davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-03

Williamson united Lieut.. e. A. Ogden
and the daughter OF Capt. g. Loonnis.
For the benefit of a few army chill
dren the first school was opened at the
post In 1921. Websters spelling book
was studied chiefly.
The same year Mrs. {Cel.) Smelling
and Mrs. Gfeut) Clark started, In the
basement Of the commanding officers
quarters, the first Sunday school The
Bible was read and the Episcopal pray
er book.
Although passing missionaries had
conducted occasional services at the
fort, the first church was established in
May, 1885, by Rev. Mr.. Williamson, a
Presbyterian, who administered the
sacrament to twenty-five persons.
Despite these evidences of community
and civilization the remoteness Of the
post was keenly felt during the first
winters.
I'VE were the only white people
within 800 miles, wrote Mrs. Charlotte
Van Cleve, daughter of Lieut.. Clark.
AS late as 1926 all mails were delayed,
on one occasion, for five months
Not but what the vicinity Of the fort
was thickiy settled with hospitable ma
tives. Sioux and Chippewas (Ojibways)
crowded the post grounds. During the
whole Of this first period Of perma-
nent settlement, from 1919 to 1887, IN
dams and Indian affairs occupied al
most exclusively the several command
ers of the post as well as the Indian
agent. Major Lawrence Taliaferro.
Maj. Taliaferro has been significant
ly described as twenty years an In
dian agent and still an honest man."
Small wonder that he was always at
variance with the Indian traders and
with most representatives of the Amer
lean Fur company, the great Aston
corporation. of which an exasperated
army officer, Col Taylor. ence wrote to
Taliaferro: This company Ia the ag-
gregate, is the greatest
scoundrel the world ever knew"
In the winter of 1925, thirty lodges
of Sioux, caught in a blizzard, starved
ard died except a few who ate the
bodies Of the dead. One sauaw ate her
own child and her fathers arms. She
was insane when found. Three years
later she asked Capt. Jouett. at the
post, Ii he knew which part OF man
was best to eat. sTile arms she add
ed quickly; then still laughing. she
cast herself into the Mississippi.
The same year party OF Chippewas
WAS treacherOusIy murdered while en-
tertainfng number OF Dakotas. Some
OF the Sioux were captured by soldiers
and others surrendered. The prisoners
Were confined a few days and then
turned over to the Chippewas by Col.
Smelling to run the gauntlet One
after the other, fleeing for their lives,
they, fell before the fire Of their enc
mics, rifles. Their bodies were thrown
over the bluff
Named After Col. Smelling
More than hundred successive Of
ficers, ranging from lieutenants to colo
nels, have commanded at Fort Smelling
during the eighty-five years of its ex-
istence. Or this commissioned CON-
pany, Col. Josiah Smelling, succeeding
Lieut.. Col. Leavenworth in June. 1921.
retained charge until May. 1925. He
served a second term" from Deem
her, 1926. to November. 1927. In 1924
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-03

presently sought to recover their free
dom by instituting the suit decided by
the federal supreme court.
slaves were once common at Smell
Ing. although the only purchaser
there of human chattels" was Alex
Maj. Garland. The Indians liked the
negroes. patted their heads and called
them "black Frenchmen."
The Indian period" so to speak,
came to an end at the post In 1887,
when treaties with the Sioux and the
Ojibways opened UP the pine lands ly-
ing between the Mississippi and the
st. Croix, and the white men appeared
as permanent settlers. The following
winter Franklin Steele made his claim
at st. Anthony. and in the spring st.
Paul was founded.
But all the land west of the Missis-
sippi exclusive Of the military reser-
walton still belonged to the Dakotahs.
Settlement at Minneapolis proper or
westward continued impossible until
1852 when congress ratified the great
treaty negotiated the year before at
Traverse ode Sioux.
The disappearance Of Indian lands
persuaded the federal authorities that
the Indians themselves would soon be
confined to reservations and that set
tiers had become more necessary than
soldiers. The great tract purchased
by Lieut.. Pike was therefore reduced
in May. 1853. to 1000 acres, and the
remainder of the land thrown open to
settlement. In November Of the same
year further reduction to 5000 acres
was announced.
Presently the argument was ad-
vanced that none of the military reser-
walton was needed; that Fort Smelling
should be abandoned. Franklin Steele
formed syndicate. as it would now be
called, and began negotiations for the
purchase of the land. A member. OF
Of John B. Floyd. secretary Of war.
The secretary agreed with the syndi-
cate to sell the reservation and i'm
proyements for 100000. Mr.. Steele
made the first payment in July, 1857.
May 81, 1858, the troops were with
drawn, and two months later Mr.
Steele took possession.
Sale Was Not consummatsd
However. a member Of congress. who
Is said to have been disappointed at
not being allowed to enter the syndi-
cate, called for an Investigation of the
sale. A commission visiting the land,
reported that it was still needed for
military purposes. Therefore the sub
seQuent payments, regularly rendered
by Mr.. Steele, were never accepted.
When the Civil war began Gov.
Ramsey and the late Gen. john Is. San
born. then adjutant general, desired
to use Fort Smelling as a military rem
devious. Mr.. Steele wished to hold
possession as against the federal gov
eminent, but he agreed to allow the
state authorities to enter
The First Minnesota appeared at the
former post April 20, 1861. During
September and October the Second
Third and Fourth Minnesota regiments
were organized at the fort; the Fifth
in March, 1862; and the Sixth in April,
1862
After the war. however, regular
troops again took possession. Gen.
Sanborn, acting for Mr. Steele, and op-
posed by Ignatius Donnel1y, then
member of congress, secured the pas
sage of an act by which 1881 1-3 acres,
including the post and its neighbor-
hood, were retained by the government,
and the remainder of the tract was
conveyed to Mr. Steele iR full settle
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-03

