davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
pEosphoric Acid slanures.

Phosphoric acid manures are gener-
ally phosphate rocks treated with sui
phuric acid. Sometimes pure bones or
bone black or bone ash are treated
with the same acid and resulting mix
lures styled dissolved bones or super
phosphates. When made from phos-
phatic rock, bone black or bone ash
they contain only phosphoric acid.
When pure bones are used to 5 per
cent Of ammonia is also found. These
phosphate manures usually contain
their phosphoric acid in different
forms. Some of it is readily soluble
in water and is highly available as
plant food. Some of it is only soluble
in acids and is therefore only slowly, if
at all, available to plants, while an
other portion is intermediate in solu-
bility between the water soluble and
the acid soluble. The chemist uses
citrate of ammonia to dissolve this
form, and hence it is denominated as
citrate soluble phosphoric acid. 1t is
believed by many that this form Of
phosphoric acid has resulted from a
chemical action of the water soluble
upon the acid coluble, and hence it is
often called reverted" reduced" etc.
The water soluble is readily available
on all soils and by all plants. The
citrate soluble in soils containing vege-
table matter is believed to be availa-
BILE to many plants, while the acid solu-
BILE is not Immediately useful to most
soils. The water soluble and citrate
soluble are usually taken together and
called available phosphoric acid. In
buying phosphate manures preference
should be given, first to the water
soluble, then to the citrate soluble.
These three forms Of phosphoric acid
are usually called Soluble" reduced
and 'insoluble."
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
The Case Of Apostle smoot.

There are pretty good indications
that the Smoot case is not to be de-
cided by the senate at this session.
The delay in undertaking the investi-
cation is said to be due to a partisan
purpose. Nearly all the Republican
members of the senate favor retaining
Smoot, but the moral sentiment Of the
country is so strongly opposed to his
being allowed to retain his seat that
many senators do not wish to 60 on
record before the election. There is
also a partisan advantage to be gained
by delaying action. The Mormon
church is powerful political factor in
several Of the western states and holds
the balance Of power between the par
ties. The apostles Of the church can
deliver the electoral vote Of Utah and
Idaho whichever way their interest
dictates, and they are powerful fac
tor also in some other states.
By holding up the Smoot case the,
Republicans have a club in their hands
that will keep the Mormon church In
line until the presidential campaign is;
over and thus assure the electoral vote
Of the Mormon states for the Republic
an ticket.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

FARM LABOR.
Wages Higher In the United State,
In 1902 Than Since 1860.

Wages Higher In the United State,
In 1902 Than Since 1850.
The total number of agricultural Ia
borers Census of 1900 is given as
4,410.910, of whom 2,366,149 are mem
bers of the families of the farmers,
leaving only 2,044,761 persons hired on
farms outside the farm families. or
less than one hired laborer for every
alternate farm.
The greater number of farmers in the
country manifestly do their own work
by the aid Of their families. with occa-
sional exchange with q neighbor for
work requiring more than one person.
Employment by the job has been on
the increase, especially in all kinds of
work where it can be done to advan-
tage and sometimes in spite of some
disadvantages. Flowing and hoeing by
the acre, gathering fruits, digging root
crops, picking or husking corn by meas
ure, cutting corn by the shock of twelve
to sixteen hills square, as agreed, har-
vesting small grain by the acre and
thrashirg by the bushel are found to
be increasing practices. These and
kindred modes Of employment involve
great activity in their respective Pc
RODS, but leave long intervals unoccu-
pied. In the south stripping corn
blades "a choice food for horses is
done by count Of bundles, and cotton
is almost universally picked by the
hundred pounds, at prices in 1902 and
1903 varying from about 35 cents in
the Carolinas for short staple to 80
cents in Texas and going even to 81
toward the close of the season, when
the remnant is sparse and labor scarce
For picking the long staple, or sea is
land cotton, raised principally in South
Carolina, Georgia and Florida, IS cents
to 81 a hundred pounds is the custom
airy price. Board is not usually fur
nished to cotton pickers, but in some To-
calities rate with board is in use.
1t occurs in some instances that the
wages per month by the year are high
er than the wages per month by the
season. Among reasons assigned is
the superior quality Of men who can
be had for the year. On the other
hand, the advantage Of permanent en-
ployment is an inducement to accept a
less monthly wage.
Wages of farm labor per month for
the year or season without board We're
reported higher for 1902 than in 1899
in nearly all states. For the United
States they were higher than since
1866. For the following states and
territories they We're reported higher
than in any previous year during tile
period 1S66-19O2:
Maine, New Hampshire, North Caro-
lima, Florida, Minnesota. Iowa, South
Dakota. North Dakota, Wyoming, New
Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Wash
ington. Oklahoma and Indian Terri
tory. Bureau Of Statistics, Depart
ment of Agriculture.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
Early Peas Grown In Pots.

