davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1904-03-01
CULTIVATION OF COTTON.

It pays to thoroughly break and prepare the
land for cotton, as this enables the soil to hold
water better and carry the plant through dry sea-
sons. Cotton is generally grown on ridges. This
is necessary on wet soils, but on fairly we'll drain
ed upland and sandy soils experiments have
shown that level and frequent shallow cultivation
is the best and most economical method to follow
in growing cotton. Ridge culture may be and
sometimes does give better results in very wet
years, but taking the seasons as they come, the
advantage Is usually with fat culture. If the
land be thoroughly prepared in advance and the
cotton planted on a very slight ridge so that
1T Is almost on a level, its after-cultivation is
easier and cheaper than when ON a high ridge.
Some of the many one-horse cultivators which
cover an entire row at two burrows at least may
be used. Where long rows are to be had and care
will be taken to make them straight two-horse
cultiyators may be used p~roftably with great saw
ing of time. Of course where implements cover
ing large area at one furrow are used, the land
must have previously been well prepared, for the
draft on the teams will be heavy. The %cultiva-
ton should be frequent. An effort should be
made to run just after rains so as to break the
crust formed by showers, thus leaving a dust
mulch to retard the loss of moisture added to the
soil in the previous rains. As long as the crust
remains unbroken evaporation of water from the
soil is very rapid, but when this is broken the
fine soil left behind acts as a covering of leaves
or straw to prevent moisture from Getting out of
the soil. With these implements for cultivation a
large area can be covered, serving the double pur-
pose of saving water for the growth of the crop
and cultivating the land. The cultivation at the
beginning should be moderately deep with the
small hoes of the cultivator, but toward the end
of the growing season the cultivator should only
be run one to one and one-half inches deep, so
as to disturb as little as possible the roots of
the plants, which, at that time, are well distrib-
uted in the rows.
In our judgment it pays to continue the cult
walton of cotton rather late in the season and
until it is sufficiently large to shade the ground
reasonably well. The shading prevents the evapo-
ration of water which is extremely important in
average and dry seasons and every effort possible
should be made to save all the water possible for
use in carrying plant food to the plant.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1904-03-01
CAPT. W. I. EVERETT ON COTTON GROWING.
One of the Largest Planters In the State Describes
His Methods.

Editors Progressive Farmer:
In compliance with your request by way of let
ter I submit the following:
We, Grassland & Everett, in the year 1879, pur-
chased lands adjacent to Pee Dee River, ten miles
southwest of this place, and the same distance of
the said river from Cheraw, S.. G. Lands are
light, sandy, with clay subsoil from six to ten
inches below surface. Naturally poor, none being
river bottom lands.
Largely our system of farming is on the "crop-
per plan" that is, the choppers furnish labor and
pay for one-half the fertilizer, and we furnish all
else to make crops of all kinds, the cropper get
ting one-half the product, and we as landlords,
the remaining half. The cro~-er works under the
supervision of the landlord as though he was
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1904-03-01
Soils, Crops and Fertilizers
CONDUCTED BY B. w. KILGoRE,

State Chemist North Caro'in Ina Department OF Agriculture
and Di ector Agricultural Elk pertinent Staff N.
Inq tries of Progressive Farmer readers cheerfully an
Rwered-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
NEW CROP MONTHS SHOW \ DECLINE Room Bull Caused Advance at
 the Opening. MARKET VERY lRREGUL AR Interior Movement Is sensatlonaIly Light, Reaching Less Than a
 Thousand Bales for
 the Day.
MARKET VERY IRREGUL AR

