davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24
The New York subway cost as,ooo..

The New York subway cost $35, 000.-
900 to build. The company that is
back of the Chicass subway has $50
000. 900 to put into the project. 1t
takes over a company that has already
expended over 100000, 900 in building
more than 40 miles Of tunnels for
freight traffic that are 40 feet below
the city streets, leaving plenty OF
room between that and the surface for
the street car tunnels that are TO come
later.
Entirely different construction
methods are necessary in Chicago
from those employed in New York.
The subway Of the latter city was cut
through solid granite. Chicago. on
the other hand. is builded upon a
marsh. with bedrock from so to 60
feet below the street surface. The
construction of a subway here means
first a solution OF the engineering
problem of providing for the safety
of the great buildings that line the
streets under which it must pass.
With that problem solved. the actual
construction of the tunnels will be a
much easier matter than it was In
New York. But the first problem is
not an easy one to solve.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

acter, we quote from Fergusson's "His
tory OF the Modern Styles OF Archi-
tecture:" IN Belgium ii Is French
taste that is conspicuous; but the
most notable specimen of the building
art which has been produced, the truly
magnificent Palais dc Justice al Brus-
sells, If it were the design of a French
man, would certainly entitle him to DO
called the representative of a very adj
yanced and original school. The SUI
preme majesty of the e~difice-aided
immensely by the majesty of the sit
uation- strikes the beholder with the
greatest force, and the bo,dncss Of
the grouping and the play Of masses
appear to carry his mird quite beyond
the considerations Of criticism, but.
nevertheless, when the design comes
TO be architecturally examined, there
is no doubt that, if it still pleases the
eye, il fails in certain particular points
TO satisfy the intellect. The impress
iyeness Of the composition depends
largely upon the Introduction Of GER
tain inordinatcly massive features, cas-
liz recognizable, whose omission. or
reduction 10 the prevailing style of de-
sign. would probably diminish the
grandiose effect considerably. In fact,
there are several scales in the cOmpo.
sition, which it is more than difficult
to attempt 10 reconcile; and there are
few better effects to be found for the
student chan that which would be fur.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

pansion. He started the modern Rus
STA on her career and established ths
autocracy which after centuries Is only
beginning to feel the impulses Of the
common people for share and voice in
the government. In Peter the Great We
have the rare spectacle of a nation being
formed by the work Of one man within
the period Of 43 years. He was not
afraid Of hard work himself and learned
the trade Of shlpbuilding in Holland
He transformed the customs, habits and
costumes Of the Slays. lie opened up
schools and colleges, and the mobiles and
burghers We're encouraged to educate
themselves. He a|meli0rated the con.
dition OF the serls without abOiiShing
slavery.
Such were the great reforms which
Peter established. and in Catherine H.,
who came to the throne. or rather, who
seized the throne 81 years after Peter
had passed off the stage Of life, he had
a worthy successor. Not only did she
continue his work Of conquest adding
territory to the west and south to the
Russian domain, but she also was active
in bringing about reform within the
nation. She %reorganizei justice and
education. that is for the higher classes.
She collected about her the most emil
merit French philosophers, and French
literature became the model which Rus
sian writer's endeayored to copy, and
with her reign begins a Russian litera-
lure. But the condition of the serfs was
not relieved, They were still fast bound
in slavery, and the civilization which
was so marked wa Of a merely fictitious
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24
HAND MADE LAcES OF INDIA
Hindoo Weaver May Be Illiterate and
Ignorant, But His Work
Is Exquisite.

