davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1904-02-13

can be constructed for this amount.
1t is not the duty of the county to as
si5t, In some, the county commits
sioners will build Of steel all bridges
which will cost over one hundred dol
lars. Slill others will construct on
this basis, but require the road dis.
trict itself 10 pay one hundred dol
lars towards theh total cost. This is,
in my opinion the proper construc.
ton of The law
There are bridge laws on the stat.
ute books, swallowed up in the mass
Of other road and bridge requirements.
which are scarcely ever noticed by
our commissioners or supervisors.
One is The provision that in certain
cases a town may pay the whole cost
Of bridge on town or county lines,
while the general rule is that this
cost be divided between the com.
munities divided by such streams.
This section Of the law. which Is sec.
ticn %, provides that If one of these
towns refuses to build the bridge the
other town may proceed to take a
vote in the manner specified, and pay
the whole cost of the structure.
: As matter OF course this law will
be put into effect in but few instances
and these only where the people ou
ono side Of The stream are. so anxious
for the bridge that they are willing
TO pay the entire cost This general
/ law was passed to enable the town
ship Of Peoria to build bridge asros.
/ the Illinois river, which cost in al
nearly fifty thousand dollars, and th,
I case is remarkable for another fea
ture. which is that the town declined
TO call on the county for any finan
+ cial assistance.
The CITY OF Cairo secured the pass
age Of a general law Of which roa,
and city officials are generally ignOr
ant itfs law by which city coun
+ eli can appropriate money to build q
! fridge or construct road within fvC
rifles ui fhe city limits Under thi.
+ igv- iho city Of Cairo has constructed
Il bridge over the Cache river neai
| Mound City, on the line between
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1904-02-13

Sangamon river between Macon and
Christian counties This is good
law and it will be found to operate
well in quite number of cases
There Is another bridge law of the
same age which is one of the absurdi.
ties of modern legislation. 1t is Sec,
275 in force May 1899 1t provides
that every bridge or culvert upon any
highway or street in any county, town
or city in the state shall have a capaci.
~ of sustaining weight Of at least
one hundred pounds to the square
foot Sec. 27G provides a severe pen
atty for the violation Of this law Git
may perhaps be an official or it may
be a workman who performed the la
1or) being a fine not to exceed one
hundred dollars. | can imagine the
heartfelt satisfaction Of the author
when he found the legislature had
passed and the governor had signed
this bin and made it a law. He
doubtless thought he had performed
his full share towards bringing about
a greater security 10 the public.
Perhaps he felt as well as that mem
Der Of tho legislature who introduced
bill a few years ago TO provide for
the greater security Of bridges. II
contained but two or three lines and
merely stated that after the passag
Of this bill no bridge stringers should
be used less than two by ten inches
He did not specify how long these
stringcrs should be or how many
should be placed in each PANEL for
getting that without some such limi-
tations his bridge floor might be nc
better than so much blue sky
In the like manner, unless the law
fixes some definite strains to be ap
piled to the steel. wood. stone. con
crete or what ever material is used
the phrase one hundred pounds per
square foot Simply means that who1
the structure Is new il snail be eapable
of Sustaining oae hundred pounds per
Square foot With q factor OF safety
of only one. while competent steel
bridge constructors expect these
bridges to carry the same load with
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1904-02-13

the new FIVE Thousand dollar count,
line law
H.. a.- u.I .t.-, .st.. .on,, Il.
''' II ~ ~ '''''''' '''''' "'e
feature Oh the ROAD and bridge Ia"
tt is astonishing that a sensible leg
stature should pass such a c3nglomer.
alton Of unbusjuesslil,o clauses and
sin more astonishing that the sensi
lie boards of supervisors who have
carried ont its provisions since 1891
do not insist on 8 revision of some
Of its im9racticaBla provisions /
forces these boards 10 nav one.hal
Of the cost OF bridges without an7
provision as to a limit in any one
year. 1t allows an OF the towns In tn
county to obtain aid in any one yea
for as many bridges as the town ma,
need. each costing twenty cents a
the one hundred dollars. as a supreme
court decision in the Lee county cas-
declares that the town is the sole
Judge Of how many bridges it ma,
need When the finance committee
Of the board of supervisors decide.
how large a county tax levy shall b
made for the following year. it is il
utter ignorance Of the demands tina;
may be made for bridges. A fet
years ago it happened that in White
side county three towns were about t.
call for aid on the three Rock Rive
bridges each costing from twenty
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1904-02-13

