davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
SHEEP AND LAMBS.
Rules For Determining Their Age
by the Teeth.

by the Teeth.
Under ordinary conditions it is safe
to take the teeth us IL sure indication of
a sleeps age. says Edward Van AL
styne in Rural New Yorker. OF course
with some breeds or individuals that
mature early there might be q little
variation. The following are the ac-
cepted rules and may be found useful
lin determining the age of Il sheep:
AT one month there are eight tempo
rary front teeth or incisors always in
the lower jaw and three temporary
molarS on each side of each jaw. At,
three months there will be added a per-
manent molar to the three temporary
ones. AT nine months there will APP
pear the second permanent molar. At
from twelve to fourteen months the
front teeth appear.
AT eighteen months there will be the
third permanent ola At from twen-
ty-one to twenty-five months there will
be four permanent inciSors. AT twenty
seven months the temporary molars
drop out, and permanent ones take
their place. AT thirty months there
will be the six permanent incisors.
AT from three years and four to six
months all the eight permanent Incl
sors have appeared, and the sheep may
be said to have a full mouth. After
this it is not sc easy to tell, but If the
teeth are eve and the mouth full one
may take it to be between four and
five years. From this time on the gen
eral condition of the sheep and the
good or bad state of the teeth will in
dictate whether the sheep "a be profit
ably kept or not.
Those accustomed to them can very
readily pick out an old sheep by the
look Of It's face. When the teeth begin
to get short or the face begins to take
on AZ aged look they would better be
disposed of. Nor is it wise to wait that
time. After Il sheep gets five years or
past and is fat never give it an op-
portunity To get poor.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
POINTS ON FEEDING

The best feed we have eve used for
calves. considering the money value, is
bright. sweet corn fodder stored in the
early fall under shelter. says a Ken
lucky farmer in American Agriculturist.
Twenty calves have been wintered
almost exclusively on such roughness.
with only enough good mixed hay to
keep up their appetites. They con
sumed about 100 shocks. worth 121Sa
cents each. and IL ton of hay. esti-
mated at SD. making a total OF $3O.75
worth of feed. This is equivalent to
$1.50 per head for the entire winter,
which l consider very cheap.
Blood Meal.
Dried blood OF blood meal is insolu-
bic i'll water. 1t usually contains about
SO per cent of protein and is therefore
a valuable feed to use with corn or any
other feed that is low i'll protein. Be
ing Il concentrated feed, 1t must be
given in small quantities and mixed
with slop. meal or other feed. To
y ag pigs Il ~teaspoonful per head dali
ly may be fed. and this may be In
creased as the pigs grow older until a
pound per day for eight to ten head is
given. About a tablespoonful per day
is fed to horses:,N AHA-the-Amount for
cattle varies from five or six ounces
per day for young stock or steers just
going on feed up to one pound per day
and sometimes as high as two pounds
for steers on full feed or cows in full
m~ilk.-Rural New Yorker.
Cottonseed Meal and Hulls.
In feeding steers for the market 1
should begin with about three pounds
of meal per day. mixed with about fif-
teen pounds of hulls. Gradually in
crease until a maximum of about ten
pounds per day is reached. mixed with
twenty-five pounds of hulls. says a
Texas feeder in Farm and Ranch. On
an average eight pounds per day is suf-
flcient. mixed with about twenty-five
pounds of hulls. making a total of thir-
ty pounds per day to each steer.
A Texas Eattening Ration.
The following weights are taken from
the work of the Texas experiment sta
ton in 1898, says Farm and Ranch:
On %cottonseed meal and bulls alone
good tw~o-year-old steers gain in 100
days feeding 2T pounds per 1000
pounds of steers. Fed $40 days these
steers gain 357 pounds per 1000 pounds
live weight, but during the last 40 days
they are fed lightly on corn chops. A
little sorghum hay improves the ra-
ton.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Use OF Grade Bulls,

