davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1904-12-08
Advertised Letters.

The following is the list oil un'
claimed letters remaining in the Abb
lene postoffice for the week ending
Dec. s, 1904. Have your mail ad'
dressed to your box number and 1t
will be promptly delivered;
GEErLEMEEs LIST.
allen Cornelius Gish, GO
Hutchinson, Harry Leonard,
Maore John "a Negley, borden
Ne,d,r. fe1is Tate, We
Underwood, W
LADIES LIST.
Butter. Mrs 8 Grove, Mrs A
Erickson. Miss II L Lee, Mrs A.
Mathews Ms Bessie MAboney, Mrs Allce
Moore, MALL Richardson, Mrs Hattie
one cent viii be charged for all ad'
vertised letters.
Persons calling for the above will
please say advertised" giving date.
RICHARD WABHe. P. NJ.
Wanted. girls TO learn dressmaEiug
and ladies' tailoring, corner 9th and
Mulberry. Abilene.
1919 Goa J. ENG.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1904-12-08

For silver knives and forks 60 to
Hodge Bros.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

land as well as under the East river 70
Long Island City, a distance of -FOUR
and one-fifth miles. The famous tunnei
under the Hudson, begun in 1874, II
practically completed. 1t is one ana
three fourths miles in length. By july
1905. it will be fully equipped with
electric trains like those on the under.
ground railway. Work has been bogus
on the tunnel under the Hudson river
to connect Manhattan Island with tnS
Jersey City termini of the Pennsylvania
and Erie railway systems Its metro
poIitan terminus will be at the subway
station at Dey street and Broadway.
1t will also be equipped with electric
trains and is expected to be running
within three years. Both of these tun-
nels are to have twin tubes, one TOT
each track. In few months the new
terminal facilities of the New York
Central railroad will be ready for use
Direct connection with all stations
within a hundred miles of the Grano
Central will be made by electric trains
AS beginning the subway manager
ment has ready 500 cars, most of then
steel They represent the most modern
features of car building, being incom-
bustible and as indestructible as the
mechanical knowledge of the present
day can make them. In taking the un-
derground from any of the suoterra-
mean stations one will descend from
the street through a kiosk by broad
marble staircase. Passing neat brass
barred ticket office, a roomy senior
cular platform is reached. If the pas
senger is a New Yorker he Will Dc
agreeably surprised at the unusual spa
ciousness of the platform. He will also
note the tasteful manner in which the
station walls are covered with glazed
brick and that they are not dishgured
with advertisements as are the stations
of European underground roads. There
has been much complaint about the bad
ventilation of the "tuppenny tubes" in
London. That serious fault has been
guarded against by a system of electric
fans which keep the air pure.
RUSSELL p. MARTIN.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

distance of seven miles, or seventeen
and half miles of single track. This
is the Manhattan division which the
contractor is about to turn over to the
operating company. The great Brook
lyn feeder is being pushed rapidly to-
ward completion. 1t leaves the main
line in Manhattan at the foot of White
hall street, near Battery park, and,
plunging beneath the East river, enters
Brooklyn at the foot of Joralemon
street, running with two and three
track systems to Atlantic avenue, a
distance of two and three tenths miles.
Figures are inadequate to express the
magnitude of this greatest of subter-
ranean passageways. 1t is only by
comparison that its unique dimensions
may be appreciated. Compared with it
the famous catacombs of ancient Rome
are rabbit burrows. When the Simplon
tunnel under the Alps uniting Italy and
Switzerland was constructed it was ac-
counted the most wonderful triumph OF
engineering, but if there could be added
to it the St. Gothard tunnel, the Mont
Gents tunnel and the Lake Fucino tun-
mel, thus uniting the four longest stun
nels on the eastern hemisphere, the
combination would only about equal
the length of the new subway. The
length of the seven other great tunnels
and SubwayS in America are as fol-
lows: Baltimore and Ohio tunnel seven
miles; Hoosac tunnel, four and three
fourths miles; Boston subway, two and
one-half miles; Cascade tunnel, two
and one-half miles; Boulder tunnel, two
miles; Ivanhoe tunnel. two miles; Sar-
MIA tunnel, one mile. The total, it will
be observed, is twenty-one and three
fourths miles, mile short of the total
length of the Manhattan and Brooklyn
divisions of the subway.
Yet it is only the beginning of the
underground system of transit in New
York. Three other mammoth projects
are being carried forward. One of them
is the tunnel of the Pennsylvania rail-
road, which is to extend from Weehaw
ken, N. J., under the Hudson river and
beneath the surface of Manhattan Is
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27
Bishop Potter's Interest In the New Subway Ia

