davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

~.
employer with a good excuse instead 9 I.
With clean shirts. Or. again, there would
suddenly appear In the Japanese laundry
cases Of ''dhoby itcl,,," II most unple asantS
and Irritating skin disease which Is
readily @r.. communicated from one person!
Ito another If clothes containing the para
site are put into the general ~ wash. '
The constanH recurrence Of "dhoby
itch"8ine Il family a ways leads to a change
of laundryman, In the vain hope that
you may really have your work done
by some one who is not the brother or
cousin, or the uncle OF your offendlnE5
gwasfer,nan, SO that nothing could do
the Japanese laundry8so much harm as
to give II a reputation Of "dhoby itch.
The way the plan was worked by the
Chinese was this: They waited until
they got a sever case of "dhoby Itch
lin one OF their laundrles, and then se--}@
lected a dozen garments from the in-#
fccted wash and sent them round TO-
purporting To come from some well
known European resident. Nothing could
be simpler or moro effective. OF more
difficult to detect and punish
Then 1t was found that something was
always going wrong with the machinery
of the Japanese laundry, or with the
fuel, or the water, or some one would
choose a. nice windy day to empty az
basket gof SCOT near the drying ground,
and So OH. simply disclosing along series
of ingenious devices which finally ended
In the closing of the Japanese laundry.
Combination Among the Servants
Within your own household, if you live
In the China. ports, yoll find the same
Irresistible combination among your ser
wants. 1t is not a question OF whether
your? boy Is clearly guilty Of some
serious offence or whether he IS inno-
cent; that has nothing to do with the
attitude Of your other servants. Their
standpoint is simply that Of Chinaman
against foreign or.
10 glve an Instance which fell under
my. own observation in Singapore In
household made up Of four Chinese SER
vants-a No, /. boy, a No boy, a cooK,i
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

years old, told me that when he first
went to England as the agent Of large
company. he was tWenty-one or TWENTY
tWo.s Hcs was correspondent and agent
of n large Eastern firm before he WIS
twenty FIVE.
lie attended business councils. dinner
parties visited country places with COR
respondents and agents OF other cons
Germs. and no said that ne did not dare
E to tell how old he was, because the OLD
or people with whom he was associated
wouldn't have had the slightest respect
for his opinion or for himself had they
known his age. lie was a mere boy. ~
That is why I send young. men TO the
West as much as l do always say to
n young man: AS
,You would better SO West. Go to the
Pacific Coast, tho islands the Pacific
and III fact, get ont,anywhere In the
West ana SEQ how they, do things. It is
always well to see how they do things
in other parts of the country. In the
Nest they are learning to depend on the
young men In great enterprises
1t is said TINT the battle Of Gettysburg
was Won by an army OF boys averaging
stjwcnty-thre years OF ago. II theyGc could
trust tlyem to do that much, why not
let them do more? When Mr. Bancroft,
the historian, describes tho setting aside
of A,Vemus Nard by General Washinst
In the Revolutionary War, the reason he
gives is that Ward. being folly-eight, was
too old Lafayette WAS wounded
mt brand vino " hen only nineteen, Knox
and Plckens, and others, We're not over
5DYenty-ilYo Wien tho. r evolution Logan.
One of the causes, II think, and deserved
causes, OF Roose Welt' IS popularity Is that
he breatlles q the health and spirit and
iyouthg.of tile country. lie stands for youth
and lfalth and energy.
d Now II must he taken for granted that
no one approaches the ethlcs'pf this qlles-
ton With any expectation Of proAt unless
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

whom about 81 per cent. are Chinese
lTung, all the laundry work Is done by
Chinese laundrymcn. This monopoly Of
n business which has 80 much to do with
tho comfort OF people living in a climate
which is extremely hot and damp in SUM
men, had led in the course of time 20
many abuses. The laundrymer would
only do your work under certain condi-
lions, which they prescribed Yo,, could
never get any work done5in a hurry, You
could never get any mistakes recttfied,5
and II Wong Fat brought YOU at the
end OF the week half a. dozen shirts, three
Of which were SO small YOU couldn't get
into them and three so large. that once
YOU got them on 1t took sou a good deal
OF hard work to find your way out, you
had no redress. ".
II you complained to Wong Fat he
would listen to you with apprcciative
smiles. promise that itaslioilld not occur
again, and at the end Of the next week
bring you shirts which fitted you. but
which were frayed at the cuffs and de-
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

