davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

N UGENE ANDRE has written clever
and entertaining record of his ex-
periences in the little known
Guianas
Mr. Andre is not only an active and
learned naturalist and geographer-he is
a writer capable of telling a story of ex-
ploration in a vivid and stimulating fash
ion. He has in recent years spent much
time in Venezuela in collecting birds, but
teTfiies, small mammals and orchids, and
the most exciting of his journeys-those
in which he ascended the Caura river into
the heart of the tropical forest-are- de-
scribed in this volume. The Caura is one
of the rivers which fall into the mighty
Orinoco. and its banks, according to Sir
Walter Raleigh, were once peopled by a
race of headless beings whose eyes were
In their shoulders Which, though it
may be thought a mere fable" wrote the
resolved it is true. because every child in
the provinces of Arromaia and Canuri af-
firms the same" OF the rivers flowing
through that region of almost impenetra-
bic forest and deadly climate the Caura is
one of the most difficult to navigate. 1t
breaks continually into rapids and falls.
which after a rainstorm are frightfuIly
dangerous, and which, by forbidding the
use of boats of any great size, limit the
provisions which can be carried by the
explorer. That the disinclination of the
natives to accompany the traveller into
these highlands is thoroughly justifable
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

which took the name of Republican,
and nominated a candidate for the
presidency. The annus mirabilis drew
70 its close with nothing settled. Still
the war in the Crimea, the call for
more troops, the appeals for supplies
StlH the struggle in Kansas. Still the
angry war in congress, the noise of
dlssension rising higher and higher
Stlll the furore of political discussion In
every Northern state, every county and
every township. And with it all, on
every hand, it seemed, the record of
disaster and loss, of storm or fire.
There were few American writer's In
1854, and still fewer poets in the West.
Maria Louise Chitwood, of Indiana. a
protege of George d. Prentice, was
perhaps the most meritorious of these.
and her poems were widely read at
that time. Among them is one relating
to the annus mirabilis. 1t is a sad,
yet hopeful expression of the feeling,
of the time. One of the stanzas is as
follows:
Surely for thee. o year
OF storm and fire and shipwreck and OF
woe
Dread bearer of Deaths hourglass and
his spear,
For thee no tear should flow.
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their simple lives away. Having but few
wants, unacquainted with luxury, salts
fed with getting drunk whenever they
can. afford it, they are content to live as
their fathers and grandfathers have done
before them; they have no longing for a
more civilized form of existence.
The Indians eat enormous quantities Of
food. the author tells us; they even get
up during the night to eat. They begin
in childhood to gorge themselves in this
fashion, being left unguided in this mat
ter as in others. They are never pun
ished by their elders, and Mr.. Andre sug
geSts that this may be the reason why
the full grown Indian is impatient of any
sort of control
The traveller is dubious as to the trade
prospects of those regions, which he truly
calls THE Land of Strife There is ter
ritory on the Nichare prepared to yield a
rich supply of rubber from trees and
without population as it is, it would have
to be worked from settlements practically
self-suppOrting. The political conditions
are not favorable to the establishment of
such a scheme. In discussing this ques-
tion he describes the South American
mode Of treating the rubber after the
milky stream flows from the tree. 1t
must be smoked in order to produce the
ordinary f4w rubber of commerce:
Certain nuts, especially the seeds Of a
kind of palm, are preferred for smoking,
but when such nuts are not obtainable
branches and twigs are used. The ''serin-
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formances, owing to the exigencies of
these remarkable and complicated
scenic pictures, usually demand a sac
rifice of much that Shakespeare wrote
simply to allow time for the scene
Shifters, while in the Harvard perform
ance this loss of time was obviated.
And, what was more to the point, the
play apparently told it's story-cer-
tainly complicated enough thoroughly
to test the simplicity of the stage as a
background for an ineligible dramatic
effOrt-quite as clearly as if each scene
had been pictorialiy indicated. Those
who saw the performance came away
with a wider understanding of Shake
speare, even if that understanding is
not likely to involve any marked re-
action against the modern way of stag
ing his masterpiece.
The performance was undoubtedly as
interesting an experiment for Mr.. Rob-
eFtson and his fellow actors as it was
for the unusually distinguished audi
ence that saw it. The department
some time ago had invited Mr.. Robert
son to give Hamlet" under these con-
ditions, but it had been planned orig
inally that the performance would not
take place until sometime next winter.
Recently, however, the actc% decided to
play Hamlet" during the present sea-
son and arrangements were mace, al
most at a moments notice, for the per-
formances just given. Harvard already
had an EIizabethan stage, which had
been used in 1895 for a revival of Ben
Jonson's "The Silent Woman" and
again a year later for the performance
of an Elizabethan play Raleigh in
Guiana" by Prof. Barrett Wendell
Since this stage was constructed sew
eral additions had been made to the
departments knowledge of the ar
rangements of an eArly English theater
among them, for example. the use of
the three-sided curtain that figured so
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bols, each employee using as a passbook
one of the posts of the house. About four
times year travelling scribe appears
to arrange these, accounts and write let
ters. The houses are creations of a. comic
simplicity-there is never any occasion for
a building strike in that happy land:
Not a single nail is used in their con-
struction. Whenever any fastening has
to be performed, it Is done by means Of
creepers procured In the forest. The
word "bejuco" is applied to all creepers
without distinction. and although several
kinds of "bejuco'' are used in house
building, there are great many varieties
quite unsuited for this or any other pur-
pose. When creepers for construction are
not obtainable in the neighborhood of
settlement they are, brought from dis
tance and they then constitute an arti-
Gle of commerce. In the case of the
scandent ''mulats," the long roots, after
having been cleared of their thorny bark,
are usually thick enough to allow of be-
ing split into two or four strips. Both
kinds are soaked in water before being
used, SO as to render them pliabie. Very
often the huts are simply thatched sheds
having part at one ends inclosed with
palm branches. 1t is customary, how
ever, to form the inclosure to which the
family retires at night by tying poles
close together to the uprights and plas-
tering them over with mud. In such
easily constructor huts these people pass
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08
-so-43-o-o-tNU-o-4-o-

