davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

Call for Congressional Convention
A convention OF the Republican
party of the First congressional dis
trict of the state of Oregon is hereby
called to meet in Salem, Ore, Wednes.
day April 1S, at II a. m, for the pur'
pose Of nominating one representa-
tive for congress and to transact such
other business as may properly come
before the convention.
The convention will consist OF 1T
delegates, apportioned among the sew.
-eral counties Of the district as fol.
lows, towit: Benton, z; Clackamas
IS; Coos, 8; Curry, 8; Douglas. IA;
Jackson, 12; Josephine, 7; klamath
a; Lake. 4; Lane, 10; Lincoln, 8;
Linn, IA; Marion, 90; Polk, Q; Tilla-
nook, 8; Washington, 13; Yamhill
Il. Total. 1T.
The same being one delegate-at.
large for each county, one for every
$50 votes cast for Judge Bean on the
last general election, and one for every
fraction of 15O larger than 100.
That the work Of the convention
may be expedited as much as possible
the committee suggests that the chair
men and secretaries OF the several
county conventions certify TO the list
of delegates elected by their county
conventions 10 this congressional con
vontion and mail them at once TO Cur
It's b. Winn. secretary congressional
committee. Albany, Ore.
Delegates or others in attendance
at the convention may secure a rate
OF one and one-third fares for the
round trip on the Southern Pacific and
the Corvallis & Eastern railways by
paying full fare TO Salem. taking a
receipt for fare paid from the ticket
agent and having same properly certi-
fed by the secretary Of the cenyen'
ton. r. w. HARRIS,
Chairman Congressional Committee.
CURTIS b. WINN, Secretary.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
PoRTLANp MARKET.

PORTLAND MARKET.
Wheat-Walla Walla. 75c.
Valley-S1982c.
Flour-Portland, best grade. $1,000
1895; graham. $S.5O@$3.9O
Oats-Choice White. $1.171k@S1.20.
Barley-Feed, S2l@s22. per ton;
rolled S24QS25.
Millstuff-Bran. S1s@819,
Hay-Timothy. &l50&17.
PotatOes-Common, 6O4s0c.
Eggs-OregOn ranch, 15c.
Poultry-Chickens, mixed, 12k@13
per pound; turkeys, 15@16c,
Pork-Dressed, 707hc.
Beef-Dressed, sore.
Veal-.-80shc.
Hops-24Q26c.
Wool - Valley, 1701se; Eastern
Oregon, 12015c; MOhair. s20S5c.
Hldes-dry, 16 pounds and upwards.
15015ke.
ButterJ-FAney creamery, 27h 0Soc
dairy and store. nominal
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
STATE
LANDS
EXEMPT
Where Title Is Still in the
State, and Oily PartOf Pur-
chase Price Is Paid, Taxes
Cannot Be Collected

A decision of considerable import.
ance to purchasers of state farms,
acquired by the state land board deed
or foreclosure was rendered by Attor.
ney.General Crawford yesterday af-
ternoon, at the request of Chief Clerk
G. G. Brown of the board. The ques.
tion asked by Mr.. Brown was as to
the right of the county to collect
taxes on properties of this kind,
where these had been sold to private
parties on the certificate plan, but
still stood in the name Of the state.
The attorney-generab in responding
TO the inquiry, says:
Relative to your inquiry of the
oath inst, as to whether lands to
which the state has acquired title
through foreclosure proceedings and
then resold, receiving a part Of the
purchase price in cash and given
certificate of purchase to the pur-
chaser, promising a deed as soon as
the balance is paid, are assesible,
permit me to say that in my opinion
they are not until the full purchase
price is paid. Section 3OS7 B. & c.
Code provides that all property, real
and personal, within this state, not
expressly exempted therefrom shall
be subject to taxation in the manner
provided by law. All property, real
and personal, of the United States
and this state is exempt from taxa.
tion Uaws Of 1903, page 216.) If
exempt from taxation It is also ex-
empt from assessment for purposes
of taxation. II the statute read that
all public property or all property
used for public purposes should be
exempt from taxation the lands con.
tracted to be sold might be assessed,
not being for any public purpose, but
our statute reads that all property OF
the state shall be exempt There.
fore the question is whether II is the
property of the state. The rule as to
government land is that when pur-
chaser from the United States, a
grant claimant, homesteader or
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
Sale Of City Bonds.

