davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
MORE MEN
ARE " ANTED
SHERIFF AT zEIGLER ASKS GOV
ERNoR FOR ADDITIONAL
TROOPS.

Zeigler, ILL.,, Dec. 5.-sheriff Stein.
of Benton, has appealed to Governor
Yates to send two more companies of
militia to Zeigler.
Dynamite Found at ZeigIer.
Benton, ILL.,, Dec. 5.-Deputy United
States Marshal Skaggs created a sen.
sation in Zeigler Sunday by bringing
in thirty-eight sticks Of dynamite he
had found between the office building
and the pump station. The dynamite
was tied in two bundles, with a fuse
on each that had been lighted, but it
is supposed the damp, cold night pre-
vented an explosion. The dynamite
had been placed on the ground just
above the principal water main which
supplies Zeigler. Had 1t exploded the
water main would have been demol,
ished and possibly the pump station.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
MRS. JOHN c. HUFFMAN 1886
NORTH COURT STREET, MET
AWFUL FATE.
HUSBAND A WITNESS
While Attending to Fire In Heating
Stove Mrs. Huffman's Dress Caught
Fire and Injuries Result In Her
Death.

From Mondays Daily.
After suffering untold agony until
the arrival of doctors. from burns re-
ceived from heating stove, Mrs. John
G. Huffman, 1895 North Court street,
passed away last evening at $3.50
o'clock
Shortly before II o'clock yesterday
morning while alone In the dining
room Mrs. Huffman went to the heat
ing stove and in stirring the fire, her
apron came In contact with tho flames.
Soon her whole dress was enveloped
with flames, which she tried vainly
to extinguish without exciting the
rest of the household. Her efforts
were fruitless, however, and she
called upstairs to her granddaughter,
little Stella Huffman. The little girl
came down stairs quickly and seeing
her grandmother In flames, went to
the door and called her uncle, ]. G.
Huffman, Jr., her grandfather, j. G.
Huffman and Jack Crawford. who
were engaged in the rear Of the house.
They responded Immediately, but were
unable to extinguish the flames until
Mrs. Huffman's arms and legs
were severely burned. So great was
her pain, she could not speak. She
was removed to lounge in the sit
ting room and Drs. 2. Anthony and
B. w. Searle were called. Just before
their arrival the injured woman re.
gained her speech and told her hus'
band and son how the accident had
happened. Although In intense pain
she related to them how she went to
the stove to stir the fire and how heI
apron became ablaze. She said she
endeayored. to extinguihh the fire, bu'
1t was no use Drs. Anthony and
Searle gave the injured woman the
/ proper medical attention, and to al
lay her suffering, she was put to sleep
She slept until $3.50 last night. when
her last earthly breath passed out.
The deceased had been blind for the
past sixteen years, which defect, 1t Ii
believed, aided in her death. She IL
survived by husband and five sons.
Born In Ohio.
The deceased was born in the state
of Ohio in the year 1S40. She re
moved with her parents soon after hel
birth to Davis county in this state
In 1855 the wedding of Hannah M
Cuhn to John G. Huffman took place. T,
this union were born seven children
six sons and one daughter. Mr.. ant
Mrs. Huffman came to this city thirteel
years ago and have since lived here
The deceased has always been fon,
and beloved wife and mother and he
loss will be most keenly felt by al
who knew her.
The survivors are her husband
John G. Huffman and five sons, D. Fl
Huffman, ]. M. Huffman, j. G. HUFF
! man, Jr., c. A. Huffman and G. @
Huffman.
Funeral Tomorrow.
The funeral services will be hel
tomorrow morning at 10 o'clock fror
the family residence. Rev job
Hastie, pastor of the South Ottumw
Baptist church. will conduct short SCI
, vices. Interment will be made in tn
| Ottumwa cemetery, of which Mr.. Huf
, man is sexton.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
LAWMAKERS OF THE NATION RE-
ASSEMBLE AT WAsHlNG-
TON TODAY.
RARE GALA OCCASION
Though Rain and sIeet Fell Through
out the Morning the Halls of Senate
and House Were Bright With Gay
colors of Pretty Gowns and Floral
offerings.

