davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1904-10-27
Scanty RatiCns Mean Loss,

Liberal feeding is always profitable
for dairy cows, provided the COW is
one that should be kept for the pro-
duction of milk. Scanty rations are
always fed at loss.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1904-10-27
n - 49, go. -
"W1tOh tho Kidneys"

r when they are affected. life is in
danger says DR.. Abernethy, the
great English physician. Foley's
Kidney Cure makes sound kidneys.
Frost& Spies.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1904-10-27

WANTED-Several persons of
character and good reputation in
each stat : in this county re-
quireG) t. and advertise
old esto gedllhy business
house of sold financial standing
Salary $21 90 weekly with expenses
additional. all payable in cash direct
each Wednesday from head offices.
Horse and carriage furnished when
necessary. References enclosed,
self-addr ed envelop, Colonial, 332
Dearborn st, Chicago.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1904-10-27
Manager Wanted.

We.desire to employ trustworth Y
lady or gentleman to manage our
business III this County and adjoin.
ing territory. Our house is well and
faYorably known.
$1,000 straight cash salary and al.
expenses paid each week by check
direct from headquarters. Expense
money advanced; previous expert
ence unnecessary; position perma-
nent. Address Thomas Cooper
Manager, 1040 Caxton Building
Chicago, Ill.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1904-10-27
Promising HO1stein Cow.

This splendid Holstein COW, Home
stead Craddock De Koi No. 1880, at
three years old made a record of y
pounds Of milk in one day, 476.8
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1904-10-27
WIS. CENTRAL TRAINSs

Orders for tickets can be procured Of
Frost. Druggist, w ashburn, Wis.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
SOIL PARTICLES.
[Magnified 1872 times.1

culiar shapes of particles as they ap-
pear under the microscope are shown
in the cut Particles of sand are not
less than 200 times larger than par
ticles Of clay.
AS the soil particles cannot lie to-
gether so as to form a solid mass,
there is large amount of Intervening
space, which in an average soil equals
nearly half it's volume. The smaller
the particles, the greater the proportion
of space. Thus clay contains IS per
cent of space while a sandy truck soil
contains 81 per cent, ordinary soils
varying all the way between these eX-
tremes.
AS the result of the surface tension
each particle of soil holds film Of wa
ter over it's entire surface and thus
provides a supply of this material for
the roots of plants. When the quanti-
ty of'water in the soil is so much great
err than is required to supply that
which is held by surface tension that
the remaining space is filled, the soil
is said to be saturated. If we provide
an outlet for the water, the surplus
will pass off by force Of gravity, leav-
ing only the films which are held by
surface tension and which furnish the
desired moisture to plants. Thus from
Is to 20 per cent of all the water which
a soil will hold will not pass off as
drainage, but will remain as capillary
water to contribute to the growth of
plants and to further aid in the prepa-
ration of additional plant food. This
necessary moisture moves through the
soil Independently of gravity by the
force of capillary attraction or surface
tension, which tends to distribute and
eQualize moisture in the soil.
About so per cent of the volume Of
ordinary soils is space which is al
ways filled with water or air. The in
dividual spaces are larger or smaller.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
APPLE soAB FUNGUS ON LEAVES.

