davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30
THE CHARTER OF INCoRPoRA-
TON OF THE FRIENDLY HOME
BENEVOLENT ASSOCfATlONys

Na
State Of Mississippi, Hancock County.
The undersieSe1. desirine 10 sv.,,
ourselves ofthe provisions OF Chanter 2s
o. me Oode OF mississippi Of 1892, and
dcsinng e scquire and enjoy the rights
anu privileges therein granted, form
ourselves into 2 corporation, with such
others 81 may become members for the
OBJECTS and purposes. to-wit;
( ARTIcfB I.
The name Of this corporation sh.,, he
me Friendly Homo BesAyolent Associa.
its domicile shell be In the tovn ofWave-
'ane, Mississippi; tia sbtects shali be 70
unite the bonds OF fsicnfship, ,tosncourape
mutual and social intercourse. 10 give
attention TO the sick members. to pro-
vide tor their burial,
AnTfCLz II.
This corporation shall have mower and
authority TO have and enjoy succession
Tor period of twenty Ave years: 10 con.
tract, aue and he sued, 10 hold. receive.
purchase, sell, mortgage and lease pro.
perty under It's corporate name, 10 make
constitution rule and by laws. And to
collect and loyY tax upon ite msmhers.
and 90 and perform Anythius nccfful Tor
-
with the existiAg Awa.
ARTICLE fu,
The ofdoers OF the. association shall be
> President. Woe President, Secretary
ana Treasurer, and such other officers as
the corporation shall deem necessary.
They shall hold their election for tie
slcction OF all oficers on First Tuesday
~ February: 1904, and annually there
.tituts the ofRcsFs of Said corporation:
James Baker. President, Eliska Jones.
Vice. President; Geo. Tillmann, Score
Eary; Victoria Antoine. Treasurer, and
shali hold ofaea until said regular cleo
Witness oar signature this 2ist day Of
December, 1908.
JAMES BAKER,
WILLIS WASHINGTON,
VICTORIA ANTOINE,
ELIZA JONES
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

proud Of the magnificent capitol build
ing just completed and turned over TO
the State. 1t is one Of the best in the
South and was not secured before II was
needed.
Few OF our people realize the wonder
ful resources Of their State. The proper
publicity has not been given heretofore,
but there is a promise Of better things
for the future. Let every man, woman
and child in the State talk and work
for Mississippi,
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30
JOHN SHARP WILLIAMS
REPUDIATES FREE SILVER.
Democratic Leader 10 tire House AZ
mlnIstsrs = Severe BLOW to Brysa.
Ism--spoke Emphntscaiiy snd wish
DramatIc Force.

