Daily Kennebec journal., 1904-04-12

before him. Tho official record OF thn
hearing will contain the remarks nf
III" court ana counsel. MIR. Small Was
much liked By the members Of the
Maine bar ana his death is t, them the
loss Of Il personal friend. The tributes
are published in full below. Most of
tn" session Was occupied with The
testimony of George G. WhpplC, the
expert &cM York chemist.
Col. j.. e. stevens OF Chelsea VAS the
first witness Of the afternoon who
t,stiiivI as follows: Am supcrintrn-
den: If thu state Capitol For drinking
prrrnst4 there we use spring water
which is pirrl into the building. These
springs about half a mile away and are
walled M and housed over"
Mr.. Whpp". who WAS on the stand
most of saturdays session. then re-
sumcd the stand and continued his
tcstimcnCy as u the analysis Of tire
kemchcc river water. He testified.
''rnc typhoid bacillus. fUund III water
is unanimously recognized as the cause
of typhoid fever. 1t is very difficult to
isolate this bacillus i'll ordinary cxHlni-
nation. The ordinary test is for the
colon bacillus which is quite similar T.
tire typhoid bacillus 1t is Il good index
10 the pollution OF water. Its mere pre-
Scnce Npuld not iTdcratc sewerage pol
luton. The number of such buccilii is
the important factor. Their presence IN
lai gc numbers indicates the presence oi
f"cal matter in the water. Such pollu-
ton IS practically sure to mean the pes
cncc OF the typhoid hacillHs which al
50 comes fron the human ho|clS. IN
our tests wC use 10 cubic ccnti'nct"rS
or water. also l cubic ccntrneter ANA
10 of IL cubic ccntinctcr. one cubic
cCntimntcr contains about 20 drops or
Is of Il tcaspoonful. There are several
forms Of toSt. There are several intcr-
mcdiltc forms Of facilus between the
color bacillus and the typhoid bacillus
The StroptocOcci is another bacillus
NhiCh indir;ltcs the presence of scW' T.
age. Cholera and dysCntcry are trans
mlttcl hy infected water rs Wcll a5
typhpId fever. The Warren filler here is
not on" to caus" any improvement III
the uu"lity or the water. Samples OF
water from the intake and from
faucet III the city show the Same pU"li-
IT, The tlIrhidity was 4 little decreased
Ivy the filter, but the color was not
changed and the bacteria were practi-
cilly as numerous in one sample rs the
other. There is always some improve
mont ~ water passes through pipes.
The filter WAS never OF any value from
= sanitary standpoint.
The number of bacteria per cubic
ccntimctcr in the river water was 3l3 il
August, 1903. rising to G2t in November,
', n in T.,
u A66 in February and 20,65f in March.
This indicates Il much NOR" poiil'"H
condition Of the water after IN" lc"
formed Sixty-tW0 FER cont. OF ""
samples Of water responded 10 tn" test
for the colon bacillus. This Indicates
u ycly polluted condition of the waite.
These facts and the study of the Wa
tprSncd conditions make ir" hcli"N"
that the water is diluted q; all time
ana totally unfit for domestic uses.
Sand filtration or rucchInicAl filtration
would make il pure The former would
hc more satisfactory here. Tn" latter
is better adapted to the muddy and tur-
bill waters Of the West. TIL" chemical
commonly used in mcchInical Ultra
ton is alum. There is too little aliia-
linity in the water here at some seasons
or tnn wear to make mechanical iiltra-
tinn by alum cffct tive. The SLOW Sa1d
method is simple and requires lcSScAr".
The Devinc water is not satisfactory
from Il sanitary standpoint. bHcau;"
the spring, receive So much su:fac"
wash The various spring waters
sold here are all pure ana satisfactory.
I analyZed samples from various wciis
IL. NEnf,har ,,n,l hn
water from this pond is good from !
sanitary standpoint. In tn" theory ~
the standardization Of :; river the fac
tor of diiution is important. Between
Waterrillc and this city thcrc are q
few streams which dilute the rnllut"i
rivr water. The liklih0"u If hnct"ril
settling 10 the bottom is very small.
Should expect about aS many typhoid
germs III the dam in this city as ut tn"
mouth of tho Waterviil" SoNrr. Such
germs live about 80 days, 1s shown ~
laboratory experiments. Th-v live III
ice. hut not so long IS IL warmer w;itcr.
Sunlight is !";i,iinS factor in Eili,"
such germs. hut only affects those ON
thc surface. There are more hactc"iI
whom tha river is covered with icc.
examined the typhoid fever Statistics
here. Found the death rat" for Maine
in 1901 from typhoid % b. - pr loo
000 population. The fnt" WAS >; in tho
cities. The average typhoid death rare
of Augusta from 1N92 ~ 1900 iuclusi--r
WAS Go Der 100.0n0. Lewiston Bidda-
ford and Saco had higher rates. Tho.
highest heinc 1o.-rhcsc are State Board
Of Health figures. If the figures w"r,.
~ +ba titI-'e c1ar,-'S ya,arJ