davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

GD HE war between England and
Russia in the early SOS was the
~ hopiDnipc %J,o

@ HE war between England and
Russia in the early SOS was the
beginning Of the development of
the ironclad-or, rs we now call 1t, the
armorclad-though not 10 either of the
combatants in that passage at arms
can the credit be given for the intro
duction of the first vessel to carry
armor. Up to the bombardment of Sc
bastopol, writes John G. Davis. in
Pennsylvania Grit, ships that were
practically those of the previous two
centuries We're in use. Naval devel
opment was practically unknown, and
1t was not until the shell was invented
that the necessity of change was
made manifest. The English ships at
Sebastopol were Of the old two and
three-decker broadslde variety, the
flagship of the squadron, the Royal
Albert, being vessel of 3,1OO tors
burden carrying 121 guns In those
days the ship with the largest number
of guns was "the best fellow pruc-
tically regardless of any other consid-
Grafton. A few of the Royal Alberts
guns were shell guns, but nearly all Of
them We're the long 32-pounders, exact
~ like those with which the Victor,
the flagship of the famous Nelson, was
armed seventy years earlier. In near
ly three-quarters of n century, there
fore. there had been little OF no real
progress in the matter of cannon. And
beyond the introduction Of steam as 4
motive power, there was very little
development in the ships. AS said be-
fore, they were the same old two and
three deckers SO familiar in the pre-
ceding century.
The Russians were the first to use
shell in warfare, and it was immedi-
ately owing to the battle of Sinopc,
Nov 80, 1858, in which Turkish feet
was annihilated by Russian feet
having shell guns that there came sud
denly Il demand for protection for
ships. The change was radical, but
it was necessary, the effectiveness Of
the shell against unarmored vessels
having been demonstrated to the salts
faction and alarm of all governments
Nevertheless, to the United States,
Great Britain and France the world
owes most of the ideas Of naval con
struction which have today apparent
ly come near perfection. The United
States began the change by applying
the screw as a means of propulsion
in place of the old side paddle wheel.
The American ship Princeton, 1872
1913, was the first war vessel in the
world to have the screw. Though our
own naval authorities saw at once the
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

when the place was evacuated; how
she but partly burned, and how she
was repaired by the Confederates who
cut her down to the waterline and ap-
piled a sloping protection of railroad
iron to her battery; how she destroyed
some of the best ships in the Federal
navy and became the terror of the
Atlantic coast and the hope of the Con-
federates; nor how the Monitor finally
appeared and stopped her in the height
of her career. These things are all ia
miliar to every person who is at all
versed in American history, the battle
ranking perhaps MS the most famous
naval fight in the world = not, Of
course, in damage inflicted, but in ulti-
mate results. For had the Merrimac
been successful the whole north coast
of the United States. with the ports of
Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and
all other cities of the shore, would
have been at her mercy. 1t may not
be Familiarity known that at the very
beginning of the war, n special naval
board was appointed todetermine upon
types of ironclads to be built for i'm
mediate service. the result being the
construction Of three broadside YES
sells. the Gnlena. the New Ironsides
and the Monitor. The Galena was
the first to be tested her armor
proving totally deficient in the very
first test. The Ironsides die better.
She was covered with 4A-inch solid
plates backed with 81 inches of oak.
During period of six months she was
struck 1913 times and was never once
forced to go to port for repairs. The
Monitor, built and designed by Cap
tain Ericsson, was derisively called by
the Confederates "a cheesebox on a
raft" She had very low freebonrd,
there being but about two feet of her
Sides out of water. Her deck and
sides We're plated, and her armament
consisted of but two 150-pounder Dahl
green's. But she had one point of SUI
periority to anything that had ever
| been placed upon the seas In the tlr-
ret which protected her guns and
which could be made to revolve, thus
permitting the guns to be fired at
whatever angle in which the ship, it.
self might be. Nothing else showed
above the deck but her funnel and ar
mored pilot house. The manner in
which she fought the Merrimac. COM
polling the latter to withdraw and
eventually go out Of service. created
positive CONSERVATION On the other side
Of the water, and there was an imme-
date demand for the conversion of
English vessels into turret ships. Work
| was at once begun, and the result ID
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

