Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1904-06-03

subdivisions are being collected from all
| parts of the world.
| An insight into the minute scrutiny which
| DR.. Hrdcka applies to his various living
| subjects can best be obtained by scanning
| the series of blanks used by him for sew
| eral years in laboratory and field work.
| Sixty-seven observations are made from
| each subject, II practicable, and recorded
| In columns opposite his name and number
| In addition to this an entire page Is re-
served for miscellaneous physiological and
| medical observations of each tribe or group
| of people studied.
| Some of the more interesting items are
| the stature, diameter of the head and lace
| the breadth and height of forehead, maxi
| mum finger-reach. excess of linger-reacn
| over height. dimensions of the nose. ears
and mouth the breadth of the lower Jaw,
etc In other columns are recorded the tenn
| perature pulse. respiration. time or Day,
| present state of health pressure and trac,
| tion force of the hands and weight aodeu
| to this list are such observations as coior'
| hair reformation of the head, etc.
To Study Effects Of Vocation.
| Asked to outline the scope of the work
| of the new laboratory. Dr. Hrdlicka sald'
| "a search Is being made for VARIATIONS
In human structure, their causes ana ten
| denotes Take for example our own race
! or society We find large class occupied
! in manual labor. Especially WleI DC Ni~i
| genera tons have been so engaged we have
q defined group. Professional athletes'
mountaineers miners. sailors, etc. coulprise
other defined groups Sun anolHei IN
Sists of men deyoting their entire energies
- architectural nursutts An especially IN
| teresting subclass of this intellectual group
are the originators-men VINO orlsliidtee anu
continue to do SO in any line OF actiII',es,
ON every enc of these groups man pouy
| "a exercised In some special way Lifelong
| exercise in any one direction must resui. M
| anatomical notifications Inc ati -,
| bones and muscles have theT speStai ,-
onnneot Students have a somewhat iarset
hea development than the average man Oh
the laboring class according TO nsures COZ
Iected nv the Paris School OF Anthropoios5;
r. ercise. of mind causes an lnnux Oh pfoou
- ~ brain and this Increased nourfshment
fayors the growth of that organ, the hedu
charging in consequence
",These variations remain very iarseig 70
he studied and 1t should be asceftalneo
nybetber they are constant and, mainly,
whether they are hereditary or whether
they disappear.
There are already accumulated oa1a upon
thousands and thousands of normal ana ap-
normal persons Dealing with whole groups
of mankind requires the collection of vast
| ma terial. And yet much more remains 10
be done 49,, .,,.
important problem yet to be solved?
Evolution of Heredity.
lens of physical anthropology remain hard
ly approached. Among these, first OF all,
is mans evolutions. With all of the atten-
ton and study which has been directed by
raturalists to this point, and with every
thing in anatomy vouching for close re-
lationship between man and other mann
mails we are still facing the problem of
establishing and palpably demonstrating
the transition period. Because of their
great antiquity, the remains of the earliest
man and his immediate precursors must
be exceedingly rare, and without them we
are unable to advance beyond inductions.
"a second great problem is presented by
mans differentiation into races and minor
physical notifications. Long and careful
observations of the effects upon man OF
diet climate and many other natural as
we'll as artificial causes must here be made
Coming nearer home, it still remains to
be solved when and whence the American
Indian came and what notifications he has
undergone since his advent upon this con-
tinent-
Some of the most important problems re-
late to the future of the human races and
their physical subdivisions. Has man
reached already the end of his physical diff
ferentiation? If, as Indications seem to
point, he is still progressing In that pro-
cess. what directions in different parts OF
the world are his different groups or races
taking? VIII there be race as superior to
man of today as he is now to the ape. or
will education and minglng spread and
unity the human race?
sIt ia found repeatedly that the bones of
the Indian or negro are less variable than
those Of the white man, and this is probab-
ly true of other parts of the anatomy as
well. There are many changes OF struc-
ture taking place In us constantly. Where
will all of this lead?
".Of what relative value to a race are Its
different groups? This is another serious
question. Are the men who devote their
lives entirely to mental pursuits either a
benefit detriment to the mean physical
condition of their race? The athlete Is
better developed physically than the stu
dent. But is he a more valuable factor In
the race and are his children healthier or
more provocative or of higher racfaf
standad? The whole future of races, phys!-
cal, economical and political. will depend
upon the standard of their physical con-
dition.
American Problems.
Are there any other problems besides
that Of the Indians of special interest to
the people of the United States?'
Eyes. There is now in progress a much
whites than is ordinarily known of. VIII
this progress far enough to cause en-
tire disappearance of the minority race. and
how will 1T affect the resulting mixed race?
1.-The greatest of all advantages to Ameri-
ca has been the constant influx of good.
young, physically strong and mentally raw
The pioneer process IL still going on. This
mixture Of the elements pouring in stimu-
lates the mental functions and the entire
system of their progeny.
IF America. like some countries. had
been peopled by one single race it would
way as 1t has today