alexander and Pulaski counties. and
has maintained the same for number
ot years. The only other instance in
the state where cities have SIMILAR,
~ maintained bridges. so Car as am
acquainted, are Rock Island and Mo.
line. which cities have converted ton
bridges on the Rock river several
miles outside their boundaries, into
free bridges under the operation Of
this Five Mile Law"
Alexander county has also secured
la general law under which county
under township organization may con
struct a road on land subject TO in
uudation, by taking a vote Of the peo-
pie and leyying a tax to be col.
lected for ten years This law IS
called the High Water" road law be.
cause the proposed road would be above
high water line. believe 1t has new
er been put in operation, but under
its provision a high water road can
be constructed from Cairo to Thebes,
and this road today is one Of the i'm
proyements greatly desired by the en-
terprisipg citizens Of the lower end
Of the state. It ought to be noted
that these same enterprising citizens
have already constructed quite a mum.
Der Of miles of first.class hard roads
built of Elco gravel, a material called
"Novaculite," shipped by rail from
Elco, eighteen miles north of Cairo.
Furthermore it ought ct be stated
that these roads have mostly been
constructed with county funds Of
which Cairo property contributes the
largest share. and the citizens Of
Cairo, heavily burdened as they are
with city taxes, are public spirited
enough to be willing to cheerfully
assist all parts of the county. con
fidently believing that what bene.
fits a part also benefits the whole
The general law giving county aid
10 bridges is the law of 1851 before
mentioned with the various changes
ana amendments of later years, IN.
der which the majority of the whole
board Of supervisors could pay the
entire or any part of the cost of a
bridge For many years without re.
pealing this law, there was "A general
compulsory law for paying one-half
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1904-02-13

the cost of such bridges as cost forty
cents on the one hundred dollars Of
the townships assessment This law
stood for several years and contained
a very wise provision that in case
Of an emergency the town might
construct It's bridge and apply for the
county'5 half at any time after en-
toring into this contract This coun-
~ aid law, as amended is now known
as section -, and was the result of
compromise between counties will
ing to pay The whole cost. and counties
where popular sentiment favored the
entire construction by the townships.
as was the case originally in Kane.
Lake, McHenry. DeKalb, Lee and sew.
cral other counties The clauses Of
the law which allow townships 10
build bridges without county aid were
left in the law. and it is a fact that
up to the present time at least one
county, Kane has never yet paid one
half the cost of any township bridge
Popular sentiment in Kane county
brands as a pauper any town thus
seeking county aid. once contracted
bridge at Geneva. the county seat
at a time when under the emergency
clause Of the county aid law Geneva
was absolutely certain Of cne-halI
OF the cost Of a bridge costing nearly
eight thousand dollars, but in the
final wind mp of the affair, the county
seat town felt it would not be iusii
fed in making itself so unpopular
as would have resulted from an appli
cation under the law and paid the
entire cost OF the bridge It will thus
/ be seen that our present law provides
several methods Of bridge construe
ton. The one nnder which counties
can pay the entire cost. the Jaw Of
1851: that system by which The towns
can pay the entire cost, and the sys
lem practicca in perhaps four dnhs
Of the counties under township ors1ni
! zation. BY which Che town aud tbs
county can pay equally in case o
bridges costing twenty cents 0n ihs
one hundred dollars Of the towns vat
uatlun. Besides these We also have
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1904-02-13