The hand-woven, hand-dyed and
hand-embroidered laces of India are a
revelation of decorative possibilities
dear to the heart Of the artist. The
Hindoo weaver may be illiterate and
stupid to everything else, but in the
matter OF lace-making he is an expert,
whose work is not to be successfully inn
itated by any machine-made textile. At
the worlds fair, says the Detroit News
Tribune, there are now being shown
examples OF this work that are simply
marvellous. A writer, who has been care
fully viewing these laces in all their SUBJ
tie coloring, says that ''the eye OF the
trained critics finds an individuality and
a soft blending of colors and weird de-
signs in the hand-wrought fabrics which
no machinery can duplicate.
"The Indian weaver and dyer lives
where human life and labor are most
superintendent and cheap, and time al
most valueless. He is an illiterate man;
and all Of the rules Of his art. all the
minutiae of his wool, all the Sc
crets of his dye pots, all The
formulate for his fabrics and de-
signs, arc oral traditions mem
rl2ed and repeated in a monoto-
nous sing-song as he performs the pro-
scribed manipulations in his slow, care
full and absorbed amer. You would
think him performing some mystical re-
Iigious rite as you hear him singing his
directions to himself while preparing
his various dyes, or twisting around his
cloth the. knots and wreaths OF thread
that are to shield il in spots from the
dye and produce the wonderful pattern
Of his dream after a succession of plunges
in the different colors.
"The beautiful lace dye is made OF
myriads Of minute insects and never
fades. The printing of silks and cottons
by means of hand blocks is another In
dian industry, producing prints %artisti-
cally superior to any machine printing.
While the men do this exquisite weay-
ing and cOlOring. the elaborate and
much-admired emDroideries Of India are
the work of women. The designs and
stitches are handed down as a precious
heritage from mother to daughter, and
the expert can easily tell where each
product halls from.
This is especially the case with re-
spect to the Phulcari patterns, which
form part of the bridal outfit and dowry
of the Hindoo woman. The silken petit
coats of the Rajputs are often used in
decorative arrangements. The metal
wrought wooden fabrics shown are used
as table spreads or saddle covers, and
the refined gold used in them is unfair
nishable. The subdued and blended col.
oring Of these textiles makes them in
valuable for harmonizing stronger tints
in decoration"
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

master solve the "vexed" problem OF
what TO do for the homeless dogs.
while they give their attention to ex-
listing evils that create diseases, and
especially the evils existing in the
tenement districts,
There is ample room in Chicago for
such a crusade. The city is not so
much in need of laws as it is in need
of law enforcement, Dirt is the foun-
dation of disease, and while the bust
ness interests of the city are making
an effort to secure that cleanliness that
is next to godliness in the business
district. the tenement sections are en-
tirely forgotten.
There is a law in the city that
makes it a misdemeanOr 10 throw dirt
into the streets. 1t is not enforced.
The streets of the tenement districts
are the dumping grounds for all sorts
of refuse, and the excuse given Is that
"it is a convenience for the poor peo-
pie Of those districts
There is a law in the city against
smoking chimneys. It is not enforced.
Two-thirds of the factory chimneys OF
the city pour out a constant stream of
black smoke and scot that must be
breathed into the lungs of the people,
and yet the people are called upon to
pay salaries 10 a force Of smoke in
spectors.
Dust is a breeder of consumption,
and every wind that blows in the city
sends clouds Of this germ-fruited
scourge into the faces CT the thoI-
sands Of pedestrians on the city
streets. The health crusade may be a
fad, but it is a worthy one.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24
Preventing Water Pollution.

After we have once sterilized a
typhoid-infected reservoir, how can we
prevent the water from being invaded
by more germs coming down the stream
whence the first came? is the nat
ural question Of the reader. We
might repeat our dose every few
hours, or, better yet, we might sus-
pend large sheets of copper at the in
take of the reservoir. The toxic ac-
ton of the copper sheets would be
strong enough to prevent any live
typhoid germs from getting it, OF
course the sheets would have to be kept
clean; any Shiny coating ON their sur
face would interfere with the toxic ac-
ton Of the metal,-Century.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24
GRAND STAIRCASE or THE PALACE OF JUSTICE AT BRUSSELS.

