davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
FROSTED GAS GLOBES
Jack Frost Decorates Street Lamps
All Over Citv

1t has ben a great many years, as
far as w. H. Roberts, inspector Of gas,
can recall since the gas in the street
lamps has been too cold to keep itself
warm, but that condition obtained last
night and Saturday night. So cold
was 1T that while the flame kept alive
1t was not strong enough to melt the
frost on the globes.
Because Of the condensing of the
moisture in the gas pipes many con-
sumers were without gas.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
Explosion in the Harwick Coal
Mine, Near Pittsburg, En-
dangers Their Lives.
lRescuers Now at Work-No One
Knows Whether Victims Are
Still Alive.
Unless an Air Passage Can Be
Opened Shortly They Must
Succumb.

Pittsburg. Pa, Jan. 25.-Betweer
125 and $50 men were entombed to-
day by an explosion in the shaft OF
the Harwick coal company near Ches-
cued at noon, and 1t Is believed that
many were either killed outright by
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
TOO COLD TO DIVE
But Diver John Lund Was Ready tc
Go Into River,

Diver John Lund did not descend
into the depths of the Mississippi at
Twentieth avenue N to-day, and the
water will remain Indefinitely shut off
from the broken twenty-four inch
main in the river at this point
Mr.. Lund reported for work and ex-
pressed his entire willingness to go
into the chilly depths, but Mr.. Nc
Connell was not willing to have his
man take the risk, ...~
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
PARTY TO FAVOR
A SERVICE PENSION
Republican Leaders Determine to
Put Such a Measure Thru
Congress.
It Will Cost, According to Best
Estimate, About $15, 100000
a Year.
This Expenditure Has Already
Been Anticipated in Commit
tee Reports.
Now York Sun Special Service.

Washington, jan. 25.-Republican
leaders in the house of representa-
tives, with the approval of the admin
istration. are preparing to make the
passage Of a service pension bill a
part of the republican record for use
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
THE COOLEST DAY
I'm MIMI. HISTORY
Yesterday or To-day Is Believed to Hold the
State Record for Continued Cold.

Lowest Temperature Officially Recorded SO Below Sui
try Noon of To-day Brings Only 81 Below-sohoos
lie Buildings Are Chilly and Water Pipes Meters
Numerously
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
FEET WE'RE FROZEN
"A Shack Dweller Appealed to Work.
house for Relief

house for Relief.
Gust Swanson, who lives in a shack
near Camden Place, went to the
Workhouse yesterday afternoon and
asked for shelter, saying that he could
not stay In his house as he had no
coal.
superintendent Mcdonald took the
man In and found that his hands and
feet were badly frozen. He was re-
moved to Asbury hospital and it is
feared he may lose some of his fin
gers
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
be taken up, but nothing was reporte
of serious nature.
City Hall EMPLOYEES SILVER.

Not even In times of political danger
have the inhabitants of the city hall
suffered so severely from chills as
they did to-day. The city officials
offices and those Of the park board
and superintendent Of schools, on the
north exposure, were cold enough to
compel the wearing Of overcoats. Two
OF the lavatories on the city side were
frozen UP this morning, and in or
der to give the employees in the build
ing any comfort Custodian Frank
Gaylord decided on temporarily
boarding up the cold air shafts which
open into the Railways.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
MINNESOTA FREEZES UP
Ely, Mimi, Reports Minimum Tenn.
perature of AZ Degrees Below.

Duluth, Mimi, Jan. 25.-The cold
est temperature noted in Duluth since
Jan. z, 1885, when the thermometer
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
POOR WE'LL CARED FOR.
Poor Department Receives Few Ap-
peaIs Owing to Cold.

Superintendent Barton of the moor
department says he is very much sur
prlsed at the general condition of
the poor people. He expected a rush
OF destitute persons in need of fuel
this morning, but up to noon the
business Of the office was only ordi-
nary. No cases Of suffering have
peen reported, and judging from re-
ports Mr.. Barton thinks the peonIe
were we'll prepared for the cold wave.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
STATE WITNESSES
ARE THREATENED
An Evidence that Local Italians Have Taken
Sides With Tony Calderone.

Henry the States Third Man. Says Warned Not to Tes
tfy Pain of Death-other Believed to Have
Been Threatened Question Whether caderone Will Take
Stand or Not
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25
MINIMUM OFFICIAL TEMPERATURES
To-day
To-day
RECORD OF OTHER YEARS.

