davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The leader., 1904-09-10
LATEST LIFE-sAvINo GUN.


When, owing to fog Of storm, ship
IL wrecked anywhere along an Inhabited
coast. prompt efforts are made on shore
to rescue. the passengers and crew.
Where 4 regularly organized iife-saving
service exists 1t Ii customary To keep,
in addition to q suitable boat. means for
throwing line to the stranded vessel.
This. having been made fast to the ship
and also on land, Is used as . sort Of rail-
way on which q peculiar form or buoy
or life car, is made to travel to and fre.
TO establish the first communicates
with the wreclsit Is customary to attach
one end Of the line to q light projectIle
that Is fired from q gun. II the aim u
accurate and the velocity suHicient the
shot will go over and beyond the vessel
and fall SO as to bring the line within
the grasp Of the sailors. The rest Of the
work is comparatively easy,
One OF the latest improvements I'm
such work relates to the form OF the
gun. Until recently the latter has ale
The leader., 1904-09-10
CONDEMN ABBREvIATloN.
Physicians Dislike the Too-Common
Practice of People Calling
Them "Doc."

''The St Louis physicians who are
making a crusade on the abbreviation
Doc now in such common use, are do
ing good thing" said an old physician,
'and hope the thing will spread to
other sections of the country Doc,
for doctor, has been in use a good long
time and has enjoyed good run in the
popular estimate. 1t is much easier to
say doc than doctor and suppose
in this age, when time counts for so
much, the difference in the time re-
Quired to roll the two expressions from
the tongue amounts to something,
though am not advised that the st.
Louis physicians have objected to the
use of doc on the ground of the time
wasted in saying doctor
"The main objection seems to be on
the idea that doc is lacking in dignity
Doctor is more dignifed than doc
from the standpoint of the profession
al man. Besides, doctor is the correct
word. Why should men call doctor
doc? We might as well speak of the
professor as prof or say pres for
president sec for secretary. and so
on in an indefinite number of other in
stances. Physicians do not like to be
addressed as doc. They have objected
to the word from the very beginning Of
its use. and they will continue to object
to it as long as its use is continued.
''The crusade begun in St Louis
against doc is a good one, and it ought
to spread to every section of the country
where physicians exist We are sdoc-
tors If anything, and the term doe
is not only misfit, but it is offensive.
sincerely hope its use will soon be dis
continued
The leader., 1904-09-10
SENSE OF SMELL WEAKENED
The Progress Of Civilization Seems to
Have Made the olfactory Less
Sensitive.

Some one recently remarked that we
were losing the sense of smell In the
Boer war 1t was noticed that we had
not the keen eyeslgnt OF the hunter and
the savage. The primitive physical
qualities must needs 60 with ciyiliza-
ton, but as regards the sense of smell,
smoking no doubt. Is partly answer
able for this, says the London Graphic.
The frequent odor Of tobacco kills the
other scents and the sense OF smell
needs cultivation.
The ancient Romans paid homage to
It at their feasts; the odorous foun-
tains, the wreaths Of roses that
crowned the guests, the showers Of fra
grant petals that were waited down
AL these made for the sense Of smell.
The smell needs as much pandering as
the palate.
A keen nose is almost ais great an en-
1cyment as clear eye The odor oi
the red rose, when inhaled from its
caIyx and pressed against the face,
is said to be cure for headache Yer
bena Is good for the nerves. the arc
matte scents Of the pine forest are In
MIGRATING. the smell of the damp earth
after q shower Is delicious. the dying
strawberry leaves in the border on az
autumn day have 3 sweetness thai
those who love it can never forget
The leader., 1904-09-10
COMPLETED ALARM AND PARTS.

points you can connect with other APP
paratus.
Screw the bell on box in any desired
position. Fasten on switch, the most
convenient place being at one end. Place
battery inside box. To make circuit con-
necter screw a thin piece OF board on
back of box at {. Bore small hole in
this exactly same height as center Of
ring which winds alarm spring on back
of clock. Next screw on small piece Of
iron, n, over hole, and through this put
bolt, X. half Its distance
Screw on board one end Of brass piece.
S, so it will just touch bolt, k. On the
other end of bolt place small piece Of
wood three-uuarter inch BY one and one
quarter inch. Saw slit across one end
TO admit alarm ring A small hole can
be bored through the wood and the bolt
screwed through, which will hold. Coun.
tersink head three-eighths inch.
Now wire from one pole of battery
to binding post On bell. opposite post on
bell to post on switch, point On switch
to brass, S, on board e. Next wire from
iron, n, to battery. Now you are done.
When the alarm goes OF the unwind
ing Of the alarm spring screws the boil
against the brass and makes connection.
70 make neat Job, run wires inside 81
box, with small nail holes at posts to
run through 3. A. Watson, In Ameri-
can Agricultural
The leader., 1904-09-10
ORIGIN oF ANIMAL HUMPs.
French Writer Presents Theory
Which Is Interesting scien-
tito Men Everywhere.

