The daily morning journal and courier., 1904-08-05

made of rotten wood until thoroughly impregnated with the smoke.
 Not only are the skins so prepared made into clothing, but by sewing sixty or seventy together, they make eoV- ering for a tent large enough for a good sized family. The undressed hide, after the hair is taken off is cut into thongs of various thickness, which are twisted into deer snares, bow strings, net lines and, in fact, supply all the purposes of rope. The finer thongs are used in the manufacture of fishing nets or in making snowshoes, while the tendons of the dorsaI mus cles are split into sewing thread.
 Almost every part of the animal is eaten. When all the flesh and other soft parts of the animal are consumed, the bones are pounded small and a large quantity Of marrow is extracted. This is used for the better kinds of pemmican "a mixture now chiefly made by pour | ing one-third of melted fat over meat which has been previously cut into thin slices, dried in the sun or over the smoke of slow fire and pounded be- tween stones. The fat is well mixed in with the dried meat, and if kept dry the pemmiean may be preserved four or five years.
 Very often the herds of reindeer num- Der many thousads, and a few hunters are able to procure sufficient supply of food for the whole winter in short time. Thus. some time ago, Peter Mac kenzie, then factor of the Hudson Bay Company at Fort Chino, assisted by three other men, went out upon the river Koksoak, ot far from the fort, where the stream is a mile and quar- ter wide. and in the course of few hours speared and killed three hun dred deer.
 | A drove of five hundred was about to cross the stream, and while two Es- quimaux were sent in one kayak to head them off, another kayak put out
 behind them to prevent their return.
 MT. Mackenzie and his three assistants, in two other kayaks, armed themselves with spears, and the suction of the wa ter caused by the rapid swimming of the herd down stream drew the canoes quickly after them. It was, of course, an awful butchery, but the slayers
 were hunting for their own existence land not for pleasure or sport
 | On another occasion, in October, MT. Mackenzie took his rifle and fifty car ltridges and spent two hours in hunting, and when he returned had killed no less Ithan forty-four deer. Of all the
 American deer they are the easiest to approach. The Indians not only kill them with spears when crossing rivers
 or lakes but sometimes shoot from or take them in snares. The Esquimaux often take them in traps ingeniously formed of ice or snow.
 The late pr. King has left graphic description of the scenes of death by Starvation which follow such a failure of the reindeer as is reported from the far north. In the vicinity of Fort Re- lIiance, on Great Slave Lake, Dr. King came across the remains of nine In- dians who had died of starvation. They had left his camp only a few days before, fearfully emaciated, and with the thermometer registering 92 below the freezing point
 'grhe scene, says pr. King, Twas truly heart rending, for gaunt famine was then a daily spectacle; shades of mortals either glided before us or crowded in silence around the fire, de- vouring roasted pieces of their reindeer robes, the only protection from a tenn lperature 90 degrees below the freezing point. Men, women and children slow I ly passed us on their dismal search for food, expecting death at every step. "The actual number of dead could lnot be ascertained, with the exception of forty of the best hunters, whose fate was known. Considering, therefore that their wives and families were equally unfortunate and that they are often the first to fall, there could scarcely have been less than a hundred and fifty deaths at that place alone from starvation. New York Sun.