davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1904-03-08
Farmers Institutes.
Editors Progressive Farmer:

After a trial of twenty years he
Farmers Institute has become thor
oughly established as a very import
ant factor in agricultural progress
and education. 1t is the modern
school of agriculture for those ac-
tually engaged in farming and espe-
cially for those who never have, and
for various reasons imaginary and
otherwise. never can attend a mod
ern agricultural college. 1t is the
means adopted for carrying new
facts and methods. constantly being
developed by investigators, expert
mentors and progressive farmers, dl-
rect to the agricultural masses. To
show how firmly the Farmers Insti-
tute has taken hold of those who
direct the progress of agricultural
development and education in this
country it is sufficient to note that
thirty-six States and Territories have
by legislative enactment. IN the APP
preparation of money, recognized it
as important institution for the adj
vancement of their agricultural in
t~erests. and in nearly all the others,
Institutes are regularly held by the
agricultural colleges, experiment sta
tions or State Boards of Agriculture.
Another very good index of the
value placed on farmers institute
work is found in the amount of
money annually appropriated by the
different States. A few of these are
as follows:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1904-03-08

1t is a significant fact that those
progress and production also lead in
the amount of money expended for
agricultural education. The COM
mon assumption is that the liberality
of these States in the promotion of
agricultural education is because of
their greater wealth and prosperity;
but it is worth considering if their
greater agricultural prosperity is
not, In a measure, the result, instead
of the cause, of better facilities for
agricultural education.
The total agricultural production
of New York in 1899 was valued at
$245, 900, 900. If on this she can
spend $4,000 on Farmers Institutes,
then North Carolina on her total ag-
ricultural production of $S9,0O0.000
should spend over $1,000 on institute
work.
Again, if West VIRGINIA. with ii
total agricultural production of
$44, OOO, 900 annually. can afford to
spend $4,000 on institute work, we
should be able to spend over S 5000.
The time is rapidly approaching
when it will be fully recognized that
the one great need of agriculture is
better educated farmers. Not mere
" better educated farmers, but farm
ers better educated in farming. In
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1904-03-08

fact, in the more progressive States
the Farmers Institute, the Expert
ment Station and the Agricultural
College are no longer in the position
of needing the support of the State,
but the State; that is, the farmers,
need the help of these institutions to
enable them to successfully solve
present day agricultural problems.
In North Carolina we have not yet
fully learned the true function or
purpose of the Farmers Institute as
developed in many other sections.
With us it is looked upon too much
as a public speaking" where ex-
perimentors. or teachers, from the
State Department of Agriculture,
Experiment Station or Agricultural
College may make set speeches for
the purpose of telling the farmers
how they should run their farms or
for discussing abstract facts without
regard to their application to gen
eral farm conditions. This is in no
sense a true conception of the nature
or purposes of a Farmers Institute
as now conducted in this or any 9th
er State. In this general miseoncep-
ton, there are at least three specific
r First. One important object
of the Farmers Institute is to bring
farmers together under such condi-
tions that they may freely exchange
ideas and compare methods. and not
solely, nor mainly. for teaching the
scientific principles which underlie
the best agricultural practice, no
matter how important and funda-
mental this latter phase of the work
may appear.
Those who have attended insti-
tutes in this State know too we'll how
generally this important object has
failed of realization. and having this
unpleasant and discouraging fact
confronting us, it may be we'll to
look for the reason for its exist
ence.
AS long as there be no local insti-
tute organization there will lack that
sense of proprietorship and interest
to render those
toned to talking in public. free to
take part in such discussions. This
question of organization has an i'm
pOrtant bearing on the development
of the Farmers Institute work in
this State. However, for the pres
ent. it is sufficient for our purpose
tO note that the absence of local in
Stitute organizations is Il great OBJ
stacle to the progress of the work,
but at some other time | hope to
discuss, in The Progressive Farmer.
the general question of farmers or
CARNATIONS in relation to ~agricultu-
raj progress or development.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
Ipasturing Hogs.

