davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09
Daily Statement.

Galveston-Steady; middllng 15 5-16c; sales, 56; receipts. 6s9S; stock, 42s11.
 Molie-Steady; middllng. 15Ac; sales. 300: receipts. 65: stock, 101s2.
 Savannah-Quiet; middling, 157sc; sales, 95; receipts 5S6; stock, 56,S49.
 Charleston-Firm: middllng, 15xc; re- ceipts. 55; stock, 6794.
 Wilmington-Steady; middling. 15c; re- ceipts. Al: stock, 2S4G
 Norfolk-Receipts. 800; stock. 10.76S.
 Baltimore-Nominal middling. 16.25c; re- ceipts. 1s6: stock, 215s
 Boston-Quiet; middiing, 1s.5oc; receipts, net. 172; stock, 1557
 Philadelphia-Steady; middling, 1s. .5oc; receipts. 224; stock. 23s7.
 St. Louis--Steady; middling, 15Mc: re- ceipts 51s6; stock. 22.396.
 Memphis-Quiet; middling. 15Ac; re- ceipts 1765; shipments. 3a5i; sales, 22oO; stocks 5s,160.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09

Baltimore, March S.-Sesboard Air Line common, 10610A; do. preferred 17q17A; do. As bonds, nothing doing.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09

house. 40c: Georgia cane, 33c.
 Beans-Navy, s265 per bushel; Lima. Go pound.
 Pearl Grits-92 pounds. $1.s5.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09
Local stapIe orocerles.

fEVIdI StdPIc 0TOCcTIcos Apples-Weste evaporated. 7nsc. Flour-Fancy patent. s6: half patent, $5.65. Sugar-Granulated. Fsc; Y. C.. 4zc. Coffee-Green. sN012azc; Arbuckle's. Porto Rico. ,t1260. Meats-Dry salted ribs. sMc; dry salted rib bellies, Sssc: hams, fancy. 13Ac: medi- um. 1211c; extra clear. sac; bacon bellies. He. Z
 Lard-Leaf, 8Hc
 Compound Lard-Snowflake, 7Mc. Mo!asses-CsntriruxaL B@1c; ruEAz
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09
Naval stores.

Savannah, March s.-Turpentine firm, bB1zc sales, TOT; receipts 80: exports. 60. Eosin firm; sales, 2l2e; receipts. 1ss5;' ex-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09
se,117,721.34
$6,11z721.34

HARDING, President l. H. WOODWARD, w. CRAWFORD, A. R FORSYTH Assistant DIRECTORS: r. T. Moore M Tutvler w Brown A. H. Woodward William H. Walker Nabers, T. F. Melton Robert Jemison F. j. H. Barr Woe-Presldent w. p a. Harding. President
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09
rhn cnffee Markef.
The Metal Market.

New York, March s.-spot Rio steady; No. !, invoice, s-16c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09

Dry coods. New York, March s-Buyers are prac-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-09
pRs. pcz.ER 6 COTS

l MEDico-SURGIcAL INSTITUTE, Cor. 1st ave. & 21st St.
 BlRM INGHAM, ALABAMA,
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1904-08-19

lions Of Mr.. H. w. Henshaw, the we'll
known naturalist of Hilo, Hawaii. The
writer has not observed evidences OF
migration among the species of mos
quitoes occurring in these Islands. In
variably the source of mosquitoes in
Testing any district has been found TO
be nearby natural and artificial col
lections of water. usually artificial col
lections in the immediate vicinity. Mr.
Henshaw in speaking of invasions of
mosquitoes says in letter to the
writer:
so far as my own observations ex-
tend such accidental invasions of mos
quitoes are rare in these Islands, the
insects here as a rule being extremely
local. Nevertheless that such aeciden-
tai dispersal of the pests in the Islands
does actually occur is proved by an in
stance in point which came under my
personal observation in June, 1899, at
Pahala, kau (Island of Hawaii). Mr.
c. NJ. Walton, the then manager of the
plantation. informed me that prior to
the visitation of the pests about to be
described. mosquitoes were practically
unknown about the village; if found
at all it was in such small numbers as
nets were unknown.
I'm the spring of 1899 there was an
unusual quantity of waste water from
the mill and this ran down to the flats
about a mile below and there formed
series of small ponds aggregating a
considerable expanse of shallow water
Not long after the formation of the
ponds swarms of mosquitoes made their
appearance about the mill and in all
the dwellings, evidently brought there
by the strong trade winds which blew
directly from the ponds At the time
of my visit the mosquitoes (Culex
dusk and soon rendered life a burden
and sleep impossible except under nets
which every householder had been com
PEELED to provide for every bed.
a few days later I visited the Ka-
papala Ranch. distant from Pahala
about four miles in al air line and about
five miles from the ponds in question
and there found a similar state of al
fairs. Mr. Julian Monserratt, mana
ger of the ranch, told me that the in
vasion occurred at the same time as
at Pahala prior to which no mosqui-
toes had been seen at or near the ranch
headquarters where, indeed, there was
no possible breeding place for them.
Unquestionably the clouds of mos
quitoes originated in the same ponds
below Pahala and We're carried by the
trade winds not only to Kapapala but
for miles over the surrounding country
OoO~O~Jt~C~O~O~ 80
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1904-08-19