favorite for the daytime, vile slci
oftenest appears in the evening In
gowns Of black gauze or chiffon. At
Mrs. Adair's famous fancy ball shA
made sensation in a misty black robs
lii which she unprecedented Night
When Lady Westmore,and appeared
In society chaneronsd by Lady War
wick and the Duchess OF sutlierlnndt
she was voted the loveliest debutante
of the year. She is now known as enc
of the most beautiful and charming
matrons. She spends much Of Eer
time in London. but I: also Geyotjd 10
Scotland, where she rides to hounds.
fishes and hunts. Her biggest capture
on the Tweed was n salmon weighing
% pounds. Her taste in dress Is not
dependent on her dressmaker. She Is
an excellent needlewoman and en-
broidery is one Of her chief accom-
plishments.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
Natural Ice 10 Passing.

For several yearsapast the business
Of the icemnn Of former days has been
decreasing steadily. and Mt the present
rate ere long he viii find his occupa-
tion gone. 1t is no longer necessary
to wait for cold weather to secure a
supply of the refrigerating product; II
can be produced easily and cheaply In;
the warmest weather by chemical pro-
cesses.
In the State Of Maine. where in
former years the harvesting Of Ice for
market in more southern ATTITUDES was
carried to enormous proportions, the
total quantity cut during last winter,
which embraced pesfect conditions for
the securing Of large crop, was but
ass 600 tons, against 700 1000 tons gath.
cred In the winter of 1923.
The advantages offered by chemistry
and modern machinery for the pro-
duction of Ice. and the perfect control
Of temperature at whatever degree de-
sired, when and wherever needed. ir-
respective Of climatic conditions. rem.
ders their mechanical requirements
cheaper than can be obtaineI, from
natural ice when transportation from
remote districts Of storing and the
grent wastage Of original bulk through
melting4s taken into consideration In
all manufacturing necessity for cooling
and for maintaining uniform degrees
Of temperature, as well MS certainty. Of
control of such conditions. together
With their greater economy, present
systems Of artificial refrigeration are
crowding nature out of the field OF
competition and reducing the latter to
chiefly local value.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
REguEF WAS CUTTING ONE.
Fitting Retort of "NIad Poet' to an
Inpentleulnnly Remark

Fitting Retort of "NInd Poet to an
Ungentleninn1y Remark.
Many stories are told Of Mcdonald
Clarke, known fifty years ago in New
York rs the mad poet" which show
that he had vein of great shrewd-
ness, such as is often possessed by
people who are counted insane.
One day he was seated Mt table
in a New York hotel quietly eating
his simple dinner when two young
men took their seats at the same table.
Mcdonald Clarke was well-known
figure, and the young men Mt once
recognized him, though he did moi
know them.
They were not gentlemen iii the best
sense of the word. and it occurred
to them that they might have some
sport with the poor poet. Conse
quently one of them said in an un
necessarily clear tone:
Il have seen Almost everything and
everybody in New York except Nc
Donald Clarke. have great adj
vibrations for his poems, and l would
give great deal to see the man."
When he passed the mad poet
leaned forward and said with evident
qualifications:
Sir l am Mcdonald Clarke, whom
you say you wish to see."
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

