davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
Grit in Keeping Poultry.

There are two kinds of grit that are
essential to success in keeping poultry
The Standard dictionary defines these
two kinds of grit as follows: a.
Rough. hard particles, sand or gravel"
(2) "Firmness of character, pluck, for
titude, courage" Every man who knows
anything about the poultry business
knows that the fowls must have grit
Trough, hard particles) with which to
grind the food after it reaches the giz-
gard, and it is just as necessary that the
breeder himself be supplied with plenty
Of grit (firmness of character, pluck,
fortitude, courage), in order that he may
be successful Farmers Voice.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09

lous communities. At comparatively
small expense the Nelson river could
be made to provide, during the sum-
mer months. a means of continuous
water transportation from Winnipeg
to York Factory, the Hudson Bay COM
pany post on Hudson Bay. Also, at
comparatively small expense the
Churchill river could be made navig'
able for a portion of each year, and
so afford water transportation as far
west as Lake Athabasca. Both of these
streams have broad, deep channels,
carrying immense volumes Of water,
and though the navigation of both is
now blocked by falls and rapids they
are of a kind that do not present in
surmountable obstacles, nor would the
mourning of any considerable expense
be necessary in overcoming the OBJ
stacles. Steamers have, for years, been
plying a trade between Winnipeg, on
the Red river, and the source Of the
Nelson where it flows out of Lake Win
nipeg. Once canals are built around
the falls of the river, and the same
nsy to the bay.
But the improvement of these rivers
is not needed, even though 1t might be
desirable to make the development of
Hudson Bay commerce feasible. Rail-
roads can and will in time furnish
means of communication between the
interior and the shipping points on the
shores of the bay. A line now In OPP
Grafton runs from Winnipeg north to
the northern line of Manitoba province.
From there it turns westward and pen
etrates the northern edge of the wheat
country for a considerable distance,
and will eventually reach the Rocky
mountains. Turning eastward at the
northern line of Manitoba branch OF
this same line has been surveyed
through to York Factory, on Hudson
Bay, and it is expected that construc-
ton work on this branch will be begun
within a comparatively short time.
The new trans-continental line which
the ottawa government recently chart
cred and provided a means for financ-
ing will pass within striking distance
of James Bay and will penetrate the
best of the wheat country OF Canada.
1t is reasonable to expect that this
line will provide a branch to Hudson
Bay, if for no other reason than to tap
its rich timber resources.
A third line is being built northward
from st. Ste Marie with the ultimate
object of striking James Bay near the
mouth of the Moose river. Throughout
eastern Ontario a number of branch
lines are being pushed northward grad
ually, and though they are still long
ways from the shores of this vast wa
terway, it is almost needless to proph-
ecy that some of them will IN time
and comparatively short time-reach
it. The vast timber and mineral re-
sources found around 1t are attracting
attention in Canadian railway and
financial circles. and but little other
inducement would be necessary to
bring about the desired result.
About the only vessels that have
visited the bay regularly up to the
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
Preserving Eggs in Flour.

Freshlaid eggs are placed in common
pasteboard boxes ON end, as eggs are
packed, then covered completely with
common white -four and stored in a
cool place. After three months they
were foand fresh and nice, and scarcely
discernible from freshly laid eggs.
used common shoe boxes, which hold
about two dozen each, the number of
eggs and date of packing being written
on the cover. so the first packed could
be first used. Eggs packed in a mixture
of lime water and salt are nice for cook
ing purposes, but after couple of
months are unfit for eating.
spondence Practical Farmer
Game hens make the best mothers,
protecting their young from all intrud-
era
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
How to Manage Incubators.

For success with incubators, remem-
Der: Test on the seventh day. Temper
ature, 103 degrees. Fill lamps every
evening. Cool eggs after fourth day.
Never cool below IS degrees. Turn eggs
every IL hours Do not turn flame up
too high Keep machines out OF sun
light. Put in new wick for every
hatch. Keep doors closed during hatch
ing. Be sure the incubator is standing
level. Discontinue cooling after eight
zenith day. Add moisture only when
air cell is too large. Don't let temper
ature run down after Matching. Dis
continue turning after eighteenth
day. Hands OFF, while the eggs are
hatching.-Midland Farmer.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
Warm Breakfast for Fowls.