lis. He should have some business. al :
though. as the doctor whom have q uoted
says q. man Of sxty-flve should not
force himself to his duty. $
Tho title Of this article How to Re-
main Young" Is the Same as that of one
which wrote about twenty years ago.
It was really suggested to me by q sue
cessful publisher, Il great friend of mine.
lie wrote to me. asking for something OF
this subject. said would do 1t and
prepared tho paper, hope shall Mt
he misunderstood when | saylthat think
that was the only thing that was re-
turned to mo by Il publisher
I said In that article. with perfect sins
plic!ty, that child Of God who was at
work with his Father, and was In MS
Fathers life all tho time, would natilr-
ally rely OH Omnipotenco; that II you
allied yourself with God you were al
power as workman working with Cod;
that In the morning when you get up
yuo could say. .'yyell, i am not much any
self, but THO good God VIII carry me
through"
We'll. this paper was returned me
publischer said that Ito thought he ought
to print II, and his vito thought he ought
to, but his was not q religious journal
and he did not want It to be stamped as
such.5 and. therefore. he could not print print
the article.
Now, If that is The real test Of the
literary world, II we are going TO try 70
got on with the attraction OF gravity
without knowing who makes It and aS-
cept tho universe without knowing what
its llfo springs FROM why, then think
America Is ina pretty hallway.
The man or woman who doesn' un-
derstana what it Is to live IN q spiritual
world, who doesn't know anything about
being a workman With God, Is q person
xou can't give AIN. rules to. because thai
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

gentlemen got together and imported a
few Japanese laundrytnen and set them
up In business. What happened? 1t
was found that all the resources OF the
government was exerted without avail to
protect the Japanese rivals In the pursuit
OF their business. The Chinese thought
the matter out and decided to drive
their competitors out OF the business.
This was not done by cutting down prices
OF by effecting improvements in the Chi
nose laundry service; still less was It
done by open violence, which would not
have been tolerated for moment by
the government, but by a number OF
insido,is manoeuvres, almost Impossible
TO detect or to Illustrate. a
a Japanese going along the narrow.
crowded streets with n laundry bundle
under his arm would find himself trpped
up by some one in the crowd, his bundle
nv nm apparently innocent passcr-by fall
ing over 1t. The clothes were soiled.
and our Japanese friend had to go to his
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

which have local habitation and name
and pursue the even tenor Of their way
undisturbed by consular reports or cons
missions OF inquiry. profoundly indif-
fcrcnt to criticism. concerned only with
laying down the rules under Which must
be played the most complicated game
in the world-the game Of the China
trade.
/ pass now to another kind Of union
ism, one which 1t is very difficult to de-
fine or classify. AS far as / am aware
there Is no literature OF the subject OUT
side the files OF newspapers published
in the China ports; and do not know
whether to class my facts under the
head OF guilds. unions, secret societies or
what not.
The deepest impression which I carried
away with me from China, and from those
countries. like the Straits Settlements,
and the Federated Malay states. where
the population is predominatingly Chi
nesc, was that of the extraordinary way
from the neighboring province Of Kwang
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04
}lDES UNI0NISM IN CHINA DESCRIBED BY ALLEYNE RELAN[
}, and Servants Have Combinations and Rule the ousef

and water carrier and sweeper. Ths
master OF the house came home t,tlex-
pectedly one night having been taken
III Mt one OF the convivial gathering OF
scotchmen which do not as a rule lead
to early homegoings, and he found his
No. 1 boy sitting at his roll top desk.
which lie had broken open, going over
his letters, and private memoirs ida, some
OF which he had already transferrcdsBto
his pockets. My friend was indignant.
and Indignation with a Chinese servant
is never, reduced In volume by the COM ~
pacent self-satisfaction with which the
detected rascal smilingly accepts your re-
marks-and dismissed him on the spot
The next day the No. \ boy came in
at breakfast time and said he would.
have to leave, as his mother in Kow.i
loon was dying and he wished to 80 and
attend to the funeral ceremonies. Later
lin the day the cook bethougllt him OF "a
brother who desired his company on g
trip to Shanghai, where another brother.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

