davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
LECTURE ON BIRDS.
Interesting Discourse to be Given in the
High School Auditorium.

An interesting and instructive lee
ture will be the illustrated talk on
"Birds' to be given in the High
School auditorium tonight by Frank
M. Chapman. He is an authority on
the subject and the illustrations are
said to be worth the price of admis-
sion alone.
Mr.. Chapman is in great demand as
q lecturer and has spoken upon several
occasions at society functions in the
metropolis this winter. Next Wednes-
day night, February "a, ho will de-
liver a similar talk at Sherry's. New
York.
This lecture is the second in the
course of entertainments being given
by the Teachers Association. The
third will be an address, "All the
Worlds Stage" by DR.. Byron King,
of Pitfsburg, ON February 26,
In commenting on the lecture the
Courier, of Lowell, Mass, SAYS
"The lecture was full of interest,
tho interest of woods and field; there
was SAVIOR of spring in his words and
the pictures were alive with summer
time The audience was large and
appreciative.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
COMMISSIONERS OF
DEEDS ARE ELECTED.
Those Named for MiddIesex County
Perth AmbOy Has Seven
Men.

&renton, Feb. 18:-The Legislature
has elected in joint session the follow
ing Commissioner of Deeds for Mid
dlesex County:
New Brunswick, First Ward, j, B.
Wright; Fifth Ward, Charles Fishe T
and Howard Wesner; Sixth Ward,
Alfred +. Rastall.
Oranbury, George b. Mershon; East
Brunswick, Ira O. Crandall; James.
burg, J. E. Marryott; Madison, James
Fountain and w. w. Lambertson
Metuchen, George u, Towle and
Charles @. Campbell; Perth Amboy
S. j. Watson and Emil Zenith; Pts.
Getaway, Abner S. Coriell and Silas
d Drake; Raritan, VIM. e. Burns
South Amboy, Bernard Roddy, f. E.
DoGraw and Fred Diebert; South
Brunswick, George v Phillips and
William Oberman, Jr. South River,
Robert P. Judge; Woodbridge, Thomas
H. Morris, Martin A. Fromers, John
II. Liesen, John Dooley and M, L.
Demarest.
Piscataway, Alfred L. Storm; Rari-
tan, James f. Burke, East Brunswick,
@. NJ. Sheppard; Perth Amboy, John
Poulson, Frank Neer, Louis O. n
Blogger, William H. Dey and Peter
| Kamm.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
DAMAGE TO VESSELS.
Bee Line Barge Beached at New London
P. r. r. Tug In Ice.

One of the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company's tugs had hole stove in
her bow Tuesday night by the ice
while being docked in Gokey's dry
dock, New York. ana is now sunk in
the dock.
Tho Lehigh Valley barge which
sunk off the Battery, Tuesday night,
has been towed to the Morris Canal
Basin.
Barge Balloon, of Bee line, with
coal for Providence, in tow of Lehigh
Valley tug Shawanesc, was beached at
New London yesterday afternoon,
leaking badly.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
Salesman Fined SIS.

7. P. O'Connor. salesman, was
arrested by detective J. A. Huff yes
terday afternoon at the Staten Island
ferry house in a badly Intoxicated
condition. His face presented a horri-
BILE appearance where he had fallen
and received several ugly cuts. He
was we'll dressed and carried a leather
case filled with suitings. He was
fined So.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
WILL OPEN WHOLESALE
CIGAR STORE SHORTLY.
Mr.. PIotz Superintendent of Cigar
Factory has rendered His
Resignation TO the Firm.

Meyer Plotzl superintendent of the
Perth Amboy cigar factory, in this
city, has rendered his resignation and
will, in about month, open an up
to-date wholesale and retail cigar and
tobacco store at 3l6 State street. He
has secured fye-year lease on the
property. Mr.. Plotz established the
branch of the United Cigar Company
in this city. in September, 1909, and
has built up the establishment until
the pay roll now numbers 400. all of
whom, except less than ten, are
women.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18

| will entertain bids from Investors.
builders, or agents for entire tract, con-
tanning fourteen lots. being $50 feet on
Madison Avenue, 279 feet on Paterson
Street and 139 feet on Brighton Avenue
Including two desirable corners,
The city is now built up almost soli.lly
to this block. The constantly increasing
demand for houses and apartments in this
desirable neighborhood, would warrant
the speedy improvement Of entire propers9
ty. See your agent or call on
WARD 2. SNYDER, l55 Saith Street.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
SUPERINTENDENT SKULL ILL
Is Confined to His Home Believed to
Have the Grippe.

s. e. Shull, superintendent of the
Public schools, is quite i'll at his
home, IA Kearny avenue. When Mr..
Shull left his office in the High School
building yesterday afternoon, he was
not feeling we'll. and later in the
evening he complained of severe pains
in his back. He went to bed and did
not feel well enough to get up this
morning. 1t is thought that the
trouble is the grippe.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
THREE JUDGMENTS
IN DISTRICT COURT.
Cans is Awarded $73 in Case
Against LOvasz- Other
Court Matters.

