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The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-03-21
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The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-03-21
SanitaS
for Wall
Cover
ing

The new sub
stitute for paper,
useful for bath
rooms and kitch-
ems. Plain, fig
ured and tile de-
signs, with cell
ings to match
never wears out
can be washed
like oil cloth.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13
A. c. BRIsBINE.
j. n. MURPHY.
ADELARD GUERDON.

by a committee Of three appointed by
the president. The library has been
increased by voluntary contributions
and it is now one of-the best medical
libraries this side of Chicago. Besides
the $500 volumes, 1t receives about
125 medical journals regularly. The
society desires that this reference Ii
brary shall take the place of individual
reference libraries which young ply
sicians cannot afford and which are
often an inconvenience to those who
own them. Members are encouraged
to give the money they would spend
on reference books of their own to the
library, and it is to their ready re-
sponses that the society owes its pres
ent fine assortment of medical books
Two years after it's organization the
medical society considered the advisa-
bility of establishing museum for the
preservation of Interesting pathological
specimens In 1889 DIR. Gustav REM
proposed the establishment of patho-
logical society or a pathological sec
ton of the Ramsey County Medical So
ciety, and his proposition was favorably
received by the members. Two rooms
in the Endicott arcade were fitted up
as a museum, and the section, which
had it's own officers, held meetings here.
But after it had been in existence seven
years the society decided to discon-
tinue it or rather to merge it in the
general organization. Accordingly the
fixtures and the furniture were trans
ferred to the rooms in the Lowry ar
cade. The managers of this latter
building had fitted up a laboratory for
the use of their medical tenants and
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

John Phillips, T. r. Potts and Samuel
Wiley.
AS one of the presidents said in his
annual address, the Ramsey County
Medical society was born in doc
tors office and it has been brought up
in the different members offices in the
city, But besides these office meet
ings the society has met at different
times in the Ryan, the Aberdeen and
the Windsor hotels In the fall OF 1886
the management of the Lowry Arcade
offered the use of two rooms on the
third floor of the building, rent free, to
the society, and here it has been DOM
iciled ever since. One rooms is used
for laboratory and the other for
library.
Beginning of the Library.
In 1883 the editor of the Northwest
ern Lancet, a medical journal of es-
tablished reputation, offered it's ex-
changes to the Ramsey County Med
ical society as the nucleus for So
ciety library provided it could find
suitable place for keeping these ex-
changes. The gift was accepted and
a committee was appointed to find
suitable place for storing it. There is
no record of what became of that ear
ly gift. The nucleus of the present
library was some books left by the
members on the shelves of the room
that had been set aside for library
purposes. DIR. Taylor was the hrst
librarian. At first the library was IN
charge of a library association, put
later the society took charge OF It,
the work of experimenting being done
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

this 1t turned over to the society IN
1895.
Manufactures Surgical Catgut.
This laboratory furnishes the mem
bers of the society with facilities for
Investigation, research and teaching.
1t is supported through the sale of cat
gut, which is surgically prepared I'M
der the direction of the laboratory SUI
perintendent and sold to physicians.
DR.. Boeckman, in an article on Cat
gut" in the July number of the st. Paul
Medical Journal, 1899, gave directions
for its preparation, which direction the
society has followed. The director of
the laboratory conducts the bacteria
logical examination of the catgut and
guarantees it's absolute sterility. This
catgut is recognized over the United
States as the best surgical suturing
and ligating material on the market.
Not the least important result of the
organization of the Ramsey County
Medical society was the establishment
of a Medical Journal. Less than a year
after an organization had been effected
the society began to publish its pro-
ceedings These appeared first In the
Northwestern Medical and Surgical
journal, and later they were published
in the Northwestern Lancet At the
annual meeting of the society in Janu-
airy, 1898, the members discussed the
matter of having a medical journal of
their own and it was agreed that one
should be established. DR.. Burnside
Foster is the editor of the publication,
and DR.. Taylor associate editor. They
have served the Journal in this ca
pacity since it's beginning. Its edi-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13
F. r. SMITH.
CHARLES e. SMITH.

than that, for a generous bequest would
bring the goal much nearer, and, as
was pertinently remarked in an edi-
toria1 in the current number of the st.
Paul Medical Journal, at has not in
frequently happened in the past that
some rich and grateful patient who has
owed his life, or the life of some one
dear to him, to his physicians or his
surgeons skill, has evinced the desire
to make a generous contribution to
some such fund as this; why should it
not happen in the future?" AS for the
daily offering of the association, this
consists of it's library, its laboratory, it's
medical journal and the papers that
are prepared by the members and read
at the meetings.
Established Twenty-four Years.
But when, on st. Valentines day, just
twenty four years ago, eleven ST. Paul
physicians met in the office of DR.. E. H.
Smith, in the Ingersoll block, in Bridge
square, to organize a medical society
for Ramsey county, permanent home
was too much of an improbability, if
not an impossibility, to be seriously
considered, and, as for the daily offer
ing, the members knew that this would
not be pretentious for many years to
come.
In the early history Of the society
the lares and penate were never estab-
lished for any length of time in one
place, and during two periods they
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