in the direct track of the breezes. At
Pahala at least, the colonization has
proved to be permanent as here, as
elsewhere on cane plantations where
water fumes are in use, leaky Tunes
form small pools at many points along
their track which make ideal breeding
places for mosquitoes.
AT the time 1 speak of, COMPARE
lively little information had reached
the general public in relation to the
methods of abating the mosquito nuis-
ance. though Mr.. Walton had tried ex-
periments with kerosene on some of the
pools, if 1 remember correctly, with
poor success and they had been aban-
doned. With our present knowledge of
the use of the heavy crude petroleuns
it cannot be doubted that prompt and
regular treatment of the ponds in ques-
ton with proper oil. together with fire.
quent inspection and treatment about
the village itself. would have abated
the nuisance within a reasonable time.
In eternal vigilance and in prompt
remedial measures alone les safety
from mosquitoes in the tropics
Mr.. Henshaw has since informed the
writer that the ponds mentioned are
quite exposed and unsheltered by vege-
tation. and agrees with the writer that
had the ponds been surrounded by
trees or had vegetation interviewed TO
which the insects could have chung for
shelter the distribution would not,
probably. have been so widespread.
The Food of Adult Mosquitoes
Their food consists Of the blood of ami
mails and the juices of plants and
fruits. Mosquitoes are normally plant
feeding insects and only the female is
a blood feeding insect when that is OBJ
tainable. The male satisfies his appe-
tite on the juices of fruits or other
liquids since the proboseis is not con-
structed. as is that of the female. for
piercing anything with any degree of
resistance. as the skin of animals or
the epidermis of plants. Howard says,
speaking of female mosquitoes: cit is
safe to say that only an inf1nitesimal
proportion Of them ever taste the blood
of a warm blooded animal"
Mosquitoes and Disea se.-The great
est impetus to the warfare against
mosquitoes was given by the recent
positive den1onstra tons that certain
species are the carriers of disease, that
is. the agents (gerns) responsible for
the disease are parasitic to certain
mosquitoes during an intermediate
stage in their developmentaI cycle In
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1904-08-19

burning of insect powder. These reme-
dies bring only temporary relief and
do not remove the source of the nui-
sance The Importance, then of not
allowing mosquitoes to develop beyond
the pupal or final aquatic stage is evil
dent. No practical method of destroy
ing adult mosquitoes is known.
The length of the life of adult mos
quitoes varies. 1t is difficult to get
insects TO repeat correctly in confine-
ment what their Iife-history and habits
would be under natural conditions;
therefore the length of the life of the
adult cannot be determined by expert
ment. AS a rule the males of insects
do not live any great length of time
after maturity, and the females die
soon after depositing their eggs. In
a tropical country, like Hawaii, where
no difficulty is encountered by the
gravid female in securing favorable
breeding places throughout the year,
the length of the adult life is probably
at the most only a matter of several
weeks. In cold countries the male mos
quitoes are known to die in the early
winter and the females hibernate dur
ing the cold season. period of sew
for egg-laying prevail
Migrations OF Mosquitoes.-The adult
mosquito is very feeble flyer and is
usually found in the vicinity of its
breeding place. Instances are on rec
ord where mosquitoes have been car
ried in large numbers for long dis
tances by the wind but invasions from
one locality 10 another are exceptional.
IT is we'll known that IN windy 5ax-s
mosquitoes are less in evidence and the
general belief is that they "have been
blown out to sea" It is evident from
the structure of their organs of flight
that mosquitoes cannot long endure in
a high wind. In an infested locality.
mosquitoes are always in evidence i'm
mediately after a wind subsidies, es-
pecially in places where the vegetation
is abundant. in the foliage of which
they seek shelter from the wind. Smith
says that the habits of mosquitoes in
regard TO their flying any distance
varies with the different species. He
discusses a saltwater species, Culex
sollicitans. which Is apparently a true
migratory form. 1t can be stated with
out qualifications that the source OF
mosquitoes is generally the immediate
vicinity of the infested places
The above statement is subject TO
exceptions as proved by the observa-
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1904-08-19
MOSQUITOES IN HAWAII.
(U. S. BuIetn)
BY D. L. VAN DINE.
Gu. S. Bulletin
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

