davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
No Room for Fence Posts in japan

NO Room Tor renee FostS IN JAPAN
In Japan, when a farmer permits
a telegraph or telephone pole to be
erected on his land he has made a
great concession to modern reform,
says Harold Boice in the Booklovers'
Magazine Only the exceedingly rich
have fences around their farms in ia
pan, not because of the cost of the
renee, but because of the value of
the square inches the posts and pick
cts would consume. If a border is de-
sired around field it is customary TO
plant mulberry trees. The total area
of ground in Japan thus devoted to
the silkworm tree, which otherwise
would be taken up with fences,
amounts to about 10000 acres This
has no reference to the mulberry
farms and groves, the area for which
is over three times as much. The
fact that a Japanese farmer is forced
to figure on the amount of ground a
fence post would occupy and the in
teresting fact that the government, in
its statistical enumeraions, has had
the areas covered by individual null
berry trees on farm boundaries care
FULLY computed, demonstrates the
great value of arabic land.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

A week or two afterward she ex-
pressed some Impotence to the cash
ier Il shall be gone from the neigh.
borhood," she said, before l get that
kitten he promised me"
IF you wait until that cat has kit.
tens" said the cashier, with smile,
you'll wait until sausages grow in
strawberry beds"
The bride started, and her face
grew scarlet She left the shop in a
hurry and has not been back SINCE.
New York Press.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
I1uslls

Uncle" John Cameron gave the girls
the "tip."
We're forming a company" said
MISS Picker "and expect to get cap.
ital from our friends. Soon we will
De shipping, and If the thing goes
why, well, who knows but what wen
ind another Cripple Creek up here on
st. Peters Dome"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Evidently Needed Teaching.

The vacation schools and the warm
weather brought an obnoxiously odor-
ferrous youngster to teacher, who sent
her home to be washed.
On the returning. less aromatic. said
the youngster to the teacher:
Me mudder wants to know If /
come here to git teached or git
smelled. New York Sun.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
If It Was Good.

What did Columbus 90 that pleased
the king?" asked the kindergarten
teacher.
He stood an egg on an end" re-
piled the smart boy.
And what did he do them"
The smart boy thought for a mo-
ment and then responded: He ate the
egg"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Adviee..

"No," she declared. 81 will never
marry any man who hasn't grit
enough to go and ask papa for me-"
That's all right, but you ought to
remember that your father has weak
heart, and sudden joy has often been
known to prove fatal in such cases"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
ONLY Obstacles 70 Him

What a beautiful road this is"
said the fair visitor. ''the overshadow-
ing trees are so perfect Don't you
just love these grand old trees?"
No, don't" replied her host. who
was just learning to run an auto,
they're forever getting in my way"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Good News Il True.

She-And are you really so much
Letter since you returned from your
trip abroad?
He-Yes. indeed! I'm quite an.
other man, | assure you.
She-Well. I'm sure all yoar friends
will be delighted to hear it.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Unwonted Activity in the sho0.

Now, that is what | like to see"
observed the rural merchant to the
proprietor of the great department
store All your clerks are full of vim
and energy"
yes" replied the proprietor. with
sarcastic smile. I'VE close at noon
today, and they are getting ready to
go out"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Lots Like Him.

He's quite an active political work
er, isn't he?"
"oh, no; he has not reached that
stage yet"
Why, he talks of nothing but poll
tics"
"Yee; he's merely an active politi-
cal talker."
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
A. the Seaside.

Younger Sister-If you don't intend
to go in the water why did you put on
your bathing suit? You don't look
at all we'll in it.
Elder Sister, know it, but one has
to make some sacrifices to be in style.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
TruthfuI Younn Me-

LADY, bought calico wrapper of
you Few days ago and you warranted
the colors to be fast.
Clerk-Yes, madam; l remember Il.
Lady-Well, the moment ! put it in
tne washtub the colors came out
Clerk-That proves the truthfulnes,
Oh my assertion, madam. :, here Ger.
tainly wasn't anything slow about
those colors.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
An Unpleasant Reminler.


What does Bifkins remind you
of"
Il hate to tell"
Because it's reflection on Blf-
kins?"
mo, on me-"
Il don't understand"
We'll, I'll explain. Every time |
see Bifkins he reminds me of little
bin I've owed him for over year"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
4 Difficult Process.