Minimum temperatures for Jan
uary and February from 1891 to
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25

Continued on second page.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-01-25

Continued on second page
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
LETTERS HOME OF PEOPLE
AND THINGS AT THE FAIR
BY ANNIE KENDRlcK WALKER.

is seen, but this blends with the carpet
The darker women are painted In black
gowns with white fichus, and one of
them has a crimson fan and a rose in
her hair. At first this fan strikes you
as a bloteh of color that should have
been left out and it would be incongru-
Gus were 1t not for the bright colors in
the carpet.
The portrait by Whistler is in profile
as was everything he ever painted. The
carlysle portrait and the portrait of
Whistler's mother are profles The Rosa
Cordes is as fascinating for its absence
of color as are the brilliant things that
Sargent paints. Whistler appreciated the
beauty of bone and muscle quite as much
as Sargent, but you must look long
time at a Whistler portrait before you
will see that there is blood beneath the
flesh.
His special portrait is study, is what
probably Whistler would have called an
arrangement in brown and green. Then
his appreciation of close range in values
distinguishes his portraits from the work
of any other artist.
You may form some idea of how appre-
clative some Americans are of art when
tell you that the Art Palace. at least the
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03

customs every day, like some of our
American artists who live abroad.
Speaking of American artists. it is in
teresting to see how quickly the people
of this country dispose of the art gall
leries here. A woman who seeks cata-
logues in one of the exhibits told me to-
day that the people who visit the art
building are more interesting as types
than the pictures. American women she
said, were more appreciative of art than
the men OF this country. The men re-
minded her of a rabbit in a close place.
They merely glanced here and there
among all these art treasures, looking for
the nearest avenue of escape.
l spent the entire afternoon in the room
where whistler and Sargent have ex-
hbited. That. remarkable portrait of the
Misses Hunter, by Sargent, is hung on
the wall directly opposite from Whistler
Rosa Cordes. This portrait is sometimes
called 1.-The Lady with the Brown Hat"
The two greatest American portraitists
have had their work so arranged that
there are fine opportunities for compar-
ison Then you see the influence of Paris
and London in Whistler and of London
in Sargent. The portrait Of these women
is treated in that unusual way that Sar-
gent gives to bone and muscle. You can
see the bones in the faces and delicate
throats of the women, and the muscles
in their beautiful hands. Sargent's por.
traits give you a wonderful impression OF
space as well as color, and you Won
der how it was possible for even Sar-
gent to paint three women as he has
done these English beauties. They are
sitting on a three-cornered Sofa and the
light haired woman is just little back OF
the others. which probably no one but
Sargent would have thought about doing
Only small portion of the flounced sofa
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
SPECIAL BARGAINS.

s29O0-A 2-story Groom house on corner
lot. 18th ST.. near 10th ave-, south.
s500-Three good 4-room houses, renting
for $50 per month; "a per cent invest
ment.
e4500-Seven good houses on 4th ave-. NJ,
near new car barn; renting for over $50
per month.
s450O-A. brand new 7-room house; furnace
heated; on car line, near Glen Iris; large
lot, 50x173; terms very easy.
45500-A very desirable Groom home, with
furnace heat; on 10th ave-, south; only
$500 cash necessary.
s7500--A new stucco house. near 18th ave.
S5250-An attractive home on corner; Loop
car line.
sl6 50O-A 4th ave. business corner within
one block of Hillman hotel; renting for
$1G0 per month; practically ~ per cent
interest, while the growth of the city
enhances the value of the property.
Houses to rent and stores to rent.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
To Miss Gwendolin Alstyne-

To Miss Gwendolin Alstyne-
My Dearest Gwendonn You should
have come by all means ST. Louis Is not
the fiery furnace you said 1t was. and the
exposition would interest you. with your
keen appreciation of beauty and color and
clever people. You have always reminded
me in some few characteristics of Cleo
patra, particularly in your love for lux
ury. I can imagine you clothed in i'm
maculate white and perfectly serene look
ing and expressing your surprise that SEN
sible people would spend days in huge
buildings belonging to either their own
country or those where a strange tongue
is spoken.
I could not have believed that l could
accomplish so much in one day, when
l think of how comparatively little 1 do
when l am in the south.
Eney have an intramural railway, and
this is infinitely preferable to being
wheeled about In one of those chairs by
a Jefferson guard, although it is not as
picturesque. All the guards here wear
scarlet coats with white trousers, and
they lend a great deal of color to every
thing. Tt is SO nice to get to place
where everything has been finished be-
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03

