davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Black Sea Squadron
Made ineffective by
the Treaties Which
Close heDardanelles


European side. called the "Key to
Constantinople;;" Ak-bashi Liman, the
ancient port of Sestos; Abydos, just
opposite the scene Of Lenders swim
ming, and, later, Of Lord Byron's. Be-
low this lies Chanak-Kalessi, some
times called Dardanelles.
Rugged Beauty of the Dardanel1es.
AS the Dardanelles, the Sea Of Mar
mora and the Bosphurus are all with
in the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish
Government has always contended
that no foreign warship should be al
lowed at any time to pass through.
Owing to the same international jeal-
ousies which have prolonged the life
of the Sick Man Of Europe, the Porte
has been able to have it's position
strengthened by treaties and by q con-
venion Of the European powers. The
various treaties. ETC., referring to the
closing of the straits to foreign ships
of war may be summarized as follows:
1900, January 5.-Treaty. Great
Britain and Turkey. Dardanelles and
Bosphorus closed to ships Of war of
foreign states when the Porte is at
peace.
Decentralization. Turkey. Bos-
phorus closed to merchant ships of
powers not having treaties.
1926, October Treaty. Russia and
Turkey. Trade to be opened to all
friendly powers.
1900 Sontopohor IA T>.oatx, p,,cci,
and Turkey. Black Sea and straits
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
opened to merchant vessels of Russia,

opened to merchant vessels of Russia,
and to those Of all powers at peace
with the Porte.
1910, July 15-Convention. Great
Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia and
Turkey. Dardanelles and Bosphorus
closed to foreign ships of war when
the Porte is at peace.
1841, May 3-Convention. Great
Britain, Austria, France, Prussia,
Russia and Turkey. Dardanelles and
Bosphorus closed to foreign ships of
war when the Porte is at peace. Fir.
min for light vessels of war for service
Of missions.
1914, Dec. 24-Regulation. Turkey.
Protection Of Dardanelles and Bos-
phorus as to passage Of sailing vessels
and steamers through the straits be-
tween sunset and sunrise
1856, March 3O-General treaty.
Great Britain, Austria, France. Prus-
STA, Russia, Sardinia and Turkey. Linn
itation Of Russian and Turkish naval
forces; non-esta blishment Of military
maritime arsenals.
1871, March 13-Treaty, Great Brit
ain, Austria, France, Prussia, Italy,
Russia and Turkey. Abrogation of
treaty Of March 80, 1856, respecting
continuation Of forces and establish
ment Of arsenals.
Russia's Obligation Largely Moral.
While these documents distinctly
shut in the Russian Black Sea fleet, it
has been held that the obligation OF
Russia to live up to the treaties is
largely moral. On the other hand, the
United States has never recognized the
right of the Turk to close the Sea of
Marmora or the Black Sea to fighting
ships, and in 1893 hint that Admiral
Sampson and the fleet that had swept
Ceryera's squadron from the seas
would knock at the gates and seek re-
dress for the Armenian outrages had a
good effect upon the Porte. It has been
held that Russia, believing destiny will
| make her mistress Of Turkey sooner OF
later, Is secretly glad of the acts
which have closed the entrance to the
Black Sea. If the great White Bear
ever does get control, it can easily be
imagined how such treaties would be
cherished and insisted upon.
The hopes Of Russia, in this direc-
ton, If they do exist, must be Of the
slightest. England desires the Oar
danelles closed because it would com.
pei very considerable increase of her
Mediterranean squadron, for she here
as in other parts Of the world, finds II
essential to her national existence to
be mistress. Some years ago a certain
United States Senator predicted that
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29