How English gardeners get peas for
private use at time when other vege-
tables are scarce is told by one of them
in American Gardening:
Much may be done to get good dishes
Of peas in April or May by sowing I'M
der glass now. Much heat is not re-
uuired, and another point of impor-
lance is to get new seed. The large
seed firms will supply it if asked to do
so, and for some years have had 1t
sent specially for pot culture. have
noticed three distinct methods Of Gull
ture-frames, pots and early borders
but glass is necessary at the start
Many growers sow in January, even
toward the end of the month, for May
and early June supplies, but to do this
heat is used, which means that the
plant gets greatly weakened at the
start. SO much so that a good yield Is
out Of the question. Though glass pro-
lection is advisable, do not, except In
very extreme cases, use heat at any Pc
Rod Of growth. 1t may happen that
many amateurs are unable to give glass
protection for the early pea crop, and
even here I have seen excellent results
by sowing in pots or boxes and merely
giving protection at the start or in Sc
we're weather. 1t is well known that
for the first few weeks the seed may be
grown in the dark, and it is protected
later on. I have protected with boards.
hoxes or dry bracken and by SO doing
GAINED at least three weeks to month
over the plant sown in the open. The
aid system Of growing In turf pits was
q good one.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
Seeding Clover In Spring.

On the farm where worked when a
boy and also on neighboring farms the
custom Of seeding down with rye was
quite common. We would SOW the
timothy in the fall if not too late; 9TH
erwise wait till spring; then some day
when there was a gentle rain take the
clover seed, if the timothy had been
previously sown; If not, the two to-
gether, and SOW the lot. If not too
pressed with work we would go over
the ground with good heavy bush,
but often the work was left for the
rain, when fairly good stands Of grass
would be made. In this section it was
useless sowing the clover in the fall, as
it invariably winter killed but sown
as above it compared we'll With seed
ing with other crops. 1 have found
that treating wornout sod to q good
narrowing when the soil is moist, then
resolving with grass seed, brought fair
results where one lacked time to give
it thorough tilling or where the now
ing could be i'll spared or where the
ground was too moist for titled crops.
We have a meadow of the latter order
that has been down to grass for thir-
ty-five years to my knowledge, kept UP
by the latter method. combined with
top dressing, that the past season could
have competed with any Clark method
grass we ever saw.-Cor. Rural New
Yorker.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
CARE OF MANURE.
aoldins II In the stable-Dr.w,..
Out and Spreading I'm the Field.

