davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dickinson press., 1904-08-27
N. 7. ZIMMERMAN,
Saddles, Harness, Bits,
SPURS,
lap Robes and Fly Nets.

n Won want a saddle or harness made from
.1mber one oak tanned 'eathcr and by skilled
,chsnics, call and get my prices.
aetory harness also carried In stock.
Mallorders promptly attended'o.
The Dickinson press., 1904-08-27

SANDS OF women during q
third of a century speak
louder than mere claims
not backed by a guarantee
of some kind. That 10
the reason why the pro.
\ nrietors 0f nr piorooJa
The Jewish outlook., 1904-11-11

1t is not conceivable that ii people who
has had an Independent existence for
many centuries can have such existence
without Il system OF Jurisprudence, and
hence we find already in the Pentateuch
a code of laws for the Jewish people
crude, and in some particulars barbarc
to be sure. yet in advance of the laws OF
other peoples of that day. In the course
of time these laws being insufficient,
others were evolved to meet the eXi gen
cies of the times, based largely, but not
wholly, upon the Jurisprudence found in
the Pentateuch. For centuries these
laws existed merely in tradition, but ul-
timately they were incorporated IN the
Talmud. not, however, in the form of Il
systematic code, but scattered through
the body of the work. We find there
both civil and criminal laws with meth
ods Of procedure.
1t cannot be said that Talmudic law is
not subject to criticism and that it is as
enlightened in all it's parts as the laws OF
the present day, for it had it's origin in
the llSageS and customs OF a semi -barbar
GUS age but we will find as we proceed
with it's study that the rulings and deci
sions Of the rabbis were as enlightened
as those of the judges and law-givers OF
Rome and England Indeed, think, we
will come to the conclusion that notwth
standing the rise and growth of the j,lr-
isprudence Of the Talmud was centuries
prior to that of the common law: the for
mer is the more humane and guards the
rights of the individual with greater
care. And yet during the thousand years
following the close of the Talmud, the
world branded the rabbinic system of
laws as barbarous and inhuman, while at
the same time the English courts did not
suffer a prisoner accused of a capital
The Jewish outlook., 1904-11-11

ture of mans handiwork, and by con-
sequence is beset with mans imperfec
tiuns and infirmities the virtues and the
vices, habits and customs, fads and fan
cies the good and the bad all colOred by
the spirit and temper of the age. | do
not think that anything more severe can
be said of the laws developed in the Tai
mud.
1t will be impossible for me in the linn
its of this paper to develop both the civil
and criminal Talmudic Jurisprudence.
Indeed, l will be compelled for this rea-
son to devote this article almost eXclu-
sively to the rules and usages by which,
according to the Rabbis, the trial and
execution of the criminal are to be con-
Quoted and omit the general laws and
statutes.
BY the law of England not only all
persons who had received the tOnsure but
''Orphans and widows, the stranger and
the poor, the pilgrim and the leper, un
der the appellation of persons in dis
tresS (miserabiles persOnae) came within
the peculiar cognizance and protection
of the church; nor could they be sued
before any lay tribunal. And the whole
body of Crusaders, or such as merely
took the vow of engaging in the crusade,
enjoyed the same clerical privileges
Hallam, chapter Wiz but by Talmu
die law the Israelite, the Levite and the
priest, the free born and the slave, were
alike subject to the laws. The priest
even while engaged in the performance
of his sacredotal office is subject to the
civil law, and must be removed hence to
suffer the penalty of his crime.
Under Talmudic law there were three
classes Of courts: The Court of Three,
the Lesser Sanhedrion and the Greater
Sanhedrion. The jurisdiction Of the
Court of Three was confined to civil mat
ters and to such criminal actions as in
volved fines or fagellation only. The
Lesser Sanhedrion consisted of twenty
three members and it's jurisdiction ex-
tended over capital as well as civil mat
ters The Greater Sanhedrion consisted
The Jewish outlook., 1904-11-11