Is, on the whole, heavily armored, and
carries batteries Of effective SIZE The
destroyers are Of the most modern
type, and from the frst-class torpedo
boats a strong hotilla could be formed.
It Is almost impossible to entirely
divorce any consideration Of the Rus
sian Black Sea feet and the history Of
the Dardanelles, for the fleet has been
organized and built especially to meet
the conditions. Originally it was con-
ceived with the idea of commanding
the shores Of that immense inland
sea, and to be able, If the necessity
should arise, to assist any operation
against Turkey.
A Vast Inland Sea.
The Black Sea Is very large body
of inland water. Some idea of it's size
may best be given by calling to mind
that its area is about that Of the Mid.
IDLE States and Mississippi combined
In figures it may be expressed as 1885,
I'll square miles. Its only outlet is
.Marmora and the DardaneIIes into the
Aegean Sea, an arm Of the Mediter-
ranean. The Bosphorus and the OAR
sdanelles are two narrow straits, and,
consequently, easily fortified, although
1T may be asserted that the Turkish
forts are not Gibraltars, by any means
At its greatest width the Bosphorus
as not over two and quarter miles,
and it's tortuous course Is nineteen
miles long. The Dardanelies Is a wind
ing body of water, forty-fve miles
long, and averaging two miles In
width. The latter is at one point only
500 yards wide, and here, on the
Asiatic side, are the fortresses Of
rChanak-Kale and Kum-KaH, and on
the European side Sed-il-Bahr and
Kalid-Bahr. The latter Is generally
spoken Of as 1.-THE Key Of the Sea-" or
"The Castle Of Europe" All four forts
have some modern ordnance, the
Asiatic being commanded by eco
krupp cannon, yet there remain some
ancient brass cannon Of immense sizs
which are capable of hurting stoneshot
of from 20 to 20 inches in diameter,
which are not nearly so terrible as
their appearance would suggest.
The forty-five miles Of the Dartlan-
.elles, whose shores, although not such
a panorama Of beauty as those Of the
Bosphorus, are still full of fine p1ctur-
"esqueness, are bordered by rugged
mountains, rising one behind the other,
brown and barren on the European
side, and by low, wooded hills on the
Asiatc. Important towns dot the way.
Among them, at the entrance to the
Sea of Marmora, are Gallipoli, on the
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
RUSSIA'S
HELPLESS FLEET
ULLY one-third of the Russian
- navy Is imprisoned by treaty in
the Rack Sea Excantinp for

- ULLY one-third Of the Russian
- navy Is imprisoned by treaty in
the Black Sea. Excepting for
n four destroyers which were built
on the Baltic, and were permitted by
the Porte to steam to Sebastopol after
their armament had been removed, and
the merchant vessels which are In the
auxiliary and volunteer fleets, none Of
the ships has ever passed through the
Dardanelles. The entire Black Sea
feet, including all classes of ships,
numbers 159 vessels, and includes 8
battIeships 8 cruisers, II gun vessels,
9 auxiliary cruisers, 16 volunteer
steamships, 10 destroyers, 90 first-class
and SO second-class torpedo boats. The
tonnage represented by the vessels Is
considerably more than than half Of
to the numerous treaties and conven-
tons which have closed the Darda-
nelles to all foreign fighting ships, the
Black Sea fleet remains inert
Since the time when 1t became evil
dent that hostilities in the far East
were inevita BILE several diplomatic at
tempts to have this powerful feet re-
LEASED from its Imprisonment were re-
ported to have been made by Russia.
Some Of the fleet, it must be admitted,
would be unable to make the long voy-
age to the far East, and perhaps would
be Of little effect If they did. On the
other hand, the formidable battleship
squadron, while not Of the latest type,
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Household Hints.

Carpet beetles can be kept in check
by free use Of gasoline. It leaves
no stain; do not use it in a room with
fire, nor enter for twelve hours with
a lighted lamp or strike match.
Soup will be as good the second day
If heated to boiling point. 1t should
never be left in saucepan, but turned
into dish and put aside to COOL Do
not cover the soup up, as that may
cause it to turn sour.
To keep paraffln lamps from smell
ing, as they sometimes will do even
when perfectly clean, put tablespoon
full Of salt into the oil.
Finger marks on vanished furni-
ture are removed by rubbing them
with a piece Of rag dipped in sweet
oil. Afterward polish with a dry
cloth.
An ever-ready glue pot is a most
useful piece Of property. It is easily
prepared by putting naphtha in a
wide-mouthed bottle and dissolving
shellac in it.
It will be found a good plan to keep
peas, beans, rice, barley, coffee, and,
in fact, all "dry groceries in glass
jars. BY this means moments
glance will acquaint the housewife
with the necessity for replenishing her
stores.
The housekeeper who cannot have
a uncovered kitchen table will find
several squares of hardwood an inch
in thickness and about five inches
across great convenience for setting
hot dishes on. The wood should be
sand-papered and each block have a
screw eye with which It is hung under
the ledge Of the table.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
SUMMER SCHOOL OPENED.
Sessions Begin at the University of Wis
Observation-Disclosures Large.

Madison, Wis, June 27.-The summer
session of the University of Wisconsin
opened today. The programme for the
week is as follows:
Tuesday--Introductory lecture in physics
by Prof Snow; German Literature in the
Nineteenth Century" by Prof. Faust.
Wednesday, p. M, introductory lecture,
public Health by Prof. Frost; lecture,
s.The Youth and Early Writings of Schil-
ler," by F. w. Meisnest; informal reception
to the faculty and students.
Thursday-3-6 p. ~, reception In the "stu-
dio, :" 5 p. M, reading by Prof. Pyre, senior
lecture room.
Friday-12:4O p. M, excursion to the
Dells; informal gathering in Chadbourne
hall.
In addition to the public lectures
visitors will be permitted to all the
physical culture classes in the gym
nasium.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Chocolate Bread Pudding.