washington, Jan. 18.--John Sharr
Williams, the Democratic leader of thu
House. today publicly rcpudiassd the II
70 theory, and cmphatically declared
that the whole silver question should be
relegated to obscurity. He disclaimet
all intention that he expressed only Nj,
Individual opinion, but he sxpressed ii u
Iyigorously, 90 earnestly and 10 eloquen.
tly that the applause elisited BY his.de-
claration came chiefly iroris the Rspub
can side Of the chamber.
MIR. Williams' colleagues Of the mino.
rity were literally dnmsoundsd at his
fearless reputation Of .Bryanism. and
they hesitsted 70 Join the majority in ia
denomination Of ofapproval. Their lead.
or had mefcilessly assaulted Mr. Bryan,
net idea, this, too, when the forme,
I" peerless leader, " after administer-
ing sound scolding 10 his Party, had
arrogated 70 himself the training Of the
Democratic platform and the naming Of
the nominee. Whila the Democrats oi
the House admired Nar wiliiams' cour.
age. they, feared that his rslegation Of
silver would provoke another srun.,.o,
from MIR. Bryan and they though. Il bes,
to remain under cover,
Itall came shoat when Repres entatiy,
Boutelle, Of Illinois. intsrrupting sht
Democratic leader, asked;
"Does tho gentleman still believe IN
silver at 10 to 10 f7's
When Mr.. Wilhanseaidt That he would
answer that question no ham Of whis-
pered conversation ocaasd. momber.
gathered nearer the speaker and ears
.Tere strained to catch she sspiy. Il came
with dramatic force and dtrecsness, en-
phasiz"s. and driyen homo ty The argu-
ments he advanced, He declared that
lime, conditions and environment should
determine the platform Of the Dsmocra-
ic Party. and, while ne could not pre-
lics what that platform would contain.
ne hoped that silver would hare no part
in II. Mr.. Williams stated that he did
not question the right cf bis forefathers
70 secede. but that IN MAS not such q
fool - 70 advance scceseion at this par.s
SECULAR time, entitled V burial AZ the
other.
Representative Williams effort was ip
reply TO speech Of Mr.. Boutells, in
which the latter told the story Of the
unprecedented prosperity OF the South
in the last year, and backed up his state
nents with quotations from eading
Southern newspapers.
Mr.. Boutelle's eloquent and sympathe4
ic reference to the soldiers Of the South
irew forth storms Of applause from both
sides Of the chamber, an he was warm
ly congratulated when he took his seat.
When Mr.. Boutelle had finished, Mr..
Williams crossed over and shook hands
with him, Mr.. BoutelIe returning the
compliment when Mr. Williams closed
his speech.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30
MRS. ANNIE C. KETCHAM DEAD.
------x-s
She Was the AIthor Of "The Bonnie
Biue Flag"

Mrs. Annie Chambers HetchAm author
Of the "Bonnie Blue Fiag,"a famous
war song OF the Confederacy, as well az
ofmany other poems and prize writings,
lied Wednesday at ST. vincent's Hos
pital, New York, after less than weeks
illness, in her eightieth year.
Mrs. Ketcham wrote 'The Bonnie
Blue Flag" In Memphis, Tenn. in 1853,
about the time Of the battle OF Shiloh,
whom adiutant Of the Thirty ninth Tom
aessee, received wound which later re-
suited in his death, "a Battle Call" q
song contemporaneous with, "The Bon
ME Blue Fhg,' was also written in
Memphis at this time and was another
tavorite among tho soldiers Of the Con.
federaoy. When Memphis was occupied
BY the federal tFonpss Mras Koschsrss re-
fused 70 take the ''iron Glad" oath Of al
legiance and was banished trsm ths city
blythe. .militarY. autAesisss, She returned
to New York IRON Rome about veal
ago and at the time she was se.xed b.
her final Illness she was preparing .
book on her Afe-long friend, the actres,
Charlotte Cushman.
Mra, Ketoham oams Of long line o.
distinguished Virginia and Kentuck,
ancestors. Her nearest surviving rela.
tives are her daughters. Mrs. M. w. Har
and three grandchildren Of louisville
Ky, and her only nephew, Rev. DIR. B
Stqart Chambers, Of New York.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

During the construction of the new
East River bridge in New York, tweH-
ty- six person lost their lives working in
the caisons, where the atmosphere pres-
sure was IS pounds to the square inch.
Yet there Is no lack Of worlmen.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30
w EEDS

Consumption is a human
weed fourishing best In weak
ungs. Like other weeds it's
,asily destroyed while young !;
when old, sometimes inn
possible.
Strengthen the lungs as you
would weak land and the
weeds will disappear.
The best lung fertilizer is
Scott's Emulsion. Salt pork
is good too, but it is very hard
TO digest.
The time to treat consump.
ton is when you begin trying
to hide it from yourself.
Others see it, you won't.
Don't wait until you can't
deceive yourself any longer.
Begin with the first thought
to take SCOTS Emulsion, II
it isn't really consumption SO
much the better; you will soon
forget it and be better for the
treatment. If it is consump-
ton you can't expect to be
cured at once, but if you will
begin in time and will be
rigidly regular in your treat:
ment you will win.
SCOTS Emulsion, fresh air
rest all you can, eat all you
can, that's the treatment and
that's the best treatment.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30
INSURANCE Statistics.