not begun until II years after tie con-
tract was authorized. and when the
ship was about half completed Con-
gress refused further appropriations.
Owing to this fact, the honor of plac-
ing the first armored war ship on the
seas belongs to France, the French
ironclad frigate Gloire taking the ways
in 1850, though previously to this the
French had placed In service several
strated their power in the battle Of
Kinburn, Russian port on the Black
Sea, in 1854. These batteries were pc
culiar things, about half ship and half
fort. They had engines and they could
steam four or five knots, but they were
upon fat keels and therefore totally
unseaworthy except in the smoothest
of water. Nevertheless, they were ex-
ceedingly effective, and in his reports
of the first battle in which they We're
engaged, the admiral of the French
fleet said they had demonstrated them
selves to be everything that was hoped
for them. Anchored some 800 yards
from the Russian forts, they pounded
away until the works were reduced,
and not one of them was injured,
though each was struck GO or 20 times
by the solid shot hurled from the Rus
sian guns.
This engagement showed that recon-
struction of existing fleets was ne
cessity, and the French led the way.
The Gloirc was wooden ship $50
feet in length, plated entirely with
iron 4.5 inches in thickness to six feet
below the water line. She had ram
bow and could steam about 10 knots.
Trials alongside the fastest wooden
ships of the French navy demonstrated
the Gloire TO be superior to them ali
in every way. The English then began
to hurry work on ironclads, and in
fSta launched the Warrior. She was
larger than the Gloire, but she was ar
mored only for two-thirds Of her
length, bow and stern being unpro-
tected. These vessels were of course
of the broadside type, the turret com
ing only in our own Monitor, which
revolutionized naval construction, or
perhaps it would better be said, start
ed it in the right direction.
On March 0, 1862. there was fought
in Hampton Roads the first battle be-
tween armored ships, when tile Monl-
tor and the Merrimac engaged in their
famous clash. 1t is not necessary to
tell how the Mcrrimac, GO-gun fris-
ate under repair at the Norfolk dock
yards. was set afire to prevent her fall
| ing into the hands of the Coufederates
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
WATER IN DESERT CACTUS.
Natives Are Accustomed to Tap Plant
When They Are Thirsty.

Not1NeS arc ACCpstOHne0t TO l0P El00v
when They Are Thirsty.
The marvellous strength of desert
plants Is well known, but we are at
a loss to explain the source or rea-
sons Of their luxuriance in regions
where only few inches Of water fall
during the year, and that little Is linz
mediately drunk up by the torrid sun.
What enables the yucca to thrust it,
head through thirty feet OF gypsum
and sand or the barrel cactus to store
enormous quantities OF water and to
hold the water for months. perhaps
years, or the sumach to cling 80 ten.
aciously to its ground when every.
thing else is swept away, IRE ques-
tons which none can satisfactorily an
swer. No less marvellous and inex-
plicable is the mesquite shrub, which
sometimes has roots over fifty feet
long, and other desert plants whose
hairy coverings and resinous coatings
prevent the evaporation of moisture.
These secrets may soon be discovered,
however, as the Carnegie institution
has established a desert botanical lab
oratory at Tucson to study them.
It was among the desert hills west
OF Torres, Mex. The Indian cut the
top from plant about FIVE feet high
and with blunt stake of pnlo verde
pounded to pulp the upper six OF
eight inches Of white flesh in the
standing trunk. From this, handful
by handful, he squeezed the water into
the bowl he had made in the top OF
the trunk, throwing the discarded pulp
on the ground. By this process he
secured two or three quarts of clear
water, slightly salty and slightly bitter
to the taste, but Of far better quality
than some Of the water desert trav-
eler is occasionally compelled to use,
The Papago, dipping this water up In
his hands, drank 1t with evident pleas
TIRE and said that his people were &C
customed, not only to secure their
drinking water in this way in times
Of extreme drouth, but that they used
1t also to mix their meal preparatory
to cooking 1t into National
Geographical Magazine.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
JOYS OF COMFY ISLAND.
How the wearied NEWCOMER Recr,
atcs tjy the Scashore.

atcs by the Seash0re.
In no place is the search for pleas
ure marked by more strange eccentri-
cities than at Concy Island. On the
very hottest Saturday afternoons in
August thousands of the city toilers,
exhausted with the heat and worn out
with the weeks labor, pack themselves
into steamboats, and trolley cars and
come hurrying down to enjoy breath
of the cool sen air. Arrived Mt the
world-famous ocean beach, one would
naturally expect to see them plunge
without delay into the refreshing salt
waves. But the habitual Coney Island
visitor pays scant heed to the ocean
breeze or the refreshing salt waves.
He hurries from railroad depot and
steamboat landing to the heart of the
densely populated region Of chowder
pots, photograph galleries, variety
shows, fortune tellers and other char
acterlstic Coney Island attractions.
Once within the limits Of this en-.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
MEMORIAL DAY.

