davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
Duluth Wheat and Flax.

Duluth, Feb. 23-Wheat-In store
No. ] hard, s1.011s; No. Northern,
995sc; No. 2 Northern, 97kc On
track-No. / hard, $1.011A; No. l
Northern, 995sc; No. 2 Northern,
971@c; May, 995sc; July, 995sc; Sept,
90Bc. Flax-In store, on track and
to arrive, SLIT; May, $1.191a; July,
81 20 Mc
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
st. Paul Union Stock Wards

st. Paul, Feb. 23.-Cattle-Good to
choice steers. $3.70@5.O0; common to
fair, $3.25@3.65; good to choice cows
and heifers, $2.7O@3.25; veals, $3.50
@5.25. Hogs-S4.75@5.40, Sheep
Good to choice lambs, $5.OO@5.5O;
good to choice yearling wethers, $3.50
M5 90
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
CHICAGO Union Stockvards.

Chicago, Feb. 23-Cattle- to
prime steers, $5.00@5.75; poor to me-
dunn, .S5.50@4.80; stockers and feed
ers, $2.50@4.15; COWS, $1.6O@4.O0;
heifers, $2.0O@4.75; calves, $500
700. Hogs-Mixed and butchers, $5.15
@5.65; good to choice heavy, $500
$50; rough heavy, $520@5.5O; light,
$4.90@5.25. Sheep-Good to choice
wethers, $$4.25@4.60; Western sheep,
$4.10@5.15; native lambs, $4.50@6.O0;
Western, $5.25@6.15.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
DOUBLE TRAGEDY IN TEXAS.

N. Harmer Kills His Wife and Ends
His Own Life.
San Antonio, Tex, Feb. 24.-N. Har-
mer, formerly Of Malta, O., last night
shot and killed his wife and then COM
mltted suicide by shooting himself
through the heart.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Minneapolis Wheat.

Minneapolis, Feb. Wheat May,
$1.00: July, $1.o0; Sept, 97%c. On
track-No. l hard, $1.01h; No.
Northern, $1,000; No. 2 Northern,
973sc; No. Northern, 94h@96kc.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
CHICAGO Grain and Provisions.

Chicago, Feb. 23.-Wheat = May,
$1.04: July, 93,4c; old, 94@94Mc;
Sept, $3.50; old, S9Ac old, 89Ac Corn
Feb. SIZE; May, 55%c; July, 54%
@54Ac: Sept, $3.50. Oats-May,
44%c; July, 41Ac; Sept, $3.50. Pork
May, $15.671@; July, $15.721a. Flax
Cash, Northwestern, $1.1S1a; South
western, SLIP; Feb, SLIP; May,
$1.14h. Butter = Creameries, 800
251ac; diaries. 1872 @22c. Eggs-27c.
Poultry--Turkeys, 12c: chickens, 11@
11kc; springs. 111ac.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
FIGHT A PITCHED BATTLE.

WINES ana Blacks Clash With Fatal
Results in Texas.
Bryan, Tex, Feb. 24.-In a pitched
Dattie between whites and blacks near
MadlsonV1lle, Sam Seay, a prominent
young man, was killed and several
otner whites were wounded. One ne
gro mas been captured and placed in
jail and parties are searching for the
otnefs. Great excitement prevails
here.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
MILE Laos COUNTY.

TOWN CLERKS.
5ogus Brook,O. r. Gustafson Princeton
5reenbush-R. A Ross -. ....... Princeton
Hayland,Alfred F. Johnson Milaca
, ,sie aar6or7Otto A. Haggberg $780,. Isle
Milo-R. N. Atkinson ......... Eoresaoa
Princeton.Otto Henschel Pr1neeton
H ss Archer. .::.....,........V ineiand
East Side-Ge W. Freer 0ns Ies6
0nam1a-Arthur Wiseman .Onamia
Page-August Anderson. Pa1o
=, VILLAGE RECORDERS.
n II Eosr ..................P Princeton
" - IOoo. .'.'....... .......... .Milaca
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
NEIGHBORING TOWNS.

saldW1n-H. B. Fisk pr,,co+o,
Slue H1ll.Thomas E. Brown. ....... Princeton
W 1Peacef BROOKS: c. Smith. Spencer Brook
L1vonia-Chas. E. Swanson .Zimmerman
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25
Grain and Produce Market,