The City Of Salem Oregon. will re-
ceive subscriptions for the purchase
Of $4,000 OF its Municipal Four Per
Cent Refunding Bridge Bonds. to be
issued on the first day of April. 1904.
The subscription book will be opened
at 10 o'clock a m. on Tuesday
March 1, 1904, at the ONCE of the
city recorder, in said city and will be
closed at 10 o'clock a. M, March 20.
1904. The sale OF said bonds will be
upon the popular lean plan, the les
ser subscriptions being filled first
and those next highest in due Sc
quence. n ]. JUDAH,
City Recorder
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

Gallant old Admiral Cervera might
give the Russians a pointer or two
on the dangers that ensue by staying
in, and the disasters that follow by
coming out-Cincinnati Commercial.
Possibly Mr.. Machen wept when he
was convicted of postal frauds in
Washington the other day, because
he had not taken a change Of venue
to Missouri.-Kansas City Star.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
SURE Cure for piles.

Itching Piles produce moisture and
cause itching, this form, as we'll as
Bling, Bleeding or Protruding Piles
are cured by Dr. Bo-sen-kos Pile
Remedy. Stops itching and bleeding.
Absorbs tumors. soc a jar at drug.
gists, or sent by mail. Treaties free.
Write me about your case. DR.. Bo-
sanko, Phila., Pa.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

It might be we'll for France to re.
strain her martial ardor and to bear
1t in mind that when she begins to
move something will begin to drop
Cincinnati Commercial Tribune
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

The percentage of illiterate popula-
tion in Russia is very great But
there is not much in the Russian
newspapers that is calculated TO
cheer the average citizen, anyhow
Washington Star
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
A Ministers MIa,,k..

A city minister was recently handed
a notice to be read from his pulpit.
Accompanying It was clipping from
newspaper bearing upon the matter
The clergyman started to read the ex.
tract and found that IL began: Take
Kemp's Balsam, the best Cough Cure"
This was hardly what henad expected,
and, after a moments hesitation, he
turned II over and found on the other
side the matter intended for reading. 3
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.

Or. I. w. starr-ofice in Bush q BroV
building, over Oregon Shoe Store.
Office hours, 0 to 10 a. m. ana 2 tn
5 p. m. Calls attended in city o.
country. Residence phone 296u
Red. 1-5-tf
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

q a - r O EZ \ "a.
se.y III. lhe kind Ylu Haze kiN2ys RoagR
L% %zTZzZZl
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

The White House
Can give you good meal any hour
OF the day or night.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
Hon Market

Hop Market
Hops-19@25c.
Potatoes, Vegetables, Etc.
Potatoes-45c.
onions-11ac.
Dried Fruits.
Peaches-10c.
Apricots-10c.
Apples-10c.
Petite prunes-4c.
Italian prunes--5c.
Wood, Pence Posts, Ets.
Second growth-$5.50.
ARh-SS.OO to SS.75.
Grub oak-$65O.
Cedar posts-12hc.
HIdes, PeIts ard F1ra. .
Green Hides, No. 1-Sc.
Green Hides, No. 2-4c.
Calf Skins-4@5c.
Sheep-76c.
Goat Skins-26c to s1.se.
Grain and Flour
Wheat, Salem FIGURING Mills, ex
port value, 72c.
oats-$1.10 per cwt.
Barley-$19.50 per ton.
Flour-Wholesale. 3.75.
Live Stock Market
Steers-SA 4Shc.
Cows-3c.
Sheep-3c.
Dressed veal-7c.
Dressed hogs-6Ac.
Live hogs-5Ac.
Mutton-2kc per pound.
Hay, Feed. EeA
Baled cheat--$10.
Baled clover-$10.
Bran--$21.
Shorts-S22.
Creamery ana Daily Products.
Good dairy butter-2O025c.
Creamery butter-271sc.
Cream-BeparafO skimmSd. at
,om. Creamery. 27hc, net.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

