davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
HAS THREE TINES TIM cmtlnArNn
or ANY PAPER N Thn comuT.
vIOLATe Rules 81 wAa.
The Japanese war office pubilshes
Charaes Aaalnsl Russians.

Toxic, July 20.--The japanese war
Office has made public { statement
charging the Russians with violation
OF recognized rules Of warfare. The
statement alleges that on swc cecssssHr
the white flag has been violated. that
once Russian column fred pefsissenf-
y On field hospital where the Red
Cross flag was flying conspicu0usly,
thus compelling the Japanese 10 remoTs
the hospital amidst great danger.
Twice, u is. ALLEGED. the Rnasinna
bred on the men Of the Japanese hos
pitaI corps, although their badges could
readily Be distinguished. On thrse co.
casions Japanese have been etabbed
slashed and mutiIated. On one occa-
sion the Russians are declared to have
stolen cattle snd horses from noncom-
batants and TO have violated women.
1t is also claimed that numerous casen
can be cited where the Russians have
wantonly fred on the Japanese
wounded and that they have refused to
premit parties who were succorine thu
wounded on both sides to 90 unmoIest-
ed.
These charges are made by Geneial
Oku and it is stated that further
charges will be made, growing out Of
the experiences Of General Kuroki's
army.
In explaining the pablication Of
these charges, the Japaanese general
staff states that they had no desire to
take such action, but in view Of Rus
sia's charges that they made through
the French papers there was rothinr
else left for them to do.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
OREGON NEWS OF INTEREST
LINN rARnrRs HIT HARD.
Late Spring and Long Dry Spem Have
Cost rluch.

Albany--Rain, which was general
over the Willamette valley last week,
came too late 70 be Of great benefit to
farmers. Had the showers come two
weeks earlier, thousande Of dollars
would have been saved for the farmers
OF Linn county. As it is, the cropa
are far below the average for Linn
county farmers, in many Instances are
a total failure. The only benefit the
farming community will derive from
the rains will be in the way OF gardens
and the very late sown spring oats, OF
which there is small acreage.
For two months not a drop Of rain
fell on the grain fields Of the county.
This is dTouth almost unprecedented
here. It's evil effect was aggravated
by the late spring rains. Farmers gem
orally were depending upon putting in
q greater acreage than usual in spring
sown grain. and the unusually bad
weather Of the late winter seemed to
assure some good working days in the
early spring. Instead Of this, the rain
held on until almost too late to plant
the spring grain at all, and when good
weather did come, it developed into a
drouth.
The result is that spring grain is
heading few inches from the ground,
and much Of 1t will not be bound at
all. That which is threshed viii
yield poorly. The heads are small and
very poorly filed. Nor is the fall sown
grain Of its usual standard Of excel
leDce. That part OF the fall grain that
was sowed on low ground will be fair,
in some instances making three-fourths
Of crop rarely promising full crop.
The hay crop has not averaged more
than half what it was in years gone
by. The hayiDg season is about over,
and the general report is half crop.
This will put farmers in ] inn county
in hard circumstances this fall. Al
ready many of them are buying feed
Tor their stock, and but few will have
enough to last the winter through.
The price of feed is rising in the coun-
y. and the mills are selling IL every
lay to the farmers who were never
to buy feed at any season |
before. There are some who will have
% buy wheat for their own family con-
before the yeal ends.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28

vIadIvOstOk Ships Enter Pacific and
lane japanese Steamer.


Toxic, July 2l.-The Vladigostok
squadron has overhauled a japanese
steamer eastward of Tsugar straits.
The name Of the vessel captured and
her fate has not yet been learned.
The Vladiyostok squadron, unac-
companied by torpedo boats, entered
the Pacific ocean today at Z O'Clock.
Its destination is unknown, but it is
suggested it possibly plans to raid the
east coast OF Japan and then either re-
turn to Vladiyostok, escaping to the
southwark, or attempting to form a
junction with the Port Arthur fleet.
The squadron was discovered in the
straits Of Tsugar at O'Clock this NOM
ing, steaming rapidly eastward.
At $3.50 A. II. 1t was reported OF
Tappicape, and at A. NJ. observers at
Hakkodate discovered and reported to
Toxic that it was then steaming east.
Warnings have gone out to shipping
along the eastern coast of Japan and
merchantmen are hurriedly seeking
cover. 1t is expected that most OF the
shipping will be warned before the
Russian ships can inflict serious dam
age, if raid is intended.
Ordinarily, lack OF ccal would pre-
vent an extended cruise, but it lie possi-
BILE that the Russians possess collier
at q rendezvous in the Pacific ocean.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
LloN LIes IN var.
wsrshlps win Compel Russia 10 Give
Up Oriental Liner.