Holding Il In the Stable-Drawine
Out and Spreading In the Field.
On we'll managed farms the manure
Is no longer thrown out of doors to
freeze up or waste from the effects of
the weather. This method wherever
practfced makes more work in drawing
as we'll as reduces the value of the ma
nure. Quite a proportion of the large
dairy barns in Vermont have stables
wide enough to admit Of holding the
manure for several weeks ut time.
This is very convenient arrangement
so far as labor is concerned, but it NAV
not be the best in other ways.
Where it is practicable there should
be plenty OF room and some system of
ventilation adopted that will insure a
good atmosphere. think that this can
be done by having vent;lating tubes or
dues extending from near the floor next
to the back side of the stable and ex-
tending up through the roof. From our
own experience such system appears
to work We'll. and there is very good air
in the stable.
But where manure is thus kept in the
! stable it should be frequently removed.
Some practice drawing every few days,
and this will prevent any large accu-
mutation and be more satisfactory ev.
cry way. Some farmers object to hav.
ing manure in the stable. but keep ii
S~1
building adjoining. This adds to the
labor Of cleaning the stables, but does
away with the objection of having the
manure in them.
AS to what to do with the manure in
winter, the practice is now very gener.
ally in favor of drawing directly to the
field where wanted and spreading at
once. This method is being followed
more and more as the years go by. AT
first there was good deal of opposition
to this plan, as the writer we'll knows
but after the experience of years it is
coming to be understood that the sup.
posed loss from such practice is indeed
small, if any, while the advantages are
altogether in its favor.
f: 1t used to be the practice to draw
and put in small piles. four to six to q
load, where wanted and then spread in
spring, but this was very poor meth
cd, and very few instances are noticed
where this is now done. Where the
manure is spread as drawn the work
can be we'll done, and then as early in
spring as practicable without the pre-
vious hauling of manure on the soft
ground the other spring work can be
attended to. There may be some loca
tons where it would not be advisable
to spread manure in winter but farm
ers can determine this for themselves
2. +. Towle in American Cultivator.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
THE BULLFIGHT.
Mexicans Usually Leave the Arena
Detected and Disguated.

Mexicans Usually Leave the Arena
Detected and Disguised.
II was born and reared in the repub-
lie Of Mexico, and l never yet have
witnessed bullfght," said promi-
Enent and wealthy resident of the Mex
lean capital.
This form of amusement was never
to my liking, and, though / have no
criticism for those who go, it cannot
be pictured as an entertainment that
appeals to people of refined taste and
humane feeling. Yet it is sport that
makes people become in a way devo-
tees, and the bulltght habit once cult
waited is difficult to break. I have
heard Americans after witnessing their
first exhibition declare they would new
er 60 to another, and yet these very
people are apt to become the most
habitual attendants. Except on rare
occasions our native women do not at
tend the fights, but now and then they
go when the proceeds are to be given
to some charity.
zone of the curious phases of these
performances is the enthusiasm with
which the crowds start forth to view
it and the subdued and melancholy
way they leave when the fight is over.
Instead Of the eager locks and muir
murs of expectant pleasure, most Of the
spectators return detected and disgust
ed. The sport rarely comes up to the
anticipation of the public. The mata-
dore erred egregiously in this point or
that, and, though advice was hurled at
him on all sides, he did not profit by 1t.
Many give vent to their disgust In an
cry epithets, and yet next Sunday hnds
them at the ring as usual."-Washing-
ton Post.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
IN COLORADO.
lnteresting News and Notes on Farm.
| ing and Gardening Matters.

ing and Gardening Matters.
Last season a gardener III Boulder
county realized $1.1OG Co. IN acre oil
celery. The cost of planting is cstins%t-
ed ut $500 an acre, which leaves prof
1t of 5000 from little patch of land.
It is said that crop of celery needs
less work than mixed crop. but we do
not believe this.
A man in the northern part OF the
state did his fall blowing With
thrashing engine and two disk gang
plows. The scheme was begun as an
experiment and has proved great
success. At each round of the field the
outfit plows eight burrows. doing the
| work of four men and ZIG horses. In
this way twenty-five acres OF wheat
stubble are turned under every day at
an average cost of about SO cents an
acre.
H. w. Campbell. the father OF Camp
BELLS soil culture. which is doing so
much to reclaim the desert without ir-
rigation, will establish an experimental
farm between Akron and Otis. in
Washington county, to show what may
be accomplished by his plan of farm
ing land and raising crops successfully.
He tells us that near Hill City. Kan.
during the past year farm produced
forty-two bushels of wheat to the acre
under the subpacking system, While
the average for all the country round
| about was only nine bushels.
Taking the cue from Colorado. alfal-
| ia is now grown with more or less sue
cess in every state and territory of the
Union from Maine to Washington and
from California to Florida. 1t is fat
tering to our foresight in introducing
this great plant that it has gained rec
ignition as the best hay and soiiing
crop in the west. From every state the
report has gone out that alfalfa will,
when properly treated, become one of
the best fodder plants, although some
Of the old fogies down east still look
upon it as sort Of 'pizen weed" In
the south it has been widely recon-
mended as q valuable addition to the
list of forage plants and clovers. Colo
RADIO continues to lead all states of the
! Union both in acreage and yield.
Farmers in the older settled districts
are generally willing to pay $50 or
more for an acre-ditch right in order to
get more water for some portion of the
farm not already irrigated. At the
same time many farms have large per
cent Of land that is useless because of
seepage and alkali. Many acres would
be vastly benefited by draining off this
seepage water, and the cost rarely ex-
ceeds SIS an acre. Why pay $50 an
acre for more water when land can be
reclaimed by tile drainage ut less than
one-half that figure? This is the prop
er time to take up such matters, and
from what we learn through the sewer
pipe manufacturers of this city good
deal of work along this line has been
undertaken the present winter by farm.
ers throughout the irrigated Districts
Denver Field and Farm.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
shading In Horticulture.

