davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
FIRE WIPES OUT
SOUR LAKE, TEX,
Four Business Blocks of the Town
Reduced to Ashes.
LOSS AGGREGATING $500, 900
The Flames Swept Through h
Frame Buildings Like ktndlinE
WoOd-No Fire Department
Renders Citizens PowerIess.

Dallas, Tex, Jan. 25.-The business
portion of Sour Lake was wiped out
by fire Sunday night. The flames
| caught among the frame buildings like
they were kiRdling wood and swept
on through the town, which was help
less. There is no fire department, and
it was only by almost superhuman eff.
forts that the citizens checked the
flames and prevented the destruction
of the residence section. Four blocks
in all were reduced to ashes.
For a time it was thought the oil
fields would be ignited. but they are
so far from town that the flames did
not communicate.
The losses are in the neighborhood
of $500 600, only partly covered by in
surance, as the companies would not
write large risks because of the in
iammable environment of the oil dis
tricts and the character of the build
ings, which were all frame.
The principal business institutions
in the fire district we're the First ma
tiOnal bank, the Sour Lake national
bank, post office, telephone exchange,
Oriental hotel, Spencer Drug Co.,
White Oil Co.'S building. Southern Pa
cific station, electric light plant, and
a score or more of small business con
Germs in tents, all of which are be-
lieved to have been burned. The town
had about 10000 inhabitants.
Telegraph wires are down and in.
formation from there Is meager. A
telephone message from Sour Lake at
1890 verifcs former reports. Four
blocks of business concerns were
burned.
Sour Lake is in darkness. and a
strong patrol of citizens is maintained
around goods piled upon the ground
to keep away thieves.
The origin Of the fire has not been
definitely determined, Some attribute
it to incendiarism, others say it was
from a defective fue, and still others
declare a gasoline stove exploded and
started the flames.
There was no loss of life or serious
injuries. The people had to fight the
fire almost exclusively with water
buckets. Fifteen hundred feet of fire
hose had been purchased oy the city,
but no water system or general APP
paratus for its use had been provided.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Work has been commenced on the
Mobile, jackson 4 Kansas City road
from Alderman southwark, a large
force Of mules, laborers and nipple
meutS having been moved TO this
point by Contractor Randolph, who
has commenced grading work and
will push through to connect with
the forces moving northward from
Newton. The contract on the see
ton south Of Newton has been com
plcted. The roadbed between Lau-
rel and Newton will soon be ready
for the having of steel rails.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Strawberry Planting.

Florence, Ala, Jan. 25.--A number
of the most progressive farmers OF
Lauderdale county met Saturday at the
court house to discuss planting straw
berries in this locality On a large scale.
As a result of the interest aroused
here by this and a previous meeting.
forty.five acres of the fruit will be
planted by the spring of 1905. The
movement was started by Col. ]. w.
Rosaman of Gadsden, Tenn, who vas
here on January IL as a representative
OF the Louisville & Nashville rail-
road. Much enthusiasm has been Gre
atea here in the matter of the cultiva-
.tion.of this f:uit.s
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
FLOOD CREST
Has Reached Parkersburo in the Nick
of Time.

Parkersburg, w Va. Jan. 25.-The
lower parts of Parkersburg are under
water today. This Includes the bust
less part of the town almost up to
Third street, while among the resi-
dence parts, Riverside, Beechwood and
the Southside are pretty well inundat-
ed. All the public buildings available
were occupied last night by persons
from the flooded districts, and several
hundred persons were driven from
their homes, while many are living
in second stories of the houses that
are partly under water. Business
houses and factories which it was
thought would escape were flooded last
night and many Of them had forces OF
men at work all night to move their
property. Railroad traffic on the OHIO
river division of the Baltimore & Ohio
to the north and on the Little Kama.
wha railroad is entirely suspended.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Some Spirited Contests in Sight.

Already there is considerable talk
in the air concerning candidates for
delegates to the Democratic national
convention and it is probable that
there will be some spirited contests
for these houors. Mississippi is en-
titled 10 twenty delegates in the con-
vention. The State convention is
not likely to be held before April or
May. Within the next few weeks
Chairman Miller of the State eyecu-
tive committee will call a meeting
for the purpose Of selecting the date.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
AND TURNIPs.
What a Hail Acre Of Land Melted at
the Mississippi Agricultural College,
and what Crops Were Grown.

