davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Elks for Cincinnati.

The local Lodge of Elks will be
interested in an outline of the
plans for the Elks Reunion to be
held in Cincinnati the week of
July 18. Cincinnati Lodge claims
it will be the greatest Reunion in
the history of the order, and that
the scheme of entertainment for
visitors is the most elaborate ever
attempted.
More than 100000 has not only
been subscribed, but paid to the
Reunion Committee by citizens.
This will be spent for entertain
ment and various prizes. The
Reunion Committee consists of 26
members of Cincinnati Lodge,
with August Hermann, recently
elected Exalted Ruler, as Chair
man. Assisting them is com
mittee of 100 prominent citizens
and n Ladies' Reception Committee
of so. From reports received at
Reunion headquarters it is believ-
ed 10000 Elks and 5000 ladies will
attend.
The formal opening will be the
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Meat Market.
Excursions Via c. & M. V. r. r.

Winona Assembly, Winona Lake
Ind. Tickets sold during the
season 1904, good returning Is
days from date of sale.
M. E. Church conference, Los
Angeles Cal.
May Music Festival, Cincinnati
Ohio. For dates, fares, etc., call
on ticket agents.
National Association of Manu-
facturers, Pittsburgh, Pa. Tick
cts sold May 10th to 18th, good
returning until May 21st.
Dayton, o., Annual Conference
German Baptist Brethren at
Hams, o., Tickets sold May 10
to May 21st.
Prohibition State Convention,
Columbus, o., tickets sold May
2Sth and S0th, good returning un-
til June 1st.
Grand Lodge X. of P, Grand
Temple Rathbone Sisters, Grand
Assembly Pythian Sisterhood, at
Cleveland, O., tickets sold June,
18th to 18th, good returning un-
til June 10th.
G. e. U. State Convention,
Akron, o., tickets sold June 23d,
Gath, good returning until June
9th.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Illegal Are Acts of the Justices.

Columbus, Ohio, April 28.--Un-
less Justices of the Peace of every
township of the state have been
reappointed by township trustees,
or city councils, their official acts
since April 16 are void and Illegal.
The terms of Office of Justices of
the Peace expired April 16. If
there had been spring election,
as heretofore, successors to the
Justices would have been elected.
The Chapman law abolished spring
elections, and provided for the APP
pointment Of successors to Justices
but the requirements have not come
to the attention of all the Squires
and many have been doing business
without authority.
Criminals who have been confn-
ed in jails or workhouses are held
without authority, and the mix-up
will involve perplexing questions
that only can be settled in courts
of law.
individuals have been held to be
guilty of crimes against the statu-
tes and personal liberty involved.
There is suggestion that in some
such cases the Justices themselves
may be held amenable to the Grim
inal laws.
There are many able lawyers
who hold that Justices of the
Peace hold over until their success
ors are elected and qualified. 1t
is said that the courts of Lima
have decided just such case. In
this instance, the township trus-
tees appointed new man Justice
of the Peace. The old incumbent
refused to turn over the records.
The matter was taken into court
and it was held that the incumbent
continued in office until January
of next year.,
An effort will be made to get a
test case into the courts and carry
it through to the Supreme Court
for final decision. Until that is
done the situation is very much up
in the air, and patrons of Justice
Courts will not know what to do.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
OBITUARY..

JAMES NELSON ACKER eld-
est son of William Trimmer Acker
and Mary Elizabeth Rosser, was
born In Saltcreek Township, Perry
County, Ohio, November 22nd,
1851, and died April Goth, 1904.
He was married to Effie Tennyhill
May 31st, 1876. To this union
were born three children, one
daughter and two sons, who are
left to mourn. Before their mar
riage both became members of the
NJ. E. Church.
In public and private life Mr..
Acker left a good record. He de-
monstrated the fact that man
can hold Office and still be upright
in every respect. He held faith
fully to life of prayer as the
great means to keep him right to-
ward God and toward men. He
was true to every trust committed
to him; loved his family fervently
and was one of the kindest of all
neighbors. His sudden departure
removes one of the strong moral
supports from our town and brings
ineXpressible sorrow to the friends.
Great sympathy is extended to the
family.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Arithmetic.
J. P. Nunemaker. Examiner


house sold?
will
When dscounirg month";
really making months?
II
will $25
come by nvestng In per cent stock at 20 cent premium?
annually? What is the simple
should
How in the field?
Find the weight and diameter Of ball lead Of specific gravity
will the which fills thirteenxenths rise
the
dealer received invoice of crockery
er cent invoice?
ncosed
o a silver dollar IL In.
travel, what his FIRST days journey?
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Grammar.
J. G. Stoughton, Examiner