an opportunity to wear them 1 should
like to see a Ceyionese beauty adorned In
these wonderful things. There was but
one Ceylonese woman who came to this
country with the commissioners and she
has gone back to England Ceylon, as
you know. Is under British rule. and this
explains why the the Ceylonese speak
such pure English.
We sat at a scarlet table and drank
tea the color of amber. You know there
is a certain tea that grows In Ceylon that
has never been exported to this country
because of It's rarity and delicious flavor.
1t is the color of pale straw. but very
strong. l think the Ceylonese served IL.
These people are the most oriental look
ing here. OF course it is nothing new to
me to have dark-skinned people serving
me. but they do not wear tortoise shell
combs and spotless white clothes and
white sandals, as the Ceylonese does
when,he comes from under scarlet avn
ing and brings you amber-tinted tea.
l met a st. Louis woman today who
told me a great deal about Soma of tho
interesting people here She pointed ont
Mrs David b. Francis, the wife of the
president of the exposition. She was in
the art building, and evidently is very
appreciative of the work Of her country
men. because she walked deliberate,v
over to the Whistler portrait. as If she
frequently went there TO admire IT.
|
Francis was not very popular woman
and did not make friends as quickly as
does her husband. When l asked whv
she was not popular, she said it was he-
cause of her indifference. Now. when a
woman who can have pretty gowns ,s in
different there is always something
wrong. some reason for it. So I mar
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03

fore your arrival A few weeks ago, 1
am told, there was still a great deal of
disorder, but now every building is i'm
maculate looking. and the people who are
representing foreign countries have not
had time to become tired out from all the
curious throngs and like to chat with
you about their cwn land.
l went today to the plaza to get the
main picture of these wonderful buildings
clear in my mind. 1t is not at all like
being in your own country, for you know
the propensity Americans have for crowd
ing. The man who planned this EXPOSE
ton loved space. This limitlessness Is the
greatest charm about 1t. The buildings
are not CT the binding Wilderness dis
tinguishing those at Chicago but they are
more like ivory, and the roofs and domes
are the color of sunsets. Some of the
most imposing buildings have their white
pillared porticoes done In scarlet freizes.
1t is not incongruous, as you might sup
pose, because there is so much color about
the grounds. They have almost an oren-
tai look, and there are so many foreign
representatives to be seen everywhere
that the exposition could be called any
thing else but American We are becom-
ing more and more influenced by foreign
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
FOR RENT.

9Th ave, near 22nd St, 2-story S-room
house; water, light bath; $50; immediate
possession.
North 18th st. bet. 9th and 9Th ayes. 8
rooms; modern cottage; $50; immediate
possession.
New double house; 9Th ave-, near 22nd ST.,
north; IA rooms to a size; $50 per MONTH
from October l.
Two new houses 18th ave. and 25th ST.
north; rooms; all modern convent
ences: $35; from October l.
Two cottages; Bird ave, bet. sth and eth:
rooms; SIS; immediate possession.
Seventh ave, north, near 18th ST.; rooms
and bath: $d2 so.
14th ave. south; near 18th ST.. rooms and
bath; $25; immediate possession.
New stores on End ave-, st ave-, and Nor
rs ave.
Special attention given TO rentals.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03

central building. is to become a sperma-
nent art museum for the city of st.
Louis.
You should see some of the quaint for
eign buildings, and If you want delicious
cup of tea you must go to the Ceylon
building. Imagine wandering about a
white and terra Gotta place filled with
wonderful jewels and worries and carv-
ings and scented with rare woods. The
ceylonese exhibit is extremely interesting.
The young Ceylonese who told me a great
deal of his country gave me the history
of some remarkable cabinets. They are
of satin wood, handmade, and much of
the carving is done in ebony and In that
rarest of all native woods, calamander.
You rarely find such exquisite treasures
in even the curio shops in the New Or
leans French quarter. They ask fabulous
prices. which surprise American women,
and yet many wealthy women who once
get glimpse of these satin wood cabl-
nets and ebony and old mahogany tables
will pay any price to obtain them. | was
greatly interested in the silver things
worn by the Ceylonese women No Amer
lean girl has ever owned such massive
bracelets and girdles and things for the
hair and If she did she would never have
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
NOTES AND PERSONALS.

