davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

found in idleness at any season in the year. They have learned the beauty or work. the disgrace of idleness. Judged purely from an economic and industrial point of view, then. the education of the negro is paying and will pay moro largely in the future in proportion as educational opportunities are increased.
 But 1t has been repeated with em- phasis that no matter how much strneeth of mind or skill of hand the black man may acquire. the weak point is that education, after all. does not heln but actually retards his moral growth. and that educated negro youths are more given to crime than was true in the older generations. In passing. may I remark, that study of the criminal statistics of the whole world sbors that 1t is the young who are nost given to crime. But what are inc facts as to the effect of education? within the last month I have asked and secured direct information as to inc criminal records of the graduates of fifteen of the largest and oldest negro colleges and industrial schools, and the facts are. that only two graduates out of the total number have ever been sentenced to prison, and that at the present time not a single man or woman bearing the diploma of one of these fifteen institutions wears the pri- son garb.
 As l have said many times before.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

There are only fifteen hundred pupils in the grounds in the various depart ments every day, and their conduct and general behavior Is most excellent. One riding through the grounds can but notice the good order that prevailed everywhere and the spirit of industry that greets the eye on every hand. To go into the stables. the COW lots. the stalls for the cattle. everything Is clean and attractive, and an air of good management and constant attention Is the impression upon the visitor. As be- fore stated. a new department has been added and the green houses are as near perfection as care and experts can make them and 1t will not be long be- fore this department will have more flowers than any florists in this section. and will be prepared to fill all orders that may come. It is now In the first stages. but those in charge know their business. and 1t will be a success.
 Industry and thrift and how to make their own living and good citizens Is what Is instilled Into the pupils of this school, and the evidences on every hand show that an education has paid those who have had the benefit of It's advantages in every way. Those who were ignorant and idle before, have tion, and. above all. how to work. The records show that those who have gone out are engaged In lucrative and hon est employment, and that a recommen- dation from the school secures a situa
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

July 23. 1901. Deputy Marshall Price was made a cripple for life, and in deed was left for dead on the scene of the battle with the moonshiners. Cord Mackie was also badly wounded.
 In 1901 two officers were killed and four wounded. Deputy Collector, John F. I.anier was killed in Alabama, Depu- ty Marshall, A. 8. Waitley. was killed and w. A. Hess was wounded in Lincoln county. Georgia: John H. Chapman and Charles Gee were wounded in North hampton county, North Caroli- ma.
 Years ago the casualty list was much larger and the number of arrests small CT.
 In 1878 there were fewer than 800 seizures. yet 8 men were killed and r wounded.
 Not What It Once Was.
 Modern moonshining is not nearly so romantic as the old time manufacture of mountain dew" The 'shiner of old would defend his stilll lwlilltlhllll llil would defend his still with his life and a location" and a raid ment a battle. Nowadays the moonshiner thinks dis erection the better part of valor and when the revenue men find him out he decamps.
 Moonshining is no longer a strictly Amountain business either. Four stills were destroyed and six arrests were made in the city of Philadelphia last ysar. New York. Chicago, New Haven, and Concord are other places where the
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

moonshining States, with e total of S69 stills seized and 748 arrests made in the year. North Carolina came next with 252 stills seized and 28 arrests. In Kentucky there were 52 seizures and 8 arrests. In Tennessee there were S2 seizures and Is arrests. In Alabama there were 130 stills destroyed and S2 'shiners arrested. The total expense of the year in apprehending and prose- cutting Illicit distillers was $73.419.59.
 Fewer Fatal Affrays.
 The loss of life by officers in the revenue service Is not what 1t was twenty years ago, although the un- wary revenue man Is by no means safe in certain mountain localities. In the fiscal year of 1903, there were 1888 seizures and 1896 arrests, the greatest number of any year. yet no casualties to officers were reported. In 1902, there were 1.048 seizures and 1,036 arrests One officer was killed, Marshall Hol- sonback being shot In Marshall county, Ala. on January II, 1902. Two posse men were wounded on sensational raid in Putnam county, Tennessee. on
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

degree of intelligence. One manufac- turing firm in Birmingham keeps a standing order with us to the effect that it will employ every man that we recommend. It Is safe to say that if the number of students leaving the school for vacation had been twice as large, each one would still have found work of some kind Investigation shows still further that our students command an average wage that is three times as large as that which they earn ed before receiving any training at the Tuskegee Institute. That is, expressed ill terms of dollars and cents, the Southern white people place three times as much value upon the services of an educated negro as they place upon the services of an uneducated one.
 Further, in South Africa there are five millions of black people who have never been brought, through school or other agencies, into contact with a higher civilization. in a way to have their minds or their ambitions strength ened or awakened. As result. the industries of South Africa languish and refuse to prosper for lack of labor. The
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

