davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
AN AWFUL TRAGEDY.
Girl Dragged From q Buggy a Short
Distance From Manor.
HER THROAT Is CUT.
Body of Miss, Lula Ssnborg, Sixteen
FEARS Old, Found In Thicket by
a Cousin and By the Corpse
Tools Of a Barber.

Manor. Tex. April 22.--One OF the
most awful affairs ever known In this
section occurred Thursday afternoon
about O'Clock within less than a
mile Of the depot at this place. Miss
Lula Sanborg was stopped while driv-
ing near the wilberger creek bridge.
on the New Sweden road. and dragged
from her buggy and brutadly murdered.
When found her body was in a
thicket about forty yards from the
buggy with an awful cash in her
throat from ear to ear. Her cousin.
who was not far behind her. probably
ten minutes, found her horse and bug
gy near the bridge. There was a mans
coat on the ground and a small box
containing kit OF BARRIERS tools.
The coat had a memorandum book
with the name of Henry Simmons in
It The kit of tools also had this name
on it. AS soon as her cousin discover
ed these he made haste TO Manor and
a posse went with him TO where he
had found the buggy. They soon found
the body of the unfortunate girl. face
down with throat cut A large crowd
every direction
The supposed fiend is a mulatto
about IS years old. a barber and rather
impudent He had been seen here
Wednesday and Thursday. and negroes
say he tried to stop some girls of
their race but they ran off.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
WlFE'S CHARGE.
Says Her Husband, Clergyman,
Tried 10 Stranqie Her.

New York, April ga sensation was
been created in church circles at Eliza
beth. n. J., by application from the
wife of the Rev. Or. George Buckle
for warrant on the charge that her
husband had attempted to xii. her as
she lay in bed ill.,
DIR. Buckle has been pastor OF the
Greystone Presbyterian church more
than twenty years. Among the wor-
shippers there are numbered many
leading citizens of Elizabeth A few
hours before application was made for
the warrant. Mrs. Buckle says her hus-
band returned to the parsonage and
begged forgiveness After talking for
awhile. she says. he entered his studio.
opened "a strors box. and. taking seCu-
rites valued at So. OO0 disappeared.
The police OF New York Washington.
Richmond, Va, and other nearby cities
have been notified
Mrs Buckle says DR. Buckle took a
towel which he soaked in hot water,
and while she was lying on the bed
suffering with headache. he endeav-
or@d. under preteuse of bathing her
head 20 strange her
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
ATTORNEY eENrRAL oLxEY.

Josiah Quincy voted that the unit rule
govern not only the support Of Mr.. Oh
ney. but all matters pertaining to the
convention
The platform adopted consisted OF 2
single pIank--an endorsement OF Mr..
Oiney's candidacy and instructions to
tka delegates 10 vote as unit for him.
The proceedings Of the convention were
marked AT times by scenes OF the great
est turbulence
After adjournment Mr.. williams is
sued a statement In which he said that
the action OF the convention in adopt
ing the unit rule was a rank absurdlty
from beginning to end. and that the
district delegates would pay no stten-
ton 10 the vote.
IT they are Instructed" he said by
their own conventions they viii act ac-
cordtngly. II they are uninstructed
they Will vote according to their own
will and the national convention will
not for a moment give consideration
to to-days convention"
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
RESERVES RIGHTS.
This Government Has Duly Notified
the Russian Foreign Minister.

This Government Nas Duly Notified
the Russian Foreign Minister.
ST. Petersburg. April 22.--Foreign
Minister L-ansdory has been notified
thar the United States reserves all
the rights she may have under inter
national law IN the event Of any
American citizens being affected by
Eusala's decision In the case Of the
war CORES pondsnts using wireless tel
egrApay. This notification does not
involvs a protest against Russia's
course; II simply reserves whatever
rights may exist IN regard to the yst
unaajuaicat@a question OF the use Of
the wireless teiegraphy in time of war.
United States Commercial Agent
Greenes. at vtadlvcstoik. has been In
str4ets9 through Ambassador McCor-
mick 70 inform the japanese consul at
the island Of Sakhs1in. that a vessel
Will he sent 20 the island TO take back
Tn Jaran the consular staff ard the
refugees. The arrangements for send
ing tina ship arS TO be made by Japan.
through thu authorities al Washington.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

Massachusetts Democrats win Present
Him as Candidate.

