davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17

OF the British battleship Hood recently lost his
balance while at work a sunken torpedo and
hung for five hours heels head under some
forty feet OF water. He had tangled his lines with
the hawser. which he had attached 70 the torpedo
and with which his companions above at
tempting TO hoist. When rescued at last by a
fellow diver ne found unconscious. but alive.
In another half hour. however. he would have
drowned. Because the pressure Of air had not been
sufficient. water had leaked in ard collected In the
helmet. when he was found the water had risen
TO within quarter OF inch Of his nostrils. In
tropical waters sharks menace diver with such
ferocity that he is only safe when working in a
great cylindrical cage
Because OF the isolated character OF his work
a few become divers with the idea that it affords
q chance TO loaf. At first the lazy may
fool his employer completely. lie is completely
hidden from sight and II he chooses he may sit
down the mud. lean his pondeTous helmet against
the side OF the wreck ana take nap In the mean
time. the pump handlers work away. and the ten
der watches steadfasty for a signal thinking all
the time that their submerged companion is toiing
aboriously. After his nap the diver may come up
and announce that the job is especially hard. and
he must needs go down again. No con-
tradict him. No one knows but himself In order
TO prevent loafnG most employers of divers have
introduced electric telephones. by which they can
communicate with a any time they choose
but even telephone will not feaze Of
them" said one master diver. II had a one
time who ] thought was loafing and made him
suit with a telephone. Even then I sus-
pected him OF mapping. I would have To call
several times before getting him sometimes. So
last gave him job that had already exam
ined and knew would take him no more than if-
minutes. He down hour. and yet no
signal Without letting the crew know. lest they
would wake aim up through connvance, slipped
down the other side of the boat and around TO
where he was. There found him full stretch
Fl the mud of the bottom. with his feet stuck un-
der the nukes of cast-away anchor to prevent him
from turning q somersal.lt"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17

-. dangers of the divers life little realized
s., she world on land until one Is Killed Some fifty
divers are at work almost every day in the waters
:, Nevv-York Harbor. yet. as long as they perform
,.sir tasks successfully. they remain as obscure
sr tbeir dim haunts. While securing of barnacles
com ship bottoms. or patching holes in sunken
hulls or mendng pipes under The East River. their
-orl< even II visible. is too commonplace Ito point
. moral or adorn tale" Even when there is a
reck and lives are lost few think Of the patient
rloading diver. who gropes through the watery
ssloons OF the steamships and brings TO the sur
ssce tho pallid corpses.
II the death OF 'I8nl'' Hoar the other day at the
Action OF she Boouton reservoir. however the land
,ulter gets a glimpse into submarine lie when
-naloes him PAUSE and ponder II is vague glimpse
-, IT rlls his head with the widest fancies Why
ehouIf men choose 50 perilous an occupauonE ne
ssks himself. What weird scenes the diver must
a. en- the course Of his life, Wat strain on MS
,,rr and heart 10 work encased in such ponderous
s-oo-, These and other questions crowd on the
mind OF one who has learned OF Bill" Hoars ter
ribls fate
n, the four fundamental elements. earth. fire.
mir and water. fire is generally regarded as the
most terrible Yet a death in flame has the ad-
-srtace Of A quick deverance OF the tortured soul
Bur he who falls victim to water. as the diver
,-7uertl, does IS likely 10 die slowly that the
,ninutes Of MS anguish stretch out into internin-
able enochs Of time. one need only imagine what
,esse5 through the mind Of Hoar the two days and
rFrf- he Is believed 10 nave llNeN AZ A44S
bo,ton OF the reservoir waiting for aid which only
came in vain
With his leg caught fast in the suction OF the
.,-f,e nine which held him a hundred times more
,ir--1v than any mere flesh and blood octopus,
onl, sixty feet away from his faithful companions
working the air pump the raft above Yet prac-
-sr-uv In another corner OF the universe; shaking
,re hands OF divers who came down through the
f,aon gloom only TO work over him in vain and
,he- so floating away again. with only the puff
r,1n Of the air squirting into his helmet through
-re s1akelike hose to record the seconds which
6rarced like ages. with a mind perfectly clear TO
con lure I'D a thousand images In which death
might finally appear 10 him, bill" Hoar only
5,ed again that water is not only the most peace
nj t-l+ tbe most cruel element OF nature.
z-l,on the diver is initiated into the mysteries
nj tte deem he is extremely cautious. Then he ap-
recates far more than after he has become accus-
fored 10 his strange surroundings the peTils OF his
new life As soon he has donned his armor
whose very hideousness would seem 20 indicate the
,e-rors lurking in that unnatural element into
which he ventures and has sunk beneath the sur
face every sense begins 70 act in a weirdly dis
torted fashion. He thinks he sees objects within
reach which in reality are far remote He
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17

