The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1904-08-26
II THE pK 20 RUST.


Oaltural College 1sads Paper
on ths subject. 4
@ fff ffF .soEyn &t ges
Prof. H. L. Bolley, OF the Agricul-
tural college ct Fargo, read very
interesting paper on wheat rust at 3
meeting OF the Red River Millers'
meeting at Fargo. He said:
Conditions favorable to rust growth
and destruction Of the crop-As rust
II due to the growth Of plant upon
and within the tissues Of the wheat
straw, naturally it must have it's own
peculiar conditions OF growth satis-
fied. There must DO the young ger
minating spores, proper moisture. a.S:
proper temperature, and the right
sort Of food matter, or there will be
no outbreak of rust. These conditions
may be called the primary condi-
tions, which are necessary for the
development Of rust. There are many
secondary ones which favor rust de.
velopment. I have studied these con.
ditions some every year since 1877,
and this year especially. Through
the Kindness of the Great Northern
railway officials, / have been able to
drop of in any field desired, adjacent
to any line of the road. i have made
many examinations In more than
one-haf of the counties of the state,
and have paid special attention to all
such features as by observation seem
ed to directly influence the early de-
vel0pment of rust or allows 1t to spe-
cially destroy the grain. ss1 "
What to Do-Drain your fields 70
that all surplus water will quickly
run into main bitches. Get together
with your neighbors and open AL
main bitches which are now blocked,
and open more new ones It necessary,
to insure the general drainage OF the
whole drainage district. NY observe
lions are such a. to teach that ~
large districts In which the soil 10 OF
real good wheat quality and has
neyere;spffered from poor drainage,
rust seldonEaissahle TO do material
damage to a crop which n our wise
properly seeded. I have, however,
many times observed that slight
Fermentation of the soil water. due
to stagnant surface water, has ruined
many fine crop upon very fertile
soil, and that rust under such con-
ditions always becomes very destruc-
tive. (2) Get all the ground ready
for seeding in the fall, If possible.
We have observed, other things being
equal, that the first wheat seeded In
the spring gives the best yield and
best grade, and usually is out OF the
way Of the attack of rust. 1t would
be best for all concerned If it were
possible for the people of .one COM
munity to SOW all of their wheat,
within the space OF, q week or ten
DAYS. The late fields are always la
bic to rust destruction because OF the.
first slight infection spreading from
the early fields. (3) Make good
even seed bed with good soil con-
tinuity from below upward, bury the
seed at an even or regular depth so
az to insure even development OF the
crop. az Sow pure seed Of the best
terminating strength possible. Such
seed tends to advance the crop rapid
IL. hastening the date Of the harvest,
ripening it to such strength that the
rnst cannot reduce it. ~ Sow only
seed 81. q pure variety, blue stem,
Scotch fife or q pure variety OF mac
aroni. "A pure variety ripens evenly
and gives an even grade. Ihe so1t
bearded varieties of wheat scattered
In a crop rust early and produce
great quantities of spores to infect
the surrounding wheat. These scat
tering plants Of soft wheat always
furnish grain which will reduce the
grade Of the crop. (6) Treat all seed
for the prevention of smut. Smut
weakens the growth of the entire
crop and retards the Development OF
the straw. On q smutty crop the
rust action is always intense. insur-
ing it's destruction. (7) Have the
crop as free of weeds as possible.
Weeds weaken the straw, retard ma
turitv. and tend to keep the leaves
and straw of the grain logged with
moisture, especially during the night.
! During the day they prevent the
grain from drying off after the slight
warm, showers which are the most
effective In causing rust infection;
and when the grain needs the mois-
ture to push it to maturity, the
weeds rob the soil Of that which is
J needed TO all the grain. Such wilt
ing grain IL sure to suffer greatly
| n From this explanation 1t will be
seen that while we cannot wholly
hope ia escape the destructive effects
OF TuSOaxUACSI1OA1s AAuSA Val" ~ NNsAAS
to prevent its damage from becoming
20 general and SO thorough. Besides,
the experiments at b this z station,
which wall he detailed more fully in
the re4ulars bulletin, teach ~ that In
the near. future we shall be able to
procure strains of seed grain which
II kept pure will be 80 strongly re-
sistant To- the attacks Of rust that
the damage therefrom will be great
! " lessened. This is one Of the rea-
sons for which this bulletin is being
written, viz: to call the attention. Of
The farmer to the point that proper
seed selection and care OF the same,
ana proper soil cultivation and drain
age OF the same, will in asslargc way
overcome this most destructive Of all
plant diseases and farm. troubles.
Cause Rust on grain fs caused by
. distinct plant parasite. The par
asitics plant which causes rust is
microscopic in size, and grows from
spores. small seed like structures. It
30 these which torn the pustudes OF;
rust spots. red, brown or black en-