London, July 2i.--it is believed by
leading naval officials here, who are
cogliii====nt Of certain sweeping orders IL.
sued yesterday by the admiralty, that
the British government intends 10 com.
pei Russie to surrender the Peninsular
& Oriental liner Malscca, seized as a
prize Of war by the Russian cruiser St.
Petersburg, and en- route TO Libau
under prize crew. II IL also eener-
ally understood In naval circles that
no other British ships will be stopped
by the Russians after the British cruis-
ers reach the scene.
The orders tofOnmanders Of the lat
ter vessels are declared to be short, but
explicit, and provides thar British ves-
sele shall be free TO navigate Eastern
waters. without recognizing the war.
ships OF any other power, or the right
TO search them for contraband.
One OF the developments yesterday
was the detachment by Admiral Dom
vile. commanding the Mediterranean
feet, OF his two swiftest cruisers TO pro.
ceed at full speed to Port Said, which
is at tine northern end Of the suez ca
nal. II Is understood that these two
vessels will arrive at Port Said before
the Malacca, and be there when the
latter orDerges from the canal. II isI
likely that they will compel
the Russians to give up their prize, al
though, Of course, their future action
is carefully guarded, and Iaymen can
only conjecture and reason from the at
titude OF the naval chiefs.
Naval officers generally agree that
'uch action can be confidently expected,
md they are for the most part now dis
;uhsing the probable attitude OF Russia
ghen the Aaiacca is taken by force.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
PORTLAND nARKETS.

Wheat--Walla walla, Sec; blue
stem, 7Ec; valley, 7Sc.
Barley-Feed, s22 per ton; rolled,
$2S@24.
oats-NO. white, t1.22<; nay.
$1.l7k per Genital.
Flour-valley, tS.sO@4.IO per bar
rel; hard wheat straights, S404 .25
clears, $3.85@4.10; hard wheat nat.
ents, "a. 4O@4.7O; graham, $S.5O@4;
whole wheat, s4@4.25; rye -four,
$3.50.
Millstuffs-Bran, SO per ton; mid
dlines, $3.50; shorts, $2I; chop, SIS:
linseed, dairy food. SO.
Hay-Timothy, $15@16 per ton
clover, 1909; grain. sl1@I2; cheat,
$II@l2.
Butter-Fancy creamery, 17k@2Oc
store, lS@l3kc per pound.
Eggs-Oregon ranch, Zoe.
Cheese-Full cream, twins, new
stock, 12@12kc; old stock, 7@8c;
Young America. 13@14c.
Poultry-Fancy hens, ISe per pound
old hens, l216@1Sc; mixed chickens.
l2@l2kc; old ROSTERS, lOc; young roos-
ters, l2@lSc; springs, u to 2-pound,
lS@l9c; to 11f-pound, 19@20c; ;
dressed chickens, 13@14c; turkeys,
live, 14@l6c; do dressed, l5@l6c; do
choice, 10000; geese, live. 6@7c; do
dressed, S@9c; ducks, old, $6@6 80 per
doz; do young, as to size, s2.6O@4.
Vegetahles-Turnips, $1.25 per sack
carrots, $3.50; beets, $1.25; parsnips,
$I.25; cabbage. lk@lAc; lettuce,
head, 25@40c per doz; parsley, 25c;
tomatoes, 81 75a2; cauliAower, $l.75
az; celery, 10000; asparagus, SOC;
peas, 4g6c per pound; beans, green, 4
@5c; wax, 4@5c; squash, 1926 per
crate; green corn, 60c per doz; onions,
new, red, $l.SO per cwt; yellow, 81. rs.
Honey-$S@S.50 per case.
Potatoes-Fancy, old, $1.25@I. 40
per GENITAL; new Early Rose, &c per
pound; Garnet Chile, 21zc.
Fruits-Cherries, 4@5c per pound I;
gooseberries, &c; raspberIies, 81 .25 per
crate; apples, new, $1@l.50 per box;
apricots, $1@1.S5; plums, SOc@$1;
peaches, Yellow Crawford, 85@90c;
others, 5O@75c; cantalOupes, s2.50@
2.75 per crate; watermelons, &c per
pound; prunes, $1.25 per box; grapes,
81; Bartlett pears, $1.75@2.
Beef-Dressed, 5@61sc per pound.
Mutton-Dressed, 4@5c per pound ;
lambs, &c.
Dressed, 100 TO l25, 6@7c per
pound; 125 to 200, 5@51kc 200 and
up, Sk@4c.
Polk--Dressad, 100 to 100, 7@716c;
150 and up, 6@7c.
Hops-l9OS crop, 21@24c per pound.
Wool-yalley, 10000 per pound
Eastern Oregon, l0@17C mohair, soc
per pound for choice.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Directory Of Oreaon Officials.