diving costume and searched the bottom OF the
bay for three long weeks At last he found the
treasure Just the tradition had described IT. and
returning to his native town. he built Dollar
Row"
There are still buried treasure ships whose exact
situations are known to mariners but which arc
inaccessible because Of their great depth Divers
equipped with the present brass and rubber uni
forms cannot 90 deeper than 200 feet. and at
this depth only few can remain more than FIVE
minutes. one hundred and twenty feet is the limit
for most miners Of the for at this depth they
under a pressure Of four atnospheres.
Within only days sail from this city sailors
say that 100000 In gold and silver is sub
merged One may take boat at Bergen Beach
and out TO where Il is directly over a ship
containing a treasure worth $4,000 Rich with gold
from Cuba. the schooner HaTgrave lies of Barne-
gat Even IN the belt which enclrcles the skeleton
OF tho schooners captain $4,000 worth OF Jewels
said 20 be hidden Near Turks Island, which is
situated north OF Hayu, rests a ship containing a
half million dollar fortune, which a companion
TO another vessel sunk IN shallower water near by
In which American divers succeeded in digging up
$4,000 on the north coast OF Venezuela not far
from Cumana. the Spanish flagship San Pedro still
waIlows IA the with $1,000 900 aboard in coin
plate and Jewels OF the Cuban coast a United
States steamer with 100000 OF California gold
has deied every diver who has attempted 10 reach
It The Zuyder Zee Of Holland has come to be
known the graveyard OF ships. Among its many
wrecks is the stu untouched French man or war
which sank with a treasure estimated 81 600 600
For the reason that venture only a few
feet down into the the diver OF these practical
modern times has abandoned his hunt for treasure
and has become a skilled laborer at IS day
Though his wages are larger than many kinds OF
workmen earn. nevertheless they are less regular
and the diver who $50 month is regarded
lucky He Is indeed fortunate IL he obtain a
steady Job in the Dock Department. for the city
employs eight divers at IS day throughout the
year. with only four hours Of labor in the twenty
four and 81 Is extra for every additional hour
Hoar had obtained such position the day he died
In preparing for his work the diver serve a
long and tedious apprenticeship. For the reason
that he viii be called 10 do the work of various
trades such those of mason, carpenter. iron
worker. plumber and mariner. he must master the
principles OF ali these vacations. He generally
serves three years a member OF wrecking
crew. and In addition to everything else he studies
ths chaxactss Of the waters, shsir depth and ouzs
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17

claps his hands with difficulty, and hears no
sound yet knock on the side OF a ship with his
knuckles gives the ring OF a bell bis body has an
unusual nghtness. so that little leap VIII carry
him over vast spaces HIS sense OF smell has been
snnhilsted- The air which pufs into his helmet
and then. leaking out through the escape valve
back Of ear. bubbles up 20 the surface II out
Of the snout OF porpoise. at first had the scent Of
machine OIL. In few minutes IL becomes utterly
ooorless
When the father OF Robert Louis Stevenson was
building the breakwater at Wick the future author
Then only q LAD. diver at work and was over
come with & curiosity 10 learn how the under
world Of water looked. So. without more ado than
asking the "arnored man" 70 let him go along, the
ocy became diver, too.
1t was gray. harsh. easterly weather" he wrote
IN describing his experience afterward. The swell
ran pretty high. and out in the open there were
skppers' daughters when I found myself al last
On the divers platform twenty pounds Of lead upon
each foot. ana my whole person swollen with ply
on ply OF woollen Undertaking. One moment the
tat wind was whistling around my nightcapped
head: the next I was crushed almost double under
The weight OF the helmet The attendants began 10
turn the hurdy-gurdy, and the air to whistle
Through the tube. Some one screwed in the barred
window OF the visor and I cut of in a moment
from my fellow standing there in their midst
but quite divorced from intercourse: creature deaf
end dumb pathetically looking forth upon them
trom climate OF his own. But time was scarce
tlFen me 10 realize my Isolation The weights were
hung upon my back and breast. the signal rope was
thrust into my unresisting hand: and. setting a
twenty pound foot upon the ladder. began ponder
ously TO Descend.
twenty rounds below the platform twilight fell
sno found myself IN a low. green heaven. notified
WIN vanishing bells OF white. Except for the
"seoy spokes and shafts OF the ladder there was
nothing but a green gloom. somewhat opaque, but
very restful and delicious"
re speaks OF meeting his fellow diver Bob
BAN, and ADDS:
mere we were. hand 10 hand and (when Il
teaseo us) eye 10 eye yet either might have burst
'nseH with shouting and not a whisper come
~ me- companions hearing. Each in HIS own little
"orio OF air stood incommunicably apart
s@ye little impulse from my toe Up I
- "a AEe bird. my companion soaring at my
- H-eher and higher ] pursued my impotent
Empty hight Ever when the strong arm OF
-, ~ nae checked my shoulder. my heels continued
asoen, 30 that blew out sideways. like en-
As&1 and bad 20 b hauled In hand oysy
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17