The rock OH which the growing Of
market cattle is likely to founder liz the
grade bull, says A. G. Lucas in Review.
Many are good lockers, but for breed
ers' purposes are worse than useless.
| do not underrate the value of good
individuality. Every bull that does not
possess it should be steered regardless
of how blue his blood may be. But, on
he other hand, there is no greater
fallacy in cattle growing than that
which places Il value for breeding pur-
poses OH individuality that is without
breeding behind it to insure its per-
petuation i'll the progeny. A grade
bull. no matter how fine u steer he
might have made, will not do this.
The use Of good pure bred bulls on
common stock will make Il herd of cat
tie that grows better with every gem
GRAFTON. provided the environment Is
made fairly good, but the use of grade
sires is about as short Il cut to the
production of scrubs as one can take.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Raising Horses
On the Farm

Farmers we'll situated should raise q
good colt every year to be disposed Of
at three years old or under, says j. w.
Ingham in National Stockman. The
oats and hay which it would consume
will bring more when til Acolt is sold
than if they had been sent to market,
and the manuae retained on the farm
would pay for all the trouble of han
ding the colt. Hay and grain sold to
likely farm stock are sold in the best
market, and the market is right at
home.
The kind of horses for farmers to
raise is the kind there is the most de-
mand for in the region where they live.
The wants for different kinds of bust
ness in different localities differ. and it
Is to the interest of producers to en-
deavor to supply the article the mar
ket requires.
Where great loads are to be moved
and speed is not required, where the
roads are smooth and good, the large
breeds Of horses will always be popu-
lul, Jul MHSlc tue EOiuS dEe EOuSu
muddy, full of stumps and stones,
where brush, logs and rocks must be
driven over. smaller horses, being more
nimble and sure footed, will accom-
plish more in a day with less fatigue
to themselves, less danger Of falling
down, less liability of getting famed
and more comfort to their drivers than
large horses.
Large horses require more feed, Just
as large engines require more fuel,
whether worked up to their full capac-
ity or not. The strength Of large horses
Is not so great in proportion to their
size as smaller ones. The reason Is
that the smaller horses, like the small
er men, are composed of better tim
ber' and natures more refined work
manship. Their muscles are more firm
ly knit, their sinews more tense and
tough and their bodies and brains full
er of nervous power and energy than
the larger species.
The french Coach Horse.
A carriage horse which combines
style and substance always finds a
market at good prices. For this rea-
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Baby Beef Production.

This method of production cannot be
universally adopted, for. while there Is
a strong demand for baby beef on the
home markets, it Is not suited to ac-
company the great surplus of nearly
100000 Of live cattle into the export
trade. Perhaps Il more potent reason
why baby beef production cannot be-
come universal is found in the fact
that none but the skilled breeder and
feeder who is willing to devote his
most painstaktng energies to the work
can make u success Of it. 1t is without
question a line of production requiring
experience and the exercise of good
Judgment in feeding and the careful
performance of all detail work in order
to insure success.-Professor Shaw Of
Michigan Agricultural College.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
A TAMwoRTH BOAR.

-L ~ AEHEsaH Vs.
length. depth and narrowness of body
and lightness of hams, says Breeders
Gazette. Farmers Of the corn belt
look with no little degree Of curiosity
on these reminders of the primitive
hog, of these suggestions of the ''elm
peelers' of the pioneer woods. But
they find their place in the economy
of porcine production. Widely at va
rance with improved type of the lard
hog and with the modern form OF the
Berkshire. the Tamworths have sue
ceeded in winning the high favor of the
curers of bacon. as their length and
depth of sides. their light waste, their
large proportion of lean red meat to
fat, make them very attractive to pack
ers who make a speciality of bacon
curing.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
winterinr sheep.

Good, comfortable, roomy sheds are a
necessity where sheep are to be win
tered. These need not be expensive,
but should be well ventilated, free
from drafts and situated on dry
ground. says Wool Markets and Sheep.
A large open yard, apart from that oc-
cupied by other animals, should be
provided for exercise. Too much con-
tinement in overwarm or i'll ventilated
stables is fatal to success with sheep.
On the other hand, comfortable quar-
ters, regular and liberal feeding, plen-
iy of pure water and a sufficiency of
talt will go far toward insuring their
successful wintering and a strong crop
of lambs in the spring.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Concerning Goats.