HARVARD students have seen
Il Il Shakespeare's Hamlet" given
in PLAYHOUSE environment that ap-
preached as closely to the conditions of
the stage in Queen Elizabeths time as
modern research could effect, in San
ders' theater. 1t was given by Forbes
Robertson and his company of play
ers under the auspices of the Harvard
department of English literature. The
performances will doubtless long re-
main unique for the combination of
playhouse and players is unlikely to
be duplicated. Mr.. Robertson's Ham
let, on the one hand, has been called
by many dramatic critics the greatest
since that OF Edwin Booth, and the
Harvard department of English has,
on the other hand, had valuable pre-
Iiminary experience in reproducing the
picturesque characteristics of typical
Elizabethan theater.
In this case, Furthermore. the de-
partment has outdone all previous ef-
forts. An Elizabethan apprentice, wan
dering into Sanders theater, last Tues
day night, might perhaps have ex-
pressed surprise at some of the prop
critics, for an absolutely correct repro
duction of every one of the details
buried under the dust of centuries is
obviously impossible. And he would
doubtless have marveled as much to
see Hamlet clad in the sables with
which the modern play-g goer is familiar
as we of the present day would wonder
TO behold the melancholy prince clad in
the contemporary Elizabethan costume
worn by all players at the time when
Shakespeare was writing his tragedies
But, except for some few incongruities,
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The Whig party went to pieces. In
each state of the North new political
elements came to the surface. The
opposition to the party in power had
no general organization at first, and
possessed in common only a deep ha-
tired for slavery, and a determination
to resist an extension Of the institu-
ton.
The members were not agreed among
themselves as to how it should be op-
posed. There were among them many
extremists, who cared little for laws
constitutions or courts, and many who
We're ready to adopt extreme measures
relating to other matters than slavery
Prohlbitionists, communistic theorists,
theocratic advocates, female suffra-
glsts, ETC., were strongly in evidence.
or strange, discOrdant, sometimes hos
tile elements" said Abraham Lincoln.
we gathered from the four windsy'
Th1s miscellaneous aggregation was
successful in many states; and one
may find in the statutes enacted in the
following winter by the legislatures
they chose, many an amusing express
sion of the optimism of the period.
The fusion" went on in the years
Following. In the second year there
after the scattered elements had be-
come solidiffed in national party.
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

