Waterbury evening Democrat., 1904-08-29
HUNoARYs INDEPENDENCE
Historical Sketch of the Ancient Mag
 var Kingdom and Its Po- Hae litical Struggles.

Ancient Pannonia was occupied b, Romans, Huns, Goths, Avars ant Slavons, but these peoples did not sue ceed in holding it long. The Magyar Prince Arpad founded there 1000 years ago the constitutional Hungarian state which, says Emil Zerkowitz, editor oi she Budapest Export Review, became in the year 1000 the apostolic kingdom which has held together all its terri tories and populations through ter centuries in the same boundaries, the same national character, nay the same political organization. Until 1526 thii kingdom had an independent life, and under the kings, Saint Stephen, Louis the Great and Matthias Corvinius it wal 8 leading state of Europe. In the six teenth and seventeenth centuries the invasion of the Osmanlis compelled the country to ally itself with Austria, but it never abdicated its national inde pendence sanctioned by treaties and laws. Tn the war of Rakoczy, the Mag vars rallied to the princes of Transyl. vania and fought against Austria foi religious freedom. From 1790 to 184s the whole nation struggled for polit. ical reforms, and the glorious war oi Kossuth in 1s4S and 1s4s was fought for the liberal constitution obtained by those struggles. The offensive pow CT of Kossuth was broken down by Russian intervention, but until 186t the nation displayed an indomitable passive resistance, and succeeded in 1867, by the wisdom and prudence oi Francis Deak, in restoring it's fnde- pendence.
 Tn that year the relations between the Austrian empire and the Hunga- rian kingdom were fully regulated by this agreement the two states are per fectly independent of each other, pos sessing each it's legislative power and its executive departments.
 The close political connection sub sists through the identity of the SOW ereign and the community of foreign affairs, military and naval affairs and finances relating to these common af- fairs.
 Tn the sense of the compromise the two states freely agreed to have the 1esAAAO 5y 0NOAA4 OA SOAAu5Os AA WCAGAAIo csAQ measures, 8 joint issue and common commercial representatives (consulsl abroad. Legislative power relating to common affairs is exercised by the par Maments of both states, the delegations being only committees of the two par 1iaments, having the right to fix the expenditure for common affairs.
 Tn all other matters Hungary is an Independent state, living under the reign of It's own king, having it's own government, it's own parliament; this latter being not a diet, but legislature coordinate to the Austrian reichsrath.
 The customs union with Austria is the freely consented treaty of two in- dependent states. similar to the cus- toms union which the German states had before 1866. The Austro- Hunga- rian customs union, freely renewed ev- cry year, failed to be contracted anew in 1899 and has ceased in principle. For certain political and economical reasons it has been in fact maintained, as 1t seemed not wise In the present critical state of the general economi- cal relations to try the bold experiment of placing Hungarian economical life upon wholly new terms.