cially if the weather at this time is un-
usually cool and moist. This causes
the young fruit to shrivel and drop off,
often greatly reducing the crop of ma
ture fruit.
The most characteristic effects of
this fungous parasite, however, are
found on the fruit itself. Here the
spots at first appear much like those
on the leaves, but as the fruit devel-
ops the fungus works under the cut1-
Gle, or outer layer of the skin, causing
it to scale off. These spots on mature
apples have a dark brown or blackish
color, with a narrow border of light
gray color. The spots are usually most
numerous around the blossom end of
the fruit. On badly affected fruit the
spots run together, sometimes cover
ing one-third of the surface. Deep
cracks often occur in such cases, which
allow the apple to dry out.
Apple scab is without doubt the worst
disease affecting this fruit. This is
due not alone to it's destruction Of the
foliage and young apples or to the I'M
slightly spots which it causes on the
mature fruit. In addition to all this,
it opens way for the entrance of nu-
merous rot producing fungi into the
tissues of the mature apple. Thus dur
ing the seasons of 1902 and 1908, which
were characterized in this state by an
unusual rainfall, great quantities Of
apples were lost soon after packing
and in storage and even during ship.
ment through the agency Of these soft
rOts following apple scab. In some
cases apples affected with scab began
rotting while still attached to the trees,
the loss amounting to four-fifths of the
entire crop.
The fungus Of apple scab thrives dur
ing moist, cool weather, especially dur
ing the early part Of summer. Fruit
grown on closely crowded trees where
air and light are shut out appears to
be more severely affected than where
the opposite conditions prevail There
fore location securing good ventila-
ton, proper spacing of trees and sys-
tematic pruning are to be considered G:
preventive measures in the case OF
this disease. It has been found that
the fungus passes. the winter on the
fallen leaves, appearing as minute black
bodies buried in the leaf tissues. From
these are given off, in the following
spring, the first crop Of spores which
attack the lower leaves, the disease
later spreading to all parts of the tree.
Thus another preventive measure is
suggested and recommended-viz, the
destroying of these dead leaves, which
serve as agents of infection. This
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

ed Of unquestioned value and paying
investment to the apple grower. The
first application made before the buds
open may be copper sulphate solution,
which is cheaper and easier to prepare
and use than bordeaux mixture. BY
many growers this application is con-
sidered the most important one for fun
gous diseases and should not be neg
lected. After the leaves appear it will
be necessary to use bordeaux mixture,
the first application of this spray to be
used just before blossoming. This Is
the most important treatment of the
season. The second after the blossoms
fall and two or three other applications
at intervals of ten days to two weeks
will prove beneficial, especially If the
season is wet one. The final spray
may consist Of weak solution Of cop
per sulphate to avoid staining the fruit.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
wHsr RIIpKR

The Fourth OF July was truly "Glori-
Gus Fourth" here, and the celebration
was carried out as advertised, with the
exception of the dramatic play in the eve
ming. This however is not to be regretted
tor the people were very pleasantly en-
teri aimed by Charles r. Taggart, reader
and impersonator. The hall was crowd
to the doors in the evening. The street
parade was also success and several
well gotten up floats were to be seen.
Burns Military Band never played so
well. The sports were participated in by
enough to make them exciting. The tug
of war bttween West Burkes and New
arks was won by the former. The streets
were full of people all day. Much credit
is due to Wendell Hickie, who had the
management of the entire day program.
Ira Willard of Hanover is visiting Mr..
and Mrs. ]. F. Ruggles. Mr. Willard has
just graduated from Dartmouth.
DIR. w. r. Laviolette is to occupy the
Densmore tenement when vacated by
Ira Watson.
Miss Georgia Dearborn of Newport is
visiting her sister, Miss Jessie Dearborn.
Miss Allis Townsend of New York City
is at her mothers home for the summer
vacation.
Mrs. Fannie Smith of Lyndon Center
has been visiting friends here.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
WEST DANVlLLE,

One of the most successful terms of
school we ever had here closed last Fri.
day with Miss Emma A. Stevens as
teacher in the grammar grade and Miss
Lillian L. Bishop in the primary grades.
Both teachers were very efficient in their
work and have done much in bringing
our schools onto graded system, which
has been the wish IF the school board
for long time. Much more has been
accomplished in the last term in this
direction than in any one term before.
The examinations were extra good and
nearly all pupils passed to the next grade.
Children's Day exercises were very fit
tingly observed at the church last Sun
day and good audience was present to
hear them.
The fireworks on Fourth of July were
very good for small place and called
out a good crowd to witness them.
The camping season has begun in good
earnest at the pond and every cottage is
well filed at present, with prospects OF
a very busy season for two months.
Several new cottages are being built
near Lake Park.
Miss Maybelle Bean and her aunt, Mrs.
Freeman, returned to Boston last FRI
day, after ten days stay with her
grandmother, Mrs. Hannah Bean, of this
place.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

