davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1904-04-10
q e Stories That PORTRAY the Life of the Warning Nations D.
Story of the COSSack

upon Russian merchantmen plying on
these rivers.
Under the present regime there are no
less than hfty-one regiments OF Cos
sacks, under eleven main tribal oiv!s-
ions. Chief OF these are the Cossacks DI
the Don, who give name TO a province
OF a million and a half inhabitants.
These were the most ready 70 resume
the Russian yoke and show most adapt
ability to civilization.
The Cossacks OF the Don supply two
regiments and one battery OF horse ar
tillery to the guard. seventeen regiments
and seven batteries to the cavalry
proper. and three independent squad
rons- The personal escort Of the Car
is supplied by the Cossacks OF the
Kouban and the Terek-
Names Of Divisions.
The following are the names Of tho
eleven main divisions: First, Cossacks
Of the Don; second, Cossacks Of ths
Kouban: third. Cossacks OF the Terek;
fourth. Cossacks Of Astrakhan; fiftn,
Cossacks Of the Oural; sixth. Cossacks
OF Orenburg; seventh, Cossaclxs Of ST.
IBERIA; eighth, Cossacks OF Semi
baikal: tenth, Cossacks OF the Ar1ur;
His Own Teacher.
At Russian military reviews the Cos
sack always plays a notable part. In
other respects the Russian army IS
much like that Of other Continental
powers; but the Cossack has his own
manual OF instructions
Every member OF the squadron Is a
trick rider. who could put the cleverest
circus acrobat to shame: and the firing
exercises introduce features which only
clever riders wi clever animals could
perform
In one Of the exercises or this sort
the pony lies down and forms a cover
for its rider. On campaign this unique
skill is largely in evidence. and the
enemy is COMPOUNDED by tricks.
Makes a Good Soldier.
On campaign, moreover. the Cossack
is particularly useful, as he is accus-
toned TO scanty food and extreme cold.
while no better forager has yet been
discovered in the armies OF Europe
The army Of Napoleon on its retreat
from Moscow had only too good reason
to regret the prowes5 of this niTnble
scout who harassed the dlspirited tanks
of the once victorious army.
On TIE first day Of the Russo Turk
ish We OF 1877. a Cossack regiment
covered seventy miles IN twenty-four
hours 70 secure an important bridge,
and the latest reports from Korea
show that COssac11 scouts have made
daring dashes TO the south, in spite OF
the immense superiority of the japanese
forces in the triangle south Of Seoul
and Ping Yang and WOnsan.
Endure Severe Pain.
a remarkable feature OF the Russian
and Cossack soldier is his fnsensibilfty
to pain. In the Balkan struggle men
suffering from Incredible wounds used
TO march stoIidly 20 the ambulance 50
that soldiers left in the lighting. line
should not have 20 be detached 10 carry
them away.
A good story. though not strictly Cos
sack. is told of the soldiers in a redoubt
at Sebastopol. who We're about 10 par
take OF the usual soup from the usual
pail.
| A shell fell IN their midst, but cool
| headed Russian ran and dropping il into
/ the pail cried, Welcome, Maris
| Ivanovna. ard taste our soup. London
Black and White.
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

lI| HE industrial revolution in
Japan viii soon necessitate
4 labor legislation. We don't
know where we are. and we want to
profit by your experience"
The preceding is the statement re-
Gently made 70 DR.. Josiah Strong, presi-
dent Of the American Institute for Social
Service by a japanese who had come TO
this city 10 study the question Of in
slustrial and social betterment. He is
manager of a brush factory, known
throughout Japan as the model fac
tory Of that country. He is said TO be
an influential man in the empire in edu-
cational as well as industrial lines.
Light on Subject.
Much light was thrown on the sub
iect Of his study during his visit, and
on his return home he wrote the follow
ing letter:
NY Dear Or. Strong; Permit me to
write to YOU with hearty thanks. Ire
ceived much photographs with thankfut
heart And 1 visited a few Manufac-
turing Cos in Brooklyn. These gave me
many interests and much teachings.
7 believe that present condition Of the
Iabors in Japan ought to be elabated and
implOved greatly II 1 could contribute
a few things for that purpose hereafter,
It IS certainly your influence on me. l
much obIige TO you and much thanks
for you"
Dr. Strong hopefully takes this Incl
dent as a token of the realization Of the
need of Industrial reform that Is slowly
forcing itself upon Japan.
It is very probable that in the near
future an institute Of social service,
built upon the lines Of the American in
stitute, will be organized in Japan. This
undertaking viii not be of the govern
ment's direction. but viii be under the
auspices Of the Christian missionaries n
Japan. At large conference Of the
missionaries from the whole empire,
held last fall. Dr. J. D. Davis, chairman
OF the meeting, preached the subject.
It met with immediate favor from the
entire adherence. and a committee was
appointed then and there TO take up the
matter. At a conference this month the
committee viii make its report and the
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