New York, May 1.-The cotton market opened steady at an advance of 7m1s points on covering and buying by room bulls in response to firmer cables than expected. and reports of a more active spot business in Liverpool. Early weather accounts were generally favorable. how ever, and immediately after the opening the new crop positions showed rather a declining tendency. but later were rallied hy the continued frmness of the old crop months, and rephls of a storm over sec tions of Texas. which was said to be suf- f1ciently severe to interrupt the tele- graphic service with Galveston and Hous- ton.
 During the entire session the market While showing more or less irregularity was generally firm, led by the near posi- tons, which were governed by the outlook for better spot demand in connection with the sensationally light interior move. mont which reached less than a thou sand bales for the day. Local shorts were evidently uneasy in view of the dl- minishing stocks, further exports and talk that English srinners would go on full time after whitsuntide, and in the after noon May sold Up to l3.70 on stop orders while June hung around 13. .50 and the ret gain on the general list was a mat ter of 96l24 points and the latter positions being relatively heavy under the gener- ally favorable crop weather, which un- doubtedly restricted commission houses buying to some extent
 The market closed at within to points of the best Of the day, quiet in tone at net of advance 6019 points Sales esti- mated at 250, GOO bales. Port receipts for the day were less than half of last years. and exports were more than double them.
 Estimated receipts at the ports today 40o0 bales, against S5S6 lasr week and 1O,- 52S last year. For the week. 3S,000 bales against fl ,3O3 last week and 67. 293 last year.
 Today's receipts at New Orleans were 229S bales against 4126 last year, and at Houston, no receipts, against S65O last year.
 New York, May 4-Cotton quiet; mid Cling. 13. 70. gross receipts 170S sales, 2135 stock, SS766; exports to Great Britain, 44S7 to the continent. 965.
 Total today. net receipts, 3936; exports to Great Britain, 25,7S0; continent. 2O71 stock 3i9,S71
 Consolidated ret receipts 2714s; Great Britain (exports), 25, 7So; continent. 15,051
 Total since September 1: Net receipts 6.9O2, ,s63; exports to Great Britain. 2,275, ,351 ; France, 67o2S5; continent. 2,4i4O7S; Japan f,51; Mexico, 2F,571.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
cothran & Co.'S Cotton Letter.

New Orleans May 4.--Liverpool took the initiative today in strong downward prices for cotton, and made a fairly suc- cessful effort towards establishing a ten dency in the upward direction. Cables stated that a more cheerful feeling pre- vailed on account of improved business in Manchester, and the prediction was ex- pressed that takings by spinners would soon increase.
 In addition to the good foreign news prices here were stimulated by reports of damaging rains in central and southern Texas which reports were confirmed by the detailed record of the government, showing rains at many points amounting to cloudbursts. Speculation, however, was restricted, .-Iere being an apparent dis position amongst friends of the staple to abstain from active operations until better business is practicable inethe spot department, or domestic stocks are re- duced to quantity that will cease to be a burden. while those of the bear persua- sion were intImidated by prospects of the new crop. At any rate 1t is evident that the market only requires substantial in- auiry for the actual cotton to establish decided improv ement in prices
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
New York Cotton Futures.
New orIeanr Cotton Market.

New Orleans, May 4-Spot cotton quiet but firmer Sales 1700 bales, including 650 to arrive f. O. b. and 200 delivered on contracts. Quotations advanced 1-16. In the furture market the feature of the day came with the close when one of the most thrilling set-tos ever seen at the lo- cal ring between bulls and bears took place. The bears had lined up at the ring some time before the close. and by steady offering had hammered July from 14.10 down to 1896. A few minutes before the close, the two leading bulls commenced bidding 1896 for July. The bears immed- lately commenced offering huge blocks at 1897 Suddenly the bulls commenced bid ding 1897 for July, and the bears began firing lots of a thousand bales at time at them. The situation was tense and the ring in an incredibly short time was crowded twenty deep with brokers. Suddenly. one of the leading bulls yell ed across the ring to another, "buy all they've got, and I'll take half" In moment the leader was on top of a stool frantically gesticulating as he accepted the cotton that was being hurled at him by the bears For moment the big bulls and bears glared at each other, while the smaller operators apparently forgot all about trading. The leading bull yelled A bid of 1897 for 10000 bales of July across the ring and then followed it up by an- other bid for 50,000 bales. The bears auail- GU. In a short while the bulls renewed their bidding at the same figure that the bears had been offering large quantities of cotton at. but when the closing gong sounded, there was TO cotton for sale at the ring; the bears had been squech- ed At the close of the market the tone was called steady. July was points high CT than the close of yesterday at 1897: October was points lower at l.10 and December points lower at 1o.96.
 New Orleans, May 4-Cotton firm. sales 1700 Ordinary. 11as; good ordinary. 12 11-16 low middling. B 5-16: midding. 13 11-16 good middllng 14c; middling fair. 14as; receipts 229s; stock 17S047
 New Orleans. May 4.--Cotton futures steady. May 13.6OM13.G2; June 13 77013 7s: July 1S9zm139s: August 13.02d1304; Sep tember 11.59G1l6O; October II 100111 II i; November HOO; December 10.9601o.o7.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
caldwell 6 Ward,s eraIn Letter.