Him rs Candidate.
Boston. April s2-By an overwheIm-
ting vote the Massachusetts, Democratic
convention az fremont temple Thurs
day instructed four delegates at large
ana twenty delegates from the various
congressional districts OF the state to
support Richard oIney Of this city for
the presidential nomination at the
Democratic national convention.
Four delegates at large. pledged to
the support OF olney. were elected and
the supporters OF VIM. r Hearst Of
New York, as the presidential nomi-
nee. were defeated by a vote OF about
500 to 200 A resolution offered by Rep
resentative John A Coulthrust OF Bos-
ton endorsing the candidacy OF Mr..
Hearst was voted down by a very large
majority.
George Fred williams, the leader OF
that faction of the Massachusetts De-
mocracy supporting the candidacy of
William r. Hearst. made a vigorous
protest against the adoption of the unit
rule. but the convention. by vote of
nearly three to one refused to strike
from the platform the clause calling for
unanimous action with reference 10
presidential nominees. and after adopt
ing the resolutions presented by the
majority of its committee, on motion Of
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
TREATED AS TRAITORS.
Pilots Must Not Render Assistance to
japanese Vessels.

Pilots Must Not Render Assistance to
Japsnese Vessels.
New ChwAng. April z2.--An order is
sued by thu Russian military authori-
siaa, through the commissioner of Gus
toms here. notifying the pilots Of New
Cnwang that any pilot who gave as
siStAncs TO any japanese ship In the
waters leading 90 New Chwanx would
be bald responsible TO ths fun extent
of martial law. has been made "a sub
Jest Of inquiry OF the authorities there
Of the foreign consuls hers with regard
to the exact meaning OF the words. ITO
the full extent of martial law" To
these inquiries the Russian authorities
replied that the assisting OF japanese
ships In the waters mentioned would
subject the offending pilots TO the same
treatment given Russian subjects and
traitors. based on the fact that the
Russian authorities have declared New
Chwang to be under martial law. In
the reply to the eonsuls the authorities
affirmed further thAt on the other hand
Sian vessels or forced to leave New
Chwang. The Russian authorities hold
that under the existing martial law for
etgneFs are upon tbs same status as
Russian subjects. but the foreign con-
suls aver that foreign residents of New
ChwAng v no might assist the japanese.
can be held responsible for the acts
only as belIigereuts and cannot be re-
garded as Russian subjects
The correspondent OF the Associated
Press secured the approval of the Rus
sian censor before sending this mes
sage. although at the present time SUCH
approval Is not necessary.
Ntearoy Alexiefg has issued an Inn
port ant order. declaring the Yin Kow
railroad station and the native village
adjoining II to be within the region un-
der martial law. The station Is OPP
posite New Chwang. and II Is ter
minus OF the Pekin-Shan Hal kwan
railroad and telegraph system. The or
der also establishes a censorship over
all kilograms. the scrutiny OF passen-
gers and the inspection of their bag
gage. II IL now effective.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
Pension elll Passed

Washington. April 2s.-The pension
BIN carrying an appropriation OF over
siSI .oeo. goo and the emergency river
and hareos' appropriation bill. which
carries sa.ooo. zoe. we're passed Tuesday
by the senate. leaving only the general
deficiency and the military academy
bills OF the entire list % supply meas
ures 10 be- considered
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
TOGO TOLDTHE TRUTH
Russians Now Believe His Floating
Mines Did Blowing Up.
ALEXIEFF ADMITS TT.
Surprise Is Manifested That Torpe-
do Boats Of the Enemy We're
Mistaken For . FIetllIa -
Of the Russians.

ST. Petersburg. April 22.--A1l doubt as
TO the cause Of the destruction of the
battleship Petropaviovsk and the dam
age to the battleship Pobieda at Port
Arthur is dtssipated by the report sub
United by telegraph TO the emperor
April 81. In It viceroy Alexieff stated
In way that leaves the matter no
longer an open question that mines
were responsible for the disaster. The
admission OF the presence OF the ia
panese ships of Port Arthur on the
night preceding the going out OF the
Russian ships. which were watched by
Admiral MakarofY. tends to establish
Vice Admiral Togos claim that his
ships laid mines on which the Russian
oattIeships struck
The viceroys report was sent only
after thorough investigation. ordered
by the emperor. had been made
II was published through the war
commission. II explicitly states that
Under the starhoard side Of the Petro-
paviovsk there was an explosion. and
specifically declares that a mine ex-
ploded under the Pobieda- That the
Russian ships did not run on their own
mines is shown BY the failure OF the
viceroy 10 mention anything Of the kind
ana by the positive statement of the
port admiralty that Admiral MakaroT
was familiar with the location Of the
torpedoes defending the port The
Russian officials also f4il 70 understand
the surprising blunder caused by the
mistake o. the Russian torpedo boat
destroyers ~ taking the japanese tor
pedo boats for a Russian rotlila which
resulted In the loxs of the Strashui.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