crime to eXculpate himself by the help OF
witnesses a Blackstone, 359) and Black
stone states that in his time "amOng the
variety of actions which men are daily
liable to commit, no less than 100 were
held. by act Of Parliament, to be felOnies
without the benefit of clergy which
means instant death. This was written
only hundred years ago. And in the
federal statutes of our own country
there are enumerated sixty-two offences
for which the prescribed punishment is
death. But among the ancient Hebrews
aside from various religious transgres-
sions, which were considered capital
crimes, the entire number Of Otfenses
punishable by death amounted to only
thirty-siX. AS a further proof OF the
greater humanity of the Talmudic law it
may be stated that the lex talOnis, the
eye for eye doctrine of the Bible, al
though i'm force in Rome and in England
to a very late period was early abolished
by Rabbinc law, which substituted pc
cuniary recompense. a Blackstone,
2O6) And even this Communication the
Talmudists did not authorize individ-
uals to determine for themselves, and
thus prevented every man from becom
ing at once client. judge and avenger in
his own cause.
In an address delivered before the Hi
mos State Bar Association, Mr.. James c.
Courtney. on the ''Absurdities Of the
Common Law says that the common
law is weighted with llnwise principles
and provisions; that it is not the embodi
ment of wisdom neither is it the perfec
ton of reasoning. In the very nature of
things it could not be So. 1t had its or
ign in the usages and customs of a semi
barbarous age and the stream cannot
rise higher than it's source. 1t is a crea-
The Jewish outlook., 1904-11-11
JURISPRUDENCE OF THE TALnUD

Written for The Jewish Outlook by NJ Summerfeld.
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16

from one to another at the table. af-
ter the fashion of the modern loving
cup.
The household environment of
those early Boston martyrs who had
come 5000 miles into the savage will
dernesS, to escape persecution, was
as rude and as simple as their bill OF
fare.
Household furniture there was
practically none. save a table of rough
boards Or planks. ard enough tree
legged stools to accommodate the
members OF the family. There We're
~rableclOths of very coarse linen. but
neither table knives nor forks. the
fingers and spoons of either wood or
iron meeting ali the requirements o!
the then prevailing table etiquette:
china was unknown. and as tea and
coffee had never been heard of, the
cream pitcher and the suga: bowl
We're not needed. Trenchers. use or
plates Or rlatterS. were made by
ScOOping out d hollow in a piece of
plank, about 10 or II inches square.
For sixty or seventy years. if not
longer. the religious phase of Thanks
giving differed in no appreciable way
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16
Farm Had to Sprint

over in a second and the little girl
probably killed. SO he held on with
a death grip. kept the wagon in the
road and a as a man lever ran be-
fore. .
The heavy wagon. with its ton and
a half of rock for a load. crashed and
reared behind him. and gathering
speed with every second. flew like an
express train down the incline. bound
ing Y the: inequalities Of the road
and fiercely striking fire from the
stones.
Ditweiler al till his legs fairly fiut-
tered beneath him. A man who was
crossing the street with a -wheelbar-
row gave one frightened glance at the
coming avalanche. dropped his bar
row and ran. Ditweiler jumped the
obstruction. which was: crushed to
pieces beneath the. wheels Of the
wagon. .
The hill is 500 feet long. and: after
the bottom was reached. the wagon
ran 500 feet further before its speed
was slackened and Ditweiler. by dig
ging the tongue into the earth. could
bring it to a stop. .
The plucky farmer was gasping for
breath and dripping with pe~rspiratiOn
when his trial was Over. but the little
girl was laughing sleefully at, the
splendid ride she had enjoyed.
Not a single egg was brOken.-St.
Paul Pioneer Press.
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16

Herman Ditweiler performed q hero
risk of his life. He was coming to
town with a heavy load of rock when
he overlook a little girl carrying q
basket of eggs to market. and invited
her to ride the rest Of the way with
him.
When he reached the top of the
tong. steep hill leading down into town.
he locked one Of the wagon wheels
in order to make the descent safely.
but had only gone a very few feet
when n of the horses stepped on a
rolling stone and was taken suddenly
very lame.
L. He got off the load, unhitched the
team and requested another farmer
who was just behind him to put in his
team and take the load down the. hill.
The other farmer was about to com
ply and Mr.. Dwitweiler had lifted mp
the tongue Of the wagon to prepare
for. hitching in the other team. when
the lock chain suddenly broke and
the loaded wagon started down the
hill. with the little girl still riding in
the seat.
Ditweiler braced back on the
tongue, but was unable to stop the
wagon. which. gathering Roadway
every moment. was soon flying down
the steep hill like a runaway engine.
= Ditweiler knew that if he dropped
the tongue the wagon would be tipped
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16