most selfish and mercenary view' l claim that whatever measure Of edu- cation the negro has received has paid. and will pay more largely In the ru- ture.
 Reasoning from the known to the unknown, I begin with the Tuskegee Institute. At the close of our school year, about five hundred and twenty five young men left the school for va cation. I find by careful investigation that the services of practically all of these men had been engaged many days before they left school. In several cases, tickets were sent to defray their passage on the railroad. One firm in Mississippi employed twenty-five stu dents for the summer. and sent their railway tickets. In other cases. agents representing various industrial plants came in person to urge students to enter their employment. Still others solicited them by mall and telegraph. Those seeking the labor of our stu dents were practically all Southern white people. In the majority of cases, the students were sought for labor which requires not only skill. but
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

CT this progress represents the infiu- ence of slavery. or freedom, or both. It Is enough for us to know that 1t Is an accomplished fact. and that our common country should have the credit
 have been referring to unsettled and debatable questions concerning the growth of my people, and ask to be permitted at this point to dwell a llt- tie upon one other such question. one that seems to be given considerable prominence just now in the minds of important people. From several quar-
 ters the statement has recently come that education not only does not ben eft the negro race, but actually hind CTS his progress. If this contention is true. there Is no better time. or more fitting place to make known the truth than at this great exposition. which represents the ripest work of the hand and head of our mighty country, and especially of that section where the negro has dwelt in largest numbers, and where his hands have been most active. Who is there so shallow of heart, or little of mind that he cannot appreciate that but for the negro's eff fort in clearing the forests. draining the swamps. building railroads. plant ing and reaping the cotton, rice. and cane. the panorama of progress and enlightenment which we behold here would be woefully wanting in comple- ktQnf But to continue--df we take the
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

twenty-sixth of the total real estate In that commonwealth exclusive of his holdings in towns and cities. and that in the counties east of the Blue Ridge Mountains he owns one sixteenth. In Middlesex County he owns one-sixth; in Hanover one-fourth. In Georgia the official records show that largely through the influence of educated men and women from Atlanta schools and others, the negro pays taxes in that State. alone on s16.700,000 worth of property. From nothing to $16,000,00o in one State in forty years does not seem to prove that education is hurting the race very much. Relative progress has taken place in Alabama and sother Southern States. Every man or wo- man who graduates from the Hampton or Tuskegee Institute. who has become intelligent and skilled in any of the industries of the South. is not only in demand at an increased wage on the part of my race, but there is an equal demand from the white race. A care full examination shows that of the men and women trained at Hampton and Tuskegee not ten per cent. can be
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

native black man refuses to work be- cause he has been neglected. He has few wants and little ambition. and his crude and few wants may be satisfied by laboring one or two days out of the seven. In the southern part of the United States there are more than eight millions of my race. who. by contact with whites, and by education in the home. in school and in church. have had their wants increased and multiplied many times. Hence, instead of a people in idleness we have in the South a people who are anxious to work because they want education for their children; they want land. and houses, and books, and papers. Looked at. then. from the most materialistic and selfish point of view. 1t has paid to awaken the negro's mind and there should be no limit placed upon the development of that mind. From the most selfish point of view. the education of the negro has paid.
 We are to live in the South, and sym pathy between the races Is vital. We must convince the Southern wffte peo- pie of the value of educating the negro. and this we are doing, according to the testimony of the Southern people themselves Some time ago I sent out letters to representative Southern white men, covering each ex-slavs State, ask ing them. 1ulgtng by their obseryations
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11
Record at Tuskegee I1stitute.

ally forbidden to take a single negro from Southern fields. One party ar gued that the future hope of the me- gro consisted in keeping in close touch with the American white man; another said that 1t was the part of wisdom to keep the two races as completely separated as possible. A third argued that the negroes return to Africa; an- other that they remain in America. Oth- CTS contended that with the ballot tho negro was doomed; and still others that without the ballot destruction awaited him.
 Thus have indicated a few of the points upon which some of the most in- telligent and influential white people have differed in the past. These al- most bewildering contentious and diff ferences prove two points: one. that the white man Is not entirely omnisci- ent on this subject, and the other, that the negro deserves the greatest credit for having kept his head and courage in the midst of such confusing conten- tions and differences. Few races or any color could have withstood the tremendous strain of these contending
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