fury, and is considered one of the most
remarkable and beautiful Of modern
buildings. The area occupied by the
building is 10000 square feet, con
siderably greater than that of ST,
Peters, at Rome, The estimated cost
was 1900, 900 francs, but the final
cost amounted TO 50,C00,000 francs
($10,0 600, 000). Owing to the Unequal.
tics Of the site, the difficulties of build
ing added greatly to the expense Of the
work.
The occasion of the opening of the
magnificent palace Of justice was a fit-
ting one-the jubilee of Belgium's e2-
istence as q separate kingdom. The old
Palais dc Justice was an unattractive
pile. formerly q Jesuit monastery, and
IN the new edifice Belgium displays the
pride and ambition Of the nation. sug-
resting that there still exists the ideal
Of grandeur and glory that in the old
days were an |lnseparable part Of the
land. The architects design was an
avcwedly ambitious one, and the large
milo is reminiscent Of the massive
structures Of ancient Egypt and AS
syria. The architectural scheme IS de-
scribed as pyramidal, each successive
section diminishing in bulk, The main
body of the building is crowded with
n rectangular structure surrounded
with columns, which supports a ro'
tunla, likewise encircled with columns;
and topping all is a dome, compare
lively small, bearing aloft a silded
cross. The cross is 400 feet from the
pavement.
The rolunul IS ornamented with
colossal figures of Justice, Law
Strength ard Clemency, Colossal
statues of Demosthenes, Lycurgus,
Cicero and Domitius Ulpian embellish
lhe flight &C steps leading to the YES
tibule. In the waiting-room, or Sale
dos Pas Perdus, one is impressed anew
with the size, bigness; it is sitn-
atcl under the dome, which has an in
terror height Of $50 feet.
In ADDITION to the central hall, the
palace contains 27 large and 2f5 small
or rooms, and there are eight court-
yards. The library and several Of the
lesser rooms arc fitted up with mucA
s%pIendor. some of them being lined
with marble and furnished with ebony
chairs.
It is said that whole quarters Of the
town were leyeled with the ground, to
find space and an appropriate terrace
for the temple Of Justice; and the
writer who makes this statement re-
marks that in the new courts there Is
room for the robbers and murdereTs OF
a whole quarter OF a century.
There is a diversity Of opinion IN
regard to the palace Of justice as a
work Of art. To give an architects
estimate o. the edifce, and tc present
81 larg of r. grand epa antique char
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

OF notoriety, bgt there is growing up
in the city a SORT of second ard third
generation class, whose ambition is
to find a method of dispensing The for
tunes left them b. Industrious ances-
tors. whose industry builded Chicago
along with their personal fortunes.
Chicago society of the past has not
been given greatly to fads. In fact,
when Chicago society looked 10 such
women as Mrs. p. ID. Armour, or Mrs.
George NJ. Pullman, as its leaders, II
was a society in which ostentatlon fig
ured not ut ell. Now a younger ele-
ment is coming irto control, and the
friyolities of the east are being i'm
ported and copied. This new element
has not yet been guilty of a monkey
dinner but such things will come.
The latest social fad Of the city Is
the belriending of homeless cats and
dogs. It is a fad the Humane society
will undoubtedly approve of, but that
the patronesses of the new charity"
are more interested in what amount of
space the newspapers will give to it
than in the number OF cats AID dogs
saved, goes without saying.
Mrs. William r. Linn Is one Of the
younger lights in the city's 400 but
one of its leaders, and it is 10 her mi
tiative the friendless animals owe
,aeir good fortune. She started The
fad by endowing ten cages in 4 local
veterinary hospital. and others, anX-
lous to court favor with the popular
society leader, have quickly followed
her example. One society woman, in
speaking Of the charity" referred
feelingly to the large numbers of poor
little dogs and cats that would be
saved from starvation, and added that
it was the finest thing society could
do.
1t is the practical middle classes
who are working to save the friend
less children of the streets, though
they are aided in their efforts by the
society leaders of the past-women
with both brains and money,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