/ Although from his antecedents and
early training the bishop might rea-
sonably be expected to favor the so
called low" element, he has carefully
refrained from making any marked dis
tinction He has maintained a digni-
fled Indifference in regard to the
growth of ritualism in the diocese and
is apparently quite as cleverly uncon-
scious of the advanced Biblical inter-
probation that prevails in certain quar-
tiers. AS an amusing instance of his
ability to sdrmount an ecclesiastical
difficulty which might in less compe-
tent hands have made no end of trou-
BILE may be cited his diplomatic man
agement of the recent dedication of the
new Monastery of the Holy Cross at
West Park, on the Hudson. 1t was abb
soIutely necessary for a bishop repre-
senting the diocesan to be present. 1t
would hardly do for the diocesan or his
coadjutor the Right Rev. DIR. Greer, to
off1ciate at such an extremely rituals
tic proceeding. Bishop Potter was
equal to the emergency. 1t was within
the scope of his episcopal authority to
invite the bishop of another diocese to
represent him at the function. He ex-
ercised his privilege and invited the
bishop of Pittsburg, DR.. Whitehead,
who is one of the extremists in the
low church party, and the genial doc
tor accepted and was present on the
occasion.
On Oct. 4, 1902, Bishop Potter and
the immensely wealthy Mrs. Alfred
Corning Clark We're married at Fern
leigh, the beautiful country home of the
bride at Cooperstown, N. Y. Mrs.
Potter is deeply interested in the
progress of the great Cathedral of st.
John the Divine. which has been pro-
jected and carried to it's present stage
of erection by her husband. 1t is an
undertaking which will require mill
lions for its completion, and its pro-
rnoters are naturally gratified by Mrs.
Potter's interest in its development.
TRUMAN L. ELTON.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

The bishop of the diocese of New
York comes from a race of churchmen.
His father, DR.. Alonzo Potter, was
bishop of Pennsylvania, and his uncle,
DR.. Horatio Potter, was his predeces-
sor in the metropolitan diocese. Henry
Goldman Potter was born in Science
tady, n. Y. May %, 1885. At the time
of his birth his father was vice presi
dent of Union college. and his grand
father, the venerable DIR. Eliphalet
Mott, was president of the same insti-
tuition. As a boy Bishop Potter was
not endowed with a vigorous constitu
ton, and for that reason he was not
required to prepare for college His
parents made up their minds to vary
the family tendency to become schol-
ars even to the extent of permitting
Henry to embrace a commercial life.
After his father was elected bishop of
Pennsylvania and the family removed
to Philadelphia he became q. student at
the Episcopal academy in that city. He
finished the rather eclectic course in the
academy and afterward served a brief
apprenticeship in the commission bust
ness. 1t was soon evident, however,
that the family propensity toward the
ology was alive and vigorous in the
young mans heart. When he could not
be dissuaded, and on account of his
insufficient classical preparation, he
was permitted to enter at the Virginia
Theological school.
At this small but famous institution
the future prelate won distinction as
student. He applied himself with such
earnestness to the subjects in which
he was deficient that at the time of his
graduation he was credited by the fac
ulty with being one of the best schol
ars ever sent out from the institution.
Immediately after his graduation he
was married to Miss Eliza r. Jacobs.
He was then in his twenty-first year.
not yet in orders. being still a few
months short of the required age. Five
children were born of this first mar
riage, and all of them are living.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