rsnce Commissioner Cole has es-
Ec1T0V the bllsiness Of the various insu-
epnpanles doing business in the
: sun Al rs... and dnds from reports received
.sl... ..a : Z I! r the companies have done o
|,s.T r' ssr~IsI dizs8 BUSINESS and made handsome
Nv ssassf o,It of their Mississippi business
- susosssfsa ~. ~ ~ ~ -. 81
aot aad moua <-<AA 1AS P"es year IN
salnal. - q wAs only t21s per cent. of the
premiulns. This moderate loss ra-
|. A D.l Fes i Hide margin for taxes and ex-
|Ou Dl!I aad netprohss
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

Bryan Is insisting upon the reitera.
Jon Of the Kansas City platform and
from his recent utterances one would
infer he was the Democratic party. Bry-
an and his pet theory is to are of the
things that we're, the latter distinctly
dead; the former in desperation speech
making over the country, crying to the
Democratic party, "Help me, Cassius,
or | sinkl" In raiterating the Kansas
platform Bryan would have the party die
with him, and in this II Is apparent how
well "Misery loves company"
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

Several Chicago theatres have been H.
terally wiped out OF existence as . result
Of the Iroquois tragedy. Not less than
thousand actors and chorus girls we're
thrown upon the city psnnilcss. and phi
lantropists have taken good many OF
shem into luxurious homes.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30
Exempt I.oan BllI.

The judiciary committee Of the House
hls reported favorabiy bin to exempt
from taxation money loaned at 9 per
cent. interest in this State.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

With the Legislature in session, Jack
son was visited by terrific snow fall
Thursday nightl
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30
56-inch wide Repellant Suiting, marked
down to 30 cents per yard.

36-inch Venitian (all woody regular
price 50 cents, marked down to so
cents.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

A-inch wide French Black Henrietta,
regular price Is cents per yard, now
60 cents.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

= Us xeFe introduced by Senator
/ fdE Monday. One Granting
IAs h 70 Mobile, jackson and Kan
tly hilway 70 remove bridge across
lsy IA river and replace same. The
sure, Fsconyey to the former own
ars. heirs Of assigns, certain lots Of
Pass Christian. Both were re-
the Judiciary committee.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30
APPLICATION FOR LICENSE To
SELL LIQUOR.

70 the Honorable Board Of Mayor and
Aldermen, Of the Town OF wavcland,
I In Hancock county, Mississippi:
We, The Gafvey-J -Jordy Mercantile
Company, Arm whose members are
over the age Of twenty-one years, and
residents OF said town, do hefeby apply
20 your honorable hody TO grant rs . Ii.
,ensc In our name, to sell In Quantities
iot less than one gallon vinoua, alcohol
70, malt. Intoxicating or spirituous Ii
luors ct our place ef business on Mich
,lson avenue, In said town, and known
- The 0arvey- -Jordy Mercantile Com
-pany's Store, upon our compliance with
the law IN reference thereto,
darvey-Jordy Mercantile Co.,
- Per Jordy.
Wayeland, Miss, January IL, t904.
70 the Honorable Board Of Mayor and
Aldermen, of the Town of Waveland,
Ia Hancock county, Mississippi;
Your petitioners, whose signatures arc
hereto undersigned. respectfully show
that each OF US are legal and qualified
soters Of the Town Of Waveland, State
If Mississippi, and are residents OF said
town, and tnat We and each OF us do
hereby recommend The 0aryey-J Jordy
Mercantile Co., residents Of ssaid town,
70 be Of good reputation, and sober and
suitable persons 10 receive o license a.
applied for by them, 90 appears in their
foregoing application TO cell in Quanti-
ties not less than ono gallon vinous, al
,oholio, malt, Intoxicating or spirituous
liquors at their place Of business. In said
sown, ~ related In their application, and
your petitioners will ever pray.
John George Feldmann,
Edwin Bourgeois,
!. William RuhF.
Louis HeFdags.
Edwin LAissf,
August Ruhr,
Andrew Zimmerman,
Jules August Fayre, IT.,
Charles Garvey,
Walter L. Carver,
Victor FAvre,
Joseph Antoine,
Reuben Lsonidas Farmer,
Evariste Bourgeois,
Hen KAnnell,
Numa REVERE,
John Baptiste Favre,
Jacob Hellbach,
Henry Biguenet,
William Joseph Hellbeehs
Myric Emmett Anslcy,
Joe Leon Bourgeois,
Joseph simon Bourgeois.
Forestall Guardia,
Elias Chisholm,
Peter Bourgeois,
Alcide Ladner,
John Ducre Bourgeois,
| Thomas Bourgeois,
Albert Bourgeois,
William Soldini,
James BADGER.
James William McColI,
| William Richard Jackson,
| Edward Louis Pinae,
Joseph Robert Bourgeois.
Joseph Savorin Bourgeois.
L Edwin Laser, Secretary Of th
Board Of Mayor and Aldermen Of III
Town Of Waveland, Hancock County
State Of Mississippl. certify that n
foregoing petition snd names thereto Ai
tsched, u y true and correct copy of th
OF the original on fla In my ofRce, whic
petition &nd namea wMs hled, this teti
dayof Jahuaxy, A. ID. f90a.
sesl.l Rdwn LaiseE. Sec'y.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

