davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
DELEGATES AT ST. LOUIS.
Republicans Go From Chicago to the
Worlds Fair.

ST. Louis, June 24.-Nearly thou
sand delegates to the republican ma
tional convention in Chicago arrived IN
st. Louis on three special trains today
to visit the Worlds Fair as guests OF
the exposition
The feature of the Swedish day cele
bration in Festival hall today was a
chorus of fifty-four students from the
University of Lund, Sweden, at the ex-
ercises, which We're preceded by a pa
rade Addresses were made by Gustav
Andreen president of Augustana Col
lege, Rock Island, H.; c. ]. A. Erickson.
of Boone, Iowa, and others. The day
was somewhat disagreeable because oi
a dri2zlng rain
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
BIG RENT FOR APARTMENT.
New York Woman Pays Unpresedent
cd Price Of $4,000.

New York. June 2i.-Miss Faith
Moore, seeking an apartment In wri.h
she might live in unostentatious s,y,e,
has selected one of fifteen rooms end
five bathrooms at the hither.o nnpre-
scedented rental of $4,000 4 year. TIE
building is 7S5 Fifth avenue. the en-
tire sixth floor of which Miss Moore
and her aunt are to occupy Several
millions We're her inheritance from her
father. John Godfrey Moore. senior
member of the firm of Moore " SchIey.
who died in 1899. She is about IS
years old. Her sister married Lieucn-
ant Colonel Arthur Lee of the British
army. who was attached to the British
legation in Washington. Miss M5ofes
favorite diversion is her library. One
thing which she likes about her pres
pective home is that there will he Room
for her collection of several thousand
volumes.
Miss Moore's rental amounts to
about $2SS.46 a week, sI.21 Il day and
s1.6a an hour, and experts say IT is
the highest price ever paid for an
apartment in this city. The highest
known price was $4,000 paid for nne
apartment in the Bolkenhayne Double
apartments in the Navarro bring sl0,-
600. and there are suites in the T frany
building at Madison avenue and Sew
enty- second street which rent from
$4,000 to $4,000 year The Misses
Calender and De Forest. who long
lived in one Of the Tiffany apartments.
are said to have paid $4,000 a year.
Private houses in the exclusive rarts
of the city may be had from $4,000 to
$4,000. The home OF John D. Rookie.
feller, Jr., is rented furnished sor si2.-
900 a year.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
COLLEGE BACHELOR HIT.
President schurman Causes sensation
by Denouncina Club Life.

by Denouncing Club Lite.
Ithica, N. T.. June President
Schurman in his address to Cornell
graduates created sensation by dee
nouncing the college s1nan. who, AZ q
matter Of choice, lives the life Of q
bachelor.
Il have no patience. said President
Schurman, with the college graduates
who deliberately elect bachelordOll.i
whose social circle Is the club. ana
whose religion is a refined and fastt-
dious epicureanispl. 1t would not be
worth while maintaining colleges and
universities for the production Of sroth
like that Certainly Ezra Cornell con-
templated worthier product when he
founded this great democratic univer-
sity, dedicated both to practical and
liberal education"
Seated upon the platform were sew
eral old bachelor members OF the Corr
nell faculty who were graduates Of the
university in Its earlier days. Proni-
nent among them was Dean Earnest
W. Huffcut, OF the college Of law. who
received the invective OF his chief with
a smile, while the graduates applaud
ed.
Five hundred and twenty -seven de-
grees were conferred as follows: Arts.
25e: law, 40; agriculture, IA; veterfn-
ary 1e; forestry, s; architecture.
civxil engineering, 81: mechanical en-
gineering, 40. Is
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24