Put into bowl two cupfuls Of stale
bread crumbs and pour over them one
quart Of scalded milk. While it is
cooling put two squares of chocolate
in a saucepan and melt it over hot
water. When the bread and milk are
cool mix with them two-thirds of
cupful Of sugar, two eggs slightly
beaten, the chocolate, one saltspoonful
Of salt and one teaspoonful Of vanilla.
Bake in a buttered tin an hour in 4
moderately hot oven. It is to be eaten
cold with cream
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Sniced Rhubarh.

Wash the rhubarb and cut into inch
bits. Weigh and to two and a half
pounds Of it add cup of vinegar, two
each Of ground cinnamon and cloves.
Boil all together steadily for half an
hour, then turn into jelly glasses.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Chicken Salad.

With two cups of cold roast or boiled
chicken cut into dice mix a pint Of
crisp celery cut into half-inch lengths.
Season with salt and pepper and moist
en- with dressing. Turn into chilled
bowl, cover with the dressing and gar
nish with slices Of kard-boiled egg and
bits OF celery tops.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
GOT THROUGH PICKETS.
Slayer of Sheriff Harris Is Reported t;
Have Escaped His Pur-
S1IerS

La Crosse, Wis, June 27.-[Special.l J.
It is reported here that the slayer OF
Sheriff Harris of st. Croix county es.
capped through the picket lines in the
darkness and was seen in the field near
Holmen. A detachment Of militia is re,
copnoitering near that place.
1t Is impossible to get confirmation OF
denial here of the report that he had shot
a woman and boy pear North Bend. II
is stated that near Trempealeau he com.
PEELED a woman to give him her outer
clothing, and in this disguise he went
through town unframed. DR.. T. r.
Weston's bloodhounds will be sent UP
this afternoon to join those from Supe
rior, which reached Mcmillan this noon
Bloodhounds on the Trail
Superior, Wis, June 27.-[Special. j
Bloodhounds belonging to the Superior
and Duluth police departments left this
city last night to trail the murderer OF
Sheriff Harris, who was shot and killed
at Fall Creek, Wis, on Saturday, June
a few miles out on the Green Bay road
which runs out of Mcmillan, Wis. Over
100 armed men are guarding his retreat
awaiting the arrival Of the dogs.
The murderer for whom search is be
ing made is supposed to be one James
Smith of Oregon, whom Sheriff Harris
attempted to arrest on suspicion of hav.
ing killed a man in that state.
Capture Is Expected.
New Richmond, Wis, June 27.-TSpe-
cial. Interest has been keyed up to the
highest pitch of excitement over the
chase after the murderer of Sheriff Har-
ris by the news that he is surrounded
in Trempealeau county. District attor-
ney II. H. Dean has secured from the
chief of police of Duluth, Mimi, trained
bloodhounds, that were this morning put
upon the chase. Smiths capture is now
confidently lookeg for within the next
twenty-four hours.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Plotted Corn.

Corn is so difficult to keep when
canned that advise my correspondent
to use the following recipe in its prep
aration: Put the ears of corn in boil
ing water and after the boil begins
cook for ten minutes. Take from the
water and cut all the kernels from the
cobs. Put layer of the corn in the
bottom of jar and cover thickly with
layer of salt. Put in another stratum
Of corn, then more salt until the jar Is
full-having the top layer Of salt. Pour
over all melted lard and when this is
cool cover closely with paraffin paper
fitted over the top of the jar. Keep
in a cool place. When you wish to use
soak in cold water for ten hours before
boiling in fresh water.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
State Normal Regents Officers.

Madison, Wis, June 27.-The state
board of normal school regents held the
annual election of officers. as follows:
President, +. II. Lord, River Falls; vice
president, H. p. Beach, Whitewater; secre-
tary. Mai. S. S. lockwood. Madison
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Wheat Yield of Russia

The average yield Of wheat in Rms
STA Is less than half that of the Unit
ed States.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29

Occasionally a man declines a nomi-
nation for otf1ce-if there is no chance
for his election.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Blanc Mango.