vent his mastery Of the larger questions
affecting Russian policy.
THE Gar IS a kindly, saddened. over
worked. and unhappy man. His desire
10 do his duty cOmpels him 10 engage
In an unceasing struggle with details
which are never overtaken. In this
struggle he is helped by one Of the best
and noblest of women. whose virtues
are derived through her mother from
Queen Victoria.
When the Car was a boy he had an
English nurse. who taught him to speak
English without accent, and planted in
his mind a love Of English methods Of
life and habits. which he has never lost
When the Gar is in private costume he
has recourse TO an English tailor. Eng
hsh family life is his delight, and the
English constitutional system he re-
CARDS with a favorable eye In charac-
ter he is more like his grandfather
than his father, but, Notwithstanding
his undOubted abilities and fine DISPOSE
ton, he is too completely In the hands
Of his ministers and OF his mother TO
The Washington times., 1904-04-10
The Great White Gar of Russia

exercise serious control over Russian
policy.
The Car Nicholas II is physically
weak; his nerves are shattered. his viii
feeble. He Is amiable where irOn-hand-
edness Is essential He is dependent
when a strong individuality is required.
He is constantly in subsection first to
one influence and then 10 another. He is
more than usually amenable to women's
control and the fair sex has on more
than one occasion exercised powerful.
II not Calamitous. influence upon his
life
The atmosphere of suspicion and
gloom produced by the constant sense
Of impalpable danger Overshadows the
spirits of everyone at the Russian
court. The Gar never knows
who are his friends and who his enc
mics. An abiding sense OF distrust is
the result. and hence the passionate
affection that his majesty feels for his
wife. whose faithful counsel and patient
sympathy are the bright spots in one Of
the saddest lives in Europe"
The Washington times., 1904-04-10
japan Child Labor

social service work in japan will prob
ably have an organized beginnin-
Institute Sadly Needed.
In a recent interview. DIR. Strong ex-
blamed the reasons why an institute
for social service is so sadly needed n
Japan.
"One of the results of the industrial
revolution now in progress there he
said. lis the redistribution Of population
into the large cities. The young girls
and boys are leaving their homes, which
the idea Of the old patriarchal family
has hitherto held together, and are
hocking into the cotton factories. Tots
as young as seven years are sometimes
employed in these big factories and are
forced to work under most unhealthy
conditions Twelve. thirteen. and often
fourteen hours are required as the day s
work In a factory. The children work
for week or two by day, then for
the same same time change to night
duty. Another evil is the boarding
house. where dozens of boys and girls
are herded together in an unsanitary
and immoral fashion"
@Millionaire's Home"
One of the things that most impressed
the manager of Japan's model factory
on his Western trip was the working
mans cottage as ii is built in many
English and American manufacturing
towns. When shown photograph or a
model cottage in Liverpool. he eXclain-
ed with enthusiasm: THE home Of Il
millionaire
Besides the evils of overwork and I'M
sanitary lodgings. the workers in ia
pan are underfed. DR.. Strong hopes that
if the controllers OF the factories IN
Japan refuse TO see the need Of social
and industrial betterment for the good
of humanity. they may be brought
to realize that it is a paying thing
from a business point Of view. he
wants TO make them know that by put
ting their employees in cramped working
quarters. by overworldng them and ~
permitting the existence Of the unsan
itary boarding houses they are losing
money or themselves as well as doing
injury to the future Of the japanese
race.
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

nfty-eight marriages under the age Of
fourteen, and the age at which the
greatest number of marriages was re-
ported was between twenty and TWEEN
ty-oue. Only about 800 women were re-
ported as marrying between the ages
OF forty and forty-one, but perhaps
japanese women are prone. ike their
Western sisters. TO cease having birth
days after they pass thirty. There
were a few marriages OF very old wo-
men, UP to and beyond the age of
eighty.
$500 Divorces.
The civil state of the women marrying
is significant. More than 247, 900 Of the
whole number are reported as maidens.
and nearly $500 as widows, while nearly
50 800 were divorced women.
Astonishing are the divorce statistics
of Japan. In this report it Is shown
that with fewer than 100000 marriages
reported in the year. there were more
than 5000 divorces. The proportion of
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