Or. w. 8. Mott-Will hereafter be
found in the Brey block, 275M Con
mercial street, over Oregon BhoB
Co. once telephone, 1891; resb
dence phone, R7b1, once hours Z
to IL. and 2 to &. .
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
CLASSIFIED
WANTED.

Wanted.--The Willamette Hotel
wants one waitress, one girl or wo-
man that can wait on table or DO
chamber work. one pantry girl.
These are steady jobs, and the lady
that applied for her sister a few
days ago to work In pantry, will
please call at hotel Immediately.
S-15-tf
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
YOUR BEST GIRL.

Can tell when your laundry is
right. She will notice It II II is
not done up we'll quicker than
you are likely to. If you want
to make your best appearance
always before your best girl you
should have your work done at
the Salem Steam Laundry, be-
cause here everything is done
carefully, and your shirts, col
lars and cuffs are always right.
Orders left at the Kutch Barber
shop will receive prompt atten-
tion.
Salem Steam La0ndrY
Colonel ]. Olmsted, Prop.
Dorus d. Olmsted, Man.
Phone All 230 Liberty ST.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

Capital City Mills Quotations.
Bryant & PennelI, Props.
Wheat-77c.
Buckwheat-80o
Poultry-st steIner's Market.
Chickens-S@10c.
Eggs-Per dozen, 12iac.
Turkeys--12@14c.
Ducks-10c.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
MISCELLANEOUS.


o. X. orubber and stump Puller--
Beats them all. Three state preml-
ums. One horse equal TO 80 in
power; grubs an acre a day; moves
houses; hauls logs to mill; pulls
down trees, James Finney, Brooks,
Marion county, Oregon. 3-14-lwk'
Hop-pIekers-Join Hop-pickers' Asso-
clation. Annual dues. 25 cents a
year in advance. Subscription 10
Hop-picker included TO members.
Oregon Hop-picker. Room 7. Ham
ilton building, Portland. Oregon
S-I2-1m
MoleTs Barber coIlese-of Salt Lake
City, offers advantages 81 teaching
the trade that cannot be had else.
where. Avoid schools the Oregon,
and California BARRIERS new laws
are apt to close at any time. Write
today for our special offer 10 dis.
tant students. 3-8-1m'
NotIee.-PeTsons Wishing work done
In the /. o. o. F. cemetery apply TO
the sexton, N. Rosenbaum. corner OF
Wilson and Rock streets. Phone
2O7G Black. s-4-1ms
say-HaVe you tried EDWARDS q Lusch.
er's for meats. We have the best
sausage in town. Come aud try II,
and be convinced. 40 East State
street
Salem Truck and Dray co.-oldest
and best equipped company In sa,
lem. Piano ard furniture moving
a speciality once phone, SCI. w.
W. Brown & Son, proprietor. once
No so State street 9l-lm
Dr. z. NJ Parvln-At 297 Commercial
street. upstairs Singing school
Rudimental and sight reading class
es. Begins Wednesday evening. oc
tober 14th. Glass every Wednes
day evening TO May 1st. next. TUT
tion. 800.
Unique Cleaning ROoms--c. a. John !
son, successor 70 Shaw q Johnson,
the cleaners, 40 now located AZ 20o
Commercial street He does q gen
eral pressing and repairing bust
ness. specialties; Skirts. EiIk
waists. Kid gloves. gents clothing
etc. Phone 26l4 6-1s-iyT
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
ToNsoRIAL ANp nArHa.

