davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Western news., 1904-06-22
SEA BATHING.
Hints COr Securing the Most BENEFIT
NrOm IL SeashOrc SojOurn,

NrOm SeashOrc SOjOurn.
The sojourn at the sea, sea bathing
and the fresh salt air play an impor-
tant part, from a hySienic point of
view, for they are exceedingly effica-
c1ous for certain ailments and the sea-
son is not merely time for distrac-
ton and amusement OF course the
salt air does not suit every one and it
Is we'll to be cautious in the selection Of
summer locality.
Medical opinion will quickly settle
the point. 1t is wise to choose a
maritime climate with a higher tenn
perature than that of the place one
lives in Another rule is to wait few
days to grow accustomed to the air
before indulging in sea bathing. This
especially applies to children and deli
cate individuals.
The most favorable hours for the
bath are between 10 and II in the
morning or ; o'clock in the evening.
according to the tide or the particular
locality. Only in rare cases should
very small children be bathed in the
sea.
! 1t IS well to go iuto the water direct
ly you have donned your bathin" suit
wctting the head and feet thoroughly
Those who swim quickly get warm; !;
the others must jump about. IT is bet
ter to bathe in water Just slightly agi-
tated than to dive into whitecaps. In
some places from five to ten minutes
is long enough to remain in the water
though ut others, where the water is
warm, half an hour is not too long.
i Dress as quickly as possible wiping
the skin dry with Il towel without rub
bing, so as to leave the beneficial in
gradients Of the sea water on the skin
If one does not get warm quickly it is
wise to drink something hot. Children
especially should have a small cup Of
! broth or hot milk to restore circula-
ton. In the south two baths a day
are not injurious. In colder, more
/ 6racing climate one is sufficient.
| Hot sea water baths are very good
! in some cases and especially for weak
constitutions preparatory to baths in
! the ocean. People with bad circulation
can stand them when perhaps sea bath
, ing is too powerful tonic for their
constitutions.
| For children a smooth sandy beach is
the safest, with little incline, so that
they can enjoy playing about. They
should go to bed soon after sundown
and have good nights rest. 1t is wise
to interest them in 1.-The common OBJ
jects of the seashore." so many wonder
| full and beautiful things are to be
found by intelligent seekers.
Children are fond Of making collec-
tons Of sea weeds and shells, and it is
as well If parents are able to answer
all their numerous questions concern
ing the treasure trove. 1t is impos-
sible to exaggerate the benefits nor
mally derived by children and others
from summer at the sea, such
healthy appetites, bright sun kissed
faces, strong lungs and limbs are
taken back to the city.
The Western news., 1904-06-22
A BUILT OUT SEAT.

doubly satisfactory If it is inclosed like
a box. In bedroom a window box of
this description is always available
for storing unused underwear or shirt
waists or extra bedding. In a living
room it can always be utilized as a
stowaway for articles that must be
kept at hand, but out of sight.
In the construction of the window
seat the primary consideration is the
height. With a cushion laid over the
top OF the scat the distance from the
floor should be less than II it 10 left
uncovered.
The Western news., 1904-06-22
strawberry Meringue.

Shake about in bowl two teacupfuls
Of hulled strawberries and half tea
cupful Of powdered sugar and spread
over the top of sponge cake baked
in a shallow square or oblong TIN.
Whip the whites of three eggs to a
stiff froth. stir in two tablespoonful
Of powdered sugar, spread over the
berries and brown in the oven or with
a very hot shovel
The Western news., 1904-06-22
Pretty Lettuce Sandwiches.

ACVVUCC
Spread bread with butter and slice
very thin; place crisp lettuce leaves be-
tween the slices: cut each in two and
tie with pink baby ribbon: pile on
fat glass dish.
The Western news., 1904-06-22
HOUSE FURNISHING.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTISTIC
AND PRACTICAL FEATURE.
Window Seats Must He Well Planned
They Assist In Making the Living
Room Cory and lnviting-BOx Seats
For Dedrooms.
A seat built below recess window
Is almost always justified by it's pic
torial effect even If it is not used to
any great extent. The person of mat
ter Of fact tendencies is sometimes
heard to object to this kind of seat
because when sitting in 1t one can
not look out Of the window" Yet 1t is
certainly true that often the visual en-
joyment of room that is tastcfully
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