An interesting study Of the origin Of
animal humps, such as are found on the
camel, and comparison with curious
Jumps that occur on the neck and Shout
ders Of native porters in Madagascar,
which appear to have arisen from anal
ogous causes has been made by a
French writer, M. Devaux, whose paper
on the subject, read originally before the
Societe de Biologie, Is thus noticed in
the Revue Scientifique:
IN. Devaux was struck with the hump
found on the back Of the neck Of Mala-
gasy porters. This class of persons is
alone affected, and the origin Of
the tumors may bea quite we'll de-
termined. They consist Of large
wens. often three IN number, one
on the neck and one on each Shout
der, and due to traumatism In fact, the
Malagasy porters carry two burdens, Of
almost equal weight, suspended at the
ends Of bamboo pole resting on the
shoulder at its middle They walk thus
for days with minimum weights Of 40 to
so Kilograms (SS to 1872 pounds. They
change shoulders when tired (which ex-
plains the two humps), and for this pur-
pose they slide the pole (which is
greased) over the muscles of the neck.
Besides this, the bamboo pole, while
resting on the shoulder, is always
in contact with the neck, which exA
plains why the middle tumor is the
largest.
The mechanism of the formation Of
humps in the zebra, the bison, and the
dromedary is identical, according to M.
DevauxAa curious and interesting anal
ogy. In the zebra and bison the hump is
found just at the level of the angle of
fiexion of the neck on the vertebral coll
umn, at the moment when the animal
browses-a very pronounced angle, be-
cause the neck is relatively short, and
the natural tumor, therefore, develops at
the exact place where the cellular tissue
is compressed by the knotty apophyses
of the last cervical vertebrae. In the
dromedary the hump in the middle of
the back Is found at the angle of flexion
formed by the vertebral column when
the animal kneels, and here also the
apophyses form bony corner which
penetrates roughly into the cellular it's
sue. In all these cases the pressure re-
suits in the formation of Serious pockets,
simultaneous injury. and the aCcumula-
ton Of serum; only in the animal these
wounds are of internal origin, while in
man they are external,
''The author should have tried also to
give similar explanation Of the double
hump of the camel, which is much less
easy to understand The nutri-
tive reserve which would appear, from
the standpoint of natural selection, to
be the reason for these humps, may pos
sibly be localized in points that other
factors have already indicated. In any
case the animals hump is hereditary.
May it become SO in the case of the Mala-
gasy porters?''
The leader., 1904-09-10
ALARM THAT WORKS WELL.
Any Bright Young Man Can Make
One at an Expense Of But
a Few Cents.

A young man with any mechanical
ability can easily make the following
electric alarm 1t will ring at the hour
set, and will keep ringing until the
switch is turned OF. There is no rolling
over for another nap.
The necessary materials are an cleo
trio bell, few feet of annunciator wire,
a switch, a dry battery, a left-handed
screw of any size wire and thread lit
can best be made from one and half
inch stove bolt), square piece Of Nor
way iron, say one and quarter inches
by one-eighth inch thick, with hole
tapped out in center for left-hand bolt
to fit, and piece of brass three-quarter
inch by two and half inches. Any
piece Of spring metal will do II you can
not get brass.
The alarm illustrated is mounted on
q neat little box.e about Is by inches.
1t holds eight batteries. Although one
is all that is necessary for the alarm, by
using several and q switch Of several
The leader., 1904-09-10
SUMMARY OF THE SITUATION.
Whole Russian Army is Pushing ON
Toward Mukden.