Evan's Barber ehop-Only frstclasl
shop on State street. Every thine
new and up-toLate. Finest poroO'
lain baths. Shave, 1Bc, hair-cut aBa
baths, 25c. Two nrst-class bO0l
blacks. @. w. Evans. proprietor
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

Or. n. n. seoVelI, osteopath and eu0-
gestionist-Treats chronic disorders
Of the stomach, bowels. liver. kid
neys; nervous and female diseases.
lung and throat troubles D'ATcy
Bldg, state st. Main 1855.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16
osTEoPATHs.

prs. NJ. T. sohoettle, Frank J. Barr
and Anna NJ Barr. DIR. Leila Mae
Thomas. assistant specialist in 70
male diseases; seven years expert
ence in confinement cases. Consul
tation free. DR.. w. II. Thomas, as
sistant specialist In renal calcull.
gall stones, stomach troubles, con
supation and dislocations. All
graduates OF the founders school
once hours, 10 8, I. o. o. Y. tenn
pie. Phone 1921 Main; residence
phone, 26O3 Red.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1904-03-16

say-Haye you tried Edwards a Lusch.
er's for meats. We have the best
sausage in town. Come and try II,
and be convinced. 40 East State
street
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-27
MUSICAL NOTES.

Music lovers VIII be glad to know that
Mr.. DAM has fully decided to continue
his series Of symphony orchestra concerts
next fall and winter. There is no other
form of musical entertainment which
gives such an effect Of substantially to the
musical season as a series of orchestral
concerts, and this winter Mr.. Danz most
satisfactorily demonstrated his ability to
arrange programmes that conveyed pleas
ure to. audiences of varied tastes and Of
different degrees of culture. This mat
ter of the making of programmes de-
mands time and thought and study and
a wide knowledge of the needs and the
tastes of the people. The successful CEN
ducter of a series of public orchestral
concerts must be a good programme
maker, and fortunately for st. Paul Mr..
DAM possesses this necessary quality.
The success of the series just concluded
is evidenced by the demand that is al
ready being made for subscription seats
for next winters series.
The choir of st. Luke's Catholic church
under the direction of Mr. Bruenner, will
sing today palm Sunday Palestrina' s
"Missa Breyis." This service is espe-
cially interesting on account of Pope
Plus recent decree concerning church
music, for Pierluigi da Palestrina is the
most celebrated composer Of the So
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-27

cross the Atlantic, and the publicity Of
a steamship would be most distasteful.
Prince Albert, who has already been
to America, and who brought away the
best possible impression, is delighted
at the prospect of revisiting tie coun-
try.
There are two classes Of London folk
who are making a good thing out Of
the more than ever prevalent craze for
gambling at bridge-the first of these
being those who play the game ex-
pertly, and the second, those who teach
it. Quite number of professors" Of
bridge have started business in the
fashionable part of town, and, as they
charge high fees-usually So an hour
and have now, at least, no lack of pu--
pills, must be coming money. One OF
these self appointed instructors de-
cIared the other day that the fashion
able game could not be taught cheaply
by one dependent upon his earnings.
Bridge is a life study" he explained.
"and 1t would not be worth while for
anyone who possessed a real insight
into the game to charge less than So
an hour. 1t would pay him better to
stroll down to the club every night and
take hand at the usual stakes"
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-27

dollars is tidy bill for household ex-
penses during three years, and when
one learns of $4,000 lent to friends,
$4,000 spent in furniture, $4,000 on
dress and toilet accessories and $475
for flowers" it seems no wonder that
Lord Rosslyns mother, the dowager
duchess, who made these disburse-
ments, is in the bankruptcy court. Es-
pecially as this summary takes no ac-
count whatever of the $4,000, which
the aristocratic widow lost on the
Stock Exchange or Of the $145,000 Of
which South African speculation re-
lieved her. When her ladyship's
amended statement Of affairs was fill
ed the other day, it showed a total in
debtedness of $483,325, the countess
assets amounting to only 100000. Her
ladyship is ill at present and her pub
lie examination has been postponed
until the middle of April.
I learn privately from Brussels that
Prince Albert of Belgium probably will
go to the st. Louis exhibition instead
of the king, who, in the first place, finds
1t difficult to leave his kingdom at a
moment of such general political per-
turbation, while. in the second place,
his yacht is not powerful enough to
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-27

