The daily morning journal and courier., 1904-11-16

In 1T95 Immuel Kant published an es- say touching perpetual peace. and he proposed definite articles. leaving to each nation the management of it's To- cal concerns, but creating a eonfedera- tion Of free states, and finally eiti- zenship of the world, to which all men should have access with the right to maintain their residences in any state upon the earth's surface.
 In 1888 the New York Peace society petitioned the House of Representa- tives at Washington that all difficulties with other states should thereafter be submitted to a third power, and that there should be established, if possible, board of international arbitration. But the House of Representatives took no action upon the proposition.
 In 1872 Mir David Dudley Field pre- pared a proposed international code. providing a court. of arbitration to be constructed by league of nations. He proposed an elaborate system of arbitration to be controlled by joint high commission of ten persons; and if any nation in violation of the code, should begin war, then the other mem bers of the league should bind them selves to compel the offending nation by force to submit. None of these pros positions had any effect, except that they were educational. We of this generation, however, have just seen the first practical general steps for the submission of disputes between nations | to arbitration by the establishment, six years ago. of the Hague tribunal. Twenty seven nations of the world united in the establishment of this tri- bunal. One of the most influential par ties in securing it's establishment was William Mckinley, as President of the United States.
 A satisfactory tribunal was estab- l lished, to which any two or more na- tions may submit questions of enquiry, and questions for arbitration and judg- ment, but no nation that was a party to that convention is bound by it's terms to submit any question to the tribunal; and such nation may resort Automatically, or by other means to settle all disputes. The nations which united in providing the Hague tribunal stated that they were animated by a strong desire to concert for the.mainte-
 nance of the general peace: that they
 were resolved to second with their best
 efforts the friendly settlement of inter-
 national disputes; that they recognized
 the solidarity which unites the mem
 bers of the society of civilized nations; that they were deslrous of extending
 the empire of law, and of strengthening
 the appreciation of international jus. tice; and that they were convinced that
 the permanent institution of court of arbitration accessible to all in the
 midst of the independent powers, will
 contribute effectively to this result
 I After the establishment of this tri- Y bunal several years passed before any
 case was submitted to them. and our sI own country. under the administration of Theodore Roosevelt and his able sec- sI retary, John Hay, set the first example by submitting to the Hague tribunal the dispute with Mexico concerning the l Plus fund Very soon after that our l administration at Washington and that | of King Edward VII agreed to the set q clement Of the Alaska boundary ques- t,an " t,thnnal creats1 on tho lines