davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17
courtIy Pomp in Washington.

From the st. Louis Post-Dispatch,
President Roosevelt is as fond of the
pomp and circumstance of war as a saw
age of the gorgeous feathers and paint
with which he decorates his person. 1t is
limited that the President is going to have
a guard of honor all his own shining
with brass buttons, red sashes, epaulettes.
swords and spurs-a perfect debauch of
the sensations. The idea is European. 1t
used to be said that I'VE didn't care for
abroad" but the hero of San Juan has
changed all that.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17
Patents Issued.

Washington Februay 16-(Special)-
Patents issued: Peter e. Draughon, Mo
bile, plane handle; George NJ Schwend,
birmingham, track sander for locomo-
tives: Edwin f. Taylor, New Decatur,
rotary engine; Edward B. Vaughn. Selma,
cotton picker; William M. Wilkin, Mo-
bile. press roll mechanism James Will
kinson, Birmingham. elastic fluid turbine
also two speed and reversing turbine.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17
Postmasters Appointed.

Washington. February 16.-Special)-
William II. Messenger has been appoint
ed postmaster at Long Dallas county.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17
RAILWAY SCHEDULES
e and Nashville Railroad.

Showing the arrival and departure of
passenger trains at the union station.
Birmingham:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17
Atlantic Coast Line.

Through Pullman sleeper BIrmingham
to Jacksonville via Montgomery.
J. A. Taylor. T. P. A., Montgomery. A.a-
w. Fl. Leahy, d. P. A.. Savannah. Ga
w. Fl. Craig. G. P. A.. Wilmington. =. c
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17
ToMsIeHEE g NORTHERN RY. CO,

ToMBIeBEE & NORTHERN RY. CO.
Passenger Schedule Effective December
/. 1903
Train No. l. Train No. q
Lv 600 a m. .Farford.... Ar. 7:45 a. m.
Ar. 6:25 a. m. .....Calvert..... Lv. 7:20 a. m.
Train No. 3.
Lv. 500 p. m. ....Fairford.... Ar. 900 p. m.
Ar. 1925 p. m. ....Calvert.... Lv. s:35 p. m
Tombigbee and Northern trains con-
meet with all Southern Railway trains
to and from Birmingham every day in
the week including Sundays.
For other information apply to
JOHN T. COCIIRANE.
General Manager.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17
SENATE HONORS
SENATOR HANNA
Resolutions of Regret at His
Demise
FORAKER MAKES SPEECH
Official Funeral Will Be Held In Sem
ate Chamber, and Distinguished
Men viii Attend the
Services.

Washington, February 16.-Formal an
nouncement of the death of Senator Han.
ma was made in the senate today inn
mediately after the opening prayer, and
all the brief proceedings of the day per-
tanned to its announcement. The duty Of
making the official statement of the sen
ators death fell on Mr.. Foraker as Mr..
Hannas colleague.
Most of the late senator's colleagues
We're in their seats before the senate was
called TO order. and their faces bore wit
ness of the sorrow which all felt. The
galleries. too, were crowded and through
out the entire assembly there was an evi
denee of depression scarcely less marked
than that which pervaded the senate
itself
The opening prayer was delivered by
the senate chaplain, DR.. Edward Everett
Hale, who said.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17

We make the best c-ss in town. Age
Herald Engraving Company.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1904-02-17
PRAYER by Chaplain.

Father, those who have known him
best those who have loved him, they
come to Thee to ask Thy strength for
weakness; for light in darkness, and that
Thou will interpret unto them the lessons
of life and death. All of us, Father. who
know him to love him and to honor him.
we are all together with those nearest IN
his home in the sorrows of this hour.
Come near to us as only Our Father can
come near to u.s. Show us what it Is to
be the immortal children of an eternal
God.
Father. we pray for this nation that
she may always have councillors from the
midst of her, men who know her people.
and who know the world and are willing
to join with one heart and voice that
may be the kingdom of Thy love. Be with
us in our sorrow as Thou has been in
our joys we ask in Christ's name"
Foraker Is Recognized.
On motion of Mr.. Aldrich the formality
of reading the journal of the preceding
day was omitted and Mr.. Foraker was the
eognized to make his announcement. lie
spoke only a few words from manuscript
as follows:
MIR. President, I have a painful duty
to perform. II is that of making formal
announcement of The death of my late
colleague, Marcus A. Hanna. He depart
ed from this life in this city at the Ar
lington hotel where he had been residing
during this session of the senate, at the
hour of $40 p. m. yesterday, surrounded
by his family and intimate friends,
"The event was not unexpected at the
time it occurred. For months past 1t
has been evident to all who were associ-
ated with him that he was in falling
health He was urgently and repeatedly
advised to desist from his labors and
make a special effort to resist his mala-
dies but his strong will power, hopeful
nature and fidelity to duty were such that
he disregarded all such suggestions and
continued at his post until three weeks
ago when he was Frustrated by typhoid
fever
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