Evening
P 6resn sooMRercease;, aoa Bisl
3na{hem@"o Lord, Our Governor
Postlude- Fugue in major j. S. Bach
Herbert Foster Sprague, Organist and
Choirmaster.
The following music will be sung today
at the Park Congregational church:
Organ Prelude-Processiona March
Mrs. Heatherington.
Anthem Jerusalem" ........... Parker
Choir.
Response-"At Thine Altar" -. .Hanscome
Choir.
Offertory solo-"The Palms" 49,. .Faure
Miss Lindsey.
Organ Postlude The Lost Chord
Mrs. Heatherington.
Organ Prelude2"H allelujah Chorus
Qrom "The Messiah .:...... Handel
Mrs. Heatherington.
solo-'He Was Despised" (from 'The
Mrs Gere.
Oratorio-"The Crucifixion" ...... stainer
Chorus Of eight voices. Solos by Mr..
Woodwork and Mr.. Metcaf.
Miss Lindsey.
Today at the Peoples church the order
of services will be as follows:
Morning, 1890
Organ-C Choral Prelude III. Deshayes
Anthem-"Give Unto the Lord :
ofertory solo-"The Palms, ~. Faure
Organ-Sanctous ......... Gounod- Morse
Earl Wetherbee.
Evening, 7:45-
organ-Prelude (B minor ....F. Chopin
Intermezzo ........ &c. Bizet
Adagio ID majorl :.;... H. Smart
Anthem-"Turn Ye Unto Me-
J. A Butterfleld
offertory Anthem-"When Power Di-
organ-Maestoso lfrom sonata - su
F. Mendelssolln
Next Sunday, Easter day. the regular
choir of the church viii be assisted by
an augmented choir, together with harp
and violin at both services In the even
ing Rogers new Easter cantata, 1.-THE
New Life" for solo, chorus and organ,
will be given
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-27
Society
Continued From Seventeenth Page.

entertained the Afternoon Card club last
Thursday afternoon. Prizes were won by
Mrs. c. w. Moore and Mrs. Clarence
Lothman.
w. c. LIE Hane and family, of Dewey
avenue, will leave the first of the month
for Beatrice. Neb.
Mrs. Knoblach,. of Emmetsberg, Iowa,
IS the guest of Mrs. F. D. Mclaughlin,
Of Iglehart street.
S. A. Anderson and family, of st. Paul,
will occupy the new Frisk residence on
Marshall avenue.
Mrs. P. c. Koerner and daughter
Katherine. of Carroll street, are visiting
in Litchfield
Mrs. J. H. Dewart, of Carroll street. has
returned from two months visit in
Boston.
Mrs. E. G. Leech, of Mayville, N. D.,
is visiting Mrs. e. G. Perry, of Rondo
street.
Mrs. 1. G. Andrews, Carroll street, has
returned from visit in West Liberty
Iowa
The Misses simons of Carroll street,
entertained at dinner Tuesday evening.
Mrs. D. A. Mathews. of Carroll street,
is visiting in Omaha, Neb.
Miss Rose Keller, of Iglehart street, is
visiting in Dundas, MINI.
Mrs. A. H. Rogers, Iglehart street, Wis
tied in Hastings Friday.
The twelve women composing the Sou
venir club were entertained by Mrs.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-27

