davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
Americ0niZotion OF London Newspapers.
Price Up With The journalistic


ofhcial life is undoubtedly due to the
absence Of that species OF enterprise
and alertness which makes every big
American newspaper q watchdog OF ef-
ficiency and honesty I'm public depart
ments, Editorial denunciatlon Of sus-
pected abuses here takes the place OF
reportorlal exposure and proof
SUPPRESSED INTELLIGENCE
News that concerns itself with gov
crnmental or municipal departments is
infinitely harder to obtain here than In
America officials display much great
en- zeal In suppressing interesting INTEL
ligeuce than I'm making Il public. Red
tape. conservatism and blank stupidity
oppose all manner Of obstacles to the
reporter who has recourse to any de-
partment In quest OF what In America
would be regarded as perfectly lcgit.
mate information A question once
arose rs TO the number of warshlps
from each nation represented that
would be allowed &c participate I'm the
coronation naval rcvlew at Spithead.
Some contradictory reports had been
published on the subject, but II was by
no means an oflical secret. Foreign gov
ernments had been duly notified, Ip
Washington the Information could hau11
been obtained by calling up some n
cial on the telephone, Naturally | IN
aglncd that ! should have no difficulty
IN obtaining the Information at the
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25

story. II the facts are not obtainable In
any other way, he tackles some police
man concerned In II and privately offers
him a shilling or two to tell what he
knows about 1t, The money is always
taken provided the policeman runs no
risk of being detected by some super
Tor official. hut often the information IN
not worth the price paid for IT, Free
quently II Is manufactured on IN spot
for purposes OF revenue only. The
usually phlegmatic British bobby can
develop very lively imagination when
there Is a prospect of earning few
shllllngs thereby But the reporter sets
his money back In his weekly account
he charges
To obtaining Information from the
police .,,,''-
Il Ia recognized as thoroughly legit-
innate charge. 70 this extent do Lon
don editors aid and abct In police cor
rupton and bribery.
LETTING NEWS RIPEN SLOWLY.
News Is gagged by very different
standard from that which prevails IN
America. The managing editor of a
great London daily once handed a proof
10 me with the observation that Il con-
tanned something which might be worth
cabling. II stated that two Americans
had been arrested at Charing Cross for
shooting at one another and would he
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
snncInl norrnsnnndcnce.

Spcclnl sp0ndcncc
T ONDON, June l5 when even "The
Thundcrer' that naughty six
cent backbone OF empire the
Times came down In price the
other day there was no longer any
doubt about the effective Americana
cation of the London newspapers. 1t
all began In the lively brain Of the
Napoleon Of Fleet street, Alfred
Harmsworth lie 1t was who first
adopted American newspaper methods
to English traditions as far as two such
opposing forces could be Joined. lie i'm
ported lot Of American newspaper
mcn printed the news without clrcum-
locutIon. cut out the padding, took some
pains TO make what was written read.
able. aud above all published morn
ing newspaper for one cent.
II was considered a shocking thing to
read i'm Mr. HarmswOrth's Mail n naked
statement Ia the effect, FOR example,
that the king was about To- buy now
horse whereas such portcntous infor.
nation previously had been broken
gently 10 the public IN a time -honored
form like this; 1--WE have received In,
formation from sources Of unquestlon-
able authority writes a correspondent
that his most gracious majesty Is not
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
THE FRESHMAN AND HIS DOUBTS.

As Is well known, Rev Robert Col
lyer Of New York city was n blacksmith
in Germantown Pa, before he became
a preacher once when there was little
work at hand, he asked builder IN hls
neighborhood for something to do. The
latter replied that all he could give him
would be a Job carrying q hod.
I'm your man. replied the black
smith promptly,
Years afterward. while an imposing cd
flee was being erected IN Chicago for Pr
Collyor, he was standing among the
beams watching the progress OF tho
work, when an Irlshman came along
with A nod Of bricks Dr. Collyer spoke
to him and he paused
"Ths is har'rd work, solr,' said the
Irishman.
lyer in my day I've carried the hod
myself
The Irshman stared at me an in
slant said Or Collyer In relating tho
incident land then won't on his way
mumbine something tnat, sounded sus-
plciousy like, 4 wouldn't "a behaved tn
parsQn was such a liar. success.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
RESTORING THE CHAPEL
DON'T MEND MATTERS.