PRINcEToN
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-02-25

MINNESOTA,
County of Mile Laos SIS.
,sos b. =. Whitney being by first duly sworn de-
poses ana says that he is the county auditor of the
county OF Mile Laos. State OF Minnesota that he has
examined the foregoing list and knows the contents
thereof and that the list of taxes
nnquent Tor the year therein appearing upon
real estate IN said county, except such pieces or
OF land as have heretofore been bid in by the
not assigned by it or redeemed - 'A0 N'"'o w
E. E. WHITNEY.
Subscribed and to before me this aoth dav of
January, 1901 T. s RRIGGS "S VI
loeaLJ Clerk of the District Court
Mile Laos County, Minnesota
fed IN the Office of the clerk of the district court in
hu tor Inc comfy OF Mile Laos, State Minnesota
Inls ootn Gay OF January, 1904, l.. S. BRIGGS
Clerk of District Court
Fed IN the office of the county auditor in and for the
of February, 1904. E. b. WH1rNEY %" Jay
l1AuulIor oeal.] County Auditor.
NOTE-Add 27 cents per description CLERKS fees and
auVertlsng) to amounts stated above list
sending payments of taxes. A' "0n
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1904-04-14

induced to produce more; A., with
out change in method or pay; B.,
by putting him on piecework, and
c., by the adoption of the plan
under discussion. Actuated by
this incentive, they each complete
the ten articles in eight hours,
whereas they had taken ten hours
under the original conditions.
For the eight hours labor A.
receives $40 while the cost of
production is "a cents per unit.
B. receives So for This eight
hours, or an average of 37a cents
per hour, while the cost of pro-
duction remains at 80 cents per
unit.
G. receives the agreed. wage .of
80 cents per hour, or $40 for the
eight hours worked, and, since the
reduction in time amounts to 20
per cent of the time allowed, he
has earned a premium equivalent
to 20 per cent of the $40 earned
for the time worked, which pre-
MUM amounts to 48 cents, max
ing a total earnings of $2.08. and
as a consequence the employers
wage cost to produce amounts to
% As cents per unit.
Conditions demanding a still
further increased output, the men
are induced to- produce twenty
pieces each in ten hour shift,
for which A. receives the regula-
ton So, the wage cost of produc-
ton being Is cents per unit. B.,
working under the plecework agree
ment, receives an average of 60
cents per hour, or SIS for his ten
hours labor, and the wage cost to
produce remains-mark you-at
80 cents per unit.
c., working in accord with the
premium plan, receives the guar
anteed 30 cents per hour, or So
for the ten hours worked, and,
since the time allowed in which to
produce ten pieces has been low
cred so per cent, he has earned a
premium equivalent to so per cent
of the So earned for the time act
ually worked, which premium
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1904-04-14
Hpril as a Birth Month.

Among inventors and innovators
April is favorite month for birth
days. It begins with Harvey, who
discovered the circulation of the
blood, and it has Hahnemann with
his homeopathy, Gassiot with his
water battery, Morse with his
anesthetics and Lord Lister with
his antiseptic dressing, says the
London Chronicle. Two inventors
Of looms figure on the months
list, where Isambard Brunei and
Marconi also appear. Innovators
like Mahomet and General Booth
jostle together on their birthdays,
with lola and Hobbies not John
Oliver), with Sir Robert Peel,
Inauguration of hobbies and peelers,
with Froebel Of the kindergarten,
Mary Carpenter of the reforma-
tories, and Mary Woolstonecraft,
the pioneer of the new woman.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1904-04-14

amounts to ST. so, or total of $3.50
earned in the ten hours. In this
case the wage cost to produce
and I particularly direct your at
tention to this-is 22a cents per
unit. A direct saving to the en-
ployer of y cents per unit in the
cost of production, and that too
after giving the employed the in
centive of a so per cent increase as
compared with the day work agree
ment previously existing.
Now, admitting that the day
work plan is unsatisfactory in that
it offers no incentive to the
workman to not only do the best
of which he is capable, but also to
reduce the cost of production
in proportion as the output and
his earnings are increased, and as
between the premium and piece
work plans, I ask you candidly,
does the decision for equity and
fairness not manifestly lie with
the former? A. KsAR BEN.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1904-04-14
Gle premium System Of :
= Remuneratin9 Labor