Two such cases have already arisen.
am told, where the board Of super
isors chose to repudiate the action
II their bridge committee. but both
If them have been settled without a
inaI resort to the courts. It has
llways been my ouinion that In case
If such refusal the contractor will
lave no recourse on the board Of su-
Jervisors. because he has plain notice
the law that he can hold the town
hip for only cne-half OF the contract
lrice, and that he must take his
,hances on the county board being
satisfied with the itemized report of
Is committee In case the board is
dissatisfied. he well knows he cannot
ompel payment, but he does not
now until there has been a supreme
curt decision whether he has half
contract or whole one Under this
liece of legal botehwork. For my
jwn part, | have always gone into
uch contracts with my eyes open
. the fact that | had nothing but the
lonor and good faith of board of
supervisors to fall back on for my
nal half payment. must state,
owever, that have never lost any
hing but once under this wretehed
aw, and that was a case where the
ounty's share of ten thousand
lollar contract, payable in cash. was
,ithheld for a year and no Interest,"
)aid, because of the lack Of pro
ision in the law for the finance com
nittee to call for enough county tax
. pay for a bridge needed after the
ak levy was made, The bridge com
littee agreed to pay cash. but as the
sual levy was not large enough,
here was no one but the contractor
Tho could be legally made to stand
he less of a full years interest The
difficulties in the way of cautious,
oareful and business.like revision Of
he road and bridge laws by the legis-
lture are so great, that | have but
little hope that anything can be done
lone by any one. or by this conven-
ion, will bring about better state
If affairs, but its ridiculous incon
gruities and awkward provisions only
! few of which can be touched upon In
his paper, have caused me so much
lerplexity and inconvenience, that |
onsider it a pleasure and a relief
have been allowed to speak my
lind to an audience made up almost
holly of the officials whose duty
Is to administer the law which |
ave seen changed amended and adj
Mustered for long series OF years,
wish therefore to most kindly
hank you for your attention and will
erely express the hope that at some
erlod of the future, ADLER arguments
han | am able to present with force
no state legislature to improve the
BAD and bridge laws in very many
! iarticulars
Upon the conclusion of the above
Judge VIM. S. Dewey, of Alexander,
delivered an address on The Care
/ Dependents.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1904-02-13
JUDGE W. S. DEWEY's ADDRESS,
THE CARE OF DEPENDENTS.

THE CARE OF DEPENDENTS.
Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the
onvention The instincts Of sym.
athy for those in distress have
rompted kindly acts in all genera
ons, Philosophers have always com
lended such acts and religion con
family enjoins them Before thc
'hristIan era, in fact throughout all Of
;nown history, Philanthropy has been
vogue Aiding the poor has been
,racticed from time immemorial Beg
CARS are spoken of in the literature
Of all ages. The oldest authentic re-
corded history is found in the Bible.
The Oldest part thereof is said to be
he book Of Job This ancient patri-
lrch, job thus speaks of his work
lmong the unfortunates:
when the ear heard me. then II
blessed me; and when the eye saw
ne. it gave witness to me; because
delivered the poor that cried, and
he fatherless. and him that had none
o help him. The blessing of him that
vas ready to perish came upon me:
md caused the widows heart TO
sing for Joy was eyes to the
1lind, and feet was | to the lame. |
was a father to the poor and the
sause which knew not | searched
L."
The world has not changed much in
4 iaracter for such language describes
VIC ideal philanthorpist Of modern
times.
The founder of Christianity. the Sa.
yiour Of mankind, called his disciples
attention to the fact that he came
into the world not to be ministered
unto. but to minister unto others, and
exempifed his teaching by his life.
The subject then, Of this address
Of the Care Of Dependents" or look
ing after the unfortunate people Of
the land IS no new one Every phase
Of il has been discussed at some time
or other and on numerous occasions
and doubtless at every gathering OF
the county clerks. commissioners and
supervisors, several phases have been
ably and carefully considered. Not
alone have the theories been explain
ed. but on account Of your actual ex-
I periences. the discussions have been
full Of practical and hopeful sugges-
tions and plans
In this way much good has already
come TO the state Of Illinois by reason
OF your annual conventions. Not an
unaturai division Of this subject places
. il under the head Of three C's. If you
care 10 adopt patent medicine de-
f vice. remember the subdivisions there
fCantnucd ca Third Page1
The Savannah morning news., 1904-07-17