Special Correspondence.
ONDON, JUNE l5,--It would not be
surprising II the airy-fairy Marquis
- of Anglesey-actor, gem-collector
and dandy-began to doubt the appre-
ciatlveness Of Providence, Affairs with
the Diamond Marquis" as he Is called.
have been going lndifferently for some
time. but at present he finds himself in
dire straits and this In spite OF having
taken at least one step designed TO
atone for past errors. II Is now UNDER
stood that the marquis Is bankrupt, His
last provincial tour with his theatrical
company came TO a disastrous end. and
soon after II was announced that some
OF the allet-dancng peers finest Jew
els were to be sold by auction at FASH
ionable saleroom. Now the marquis
creditors both in London and Bangor
the Welsh town near Anglesey castle
are to hold meetings, Meanwhile his
lordshlp has betaken himself hurriedly
TO the continent,
The marquis attempt TO square him
self. as Il were, with Providence was
made In this wise, II will be remem-
bered. no doubt. that when first his
Christmas pantomimes at Anglesey cas-
tie, he committed the profane act OF
turning the private chapel there into a
pocket theater. which he named THE
Gaiety" Naturally this shocked the
clergyman as well as all other devout
folk In the neighborhood. and frequent
appeals were made 10 the peer to re-
store the place to It's original state. To
these, however. he turned deaf ear.
and the butterfly" and skirt dances
which the marquis delighted In execut-
ing, went on where once his ancestors
had offered up their prayers. But not
long ago--or just when times began to
get hard with the lavish handed noble
mana more determined divine called
at the castle, who declared to the mar
qus that his troubles would increase
ana multiply II he did not Instantly re-
pair his desecration Of Gods house. And
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
The Saturday ''News" Special Foreign Service.

the story goes that the peer made APP
prehensiye perhaps, By what already
had befallen him, promised obedience,
and ordered the chapel changed back
forthwith.
At last accounts there were under
stood 10 be several wrlts ont for the
marquis, whose endless extravagances
are said 10 have been responsible for
his disastrous finish Even an Income
Of 81 900, coo year, which the noDleman
was said TO possess, could not stand
Christmas trees with their branches en-
crusted with small diamonds and hung
with larger ones, such as the marquis
provided for his guests at Anglesey
last Yuletlde, The magnificent motor
car, which he bought some time ago,
and witch was said TO be the most
sumptuous on earth has not yet been
paid for.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25

not exalted members OF the feline arls-
tocracy.
SOCIETY ALSO PURs AND NEWS.
Now that the queen has gone IN for
cats society, ever eager 10 follow a
royal lead, rs sure TO take up the fad
and puss VIII be IN clover for some time
to come. In fashionable circles there
are, however, already many cat de-
voices, Most conspicuous among them
is Lady Marcus Beresford, founder of
the Cat club, She possesses what Is
said to be the finest "cdttery' In the
world in which something like $50 cats
Of the choicest breeds from the tallless.
ManXman to the bushy- tailed chlnchll-
Ia, i've In vertable feline paradise
Many Of them reside I'm picturesque
crceper-clad building known In the
neighborhood as "Cat cottage" Here
no expense has been spared In adapt
ing the rooms to their requirements,
and the most elaborate provisions are
made for warmth and ventilation. one
room is set apart for a woman who ~
held responsible for the conduct Of the
establishment, A small kitchen h pro-
vided for preparing the meals OF tho
cats. on the walls are racks to hold
the white enamclled bowls and plates
In which their food Is served,
A VARIED DIET.
Variety Is considered an essential
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
WHERE DID HE COME FROM ?

or THE Passing Of Loved Brother" a
Georgia biographer says
1T was about a quarter TO Dor,
minutes 10 the same, conslderln' the fact
that the clock was oight.day one, an
had rLn down the night before, an had
been wound up an set by sun-time, which
Is not to the minute, as everyone knows
though some GO bv the sun altogether,
an never bought a clock in their life
specially on the nstalment plan. which
makes you pay twice as much as the
clock Is worth, the agent taking the
clock, and all you have paid on It, II you
when | started out, it was about a quar-.
tor TO l0--or maybe FIVE minutes TO the
same when the spirit Of our loved broth
err shook on It's earthly clothes--a new
suit, he had Just bought--and put on the
heavenly robe. which is without money
and without price Amen!"--Atlanta Con-
sutution
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
She AbandOns the Breeding of
Fine Dogs to Raise Fancy
FeInes
PEEP INTO "CATTERY GARDEN"
Royal Cats That Have Special GrOOms
To Wait on Them, and Which
Live on Them.
Special Correspondence.