T. w. Jones, a successful grower of
hogs, says:
II believe that greater returns for
the amount invested can be obtained
from grazing hogs through the sum-
mer than from grazing any other kind
of live stock. There must be sown the
right kind of grasses to get the best
results. First and foremost as a hog
pasture is clover. keep a plot COM
ing on all of the time for the hogs. Do
not wait until one set of clover has
persisted before sowing another. These
fields need not be very large If they
are judiciously managed. The hogs
should have access only to small
part at a time.
Two years ago l purchased eighty
hogs, averaging about ninety pounds
each, in the early spring. l gave them
access to clover pasture with a slight
mixture of other grasses. Sept.
these hogs were weighed before being
put in the feed pen. They gained about
seventy-five pounds each on grass alone
that summer. Stock hogs being worth
cents per pound that year. it will
readily be seen that they made a gain
of S5.25 per head with no feed other
than grass.
On the Same ldIil anu QuTlHS the
same period was grazed twenty head
of short 2-year-old cattle. They made
a gain of 800 pounds per head that
season, which sold at 4 cents per
pound, or a gain of $12 per head. One
hog, costing about Sc, gained about
one-half as much as steer that cost
SIS. In other words, one hog gained
50 to where the steer gained 81. Some
may contend that these were eXcep-
tlonal values for stock hogs 1t was
also an exceptionally good year in the
cattle trade Count the gains made by
The hogs even at cents, and one will
readily see that the balance is in favor
of the hog. Taken one year with an
other, / believe that decidedly greater
gains will be made by grazing hogs
than any other live stock. No doubt
little grain mixed with clover would
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
Ansora Goats Not Milk Gonts.

Inquirer asks If Angora goats, of
which he sees so much written, is the
same breed noted for their milk yield
ing qualities. He desires to get half
dozen of the milk breed.
They are not the same. The Angora
is noted for its quality of meat and
for producing the celebrated mohair
used so widely in the manufacture of
certain goods. The mich goats of the
best kinds are the famous Spanish
Maltese. Some famous mich goats are
bred in England on the estate of the
Baroness Burdett-Coutts, but a pair
of them would cost a goodly sum by
the time they reached South Georgia
very large number of mich goats
are bred in Australia and they could
be had there for SO or 81 per head, but
II would cost a round sum to deliver
them in Georgia. There are some milch
goats bred in the northwest section of
this country, but we are not able to give
the address of the breeders.
Like inquirer, we also would like
very much to own even two or three
f1rst-class milch goats, for they are
very valuable. and we shall keen on
the lookout for those cheap enough to
buy When found, will acuuaint him
of the fact.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
vnlue of Barnyard Manure.

The value of barnyard manure is
never constant, but varies according
TO the animal from which it comes,
and according to the food fed that
animal, says the Farmers Review.
The age of the animal also in
fluences the quality. Full-grown an
imals excrete a very large proportion
of the fertility in the food, if they are
neither gaining nor losing in flesh.
1t is evident that in such case the
amount taken in and cast off by the
animal body must be practically equal,
the only loss being the carbon that
goes off by way of the breath. But
carbon is not a fertilizer in the usual
sense of the word. Animals that are
rapidly growing naturally use great
proportion of the fertilizing elements
for the building up of muscle and
bone. hair and hide. In such cases 1t
has been found that fully so per cent.
of the fertility is going into their
bodies, while not over so per cent. is
cast out into the manure. In the
care of COWS giving milk only about
65 to IS per cent. of the fertility in
food goes back to the manure heap,
and if the animals are also making
growth the amount that goes back
will be still smaller. Fattening ami
mails use only 5 to 10 per cent. of
the fertilizer constituents in their
food and excrete from 80 to 30 per
cent. This is because the carbon that
goes to make fat is not counted in the
list of fertilfzing elements. as 1t does
no good to the land so far as the
ability of plants to take 1t up is con-
cerned. All the fat being laid on
comes from the carbon. and the little
of the manurial elements that are
used are those that are needed to
build up the new tissue that is re-
uuired by the increase of fat. The
greatest amount of fertilizing ele-
ment taken out is from the nitrogen.
Then comes the potash and then the
phosphorus. That is, more of the
phosphorus is returned to the land
than of the potash and the nitrogen.
This is very good, as it is easier to
supply the nitrogen and the potash
than TO supply the phosphorus. AS a
rule. the animal yielding the small
est amount of manure yields the rich
est Sheep produce less manure per
/, 900 pounds than do the other and
larger farm animals, but their mil
nure is richer than that of the larger
animals. Hogs produce a very rich
manure. In the main, however this
manure is variable in composition
due to the fact that the feed fed is
also variable. 1t will be easy to I'M
derstand that at some periods of their
development the manure from hogs
is rather poor, for the reason that they
are being fed corn, which is rich In
starch. while the amount of potash
nitrogen and phosphorus they receive
is less than that required to balance
the corn fed. Hog manure, however.
generates little heat in decomposing.
Sheep manure is very rich as we
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
CHILDREN's FREE OUTING.
Capt. Werner Calls on Public to
Help Make Trip Possible.