Toxic. April 22-The war office is
flooded with thousands OF applications
from men OF every age and condition
In life for permission IL go 70 the front.
Applications come from time expired
soldiers and boys too young to emil 81
ia the army in the reErt.r manner
Ages of applicants range from four
teen To seventy. Many Of them, fol-
lowing the Sanourt custom. sign their
applications with their own blood.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
COUNTY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

For County Treasurer
A. Il. MCKsIoHT.
BIZ. AARCHBANKs.
II. T. BuRKs.
T.. ID. CRIDpLE.
For Tax Collector
0EoRoE SWEAT.
r. j. TTSGLE.
sIMP SPENCER.
wv. RUSSELL.
For County Clerk
RuFK II. HENDRICKS.
For Sheriff
JoE r. MiSSIcK.
For County Attorney
MARX SMITH.
CHARLEY PIPriS.
JNo. ID. McRAE.
For District Clerk
TON BURLEsoN.
For County Judge
r. l.. HAWKINS.
For supt. Public Instruction
j. T. BROOKS.
A. {. STILES.
h. X. PACKARD.
For Constable Precinct No. l.
BKS F. ABBOTT.
r. NJ. MCKEE.
For Commissioner Precinct A.
LRk MOORE.
The cash must accompany each
announcement. This rule will not
be deviated from.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
SEAMAN SUICIDES.
Chief 5oatswsin's Mate OF Petrol Could
Not Face CHARGES.

San Francisco April 2@-Robert
Nicholson. chief boatswaiu's mate Of
the United States gunboat Petrol after
twenty-five years honorable service
in the United States navy. shot and
killed himself here rather than face
charge Of having brought liquor IN
board the ship. Nicholson was born in
the shetland Islands sixty-four years
ago, had a good record since his endist-
ment ia 1850. and served through the
Spanish war
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
AolsTEo RRlTis4 FLAG.
Fishermen Claim They Were Eneour-
aged by Their Employers.

Maragua. April 22.-~The five tortoise
shssii fishing schoouers captured re-
Gently while In Nicaraguan waters
and taken to Bluefields had hoisted the
British flag ON one Of the small islands
of Cape Graeios- Dots Mic. The
fishermen claimed they were encour-
aged to- do so by their colonial en-
ployers- The British representative
here. I'm All interview IS quoted as say
ing in regard ~ the visit OF a British
man Of war. that she is going to Blue
fields on friendly visit to investigate
certain events.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

Parts. April ga dispatch To the
Times from ST Petersburg says the
cost OF the war up 20 April la all
branches OF the service l. officially
estimated at t4s. $50 eco. The cost ~
June 1 ain reach sleo.0ea .ooo. The al
lotment for Tune - StS.aae.soo foT the
army ana ss.eeo. aas for the navy.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

Chicago, April 2g-Mrs. Carrie Ma
ton. the saloon smasher has arrived
In Chicago and Will on next Monday
commence an engagement in = dime
museum This Is her trst appearance
IN such capacity. Her salary IL $500
week
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
MINOR MATTERS.

southern League baseball season
opened On the Stat inst
@ Hughes ~ indianapolis. Ind. sui
ciaea "a ~ PaSe with a shotgun
HtshwaYnaen held gp Bot Ramsey AZ
nssntsan sni relieved hiEa n slo
The trial - tsampaaas. rmx. a Iahn
TetiaH. gharged wtEh awwraxAtsA ergsn .
fnal sAmAA4st. resulted la . hun9 larry
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
CHARGED With NsnIsot

Chicago. April y Frank K Chand-
Ter. real estate dealer and mortgage
broker. has been arrested on IA charge
OF neglectiug to obey court order
10 turn over $l0.090 due the estate OF
ChsunCey Kilmer of saratoga. y. Y
Chandler later WAS released on $50 600
habeas corpus bonds
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

FREE SAMPLE 10 AGENT
Practical ready call device for tele-
epfQnes. Saves brain work and
hoes of time. Sells itsslf. One
sale sells dozens. Seeing 10 be-
Iieving. Send stamp. The Tele-
phone Appliance Co., One Madison
Ave, Dept. +. A. D., New York
City. "a
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
Because Of Relationship.