|etter carriers Of the United States
AaFd work to live on an annual
e 900 and will urge Congress
lem 81, 200. The average in
armers in New England is Iess
Of factory hands, less thar
hnisters less than $500. Does
skilled labor to be q letter
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

The Indianola incident has been clos.
ed. II the strenuous President Roose.
velt has gained any satisfaction in the
matter and the course which he pursued
none can see y but Roosevelt sympathi-
zers. Surely there has been "method
in his madness,' bgt to what avail W,
cannot SEQ, Minnie Cox says that under
no consideration would she sooept tn.
office second term, and under this pre-
arranged pretext the President manages
to uphold his "frmness and dignity,
snu .-.,cy in the matter of disre-
gard towards decency and the white peo-
pie of the South, The Indianola Incl
dent, like Banquo's ghost, win not down
as long as Roosevelt is out for public
favor.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30


The friends Of constitutional phohibi-
tion do not seem to be making much
headway in the matter Of changing the
Constitution 10 make itforbid the liquor
traffic. The proposed amenement which
was drawn up by the special Prohibition
Committee ia still in the hands Of the
Committee on Constitution in the House.
Several Intellectual efforts have been
made to get report on the amendment,
but Notwithstanding majority of the
Committee are understood to favor the
measure, these attempts have been fail
ures. A meeting was held but no quo
rum was present, and after some discus
sion, which developed some unexpected
opposition, the matter was still further
postponed. 1t now begins to look as II
the movement for constitutional prohi-
oition will be q failure, at least 30 far as
the present session of the Legislature is
concerned.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

he king Of Korea is planning
J, - hg for his throne, his heir.
m1s1'sa 'a'; I; :, school in Virginia.
~ Tell yeur dSw.
~ he asks y Nsnc down 70
Aln send fgreatalt4 can now
MI Abs lon Metallic CafA
nrasesucrf, Conn.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

About 30 pairs odds and ends Women
and Misses Shoes. rs and so cents
per pair.
The sea coast echo. [volume] (Bay Saint Louis, Miss.) 1892-current, 1904-01-30

l., II
world ID
MER GAS
Einstantlyi !
fuel, easy I
Safe, sur'
| two years.
to nun,
The Marlboro democrat. [volume] (Bennettsville, S.C.) 1882-1908, 1904-02-12
Negroes in Congress.