Salem-Secretafy of State Dunbar
has issued an official directory contain
ing the names, addresses and official
positions of the state and county off,
GERS, The directory is in the form OF a
small pamphlet. Copies have been sent
to all officers and others desiring copies
can secure them by applying to the sec
retary of state. In this publication the
political affiliation of each county off,
Ger is shown by letter following the
name. Many of the states publish an
official "blue book" containing several
hundred pages and giving complete in
formation concerning the careera. of
public officers. The pamphlet issued
by Oregon contains but Is pages and
contains the information most frequent
ly desired by persons transacting busi-
ness with public officers.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Coming Events.

spiritualists' campmeeting, New
Era, July 2-25.
Willamette Valley Chautauqua as
sembly, Gladstone Park, July 1924.
Southern Oregon Chautauqua as
sembly, Ashland, July 1922.
North Pacific regatta, Portland, July
1928.
Grand lodge, 1. o. R. NJ, Seaside,
July 1924.
Oregon Development association con-
vention, Portland, August 2.
American Mining congress, Portland,
August 22-27.
State Medical society, Portland,
August 80.
Annual reunion Of Southern Oregon
pioneers, Jacksonville, September /.
State fair, Salem, September 1919.
Fair, Portland, September 1924.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Profit from 4 Volcano

Mexico City, July 2O.-The formal
transfer of the volcano Popocatepstl
to New York capitalists will be com.
pleted this week. The Inter-O Ocean
railway will take the sulphur from the
volcano to Vera Cruz. It is believed
that sulphur can be landed at New
York for s48 per ton (gold), which
would make the sulphur an effective
competitor Of the Italian article. The
reorganization is interpreted here to
mean that the German directors weYe
not willing to support the Standard in
lighting the other oil intereata.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
ALARn IS KEEN.
British Press Sees Peace Hanging
In the Balance.

London, July 2S.--The authoritative
assurances that the Malacca will be re-
leased, cablod by the Associated Press
from ". Petersburg 10 the United
States, do not appear In the British
morning papers. Special dispatches
TO somewhat similar effect from 81.
Petersburg do not allay the alarmlst
views Of .he leading organs which ron.
strue Premier Baltour's post midnight
announcement that the government had
received no confirmation Of the report.
ed release OF tho Maiacca TO mean that
the incident remains unsettled.
Another cause for great apprehension
10 the broader question Of Russia's
right 10 send vessels Of her volunteer
iieet through the Dardanelles. A strik.
Ing evidence that the danger OF the
situation has not been mitigated In the
least, 20 far as British official and pub
lie opinion is entertained, is afforded
by the Daily Telegraph, which, under
large heading, IAN Acute Affair."" de-
claIes that relations between Great
Britain and Russia have reached the
state OF an acute crisis, but behind the
incident OF the Malacca Is the far larger
question Of the status Of the so.called
volunteer feet.
1T has. we believe. been made clear
to the czar's government that the trans-
formation OF merchant vessels passing
through the Dardanelles into armed
cruisers cannot be recognized under any
pretext whatever as justiiying Russia's
interference with British shipping. 1t
10 not impossible that as concession
to Rustia dignity, the government
may offer 10 permit the Malacca 10 put
into some neutral port where her cargo
may ba examined and the statement
verified that whatever munitions she
carried were intended for the use Of the
British China squadron"
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
VIII Trust TO DlDIomacv.

Washington, July 25.--The Peruvi-
all Legation here has received a cable
gram from Lima confirming the pub
lished reports of the signing Of the
treaty between Brazil al Rio de Janeiro
and establishing mods viyenda be-
tween Peru and Brazil for the govern
ment OF the region at the headwaters
of the rivers Yurua and Puruss, other
wise known as the Acre territory. 1t
is understood that both sides will with
draw their troops from the disputed
territory, trusting to diplomacy to set.
tie the question Of title permanently.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
riore rien charaed win outraae.

Cripple Greek, July 23.--Informa-
tion charging Pearl SHELTON with muir
der and completely with the Independ-
ence depot outrage on June 8 was filed
in the district court today. 1t was an
nounced that information making sim.
liar charges will be filed against Will.
liam A. Akreman, +. II. Mulaney, A.
L. Nugent and William Gaffney later.
Frank j. Hangs, local attorney for the
Western Federation Of Miners, said
today that none OF the men arrested
for the killing Of Roxie Magee ON June
9, in the Victor street riots, was guilty.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
DeveIOpincELime DepOslt.