in less than the specified time he
becomes entitled to a premium,
varying in amount with the time
actually saved. If the task re-
quires longer than the time pro-
vided the workman is still entitled
to his regular hourly rate of wages,
so that Indifference how limited the
time allowed for a job the hourly
rate Of wages at least will be paid
while the workman is occupied
with that job, thereby preventing
a premium on one particular piece
of work being forfeited through
failure to earn a premium on an
other.
It will be evident from the fore
going that while workman may
increase his wages he cannot lose
money by the introduction of the
system, which, to my mind, pos
sesses two cardinal advantages:
(1) It enables a workman to in
crease his earnings by his own in
dividual effort, such increment be-
ing Immediately added to his wa
ges, as the accrued premiums are
paid to the workman each pay day.
~ The increased wages, inciden-
tai to an increased output, means
also a proportionate reduced cost
of production to the employer.
It will be noticed that the pre-
MUM system resembles the piece
work plan in that extra exertion
entails a reward, but differs from
it in that the premium plan pro-
vides no penalty for failure to at
tain the expected output, whereas
by piecework the remuneration
fluctuates wholly in accordance
with the outturn. Considered sole
ly from the viewpoint Of the work
man, one commendable feature of
the plan under discussion abides
in the fact that the ordinary rate
of wages is always assured.
OF course it is understood that
habitual failure on the part Of a
workman to complete the requi-
site minimum amount of work
would naturally bring the delin-
quent to the notice of the fore
man. Should investigation dis
close that the standard had been
fixed too high, it would be reduced
and more time would be allowed
for the work. On the other hand,
if the fault was found to lie with
the workman 1t would naturally
follow that he would be replaced
with one more competent to per-
form the work.
It might be assumed that if GER
tain workmen of presumably equal
ability and energy had repeatedly
completed a certain amount of
work in ten hours that such
amount of work might, with rea-
son, be taken to represent a fair
days work, all things being equal.
Let us suppose, however, that as
matter Of fact it represents only
eight hours fair work, and that two
conscientious workmen newly en-
ployed are given similar work, one
being employed by the day and
the other one on the piecework
basis. Let us assume that each
completes the work in eight hours.
What is the result? Simply this:
in the first mentioned case the
benefit all goes to the employer;
in the latter it all goes to the
workman. Under the premium
system, on the other hand, the re-
sultant good is shared mutually,
the workman receiving a higher
wage per hour and the employer
getting his product at CORE
spondingly lower cost per unit.
The relative proportion received
NV each is nothing more than a
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1904-04-14
L2z;k}f9.IH x
,skaAAa

sOd OF remuneratlng productive ID
Dor: certainly none is more de.
serving of the closest study.
Of the two systems more gen
orally in vogue today, viz, day
work and piecework, men best in,
formed are agreed that each is
characterized by serious defects
and glaring Inconsistencies. Stu
dents of industrial conditions do
not hesitate to predict that at nc
distant period they will both have
become obsolete.
Innumerable attempts have been
made to modify or revise these
systems by the installation OF
some so-called profit sharing
scheme, but in most cases such eff
forts have, at best, been attended
by Indifferent success, due more to
individual circumstances and local
conditions than to any basic ele-
ment Of equity. or fairness inner
ent in the methods themselves.
After all has been said in their
favor there remains the fact that
they are fundamentally lacking in
the recognized principles of sound
business, hence their adaptability
lis largely question of propitious
conditions and their adoption an
experiment at best.
The system of fixed daily or
hourly wage is fundamentally de-
fective in that it offers no incen-
tive to the workman to strive for
the best of which he is capable
that is, to produce in a satisfac-
tory way his maximum output
within a minimum period of time.
The eradication of this fatal de-
fleet is, to an .apprcciable extent,
accomplished by the piecework
plan, but it ignores the interests
>of the employer in that an in
creased output, for which the
workman receives an increased
wage, does not carry with it pro-
portionate decrease in the cost of
production.
During recent years factory man.
agers have displayed no little in
Herest in the introduction of the
premium system of remunerating
labor; a system the most commend
able feature of which is that it,
more than any other yet devised,
essays to make fair and equita-
: BILE division of the benefits accru-
ing from an increased outturn,
and that too without the least sug-
gestion of charitable donations
and with no resulting sense of OBJ.
legation on either side.
It owes it's initiation to British
enterprise and, having passed the
experimental stage, the system has
been installed in many represent
alive plants throughout America
and other countries. While man
ifestly not the ne plus ultra of the
wage phase as applied to the labor
problem it at least appears to be
productive of eminently crafty
ing results and, to that extent at
beast, is evidently a step in the
direction of it's ultimate solution.
Wholly unlike the piecework
plan, the basic principle of which
consists of fixed remuneration
per article, the premium system
provides for a standard wage and,
i'm addition thereto, offers a pre-
MUM, or bonus, as an incentive for
the operator to increase the out
put. It's salient features may be
briefly described thus: Each man
is paid regular hourly rate of
wages. When a piece of work is
issued to the workman a certain
amount of time is allowed him to
complete it. Should he finish it
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1904-04-14

