The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1904-02-28
ADVICE is GIVEN
To 0RCHARDISTS
State Board Of Horticulture Is
sues a Bulletin.
TELLS HOW TO FIGHT PESTS
SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE as TO
THE BEST VARIETIES

+ Directions for the counteraction 81
( pear blight and apple and peach tree
/ borers are contained in bulletin No {
3of the state board of horticulture, jusi
issued The bulletin a'sO contains the
4 general horticultural law and rules
I formulas and recommends tons to com
bat insect pests II is being sent ou'
i by Secretary Joseph Hyrum Parry from
/ the headquarters Of the board Of horti-
/ culture ia the Deseret News annex.
/ Methods for destroying various insects
and fungus growths are described at
/ length. In the discussion of pear
blight, the following statesments are
made.
/ Pear blight is a highly contagious
bacterial disease of the pear and allied
/ fruit trees. II attacks and rapidly kills
I the blossoms, young fruits and new
twig growth. and runs down in the liv-
! ing bark TO the larger limbs. and thence
TO the trunk WhileThe bacteria them
selves rarely Kill the leaves. all the
/ foliage on the blighted branches must,
of course. eventually die. 1t causes the
foliage 10 turn to o uniform very dark
brown. the change taking place soHe-
times In two or three days. The leaves
do not fall from the trees. but remain
upon the branches, giving the paris the
! appearance Of having been scorched by
fire. The dead leaves are so conspicu-
Gus as to make the blight easily detect
ed. In the autumn and winter il is es-
pecially easy 10 recognize the diseased
branches, owing 10 their retention OF
the blackened leaves. The bark OF az
fected stems becomes shrunken and
brown or nearly. black.
To Exterminate Blight.
The only really satisfactory meth
cd OF controlling pear blight is. eXter-
minating the micrObe which causes il,
by cutting out and burning every par
ticie of blight when the trees are dor
manE Not single case OF active blight
should be allowed to survive the win
ter in the orchard or within half mile
or so from it. Every tree of the pome
family. including the apple. pear.
ounce Siberian crab apple, wild crab
apple. the mountain ash, service berry
and all the species of Crataegus. or
hawthorns. should be Examined for this
purpose, the blight being the same in
all. The Orchardist should not stop
short of absolute destruction of every
case, for a few overlooked may go "A
long way toward undoing all his work
Cutting out the blight may be done
in the winter or spring up to the period
q
however. is undoubtedly in the fall,
when the foliage is still on the trees
and the contrast between that on the
blighted ana that on the healthy limbs
is so great that it is an easy matter
to find all the blight 1t is important
TO cut out blight whenever il is found.
even in the growing season. At that
time of year, however, il cannot be
hoped TO make much Roadway against
the disease. as new cases constantly
occur which are not sufficiently deVel-
Oped to be seen when the cutting is
done. In orchards where there are only
a few trees, and the owner has suffi-
cient time TO go over them daily. he will
be able to save some which SvOuld 9th
er1vise be lost. However when the
trees stop forming new wood. the cam
paign should begin in earnest.
Tree Borers Discussed.
Apple and peach tree borers are thus
discussed
The round and fat-headed apple
tree borers and peach tree bOrer are
among the most destructive tree enc
mics the Utah orchardist has to com
bat. The fiat-headed borer affects
chiefly apples, peaches and plums.
which have been injured by sun scald
OF other causes, and is very deStTuC-
tive to young trees, many newly set
orchards having been destroyed before
il was learned what was affecting
them. Even where the tree is not
killed outright by the borer, it is often
crippled for life. The bOTer is a pale
cOlCred grub with d brown head. the
forepart OF the body being greatly fiat
tened. The matuTed hectic is green
ish-black or bronze-colored. copper
Colored on the under side, and flies by
day. The eggs are laid in ereviees of
the bark during May and June and
soon hatch out. the larvae or worms
bore into the tree and at once begin
their destructive work, its casting be
ing the most prominent indication of
their presence. They inhabit both the
limb and the trunk of the tree. be
ing particularly injurious TO young
trees.
Like the round headed apple tree
borer. this insect is hard to control.
When small the larvae may be cut
out with the point of a knife. If deep
er i'm the Wood. il may be extracted or
punched to death in its hole with a
flexible wire. Whenever a borer is re-
moved, the debris and dead wood
should be entirely cleaned out and the
smooth surface left, taking care to pre-
serve the bark as much as possible
and smear over the wound WITH graft
ing wax Trees which are badly in
tested should be taken out and burned
a once
Wrapping the tree trunk with tar
paper or several thicknesses of com
mon newspaper, which should extend
an inch or two below the surface Of
the ground. and Il foot or more above
and be well tied. viii keep out the
insects. This win also prevent sun
scald The simplest application is that
Of poisoned whitewash. applied quite
early in the season, ana kept intact
until summer is over al least, and
The following is q good wash. suggest
ton.
Add to i've gallons -of whitewash
one pint or liquid glue. one-half pint
OF carbolic acid and one and one half
ounces Of Paris green. Apply 10 the
tree trunk with a paint brush or broom
about the LIST OF May.
Examine the Trees.
Examine the trees IN spring and
autumn of each year. and dig out or
destroy all larvae which can be 10
Gated. Clean culture VIII help ia the
warfare against borcrs Of all kinds
II is said that the peach tree borer
insect has killed more peach trees than
all other causes combined. Il also al
tacks the cherry and all stone fruit
trees. ana has 10 be fought BY nearly
every peach grower.
TO keep this enemy in check the
peach grower is recommended to visit
every tree twice each year-sprinE and
carefully remove the ground