Mr.. and Mrs Charles Nelson Ridgway,
who have been guests of their sister,
Mrs. A. J. Riddle, during July. have re-
turned to their home in Morgantown. w.
Va.
Miss Ida Morgan has returned to her
home with her aunt, Mrs. A. ]. Riddle.
after an extended visit to different points
in Florida and Georgia.
A party consisting of Miss Hattie Nor
ton, associate principal of the Birming-
ham seminary; Miss Julia Ward, Miss
Mary Ward, Miss Lee Ward, Miss Ruth
Britain, Miss La Verge Cook. Miss Jessie
Cook and Mrs Sue Morton left yesterday
over the Frisco to be gone ten days at
tending the fair at st. Louis.
The Ladies' Missionary 5ocIety of the
Twelfth Presbyterian church will meet
with Mrs William Hardie this afternoon
at o'clock.
Miss Lillian Riley of Nashville, who
has been visiting Mrs. R. n. Wheeler,
has returned home.
Henry Chairsell, Jr, has gone to Cincin-
natl, and from there will go to Indiana
to- visit relatives and friends.
The young ladies sodality of the church
of Our Lady of Sorrows will serve re-
freshments tomorrow evening from till
ard corner Avenue and Fifteenth
street The public is cordially invited.
Mrs Mary e. Hundley of Huntsville
came to Birmingham from Blount Springs
and is stopping at the Hotel Hillman
for a few days
Mrs. D. M. Drennen and children have
returned after two weeks spent at Blount
Springs.
Miss Gena Ballenger, Miss Eula Dren-
men, Miss Elizabeth Knox of Florida and
Miss Bessie Murphree of Huntsville will
arrive today to be the guests for two
days of Mrs. d. NJ. Drennen on South
Twentieth street.
Capt Walter E. Gardner has returned
from Hot Springs where he was called by
the serious illness of his wife.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. T. Mclaughlin Will
leave this week for their country home,
several miles from Birmingham.
Mr.. ]. II. Clabaugh, will leave tomorrow
for the mountains of South Carolina,
where he will spend several weeks
Mrs. Minis B. Stone and children have
returned from Cullman
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
Society.
ORPHANS HOME.

The regular meeting of the Orphans
Home association win be held this after
noon at o'clock at St Paul's hall. All of
the members are requested TO be pres
ent. as business of Importance is to be
transacted. MISS SUSIE FLEMING,
Ia.ncidanf
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03

sisted In knowing why the wife of the
president of the exposition is Indifferent
TO-, said the woman, her health Is
very poor" And this told the story.
You know, my dear Gwendolin. that with
out your superb physical health you could
not take an interest even in clothes.
Mrs. Francis is certainly not Indifferent
to her personal appearance. She was in
white, that looked as If it was embroid-
cred in white wisteria, and she wore a
white hat trimmed with pink roses and a
white veil draped over them. With her
was her daughter-in-law, a tall, rather
distinguished looking young woman, who
was also in white.
l saw Mr. ANTI today, the son of the
Holland painter. He does not think
Americans appreciate Dutch art. You
have spent so much time In Holland that
I imagine you are the exception. Believe
me to be faithfully yours,
st. Louis. Mo. A. X. w.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03

NO. 10.
$4,000 cash-60 notes. $500 each. interest
included y block off car line, less than
eighteen blocks from 10Th street. Ce-
ment sidewalks and all street improves
ments paid. broom dwelling with hall
and 2 porches, nice cabinet mantels,
2 oak mantels, inside finish white coat
plaster and hard oil. nice bath room.
pantry and china closet from one to
four electric lights in every room and
hall and porch, and one even under the
house; electric burglar alarm at front
door and back gate and window; six
flush nickel plated switches and electric
door bells; nice orchard well assorted
fruit; house less than year old.
A. r. DEARBORN G. CO.,
Real Estate Agents. 1921 First Ave.
Call for w. e. SORSBY,
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
QAI EcMEN wANTEp

WANTED-First- furniture sales
man; recommendation required Me-
Geever Furniture Co., 1912 Sd avenue.
S-3-2t
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
PROSpECTORS FOR COAL

with Diamond Core Drills. The J. A.
Brennan Drilling Company. Scranton.
Pa, guarantee to furnish first-class cores
If coal veins underlying property at any
depth with Diamond Core Drills. Corre-
pondence solicited.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
BOARD WANTED.
SITUATIONS WANTED,
ROARDERS WANTED

-Boarders; four gentlemen or
couples to occupy two cool rooms. with
board; convenient to two car lines. 1925
South 18th street S-3-2t
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
NOE SAFE.