In the district court this morning
Adolph Cans was awarded a judgment
for $73 against Stephen Lovasz. In
the landlord and tenant case brought
by Vitallis Miedak and others against
John Roman, a judgment for posses.
sion was awarded. Marcus Stricken
was awarded $40 in a suit against
John Sunyer.
The case of j. G. Nash VS.. H. o.
Drost and several others we're adjourn.
ed. Court will not be held on Mon.
day, Washington Birthday.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
Left Town Suddenly.

A rumor is current about town that
Mrs, Jesse Peterson, of Smith street,
left this city in company with local
business man. Mr.. Peterson refused
to be interviewed this morning, but,
in reply to noto delivered by an EN-.
ploye, said that he knew nothing in
connection with the matter. 1t is
said that Mrs. Peterson took with hel
two or three trunks containing her
personal effects.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
Mr.. Meshrow a Member.

The Exempt Firemen's Association
held their regular monthly meeting
in Washington Hose Company's house
on Water street, last night. William
H. Meshrow, of Mechanic street, was
elected q member of the association.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
CLASSMATES ATTENDED.
Miss EveIyne La FIamme Buried In st
Marys Cemetery Today.

The funeral of Marguerite Evelyne
LaFlamme was held from st. Mary e
r. Q. church at 10 O'Clock this morn,
ing when requiem mass was said.
The floral tributes were numerous.
The classmates of Miss LaFlamms
attended the funeral in body.
Interment was made in st. Mary
R. O. cemetery. The pail bearers
were Leo Donehue, Harry Foley,
William H. Mccormick Jr., Edward
Smith, James Deegan, John Toolin.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
TWO FUNERALS.

Otto Stehlgens, ten years old, was
buried this afternoon in Alpine ceme.
terry. He was the son of Charles
Stehlgens, of Kinsey Corner.
The funeral of Anton, the sixteen.
months old son of Joseph Greggor, OF
Q Goodwin street, was held this morn.
ing. Interment was made in St.
Stephen 8 cemetery.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
Names were Omitted.

In giving the account of the at
home, given by Mrs. G.. u. Runyon
at her home i'll High street, the names
of Mrs. William P. Keashey, Mrs. S.
r. Harrington and Miss Mary Mercer
were Inadvertently omitted. They
were among those who assisted Mrs.
Runyou to receive.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
MARGARET SWEETS PARTY.
Entertained Her Little Friends at Her Home
In Brighton Avenue.

Margaret Sweet, of Brighton ave-
nue., entertained number of her
friends last night at birthday party.
The evening was passed in games and
singing. At $50 o'clock refreshments
were served. The guests left fol
home at 10 O'Clock.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
Washington Hose Ball.

All of the committee in charge Of
the ball of Washington Hose Company
which will be held in Wilder Hall
Monday night, report great progress.
Many out of town firemen will be
present, for Washington Hose Com
pany's ball is great social affair.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
TOLD OF Japan.
Mrs. Thomas R. White of EIiz zabeth LeGtur-
ed In ST. Peters Chapel.

Mrs. Thomas r. White, of Eliza.
beth, delivered an interesting lecture
in st. Peters chapel yesterday after
noon to good sized audience. Hel
subject was Mission work i'll Japan. y
Mrs. White lived in Toxic for sixteen
years and is we'll informed on hel
subject.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18

Carpenters Union No. 65 will he
their annual smoker Saturday, FL.
ruary goth in Odd Fellows Hall. 4
members are requested to be prese-
by order of the committee.
50O3-2-17-8t
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
QUARTET WILL ENTERTAIN.
After Lent the Catholic Club Singers will
Make their Appearance.

After Lent the Catholic Club quartet
will give an entertainment and recep-
ton. A date will be set later on.
The quartet is now taking instructions
from J. H. Graham, of State street.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
Good Old Summer Time.

The steamer Amanda has arranged
to run from Perth Amboy and Totten
Vile to Boynton Beach this summer.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
Happy Ten Meets.