Three ounces Of isinglass, one pint Of
milk, one teaspoonful Of almond flavor
ing, IA cupfuls of cream, one-quarter
pound Of Jordan almonds, one-half cup
full of sugar, two tablespoonfuls Of
noyea. Cover the isinglass with the
then heat in a double boiler until thor
oughly dissolved. Add the almonds,
blanched and chopped very fine, and
the sugar; take from the fire and add
the cream. Strain; add the noyea. turn
at once into mould and stand aside to
harden. Serve with plain or whipped
cream.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Salad Dressing Without Oil.

Beat three eggs very light and whip
into them cup of vinegar, table
spoonful Of sugar, two saltspoonfuls Of
salt, dash of paprika and a small
teaspoonful Of French mustard Beat
hard, turn into a saucepan, stir stead
ily until the boil begins, then add tea
spoonful Of butter. Heat until this
melts, then take from the fire and beat
for five minutes. When cool, set in the
Ice. This may also be used On cold
meats and fish
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29
Snow Fritters.

Beat one egg very light and add
gradually a cup or half pint of milk;
into another bowl sift cup and half
Of -four; one-fourth of a teaspOOnful Of
flour, stirring thoroughly to prevent
Jumps Then add large, tart apple
which has been peeled, cut in quarters
and chopped in small pieces. Last Of
all, fold in large cupful Of light, dry
snow, which has freshly fallen. Drop
The batter in small spoonfuls into ket-
tie Of boiling hot fat, after rolling each
spoonful into little -four. Cook until
brown, or for several minutes. Serve
Immediately with powdered sugar.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1904-06-29

Frank Fechter, third baseman on the
Roscoe Pa.) baseball team, and William
Smith. middle fielder, have signed with
the Washington team.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1904-12-28

Editor Leader. There is no aub-
ject, unlqss it be statehood which can
cs,me ,ef5re the legislature Of So much
interest TO an ,he people as The subject
of good roads No one portisn OF the
territory can have a greater irteres.
in the question than any other portion
and therefore it Is the one subject
upon which politics. locality, temper
ance, rclieion, school land lessees.
county seat reiaovers ana all classes
can unite and work to one common
end take this opportunity. as have
through your columns before. ~
ieiterate that the present system Of
opening and keeping the county roads
in repair is the worst api most worth
less ever emplos ed and at the same
time the most costly and burdensoine
to the people who use them. Ycur pee
lie who icside In Guthrie Cand ] take
il that the same may be said of every
other tpwn and city In the territory
have little conception Of The condition
OF the rcaGs cenlesiae in Guthrie tve
and six miles away from the town.
Those roa.is arou1C the city are pass.
ably COED. aud one who only gees a
mile or two into The country, and
usually then upon one Of the man
~ ne bio cs entering The city, re-
turns impressed With the notion thar
The roads are fairly Ia good condition
for hauling farm proeucts 10 market.
Int lei him continue his drive a re
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1904-12-28
GROWING UP

There's something the mat
ter with the child that fails
to grow up. A child that
grows up too much, however,
without proper filling out q
aesh, is almost as badly off.
Nothing will help these pale,
thin weedy" children like
Scott's Emulsion. 1t supplies
the rounding out Of flesh and
the rich inward nourishment
of blood and vital organs
which insures rapid growth a
healthy and uniform develop
ment
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1904-12-28
wFnNEsDAY. DECEMBER s is0l


Mr.. BA<fER'S HhNBFlI fOO ~.
II il paile evident thai Oklahoma's
superintendent Of instruction is usins
his rabbits foot again Whether actu-
aied by purely publio.spirited motives
or merely desirc to hlli his job Is
dinicuit so determinS but one thing
Is certain. Mr. laxter is not alowing
any gross TO luxurialc under his feet
IN other words he has just concluded
his biennial proeram & working the
territorial teachers association Per
haps. the governor approves of The idea
IL mixing his administration with
school teach, rs politics and text book
Legislation but the people do not nnd
Ihe people VIII he fuly apprised Of any
unteward stunts present OF prospective
relative to the educauunai interests
cs Oklahoma Nr. Baxter may be
fearful Of reappoinimont and ccnhrma-
tion. hut he shout pot seek to throw
. scare into coming events Teachers
endorsements worked M by book com
panies are poor material to place be
fore keen sud discerning territorial
governor. We have noihiug rarticu
larly against MIR. Baxter hut his code
Is off.color
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1904-12-28