S2Ooo-llo feet; Huntsville avenue: BAR
gain.
s1500-60x19O; 10Th st. and 18th; fronts east.
$400o-1O0x240; 10th ave. and 10th st.
$9s5-Lot; well shaded; Ave- l. bet. 18th
and 10th.
SS5Oo-Large house; 1O0xSO0; Avondale.
5000 acres improved; IL miles.
$35O0-11 acres improved AZ miles
$lS00-50x19o sth ave-. bet. 18th and 18th.
S2000-50x190; 9th ave-. bet 25th and 26th.
s5J00-2O0x190, Ave. e, bet. 24th and 25th
$2l00-S rooms; newly papered: cor. lots
Woodlawn.
FOR RENT
sS7 .50-7-r. res; Hghld. Ave. and 3Oth.
S55-S-r, res; Goth st. and Five Points.
NC oNNELL & CARTRlGHT.
Phones. IS. 200 21st St
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
FOR sALE-NEw LIST.

F'OH SABE-NEW LIST.
$18,500-5th avenue residence. including
furniture; 30 rooms; rents s2400
S7750-EJa ndsome 9th avenue residence.
$z600-291C Avenue G.; six rooms.
S33O0-Avenue H, near Goth street.
S35e0-Brick residence; 18th avenue, SOUTH
S1575-75-foot lot; 18th avenue, north.
sI0o0-1O0-foot lot on Highlands
$2900-6fx200; 10th avenue, south.
s60G0-Residence; 18th street, near 11th
avenue, so nth.
$15oo-Lot 571sx2C0; 18th street. south.
s25o0-Residence; 18th street. north
s315O-Residence; 18th street; corner.
S60o0-EieGant home: 18th street. near l1tn
avenue south.
1920 Residence; 92s South nth street.
$4e00-1O0x1O0 and 18th street; improved
w. 3. LEEDY G. CO.
Phones AZ ll2 North Hst 81
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
HELP W.NTEn.MAIE

WANTED-3 lady stenographers who can
furnish their own typewriters; 2 exper-
fenced men stenographers; young
ladies' Positions now open. Mutual EN-
ployment Bureau, 190916 LIST avenue, room
3.
GOOD position awaits you. II an execu-
tive. clerical salesman or technical
man, paying $1,000 to $4,000. Write for
booklet. Hapgoods. 800 Broadway. New
York. mon-wed-fri
WANTED for 0. 5. army. able
bodied unmarried men between ages Of
q and IS; citizens of United States Of
good character and temperate habits.
who can speak, read and write English
Apply to recruiting officer, III North
goth street, Birmingham. Ala.
7-1-to-9-30
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
ROOMS WANTED.

ROOMS WAETED-Man and wife with
board or light housekeeping. Address
XYZ, care Age-Herald. S-2-3t
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
one CENT A WORD.
RATES-One cent a word a day; no
taken for less than % cents for
first insertion. Cash must accompany
every order
REAL ESTATE.
WANTED-TO BUY.

We have ready purchasers for:
A or Groom cottage. south, for about
$500.
vacant residence property, south. at
about SIS to $50 per foot
We have customers for any desirable
birmingham real estate at fair values.
We can place several desirable first
mortgage real estate loans at and per
cent. in amounts from $500 to 5000.
We have tenants for desirable residence
and store properties.
THOMPSON REALTY CO..
ERE insurance. Real Estate and Loanss
Bell phone 553 207-s Title Guarantee Bldg.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
WANTED.
hELP NOTWITHSTANDING.


WANTED-A good stenographer. Apply
at once to the Standard Trust Co., 63s
National Bank Building.
WHITE women-strong. healthy. and of
good character-can find employment at
the Mt. Vernon Hospital, Mt. Vernon,
Ala. Write TO ne hospital Tor informa-
ttion, giving weight. age and height.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-08-03
FOR RENT.
ROoMs roa RENT.

FUNWF ? On " 2 " U,
FOR RENT-Furnished rooms, 61S North
10Th street. S-3-5t
FOR RENTING lovely furnished rooms
In private family; electric lights. bath
and all conveniences; cool and delight
full for summer. Terms cheap. Call
Bell phone 1892.
FOR RENT-Front room. 203O 9Th ave-
nue.. 7-24-tf
FOR RENT-Cool furnished room for
gentleman; all conveniences. $3.50 Hum
boldt avenue, Peoples phone 442.
7-31-tf