davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10
The New Army War College and Its Real Purpose;
Not an ACtua! College, but School 10 Train Officers

tables In adjoining rooms The object
is to keep the commanding officer and
his associates on one side from seeing
what the other side IS doing. The
pieces representing bodies of troops,
companies or regiments, are Of wood
or porcelain, and they are pushed
over the map when moves are made,
Sometimes II takes several days to play
a single game, and It is conducted In
absolute silence, with an occasional
break for explanation or suggestion.
At the War college the campaigns Of
the civil war win be fought over again
In detail For example, the conditions
existing n week before the battle Of
Shiloh viii be given as a problem, and
the students VIII be expected to answer
the question, What then?
The War college existed on paper as
far back as 1901. Il was not until the
summer of 1908 that the college took
definite shape. II then became, as II
were a part OF the body OF the third d.
vision Of the general stan. This third
division meets from time to time as the
War college, and It has on such occa-
sions General Tasker II. Bliss for pres
ident and Major Samuel Rober for sec
rotary The precise relations between
the general staff and the War college
are reported TO be a puzzle TO nine out
Of every ten officers in the army 10
civilians the purpose Of the War college
seems to be clearly defined II Is the
business of the college to study the
larger problems OF military science. to
devise war plans and TO train officers
In the practical duties OF their profess
sion. The United States does not find
II expedient to r'ointam large stand
ing army, and sase Of war IL must
depend largely n volunteer troops,
II is not enough therefore, TO train a
captain to be a good captain; It Is nee
essary to prepare him for the increased
responsibility which is so likely TO fall
TO his lot,
According 10 the governments plans
for the establishment OF the War coll
lege, about fifty buildings viii be erect.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

cd on the chosen site wh,,s
property known as the obarracl. 20 'n'
walton" a point Of land bet,o.. ,e'eI'
Potomac river and its eastern h,.. 'l'
near the capital About forts ~ s', ,A
buildings are now under cops,.,.' 'n'
and the remainder VIII be begun S r,,,,l
a Few months. The largest Of M. s''ul
lures which win contain tbo 'Uu''
rooms Will be 800 feet In lenst, ,,, S'asl
feet In width and win consist ' ", lV
stories ana basement. In ai5l,Js '.'
the college class rooms proper tb.,' y
to be erected quarters for tba om .a'
quartermasters stores. barr,,J. '''A
numerous other buildings Cor.' aus
has appropriated 81 100000 for tbt ~, NJ.
provement Of the grounds and tbo y, .l ''u'
tion Of buildings, and il As beIieya5' ,,'
sum considerably IN excess NJ 0 oa
amount win be needed to carry on, WAY ,,,
original plans '' 'u'
The new college is also 10 bo r,,a..,.
repository for the vast ouen,I,l'. w
il'll.uly uala gathered by the attacb,,
OF United states embassies and w
lions. The slxty-nne acres ror, ,'e"
Ing the original Washington barg,. I,
became a military post as Ions ss.
1903 a regular depot Tor miltarr s,'
plies located there was burned by n.y.
British In 1914. In the grounds o, "'
was the old United States pep1en0sa'
under the floors Of which vera bnr,s
the bodies Of John wilkes Booth oat
Mrs. Surratt with the others who v'...
hanged In the Lincoln asyasslnoW,'
tragedy When the prison WAS ,o..
down the bodies were removed Ia orSa
localities. V''''
The necessity for ample and tborons.
instruction OF army officers becow,,
evident when the fact is recalled ,s,,
among LIS lleutenants commlssloe.i
since the Spanlsh-AmerIcan war o,.
216 have been educated at West Pain,
GIG having been appointed from m,
volunteer service, 4ll promoted f,o~
the ranks and Jl2 having been drovr
from civil life,
TRUMAN Z, ELTON
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