By Bartlett, Frazier X Darlington.
 Chicago, May 4.-Wheat was nervous. After an opening reaetionary break or the magnificent spring weather every where and bearlsh milling news the mar ket became strong on cash advices. Country millers were good buyers of cash wheat at Minneapolis and sales were placed as high as 90,00O bushels. Duluth reported a small lot sold all rail to east ern millers. St. Louis sold 45,O0O No. and locally vessel room was engaged for 1l5.OO0 bushels No. 1 northern and 45,0Oo No red sold at S1.02. Receipts were light at all primary points and A0,000 bushels under the shipments. The pri- vate advices from the southwest all note improved prospects of the crop. Winni- neg says weather is fine and seeding in Manitoba being rushed. The small stocks of wheat keep trade in July very ner- vous and sensitive to even limited amount of cash business. Shorts are eas- ilv scared Liverpool closed fractionaly higher. estimated tomorrow twenty cars.
 corn-Covering by local shorts was the chief feature and source of strength in the corn market The tone in wheat also had a braeng effect. The domestic de- mand was slightly better, 46,000 bushels were loaded from store yesterday and re- eeipts for 179.00O were cancelled The cash market was F 10 l cent pushed higher. The export putlouh lS NfiS bis couraging. There is n little shortage of corn In Liverpool for delivery on May contracts and to fill in this demand, liv- erpool will pay but Il irilo over May price, and this for shipment by the 1lth of the month and condition guaranteed on arrival For deferred shipment we cannot even get an indication of buyers ideas. Country purchases were more lib- eral and an increase in local receipts Is anticipated There does not appear to be any legitimate reason for the present corn values. Liverpool was 'se te 14c higher at the close. Estimated ears, 32.
 Oats were quiet, but trade was partie- ularly heavy. Cash news was strong 11o.0OO bushels Of standards were sold to- day for shipment at quarter over May G2 900 bushels were loaded out of store and receipts for iS2,000 were cancelled Receipts here were only twenty-nino cars, or one-thrd of what they ran year ago.
 The weather throughout the belt and country advlces are favorable to the new crop. The position of the old futuros is becoming stronger and the cash situation will become more and more hnllish feature We advise purchases on reees- sions.
 Provisions-A prominent operator took the buying side of all provisions this morning and caught the crowd short running them in A stronger market ana a little better cash demand were mar lSet helps Estimated receipts tomorrow, nnn
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Caldwell 6 Wards Cotton Letter.