Tom Gray is a very clever man.
remarked one of his friends. HE
has managed to effect by diplomacy
what most of us have tried and gen.
orally. failed to bring about by self
assertion. i. e.. a satisfactory freedom
of marital action while remaining on
perfectly affectiOnare terms with his
wife.
The first year of his marriage he
and his Mand were a typical pair OF
turtle doves. and were w happy
out Of each others sight. Then the
man, as is generally the case, with
out loving his dear Maud any the less.
began to be interested in outside
things. She noticed this change. and.
wOmanlike. resented il. They had n
row after the other. Then Tom con-
s:.ered the situation and developed
.aichiav ellic alents. He did not re
lax his devotion to his Maud. On the
contrary he became more and more Of
an ardent lover. He gave her no
peace. He would come mp for after
moor tea when she would be in the
midst of a delightful gossip with her
especial. intimates and sit and look
at her fatuOusly. SO that her friends
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16
Real Wealth of Nations

distress would follow. AS a matter OF
fact. the assets Of the American CONT
nent are less than they were when
Columbus discovered il. Millions Of
mineral wealth that were then stored
away in the bowels Of the earth are
there nc longer; our soil has been
partially exhausted of its fertile prop
critics. and our hills and valleys have
been largely denuded of their forests.
Yet 5000. 600 people exist in cOmpar-
alive comfort where a few hundred
thousand Indians gained a precariOuS
living before. The industries OF wal
draw upon the surplus energies of a
people. and. by stimulating them to
larger effort, increase their power of
production. What would be the eff
feet upon the fortunes OF the indus
trial classes of the European states if
their armies were suddenly disbanded
and the millions now employed by the
state were to come into competition
with the labOring classes? 1t is the
industries created by the artificial
wants of a complex civilization that
produce what We call wealth. and not
the simplicity of living which the phil.
OsOphers of the Poor Richard type are
always eXtOlling and never practicing.
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16

1t is estimated. says the. Army and
Navy Journal. that Japan has put
forth 25 per cent Of her strength thus
far IN the contest with Russia. while
the drain o the resources of Russia
is less than ? per cent. This is only
a single factor. however. in the COM
pick problem Of military success.
which does not always respond % the
culciusiOns of the multiplication Ia
BILE. The pOliticO-econOmists and the
Observation-Disclosures may manipu-
late the figures as they please. the
fact cannOt be made to accord with
their theory that war is necessarily
e~xhausting to national strength. Pre-
cisely the contrary was shown in the
ase of our great a Material re-
sources may assume new forms of
distribution in time of war. but this
is not necessarily waste. 1t is the in.
dustries created by industry which
are the foundation of the business of
a community through which its indi-
vidual members procure their means
of living. If all those who have the
power of purchasing should cease for
a single year to buy to make good
their wastage, universal poverty and
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16

have been the bill of fare of the az
erage Boston family on that day, one
family. at least. must have enjoyed a
bOuntiful and variegated dinner, for
the country people. who poured into
Boston on the arrival of the ship. a
few days before Thanksgiving. over
whelmed the governor and his wife
with gifts of fat hogs. kids. poultry.
veEisOn and other kinds of game.
During the succeeding fifty years
there appear to have been Thanksgiv-
inSs averaging about once in two
years. and appointed to mark some
specific and remarkable event, as a
victory in the Indian vars. or a hap
py solution of some troublesome prob
lem. either religious or political. Dur
ing all those years. and for many at
terward. fast days We're even more
numerous than Thanksgivings. be-
cause the trials of the Puritans far
exceeded their blessings.
In some instances there were ser
iOus differences between the general
court. which then appointed Thanks
sivings, the magistrates and the min
isters-fOr the latter always advised
in the matter-aS to which was prop
err for the occasion. a Thanksgiving or
a fast. 1t is to be noted that the
custom of appointing a Thanksgiving
simply as an annual custom. and with
out regard to any specific or impOr-
49,. -a-, ,D. nln,A-t ,p1oDn-n
until well into the last century and
was never habitual till within the last
thirty years.
Indeed. the theory was advanced
more than 200 years ago that a too
frequent observance of Thanksgiving.
and for insufficient cause. tended to
make men TOO carnal-minded."
A printed proclamation of that
Thanksgiving. the earliest brOadside
of it's kind known to be in existence
now. is in the library of the Massa-
chusetts historical society. and a re-
duced facsimile is given with this ar
ticle.
. The general tone. of the cOmpO-
SitiOn reminds one of another thanks
giving, some years later. which was
observed only in Boston, for the pur
pose of thanking heaven for sparing
Boston. while CharlestOwn. across the
river. was threatened with depOpula-
ton by the yellow fever.
A Bos ION menu of this period. which
is in st. king contrast with the early
dinner of cOrned beef and mush.
enumerates roast beef, turkey pie.
boiled pork. fowls and tarts.
Plym, nth. which was not yet united
to the Massachusetts colony, had its
Thanksgiving that year Aug. II. five
days AFR the killing of King Philip
in. RHODE Island, and il 81 happened
that Major Church and his little band
of heroes arrived in Plymouth just at
the, close of the Thanksgiving fore
noon Sc vice. bringing the great
chiefs head. which was borne by the
majors Indian guide, who had him
self shot Philip.
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16