4 y interesting picture Of Nicholas
n Of Russia has been drawn by
1 1 writer in the current Fort
nightly Review" The principal points
are as follows.
The amusements Of the car are few
He is fond Of photography. sometimes
iu5ulges in a mood for the making Of
melancholy verse. and is an adept with
the cycle When at Gatchina he IS in
the habit Of cycling By himself for d
portion Of every day. but at Peterhof
the work brought down from St. Peters
burg and the constant interviews with
ministers and officials consume the
whole of his time. and light in his
majestys writing room may be seen far
into the night as he labors with the
mountains Of papers that are dispatched
10 him by cunning ministers who are
resolved TO surround the young Gar
with a parapet Of detail in order to pre-
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

JAPANESE marriage is essential
" Iy a business transaction. and its
1 \ celebration is remarkable for
total absence of sentiment Of any kiRd-
There is nothing characteristic OF a re-
Igious ceremony about it.
It Is regarded by all concerned merely
as g civil contract; and the presence Of
a priest is deemed quite unnecessary
even by the most devout wOrshipers OF
Buddha.
Keep in the Dark.
All preparations for a marriage are
undertaken by the friends of both par
ties, and the couple themselves are
about the last persons whose advice is
sought or whose wishes are studied
When young Jap reaches the age OF
twenty he begins TO look around for
somebody TO share his heart and his lit
tie fortune of yen. When he has made
his choice he fixes a sprig Of lespedeza
to the house Of the lady's parents and
awaits developments.
If the sprig is neglected and allowed TO
wither away unnoticed he knows That
his suit is rot favored; but II the maiden
appears next day with her teeth black
ened he knows at once that his love is
accepted.
Weds at Sixteen.
The young lady is usually about six
teen wears old, this being the age at
which japanese girls are expected TO be
able TO undertake the duties of mother
hood
The engagement which precedes the
marriage is of short duration. Such
thing as an engagement ring is quite
unknown. In its place the young man
gives his betrothed a rich sash of col
ored silk
The giving Of presents is quite a Curl
Gus feature OF the engagement. These
are given so iavishIy that when the
time comes to set up housekeeping the
young couple find their resources almost
exhausted.
A bride receives no dowry, but she is
provided instead with a trousseau and
the necessary household furniture. En-
broidered silks take the place Of jewelry.
which latter is not worn by the women
OF Japan.
Mayor Ties Knot.
On the mOmentous day the bride al
most cOnceals her face under thick
coating OF paint. and, In company with
the bridegroom and all relations, goes
TO have the marriage legally registered
in the Office of the kocho. or mayor of
the town.
The real celebration commences in the
evening. when the wedding feast takes
place. This feast is more like a dinner
party than anything else, its chief fea-
lures being the changing Of garments
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

VUsT as a King of England found
it good policy to call his heir
~ Prince of Wales. Russian Car
propitiated his most intractable sub
jects by making the Czarovitch Atanan
chief of the Cossacks. The personal es-
cort Of the Little Father is also sup
piled from e. Cossack regiment.
The world indeed has never yet seen
a finer body of light cavalry. and It Is
no wonder that the Russian military
authorities have allowed the hardy
horsemen of the steppes to retain some
thing Of their own method Of warfare,
and to grant them set Of regulations
distinct from those Of the rest Of the
army
Conquered Siberia.
The services that the Cossacks have
done to the Russian Empire are meal
cuiabIe It was they who conquered
siberia under the leadership OF the va
liant Yornak.
It was they who defed the Turk and
without artillery captured the fortress
Of the Azov. To them is intrusted the
most difficult Of all tasks. that OF
guarding the ever-growing frontiers
against resentful neighbors. Recent
travellers have described the Cossack
outposts on the borders Of Manchuria
perched in almost inaccessible wilds.
showing that the old duty has been as
signed to this race of fontiersmen.
A Youthful Beginner.
No wonder the Cossack is a famous
horseman. A sympathetic writer has re-
Gently described the average career of
the future warrior At the age Of three
he learns to sit astride a horse in the
courtyard of his fathers house Two
years later he shows himself on horse
back in the village street, and exercises
with his young comrades.
No wonder that at the age of twenty
he seems almost TO be one flesh with
the sturdy beast that carries HIM
When the wife of a Cossack, becom-
ing a mother, went to the church forty
days after her confinement for tho
prayer Of publication, and returned
home with her son In her arms. the IA
Their buckled a sword to the waist OF
| the child and. handing it to his wife
| congratulated her on having given brit
! to a Cossack."
Led a Nomadic Life.
The Cossacks were not always under
Russian government. and indeed are said
/ by some authorities to have originated
/ from emigrants who could not stand the
/ slavery OF the Russian system, and pre-
/ ferred so far back as the tenth century
to lead a nomadic rObber life in the
/ Steppes OF the Taktars.
| These nomad hordes grew in power
/ and number TIL they became a formid-
] able force and as the Cossacks. or free
men," were more friendly 10 their Rus
sian kinsfoIk than to the Tartars, they
gradually formed a convenient buffer
/ state.
They elected their own atamans (het'
I mans or chiefs until the beginning OF
| the present century; they owned large
| herds of cattle. and many Of them at
] tanned considerable wealth.
Grow in Power.
| As they grew in power they probably
| absorbed Tartar and CircasSian stock
| Those in the neighborhoOd OF Don and
! Dneiper became skillful boatmen anC
! fishermen. though, at least till the day
OF Yormak. they gained the major part
/ OF their livelihood from pirate attacks
The Washington times., 1904-04-10
Marriage a Business