J. c. Soughon, Examiner
What (b) How begin
2 adjective.
Name all speech that q
4 How Illustrate
G Name different classes abvsrba clauses.
Z In what personal pronouns
following:
ehallage idiom,
Diagram: Who's here base that would be a bondnan2
all words in the above
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Geography
J. G. stoughton, Examiner-

V6UBTdpNy
J. G. Stoughton, Examiner
Name Hooking County your
pupils
Hooking
Ohio that
supposed What are the
oldest HoW 8
s What 10 the dew point?
OF the United parallels
Compare st. Louis Chicago population
What is
Greenwich Pech Pembna
Narcotics.
J. G. Stoughton Examiner N
l Compare action OF alcohol " OF water
Has opium prhcpes
opium.
s low 8 obtainedY
What 5 absinthe? 9 cts the
Tell about chorahydrate
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
TEST QUESTIONS.
May Z 1904.
History.
II. B. Schaal, Examines

b.
English, Spanish explorers
Describe Bacon's Rebellion.
Tell about the First Continental Congress.
4 Describe Shays Rebellion.
give important fought Ohio.
Describe the Compromise of 1850
Describe the Treaty of Washington
Who fixes the members Congres What
ial privileges granted to them?
What the salary Congressman OF the Speaker the House
OF Vice President? OF Chief Justice?
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Probate Notice.

Notice is hereby given that the following
Accounts and Vouchers have been filed In
the Probate Court OF II ocking County, Ohio
for First Partial settlement John Hnnsel
OF Merton NJ. Hansel and New
man Hansel minors, and the same Will
come Oh for hearing on the 14th day OF May
u ID. 1901 ut 10 O'Clock A, NJ, or ms soon
thereafter as may be convenient.
+. p. MARTIN,
Apr. II, 3-w. Probate Judge.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Physiology
II. B. Schaal Examiner

Give the effects Of too much eating? or too little?
2 Describe the liver.
5 Describe the clotting of the blood.
4 Describe the respiratory center and its action.
Describe the effects of injury to the spinal cord.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Probate Court.

Notice is hereby given that the following
Accounts and Vouchers have been filed I'm
the Probate Court OF Hooking, Ohio, for first
and final settlement Jacob Kane executor
OF the viii and estate OF Zimri Kane deccas-
on the 2stb day OF May A. ID. 1901 Mt 10 O'Clock
A. NJ. or os soon ther, after as may be con-
venient.
+. P. MARTIN,
May 5, 3w. Probate Judge.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Probate Notice.

Notice is hereby given that the following
and Vouchers have been filed in
'or flrst and nnnl settlement James B.Hone
OF the estate of Daniel strait
dpcen sed, and the same Will come on for
hearing on the 10Th day OF Mny A. d. 1901 at
10 o'clock A, NJ. or ns soon thereafter as may
be convenient.
r. +. MARTIN,
May 8, yyv. Probate Judge.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Theory and Practice

Up. Nunemaker, Examiner
qualifications a successful
teacher.
What element
IAN a combined?
the 'rectaon?" The natur
order of development the faculties of
illustrate briefly lnductve teaching Deducive.
most employ?
with primary class? An advanced classa Why?
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Notice of Appointment.

Estate Of s. Seidenfeld decensed. The un-
dersigned has been appointed and qualified
as Executrix Of the VIII and of the Estate
OF $. Seidenfeld late OF Hooking County, de-
censed. Dated this Bird day of May A. ID.
1905. CLARA SEIDENFELD,
May 8, Sw. ENecutriX.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Probate Notice.

Notice Is hereby given that the following
Accounts and Vouchers have been filed in
the Probate Court OF Hooking County, Ohio,
for first and final settlement John Il. Bran
nan, executor OF the will and estate OF
Katharine st. Ledger, and the same Will
come on for hearing on the 9th day OF May
A. ID. 1901 at 10 O'Clock A. NJ. or rs soon there
after as may be convenient.
II. p. MARTIN,
April IA, 3w Probate Judge.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-05-12
Orthography.
H. B. Schaal, Examiner

Sclaa, Examiner-
Distinguish between letter.
Define What
When al re- following ee Big,
What do following
5 What punctuation? leading
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
A GREAT PROJECT.
Railway, 10000 Miles Long, Incor-
pornted-CapitaI $3.50, 100000.