"l3ut how about your rule that one
man shall operate ono machine and no
more? That Is certainly a restriction
Of output"
Not IN work Ike that We do, replied
Mr.. O'Connell. our machines are
necessarily fine and we have to insist
upon that rule to protect ourselves.
The employer will say he is willing 10
stand the loss Of any work spoiled by
having man run several machines,
but we find that II the work Is spoiled
the man Is discharged sooner or later,
In some Of our work a man does not
need 10 touch his machine for a long
time. as, for instance, In boring out the
barrels Of great guns. A machine may
be- set and take II hours before the
boring Is completed. We insist upon
having a man watch that machine, for
the least break or fault may ruin The
whole work. whereas If the man II there
he can remedy the defect the moment
II comes
"Our machines" Mr. OConnell went
on. ARE 80 fine that they need constant
watching and the mistake Of hairs
breadth may cost thousands Of dollars,
The brlcklayer knocks of too much
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

from the corner Of brick with his
trowel In laying "A wall he throws In
an extra pint Of mortar and the fault
Is repaired, In the machinist's work the
mistake of one ten-thousandth of an
inch may destroy the machine and
much Of our work has to be correct
even to the hundrcd-thousandth Of an
inch"
What does II cost your members to
belong to the association" ! asked.
THE dues are 70 cents a month. OF
which 40 cents goes to the National as
ISOLATION and IS cents 10 the lacal UNI
ion. Our system of bookkeeping Is
such that We Keep track Of every one
Of our members from month to month
and CAN tell II he has paid his dues
and Is IN good standing In case OF
strike or lockout, every such member,
II unmarried, receives IS a werl', and II
married. 81 week as long as the strike
continues. He gets the same amount II
he Is victimIzed"
what do you mean by vlctimlzed?"
I asked
"a yictimIzed man Is one who Is
discharged by his mployer without
cause or for e by the rules OF
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

" "a ASIllNGTON, y. c., March
!. !. !. !: !. :. !.
Y 3O.-I give YOU here inter-
u 4 views with two men who
u "A represent the most lnIelll-
VIM gent and most skilled me-
n N chanics OF the United
States Both are vice pres
ldents OF the American
Federation OF Labor and each Is the
leader Of national union Of skilled
Workmen whose members are TO DC
found i'm every business center. one Is
james O'Connell. the president OF the
international Association OF Machln-
isis. and the other James Duncan, the
secretary OF the National Union OF
Granite cutters. Each Of these men
had reacl 7d the top Of the trade ne
represents before he was elected as us
leader Each knows how to work with
his hands. and has done so for years at
the highest wages. Both are conserFa-
tive. diplomatic and practical They
understand their business ard can hold
their own in their meetings with the
great capitalists and representatives
OF trusts with whom they daily come
In contact to settle strikes or lockouts,
or 10 make trade agreements when
shall govern hours and wages for one
year or five, as the case may be.
| met President OConnell at the
headquarters OF the International AS
ISOLATION OF Machinists here IN Wash
lngton. They take up the greater part
OF the second floor Of the McGlll build
Ing, on q street, not far from the pat
ent office; and their business Is man
aged as carefully as that OF bank
or great mercantile establishment,
Two typewrlters were clicking away In
Mr.. O'Coinells office as | entered, and
they kept on clicking while we talked.
first asked az 10 just what the Inter-
national Association OF Machlnlsts was.
Mr.. O'Connell replied
"The International Association Of
Machinists has more than 10000 MEM
bers, and Il embraces about half of all
the men in the trade. II has local
unions scattered all over this coun-
try, Canada and Mexico, the largest
being In the chief manufacturing CEN
tiers, In Chicago there are about is
different unions, each of which sends
its delegates 10 a district union which
acts for that city We have large
number Of local unions in New York.
Boston and Plttsburg, and more or
less IN every manufacturing city Of
the south and west
what do you mean by machinists|'
"The word machinist as applied TO
our trade" said President OCOnnell,
represents the highest Intelligence and
the greatest skill among the men who
deal with machinery In our sense tho
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

the union We also pay death benefits
of from $50 to 5000, according TO the
length Of time the deceased has been In
the union.
I'VE take In and pay out several
hundred thousand dollars I'm money
every year, but our accounts are as
carefully managed as those Of bank
and our losses are comparatively much
less"
THE VOICE FROM THE GRANITE.
James Duncan the secretary and
treasurer of the Granite Cutters Ma
tional Union spent years IN cutting out
cemetery monuments, granite statutes
and building blocks before he was cho-
sen as the leader of the Granite Cut
ters' union. and he cells me he can make
more money today polishing granite
than by acting as the secretary of his
union. | asked him something about
the granite business OF the United
States. Said he;
THE granite industry represents hun
dreds Of milllo OF dollars. Its chief
center Is In New England, but 1t Is
carried on in nearly every part of the
country You will find our men at the
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

