davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1904-08-07
FATIGUE AND SLEEP.

| Is sthere physical basis for sleep9 Surely,
II Is interesting. even II not OF great prac-
| tical Importance, to study q condition OF
mind and body that prevails during one
third Of the period OF human existence.
The purely physical conditions during sleep
! are simple enough: The muscular system
] Is relaxed; voluntary movements are rev
or absent; general sensation and the special
senses are In allegiance; and the processes
Of so-called vegetative hfe-such as secre-
ton, digestion, general nutrition,-with
circulation and the unconscious reflex
acts Of respiration, are the only vital opera
tions that continue. So far as mental
processes are concerned, there may be a
dreamless sleep during which there Is no
appreciation Of existence and tho con-
soiousness OF the ego is extinguished.
Dreams occurring during natural sleep
can hardly be called abnormal; but stupor
produced by injury, drugs, disordered
mental conditions, such as epilepsy, with
their attendant mental phenomena. has
little in common with sleep, except as re-
CARDS insensibility, and may be left out Of
the question here.
Tho desire for sleep that follows the ordi-
nary period OF wax kefulness with mental and
agent, produced probably in the brain and
circulating in the blood. although 1t may
possibly have It's origin In other parts,
as the muscles. II the blood Of dog
fatigued nearly to the point Of exhaustion
Is injected into the vessels Of an animal
that has been ut rest, the second animal i'm
mediately gives evidence Of fatigue. Phys
iologists, however, know so little OF this
substance that they have not even given 1t
. name.
All Psychologists are agreed that during
sleep the quantity Of blood circulating
through the brain Is greatly diminished,
and this Is due to construction Of the vessels
Of supply.
After repose-and presumably during
tho normal daily period Of activity, when
there Is no desire for sleep-the lrain-cells
have q certain size, configuration and
structure that may be called normal. Fol-
lowing severe and prolonged exercise or
repeated stimulation of nerves. these cells
are shrunken, and their borders become
irregular. The nuclei especially are
greatly reduced in size, sometimes as much
as SO per cent. But after a number Of hours
Of repose the cells and nuclei will have
returned to their original condition. In
addition, fatigued cells show cavities emp
tied OF nerve substance, that do not exist
In resting cells.
An idea Of these changes may be obtained
from Figures 1 and 2, although no attempt
has been made to represent the exact form
OF the cells, the figures being simply dia-
grammatic. The cells hero are rounded
ganglionio cells:
The sun., 1904-08-07
SENATOR ELKINs TALKS.
Says west Virginia IL a. Much a High Pro-
teotion State ~ Pennsylvania.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 8.-Senator Stephen
B. Elkins OF West Virginia has broken his
silence about political conditions In his
State and the candidacy OF his father-n- Jaw,
Henry q. Davis. for Vice-President on the
Democratic ticket.
1Mr. Davis's nomination for the Vice
Presidency is high honor" he said, -but
they would have done better If they had
put him ahead Of Parker. At the same
time, whatever his personal following
may be, our State and county nominees
will be on his back the moment he tries
to get Republican votes.
1T is we'll to remember" continued Mr.
Elkins, shat West Virginia is high pro-
teotion State We are Just as much high
protection as they are In Penn sy ylval.ia
or Ohio. We have the same kird OF noun
tains as they have in Pennsylvania, with
lumber and coal and oil Now, you know
the st. Louis platform declares that pro
lection Is robbery. That will not take well
Democratic candidates are standing on
that plank. ! don't see how a majority
OF the voters in West Virginia can be made
to swallow any such declaration
The sun., 1904-08-07