Capt. Werner Calls on Public to
Help Make Trip Possible.
In the very thick of the summers
heat the Salvation Army is planning
to bring a days relief to the poor
children Of Savannah and their moth
ers by providing a free boat excursion.
Each ticket, in addition to providing
passage on the boat, has a coupon
good for one box of lunch and one plate
of ice cream.
1t has been arranged that the excur-
sion will be run on Aug. l on the
steamer Clayton. While the officers of
the army have not yet secured the
means and supplies necessary for this
excursion, they are relying on ProVl-
dence and the people of Savannah TO
make up the deficit. Their appeals to
the people have not been in vain here
tofore, and it is the belief that another
day of gladness to the poor of the city
will be possible again this year. The
excursion will run to Wilmington Is
land.
I'VE will take as many children as
we can this year" said Sapt. Paul
Werner of the Salvation Army yester-
day. The cost of the trip will be very
heavy, and we have to begin as early
as possible to appeal to our good peo-
pie in Savannah and keep our friends
in mind of the needs of the work. 1t
is not for ourselves we are pleading,
but for the little ones and mothers who
are worthy of this treat. We intend
TO do the work gladly for the Mas
ters sake and for humanity.
I'VE hope our friends will send in
their donations as early as possible,
as we have to arrange matters ahead
of time. We desire through the col
umns of your paper to thank the kind
friends who have helped US.
The tickets are ready and may be
had at headquarters free Of charge"
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
GARDEN
AND HOUSEHOLD
FARM,
By S. A. COOK.

An Acre Cultivated 'IntenseIy."
II is wonderful what a quantity of
vegetables can be grown in the course
of twelve months on an acre of land
made as rich as it can be. 1t is only
gardeners of ripe intelligence and long
nractical experience who knows what
such an acre is and what it is worth.
The average Southern farmer of to-
day has never seen or cultivated such
an acre. The ideal rich acre of the
farmer is one that will make bale
OF cotton or 100 bushels of corn be-
tween February and November. AS
ordinary cropping goes, an acre that
will produce such a crop may well be
regarded as good land But the in
tensive gardener of experience knows
that it is possible to make an acre so
rich that with proper and rapid ro-
tation will produce two to three crops
of value during a period of twelve or
fifteen months time, the aggregate
value of which will be five to twenty
times greater than the one that yields
only a bale of cotton or 100 bushels
of corn in a season.
The best that intense manuring and
cultivation on one acre has done thus
far with a single crop on Southern
soil was in cotton. five bales; in corn,
300 bushels; in sweet potatoes, 1000
bushels Now an acre producing such
returns in ordinary field crops imag-
inc what the money returns would be
if the same had been ntelligently
cropped with celery or caulihowers or
strawberries, or asparagus, or even
spinach, young beets or onions or cab
bage.
Ii every farm had its brag, rich
acre where every effort was made to
maintain, if not increase, its fertility
each year, and it was kept constantly
planted with these high-priced food
crops that are even in demand by the
rich, it would certainly add much to
the income of farmers and develop the
spirit of intense culture as nothing
else would. The farmer that never
got more than $40 from an acre can
hardly realize that it is very posi-
BILE thing to clear $500 from such an
acre when once IL is made rich, as it
can be in the course of three or four
years with stable manure and pea
vines. Put money in thy purse" may
be rendered put humus In thy SOIL"
and make it everlastingly rich.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13

have said, but when kept in a pile is
likely to lose a great deal of ammo
MIA as 1t develops heat rapidly, as
does horse manure. Horse manure
is very light in texture and freely adj
mits the entrance of air. This gives
II a supply of oxygen, which in COM
bining with the carbon produces heat.
1t is therefore likely to lose a large
amount of its fertilizing value if not
taken care of in time. The urine Of
the horse is especially rich in fertil
izing elements. Cattle manure is very
watery, but compact and decomposes
slowly, developing little heat in so
doing. Its value is regulated largely
by the kind of food being fed the
cattle, as is true to some extent of
the manure from all animals. The
manure from poultry is richer than
that from most four-footed animals.
This is due to two causes. One
is that the urine is voided with the
solid portions, and the other that
fowls are fed rich food
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13