On May 25 of the following year he
was ordained deacon by his father in
St Lukes church in Philadelphia. A
year later DR.. Bowman, assistant bish-
op of Pennsylvania, ordained him
priest in Trinity church, Pittsburg.
The young minister's first charge was
Christ church, Greensburg, Pa. In a
few months he received a call to St.
Johns church, Troy, N. Y. After he
had been in charge of that parish for
three years he was called to the rec
torship of Christ church, Cincinnati. A
year later he was elected president of
Kenyon college, Gambler, o. The same
year st. Paurs church, Albany, N. Y.
made a bid for his services. All of
these overtures were declined, the
young clergyman preferring to remain
at Troy. After seven years in that
parish he accepted a call to Trinity
church, Boston, that stepping stone to
so much ecclesiastical preferment. Two
years afterward he was called to Grace
church, New York, where he served
with marked distinction for fifteen
years. In 1877 he was elected bishop
of Iowa, but declined the honor. A
quarter of a century ago the proffer of
a diocese in the then far west was no
temptation to a rector of Grace church.
In 1883 DR.. Potter was made coadjutor
to his uncle, who was becoming infirm
and had asked to be provided with an
assistant He was consecrated in
Grace church. Oct. 20, 1888. forty-three
bishops of the church and over 300
members of the clergy being present.
Later the aged bishop resigned.
Bishop Potters administration of the
affairs of the leading diocese in the
country has been markedly successful
Under his prudent and businesslike
oversight it has expanded wonderfully.
He has always shown an admirable ca
pacity for steering clear of the shoals
of ecclesiastical controversy and has
been especially clever in avoiding the
constantly increasing differences be-
tween high" and low churchmen.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27
as They Occur In This Country

per cent in Ohio. In New York city
alone $3.50 strikes are recorded, ana
Chicago has a credit of 1,737. The lar
gest strikes have occurred in railroads
ing and mining, as is shown by the fact
that of the total number of striking
employees 81 per cent were in coal and
coke, 10 per cent in transportation ana
1913 per cent in the building trades.
Among the great labor upheavals in
this country one of the most historic is
the strike in 1877 on the Pennsylvania
railroad. in which much damage was
done and troops were called out. In
1855 the telegraph operators were called
out and the entire American telegraph
ic system was tied up The famous
Homestead strike at the Carnegie
works in 1892 was the most bitter In
dustriaI conflict in American hfstorY
and involved a sanguinary battle be-
tween private detectives and unionists,
in which many were killed and wound
ed. The memorable Chicago strike OF
1894 originated in an effort of the new
~ organized American Railway union,
under the leadership of Eugene ".
Debs the present Socialist nominee for
the presidency, to obtain favorable
terms for the striking employees of the
Pullman car works. There were street
railway strikes in several large cities in
1900 and in the following year a great
steel strike. III ISOz the anthracite coal
strike came nearer to producing q
famine in that commodity than any
previous event. 1t became such a Sc
rious menace to the industrial inter-
ests of the country that executive aid
was invoked and extended in order to
effect a temporary resumption of min
ing.
In the United States strikes have
never been illegal unless ACCOMPANIED
br.f in,
until recent years prohibited by law.
Any combination Of laborers to raise
wages was unlawful until 1924 In
France the restrictions were not With
drawn until 1854.
TIMOTHY FARNUM
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

: es,,ecially anxious that their cause shall
not exceed the bounds of legal decorum.
The magnitude of some recent strikes
has done much to emphasize the dam
age done to business and the interest
which the general public really has in
the sense of being a third and impair
tial party. In the last few years con-
Citation and arbitration have come for
ward as remedies for strikes. In 1888
a federal law provided for the appoint
ment by the president of strike COM
missioners and the Chicago strike
commission recommended the appoint
ment of a permanent commission,
which should supervise labor disputes.
In the United States there were a
| few strikes even before 1900. The bak-
ers of New York had a strike in 1741,
and the Philadelphia shoemakers were
strikers on four occasions previous to
1906 In 1902 the sailors of New York
refused to sign articles, paraded the
streets and compelled others to join
them. From 1921 to 1884 there was at
least one strike each year. According
to the report of the department of COM
merce and labor, strikes were numerous
in 1885. A number of strikes for a ten
hour day occurred in the thirties.
Strikes for an eight hour day began in
1872. Between 1881 and 1900, again ac-
cording to the reports of the depart
ment of commerce and labor, there
have been 22,793 strikes. involving H.
500 establishments and 6,105,694 en-
ployees.
The average duration of strikes for
the last twenty years is 23S days.
Wage loss to employees during that
time has been s257. 100000. The loss to
employers has been s122.000.00o. More
than s16,0O0.O00 has been contributed
by labor unions toward promoting
strikes, and many of the unions are
provided with large strike funds.
Tventy-eight per cent of all the strikes
| in This country have been in New York,
a little over Il per cent in Pennsylva-
mia. 116 per cent in Illinois, little
over per cent in Massachusetts and b
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