and the drinking OF enormous quantities
of a rice-wine known as sake
When dusk is falling the bride is taken
10 the house Of her father-in-law in a
palanquin, escorted by a little process
sion carrying Chinese lanterns The
relatives take their seats in one end OF
the principal apartment, while thu bride
groom's friends sit opposite.
The bride, dressed entirely IN white. is
led into the room by two richly-attired
Young girls. The bridegroom, who has
already taken a seat in the middle Of
the room, makes no sign OF recognition,
but keeps his eyes fixed on the ground.
while the bride seats herself opposite
him. A table IS then drawn forward.
on which is placed a double-spouted ket-
tie filed with hot sake.
Gather Around Table
Another table. loaded with eatables. IS
placed before each person and the feast
begins. The two girls who escorted the
bride into the room hand cups Of sake
to the guests. who are expected to drain
them to the dregs for luck.
After this ceremony the bride ana
bridegroom retire for short time 10
change their costumes When they re-
turn the two bridesmaids Ill three cups
with sake and hand them 20 the bride
and her parents-in-Iaw. Three cups are
imbIbed by the father-in-law, who then
gives the vessel to the bride.
She in her turn drinks three cups. and
receives a present from his hands. An
other course. usually rice or fioru, is
now brought forward, and the bride
goes through the same ceremony OF
drinking with the bridegroom's mother.
afterward receiving another present a
thin SOUP is then served and three more
cups OF wine are drunk all around
Then comes the great event OF the
evening. This is the almost sacred sake
drinking by the married couple, which
appears 10 constitute a kind of mar
rage service. The bridesmaids bring
forward the double-spouted Kettle and
present it TO the lips OF the married
pair.
Share Joys and Sorrows
These drink alternately from it until
its contents have been exhausted. the
act being emblematicaI Of the way in
which they intend 10 share one another
joys and sorrows.
When the happy couple have partaken
of the sake the ceremony Is at an end
So well versed ere the bride, bridegroom,
and relations IN their roles that the
whole affair passes OF quite silently.
There is no confusion. Each person
knows what is expected Of him. and
does Il in a mechanical way that gives
the proceedings an air OF monotony
After the marriage the bride con-
tinues 10 live in her father-in-law'
house: for il is an almost invariable rule
that a welded couple shall dwell during
| their first months of married life a. the
house Of the bridegroom's father.
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

~ HE japanese government is using
all express trains. al sleeping
cars, and all dining cars in the
empire for military purposes, so that
ordinary travellers between Tokyo and
the seaports must take local trains. AS
the military trains are carrying whole
army divisions and have the right Of
way. local trains are sometimes kept
for hours on sidetracks.
The censorship IS absolutely paralyz-
ing. No information is given out by the
cable Office as TO what part Of any mes
sage, IL any, has been sent. The sys-
TEN permits military officials to change
the entire text OF cable. II the censor
chooses, by clever blue penciling.
Private replies TO cable dispatches fndi-
cate that only a part OF the messages
have gone.
Reticence Everywhere.
The politeness az the japanese army
and navy chiefs is equaled only by their
extraordinary power of reticence. They
are in one sense hattered by the world
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

social service work in japan will prob
ably have an organized beginnin-
The Washington times., 1904-04-10