ters of fact The national platform
points to tariff revision by republicans,
just as Governor Cummins would have
done. He would have the work begin
now. That is matter OF Judgment on
which individuals may differ. as to
whether the time has come for com-
mencing inquiry as to the necessity for
revision. But the statement OF princi-
pfe is the same 1t would appear TO ne
that the platform Is a splendid one,
and every republican can stand on 1t.
=. Rosewater, OF the Omaha Bee,
was disappointed because there was so
little doing. Il have been to all the
national conventions for thirty years.
he declared. 1T was the quietest !
have ever seen. There was no fight
on. A convention is a tame affair un-
less there is fight over something.
But this year there is perfect har-
mony all along the lines. All are re-
publicans and all are satisfied. But
we will have to do something to stir
up enthusiasm"
"The platform contains a fine state
ment of republican principles, said
Isaac Brandt, the veteran politician
and one of the organizers of the party
in Indiana, 1T fairly states the prin-
ciples of the party which has made 1t
great and the platform will certainly
unite every loyal republican around It"
THE convention has done its work
we'll" said Senator Allison, as he was
caught at the finish for minute. ''The
platform is one on which we can all
stand. 1t is in line with the sentiments
of the great majority of Iowa people
and the more they discuss it the better
they will like il"
"a platform like that which was re-
Gently promulgated in Iowa. said one
of the South Dakota delegation, would
have made our state doubtful. The
republican party doesn't dare become a
standpat party and invite tariff tink-
ering by the democrats A declaration
that the tariff schedules are not to be
touched would have cost the party a
million votes in the west"
Iowa headquarters at Chicago We're
among the most popular. They Were
convenient, handsomely decorated
with portraits Of prominent party lead
ers like Allison, Cumnins, Gear, Shaw
and Dolliver, and everyone was made
welcome
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
TRAGEDY AT DETROIT
Prominent Insurance Man Attempts to
Kill Young Woman With Whom He
Had Become involved and Then
Leaps From Eleventh Story Window.

Leaps From Eleventh Story Window.
Detroit, June 24.-Charles A. Swayse
today shot Miss Etfie l.. Alvord, of
Saginaw. and beat her about the head
with revolver while the couple were
in corridor on the eleventh floor of the
Chamber OF Commerce building.
Swayse then jumped out OF window
to the bricl; pavement beneath. He was
instantly killed. The woman probably
viii recover.
Swayse was employed by life insur-
ance company and was former assist
ant superintendent Of the Detroit house
OF correction.
Miss Alyord drove up TO the building
in an automobile. accompanied by a
man. She went to the eleventh floor,
and entering the office OF the insurance
company asked to have private inter-
view with Swayse. She was shown intn
small private Office, where Swayse
Joined her. shutting and locking the
door. In a few moments persons in the
office heslrd struggle and then
screams followed In quick succession
by several pistol shots. Manager Nc
Call broke open the door and found the
woman prostrate on the floor, her hair
disheyeied. waist torn and blood pour
lax from I,istol wounds In her neck and
wrist. Thru the open window Mccall
could see Swayse's hands clutching the
window ledge. Then SM.ayse let go and
his body vent whirling down thru the
air. 1t lit several wires and turned
over twice. striking OH the face and
chest.
A bulle, wound In the nose showed he
had also shot himself before taking the
plunge. Miss Alvord worked at the
house Of correction when Swayse was
assistant superintendent there. A let
ter written by Swayse was found
which. it Is alleged, says Miss Alvord
and Sw;lyse had been intimate and
their Intimacy was responsible for
Swayse's losing his position at the
house OF correction. and that the
woman had been bounding him.
Swayse was aged IS and leaves a
widow and two children.
The first letter Of two found IN
Swayse's pockets after the fatal jump
was addressed to Mrs. Annie E.
Seeney, Saginaw, Mich. warning her
not to let her son marry Miss Alvord.
1t declared that when Swayse and the
woman were employed at the house OF
correction she tempted him and ne
fell.p 1t speaks of her wiles and
treacherv, and calls her one OF the most
deceitful of women that ever dis
graced the earth" Swayse declared his
life had been blameless until the
woman invited him to her room, and
their intimacy continued until last
April sswayse says his home was
broken up as a result of the intimacy,
and he declares he wanted to save Mrs.
Seeney's son. George, who was about
TO marry Miss Alvor6l, from the dis
grace 1 have suffered" The second let
ter is f;om Miss Alvord to Swayse.
written while she was out In the state.
1t says she expects George" to send
for her l,y the first of August, and ends
Il have not forgotten you. and never
will We can always be friends
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
The Aristocraey Of Pork

When Theodore Parker first visited
Cincinnati. at that time the recognized
leader among western cities, he said
that ha had made q great discovery
namely that while the aristocracy Of
Cincinnati was unquestionably found
ad IN pork. It made great diff
ference whether a man killed pigs for
himself. or whether his fatner nad
-killed them. The one xxx held plebian
the other patrician. && was the dlHer-
ence, Parker said. between the STICK
'ems and the stuck ems; ana his own
sympathies, he confessed. We're Win
the present tense.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
BAD ACCIDENT At BRITT.
p. D. Palmer, Well Known Resident,
Run Over by Ice Wagon.

