believe that under modern iuuus-
trial conditions it is often necessary ana
even where not necessary it is yet OF
ten wise that there should be organiza-
tion Of labor in order better to secure
the rights Of the individual wagework-
or All announcement should be given
to any such organization so long as IL
il conducted with due and decent re-
gard for the rights Of Others. Ihere
are In this country some labor unions
which have habitually and other laoor
unions which have often been among
the most effective agents in working
for good citizenship and for uplitting
the condition of those whose welfare
should be closest to our hearts. But
when any labor union seeks improper
ends or seeks to achieve proper ENDS
by improper means all good citizens,
and more especially all honorable pub
lie servants, must oppose the wrongdo-
ing as resolutely as they would oppose
the wrongdOing Of any great corpora
ton. Violence. brutality or corruption
should not for one moment be tolerat-
ed
Entire Right TO Organize.
WagewOrkers have an entire right
to organize and by all peaceful and
honorable means to endeavor to per
suade their fellows to join with them
in organiza lions. They have a legal
right. which. according to circum-
stances. may or may not be moral
right. to refuse to work in company
with men who decline to join their or
CARNATIONS. They have under no cir
cumstances the right to commit VIC
lence upon those, whether capitalists
or wageworkers, who refuse TO support
their organizations or who side with
those with whom they are at odds, for
mob rule is intolerable In any form.
The wageworkers are peculiarly enti-
tied 10 the protection and the encour-
agement of the law. Wherever the ma
tional government has power there
should be a stringent employers liabil-
ity law, which should apply to the gov
eminent itself where the government
is an employer of labor.
Prevention of Railroad Accidents.
The ever increasing casualty list up
on our railroads is a matter of grave
public concern and urgently calls for
action by the congress. The passage of
a law requiring the adoption of a block
signal system has been proposed to the
congress. l earnestly concur In that
recommendation and would also point
ont m tho congress the urgent need OF