Special Correspondence,
ONDON, June Ito all but the
favored few v,bo arc ON intimate
cano ne rather "a surp,iso whon
on her arrival I'm ireland n ,ybuo aoo
,he r,oen was found D, ho o,,.o,,,,,,,,i.1
pN PEI cat HERETOFORE a dog OF one
breed or another almost invariably haa
boo, r,,,,,ho,oa ..,,,,,. a., 49,.
'' '"'''e Wv 'l'''' .
trovn go,or,lir ,ha,' ,or ,.a,.a,,. ~,
sides being fond of bow-vows bred
,bor, evtcnsi,,ot,, ,,,t ,,.,, ,,,,, ,,,.,,,,. .
W
ABOUT tne most luxurious kennels IN
England--but she never has been sus-
,,ccted of ma, sp,ct,I lu,inr ror ,,t,,
49,. 49,,
~ ~, NV" cly,, ,l'l tlet' ",lIi'Is
"o'V @llloo' 'Iltu'lS eupp"Hlru uog'
on iIlp''I,lS VI ulv Pupvl' nltohunh
~, ~ htu,'cia were we IoS"i ltuy 90,
nsn.' pUt Mncn ane p1"o'elel lh'l 'U
spr,S oi ioiN woIt e4pylus Nor III lnls
IlTeuuol, Nno ucolueu 10 stof nlerulnS
ooss uhu 20 VI lor oets lhsl'ao' Ifue
10 neI custonu'ry po,lpy on lnoru1gh-
Of The best breeds ana + any Of tie
inyal residences contain a mouse me
.Ieptul, must nv N''''ipie he wet OF
NS hilu'
FREE RUN OF THE PALACE.
Inc royal chlS hAFe prnou'AlN mo
iree run OF buckhgham fdlace' Nlhd-
sor castle ANA saidilngham lloufe and
any o, tne fufol lricnds VINO E'Nin
ipf iel'ile con'pahi 'hshlp nave only l'
,onlWt ~ hlu'h 10 queen AleNahdId
10 hhNe thelr want supplied
THE FELINE FANORITEs.
The queen mas SIX particular favor-
res among her cat iHmlly. but Val-
hhplc Ici san eliulN Ter HpecW afet-
lion. rms IL Sondy' who Is so
named because ne lirSt saw the hght NJ
Sandrnghom FOR seYeful 'nonlnA h'r
majesty has never travelled without
HIM end he Is as fnndly alin2bcd to nus
icNnl mistress as tl'e ,eleli.uel IilSn
terrier Jack WAS To the KING nm nus
most aneeiiona'e nolIVNts Snn4y
dining ap9rtments though HIS less for.
tunate brothers and sisters nave TO
connne tnelT "'ll Nl,l'7 20 '"e o'h'I
rooms III the foyal dNelhhss'
KING Is A CAT Halter.
Edward VII hates cats ana II ne hRd
his way SANDY would not long nave
the privilege supposedly reserved ior
his kind-of looking al a KING. nut me
Liberties that her loyai huspAhd de-
manded for his Jack me queen now
demands for her pet II the KING mas
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25

called "rhe Cat Hospital" In the stables
attached TO Buckingham Palace and
here pussy reclines---w when mdlsposed--
in % bed sufficiently luxurious for the
baby OF marquis, It's temperature is
taken and the stethescope applied as
regularly as II the fate OF an empire
were depending on the cats existence.
Her majesty makes constant enquiries
o5 70 the progress Of the Illness and II
one Of her pets Us reported In danger
She goes personally 10 see Il.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25

For her cats when in health, the
queen has prescribed u diet of fish and
milk and as she Is quite unwilling to
trust the discrimination Of the ordn-
airy London mlkman as 10 the quality
Of the latter the royal cats are fed on
milk which comes fresh from Saudring-
ham every morning, whllc nshdenler
Of repute rs entrusted with the supply
Of the fish known TO be the best for
feline consumption. When her majesty
first took 10 eats she knew nothing
whatever about their tastes or habIta.
She was also ignorant of the points OF
the different breeds. but Louis Vain.
whom she had presented 10 her for the
purpose, was able to convey so much
Information that now The queen can
discuss cats with the greatest expert
I'm Europe.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
MAKE nlpEOrs MIpNIrHT.