New Orleans. May 4.--As Liverpool ad- vices were better than looked for our market opened 10 points higher, eased off 3 to ( points shortly after on realiz- ing. Reports of a storm doing damage in Texas, bullish cables from Liverpool subsequently caused an advance or lo lo 13 points from the bottom on old crop months and to points on the new When telegraphic communication was es- tablisheed with Texas and the official rainfall was posted for that state it was ascertained that rain had generally fallen where needed This and desire to liqui- date occasioned break near the close about 16 points from the top on near posi- tions and 6 to 10 points on the late making the net gain to s points on the old crop options, whereas the new showed a loss of 1 to points. Liverpool cables that the market feels the influence of Manchester considered bare of cation and the i'm pression Is that it must buy more freely. Short time Is relaxing as spinners appear satisfied with present prices. It is na- tural to expect optimistic advices from Liverpool as the figures show that the shortage in supply is in Great Britain therefore it's imperative for the Lanca- shire spinners to continue a policy Of curtailment or there will be an enchance- ment in values should they endeavor to become free buyers of spots. American and continental spinners are we'll pro- vided with the raw article. consequently Great Britain may get her requirements with more ease than anticipated as com petition from the above sources Is prac- tically removed. 1t is demonstrated daily though that the action of spinners will govern the old crop months. The new crop months will be ruled by weather conditions
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Metal Market.

New York, May 4.-Spot tin in London closed 5s lower at e127 5s. and futures los higher at e126 As. Locally, a shade irmer at s27. .95d2s .10
 Copper was lower in London spot clos ing los lower at 95S 6s Sd, and futures at e5s 5s: locally, unchanged lake 1850; electrolytic 13o21z413.25 and casting, 12s71kq13. .121s.
 Lead declined Is 3d to f11 lis 9d in London; unchanged here at A. A.6oQ4.65
 Spelter unchanged in both markets at a22 6s I'd in London, and at $o. 2eao.2b here
 Iron closed at 5Ss 2d in Glasgow, and 4s ed in Middlesboro; locally, quiet and un- franged; No. foundry. northern $l5 .25@ 15.75; No. 2, sl4. 75a15.25; No. 1 foundry, southern, and No. 1 foundry southern soft, slfq14. 55.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
cothran 6 Co.'s Stock Letter.

by N. Y. Financial Bureau.
 New York, May 1.-The stock r;arket today was a dull affair but showed fair ly good undertone under short covering. The Hartman interview seemed to be the chief bull factor, and Union Pacific was the feature on account of 1t. Steel pre- ferred showed more weakness but seem- ed to get some support, and 1t is believed to be somewhat over sold.
 There was some pool activity showing revival of interest, but the outside public paid no attention to the stock market whatever. It Is going to become serious matter with some of the houses and comment is freely made today upon the bad business outlook so far as Wall street Is concerned.
 Fluctuations are entirely professional and 1t is difficult for floor traders even to get anything out of the market.
 We do not anticipate a bear market but we do not see how under the cir cumstances now existing can put the market much higher.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Coffee Market.

New York, May 4.-Spot Rio coffee quiet mild quiet; futures opened steady at unchanged prices to a decline of D points under liquidation, encouraged by estimates of an early and full movement of new crop coffee as well as hy indica- tions for a bearish decrease In the worlds visible supply. Wall street import CTS and foreign houses were buyers, how ever, and the market ruled about steady on the initial level, closing steady, with May and June 5 points lower and other months net unchanged. Sales, 33500 bags May, 5.e5; July, 5.S0@5. s5; September, 605 @6 IS; October, 6.20; December, 6.35q6. 45; March, 6.65@6.70.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Daily Statement.

Galveston-Steady; middling, 13ssc; sales PA; receipts, 322; stock. 17,S17.
 Mobile-Quiet; middling, 139sc: sales. 200; receipts 4; stock, 39iS
 Savannah-Easy; middling, 13esc re- ceipts, 29S; stock, 34 466.
 Charleston-Nomina;r receipts, B; stock. 3017
 Wilmington-Nominal; stock 6244 Norfolk-Receipts. 400; stock, 5000. Baltimore-Nominal; middllng. 14c. Boston-Quiet mddling. 13.55c; net re- ceipts. 467; gross. 36S5.
 lphia-Nominal; receipts, 1s4; stock. 2117.
 St. Louis-Quiet; middling. 13%c; stock, 12.11S.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Southern Railway Co.
3chedule in Effect hay 24. 19o3