TEo FIRST rr,r gruup ,ya. ,oma.
toes Tho ,orictir, u.oJ were Roam
ty Acrne pw,ry Cb,ppinr and
V,grrs Tho .n,I o,. r medium
fnrtiItv and n q Ioar,r nature The
tom,tn seed wore n@Iant.J in the
greenhouse .~Ionuarv1 in rous five
}Tnrb,. unort When the nIunt. woro
about four inches tail thew were nut
IN ruo-iprb mat. and niacaJ in a
half bordy I'cnrnbou.c until thcy
were moi bouod Nv This time tbe
~nI,nts were about ciTlf niche, tall .
tbry wore ,bor nyn.prantnd with
sod I'm fvo-irch miami hands in cold
frame. ,hn Joir If tbis nIontino
wo. about March Cation seed
buII. waro Eo,t IN rr,dircs. a. q
co,orrng 10 be- placed on tbc canvas,
in fine event of cold snap. Fire
m,ont ventilation and all tLo Goht
no..ibIn vay oiycn even on cold DAVIS
when fine thermometer stood above
froollnu On ArriI 10 ,ho date
pIants were rcmnycd to fine field
thew had from one 70 two clusters
Of blooms an Them. THE soil was
nrnnorcl IN the Garden fine fail be-
fore in rows four feet onart Ten
load. If .tab}c n was oppIipd
before the soil was prepared The
nIynts were carried 10 lbc fold on
hand Larrovs os carefully AZ nossjbIo
10 prevent breaking tbo sod. and
were placed thirty inches apart in
fine rows which had been previously
opened for their reception. The
band, wcrc then removed by cutting
the corner with A knife soil was
pulled around each sod with a hoe,
afterwards fine turning pillow was en-
ployod. and the pIanting was fin
fshcd. Within a few DAYS the plants
had been pruncd and tied to stakes.
A strawberry plant was then planted
~ . ,I, H.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Enioina SmeIter.

Washington, Jan. 25.-Attorney.Gen-
eral Hart. of Georgia, and Attorney
Lyman Johnson today filed in the Su.
preme Court an injunction against the
State of Tennessee, the Ducatown Sui.
phur, Copper and Iron Company and
the Pittsburg and Tennessee Copper
Company. The defendant companies
are engaged in mining and treating
copper ore at Ducktown, Tenn, near
the Georgia border, and the bill com.
plains that the fumes from the smell.
tiers have a disastrous effect on vege.
tation for a radius of thirty miles. in.
GLIDING much cultivated land in the
State Of Georgia.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
National Guard inspection

Maj. Robert Dowdjc Of the
United States regular army, who has
been assigned to the Mississippi Ma
tional Guard under the provisions of
the Dick military law, will shortly
commence a thorough inspection of
the various companies Of the organi-
zation with the view Of increasing
their efficiency, The guard has re-
Gently been equipped with the krag-
Jorgensen rifles and have received
new uniforms since the last encamp-
ment, and is generally in a good
shape.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Chicago. Jan. 25.-"Captain' George
Wellington Streeter was taken to Joli.
ct penitentiary Sunday after a long
legal fight. Capt. Streeter was con-
victed Of completely in the killing of
a private Waterman named Kirk, who,
with others. was guarding property
against squatters in the ~so-called Dis
trict of Lake Michigan"
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
TO ORGANIZE UNION BANK.
Chicago Labor Leaders Propose TO
Handle the Funds Of All the
linton organizations.

Chicago, Jan. 25.-Having 5000, 900
to their credit in local banks. Chicago
trade unions have started a movement
for a trades union bank. with the
union label over the door, The prop
~osition. II successful, the labor men
say. will be the initiative Tor similar
institutions in every city and town Of
importance in the United States,
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
MRS. BECHTEL ACQUITTED.
Verdict OF Not Guilty Rendered in
the Trial of Aged Mother
Mt Allentown. Pa.

Allentown, Pa, Jan. 25.-Mrs. Cath
crime Bechtel, the aged mother Of Ma
bel Beohtel, who was found murdered
last October, was Saturday acquitted
of the charge Of being an accessory
to the murder after the fact. Her trial
occupied nine days, and the jury DELHI
Grated one hour before rendering ne
verdict of not guilty.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Murdered by Unknown.