SIXTY with boys OF siXteen-unless you
wang to. Don't pretend that you arc a
boy, H I'd sl
D A certain doctor told me that at sixty.
five. years Of age a man N good health
was in his prime. but he also said that
at the age of forty-five physical strength
is on tho decline. remember that he
took n piece OF paper and drew the semi
circle OF q mans life, using It TO illus
trato the increase Of physical powers TO
their full development which, he said
was the middle OF the curve. and that
tho curve declined after forty-fve But
he said that n mans spiritual life was
always enlarging.
e That is tho reason why, when you talk
with an older gentleman he knows so
much moro than you do, and Is able to
help you there, though perhaps he is in
such physical decline that you could
throw him ont Of the window II you
wanted to. That person must rely more
rpon the experience Of advancing life,
for instance, than on ILLS dancing or
walking or active exercise,
TO make tho best Of the power thus
gained by experience wo must use 1t
gunconsclously.
Ono mustn't constantly BIO saying: 7
am older than you and ! know a great
deal more They say that young peo-
ple think old people arc fools and old
people know that young people are. Ono
should keep that thought out Of sight
VIC must not ba thinking or ourselves all
the timo. Don't be bothered about yo,lr-
self The good God will take care Of that
IL you take care of the other things, But
nobody ever forget himself who had
to remember to forget himself Tho way
10 forget yourself Is to think of sone-
body larger aud better than yourself,
4 Now, as II matter of personal. expe-
rience. as well as What the best GUIDES
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

about the two great classes OF guilds
which regulate the actions Of employers
and employees in the regular trades or
crafts.
The guilds known as wci-kwnn re-
semblc our chambers OF commerce; those
called kung-so more nearly approach our
trades unions. Tho wcl-kwan regulates
the affairs OF the particular trade to
which Its members belong. For y, e
stance, as there are no standard weights
and measures III China, the guilds fix
their own units. ana all members OF tho
guilds must adhere to them, under Tho
strlctcst penalties Again. II disputes
arise, whether between employers and
wofkmcn or within tho ranks Of either
class, the question comes before the
guild and if$it is found that one Of the
tisputants has committed an offence he
Is punished In one Of tie several ways,
according to the magnitude Of lils offend
ling.
II his brcacl, OF tho guild rules Is not
very serious tho offender is called on 70
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

II r
obsve how workmcn and employers,
nd got together and set up an organl-
zion so elaborate. SO ingenious, 80
n,crful that our own unions are insignifi-I
1T by comparison. You must leave the
Il lite mans countries and 20 to those.
i4i1 the yellow man-notably to China.
9Thesnnlolis OF China. or guilds. az they
yrc called. are Of very ancient origin.
harco Polo, who was in China during
tIe Thirteenth century, describes the,
guilds OF Kinsay, the modern Hang
chow. and says "that there were in this
city twelve guilds OF the different crafts.
and that each guild has 1000 hou SEES in
the occupation OF its workmen.
But, in common with many other Chi
nese institutions, the history of the
guilds Is lost In antiquity, and IT Is
not even known whether the idea Of
these combinations came from India or
was native to the soil. No one WHO
visits China to-day can spend week
in one OF the treaty ports or in Hong.
kong without hearing about the guilds
and other unions which honeyconb the
native society with ntrigues--some per-,
fcrtly benevolent In intention. others con-
stituting a serious menace to law and
order
1t is 5intereiSing to note that the CHI
nose employers arc organized into guilds
TO quite as great an extent as tho work
men, though the ordinary traveller Is
not greatly affected In his comings and
goings by the combinations OF merchants.
What touches the traveller and gives
him the sense OF being completely the
slave OF his surroundings In China is
lie extraordinary network of unions or
secret societies which control every ac-
a5tion OF every person with whom he
comes In contact, from the man who.
sells him the latest thing in Chinese an
tioues ffrom Birmingham to the man
who rushcs him through the crowded
streets in a dilapidated rlcksha.
The Two Great Glasses Of Guilds
But before dealing will, these humber
organizations I must give some facts
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