est Of machinery. even to the great
lathes which bore out the guns foI
our mcn-of-war The machines for
making bicycles, automobiles, type
writer's, sewing machines, and, In fact,
very kind OF machine and machine
tool, II the work OF the machinlst. Such
work requires great Intelligence and
skill. The man must be an inventor
as well as mechanic He has new
problems coming up with every Job,
and he has TO use his judgment in al
most every bit OF repairs which comes
before him"
How many such machinists are
there IN the country" asked.
There are all told about 10000 in
the United States.
THEY CONTROL THE TRADE.
Then / suppose II the union has
10000 members 1t practically controls
the trade?"
Yes, Il does, replied Mr.. O'Connell
Any organized body is as strong as 10
times the same number unorganized.
II there are 10 union men In shop
where 100 men are employed they will
do more as TO regulating the hours OF
non-unlon individuals We find this
the case all over the country"
What has your association done for
your trader" | asked
1T has benefited II In many ways"
replied President O'Connell I'VE have
reduced our hours from 10 to nine. Be-
fore 1900 the machlnists OF the United
states worked 10 hours or more, At
the beginning Of that year we notified
the employers that we should demand
nlne-and -one-half-hour day at the
end OF six months and the nine hour
day beginning with Jan. 1901. We car
ried our point We have gotten the
nlne-hOur day not on,y for our trade,
which, including those not belonging
to the union. numbers 10000 men, but
also for allied trades which number
10000 more"
How about wages? DO you get the
same for nine hours that you dd for
1902"
Eyes"
Does the association insist upon a
minimum wage?"
Yes; but the minimum wage varies
In different localities and Is settled for
each locality by an agreement with the
employers there In New York the low.
est wage Is 50 per day In some other
places II is $3.50 and 81. ANY employer
can pay as much more as he pleases
but he must pay the minimum or our
men viii not work for him.
NO PIECE WORK WANTED.
"Then you are not paid by the
plece?'
NO; our association Is against piece
work. We believe II contrary TO the in
terests Of the worklngnan. The en-
ployer viii say that such methods OF
payment give n greater chance for the
make more working by the piece than
by the day, but II Is not true, The sys-
TEN keeps every man up 10 high ten
sion. II makes him strain every nerve
to produce large output and when
the output increases the employer in
reduces the rate per piece. so
that the man finds he is working hard
en- and receiving less than under the
old day rate This Is a matter OF ex-
perience."
But does your association try 10 re-
strict the output"
mo, 1t does not" said Mr. O'Connell. !
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

