The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1904-11-14


tie has by the application OF water at heavy expenditure
OF and enterprise been converted into productive
sugar-cane land
The rainfall Hawaiian Islands very local and
euar u rs distribution The 6o~ on me oe 81
200 inches year quite the intensity varying
with the altitude local CONGREGATIONS while the lee
sides the rain often as light from 10 TO l. inches Inc
islands rule quite rugged IN altitude at their
sides which remains
throughout year On the northeast slope Of Maui the
often as great as 400 inches year Nahku, while
at level and higher the mountains is only third
of this quantity
USES OF WATER
Water used for irrigating the the annual
averages so ton or onealf Of this
the development of irrigated plantations during the last
plantations very output owing
to rhe precarious rain conditions prevailing
ANCIENT WATER RIGHTS
The population of Hawaii dense in prehistoric
times remains of old houses and fields bear
ing testimony Nearly all the led by
bitches called AuNals and the water used IoF growing
the national food and other vegetables The bitches
excavated surface earth and maintained by joint
repair The distributed between IFS
by rules stated tines each district with its
branch ditch getting SO many hours how OF the stream
The land thus cultivated always in the vicinity Of the
stream long ancient conds built and styled
aro. land in kula dry land which carried
n rights
their rights through land which the gradual
growth and of plantation have tend
MODERN IRRIGATION
present supply of Islands derived from
al By pumping ground or artesian waters from
sumps the shore The pumps driven
water power.
% By gravit, from the natural flowing the i'm
ground by funneing.
gineer experience extraordinary produetIyenes
of the island sheds which destroys
many preeoneeived theories what runo should be-
The shed on wit
yields daily minimum how of 170o0oo0 gallons while
eight square
miles Yields minimum flow Of 40s000,e00 and flow
Of 70eoooo gallons in fWentour hours Each Of these
particularly fayoraby situated for re
itaon with brnshoyered steep slopes and with almost daily
rainfall
Nearly all the Hawaiian streams respond quickly to
rainfall rising and falling quite rapidly while those With
streams almost constantly above certain minimum
OAHU ARTISAN SUPPLY
The artesan supply of the island the pc
sueh i area the Island beng only about twelve niles
wide south, By miles long, with
daily wells sumps 800 millions Of gallons
any apparent dmnuon Of the supply the Of
which Is in porous strata found az depth Of from 100 to 500
level The level Of the water the
penetrating this formation varies from elevation of
the level Honolulu , feet Eva
plantation miles westerly. pumping pro-
longed droughts somewhat this level which is always
quickly cessation of affecting conditions.
The all Of porous straraed lava formation
which form tbs SUBMITS Of tie islands
The water supply in the artsan strata near the sea
between wells proven BY sudden
discoloration heavy
The condition Of the
eused by tight coral and clay cushion which
and the escaping
islands, owing the absence Of this
found the pumps being fed
sumps from fFe eight feet below level
Iofw fucTuaTes from
responding with tidal changes which in this
feet between Iow and high The
depth which safe lower the static leFel
wells pumping has been tested each plantation
81 salt gallon BY
and consequent lowering of the level fobid
IRENE practice respect. Oahu
twenty grains Ct salt gallon II normal
Gton with salt SO grains per gallon
viii successfully irrigate The pumping stations
are usually fed of spaced feet
apart by larger with the suction o
low level practicable mil
ion gallons pumped spaced
a,a for