changes in form. structure ana naplts.
One can certainly detect no resem olance
between the wriggling larva OF the
mosquito in the water and the adult
winged insect in the air. In the hlgn-
err animals there are no distinct Pc
RODS or stages of development The
young on Matching from the egg or at
birth resemble the parent with the ex>
ception that they are smaller IN size
and undeveloped, but as growth con-
tinues they gradually acquire the size
and characteristics Of the adult. The
life history ot insects, on the other
hand, is, generally speaking, divided
into three distinct stages after hatch
ing from the egg: the young or larVa,
the growing stage in the life OF the
insect; the pupa. period of develop
nent during which q wonderful change
or transformation in the form, struc-
ture and habits occurs: and the adult
or winged insect. the form We usually
recognize.
The eggs of the common mosquito,
Culex. are deposited on the surface of
standing water Under the right con-
ditions of temperature they hatch in
about twenty-four hours. The larvae
develop to their full size in the course
of eight to fourteen days during which
time they moult or cast off their outer
covering several times to provide for
increase in size. The development of
the larvae depends on the temperature
of the water and the food supply. Their
food consists of the plant and animal
matter. often microsco-ica1 in size,
common to standing water.
The pupa Of the MOSQUITO is also
aquatic. normally resting inactive at
the surface. This is the period during
which. the MOSQUITO transforms from
an aquatic insect to one of the air.
The young or growing stage has passed.
The pupa takes no food and moves on
ly when disturbed as matter of pro-
lection. The pupal stage is much
shorter than the larval. In two or
three days the pupa transforms to the
adult mosquito and becomes the noto-
rious household pest, the entire life
cycle being a matter of eleven to eigh-
teen days.
The only remedy for adult mosqui-
toes is protection by screening, or the
O~C~O~O~O~O~O~ C~O~O~OeQ~O~-
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1904-08-19

common species of the genus and the
mosquito whose life-history and habits
are most generally known. This mos
quito is reported from all parts of the
United States and is recorded by The
obald as occurring generally in Europe
Breeding Places.-The places chosen
by the female of this species for de-
posting her eggs are many and varied.
There is, however. a decided preference
for certain places. When there is a
choice between water containing a sup
ply of decomposing vegetable of ami
NAL matter and uncontaminated water
the insect will invariably choose the
water containing the organic matter,
serving as it does as food for the young.
The above fact was nicely shown in
observations at the Station last year.
Several attemps had been made the
previous year to dig a cess-pool. The
nearness of the rock to the surface of
the ground necessitated abandoning
several sites. Two of these We're deep
enough to retain the surface water
which drained into them. The yard
boy used one of these depressions to
throw the sweepings of the yard-grass.
leaves, weeds, etc. When the writer
made a survey of the Station grounds
to locate the breeding places of mos
quitoes these two places were found
within two hundred feet of the labor
atory. A person could. however. walk
within a few feet of either place and
not observe the presence of water. so
dense was the growth of vegetation a
bout them. The larger one, contain
ing the decaying refuse, was about six
feet across and its greatest depth was
a little over one foot. The water of this
pool was literally a living mass of
wrigglers or the young of mosquitoes.
a small ladle. used for collecting lar
vac. was dipped into the center of the
pool and over two hundred larvae by
actual count were obtained by the one
operation. The capacity of the ladIe
was three ounces. On the following
morning, January Is. 1903 the writer
collected one hundred and eighty-fve
egg clusters from the surface of this
pool An egg-cluster is the product of
one. female and contains from two hun
dred to three hundred eggs.
The other excavation, somewhat
smaller in diameter. did not at first
appear to contain wrigg1ers but closer
observation showed that larvae were
present though not in numbers COM
parable to the first pool When re-
CONTINUED on page Sd
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1904-08-19