Wages have risen ,e m the nine bon.
cheaper th nogSeI !, the pr Ss q y
"T6aft ' so, lower wages 1'''e' the lon,
Duncan IN, said i'd l. IKE a fairy story. n,
~ may sound M
reply but it Il "a ~ ,, 70 YOU was 81.
c ,YSS' You must reme uy stony neyenSe.
tiT n,a Is hard work. aoa mat sranI,'
.im 1 work that dem am, ana at the Sam,
and great accuracy ,''alas a high s.5
the ' lone Ds b i1es6 and not r qs o well %,
i i,etl were played out n" . approached IL
wa. or Try to saw b, "uu thcy bad h
four h bo m. aay Now they 'I D1, Tor 10 q.
the p o0u's IN the morning ~, IN Only
r@ma nU1h rest go In and So, 1Ad ate;
a ,ri'a ,er Of the day T Soik ior b.
men b"va interested l,ted in seeing 'ftgp s, g
~hean",r" 'e better tools. and wa, ,Slt u.
b nHaper or rougher ,yort 1"l mat Ii,
,o,noii AZ any rate, lbsy 5 . done y
teh'atlzed matters so iha u'y nave IS.
hour 5 5y', ,b or greater during an | 0'as.
d9v " S'y lnan II was In The r p% s' {ai
" o,,,,. u the past one Of ", (, 'l'ne'hoi'
ttt 5no at Barre. w. v iDy laig's
LOW OF our men have rs .ms,e about
outnut Wy , 'o,l me lhac not only b, va y
bo,,, net,n greater under H. nal ai
m mI uaN but that the cbar,c 'ns s,shl'
DO you think the tlmo ,.u
y %Ien ,, the eight'hour day WI MI S2la'
'u i, ior all classes Of our m ~ui o1 y.
90 W., replied James DuDcan" a' u,
~ Pm now IN many Of the tradas u :
VIII De more so as time Goes On aad i
WHAT 1T COSTS TO BE 4 rv,o.
MAN '''Vs
..M,aa' DOES 1t cost to belong "a =.
granite cutters" | asked " w
Inc Initiation fee is from % ou,
replied Secretary Duncan. T S, ~
ence Is made In accordance "a Sl, G''I'
standing Of the applicant toward i1 ~. w
niSed labor In the past. n a MaS ~
Deeii hghtlng US and asks 10 ;oin =
might be punished for the pas, i, :.
hlgh Initiation fee, but the ordIps,y...
Is unaer s., Apprentices nay oniy ~
What are your dues2" "
Ihey are now 10 cents a month";
How do you spend the money!
The most OF u goes to sumner, A,
people In case NJ strikes and lockow,
We pay our men when they sre an,
Of work on such accounts. and Nc ksc.
also a death benefit Of Sl95. One Of an,
members who died recently had Dina
the union only three weeks before h,
old mother was immediately pald n,
1925 TO which his death entitled hsr
AS to our strike and lockout funds =,
paid out an enormous amount dursf
the lockout of 1892. At that time y,
used up all the money we had IN n,
treasury and then issued promIS0y
notes to those who still held out, ara.
ing to pay them out Of the first mon,y
that came into the treasury. Thee
notes amounted 10 more than 'La8 |
II took us five years TO pay them, b.
we did It"
THE UNION AS AN INVEsTMENi
DO you think, Mr. Duncan, thaiA
members Of your union get the V9a
of their money!
81 certainly do replied secrliT
Duncan. "Thcre is no investment ny
world that has paid better than uais
Continued on page .wenly'hwl
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

quaries and in the shops Of almost eye.
~ city Their work, as In every GENE.
terry and their buildings everywhere
Nearly all the government, state and
municipal buildings are granite. The
slt0VoVO0 pennsylvania depot which is
about 10 be built here VIII he OF granite
and the greater part of the $50, 900 O00
worth Of public buildings, which they
have decided to put up In Washington
In the near future VIII be granite struc.
utres. We have many great granite
quarries, and the business of taking
out and preparing the stone Is a special
trade"
THE GRANITE CUTTERS.
But, Mr.. Duncan" said !. do not
the members of your trade cut other
stones than granlte?'
No was the reply. THE granite
cutter has trade of his own. There is
as much difference between him and tho
soft stone cutter as there IL between
the shoemaker and tailor. The soft
stone man shapes HIS work with chlsels
OF soft steel. which he pounds with a
wooden mallet He owns his own tools
and carries them from Job to job. The
granite cutter works with the finest
steel He uses a steel hammer. He
does not own his tools, and he is ready
to work with tools or machines as his
employer directs. All he asks is that
him employer keep TO his agreement
with the union giving him reasonable
hours and fair wages"
How many granite cutters are there,
Mr.. Duncan?"
I'VE have about 1900 In the United
States, and 81 per cent of these belong
to the Granite Cutters union"
THREE TO SIX DOLLARS A DAY.
And what wages do such men get,
Mr., Duncan"
According to our national agree.
ments with the employees, they now re.
ceiye a minimum wage Of from SO to
IS per day, according 10 the locality
where they work. The minimum wage
In New England Is SO, and men are paid
higher than that according to their
skill. In Butte CITY the lowest wage is
81 day. and In Helena, Great Falls and
Spokane s. day. In some other places
1t Is $3.50 and 81, but where the wages
NV 'hhh NhV ihoAlHluIi anu IHlllUlluIn
rates are about the same
THE EIGHT-HOUR DAY.
How about hours?" | asked.
I'VE have the eight-hour day all over
the United States" was the reply.
do you mean to say that the men
who cut granite In Butte city get Sc
for eight hours work."
"Yes, that Is just what ! mean" re-
piled Secretary Duncan. But wages
Of all sorts are high there AS for the
hours, we have been fighting for the
eight-hour day for long time We
tried 10 get II through Congress, and
are trying still. In 1897 we got tired
Of waiting, and we then notified our
employers that we should insist upon
the eight-hodr day beginning with the
spring of 1900. Before then only one
third OF our men were working eight
hours. Since then we have all had
that day, and that with increased profit
TO ourselves and our employers"
What do you mean by increased
profit, Dir. Duncan" ! asked.
II mean that the workman Is better
of and that the employer gets more
out Of his work In the eight hours than
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