The owner of flock of hens will
find no provision more profitable than
a warm breakfast for the fowls during
the winter. The warm food stimu-
lates them, diffuses an agreeable and
wholesome warmth through their
bodies, and tones up their digestive
organs. To keep hens lGs-fag proflta-
bly, during the winter, requires very
judicious management, and warm
breakfast is necessary part of it.
The breakfast is best made of boiled
vegetables, mixed with corn meal,
oatmeal, bran or shorts. All should
be fed, either together or separately.
each for two or three mornings at q
time Feeding together is the better,
and the corn-meal must be fed spar
ingly. The greater the variety tho
better. Season the food with salt and
pepper as you would your own food,
1t is common fault to make this
food sloppy-it should contain Just
enough moisture to hold it together.
The warm breakfast is not to take ths
place of milk or meat, and green food.
A good way to feed the meat is to
boil it with the breakfast. Nor is the
supply of gravel, crushed bone or oys-
ter shells, etc, TO be dispensed with.
Icecold water must not be given after
warm meal, nor at any time.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09

Element of Western Canada. 1t is a
commerce that is still carried on. and
though the Hudson Bay company has
changed to some extent and is to-day
more of merchandising corporation,
selling for cash such goods as are de-
manded by the better class OF the An
glo-Saxon race, goods which are trans
ported by railroad, it still does large
business with the Indians in which
beaver skins are accepted as currency.
and the larger part 'of this business
flows in and out of Hudson Bay. York
Factory is still the rendezvous of the
trappers. To it comes the dog trains
of the north, the Red river carts, the
almost endless chain of canoes padded
by dusky trappers. To these classes
York Factory is still the commercial
center; the single ship that once each
year drops its anchor here represents
to them the commerce OF the world.
What this great waterway has been
to the primitive commerce Of the past
and present, it can be to the growing
commerce of modern Canada. 1t is
destined in the near future to become
link in the transportation chain be-
tween the wheat fields of the western
plains of the Dominion to the hungry
mouths of Europe. The little settle
ment OF traders at York Factory is des-
tined to grow into a thriving seaport
town; its one ship to a feet OF
freighters. DANIEL. CLEvnRToN.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
FOR LIFTING BIC WEIGHTS.
A Continuance Which Is Easily Made
at Home and Strong Enough
to Do Heavy Work.

The illustration shows what I term
my little Sampson, a contrivance for
lifting heavy weights. BY studying the
figures carefully, any handy man can
make the woodwork, while the iron
parts can be left with the blacksmith.
No. i should be just feet high.
Planks for side pieces are 2x8. Blocks
at the ends are 3x3x8 and firmly Sc
cured by four as bolts s inches long
Now comes the important part. The
two rows OF holes as shown must be
exact. Lay off planks with two straight
lines just inches apart. Now lay
square on the plank SO that small blade
will cross the two long lines, and
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
Flowing After Grain is Cut.

l believe we gain great advan-
tage by blowing as soon as possible
after the grain is cut, as there is very
little weed seed that has ripened at
that time and l have never known
any seed to mature after this early
blowing. Other advantages are gain
ed thereby If a fellow wishes to
SOW fall grain he can prepare the
ground a great deal better, it will
hold more moisture and the land will
be ready any time he wishes to sow
the seed. 1t is to our advantage to
pillow early, as otherwise the ground
is so hard that it is nearly impossible
to plow. | would prefer to pillow any
time before it freezes up in the win
ter in preference to waiting until
spring, for at that time there is al
ways plenty OF work to do.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
Heelinn-in Trees.

When you get trees from the nurs-
cry, do not plant them hurriedly. Heel
them in, choosing a dry, sheltered
place; open q trench, lay in the trees,
in an inclined position so that the
tops will protect one another looking
20 the labels, that none may be lost
or misplaced; cover the roots well
with soil. leaving no air spaces, using
enough earth to shed water The
trees here win be much better off than
ff planted out in cold soil, to be
whipped about by the drying winds.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09

clusively to the shores of the bay, but
at the end of that time the hardy adj
venturers began pushing inland in
their efforts to obtain greater wealth
of furs. The traders pushed their bark
canoes up the rivers and eventually
reached the lakes of Manitoba. With
in so years from the time that marked
the beginning of this spirit of conquest
that impelled the traders to travel In
land they had crossed the continent,
Hudson Bay trading posts were scat
tered throughout the valleys of the
Red and Saskatchewan rivers, and their
tributaries and extended as far west
as the Rocky mountains To these
posts came the products of English
factories, and from them were sent
the products of the trappers of the
Northwest.
1t was this commerce which brought
about the exploration and early set.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
O.

