davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Irish standard., 1904-08-13
The Catholic Hierarchy of Ireland Strongly
Opposed to the System Of Edu-
cational Control.
The People Of Ireland Disguised With Irish
Caricature Practiced on the
American Stage.

Now is the pilgrimage time in Ire
land. There is probably no country
in the world that has so many holy
wells and other holy places of pilgrim
age as Ireland, says Seumas McManus,
in the Cincinnati Enquirer. In these
modern days of skepticism, when it is
the fashion for every man to believe
that he himself is the most almighty
being in creation, and that though he
did not create the universe, yet if he
had deigned to create it he would have
created a "darned sight, better one
than that we have got; it is truly re-
freshing to observe the simple faith
that still holds our Irish people, and
that draws them in multitudes to these
annual pilgrimages. 1t is elevating on
a day of pilgrimage to stand by one
of the holy wells, out upon the wild
moor, under blue sky, and see the
pilgrims and women, boys and
gfrls-barefooted, with heads bent,
lips murmuring and rosaries slipping
through their fingers, follow the moor
path that leads to the holy well, ana
travel the gravel path around and
around the cairns Of stone that are be-
ing piled to immense size by each sin
nerg who comes adding a pebble to
each heap.
The Irish standard., 1904-08-13

It is announced that the Duke of
Norfolk is deigning to come to Ireland
for the dedication Of the geat Armagh
The Irish standard., 1904-08-13

The pilgrimage to the top Of the
mountain of Croagh Patrick is great
and famous one; but still greater
and far more famous one-the great
est and most famous in Ireland-is the
pilgrimage to st. Patrick's Purgatory,
Lough Dearg, County Donegal. In
memory of st. Patrick's retirement to
this lonely spot for prayer and fast
ing a pilgrimage three-days' one
is annually observed by several thou
sands of people who come from va
rious parts of England, Ireland and
Scotland, and oftentimes from Ameri-
Ca and distant Australia. The pill
grimage to st. Patrick's Purgatory is
observed upon a small island, in a
lonely lake, in the loneliest part of
the mountains of Donegal. The is
land is very small, one might cast a
stone clear over it, yet frequently
there are several hundreds of people
Oh the island at one time, and day or
night their prisons never cease. This
pilgrimage begins on the first of June
and winds up on the 18th of August;
and it is one of the most extraordin-
ary, and one of the most elevating
scenes have ever witnessed.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17

The saving in cost of hauling loads
to market over go0i roads compared
with the same haul over bad roads has
been strikingly illustrated again and
again and with fair degree of accu-
racy. But the saving OF time in driving
over good roads as compared with poor
ones has not been given the considera-
ton it merits. This saving of good
roads applies with equal force whether
they be used by the farmer in going
to town in his light carriage, the auto
mc3ilist or the bicyclist. 1t has been
estimated that Il half hours time can
be saved in passing over every five
miles of good road as compared with
the same length1Of bad road. As time
has never been more valuable than 1t Is
in these days Of the twentieth century,
here Is another argument for the good
roads movement that is often over
looked.-GoOd Roads Magazine
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17

Referring to love letters, who indeed
does not write rubbish when he writes
a love letter! The greatest geniuses
have proved themselves 10 be tempo
rarily the merest simpletons when they
correspond with the fair ones whom
they profess to adore. Byron. who was
very astute as well rs very elo-
qucnt poet, was thoroughly aware Of
this fact. \ master stroke OF determi-
nation not to become ridiculous In love
letter writing was made by the Scotch
writer TO the signet. who always con-
cluded his communication with,
Yours, dearest madam. without preju-
dice But we cannot all OF us be
Scotch lawyers.-LOndon Telegraph.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
MATHEMATICAL SIGNS.
The Process by Which the Familiar
Characters Were Evolved


The sign of addition is Ccrived from
the initial letter of the word plus" In
making the capital letter it was made
more and more carelessly until the ton
part Of the ''p" was placed near the
center; hence the plus sign was finally
reached.
The sign Of subtraction was derived
from the word minus" The word was
hrst contracted into mus. with bori-
zontal line above to indicate the con.
traction, which was printers freak
that may be found In almost any book
bearing date earlier than the begin.
ming OF the eighteenth century. After
the lapse Of long period of time the
letters were omitted altogether. Ieav-
Ing only the short line 80 well known
to all.
The multiplication sign was obtained
by changing the plus sign into char.
acter resembling the letter K. This was
done simply because multiplication Is
but shorter form Of addition.
Division was formerly indicated by
placing the dividend above horizontal
line and the divlsor below. In order to
save space in printing, the dividend
was placed to the left and the divisor
TO the right. with simple dot in place
Of each
The radical sign was derived from
ne initial letter Of the word "radix."
The sign Of equality Is said to have
irst been used in the year 1857 by a
sharp mathematician. who adopted 1t
Is substitute for the words equal |
o."
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
The Word "Cndv