bodies. down Into fne granules.
Assuming that the changes have indi-
Gated actually occur, a fairly reasonable
theory OF fatigue and sleep may be for
mulated thus:
As a result of wakefulness with mental
and physical work the active tissues-espe-
cially nerve-centres, nerves and muscles
produce something that oirculates in the
blood and gives a sense Of fatigue and drow-
siness. While the system Is in this condi-
ton the nerve-cells are irregular In form
and shrunken, the nuclei are even more
shrunken and deformed. and some parts
Of the cell substance have disappeared
leaving empty cavities. The stored up ner-
vous energy contained In the chromophie
bodies has become impaired by use, and
these bodies are more or less disintegrated
This is fatigue; and under favorable con-
ditions sleep follows.
The immediate cause OF sleep is dimin-
ished circulation Of blood in the brain.
During natural sleep the nerve-cells are
gradually restored to their normal condi-
tion, as we'll as the nuclei, and Nissl's gran
ules resume their normal appearance,
storing upnew energy. By these processes
the cells return to q condition suitable for
renewed activity
The bearing Of these theories on dreams
and disordered mental conditions, espe-
cially the insomnia OF insanity must be
important; but discussion Of these ques-
uons would be far beyond the scope OF this
article. AUSTIN FLINT.
The sun., 1904-08-07
Poetry and Prose in Men, Cats and
Cows.

What is the difference between poetry
and prose? Our own modest provisional
theory, to which we profess no unchange-
able attachment, is that usually there is
mighty little difference save that most
poetry is moro prosaic than prose. AS
a rule, in short, poetry is prose cut up
In assorted hunks and duly "szed,"
like shoes and hats. Prof. FRED NEW
TON SCOTT of the University of Michigan,
a distinguished writer upon aesthetics,
rhetoric, composition and grammar,
h"s reprinted from the publications of
the Modern Language Association of
America his theory of THE Most Funda-
mental Differentia of Poetry and Prose.
This is the most fundamental differentia:
Poetry Is communication in language for ex.
pression's sake: prose Is expression In language
for communications sake" -
This is a neat and epigrammatio for
mula, but is it helpful? In blank verse
SHAKESPEARE communicates for the
purpose Of expressing himself: in prose
passages he expresses himself for the
sake of communicating. This scarcely
carries us great way. What is the fun
damental differentia between Col. WAT
TERsoN and Col. JAMES BYRON ELMoRE,
both essentially poets, although one
habitually employs prose, the other
verse? Each has the communicative
ardor. Each must express himself. Each
cannot suppress himself.
Prof. ScoTT says that @it ought to be
possible to give any piece Of poetry a
prosaic cast simply by throwing the
emphasis upon the communicative
phrase, and on the other hand to give
any piece Of prose a poetic cast simply
by throwing the emphasis upon express
sion.' Let US see how this recipe works.
Take that haunting line:
But O, what difference In the morning
This is the expression Of pain, Of re-
morse, Of physical suffering and mental
anguish. Tho deadly contrast between
the dithyranbio exaltation Of tho night
The sun., 1904-08-07
Davis and . Parker - A Forgot on
Episode,

A Parker and Davis ticket, or rather
Davis and Parker ticket, is not entirely
new in Presidential contest in the United
States. On Washington's Birthday, Feb.
%, 1872, a convention made up Of Labor
Reformers,' so-called, the labor reform
ers being political malcontents whose
relation to labor was academic, and
whose relations to politics was positive
and actual, met at Columbus, Ohio, and
nominated for President DAVID Dkrs
Of Illinois, personal friend and polit al
follower Of ABRAHAM LINCOLN, and, for
Vice-President, JOEL PARKER, one Of
the sturdiest jersey Democrats. Judge
PARKER had been elected Governor Of
New Jersey in the year preceding Judge
DAVIS was Justice of the Supreme
Court Of the United States by appoint
ment of President LINCOLN in 1852.
This combination-a Republican and
Democrat, two Judges, a representa-
tive OF Republican dissent and Of re-
vived Democratic expectancy, an Hi
nois jurist and New Jersey executive
seemed to fulfil all political and geo.
graphical requirements and conditions.
Yet one immense obstacle to the success
of the Columbus ticket barred the way
even to its serious consideration. Judge
DAVIS was a conservative man, a con-
servative among conservatives. Judge
PARKER was conservative constitu-
tional Democrat Of the old Jersey school.
Neither had anything in common with
those voters who would be attracted
to Labor Reform party. The candi-
dates were committed by record and
convictions as well as by the position
which each held, to conserve those things
which the professional labor reformers
would like to destroy.
The candidates did not match the
party; the party (or what was hoped
would be the party did not respond to
the candidates nominated. So the
Davis and Parker ticket Of 1872 failed
for lack of popular support; and when
in May, 1872, at Cincinnati, Judge DAVIS
received scant support in the Liberal
Republican convention which nomi-
mated GREELEY, and Judge PARKER was
ignored entirely, the Labor Reform
party fell by the political wayside, to be
recalled to memory only by the veritable
Parker and Davis ticket nominated at
st. Louis thirty-two years later.
The sun., 1904-08-07
THE SOCIAL MONSTROSITY.
From . vice.President OF the Woman's
Christian Temperance Union,