give better results than those obtained
from clover alone.
Cowpeas and soy beans are OF great
value for fattening hogs. These plants
afford feed for swine when they need
a change from clover. Alfalfa may be
fed green or it may be mown, cured
and fed to them in the midwinter. Rape
also has many friends among swine
raisers, who make great claims as to
results obtained from feeding it. 1 do
not think there is any crop that will
excel rye for winter pasture. 1t should
be sown early and given a good start
before winter sets in. There are times
when it is not the best policy to let
swine have access to rye. An OCCASION
al run on this forage, however, will
bring good returns
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
LADIES OF THE MAcCABEES
Have a Decision rendered by the
MICHIGAN supreme Court.

f1hVG ~ DCClstOh w INV
Michigan Supreme Court.
Chicago June lat is announced by
officials here of the Ladies of the Mac
cabees of the World that in the case
of the Great Hive of Ladies of the
Macca bees of the state of Michigan, VS.
the Supreme Hive of the Ladies of the
Maccabees of the World, the Supreme
Court of the latter state has decided
that the ritual, secret work and
paraphernalia for comforting the de-
grees in one organization may not be
used by a competing organization in
the field occupied sby it. This is re-
garded as a victory for the Supreme
Hive and the Ladies of the Maccabees
Of the World, otherwise known as the
l.. o. 7. M. o. T. w.
In compliance with this decision the
first named organization has reorgan-
lied on an entirely different basis with
different ritualistic work, etc. 1t has
adopted the name of the Ladies of the
Modern Maccabees and will use the
letters Il. o. T. NJ. M" The two
organizations will be entirely indepen-
dent of each other.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
CoLUMBIA'S WATER SUPPLY.
COmmission Appointed by City to
Settle the Question.

Settle the Question.
Columbia, S. c., June 12.-This COM
munity is greatly stirred over the ques-
ton of water supply. One element
desires that the city shall continue to
use the water of the Congaree river.
This water has for years without doubt
been a serious obstacle to the CONNER
cial growth of the city. In rainy wealth
er it becomes muddy and the people of
Columbia are forced to use a liquid of
about the color of the yellow Tiher."
The advocates OF its continuance urge
the installment of a filtration system
to clarity it, They hold that the va
ter is hygienically pure and free of dis
ease germs Another element urges
the use of the water of Congaree Creek,
which would involve the purchase OF
its watershed. This creek is on the OPP
posite side of the river from the city,
and its waters would have to be con-
veyed across the river by an aqueduct
Its advocates maintain that from II an
abundant supply of the purest water
could be obtained, and that the cost
would be less than that of the installa-
tlon of an adequate filtration system Tor
the waters OF the Congaree. Their ar
euments are strongly fortified by en-
sineers' estimates. Meanwhile the mat
ter rests for the present In the hands OF
a commission appointed by City Coun-
ell.
The local newspapers TEEN with let
tiers from citizens writing on the one
side or the other. and numerous sdg-
gestions for a water supply with q die-
ferent source than either OF those mem
toned are made. However. Il is rea-
sonably certain that the question lies
between conGaree river and congaree
eTeak waters,
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
Lieut.. j. A. Thomas, U. S. A., Pro-
NOTED.

Mr.. James A. Thomas, a former Sa-
MAMMALIAN, has just been commissioned
first lieutenant, Artillery Corps, U. S.
A. He is now at Fortress Monroe, but
will leave there for regular duty about
Aug. Is. Lieut.. Thomas was promoted
after a rigid examination, for which
he prepared himself in the artillery
school at Fortress Monroe. Lieut..
Thomas has a wide circle of friends in
Savannah, to whom the news of his
nromotion will be gratifying.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
THREE SMALL
HOUSES BURNED.

Fire was discovered in a one-story
house on Frank street, between OFT
street and Waters avenue, this morn
ing shortly before o'clock. An alarm
was sent in from box PIP at Gwinnett
and OFT streets. The fire had gained
considerable Roadway before the fire.
men reached the scene, and the house
in which it started and two adjoining
houses were burned.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
BUSINESS LOCALS.