I am told that King EdWard Is not
alone On his cordial detestation Of his
consorts new pets, but has associated
with him In this respect, not only most
Of the other members Of the royal fam
n.y. but the entire STAFF Of domestIcs at
various palaces who say that though
II is true rat or mouse hasn't been
Feen there since the era NJ the cats
began, the queens pets make the mid
hight hours quite as hidcous NJ II they
We're ordinary back yard providers and
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25

"MoNApCn" ONE or HER MAJEsTY'S PETS.
Another Queen Aexands Cats Sandy"
Royal Mistresss Affections
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25
THE QUEENS rAvoprrE CAT, "sANDY."

A Persian sandrinsham
Famly's Norfolk Home.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-06-25

Continued on Page 25)
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The story that no step had been
taken TO utilize Andrew Carnegie S
muni6cent gift of 81 100000 for a
palace of peace at the Hague is au
thoritatiyely denied. While the
building cannot be erected in time
for the peace conference just called
by the President, magnificent
site has been donated by the Meth.
erlands government and the plans
of the building are in course OF
preparation.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Ri. Rev. Chas. HI. Brent, Epis
copal Bishop of Manila, Ri. Rev
J. j. Harry. Catholi, Arch bishop
of Manila, Dr.. Warren, Methodist
Bishop of Colorado, and numerous
other prominent clergymen are
loud in their praise of the present
administration of Philippine af.
fairs. Rev. G. F. Pentecost. of
the Presbyterian Church, says,
"America is in the far East be-
cause God and humanity needed
her there"
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Had it not been for the Panama
canal purchase the revenues of the
government for the fiscal year
would have exceeded the expenses
by $4,000, 900 Practically speak.
ing, the receipts exceeded the ex.
penses by SO, 100000 and the $780,
600, 900 for the canal was taken
out of the great reserve piled up in
the past seven years.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The librarian of the Chamber of
the Chamber of Deputies at Berlin
on being told the average time for
getting a book at the Columbia
Library at New York exclaimed i.
Where shall I go next? Two hours
and a half in Berlin, one hour in
Paris, twenty minutes in the
British Museum and two and one.
half minutes at Columbia. "This
is fair sample of America, as
compared with European expedi.
ton,
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The portraits of twenty presi-
dents of the United States hang in
the Red and Green rooms of the
White House and the main and
second floor corridors. In the
basement corridor hang the por.
traits of Mrs. Roosevelt and many
former mistresses of the White
House.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

A young woman missionary in a
Japanese hospital recently heard a
patient laughing loudly after she
had left his bedside. Returning,
she asked the occasion of his
mirth. You have just given me
a tract against the sin of dancing"
he replied, "and both my legs are
shot off,"
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

"Walnuts and Wine" has come
to be a monthly treat 70 many
readers. It is this department of
Lippincott's Magazine where the
good stories of children and anec-
dotes of daily life are garnered.
The November budget is as funny
as ever.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

All mankind will rejoice if the
call issued by the president for a
reassembling of the Hague con-
ference results in the bringing to
an end the -frightful slaughter of
human life in the Orient. And
there is good reason for believing
it will do 30
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The Tobacco Trust checkmated
by the recent decision of President
Roosevelt regarding the import
stamp, on Cuban city, has applied
TO President Palma to assess "a
nominal export tax on Havana
cigars with facsimile of Palma's
signature on the tax stamp. This
would serve to distinguish the i'm,
ported article from the domestic
product.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The prospective visit of Secre.
tary Taft is hailed with joy by the
Panamans. Those familiar with
condition on the isthmus and with
the intentions of the United States
feel confident that the Secretary's
visit will put an end to friction.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

One of the delegates to the peace
conference at st. Louis declared
that women's love of brass buttons
is the real cause of large armies,
Sars, etc. This is too bad. II
may be possible to induce the
Power" to, disarm but no man
will be foolish enough to attempt
to change the love of women.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05
An advertiser proposed to reveal