HERE is no business so difficult to
manage as the mining of precious
metals. and none in which practical
experience counts for so much, nor in,
which so much progress is due to the
practical worker. In every instance 1t
has been the scientist who has followed
and the miner who has broken the path
with pick and shovel.
The United States has had no small
share in this empirical progress. Deep
vein and hydraulic mining, and the
whole host of improvements in mining
machinery which made possible the
great gold production of the last half
century, were first tried in the United
States, and today mining machinery
the world over is of American inven-
ton and American make.
Much of the large production of gold
in the United States is due to the great
body of the metal contained In the
gold fields which deep vein and hy-
draulic mining lay bare, but even more
is due to the introduction of machinery
for working low grade, refractory ores,
and processes for saving -four gold,
gold too fine to be saved by washing
and it is to the perfection of this ma
chinery that the country must look
largely for a continuance of her supply
of the precious metal.
The Investment Side.
Forty years ago ore paying less than
$25 to the ton was considered of no
value; now ore paying $1.50 ton is
worked at profit. Mining investment
has laid many a trap for the unwary,
and consequently capitalists are apt to
entertain prejudice against invest
ments in gold mining. and yet in the
opinion of expert engineers there is no
other industry In which $50,000,0 600
could be invested with such certainty
Of return.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13
Millions Are Wasted I'm
Mining the Precious Metals

In the United States alone there is
great quantity of low grade refractory
gold ore and In the gravel deposits an
unlimited supply of float gold. With
the investment of enough money to
perfect machinery and processes to
work these at a profit the gold produce
ton of the country could be doubled In
ten years, it is asserted.
1t was deep vein mining and placer min
ing by hydraulics in the United States,
with their consequent great production OF
gold, that first called the attention of
miners to the enormous waste of gold I'M
der the old processes and caused the pro-
duction of machinery to save this gold.
Deep vein mining had been carried on in
California, on small scale, since the ear
discovery of the Comstock vein in Ne
vada, that deep mining became a regular
industry. When these mines We're first
discovered they were believed to be only
tanning in depth was entertained. This
was entirely In keeping with the expert
ence and theories of the time.
Mining Succeeds PlacerIng.
Up to that time seven-eighths of the
gold mined in the world has been taken
from the placers. At the present time
three-fifths of the gold produced is taken
from the quartz veins and cement de-
posits, and the greater portion mas TO pc
treated by various processes for freeing
the gold from base metals.
When the great bonanza was opened
up on the Comstock vein mining had no
past history by which the American min
ers could be guided. In the little that had
been done in California the methods and
machinery. of placer mining had been m. used ed
Mexico had been mining gold Tor 2O0
wears. but,she had done nothing save sur
face work and her machinery had not
progressed beyond the arastres and the
patio process, crude methods of grinding
the ore and amalgamating the gold and
silver which are sufficiently typical of the
times to be described.
The arastre by means of which the ore
was crushed consisted of a stone bottom
ed pan with a frame of wood some ten
feet ia diameter Inside the pan were
heavy stone drags attached with rawhlde
to arms which extended over the frame
work. Horses or mules were hitched to
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

were moved every month. Ine ASST
citation, franker than an Individual IN
the same plight wouldsbe, acknowledge
ed readily enough that the reason for
the frequent fittings was that it was
cheaper to move than to pay rent.
However, no one was loser, financial
ly, because of those fittings, although
the lack of a permanent home was one
of the things that initiated against the
rapid growth of the organization, ana
was the cause of the members occa-
sionally losing faith.
There were twenty-five charter
members. Among them was Dr. JACOB
H Stewart, who had already served
twice as mayor of st. Paul and who
was to be elected again; and DR.. David
Day, for several years postmaster OF
st. Paul The first officers were: DR..
D. w. Hand, president; DR.. A. Whar-
ton. vice president; DR.. William Banks,
corresponding secretary; DR.. g. II.
Boardman, recording secretary, and
DR.. S. D. Flagg, treasurer. Only three
of those twenty-five charter members
are now members of the society, and
these, DIR. Samuel D. Flagg, DR.. c. 3.
Smith and DR.. A. Wharton are on the
honorary list. OF the rest, the major
ity are dead and the remainder have
removed from st. Paul. The complete
list includes: William Baldwin, David
Day, John Steele, F. R.. Smith, Brewer
Mattocks, J. H. Stewart, William
Banks, e. H. Smith, G. e. Smith, G. H.
Boardman, Samuel D. Flagg, A. G..
Brisbine, A. Wharton, ]. H. Murphy,
Frank Lawson, Adelard Guernon, D.
w. Hand, M. Hagan, William Ray,
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