provide a feast and a dramatic perform
a,,ce for the members OF the guild. This
i Is an ingenious arrangement. for IN pay
Ing for the feast and the play the Of
fender is touched in his tendcrest spot
and the expense Of these entertainments
is sometimes very great--yet, owing to
THE fact that the offender is the host
he IS treated with the greatest respect
by cyt.ry Y one and no hint Is heard that
the whole affairsis really punishment.
Thus the Chinaman saves his face
B in other words, lie preserves his rcpu-Y
tation.g sf
But II the offence Of an erring member
should be really serious; If 1t should in
svclvef d deliberate defiance OF the guild.
rules, the punishment is extremely se-s
we're, amounting In practice 1.-THE com +
3plete ruin OF the offender. n such a
case the offender, is expellde from the
guild and is boycotted All the menu
bers Of the guild are notified OF the ex-5
pulsion. and are forbidden to have any
dealings of any kind with the expelled
man. Nor does the punishment sop
there, for In China, where native OF one
city is as much Il .foreign devil to
the native OF another city fifty miles
away as is tie real foreigner. the man
who Is turned ont of a guild has n very
poor chance OF establishing himself else
where.
II he goes to another city he must
present himself at once to the guild Of
his trade, for without tho consent of
that body lie could do$no business, and
he tlicn finds that the guild from which
lie has been expelled has Informed every
guild Of the Same trade OF the sentence
against him, and that by mutual arrange
mellt the boycott against him has been
taken up anu extended overt tho whole
country.
ItSls seldom that any resort is had to
violence In carrying out the DEGREES of
the guild. Tho boycott Is so complete
In extent and so terrible In Its effects
thatfthc knowledge that It may be APP
piled nearly always suflices; but when
the interests of the guild require that a
horrible example should be made OF some
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04
HOW TO KEEP YOUNG

i. lie has previously applied the earlier d.
rcctf6ns. 1t Is supposed, for instance, that
hos has accustomed himself to sleep and
eats.regularly, and that he takes regular
EXERCISE In 1.-THE open air every day OF
his life.
A story which one Of the most beauutful
women ever knew made to mo when Eshe
must have been about forty-eight years
oldss apropos here. 1t was in the early
days OF my ministry, and / had been ma X
ing a. parish call. AS came away ]
laughed and said : III s v
'Would yo,, be good enough to give me
The secret of beauty"
why, what do you mean" he said.
s5'NVell,n8I said 'if you wi permit me TO
young ladies I meet. and yet8yo have a
body of eighteen.
81 can tell you ono thing, Nv. Hale, !"
l she replied; when VIC We're married and
iScame out hero TO I4ongwood to live. my
husband said to me: Sarah, tho trouble
with you will he that you won't take ex-
orclse enough, and i will mako this prom
iso to YOU will give you seyenty-llye
cents a day for every walk you take
which carried our further than such and
such post, or course, It WAS nothing
but fun. j didn't need the money, and
didn't do 1t for that, hut many q time
li;,ye put on3,ny India rubber boots and
cloak and taken mile walls and back
because i wanted to score him with tho
fscyenty-five cents. ] got into the habit Of
that two-mile walk every day. rain or
shine 81
Now Very few woman Of to-day have
got into hat habit, butt would be better
for them IL they had, And SO say, live
in Tie open air just5as much as youcan,
II you are to maintain intercourse with
the young, you must, in certain things,
tho fact that you arc not physically young
and make the a llylilse of playing ball at
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

I had business Interest s. The FL water
carrier8had no sense of hum or, and left II
without making any excuses.
Well, my friend. who was new to the
far east, set about getting a new staff
OF servants. After few weeks OF
misery with incompetent and insolent#
'boys,' sent to the house, of course, n by
the former "boys, Z" whose accomplices
theye were In the pretty com dy. he re-
Eceived sa8visit from The N 81 boy HON
he had dismissed and was quite con-
tent to let bygones be bygones lgs
If you try to stand out gainst this.
tyranny your life is made unbearable. si
Your former servants and their friends
will see to it that the butcher will not ri
sell you good meat, you r baker good bread
that noisy ricksha RULERS will sit under
your wind ows when you have company
Il In the evening and hold a heated dis
kcussion at the top Of their voices on this
merits of some particular brand OF rica$8
or sausage. t that your pet dog dies Of IS
&coic; that your bicycle tires are pune N
StGrcd at night by broken glass strewed
lin your ga teway; in fact, they will gee Ss
ITO it that either they themselves q ara Il:
taken back or their near rela tives ems
ployed to fill their places SO that the n
moneyGiss kept III the family: SSslss
e. If you happen to be a high official Aof Il
the government or tho head Of q great
business firm which exercises power and a III
authority over a great number OF people,
you may Succeed In escaping from the
mastery Of your personal servants;S but
i II you arc only an unoffending traveller d
or a humble resident, you nigh T. as Well Ss5
hope to change the laws OF gravtta ton 3sS
or to make water flow UP hill as to have
your owl, way in your: own hous In China n
II your way is not the ono which pleases ii;
your servants. for they are all banded 8
$togethcrin a league. or union, or guild.
or whatever 1t should BIO called. wnlch 8;
will sooner or latea' make you come round 4
to Its views. sy$3 & s5
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04
| 81
(EXH||