Special to Times Republican.
Britt, June PAP. D. Palmer, an old
resident of this town was run over by
a runaway ice wagon, resulting in two
ribs and a broken arm. Mr.. Palmer is
quite deaf and did not hear nor see the
approaching team and was taken un-
awares He is conscious, but in a very
critical condition and much doubt is
entertained for his recovery. Mr..
Palrner's wife died this spring and he
is now living with his son, Charles l..
Palmer, eX-mayor.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
END SUNDAY SCHOOL MEETING.
Indiana Association Elects w. c. Hal
Of indianapolis President.

Richmond, Ind. June 24.-The In
diana State Sunday School Association
adjourned. In the business session the
following officers were elected:
President-W. c. Hall, Indianap-
oils.
Vice presidents-E. w. Felt, Green
field; Josiah Morris. Rockville; E. A.
Hackett. Fort Wayne.
Secretary-C. NJ. Lemon, Indianap-
oils.
Treasurer-w. H. Elvin. 1ndianap-
oils.
The report of the treasurer show
ed receipts of $4,000, with 5000 ball
ance.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
TO Increase American Shipping.

Chicago. June o4.--The United States
Merchants Marine commission. creat-
ed under the provisions of the Gardner
oill passed at the last session of con-
gress, conferred with the Chicago ma
rine shippers, exporters and bankers
here today With view to forming a
ulan fr increasing the number of ships
carrying the American flag on the high
ieas. \ plan will be submitted to con-
ress for consideration next session.
commissioners will remain two
daya
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
intrenchnents Thrown Up.

1sien Tsin, June 24.-New intrench-
ments are being thrown up east of the
Lilac river. The Chinese have been
expelled from their houses. which are
to be used by the Russian troops. A
new proclamation has been issued, for
bidding exports Of food stuffs north Of
New Chwang. II is reported that large
bodies of troops are eight miles from
New Chwang under command of Gen
eral Kuropatkin. 1t is supposed they
are marching toward Kai Chou.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
Grain Dealers Meet.

Milwaukee. June 22.-About 1,5ot
,oanbers of the National Grain Deal-
ars, Association are present at the an
NAL convention Of that organization
hsra TODAY. Today's session was OF .
routine character.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
Tariff for Canal Strip.

Washington, June 24.-Secretary
Taft today issued orders making the
terms of the Dingley act as to tariff
rates applicable to the canal strip on
the Isthmus of Panama and providing
for the establishment Of postoff1ces on
the canal strip.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
PAUL MORTON IN WASHINGTON.
Prospective New secsetary OF the Navy
Sees President.

Washington. June 24.-Paul Morton
of Chicago. who was offered the posi-
,ion of secretary of the navy by Presi-
dent Roosevelt to succeed Secretary
Moody, was in conference with the
president for a long time on the sub
jett at the White House. He remainec
until nearly / ] o'clock. when he left thc
White House for the railroad station
saying that he was going to New York
Mr.. Morton declined to say whether or
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
FRESH MEAT FOR SOLDIERS.
Russia Adopts the Morgan Process Of
Preserxina Meats.

st. Petersburg, June a4.-The war
office has adopted the Morgan process
OF preserving fresh meat for the army
In the field and a corps of men is be-
ing instructed in the systam ami will
be sent to Manchuria to rake ciarge of
the army slaughter hons..s.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
PAGE ONE.

PAGE ONE.
Telegraphic News:
Will Not Fight at Kai Chou.
New Tack BY the Russians.
Many Changes In Cabinet.
A Sensation at Detroit.
Floods in Kansas.
Perdicaris is Released.
Fire at the Worlds Fair.
PAGES TWO AND THREE.
Iowa News in Brief:
Damascus Steel Company Fails.
Penny Funds Great Growth.
Almost Lynching at Waverly.
New Laws for the State.
No Vote on Relocation.
Iowa Epworth Leaguers.
PAGE FOUR.
Editorial:
The Catholic Center Party.
The Nominee.
Saloon Philanthropy.
Iowa Opinions and Topics.
President Receives the NewAs
PAGE FIVE.
General News:
Miscellaneous News.
"The Blazed Trail"
PAGES SIX AND SEVEN.
City News:
Woman Receives Terrible Burns.
Probably Fatal Accident
Superior Fielding Wins.
Iowa League Results.
Rumored Central Changes July l.
Another Hot Weather Record.
Kenpkes Made Secretary.
The City Field.
PAGE EIGHT.
Iowa and Commercials:
Wheat Ruled Higher.
Board of Trade Quotations.
The Livestock Markets.
NJ. & st. L. Gets d. M. & Ft. d.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
QUINCY FIRES SECOND VICTIM.
Miss Mary WEIGH Joins Sister IN
Death-Roth Teachers.