Guthrie; Okla, Dec. 30.-The Pan
American Railway company, with head
quarters at Guthrie and with $3.50, OO0,-
900 capital stock to build a line from
Port Nelson on Hudson Bay in British
America to the Argentine Republic, was
chartered Tuesday. From Port Nelson
the road runs via Winnipeg, in Manitoba,
through the states of North and South
Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma,
Indian Territory and Texas, thence
through Mexico, Central America, the
Republic of Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
and Peru into the Argentine Republic;
"A branch line is provided, running from
Peru through Chill to Valparaiso. The
total length is 10000 miles. The in
corporators as named in the character are
w. B. and G. R. Davis, C.. D. Farmer, H.
G. lies and Edward Hillman, Of Arling-
ton, Okla.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
THE sMO0I. CASE.
investigation Into the Charges Made
Against Utah-Mnn to BE Re-
sumed Soon.

Washington, Dec. Ex-senator Bur-
rows, who is chairman Of the senate
committee on privileges and elections,
which is conducting the investigation
of the charges against Senator Reed
Smoot, of Utah, said that the commit
tee probably would meet on Saturday,
January 9, for the consideration Of the
inquiry. While Senator Burrows has
received no notification from Senator
Smoot, he thinks it probable that the
reply of the latter to the charges
against him will be ready by the time
mentioned. Senator Burrows would
make no forecast of the proceedings of
the committee. All depended, he said,
upon the nature of the response.
Before going to Salt Lake City, Sena-
tor Smoot said that he probably would
deny some of, the charges and admit
others, but nothing regarding his
course has been heard since the ad-
journment of congress for the holidays.
If Senator Shoots denial is such as to
challenge the authenticity of the in
formation upon which the accu-
sations are based it is the opin-
ion of some of the members of
the committee that the authors of the
charges will be given an opportunity to
prove them, and in that event there
probably would be a quite general in
vestigation into the present day prac-
tices of the Mormon church with ref
erence both to marriage and politics.
The committee has, however, reached no
conclusion looking to such a course,
and Chairman Burrows declined to x
press any opinion as to its probability.
II Senator Smoot should admit the
charges as a whole, which is not con-
sidered probable, there would then be
nothing left for the committee but to
consider the. legal aspect of the case
and decide whether the facts alleged,
even if true, disqualify a man for a seat
in the senate. *
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
FOR TIE DEFENSE OF JAPAN
Government Is Granted Unlimited
Credit for Military Purposes.
Ordinances Issued Which, 1t Is De-
clared, VIII Completely Cover
All Emergencies.

Toxic, Dec. 30.-An emergency ordi-
nance promulgated Monday night in
vests the government with practically
unlimited credit for the purpose of mill
itary defense. Three other ordinances
were issued, relating first to the Seoul
Fusan railway, which is brought closer
under official control; second, to the re-
vision of the organization of the imperi-
al military headquarters in war time;
third, to the creation of a war council in
war time. These ordinances, it is con
sidered, completely provide for all emer-
gencies. -.
Seattle, Wash, Dec. 30.-Hajime Ota.
Japanese commissioner to the Louisi-
ana Purchase exposition. reached Seat
tie on the steamer Shinano-Maru Mon
day on his way to st. Louis.
Japan will insist on her demand thai
the integrity Of China be preserved and
that Corea must remain an independent
kingdom, and will refuse to compro-
mise with Russia on the basis of Rus
sian supremacy in Manchuria and Jap
! anese control in Corea, according to Mr.
Ota. He says that such is the japanese
position and that Japan feels that >she
has the moral supported oil the Other
nations of the earth. He says that the
Japanese government can be depended
on to maintain its. conservative attitude
despite the popular clamor for war, I'M
til hostilities are forced.
Rome, Dec. 3O.-The Tribuna, in com
menting upon the active military prep
arations in, the United States, connects
them with the situation in the far east
and says it is the wish of the United
States to insure the open door in Man.
churia, and that Japan has always
counted upon such an attitude,
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
mr.. Gaze.