diver may be killed or his life shortened many
years II the air is not given him at the right
pressure. On the surface Of the water the atmos
phere presses against all parts OF his body about
fifteen pounds to the inch. Yet the pressure
Is as much from within outward in the opposite
direction and neutralizes itself. As soon the
diver descends into water the pressure OF air
against his flesh must be increased Just enough
prevent the ponderous brass helmet in which his
head is incased from crushing his shoulders
A peril which constantly menaces the diver is
the breaking OF his air pipe. Wherever he goes
he watches lest he cut IT on sharp projection
The moment that IT snaps. the air pressure within
his suit is gone and the dead weight of all those
feet of pounds his helmet with the force OF
a trphammer. AS his body is charged with air
at a high pressure this air rushes outward. thus
dstending such elastic organs the eyes and
drums to bursting
II remember a where divers hose broke
said Captain NcCloud. chief diver of the Merritt
g. Chapman Wrecking Company. the other day. as
he compacently smoked his pipe the top floor
OF the Whitehall Building. He work on a
sunken sugar ship. and he down some sixty
feet. All ut the air handles whizzed
round like the hywheels OF engine when the
belt slips off. and with hiss that sounded like a
snakes the hose writhinG and twisting to
the surface. Before the tender could yell for help
a great bubble exploded right under him. followed
by a string of smaller
well. pulled up that lifeline all IN one
breath, We got that helmet off, and pulled off
his suit. We thought him dead. His eyes bulged
out till they looked like fingers. and his eardrums
were bowed out like little balloons. Around his
neck where the heavy brass rim OF tho helmet
struck him there livid black circle which
looked like burned wood. But he out of II.
He's alive. but lie isn't much good to him now.
One side is paraiyzed and the other is getting
numb"
At depths less than sixty feet the ordinary diver
can work hour after hour. but below that limit he
must take frequent rests. -Four hours constitute
a days work at all depths. Thus. at seventy feet
he works threeauarters OF hour and rests fifteen
minutes. At eighty feet he works forty and rests
twenty minutes. Thus the ratio continues until a,
Ito feet few divers work moro than ten minutes
Whs0 . diver has stayed down too long. b does
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17

not suffer while still in the water. but after coming
to the surface. After prot~acted immersion his
organs do not quickly the lighter press
ure and the sweilings from air pushing out
through the tissues do subside rapidly.
Divers say that even if Hoar had been taken out
at the end of ore day. when comrade diver
found him alive. he would have afterward died
from shock
Ordinarily the experienced diver as he slowly
descends does not notice any sensations that are
painful. He feels n cracking of the ear drums.
which he relieves by keeping his mouth open and
swallowing frequently. He does not find it much
harder to breathe until he gets very deep. when
the air has a drowsy effect on his senses Hoar at
sixty feet deep enough, divers say, TO have
felt any drowsiress On the other hand. all believe
that his mind was clear and alert On rising after
the usual stay down" the crackings Of the ears
begin again and again they may be checked by
swallowing an act which forces air of the same
density as that outside through the eustachian
tubes into the chamber behind the ear drum I'm
less man has heart that IS perfectly sound, and
lungs that are especially strong he should never
don the divers arInor. Even with these he some
times is compelled to abandon submarine work
after year or two. A lean man generally shows
the most endurance for this kind of life, and the
diver who works deepest for the NewYork wreck
ing companies weighs only 40 pounds. and is OF
only ordinary physique.
Another peril which the diver encounters is the
"somersault' Because of the great weight Of his
helmet he is likely turn turtle despite his lead
soled boots. In suda Bay. island of Crete diver
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17
A NEW ALLOY.
A Valuable Discovery by German Physi-
nist