What are you doing?" asked Maud.
Studying Russian" answered Ma
mic. do you know, 1 believe I have
discovered why the Russians are de-
feated SO often. When a Russian gen
eral gives command it must con
sumo lot of valuable time to get out
a lexicon and translate it to the
troops
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
To ae sure

Little Johnny-say. pa. win you
buy me a pair of roller skates?
Pa-What in the name OF common
sense do you want with pair OF
roller skates?
Little Johnny-Why. pa, want to
use them for moving the lawn in
summer and shoyeling snow in win.
ter. What else could use them for.
pa?
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

Caller-You never play the violin
n public. presume, then, you do 1t
solely for your own amusement.
Host-Tm afraid 1 do From GER
tain remarks dropped by the neigh
hors have been led to think it
doesn't amuse them at all.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Ambiguous.

Mr.. Boreleigh-Tve got the physical
culture craze in my head. Do you
think there is anything in it?
Penelope certainly think there is
something in physical culture.-Judge
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Poor Artist.
Art and Drama met.

Art and Drama met.
There are not so many young men
welded to me as formerly" said Art.
81 suppose they could not support
your" Intercepted Drama.
mo, the trouble was l could not
support them
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
He Was a Terror

Customer-Say, want a good
watch dog.
Dealer-I have one that win just
suit you.
Customer-Is he savage?
Dealer-Is he savage? Why, he ac-
tually chews holes in his own pants.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

clarinda-You can't keep dog in
your new fat?
Florinda-No, we had to give Fido
away. but Frederick had his dear little
bark put in our phonograph.-C incin-
natl Commercial Tribune.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
9 Was . LIeense An RIaht.

X was License All Right.
But your dog license has been nata
clerk - sA-s
strange, remarked the forgetfuI
man. I'm sure this string around my
anger was to remind me to come here
for my license"
but IT'S been paid; probably by
my wife? oh. that's it! 1t was my
marriage license | was to get TODAY"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Just a Slap.

Miss Knox-T think Mr.. Mooney
wants 70 surprise you with a birthday
gift soon.
Miss Passay-Tndeed? Why?
Miss Knox-He asked me If I knew
when your thirty-hfth birthday would
be.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Just for a Bluff.

Him-Would you scream If at
tempted to kiss you?
Her-Indeed / would-if any one
happened to looking at the time.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

Senator Kraft is talking a good
deal about the need of reform in poll
ties
"Yes; reminds me OF a drunken
man handing out temperance tracts"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Athletics.

DO you think the modern girl is
benefited by an athletic trainingg"
Yes" answered Miss Cayenne. 1T
enables her to get in and out of a
hammock without breaking her neck.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
sure Sion.

He's had good luck at poker late
ly."
How do you know"
Il heard him remark this morning
that it's mistake to say poker isn't
thoroughly scientific game
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Real Wonder.

Real Wonder.
Great guns! What terrible piano
playing! Is that the girl you said was
wonderful"
at is"
What is wonderful about herr"
why, II is wonderful how she keeps
the neighbors from assassinating her."
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

Yes, the foreign duke was conspicu.
Gus among the beach smart circles"
You don't say! How many women
were after him?"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
Dark secret

La Montt-When l see a chap in a
Dig black Windsor bow always specu-
late.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

La Montt-No. l speculate whether
he has on a shirt or whether he has
not,
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

La Moyne-Indeedi 1 suppose YOU
speculate whether he is an artist or
an actor
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

Couiont spare Boy.
Willie-Pa, can't you spare money
enough to buy me gun?
Pa-My son, am going TO get you
a gun when l can spare boy. but not
before.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

but there are. only fifteen young
ladies at the beach,"
Yes, but each has a mamma"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11
A Kind chaperon.

Tess-"My chaperon was Just as
Lice as she could be. She told me
while we were at the shore | must
keep Jack Huggard at distance"
Jesuit l thought you liked
Jack"
Tess-"So do. She meant keep
him at distance from her"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-10-11

Honk-Honk Harmony.
"Runnybout has a beautiful auto
mobile suit and hat, but no auto"
NO he is having the machine en-
ameled to match the clothes.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
TRUSTS INDICTED.