To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir: AS the chief
representative In New York city OF a State organl.
Zaton Of 5000 wor1en. deem It my duty 70 say
q few words In reply to the letter in days Sun
from the gentleman who got UP the saloon
When your reporter Inquired OF me the OF her day
what are you W. G. T. U. ladies going to do about
this dedication by Bishop Pottcr'" replied Il
do not know that shall take any special action
In the matter we are doing all the time In regard
10 the saloon business generally. and II Is our edu.
cation and agitation that have changed public
opinion to q great degree regarding IT. But
when I see such misstatements regarding our
work as are In that letter. must say few words
First. as to our silence on intoxicating patent
medicines and drugs" We can hardly be said to
be silent on any subject upon which twenty eight
organizers and innumerable lecturers arc daily
speaking In different parts of the United States,
while 10000 members are disseminating millions
OF pages OF literature In which warnings on this
very subject form an important part. We have
carried on positive and systematic warfare against
alcoholic medicines and intoxicating drugs for the
past twelve years. and the change In sentiment
regarding them Is due largely to our efforts.
As 10 the attitude OF tho W. G. T. U. toward the
army cantecn. 1t Is that of every mother who feels
that danger menaces her child Men OF the army
tell us we never did better work for America than
In disposing Of the canteen, and an organization
which has been as effective las even our enemies
encourage US to beleve) Is going to continue 10
work till every drop OF alcoholic drink, whether
sold In q tavern" with soft drinks" or any where
else shall be placed under the ban Of law In Chris.
tlan America. and that which works woe, ""sor-
row." "contentions," "habbllngs" and wounds
without cause shall be condemned utterly by every
thoughtful woman, gentleman" and Bishop" In
the land who dares TO prCy Thy Kingdom come"
Our "hxedness OF purpose Is due to the teaching
Of the Golden Rule" Our work is no "e1pen.
ment"; It is based on solid principles and not only
must" but will succeed" CORA e. SEBERRr,
Vice President New York State ". C. T. L.
BROOKLYN, Aug. s.
The sun., 1904-08-07

According to Chicago despatch to the
Press, notice has been served upon Mayor
HARRISON -by labor interests aniliated
with the City Hall that CROWN CLKvxLANp
must not be brought to Chicago, IL the
labor vote 10 to be held In line for the Demo-
cratic county ticket"
The objection to Mr.. CLEVELAND 10 that
be enforced the laws and smashed anarchy
In Chicago In 1894. He has been on the
black list OF the labor lords ever since.
We don't know whether the despatch
recites facts or not, but this b certain: The
Democratic party cannot gain that con-
servative support without which 1t must
be defeated, II 1t Is to dicker with and ooddle
and truckle to the opponents OF free labor.
To bid against or outbid Mr.. RoosEvxLr
for that mostly mythical or elusive guam
tity, the labor vote" Is to drive away the
conservatives.
II the Democratic party Is to be but the
pale and Intellectual imitator Of its rival,
people will prefer the genuine article.
The sun., 1904-08-07
TIE sULTANs wars.
An Old Friend Of HIS necommends the
Bombardment OF Yildix kiosk.