The Washington Post says: "a
negro occupying Il seat on the floor of
the house has become an unusual sight,
although in years gone by there have
been negro members galore. One of
the negro contestants from Southern
district ventured In last week, con-
testants being allowed the privilege.
He was a plantation negro and not
used to such things as the house OF
represen tatives. The employees quick
ly detected his embarrassment, as he
insisted for time In standing near
the cloak room doors, along with the
negro attendants. Finally he was
coaxcd into taking seat. The boys
have been trying to persuade him that
1t was his duty to sit part of the
time by Mr.. Payne, the floor leader,
as a matter Of respect to the eminent
New Yorker, but the colored politician
is backward about accepting that
kind NJ advice ~
The Marlboro democrat. [volume] (Bennettsville, S.C.) 1882-1908, 1904-02-12
Bicycles and Automobiles.

After some discussion on Wednes-
day the House of Representatives pass
ed the following bill to Il third reading:
Section l. Any person riding bicy-
Gle, or automobile, or other like
vehicle propelled by steam or electri-
city, upon any public highway or pub
lie road in this State, out of or beyond
the corporate limits Of any city or
town, and meeting any person or per-
sons riding in any of the following
named vehicles, to wit: a carriage,
sulky, wagon or cart, or anyone on
horseback, shall stop and dismount
from such bicycle or vehicle within
not less than twenty-f yards of said
vehicle and remain so dismounted un-
til said conveyance has passed.
Section 2. Any person violating Sec
tion 1 Of this Act, shall be guilty Of a
misdemeanor, and, upon conviction
thereof, be fined for the first offence
not more than one hundred dollars nor
less than ten dollars, or be imprisoned
for not more than thirty days nor less
than ten days on the chain gang or in
the county jail.
The Marlboro democrat. [volume] (Bennettsville, S.C.) 1882-1908, 1904-02-12
Aiurderous Robbcrs.

Burglars attempted to kill Samuel
Waller and his wife and burn their
home in Phoenix City Ca, Friday
night. While the family were in the
dining-room some one entered the
house and ransacked every room. Mr.
Waller noticed dim light in one Of
the rooms, and taking d small lamp,
went in the main house to inveSti-
gate. AS he passed window some
one shot at him from the outside. He
hurried down to the business part Of
the city, about mile distant, aud
called for help, and while he was gone
his house was fired. Assistance ar
rived in time to save the house from
being totally destroyed, but the kitch-
en- was lost. After Mr.. Waller went
for help one OF the burglars shot at
Mrs. Waller three times, one of the
shots breaking her spectacles.
The burglars fled, taking with them a
quantity OF silverware, a gold watch
and some clothing. The authorities
in Columbus were requested to are st
a negro named John Rush, who, they
thought, had something to do with
the crime, who lived in Columbus.
The Marlboro democrat. [volume] (Bennettsville, S.C.) 1882-1908, 1904-02-12
atranelea Her Daunhter.

A special dispatch from Walterboro
to The State says about o'clock
Sunday morning Pasty Eligan, negro
woman living on Mr.. Josiah Hlatt's
place about eight miles from town,
went to the bed OF her own daughter,
Anita Eligan, and clutching her by
the throat, choked her until she Vas
dead. There were two other negro
girls in the room but they seemed to
know very little about the horrible
deed except that they helped carry
the dead body Of their sister into the
adjoining room at the command OF
their mother. Anita Eligan was
about II years Of age. Magistrate j.
A. Ackerman OF Cottageville held the
Inquest, the jury finding that the de.
ceased came to her death at the hands
OF her mother by choking. Patsy was
committed 10 jail Wednesday charged
with the murder OF her own child.
The Marlboro democrat. [volume] (Bennettsville, S.C.) 1882-1908, 1904-02-12
Passed Bad Checks.