The increasing tendency toward the
employment of women in positions OF
trust by financial Institutions is thus
explained by the president OF one OF
the largest banks in the country: The
feeling is gaining ground that wom-
en- are now rendering satisfactory ser
vice as cashiers and tellers. handling
large sums daily without loss or error.
One of the most conspicuous traits
in the feminine. nature is fidelity TO
trust. Speculation. the chief pitfai4 o
defaulting employees. does not attract
women as it does men. Cards and
drink also drag down many a male
employe. and these. again, are more
particularly masculine vices. Some of
the largest banks in New York are
employing women in positions OF
heavy responsibility. Banking is an
occupation in which men no longer
have a MONOPOLY"
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16
She MANAGED Hubby

would n by One make an excuse fOI
q short stay.
He was so affectiOEate that it be
came rather tiresOme and m day
Maud requested quite sharply that he
wouldn't paw so much In the way
of cOmpaniOnship il is undeniable that
each sex prefers its OWL. and Maud
began to long for the comfortable
chat about subjects deal to her soul
with other women. but Tom gave her
no chance. Finally she talked 10 him
seriously about the duties they both
owed to society. Tom took il in very
good part. He recognized the neces
sity of sometimes speaking TO other
women and of keeping up his men
friends and he promised to take an
interest in other people.
Il should call them now a model
couple. They are fond of each other
but they are also fOnd of their friends
She attends her dinners ana bridge
parties and he goes unrestrictedly tC
his club. and the amusing part of il
all is that Maud thinks il is her clever
management that has brought ;his
eminently satisfactory state of affairs
abOut.-New York Tribune.
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16

Delivered at the unveiling of the Sol
diers'. Monument on the battlefield OF
Saratoga. Oct. Il, 1891.
The circlins hills are bathed in light.
4 thousand fields salute the MORN.
October decks with cGlOrS bright
The land where Liberty was born.
COIumbia.S songs again are heard
On SaratOga'S sacred field.
Once more each loyal heart is stirred
To trace with pride her stored shield.
For her" yOn flag first met the foe.
Baptized in blood of yeOmen true.
Tn. homestead hearth is all aglOw
With welcome for the Boys in Blue.
Who wrought new glory In its folds
Of victories won on sea and shore
What smiles and tears the century holds
EmbOsOmed in the flag they bore.
To catch with joy the morning sun.
One chorus joins them hand in hand
Heroes of Grant and Washington.
And wider yet the chorus leaps
Two famous hills the song unites.
As Mount McGregOr'S anthem sweeps
Across the plain to Bemis Heights.
Flag Of the Free. by right divine
OF Justice. equity and truth;
NJ, other message like to thine
No age bedims the glorious youth
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16
Honesty Of the Sexes

. As TO the question whether womep
are by nature more honest than mel
certain masculine critics aver that
women have gained h a reputation
only because they are subject To few
er temptations TO steal than are men
But is this the case? What Occupa
ton offers a more severe test OF hon
esty than domestic service 1t is i'm
possible for a mistress to lock up her
belongings from. her servants. ard op
p%ortunities for pilfering are nHmer
GUS. Yet stealing is comparatively
rare.
The majority of business men are
convinced of woman's fidelity in re
~sponsible positions and her ability tt
discharge important duties. Never
were there such opportunities for cap
able energetic women as at present
await them in the business world
Housekeper- &c
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16
TERRIBLE SUFFERING.
THIS YOUNG WOMAN APPEALED IN
VAIN FOR HELP.
Hope had Almost settled Into litter
Despair Relief Came from au
peeted source, e..