"a statistical pamphlet in japanese
L and French reveals some curl
Gus facts of a social character.
According to this report. there were
in Japan in the year 1889 297.428 mar
rtGges. The age Of marriage seems to
be nearer that commonly prevailing IN
Europe and America than most per
sons suppose
Many Under Thirteen.
OF men. only five married under the
age of thirteen, and only JOS under the
age Of sixteen. Nearly 8, 400 married be
tween the ages Of sixteen and eighteen
The number OF marriages increased
rapidly up to the age Of twenty-four.
when II was rather more than 5000
After that age fewer and fewer men
married. and less than a thousand mar
ried between the ages of forty-eight and
forty-nine. though "a few men married
in extreme old age
n the case Of girls there were only
The Washington times., 1904-04-10

RECENT issue of a japanese /
statistical pamphlet in Japanese !
L and French reveals some curl |
The Hawaiian gazette., 1904-01-19
Aguinaldo Nay Visit.

1t Is not improbable that Honolulu
Will have an opportunity before many
months to see Emilio Aguinaldo, for
mer leader of the Filipinos. en- route
from Manila to the United States, to
attend the opening of the Worlds Fair
at St. Louis. There is movement on
foot TO appoint him a member of the
honorary commission to represent the
islands at st. Louis. Since taking the
oath of allegiance to the United States
Aguinaldo has behaved himself, and
1t is said, far more sensibly than his
sympat hizers in America.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1904-01-19
lAssoo1ATED PRESS oAsLEoRA1s.1

TOXIC JAM I6The Japanese steamship services with the
United States Europe and Bombay
releasing twenty-five for transport duty
TOXIC JAM IeThe press approves neutrality of China
in case of war; because of her military incapacity.
SEOUL JAM 16Korea to open the pos Of Yon
gampho and Jkolo.
SEOUL JAM 16-M Pavlof says that Russia will
permit the opening of Win but protect
sovereignty He considers the landing of Japanese unfiendy
act but says Russia will pursue a Fabian policy
WASHINGTON, JAM I6Count Cassini, Embas-
sado has assured Secretary Hay that the
States in Manchura will be respected.
BERLIN Germany Jan. 1s-The report
permission to send its Black Sea fleet through
been confirmed.
ST. PETERSBURG, Russia Jan. I5-The reply of Japa
Government to Rssa latest has been received The
Russian officials state that the outlook for hopeful
The Hawaiian gazette., 1904-01-19
Andromeda Again.

The Chronicle of January says:
1t is reported the bark Andromeda
has been refused entry at an Austria
liam port under the American flag. The
vessel, while bound from Newcastle
Australia, for this Coast, was dismast-
ed in storm and put into Honolulu.
Nelson Company of this city and taken
to Eureka, where the American flag
was temporarily substituted for Brit
ish registry, under which the andre.
media sailed.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1904-01-19
LIGHTHOUSE ESTI-
MATES CALLED FOR

The Bureau of Navigation at Wash
ington has called upon the local light
house inspector to furnish estimates of
in the Islands up to July 1. The esti-
mates may include a request for an ap-
preparation for the maintenance of an
Office disassociated with the Naval Sta
ton.
E. N. Shaw arrived on the Alameda
yesterday to act as clerk to the light
house inspector.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1904-01-19
AN EDITORS oPIN1oN.-John S.

AN EDITORS OPINION.-John S.
Dawes, Esq. editor and proprietor
Guardian and Star. Hokitika, New
Zealand, said: II have found Cham
berlain' Cough Remedy very valuable
medicine, having received great bene-
fit from its use when suffering from
cold, and as a preventive for Group
in children its excellent properties
have been testified in my family" For
sale by all dealers and druggists.
Benson. Smith & Co., Ltd, Agents for
Hawaii.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1904-01-19
California
To the EAST Ella
The Union Pacific
This Train Is really
FfrSt-Class Modern Hotel

with Handsome Parlors, Drawing
Rooms, Bed Chambers, Boudoirs, Lii
fraries, Smoking and Reading Rooms,
Barber Shops, Bath Rooms (hot and
cold water), superbly appointed Din
ing Rooms, glittering with Mirrors, Cut
Glass, Fragrant Flowers, Electric Can
deabra, etc.; Promenades, Observation
Rooms, Electric Lights, Electric Fans,
Telephones. Electric Reading Lamps,
Perfect Heat, etc.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1904-01-19
IS The
Overland
Limited

FL sCTRIC LIGHTED