the free end of the arm and driven around lIld
and around, crushing the ore under the
drags as they went.
After the ore was crushed in the arastree
1t went through the patio process or
amalgamation. In this process the crush
ed ore with the quicksilver was put into
an Enclosure paved with stone and sur
rounded by stone wall val, aops 'a ana s,.a
til the gold or silver had amalgamated
with the quicksilver. The quicksilver was
then drained off. squeezed and retorted
Early Stamp Mills.
Previous to the discovery of the Com
stock mines the arastre has been super
mill which crushed about one ton of ore
to the stamp in twenty-four hours. The
stamp was of wood with an iron snoe
and dropped about forty times a minute
on piece of cast iron placed on NOR
tar block and inclosed in wood.
This stamp mill with the patio process,
was employed on the ComStock, but the
patio process could not be used at
there
The American miners felt that they
were unable to handle the difficulty alone,
and sent to Europe for experts. Inc
material to the Comstock, and the ma
chinery was imported which had been
adequate to work the gold mines OF Eu-
rope and Africa, but failure was the re-
was very dark.
The Americans then solved the problem
for themselves They saw that what was
needed was labor saving machinery, and
they proceeded to provide it.
Rapid advance was made in mining ma
chinery and in all methods of handling
ore The wooden stamp was replaced by
steel stamps which dropped 100 timse a
minute and crushed five tons of ore to
the stamp every twenty four hours.
The pan process of amalgamation, in
which the mixing and amalgamation are
accomplished. by mechanical means, re-
placed the old patio process, and where,
with that process, fifty poems and 100
horses and mules had been employed, an
eighty horse-pow engine did the work.
High explosives were introduced and
high-speed hoists and mining cages were
Invented. all of which made it possible to
mine and hoist with one 200 horse power
engine / 900 tons of ore from depth OF
500 feet in one day. With improved
pumps and pumping machinery the water
problem was solved.
In five years. with this machinery,
body of ore was exhausted which. with
Mexican methods, would have employed
/. 600 horses and mules and 1000 poems for
Il Most Of the ores of this country require
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

TO insure to any organization
healthy, active life two things
are necessary. 1t must have
a goal definitely blocked out and
of sufficient Importance to attract
members that are worth while;
and it must make an every day Of
fering that will give those members
some return for their interest that will
stimulate them constantly and that will
create an esprit de corps strong enough
to make the organization unit, SO far
as it's general aim and it's ambition are
concerned.
These two requisites are possessed
by the Ramsey County Medical asso-
citation. Its goal is a building of its
own somewhere near the center of the
business portion of the city, where it
can house and add to its present fine
medical library of $500 volumes, where
1t can move and enlarge it's very well
equipped laboratory, where it can hold
its monthly and annual meetings, and
where it can relax (for occasionally
physicians do relax in such social
gatherings as the members find time
to arrange.
This medical building goal is still
many years away, but it is very much
nearer now than it has been at any
time during the history of the organi-
zation. Perhaps in fifteen years the
corner stone of a local temple to Aescu-
lapius will be laid; perhaps in less time
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

saved to be only 20 per cent of the total
values.
Since the discovery of these enormous
losses much time and money nave oe zen.
saving this float gold. AS yet no great
success has attended these experiments
but amalgamating processes are con-
tinually being INTRODUCED. g. co,,.
bination dredging and amalgamatlng ma
chine 1t shows great improvement IN the
handling of gravel, but its chlef interest,"
lies in a saving appliance winch saves
practically all the float gold.
The gravel is hoisted and then dumped
into a revolving cylindrical screen, Whlcn
separates the fine gravel from the c9aI t5sa
values is passed into a large tank, Wnere
it is forced into contact with qulcksliver
several hundred times, until all the me
gold is saved by amalgamatlon
Gold Sources Inexhaustible.
When these machines are in practical
operation and fulfill their promise, gravel
mining will be revolutionized. Inelr sue
cessful operation will be or especial m
terest to California, since they , 90 NOT not
conflict with the debris laws, Whcn put
a stop to hydraulic mining.
The Pacific coast offers an immense fleid
of work for some such machine as TINS.
On the coast OF Cahd 6on anu , Aiash nf
gold bearing sands which have been test
ed and shown to contain gold to the Vaiue
of 81 ton. One company WHICH OWI1o
ii 900 acres of breach sands at Nome made
over hundred borings to bed rock on
its property the distance TO bed rock
varying from forty to sixty. feet inc
gravel was tested every two feet and was
found to contain from 81 to 81 IN gold 10
the cubic yard. ,,+
1t has been estimated that only about
per cent of the gravel known to exist IN
the pliocene river beds in California was was
washed out by hydraulics and slulces' anu
these immense bodies of gravel are
known to contain on an average 81 CUBIC
yard in gold. ~, Gonna
This gravel can be worked only by some
process which will save the float goid, put
worked by such a process the prodiuc,tlo os
of gold viii equal that of the peri erd,, OF
hydraulic mining. Such a process Wo o;da
be to gravel mining what the cyanlde
process was to the South African mines.
Thus it can be seen that the eartn; IN
spite of the store of gold already yleldiessd,
still holds rich reward for the miner. Inc
n picturesque days of mining are over The he
pioneer may no longer go forth TIN 70 for p,De
is still there ready to come to the more
prosaic call of the capitalist, the mum %
machinery, and the economy OF improved
method.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