Henderson, KY, Jan. 20. The
grand jury today returned indictments
against the two tobacco trusts which
have been buying in the local market
as follows: Against the Imperial To
bscco company. of Kentucky. chars.
ing them with carrying on their bust
ness without having filed with the
Secretary OF State . statement show
ing the change Of managers recently
made: two indictments against the
American Tobacco Company, charging
them with trsnsaoting business in this
state without having filed with the
secretary Of state a statement giving
the location OF its agencies and the
names Of its agents. The penalty for
these omissions 10 . fine OF from 900
to 81 900 in each case.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
Announced by the RehkOpf
Company.
They Say That Both Union and Non.
Union Men May Find
Employment.
SEVERAL NOW AT WORK

The E. Rehkopf leatherworking
plants here will in the future be run
Is "open shops'employing both union
and ~on union men.
This was positively stated this morn
ing by a reliable employee of the Reh-
kopf factories and he stated the pro-
prietor would pay no attention what
ever to the demands of the union leath.
erworkers for a new scale. "If they
want to work they can do so," he
stated, "but they will work at the
price we last agreed on. We are
through with the union business where
demands are made every year and q
steady increase in pay is asked for.
Every increase has to be met with IN
advance in price ana if we can't ad-
vance the price to meet the demands
Of the tradesmen, then what 10 to be
done? Nothing but sell at loss or
quit business. We are not ready to do
either
An employe stated this morning that
over one dozen union and non union
men are at work, and that the plants
are running.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
But the Ohio Above is Rising
Rapidly.
The Lotus Crushed BY Wrecked Coal
Boats Near Cincinnati-A Num-
Der of barges Lost.
CAPTAIN HALSTEAD Is DEAD

Cincinnati. Jan. 22.-The rivers
work Of destruction at Cincinnati and
vicinity has begun, but 30 far the loss
es, while heavy, are not Is great al
was feared.
The morning record was the sweep.
ing away of eighteen coal barges he.
longing to the Collins and Hsrtweg,
with two coal boats, grinding into the
ruins OF the steamboat Lotus, belong.
ing to Thomas Jackson, and valued
at si2, 900.
Twelve barges OF coal were also
broken loose above coal harbor. The
worst food in years is expected above
here.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22

the girl and like many people when
frightened and excited. was afraid to
tell the truth, but the payment Of in
surance while the child lay dying in
dicated lack Of feeling that caused
him to order complete investigation.
It was this morning ordered that
the remains Of the girl be held until
the coroner's jury could be impaneled
and be taken to the house to examine
the corpse.
This afternoon an inquest is being
held at the city hall before Justice
Jesse Young, and it 10 likely the evil
dence developed at the informal inqui-
~ last night will be strengthened by
that the officers have secured in corro-
boration today. Coroner Peal was too
i'll today to hold the inquest, and as
result Justice Young 10 holding IL.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
BABE" INGRAM DEAD
WELL KNOWN MAN DIES QUITE
SUDDENLY.

Mr.. Hamilton W. Ingram, better
known as Babe" Ingram, the former
dairyman but lately employed by Mr..
Sam Colt in the Office saloon, died
yesterday afternoon at O'Clock of in
fiammatory rheumatism after a short
illness.
Mr.. Ingram was as years Of age and
was for years in the dairy business.
He later worked for Mr.. Colt but dur
ing the past several months had been
farming. He moved in town several
weeks ago aud was living at No. 14i4
street when he expired.
The deceased leaves a wife and six
children and the funeral was held this
afternoon at O'Clock from the resi-
dence. Interment at Oak Grove.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
BRUTAL MURDER
YOUNG SCHOOL
TEACHER ASSAULTED
AND KILLED.

Bedford, Ind, Jan. 22-At O'Clock
this morning the dead body of Miss
Sarah shaefer. formerly of Elkhart, In
diana, . tescher of latin in the Bed
ford high school, was found in cab
shed, with all the indications hat she
had been oriminally assaulted and
murdered.
Everything indicates that terrible
struggle was made by the dead woman
to protect herself from her sssailants,
who, IL caught, will probably te
mobbed.
Miss Shaefer was twenty three years
of age and one of the most popular
young women of Bedford.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
BARGES SAVED
CAPTAIN ED VOOLFOLK RE-
CEIVES GOOD NEWS FROM
CINCINNATI.