put in his pocket nearly $1,000. Mr..
j. H. Troutman, Jr., has just sold his
crop of Bells and Elbertas from a ten
acre orchard of four year olds for ST.
1873. Mr.. James Wilson has a small
orchard of three-year- olds which gave
him good money this year, and if he
gets crop next year will yield him
about $4,000, An orchard of 5000 Ell
bertas has yielded to the owner money
enough since '9S to buy a large PLAN
tation plant out and bring to the first
fine crop $1,000 trees.
The Mogo Orchard Company will
ship sixty cars from Fort Valley. Then
they have bought about 200 cars be-
tween Macon and Rome. ]. H. Hale
will ship from this point about ITS cars.
w. c. Wight will send from here 1875
cars. The A. G. farm will ship about
100 cars.
But two things are lacking now for
the highest success. First a syndi-
cate for the proper distribution of the
peaches; then large canneries to take
care of the over-ripe and culls. There
is only one cannery here. The Mega
Company has a written contract for
five years with this cannery to take
all the over-ripe and culls at 20 cents
a basket. This brings to the NIGGA
Company about $500 year, which
would otherwise be lost.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-07-17
-----7-a7lI--a--7
CONSTITUTION OF JAPAN.
How 1t Differs From the COnstitu-
tions of Occidental Nations.
From the Century

From the Century.
There is an important difference be-
tween the constitutions of Western ma
lions and that of Japan. The former
are the outcome of popular uprisings
against the tyranny of rulers-in other
words, of a demand, as of natural
right, by the people. Consequently,
even in monarchical Europe constitu-
lions are drawn in such terms as to
lay the greatest stress upon popular
rights, while at the same time cur
failing the power of the sovereign.
The Japanese Constitution, on the
other hand emanated from the En-
peror, the fountain head of all power.
Before the people dreamed of popular
rights of a parliament the Emperor
had already marked out the grand pol
icy of establishing constitutional gov
eminent in the future because of his
evident desire and purpose to elevate
the country to an equal place among
the civilized nations of the world, not
only because he wished it, but also be-
cause that course was in strict accord
ance with the national policy be-
pueathed by his ancestors.
Following that policy, our Constitu-
ton was drawn UP with close adher-
ence to and careful preservation of
the fundamental principle of the inn
perial government from time Inn
memorial.
In form, however. it is similar to
Western constitutions, with this differ
ence; that the text of our Constitution
contains only the fundamental princi-
pies of state-namely, the prerogatives
of the Emperor; the rights and duties
of the people; the powers of parlia-
ment; the powers and duties of minis
tiers Of state and judiciary and H.
nance.
These are all embodied in seventy
six articles. Matters of detail, such,
for example, as provisions relating to
the rules and proceedings of parlia-
ment, the laws for the election Of
members, the national budget, ETC.,
are separated from articles enunciat-
ing fundamental principles, and are
embodied in laws supplementary to
the constitution and enacted at the
same time.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-07-17
GEORGIA sUNDAY-scHooLs
VIII Be Represented in Force i'm
Macon i'm September.

VIII BE Represented in Force i'm
Macon i'm September.
Macon, July 16.-Mr. George Haines
OF Augusta, president Of the Sunday
school Association of Georgia, left Ma
con this afternoon for his home, after
a conference with the Executive Com
mittee of the Bib County Association,
with reference to the arrangements Of
the programme for the state conven-
ton, which will meet in Macon in Sep
TENDER.
President Hsines stated that the out
look for the annual session of the or
ganization at Macon was most hopeful
Said he: I'VE intend to have present
in Macon at the annual session not
less than 500 delegates from every
county in the state. Among those we
hope TO have address the Macon meet
ing will be DR.. L. w. Munhall of Phil
adelphia, Prof and Mrs. Hammill who
have been heard In many parts OF the
state and who are known throughout
the South, and Mr.. w. c. Pease of
Chicago"
II is understood also that there will
be present Rev. Charles O'Neal Mar
tindale Of Newman. Ca, who Is pas.
tor Of the Presbyterian Church at that
place, and who Is expected to speak
10 the convention upon the subject Of
the Worlds Sunday-school Conven-
ton"
The Executive Committee has fixed
the time Of holding the annual session
Sept. 10 TO Is. inclusive.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-07-17

Gently returned 1891. But the prices
have been exceedingly good from all
the markets, with a few exceptions.
Last year a house from the East
bought from one of our best and
shrewdest young business men one car
of peaches and paid a good price. Later
this same house received from him an
other car and consignment and for this
car he received nothing. This grower
took his loss very quietly, but did net
forget it, and this year when the same
house had bought and loaded a fine car
of peaches the grower promptly had 1t
attached and the house had to give
bond in the sum of $500 before the car
could go forward. So on this there
is likely to hang another tale. 1t takes
the eye Of lynx. the courage of Da-
vid and the strength of. Samson for
each man to protect his interests dur
ing the rush.
w. c. Green has an orchard of 1900
.Elbertas. These trees have now given
him five successive crops and have
The Savannah morning news., 1904-07-17
BOIL WEEVIL, ALL RIGHT
Whether 1t BE Dubbed Mexican,
Texas or Georgia.