country from one Of these maiA rca is
TO the other. and he viii come tack n
quite a different state OF mind-l re
peat here and Stand 2yoa.v 10 tack q
mp with the peoufs. that We can never
have a eo,ent TOAD system nnder local
authority. where one may work ni
road tax out on The roads II has
teen tried in every state and territory
IN the Bn'ey. and whenever he wei
season is on II has proven disgusting
failure
The LEGISLATURE at its araroaching
session ought TO make trial expert
ment by an appropriation Of rot les
than two hunired and ffty thousand
dollars TO be apportimed ana spen.
amone the several counties upon some
equitable hnsis and only to be expend
ed under the siipercisicn Of coq.pe
tent commissica II engineers 70 be ap
pointed by the te~ricrv Wl-n this
is done Won vii have good roads AMI
not before You win have gccd roads
al the yeaI round, and not. as now.
had roads in the iry seas and no
roads at all IN tho wet seaccn.
The territory is amniy able to do
th's and heaIdes. such on aplropria.
ton is far cheaper to the taxpayers
Than The present worthless aad i'm.
rrovident expenditures with no sort Of
adequate returns in improved roads
It would be an interesting and in.
structive tem in this connection If
some one would 5itii ami publish fro5,7
The records of all ne counties the ex-
act amour. Of road tnx collected in
cash and worked out 10y the citizens in
each county annually m The territory
viii wagnr plinl pudding tha. IL
woull he a. eye-Jpeuer to the tax
payers who pav It
MANY ef the states have abandoned
the uld systems and discarded ioca
control aul placed the authority in the
hands Of state engineers. and others
are preparing to do the ssn,a thing
when their legislatures meet this wir-
Ter New York. New Jersey and Con
necticdi have already taken the lead
Connecticut and New Jersey, both Of
which are far less able than Olaahoma.
have Appropriated large sume, the
former si57 $3.50 for two years, and
the lstter s4Cc. .0ooea to be expended
~ one year wlrie New York leads
with sz.)G5, 10000 and the last legisla.
ture autho'ize the bonding Of tie
state for geeos1oe 90 10 push on the
good road work.
In adc!ticn to this. millions upon
by othcr states win be dis
feature this winter of their
legislatures Illinois win step to the
front in ihe good work this winter
with a ha,f milien possibly full
million Shah CklahomA the Gem oil
the Great Southwest. With ali her mag
nifcent possibilities her fair brow
elittering glowing aid scintillating
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1904-12-28

with Natures richest 3 IT'S aud only
waiting for the plastic touch Of genius
aud enterprise To- make her The queen
Ia the Falaiy Of commonwealth whose
Dpptials are soon 10 be celebrated
find IN her legislature soon to be con-
vened the wisdom an1 statesnlansbip
demanded y TIE h9ur7 We have se-
fore ms the experience Of the c'e states
upon this question Shall we continue
10 follow their blunders2 They tel us
that they have blundered and why
shall not OkiahCma rrost by their
mistakes? J. c. Jandsor
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1904-12-28
nunlan.ElIisnr Meddlnn.

Miss Fem Dunlap, cne Of Logan
countys teachers. was married to Mr..
Edgar Eilison. a pros porous young
farmer, at the hcne OF the brides
Parents. Nj. and Mrs. w r. Dunlap,
December 25+h by Rev J. W. Henry.
After the ceremony the guests were in.
,ited to an elegant dinner.
Many beautiful presents were given.
'Ehs newly married people expect to
sbend their honeymoon in northern
Oklahoma Those present were: Mr..
and Mrs W r. Dunlap Mir and Mrs.
J. r. Ellison. Rev J W Henry and
wife; Messrs. William Iold Charlie
Riley Perry IIugnes. Ross wingard.
Coral Dunlap Frank Hale Vern Haws
Frank HUshes. frank Walker. Misses
Viola Henry. Vera Ellison. Lizzie Nil.
Ter, Edna Brown Bertha Rurnette
Cora Bishop Jennie Cramer. Vera
Dunlap ane Mrs J. II. lSugh. All join
IN wishing the young couple much joy.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1904-12-28

State Of Ohio. CITY OF Toledo. Lucas
County IS.
Frank J. Cheney makes oath that he
is senior partner OF the firm Of F. j.
Cheney e. Co, doing business in the
City Of Toledo. County and state
aforesaid. and that said firm will pay
the sum Of ONE HUNDRED DOL
LARS FOR each and every case Of Ca
tarrh that cannot be cured by the use
Of Halls Catarrh Cure
FRANK ]. CHENEY
Sworn 70 before me and subscribed
in my presence this 9Th day Of DE.
cember, A D.. 1885,
A. w. GLEASON
(seal) Notary Public.
Halls Catarrh Cure IS taken inter
nally ami acts directly On the blood
and mucous surfaces Of the system.
senu for testimonials free.
f j. CHENEY & CO, Toledo, O.
Sold ny all Druggists. f5c
Take Hall's Family Pills for consti.
patton.