Washington, d. c.. Dec 5-The last
session of the fifty-eighth congress was
called together at noon today under
the usual interesting conditions and
amid scenes that for years have made
the reassembllng Of congress among
the notable events of the country.
Rare Gala Occasion.
Rarely in The memory of the old
guard has an opening day been made
such gala occasion. The galleries,
rather than the floor, proved the cen
ter of attraction for rows upon rows
of handsomely gowned women looked
down upon the statesmen Members
OF both bodies were flooded with re.
1nembrances in the form of floral
pisces, and the chambers presented an
appearance which they never knew on
niiy other occasion.
incIement Weather No Drawback.
Though rain and sleet feel during
me entire morning these discomforts
were insufficient to mar the success of
the event.
Will End With Inaugural.
fhis will be short session ind a
Stably interesting one for, with the
Inauguration of President Roosevelt,
the session will go out in blaze Of
glory.
u Honor Memory of Dead.
The senate YVES in session thirteen
minutes and adjourned as a mark of
respect to the late Senators Quay and
Hoar.
House Adjourns Early.
Speaker Cannon called the house to
order promptly atsnoon. After prayer
by Chaplain sI Iouben, the reading OF
the credentials of the members elected
during recess to fiji vacancies was pro
ceeded with. Some routine business
followed and then resolutions Of re.
spect to the memory of the late Sena.
tors Quay and Hoar we're adopted and
the house adjourned.
Cochran Would Investigate.
Representative Cochran of New
York introduced today bill provid
Ing for the appointment of a specia
commission to inquire into and ascer
lain the amounts of money expended
'.y both parties at all elections fol
presidential electors from 1892 to 1901
>nlusive.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
BRlLLlANCY MARKS THE
OPENING. OF CONGRESS
BIG SALARY FOR MILES.
May Receive Salary of s14,1oo for Ser
vices in Massachusetts.

Boston, Dec. 5.-Lieutenant General
Nelson A. Miles will receive a total
salary of S14,100 a year if his appoint
ment as adjutant general of the State
of Massachusetts is approved by the
war department, of which there is lit
tie doubt. At present General Miles is
on retired pay on the army rolls. Under
the provisions of the Dick law for the
Improvement of the militia service of
the several states, the assignment of a
regular army officer from the retired
list to active service in any state re-
stores him to the active list of the
army, with full pay. This will make
General Miles pay from the govern
ment $10,50o a year. His salary from
the state will be $3,60O.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
.DEFIES WIND
GEORGE e. HEAToN PROVES HIS
NEW AIRSHIP is A
SUCCESS.

Alameda, Cal, Dec. 5.--George E.
Heaton, the inventor of the airship,
the California Messenger" has dem.
onstrated not only that his flying ma.
chine will fly, but likewise that it will
go where 1t Is bidden, regardless OF
the condition of the wind. The air
ship made an ascent on Sunday, Heat
on spending an hour In the air travel
ing at will in any direction he desired
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
MANY PEOPLE INJURED.

Missouri Pacific Train Is Wrecked
Near Holden, Mo.
Holden. Mo-, Dec. 5. Missouri Pa
cific train No. /, westbound, from st.
Louis to Kansas City, due here at 4
o'clock Saturday afternoon, was
wrecked at the waterworks bridge
two miles east of here, resulting In
the injury Of forty.five passengers, ten
Of whom were seriously injured. The
accident was caused by broken rail,
which projected from the track, catch
Ing the first coach behind the mail car
throwing 1t from the track down a
twenty foot embankment and causing
two other coaches, Pullman and the
diner, to follow 1t.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06

the inability of the United States to
bring the offender to the place and
court whereby the constitution and
laws the accusation against him must
be tried in support of his views, Mr..
Moody cites number of cases under
the present law in which justice has
been defeated or greatly delayed and
large unnecessary expense incurred by
the govrnmnt.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
MONOPOLY is DOOMED.
President Roosevelt May Abrosate
Contract Of Pacific Mail Co.

Washington D. G., Dec. 5. Pres.
ident Roosevelt is about to crush an
other monopoly in restrain of trade by
abrogating the contract between the
Panama railroad and the Pacific Mail
Steamship company. He has under
consideration the question of abro-
eating the contract.
A report on the subject has been
made by the isthmian canal commits
sion and. though it does not make
definite recommendations
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
GOVERNMENT WINS CASE.
Decision Is Against Naval Officers
Wanting Excess Pay.

Washington, d. c.. Dec. 5.-Justice
Brown today delivered the opinion Of
the supreme court in the case of Cap
tain c. M. Thomas VS.. the United
States involving the rights of naval
officers in respect to extra pay under
the navy personnel of 1900 and 1901.
The opinion is in favor Of the govern
ment. The claim presented was that
naval officers who go to sea s-.ould
be allowed 10 per cent in excess of
their usual pay.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
FLEET MAY ATTEMPT TO
MAKE DESPERATE SORTIE
WORLDS FAIR PRICE ssse,ooo.
Chicago Company Secures All the
Property of tho Exposition.