Roseburg Messrs. Greenlcy and
Strand, OF Portland, have 10 or IL men
at work building tramway and fur
mace for the manufacture Of lime on
the farm OF Hon. Plinn Cooper, seven
miles south Of this city. They have
bonded 100 acres Of land containing
rich limestone deposits and expect to
develop same on an extensive scale.
The modern continuous furnace aystem
Will be used. A railway spur track,
about three miles long, will probably
De put in from the main line Of the s.
Z. K. r., at Green's station.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
BRrAk or a GREAT DAN.
Pennsylvania Valley Flooded and
nuCh Property DESTROYED.

ScOttdale, Pa. July 2O.--With the
roar of Niagara, the new reservoir Of
the Citizens' Water company burst at
midnight and more than SOC, 900. 900
gallons of water rushed down the val
ley, sweeping buildings in its path.
1t was discovered about 8 O'Clock
that the dam was in danger of break
ing and messengers were hastily sent
through the valley to warn the people.
Hundreds Of lives were thus saved, for
few hours later the whole valley was
under water.
The damage to the machinery and
reservoir alone will amount to ct least
$4,000. When the torrent swept
down upon the valley, buildings were
torn from their foundations and carried
on the crest of the great wave like 40
many washtubs. Crops valued at
thousands Of dollars were completely
wiped out.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
ARrIrs MEET NEAR TONG scHu.
Russian Losses put al 400, Jap
aReSx Losses at 400.

Russian Losses put at 2,IOO, Jap
aReSs Losses at 200.
Chicago, July 21.--A special to the
Daily News from Niu Chwang says;
Hard fighting has been going on for
several days in the neighborhood of
Tong Schu, eight miles east of Ia Tche
Kiao. 1t is rumored that the Russian
loss in Last nights engagement was g.
100 and the Japnaese 200. The Jap
anese also have been in active contact
with the Russians east of Hal Cheng,
where there have been many minor ac-
tions.
ALI along Kuropatkin's flank and
front the Japanese are moving into po-
sition but the general attack is being
postponed until supplies and reinforce
ments come to the front. Progress
along the muddy roads and mountain
passes is slow.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Lao Said TO BE Scaled.

London, July 2l.-The Times Toxic
correspondent, cabling under date of
July 19 says: Japanese military
critics anticipate renewed efforts by
General Kuropatkin to recover the Mo
Tien positions, which are essential to
the security of his army if it remains
in the present position" The corre-
spondent adds that it is rumored in
Toxic that three Japanese torpedo boat
destroyels have sealed the Lao river,
where the Russian gunboat Sivoutch
and a Russian torpedo destroyer are
anchored.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
HELD UP BY SHOT.
Russian Steamer Stops British YES.
sci In the Red Sea.

London. July 20.--A dipsatch from
Alden to the Daily Mail says that the
captain Of the British steamer Waipara
reports that the Russian volunteer
steamer st. Petersburg signaIled him
to stop by firing across the bows Of his
vessel on July Is, while 20 miles oF
Jebel zugur, in the Red sea.
The Russians examined the papers
Of the Waipara and declared thew
would hold his ship as q prize. The
captain protested, and waa taken on
board the St, PeteFsbasg, whore he
gave the Russian officers a guarantee
that there were neither arms nor am.
intuition on board the Waipara deatin-
ed for Japan. The vessel was detained
for iour hours and was then allowed To
proceed.
The captain confirms the report that
the Peninsular & Oriental company's
steamer Malaica was seized in the Red
sea July Is by the st. Petersburg ON
the ground that she carried arms and
ammunition of war for the Japanese
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
rortv.Slx Clerks Emploved.

Yankton, S. D., July 21.-seven
thousand people registered for Rosebud
land here today, and the rush tomorrow
will be still greater. The Milwaukee
road divided its morning train into six
sections and the evening train into two.
The total registration at Yankton alone
lie now ovss= 10000, and will reach the
so 900 mark before closing Saturday.
Forty-six clerks are now employed. and
this force will be increased indefinitely
to take care OF the people.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
panama NoM GoId STANDARD.

