The St. Louis Republic., 1904-09-25

. cxtriys.an,.s sni With some re- 9
-. action. he rlaia victory - rnU- =
& ni'ipaI reform Ias teeH won all O
. along tlIc line. 9
Q The opportunities .tuJ Conditions &
. "f tn" average wosit.nS.nsu or ne >
q chanic dwelling ~ o-;r cities have 3
q beo1 completely fsvolu-iou.zc! will o
& IN th- PAST t'n ~ twenty yeer-. 9
. / hold that the problems of mu- Q
. nicipal government are defined. the y
. remedies fairly Understood and tho y
q work can uIogress with good cour- =,
. ase.-AlbeEt Shaw. Editor of the +
q American Review of Reviews Q
0<>>>%<>e><< <ee = . e q
lived under the overpow ering influence OF
startling phenomena Of nature. The
primeval forest world Of Africa the ty-
phoons and fiop'iS Of the East Indian
islands the famine and pestileuce OF In
dia. her NaEt mountains. and the i-rocious
rivers OF China. which bring destruction
TO millions every feU dccaGeS-th-ss. are
phenomena tn Ike of which tine Western
word does not know. With gs nature
is more docile and less f0rbildirc.
1T is consequently not a matter Of sur
prise that Uaturn should l.1yc boon hrst
mastered AMI understood ~ ths Western
mind II j. through thi- mastery that tie
Western peoples can impress other Es-
their superiority. ~ relieving the wy
amy which uItI-c uow exercises in tie
primitive forests a. Africa and ia plague
stricken India Western civilization ma =
become the Promotions ~ the nations
that ara Vet "a Irndsg-- The mystery o:
the forces Of rIt--e has relieved a. from
fear ami has given u ncw conception
Of life
Though We will have 10 keep these va
TioUs points oi view Constantl. III mind ia
order To avoid taking for granted matters
asWufF N.H HHHN HH.aHH
Is still In doubt. TIE considerations which
We shall here call w are chiefly political
in nature. fhry attempt to answer the
question. Given certain physical and eco
no!nic condition. and certain social forces
among the vsr.ous populations nov sub
ject to The Western nations. what results
are being almod 4. to Nila -Tient ana by
what means are they aChievabie:
We shall witness q struggle or pur-
poses and wills. and We must recognize
first Of all that there is purpose ui:. ui:.
forms of civilizations. This We cannot
simply suppress by ToIghShrl measures
and substitute FOR II. point blank and IN
dis,.rimirlr teiy uew essential purposes.
Indeed we can do no more than. b. Sr.,.u-
ally substituting and creating new social
motives. 20 foster a development. IN the
general direction of our sivilization- ~,
Am Dn. tho essential CutieS OF q civil
ICED state there l. none more iinpnrla ant
than the guarantee TO every ind'vid,i3
under its .ule of the conditions wnlch
make healthy life ucssihl@.
In the Orient and IN the tropics nature
is so much mightier and its hostile man
ifeStation= are 80 much more frequent
than they are in Europe that the iIrasi-
nation OF these peoples Is entirely dOEl.-
mated by vague dread OF tn. apparently
incontroIlablc forces around them They
feel themselves surrounded by nuinh-i ieSs
cauri.ious spirits. who are eve cool oi
mood and ready TO torture and utterly
destroy the weak mortal n the least
provocation- To give these people a snare
phenomena. and OF human mastery over
The seemingly irresistible forces is one o.
the most gracious activities or civilized
nations.
EYE STRAIN EFFECTS.
At 4 meeting of the section on cphthai-
moIo-y yesterday morning. Doctor VI.
Gould Of Philadelphia read paper on
The New ophthalmology and its rela-
tiors TO General Medicine. Biology and
Sociology" In the course Of his remarks
Doctor Gould said: "One OF the atranxess
effects Of severe eye strain l. cerebral and
mental suffering. ar dependency ending
sometimes in pessirnism and despair.
Modern pessimiSm indeed. comes large
ly from great literary gen!usss. who have
suffered terribly from eve strain. The
gloomy and atneisticai writers were .s-
pecially those who have thus suffered
from the very conditions OF their work.
while the optimistic and .ncoura gin;
were generally those writer's who are Tree
from eye strlin and It's consequences"
Doctor Gould said ia part:
The new ophthalmolUsy" considers
only those diseases OF the general Sysie IN
which have their startin=-pOint in the eye.
Tie '-old ophthalmolCgy was. and still
remains. interested only in the diseases OF
the eye alone The new ophthalmolocy
the ametropia. which causes eye-strain.
and with its systemic results. The old
Is only interested in the infiammatcry and
surgical disease OF she eye itself. But these
:nfiamrnatory and surgical diseases Of the
eye are. for the most part. caused by
e!e-strain. so that spectacies preventing
diseases OF the eyes. as biepharitis. con-
JuHctivitis. Strabismus. myopia. glaucoma.
cataract and retinitis-
Eve strain l. also often the cause Cf
many diseases Cf the general system.
such as headache. migraine nr sick head
ache. nervousness. Insomnia. dyspepsia
and other diseases Of digestion and nutri-
ton \ great surgeon contends that some
abdoI'iinal diseases. appendicitis. for eX-
ample. is frequently due TO an Intestinal
fermentation. which IS or may be de-
instance cited OF these effects of eye
strain * that a peculiar as;igmatism of
the eyes often causes children to hold
the head 20 one side. and this IL long
continued results In spinal curvature. Rut
most of the glasses worn cannot cure O.
prevent the evil results of eye strain. be-
cause tney nave NOT teen prescribed hN :.
physician especially or sufficiently skilled
in such work
The relation of eye strain to biology or
to Darwinism consists chiefly In the fact
that the higher organism. and especially
man. could not succeed In the struggle :or
existence except upon the condition of
perfect vision. All activity Of the higher
mammals depends upon emmetrori1 or
perfect vision. and an eyebal varying
from the normal by rs little as on.
three-hundredths OF an inch units the or
EaniSm for competing with Others which
have more perfect eyeb1lls and hence
more perfect vision.
This iriperfectiOn has been ono Of the
great evolutionary factors in excluding
the unfit: IL makes clear one important
mechanism Of the exclusion OF the unnt
overlooked BY Darwin and all later ovo-
lutionists. The tremendous increase of
-'near-work.' that Is. Of work with the
eyes within reading ard writing distances.
caused by civilization. gives the eyes
vastly increased labor WITH an organ ere
ated and evolved only for sharp distant
vision In this way eye-stfiln IS far more
frequent and intense than formerly. ana
unless neutraliz.i by scientific spectacieS-
irnnt factor in handicapp.rG the owner
or in rendering him Incapable OF compet-
ing with thOs" vh0 nave more periect
e, IS and less sye strain Thus eye strain
has an increased, SOcio.ogic rot. Win every
advance in the progress OF ciVilization-
FOREIGN MARKETS.
Professor Carl {. Piehn. Gean Of the
College Of Commerce OF ihe University
nj California. declared. in his address on
foreign markets. that one Of the principal
object. of Mr. Chamberlain's proposed
new fiscal policy in Great Britain. is to
draw the colonies nearrT the mother
country. and strengthen the Empir. iof
imperial defense.
MENACE To AMERICAN TRADE.