present time are number OF Ameri-
can fishing schooners from the Maine
and Massachusetts coasts, and the an
nual visit of the Hudson Bay company
boat bringing it's supplies to York
Factory at the mouth of the Nelson
river, and taking back to London its
load of valuable furs.
Even in the past, though almost IN
known to the world Of commerce, Hud-
son Bay has played an important part
in the development Of the western por.
ton of Canada. Since 1866, when Capt
Gillian navigated the bay and estab-
lished trading post at it's southern
end, it has figured in the worlds COM
merce. Two years after the visit Of
Capt Gillian occurred the organization
OF the Hudson Bay company, headed
by Black Prince Rupert. to whom
Charles the Second granted a charter
ceding to Rupert and his associates
the lands drained ~ the waterways
flowing into Hudson Bay.
The French at Quebec made ingress
or egress to and from the territory
bestowed by King CHARLES by way Of
the st. Lawrence impossible, even had
it been desirable. and so the ships Of
the company sailed in and out OF
Hudson straits on their annua! voy-
age, taking to the crude forts OF the
company the implements of barter
with the Indians in return for which
was received their furs
For three quarters Of a century this
primitive commerce was confined ex-
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

time, these supplies must be transport
ed by land. OF course, certain
amount of forage and grain will be o.
tanned in Manchuria itself; but tia.
country is bare and mountainous, and
not by any means land of plenty.
China will not be available Most OF
the food which the Russian army will
need will have to come from Russia
and Siberia along that single line OF
railway which is the sole means OF
communication. The rails Of that rail-
way are too light to stand the traffic
they will be subjected to. The manu-
facturers who supplied those rails pro-
tested at the time against their light
ness, and strongly urged the expedi-
ency of making the line more substan-
tial; but the authorities would not lis
ten to them. and the distinguished gen.
eral who built the line left for reasons
OF health for western Europe with co.
100000 roubles OF economics" in his
pocket.
Assuming that this precious railway
does not break down and is not blown
up, how will it be able to satisfy the
demands made upon it? To answer
that, We must form some idea of what
those demands will be-
Officially the Russian army in Man.
churia is supposed to number 300, 900
men. OF this number, according to
the usual estimate, about 40 per cent
will be efacient-or, say, 10000 men,
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

Element Of Western Canada It is q
commerce that is still carried on, and
though the Hudson Bay company has
changed to some extent and Is to-day
more Of merchandising corporation,
selling for cash such goods as are de-
: manded by the better class Of the An
glo-Saxon race, goods which are trans
ported by railroad, it still does large
business with the Indians in which
beaver skins are accepted as currency,
and the larger part Of this business
flows in and out of Hudson Bay. York
Factory is still the rendezvous Of the
trappers. To it comes the dog trains
of the north, the Red river carts, the
almost endless chain of canoes padded
by dusky trappers. To these classes
York Factory is still the commercial
center; the single ship that once each
year drops its anchor here represents
to them the commerce of the world.
What this great waterway has been
to the primitive commerce Of the past
and present, it can be to the growing
commerce Of modern Canada. It Is
destined In the near future to become
link in the transportation chain be-
tween the wheat fields Of the western
plains of the Dominion to the hungry
mouths Of Europe. The little settle
ment of traders at York Factory Is des-
tined to grow into thriving seaport
town; Its one ship to feet Of
freightexs. DANIEL CLEvERTON.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06
PALACE CARSFOR HORSES