Captain Ed Voolfolk this morning
received telegram from Cincinnati
stating that the big ice gorge there
broke at 4:30 O'Clock this morning
and that all his barges were safe.
The gorge was about the largest on
the Ohio river. and was fully fifteen
feet above Coney Island. Captain
Voolfolk has about S35, 900 worth of
floating property near Cincinnati, and
is greatly relieved to learn that it is
all safe.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
RIVER MAN DIES.

Louisville, Jan. 22-David Hal
stead, Of Jacksonville. Ind. .4s years
old. and one OF the best known
steamboat engineers on the Ohio river,
died suddenly from apople,y on the
street ct Third and Main streets, at
1850 O'Clock this morning. He was
secn TO fall in front Of the American
National bank building and died
twenty minutes later.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
SUMMER THEATER
WILL BE DISCUSSED TODAY BY
STREET CAR DIRECTORS.

This afternoon . meeting Of the
street Railway directors will be held
ct which the matter OF running the
Wallace Park theater next summer
will be take mp and probably settled.
Yesterday afternoon q stock holders
meeting Of the Psduoah City Railway
company was held in the offioe Of the
company on South Fourth street and
board OF directors and officers elect
ed
The election shows no changes ex-
cept in the election Of Mr.. Max b.
Naihm, Of Bowling Green. q director
to succeed Mr.. A. L. Rich, of Cincin-
matt.
The directors are Messrs. G. O.
Thompson, George O. Wallace. W. r.
Paxton, ]. l. Friedman, j. q. Utter
back. N. b. Nahm and II. A. Fitch,
the latter Of Bowling Green.
The officers who were reelected
are Messrs. u. @. Thompson, presi-
dent @. @. Wallace, vice president /;
-J.C. Utterbaok, secretaryof board; W.
w. Powell, secretary and treasurer Of
company; ID. b. Simon, superintend-
ent of motive power and electricity
aud Mr.. A. s. Thompson, superin.
tendent of transportation.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
Lee Turner to Get Another Trial
in April.
Much Excitement Among Colored Peo-
pie In Aayfield-Tobacco Trust
Indicted ut Henderson.
OTHER KENTUCKY MATTERS

Middesboro, XIV, Jan. 22.-Judge
NJ. ]. Moss has decided to hold q spe-
cisl term Of the Bell Circuit Court in
Apri to try Lee Turner on the charge
Of being an accessory to the killing of
John Doyle. Doyle Was killed in the
Quarter House battle at the same time
Cecil was killed and as Turner has
Just been acquitted Of the killing of
Cecil, it is not thought he will have
much trouble in the new trial. IL he
is cleared OF the Doyle murder he will
then be tried for killing Charles Pride
more al the Quarter House.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
LYNCHING SURE
HAD WIN. LIGHTFOOT BEEN Ia
KEN BACK TO TENNESSEE.

Mr.. J. McCumscey, assistant chief
detective of the |. c., who is in the
city today assisting in the prosecution
of William Lightfoot for the murd er
O. Roy Sloan, white, at Woodstock
Sunday night, says that had Lightfoot
been turned over to him Sunday and
taken back to Woodstock he woult I'M
doubleday have been mobbed.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
GOSPEL BAND
PREPARATIONS MADE TO LO-
GATE AT ROCHESTER,, N. Y.

The gospel boat Meggido, recently
sold to Chattanooga parties, has been
dropped down to the N. O. & st. l..
iarfboat aud the freight and furnish.
ags of the families living on the craft
shipped to Rochester, n. Y, where
the gospel workers will go to reside.
The boat will pc placed on the docks
and her hull repaired before abe goes
into any trade.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
LANDED IN EDDYvILLE.

Eddyville, Ky. Jan. 90. Tom
shannon, the leader Of the band Of
robbers who was brought to Bowling
Green from Chattanooga, Tenn. where
he was arrested with willower and
Souder ON the charge Of robbing jew.
elry store in the latter city and who
was subsequently tried and given ten
years In the penitentiAry for robbery
and conspiracy to kill, was brought to
the prison here and consigned 20 the
outing room of the shoe shop.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
THE GOEBEL REWARD.