surface character, brilliant outwardly,
but with no roots in the nation.
Thus it Is seen that reforms which
were instituted did not reach down to
the lower levels Of life, the serfs, the
slaves of the country, were left out Of
the reckoning. 1t remained for Alex
ander II, to extend to them relief and
make his reign illu2trious by their
emancipation. After the disasters OF
the Crimean war he sought to develop
the internal prosperity Of Russia, and
the abolition Of slavery was a step in
this direction. For several years he
was preparing for this radical step, for
classes were opposed to reform, wishing
to retain their hold on the common pco.
pie, and the emancipation was not ef-
iected until many difficulties had been
overcome. The decree was promulgated
in 1861, Among the other reforms in
stituted during Alexander were the Sc
curing of publicity Of trials, and inter-
|yention of a jury in criminal Eases, and
the aboli hing Of corporal Punishment
in the army. The press was also given
some semb!ance Of liberty and GeyeI-
opcd repidly,
And it he's remained for the present
ear, Nicholas H., the grandson Of Alex
anGcr H., to continue these / forms, In
1903 a decree was issued providing for
the freedom of religion throughout tho
empire, establishment Of some degree
OF local self-government, ana abolish
ing forced labor, and the extensive re-
forms which were announced ut the time
of the christening of the heir born IL
August of this year are Of slch recent
date to hardly need mentioning. These
included general amnesty IT, the case
Of all political offenders, the abolish
ment Of corporal punishment among
rural classes, so that Russia can no lon
ger be called the land of the knout, the
renting Of arrears owing to the state
for land purchases, general amnesty to
FiElanders who had emigrated without
authorization. and the setting apart
Of ST, 900, 600 from the state funds for
the benefit Of landless people Of Fin
land.
These successive reforms since the
emancipation Of the serfs in 1861 have
awakened in the lower classes a desire
for greater rights and liberties, and the
fact that the zemstyos were permitted to
meet and present an appeal shows the
disposition of the government to deal
generously with such movements. What
acts will follow the procurement of
the z%emstvoists it is impossible to say.
but it may take the form of sUmmoning
an elective body to act in a consultative
capacity to the sovereign. Surely it is
true that,
EVERY bondman in his own hand bears %
the power TO canoe! his captivity
and it is certain that the Russia of tho
will be the land OF a freer and
more enlightened people.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24
BUSY LAKE SEASON ENDS.
More Traffic This Year on 4reat
Bodies Of Water Than
Ever Before.

The great lakes are about to seq
the close of one Of the busiest seasons
they have " known said a lake
captain in the Washington Post. "A
large number OF immense new vessels
were added to the carrying fleets this
year, but the increase in capacity was
not sufficient to meet TIT increased de-
mand, No vessel. no matter OF what
class, ever had to be without a cargo.
One of the big steel vessels of to-day
carries as much as 20 or 80 vessels of
the type in use a few years ago, and
they make their trips in about one
fourth or ope-ffth the time. Why, =.
we had 10 depend on the old-timers
the great lakes would have to have
moro sbips, numerically, thar there
are On ell tho sess lp The world"
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

nished by the problem how to bring all
the features of this remarkable design
into harmony Of scale without de.
tracing too much from its pecul-
lar effect of picturesque and pi-
quaint, ard almost aggressive, grand
eur. OF course, it wCuld be easy
enough to reduce the whole compost
ton to ono or another form of classic
simplicity, but there is something here
quite averse to all simplicity which
constitutes the leading motive Of the
artist. On the whole, this edifce may
perhaps be described as the dream Of
r scene painter Unexpectedly realized;
in which magnifcence must be accept
ed in lieurf taste ard the vague admira.
ton of the multitude for the analysis
Of the critic"
Grant Allen dismisses this great
structure with a few words; THE end
CT the street is blocked by the gigantic
and massive facade of the new PalaiS de
Justice, n CT the hugect buildings Of
our period, imposing by its mere colossal
size, and its almost Egyptian stolidit.y,
but not archltec.urally pleasing"
That the palace has been chosen as
model for the Peace palace to be built
from Mr.. Carnegie's overflow Of mil
lions would indicate that Mr.. Aliens
judgment was a mere or less personal
one. For the selection of a suitable
design for the projected arbitration
building, there have been held con
ferences Of architects and leading al-
thCrities en- art, and their judgment
has been given in favor Of 4 reduced
copy OF the Brussels Palais de Justice.
Brussels, as we remarked above, Is
q city vitally awake TO the influences
of beauty. and in both its works Of
arr and natural beauty It has much to
be proud of. Contrary to cities in gen.
eral. it has about it little suggestion Of
unwholesome town life-there is such
generosity Of boulevard extent, so
much foliage and freshness. In the
center tl me loNh 10 q plNdSdnl ii'lie
park, and the suburbs arc within easy
reach Of all. There arc numerous mu-
seams aud works Of art, and the town
presents al unusual combination Of old
historic associations side by side with
evidences of intensely modern prcgres-
s~lvtncSs. Luxury and taste are X
ticeable in The shops, wealth aud a1orn-
ment have much part in the life OF he
city. CHRISTOPHER WEBSTER,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