Whole Russian Army is Pushing ON
Toward Mukdem.
st. Petersburg, Sept. GA summary
of the war situation to date shows that
the whole Russian army, or at least
the main portion of it, is already above
Yentai station and is pushing on to-
ward Mukden.
Field Marshal Oyama's entire army
has crossed the Taitse river, and part
of it is hanging ON to Kuropatkin's
flank
A strong fianking column on the
east is pushing rapidly north, in the
effort to head off the Russians.
Against this column Kuropatkin has
sent out strong cavalry division to
the northeast, which, it is believed, is
already in position to check the Jap
anese fankers, while to the westward
Kuropatkin is moving a division to-
ward Sinmintin, 80 miles west of Muk-
den, to meet any interference that
may be attempted from the direction
of Yinkow or New Chwang.
Oyamas advance is reported to be
engaging the Russian rear. but it is
not expected to develop anything more
serious than series of rear guard &C.
tons tending to harrass Kuropatkin's
retreat.
The Japanese have thrown a strong
banking column across the Taitse river
at Benitzu, about thirty miles north
east of Liao Yang. This column is
hurrying to the northwest, and enjeav-
oring to get in between the Russian
army and Mukden. It is against this
movement that Kuropatkin has dis
patched Lieut.-Gen Rennenkampff
with strong Cossack division, which
1t is believed is already blocking the
eastern high road
Kuropatkin has three roads over
which he is marching toward Mukden,
besides the double tracked railroad.
The latter is chiefly occupied in the
transportation of guns and of equip
ment, of which there is a great guam
tity. The soldiers are marching in
light order. and most of the wounded
have already been dispatched north by
rail-
Gen. Kuropatkin, in telegram to
the general staff, filed at / p. M, Sep
TENDER 5, north of Yentai, says the
Japanese, on Sunday, engaged his rear
guard south of Yentai, the fight con-
tinuing until Monday.
The leader., 1904-09-10

warrior, became smitten with this
charms Of Navajo maiden, whose
mothers hogan adjoined his biyouac,
and in accordance with the customs Of
the girls people, sought out her father
and made him an offer of horses fol
the squaw. The offer was promptly re
fused, with the hope doubtless of OBJ
tanning a better one. but the young
man as promptly declined to increase
it and withdrawing his bivouac, set
about contriving plan to seize the
girl and carry her away to hiding
place in the mountains. where he hoped
to be safe from pursuit.
A day or two elapsed after the plans
of the young warrior were matured.
and then one morning just before dawn
as the girl was Fastening along a path
through dense tangle. of vines and
bushes, on her way to neighboring
spring for gourd Of water, the Ute
seized her, and smothering her cries
with his hand, carried her to his biv.
ouac and placing her on led horse.
mounted another and fed northward
with her towards the country Of his
people.
When the theft Of the squaw was
finally discovered party of Navajo
warriors quickly assembled, and head
ed by the father of the maiden, has
tened in pursuit. The fugitives were
quickly overtaken and the Ute was
compelled to settle the affair by the
payment of q double remuneration in
horses and silver trinkets.
''And what became Of the girl?"
asked an army officer OF one of the
pursuing party some time after the oc-
currence.
'.Oh, that's no matter!" replied the
warrior, with show Of annoyance at
the question. ssYou see" he continued
directly, when the father got the
horses the affair was ended, and the
squaw belonged to the Ute"
81 see, said the oficer. "The father
was more concerned in getting the
Ute's horses than in recovering his
daughter"
1.-THE white mans ways are differ-
emit, said the Navajo. apologetically.
evidently" said the oficer, s'but are
many girls stclen?"
EMO, replied the warrior. abruptly.
''It might cost more that way. It is
safer to buy. Possibly the squaws
would like 1t, he added. refiectively,
FOR after the squaw was stolen at the
council other squaws went often for
water in the early morning. They sang
Is they went, he added. and cooed
like doves that seek their mates, but
40 one came No. no, be concluded,
earnestly, '.let them COO. II is better
to buy"
n. r. BRINKERfsOFF,
Colonel u S. A., Retired.
The leader., 1904-09-10
THE DEAF MUTE HUSBAND.
Had One Advantage, He Didu't Have
70 Look When His Wife
gcolded.

Ata social gathering some time ago, .
number Of deaf mutes were present. Re.
treatments were served during the evening,
and IN handing small glass Of wine to one
Of the guests deaf mute gentleman hap
pened 70 spill few drops on his wife, i skirt.
The wife, relates The Philadelphia Public
Ledger, Il also deaf mute, and it was eYi-
dent chat she took the mishap IN q rather
irritable way She wrinkled up her fore
head and at once made series Of remark
fingers. The husband, looking exceedingly
apologize, made few motions In re.
turn.
One Of the guests, who had noticed this
little by-play, slyly slipped out bit Of paper
and peneiling something on it, handed It 70
i friend.
This Is what the Ietetr read:
No matter how badly afflicted, woman
can still scold.
The friend scrubbed IN return:
Yes, but in the present case the husband
is luckier than the average. He doesn't
have to look."
The leader., 1904-09-10
BATTLE BETWEEN FISHES.
Two Days Struggle Ia which 4
"Tiger" Shark Is killed BY
Smaller Enemy.