American railroads have almost as
many different kinds of cars for carry
ing animals as they have cars for pas
sengers-
One kind Of car that is used for
shipping horses is known technically
as a palace horse car, and, excepting
for fine woodwork and brassWork, it Is
a palace car, giving horses fine accom-
modations.
Each horse has his own stateroom.
SO to speak, for the car is fitted with
independent stalls. Each stall has
manger and water trough, overhead
are racks for holding extra feed
Sheep and hogs are often carried in
cars 9th two stories These are known
as double-deckers, and the animals are
shipped in both stories. They have
room to lie down in and water is sup
piled to them from pipes.
Horses and cattle are sidetracked at
intervals il the cars are making a long
run, and the beasts are led out and al
lowed to run around for exercise. Then
they are driven back to their cars and
resume their journey.
Sheep are often unloaded within a
few miles of their destination and
turned loose to rest and feed until
they are in good flesh. This Is not done
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

As Port Arthur is said to have a gar
rlson OF 10000 men, and as there must
be garrisons at Vladivostok and Har-
bin, and as, moreover, the railway will
have to be protected, it is safe to as
sumo that the available Russian field
force is not more than 100000 cor less
| than 10000 men. An army corps Of
10000 men and 10000 horses, if dis
! patched from Russia to reinforce this
| field army would require 1O4 trains OF
| 80 cars, of the kind in use, and mill
tary authorities give the rate Of travel
| ing at 200 miles day. The Siberian
| railway, which has length of about
5000 miles, is stated to be capable of
running six such trains a day. That
| means an interval Of II days between
the departure OF the first draft and
the last. The journey at 200 miles a
day would take IS days; thus it would
take AZ days, or six weeks, to trans
port an army corps from Russia to
Manchuria-
In the meantime what is to happen
to the supplies. A train Of 80 cars will
carry 300 tons; an army Of 300 900 will
consume about 1000 tons OF provisions
day.
The situation is hopeless The Jap
anese need not go to the expense or
give themselves the trouble of blowing
up bridges and lengths of line. The
railway will do its own deadly work
If left to itself. To all appearances,
therefore, the war will be Of short du-
ration.
The Japanese are supposed to be
able to place 100000 men in the field,
and to maintain such an army at that
strength for considerable period.
Napoleon said that an army marched
on it's stomach: we may go further and
say that it fights on it; the chances Of
the success of the legions of the car
would seem to be remote The Rus
slams are supposed to be superior to
the Japanese in cavalry, but this is
perhaps a doubtful advantage in the
mountainous country of the theater OF
war. E. A BKAYLEY HODGETTS
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06
~ Hudson Bay a ~ "
\ commercial Waterway
for Canada
important Part This Northern Sea Has PLAYED in
N the Development of Our Northern Neiehbor
tor Canada

MOVEMENT has taken form
M In Canada for the re naming
SN and developing Of Hudson
I'm Bay. 1t is proposed to call
G2l the vast body Of water that
~ has figured so largely in the
past history of the Domin-
lon' and especially of the northwest.
>aIaoa Sea, and to encourage it's COM
nerelal use as an outlet for the pro-
DUCTS OF the Northwest Territories and
Manitoba.
dominion statesmen believe there
are vast possibilities for Canada in tho
oeVelopment OF this great inland sea
II proper encouragement is offered Tor
the development OF commerce
through It. They believe it is destined
10 become the rendezvous Of a great
gram Heet which shall carry the aer1
cultural products of the Western Can
adlan plains to the markets of Europe
thereby cheapening transportation. and
increasing the farmers profits. One
needs but study the map OF Canada to
realize that these things are all very
possible, to say the least Commerce
OF the past, and of the present to a
large extent, follows the water courses.
and the waterways Of Western Canada
md an outlet into Hudson Bay. OF
these waterways such streams as the
Nelson and Churchill rivers should
prove Of wonderful Importance in the
development Of the vast territory
awaiting the coming of man to be
changed from no-man's land to popu-
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

