The St. Louis Republic., 1904-09-25
plus sTail. II constitutes Il certain rl=slaca
10 American agricultural interests.
TARIFF REFORM QUESTION.


whichever party might ccne into power in
TIE rgxt administration. ssu attempt would
j." m'ide II 81 revision NJ the tarln- The
temper uf both conventions. however. -N-
clud"J from IT, platform any expression
upon this important subject which mI':e
any a,.nite premises the Republicans
scutc-tin- Ia. HSclyeS with the general
statement that II amy t"rn reform l. to
iT;Ist IL ~ th- hands of IN. friends of pro-
lection than To- i'S ereIuics A. the com
ylex!ou ~ the Sruat. niikrS Republican
control f"- some time - r"rtainty- AMY rp-
vision uf the tariff must necessarily b.
=! ld- .'ouG Republican iircS. with th.
APPARENT williug.s es st some Of th' more
fO= 20 gradual revision. - moderate 70
80: 1.f-ct existing Industries. thcf. Is still
= possibility dat something r,ly DO 'i"a-
- this direction
PRINCIPLES OF REVISION.
.'As the extent and direction Of lnis re-
vision. shouid il ever be undertaken. viii
necessarily he determined by purely po-
liticaI forces. economists are interested
mainly in the method b. wiich il may be
undertaken. Few. il any OF the leaders
now in Congress. have even 4 rnodicum @.
the knowledge necessary for the revision
Of the tariff. This may be said without
any disparageInsnt. Tor. IN fact. there a's
few men in the whole country VINO have
that knowledge only by extended and
painsta king Investigation along strictly
scientific lines can the effect OF the pres
ent tariff or OF proposed changes b.
ascertained The following principles may
be laid down as generally admitted by
impartial authorities. .tlb on account or
the vast size of the interests involved.
sudden changes in the tariff are danger
Gus 20 the welfare OF the country. ~ for
the same reason. violent changes are
equally dangerous; 81 changes should.
therefore. b. gradual and announced long
in advance, ~ to ascertain the exact ef
feet Of present duties OF to estimate the
probable effect ~ proposed changes rr-
quireS . careful study OF caCh OF t!ie in
dGStri,s or branches of trade affected. not
only IN this country. but IN other Coun-
tr!tS. whose goods are affected. -! y
these four points BE- granted, then no sxi-
s.u,ivS can arise which should bs allowed
10 prevent what the nature OF IN. work
20 be looking to revision requires. namely.
4 long ard careful investigation OF every
possible effect Of the tariff
Their. is rO reason for Gropin- in the
dark when b. little provision in advance
We might walk in the light
In the morning Professor 2 ID. Jones
Of III. University or Michigan delivered an
address in the section OF commerce and eN-
change on the subject o. changing rela-
t!onS between the manufacture. and the
retailer. He stated that. owing 20 the
progress Of modern machinery and The in
creEsc in size of the manufacturing es-
had been reduced to a mere auJOmatoa In
the process Of trade.
or Jones. have placed so many OF the
necessary BIllCiF~ pI NE INTO 1Ilf 4lhU'4~
of the retail merchant in Il compac; form.
with directions inscribed. and with the
price on the package that there - moth
ing left for the merchant 20 do hut stand
behind the counter and hand out the pack
ages as they are asked for
RESULT OF ADVERTISING.
ITO such an extent has the Inanufac-
turer assumed the functions cf the ner
chant that the NEST ignorant person in a
very short time can learn TO manage the
average retail store The manufacturer
controls all the essential means and con-
dltions Of distribution" continued the
speaker. Professor Jones stated that
there was one escape Of the retailer from
this condition. and that Is when The great
manufacturing concerns reach 4 state OF
advertising 40 extensive that the nur-
chaser is bewildered. then the merchant
y.iil assume his old position OF adviser to
the public as TO which articles 10 buy.
AT the section of American history. Doc
tor James SchOuler Of Boston presided.
Professor Frederick J. Turner OF the | nj
versity Of Wisconsin was the first speaker.
He spok. on The Problems in American
History in part as follows:
'Th. Importance Of American history
les chiefly in its contributions To social
evolutions. Its problems arise from this
fact. We should study the United States
n a growing and expanding society colo
nIZing in its advance separate physio-
graphic provinces. comparable in size and
resources 10 the nations Of Europe We
should study the development and inter
action Of these provinces Certain impor-
tant topics like the land history. the In
dian. the negro. the law etc. have been
neglected Neglected periods like the eco
nOmic and social history of America in the
r ghte.nth Century and the generation
since the Civil War need study. Among
the areas neglected are the up-country Of
the South and the region between the
Mississippi and the Rockies"
Professor Edward C. Bourne of Yale Uni
vcrsity spoke on The Relations of Amer
lean History With Other Fields Of HIS
torical study" Speaking OF Spain'S part
In the history of America. Professor
Bourne said:
II have ventured to advocate a broader
treatment of the history of E:IroDsan colo:
nization in the New World. which will
accord to the work OF Spain more ap-
preciative recognition and which may not
lie without interest and value 20 us now
that we have undertaken 20 shape the
history Of millions Of people whose ear
lier acquisitions Of European culture came
through Spain or to those t;uropean ra-
on their hands, Professor Eyarts Il.
Greene Of the University of Illinois. and
Professor Marshall 5. Snow OF Washing
ton UniveIA.y delivered ien-r1inute talks.
ART SF BELI.ES-LETTRES
Professor Brander Matthews Of Column
bia University. at the meeting o. the sec
tion OF belles-lettrss. discussed the sub
ject from the standpoint OF Present
the study OF belles-lettres to-day was to
study the literature Of to-day with view
OF bringing into clearer light and prom
inence the art IL contained
Professor Matthews was followed by
Professor Henry Schofieli OF Harvard uni-
versity. discussing the Relations OF
Belies-te,tres" The Present Problems
OF English Literature" was discussed by
Professor John Hoops o: the University
of Heidelberg.
The reoIiremautx for success are legion
TO the student OF mining engineering. ac-
cortling to the statements Of Professor
Robert Richards OF the Massachusetts In-
Stitute Of Technology. who read a paper
in the section Of mining and engineering.
In the first place. contsnded the speak
e., the student must have at least gen
tral knowledge of the hest portions OF
American ard English literature. So that
he may be- cultured and meet his fellows
affably. He must also speak and write
the English language well he should
have a general and reading knowledge uf
several foreign ianeua geS. so that he may
read the writings Of foreign authors on
Professor Samuel B Christy OF the Uni
verSitv OF California. in his lecture. de-
scribed g class OF practical student ensi-
ncers which he had established in cali !
fcrni. over fifteen years ago Professor
ChriSty urged the advisability OF sending |
the st idsrt to the mining fields aS coon
"a possible 50 that his training could De
practical as well as theoretical Early |
training in the mines teaches the student
the attitude at the miners toward their
employers. and this attitude. gotten while I
the'student is youn. and sympathetic. -
OF the utmost Importance. inasrnuch as
many Of the mining labor disputes result
from the failure of the employers iO un- !
derS.anI the position or the men. con
ciu,i.d the speaker. Besides tn. practical !
.Nperi@ncs Professor thrtSty urged the /
necessity for physical training To fit the |
student for the hard life Of the mining |
engineer
CHI-ECH HISTORY