Property OF tho EXPOSITION.
ST Louis, Dec. 5.--It was stated
Sunday that contract for the sale of
the eleven big exhibit palaces, stock
barns, Festival Hall, the Colonade of
States, Pavilions. Aerodrome, bank,
intramural railway, hospital. press
building, police and fire stations, with
other Worlds fair structures, that cost
$15,000,O00, will be signed this week
with the Chicago House Wrecking
company, for s3s6.o00. Every thing
except the rolling stock of the intra-
mural, which has been sold separately,
the state, foreign and Pike buildings.
are included in the deal The work of
demolition will begin Tuesday.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
BIG COTTON YIELD.
Report of Agriculture Department Puts
Crop at 12,162, ZOO Bales.

Washington, D. c., Dec. g. The
report of the department of ag-
riculture, made public today, indicates
total production of cotton in the
United States in the year l904-05 as
amounting to 1852, 700 bales.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
PATTERSON TRIAL REoPENs.

Second Hearing Of Actress on Murder
Trial Begins Today.
New York, Dec 5.-The second trial
Of Nan Patterson, the actress, charged
with killing. Bookmaker Caesar Young
last July, began today. The prisoner
appeared in court looking very pale.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
DIES FROM WORRY.
Man Pinned Between spiles Of Pier
Becomes insane.

New York, Dec. s. - Pinned be-
tween two spiles Of the pier at the
foot of West Twenty-third street, SO
tightly that the combined efforts Of a
score Of firemen and policemen only
released him after long and frantic
effort man supposed to be George
Fahey became raving maniac and
died today after being removed from
his perilous position. No one knows
how Fahey came into such plight.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
MURDER AND SUICIDE.
Jealousy Causes Michigan Man to
Commit Double Crime.

Grand Rapids, Mich. Dec. 5. - G..
Van Celet called at the home of Mrs.
Eva Wilkins today and finding an.
other man also calling upon her, shot
the woman dead. He then shot and
killed himself. after firing once al
Mrs. wilkins caller, who escaped
Jealousy was the cause Of the crime
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06

The estimates which are nearly
S5.0o0,o0O less than the estimates for
1905, include $146,S36.000. The perma-
nent annual appropriations are already
provided for by law
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
PRESSURE is TOO GREAT.
German Bank of Buffalo, closes-Ger
man-American Survives Run.

Buffalo, N. Y. Dec. 5. The Ger
man bank of which President Emery
of the German-American is also presi-
dent, closed it's doors because of in
sufficient funds to meet the constantly
increasing run.
At the German-American bank to.
day there was no evidences of run.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
English Novelist is Dead.

London, Eng, Dec. 5. ADELAIDE
Sergeant. tho novelist, died here to-
day.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
ESTIMATES FOR THE YEAR.
Secretary Shaw Submits Statement Of
Amounts to Congress.

Washington, D. c., Dec 5.--The sec
retary of the treasury today transmit
ted to congress the following estim-
ates for the support of the govern
ment for the fiscal year ending June
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
ea.4.s.s..s..s..s.s5"ss'ss'a.s4.s.s.s.s..s.i.ssse
j. THE HER. (


Iowa Partly cloudy tonight and
Tuesday.
Illinois - Partly cloudy tonight and
Tuesday with probably rain or snow in
the southeastern portion tonight.
South Dakota Fair tonight and
Tuesday.
The Local Weather.
9 o'clock last night !. :. .26
7 O'Clock this morning :. =. :. .23
2 o'clock this afternoon :. !. ). ..37
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
OPINION in TOXIC is THAT RUS.
SLAMS WILL TRY TO
ESCAPE.
JAPs LEAVE H1LLf
Unconfirmed Report Says NosPs Mon
Have Been Compelled to Evaouats
Position on 2os Metre Hin - Rus.l.
ans Under kuropatkIn Harass En-.
emy With Siege Guns

/ q
Toxic. Dec. 5. - The situation
at the front with the Manchurlan
army as shown by the reports, 10
as follows:
early Saturday morning our In.
fantry occupied kuchiatzu, driv.
Ing the enemy northward. Tho VIII
lage was taken and had been
firmly held by the enemy's infan.
try with machine guns. Our cas-.
ualties were twelve men wounded.
The enemy lost over thirty men.
During Saturday evening tho
enemy's artillery shelled Waitao
mountain but two or three com.
panles Of his infantry advancing
toward the mountain were re.
pulsed"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
TWO OF MRS. cHADWlcK,s NOTES
SAID TO BEAR NAME OF
CARNEGIE.
REPORT NOT CONFIRMED
President and Cashier of the oberlln
(ohio) Bank Are Arralsned Before
United States Commissioners at
Cleveland.