fact it has been proved in the case of
yellow-fever and malaria that without
certain species of mosquitoes as hosts,
the life-cycle of the organisms respon-
s1bie for the disease is interrupted. This
has changed the mosquito problem from
one of discomfort alone to one of health
also The most complete work in pre-
Ventive medicine is the result of ex-
periments along these lines. That yell
low-fever and malaria are conveyed
from diseased persons to healthy peo-
pie by the bites of certain species of
mosquitoes is an acknowledged fact in
recent medical literature.
Aside from yellow-feyer and malaria,
mosquitoes are credited with the dis
semination of elephantiasis, filariasis,
and possibly the dengue fever and lep-
rosy The relation of certain insects to
diseases, both plant and animal, is a
study which in the future will do much
to prevent their present serious work
THE COMMON HAWAIIAN MOS
QUITOES.
(The specimens from which the deter
limitations were made were forward
ed to Dr. o. L. Howard. Entomolo-
gist of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. and were ex-
amined and reported upon by Mr..
d. w. Coquillett of the Division of
Entomology
The abundant mosquito in Hawaii,
known locally as the might mosquito,
is a species of the well known genus
Culex, Culex pipiens Linn All mem
bers of this genus taken generally
from the Islands of Hawaii, Maui, Ca
hu and Kauai belong to this one spe-
cies. The vicious day" mosquito
proved to be dangerous Cuban yellow
fever mosquito, Stegomyia fasciata
Fabr. (This species is recorded from
these Islands by Grimshaw under the
name Culex taeniatus WED. Fauna
Hawaiiensis. Diptera. Vol. III, Part
1, p. So Another species of this genus,
Stegomyia Scutellaris Walker, occurs
here but is not so abundant in the
towns and cities as the former species
and. being found to a great extent
breeding in small natural collections of
water in the forest, such as the leaves
of plants and the hollow decayed
stumps of trees and branches, it is re-
tinguish it locally from the yellow
fever species.
The Abundant Mosquito, Culex pipi-
ens.-The members of the genus Culex
are distributed generally over the world
and seem to be limited by neither al
titude nor climate. The species so
abundant here Culex pipiens, is the
O~O>O~O~O~O~O~O ~O~O>AIeO~Oe
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22

Chairman Jones has a crew of
men working on the road east of
town.
Anton Kufner has been grant
ed a saloon license by the town
board and will open up a saloon
in his new building on Main
Street Oct. /.
w. G. Luhrsen, the Launa
jeweler, has a card in the AD-
vERTIsER this week. Mr.. Luhr-
sen is an experienced jeweler
and is doing good business.
Give him trial.
Fl. b. McNab came up from
Manitowoc Tuesday and has
formed a partnership with Au-
gust Neuman to cut stove wood
this winter. They have purchased
a drag g-saw and gasoline engine
and will commence work at once.
The timber will be gotten from
Neuman's farm They are en-
ploying five men at the present
time
The church fair given at Jeck-
Inns hall Wednesday and Thurs
day by the ladies of the Catholic
congregation was decided sue
cess. The things offered for sale
were disposed off. Prizes were
won by Mrs. r. F. Moore, Mrs.
Ed Moore and G.. Schlagenhauf.
The dance and supper Thursday
night was attended by large
crowd and enjoyed by all The
congregation realized the sum OF
S155. .O4 as result. The committee
in charge hereby extends thanks
to all who gave their assistance
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22

Chas. Wettstein has sold his
residence'on Cecil Avenue to
Richard Lambrecht of Gillett
Mr.. and Mrs. Lambrecht moved
here a short time ago and have
taken possession of their new
home. Mr. Wettstein is building
a NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. on his lot
adjoining his former home.
Priebe and Lopan are doing the
work.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22

The G.. w. Jones Lumber com
pany is erecting a planning mill,
just across the railway track
fromtheir saw mill. The building
is As by 90 feet and will be fitted
with new machinery, which is
expected to be here the latter
part of this week. The mill will
run this fall and will furnish en-
ployment for fifteen men. T. 0.
Rusch is experimenting the con
etructiou of the mill.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22
Society.