1uctantly Incorporated by Senator
Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, in a
bill to organize the territories of Kan
sas and Nebraska. Douglas had al
ways favored the continuance of the
restriction line, and its extension
through the newly acquired territories
TO the Pacific, until the compromise of
1850 was adopted, the single state Of
California running across the line. He
now proposed that slavery be an op-
tional matter with the new states to
be thereafter formed, and his bill was
so framed as to render it doubtful
whether or not slavery could be pro-
hibited during their provisional or ter
ritorial status. The Kansas Nebraska
bill was passed, in the hope of bringing
peace on the subject of slavery 1t
proved indeed, flrebrand Through
out the North it was feared that
slavery would be extended throughout
the West and Northwest. The nation
was thrown into a fever of excitement.
Frantic appeals We're made in behalf
of freedom. An immediate rush was
made by Northern homeseekers for
the plains of Kansas. A similar rush
was made by men from the South
Bleeding Kansas" began her history
in border warfare between the two
classes Of immigrants.
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08


it is safe TO say that the interior OF
Sanders theater was very like the
playhouse of the late sixteenth and
early seventeenth centuries. Many OF
the points involved in the reproduction
are the result of recent discoveries in
theatrical literature; and the stage
itself was built by Prof. H. Langford
Warren, of the Harvard architectural
department, from contracts that were
made for the building of now vanished
and almost forgotten London theaterS.
What the distinguished AUDIENCE
term that may here be applied with
very exact nicety-saw when 1t gath
cred in Sanders the other night was
a rush-strewn platform extending well
into the pit, or orchestra as we should
now cali it, fianked by stage boxes and
affording room for auditors on three
sides. Partly over this stage extended
a roof, supported by pillars at the sides
and topped by a small tower-like Struc-
ture from which a trumpeter stepped
forth to announce the beginning of the
play. These pillars, or corner posts, it
must be understood, were not at the
extrepe sides of the stage and between
them hung curtains which thus en-
closed a part of the platform leaving
the front and sides for the use of the
players in one scene while the few ae-
eessories of another. chairs, tables,
ETC., were being arranged behind the
curtains. The drawing Of the cur
tains, therefore, revealed a second
scene, while yet a third place for the
action of the play was provided by
balcony at the back of the stage.
Practically there were three stages. for
in the old Elizabethan theater this bal
cony at the back was uSed>for various
scenes, more or less in the air, so to
speak, such as the balcony iT< Romeo
and Juliet" the ramparts of a. castle
OF the stage within stage on Which.
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

side of the performance seems hardly
necessary. Ordinarily the play is the
thing, but in this case interest centered
less in how the actor would play the
part than in how the play would go off
under such unfamiliar conditions. To
an audience accustomed to the scenic
excellence of modern Shakespearean
performances, with each setting mar
vel of the scene painters craft and the
most minor super" arr2yed in cos
tune whose least detail has been made
as historically accurate as scholarly
digging into muSty tones and ancient
prints could make it, the idea OF Ham
let" produced without scenery Is natu-
rally an incentive to cNFiosity The
Harvard performance was only mod
ern in the accurate dressing of the
different parts, and in the fact that
Ophelia was acted by woman In
Shakespeare's day Ophelia would have
been played by a boy and all the char
acters dressed in the prevailing fash
ion-an arrangement that the Eliza
bethan audience received in a different
spirit from that in which modern
theater full of people would greet
Hamlet in frock coat and striped trou-
sers.
Allowing, however, for the strange
ness of the almost bare stage this
unique performance of Shakespeare s
famous tragedy was something of a
revelation TO those who saw it. The
performance almost exactly followed
the First Folio the stage version that
that great dramatist is believed to have
made after his work had already been
published. partly rewritten and under
gone several changes in the different
quarto editions of which later day
ShakeSpeareans discourse SO learnedly-
The movement of the play. uninter-
rupted by the long intermissions made
necessary by the stage settings of the
modern stage. went forward with a
surprising quickness- Modern per-
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