Cleveland, Dec. 5.-According to
statement published here today
there are two notes in the Citi-
zens' National bank of Oberlin
bearing the endorsement of An
drew Carnegie. These notes, 1t
is stated, ere for $5O0,0OO and
$250,000 respectively 1t Is further
claimed that these notes are now
in the possession of the United
States authorities here, although
the latter refuse to either deny or
confirm the report.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06

Toxic. Dec. 5. - It is the general
opinion here that the Port Arthur
fleet will attempt to make sortie
when the harbor becomes untenable
and when the Russian plans for escape
occur. It is eveident that most OF the
ships are badly damaged and unfit for
service, but some have fighting power.
The Russians are engaged In mine
clearing operations. mainly for the
purpose Of preserving an avenue Of
escape.
Fighting at Mukden.
Mukden, Dec. ALI day Friday
Russian siege guns bombarded vii
lagos occupied by the Japanese to the
east of the railroad and early In the
morning to the west OF the railroad
Don Cossacks routed the Japanese
south of Lidiatoun and captured eight
guns. This brilliant action, described
by a Chinese. who dressed as Cos.
sack participated Il the attack, is as
follows:
when volunteers were called for
from two infantry regiments every
man stepped forward and the Cossacks
In chorus asked not to be left behind
when the. little party was formed The
order was given to depart at o'clock
In the morning and all the men adj
vanced with extreme caution and in
dead silence, some times crawling and
sometimes running. The party divided
and attacked the Japanese position
from two sides. The Japanese were
sound asleep and did not even have
time to raise cry before all was
over
4 I'VE again advanced and soon saw
before us the outlines Of battery.
I, All the Japanese were asleep except
the sentry. We encircled the battery
and attacked from the rear. The jap
anese had not expected such an auda-
cious and sudden attack and when the
Don Cossacks charged on dead run,
followed by chasseurs on foot, the
Japanese were badly scared and I'm.
able to realize what was happening.
They rushed, half dressed, from their
tents, only to be received by spears
and bayonets. The fight lasted only
a few minutes when the whole camp
broke and fed in wild panic. leaving
eight guns in our hands. We had nc
losses, and only one man was slightly
WUuuuSu. LIE JdpduS5S iSlI a. iCdcs
fifteen dead and probably as many
more were wounded"
Continued crouching in rifle pits and
incessant firing have so hardened the
men to danger that they ignore 1t. Pc
culiar war sports are becoming popu
, lar among the troops.
General Rennenkampff's Cossacki
! are still in pursuit of Japanese and
!. have driven them out of the villages
j of Intsagoundzy and Dapindunigan
! taking many prisoners and rifles
Rumor Says Hill Is Lost.
ST. Petersburg, Dec. 5.-A message
4 from Russian sources at Chez Fot
1 brings rumor that the japanese
e have been driven from 203 Metre hill
/ the stronghold near Port Arthur which
}. they captured by assault on Novembe
n 30.
4 Neither the admiralty nor the wa
office is able to confirm the repor
from Chez Foo that the Japanese hav
: been unable to hold 203 Metre hill, bu
\ this news is quite in accordance witt
i expectations.
Experts here are convinced that tn
capture of 203 Meter hill will be Of NJ
advantage to the Japanese unless the
. can gain possessiOn of the neighhOrin
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06
Coroner Is Notified.

Coroner t. P. Stanton, of Charlton,
was notified at once and drove to Rus
sell. AS soon as jury could be en-
panelled the inquest began. At the
hour of going to press no news of the
jury's final verdict has been received
but 1T is expected at any time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1904-12-06

Cleveland, Dec. president Beck
with and Cashier Spear of the closed
Citizens National bank of Oberlin.
appeared here today before United
States Commissioner Starek for pre-
liminary hearing. They are charged
with misappropriation of the funds OF
tho hopl-
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1904-01-15
WINTERING WORK HORSES