A man by the name of Pcnick was
found dead in the road last week at
Anchorage bridge, about fourteen
miles west of Yazoo City. He is
supposed to have been murdered, but
there is no clew as to who committed
the deed. He was in town the day
before, and left for his home late in
the afternoon, carrying with him, it
is said, a lug of whisky.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
CLEVELAND SMILES.
Says Bryan Has the Stage, Let Him
Go II.

Princeton, N. Y, Jan. 26,-Former
President Cleveland, who was asked
today by the Associated Press cor
respondent for his opilion III William
j. Bryan's sta ,.nent that nc mar who
voted the .>almer-Buckner ticket can
be nominated by the Democrats. smil-
Ell and said:
; Il have not a word to say on the
matter. except that Bryan has got the
stage. let him go it. | guess that is
definite enough" p
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Died While Sleighing.

Anok, Mimi, Jan, pa party OF
young people, among whom was Lewis
Flicker, a young farmer, started on a
sleigh ride to BIaien last night. The
young lady accompanying Flicker had
her arm around him and after a long
silence on the part of young Flicker,
she discovered to her horror that he
was dead. The coroner decided that
death was due to heart failure.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Bishop G~s!loway's Speech,

Bishop Charles B. Galloway en-
tertained the members OF the lcgis-
lature last week with a mastery and
eloquent speech on educational mat
ters in the house Of representatives.
The bishop took broad and pro-
gressiye views and argued for higher
education and improved school facil-
itics and especially the training of
teachers. Teaching, he said, had
become Il science and was a profess
sion.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
REPUDlATEs STATEMENT.
High official Says Russia Is Not
Anary at United States.

Port Arthur. Jan. 25.-The highest
officials here repudiate the published
accusations of Russian hostility to the
United States because of its Manchur-
ian policy and the appointment of
American consuls ulder the new
treaty with China.
The decentralization of the passenger
and freight traffic on the Manchurian
railway continues in consequence of
the military activity and there is q
great block of freight at Port Dalny.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

The board of supervisors of Lee
county have under consideration the
question of building a new court
house to replace the structure re-
Gently destroyed by fire. Quite a
number of citizens Of the county
have presented a petition protesting
against the erection Of a new build
ing, and the matter promises to pro-
woke a spirited controversy before it
is finally decided.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Appeal 10 Taken.

Notice Of appeal TO the Supreme
Court has been given in the case of
Tom Mccain, recently convicted in
the Circuit Court of TalIahatchie
county Of the murder Of William
lee, and given a sentence Of ninety
nine years in the pe]nitcntiary. The
killing occurred near Jarman's Fer
ry about one year ago, and the lower
court trial attracted much attention.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
New Adjutant General.

Several applicants are spoken of
for the position Of acknowledgement
of the State on the governors staff.
The position has been held for a
number of years by Gen. William
Henry. 1t is tipped and generally
believed that the appointment will
go to Arthur Fridge. of Ellisyille.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Playing With Powder.

-Four boys, ranging from 10 to 10
years Of age, obtained a large guam
tity Of powder in the suburbs of Co.
lumbus last week. Procuring a
match, they ignited the powder,
which blew them into the air, setting
fire to their clothes. Willie billiard
is dead, Fred HaySlett is dying, and
his brother, Eugene, is seriously
burned as a result Of the accident.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

The oyster packers along the gulf
coast are shipping more oysters 10
extreme Northern points this year
than ever before, and have made
heavy inroads on the territory here
tofore supplied by Baltimore pack
ers. One Biloxi packer has received
an order for 25O,000 oysters from an
Ohio firm and has made the first
shipment on the order. +
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Guilty as charged, with recon-,
mendation to the court for mercy"
was the verdict rendered by the su.
perior court jury. IN the goth, in the
case against Alderman Jacob p. Ellen,
OF Grand Rapids, Mich, charged with
having accepted a bribe of $3.50 from
ex-City Attorney Liant K, Salisbury, in
the Lake Michigan water deal scandal.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Post Office inspectors in Chicago, on
the 2lst, arrested A. +. Mclntire, for
merly of st. Louis, on n charge OF op.
Grating a get-rich-quick concern. 1t
was alleged that in st. Louis Mclntire
was at the head of a brokerage and
banking concern which did an illegiti-
mate business. Mclntire was taken to
st. Louis.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

The first lake OF oil ever discovered
In Colorado was tapped, on the 2lst,
while drilling well No, &l2 at Spindle
Top Heights, three miles south OF
Florence, Col, The oil body was en-
countered at a depth Of 2,7T5 feet, aud
the well, It was believed, would pro-
duce more Than any six wells in the
field.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