mark the entire length in 11a-inch
spaces. or just the width of the square
blade. Now provide yourself with a
1B-inch bit and bore straight through
at every other junction OF sectional
lines; this being finished, we will star.
on the other line and bore on the cross
lines we skipped before, thus leaving
the holes at an angle, as shown in cut.
There should be 20 holes in each row.
The next will be two steel pins, (c)
measuring IL inches long and inch in
diameter. They should be slightly
pointed at one end and fiattened at the
other as shown in No 3.
For No. 2, the main iron should be
rs inch thick and inches wide and "a
inches long; inches wide from point
and extending back inches, where it
should be made just inches wide. On
the lower edge at b is shown two pin
saddles, which should be just Az
inches from center to center. Upper
hole for clevis pin is ~ inches back
of front saddle. Clevis is made of "a,
inch and pin of 1a-inch best iron.
Clovis is 8 inches long. Main hook Is
81 inches long and is made of steel "a
inch thick by IL inches wide, and
point should be literally reinforced.
We are now ready for the lever.
This is made of 3x3 stuff and is feet
long. Measure off feet and COM
mence tapering and rounding the re-
maing feet, leaving small end
inches in diameter Now cut mortisc
in square end 9s inch wide, and back
16 inches Around square end place a
snug-fitting collar (a), made of iron AK
/ inch. Now drive large iron.in mortisc
and bolt, as shown in No. 2. In No. l.,
C shows pins properly set for work
Our machine is now finished All of
the wood used in it should be of the
toughest kind procurable. Mine is
made of rock elm. The machine works
equally well in pulling stumps.-Or-
ange Judd Farmer.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
Concerning the Hog House.

~OU(EFfUFA ApC ivy ttOAS@s
The Indiana Farmer has published
designs of good hog houses. which Is
nm important matter to breeders
especially who desire the best results.
Mr.. James Fisher of Wisconsin sug-
gests some points on this matter that
are valuable. as follows:
"A hog house with all up-to-date
plans, containing feed, water and
bedding. and pen alley, and drive
way, all under one roof Is nice to con-
template, but | have never yet seen
one built on this plan that gave the
owner the profit and the hog the com
fort and sanitary conditions that
hog must have to maintain good
health. Sunlight and good ventilation
are far more profitable than one of
these fancy hog houses built for the
owners convenience, instead OF the
hogs comfort and health. The build
ing with low ceiling and double row
of pens is generally damp and foul
smelling. Sunlight in the sleeping
rooms and feeding places is the first
thing to think of. A house for hogs
should be so constructed that they can
be fed away from the nest. Farrow-
ing pens and accommodations ! deem
superior to other requisites. / like
the feeding floor outside, where the
sunlight can get at 1t, surrounded by
a tight fence of upright boards three
and one-half feet high. 1t affords
shelter from the cold winds.
We hear much about sunlight and
ventilation n our stables. and 1t is just
out sunlight and fresh air and there
is no feeder so skilled in feeding or
compromising a ration that he can OBJ
tain best results.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09

present time are number or Ameri-
can fishing schooners from the Maine
and Massachusetts coasts. and the an
nual visit OF the Hudson Bay company
boat bringing its supplies to York
Factory at the mouth OF the Nelson
river, and taking back to London its
load Of valuable furs.
Even in the past. though almost un-
known to the world of commerce, Hud-
son Bay has played an important part
in the development of the western por.
ton OF Canada. Since 1866, when Capt.
Gillian navigated the bay and estab-
lished trading post at its southern
end, it has figured in the worlds COM
merce Two years after the visit of
Capt. Gillian occurred the organization
of the Hudson Bay company, headed
by Black Prince Rupert. to whom
Charles the Second granted charter
ceding to Rupert and his associates
the lands drained by the waterways
flowing into HUDSON Bay.
The French at Quebec made ingres5
or egress to and from the territory
bestowed by King Charles by way of
the ST. Lawrence impossible, even had
it been desirable, and so the ships of
the company sailed in and out of
Hudson straits on their annual voy-
age, taking to the crude forts of the
company the implements of barter
with the Indians in return for which
was received their furs.
For three quarters of century this
primitive commerce was confined ex-
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
"cIearinn un.v

Whether on the fields or in the gar
den, an important winter work is the
clearing up Of the rubbish and weeds
that, while they were kept down early
in the season. have gained the mas
terry in the midsummer days, and in
the autumn present a heavy growth in
field and garden. What shall be done
with them? Weeds. in growing, take
from the soil the same plant food as
do the plants of our crops. Ii we can
turn under. while yet green, a crop
of weeds, it is often as valuable in
enriching the soil as if we had turned
under crop grown expressly for
green manuring. But in late autumn
the weed crop, having lost its succu-
Ience and become dry. is no longer fit
for turning under. Still, the weed
crop has taken up from the soil pot
ash, phosphoric acid and other plant
food. and stored them in its stems,
etc. These are just such materials as
the cultivated crop will need next sea-
son TO turn under the weeds at that
time would be to re-seed the land
with them. If they are taken to the
barn-yard or piggery, to be worked in
10 manure, the seeds will still remain
and bring trouble next season. The
only proper treatment for weeds
gone TO seed is to burn them All that
they contain of value to the crop OF
next season is left in the ashes To
burn the weeds and apply their ashes
to the soil is a mark of good farming.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
Advantages Of Small Breeds Of Fowls.