than the operators possible max
imum outputs yet, on the basis
Of previous records, recognized as
fair days work If, through un-
usual endeavor, increased diligence,
or closer attention., the workman
increases the amount of his out
put, it Of course logically follows
that the actual value Of his time to
his employer has appreciated, and
this the premium plan seeks to
take cognizance of and suitably
reward. To admit the increased
value and pay for it in direct pro-
portion to its excess over the value
of the ordinary days work is sure
ly clear cut businesslike prop
osition.
Under the premium system not
only is the wage cost per article
materially reduced without fric-
tion with the workers, but saving
which is often far greater is ef-
fscted through the consequent re-
duction in cost debited to that
portion of labor known as non
productive, which has to be de-
frayed IN every factory, whether
working to it's normal capacity or
not.
Let us consider briefly two dis
tinct methods of calculating the
premium, in actual practice, for
the purpose of illustrating the sys-
tenn and its elasticity. The first
is simple in the extreme: 1t pro-
vides for an equal division between
master and man of the value of
the time actually saved. While
slightly more complicated the sec
ond method enjoys the distinction
of being more universally en-
ployed, and it's cardinal feature
abides in the fact that it is so de-
signed that the worker is precluded
from earning what is known as
double pay; that is, he cannot
possibly earn two hours standard
pay by extraordinary endeavor of
one hours duration. Under this
method the amount of premium
will bear the same relation to the or
binary wages due forthe time taken
to complete the work, as the time
saved bears to the time allowed.
For instance, suppose man is al
lowed eight hours in which to doa
certain piece of work and he COM
pletes it in six hours; he effects
saving equal to two-eighths or 25
per cent for the time actually
worked; that is, at 30 cents per
hour the operator would receive
$3.50 as time wages for the six
hours worked and, in addition
thereto, a premium equivalent to
Is per cent of that amount, which
would be As cents, or a total of
1926 cents for the six hours act
ually worked. In other words, un-
der this method the time required
multiplied by the time saved, and
that product divided by the time
allowed will give the premium in
hours, which when multiplied by
the rate per hour will show the
amount of premium earned in dol
lars and cents.
I realize very fully that arith-
metical preacbments are nothing
if not wearisome; they are partic-
ularly SO when presented through
the medium of tyro and from a
theoretical viewpoint. Some sage
has said that while any fool could
make figures lie it requires wise
man to make them tell the truth.
You are at liberty, fguratively
speaking, to draw your own con-
illusions in the present instance,
and in the meantime [ beg your
indulgence for just a few moments
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1904-04-14
Paper Read Before the Chaaauquo Circle.

f THE various veXatious
pro bic ms confronting
the component elements
Of industrial life today,
few if any have received
more earnest considera-
ton than the question
involving the best meth
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1904-01-13

The flowery meads. the verdant hills,
me fragrant woods, the spreading SEAS,
Inc fertile plains. the laughing rills
And snowy peaks combined to please.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1904-01-13
LONDON BOOK THIEVES.
An Evil That Causes the Booksellers
Much Annoyance and Pecu-
MARY Loss,