Ious communities. At comparatively
small expense the Nelson river could
be made to provide, during the sum-
water transportation from Winnipeg
to York Factory. the Hudson Bay COM
pany post on Hudson Bay. Also, at
comparatively small expense the
Churchill river could be made navig.
able for portion Of each year, and
so afford water transportation as far
west as Lake Athabasca. Both of these
streams have broad, deep channels.
carrying immense volumes of water,
and though the navigation Of both is
now blocked by falls and rapids they
are of kind that do not present in
surmountable obstacles, nor would the
mourning of any considerable expense
be necessary in overcoming the OBJ
stacles- Steamers have, for years, been
plying trade between Winnipeg, Oh
the Red river. and the source Of the
Nelson where it flows out of Lake Win
nipeg. Once canals are built around
the falls OF the river, and the same
steamers could continue their jour
ney to the bay, and so offer cheap
means OF transportation into the mar
kets Of Europe.
But the improvement Of these rivers
IS not needed, even though it might be
desirable to make the development of
Hudson Bay commerce feasible. Rail-
roads can and will in time furnish
means of communication between the
interior and the shipping points on the
shores of the bay. A line now In OPP
Grafton runs from Winnipeg north to
the northern line of Manitoba province.
From there it turns westward and pen
etrates the northern edge of the wheat
country for considerable distance,
and will eventually reach the Rocky
mountains. Turning eastward at the
northern line OF Manitoba a branch Of
this same line has been surveyed
through to York Factory, on Hudson
Bay. and it is expected that construc-
ton work ON this branch will be begun
within a comparatively short time.
The new trans-continental line which
the Ottawa government recently chart
cred and provided means for fnanc-
ing will pass within striking distance
Of James Bay and will penetrate the
best OF the wheat country Of Canada.
1t is reasonable to expect that this
line will provide branch to Hudson
Bay, If for no other reason than to tap
its rich timber resources.
A third line is being built northward
from st. Ste Marie with the ultimate
object of striking James Bay near the
mouth of the Moose river. Throughout
eastern Ontario a number of branch
lines are being pushed northward grad
ually, ard though they are still long
ways from the shores Of this vast wa
terway, it is almost needless to proph-
ecy that some of them will IN time
and a comparatively short time-reach
it. The vast timber and mineral re-
sources found around it are attracting
attention in Canadian railway and
financial circles. and but little other
inducement would be necessary to
bring about the desired result
About the only vessels that have
visited the bay regularly up to the
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06
Mistakes Were Rare,

The editions of books printed 200
or 300 years ago are almost entirely
free from typographical errors, which
may be attributed to the fact that early
publishers were generally eminent
scholars, and themselves gave much
attention to the revision Of their
proofs. After reading proofs, they fire.
ouently turned them over to other
scholars with the request to revise and
correct, and as the printers time was
then deemed a matter OF small conse-
aueuce perfection was attained which
is seldom equalled in modern days.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

those who know anything of Russia
however, it did not come as a surprise
to hear that a committee OF inquiry
was about to be appointed, with view
to discovering what had become OF
these stores, and who should be
hanged. Therefore it will not be ex-
traordinary if the stores at Vladivos-
tok and other places prove to be very
much in the same condition as those
of the French army in 1870.
No stores, however, could be sufi-
GENTLY large to provide for the needs
of a modern army during an arduous
campaign. It is always difficult to es-
innate what an army will consume,
but during the Russo-Turkish war of
1867 the Russian government spent
between 1886, 900 and $500, a day in
provisioning their troops. one firm of
contractors alone supplying over &c.
100000 tons Of biscuits. At the siege
of Paris, in 1901, the German army,
consisting of 100000 men, consumed
per day: $4,000 loaves of bread, three
pounds each; 200 pounds of rice;
5s5 oxen, or 100000 pounds; 14,4OO
pounds of salt; 100000 pounds of oats;
2,400, 900 pounds of hay; $4,000 quarts
Of spirits-or considerably over 4,OOO,-
900 pounds of provisions, say 1000 tons
day.
These figures will give some idea of
the quantities of food a modern army
will consume.
The question of ammunition is less
easy. to deal with, seeing that great
deal will depend upon the amount ex-
pended; in other words, the number
and duration of the engagements. The
consumption of food, however, goes on
the same whether there is fighting or
not 1t has been estimated that an In
fantry soldier will in action fire OF at
the rate of 300 rounds of ammunition
a day. When We come to artillery,
the problem becomes still more diff
cult to calculate in the absence of the
necessary data.
Assuming the command of the sea,
to be lost, as it seemingly is at this
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

