The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1904-11-10

,d by large pipe with OBJ, suction ends
eff the pump placed at as low level "a
practicable. one million gallons has
been pumped out of each well thus
spaced and ten wells have been found
sufficient for Ca 100000 gallon pump
ing engine. which is the usual size OF
unit employed
An available streams are now tapped
10y bitches ou Maui and Kauai The
first was built ON the windward side OF
Maui Bon 1873 by Mr. II. =. Baldwin and
Mr. S. r. Alexander. The next was built
iu the same section by Mr.. Spreckels in
lN1s-lNNU under the supervision OF Mr.
d. Schussles of San Francisco as engi-
uecr. u is about thirty miles lond. 81
30 million gallons daily capacity and
delivers the water at an elevation Of
$50 feet and BIS known as the Haiku
ditch. This ditch was intercepted by
new work called the "I.owrie ditch" iu
1900 which delivers the water az an ele-
walton of $50 feet The writer has just
finished 70 new lqusIuet known Is the
"kODIIu ditch. which taps an the Ma
hflsu rain belt af 900 elevation 0f 1850
feet and discharges into the older and
lower Iltohes. II l- ten miles long. sew
en- and one-half miles being iu tunnel
and two and oue-haIf in open ditch and
nume. The tunnels are all iu solid
rock. eight feet wide and seven feet
high. with a daily capacity Of So mil
lion gallons. owing t. the extreme
porosity Of the lava rock, four and one
half miles Of concrete lining six inches
thick is used I'm the tunnel to prevent
seepage. The work was all done by
japanese with hand drills; ore cars
were employed i'm moving the excavat-
ed materials, and { has cost finished
about 81 per lineal foot The japanese
make excellent miners and rock men,
and, owing to their small size, it was
practicable to work four I'm a face, ana
by working three S-hour shifts, the
whole work had to be completed in
eighteen months from the date OF COM
mencement April. 1903. There are
thirty-eight tunnels on the work, av-
eraging each 1000 feet long, the Short
est being 300 feet. the longest 271O feet.
The country was 50 steep and precipi-
tous that little ditching could be EN-
plOyed, and II was necessary to make
, four and One-half miles of wagon road
, and eighteen miles of stone paved pack
trials to facilitate during construction
. the transportation Of SUPPLIES. About
1000 barrels of cement and 100000
pounds Of giant powder were used. In
all ten mountain streams are intercept
} ed, which are admitted into the main
, aqueduct through screens of grizzly
p bars spaced quarters of an inch
, apart.
, The Honokohau ditch. with 30 million
gallons daily cara city. has just been
. finished on west Maui. 1t is thirteen
I and One-half miles long on a grade of
five feet per mile and has 200 feet OF
e 36-inch syphOn pipes and three and
one-half miles Of tunnelling, and has
cost $1S5,OOO 1t delivers water at zoe
feet elevation
All the streams on the island Of Maui
are now tapped by bitches including
the Waihee stream, previously referred
to at Waikiki.
The "Hanapepe ditch" Maxwell,
Kauai, was built by Mr.. Baldwin in
1890. to tap the stream of that name. 1t
has 7O4O feet of 4O-inch riveted steel
syphon pipe. 1913 feet of tunnels, 14,61S
p feet of hume, five feet wide by forty
= inches deep. and ten miles of ditching
o. on a general grade of six feet per mile
and carries 80 million gallons daily. The
Z use of wooden fumes in tropical coun-
= tries is not adv sable, as repairs have
- to be frequently made owing to the
n rapid decay of the wood. This ditch
delivers water on tne plantation at 45(
q feet elevation; and a new one just BULL
. and completed under the writer's su-
= pervision, known as the "Olokelt
# ditch" delivers water at an altitude Of
=, 1915 feet and has a daily capacity Oi
o over 90 million gallons. 1t involve!
n eight miles of Xxi feet tunnels, five
? miles Of ditching; and it has cost com
h pleted about $36O,O0O. At one point {
v drop of 22S feet was obtained which i
! is proposed to utilize for electric pOwe
# purposes in operating the plantation
30 mill and railway. MakaweH plantation
# has now the best gravity supply on thu
~ islands, with a daily minimum from
-, its two sources of s. million gallons. !
D., is proposed later on to store the fresh
.t ct water in reservoirs and use them a.
% balancing mediums to restore the sup
.s ply when the streams run low. Owinl
) to the steep land slopes, six to fifteel
10 degrees, il is very lfticult TO selec
N favorable reservoir sites, except in tn
center or back of old volcanic cones.
+ Many streams have been diverted AM
" many bitches made during the last fiv
n years on Waikiki and Pioneer planta
! ton on Maui, the Oahu and Waialu
Nv plantations on Oahu, and the Koloa
is Makee and McBryde Limitations o
n Kauai, but for the reasons before stat
-, ed practically no stream diversion 70
m irrigatiOns has been made on the larg
- est island, Hawaii, except the develop
-, ment of water for cane fuming pur
a. poses at Olaa, Pahala and Hutchinson
ia The most novel development i'm waite
h supply has been the discovery of wa
ID ter by driving tunnels into the Law
IN formation at high attitudes at encouI
ne aging localities. 1t is very difficult I
is predict what success will reward an
X outlay I'm this field, as the results al
to all prOblematic. A two-million gallo
ne flow has been developed at an altituC
Fl, OF 400 feet at Waianae on oahu islam