1t is not generally known that the wire
"cages" which have lately become feat
ure OF many booksellers outside shelves
are intended as protection against
theft. Booksellers ar1 particular suf-
ferers in this respect, says London
Academy and Literature. One would
hardly have suspected it, seeing that
books seem hardly adapted 10 conven-
lent barter and are certainly of 70 use
when Loiled down. Books are not in
trinsically valuable, but in these days OF
big discounts when the Thirteenth to
the dozen" so often affords the booksel-
Ter his sole chance of profit, the loss of
even single volume is matter of con-
sideration. These depre6ations appea,
in many instances to be committed by
well-dressed persons OF the .'klepto-
maniac class, but in many instances
the professional gentry are not above
directing their attention to the book
sellers Not long since well-known
H. all c<>li~.. :>AL
lawfully deprived of a whole stock of
magazines which rested on the counter
outside his shop. All attempts to dis
cover the author or authors of this theft
proved fruitless.
Some few years ago bookseller in
Manchester, who had provided himself
with 300 copies of a shilling almanac i'll
lustrated. by Kate Grttnaway, was
gratified to find his stock exhausted al
most within week. He was subsequent
ly visited by would-be purchaser, who
rendered three pence and demanded as
many copies of the almanac. In re-
Spouse to the booksellers protest, the
customer informed him that copies OF
the almanac were being sold at that mo-
ment in cadilly-Picca6illy Man
chester-at a penny apiece. Inquiry
not only proved this statement to be
quite correct, but ELECTED the fact that
the books in question We're the stolen
property of this very bookseller. 1t is
pleasing to learn that the book thief does
not always get off scot free. Mr.. Rumpus,
of Holborn, captured thief only six
months ago, and he went to hard labor.
Another thief was caught red-handed
in Fleet street even more recently.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1904-01-13

Inc FERTILE plains, the laughing rills
And snowy peaks combined to please.
contentment, full and deep and sweet,
was over all that crawled and crept.
BetWeen the drowsy tigers feet
The hare lay down and calmly slept.
Then Coo, the Maker. standing there,
Became perpleXed and shook His head.
The world that 1 have made is fair,
Nor might be more sublime" He said.
S'But if in such realm as this
set up man to proudly reign,
How should he dream of future bliss
And future gories to attain?
Here. mid the beautiful and grand,
From sorrows left forever free,
Ills highest hopes would center, and
Down here his paradise would be-
Therefore, that man might never deem
The world sufficient to his need
And so that Heaven should be supreme
The Lord created Greed
IS. e. Kiser, in Chicago Record Herald
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1904-01-13
CARS COOLED BY AIR.
by the Motion of the Wheels
in Transit.

In recent years there have been vast
improvements in the methods of refrig-
Grating railway cars for the transporta-
ton OF perishable goods, such as fruits.
vegetables, eggs and meats. The fire.
quent icing OF refrigerating cars en-
route constitutes one of the largest items
OF expense in the handling of perish
able freight. Whenever trains carrying
refrigerating car arrive at certain
designated stations they are halted for
the refilllng OF the ice chests of the cold
storage cars.
A Philadelphia inventor conceived the
idea OF applying mechanical refrigera-
ton to such railroad cars, depending
upon the car axles to furnish the neces-
sary power for compression purposes.
lnasmuch as Thanksgiving systems in
Vulnerable have been devised, ard prac-
tlcally operated on this principle, it is
only a question of mechanical details
TO similarly operate a refrigerating sys-
ten. The sides of the cars are lined
with refrigerating coils containing COM
pressed carbonic acid gas or carbonic
dloXlde. A tank carried on the roof
OF the car supplies water for the con-
denslng purposes, its effectiveness being
enhanced by the use of an absorbent
covering for the condensing pipes. The
problem of furnishing reservoir of
cooled material to supply the necessary
cooling while the car is at standstill
on side tracks or at terminals or wait
Ing on belt lines has been solved by the
use OF brine-filled tanks located at the
ends OF the cars.
The expansion coils are immersed in
these brine baths, reducing the tempera-
lure OF the brine sufficiently so that the
RADIATION from the tank into the car
maintains the car at the temperature
desired, the capacity of the compress
or being sufficient to furnish sur
plus OF refrigeration beyond that neces-
safy 1or the maintenance of proper
temperature while the car is in motion.
An automatically temperature controll-
Ing door is also embraced in the inyen-
tlon. Its function is to prevent the car
from attaining too low temperature.
which in the handling of some classes
OF goods, notably fruits, would be as
fatal as too high a temperature. This
door opens into the atmosphere at
predetermined temperature, through
the medium of thermostat automat-
lcally closing again Whenever the tenn
perature has risen to the proper point.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1904-01-13
Jupiter.. Atmosphere.

Owing to the high gravitation, the
atmosphere of such planets as Jupiter
and Saturn is very dense, and so loaded
with opaque particles that we cannot
see through it to the body of the planet
within. But though the body is be-
You'd our scrutiny we can infer that it
is very hot. even at the surface; for
If the solar system is formed (as is as
sumed) by condensation of nebula, the
heat of condensation must be proper
tionately greater and longer retained in
a large world than in small one. Thus.
for the purpose of life on these great
planets, the energy radiating from with
in may be available and, indeed, may
largely exceed the energy received from
the sun at so great distance.