The daily morning journal and courier., 1904-04-07

gan builder has been a great help to him." He smiled broadly as he drew the cotton cloth back over the keys.
 .SThe rapidity of response" he contin- ued. when the keys are touched is a ed in two ways; by having the key board connected electrically with the device which supplies air to the pipes. or by the tubular pneumatic system. Both these systems are in use in the churches in this city. In some in- stances. when. for example. the church organ is split into units, one on each side of the chancel. and one in the loft over the door. 1t is deemed better to op- crate the remote unit, the loft organ, by means of electrical contact, than by the tubular pneumatic process, owing to the weighty mass of tubing this would re- quire and the great amount of friction which would be provoked in the tubes. In the tubular pneumatic system an electric motor beneath the organ pumps air into a main bellows where it is re- duced to a compression of eight inches. Thence it is tubed into the various parts Q4 tiiC OA 3dAtt Afic Wliiu tllGSlc UT icSCi- voirs, and applied at about a four-inch pressure.
 THE PIPES FOR AIR SUPPLY.
 From the reservoirs the air passes t the speaking pipes through a system of supply pipes. A motor system of small air-tight tubes, in which the air is un- de; compression, connect the manuals 41@ 1e ol pipes. Where a key is depressed the pressure in the corresponding tube is instantly reduced by permitting an es- cape of some of the confined air; com munication with the speaking pipe is instantly opened. and the desired note is produced. This is the reason that the notes respond so quickly when the keys are touched. and the rapidity with which a scale, for instance, may be run, depends now solely upon the skill, the manual dexterity of the organist."
 The organ builder was asked concern ing the use of both wood and metal pipes in an organ, and he replied;
 Wood is used for about one-fourth of the pipes in large church organ be- cause there are certain tones which can- not be produced by metal pipes. The 1 flute tones, for example, are always made with wooden pipes, and, in order to save both weight and expense, the large bass pipes are also of wood. The largest of these pipes is thirty-two feet long, and about two feet by eighteen inches in section. This is the pipe one feels rather than hears when it is sounded. The smallest pipe is half an inch long, and of the diameter of slen- der slate pencil. It occurs in the piccolo stop, and is very like bird note. The tuning of this mass of pipes is a very delicate operation, as a skilful ear is re quired to detect the true note from that which is an almost infinitesimal tone off the true.
 LITTLE IMPROVEMENT IN STOPS.
 For the last two hundred years there has been little or no improvement in the foundation stops of the organ. Tones are produced to-day by the identical i methods employed by Schmidt. Schnei- der and Harris when they built the first notable organs in England, about 1860. And, by the way, foundation work put in by these men still exists, and is the ladmiration of all organ builders. In later years a great many so-called fancy stops have been added to the or- gan, but, substantially. there has been no development of the centuries-old lmethod of tone production,
 "The first organ used in New York was brought from England in 172O, and presented to the Consistory7 of the 1 Dutch church by Governor Burnet. Jo- ham GottIab Klemm, a native of Dres- den, who studied organ building under the noted Silverman. was the first to build an organ in America. This was in 17S6, and he built it in a small shop in Philadelphia. The first four-manual organ built in this country was erected in 1850 in Boston. "--New York Evening Post.