Invar. alloy which. when heated. contracts IN.
stead of expanding. has recently been invented by
DR.. Guillaune the physicist. II consists OF nickel
and STEEL therefore OF two metals which each for
itself expands rather considerably in heat Correct
measurements have, however shown that Or.
Guillsune has really produced alloys which. when
heated. expand less than marble or wood.
and when slightly changed in their compo-
sittOn even contract when heated Proportions Of
compositions OF alloys have also been found so
that they neither expand contract. but remain
the same IN all degrees OF heat
The Importance of this invention Is extraordinary
For scientific well for practical purposes.
measuring instruments OF fnvar. as the inventor
calls the new alloy will render most superior SER
vices. Already objects for tropical surveys have
been made OF 10. Such measurements always sur
panson OF the metals in the heat and required nu-
merous measurements. Measuring sticks for lab
OratOries as well for official gauging also TO
be made OF this alloy.
Or Csulaune has made special alloy to correct
ne unrest OF naval thermometers by the medium,
defect OF temperature Such a chronOmeter recent
Iv tested az the observatory at Kew. near London
had only q deviation Of IS OF second day. and
for an increase OF temperature OF degree Fahren-
heit each the deviation only Goa OF second a
must excel by their Interchangeable and even swings
seIf-evident. and the tests made the same OBJ
servatory have demonstrated that in differ
OF temperature OF is degrees Gel simDle
pendulums OF invar rods showed only a deviation
Of 2 OF second day. IL has 20 be added thar
but consisted only of rods. With these exarnnIes
the number OF OF invar is certainly not al an
exhausted and undoubtedly many more wiz yas =
toVads-CRAuk1osA GsHA
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17
PERTLS TO WHICH DIVERS EXPOSE THEMSELVES.
HOW SUBM1fRINE WORK rs Carried ON-STEVEN-
SONS EXPERIENCE IN THE DIVERS HELMET.

hand and propped upon my feet Ike an intoxicated
sparrow.
AS the wolf differs from the 81. Bernard. the
diver OF old times contrasts with the professional
diver of to-day. The former was sort of scav-
enger Of the deep. The latter is a servant OF man
kind. IN the days when Spanish treasure ships
sank along the American coasts. there was many a
thrilling story Of divers who went down even IN
aided by alright costumes and discovered fortunes
Of submerged sold. With the introduction of diving
suits AT the end of the eighteenth century, many
Adventures dared to make still deeper conquests OF
the sea. and a few sudden and enormous
wealth OF such the poet sang:
deep OF the cold
The diver is seeking a Treasure OF gold,
Risling his life FOR the sport Of a wreck,
Taking rich the dead the deck.
An fearful such sights TO the diver must he.
Walking alone in the depths OF the sea.
In Whitstahle. a maritime town of England. six
miles from Canterbury there still stands a street
full Of houses called Dollar Row A Whitstable
citizen by the name OF Gam CHANGED visit Gal
way. and hearing that Of the vessels Of the
Spanish Armada had been sunk in the harbor, with
great chests Of Spanish doubloons aboard. he hired
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1904-04-17

rents I'm which he viii day work. He SeaTns
to be a divers tender the man who holds the life
line and air tube OF diver. and these some OF
the signals with which he becomes familiar:
One pull Of air hose-More air
Two pulls OF air hose-Iess air.
Three pulls Of air hose-Pull Il up.
One pull OF life line--Haul up working rope.
Two pulls of life line-Bower working rope
Three pulls OF life line-Haul up diver.
As the pressure OF the water Increases the
divers suit about the rate Of pound for
every two feet, the apprentice must learn how to
manage the air pump. He must memorze the fol-
lowing table and that the gauge Of the air
pump tallies 10 Il nearly possible:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-10-23
STATE CONFERENCE.
Daughters Of American Reyolu-
Especial to The Tines-Dispatchl