fTFqFVces 5ssa''Fes AENRY GOODMAN POT
H =: :: =: !: :" !: !:
diocese of New York,
whose recent presence
a at the opening of a
ETTTTT7TTTTTny high class tavern in
his see city has been
the occasion of much discussion by
both the religious and the secular press
of all countries, is an ecclesiastic who
has hitherto been regarded as a believ-
er in the most uncompromising con-
servatism- 1t must not be forgotten,
however. that the bishops attitude on
the temperance question is not a new
development; he has held precisely the
same view of the matter for many
years. His federation for a well regu-
lated traffic in honestly distilled liq-
uOrs is well known and was publicly
avowed on more than one occasion dur
ing the army canteen discussion. In
1901. at a Washington's birthday cele-
bration at the University of Pennsyl-
vania. Bishop Potter put himself on
record as follows: when a wise provi-
sion was made in the army post for the
safe and decent relaxation of the SOL
der the liquor men controlled the
highest legislative body in the land. to
the end that under the guise of sur
render to the disciples of Mrs Carrie
Nation congress played squarely into
the hands of the nearest saloon and the
infamies OF its back parlors-"
The bishops personal sanction of the
new departure in saloon keeping was
due to his faith in the so called Earl
Grey system of regulating the sale OF
intoxicants. The Subway tavern, as ii
is called. is to be a liquor saloon with
most of the phiectio0abl faa fI1reS elm
mated. 1t is true that stimulants are
sold. but the sale of Misunderstanding
beverages of all descriptions is made a
prominent feature. The object of the
experiment is to dissOciate the drink
ing of stimulants in public from vice.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

! !. !. !. !.
NS$T@@$MHE opening within a
~ an few weeks of New
vi York city's under
~ Vol ground railway, or,
M EGl more properly speak
I'm EI ing, the subway divi-
N@%7[Si sion of the INTERIOR
20 ~ ough Rapid Transit
company. will mark an epoch in the
history of subterranean travel Five
years ago the scheme of an under
ground subway for Gotham was re-
garded by conservative men of capital
as a spectacular proposition. When
the subway commissioners, all of them
men of standing in the financial world,
we're in search of a hacker for the CO.
lcssaI enterprise they were met with
mere polite incredulity than encourage
ment. II is a matter of record that they
found the atmosphere of the gold dis
trict'' singularly unsympathetic and the
business denizens of that famous region
disposed to converse on other subjects
y responsible contractor finally was
discovered who promised to do the
work for S35.OOOOOO Before the work
could be begun it would be necessary
to md some one who was not only the
proprietor of such a sum of money. but
was willing to devote it to the digging
of an enormous hole in the ground.
one morning rather more than four
years ago, to assume the agreeable
phraseology of the story tellers, a port
l.. middle aged and very bald man sat
in the private Office of the banking
house of August Belmont in Nassau
street. New York He was John B. Nc
Donald a New York contractor. and he
held in his hand a contract for build
ing the proposed subway at a cost of
$4,000. 900. After forty-eight hours
deiiberation Mr.. Belmont had decided
TO risk his entire fortune on a scheme
which had been pronounced doubtful
by able financiers in America
When asked by friend how he could
summon the courage to undertake such
a venture Mr.. Belmont replied:
I guess 1 am a good deal like little
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