ment OF his claim. 1t Is estimated to
have cost him. eventually, about So an
acre. He obtained among the rest the
beautiful valley OF Minnehaha creek
and the famous falls as WELL 1t was
said that he would have given this
property to the Twin Cities for a park
If he had lived.
Little Advancement in Thirty Years
From 1870 until 1900 Fort Smelling.
though regularly occupied by troops.
showed little advancement Railway
connection with the post had been sup
piled in 1865. But the wagon bridge
across the Mississippi to the terminus
of what was then Fort street, now
West Seventh street, was not erected
until 1879
In the same year, Gov. Ramsey, being
secretary of war, eager to make due
appropriations, buildings for depart
ment headquarters were erected on the
plateau about one mile south of the old
fort. The buildings were completed in
1881, when the department officers and
clerks moved out from st. Paul. Five
years later they moved back again to
take possession of the present army
building, on Robert street. the site
which had been contributed by the
local citizens. Garrison officers then
entered the upper post buildings. In
1900 DdTEdCkS we're duu6u IOr the en-
listed men and the lower post was
practically abandoned.
The last two years have begun a
new era for old Smelling. More than q
million dollars has already been ap-
propriated for the erection of new
buildings and the enlargement of the
reservation. New barracks have been
erected at the upper post; barracks.
stables, gun sheds and other accom-
1afJ I7ax hoo 6a1
between the old and the lower post
and west of the lower post for several
batteries Of field artillery; fine build
ing has been erected for the post ex-
change and gymnasium; electric lights
have taken the place OF kerosene
lamps; modern water system and an
adequate sewer system have been con-
structed; a spur track has been laid
connecting the post directly with the
Milwaukee railway.
Big Changes at Fort
Just now, moreover, important
changes and improvements are IA
progress at the lower post. The well
known round tower OF 1920. as well as
the hexagonal tower ON the south side,
has been restored: the commanding
officers quarters at the east end OF
the diamond have been remodeled: the
line officers quarters along the south
side, and, perhaps, the equally Old
structure on the opposite side, will be
made over into larger, more eonven-
lent buildings in the Spanish mission
style, with red tiled roofs and long
arcades. Cavalry will take quarters In
the ancient post.
Slaves and Indians have disappeared
from Smelling; automobiles have sup
planted the Red river carts; gasoline
launches have left behind the canoes
OF log and bark; electricity, not candles.
now illumines the old round tower
Col. Leavenworth's ninety-eight in
fantrymen will be succeeded, within
another year. by one squadron of cav
airy, two batteries of field artillery.
and one full regiment Of infantry. IL
The Six, The Arrow, Red Wing. White
BASTARD and Little Crow senior were
TO see it ali, they would place their
hands across their mouths.
Big medicine" truly, at old Fort
Anthony.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-03