"Cad," 1t is pointed out by writer,
is word furnishing "a pathetic in
stance of verbal degeneration" He
says: Its grandfather cadet and its
father 'caddie' are still alive In the
language. though the relationship is
recognized by few. Cadet signifying
by derivation from the Latin q little
head or little chief was a sufficiently
honorable word for the younger son of
a noble family. and acquired its mod
ern army sense from the fact that the
army was often the destiny OF younger
SONS. But it also begat 'cadie' or cad
die junior or subordinate in general,
such as bricklayer's assistant or the
familiar golf caddie. Then 'caddle' or
cad came to mean an odd Job man.
and from calling the men who hung
about to pick up jobs by this name,
Oxford undergraduates presently ap-
piled 1t 10 town In general as con-
trasted with gown AS no compliment
was thereby intended, Its final deg
is obvious"
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
SOCIETY MEN.
That In What Society Needs, Accord
Ing to Society Woman.

That II What Society Needs, Accord.
ing to a Society Woman.
What We need is society men," de.
clared a weary matron. "Our men are
so tagged by their attention to bust
ness that they are next to worthless.
They regard the average social func-
ton as an awful bore and leave every
thing pertaining to entertaining and to
going about to their wives In case the
poor wife succumbs to the strain they
hunt around for a spinster or widowed
sister or sister-in-law or other relative
who will consent to take upon her
shoulders this social side Of the mat
ter.
"As for looking after q daughter.
their duty is done when they've given
carte blanche with check book. An
Englishman Of high title often chaper-
ons his motherless daughter during an
entire season and from his knowledge
Of ineligibles is able to keep her well
Informed. How about the American
papa? His only ammunition consists
IN an occasional rabid, blustery remark
about the nincompoop fortune hunt
ers who hover about the daughter Of
the house. AS for sane. thoughtful
counsel. he gives not n bit of it. Socie-
ty Is game he'gOt into without inten-
ton or effort, and he utterly refuses to
take any trouble about his fellow play
ers. Even his own daughters have to
go it blind. AS l said before, what So
ciety needs is society en."-Philadel-
phia Record.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17

"One meets with queer opposites In
SPAIN said Il man who has Travelled
In that country. In the Basque prov
inces the people are alert. up TO date,
thrifty and industrious. In Barcelona
l was asreeably surprised at the evil
dences a modern progress, and its prin-
cipal street, the Rambla, Is undeniably
finer than any boulevard in Paris. In
some other sections the natives are
about the limit of sloth and evince a
don't care spirit in everything that cor.
Germs their temporal welfare. They tell
story Of Il Spanish shoemaker who
was approached by customer with
WORKOUT shoes with request that
they be repaired Immediately. The cob
bier called TO his wife to know how
much money there was in the house.
She answered enough to supply the
FAMILY wants for another day. where
upon the customer was told that if he
was i'll such great hurry he had bet
ter try some other shop. This is the
Spirit that prevails in some parts of
the Kingdom, but must not be taken as
national characteristic" -Washington
Post.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
IMPROVING FIRM LIFE.
The Need of Good Roads In Rural
Communities.