To THE EDITOR OF THE Sus--Sir: II Ii sin
cerely to be desired that II. as your Washing
ton correspondent says In to-day's SUN.
steps are to be taken to bring what is Dy
courtesy called the Turkish Government 70
book there will be q complete settlement OF
the questions in dispute. There ID only one
argument that is thoroughly understood py
Turks Of the kind who dominate In the coun-
s4ls Of the Sultan and by Abdul Hamid IL.
hinself--that is, force. The only question 10
where to apply ir.
To his other qualities the Sultan adds that
Of the practical Joker. and II he found dem
onstrstton was about to be made at tne Dar'
danellss he u quite capable Of inviting the
Admiral commanding the squadron. with
some Of his ships, UP to Constantinopie' ask
ing him and his principal officers to the palace
to partake Of loukoum. coffee ana oiseIe'.es
delicately inQuiring after the health Of pieei-
dent Roosevelt and his fdmiiia. and then.
turning to the American Minister. ehusiveiy
expressing the hope that the Admiral ana MS
officers may find their way back salely to
whence they came. In few SECONDS pfiva'o
audience that~might be accorded the Minis
ter, Admiral and Dragoman. tho Padishan
would promise to meet all the demands OF
this Government as soon as they had been
passed on by his council Of ministers' ana 80
ten years from now things woulo pe iouno
about In the same position.
A bombardment of Yildiz Kiosk. whicn
could be carried out without hurting the rest
Of Constantinople. would be the most efhoa-
cious method Of dealing with the matter. The
main difl,oulty would be the getting through
the Dardanelles. with its tortuous channel.
swift current. and moro or less formid-
able batteries. Straight shooting. however.
should dispose Of these last without mucn
difioulty, and Turkish torpedo boats are nov
dangerous to an enemy.
Falling action in that direction. there are
always Smyrna and Salonica, the latter espe-
cially where pressure can be brought TO
bear at Constantinople with very good eject.
BY forcibly demonstrating at salonioa the
solution Of the Macedonian question might be
materially hastened. PERA
NEW YoRK, Aug. ..
The sun., 1904-08-07
IN. Resoundins Pavement Of Lower Bre.av.,

The Besoundtng Pavement OF Lower Broadway
To TIE EprroR OF TIE Sux-sr: Ny company
occupies suite Of ofnces the sixth noor OF tall
building lower Broadway.
The street being paved with granite blocks, She
heavy trucking over II makes . constant roar and
rumble which make Il impossible for two persons
understand each other. In conversation. vithou,
shouting The nuisance contin ued throur urhout that
part Of the year In which one naturally desires
windows TO be wide open causes great interference
with business.
The upper part Of broadway has been paved
with asphalt thus eliminating aimost entirely the
noise 70 which We and al downtown merohsn,s
on Broadway object. II seems 70 Us that THU
change should be made o. once.
NEW YoRx. Aus. O ". oGo.
The sun., 1904-08-07
Roman Catholic Priests and the Saloon.

To THE EDITOR OF THE Suk--Str' object 10
the passage In the otherwise admirable letter OF
the New Jersey Methodist minister. the Rev, Mt
Sawn. In to-day's sun. wherein he says that the
open saloon Is a step toward establishing Bac'
chanalian worship and covering It's diaboism with
the sacerdotsl robe OF the priesthood ofthe Church
Of Jesus Christ"
fall TO see the Endorsement or approval OF this
new drinking club by any priest Of the only Church
] hold. established by Jesus Christ on esrth. tho
Catholic Church. As . rule, the priests Of that
Church know TOO well the ruin brought - families
BY saloons 10 give them encoursSsnsaA
NEW Yo1x. Aug. 4 xoo@N
The sun., 1904-08-07