Mohair ranks next to silk as a textile
fabric.
In localities where the milk goat is
kept children are particularly healthy.
The average yield of the milk goat
Of Switzerland is said to be 446 pounds
of milk Il year.
The investment Of a little money
and a good deal of intelligence in the
Angora business Will soon put the in
weston on Easy street.
A famous shepherd has said, Never
let a hundred dollar bill stand between
you and a good sire" The same advice
is equally good for the goat breeder.
Mohair is said to be a most excellent
substitute for making some Of the
goods which We're formerly obtained
from fur bearing animals now extinct.
american Sheep Breeder.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Selection Of
Breeding Swine

No two men will exactly agree as to
what constitutes a perfect hog. Diff
ferent mel linen of equal ability will
pick out different hogs as the win
ners, says Il correspondent of Western
Swine Breeder. This is due to their
different ideas as to type and perfec-
ton. Lei us see What are the require
ments of a perfect hog. They are size,
bone, quality, color, markings, hair,
head, ear, symmetry, style, beauty,
evenness and a dozen smaller require
ments. These are all but minor re-
~quirements in an ideal hog. The cru
cial test, and the one requirement in
an ideal hog, is. Will lie make the most
pork out of the least amount of feed?
All the former go to please the eye;
the latter. is to fill the pocketbook. If
need be we could dispense with all the
former. but the latter is the life of the
business.
What l wish to impress upon the
breeder is, do not forget the para
mount object of the breed. 1t should
be your duty to do all you can in select
ing such stock as will make the most
gain from the feed fed. Feed is high
and will go higher as the years pass on.
1t will only be with the utmost care
and closest selection that we will be
able to raise the excellence of efficien-
cy that has been attained in the last
twenty-five years. We can scarcely
hope to accomplish as much in the next
twenty-five years. Still there is plen-
ty of room left.
You may wonder what type l con-
slider as the nearest perfect. 1t GER
tainly can be no other than the me-
dunn hog. Extremes are always bad,
be they in character, climate, weather
or in stock. Extremes are bound to be
unpopular. The short and shuffy hog
may not waste much feed, but he is
sluggish. weighs little and would ex-
terminate the breed if continuously
used for breeding purposes. The long,
lean and gaunt hog. in my opinion, is
a poor and wasteful feeder, requiring
too long a time to market.
The Tamworth Pig
or all breeds introduced to this our
try the Tamworth most nearly resem-
bles the primitive type of hog in length
and of nose and head,
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Advantages Of
Baby e +
Professor R. s. Shaw of the Michigan
Agricultural college saws in Michigan

Professor r. s. Shaw of the Michigan
Agricultural college says in Michigan
Farmer:
According to our understanding of
Che term baby beef, it was primarily
intended to apply to well finished
steers mt heifers at twelve months
Of age or %thereabout and ranging in
weight from 900 to 1000 pounds. Two
things are essential to this classical
tion-the animal must be young and it
must be we'll finished.
The chief advantage is that of
economy in production. The fact that
the most economical gains are made in
early life has been established beyond
a doubt.
From a purely financial standpoint
h producer secures an advantage in
that the returns from animals finished
as baby beeves come back to him one
third to one-half sooner than when the
animals are matured and marketed at
from twenty-five to thirty months of
age, and the returns are proportionate-
~ greater.
Where baby beef is produced the
pastures can be devoted almost solely
to the use of the producing females-in
fact, utilized entirely by cows-whereas
their numbers would have to be re.
duced from one-third to one-half by
the yearlings, ~two-year-olds and pos
sibly some three-year-olds.
When baby beef Is successfully pro-
duced no periods of stagnation occur
In the progress of their development
such as happen SO frequently in the
case OF the yearlings or two-year-olds
being "wintere0 over"
Another decided advantage is found
in the fact that no market discrimina-
ton has been made against heifers of
this class, whereas such has been the
custom with those Of more advanced
age.
Grain used in baby beef production
will be from 80 to 100 per cent more
productive than when fed to mature
has hitherto commanded a price far
beneath the latter on the market.
AS the finishing takes place before
maturity it is possible to control in
some measure the relative develop
ments of flesh and fat.
Prise Winning Hereford Bull.
Commenting OH the Hereford bull
Prime Lad, which won the first prize
in his class at the st. Louis exposition.
Breeders Gazette says: Prime Lad
had been handled for a couple Of years
with especial reference to the st. Louis
competition. and he fulfilled all hopes
and expectations. This level lined,
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
THE VETERINARY