Communities.
Before close am anxious TO speak
of feature Of the case which is too
often overlooked" said Il speaker at n
| recent good roads convention. I'VE
are hearing great deal about dissatls.
faction on the farm. Recently num-
| Der of Indiana educators have devoted
| much time TO the consideration Of
ways and means Of Keeping the boys
| Oh the farm While we have no desire
to repress the rural genius who needs
the life of the city to bring him to his
best development it is, of course, a
most important matter that feeling
Of dissatisfaction shall not take hold of
our rural districts and unsettle dis
tribution of labor which long expert
ence has shown Is economically desir-
able. Dissatisfaction with rural con-
ditions can often be remedied by other
means than removal to -, city,
"The opening up of interurban lines,
the extension of telephones into farm
ing regions. the development of the
di iiNt UtiiNtis tneSc
have done vast amount toward light |
enIng the burdens of farm life. They |
have helped to infuse into the dull |
drudgery of farm work the life and |
gayety OF the city. They have helped
TO bring together young men and wO-
men whose social instincts for com
partnership cannot be repressed. 1t Is
small wonder that farmers sons and
daughters will fret and struggle TO be
freed from an environment which
keeps them prisoners several months
out Of the year because the roads are
impossible.
"The effect of good roads has been not
only to help Danish discomfort from the
farmers, but also to brighten the lives
of all classes Of our citizens. 1t Is
not too much to say that an era Of good
roads will bring with it an era of opti-
mism remember few years ago
Of hearing one of Indiana's well known
literary men speak Of the feeling of
personal happiness and buoyancy that
zane TO him from the reflection that
It least dozen hard, we'll kept stone ,
'oads led out Of his home in Craw- ,,
Ordsville, bringing him within easy
each of his farm and his favorite fish
ng grounds and opening up TO him the ,
Whole book of nature. 1t gave him a a,
osier view Of life. =
And so it must be always and ev- =,
rywhere that better opportunities for |,
be enjoyment of lfe's blessings will 4
lake us happier, better citizens. :,
mong the things that are large fac ~
'rs In bringing on this era of good =.
ceiling | give prominent place to the :,
eyelOpment of good roads"
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17

1t Is just a common cold, people say,
there's no danger in that. Admitting their
statement, then there are uncommon colds,
colds which are dangerous for MANY a
fatal sickness begins with a cold. If we
could tell the common cold from the un-
common we could feel quite safe But we
can't. The uncommon variety is rarely
recognized until il has fastened its hold on
the lungs and there are symptoms of con-
sumption.
At the first symptoms the careful person
will heed the warning by taking a mild
laxative; some vegetable pill that will not
disturb the system or cause gripping. About
the best is rDr. Pierces Pleasant Pellets
II the cold starts with a cough, and il
persists then some local treatment for this
condition should be taken A we'll known
Alternative extract, which has been highly
recommended by thousands of users, is
Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery.
This tonic compound is composed of an
extract of roots and herbs and has sooth-
ing effect upon the mucous membrane,
allays the irritation and at the same time
works i'll the proper and reasonable way,
at the seat of the trouble-the stagnated or
poisoned blood.
1t contains no alcohol to shrivel I'D the
blood corpuscles, but makes pure rich red
blood
DIR. Pierce's Iooo-page illustrated book.
The Common Sense Medical Adviser" is
sent free in paper covers on receipt of FL
one-cent stamps to pay cost of mailing only
For 81 stamps the cloth bound volume will
be sent. 1908 pages. 1t was formerly sold
for $3.50 per copy. Address DR.. R. ".
Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17

plumage and black hackle, saddle ant
tail. The word Lakenvelder means In
Dutch "a shadow OH sheet" DIR. A
II. Phelps describes this new breed as
follows:
las their name suggests, these birds
are of Dutch origin. In Holland and
Belgium, where this breed has been a
favorite for more than half century.
it was formerly known as the Jerusa-
lem or the Everlasting Layer. 1t pass
ed unnoticed by English and Ameri-
can fanciers until about four years
ago. when it was taken up by several
English breeders and Immediately
caused Il sensation, which has cOntn.
ued to spread and now has a firm foot
hold upon both sides of the Atlantic.
Wherever the Lakenvelder appears a
sensation is sure to follow.
Imagine for one moment White
Leghorn cock with tail OF mammoth
proportions, having the most ample
hackle feathering upon both neck and
rump. Now imagine that these hac-
kles and tail are of the most intense
Jet black, and you have a mental pic
ture of the Lakcnvelder. 1t is a living
picture in black and white startling,
yet beautiful. The Lakenyelders equal
the Hamburg and Leghorn as layers"
Our Illustration OF this variety Is TAX
Ell from the Feathered World of Eng
land.
While the Indian Runner Is new
variety of duck so far as the exhibition
room in this country Is considered, II Is |
not in fact new breed to the world.
IN writing of these ducks Mr.. J. Don |
I'D says they originally came from
ndia to England something over fifty
ears ago. Soon after this they made
heir appearance in the show rooms Of
england and attracted considerable
ublic attention. Some little time aft.
r this they We're brought to the atten.
lon Of the American fanciers. who
ave done much to improve them In
his country.
The brakes OF this variety weigh
rom four and half to five pounds.
ne ducks about pound less. They
egin to lay when quite young. 1t is
ported that some have been known
produce eggs when less than five
Ionths old. and, in addition to this.
icy are credited with having produced :
many as 100 eggs in year. The :
'ss of the true variety have u white
Iell and are not quite so large as those |
other varieties
One of their advantages is the fact I
at they are great foragcrs and will c
all over the farm in search of ami c
al food. such as bugs and worms OF Il
kinds, Of which they are very fond S
they will start out as soon C
it Is daylight in the morning and "
ly return home in the evening to be g
l. This is disadvantage, as they b
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
4 Great Engineering Feat.