the great blessings they brought to the
world.
Whether the present year shall. or
shall not prove entitled to this desig-
nation, the year 1854, just half a CEN
tury ago, was such a one, and is re-
membered by all nations. especially by
those of the English speaking world,
as an epoch of marvels
There was a great European war.
1t was the first since the battle of
Waterloo. For nearly four decades
war had been unknown in Europe It
seemed a thing of bygone ages. This
was the first war since the invention
of the steamship, the railway and the
telegraph. Strangest of all, England
and France were allied. Napoleon III.
was emperor of France, and Great
Britain had been the relentless foe of
his uncle, Napoleon /. But the two.
great powers of Western Europe Joined
hands to oppose the despotisn of the
East; and they were joined by the lit
tile Kingdom OF Sardinia, which has
since developed into great power as
the kingdom of Italy.
Russia was determined to realize the
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

ambition of Peter the Great, and to
make ConstantinopIe. it's capital AL
ready it owned half of Europe, .togeth-
er with vast stretches of barbarous or
unoccupied lands in Asia and in Amer
lea. 1t was felt that if such a power
should be permitted to enthrone itself
upon the Mediterranean, all Europe
might soon be at its mercy. The al
lied powers aided the Turks against
the Russians, and after a very hard
fought war dictated the peace of 1855.
The first year of the war was one
that severely tested thes courage and
constancy of the allies. The great bat
ties of the Tchenaya, Balaklava and
Inkernann, in the Crimean peninsula,
were won by the British at a fearful.
cost. The charge of the light brigade
at Bafakfaya will be remembered like
the defense of Leonidas the Spartan.
The British ministry was weak, and
the war was i'll managed. The soldiers
suffered for want of supplies. Thou.
sands perished from cold and hunger.
Florence Nightingale won fame by her
services to the sick and wounded, and
private citizens supplied what the gov
ernment had failed to provide. The
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

as in the players scene in Hamlet"
a secondary performance-or play
within a play''-was given nominally
for the benefit only of the persons on
the stage In the tower above was
stored machinery for the operation of
various stage devices. for the Eliza
bethan stage, though bare of scenery
in our modern sense, was nevertheless
capable of producing many effects
which we now class as spectacular.
This arrangement, as 1T has been
worked out by the Harvard authori-
ties, is the most recent translation Of
the hints that have come down to us
from the drawings and descriptions Of
the Elizabethan theater, which had no
scenery as we now understand the
term, and which made, therefore a
more direct and personal appeal to the
Imagination of the audience. Over
head the pit of Sanders theater was
apparently open to the sky, as Shake
speare'S own theater would have been
except for the roof covering the gall
lerieS and parts of the stage. But the
reproduction was not confined to the
stage proper, for it included, so far~as
possible. the entire interior Of the lit
tie Cambridge theater, whose octagonal
shape and comparative smallness were
important factors in perfecting the
portrait The octagonal galleries of
Sanders had already much of the archi-
tectural character that probably
marked a typical Elizabethan play
house. which was undoubtedly far more
imposing than modern authorities for a
long time believed probable, and with
a little imagination the audience might
easily have been pictured as trans
ferred from the present day to the time
when Shakespeare himself acted the
Ghost in Hamlet"
So much has been said already Of
Mr.. Robertson's impersonatien of Ham
let that to enter into that important
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

has made the task of the engineers
and architects easier than it might
have been elsewhere. The background
in any direction is one Of low noun
tains, spurs of the Erzgebirge on one
side of the river and of the LOssnitz-
berge on the other, so that the city
seems to be in a great basin.
And through it runs the Elbe, the
main artery Of Dresden's life. The
loyal Dresdeners say there is no other
German river equal to it-not even the
imperial Rhine. The beautiful blue
Danube people praise because, forsooth,
Strauss has called one of his ting-a-
ling waltZes after it. But the Danube
is not blue and means nothing to the
Vienese. Occupying ground on both
sides of the river, Dresden and the
Elbe are very intimately associated
Looking up the river from below the
city one sees at close hand the wide
spanned arches of the elegant Carola-
Brucke. In the middle distance are
the thick. characteristic piers of the re-
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08
LETTERS OF a PRESIDENT

