The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1904-11-04
THE ICE man WILL
Be PUSHED ASIDE
Awhile Stoves Will Keep
Us Warm i'm Winter and
Cold in Summer.
PROGRESS IN COOLING
Ancients Knew tho Art of Artificial
Ice Manufacture-Some of the
Early Processes of Refrigera-
ton That Were Used.

w " ~ N'>
will soon witness the complete passing
of the ice man. with his germ-impreg-
mated cake, and that the days of the
droning electric fan are numbered. is
a prediction seemingly warranted by
the data of recent progres In the sci
ence of refrigeration. The necessity
of the manufacturer or savant daily
ecomes the parent OF invention for
the betterment of mans domestic COM
fort. What yesterday was the compli-
Gated and mysterious luxury OF the fac
to-y or laboratory ecomes today the
necessity of the home.
Communal Refrigeration.
Large manufacturing plants. where
refrigeration is q necessity. and ex-
tensive cold-storage establishments.
wherein winter Is a season eternal. have
completely dispensed with Ice as a cool
ing agency and the engineer has now
awakened to a realization that III a
brewery, covering the area of a pre-
tentious town, a successfully and
cheaply Danish summer from Its walls.
none the less can communities of
dwelling houses be cheaply inflated in
hot weather with the balmY breath of
Boreas.
These optimistic prophets of a few
years back, who read their horoscopes
through roseate spectacles, promised
for us that by these times at least we
would ave daily delivered at our back
doors tubes of liquid air. to be poured
out in this room and that, to the tenn
porary Punishment of e%nervating sum-
mer heat. But the liquid air pIognos-
t%icator. like the radium Projectors, have
since betaken themselves to where the
grass is tall. Meanwhile, some modest
Inventive geniuses have been silently
forging ahead, and the adoption OF their
schemes by large commercial estab-
~lishIrents has resulted both in the
demonstration of the probability Of
their systems and the bringing of their
a%ppa-atus within the financial reach of
the hotel owner and the well-to-do
householder. Moreover, In several cities
central refrigeration plants are being
built for the supply of "winter-on-tap"
to blocks of houses.
Windows Down All Summer.
In Washington there are two large
institutions where, during August days,
men are comfortably toiling in sunlit
roorns with weather-stripped windows
down and shades raised. These build
ings are brand new and represent the
perfection of interior arrangements so
far as comfort and sanitation are con-
cerned. They are both government
scientific institutions. n being the
hygienic laboratory of the public health
service, the other the national bureau
~ 49, 49," ~ III ID q sII ~
ture of the size of the average dwell
ing of the well-to-do and the latter
consists of two buildings. each as big
as a hotel. and both cooled by a central
plant. The designers of these edifices,
after examining into the merits of an
modern refrigeration apparatus. adop-
ted one of the brine circulation" sys-
TENS.
Now, all of us who have Toasted eyes
upon the seductive ice cream freezer.
know that water saturated with salt
will Withstand tremendous cold with
out freezing. Our sorrowful expert
ence with water pipes in winter have
also taught us that ordinary water
below the temperature of Ice cannot
be circulated through radiators in our
rooms as can boiling water thus en-
ployed for heating those apartments
In winter. But a solution of salt and
water, down below the freezing point
of plain water, may be piped INTO our
rooms ad libitum if we only have an
economic apparatus. A number of
such apparatuses are now perfected.
h salt brine is chilled bp machin-
cry such as used in modern Ice making
plants. The salt and water is passed
through a tank filled with coils of
pipes, in which anhydrous ammonia is
allowed to boil n pass off in vapor.
Chilled by Boiling Liquid.
~ ooilbo pdL huoNlCttI tnlI the prime
should be cooled by boiling liquid in
the adjacent coil. but 1t is none the less
a fact. 1t must be taken into account
however, that anhydrous ammonia boils
at forty degrees below zero. reckoning
on he scale of our common Fahren-
helt thermometers. In other words.
were o to put your finger into a YES
sci Of this liquid when boiling. bubbling
n seething, you would freeze that
member.
The brine thus chilled to the point
where the moisture in the surrounding
atmosphere is converted into a coating
OF snow on the pipes leading from the
cooler, passes through a pump which
forces 1T either directly into the rooms
to be cooled-where 1t is fed to nests
OF tubes acting as radiators-or into
a subterranean duct, whose temper
allure becomes that of zero or below,
If need be. If the duct method be used,
large ventilating fans force the con-
taAt chilled air from the underground
chamber into fiues which feed the
rooms above with cold air just as the
old-fasliioned hot air furnace supplies
its unwholesome fumes.
Cold Brine by Pipe Lines.
To deliver chilled brine to dwellings,
through underground pipes-just as
gas is supplied-therefor becomes a
simple matter where there is a central
Pitlit, llNC Iidt Witch SuDDlItS Ine W.
hotel-like laboratories of the bureau
of standards or like that which is de-
signed to refrigerate me OF our largest
breweries. The supply of brine to zach
house can be measured in a meter, such
as used by water companies. A tube is
easily connected with the coil of the
compact household Refrigerator.
The chilling of the brine is accom-
plished by exactly the same phenom-
enon of physics as is applies in ice
making plants or indoor ~ice-skating
Kinks. In the ice plants. water is aa-
mitted to a h~oneycomb of tanks whose
Iron sides are chilled by anhydrous am
monia. seething in tubes beneath the
metal. In ice Kinks the ammonia piping
is simply imbedded below the unin.
terrupted surface of a great waite,
tank.
An individual Cooling stove was
lately designed bp Professor Willis l..
Moore, chief of the national weather
bureau. to artificially chill one of the
rooms of that institution. 1t is a tall
cylindrical tank, fitted at the top with
an elbow pipe connecting with the out
er air. In the hottest summer weather
1t will maintain in the room a temper
allure of "a degrees as cheaply as will
a stove heat the same room comfort
ably in winter. The outdoor air IN en-
tering the cylinder at the top Is cleaned
and dried incidental to a partial cool