The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-11-27

v
generally, and the 'bucket-shop." whose
bnslnes Is to allow men 70 sa1r,ole on
the rise aud foil OF stocks, Is a gambling
| establishment pure and simple and the
| city has no more right to license It and
| hermit II to operate than It has to cotnte-
! mace and license any establishment III
which gambling il conducted BY other
| devices.
1t is not for us to designate But It Is
the duty Of the authorities 20 ascertain
if there are ''bucket-shops" in Rich
,ond. within Judge Migrants detiuitlon,
and il SO to put then, out of business.
s---=-=.-----==----=
France and Roman Catholic
Church.
The religious situation in France to-
day. though apparently in an acute con-
| dition, Is but the natural outcome OF n,
struggle for national freedom from
| church interference that has been going
| on FOR Centuries. Long before the time
| OF Francis l., who entered into an agree
lnent with the Pope. other European rul-
crs had felt themselves compelled by
reason OF the CLAIM, of Popes to tcrrito-
| rial and civil authority, to have the rights
OF tho state within It's own borders clear
~ defined Such mutual agreements be-
tween a ruler and a Pope were called
concordats. The need for. such agree
ments was found In the extraordinary
claims to the right to collect revenues
administer justic and consecrate sover-
elgns, which werc made by Pope Hide
brand II these claims had not been
conbated the church OF Rome would
have controlled tho lives. lands. bodies
and spirits of all Christian subjects
/ France, therefore, had the seeds sown
long ago Of struggle for national free
dom from church interference, and in
1882 at a great convention OF which the
illustriou Bossuet was the leading spirit
the celebrated Cis1nontane resolutions
were promulgated.
These articles were almost revolutionary
in their effect, and though they did not
gain any great power because, of the
weak kneed action OF Louis XIV. in re-
scinding them in 1923, vet they showed
very clearly the state of the public mind
at that time The tenor Of these res
olutions may well be gathered from the
first article, which declares that the
civil authority is not subject to the &C.
clcsiastical authority in temporal mat
tiers. Continuing, the resolutions declare
that the Judgment Of the Pope is not
unalterable In matters Of faith, except
with the consent of the church. That
such resolutions could have been passed
BY earnest Roman Catholics shows to
what extent the national spirit OF France
had been aroused by the aggrandize-
ments of the Roman Church.
The next landmark In this struggle was
In 1901 when Napoleon, as first consul.
entered into concordat with Pope Plus
VII, whereby the consul nominated and
the Pope appointed the bishops, who were
all required to swear allegiance to the
republic The Christian religion having
been formally abolished, at one time
during the revolution all relations with
Rome were severed. The church, how
ever. when affairs had returned to
moro normal condition, Mas recognized
by the civil constitution. in which 1t
was provided that the bishops should be
Instituted each by his own metropolitan.
That is. the presiding bishop OF the do
cese.
The concordat between Napoleon and
| Pope Plus VII did not provide in what
| time the Pope should institute the bishop
| after their nomination by the French gov
eminent, az the Pope could and did tre-
| quently withhold this instruction, he was
forced in 1873. while a. prisoner at F'on-
tainebleau, to sign a concordat By which
he agreed that If for any reason re did
not institute a bishop within six months
the metropolitan bishop could do so. Such
an agreement, taken In conjunction WITH
| tho French constitution. Obviously made
! the priests, bishops and cardinals so.a
! officials of the French go9sramea: ard
officers of the church. II rn!rtz. tare
been foreseen that when !. gE9es.3o- be-
tween the government, and tie 1zE9-ea
arose the bishops would as s1E,1set 10
! that Napoleon remarked 81 *. Ha4saa
that the greatest mistake ot saks gEts nas
entering into any agTeerss.s. N4sa t1e
church. Re this as /; may. the FrsEacss.
i people have a sense Of burning ..,1.sxrr--s-
tion against the political o.gza.zaE.9ra
or the Roman Catholic Church, wt2scf 81
believed generally and with apparent tus-
tice to have deliberately cough. 10 tx
plot French interests for papa. atysn-
tagc. How deep this indignation raus. be
is apparent when we congidsr tia. In
Francs practically every one " either a
Roman Catholic or OF no religion, and the
mere fact that thonands OF earnest
Frenchmen are not only willing i,'at I'M
PEELED to take drastic measures again.
!, tho church. demonstrates how deeply ths
! spirit Of national self-preserya,.on ssx
been aroused 1t Is openly charge; by u.
!, Yves Guyot that the Franco-Prursssn
War Of $50, with the consequent oyer-
- ~, - y Il