The New England Telephone Office has
been changed from Ed. Morgan's har-
ness shop to John Roy's grocery store.
On the evening of July 10Th Miss Alice
Moore will speak in the church in the in
terests of W. c. T. q. Miss Moore is
national speaker for the organization
and comes from Maine. 1t promises to
be lecture of more than common inter
est, and it is hoped that the people will
all avail themselves of the opportunity to
hear it.
Mrs. Martin and Miss Drucella are
visiting in Barton.
Mrs. Cora Winslow has returned to the
Laid farm in Waterford.
1t is expected that Rev. Henry Kilbourn
of Bradford will exchange pulpits next
Sunday with Rev. J. K. Kilbourn.
Several gardeners here had corn in
tassell in the month of June.
Mrs. Holbrook has moved into Mrs.
Laird's house on Church street, and Mr..
Holton has taken possession of the house
purchased from Mr.. Holbrook.
Roscoe Renfrew has been spending
few days with old friends.
Albert Morgan and Charles Hersey
from Hardwick spent the 4th at James
Morgan's.
Catherine Potts of St. Johnsbury is vis-
iting with her sister, Beatrice, at Sher-
burn Moore's.
Miss Robina Laughlin and Anna Perry
spent Monday in Ryegate.
Mrs. Maggie Deshan has gone to
Wells River to keep house for Mrs. Eras-
tus Baldwin.
DIR. Elliot spent several days in Bur
ington, last week.
Joe Boardman was in town calling on
old friends last week.
Bell WEIGH arrived Friday from Mar
shalltown, Iowa, to spend the summer
with her father and mother.
Byron Berry was in town last week.
Frank Cheney has moved his family
into the Charles Stoddard house.
Claude Gil6llan returned home with
Mrs. Gilfllan, Friday. and is spending a
few days at Ned Abbott's.
The Ladies' Missionary society was
held with Mrs. A. S. Laughlin Tuesday
afternoon, subject China.
George R. Whitney, formerly of Barnet,
and four years stenographer to Supt. 81.
e. Folsom at LyndonviIle, but now a
resident of Kenilworth, D. c., has been
appointed official stenographer in the
office OF the Comptroller of the Currency
at Washington, at salary of 81, 600
per annum.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

THE MAKEUP OF SOILS.

The Influence of It's Mechanical
Condition ON Drainage.
BY C. G. ELLIOTT. Office of Experiment
Stations
Soil is made up of exceedingly fine
particles of irregular shapes. varying
composition and different properties.
1t is formed by the breaking down of
rocks of different composition. which
are disintegrated by the weather,
ground up and distributed by glacial
action and floods and mixed with the
products of successive ages of vege-
table growth. These particles as they
appear under the microscope are rough
and irregular, some of them being ex-
ceedingly small. They range from
coarse sand .O04 of an inch to clay
OOO2 of an inch and less. The pc
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
STANDARD.

Mr.. and Mrs A. L. Weed visited rela-
tives at South Wheelock Saturday and
Sunday.
William Blair is in New Hampshire
visiting his daughter, Mrs. Burbank.
N. T. King has been laid up few days
from cut on his leg.
Mrs. Walter Patchett of Stoneham,
Mass, is the guest of Mrs. S. King.
Mrs 7. N. Sawtell visited her sister,
Mrs. Gilbert. at Lyndon last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. c. Edwards of Hard
wick were guests of Mrs. Winchester,
Sunday and Monday.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
Might Was Her Terror.