ippine islands, Cambodia and Siam,
saw the japanese appear upon their
coast as peaceful traders or buccaneers.
In the seventeenth century the British
mariner Will Adams built ships for the
shotgun, which made voyages to Manila
and even to Mexico Then, in fear Of
foreign invasion. Japan was cut of
from the world and for 200 years moth
ing but the smallest coasting vessels
were allowed to be built. It was not
until the revolution Of 1868 that tia
foundation Of Japan's modern navy
were begun sssy#! q
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

cluslvely to the shores Of the bay. but
at the end of that time the hardy ad-
yenturers began pushing inland in
their efforts to obtain greater wealth
Of furs. The traders pushed their bark
canoes up the rivers and eventually
reached the lakes Of Manitoba. With
in so years from the time that marked
the beginning of this spirit OF conquest
that impelled the traders to travel in
land they had crossed the continent,
Hudson Bay trading posts were scat
tered throughout the valleys of the
Red and Saskatchewan rivers and their
tributaries and extended as far west
as the Rocky mountains To these
posts came the products Of English
factories, and from them were sent
the products Of the trappers Of the
Northwest. This commerce, primitive
in way, flowed through Hudson
Bay.
1t was this commerce which brought
about the exploration and early set
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06
Ja,,en's Mercantile Marine.

Japan's mercantile marine Of late
years has made such vast strides that
now it is obtaining from its own ship
ping companies all the transports 1t re-
quires. not being obliged, as It was in
tho war with China, to hire foreign
ships. The history Of maritime enter
prise In Japan is as romantic as that
OF most OF Its other industries. Dufing
the middle ages the japanese were dis
tinEuished for their adventures. Korea.
sGhin1. Tormosa. even the distant Phil
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06
Romance VS.. Reality.

1T is my intention" said the newly
married man, ito have our pictures taken
with my wite's hand on my shoulder"
"And L." rejoined the man who had
been up against the matrimonial game
for many years, "am thinking of having
ours taken with my wife's hand on my
pecketbook"-N.Y Y, World.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06


Russia to keep her army in the field
up to war strength and supplied with
food and ammunition.
To the ingenious person who knows
little OF the country, it would seem to
be obvious that Russia had made ev-
cry provision for the present contin-
gency, and had consequently been ac-
cumulating large stores of food and
ammunition in Manchuria for years
past. Since 1895 the position of Russia
in Manchuria has been threatened.
From the moment that Japan realized
the true meaning of England's Siamese
policy in 1895, and saw that Russia
meant to be the predominant partner
In the Asiatic hegemony, she prepared
for the inevitable struggle, and so
openly that everybody who had visited
Japan during the few years were per-
fectly aware Of these preparations.
Russia consequently must have been
well Informed of Japan's ornaments
and ultimate plans, but she mscalcu-
lated the moment. On paper, vast
stores Of food and forage. as we'll as
ammunition, were supposed to have
been accumulated at Vladivostok. To
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06

merely from motives Of humanity. II
has been found that the sheep are
so much improved by it that they
bring higher prices when they reach
the market.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06
Rural Routes.

There are eight hundred rural mail
delivery routes in operation throughout
Minnesota at present which is exactly
two hundred more than there were a
year ago. All the payments to the car
riers are made from the St. Paul post
Office, and the monthly payroll now
amounts to more than $4,000, as COM
pared with $50, 900 March, 1903
The average length of route is
twenty-five miles, and multiply that
figure by eight hundred routes now in
operation, the distance covered by the
rural carriers in this state approx
mates 10000 miles each day.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-04-06
Sugar Beets.

Prospects are good for an incre ased
acreage of sugar beets in Minnesota
this year. The Minnesota Sugar COM
pany is just winding up the business OF
1904, and those interested declare
the year successful one. In 1903 the
company contracted with l, 500 farmers
for 3, 700 of acres On account of the
excessive rainfall and floods the acre
age was reduced to less than 3,OOC
acres The total yield amounted to
$1,000 tons-- from which the sugar
company produced, in 1o5 working
days, 100000 pounds of granulated
sugar