Handsomely framed pictures under
lsx20 glasses for IS cents each. Neatly
framed pictures under sxi0 glasses for
2b cents each. Mouldings for cents
a foot that others are selling DOT
cents. Portraits for si.76 that Others
are making for IS. A. Laaevensh
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
Two shows for the Casino.

There will be a change in the bill at
the Casino in the middle of this week.
"A Turkish Texan" will be presented
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday,
matinee and night, while THE Reason
Why will be given for the remainder
of the week, including matinee Sat
urday. The company for this week is
said to be a good one. The plays are
clever. and good entertainment is ex-
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
WILL EXTEND THE ROAD

II the Country Is Not SO Rugged as
10 Forbid IL.
Mexico City. June Eff the plans
OF the Chihuahua and Pacific Railroad
are not impossible of completion by
reason OF the ruggedness OF the coun-
try from the Sieria Madre 10 the Pacific
coast, the road will be extended 70 the
west coast in the direction northeast
from Guerrero and Chihuahua. cross
ing the Great Divide at Temosachic.
This statement n authorized by Will
liam X. Ryan Of New York Of the
nrm Of Ryan and Dudley who are
building the extension from Minaco 20
TeBlOeachle. The road 10 mainly owned
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
KEEP YOUR Feet cool.


Royal Wash need 1t will feet
II
Eaton Drug for full postpaid sample
OF Foot pleased
application aching
",
GEARD, i70S T. Church Street gaeksonyfne, Fla.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
BUSINESS LOCALS.

Best bargains IN city property by ".
J. Miscaliy. Jr., 20 Bryan street You
VIII consult your own interest By see.
ing him for fun particulars.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
HOTEL DENNIS,

Atlantic City, n. J.
Every known resort attraction and
convenience for summer guests. Golf
course in superb condition. The Den
mis-. directly facing ocean and famous
boardwalk, is literally appointed and
conducted. Hot and cold sea water in
private baths. Walter J. Buzby.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
LOCAL PERSONALS.

Mr.. H r. Smith of Blundale, a naval
stores operator, is in the city at the
Pulaski House.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13

va . Ola ~ q III III u &c
the trouble. If 1t
is a feeling of lam
guor, of loss of ap-
petite, OF sleepless-
ness. Of pimply and
sallow skin, of ex-
c l t a b | lily a n d
twitching. then II
is more than likely
that national dis
ease, neurasthenia,
or nervousness. 1t
is possible that you
may not consider
yourself nervous,
and rynf ,1Hrxe.s,
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13

BROAD OAKS, A CHARMING
summer home; all comforts good table,
two miles west from HendersonVille,
Shaw's Creek road. Address. Mrs. W.
j. Davis, Hendersonville, N. C.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13

ed and Most Re- NAV nrove that 70
liable Specialist. be a fact. The in
side nerves are in a state of inf1amma-
ton and this interferes with the
functions of the blood, stomach and
heart, makes you weak and easily
tired. Consequently you have little de-
sire to eat and you cannot sleep, and
the little sleep that you do get is un-
refreshing. Ifsa man, and you allow
this state of affairs to continue, you
will end UP as a sexual weakling and
a woman, train of those diseases
affecting the womb, ovaries and mu-
cous membranes of the parts will fol-
low. The nerves require feeding Just
the same as the stomach, and if the
functions of your various organs are
impaired the nerves starve and thew
rebel by disordering your system.
Nerve tonics" and things of that
kind will not do-they are mere
temporary makeshifts. What you need
Is a full and complete treatment from
a specialist of the standing of DR..
Hathaway after. he has made a care
full study and diagnosis of your case.
This he will do free of charge. He has
written a scholarly book on the SUBJ
ject of neurasthenia, which he will be
glad to give you In person or to send
you on receipt of your name and ad-
dress. This booklet will prove to you
that he can cure you permanently of
these diseases.
j. NEWTON HATHAWAY, M. d..
rs A Bryan street, Savannah. Ga
once hours: 9 a. m. to II M, 2 to
s. to 0 p. m. Sundays 10 a. m. to
ID. m.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-06-13
RHEUMATISM CURED.

by Grant B. Schley, the Morton Trust
Company and Oliver H Payne Of New