81 would cough nearly all night long"
writes Mrs. Charles Applegate of Alex
andria, Ind, land could hardly get any
sleep. had consumption so bad that Il
I walked block 1 would cough fright
fully and spit blood. but. when all other
medicines failed, three $1.OO bottles OF
DR.. Kings New Discovery wholly cured
me and Igained So pounds" It's abso-
luteiy guaranteed to cure coughs, colds,
la grippe, bronchitis, and all throat and
lung troubles. Price SOC. and 81. Trial
bottles free at Flint Bros. and F. 6. Lar
dry's drug stores.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

done and in some cases may be desir-
able, but ordinary earth is the best
bottom for anything of this kind.
The shed is six feet high at the In
closed end and seven feet at the door
end. It was made of ordinary boards.
The runners are 2 by 6's, the cross
pieces by As and the uprights by
Us. The roof is ordinary one foot
boards, with battens, and the rear the
same. The shed should be placed SO
that the rear points toward the south.
This furnishes much relief to animals
during the heat of the day.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
LOWER WATERFORD.

Old Home Week will be abserved here
about the middle OF August. F. H.
Shepherd, B. K. Graves and E. R. Goss
have been appointed a committee by the
church societies of Upper and Lower
Waterford, and they will arrange very
attractive program. A dinner will be
served in the church at Lower Water
ford, where the exercises will be held, for
which rs cents per plate will be charged,
the proceeds to benefit both societies.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
NORTH DANVILLE.

July 4th an enjoyable picnic was held
under the trees near S. K. Huses. Sports
tor the children, ball game for the boys
and young men, and social time for the
ladies, with fireworks in the evening, all
served to make the day pleasant one
and to promote kind and neighborly
feelings.
Martin Sanborn will preach at the
Methodist church next Sunday, and next
Monday night there will be an exhibition
OF moving pictures.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for
any case of Catarrh that cannot be cured by
Halls Gatarrh Cure.
FL. CHENEY 81 CO., Toledo, o.
We, the undersigned, have known F. J.
Cheney for the last Il years, and believe him
perfec ly honorable in all business transac-
tions and financially able to carry out any
obligations made by his firm.
WALDISG, KINHAN 81 MARVIN,
Wholesale Druggists. Toledo. o.
Hairs Catarrh Cure is taken internally,
acting directly upon the blood and mucous
surfaces OF the system. Testimonials sent
Druggists.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
APPLE SCAB.

The Worst Disease of the Apple.
Thrives In Damp EARLY Summer.
By B. o. LONGYEAR, Michigan Expert
ment Station.
The disease of the apple commonly
known as "scab" or in some cases as
"black spot" is probably familiar to
every grower of this fruit. 1t first ap-
pears in spring on the young foliage,
producing velvety, olive colored patch
es This form is sometimes known as
s'mildew' or "leaf blight" In severe
cases the leaves become shriveled and
discolored, eventually falling off. The
fungus also attacks the stems of the
young apples at poisoning time, espe-
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06


Fig. /. soil grains and spaces; Fig. g. soil
particles In masses; Fig. 8, joint clay
structure1
according as the soil grains are more
or less minute The fine grains pres
ent more surface in given volume Of
soil and hence will retain the greater
quantity of moisture. The coarser soils
will permit a much freer percolation
than the finer ones.
Another mechanical condition Of soils
has more to do with their drainage
properties than the differences already
noted. It is the massing of particles of
different character to form compound
soil grains which lie contiguous and
have spaces between them. Those who
have examined the physical structure
of soils infinitely will have observed
the granular structure of soils con-
tanning a mixture of humus and clay.
Some subsoils are commonly known as
'joint clays'' from the fact that they
show natural cleavage or fractures
which mark them as soils easily drain
ed. Others of marty, sandy or grav-
ely nature mass their particles into ir-
regular forms which cannot lie close
together and are known as light sub
soils. Still other clays appear to be
wanting In the characteristics named,
their individual particles lying COM
pactly together and forming a dense
mass capable of retaining larger per-
centage of water than any other varie-
ty, and are commonly known as reten-
tive or impervious soils. Some of these
mechanical characteristics are Illus
trated In Figs. 1, and g.
In experiments at the Oregon station
wheat has given excellent results as q
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
summer Shed For Live Stock.