Frederika, Ia, Dec. 28.-Mr. A. S. Grover
is now "a years Of age. For the last 80 years
he has suffered a great deal of sickness, and,
although he is a temperate man and never
used spirits of any kind, his kidneys had
troubled him very much. He said:-
toms correspondent exactly to those OF a
young man who died of Diabetes in this
neighborhood. My feet and limbs were
bloated quite a little.
II heard of Dodd's Kidney Pills, and at
last determined to try them. I took in all
ten boxes before I was we'll, and now l can
truthfully. Say that I am all right. The
I have gained eight pounds in weight. and
can sleep well. at night, and every symptom
of my trouble is gone.
1T is some time now since I was cured
and I have not had the slightest return Of
any symptom of the. old trouble"
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Post omce Robbed.

Richmond, Va, Dec. 30.-J. L. Gar
rett, the town Waterman of West Point,
was held up Monday night by three
men armed with revolvers, who bound
and gagged him, marched him to the
post office, broke in the door, blew
open the safe and robbed it of consider
able money and a package containing
$2,100 in bonds. Garrett was compelled
to take a seat and witness the whole
performance. y The robbers escaped.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Saws II Is Not True.

Washington, Dec. Ex-senator Scott,
of West Virginia, denies as absolutely
without basis reports that the chair
manship of the executive committee
of the national republican committee
had been rendered him by the president
and had been declined by him:
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
I. Dairymen's Association.

The North Dakota Dairymen's as
ISOLATION will meet in Fargo Jan. 90
Fl, at the same time as the tristate
grain and stockgrowers' convention.
1t will furnish the program for two
sessions of the big meeting. On Jan.
20 there will be a butter judging
contest, for which prominent manu-
facturers have offered prizes.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
A Good Record.

Willis W. Bradley, a Forman boy,
who has just completed the first
month Of his second year at the Unit
ed States naval academy at Annapo'
lis, stands with first fifteen in a class
of 313, and has to his credit the rat.
ing of 3H per cent out of a possible
4 per cent. He is a son of DR.. w. w
Bradley and one of Congressman
Marshall's appointees.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Won Second Prize.

The. Devils Lake High school won
second prize in the Minneapolis Jour
nails competition on composition OPP
en- to high schools. There were a
number of schools entered in the con-
test from Wisconsin, Iowa, South Da-
kota and Minnesota, and it certainly
speaks well for the Devils Lake
school to be able to capture the sec
ond prize,
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Father ana Daushter Killed,

Grand Rapids, Mich, Dec. 3O.-Piebe
Ulberg and his daughter, Mrs. Ida Dwig-
gems, Of Georgetown, Mich, were killed
by a Holland & Lake Michigan inter-
urban car at Grandville Tuesday. The
cutter in which they were riding was
reduced to kindling wood.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
KILLED Himself.

Davenport, Ia, Dec: 3o.-Returning
home from a: visit with his minister,
Charles Filkins. a Brooklyn, Ia, mer-
chant so years of age, locked himself in
d closet and sent a bullet into his
heart. He is .believed to have been de-
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Statement. Denfed.

ST. Petersburg, Dec. 3O.-The corre-
spondent Of a Russian news agency at
Kishineh, Bessarabia, telegraphs a de-
NAL. of the statement that the Jewish
population is being pillaged>by the Rus
SLAMS. =
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
A Lively Row,

There was a lively time in Webster
township, Cass county, the other day.
A mortgage on some horses had been
foreclosed, and the animals were
placed with a farmer for safe keep
ing. One night they disappeared and
it was known that they were in the
barn of one of the parties interested.
A search warrant was secured and
when deputies served it and under.
took to make a search they e OPP
posed by five men armed with revol-
vers and p~itchforks. No shots were
fred, and the officers got what they
went after, and captured a couple OF
prisoners as well,
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Closed,

On account of the prevalence OF
scarlet fever at the state university
the faculty has dismissed all the stu
dents, with the understanding that
the institution will reopen Jan. 1,
providing the conditions will permit.
The disease appeared in the young
mems dormitory and the entire stu
dent body was exposed.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07

''That young man, said the visitor, "be.
hayes as if he knew more than you DO"
Naturally" replied the merchant. why
me ely his Observation-Disclosures Ledger.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
"a killing Pnin

Rheumatism's killing Pain
left, in quick order after taking 10 doses
Of pr: Skirvin's Rheumatic Cure, in tab
DIR. SKIRVIN CO., La Crosse, Wis. TX. IL
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Getting Her Moneys Worth.