New York April ze-Robert r.
Roosevelt. an uncle II President
Roosevelt. who was nominated as an
elsctor by the nemocratic state con-
vention al Albany last week has de-
elined TO accept such nomination be-
cause Of his relationship Co the presi-
dent
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
HUNDREDS DROWN.
Russians Are Said 10 Be Fleeing
Across Nalu River.

London. April 22.--Correspondeut Of
the Times. cabling from New Chwang.
says that a messenger has arrived
there from YsIu river with the infor-
nation that Russians are fleeing north
across the river in overcrowded boats
and are losing hundreds by drowning.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
G, A. r. MEETS.
Over One Hundred Delegates Are In
Attendance.

San Antonio, April 22.--The nine
teenth annual encampment OF the De-
partment of Texas Grand Army Of the
Republic was called To order by Com
mander Bolton. Acting Mayor Brown
welcomed the veterans. Captain -. E.
Grove of Dallas. an Confederate.
made speech Reports snow thirty
three posts and SIS mem bers
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

To California. also 60 SC, Louis
without = change via the Texas n
Pacific Railway Ask any ticket
Axeut about this new service az write
e. Y. Turner, deaetal Passenger
Agwnt Dallas. Texas. d&S
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

Ison3on. April z4-The Teklo cor
respondent az the TelexFsph says that
Pert AFthuF - undoubtedly emeetaaliy
hsackod AMI taas exsnts are eusgaAa2t-
tnm aFsaAaA sha Aussnsd faTsFsam
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

FOR REET-Four furnished rooms
downstairs, or three furnished Sec
ond floor rooms. All modern con-
venienees. One block from square.
Apply to Fred Meredith II
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

Washington. April s4-The senate
u wxe~astvw se#stsa guungraaA ire
naHfainAahan a. FrAnki@ uaannana 10 -
postmaster At caiizxaaa. TaK.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

Mobile. Ala. April 11.-The Alabama
Medical association refused to recog .
nize IN. J. NJ. LAsdmiey. the s0Er1ew hat
caishraksd fever anA mesquite expert
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
WANT COLUMN


ONE HOUEE-For rent, two hous-
go for sale near public school. APP
ply to 8. H. Nycum's meat market.
2l-pd
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22
BATTLE OF FLOWERS.
One Of the Most Inspiring Seen For
Several Years.

san Antonio April 22,-San Jacinto
day was observed in grand style. The
streets We're thronged- The battle Of
flowers was a scene not soon to be
forgotten The parade was witnessed
by thousands of people. there being
many visitors.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

SPECIAL SALE-I have some 800
Geranium and other bedding plants
that go at half price, II sold this
week. Mrs. Dora Ray. 3l5 Dunn
street. l6-pd
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

COTTON SEED have 40 or so
bushels Territory seed for sale at
SOC per bushel. j. s. Davis. dlSwI4
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

FOR PLUMBING Phone w. A.
knight. IL
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1904-04-22

LOOK HOOK For the pantorium
for IL 10 the place To get your clothes
cleaned, repaired, pressed or dyed
ia nrst class order. Ladies tailor
ing and alterations speciality. K
Perrin a Son, South side Square,
Phone o. II
Evening journal., 1904-11-30
Delaware CITY
sneciaI To The Tvoninr M

Special to The Evening Journal.
Delaware City. Nov. "a pleasant So
cial was held last evening In the chapel OF
the NJ Z. Church by the social depart
ment of the Epworth League. After
short business session games were played
and refreshments were served. At the
business meeting plans were completed
for holding a pie social in the chapel on
Monday, December T.
Those present at the social were the
Rev. o. Z. Jones, Mrs. Jones. Mrs David
Thompson, Mrs J. II. Brewer, Miss I. O..
Davidson Miss Nan HemphiH. Miss Ad-
die Morrow Miss Maggie cain, Miss Edna
Vanheclsle Miss Nellie Davidson, Miss
Edna Silva, Miss Verta Vingate, Miss
Molie Richards, Miss Bessie Greed, Miss
Alice Cain Miss Mabel Hicken. Miss Leila
Wingate. Miss Sallie Collins. Miss Lizzie
Cleaver. Mrs. J. II. Brewer Mrs. William
IT. Hutton, r. Peacock, william Cairns.
A. r. Pennington. William Anderson.
Morton Price. George Pennington. r. T..
Williams. Elwood Anderson, Preston
Kemp William II. Hutton. George Hutch
inson.
Evening journal., 1904-11-30
DOINGS IN Il
SOCIAL WAY
Entertained Sportsmen