If a sheep is seen biting his sides and
pulling out wool with his teeth the
chances are ten to one that he is trou-
bled With fleetwood Markets and
Sheep.
Treatment For leaves.
Dampen all hay and grain fed and
feed very sparingly of hay or other
Fowler's solution of arsenic in each
feed, and Increase the dose gradually
until giving ounce doses.-Farm and
Ranch.
HOG Cholera.
There is no specific for hog cholera.
Observe strict sanitation and allow the
pigs charcoal, sulphur. hyposulphite Of
soda and any other antiseptic you may
choose. Burn all dead animals.
Rheumatism In Horses.
Rub joints twice daily with alcohol.
then cover with cotton batting band
ages. Three tines tally give two
drains %salicylate of soda, one dram
fluid extract of colchicum seeds and
thirty drops fluid extract of belladon-
III leaves. Feed soft food. Lessen
dose of colchicum If bowels become
too loose.
Lump jaw.
Mix two drains biniodide Of mer-
curry with two ounces Of lard and APP
ply a little once a week; also give one
dram iodide of potassium at a dose
twice a day in bran mash and continue
1t for six weeks.-American Agriculture
list.
Worms In Horses.
After starving the animal for twelve
hours give two ounces of turpentine
shaken up in a pint Of raw linseed oil;
repeat in ten days unless securing. In
feed night and morning mix one dram
of dried sulphate Of iron and one half
dram of powdered sulphate of copper
for one week, then skip ten days and
repeat. Avoid hay from low lying, wet
ground. Do not feed carrots or mash
es while giving the medicine. Have
teeth attended to.-Breeder's Gazette.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
FRENCH COACH STALLION.

son breeders of the French coach horse
have V been able to keep up with
the demand eyen during the years
when other horses were in o~versuppiy.
The trade requires animals Of good
disposition, large. handsome, high
headed, high stepping and able to
draw a heavy carriage at a good speed
without firing. The qualities are so
uniformly combined in the French
coaches that fine pairs are eagerly
bought at high figures.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
BLOOD MEAL AND TANkAGE.
valne of Slaughter House Byprod-
ucts as Stock Feeds.
fhree general classes of these b

fhree general classes of these by
PRODUCTS are used successfully as feed
ing ~stutfs-viZ, blood meal or dried
blood, tankage and meat scrap and
meat meal, says Rural New Yorker.
Dried blood or blood meal is made
from the blood of cattle. sheep and
hogs. The blood is conveyed in pans
from the killing room to the driving
room, where it is cooked in small tanks
until the eliot separates from the water.
1t is next pressed to remove the water,
and the pressed cake is dried in e
steam drier until it contains only about
. per cent of moisture. Then it is
ground to Il fine meal and sold in hun
bred pound sacks.
Dried blood has been successfully fed
to lambs in place of milk by German
eXperimenters. They fed about half Il
pound daily for a hundred pounds live
weight of animal. 1t has also been
used with good results for curing and
preventing cOurs i'll calves. The value
of this feed and of those made from
tankage and meat scrap lies in their
muscle and bone building properties.
When properly fed they have a stimu-
lating effect on the hair. making the
coat silky and glossy. They are valued
according to their content Of protein
and should be bought only on a guar
antee of specified protein content.
Tankage consists of meat scraps.
trimmings, bone, blood and various
other waste heterogeneous matter from
the packing house. 1t is cooked in
large tanks under Il steam pressure of
about forty pounds for seven or eight
hours, which cooks out the tallow and
grease. 1t is then allowed to settle, and
the grease is drawn off. The solid resi-
due is then pressed further to remove
the fat and moisture. 1t is next dried
II ground. When dried it contains
only 6 to . per cent moisture and from
40 to go per cent protein. Since it is
made up OF several different sub
stances it is quite variable in quality
1t usually contains a c%onsiderabl
amount of phosphoric acid, depending
on the proportion of bone present.
Tankage is fed principally to pigs, and
one part tankage to from two to FIVE of
corn is the proportion fed.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Sheen Quality Pays.