At Hot Springs, Ark, ayoung man,
giving the name of ]. H. Miller, is
alleged to have cashed worthless drafts
to the amount Of nearly $4,000 in
that city in the last two days. Miller
stopped atone OF the most fashionable
hotels, and it Is claimed he held
several drafts to merchants and club
houses puporting to have been issued
by the bank of Rural Hin, Ills, and
signed by D. G. Craig, cashier. In
vestigation shows that there is no
such bank at Rural Hill. One con-
cern here Is reported to have 81 900 of
the paper. Miller left the city Fri
day and his whereabouts are unknown.
Papers found in baggage left behind
Indicate that the man has operated
in Texas, Indian Territory and Cuba.
The Marlboro democrat. [volume] (Bennettsville, S.C.) 1882-1908, 1904-02-12
A COTTON PICKER.
An Illinois Man Has Invented One
Said to be Success.


Said to be Success.
A correspondent in Illinois writes
the Charlotte Chronicle as follows:
Il have seen editorial reference in
your paper to the need of cotton
picking machine and the vast sums 1t
would save the cotton planters. l
send you herewith photographs apd
description Of cotton picking ma
chine invented by MIR. N. Bowditch Of
Aurora, Ill.
"How 1t picks the cotton is thus
explained: The machine consists of
two large hollow wheels, five feet in
diameter and mace Of Bessemer steel,
or other metal; within the rim OF
these wheels are two cams inclined at
an angle. and between these cams are,
"a picker bars, which the revolution
OF the two wheels causes to move from
the outer edge Of the rim OF the wheel
to the face or web OF the wheel, about
ten inches. Attached to these picker
bars are series of flexible, spiral
pickers, composed OF two twisted
| bands Of steel with hair cloth inter
posed between, the edges being frayed
out, thus forming the picking points
These spiral pickers are projected
through rows Cf holes radially placed
in the sides Of the wheels, the space
between the two wheels being about
| twenty inches. The machine is driven
straddling the rows IT cotton plants
The spiral plckers are pressed into the
plants as they pass between the
tpl,nn1o nd hn
tafgle the open, tibrous cotton, and
viii ding it up on the pickers, 1T is pull
led out OF the b ii, and as the wheel
col tinnes to turn it is brought to the
tol. OF the wheels where the pickers
are entirely withdrawn into the
wheel. There being nothing to sup
port the cotton thus cleaned of the
pic iers, gravity rnakes it drop into a
hooper, where it is conveyed by an
endless belt into an elevator, at the
top OF which is sack which receives
the gathered cotton.
From six to ten acres can be COW
cred by this macl In, in a day. the
quantity Of cotton picked depending
entirely upon the amount Of ripe cot
ton on the plants, as it requires no
more time or power to go over rows,
the individual plants Of which con-
tanning thirty or more ripe bolls Of
cot ton, than other plants with only
ten ripe bolls. The machine is very
great labor saving device, and Is apt
to work rapid and complete revolu-
tion in field which has heretofore
successfully resisted the combined as
saints of capital, energy, mechanical
| Ing enuity and inventive Skill.n
The Marlboro democrat. [volume] (Bennettsville, S.C.) 1882-1908, 1904-02-12
HOPE OF THE pa RtIY.
Figure, Showing the Chance Of the.
Democracy in Next Election.
THE DEMOCRATS ARE HOPEFUL.
Forecast Made by an Export on
the States to be Carried,
Deposition ofthe Doubt
full Colnnn.s

Charles w. Dayton has sent ont in
Democracy the following forecast
of general interest: The Democrats
are hopeful-more than hopeful -con-
fident OF carrying the presid dentialS
election in the coming year Is appar-
ent to every observer of political
events. That they have reason ON
which to base their confidence Is as
plain to every one who has taken the
trouble to examine the figures In the
returns in recent presidentia elections.
Examination of those figures will
show that Of the 478 electoral votes
to be cast, the Democrats can safely
rely upon 2l5, while the Republicans
can at the utmost claim to be sure or
100. This is conceding that there
are thirteen doubtful states. with lOI
votes. Now, of these 101 votes it
would be necessary for the Republic
cans to obtain 10 to possess the 239
votes to elect their candidate, while
25 votes would be all that were
necessary to give the Democrats vie
tory.
Here is table of the states the
Democrats claim, the states conceded
TO the Republicans, and the doubtful
states