Fred Mammelc entertained the members
of the recent cunning trip TO Virginia at
his home. No 1902 West Eighth street last
night. having as his guests Messrs r. w.
Crook, AL Mcdowell, Homer Simmons.
Bernard J. McVey, and n. d. Cloward.
Of the regulars, and Messrs Milt Solo
mon, Patrick Barry, William Murine,
Louis Koerner George Mccall and Char
les Mammele. specially invited friends.
The evening was passed I'm most pleas
ant manner with games i'm the parlor.
followed by game i'm the dining room. at
which time the last requiem was sung to
the deer brought home by the party
Toasts Of all kinds excepting bread, were
drunk; first TO William Simmons the
host I'm Virginia; then TO MT Solomon
who was present, then to Mr.. and Mrs
Mammele, who had so Hospitality enter
tanned the sports. Mr. Mcdowell was pre-
scented with q snake. representing what
he saw most Of the time on his tap Mr.
McVey with a setter dog. which he had
exchanged on his trip; Mr.. Crook With q
rubber ball. which on being pumped with
air, took on the shape of % deer. Mr.
Simmons with a like emblem which as
sumed the shape Of a rabbit which he had
murdered and Mr.. Cloward with a toy gun
like which he had left behind. Arrange
ments were completed for another hunt
in December which will be in the lower
part Of Delaware.
Evening journal., 1904-11-30
Social and Personal Notes

Mrs. Charles Hebner, Of Alden, Pa, is
the guest Of her sister Mrs. Margaret
Chandler in Washington street.
Percival c. Gray. Of Boston. is MAX
ing his headquarters at the Clayton
House.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lewis Dill. Of Baltimore,
are the guests Of friends in Wilmington.
Miss Frances Hewlings, Of Phnadel-
phia IS the guest Of Mrs. p W. Tomlln-
son at Seventh and West streets.
Walter Bacon has returned from
cunning trip down the State.
Miss Margaret Robertson, Of Baltimore,
is the guest of Mrs. Charles King
Hugh southwick. of Philadelphia. has
been the guest u Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence
Young.
Miss Ethel Stevens Of Crumpton, Nd,
is the guest of Miss Reta Wier.
Harry Collision has returned from a
visit to his parents I'm Dover.
Mrs Homer Barry, of Cleveland is the
guest of friends in the city.
JAY Price has returned from a visit
near Townsend.
Charles C. White has been visiting his
parents in Princess Anne. Md.
William Bailey is visiting in Kennett
Square.
Miss Marguerite hartman has returned
from a visit to Chester friends.
Misses Mile and Lucy Devonshire of
Marcus Hook, have been visiting their
grandparents, Captain and Mrs. James H.
Johnson.
Mrs. Robert Campbell has returned
from Chester
Miss Gertrude Swift is visiting in Ger
mantOwn.
Miss Sarah Wilson, of Chester, who
has been visiting in this city. has re-
turned to her home, accompanied by
Miss Lizzie Gallen.
Mrs. Annie Maxwell Of Bether, is be.
ing entertained by Wilmington friends
Evening journal., 1904-11-30
MENTAL PROPS.

Various Things That Give Us Com
hdence In Ourselves.
We each have the need Of our men
tai prop" One woman tells me that
when she wishes to give decided orders
to her COOK she always puts on her
hat and gloves then, as she floats into
the kitchen surrounded by a cloud OF
dignity and courage, she feels equal to
the occasion.
Good and well fitting clothes are
props to us all and bring about a GER
tain confidence in ourselves, a sort of
mental pat you on the back, which
says, brace up, old boy; the shell is
perfect; let's hear from the kernel"
To the little school miss on the day
Of the entertainment what a prop is
the bristling blue sash.
The doctor depends much upon his
gloves. He can be busy with them
when vital or difficult questions are
asked. They are a sort OF moral safety
valve
For the bashful boy who is deprived
in the hall Of hat and gloves before en-
tering the room filled with people If
some good fairy would only hand him
book to occupy his hands so he need
only look after his feet what a prop
It would be TO him
A clergyman's prop lies in well Mt
ting vestments.
AS for the writer OF this artlcle-l
can speak with the authority of mos
intimate acquaintance-she must have
her hair arranged in the way she af
fects It and her shoes on TO cope will
life's emergencies. She finds the wag
gish old world rather a jolly place an,
loves to watch frail humanity lean
ing gently upon their mental props,
while they are happily quite uncon
scious OF her scrutiny.-Jeannett
, Young in Critic.