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-,sfr: Why denounce
Bishop Potter for acting In strict accordance with
his moral and political belief In dedlcating rum
shopt He openly avows his antlpathy to Prohlhl
ton.
In national elections. when our Government
takes Of the wishes OF the citizens concern
ing the questions at ISSUE Bishop Potter's ballot
Invariably petitions for the saloon licensed CON
tlnusnce. OF course. there are many who maintain
that such political action Is not in harmony with
Christian ethics but Bishop Potter evidently THINKS
S(herwiSc Having voted for a licensed beer "a 10
loon and obtained II. he Is perfectly consistent In
carrying out his moral and political convictions to
their logical sequence by defending and even "dcdi
eating" II. Since there Is perfect moral equation
between the voter. bis ballot and the result OF his
ballot, II Is quite evident that Bishop Potter de-
serves commentator for his consistency.
whatsoever . man soweth. that shall he also
reap W. W. b.
MOUNT VERNON, Aug. 3.
The sun., 1904-08-07
Not . Samson Victory.

FTUW LDWu0H ITUH.
The Yale and Harvard university athlete no
longer wears long hair parted down the middle.
Relieved Of this artistic burden. he easily beats
tho men Of Cambridge and Oxtord. heartily
congratulate the men OF Yale and Harvard on their
victory In the sports ~ the oueen's Club. There
vas no element Of luck about n. They thorouehiy
deserved their win. Just - much ~ the Oxford
and Cambridge mea deserved defeat.
The sun., 1904-08-07
The Revelations OF an Album.

"A F'ehoh "'Ss' ,.-i--i. :
albums discovered ono Oh .ae lu.ot VIC W.
kind with its questions ana plahks, III whlon
Edward VII. ana queen AieAanora hsuIo ou
to advantage In the good OLD DAYS when uhey
were Prince and Princess OF wales. here
are the interesting questions. with the precious
answers of the Prince and Princess In their
ovn handwriting.
-v, ,,,xox
-. ..x,
o-Whom among al hlnss 10 sou p''i'''
A'-ine King ol 'he oc'e.ens'
o-Mha' your IsVoII.e ooe
A'-ine cui.Naton o' my nnu.
o'-where 90 you nso ,ss~ nIs. 70 iosoe'
An 'ne oano~cn ie4nus
-Nho' ne'o uo 'ou nio'' s1'
A'-Nelson.
o'-Ano your poo''
A'-nyron'
S-ioui paih'ef'
A'-hapnAei.
k.-Macaulay.
O.-Your favorite dishf
A.--Trunes dc Perisord.
o.-Your nower'
A,-The rose
o-Ine name you preierr
o.-your ambition,
ATo v,n oIory Ar n, LAS, IN mart H.
THE rh1Sckss.
eou, n,us.s psicr c."r =. an I,,,
oyonr ou..n,
A.-oueen Drara.
o-Your hero,
A.-Marlboroueh.
o.-Your poet,
The sun., 1904-08-07
To q Candidate.

HI. there, Henry Gassawayt
Rumor claims you're owing old:
Old for work and old for play,
Old for once, anyway:
Is there naught you care TO say.
Now that you We been toldf
Tell you, Henry Gassaway.
What we'd do. II we were YOU:
Swim. that Is, and twice . day,
Hudson style or Oyster Bay:
Dive, tread water. that's the way
Other youngsters do.
Can't you prove you're youthful stillf
Prove Il In . way 10 shame
Those who count your forces niif
Can't you charge up some steep hilif
Can't you mountain hons killf
Can't you play some camel
A1rHul II. FoLwnES.
The sun., 1904-08-07

To TEE EDITOR OF THE SUN-sfr: The fanstich
outbreak against the action OF the Bishop OF New
York for giving his approval TO the subway Tavern
might be ieSsencd were the theological instlgstors
and others to familiarEe themselves with the words
of John II, say. 9Th TO iith verses. J. X. HAND.
BRooKLYN, Aug. 8.
The sun., 1904-08-07
18th. SIMS" Course Approved.