Lord selkirl in 1912, remained a COM
naereiai menace after the war had
closed
At last, In June. 1919. Lieut.. Henry
L eavenworth, with ninety efght men
of the Fifth infantry, U. S. A. received
orders to take to 'St. Peters in
steamboat the goods promised the
Sioux In return for the lands sold to
Lieut.. Pike. 1t was found Impractical
BILE to navigate these waters with a
steamboat" so Col. LeavenWorth
made the journey with keel boat pror
PEELED by poles and sails. In August
and, by coincidence, on Monday, the
23d-the soldiers reached st. Peters
and encamped ION its right bank" be-
low the future fort. Other narratives,
however. insist that this first encamp-
ment, called New Hope, was across
the Minnesota on the present site Of
Mendoza. In any event, a threatened
inundation the following spring COM
PEELED the company to move May S,
1920. to the vicinity of the springs on
the Mississippi shore above the future
grayeyard-springs that until recently
supplied the fort with water This was
called Camp Cold Water"
But the location of permanent fort
was indicated by the natural advan-
tages of the plateau a hundred feet
above the water and between the TIVE
rivers. Two sides of the protective
triangle would be fortified by nature.
Tower Corner Stone Laid in 1920
For this new stronghold, called Fort
st. Anthony. in honor OF the nearby
falls. all material was gathered by the
soldiers. They performed the labor
also. The corner stone Of the round
tower, still standing, was laid, with
much ceremony. in September, 1920,
but the work upon the various build
ings was not completed before 1922
The first saw mill was built by troops
from the fort on the site OF Minneap-
oils In 1922
In the spring of 1925 the first grist
mill was erected by the soldiers at st.
Anthony falls. This was long known as
the ssold government mill"
May 10. 1928. the Virginia, Capt.
Crawford. reached Fort Anthony, being
the first steamboat to navigate the up
per Mississippi. The Indians covered
their mouths with their hands. in token
of astonishment at what they soon be-
gan to call the fire boat
In the winter of 1929 the first we'd
ding took place among the new Min
nesotans. A Mr.. Dennis whose eon-
nection with the army is not specified
married the only young lady" at the
post. She was fifteen years old. But
in order to secure the services of a
clergyman, the wedding party travelled
500 miles On the Ice down to Prairie
du Chen and back again.
The first marriage service in which
a clergyman took part within the
boundaries of Minnesota was perform
ed at the pest when, in 1885, Rev. DR..
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-03

10th OF last April by the Emperor Ma
poleon.
The subsequent ST. Paul and the rest
OF the state had become British at the
same time that Minneapolis took on its
spanish hue. When peace was estab-
ilshed. after the Fathers of the Daugh.
tiers had quite fighting, the Northwest
territory and the site Of this town was
not recognized as Indiana until the
year 1900.
Five years later when Ramsey
county had moved into Michigan.
Thomas Jefferson and his advisers.
learning that the country about the
upper Mississippi was practically in
the possession Of Great Britain, whose
traders monopolized all traffic with
the Indians, directed First Lieutenant
Zebulon M. Pike, u. S.-A., subsequent
ly Gen. Pike, to ascend the great river
drive out the British traders and re-
connoiter the territory. With a small
party, he went up the Mississippi dur
Ing September, 1905. He arrived Sat-
urday, Sept. 81, at the Sioux village
of kaposia, at that time located across
the river from the present South st.
Paul He saw three bears swimming
the river and he was surprised at the
taikatiyeness of the Indian women. He
passed on up to the mouth of the ST.
Peters, now the Minnesota river. and
eneamped On the big island opposite
the mouth, since called Pixies island.
Little Crow, father of the better known
chief Of that name, and other Sioux
leaders, attended a council on the ISL
and Monday, Sept. 49,
After a speech by the visitor the In
dams gave the land required" wrote
> Lieut.. Pike, "about 100, 900 acres. eu,ai
to 100000 in value. gave them pres
ents worth about 5000 and allowed the
traders to present them with sixty
gallons Of liquor. In half an hour they
were all embarked for their respective
villages"
The treaty granted to the United
States only the permission to establish
military pests in an area nine miles
square up the Mississippi" the tract
to run nine miles along each shore of
the river.
British Resumed Until 1912
After Pixies return the British trad
ers resumed control of the Indian trade
In this territory, and nothing further
was done towards asserting Amer
lean authority until 1872 In 1916 law
was passed by congress forbiddine
foreigners to trade with the Indians
The report Of Lieut.. Pike, and the
manifest advantages presented by a
site at the confluence of the two riy-
ers forming the only convenient high
ways Of travel through the land. in
duced the government to decide that a
military post should be established AT
the Mendoza. or. meeting of the
waters. The war delayed action. But
the presence on our northern border
ct the Red riSer colony. planted by
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-03
a suburb OF st.
q Paul. Fort Smelling, the noted
II military post just across the