Milly-I was weighed this afternoon and
tipped the scales at 993 pounds.
Billy think that if the man that
had weighed you had been real generous,
he would have thrown in 'th%ree.quarters of
a pound, and made it an even hundred.
$50 do I. But he was raunning one Of
those you weigh for a cent affairs. The
next time I'm going to try a 'nickel-in-the-
slot machine, and maybe I'll get more for
my money.'-Detroit Free Press.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07

Whether a man is handsome, or wheth-
er he only thinks he is, he acts just tho
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
News Notes..

@ .ts .t news NOISSs
There were eight cases of smallpox
at B%eaudette, over in the timber coun-
try; and people are fighting shy OF
the place.
Fine beds of clay have been locat-
ed in Richland county near Wahpe-
ton, and soptions have been secured
on the lands at $50 per acre.
A Minnesota miller wired to Bow
bells for 400 bushels of macaroni
wheat.
Herman A~brahan,son of Velva, has
made application to be adjudged Q
bankrupt.
Martin Olson of Steele county, lost
his house and all it's contents by ire.
Wheatland is after all kinds of i'm
privements since it organized that
commercial club.
At Hazelton, in Emmons county a
number of antelope were seen recent
ly, the first in a number of years.
The d. S. r. johnson Land Com
pany, which owns large areas Of land
in the southern part of the state, will
place three lecturers in the east to
explain the advantages of North Da-
kota.
Washburn's postoffice was broken
into bysa back window and So in cash
taken. The stamps and safe were un.
touched. Local talent is suspected.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07

Do not believe Piso's Cure for Consump.
F. Boyer, Trinity Springs, Ind, Feb. Is, 1900.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07

Fruit acids will not stain goods dyed
with Putnam Fadeless Dyes.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
NORTH DAKOTA NEWS
FraternaI CONGRESS.

Fraternal Congress-. /.
The third annual meeting of the
North Dakota Auxiliary Of the Ma
tional Fraternal Congress was held
in Fargo, the Commercial club rooms
being rendered for the use of the del
egates.
The fraternal organizations of the
state were all represented and mat
tiers of common interest to the well
fare OF each of them were discussed
and action taken. The object of the
organization is to urge the passage
Of laws in the legislature governing
the business of the several societies
under the same method as the insur.
ance companies r regulated. A
great deal of important business was
transacted that would not be of gen
eral interest to the public. The new
officers are:
Presidential. E. Payne, Fargo.
Vice President-E. P. Kelley,
Jamestown.
Secretary-E. j. Moore, Fargo.
Treasurer-Mrs. Kate Blewitt,
jamestown.
Trustees-Mrs. j. j. Thompson of
jamestown, Harry S. Oliver of Lis
bon and L. NJ. Speer Of Fargo.
Fire at the u. -
Fire at the university damaged the
Mechanic Arts building and de-
stroyed a large amount of valuable
material which cannot be replaced.
The alarm was sounded just before
the breakfast hour, and water was be-
ing poured into the building from
above long before the fire broke
through the roof, though on account
OF the smoke it was impossible to en-
ter the building and get at the local
hose and the efforts of all hands were
directed to quenching the fire be-
tween the double roof and drown the
fire below at the same time prevent
air: from coming into. contact with
the fire. The Grand Forks depart.
ment soon quenched the blaze.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Drainage Bonds.

The Grand Forks county commits
%sioners have decided to authorize the
issuance of bonds in the sum of $685.
900 in payment for drainage bitches
that have been constructed in four
township this season. These are the
first bonds. that have been issued I'M
der the new law in this part of the
state.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07

What women sigh for is long life without
old age.-Chieago Daily News.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07

Returns.-"'What do you get in return for
your verses?" Observation-Disclosures Free
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07

Men: often make up in wrath what the,
want in reason.-Alger.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07

Stops the Cough
and works off the cold. Laxative Brome
Quinine Tablets. Price Is cents
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1904-01-07
Loubet to Visit Rome.

Rome, Dec. 30.-It is announced that
President Loubet will visit Rome in.
April next. -. }asz, IS .