The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-03-14

course. they were precluded from declaring
against them; but in a way which
may be readily summarized. a state OF
war became TO be recognized as having In
point of fact supervened on a state OF in
surrection. The secession movement, which
began in South Carolina, speedily spread
TO the other Southern States. Then the first
shot was fired from the batteries at Fort
Sumter on the Star of the West attempt
ing to enter Charleston with reinforcements.
Notwithstanding this. Lincoln characterized
Charleston surrendered TO the Confederates,
and votes were then asked for. Let
tiers Of marque were issued by the South.
and a blockade proclaimed by the North.
Larger war votes were asked. and Mr..
Seward announced in letter to the
American minister at Paris that the gov
eminent had accepted the civil war as an
inevitable necessity.
England and France thereupon recognized
the rights of the South as belligerent States,
and issued proclamations of neutrality
This action they justified on the ground that
although there had been no declaration
of war, the credits voted and the procla-
nation of a blockade were facts consistent
only with state OF war, not OF mere in
surrection.
The seven weeks war of 1866 began with
the rupture on the 18th of June OF diplo-
matte relations between Prussia and Aus
tria. followed on the same day by decla-
ration of war by the former power against
SaXony, whose territory was entered on the
18th On the 10th Austria intimated her in
tentiOn or supporting SaNonys and this
Prussia interpreted as declaration OF war.
armies was issued by Emperor Francis
Joseph. On the I'D Prince Fritz Carl COM
planned of the violation Of the Silesan from
tier by the Austrians, without any formal
declaration Of war.
This complaint is a curious example OF
historical retribution, precisely, similar
protest having been made l2o years earlier
by Austria against the Prussian invasion
of Silesia. The Red Prince followed up his
complaint by formally declaring war
against Austria, measure which Italy had
taken two days previously: -Four years
later, Prussia was again involved in a
war which was destined TO complete the
unification of Germany. to which the seven
weeks war had been the first step.
On the 18th OF July, 1870 IL was an
nounced by the French ministry that the
| King Of Pursia had refused TO receive the
| Emperor's ambassador, and that the Ger
man minister was preparing 10 leave Paris.
| Large war credits were asked, as, in the
| face Of these facts France could no longer
maintain peace. On the 18th the sighted
/ French minister reached Paris, and the
| German representative left. France there
| upon, with a self-assertion characteristic
J Of the popular feeling of the time. issued a
| declaration OF war, copy of which was
| handed by the charge d'affaires at Berlin
before the Parliament of the North Ger
man Confederation on the 10Th. England.
on the 18th, had recognized the existence
| OF war by her proclamation Of neutrality.
CZAR AND SULTAN.
! III the next war OF any moment, the
Turkish war OF 1871. we have re-
ductio ad absurdum of the doctrine Of the
necessity for a declaration so far as de-
manded in the interests Of the enemy. on
| the oath of April the Gar issued a decIara-
| ton of war at Kishenef. Copies were cir
| culated among the commanding officers OF
| the various regiments. and the diplomatic
agents OF the great powers were also prop
| erly enough appraised of the contents. with
| the result that England France and Italy
| issued proclamations Of neutrality six days
| later. The sublime Porte, for whose in
/ formation the declaration was presumably,
| in the first instance intended. of course. got
i copy of the manifesto; but the precise
| extent TO which IL benefited by the war
beiEg declared mot simply begun will be
| appreciated when IL is remembered that
| By the evening of the day when the Em-
! peror made the proclamation at kishenef
! 5000 troops had already crossed the from
! tier into Roumania.
Among the struggles OF less Importance.
the Ashantee war Of 1913. the Transvaal
| war, the French wars in Tonquin
were all began without declaration.
| In the aforementioned case. Arab
Pash2 r. was RE Feqg s6r, on July TO- lss2
! on his failure 10 dc so within the time speci-
| fed. the bombardment began.
There are two instances in which small
/ states comparatively recently have reverted
/ TO the ancient practice On Nov. u 1856,
! King Theebaw OF Burmah favored England
with a declaration Of war. the information
/ conveyed by which. however appears rather
! superfiUous. as the English troops were al
/ ready advancing on his capital The reply
was a proclamation deposiig his dusky
/ Majesty. In the same month Servia went
/ 10 war with Bulgaria. In both Of Servias
/ attacks on Turkey-in June 1876 and De-
| cember. lS13-she duly declared war before
i attacking. and when she came 10 differ with
! Bulgaria she acted consistently. sending
] most orthodox declaration OF war. the chal-
lenge Of which was cordially accepted by
| Bulgaria
| The circumstances which led up 10 the
| wars with Spain and the last BOer war
are OF 50 recent occurrence as TO need no
| recounting here