Shading as a horticultural practice
has received much attention lately. Eli.
ther lath screens or cloth is used. Pro
lessor l.. G. Corbett in an address be.
fore the Society For Horticultural Sci
ence stated that the latter raises the
Temperature underneath. while the for.
mer lowers it. Lath screens in which
the spaces between the laths are OF the
same width as the laths themselves
produce what is called half shade.
Shading conserves soil moisture. raises
the humidity Of the air, serves as pro
tectiye against frost and in some cases
against disease.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
Alfalfa In Oregon.

It was observed at the Oregon expert
ment station that the roots Of some al
falfa plants withstood the presence OF
water in the soil, while the roots OF
other plants either stopped growth OF
rotted off when reaching certain de.
gree Of moisture. This effect is consid.
cred as indicating the possibility OF de-
yeloping by selection a type Of alfalfa
better adapted to the soil and climatic
conditions of western Oregon than the
type suited to arid soils and grown I'M
der irrigation.-J. Withycombe.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
Enoueh Ji~xoi.~

The American people are tired and
ashamed Of jingoism. This fact, con-
pied with the pendency Of proatdeu-
tai election, may serve to keep Candi-
cate Roosevelt from butdng into tho
fhr eastern mtxu-aaante Oonsttfn.
ton. iissa
ssnate-Bill requiring the use Of
American ships IN carrying Sovesn.
mont supplies discussed hut - dea-
mite action taken.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
A Logging Sled.

An Ohio Farmer correspondent tells
that a good boat or skipper for sled
ding logs can be made by using natural
crooks for runners, boiling on wide
plank for nose piece and pinning or
boiling bunk to the runners. This
may be mortised into the runners. as
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
sssK1ppER" FOR SHEDDING LOGS.

shown at Fig. /, or into 4 by 6 inch
piece bolted to runners. as shown by
Fig. 2. The best skipper, however, is
made from sawed stuff. The runners
should be tapered in front and the
bunk mortised into the bunk pieces and
fitted so tight that the bunk must be
pounded into place. In Fig. 3. A is
the bunk, B the bunk piece, G G the
runners and D the nose piece. These
letters correspond in Fig. 2, which is
a sectional view Of the skipper.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
start a Beef Club.

Start a beef club. Kill a beef and d..
vide up with the neighbors; they do
the same. Save money and get beef
you know something about. That's
vhat!-Exchange.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

ALDERMAN.
First Ward L. sS}iXWa n1iy + M HoaE.na
Third Ward 1885,. Chas. Haugh, VIM. Haverty.
SCHOOL BOARD.
Merbers of Board of Education-H, D.
Alert II. l.. Sullivan, Jno. McGauvran, +. A.
Farrell, Vim. Flumerfelt. IN ,,;,.o
Treasurer. ..''' ''''''g' Z Trnav
Clerk ''..'o. G' ~ ""--
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
SOCIETY DIRECTORY.