same time the Legislature of the State
 of Alabama established an Agricultural
 Experiment Station in connection with
 the school. About three years ago
 two wings were added to the building
 at cost of s5,o0o. Room for ade-
 quate laboratory and museum is thus provided Under the direction of the head of this department. work Is sim pie and easily understood by the stu dents. It conssts tn the main. of analysis of the soil. for tine purpose of learning what elements need be sup piled In order to make them more pro- ductiye. This enables the students to make . proper selection of fer tilizers. Fertilizers are also test ed to find their composition. Feeds are tested to find those best adapted to fat. to milk. or muscle. There is also practical analysis of ~aii dairy products-milk, butter and cheese and a comprehensive study of for eign and native forage plants. All tho scientific knowledge 10 carried daily into the fields and into the prac- tical work of the various divisions of the department. In this way the tech-
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

forces during so long a period, and have continued to grow in property, intelligence, Christian character, and numbers. At every point at which the negro has touched the white man, the negro has had the wisdom to get some thing that has made him & stronger and more useful citizen.
 In the midst of the various uncer- tainties. few strong, definite, and un- debatable facts stand out clear and convincing; and these should strength en our faith and our activities for the future. Centuries ago the negro be- gan life in America in paganism; to- day there are nearly ten millions of Christians in the race: he began life without a language; today he speaks the English tongue; from a slave he has grown into an American citizen and a property owner: In hands formerly bound by the fetters of slavery, he re- ceives to day the Bible, the spelling book, the hatchet, the blow. the trowel, the college diploma. These constitute distinct and potential signs of pro- gress and high citizenship. Nor need we stop at this period to inquire wheth-
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

nical knowledge of the laboratory is worked out fin the fields and in the products of the dairy. garden and or chard. About one hundred and six cows are mixed daily in the Dairy Di- vision. The milk from these cows is used to prove the experiments of the laboratory, and also supplied to tech- CTS and students as milk and butter in Teachers and Students Home depart ments. Tuskegee butter has been called by competent judges, excellent, both in appearance and quality.
 The orchard and truck garden are also used for practical results. Bud ding. grating, trimming and the care of plants and trees are taught always with a view of supplying fruit and vegetables for the school Some spien did results have come from the Arri- cultural Department and are set forth in the bulletins issued by the Expert- ment Station.
 The Present Term.
 The present term is the most success full in the history of the school in the way of attendance and contributions.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

in their own communities. what effect education had upon the negro. To these questions received almost unanimous testimony to the following facts: that education has made the negro a more useful citizen; that 1t has made him more economical and more inclined to acquire property; and that 1t has made him a more valuable work man. especially where skill and thought are required.
 Let us pursue the economic side still further. All will agree that the negro, in Virginia for example, began life forty years ago in complete poverty. scarcely owning clothing or a days food. Right here. lay emphasis upon conditions in Virginia for the reason that the Hampton Institute Is located in that State. and Is the oldest and most widely known of all our schools. From an economic point of view, what has been accomplished for Virginia alone largely through the example and work of the graduates of Hampton and other large schools in that State? The re- ports of the State Auditor show that the negro today owns at least one
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

but the rule is applicable to larger areas. He should not cultivate fifty acres if he can secure better results from 25. It will pay him to release 75 bushels of corn, or 25 bushels Of wheat per acre from 25 acres. while he may lose money if he secures 50 bush- els of corn or 25 bushels of heat, per acre. from fifty acres. It Is not the gross amount Of produce he receives that pays, but the net. It requires more time to spread given amount of manure over two acres than upon one. and, so far as cultivation is concerned. the cost is double. Now, all this ox- tra work may be thrown away if the farmer can, by lessening the area. de- vote more time and attention to q small space. There will be less hur- ry. more thorough cultivation. greater facility in harvesting. fewer lahorers and better condition of the working stock. It Is in the correct application of labor that the profits are derived.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11
THE MooNsHINER.

The Manufacture of "Mountain Dew7
 Not So Romantic as of Tore. Richmond Times.
 Washington. Dec. 3.-That ancient feud between the moonshiner and the revenues" has Its record in many a notched gun-stock. but according to the annual report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. John W. Yerkes, no officer of the government lost his life during the fiscal year ending June 30. 1904. But one man was wounded. Deputy Collector George T. Rives be- ing shot while on a raid near Marys- vile. Va. November o2. 1903.
 During the year there were 986 illicit distillerles seized and destroyed, 30 seized and removed and 99l arrests were made. Georgia led the list of
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

committed by the President than to re- tain Shaw in the Secretaryship of the Treasury during a term in which. If the public is not much mistaken, the Presi- dent proposes to urge progressive poli- cies. Shaw will use his influence and power, with all the cunning of which he is capable. to undermine his chief in order to strengthen himself with tho great interests which the President is likely to offend He will betray the President If he sees advantage for him- self; and he will find that opportunity in ample measure. If MT. Roosevelt does not already know these things, he can secure some useful information by Investigating of what Iowa knows about Leslie M. Shaw. If he will act as this information will suggest. he will save himself from a tremendous blun- der at the beginning of his new term.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