The OrOyO railroad. which runs from
Callao TO the gold fields of CerrO de
PascO, is considered one of the Won
ders in the Peruvian world. 1t is cer-
tainly the greatest feat of railroad en-
gineering in either hemisphere. Com
mencing in Callao, it ascends the mar
row valley Of the Rimac, rising nearly
5000 feet in the first fifty-six miles.
Thence 1t goes through the intricate
gorges of the Sierras till it tunnels the
Andes at an altitude of 15,645 feet, the
highest point in the world where
piston rod is moved by steam. The
wonder Is doubled on remembering
that this elevation Is reached In seven
N.slSAt miles, .-CAieate Gsssaal.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
THE WORD PICNIC.
Many Theories as to It's Origin,
Which Ia Uncertain.

Which Ia Uncertain.
The derivation Of the word picnic
Is uncertain. In London Notes and
Queries OF 1888 attempts were made
TO trace its origin
One correspondent says: Under a
French form the word appears in a
speech Of l,obespierre, 'C'est lei quill
dot m'accuser. ct non dams les piques-
nlques.' An earlier instance occurs in
one of Lord Chestertield's letters. dated
October, 174S."
Another writer Of the same date tries
to trace the word through France into
Italy. Starting with the assumption
that pique-nique in French implies n
party at which each guest provides
some particular dish or performs some
special duty. lie finds the Italian ex-
pressions nicchia duty and pccola Ia
trifing seryice). and from these he
coins piccola nicchia (picnic)
A French encyclopedia. 1913, has 1t |
that the word is compounded Of the
simple English pick Ito choose) and
nick lin the nick Of time, on the spur
Of the momenU. In France the term
s also used for indoor picnlcs.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
s.,. ay2Iiye Dromo Ouinine
Cures u Cold in One Day. Grip in Days
g. MA,s,~>ss bon: ever: e:
CASTING LOTS.
Curious Military Custom That Was
Once In Vogue In Europe.

In the armies of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries the custom of cast.
ing lots to decide what soldiers should
be punished for the offcnscs of all was
common. Al Winchester, England, in
1913, complaint was made that after
the surrenL there had been unfair
plum 'ng. Six soldiers were tried
anu 80 III guilty. ana it was decided
by lot which one of the six should be
hanged. At Tangicr In tar,. and
again in 1868. two soldiers had to cast
dice on Il drumhead. and lie who threw
the least was executed. Thomas Mays
translation of Barclays Icon Ami.
morum' gives Il curious story OF this
sort Speaking Of English courage, he
says that during the war Ia the Neither.
lands some soldiers of the Spanish
party were taken prisoners by the
Dutch, who decided to make reprisals
for the previous cruelty OF their en-
emics. out of four and twenty men
eight were to be hanged There were
lots, therefore, thrown into n helmet"
says May, land the prisoners were
commanded to draw their fortunes
whoever should draw blank was to |
escape but whoever should draw q |
black lot was TO be hanged presently.
They were ALL" says May, possess
ed with II great apprehension of their
present danger, especially one Span
lard. Their pitiful wishes and tears In
some Of the ISLANDERS by did move pity,
IN others laughter. There was besides
n that danger an Englishman. n COM
non soldier. who with careless coun.
enancc. expressing no fear of death at
III, came boldly to the helmet and drew
lis lot. Glance favored him: il was
afc lot. Ec.ng free himself from dan
,er he came to the Spaniard. who was
ct tlmorous and trembling to put his
land into the fatal helmet. and recciv-
ng from him 10 crowns he cntrcated
he judges-oh, horri1 audacity- that,
ismisslng the Spaniard. they would
ulfer him again to try his fortune"
May further relates that "the judges {
onsented to the madmans request, =
Tho valued his life at so low rate,
nd he again drew q safe lot" May
GEMS rather 10 regret the second es-
lpe of the foolhardy Englishman.
HON he denounces as ~ wretch I'M .
'orthy not only OF that double, but
zen OF single preservation who so
lsely had UNDERMINED his life"
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
HACKNEY COACHES.
They We're First Used In London In
the Seventeenth Century.