To TINE EDITOR OF THE SuN--.Sfr: May God bleu
The SUN for coming out In plain English against
the Endorsement OF the liquor saloon by Bishop
Potter In dedicating a rumshopi
BosToN. Aug. 5. isaac FARRAR, NJ. D..
The sun., 1904-08-07
A New Name Suggested.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-,Sfr: | don't thnl
Subway Tavern" is at all appropriate for such
beautiful saloon, and ! suggest the sign OF IN
Blessed Bottle" as more In keeping with the sacred
ness OF the place. GRoo
NEW YORK. Aug. s.
The sun., 1904-08-07

To TIE EpIroR OF The SuN--Sfr; The temper
ance workers have been trying to ind cure for
the drink evil The remedy. a. now discovered
by the religious rumshop, Is TO flt up COM Portable
place and give men and women more rum
II would be interesting to follow the peculiar
process OF reasoning which arrived at such re-
suit NJ. JEffERsoS'
cr.-v, .,xr A.
The sun., 1904-08-07

II It the only "Decent saloon IN new fork?
To THE EDITOR OF THE SuY-Sfr: Are there no
decent saloons In New York! Was Bishop pottcrs
apostolic benedic,ion necessary! Do Others In
sist on selling impure goods' Do not many Of
them have nne paintings and artistic decorations
that. as far as quality goes would do for the boudor
OF the finest lady In the land. Do they not. many
OF them, furnish FREQ lunches to their patrons'
DO all the other saloons allow minors TO lolter
around and Intoxicated persons to be servcd' Are
there not respectable places ia New York not con-
ncctcd with grogshops where decent women can
get soda,
This saloon We are told, win seil only pure beer
and the best alcoholic liquors served from tho
original package. Is this extraordinary In New
York, Pure whiskey OF the best quality Is always
OF a very high proof Of alcohol. The higher the
proof. the stronger the stun. and therefore bars
often. II not usually dilute their whskey. VIII
the religious rumsbop deal out only undluted
liquor to poor mortals accustomed to drink liquors
OF which two thirds Is waterf J. H. b.
NoKwICH. Aug. s.
The sun., 1904-08-07
A Dsust without JustiAcA, ,,os.

TO THs EpfruR OF THE SuN-.SY. was very
much interested in your editorial OF Aug L. entitled
Has He Succeededf- and also In the letter upon
whaoht was founded. must confess, however. that
am much In doubt whether "Uncertains- letter
was received from . genuine correspondent. II
II was II "a certainly remarkable letter TO come
from Government clerk on q sslary OF $780,
Unless am much mistaken the letter and the
editorial are both the products Of the same brain.
NEW York, aug. 8. Doupr
The sun., 1904-08-07

Readers Of TIE Sun leaving tho city can have tho
Daily and Sunday editions allied 70 their addresses
(which may be changed when necessary for 70
cents month. Order through your newsdealer
or TIE Sun. ITO Nassau street.
The sun., 1904-08-07

The letter referred to was unauestionably
genuine. The Government clerk who wrote
it gave his nanne and address. Among the
voluntary correspondents Of TIE Sun are
many men and women who write remark
able" letters.
The sun., 1904-08-07
1As Marriage In Cana Cited as Justification
Of the Rumshop.

MOUNT VERNON. Aug. 3.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1904-02-26
Tendency of the Times.

The tendency of medical science is
toward preventive meaures. The
best thought of the world is being
given to the subject. 1t is easier
and better to prevent than to cure.
1t has been fully demonstrated that
pneumonia, one Of the most danger
Gus diseases thai medical men have
to contend with, can be prevented by
the use OF Chamberlain's Cough
Remedy. Pneumonia always result
from a cold or from an attack Of in
fiuenza grip, and it has been OBJ
served that this remedy c~ounteracts
any tendency of these diseases
toward pneuomnia. This has been
fully proven in many thousands OF
cases in which this remedy has been
used during the great prevalence Of
colds and grip in recent years, and
can be relied upon with implicit con-
fidence. Pneumonia often results
from a slight cold when no danger
is apprehended until 1T is suddenly
discovered that there is fever and
difficulty in breathing and pains in
the chest, and then it is announced
that the patient has pneumonia. Be
on the safe side and take Chamber
lains' Cough Remedy as soon as the
cold is contracted. 1t always cures.
For sale by all druggists.