revenue officers made faids and foun1 Illegal liquor trickling through an un. lawful worm into a vat that knew not the sancuty of governmental protec- ton. These moonshiners were all k1oe enough. when discovered, to mako no armed resistance. Probably they coulA not understand the sentimental siGo ok moonshining which makes . oeorgiA cacker or Kentucky mountaineer willing to give up his life in defense of what he believes to be his right to turn his own grain into whiskey.
 Eastern Kentucky and East Tennes- see are coming to be prohibition dis- tricts now and many mountain counties that were once the haunts of the boot legger are now dry" by virtue Of nc popular will expressed in local option elections in Kentucky and through the medium of the four-mile law in Ten- nessee.
 Maybe the mountaineer's prejudice against taxed whiskey has been an ag- ent of temperance.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11
supplie. Many ,rinl.ter..

Dr. Alexander Mackenzie. President of Elmira College, N. Y., Is one of fifty men contributed to the Presbyterian ministry from the village of West zor- ra, Ont, in the past half century. The the church there is the largest country congregation in the Canadian preshy- terian communions Zorra was settled seventy-five years ago by exiies frclr1 the north of Scotland.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

tion for all who will come. There has been no failing off in the income to the school and no setback to the good work 1t has been and Is doing, so far
 as thorough and careful investigation could discover.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11
Small Farm. Pay Best.

It is a waste of time and labor to cultivate two acres. If larger crop can be secured, approximately, on one. One acre may not support a farmers
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

Home View Ot Shaw. Sioux City Qa-) Tribune. No more dangerous mistake could -
The Montgomery advertiser., 1904-12-11

In Agriculture.
 The most interesting and valuable department of the school is that of agriculture. And 1t Is a fact that none of the work of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute has proven more successful than the work done in the Agricultural Department and that under the supervision of the Agricultural Experiment Station, es- tablished by the Legislature of Ala bama. in connection with the school
 The chief aim of this department Is to make the Instruction practical as well as scientific. From the begin ming of the school. special prominence has been given to all forms of work connected with the cultivation of the soil. About eighty-five per cent of the colored people of the South live in the country districts. They are farm CTS and by their labors must support themselves and families. A part of Tuskegee's method of education has been to prepare young men, by actual work on the school farm. in raising food supplies caring for stock. fruit. and all useful products, so as to be- come intelligent and successful farm CTS. In 1897 a splendid modern build ing, the Slater-Arm5trong Memorial Agricultural Building it Is named costing about $lo.o0o, was built and equipped for teaching both practical and scientific agriculture. About the
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-06-16
National Guard.

There is movement on foot to
organize a company of National
Guard in Logan. and from all indica-
tions and the interest which ia being
taken in the matter there will be no
trouble whatever In securing the
required number of men. The 7th,
regiment Is lacking three companies
for the number necessary, and aa
Logan is in the territory of this
regiment, with the consent of the
proper authorities, which has al
ready been obtained, a company
may be organized. Ali men be-
tween the ages of 18 and So are elie-
ible, and about fifty-one names are
required to obtain a charter. Mr..
J. w. Gabriel and DIR. d. A. Ran
nells are the. LEADERS of the move
ment, and every body seems in
favor of its establishment. Quite !.
number Of names have already v
been put on the list.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-06-16
Deputy Probate on Vacar lon

Miss Lorenna Scholl the pleasant
and accommodating Deputy Clerk
in the Probate Court is gone for
her summer vacation to the home
her parents. We hope she has not
issued Marriage Licenses until she
herself has gotten in the notion.
But if so all we can say is, lucky
is that young man and right
worthy must he be for to wed
such as she.
All who know her in the office
vote her one of the most obliging
young ladies known in our town,
and say the Judge made no mistake
when he took in his office the
daughter of his neighbor who was
"raised" as the Judge often said
"just on the other side of the
fence" from where the Judge was
reared.
Miss Scholl contemplates visit
to st. Louis and North West Ohio
and Kansas during her vacation.
The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1904-06-16
Thurness-Wright Co.

The Thurness-W Wright Co. have
instituted one of the largest sales
OF any that have come before the
people of this community for many
years. Their buyer, Mr.. Hamil-
ton, was in New York in time to
secure a quarter-million dollar.
worth of the Sweetzer- Penn brook
magnificent stock, in their liquid
ating sale. These goods were
bought at one-half to one-forth
their value, and Thurness- Wright
Co. will give their customers the
benefit of their great fortune. Go
with the crowd and see these
goods.