Peeted source.
Mrs. Emma Heidebreder. If No. I3s3
JOY street, Burlington, Iowa, whose hus.
band isan employee of the Rand Lurnbtr
Co, tells n story Of pitiable suffering:
"For about five years. she says,...I
had II host Of physical ills that kept me al,
invalid and puzzled the doctors. Some
Of them thought l was going into con-
sumption. At times l was 81 weak tina,
Icoufd not comb my hair or even wash
my face. Then excruciating PAINS ran
suddenly up my thigh and l had To- De
carried to bed screaming i'm my agony.
l could no lengpr do my work and the
drain upon my husbands purse WAS
very heavy. l craved food bat what 1
ate ouly gave me discomfort. My liver
was torpid. and often 1 had to be carried
to the door for air To save me from sui.
locating. =.
The worst was the PAIN which seemed
is If my thigh We're being pushed out u
my body. The best doctors could do was
10 deaden IL by narcotics. Once they
Thought l could not live for NOR. than.
two days. In one of my worst attacks,
a friend said Why don't YOU try DR..
Williams Pink Pills: They are slls
only thing that ever helped my r~leunia.
tiSIn.'
Il took his advice. After using o,i.
box / felt better, and / continued To use
the pills for three or four months with
steady Improvement unul / was well.
For four years have been able to do all
my household work, aud no longer have
10 take medicine for any serious trouble.
1 gave one box Of DIR. Williams Pink
Pills 10 q man on crUtches because Of
and advised my market
woman ia buy "A box when she Was cs.n-
planning of the same trouble. heard that
he Was soon able To throw his crutches
away, and she told me she had got ri.i Of
the rheumatism by the Use Of one box
and could not thank me too much. .
Testimony mUl:ipiies as to the mag
curative powers of DIR. Williams.
Pills for Pale People in cases IF =
rheumatism, neuralgia, nervous head .
ache, palpitation of the heart and all
forms of weakness in either male or
They are sold by all druggists
Throughout the world.
The Columbus journal., 1904-11-16

From the beginning, with but few
exceptions, Thanksgivings have been
kept in the late autumn, owing to the
harvest time, of course. and more fire.
Quently toward the end. of November.
No q knows how the custom of
appointing Thursday originated, but
some light is doubtless thrown on the
subject by a controversy over a pro-
pOsal to change the day of the week,
about 1880. when the ~dissenters ar
gued that Thursday was preferable.
because of the Thursday lectures, or
midweek religious services. that took
place every week. in communities of
considerable size, a joint observance
of the two days rendering it unneces-
sary. of course. for many to sacrifice
4 days labor, especially for Thanks
giving.
Although the pilgrims were. the first
to observe Thanksgiving on this con-
tinent. the Salem colonists. on their
voyage over here in 1929, observed
Thanksgiving on shipboard. in which
everybody. passengers. captain n
crew. took part. as an acknowledge
ment of a favorable breeze that had
followed a preceding day of fasting
and prayer.
Winthrop colony, in 1880. also OBJ
served a Thanksgiving. apparently en-
tirely without any inspiration from
the pilgrims, but in accordance. with
their former custom in England. the
motive in this case having been graf
itude for the safe arrival of their fleet
at Charlestown. where purely relis-
ious services were held beneath a
tree. for it was in hot weather, July s:
The Winthrop cOlony's second
Thanksgiving here. which is common
ly spoken of by historians as their
first. was about eight months later,
Feb. %. when having moved owe to
the peninsula of Shawmut and taken
up their abode in log houses. nuts.
novels and even holes in the side of
Beacon hill. their number sadly de-
pleted by diseases caused by purified
food. and even absolute starvation.
the arrival of their fellow tOwnsman,
Capt. william PIERCE. with a shiplOad
of provisions from Ireland. and. best
of all. good store of lemon juice" to
arrest tho ravages of the scurvy. fur
nished them with good cause for de-
vout thanksgiving and gastronomic
dissipation as we'll.
The colony probably comprised 200
or less. no church had yet been built,
and it is doubtful if there was any
public religious observance of the
day. Neither can the bill of fare of
any of the households have been
sumptuous. according to our ideas.
Judged by the record of the ships car
20, which shows that the best the
Boston cuisine could have then af:
forded vas cOrned beef or boiled salt
park. oatmeal or wheatmeal mush.
without milk or strip, and ships bis
cult with cheese.
Yet who shall say it was not deem
ed q rich feast. when We learn from
one who participated in it that a re-
past consisting of meal. water and a
little salt. boiled together. was so:
good that none could ask for a better
neal"
Digestion was facilitated by CO.
piOus drafts of ale. if il could be had.
from a single large pewter or wooden
tankard. which was passed around