torials are interesting to physicians and
laymen alike, and the character of the
paper contributed is the best indication
Of the high standard of the medical
profession in this county.
The Ramsey County Medical society
has never made any objection to the
admission of women physicians IN good
standing. The first woman physician
who sought admission was DR.. Bell M.
Walrath. She became member in
November, 1882. Since that time
number have Joined. The object of the
society is the cultivation of the art and
science of medicine, the interchange OF
professional experience, the encour-
agement of professional zeal and the
promotion of a friendly feeling among
the members. One of the presidents
said in his annual report: Our society
also prides itself on being very eth
zeal body of men," 1t is the duty OF
each member to see that this high eth
ical standard is maintained, and what
ever difference of opinion there may be
on many subjects pertaining to the
ethics Of the profession, when they are
discussed in the society, the organlza-
ton as a whole has always been able to
frown down any departure or innova-
ton which threatened to lower this
standard.
The last annual meeting Of the So
ciety was held in January, when the
following officers were elected: Presi-
dent, DR.. H. Longstreet Taylor; vice
president, Dr. Arthur w. Dunning; sec
rotary. DR.. E. F. Geer; treasurer, Or.
Frederick Leavttt; necrologist, DR.. A. f.
Whitman.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-13

first of these Long Toms in operation.
This apparatus required two men to oper-
ate one to shovel gravel into the slulee
box while the other shoveled from the
scoop the coarse gravel which dld not go
through. Tables with riffles-depression
containing mercury-caught the gold
which passed through the perforations.
In the early SOS hydraulics were first
employed in placer mining. In the begin
ming of the industry canvas nose, some
six inches in diameter, capable of stand
ing pressure of from thirty to forty
pounds, with nozzle about one ana one
half inches in diameter, was useo. ~,
this hose four or five times the amount
of gravel one man could handle could De
washed down into the sluices. .
Not content with this Improvement,
iron pipes capable OF stana,ng pr PIE tie
end of these pipes nozzle SIX fnches IN
diameter was attached.
Sluices were constructed from two to
| four feet wide. into which the water from
| the hydraulic washed the gravel as 1t was
broken down. These sluices were htted
| with Inducements, rifles, grizzlies, and
| all the gold-saving appliances then In use
Through these iron pipes Pa sgyo noer
! greater than that required to run one
| of the largest modern battleships. Inc
| hardest cement melted before this mighty
! stream, and whole mountains or grayel
| found In the old Pliocene channels were
| washed Down.
Hydraulic mining soon filed up the
rivers in which the refuse was dumped
and the valleys for fifty miles below the
| mines were covered with sediment. This
wrought such havoc. with the farm lands
| that the farmers applied to the COURTS
| and a permanent injunction stopped all
| hydraulic mining in California, and with
! it one-haf of the gold production OF the
| state.
: In placer as in vein mining much Of the
| precious metal was lost in the first years
| Of the industry, though the impression
| was that the appliances then in use saved
| practically all the gold contained in the
| gravel In time it was demonstrated that
/. rs per cent of all the gold contained in
] the auriferous gravel deposits was float
! gold-se termed because it foated on the
water. 1t could not be brought into con-
/ tact with quicksilver, and for years 1t
/ was total loss.
/ :. On the North Bloomfield mine In Ne
| vada county, California, for instance, sew
/ eral shafts were sunk to bedrock IN order
/ to test the gravel Experts agreed that
| IFS actual value was 80 cents cubic yard
| and estimated that 40 to go per cent OF
4 this could be saved in sluices.
The mine was thereupon equipped with
4 all known devices for saving gold Yet
working test showed the amount Of gold