A special meeting of the "Happy
Ten" will be held at Dewey Park to-
night.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18

Pianos. Cash or time at the old
stand Peder Olsen. SO Smith st.
$685. 9-19-2t.e. wifi
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18

The Evening News makes special
ty of real estate.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18

Classified ads. on page5.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18
WEATHER.

The New York Herald forecast Is: for
Friday partly cloudy with slowly rising
temperprrature.
Perth Amboy evening news. [volume] (Perth Amboy, N.J.) 1903-1959, 1904-02-18

Sewing machines for sale by Peder
Olsen, Sc Smith st.
3526a -9-19 .2t-e. w. If
The daily silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1903-1907, 1904-02-09
SIGNIFICANT ACT.

Paris, Feb. S.--The French foreign
office was advised this afternoon that
the japanese have cut the cable con-
Meeting Japan with Korea.
The object of this action is believed
to prevent news of the operations Of
japanese reaching the Russians. which
was possible no matter how closely
censured the dispatches sent might be-
Following the breaking off of relations
between Russia and Japan, the cutting
of the cable is regarded here as sig
nifcant of the purpose of the Japanese
to begin hostilities.
1t is learned that among the troops
sent by Russia to the vicinity of the
Yalu river are $4,000 Cossacks. whose
province it is to desti oy the communi-
cations of any Japanese army land ng
along the coast or trying to striks the
Port Arthur railroad.
The French military experts consider
this a good tactical movement, for the
reason that the Japanese have only
small caval force. insufficient to core
with that of the Russians.
The daily silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1903-1907, 1904-02-09
WON 7 MONKEY ANY
LONGER
Japan loads Her Troops in
Forty Steamers, and 6 is
Ready to Fight

st. Petersburg. Feb. S.-An advance
detachment of Russian cavalry is
leaving Mukden for Korea.
The telegram from Mukden announ-
cling the departure of the cavalry
adds: "Russia's love of peace has
been exhausted by Japans demands.
Troops, therefore. have been concen-
trated at the Yalu river. The Russian
troops are in the best of spirits. The
Japanese everywhere are hurrying
homewards."
The Mukden dispatch repeats the
rumor that a japanese squadron Is off
Weihaiwei. on the north coast Of the
Chan Tung peninsula with the object
of intercepting the Russian ships COM
ing from Europe.
The rupture of diplomatic relations
between Russia and Japan was dis
cussed with tolerable calmness in the
morning papers here today, the onus
being unanimously placed on Japan
for severing relations the very day the
Russian reply was to reach Toxic.
The Viedomosti still sees 'Dim ray
of hope of a peaceable settlement"
and says the last word has not yet
been spoken.
The Novoe Vremya, repeating it's
charges that Japans desire was TO
bring about war no matter what was
the tenor of the Russian reply, ard
adds that even Japan's extraordina y
manner of rupturing relations has ev-
oked no chauvinism in Russia, but
merely an outburst of keener patriot
ism.
Minister Mirabelli has cabled in
structions to the commander of the
Italian squadron in the far east to send
the Italian third class cruiser Piemonte
from Shangai to Japan. to help the
third class cruiser Elba in Korean wa
ters to protect Italian interests and to
have the armored cruiser Vettor Pis-
ami communicate between them. Tn.
third class cruiser Pugilia. now at San
Francisco, has been ordered to Japan.
Two other warships are ready to start
for the far east.
An exchange of views on the sub
ject is taking place between the coun-
tries whose rulers, like the king OF
Italy. have received letters from the
empe or of Korea announcing his in
tcntion to abstain from any act which
might be interpreted as a breach OF
neutrality.
Although not expected. the latest
news from the far east deeply affect
ed the pope, whose mir d is turned to
the faithful and the missionaries ex-
posed to the horrors of war. The pom
tiff said:
II shall have hope in the peaceful
disposition of the czar. Let US pray
that God may guide him."
The daily silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1903-1907, 1904-02-09
PROSPECTING AS A BUSINESS
An Old Miner Writes A PrdC-
tiCdl Letter

