The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1904-12-14
PRES|DEnTSNESSAGE

through WEach the country ~ passing
jnstifes expenditures for permanent
Improvements far greater than would
! be wise IN hard times, but abundant
revenues and a large surplus always
invite extravaganza, and constant care
should be taken to guard against un-
necessary increase OF the ordinary ex-
penses OF government.
Capital and Labor.
The relations Of capital and labor,
and especially, Of organized capital and
organized labor, to each other and to
the pubic at large. come second in Inn
portanee only TO the intimate questions
OF family Life. Our peculiar form Of
government, with its sharp division Of
authority between the nation and the
several states, has been on the whole
Tar more advantageous to our develop
ment than more strongly centralized
government. But It Is undoubtedly re-
sponsible for much Of the difficulty Of
meeting with adequate legislation the
new problems presented by the total
change in Industrial conditions on this
continent during the last half century.
In actual practice it has proved e1-
ceedingly difficult, and in many cases
Impossible, to get unanlmity of wise
action among the various states on
these subjects. From the very nature
OF the case this is especially true Of
the laws affecting the employment OF
capital 10 huge masses.
with regard to labor, the problem IS
no less important, but 1t is simpler. AS
long as the states retain the primary
control Of the police power the circum-
stances must be altogether extreme
which require interference by the fed
eral authorities, whether in the way OF
safeguarding the rights Of labor or in
the way of seeing that wrong is not
done by unruly persons who shield
themselves behind the name Of labor.
If there is resistance to the federal
courts. interference with the mails OF
interstate commerce or molestation OF
federal property, or if the state authori-
lies in some crisis which they are I'M
able to face call for help, then the fed
5.eraI government may interfere; but,
though such interference may be caus-
ed by a condition Of things arising out
sof trouble connected with some cues
ton of labor, the interference itself
simply takes the form Of restoring or
der without regard to the questions
which have caused the breach Of or
der. In the District Of Columbia and
In the territories the federal law COW
ers the entire field of government. But
the labor question is only acute IN
ponulous centers Of commerce, manu-
factures c1. mining. Nevertheless both
in the enactment and in the enforce
ment of law the federal government
within its restricted sphere should sc
an example to the state governments,
especially in q matter so vital as TINS
affecting labor.
Labor Unions.
be;jeye that under modern indus
trial conditions it is often necessary and
even where not necessary it is yet Of
: ten wise that there should be organiza-
lion of labor in order better to secure
the rights of the individual wagework-
er. All encouragement should be given
to any such organization so long as 1t
is conducted with due and decent re-
gard for the rights of others. There
are in this country some labor unions
which have habitually and otLef labor
unions which have often been among
the most effective agents in working
for good citizenship and for uplifting
the condition Of those whose welfare
sbouId be closest to oo: hearts. But
when any labor union seeks improper
ends or seeks to achieve proper ends
by improper means ell good citizens,
and more especially all honorable pub
lie servants. must oppose the wrongdo-
ing as resolutely as they would oppose
the wrongdoing Of any great corpora
ton. Violence. brutality or corruption
should not for one moment be tolerat-
ed.
Entire Right to Organise.
Wageworkers have an entire right
to organize and by ali peaceful and
honorable means to endeavor to per
suace their fellows to join with them
In organizations. They have legal
right. which. according to circum-
stances. may or may not be moral
right, to refuse to work in company
with men who decline to join their Or
CARNATIONS. They have under no cir
cumstances the right to commit vio-
Jence upon those, whether capitalists
or wageworkers, who refuse to support
their organizations or who side with
those with whom they are at odds, fol-
mob rule is intolerable in any form.
The wageworkers are peculiarly enti.
tied to the protection and the encour-