Do you know what 1t means, you boys End
Who hail from the North and South,
Do you know what 1t means
This twlning OF green's
Round the silent cnnnon's mouth;
This strcwing with flowers the ass-grown
This decking with garlands the statues
brave;
This Haunting of flags,
All in tatters and rags:
This marching and singing;
Those bells all a-ringing;
Those faces grave and these faces gay;
This talk Of the Blue and this talk of the
In tie re, North and the South. Memorial
Not simply show-time. boys and girls.
Is this day Of falling flowers:
Not a pageant, n play,
OF 1ags ana floral bowers;
1t Is something more than the day that
starts
War memories a-throb in veteran hearts;
For across the years,
To the hopes and the fears,
To the days of battle,
OF roar and of rattle
To tho past that now seems SO Tar away.
Do the sons OF the Blue and the sons OF
the Gray
Gaze, hand clasping hand. Memorial Day.
For the wreck and the wrong of It, boys
and girls,
For the terror aud loss as WELL
Our hearty must hold
A regret Untold
As we think of those who fell:
But their blood, OH whichever side they
fought,
Remade the nation aud progress bought!
We forget the woe;
For we live, and know
That the fighting and signing,
The falling and dying,
Were but the steps toward the future, the
Adown y the sons of the Blue and
Look With love and with pride. Memorial
Detroit Free Press.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

The young man stared at him w{tA
much rudeness for a moment and
then drawing quarter from his
pocket, he laid it on the poets plate,
saying, "That's for the sightv'
Clarke looked at the coin for an In
slant, and then placing it in his pocket,
lie took out york shilling" 12h
cents. This he handed to the young
man. saying graycly, Children half
nricen ~.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

TN Oo0aSsos1 0f1"e 10 OH1qHes
No other nation has Memorial Day
just like this of our own, save, perhaps,
Germany, which every year renders. to
the soldiers of the Empire certain lonors
modelled after our example. In spite Of
the occasion which 1t offers for sports
and musements-innovation much re-
GREETED, but entirely nevitable-Memo-
rial Day of all our holidays remains the
most picturesque, characteristic and I'M
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
ou,rastns Memorial Day.

The veterans and those who appreciate
what they did from 1861 to 1865 are in
dignant over the way Memorial Day has
come to be regarded by large element
of the American people. Instead of be-
ing looked upon as an occasion for pay
ing respect to the departed American SOL
der who Inns served honorably In the
field it is turned into holiday to be
passed frivolously and without the slight
est regard for the sacred nature of an
anniversary dedicated to high aims and
lofty patriotism. Each succeeding ami
versary is more and more joyous occa-
sion and less and less nm object lesson
Of gratitude to those who so nobly sev-
ed the nation i'll the hour of trial.
When first instituted there was no
thought of levity in connection with its
observance. The parade moved through
streets to the strains of the funeral
march, the beating of the mufled drum,
the shrouding of the flag with Grape. the
soldiers with arms reversed. The respect
full attention Of the multitude correspond
ed to the somber professional. In the
cemeteries crowds assembled for the ex-
ercises and to see the floral tributes on
the mounds of the heroes who had an
oNCASu shC hhui lOll Cull. LII tue CIluTCUeS
congregations listened to addresses in
keeping with the solemnity of the day.
That was generation ago. A great
change has come over those who have
come upon the stage of action since. The
present generation does not appreciate
the sacrifices the soldiers made in the
long drawn out war of the COS, such as
their forbears well knew, or they would
never allow the day to degenerate into a
season of merrymaking, with contests on
land and water by day, and dances at
night, upsetting completely the meaning
of the anniversary. The dissertation has
come to such pass that unless n change
comes over the public mind it will be
necessary to abolish Memorial Day. OF
course this will be hardship to those
who now make it festival for it will
mean one less holiday struck from the
calendar, and on that account solely it
will be deplored. The flowers can be
strcwn just as well without ceremonial
and interruption to business and have
equal honor and equal meaning for our
sleeping heroes as If day were set apart
for this distinction. In this way the
mockery and heartlessness which now
discredit Memorial Day will cease to dis
grace it before the world.-Utica Globe.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
Vindicated.

"Charley, dear" said young Mrs.
Torkins, 81 have done you great m
Justice"
'In what wayy'
II suspected you without reason. I
asked several of your friends that you
go out with of evenings whether you
knew how to play poker, and every
one of them thought a minute and said
you didn't. Washington Star.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

Quite Nutus l.
do you think the photographer Nat.
tered her?''
81 suppose so. Everybody does
Detroit Free Press.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
Decoration Day, 1908,
akka,, ~ r,nra %1a o.,,n,, ua..