An advertiser proposed to reveal
for 25 cents an easy way for any
your lady to keep her hands nice
and soft. A budding damsel in
Missouri sent the cash, and OF
course, wanted to be shown. She
received this advice: SOAK your
hands in dish water three times q
day. while mother rests. Vic.
toria Advocate.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The season of the year is at hand
when the married man, in addition
to putting up the stuff to run the
house, will be expected TO put up
the stove-pipe.-Austin Statesman
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The political cartoons of the
present day are quite as witty as
those of our ancestors and they are
a great deal less vulgar and great
deal better drawn. The world
does move.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Mr.. Bryan won silver medal at
St. Louis for his exhibition of rye.
The Board of Awards would not
affront the great siverite by giving
him the gold medal.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

This paper is mailed regularly to it's
subscribers until a definite order to
discontinue is received and all arrears
are paid in full.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The money in circulation in this
country has increased in ten years
from $1,000, 100000 to 50 $780,
100000.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

List of patents Granted to Texas
Inventors this week. Reported by
C A Snow & Co., Patent Attorneys,
Washington, d G:
Otto Berger. Galveston, Insecli
eide apparatus; Thomas Hogan &
P. H Grady, Abilene. Bottle stop
per; Wiber A. Millcan, Bryan,
Combination tool; Isaac Smith,
Stranger, Wire stretching imp e.
ment; George w. Stancliff, Ell
campo; Well screen; Edward Y
White, San Antonio Frame for
motor bicy
/ For copy of any of above patents
send ten cents in postage stamps
with date of this paper to c. A
Snow & Co Washington. D. G.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The Federal court of appeals, be.
fore which many Texas cases are
pending, will meet in New Or
leans Nov. 81.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

At Laredo Mexican was sem
fenced to five days. imprisonment
for killing four quails out of sea.
son.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The total wealth of the United
States has risen in ten years from
SIS, 900, 100000 to s106,000, 00O,-
600
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Corsicana cotton mills. after an
idleness of several months, have
been sold. and operations will be
resumed.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Why is the letter o the most
charitable letter in the alphabet
Because it is found oftener than
other in doing good.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Someone has discovered that
Thomas Jefferson was most pro.
nounced expansionist. When
Minister to Paris, in 1885 Jetfer-
son said, sour Confederacy must
be viewed as the nest from which
all America, North and South, is
to be peopled We should TAKE
care, TOP, not to think it for the in.
terest of that great continent to
press too soon on the Spaniards
These countries cannot be in bet
ter hands. My fear is that they
are too feeble to hold them until
our population can be sufficiently
advanced to gain it from them,
piece by piece"
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Ifyou want plenty of eggs fee d
your hens on Magic Poultry Food,
at D. M. Smiths. d..
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Louis Werner Saw Mill company
is credited with purchase of 1000
acres Of timber land in Newton
and Jasper counties.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Entered at the Post ONCE at Jefferson, Texas,
as second class mail matter.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

Copies ofthe JEFFERSON JIMPLHCUTE in wrap
pcrs ready for mailing, can always be had at the
office by single copies or the dozen.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The football season is with us
again and the first list of causalties
is in course of preparation.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The Citizens Alliance of Hous
ton is to open a labor bureau.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The Macaroni Teachers associa
tion was organized at Victoria.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

The average amount of illness in
the life of a man is four years.
The Jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 18??-1907, 1904-11-05

OFFICE OF OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
Austin and Vale SITS, Jefferson, Texas.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1904-11-17

The result of the November
election, so far as Missouri is con
csrned, will put to the test the
sincerity of Governor elect Folk
as we'll as his republican associ-
ates, IN their campaign promises
for reform in state government.
If the governor is sincere, the
charge made against him before
his nomination, that he was a re-
publican in disguise, will prove
true and he will work in perfect
harmony with his surroundings
and the government OF Missouri
will, to all intents and purposes,
be essentially republican. Should
the sincerity of Mr.. Folk be so in,
di:ated after his inauguration,
we hope there will be no friction
caused by the republican state off
GERS or legislature. There are
some things, however. that must
be made plain, and one OF them is
the truth or falsity Of the charges
that have been made by the repub-