Quincy, H.. June 24.-Miss Mary
WEIGH. who was severely burned in the
fremont Hotel fire yesterday. died last
night. For many years she had been
teacher in the public schools. Her
sister, Miss Elizabeth Welch. who was
taken from the fire dead, was principal
OF one OF the largest schools here for
nearly twenty years The sisters leave
considerable property. some Of which
lis in Hyde Park. Chicago. They had
no near relatives.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24

St. Petersburg. June "a. 4.-Foaays $
news from the theater of war indicates
that General Kuropatkin will not give
battle to the combined armies of Cen
erals Oku and Kurok near Kai Chou.
Doubt is now cast upon the impression
prevailing for several days tina. tne
bulk of the Liao Yang army had .,eens
advanced southwark, though 4 niay be
General Kuropatkin Is concentrating
his forces in the neighborhood of Hal
stated with certainty is that TIE infer
mation receive by the war Office shows
that General Kuropatkin has no inten-
kion t,f seriously contesting the Japan
ese advance on Kai Chou, which would
seem to carry with it dee,s'cn to
practically abandon the entire pei'in-
eula to the enemy and as necessary
consequence the withdrawal OF rus
sian troops from New Chwang. Ao-
cor1ing to most favorable reports Gem
eral Oku's outposts are four miles
north OF Senuchen and the Russian
outposts eight miles north of the sa1ne
place and gradually falling pack along
the line of railroad. The Japanese Will
reach Kai Chou in couple of daYs.
Kuroki's three columns have suspcna-
ed their advance pending Okus arrs.ai
at Kai Chou. They are occupying their
roads leading from Siuitel to Fsai Cnou,
Tachekia and Kaicheng. Whence they
can move forward simultaneously.
Military critics approve of Kuropat-
kin,s decision not to fight at Kai Chou.
which, they point out. is particular
lysunfavorable position and exposed.
The Japanese forces engaged in this
movement is estimated at 10000 men
and an enormous number OF guns. Ap-
parentiy two divisions have left Port
Arthur, which would account for the
practical suspension OF siege opera
tions. but which may also be due to the
reported loss Of siege train on board
the Japanese transports.
Altho much interest is manifested IN
the foreign reports of the loss of these
guns and In The reports from the same
sources OF the drowning of Command
ERIN Chief Oyama and staff, the adj
miralty has no confirmation of these
runlors.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
JULIAN RICHARDS HEREAvED.
Only Son of the Well Known Newspap
er Correspondent Dies.

Social to Times Republican.
Waterloo. June 24.s-Harold, the only
child of j. w. Richards. the we'll
known newspaper correspondent. died
last night at Trenton. n. j., aged 19
years of pneumonia, following measles.
The parents were with him at death.
The body will arrive Sunday for bur-
ial here.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
PREsERvERs WERE ROTTEN.
sIocum Disaster Inquiry Shows Nesli.
uence Of the Company.

New York, June 24.--Much of the tes-
9imony offered at the hearing relating
20 the Slocum disaster had to do with
the condition OF the life preservers, and
witnesses, almost without exception.
said they were OF little value. Many
Instances were given where the straps
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
HUGHlTT CHOSEN
Presiden nj Of the Northwestern Given
Edwin Hawley's Place on the Exec
utive Committee Of the Southern Pa

New York. June ,4-H. f. Hunt
ington has rendered his resignation as
vice president of the Southern Pa
cifc Railroad Company. AS far as IS
known, no action has yet been taken
on the matter. Marvin Hughhitt, pres
ident Of the Chicago & Northwestern,
md director of the Union Pacific rail-
road, las been chosen to succeed Ed
win HaWley whose resignation as di-
rector and member of the Southern
Pacific executive committee has just
been announced. This selection IS
Considered an important development
IN the railroad world.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
FLOODS IN KANSAS.
Four and . Half inches Of Rain Fell In
Vicinity Of Concordia.

VicInity OF VoHcOruIds
Concordia, Kan. June "a de-
structive flood is being experienced
here as the result OF a fall last night OF
four and a half inches of rain. The
principal streets are rivers and cellars
in the business portion are flooded. Ons
building collapsed today. No one was
injured. Railroad yards were flooded
and much stock drowned. The railroads
report numerous washouts. No trains
were run out Of Concordia today.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
NOT REGARDED SERIOUSLY.