In letter dated April |. 1899, Mr..
Garrard writing to the Earl of STRAIT
ford, says: Here Is one Captain Baily.
He hath been sea captain. but now
lives in London. where he tries expert
ments. He hath erected according to
his ability some four hackney coaches.
put his men in Il livery and appointed
them to stand at the Maypole in the
Strand, giving them instructions at
what rate to carry men into several
parts OF the town. where all day they
may be had.
"Other hackney men seeing this way,
they flocke;! to the same place and per.
formed their Journeys at the same rate.
SO that sometimes there are twenty Of
them together, which dispense I'D and
down.
Citizen shopkeepers bitterly CON-
plalned Of this. saying:
"Formerly when ladies and gentle
men walked in the streets there was
chance OF customers. but now they
wnisk past in the coaches before our
apprentices have time to cry out,
What dye lackY"
The word cab. Il contraction of cabri-
olet, was not used until 1923.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
VERMONT ROADS.
states Unique System For Aiding In
Highway Improvement

states Unique System For Aiding In
Highway Improvement.
The Vermont system of state aid for
highway Improvement is unique and
specially adapted to rural towns, SAYS
a writer In Good Roads Magazine. No
| debt is incurred. a money state tax Is
annually assessed and apportonment
made TO the towns on a basis of road
mileage. Towns receive money on GER
tiiicate of the state highway commits
sion that such town has expended the
amount in permanent road work nc
cording to specifications and regua-
lions made by the state commissioner
and to his satisfaction. Thus every
town Is benefited by section Of I'M
proved road each year. The type Of
road is tclford base with gravel sur
face.
The amount expended in 1908 WAS
S9O,eO6.5O There were built 02.S miles.
1913 of which has telford foundation:
also LOGS culverts Of stone and tile.
The amount OF state road fund for 1901
will be about $4,000
We are not building macadam roads,
but type Of road costing very much |
less. seldom more than $1,000 per mile. |
These roads are entirely satisfactory. |
as more comfortable for horses to tray. |
ell upon. comparatively free from the
inipalpab!e dust Of mac
adam road and the expense of main
tanning reduced to the minimum. usu.
ally from $40 to 81 per mile per year
As will be seen. state aid is extended
to every town We are gradually and
surely improving the main roads In
every part OF the state. with the result
Of good country roads generally.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
WOMAN.

What Is woman? Only one Of ma
lures agreeable blunders.-Bulwer.
A beautiful woman Is the only tyrant
man Is not authorized to resist.-Victor
Hugo.
Unhappy Is the man to whom his
own mother has not made all other
mothers Observation-Disclosures.
The best thing know OF Is a fust
rate wife. AMI the next best thing Is n
second rate one.-Josh Billings.
A beautiful woman Is practical
poem. planting tenderness. hope and
cloqucnce In all whom she approaches.
Emerson.
They govern the world, these sweet
voiced women. because beauty and
harmony are the index Of larger fact
than wisdom.-O. w. Holmes.
A cool book and good woman are
excellent things for those who know
bow to appreciate their value. There
are men. however, who Judge of both
by the beauty of the covering. - Dn
Johnson.
Lexington gazette. [volume] (Lexington, Va.) 1871-1962, 1904-08-17
We Mean Well.

Heaven send that no friend with n
pOcketful of pebbles be tempted by the
shine and glimmcr Of our glass houses.
for indeed we meant Welt Here II is
the knowledge In which Imagination
must take root II stone throwing Is
ever TO go out OF fashion and the world
become pleasant place TO live in
namely. that most everybody else
means well too. The creed of the i'm
aglnatlve and kindly heart which will
not throw stones Is brief
There is so much good In the worst Of us,
There is 30 much bad In the best Of us,
That II III becomes any one OF us
To talk about the rest Of us
unless we can do 1t with truth and
other words, with mag
acknowledgement Deland In Harper's
Bazaar.