A remarkable instance Of large man.
eating shark being attacked and killed
BY small fish has occurred In the local
aquarium, says recent Honolulu 70
port
A shark measuring IL feet in length
was caught and placed in the shark pen
at the aquarium. II was Of the variety
known as tiger" and was an ugly
dark gray color. Eight men were neces.
sary to get 1t from shallow water into
the pen, which is 20 feet square AND
five feet deep.
When the shark was placed in the pen
q turtle and some small ash were ID
the water. Among the fish was one
about two feet in length, known as an
.ulua, which has much sharper teeth
than the ordinary fish, but its jaws are
not especially large.
For a day after the shark was put
into the pen the ulua was kept busy
lodging 1t, but the second day marked
change occurred, and visitors noticed
that the two fish we're swimming in
company. The ulua kept close under
the sharks belly. Round and round the
tank the pair swan, the shark trying to
conquer the ulua, as it had all Of the
other fish, and the ulua trying to remain
close to its enemy.
After several days Of this skirmish-
ing instead of swimming rapidly
around, the shark would suddenly turn
and lash the water and take an entirely
different course. 1t was first thought
that the creature had become enraged
at being confined In such a limited
space, but the cause was very different.
From being helpless. shrinking
coward the ulua had turned into des-
perate assailant, and was savagely at
lacking the shark. Apparently realiz-
ing that the tender ortion of the shark
was the belly and about the gills, the
ulua confined its attacks to- those parts
of its enemy. The little assailant would
dart under the big body, seize hold of
the flesh near the gills, and bite out
small sections. Every time the sharp
teeth of the ulua would tear away the
sharks flesh the monster would writhe
and thrash about in a frantic effort to
seize on its assaIlant, but a stroke Of
the tail would send the tiny combatant
out of harms way,
Often as the big gray body would rush
madly through the water the ulua would
snap at the tail or tear away the flesh
in other portions of the body. The wa
ter was churned up so that neither of
the combatants could be seen. The
smaller fish always fought close in upon
its opponent, where it was out of reach
of the enormous jaws and close to the
vital spots of the shark.
Thise warfare lasted for two days and
two nights. Big holes were made in the
sharks body. The flesh about the gills
was torn away, and great patches from
its belly. The entire lower part of the
shark was cut and Iacerated by the
sharp teeth of its savage little enemy.
Repeatedly the shark leaped two-thirds
of its length out of tie water in frantic
endeavor to escape from its pursuer.
The big fish finally gave up the con-
test and sought only to escape. The
ulua was transferred to another part of
the aquarium and the shark left in
peace. but the attacks by the small fish
had so weakened the shark that it died
few days after the ulua was removed
The leader., 1904-09-10

ways been a muzzle loader. BY degrees
q breech loader is now being substituted.
To get the best results the gun should be
adapted to conditions Of darkness, cold
and wet weather, which conditions are
directly opposed to the successful work.
ing Of the muzzle-loading gun, with It's
unprotected powder charge bags, its
open bore pointing skyward and closed
at the lower end, forming a natural re-
ceptacle for water, and its open igniting
primer and wooden carriage, which
must be securely tied down to prevent
recoiI Speaking Of the new system, the
Scientific American says:
THE improved life-saving gun is
considerably less than three feet in
length. and is built Of steel and special
bronze alloy, which resists the action of
salt air and water. The gun tapers from
the breech, where the greatest strain
comes, to a diameter of i've inches at the
mtlzzle. A special self locking mechan-
ism, at once the simplest and having the
sfewest working parts Of any yet devised,
closes the rear Of the bore in such way
that any water finding Its way into the
gun will be instantly drawn out. The
firing hammer with its safety device is
actuated by lanyard, and relies wholly
on the pull of the gunner, all the springs
and delicate latches ordinarily used in
army cannon being entirely eliminate
ed. To prevent the troublesome and dam
gerous jumping back Of the gun when
fired 1t is provided with simple liquid
recoil checks attached to the trunnions
and operating very similarly to the
common door check. Instead Of having
the powder charge in loose wooden bag
open to moisture, 1t is contained, togeth.
er with its primer, in a hermetically
sealed bronze cartridge core, which slips
easily into the breech of the gun. After
the cartridge has been inserted and the
breech closed the projectile carrying the
line is inserted in the muzzle and showed
home. This projectile is cylindrical
shot, rounded elliptically at the inner
end and having means for securing the
shot line at the outer end"
The leader., 1904-09-10
That church IA ar.