For them no more the cannons roar,
The riot of charge or sally;
No more they reel from the shock of steel,
Nor thrill when the drum bcnts "Rally!'
Low they lie In the warm earths breast,
Breathe not of war above them!
They conquered peace md II laureled rest
And the whole broad land to love them
In lilies white. in roses bright,
Again we tell the story
OF our love md pride In the men who died
In the shadow Of Old Glory
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
.LIGHTS OUT"


Sff'1AN Guam Lifting he
N4 ant cadences of the call of slumberpathetc
lullaby of those who waking
M#mMM1& All the singing cadence Of the buge.
M#%MEHTs Fifteen hundred miles
MI&A refrain, and the syey the
WZEN " strains
XIV the waling of steals wlds Of
~ ungles and bespangled where
bnzed soldiers their calls
urcd modulatons archipelago
The benedicton of the bugles!
China
soothing
Then
in colonies Glory
the refrain
All the invocation of the
From Santiago
heights
castles Moro tropical where
the airs of heaven swels the the
Oh
Maine reverberate to the which
cemetery and veswelng
echoed from soldiers soldiers
the Oregon to mlngle with its dashing.
Ah the dirge of the bugles
The
Lights ou the bugles
beauteous blossoms
Oh the wall of
samoas
mariners who the blue, taps
Ah the benedicton o the bugles
From Guam to Samoa
mdns and the sweet flowers above the
the bouac of the ntoning
Tor that Is dead and breathing
All the benson Of the buge-Des News
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
Feats OF submarinc Bonts

Two submarine boats made sham
attack on the French squadron Mt La
Rochelle recently in the evening. and
50 smartly were they handled that It is
said in actual warfare the whole d.
vision would have been annihilated.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
Fighting ohioana.

The history of the Thirty-fourth Ohio
infantry includes accounts of several bat
ties which are not generally mentioned
in war chronicles. 1t fought n great deal
out of the beaten track of armies, doing
much fighting in West Virginia against
the guerrillas. In 1863 the regiment
served as mounted infantry, fighting as
such at Wytbeville, Va, July IS, where
Col. John T. Tolnnd was killed.
We Judge ourselves by what we feel
capable Of doing; others judge us by
what we have done-I.ongfellow.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

Not tho Same Girl Now.
"She used to be such; a sweet glri!'
eyes, but she fermented about five
years ago."-Town Topics.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

Cincinnati has deaf and dumb bar
Der. hut with the aid Of photograph
he manages to pull through.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

We can't pronounce the Russian def
milton for war, but it's synonymous
With Shsrman's dednitiop,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25
strated the principles which have made
the battleship the wonderful thing it

The Advancement of guns has kept
pace with the development of armor-
in fact, has preceded it. Improve
ments in armament necessitated great
err protection and the steel ships of
to-day are the result.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-05-25

Hes built in an awfully peculiar
way, isn't he?' Eyes, the only thing
he can buy ready made is an umbrel.
Philadelphia Public Ledger.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1904-12-05
DARLING IS
TO RESIGN
According To Reports Sent
Out From Washington
ANOTHER APPOINTMENT
Rumor That Judge Wheeler May
Retire And Be Succeeded By
Judge Darling
ANOTHER APPOINTMENT

An unconfrmed report from Was
hington dated Saturday states that as
soon as he returns from the West. c.
II. Darling will resign the position OF
assistant secretary of the navy and
resume the practise of law,
A special from Washington to the
Burlington Free Press is as follows:
Washington, d. c., Dec. 4.-There
is some interesting speculation here
over a possibility that Judge Darling
may soon vacate his place as assis-
tant secretary of the navy. A wealthy
resident of Detroit, Mr. Newberry is
gro ming for the place, contingent up
on Judge Darling's resigning. Presi-
dent Roosevelt would be 10th to lose
him from the department, but the Yer
mont delegation is considering the
Judges name for endorsement in con.
nection with two other places. one of
them place of the federal bench,
Should Judge Wheeler decide to retire
Mr. Darling might succeed him.