sfSlpSLAii ~ \ NJ
EREI1ERICIlSBURG. VA. October %
The State Conference Of the Daughters
Of The American Revolution will be held
in this city next week. This ladies of the
Betty Washington Lewis CHAPTER. Of this
city, have accepted for the visitors an in
,-!tation 70 attend a musicale rendered by
Acorn Lodge OF 0dd-Tellpws on Tuesday
night Wednesday there will be tHo
business sessions of The organization. with
a luncheon at / o'clock. given TO the
delegates and visitors and local chapter
BY Mrs. John T. Goolrick at the Mary
Washington Monument Lodge. Wednes-
day right the Betty Washington Lewis
Chapter will give reception in honor
Of visiting guests and refreshments will
he served Thursday morning another
business session Will be held and Thurs
day afternoon the visitors will be driven
about the city to the many historical
buildings ana other points OF interest.
concluding with an afternoon tea at
"esnowdcn," the beautiful suburban home
Of Mrs Dorr Clark
Thursday night Mrs Charles L. Ruttin
VIII give n farewell reception.
rho Baptist revival which has been in
progress in the Baptist Church for two
weeks has closed. \ number of acces-
slons resulted.
THO ladies Of Trinity Episcopal Church
realized over 5000 from M entertainment
given Thursday night at the Enterprise
building.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-10-23

Bank Statement Was a Most
Favorable Ex-
| hibit.
IRREGULARITIES AT TIMES.
There Was a Healthy Demand
and Strength characterized
the Dealings.

tspecial TO The Times -DIspa,ch. (,

a especial TO The Times Dispatch.) a5i4ss
NEW YORK, October 2o-In the week
end transactions the Sew York Stock
Exchange strength characterized the dealings
Considerable ere attention was given to n
few particular Issues Than 10 others. but the
firm tone throughout The list was generally
maintained. The bank statement, contrary
TO expectation, was favorable exhibit. Tie
loan item showing an Increase OF only So
$1,000. after the tremendous speculation of
the past week. created mueh favorable COM
raent. and FREQ buying after its publication
carried prices to abou, the highest OF the
last days session.
The only explanation possible OF ,o.day's
bank statement was that It In some sense
corrected the discrepancies witch were dis
PLACED in last weeks report. Practically all
OF the preliminary estimates Of the week's
movements In currency showed only nominal
change so far as the banks were concerned.
To-days bank statement. however, showed
al increase in cash holdings OF 81, 535 900. The
loan account Increased s3,sl7.cGJ and tho
changes IN the two items were inadcauatciy
Reflected 81 tho deposit account, which rose
ts.b59s0. In consequence OF the other
changes. surplus reserves Increased Sl.S9sn0p,
and the banks now hold Sl7,sNa,y0o cash in
excess Of the lawful requirements Surplus
reserves In the corresponding week OF last
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-10-23
THREE CEREMONIES
FOR One MARRIAGE.
That Is Way Titled Foreigner
Was Needed to Penn
sylvania Girl.
sylVania Girl
(By Associated Press.

PITTsEURG. October 22.-Much inter-
est was aroused in social circles Friday
evening when it tacame known that Mss
Edith Oliver. Of sewickley Heights,
daughter Of James 3. Oliver, had already
gone through two ceremonies, and held a
third in view, making her the Marchion-
ess de Slneurs, of Naples and Paris.
For some time society has been ex-
5pectant regarding the coming wedding of
Miss Oliver to Marquis Alfred du Smet
dc Smeurs. OF Paris. who came to Amer
lea some months ago with the divers.
and whose engagement & to Miss Oliver
was announced by Mr.. md Mrs Oliver
on their arrival In New York.
Yesterday, however. 1t was discovered
that there was a Quiet little ceremony III
the little room known as the Italian Con-
sllate here Consul Lionel Scelicb per-
forming the ceremony. Tho divers
were represented by the bride only. The
Marquis was accompanied by Count Ora
Inedc, Of France and Marquis Bugnane.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1904-10-23
Complex Conditions.

Underlying conditions have been nowise
changed and they warrant prolonged bull
movement In the security iparket-but when
tho speculative interests enters into daily
trading. fluctuations arc bound to become
Giraffe. Conditions becenin5 complex when
there is considerable mess OF holdings car
ried on mnrg!ns-individual whims. the desire
to secure profits, the shifting from one
security to another, the Influence OF rumor,
and all the thousand fancies which affect
the speculative mind, become effectual. II
goes without saying that n market approach
ing two million shares u day must reflect
II great deal of northumberland pur-
chascs cannot account for such enormous
transactions. 1t Is not believed there u the
slightest danger In II revival Of speculative
activity; prices for securities are still CON
seryative. Judging by their irterest and diyl-
closed There can DO q great deal OF healthy,
speculation and o, great deal more advance
before reaching tho danger point, but It is
,nent hnH entered into trading which VIII
cnllven price movements in either direction