In modern mining the business of
exploration becomes the most i'm
Io-tant of all the phases of the min
er's practice, for preliminary judg-
ment governs the after Sdccess or fall
ure by the wise or unwise selection of
the mineral veins. To be a good pros
pector is in itself a business that re-
quires many qualifications as well as
much study and practice. His knowl-
eege of rock and rock formation must
be gained by actual observation more
car. only supplement to actual practi7e
A person possessed of these qualif-
cations and this knowledge will not
ush blindly into the field of explora-
ton and expect to find mine in the
first quartz ledge he discovers, for he
knows that perhaps ninety-nine out Of
a hundred of these may be barren. He
will go carefully and look closely at
the float rock of all kinds scattered
over the surface. Presently he sees
a piece of rock no larger than his
hand. He will pick 1T up. examine 1t
carefully, and If it Is satisfactory he
looks for more of the same character
higher up. Perhaps within a few feet
he will find several pieces of the same
rock. If he fails to find more he will
dig in the vicinity of the last piece
found; ninety-nine times In one hun
dred he will find the vein, vet this
float rock is not ore. but an indication.
and accompanies mineral. This is
where the veins do not crop above the
surface. but close to 1t. Every district
has its own indication or float stone
to show the presence of the vein.
whether ii crops or not. and yet II
that same rock shown to some people
that call themselves prospectors. and
they would declare ii no good. This
kind of prospectors are looking for
copper stained rock or that showing
silver or gold There is another er
ror that some prospectors make. They
become imbued with the idea that the
mineral can be found only In certain
places. 1t is not necessary that large
primitive mountains should be present
or mole hills should be despised, TO-
the richest and most lasting mines
ever found are on small hills facing
the past or present oceans or inland
seas.
Now, I win say to the novice just
starting out 20 prospect. don't let
yourself be Influenced by people who
are called hot-air promoters OF pros
pectors. If you listen to them you are
wasting your time prospecting for
wind instead of mineral.
MINERAL.
The daily silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1903-1907, 1904-02-09
RAN ACROSS THE
OLD LEDGE
Allan Cores Lucky Discovery
in the BlaCkbird Mine, Gen.
trail District

Allan Gore. superintendent Of the
Blackbird mine in Central district, yes-
terday had his long search for the
IA amous 'Iost ledge" rewarded. He
found It: and ne is now ready to prove
that the stories of its richness by the
old time miners. who tried for years.
and many of them. to find the ledge
were not exaggerated. The ore taken
out has been tested and pans out won
derfully.
heavy bias. Of giant powder was
followed by such a rush OF water into
The mine that the hand pumps were
snadeouate to handle It. Therefore
Mr.. Gore decided to shut down work
at this particular point. and at once
sent man in with rush o~der fo~
numns and machinery. which VIII he
Installed and set to work at the earli-
est possible date.
The force Of men now working a.
the R,ackbrd will be increased ard
those best posted as to the mine ard
its managers predict a lively time IN
the old Central within the next few
weeks
The Blackbird is owned by Salt Lake
capitalists, the company being known
They have several good claims in the
district, but just now the Blackbird is
receiving their undivided attention.
The daily silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1903-1907, 1904-02-09
Ooings Of the Day Reflected
and Condensed for Busy
Readers
IHE HISTORY OF TINE WORLD
Told In Short parasrsphs- The
latest lntelliq qenco from
All Sources

Caracas. Venezuela, Tue esiay-The
government has opened the ports Of
La Guayra. Guanta ard Counn,a,,a 70
foreign and local trade.
Madrid-Premier Maura has an
nounced that the strike Of persons
employed by the shipping interests at
various Spanish ports is at an end.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Pardee has
issued a requisition upon the governor
Of Oregon for the return to this state
Of c. {. Saltner. wanted at San Fran
cisco for forging a check.
st. Louis-In a fight on Give street
before daylight. Joseph Littler, pro-
prietor of the Bachelor hotel on Give
street. was shot and instantly killed
,ni Policeman Edwar.i Mask..le MAS
81 OF and ser:ously wouniai !.
Denver. Colo.-Judge Palmer SEN
fenced Frederick Arnold. Newton An
drews and Charles Peters, the young
men who killed Mrs. Amanda Yeung-
blood last New Years eve, to be hang
ed in the week beginning May 18th.
An appeal will be taken to the su-
preme court to test the constitution
atty Of the hanging law.
washmgton-secreta Of State Hay
has returned to Washington from
Townsville, Ca. where ne has been
cooperating for the past two weeks.
He seems almost entirely recovered
from his severe indisposition. The sec
etary spent some time at the White
House tonight In conference with Pres
ident Roosevelt on the far eastern SIT
lation.
Berlin-Emperor william has sent
word to Ambassador Tower that he
will dine with him Thursday evening.
The emperor dined with the. ambas-
sador at Kiel. but this Ia the first time
the emperor ever took dinner at
United States embassy or legation, and
indicates the especially cordial rela-
tions existing between the emperor
and Mr.. Tower.
Chicago--A contract has been let for
refitting and redecorating the Iroquois
theatre. in which 572 lives were lost on
December 81. This indicates that the
tnedtTe Will De IeopSiiS0 10 tue poUAsS
as place of amusement. The cost Of
the repairs will be about $4,000, and
the management hope to reopen the
| house in the early spring. It 10 said
the name OF the theatre will be chang
| ed to the Northwest.
| New York-Miss Elizabeth Wander
bilt. 81 years old. daughter OF Oliver
Vanderbilt, who founded the first ferry
between Staten Island and New York.
and a relative Of Commodore Wander
oilt is dead at the home of her niece
in a small apartment on the upper
West Side Miss Vanderbilt had liv-
ed with the family for twenty-five
years, but never had spoken of her
business affairs. She had large IN
come, however, and Is supposed to
have held considerable property. II
is said she had not spoken to any
other relatives in many years because
of extensive litigation over her faith
ers property.
The daily silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1903-1907, 1904-02-09
How to Make Money