The contract for the construction OF
the extension of the federal building at
Kansas City, Mo, was let, on the 10Th.
to John c. Robinson, of Chicago, at
33ll 81, work TO be completed by De
uember l, 1905. the granite to match
that in the present building in color.
quality and texture.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Blind Tiger Convictions,

There were two blind tiger ~conyic-
tons last week in the Circuit Court
at Port Gibson before Judge Andcr-
son. Each defendant was sentenced
to ninety days imprisonment and
ordered to pay a fine of $500.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Chicago, Jan. 24.--Five hundred stu.
dents OF the South Division and Lake
View high schools INDUCED in 4 free
fight on the streets, Friday night. and
the police. who were compelled to
quell the disturbance, made several ar.
rests.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Mrs. Mendel Burned to Death,

Mrs. Mcndel. mother of j. Men
del, a prominent merchant of Bald
wyn, was accidentally burned to
death a few days ago. The remains
were taken to Mobile for interment.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Birmingham, Ala, Jan. 25,-rhe to-
tai number of dead in the tornado OF
last Friday is IS, six OF whom are
white. The number of wounded is es-
timated at Ga, II fatally. Citizens of
Tuscaloosa are caring for The desti-
tute.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Baked the Baby.

La Crosse, Wis, Jaa. 25.-While
Mrs. Edward Smith was chopping
wood today her daughter, 5 years old,
placed a baby brother in a hot oven,
closed the door, and baked the Daby
to death before the mother returned.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Gov. Cummlns of Iowa had n brief
Interview, IN the 18th, with President
Roosevelt. The governor said his chief
mission to Washington. y, C., at that
time was TO confdr with officials of the
wal department regarding the status Of
the Iowa troops at the battle of Shiloh.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Moweaqua. ILL.,, Jan. 25--0ra 0s.
born. % years old. a coal miner, whose
limb was SO badly crushed by a dump
car at the coal shaft that amputation
was necessary, died Saturday.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

William A Knapp, a broker hIod a
petition In voluntary bankruptcy in
Chicago. on the 22d. with liabilities
scheduled NJ $4,000 and assets OF
81 $50
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

John Alexander Dowie, with his
party from the east, sailed from san
Francisco, for Australia, on the steam
or Sonoma, on the 2lst. While in san
Francisco Dowic delivered two ad-
dresses. but was Coldly received On
both occasions.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Houghton, Mich, July Pa biz
card ragged here all day Sunday. The
mercury vas below zero all day The
thermometer register 10 below Sunday
night.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Bank Statements Called.

Washington, Jan. 25.-The comp
troller of the currency today issued a
call for the condition of national banks
at the close of business, January %.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

Alexander Roland Milne. G NJ. G,
collector of customs for many years at
Victoria, b. G, died there, on the 18th.
He was a recognized authority on mat
ters pertaining TO sealing, and was
decorated with the order of St Michael
and st. George by the late Queen Vic
InrlA
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

About fifty leading citizens Of the
state Of New Hampshire, at IA meeting
at Concord, on the goth, agreed to
try to ralse not less than $4,000 by
popular subscription, in order that
the state might be represented at the
coming exposition at 81. Louis.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Rescuer Dies.

In addition to the miners who were
at work when the explosion occurred,
il is now believed by practically all
Of the men Of the rescue party, who
have come up the 220-foot vertical
shaft for a warming and a breathing
spell, that Selwyn NJ. Taylor, the min
ing engineer who plotted the mine and
who was the first to reach the bottom
after the explosion occurred, is now
among the list of dead.
OF those in the mine all are prob
ably dead.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30
Meridian Growing.

The new city directory, just is
sued, gives Meridian's population as
23,569.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

The officials of Wells. Fargo q Co,
In San Francisco, on the 22d, reit'
Grated their previous statement that
the express safe stolen from the Sun
set limited train near San Luis Obispo,
Cal, on the 21st. contained but a small
amount of treasure.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1904-01-30