Sir: Cyrus No 2 is Dragging that
you are going to send her a copy OF
Teddy by Jake" for the fair. 1 guess
you don't know I'm Number One and II
Of those ehildrens mine. Ask the Apos-
ties at Salt Lake. Betsy Early.
Lobsteria, u.
Dear Sir: I read your beautiful let
ter to Poppa Couldn't you send me
one? 1t would be a winner as press
notice. I'm real strenu0us-my record
is 6 TT. 2 In. Yours most cordially, Ad-
dress Birdie Early,
Mad. So. Gard, N. Y.
7.
Mr. President: l saw your letter to
the old man. 1t was all right. Say,
got the best joint in toWn-Plate Glass
Ed. 1 guess you heard of me-and
whenever you come it's yours as an old
friend of dads. Ed Eearly-
Lobsteria, IL.
Dear Sir: I see your letter to Pop
in a paper wunner de blokies had. Inn
his foist born and I'm innocent. 1 got
FIVE years more of my bit. Burglary.
Cant you git me out maybe 1 could con
some of the swag back. Abel Early.
Dannemora, n. Y.
New York Sun.
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

seldom or never been publicly exhib-
tied before.
An annex for sculpture, designed by
Prof. Paul Wallot, the architect of the
imperial parliament houses in Berlin,
has been erected In accordance with
scheme of compartments for the group
ing Of different schools and periods
and with a gallery connecting it with
the main building. Prof. Lehrs has
collected examples Of the art of en-
craving in large graphic department,
while art industries will be found in
department under Prof. Gross direc-
ton. In the large central hall water
will play from the jets Of the gigantic
Marcolini fountain executed by Mattel
Ii, of which a cast is at hand, a remi-
niscence of the fiorescence of Dresden
art in the eighteenth century.
There will also be an exhibition Of
horticulture in connection with the
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

yet fully installed, will contain not
only the works of German artists, but
also of the leading Italian, French,
Belgian and English painters and
scuIptors. Among the German groups
may be noticed those of Dresden; Of
Munich-the Society" the Secession"
and the ''Luitpold" and NScholle"
groups; Of Berlin, the Society and
the Secession" of Vienna, Stuttgart,
Weimar, Karlsruhe, Konigsberg, Frank
fort, Hamburg and Dusseldorf.
There will also be retrospective
exhibition, under the special care of
Gotthard Kuehl, offering survey of
the art of the nineteenth century as
shown in the works Of its leading rep
resentatives. The success Of this de-
partment is assured by loans from the
state authorities and private indfvid-
uals of art works, some Of which have
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

he went to college he was the best shot
putter there, and not only won all the
contests in his own college, but also in
the intercollegiate championship.
Every boy is not built for shot-putting,
and every boy will not go to college, but
it ought to be the ambition of every one
to make the most of himself by improving
what opportunities he has for physical de-
velopment 1t IS well to remember that
we are not all alike. and that some boys
can do much more than others.
No amount of practice will make 1t
possible for every boy to run one hundred
yards in ten seconds, or to become Ma
tional league baseball player, or to put
up a one hundred pound dumbbell: but
every boy can achieve a certain degree
of success, and he ought not to be satis-
fed unless he accomplishes that much.
The Saint Paul globe., 1904-05-08

showing of plastic art. In the open
space enclosed by the new wings of the
exhibition palace, two gardens have
been laid out; that on the left in the
Biedermeier style, after a design by
Graft and Bertram; that on the right in
modern style, according to plan of
Kreis and Bouche. Through the open
doors of the surrounding exhibition
buildings the visitor will be able to
step out into these gardens, in which
examples of the sculptor's art will ap-
pear in broad daylight from among the
beds of green, while cascades and foun-
tains Will sparkle in the sunshine.
The general attractions of Dresden,
together with the special features of
this art exhibition, will no doubt draw
to the Saxon capital considerable
proportion of the 100000 or more of
American tourists whom the great
steamship companies-thoSe of the In
ternational Mercantile Marine company
and the others-carry each year to Eu-
rope. Visitors find the city particular