empire became divided in twain, the
eastern half having it's capital at Con-
stantinople. The western empire fell
before the barbarians, and became d.
v1ded into many little kingdoms, speak
ing many languages and having a chaos
of chronologies.
Then there. came to be felt q real
need for an International system of
dates. Since the various nations had
belonged to the empire in the days Of
its glory, 1t would be most convenient
that they should all remember their
years from the time when the empire
began. Any year in the reign of Au-
gustus would do.
Such a scheme was planned in the
sixth century, and speedily met with
favor. Singularly, however, the plan
took religious form. for it originated
with a Christian scholar, whose mind
was far more concerned with matters
relating to the church than with Sec
ular affairs. 'is -aa
Dionysius was his name; and, since
there were many others of the same
name, he was distinguished by the cog
nomen EXiguus.
To man of his religious feeling,
there was no event in all history to be
compared in importance to the birth
of the founder of his faith-the birth
of Jesus of Nazareth, with all that
this implied of His life and death and
resurrection. Dionysius Exiguus knew
that Jesus was born in the time of
Augustus. He fixed the year as care
fully as he could, and sought to re-
arrange the dates of the world for the
past five and half centuries with
reference to 1T. This was not an easy
task. But 1t was accomplished in
time, and the Encouragement has never
been changed. Justinian was at the
head of the Eastern empire. The pope,
or bishop Of Rome, was rapidly rising
in power. Gregory the Great succeed
ed to the chair before the century
closed. These great reigns fixed the
chronology to endure forever.
Critics have found that there was an
error of four years in the calculation
of Dionysius. To endeavor to correct
this error would involve vast labor
and perhaps inextricable confusion. 1t
is better to let 1t remain and to adj
just the matter by saying that Jesus
Christ was born in the year B. G.
This Is the accepted statement of the
time of His birth in the history and
criticism of today. And thus we have
for the year 1 a singularly blank pic
ture of the time when the founder of
the Christian religion was a child of
four years at the remote town of
Nazareth, all unknown to the great
world; a year when the world was
at rest. It was the hush before the
storm of great events.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1904-03-27
THE YEAR |.
NAIHAT occurred in the year /? Does
BY HUBERT M. SKINNER.

| MiHAT occurred in the year 1? Does
w anybody know? Ask some care
| full student of history if he knows of g
single event of that year.
| 1t is remarkable that the first year
| of our chronology should be practically
| a blank, since the world at that time
boosted the highest civilization that
! had ever been known All the lands
and peoples that were deemed civilized
and some that were very doubtful
| were then united under one vast gov
| eminent, which had it's seat at Rome
the great world capital. All the north
ern shores of the Mediterranean, to-
gether with Western Asia and the
| northern shores of Africa, had been
successfully added to the Roman re-
public. One man had secured COM
plete mastery of the republic, and had
changed 1t, cautiously and gradually
! into. an empire. The old forms of the
republic were retained, and many did
not realize fully the extent of the
change. Augustus was an enlightened
and amiable ruler, and the world has
called his reign the golden age.
The year found the world at peace.
Four years earlier, a great event had
happened. The Germans, who had long
resisted the Roman arms. appeared to
have grown weary of fighting, and to
be willing to unite with the empire.
Then 1t was that the temple Of Janus
at Romeliwas closed, for the first time
in centuries, in recognition of the uni
versaI peace.
Art and literature, education, COM
merce and the varied Industries of the
worlds production flourished in the
year 1. The Mediterranean was whit
ened with sails in every part. The
world was busy, happy and gay.
Happy is the nation whose history is
dull" says the proverb. Singularly is
this shown in the year 1, the golden
age, when nothing occurred to make a
record worth while.
1t is a singular fact that no one then
living in the world knew that it was
the year 1, or that it would ever be
so reckoned. There was nothing that
could have caused any one to enter
tain SO wild an idea. It was the year
753 of the Romans, who dated it from
the supposed year when their great
city was founded.
No one in the entire century which
followed knew that it was the first
century, or that 1t was to be so de-
nominated in after times; nor did any
one in the next century, or in the next
More than five centuries passed away
and saw great changes. The Roman