The third anniversary Of the death
OF Queen Victoria was observed, on
the 22d, in London. There was the
usual memorial service at FroGmore.
which was attended by the king and
Queen Alexandria, and other members
of the royal family.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1904-10-07
LOCAL NEWS

buy a lot in Goldfeldl 'Naff said. =
Frank Mills was over from Tonopah
TIL, sday.
Proof OF annual labor blanks for sale
a this office.
Il. ID. Murphy and Geo. Winkler left
for Gold Crater Monday.
To make money in real estate, 80 with
The crowd. Goldtield is 1T. +
M. Z. L. Wadleight left last Saturdiy
for a tip to Denver and Montreal.
II. II. Moore, representing the Selby
Smelling and Lead company, is in camp.
Dozens of substantial lobe dNellipgs
going up in Goidfcld. Buy a lot now! /
Howe & Meacham, undertakes a..
embalmers. opposite lumber yard Gold
field.
Location Notices and Certificates Of
Location for recording) for sale at THE
News Office. 3
Sam Thomas left for Valley Hot
Springs Wednesday TO take the baths for
rheumatism.
W. O. Temple, a prominent attorney
of Cripple Creek aud Denver, arrived III
camp Monday.
f. D. LeClare has bought a lot N
Ramsey avenue and will erect a lodging
house thereon. lex Is feet in dimensions.
Manager Barnes Of the Goldfeld Wa
ter company returned Wednesday from
a six weeks visit to his home in Norris
town, Pa.
AIRY Hudson was out from Tonopah
sunday and sold the lots on which
his corral stands to the Goldfield Lum-
ber company.
p. Mulrooney of Denver. who is one of
The owners of the Greenback mine at
Leadville, Colo, is in camp with inten-
lion of locating.
e. A. Dulfer, Of the brokerage firm of
Starr q Dulfer, came out from F%onopah
last Sunday. He is enthusiastic over
Goldlield's future.
Russell JOY, who was II of the first
o look over the Goldfeld district, left
Sunday for Brooklyn. n. Y, where he
will stay for SIX weeks.
w. f. Patrick arrived last Saturday
with a fine team which he recently pur-
chased for l.. l.. in Carson. 1t is a we'll
matched team OF beauties.
The Peerless Cafe are making many
improvements in the restaurant, which
hen completed will make it one of the
hands ome,t in the camp.
In about six weeks Casey expects to
lave his new Merchants hotel at Culum
oia ready to receive guests. The bath
foorn3 aud furniture will be OF the very
.l,tst designs and complete in every de-
all and effect.
Arthur Alien has taken charge of
Booths photograph gallery aud is pre-
cared TO do portrait and view work. a
inc selection OF views Of the mines and
md Goldfeld. Gallery Oh Main street,
opposite Goldfeld Lumber Company's
yard.
S. Ewell & Co., of Marysville. Cal.
ave engaged space i'll The News for adj
yertising the celebrated Mar.sville
| Wooden Viii underwear, over shirts and
blankets for miners. these goods are
well known in every mining camp in this
county. See their ad in another column
Of this issue and send for catalogue.
WANTED To buy interest III unde-
yeloped mining claims near Goidheld.
&ust bear close investigation. Address
with full particulars,
MILTON JENKINS,
Real estate and mines. Mining stocks
sold on commission.
Box ga, Riverside, California. >
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1904-10-07
Found Dead in Bed.

John w. Burse, aged IS years, a
native of Calcutta, India, who has been
for some time employed as cook and
house servant for Manager Collins of the
Combination mine, was found dead in
his bed last Tuesday morning. 1t was
evident that he had been dead for some
hours and as he has been suffering with
rheumatism for some time it is believed
that his death was caused by rheuma-
tism of the heart. Under the circum-
stances Judge Collins did not deem it
necessary to hold al inquest. The fun
eral, which was conducted by under
takers Howe & Meacham, was held
Wednesday afternoon at 5 p. m. The
deceased had many friends in the dis
trict and is believed to have IA sister in
this country but her whereabouts are
unknown.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1904-10-07
A Iadicious Inquiry.

A well known travelling man who
visits the drug trade says he has often
heard druggists inquire of customers who
asked for a cough medicine, whether ii
vas wanted for IL child or for an adult,
md if for a child they invariably recon-
mend Cllamberlain's Cough Remedy.
The reason for this is that they know
here is no danger from it and that it
always cures. There is not the least
danger in giving it, and for coughs,
colds, and Group it is unsurpassed, For
sale by Martin Muller.
Ill., Gnont of iOl, nrintinn of This Office.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1904-10-07

Mrs. Leola Leon, Civil War Nurse and
Tailoress. Tent rear of Wells-Fargo Of
fee, Goldfeld.