Seventy Thousand Aiachinists and How T, = N~o
he'r raht AGAINST Man to One % The Trade
FOR oIr'kors and Vcms-rhe $4,000 Grant, ne-Beno
Receive FROM $4,000 $500 For an 8.lto, n Nufers WIZ
70 ne'ons 10 onion and How Has Paid over what Costs
fervievs With President OConneI of ,be Per cenI
and win Secretary Duncan ofihe National % Mah
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02

Continued on page .weniy'tvsl
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-04-02
BED ROOM SUIT.

OF three pieces, finished in oak and
highly polished Strongly made, In
cludes a Bed, Dresser and Wash-stand.
DO not overlook this bargain. We Of
fer II during conference week for
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1904-04-08
WAS TOWED INTO PORT.
A Disabled Steamship p Is Rescued After
Drifting for 25 Days.

New York, April 4.-The German
steamer Tenedos, which arrived Sun
day from the Black Sea and the Medi-
terranean, fell in with the disabled
Belgian steamer Clematis, on March
16, and towed her into Fayal. The
Clematis was bound from Antwerp
for Savannah in ballast and had been
drifting about for 25 days when the
Tenedos was sighted. The shaft was
broken and the stern tube was shat
tered. The after compartment was
full of water. Several ships had
passed the disabled craft, on the
decks of which fires were lighted to
attract attention, and although all
passed within few miles no atten-
ton was paid to the signals.
The crew of the Tenedos worked &c
hours in the ships boats in rough
seas to pass tow lines on board the
Clematis and several lines were
broken before they finally were Sc
cured. After towing the Clematis
625 miles they arrived safely at Fayal.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1904-04-08

Latest News of the
COmbatants i'm the
Far East Struggle
NEWS Hid BY CENSOR

London, April 5.-The Times cor
respondent at Che Foo, cabling under
date of April 4, says there was an
other bombardment of Port Arthur
April ), but that there are no authen-
tic details of the engagement avail
able.
Eight weeks from the opening of
the war sees Japan apparently in
complete possession of Korea and
the first stage of the campaign end
ed.
According to the Daily Mails Kobe,
Japan, correspondent, who tele-
graphs under date of April 4, a Ping
Yang dispatch has been received
there confirming the report from
Shanghai that Japanese scouts en-
tered VIII, Korea, Monday, and that
the Russians apparently retreated
beyond the Galu river. but no further
news of any kind is to hand throwing
light on either land or sea opera
tions. Everything, however, is re-
garded as pointing to the immihence
of important Developments.
st. Petersburg, April 5.--As the
time approaches for the opening of
land operations on large scale, the
ilC tNtICISlllS
greater vigilance to prevent the news
of their plans for the movement of
troops in the theatre of war from
going abroad where it might be of
service to the enemy. For ten days
not scrap of real information has
been given out or has come from the
front.
Secrets regarding what is actually
happening are being well kept. 1t is
as if an impenetrable curtain had
suddenly been rung down on the
stage of the war in East Asia. Be
hind this curtain the greatest activ-
ity prevails. Gen. Kuropatllin at his
temporary headquarters in Lao
Yang is directing the execution of his
plans. moving the tsoops, strengthen
ing the positions selected. perfecting
the hospital service and otherwise
looking after the wants of the army.
Gen. Kuropatkin's plan of cam
paign is in the keeping of those who
will betray nothing. Only the barest
outlines are known. That the gen.
erals plan of campaign involves the
playing of a waiting game until the
disposition of the army has been
completed can be stated with posi-
tiveness. 1t can also be stated that
these plans are progressing even
more rapidly than expected.
Che Foo, April 5.-The first steam
er has arrived from Chemulpo and
from the passengers it was learned
that the last contingent of Japan's
first army landed in Korea March 20.
The army consists of $4,000 men. in
Guiding coolie' carriers. Japan has
made Aniu a frontal base, and has
bridged the Chen Cheng, PAX Chen
and PAX Chen rivers and is ready to
advance by three roads to the Yalu
river.