81 l,
With mo that the only possible way for a
mother to keep young and fresh is to
spend as much time as possible With her
children and with young people,
e Young people can always be made 70
associate with their elders, owe the
greatest enjoyment OF my life to the fact
that / could associate with my father
.ssund mother and an older brother and
sister. | have never forgotten what the
scompa nlonship Of older friends has been
to me-
When my mother. then over seventy,
was asked what her chief occupation was.
sl,e said that 1t was talking TO young
people. And 1t was always so, When
3wo were children growing up NO alked
< To hcr and With her about everything Wo
had seen or done. She always made us
feel that she was enjoying u al, and !
believe she VAS, y
Sarah Bernhardt, Who'll believe Is sixty
years8of ago. has q number Of young neo-
PIC who take care Of her. Eile llnder-
stands the art of Keeping young YOU, ana
therefore, she always keeps win yo'u'ls
people aa much as posslp pie,
great mi al AXE I that old people are
ant ID max fis to- draw away from tho
Young Ell, gey, erat ion and livc a reserved,
lonely slifa l\Inong themsalyc Nothing \ y
better Cor Zen n young man or woman
Of tWenty-of IA or tWanty-tYo than q cons
pany OF yol$ n people younger than him.
self on iseIsa ii IA gppd for Y hoy sof
fifteen ia have COMP mons among men
OF twenty OF older, and for u man Of
thirty natl,lng Is, bettSrs Il a ii companions
among syoungert people. giss s. " ~.
Edward lambs one 81 the great iron
paeR pt the spol4 ntrys n now abo1 Y nine'y
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04
BvREV EDWARD EVERETT HALE

man or woman won't use the rules 81
Very seriously, the way to remain
young is to remember that we are im-5
mortal beings; that this business OF so
many years is only a sort of a calendar
buiness and a very insignificant part OF
our whole career; that we are real chil-
dren OF God, II we partake OF Gods mas
ture.
AS God is eternal, we are immortal. IL
We cal, always bear that IN mind we shall
remain young. 45 gS IN
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

1.-THE guild performs the Invaluable SER
vice. OF keeping alive n spirit Of self
reliance and Independence. 1t teaches
the value of personal industry, integrity.
mutual aid, 5and all the elementary. virtues
OF social existence, and with It's capacity
within limits-for charge and expansion
1t provides fairly well the mediation need
full for orderly and comfortable living.
Trade Unionism Difficult to De-
fine.
3 So much for tho recognized guilds
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04
rYp1cAL CIRQUE or NATIVES on NoRTH CHINA.

void Of buttons a. all critical points II
you thereupon dismissed Wong Fat With With
Indignant words, and sent for another 't11!'.r.
la,,ndryman, you would find in "a week or
two that. n although the laundry wa
brought to you by another man, It was.
still being done by Wong Fat. and that
he was getting the money for 1t, Ihis
is effected by an arrangement among,
Acknowledgements. and defeats any attempt
atSreform. ~ s5 a
byIintroducng competition a number OF
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-12-04

In which the Chinese hang together and
support one another under all clrcum I'M.
stances as. against the foreigner.
Whether there lies behind this a regular
organization or whether It is just a race
Instinct which finds Its expression III
mutual support against every foreigner:
/ have never been able to find out, SO
Il content myself with giving fey In :
stances Of tho kind OF thing Whlch =
refer.
In Honkong, which is British colony
with a population Of 100000 people. OF