Agents of either sex should today
write Marsh Manufacturing Co.. 53S
Lake street. Chicago. for cuts and
particulars Of their handsome Alum
mum Card Case with your name en-
graved on 1t and filed with 100 call
ing or business cards. Everybody or
ders them. Sample case and 100 cards
postpaid. SOC. This case and 100 cards
retail at rs cents. You have only TO
show sample to secure orders. Send
soc at once for case and 100 cards or
send SOC for 100 cars without case.
$40 prize for every agent. Mention
THE paper. TO July 2e.
The daily silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1903-1907, 1904-02-09
End of a Difficulty Which Re-
suited iu Death of Eight
Persons in -Four Days
MOB TAXES AWFUL REVENGE
Negroes Burned Were Husba n d
and Wife All Occ. rred in Civ
iIized Mississippi

Doddsville Feb. S.-Luther Holbert
and his wife, negroes. were burned at
the stake here yesterday by mob
of 1000 persons for the killing of James
Eastland, a prominent white planter
and John Carr, negro, on Wednesday
night at the Eastland plantation, two
miles from this city. The burning OF
Holbert and his wife closes a TRAGEDY
which has cost eight lives. has enSag-
ed 200 men and two packs of blood
hounds in a four days chase across
four counties and has stirred this sec
ton of Mississippi almost to frenzy.
Following are the dead:
Luther Holbert and wife, negr oes,
burned at the stake by mob.
James Eastland. white. planter; kill
ed by Holbert.
John Winters, negro; killed by East
land.
John Carr, negro; killed by Holbert
Three unknown negroes; killed by
posses.
The killing OF Eastland, Carr ard
Winters occurred at Eastlands planta-
tion. Hobert and Winters were ir
Carr's cabin. when Eastland entered
and ordered Holbert to leave the place.
A difficulty ensued in which, 1t is al
Eastland, fatally wounding him ano
killing Carr. Eastland returned tn,
fire and killed Winters -
When the news of the tragedy reach
ed DoGdsville a posse was formed apd
left Immediately for Eastlands plan
tation. Arriving there, further shoot
ing occurred and an unknown negro
was killed. Holbert and his wife. VIII
had donned mea's clothing, both heav-
lily armed. had fled.
Posses were formed at Greenville.
Cleveland and other points and th'
pursuit of Holbert and his wife wa
begun with horses and bloodhounds
The chase which was begun Wednes
day mo. ming, was continued until las
night, when Holbert and his vile
worn out from travelling over 100 miles
on foot, through care brakes ana
swamps. were found asleep in heavy
belt of timber, three miles east OF
Shepardstowp, and captured by n
posse without a shot being fired.
The two negroes wele bought to
Doodsville and this afternoon wer,
burned at the stake by mob almost
H. the shadow of the nglo church
here.
Yesterday two negroes were killed
BY a posse near Belzoni, Yazoo county
one OF the negl oes bearing s,rikins
semblance TO holbert and was mis-
taken for him by memoe.s of the
posse lie was called on to surrenoel.
but instead of doing so. showed hgnl
and both negroes wee snot down b.
rosse men as Holbert had sworn lie
would not be taken alive and was
known to be heavily armed.
Eastland was a member of a wealthy
MISSISSIPPI family, and rewal d of $i,-
200 was one.e ed by relatives for the
capture of his slayer. Two b. o.he-
of tastiand participated in the puisait
and captule OF the Holberts, and oolA
wele y. esent when they were burns
at the stake. ~,
The l6-year-old son of Holbert. who
was captured F'.iday night. AID hel.
on suspicion OF completely IN the Kill
ing OF EasAla.d, Mas gwen his free
uom, has lnnoeence beng established.