| <1eS-s Rt1N.- | mas always 0een q 1aS-
ltS,fyEisAl :: cinating subject to the
TIN Il: student of social sci
ence- In recent years
the growing frequency and persistence
Of this means of clarifying the Industrial
atmosphere have forced themselves upon
the attention of those who, although
not active participants in such expe-
dents. share in all the results of indus
trial agitation The recent conflict of
organized labor with the powers of the
meat producing industry and the still
later agitation in the building trades
-<nd their numerous ramifications fur
aish a theme for painstaking considera-
ton. and the origin and progress of
strikes. especially in this country. are
matters of interest to every one.
In actual practice it is not always
~asy to distinguish between the strike
and the lockout This is especially the
case when an employer becomes aware
If an impending strike among his
Torkmen and locks them out by way
7f forestalling them. In general terms
< may be said that strike is in OPP
grafton when a body of employees. act
szz in concert, cease work with the
aVowed object of enforcing some de-
znand OF their own or of resisting some
s>auirement of their ez.rlOyer.
me causes of strikes are manifold.
sometimes they 7ay be found in rea-
sons which FAKE further unmodified
z-zations Setween employer and en-
z.Oys-s an impossibility. and sometimes
S-y are so trivial as to defy intelli-
gent specification The most frequent
cause. however. is the wage question.
In prosperous times strikes are likely
TO occur on account of demands for
higher wages. In times of business de-
preston there has been much industrial
trouble on account of attempts to de-
crease wages. The regulation of
working hours has also furnished fire.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

members of such protective societies.
They have also been accused from time
to time OF instigating strikes in order
to bring the expedient and it's promot-
ers into public disfavor- This accusa-
ton has never been easy to prove. On
the other side boycotting and picketing
have been employed in extreme cases,
but these measures are not in especial
fav~r a1r-z>S the most consistent ad-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

quent cause for labor upheavals. Many
of the recent strikes have had their or
igin and subsequent progress to solu-
ton in a determination of the members
of trades unions to affiliate only with
fellow members. Quite as frequently a
resolution on the part of the employer
to avoid discrimination between union
and nonunion labor has been produc-
tive of industrial trouble. OF still later
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

origin is the sympathetic strike, in
which the workmen of one trade, con-
WINGED of the Righteousness OF the cause
of a body of striking workmen of an
other trade, decline to labor at their
usual avocation until justice prevails.
1t is not unusual for employers to
form organizations to resist the de-
mands of the trades unions. Most OF
the employers of organized labor IRE
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

ect. There is probably not one of the
financial doubling Thomases who
would decline to have his name men
toned in as close connection with the
enterprise as possible. The new sub
way is no longer a subject for specula
ton; it has acquired a standing in the
world of finance that nothing but an
earthquake can dissipate. 1t is ac-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27
APPROACH TO A SUBWAY STATION.

Two Hundred and Thirtieth street on
the west side in long sweep of thir-
teen and a half miles of four, three and
two tracks or forty eight miles of sin
gle track. 1t also reaches from One
Hundredth street and Broadway under
Central park to the east, under the
Harlem river to Bronx park and One
Hundred and Eighty second street, a
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

dog 1 used to own when 1 was at Har-
ward. He wasn't much on the fight,
but if another dog tackled him he
would get hold of hind leg and stick.
had faith in this thing and 1 had faith
in Mcdonald. I got my leg hold, and 1
hung on
At the present time every element of
uncertainty is removed from the prof.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

knowledged to be the greatest financial
undertaking and the most notable feat
of engineering in the history of any
city. For the immediate future it must
be the model for the worlds rapid
transit developments.
This vast system extends from the
Battery. at the southern extremity of
Manhattan Island, to Bailey avenue and
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

vocates of the labor movement. Public
sympathy is an essential element in
strike and either side is extremely
careful to do nothing sufficiently culpa-
BILE to ALLEVIATE it. This is so well un-
derstood by the better class of trades
unions that whenever violence occurs 1t
may safely be attributed to influences
other than the leaders of the move
meTt, who for the most part are men
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-09-27

He form of industrial
disturbance popularity
known as the strike
has always been q fas-
cinaUing subject to the
student of social sci
anCa In rnnnrnt rna rr