ESSENTIALLY a suburb OF st.
IL Paul, Fort Smelling, the noted
II military post just across the
Mississippi from the southwest
err limits of the city, merits distinc-.
ton for its Importance in the present
and the past.
The improvements recently COM
pleted, with those in progress and In
prospect, will make Fort Smelling one
of the largest and best appointed posts
on American soil. It's strategic posi-
ton is admirable for defense against
domestic Or foreign foes. For salubrity
and charm of climate and surround
1ngs, for the picturesqueness Of its Sit
uatlon, 1t is not surpassed by any post
in the United States. And when, with
in a year or more the garrison is in
creased to include all three arms OF
the service, Fort Smelling will have
gained at last an official recognition
long withheld.
Historically Fort Smelling is the
cradle of Minnesota civilization, the
Rome of Northwestern empire. Here
was made the first permanent settle
ment Of the whites: here began, for
Minnesota, the military and the civil
law; religion, education, industry, fixed
commerce and the reinements of So
cial life. Here were entertained all dis
tinguished visitors during many years:
when they had seen Fort Smelling. and
Its environs they had seen the North
west. Because he could not live here
and sell whisky to the Indians. old
Pierre Parrant, one-eyed French
Canadian, moved down to the eastern
edge of the reservation and founded
st. Paul. And because he did live here
Franklin Steele. sutIer at the fort, was
enabled to Move suddenly to the Falls
or st. Anthony one winter night. plant
potatoes in the frozen ground. take
possession of the water power as part
of his homestead and thus found Min
neapoIis.
The site of Fort Smelling. like al.
Minnesota west of the Mississipnt. has
been ruled In its time by Savage. nv
king and by emperor, has formed part
OF the Spanish kingdom. Of the French
kingdom and of the French empire.
but, unlike Eastern Minnesota and St
Paul. was never freed from thralIdon,
to British monarch. For ST. Paul
washington suffered and Bunker hill
was stormed. But the crossing of the
Delaware, the surrender at Yorktown
presented no more than a fine, foreign
interest to such good Spaniards as
many have dwelt at Minneapolis ano
Fort Smelling.
Sold by Napoleon
Previously French, the great land OF
louisiana, then at the present end oil
the Seventh street electric line, was
ceded to Spain in 1853 was ceded back
to France In 1903, and, as all visitors
to the pike have learned. was sold to
the United States 1oi years ago the
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-07-03
Sold by Napoleon

Previously French, the great land of
louisiana, then at the present end Of
the Seventh street electric line. was
coded to Spain in 1853 was ceded back
to France In 1903, and, as all visitors
to the pike have learned. was sold to
the United States 10i years ago the
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-09-06
EERTll VALLEY

OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
While it is true Oklahoma, Indian
Territory aad Texas invite the Home
seeker and others in search CT prot
liable investment and business COM
potency, there is another field along
the Frisco System quite recently
opened to those interested in a per-
sonal betterment of financial re
sources.
On June l, the line of railroad here
tofore known as the St. Louis, Mem
phis & Southeastern (now Frisco Sys-
tenn, was extended to st. Louis, thus
making a territory in Missouri and
Arkansas, along the west bank OF the
Mississippi River, accessible by way
of st. Louis.
The present service consists OF pas
senger train leaving Union Station
7:10 a. m. daily, for Cape Girardeau,
Luxora, charlottesville and interme-
diate points to Memphis, also the
Cape Girardeau accommodate
daily, leaving Union Station 1920
p. m.
Some years since, perhaps a quar-
ter of century, this section was
avoided by reason of want of develop
ment or progressiveness; now, how
ever, it is considered equal, as the
nomeseeker and investor may meas
ure, to Oklahoma, Indian Territory
or Texas. The change in condition
throughout was accomplished by
large governmental expenditure, a
progressive people and extended rail
road facilities promoted and main
rained by the Frisco System, operat-
ing rs it does, nearly 700 miles OF
railway in the immediate Mississippi
Valley. less than 300 miles distant
from St. Louis.
The soil is exceedingly fertile,
crops invariably abundant. timber in
|terests extensive and resourceful.
Those desiring additional particu-
lars will receive immedla.e response.
Address Passenger Department,
FRISCO SYSTEM, ST. LOUIS, MO.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-09-06
ROUND TRIP TICKETS
Will Be Sold by
TIE SOUTHERN RAILWAY.

