Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1904-01-16
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. THE LIFE OF EGYPT
From It's First Settlement How It is Preserved by the
Present River Nile.
(COUNCIL OF SAFETY ITS YEARLY OVERFLOW
FERTILE VALLEY ANNUALLY EN-
EXECUTIVE. RIcHED
Height
State Was Without Of the of Disribu-
Head Irrigation
From It's First Settlement to
Present.
COUNCIL OF SAFETY
in REVOLUTIONARY TIMES TOOK
PLACE OF EXECUTIVE.
iThere Were Seven Occasions When tho
| - State Was Without
Head.


lowing historical sketch of Maryiand's gov
ernors Edwin Warfield. who was inau-
gurated governor of Maryland at Annapolis
today. is the nineteenth governor. elected by
the people. Prior to 1898. when the con-
stitution was amended. governors of the
state were chosen by the legislature. Since
that time there have been altogether twen-
ty-one governors Mr.. Warf1eld not includ-
ed two of whom-Messrs. Groome and
Floyd-were elected to fill vacancies. the
former to succeed William Pinkney Whyte,
who was elected United States senator. and
the latter to succeed Robert M McLane,
who appointed minister to France
Seven times Maryland was without an
executive head her affairs being at such
times administered by committee of some
sort. pre-eminent among winch STANDS the
council of safety, which guided the state
through 11I4 17T5 and 1II6, the budding
years of independence
List of Governors.
To be absolutely exact Governor-elect
Warfield's earliest predecessor to occupy
the distinguished Office which Governor
Smith has held for the last four years was
Thomas johnson. the first governor or the
state not chosen from outside and placed
over the people by proprietor or sovereign
.ne governor whom the peoples own repre-
sentatives, a legislature. had chosen, ana
whose inauguration took place March IL
lit. He is. therefore. the earliest proto-
guration was a worthy example for sue
ceeding years, as resolving that their nrSt
representative governor should be properly
inaugurated the people paused In the race
of British invasion to celebrate the day in
a fitting manner. The ceremony took place
in the state house at Annapolis. and three
volIeys were fired by soldiers and a salute
of thirteen rounds in honor OF the new con-
federacy. the festivities closing with an
elaborate ball.
During the reigns of William and Mary
thn
pointed by the crown, as Maryland was
then a royal colony. in 1892 to Ills pro-
prietor's rights being in allegiance.
First Proprietary Governor.
Leonard Calvert the first proprietary
governor was appointed by his elder BROTH
'er. Cecellus Calvert. and he came to Mary
land in 1854 settling at St Mary CITY
where the first assembly OF Maryland met
in February 90, 1885.
In 1645 Hill of Virginia was elected gov
ernor by part of the assembly, but he never
exercised the power of the position. Leon,
ard Calvert died in 1871 and was succeeded
by Thomas Greene. whom he had named as
his successor, but Lord Baltimore removed
Greene two years later and appointed VIII
liam Stone governor. Stone was Protest.
ant Lord Baltimore thinking by this to
quiet the agitation then being urged In Eng
land against his colony as nursery for
papacy In the new world.
Stone, however, was removed by COM
bination composed of William Claiborne and
the commissioners of plantations, and Ben
nett and Matthews were put in charge as
commissioners
Lord Baltimore again secured his pro-
prietary rights from Cromwell, but Stone
was defeated in open battle by colonists OPP
posed to him. and Cromwell again being
appealed to by Lord Baltimore, Josiah Fen
dali became governor in 1853.
He was removed for usurping his power
and Philip Calvert was made governor in
1861. He was succeeded by Charles Calvert.
tcotf ,fyy
governors, of which William Joseph was
president.
Sir Lionel copley's Regime.
When Sir Lionel Copley took charge in
1862, the Church of England was establish
ed by law IN the colony. Sir Edmund An
dros succeeded Governor Copley for one
year, and Francis Nicholson took charge,
summoning the assembly to meet at Annap-
oils He founded the free schools of the
state, the first of which was King William s
School at Annapolis Next came Nathaniel
Blackstone, 1699-1703, and intense religious
dissension: John Hart. Charles Calvert.
Samuel Ogle and Thomas Bladen were
among those who followed Blackstone.
Baltimore was laid out with sixty acres in
1f29, during Ogle's administration.
Governor Sharpe was the executive from
1853 to 1769. and it was he that suggested
the stamp tax that was afterward adopted
by Grenville and helped to cause the revolu-
ton. Robert Eden. 1860, brother-in-law of
tilc last was the last COLO
NAL governor. the close of his administra-
ton being coincident with the birth of in
dependence and the new republic.
Thomas johnson was elected twice,
which was as often as the constitution then
permitted. and Thomas Sim Lee then served
three terms. Governor Lees administration
Is notable for the ratification of the articles
of federation and other interesting reyolr-
tionary Incidents
During Governor Paca's terms, 1782-17s5.
Congress adjourned from Princeton to An
napols and here Washington resigned COM
i mand OF the army. December q. 1888. Gov.
William Smallwood. 17S5-17SS, was followed
by Gov. John Eager Howard. 17SS-1791, both
famous men. During the latter's term
Maryland ratified the Constitution of the
United States. Gov. George Platter was a
famous governor of this time 1t was dur
ing Gov Bowie's administration that the
office of the Federal Republican was burn
ed; Gov Winders election in 1912. 1913.
isl4' took place in the midst OF the conflict
between this country and the redcoats
Federalists Lose Control.
After the war of 1912 politics in Mary
land consisted very largely of the federaIist
agitations. The federalists at Annapolis
kept refusing to give Baltimore adequate
representation and more than once a pop
ular' minority in the state succeeded In get
ting control of the legislature because of
the unfair distribution of representatives.
In 1918 the federalists elected Charles
Ridgely OF Hampton governor and Charles
Goldsborough in 1918 and Samuel Spriggs
In 1919 these latter being the last successes
OF the federalist party. BY the election of
Samuel Stevens. jr, in 1922. the democrats
captured the assembly. and during this ad-
ministration the Chesapeake and Ohio canal
was started.
Under Gov. Joseph Kent the Baltimore
and Ohio railroad was started in 1927. the
first in this country. David Martin was
governor for one year QS2S) when the Jack
son wing of the democratic party then
rising to power elected Thomas King Car
roll of Somerset county.
The whlg party won in Maryland in 1890
electing Martin again. but he died during
his term and George Howard filled out his
time The national republicans In 1885
elected James Thomas for governor FOR
three years, and Thomas w. Veazey ran
for three years. 1S35-1s3S. The Van Buren,.
ties brought charges of corruption against
the wings, forcing the latter to form a new
constitution In 1897. giving the people right
TO elect the governor and the senator's, one
from each county.
First Popular Election.
The first use of the popular vote was the