Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1904-05-26
stanley,s Life Work.
Word has been received from Englau

Livingstone, in relieving whom he nrsr
started to explore the dark continent
in 1871, Stanley spent the best years OF
his life travelling through tropical
iungles and tracing out lakes and rivers
in the very heart Of Africa, and to him
is due the credit for solving her most
puzzling geographical problems.
Stanley's life history reads like a
romance. Born of Welsh parentage in
1871. his father, John Rowlands, dying
when he was but two years Old the lad
took to the sea at the age of sixteen,
and worked his passage on sailing
vessel to New Orleans Here ne OBJ
tanned employment from merchant
named Stanley, who befriended him,
and whose name young Rowlands as
sumed in recognition of many benefac-
lions. When the civil war occurred, he
enlisted in the Confederate army, and
he was taken prisoner at the battle OF
Shiloh. He escaped, however, and re-
turned to his Welsh home. The next
year 1853 he returned to America, and
Joined the Federal navy. He served ON
the flagship ,"Ticonderoga, soon attain
ing the position of secretary to the ad-
miral, and afterward, on account OF
great gallantry in swimming 500 yards
under fire and fixing line to Confed-
crate steamer, he was made an officer
After the war he left the navy, and en-
gagged in work as a newspaper cores
pondent. In 1868 he accompanied the
British expedition to Abyssinia under
Sir Robert Napier, acting as CORES
pondent of the New York Herald. The
following year the same newspaper sent
Stanley on trip through various coun-
tries of the East, and in February, 81,
he left Zanzibar with two hundred III en-
in search of Livingstone. On Noyem Jer
10 of that same year, he found Living
stone at Ujiji, or Lake TaDganylka, IN
an almost helpless condition. After
nursing him back to health, and max
some explorations with him around the
northern end of the lake, Stanley re-
turned to Europe the following year.
In 1873 he went to West Africa, to re
port the campaign against the Ashantls.
The death of Livingstone in Africa on
Nav /, 1873, and the interment OF his
remains in Westminster Abbey IN April
of the following year, made Stanley
once more eagar to attack the problems
of the dark continent" He was again
sent out by the New York Herald and
the London Daild Telegraph, and he
left Bagamoyo, near Zanzibar, with BOT
men including three white mem on
November -, 1874. The first great
work he accomplished was boat survey
of the shores Of the Victoria Nyanza
Following this he discovered Lake Al
bert Edward, and found it to be one oi
| the head reservoirs of the Nile. de alsC
| found the Kagera, or Alexandra Nile
/ to be the main source of supply OF VIC
toria Nyanza. In 1876 he sought IN yalI
the outlet of Lake Tanganyika, as th'
| level of this lake was then too low fol
| water to flow through its outlet, th'
| Lukuga, into the Congo. Although th'
expedition was greatly depleted by fevel
and smallpox, the intrepid STANLEY
| travelled westward to Nyangwe on thu
Lualaba, which Livingstone and Cam
eron had visited before, and then he de
termined to follow the river to 1T
mouth. Fighting his way westwarf
/ through tribes of ferocious cann1bals
he succeeded in making the 1,500-mil'
trip on the river which, upon his arriva
at Bona, August 0, 1877, he found to b.
the Congo. This was Stanley's creates
discovery, for he proved that the Lua
laba and the Congo were one. Th'
Journey cost him his three white com
panions and 170 porters, and he was ex
actly 999 days from the time he lef
Bagamoyo until he reached Bona
Early in 1879 Stanley again went t
Africa, this time for the purpose 0
founding the Congo Free State, making
treaties with the natives and planting
stations ON the Congo from Vivi t
Stanley Falls, about 1, 300 miles up tn
river.
Stanley remained FIVE years in Afri
ca this time, in order to accomplish al
mission. He made treaties with 40
native chiefs, and in order to reach tn
upper part of the river, his native por
tiers had to carry all his supplies ant
steamboats, in sections for 235 mile
around the rapids.
The great explorer made his fina
crossing of Africa during the two year
from 1887 to 1889. This time he con
Quoted an expedition in aid of Emil
Pasha, the Governor OF the Egyptian
Soudan, who had been cut or by upris
ings Of the natives from communica
ton with the civilized world. Ascend
ing the Congo as far as Its tributary
the Aruwimi, Stanley followed this rlv
er to its source, and then cut his wa
for months through well-nigh intermin
able tropical forests to the Albert Ny
anza, which he finally reached Decem
ber 13, nine months from the time n
started. SO hard had Oeen the Journe.
that 215 out of $50 natives that began |
with Stanley perished on the way. whil
the ia that were left were mere skele
tons In April, 1898, Emin Pasha ap
peared at Stapley's camp ON the shor
lof Albert Nyanza. The explorer thei
tretraced his steps through the grea
forest. in order to bring back from tn
head of navigation of the Aruwimi,
detachment of men be had left there
Taking with him the few he founC
alIue, he fought his way through th'
250 miles of jungles for the third time
and again Joined Emin Pasha in Janu
Iary, 1889, and conducted him to Zanzi
bar. In this expidition Stanley made
his second journey across the continent
and, besides discovering the extent o
the great forest the water connection
between Lake Albert Edward and Al
bert Nyanza, and the snow-capped Ru
wenZori mountain chain that separates
them, he accomplished the main pur
pose of his expeditition-the findiug O
Emin Pasha
Stanley's success with rhe natives il
Africa was largely due to his patience
kindness, and tact. On account o
these qualities, he was able to inspire
confidence and win friendship rapidly
His planting of colonies on the Congo
and opening of this great highway tt
trade, was one of his greatest achieve
this great river from its scource to i'll
mouth-which is graphically described
in Through the Dark Continent
was undoubtedly his greatest. Tht
finding of Emin Pasha terminated hi
life Of exploration. After returning tx
England of which country he became {
naturalized citizen in 1892, he was
made Knight, and he devoted hi'
time to writing of his travels. ''Ir
Darkest Africa, My Dark Conpan
ions.' and Through South Africa
are the titles Of some of his best known
later works. Sir Henry married Nh:
Tenant, the artist, in 1890.
A movement is on foot TO inter The
body of the great explorer beside thai
| of Livingstone in Westminster Abbey
and it seems to us that no mere fitting
place could be found than one beside
the first great African missionary and