Richmond, Va, and return, account
True Reformers. Rate S22.95. Sell
September 1, 5, 6 and I. Good re-
turning to September -.
Chattanooga, Tenn, and return, &C
count meeting Fire Engineers. Rate
$A.55. Sell September II and II
Good to September 20. Deposit Of
ticket and 50 cents fee secures extern
sion to September 80.
Baltimore Md, and return. ac-
count Fraternal Order of Eagles. Rate
$25.45. Sell September 8, 10, II, II,
Sood to leave Baltimore until Septem-
Der 49, Deposit of ticket and 81 fee
secures extension of limit to leave
Baltimore until September 25.
These rates open to all purchasers.
Through trains and sleepers. Dining
car service Further particulars and
On application to
{. 4. DeSAUSSURE,
D.P.A.
L. NJ. DeSAJSSURE,
c. P. & T. A.
Memphis, Tenn.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-09-06

round trip. Also will commence sale
of tickets Pine Bluff, Ark. to Raven.
den Springs, Ark, and return at rate
of $7.75 for the round trip, June l to
September 30 1904. Call on agent
Iron Mountain, Valley depot for fur
ther information.
Round trip tourist tickets will be
sold to Denver, Colorado Springs. Pu.
eblo, Glenwood Springs Colorado, to
Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah,
June / to September so, 1904, one
fare and third and one fare plus
81. Season tickets one fare and th1r
with final limit of October 81, 1904.
Sixty day tickets one fare plus 81 for
the round trip
ST. Louis, Iron Mountain & South
ern Ry. Co. will sell round trip tour
ist excprsion tickets tc Denver Cor
e2rado Springs, Pueblo, Glenwood
Springs, Colorado, Ogden and Salt
Lake City, Utah, daily June l to Sep
tember 80, 1904, at rate CT one fare
plus 81, limited to return within
sixty days, but in no case later than
October 81, 1904. Season tickets
may be routed one way via st. Louis
at rate constructed by the use Of one
half of the season ticket operate to
st. Louis (account Louisiana Pur-
chase expasition). plus $3.50 when
destination is Denver, Colorado
Springs CIR Pueblo.
T. H. Howe. Agent.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-09-06
COTTON BELT TIME CARD.


Effective 1901 a. IN. July 31st, thc
schedule Of the st. Louis Southwest
ern train will be as follows:
Mort, Bound.
20. . leave Pine Bluff at...1:25 p III
30. leave Pine Bluff at .1:00a. m
No. e leave Pine Bluff at. .10:22 p. M
40. 20 leave Pine Bluff at. $50 p. M
40. ~ leave Pine Bluff at. .2:30 p. IN
South Bound.
No. / leave Pine Bluff at....2:4 Is p. m.
no. 3 leave fine Bluff at....1 10 a. M
No. ) leave rtne Bluff at. 5 As a. M
No 81 arrives at. .10:35 a. m.
No. IS arrives at. ..l00:10 a. IN.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-09-06
COTTON BELT ROUTE.

Annual meeting National Baptist
Convention (colored) Austin, Texas,
Sept. IA to 90, 1904 For the above
occasion the following round trip
rates and arrangements are authoriz-
ed to Austin, Texas: Rate. one fare
plus two dollars $4,000 for the round
trip. Dates of sale, Sept. II and II,
1904. Return limit, Sept. 80, 1904.
and for continuous passage in both d.
rections.
s. M. Dickey, Agent.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-09-06

NEW SLEEPING CAR SERVICE
VIA IRON MO- :GlN ROUTE
Commencing August 6th, the Iron
Mountain Route will establish through
daily sleeping car service between
New Orleans and st. Louis. via. Val
ley Route and r. ?. on the following
schedule:
Northbound.
Leave New Orleans 6:335 p. m.
Leave Pine Bluff 4:45 p. m.
Arrive st. Louis 1885 a. NJ.
Southbound.
Leave st. Louis S:20 p. m.
Arrive Pine Bluff 1880 a. m.
Arrive New Orleans 3:55 a. m.
For: reservations apply to local
agent.
H. C. TOWNSEND, G. p. & T. A..
st. Lous. Mo.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-09-06
L. NJ. DeSAJSSURE,
c. P. & T. A.
Memphis, Tenn.

International Association Fire En-
eineers, Chattanooga, Tenn, Sept. 13-
1G-04. Account meeting international
Association of Fire Engineers at Chat
tanooea. Tenn, Sept. 1916 the South
ern Railway will sell tickets from all
points on its line at the very low rate
of one fare plus twenty five cents for
the round trip, minimum rate fifty
cents Tickets Will be sold Sept. IL
II with final limit Sept. 90, 1904.
Original purchasers of tickets may
secure an extension Of limit until Sep
tember 80. 1904. upon the payment Of
fifty cents deposit Fee. provided de-
post is made not later than Sept. 90,
and not earlier than Sept H. Write
any agent of the Southern Railway for
ftll particulars.
c. 4. BENSCOTTER
Assistant General Passenger Agent