The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1904-04-04

many trees are seriously affected and Ii
Is desirable 10 prevent the spread of the
fungus througI. the plantation, by the
use of ftIngicIdal sprays or washes.
So lar as recorded IN the literature
relating to the Brown-eyed disease OF
coffee no actual experiments with con-
trolling it by the use of fungicides1 have
been made. Similar diseases of other
plants have, however, been successfully
controlled by the use OF Bordeaux mix
ture and the amrnoniacal solution OF
copper. carbonate. Fungi of the genus
Cerco5pora are the cause OF diseases of
celery. plum, sugar beet and nignonette
In each of these cases, one or the other
of the above remedies have proved
effectual. By analogy 1t is perfectly safe
to recommend the use of fungicides. The
time of application and strength of solu-
ton required will, however, have to be
worked out by the individual planter to
suit local conditions. Both fungicides
must be applied by means of a spray
pump in the same manner as insecti-
cides.
(For description of the various forms
of spraying devices see Bull. No. 3 of
this Station: insecticides for use In
Hawaii.
The following directions for preparing
these fungicides are reprinted from DR..
B. T. Galloway's bulletin, Spraying for
Fruit Diseases.
Bordeaux Alixture.-'sIn barrel or
other suitable vessel place rs gallons of
water Weigh out 6 pounds of copper
sulphate, then tie the same in piece of
coarse gunny sack and suspend it just
beneath the surface of the water. By
tying the bag to stick laid across the
vii be required. In another vessel slack
4 pounds of lime, using care in order
to obtain smooth paste, free from grit
and small Jumps To accomplish this
it is best to place the lime in an ordinary
water. pail and add only small quantity
of water at first, say a quart or quart
and half. When the lime begins to
crack and crurnble and the water to dis
appear add another quart or more, exer-
cising care that the lime at no time gets
too dry Toward the last considerable
water will be required, but if added care
fully and slowly perfectly smooth paste
will be obtained, provided, of course,
the slime is of good quality. When the
lime is Stacked add sufficient water to
the paste to bring the whole up to rs
gallons When the copper suiphate is
entirely dissolved and the lime is cool,
pour the lime milk and copper sulphate
solution slowly together into a barrel
holding so gallons. The milk OF lime
should be thoroughly stirred before
pouring. The method described insures
good mixing, but to complete this work
the barrel of liquid should receive a
final stirring, for at least three minutes,
with a broad wooden paddle.
It is now necessary TO determine
the mixture is perfect-that is,
if it will be safe to apply it TO tender
foliage. To accomplish this, two simple
tests may be used. First, insert the
blade of penl1nife in the mixture, al
lowing it to remain there for at least
one minute. If metallic copper forms on
the blade. or, in other words, If the
polished surface of the steel assumes the
color of copper plate, the mixture is I'M
safe and more lime must be added If,
on the other hand, the blade of the
knife remains unchanged, it IS safe to
conclude that the mixture is as perfect
as it can be made. As an additional
test, however, some of the mixture may
be poured into an old plate or saucer,
and while held between the eyes and the
light the breath should be gently blown
upon the liquid for at least half a minute
If the mixture IS properly made, a thin
pellicle; looking like oil on water, will
begin to form on the surface of the
liquid IF no pellicle forms, more milk
of lime should be added.
Amnoniaca1 Solution of Copper Car
Donate" This preparation, as now
generally used. contains
Water ............. ......45 gallons.
Stronger aqua ammonia .......3 pints.
Copper carbonate .......,....5 ounces.
The copper carbonate is first made in
to thin paste by adding pint and a
half of water. The ammonia water is
then slowly added, and if of the proper
strength, i. G.. 20 degrees, a clear, deep
blue solution is obtained, which does
not become cloudy when diluted to As
gallons.
's'Fhe ammoniaca1 solution of copper
carbonate being clear liquid its pres
ence on the leaves fruit, and other parts
of the treated plants is not so noticeable |
as where the preparations containing |
lime are used.
In case it is desired to keep the
strong solution as a stock preparation, |
the bottle or Jug in which it is placed |
should be tightly corked.'
The Brown-eyed disease of coffee al |
most invariably appears first on poorly |
IiOul lAN(o AeAOAN /
situations.
If observations made here in Hawaii |
confirm those made by Noack in Brazil, |
that the spores of this fungus are carried |
from one plant to another by insects,
.hus bringing about the spread of in
lection through a plantation from siclkly, |
poorly develoDed trees to the more Wig |
0rouS and healthy ones, a proper method I
IF treatment of this fungus disease
would be to DESTROY the torpedo hieYand |
lphis by insecticides. This treatment I
should be followed by tillage of the soil, |
he use of fertilizers, the planting of |
xind-breaks, or any other remedial |
measure practicable to improve the vigor |
IF the coffee tree, since it is an accepted |
fact that trees in vigorous, healthy
condition are far more resistant, both to /
insect pests and fungus disease, than |
.rees that are poorly developed.
JARED G. SMITH.
Honolulu, H. T.. March 10, 1904.
.rss.