FOREST LODGE NO. 116s. NJ. B. A
Meets ev-ry Monday evening, at the
N b. A. Hall, at 5 o'clock p. m. Visit
ing brothers arc cordially invited.
WM. SEIDEL, Pres. j. E. HIMLEY, Secy.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22

G.. r. Rusch, who has conduct
ed a meat market here the past
year, has closed out his dizziness
and left for Wausau last week
with view of locating there. 1t
is reported that a butcher from
Milwaukee is making arrange
ments to open up a shop here.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22

Wabeno is now the head quar-
ters of two section crews. The
railway company having ap-
pointed Leo Fitzgerald of Lake
wood foreman OF crew to work
north of here. w. j. Kruse, who
has been here for some time, has
chargeof the crew working south.
Mr.. Fitzgerald has purchased a
lot north of the track of Chas.
Folkman and is erecting q home
on the same.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22
School Board Proceedings.

Board met at the Office OF the
Secretary to audit bills and trans
act such other business as may
legally come before the board.
Meeting called to order by John
Gayhart, president, at 2 o'clock
p. m. All members present.
The following bills were or
motion allowed.
Miner Bros. material Carter school III
E Hemenway .94
John Clark wood 4.50
A. G. Russell freight, express,
sec. fees and postage 25.s7
j. E. Himley printing, stationery 1882
Mrs, F. w Goldy cleaning school 200
G ii Hagen 27 cords wood and
placing black boards 3S.3S
Philip Dean bal. on plans and
specifications 5000
Mrs. Eenz cleaning school 200
VIM Rummel hauling supplies
to Rummel school 200
Emily Hagen cleaning school 200
Am. Book Co. text books 5.76
c. Jecklin material and labor 37.70
Peter Braun wood 400
Mrs. A KoSet debt of old town
boarding pupil $3.50
Frank EoS,]icl- wood M
Mrs, A. g. Russell cleaning schools 600
On motion board adjourned
sine die. A. G. RUSSELL,
Secretary.
Wabeno, Wis, April II, 1904.
Board met at the Office of the
Secretary pursuant to call and
was called to order by President
John Gayhart.
Board instructed the secretary
to offer Attorney John Hooper
Twenty five dollars as legal ad-
wiser, for the following year. If
board becomes involved in a law
suit, attorney to receive extra pay
Bids were received for fencing
Rummel school grounds, the con.
tract awarded to Peter Braun for
$3.50.
The following bills were on
motion allowed.
Mrs. Lenz cleaning school, jan,
: Feb, March and April 400
Mrs. Cora Russell cleaning two
schools in Wabeno, Feb, march 500
A. G. Russell board meeting 200
John Gayhart " 200
w. B. st. John 4" :" 200
On motion board adjourned
sine sine. A. G. RUSSELL,
Secretary.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22

FOR SALE-House and two
lots on Cavour Ave. Apply to
Himley or Ed Moore, Wabeno.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1904-09-22
Town Board Proceedings.


The supervisors of the town of
| Wabeno met for the purpose of
organizing and auditing bills and
such other business as may le-
gally come before the board.
Board called to order by NJ. D.
Jones, chairman. All members
present.
Notice of refusal to act as con
stable had been filed by John
Carlson with the clerk.
On motion John Carlson's re-
fusal to accept the Office of con-
stable was accepted by the board.
On motion the board appoint
ed Fred Gaiser constable for the
uneXpired term.
The following resolutions were
adopted all members voting aye
Be 1t Resolved that the town
board of supervisors of the town
Of Wabeno grant license in said
town for pool tables, pigeon hole
tables and billiard tables and on
bowling allies according to Sec.
819 A. Laws of 1898.
The license fee fixed on pool
tables, pigeon hole and billiard
tables shall be Five $500 Dol
lars for each one in use, and for
bowling allies Ten $1,000 Dol
lars for each one in use.
Resolved that the town clerk
be authorized to purchase all re-
cord books and blanks necessary.
On motion board adjourned un-
til l; 80 o'clock p. m.
Board met pursuant to ad-
journment and called to order by
M. d. Jones chairman, All mem.
bers present.
On motion the board of super,
visors, fixed. the town clerks sal,
airy at Two Hundred $500, ,00)
Dollars for the ensuing year and
Fifteen (S15.00) Dollars per town,
for making the tax roll.
On motion the following bills
were allowed and the chairman
and clerk authorized to draw or
ders in payment for same.
+. o. Rush board of health meet. 200
M. ID. Jones " g g 200
G.. w. Marshall q 4" 200
A. Mueller 81 f'' 200
M. d. Jones ballot box and booth,
board meeting SIG
G.. w. MARSHALL board meeting 2.s4
Andrew mueller i 2.s4
On motion board adjourned.
F. o. Rusch,
Town Clerk.