LoDGEoF PERFECT1oN:-Langgdean. IN No IS s
thirl Thnrsdays' of each month at the Masonic
Temple. NJ, .w M.
ROBERT Work, Sec'y.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
The ..Nevv Beet Culture


l will say a word in favor Of the
plan for starting beets: For earliest
sales use early under glass, transplant
ing to the open ground in spring just
as soon as the weather and soil condi-
lions will permit. In this way we can
get beets fit for the table week or so
ahead of the crop grown from earliest
outdoor sowing, and at this time they
are usually in ready demand at high
prices, comparatively speaking. Bunch
ed beets sold very well all last season,
but never at the prices which we read
lily secured even at wholesale for the
early transplanted lot. believe there
is good money in growing these first
early table beets.-T. Greiner in Farm
and Fireside.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10
Brfstles,


It is poor economy to compel the pigs
to sleep on q bare floor or in filth, as
too many do.
Look out for wind holes under the
floor.
Do not feed frozen swill or any half
frozen articles. It will cause indiges-
ton and loss in condition hard to re-
gain.
Be sure that there is no washing
powder or other injurious ingredient in
the swill.
Pigs must be made comfortable or
there will be big loss in keeping them.
Brood sows should have plenty Of ex-
ercise to make them and their progeny
strong.
You can depend upon it that nothing
II gained by starving the mother or
stinting newborn animal. = Farm
Journal.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

A.F.&A.M .-Lebanon Lodge holds, regular
communications at the Masonic Temple on the
se'oNo anu JOIN RYLANCE, W. NJ.
ROBERT Work, Secretary.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

DEGREE OF HoNOR.-Meets in the Work.
man hall on the first and third Friday OF each
month. II
Mrs. BELLE BIRMINGHAM, Recorder.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

A, o. Q. w.-Langdon Lodge meets in the u
Workman hall the first and third Monday o1
each month. AN,
THos. SHEEHAN, Recorder.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

LADY MACCABEES.-La Hive Of the
Lady Maccabees meet in the Workman hall,
MRS. BELLE BIRMINGHAH, Commander.
MRS. NJ. L. SULLIVAN, Record Keeper.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

O.E. S.-Langdon Temple holds regular com, !:
munications on the first and third Tuesday S OF
each month at the Masonic ha!l, uu
JAS. H. Balm, MRS. \. WoRh, :" ~ ~ D
Sec'y. JAS. >. LoINEs' W.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

M. W.A.-Langdon Camp, No. $3.50 meets in
ne Woodman hall the second and fourth
e%'~'' 'P P. P. KopR1vA, VIC.
40. VOID, Clerk,
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

!. YEoMEN.-Meet in the K. of P. hall, on the
first and third Thursdays' Of each month.
THos. SHEEHAN. Yeoman.
&C. CRAWFORD, Sec'y.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

=, W. o. W.-Excelsior Lodge No. 81, meets on
me second and fourth Tuesdays of each month
IN the Woodman Hall.
F. E. B. MERCER, c.
A. E. L1NDsrnoM, Clerk.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

- - ~. F.-Langdon Court, Independent Order
S.stt oresters. meet in the Workmen hall. the
'sss and third Tuesdays, Of each month.
w. A. FERGUSON, G. X.
III. Balm. Rec. sec'y. "
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

RATHBONE SISTERS.-Langdon Temple
No. 5, meets every Thursday evening at tne N
of p. hall. no
MISS LILLY SHAW, NJ. Of R. & G.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

K. o. T. M.-Langdon Tent of Maccabees
meet in the Forester hall the first and thru
Thursdays of each month.
G. q. MoELLR1NG, K. Of R.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

!. o. R. M.-Langdon Tribe of the Redmen
meet at the Workman hall every Wednesday
evening.
J.W. MAHoN. sacham,
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

KNIGHTS OF pYTH1As.-Meet on Mednes-
day evening Of each week at the K. Of P. hall.
HENRY BAKER, G. G.
4. A. SHAW, Recorder.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

n. B. A.-Modern Brotherhood Of America
d. fig Is 10 the Workman Hall the second Thurs
usS OF each month.
On ". A. FssausoM. President.
Sso' Z. DuNAtaAM, 6scrotary.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

COZ. No. sos-st. Alphonsus Court. meets ITS
on the first and third Wednesdays OF sac "a
month in their hall over the Mooney state
Bank. EDMUND A. MCCAY, y. n.
JAMES ]. MOVER, sec'y.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-03-10

LADY c. O. Est. Mary's Court, meets at
the Forester hail on the second and fourth
Tuesdays of each month.
Mrs. Jos. POWER, Rec. Sec'y.