Washington, July 25.--Tbe Panama
canal commission today received infor.
nation from the government Of Pana-
ma OF the ratification Of the money
system of the new government in ac-
cordance with the agreement reached
by the joint commission. Panama is
now gold. standard country.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Cinnabar rlav Be Round

Grants Pass-W. G. Slade, who has
a placer mine on Johnson gulch, trib-
utary of Sucker creek, near California
Bar, has located a fouT-foot ledge Of
gold bearing quartz, partially on his
placer claims. Mr.. Slade is firm be-
lever in the excellence of his section
as mineral district and believes that
valuable deposits Of cinnabar will in
time be uncovered. MI Slade says he
has found amalagmated gold in running
drifts, 40 feet below the surface.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Hemmed n 81 Bl0 rlre

0roville, CAL, July 2O.--Fire at the
Bella View mine, near La Porte. today
destroyed the mill, engine room and
other buildings close to the mouth Of
the big tunnel. A huge Pile Of timber
lay close to the mouth Of the tunnel
and this caught on fire. Four men
were working in the tunnei when the
fire broke out and fears are entertained
for their safety, as the tunnel is strong
ly timbered and it is thought these
timbsrs will catch fire from the huge
fire now blazing.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Bandits raid At win.

Tangier, July 20.--The mountain
tribes, apparently satisfied that they
have nothing to fearsfrom the govern.
men, are looting the entire countryside
outside Of Tanger. They approached
to within a few miles of this place yes
terday and carried away hundreds Of
head Of sheep and cattle.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Orc Specimens From DouoIas.

Rosehurg-Hon. A. Le Roy, of the
Oregon Information bureau, Of Port
land, was here last week and procured
a quantity of fine mineral exhibits from
this county. which will be placed in
the bureau headquarters in Portland
oefore the opening of the sessions Of the
American Mining congress to be held
in Portland in August.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Case of Senator Burton lin.

Washington, July 25.--Justice Brew
er, Of the United States supreme court
has granted witt of error to the
United States district couat for the
eastern>district of Missouri in the case
OF Senator Joseph B. Burton, convicted
in st, Louis of accepting fee for serv-
ing before the postoffice department
while q member Of the United States
senate. The case will be reviewed by
the United States supreme court, prob.
ably in the fall.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Sound 10 Prevent. passaae.

London, July 2O.-The Standards
Toxic correspondent, cabling under
date Of July II, says the ,Jiji Ehimpo,
in an editorial, expresses the hope that
Great Britain win see that Turkey
lends Russia no assistance by allowing
steamers Of the volunteer feet to paaa
the Dardanelles. The Jill Shimpo de-
clares that Great Britain is bound, IN.
der the terms Of the Anglo-Japaness
alliance. TO prevent such assistance
being given.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
FLAX crop w,lH Re Es:r.

Salem--Harvesting Of the fax crop
began this week and, though the sea-
son has been unfavorable, Eugene
bosse says that the crop will be fairly
good. The fax stalks are from 20 to
"a inches long. In fields where the
stalks are 30 inches or more in length,
the fiax is being pulled. In other
fields 1t will be cut with q mower
Mr.. Bose has LOG acres of fax Of his
own and has contracts with 3 number
OF farmers who are raising fax.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Increase Of Capital Stock.

Louisville, July 2S.--At the stock
holders meeting Of the Southern Pa
ciflc held at Beechmont today, $780,
900 Of the $4,000 shares Of stock
were represented by proxies in the
hands Of Judge E. P. Humphrey, who
acted as chairman. "A resolution in
cTeasing the capital stock of the COM
pany $lO0, 900, 600 by the issue of pre-
ferred stock was adopted. Attorney j.
B. Weaver acted as secretary. None
of the other stockholders was, present.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Hears She win Release Shlns.

Paris, July 2S,--Information reach
ing government quarters here leads the
officials to believe that Russia will re-
lease the British and German merch-
antmen seized in the Red sea, as q
means of averting International COM
plications.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28
Laborers Needed at Oreoon civ.

Oregon City-Labor of all kinds was
never more plentiful nor were wages
ever better than they are in this city
this season. It seems impossible to
find available men to perform the
many improvements that are being
made. The Willamette Pulp & Paper
mills has been advertising for addition
al men to assist in the building Of their
new mills where 200 laborers are al
ready employed. The management of
the local Woolen mills is finding it next
to impossible to engage a sufficient
force of operatives.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28

st. Petersburg, July 1.-The United
States has informed Russia that she
will be glad to join Great Britain in
the protection Of the seals at the Kom-
mander islands. This act will doubt
less make the best impression. It is
understood that Russia will commune
cate her answer in a few days.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-07-28

London, July 28.-According to a
special dispatch from Moscow, the Rus
sky Listok OF that city confirms the As-
sociated Press report from Liao Yang
that the Japanese have broken through
the Russian left flank and are march
ing on Mukden.