Though small in size, the Leghorns
and Hamburgs grow rapidly and ma
ture early. 1t requires some time be-
fore a large fowl attains its full size.
The advantage of the small breeds is,
that they permit us to make a short
cut to the laying point. though they
may be deficient in weight So far az
the cost is concerned. it has been de.
monstrated that it requires no more
food for a large fowl than a small
one, compared with the product. That
is, we can produce as many pounds
of Leghorn meat as we can of Cochin
meat with the same proportion Of
food. but in laying qualities the small
breeds are superior. as they are usual
ly nonsitters. and lay large eggs, An
other advantage with them is that,
being small, larger number can be
kept together, as they require les5
room on the roost. Being active, they
do not become excessively fat, and IL
allowed to run at large they will pick
up a large proportion of their food
during favorable seasons. Being Usu-
ally clean-legged. they are not as sub
ject to scabby legs as the Aslastlcs.
and if kept warm in winter they lay
about as well during the cold seasons
as in summer,
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
How Our Farms Paw.

Statistics for our State show that
the average return on all cultivated
lands in Indiana is about 50 per acre,
There are over two thousand farms
In Indiana which show a return of a
little over $50 per acre, and many
Others from $12 to SIS. Statistical re
turns from all the States show that
4he average gross returns from all
cultivated lands in this country is q
little less than $1,000 per acre, and
from cereals crops alone only $500
per acre.-Indiana Farmer.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
WATER pIsH FOR CHICKs.

WATER DISH FOR CHICKS.
wood plank two inches thick, four inches
wide. and eight inches long. A three
inch hole is bored nearly through. This
fountain cannot be tipped over, nor can
the little chicks get into ETHAN
Brooks, in Farm and Home.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09
SAFE LITTLE WATER DISH.
It Cannot Be Tipped Over, Nor Can
the Lively Little Chicks Be
Drowned in It.

A useful drinking fountain for young
chicks is shown in the accompanying
illustration. This is made of a hard
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09

past history OF the DOuIn-
ion, and especially of the northwest,
Canada Sea. and to encourage it's COM
mercial use as an outlet for the pro-
ducts of the Northwest Territories and
Manitoba.
Dominion statesmen believe there
are vast possibilities for Canada in the
development of this great inland sea
IL proper encouragement is offered for
the development of a commerce
through it. They believe it is destined
to become the rendezvous of a great
grain fleet which shall carry the agri
cultural products of the Western Can
adian plains to the markets of Europe,
thereby cheapening transportation, and
increasing the farmers profits. One
needs but study the map of Canada to
realize that these things are all very
possible, to say the least. Commerce
of the past, and of the present to a
large extent, follows the water courses,
and the waterways of Western Canada
find an outlet into Hudson Bay. OF
these waterways such streams as the
Nelson and Churchill rivers should
prove of wonderful Importance in the
development of the vast territory
awaiting the coming of man to be
changed from no-man's-land to popu-
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09

The first essential to high class
Safeguarding is a good ram.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1904-04-09

MOVEMENT has taken form
in Canada for the remaining
and developing of Hudson
Bay. 1t is proposed to call
the vast body OF water that
has figured SO largely in the
naef hic4oru ~ tho nonoir-
The Indianapolis journal., 1904-03-12
Measuring a Teacher.

The current method of training having failed
by reason of a false standard of measuring sue
cess, the remedy lies in substituting for that
standard a more scientific The current
standard calls for an estimate of success by
what the teacher does. and the standard now
suggested will call for judgment by what she
accomplishes.
But just the demand for an ideal class
room spirit has served to bring about mark
edly better spirit. so the demand for ideal re-
suits would undoubtedly be followed by better
work. The good that has been done by the de-
mand for better school spirit is incalculsbk
and the decades of effort in this direction have
been amply repaid. But the leaders of to-day
must not rest upon their laurels. The world is
moving forward, and standstill is the first step
toward retrogression. Besides, entire nous. IL is
of Importance to bear in mind that the laurels
now by educational reformers have been
placed on their heads by themselves, and it
would undoubtedly add to their satisfaction if
they should win crown from the public as
WelI.-Brooklyn Eagle.