 trains leave Birmingham as follows: e'lV Q. m.-No. SS, For Atlanta. Washing ton. timore. Philadelpila New York and the East. Pu'.- man Drawing Re--, sleeping Car, Birmingham to New York.
 s:0 a. m--No. 1e for Montevallo. Ma plesville, Selma and way sts- tions.
 i2:25 p. m.-No. 35 for Columbus, Vest Point. W,nona, Greenv oodl and Creenville: also Sheffield and Florence and North Ala bama points. e:D ?. m.-No. 15. new train, for Cordovss, Ookman. Corona and way sta- tons. Also Blossburs. 8:45 D. m.-No. 22 for Anniston and way yi stations; also Talladega. 4:1o p. m.-No. Ss for Atlanta. JackEon- vile and all Florida points,, also Charlotte, Richmond. Washington. New York and the East. Pullman Sleeping Car Birmingham to Jackson- vile; also Birmingham to Richmond. Va io:2o D. m.-No. 87 for Columbus. West Point. winona. Greenwood and Greenville. Pullman Drawing Room Sleeping Car Birmingham Greenvils. l0:3j D. m.-No. 2l Tor Selma. Mobile ana way 3tations. Pullman Draw Room Sleeping Car Birming- ham to Mobile. Il :30 p. m.-No. 98, new train, for Atlanta, Anniston. and way stations. Pullman Drawing Room Sleeping Car Birmingham to Atlanta. Sleeping car can oa occupied at Union station s:sq D. m.
 For detailed information and sleeping car reservations apply passenger officev Morris Hotel building. Telephone 6l7. J. c. LUSK, Dist. Pass. Agent.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Fruit and Produce.

 Corrected daily by c. Y. bell & Co.,. 2ols
 Morris avenue) Oranges-California navels. S25O4275 Lemons-Per box, extra choice, S.75; fancy $3. Bananas-Per bunch. culls. $1.Oo to SIPS. Apples-Fancy northern stock. Russets. s.50.
 Mobile cabbage, g. 25d2.50. Celery-Florida. per crate. s2.oo to s22S; per dozen, 50c. Eggs-l5c Peanuts-Fancy. per pound. eh; No :. Sc.
 Mixed Nuts Ter rnund l2Mc. Raisins-Per pox, new crop. s2. Irish Potatoes-Per bushel, sl.50; new Irish potatoes, per bushel, $1.5O; per bar rel s4.2o.
 Sweet Potatoes-Per bushel sl.5o. Onions-Per pound, 3lac. New Florida Tomatoes-Per crate $9.O @275
 StraWberries-Per 24-quart crate g 50d3. Beans-C;reen $1. .50d1,75. New Green Peas-Per crate, $.0O. Egg Plant-$o.25. Squash-S150 Peppers-S2.00.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
ltverpoo. Market.

Liverpool. May 4.-Increased demand in spot cotton; prices points higher; Amer ican m.ddling fair, 7.S6; good middling. 7.12; middling, 7.62; low middling 7.50; good ordinary, 7.3S; ordinary. 7.1S. The sales of the day were 10000 bales, of which 300 were for speculation and ex- port and included $500 American. Futures cpened steady and closed firm American middling, zoe: May, 7.42; May-June. 7.3s; June-July, 7.34; July-August. 729; August-sept smber. 7.03; september-oc octo- Der, 6.42; October November, 6.16; Novem- ber-December, 6.1O; December-January. sos; January-February GOT.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05

Caldwell (. Wards Stock Letter. By Miller & Co
 New York, May 4.-Today stock mar ket made q ro1r slowing tc the hghtr quotations from ,.ondnn ani the reassur- ing advices of the disposition If the foreign market. Consolidated Gas was noticeably a strong feature on run;ors that the governor will sign the se,nsen bill and that the consolidation with Brooklyn Union will follow shortly. Cup per was rather stronger than nest stocks on talk that Westinghouse people are large buyers of raw material. The fiGal hour all stocks ran off some, due to in- ertia as much as to pressure. A broker who is often employed by the largest bear interest in the market was large buyer of Pennsylvania in the last halt hour. Market continues professional but we rather feel that for the present the tendency on the whole will continue downward. The reorganization rumors were responsible for the strength in Realty stocks.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Live Stock Market.