After the ground freezes up in the
! fan many farmers have not enough
work To give their horses proper cXer.
Else and particularly when horses are
first confined 10 the stables they have
trouble with swelled legs and other
| arrangements. This state Of affairs
thay usually be avoided 10y adjusting
HE food 20 the changed conditions
Horses that do little work during the
winter do not require much grain If
they are getting hay. and we have kept
horses in excellent condition aud have
fed only small amount of grain
| where they were fed straw instead of
hay \ fair proportion of the winter
grain ration should consist of bran
Bran, In addition TO having a rather
high nutrient value acts as n mild
laxative and keeps the digestive system
iu healthy condition. An oCcaS aSional
mess of boiled grain is also a fine thing
for farm horses in winter. Boiled bar
ley is very much rehshcd. hut when il
is not at hand. we would use oats We
would feed mess of boiled grain at
least once week, ana have fed Il as
often as once per day. Carrots are cN-
ccllcnt for horses during the winter,
ana most horses are very fond of them.
They have Il beneficial effect on the
system and add succulcncy to the ra-
tion. Under favorable conditions car
rots yield very large crop, and though
they may require considerable labor in
growing them. If once given a trial
farmers would not care TO hc without
them
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1904-01-15

Linseed meal. n gill to a dozen hens.
will promote digestion. regulate the
bowels and brighten the plumage.
For slight causes of bowel troubles.
few drops Of spirits of camphor in
the drinking water is recommended.
Tincture of iodine literally painted
on the corn in humble foot will cause
II 10 spread. Repeat daily for a week
A ELECTROMAGNETIC roup cure is
seven drops OF Kerosene In a teaspoon
ful of molasses every hour until i'm.
proved
For debility. Wright recommends n
raw new-laid egg every morning until
the fowls begin 10 recover. Then
change TO little cooked meat
Another cholera cure is a teaspoon.
ful of ginger To tcacupful OF boiling
water. Allow the mixture TO cool and
then give n tablespoonful 10 each fowl
three times a day.
For worms in fowls. Farm Journal
advises fifteen drops OF spirits of tur-
pentine in pint OF water. and this
used 60 moisten bran and corumcal.
equal parts. Give one meal of this for
two days i'm succession
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1904-01-15
Farm Topics
WATER FOR FARM ANIMALS

WATER FOR FARM ANIMALS.
II is admitted that water is essential
To the well-being OF humans. and IL
this IL 50 why should any one presume
to think that animals can get along
with little or no water Yet that is
the plan on which many farmers work
The cows and horses are perhaps
properly watered, but the other farm
animals are given little water In "a
feries Of experiments carried on by the
writer number Of years agO ii was
FOUND that sheep. swine and poultry
gave Us nearly twenty per cent better
returns when regularly ana carefully
wotered than when the water was
given but occasionally.
That is the egg supply was larger
from the hens, and the sheep ana hogs
kept 10 the desired weight. More than
this, we found there was less trouble
with diseases, particularly those that
had the stomach for their base Of al.
tack. IL Is now regular practice 20
give All the animals on the farm regu.
lar supplies Of clean water. In water
Ing the sheep and swine trOughs are
provided ana kept for the purpose.
After the animals have drunk the
lroughs are removed 80 that there is
no chance Of them being dcGicd. II
viii pay every time 20 water all farm
animals regularly ana with clean
water.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1904-01-15

The Rev. DR. L. :. Henson. formerly
pastor OF the First Baptist church. OK
Chicago. later of the Hanson Place
Baptist Church. of Brooklyn. and who
has accepted call to fremont Temple
Boston, recently lectured In Spring.
deld. Mass. and one Of the foremost
pastors in the city was asked 10 an
nounce the lecture from his pulpit
This is the way the pastor i1adc the
announcement: THE Rev. Or Henson
will lecture on Fools I'm the State
Street Baptist Church on "Wednesday
evening. and trust n great many viii
attend. New Work Trihnns
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1904-01-15

bolster ana how strips are attached
just under the notChcs TO prevent the
plank from slipping
The plank is then sawed in two in the
middle ana two heavy strap hinges at
lachcd as shown; these, with the strips.
are on the under side OF the plank The
lower portion of the Illustration shows
how the plank as arranged is fitted
over the uprights of the holster rest
ing on the rings This seat is readily
constructed, is easy to attach and
when detached takes up little room. -
indianapolis News.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1904-01-15

COMFORT on THE WAGON.
There are many occasions when the
box must be taken from tho farm
wagon 10 do hauling Of some things.
ana such occasions are cOmfortless
ones for the driver who has no seat.
The illustration shows way Of MAX.
ng n seat and attaching il TO the UP.
lights Of the front bolster. The upper
portion Of the cut shows how a two
nch strip Of proper length aud notchcd
A. either end TO M the standards Of the