Frankfort. KY, Jan. 22.-The Goe-
bel Reward Commission adjourned af-
ter refusing to grant claims for re-
wards for spprehending Henry e.
Youtsey. Judge W. 8. Pryor. repre-
septing Detectives Harding and Arm
strong, OF Louisville, asked permission
to sue the commission, and the ques.
ton Of who shall receive the reward
will probably be determined by the
courts.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
POOL ROOM CLOSED
1T WAS CLOSED UP TIGHT THIS
AFTERNOON.

The pool room under the New Rich
mond to break up which the mayor
last night introduced an ordinance in
the board of aldermen, is today closed.
1t is supposed that the operators be-
came frightened and decided to shut
up shop.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
YOUNG LADY KILLED.

Petersburg, KY, Jan. N2.-Miss
Eva Utz, the pretty eight A-yesr ola
daughter OF William Utz, wing near
Limaburg, eight miles south, started
horseback to visit = neighbor and in
passing a wagon her horse SHE'D and
fell, throwing Miss Utz off. striking
her head against q stone, killing her
instantly.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22

Mayfeld, Ky, Jan. 22.-Quincy
Boase, colored. eighteen years old,
who attempted 1t is charged, a crimi-
nal assault on the wife of Adam Green
prominent colored man, has been
caught at Jackson Tenn, and there
is much excitement among the colored
people
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
CALLED MEETING
ALDERMEN TO HOLD 4 MEET
ING TONIGHiA

There will be called meeting of
the board of aldermen tonight for the
purpose of giving second passage to
the apportionment ordinance. This is
the only matter before the board and
it will remain IN session short time
only.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
WOLFE CREEK GORGE.

Cannelton, Jan 22.-The gorge ct
Wolfe Greek broke today and Is NOV
ing down slowly. No damage was
done. but the river 10 rising rapidly.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22

. The condition of Mrs. Will Scott to-
day is not improved, her many friends
will regret TO learn.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
PETITION IN BANKRUPTCY.

= MIR. Charles W. Woodbridge the l.
O. patternmaker, through his attor-
ney, Oscar Kahn, today filed petit
tion in bankruptcy giving liabilities to
the amount of S14i with no assets.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22

Mr.. W. Y. Griffith, who was in
iured Monday IN a runaway, is report
ed better.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1904-01-22
Several Being Mentioned as Mr..
Fuller's Successor.
Prof. Leib 10 Doing Cool Work-His
Family will Arrive
Today.
RECTOR SYKES

Since Mr.. J. NJ. Fuller, school trus.
tee from the fourth ward. announced
his intention Of moving to the conn
try to engage in farming. much talk
has been current as to his proba BILE sue
cessor.
Mr.. Fuller will shortly, as stated
several weeks ago in the Sun move to
the Maxon Mills section where he has
bought farm to engage in active
country life and will resign from the
school board. Messrs. j. V. Grief,
Alonzo Elliott and Z. 8. walston are
mentioned as successors and they are
capable men. Mr. Walston having
served successful term as Q school
trustee few years ago.
Ii is within the hands Of the board
TO elect b successor but generally is
left to the colleague Of the outgoing
member to select or name successor.
This rule may not be adhered to and
the board will probably elect success.
sor as soon Is the resignation is in and
accepted.
Mr.. Fuller is good school man and
his resignation is received with regret
by the fellow members Of the board.
Supt. O. n. Leib, Of the Paducah
schools, has arranged his grade meet
ings so thst one will be held each
week, making four every month.
Prof. Leib has been laboring to get
the schools working systematically
and has about completed his plans.
Mrs. Leib will arrive tomorrow from
Marysville, No, to make Paducah her
home.
Rev. Sykes, rector Of the Grace
church, delivered an address to the
pupils of the High school this morn
ing. Rev. Sykes has just completed
a series of readings from Shakes
peare's Merchant Of Venice and now
10 taking up each character and dis
cussing it for the benefit of the pu-
pills His discourses are greatly en-
joyed by the pupils