go ne reace palace az Inc
GN4sN fidsue' Is 10 De punt on a
8N~lb nlalier scale on Inc plan
Il R%N oi inc brussels Iaiace CT
NE}Ng justice Inc falace OF JUS
Is ,iee' famed Tor It's noble
beauty IS a structure OF
'~omPdra'iVeiy recent building, and was
formally opened April, 1855.
Inc subject OF municipal art Is n
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

present appeal, which has just been
made, and the unrest which prevails
under the present form Of absolute mon
archy may not produce immediate
reformation, it indicates the trend Of
things and is a sure sign in the political
heavens of the changes which must
come sooner or later in that great slav
empire. In fact, 1t Is better that it
should take years TO realize these hopes
Of constitutional liberty, for it is qucs-
tionable whether the people are quail
fed for judicious and intelligent par
ticipation in the affairs CT government.
In the words of NJ. Souvorin, the veteran
editor CT the Noyoe Vremya, "Ameri-
cans cannot realize the difficulty, even
LANCER, Of suddenly introducing institu-
lions into our country. Even our states
men are not versed in the arts of gov
eminent. The fact Is, We have not had
he opportunity to learn the art of gov
emmett. All this sufficiently indicates
the necessity for greatest caution in in
PRODUCING the representative system and
The great danger in adopting an ill-dl-
gested western constitution wholesale. "
The zemestvo is a Russian institution
Of recent years and marks the develop
ment and tendency towards greater
political liberties. II IS a local elective
assembly which has the regulation ana
oversight CT affairs with in lis district
The late NJ. Won Plehvc, minister of the
interior, introduced into the law OF l9O2
acts enabling the admission OF CONSUL
tive members to the council OF law, but
these have remained a dead letter owing
TO the opposition Of the bureaucrats OF
the empire. Students of Russian gov
srnment believe that Won PlehVe would
gradually have extended the zemstVo
system and have introduced other re-
forms of a liberal tendency, in fact NJ,
White declared that Won Plehve would
bring Russia TO a constitution, But
Won Plehve spoiled everything and in
vited the untimely and violent end 10
his career by preceding the intended re-
'orms with a policy of repression.
The history OF the development OF
the Russian empire and the reforms
which have slowly and laboriously made
their way, offers some interesting sub
ieets for consideration. When one con
siders the incongruous and divergent
peoples and vast stretches Of country
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

where the light first shined; next in
France, and then in the other govern
ments of Europe. 1t was in England
that the first blow at absolute monarchy
was struck when the barons OF the
realm wrested from King John the
declaration Of rights which came to be
known as the Magma Charta. The next
decided step in this direction was taken
in 1910 when the long parliament
triumphed over the king, and Cromwell,
after many victories in the field. con-
trolled parliament in the interests Of
the people and condemned the king.
The execution Of Charles |. in 1919
caused profound dismay in monarchial
Europe, but it struck the first note of
real freedom for the people, the sound
Of which has not ceased to carry It's
message TO one nation after another I'M
til to-day We find the Russian. peasantry
awakening TO its first faint notes and
listening ~intently for the fuller strains
that shall break over The ears domin-
ions when constitutional liberties shall
have been wrested from the emperor
and the bu~reaucrats.
The appeal Of the 2emstyoists for a
change in the form Of the government
which will recognize the rights Of the
common people to representation indi-
Gates the drift of affairs. While the
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24

bility of the schemes early maturity.
but the first effects in this city viii
be far different from the first effects
in New York, for the purpose OF the
%originators of the Chicago scheme IS
first, net to take tho people of the
streets, but to make room on the
streets for the people.
Eventually Chicago street cars Will
go under ground, but before they dis
appear the freigLt situation will be
cared for, aud, in fact, the system for
handling the freight traffic of The city
Is practically complete now, and the
new subway company recently orgaa-
ICED in the cast comes into possession
Of 4 tunnel system, longer than New
Works subway, that is ready loy op-
eralqa,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1904-12-24
A Bathhouss Mistake.

Around Stockholm there are manv
suburban resorts where sea bathing Is
INDUCED in when the weather is warm
enough. At one of these resorts a vis-
itor observed a large s~ignboard at a
gateway, reading Dam Bad Haus."
This notice gave him quite a shock, UNI
til he found 1t meant, Ladies Bath
House. st. James's Gazette.