TeXaS or Georgia
Rocky Ford, Ga, July 16.-Editor
Morning News: There have been sew
eral reports this year that the Mexican
boil weevil has been found in Georgia
and everybody but the farmers denies
IT.
They are here by the millions. If
not Mexican or Texas, they are Geor-
gis weevills and are certainly running
cotton. They are just like the Texas
weevil is described in looks, and they
do not bother anything but the
squares. They are throwing off
squares by the wholesale. Every
square they puncture falls off on the
ground. l send you a few squares
which they have punctured
Look at them and see how they do
their work, and then say it is q HARM
less little thing that will leave when it
rains.
The first crop came about four weeks
ago, and now we have the second crop.
If the increase is as great from now on
as this second crop has been over the
first, cotton is doomed in Georgia.
When a weevil eats corn he is a corn
weevil, and when he eats peas he is a
pea weevil. So you see this weevil-
let him be called Mexican. Texas or
Georgia-he eats nothing but the
squares and young bolls, therefore
he is a boil weevil. He cuts a,
small round hole through the side of
the square then goes inside and eats
the heart out entirely, and, of course,
it falls to the ground.
We are losing a lot Of cotton with
blight this year, too. 1t made its first
appearance in this section about seven
years ago and now it is killing by the
acre. was in a friends field of cot
ton a few days ago and saw nearly
two acres in one place dead. I know
but one man in my neighborhood that
has not blight this year. Yours truly,
Geo. NJ. Newton.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-07-17
THE PEACH is NOW
APPROACHING ITS CLOSE
Georgia Orchards Have Brought Large Returns
to Growers

Fort Valley, Ga. July 16.-This week
will witness the close of the peach sea-
son in Georgia, so far as Fort Valley
is concerned and this is true for Mar
shallville and Zenith also.
There will be something Like 200 cars
to leave here next week, but this week
will round out with nearly 900 cars
from this place. The present week has
given the market an average of fifty
cars a day from Fort Valley.
One solid train of forty-two cars left
this station on Tuesday at exactly 6
o'clock p. m. and were followed later
in the evening by twenty-seven cars.
Wednesday there were three solid
trains sent forward. The liberia sea-
son is to-day at its hight. The FL
berta is still queen, followed by the
Georgia Belle as a close second.
The best returns up to this time have
come from Boston, where one car re-
The Savannah morning news., 1904-07-17

WANTED TO LYNCH HIEL.

Conductors Friends Incensed
Against Negro Who Killed Him.
Danville, Va, July 16.-The result Of
the coroner's jury summoned to in
quire into the death Of James NJ.
Armes of the Southern Railway, who
was shot in the long cut near the city
several nights ago, from the effects
of which wounds he died on yesterday,
was that the man came to his death
from gunshot wounds inflicted by Roy
Seals, the colored suspect, who has been
in fail since the morning following the
commission Of the crime. r.. b. Abb
bolt, night Waterman for the Southern,
who was with Armes when he was
shot. positively identifies the negro as
the man who fired the fatal shots
Seals will be held for action OF tho
grand jury.
A lynching was narrowly averted at
the hands of the friends of the muir
dered man.
The Savannah morning news., 1904-07-17
For Marine Engimeers.

Milwaukee, Wis, July 16.-Perhaps
the most important business transacted
during the International Longshoremen
and Marine Transport Workers Assoc
citation was the adoption of a resolu-
ton to-day instructing the executive
board to issue charters to bodies of
marine engineers which may apply for
affiliation. This action is in line with
the plan of the president to consolidate
marine interests. 1t is said so per cent.
of the marine engineers throughout the
country are willing to join the assoc
citation. The taking into the ranks of
the engineers would also mean the af-
filiation of the engineers with the
American Federation of Labor.