Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1904-12-15

| lows. who With them make up the body pot
tic. There are many captains OF Industry
The Department OF Agriculture has grown
| into an educational Institution with fac
ulty OF 1000 specialists making research into
all the sciences OF production, The CONGRESS
/ appropriateS, directly and Indirectly, 50 COO.
/ 600 annually 20 carry
| Agriculture. on this work. II
reaches every state
and territory In the Union and the islands
/ OF the sea lately come under our hag, Coz
| operation iS had with the state experiment
| stations and with many other Institutions
and individuals, The world Il carefully
| searched for new varieties ot grains fruits,
( grasses, vegetables, trees and shruhs suit
/ able to various localities In our country
and marked henent TO eur producers has re-
suited.
The activities Of our axe In lines Of re-
| and inspired them with ambition 10 know
| more of the principles that govern the forces
| OF Nature with which they have 20 deal
Nearly half OF the people OF this country
| devote their energies TO growing things from
the soil Until a recent date little has been
! done 60 prepare these millions for their life
work. In most lines OF human activity coll
| lege-trained men are the leaders. The
farmer had no opportunity for special train
| Ing until the Cengcss made provision for "a
10 years ago. During these years progress
| has been made and teachers have been pre-.
pared over 5000 students are In attendance
| at our State Agricultural colleges The Fed.
eral Government expends $40. .000,0 900 Annu-
ally toward this education and for research
In Washington and In the several states and
/ territories, The Department OF Agriculture
has given facilities for postgraduate work
to 500 young men during the last seven
years. preparing them for advanced lines
OF work In the department and In the state
Institutions
We sell abroad about SaOO. OO0. 600 worth OF
plants and their products every year. SIREN
uous Efforts are being made 10 import from
foreign countries such gains as are suitable
to our varying localities Seven years ago
we bought three-fourths OF our rice; by help
ing the ricegrowers on the Gulf coast to Sc
cure seeds from the Orient suited to their
conditions, and by giving them adequate
protection, they now supply home demand
and export TO the Islands OF the Caribbean
Sea and TO other riee-growing countries.
Wheat and other grains have been import
ed from light-rainfalt countries to our lands
In the West and Southwest that have not
grown crops because OF light precipitation,
resulting in an extensive addition 10 our
cropping area and our home making terri
tory that can not be irrigated. Ten million
bushels OF irst-elass macaront wheat were
grown from these experimental tmpOrtatons
last year. Fruits suitable 10 our soils and
climates are being imported from all the
countries OF the Old world-the hg from
Turkey, the almond from Spain. the date
from Algeria, the mango from India. We
are helping our fruitgrowers to get their
crops tnto European markets by studying
methods OF preservation through retrigerR-
lon, packing and handling, which have been
quite successful. We are helping our hop
growers by important varieties that ripen
earlier and later than the kinds they have
been raising. thereby lengthening the har-
vesting season. The cotton crop Of the
country is threatened with root rot, the boil
worm, and the boil weevtl Our pathologists
will find immune varieties that viii resist
the root disease. and the bollworm can be
dealt with. but the boil weevil Is serious
menace to the cotton crop. II Is Central
American insect that has become accllmated
in Texas and has done great damage. A
scientist OF the Department OF Agriculture
has found the wsevil at home in Guatemala
being kept In check by an ant, which has
been brought to our cotton fields for OBJ
servation. 1t Is hoped that It may serve a
good purpose.
The insect friends and enmies OF the farm
er are getting attention. The enemy Of the
San Jose scale was found near the Great
Wall Of China, and is now cleaning up all
our orchards. The lg-fertillzing insect Inn
ported from Turkey has helped to establish
an industry In California that amounts 70
from so to 100 tons Of dried figs annually,
and is extending over the Pacific Coast. A
parasitic fly from South Africa Is keeping
in subsection the black scale. the worst pest
OF the orange and lemon industry in Cali
fornla
During the "a years that have elapsed
since the passage OF the reclamation act
rapid progress has been made in the sur
veys and examinations Of the opportunities
Tor reclamation In the f3 states and three
territories OF the arid West Construction
has already been be-
Irrigation. gun on the largest and
most important of the
irrigation works, and plans are being COM
pleted for works which will utilize the funds
now available. The operations are being
carried on by the Reclamation Service. a
corps OF engineers selected through competi-
tive civil-service examinations This corps
tucludPg pNuarfenrad nd
structing engineers as well as various ex-
perts in mechanical and legal matters. and
Is composed largely OF men who have spent
most OF their lives in practical affairs con-
lected with irrigation. The larger problems
have been solved. and IT now remains to
execute with care. economy. and thorough
ness the work which has been laid out All
Important details are being carefully con-
sidered by boards Of consulting engineers,
selected for their thorough knowledge and
practical experience Each project is taken
up on the ground by competent men and
viewed from the standpoint of the creation
OF prosperous homes, and OF promptly refund
ing to the Treasury the cost OF construction.
The reclamation act has been found to be
remarkably complete and effective. and so
broad in its provisions that wide range Of
undertakings has been possible under It. At
the same time. economy is guaranteed by
the fact that funds must ultimately be re-
turned to be used over again.
1t is the cardinal principle Of the forest
AOSSANS ROllSJ VI tHls ADMINISTRATOR tnhL
the reserves are for
Forests. use Whatever inter-
feres with the use of
their resources is to be avoided by every
possible means. But these resources must
be used in such a way as to make them
permanent.
The forest policy Of the Government is
just now subject OF vivid public Interest
throughout the West and to the people OF
the United States in general. The forest re-
serves themselves are of extreme value to
the present as well to the future welfare
Of all the Western public-land states. They
powerfully affect the and disposal OF
the public lands They are Of special i'm
portance because they preserve the water
supply and the supply of timber for domestic
purposes and so promote settlement under
the reclamation act. Indeed. they are es-
sential to the welfare of every one Of the
great interest of the West.
Forest reserves are created for two prin-
cipal purposes. The first is to preserve the
water supply This is their most important
use. The principal users Of the water thus
preserved are irrigation ranchers and set
tiers, cities and towns to whom their mu-
nicipal water supplies are Of the very first
Importance, users and furnishers OF water
power, and the users of water for domestic
manufacturing mining and other nur,,osas