Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1904-04-15
,tMsxSCienCe
|SE ,H&2=> ANp
.se; .sse;ssRfl1Veflti0fl :
"NONONNNN~

Paper car wheels made by pressure
from rye straw paper are usually in
condition for second set of steel
tires after the first set is worn out by
q run of three hundred thousand miles.
Radium constantly generates heat,
and Wien has now shown that it may
constantly generate electricity. 1t
gives off both positive and negative
electrons, and the former-several hun
dred times as large as the latter-may
be held back by sieve Of glass or any
other Of a variety Of substances.
Suggestive at least are the conclu-
sions Of Hon. R. ]. Strut, Of Bath,
England. Helium-which Sir William
Ramsay has found to be slowly given
Off by radium-exists in the gases of
the city's largest hot mineral spring,
and at test of the deposits in the
spring has revealed a small proper
tion Of radium. 1t is believed that
these substances are brought up from
large deposit of radium deep in the
earth.
All admirers as we'll as cultivators
Of carnations are much concerned
about a new disease that the Depart
ment of Agriculture has recently de-
tected affecting these plants in the
District of Columbia and Pennsylya-
MIA. The disease is manifested by the
appearance of ringed spots on the
leaves and stems. The spots are
shown by the microscope filled with
bacteria, which are different from the
micro-organisms causing previously
known diseases in carnations. A care
full study of the new disease is under
way.
The German government Is devel-
oping plan to have It's customs off,
cials instructed in chemistry, physics
and mechanical technology. At the
most important custom houses in every
province Of the empire there is to
be established laboratory and a
library Of technical books for the use
of the customs officials. The officers
Of high rank are to instruct the minor
officials, and will themselves be train
ed in great laboratory which it is
proposed to erect in Berlin in connec-
ton with the chief customs Office
Teachers for this institution will be
drawn from the STATS of professors in
technical colleges.
The Bureau of Forestry finds that
sugar culture the greatest industry of
the Hawaiian Islands, depends upon
the preservation Of the native forests
These are mainly confined to the
rainy east and northeast sides Of the
mountains, and they conserve the wa
ter that Is needed to irrigate the dry
plains where the sugar plantations ex-
list. The value of these forests con-
sists not in the trees, which are fire.
quently low, crooked and sparsely scat
tered, but in the impenetrabe under
growth, composed of vines, ferns and
MOSES, and so thick that it holds
water like sponge. This underground
Is, however, very delicate, and cattle
and goats quickly destroy it. 1t is
proposed to save the forests by fenc-
Ing.
Condensed into few words, these
are the Modern Views Of Matter" as
expounded by Sir Oliver Lodge: "Elec-
tricity is substance, the only kind of
substance, and all matter is merely
an accumulation of electric charges.
1t appears probable that these electric
charges are all of exactly the same
amount, although some are positive
and some negative, and that the atoms
Of the chemical elements are formed
by varying numbers and arrangements
Of these charges, or electrons. There
are about seven hundred electrons,
$50 positive and $50 negative, in the
hydrogen atom, which has been so
long regarded as the final and indi-
visible unit Of matter; there must be
about sixteen times as many in an
oxygen atom; and about 255 times as
many, say 100000, in radium atom,
the heaviest known.
HERE'S AOMII nm LIIMTINO