Chicago. May 4.-Cattle: Receipts ls.oo; market 10c lower Good to prime steers, s5 80; poor to medium, s2.soa4.S5; stockers and feeders, s304.D; cows, $1.5ON4.75; heifers g .2514.75; canners. Sl.5Od2 60; bulls. s2a4. 10; calves, g .50Q5; Texas fed steers. s4G4.6O.
 Hogs: Receipts. 24.000; market about steady; mixed butchers, A.65Q4.85; good to choice heavy, A.75G4 .s71s; rough heavy, s4. .6O@4 70; light, s4.55q4.T5; bulk, 4.65q 4.75.
 Sheep: Receipts. 14,O0o; market lower. Lambs lower Good to choice wethers. s4. 75a7 10; fair to choice mixed, 8. 5064. 60; clipped western sheep, $465.40; native lambs, clipped, $4.25Q5.75; clipped west
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Local Staple Groceries.

Local Staple Groceries. Apples-M eslern eVapOrated. i4sc. Flour-Fancy patent, s6; half patent. s5.65
 Sugar-Granuiated. 5c: Y. C.. 4l5c. Coffee-Green. Sh4l215c; Arbuckles 5. Porto Rico. s11.s0.
 Meats-Dry salted ribs, 7Ac; dry salted rib bellies, SEC, hams, fancy. 127sc; medi- um, 111sc; extra clear, 73sc; bacon bellies. He.
 Lard-Leaf 7c.
 Compound Lard-Snowfake, 61s. Molssses-Centrifugal. I5435c. 5ugaf house, 40c: Georgia cane. 3Sc Beans-Navy, s2.65 per bushel; Lima. 60 pound.
 Pearl Grits-e2 pounds. SL3b.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Naval Stores.

Savannah. May 4-Turpentine firm. 55c {; sales slo; receipts. Ss3; exports, 16O; rosin firm; sales. 27O; receipts. eS2; exports, 116l Quote: A. B, c, $2.50 D, g. .55 F, $2.6O; F, $2.65; c, $2.70: H, s2.75; I, g. 80, K, s3.15; M, 3.2O; N, s3.55; window glass. B. 50 water white, $3.75
 Charleston. May 4.-Turpentine firm, 53hc; sales, 20 casks. Rosin firm; sales 100 barrels Quote: A, B, c. D, s2 .35; E.. $2. 45; G, s2.55; H. $2.65; l, s2.75; K, 8: M. S.10; N, s3.20 window glass, $3 40; water white, $. .6O
 Wilmington, May 4.-Spirits turpentine steady, 54c; receipts casks. Rosin firm, $2.45 bid receipts. 5l. Tar firm. s2; re- ceipts. 94. Crude turpentine, s2.25, s. 75 and s4. Receipts, 66
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Cotton Seed OIL

Memphis May 4.-Cotton seed oil car load lots, per gallon: Prime crude, 241b0I 25c; off, nominal; prime summer yellow, 271k@2sc; off summer yellow, none; choice cooking, less than carload lots, 2S1hc. Meal prime, seO.256a20 50; cake, s20.
 New Orleans, May 4.-Cotton seed oils: Prime refined. in barrels, 3ec; off refined, in barrels, 29c; prime crude, loose 251sc.
 New York, May 4.-Cotton seed oil quiet. Petroleum easy. Resin firm. Fur pentine steady, 5SQl5S11c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05
Chicauo 'Chanue,

Chicago, May 4.-Conficting reports re- garding the condition of wheat fields In the southwest caused a firm close in that market today Final figures on July be- ing a shade higher; corn is lac higher; oats ssq19c up and provisions 71s to 10c higher.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-05-05

however, with the purpose of sounding the market. In certain quarters more or less irregularities Is reported but the major ity realize the futility of attempting to force business by price concessions.