The accompanying illustration, occur
ring in Orange Judd Farmer, shows a
cheap shed for live stock to be used
in lots during the very hot summer
weather 1t is constructed on runners,
so that it can be moved from one lot
to another without any trouble. The
Illustration is not correct in that the
shed is f1oored. This of course can be
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
Ministers Institute at Ocean Park,
Maine. July II to 81, 1904.

Low Rates via Boston &. Maine b. R.
The Ministers Institute Meeting will
take place at Ocean Park, Maine, July
22d to 31st, inclusive. A large gather
ing is anticipated, and round trip tickets
good going on above date; returning
July 23d to August LIST, inclusive, will be
on sale at this station and principal sta
tions on the Boston & Maine Railroad.
For list of stations and rates, see Bos-
ton & Maine posters or inquire of agent
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
EAST BURKE.

Owing to the renting of the Jr. o. U. A.
Nd. Hall, the installation of officers will
take place the 25th instead of the 11th
Ice cream and cake will be served.
Notice the change of the date. All men,
bers are requested to be present.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

SCAB SPOTS ON AN APPLE.
may be done either by raking and burn
ing them or by blowing them under in
the spring before the spores are shed.
The planting of varieties which are
naturally less subject to the scab is
also to be considered as a preventive
measure. Spraying for the prevention
and treatment of this disease has prov.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
BARNET,
A Fatal Accident.

A very sad accident occurred at Barnet
Center, Friday night, when Elmer Man
ming was thrown from his wheel, strik-
ing on his face in such a way that death
followed within a short time. The family
have the sincere sympathy of all their
friends in this sudden bereavement. The
funeral was from the Center church Sun
day afternoon.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
FINE WATERMELONS.
OF Tempting Appearance, Extra
Quality and Reliable Culture.

Quality and Reliable Culture.
#. William Raue of New Hampshire
believes that the great drawback to
the more successful culture of the
watermelon in the north is a lack Of
knowledge Of the best methods of
growing them. His experiments lead
him to believe that with a better Sc
lection of soils and more pains taken in
the preparation of the hills surpris-
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06
GOOD wATERMELONs.

Ia, Cole Early; B, Boss; c, Black Eyed
Susan.
ingly large percentage Of even south
ern varieties could be made to mature
as far north as southern New Hamp-
shire. Three varieties that find special
favor with Professor Raue are here il
lustrated.
Cole Early produces a round or
slightly oval, medium sized fruit, hav-
ing irregular stripes of light and dark
green. The flesh is red, solid and very
sweet, the rind brittle and the seeds
dark brown. It is an early and reliable
variety in New England.
Boss produces a long, dark green
melon which is very heavy for its size.
The flesh is solid, red and Of the best
quality; the seeds are black.
Black Eyed Susan is southern va
riety which promises well for northern
culture. The fruit is oblong to long,
with light stripings; the rind is thin
and tough; the flesh scarlet colored,
firm and of extra quality; the seeds
white, with dark spots at the sprout
end. 1t is an early variety.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

AUSTRALIAN BROWN ONIONS.
even in shape, flavor somewhat strong,
maturing early, a long keeping variety
and very firm in texture. 1t is highly
recommended.
These onions were sown in boxes.
Date Of sowing, Jan. %; date of plant
ing, March 21; date of harvesting, Aug.
"a; yield per acre, 64S bushels.
Just Help Himself.
He-If tried to kiss you would you
call for help? She-Would you need 1t I
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

An Onion That Is Gaining Favor.
The Australian brown onion, as
shown in the cut, was grown from seed
raised by the Oregon experiment sta
ton. 1t is variety that is becoming
well known, being of medium size and
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1904-07-06

In experiments at the Oregon station
wheat has given excellent results as q
fattening food for hogs.