Foreign Office at Berlin Pays Little
Attention to Port Au-Prince Affair.
Berlin, June 24.-The foreign office
treats the stonin3 of the German min
lister at Port t-Au Prince calmly and is
disposed to regard it as the work OF an
idle street populace.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
BULLETIN.

General Kuroki's headt.uar.eTo
In field, via tusan, June "a.
- The Russian cavalry division
commanded by General Rea,,.n-
kampff opposes the Japs ,isht
flank. The country is mountainous and
almost Impossible for eavalrS opera
tions, although it is ideal for i1fan-
try movements. hence the cavalry
forays upon which the Russians ha' e.
greatly depended to ls1rass the Japs
have proved ineffective.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
HAYTl MAKES APOLOGY.
Sends Letter to the Minister From
France Who Was Stoned by Guards.

Minister Depreze has received a let
ter from the Haytien government apol-
ogiZing for the action Of the palace
guard in stoning the minister Wednes-
e'rs' The incident is regarded here as
closed.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
SNOW IN MONTANA.

Ha. Been Falling Internationally Al
Over State Today.
Rntte. Mont, June 24.-An intermit-
tort snow storm has been raging IN
this CITY since s o'clock last night. Ths
temperature has ranged between 80
and 40 above zero. The storm appears
to be general thruout the state.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
CAPTIVES RELEASED
Consul Gummere Receives communi-
cation From Perdicaris, Who Will
Arrive at Tanaier Tonight Probably.

Washington. June 24.-Consul Gum
mere cables the state department from
Tangier today that a communication
has just been received from Perdicaris
and Varley. stating they are leaving for
Lasculy. Gummere expects them to ar
rive at Tangier tonight.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
special Grand Jury Called.

New York, June pa special grand
Jury has been summoned 10 meet next
Thursday w'th a view to secLfinS
indictments Of persons criminally re-
sponsible for the disaster 20 the
steamer General Slocum.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
Kuropatkin Evidently Does Not
Intend to Give Battle to oCcm-
bined japanese Armies
CONCENTRATING AT Hal cHENG
oku's outposts Within Five Miles of
the Russian outposts--Japs Will
Reach kai Chou in Two Days-Firins
Reported In Vicinity of Port Arthur
Russian Cavalry Attack Repulsed.
BULLETIN.

Toxic, June 24.--Four thousand
Russians attacked Al Tang Pien, nifty
miles northeast of Feng Wang Cheng
Tuesday. The Russians We're repulsed
and retreated toward Shrinking. The
Russians lost five killed and twenty
wounded. The japanese loss is not
given.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
lowan Honored at Vale.

Cambridge. Mass, June 24.--Arthur
D. F'rick. of Davenport, Iowa, read an
ode at Harvard's class day exercises
today.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
BULLETIN.

Chefoo. June a4.--Heavy firing was
heard in the direction of Port Arthur
last night and this morning.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
WAVED STARS AND STRIPES.

American Salvation Army Corps Ar
rves at London, Eng.
London, June 24.-The arrival of the
American members of the Salvation
Army at Euston station today was her
aided by the waving of hundreds Of
stars and stripes from the car windows.
and was the occasion for considerable
enthusiasm and coSmopolitanism.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
T.-R BULLETIN.
NOTICEABLE NEWS OF TODAY
The Weather.

Sun Rises June rs, 4:sO; Sets, 7:34.
Iowa-Showers and thunderstorms
tonight and Saturday; not SO warm.
Illinois-Showers and thunderstorms
tonight, with cooler in the east Satur-
day, partly cloudy.
South Dakota-Showers tonight with
cooler in the east; Saturday. partly
cloudy.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
eUL.LETIN.

Cronstadt, June 24,--The Russian
battle ship Sissoi yeiiky of the Bal
lie feet has been commissioned.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-06-24
MAKE LEGAL TEST
Miners Rally to Aid Of Colorado Min
ers' Union and Will s.ek Reversal
Of Colorado Supreme Courts Decis-


Of Colorado Supreme Courts Decis-
ion.
Butte, Mont, June 24.--It has been
decided by the Butte Miners Union 10
donate $4,000 to Colorado miners to
assist them in pressing the legal test
to be made of the Colorado supreme
court decision in upholdlng the mill
tary government in suspending ha
beas corpus and allowing President
Meyer of the Western Federation of
Miners to remain in jail without
charge against him. The right of the
governor to deport miners without
trial is also to be tested.