Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-07-13

individuals being ylviparous females
Hence the rate of increase is enormous.
Among those which are produced In
the earlier part of the season, many
have wings, which enable them TO fly
to other trees, May and June appear
to be the season of spread later they
do not appear TO attack new trees.
There are numerous enemies OF the
apple aphis, which exercise marked
influence on It's abundance. In almost
every orchard where the aphs Is trou-
bcSome, there seems TO De "a period Of
relief about midsummer This is caused
by the Increase OF those predaceous
Insects which feed upon the aphls,
There are so many kinds Of these benz
ehcial Insects that 1t would not be
practicable to enumerate them in a
brief bulletin
After increasing and spreading In
the summer as described the aphis
produces % generation iu the fall OF
perfect males and females which are
small, yellowish insects, considerably
different from the individuals produced
during the summer. The females OF
this generation lay their eggs as de-
scrlbed above.
There Is a very marked difference
In susceptibility to aphts among diff
ferent trees, even Of the same variety.
An occasional tree will be affected year
after year. while surrounding trees
viii be exempt, More rarely one va
riety will be worse attacked than
others adjacent; but ! have not been
able to make any reliable lists OF re-
sistant varieties. The difference seems
10 be mainly quality Of individual
trees rather than Of varieties
THE damage To- the trees is caused
by loss Of sap which is sucked from
the leaves and tender shoots by the
aphis When they begin work on a
new leaf II speedily becomes rolled
up, as the insects are ON the under
side they are on the inside of the roll,
and well protected from sprays. There
is some difference among the different
known species OF apples aphis In the
extent to which they roll the leaves.
"Remedies--This naturally would
divide itself into two branches; rem-
edies 20 destroy the eggs In winter
and those TO destroy the active stages
Of the insect at other seasons--or prac-
tically in early summer"
Prof AldWCh first discusses the mat
ter Of destroying the eggs in winter.
This has been tried but without sue
cess Prof Aldrich saws, but It was de-
tcrmlnod to work somewhat along this
line. An orchard was found I'm which
We're a large number OF two and three
year-old trees ON which eggs We're
found. These were marked SO they
could be readily found at the proper
time Before the buds Were sWOucu lu
the spring the spraying was done \
number Of different mixtures were em-
ployed I'm the spraying operations.
Pure Kerosene, crude petroleum, kero-
sene emulsion, and various strengths
Of lime and sulphur we're used. The
oil mixtures were not satisfactory
some trees having been injured. The
formula which gave best results was
one pound Of lime, one pound Of sui
phur and four gallons of water. This
was prepared as follows.
First slake the lime in the cooking
vat. When slaked add the sulphur
and enough water so that the mixture
will stir easily. Keep il well stirred
until boiling begins. boil one hour
(Prof Alduch boiled the mixture two
hours and % halo. The mixture should
then be completely dissolved, except
for the impurities I'm the lime, and II
should be OF am amber color Then
add the requisite amount OF water or
sufficient TO make, with what was add
cd In the first place, four gallons.
Pour into spraying tank through
a strauer In applying this mixture
use rather a coarse nozzle ana con-
siderable pressure.
The sulphur and lime mixture did
not lnjure the foliage I'm the least and
the eggs did not hatch. except in "a
very few cases, and It Is thought these
were missed by the mixture when the
trees were sprayed
Prof Aldrlch Is somewhat doubtful
Of the practlcability Of the winter
spraying for orchard trees, II one can
go over the orchard carefully and find
the infected trees, and even the IN
factod twlgs. then this treatment
promises good results. But IN large
orchards this is almost out of the
question. The eggs are laid on COM
parutvely few trees, and on some OF
the twigs OF these trees and one win
hardly care to spray an entire orchard
TO catch these trees, Summer spraying
win doubtless be more practicable.
Kerosene emulsion Is prescribed as
a remedy. hut there have been some
experiments In Idaho which indicate
that the quassia ana whale oil soap
solution gives better results The
greatest care must be exercised. how
ever, I'm spraying for this insect and
the work must be very thorough, or
the lice will get inside the curled
leaves and win not be reached They
must be killed by the spray mixture
coming In contact with them and the
most thorough work Is necessary,
The quassia solution Is made as fol-
lows Take rs pounds OF Quassia
chips; put In barrel and pour 10 gall
Ions OF boiling water over them;
let stand over night, or at least half
q day. then pour Off the water heat
IL to boiling, and dissolve IN It Is
pounds OF whale oil soap Dilute this
In make $50 gallons OF water before
snroyinp, Western Fruit Grower.