Quality and condition are i%nseparable
requisites to real success in breeding
sheep. A well bred sheep out Of condi-
ton is Improbable, and a mongrel
sheep is never in good condition. Quail
ity is secured through breeding, and
condition is secured through proper
care and attention. Strive for both. I.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
PRIME LAD.

shapely,. quality sort bull with his
large and dropping horn. his neat bone,
his bullying buttocks, furnishes many
of the elements which popularity in
here in Il champion. He is not Of the
bulkiest pattern no is he OH the small
side. He has matured a little since
last season, but has suffered a slipping
Of flesh from the shoulders, while the
band back of the crops is a trife
more pronounced. He is a bull Of flesh
and finish, balanced at both ends and
strong in the middle except at the point
noted.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
shelter the Flock,

A sheep that is not properly sheltered
during the fall and winter will require
more feed than one that is protected
from the cold fall rains and wintry
winds. 1t is economy to provide prop
er shelter, as feed is money.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Decreasing, Wool.

What is known as Decreasing wool
by the dry method is drawing atten-
ton in Germany. This is performed
by the use of infusorial earth, used as
an absorbent, which is applied to the
wool with great force by a current of
air by specially constructed but mex
pensive machinery.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Anrora

a great many goats that are termed
Angoras are merely crosses of the An
goras on to the common goat, but these
crosses are very good stock when they
have been bred down to the fourth or
fifth generation by constant use of
pure bred bucks.-Wool Markets and
Sheep.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Keep the Youns.ter. Growing.

Young cattle, sheep and hogs should
be kept growing constantly or much,
feed will be lost. All food costs mon
ey, whether 1t be pasture, hay or
grain. Do not let the young stuff stop
growing this fall or winter.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Old English sheen.

Sixty years ago there We're only two
breeds of sheep sufficiently well estab-
lished and recognized to have separate
classes at the royal SHOW of England.
They were the Leicesters and South
downs.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Conditioning the Brood SOW.

Whole oats scattered thinly on the
floor are excellent for brood sows when
maintenance and not rapid gain is de
sired.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
Some Of the Most
Common SYMPTOMS

3 HEADAGHE of any kind,
PAINS in the top of head or
downsthe back of neck, NER-
VOuSNESS. dizzy spells, ex-
hansted feeling, etc. besides
BLURRLN or
WATERY EYES, floating
specks. etc. If you are wear
ing giasses that do not stop
such trouble, that is the best
proof that they are not prop.
erly fitted.
Come to me and / can fit
them to stop all nerve drain
and strain. This is my one
specially, | do and think of
nothing else, and | am snc-
eessful when others fail.
That's why l continue my
visits to your city year after
year while other specialists
have made a few visits and
stopped.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
.hc Breeding Ewes.

Not yer fifty breeding ewes should
be kept in M flock. and these should
he Of equal size and strength.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29
treatment For Enlareed Joint.

blister the enlarged joint with red
iodide mercury one part and lard four
parts. Rub well in for fifteen minutes
and tie the horse SO 1t cannot bite the
leg for a few days.-Farm and Ranch.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29

NO maIteT WHO mas fai1eu
on your eyes before. Thoue-
ands of people are suffering
from numerous complaints
aud do not suspect the cause
Eye Strain-but when it is
removedl heirtrouble atonce
disappears. EYE STRAIN
affects the nervous system
and is the indirect cause Of
more ailments to the human
body than any thing else.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1904-12-29

If a sheep is seen biting his sides and
pulling out wool with his teeth the
chances are ten to one that he is trou-
bled With fleetwood Markets and
Sheen
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-05-29

ENGINEER mechanic; Al refer
ences ENGINEER. 442 East 50th-st-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-05-29

nae OF every description On hand,
kGAi'Ttf.s Greer and repaired. a. G.
NeW-Yori- = - sonn-st.. near Nassau-st..
ches ~ GARBAGE CANS. Ne sell item
hB0Tilr,y55.ss inmates supplied. sHARLOW
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-05-29

BUTLER valet and first class French
cook: both thoroughly competent in all
branches: good references. Call or address
FRENCH COUPLE. 1872 West S2d-st.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-05-29
GAS LAMPS.
HOUSE CLEANING BUREAUS.

EMPIRE WINDOW CLEANING co, 9O2
East II. Tel $50 GrameTcy. Special
rates by month Or year
DAVIS g. BRIGHT. I.GO7 Broadway-Con-
tracts by month or year. window or
house cleaning. Tel. 6.2JI J-3Sth.
METROPOLITAN HOUsECLEANIHG BU-
REAU-Nindow 40 general house
cleaning: summer residences a speciality.
I57 West 24th-st Tel. SOS5 J. Madison