ssYou'll come TO our bazaar to-mor-
row, Of course. Mr.. Jones'. Sid the
bewitching Miss Robinson; and you
must be sure to bring great lot y
money with JON.
She spoke SO winningly that Jones'
made the long contemplated plunge.
and was duly accepted
And now, dear. said Miss Robinson
& little later, ION second thought
think yon had better not come TO our
bazar tomorrow. we shall need Az
our money now. and It's scandalous
hoz they rob people at these bss
gars Tit-Flt
The leader., 1904-09-10

The forces of Kuropatkin and oya.
ma are racing for Muk1en. This much
stands out in the news of Monday, and
Is indicated in report forwarded by
kuropatkin, who says that his retreat
Is being conducted in perfect order,
though the Japanese ON Sunday repeat.
eddy attacked his rear, and continued
the attack until Monday. The result
of the race is in doubt. The united
Russian forces are now north OF Yet
tai, station on the railway about ten
miles northeast of Lao Yang. They
are pushing on to Mukden, to which
he bulk of the Japanese force is march.
ing direct, after swarming across the
Taitse river. A strong Japanese flank
Ing column is about thirty miles north
east of Lao Yang, and is trying to get
between the Russian forces and Muk-
den.
With this race in progress, there
comes brief dispatch from Mukden,
saying that preparations for the evacu-
alton Of that place are proceeding.
This report, IL well founded, as is
pointed out in the st. Petersburg dis
patches, would mean the abandonment
Of the whole of southern Manchuria
and the winding up of the campaign.
1t was reported in st. Petersburg
ut late hour Monday night that XII
ropatkin's rear guard had been almost
Rnnihilated, and that the main Rus
sian army was in danger of being sur
rounded.
Kuropatkin in his report makes no
mention of the abandonment of 200
guns at Lao Yang, a rumor to which
effect is in circulation.
Advices from Port Arthur by way of
Che-Foo bring the fighting there up to
September 2, and say the Japanese
losses were very heavy.
The leader., 1904-09-10

The DURHAM Is q fruit 81 malodorous
fame which is found IL the islands Of
the East indies. It is Of round Or
oval shape. green and prickly ON the
outside, but having SOFT cream-c0l-
ored pulp Of 8 delightful taste. Were
It not for the disagreeable odor It
would probably become one OF the
most popular fruits bnt 80 strong and
lasting II the naussating smell that
should one alre even taste Of DURHAM
S. would bs unable to minx|e With sss
eIslg fQF soml tine Attn.
The leader., 1904-09-10
NO cas-.

Net long ago an old colored woman, Of
Virginia, visited doctor and informed HIM
that, her husband was seriously i'll. The
doctor fastened home. with her, and upon
making a diagnosis Of the mans case in
formed the wife that he had hopeless case
of gastritis.
"Gastritis!" calculated the old woman.
ode lawd knows / don't know how he
ever got gastritis, cause / don't burn
thing but coal and lie in dis house, an but
powerful little Of that. = Phiadelphia
Ledger.
The leader., 1904-09-10
VISITING THE PRESIDENT.
Humorist wilder Had Many Inter
esting Things to Say, But
Forgot Them.

Marshall r. Wilder, the numorist, en-.
joys telling Of his first call upon pres
ident Of the United States. This occurred
during the administration Of President
Harrison, and, according to Mr.. Wilder,
says Womans Home Companion, the in
terview, quite dsferent from what be had
imagined 1t would be, took place about like
this:
Taken in by Mr.. Halford, the presidents
secretary. Were introduced Mr.. Presi-
dent, Mr.. Wilder; Mr.. Wilder, Mr.. Presi-
dent
How do you do, Mr. Wilder
How do you do, Mr.. President.
"Then we looked at each other for per.
haps 30 seconds, during which time to.
tally forgot the fine speech had prepared
to give the president.
Finally / gasped out: Err gccd-day, Mr..
President
Good day, Mr.. Wilder was the polite
when once outside, turned and said:
Mr.. Halford, will you please kick me?"
The leader., 1904-09-10
shy Leap Year Maid.

Eyes," said the egotistical youth. 81
have been called mechanical genius"
What's mechanical geniusg" asked the
innocent girl.
"0ne who cav make almost anything"
oh, how lovely" she exclaimed. And
could you make me q proposal Pc Column
bus Dispatch.
The leader., 1904-09-10
john J. McGravv Injured.

New York, Sept. G.-John j. Nc
Graw,manager Of the New York nation
al league team, sustained dislocation
Of the left ankle and a possible frac-
ture Of some of the bones Of the foot,
with the conclusion of the double
header between New York and Boston
clubs Monday afternoon.
The leader., 1904-09-10

Almost any married man will freely ad.
NIT that in the choice Of a life partner his
wife's judgment was superior to his own
Chicago Journal.