of Boston desired to learn sometime
about It and applied TO the Harya.3
faculty. They were promptly irIoIln,'
tblt no means with which TO- max
mltablc observations were al h'l"
This resulted In a meeting of Che CIV.
zens and the raising of sufficient NOW
10 buy telescope. y site was w
chased and ground was broken Tor u'
drst observatory ON Aug lN iHt .
Three years later the instrument NlD.
had been ordered made in GERMANY. ., W.,
received. and the taking OF oDSe' ''''''
was Immediately begun she
The FIRST important discovery lI'u'
the new scientific venture was W
eighth satellite Of Saturn 10 was s',
win this instrument which naa
twenty-thrce foot focal length elu ~
aperture Of fifteen inches, tha .., .us "''
STAR was photographed william -
Bond was director OF the oD'e''a '.',,J
for nineteen years. He was suc'e' wv
by his son, George =. Bond WIZ Nv, ,i,s
nj the expiration Of six years 'e ,,,,.1
The observatory in excellent 'o ,lyl'.,o,
Joseph Winlock was the third alre .,,.5
lie served nine years and l1aus ,.,,,,,sj
the system " time signals 'I' ...,ors Of
electrically TO the railway cell.g, ', n
New England. This was the sou , nv
considerable revenue TO The scn@ @..,,.o.
this time large gifts and bensla o, me-
began to come IN, and the scope y To
obseryatory was greatly eniaIg'u' ,,srs
10 date observatory buildlhs', ,,rg.
erected and the most modern ", INST. s,s.
n,ents were secured. ENpeflll',g.'..,.aSio on
lions we're established In Col9I ooo ,e,t
points varying from 5000 to IDS, lhu5s h
IN height. An annex was OUNCE a IN
California and another N .r.s s,u
south America IN fact 'ha u,a.'o,,oslcsl
Instituted the loftiest mel'o " NIti
station In the world, that y, a,a = fsst ID
nm extinct volcano over lo,v ,,.,ira ar
height. The buildings at A!v'
complete in every way ,,pToW.
CLAIMING A. BAHi'
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

face. TO achieve that felicity one would
have 10 be provided with forty inch
telescope, and instruments Of such adj
mirable Arslghteduess are not yet a
drug In the market. When Il is neces-
sary TO know where she IS and what she
is doing a photograph Is taken, and TO
The experienced and farseclng special
Isl she then appears ON the plate with
an the well defined certainty of a pin
point.
Accurately described, Phoebe Is a
small moon, forever IN a tremendous
hurry, travelling at a speed OF 100 600
miles q day, or rather more than sixty
miles minute, She Was discovered by
accident. II was while examining some
Photographic plates at the Harvard OBJ
seryatory annex az Arequipa, Peru, that
Professor Pickering first came upon
her After that, batch after batch OF
photographs OF Saturn failed to contain
the newcomer. and no data could be Sc
cured Later he obtained evidence suf-
flcient to convince him that he had not
been dreaming, Last summer Phoebe
was not SO chary Of her fayors, Be
tween April l6 and June Professor
Frost secured no less than eleven pho
tographic plates showing the satellite
distinctly. All Of the successful photo
graphs Of the little moon have been
taken by the great Bruce Photographic
telescope at the Harvard Arequipa OBJ
seryatory.
Active measures for The establishment
Of an observatory at Harvard were taxi
en- as early as 1915. In that year a
committee was appointed TO consider
the subject. and director WIS empow-
cred TO Visit Europe and examine into
the matter Of instruments and the con-
struction Of observatorles, He made a
report, but nothing was done until 1889,
when the government turned over some
instruments which had come into It's
possession TO the Harvard trustees. In
the spring Of lS4S great comet APP
peared IN the heavens. The inhabitants
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

incident TO the ebb and now Of the tide
Of prosperity II must also be remem-
bered that as final necessity Japan
could effect so large q mobilization that
a corresponding increase In her war ex-
penses would be a natural consequence.
u IL an indisputable evidence OF the
wisdom which dominates japanese af-
fairs that there has thus far arisen no
necessity 10 establish any considerable
portion Of this reserve on war foot
ing making possible a further economy
As the wise fnanciers OF Tokyo have
arranged 1t there Is in reserve a great
host Of men who are soldiers IN every
respect except the important item Of
national maintenance. Another enor-
nous saving has been brought about In
the heretofore costly problem OF trans
portatlon one OF the most efficient
systems Of transport ever devised by
the ingenuity OF man is the practically
volunteer human corps Of burden bear
ers organized by the Japanese war de-
partment II costs nothing beyond It's
rations, for It's wages are absurdly in
iinltesimal.
Every cody employed by Russia In
Manchurla demands pay, and war pay
at that. When an army depends largely
upon the good win Of the native popu-
latlon Of neutral country It cannot re-
sort TO compulsory lebor, and II cannot
AFFORD to minimize the cost OF the labor
which It must obtain For this reason
Russia's expense account win be vastly
larger than that Of her economical enc
my It is true that the Transsiberlan
railway is a government undertaking.
but It is none the less expensive on that
account. As matters have arranged
themselves It has thus far proved TO be
the most costly ana burdensome means
of transportation ever employed by any
government The mobilization Of the
Baltic squadron was effected at an UNI
precedented expense. To expedite the
work vast bonuses were paid and
workmen were offered double wages for
! increased effort
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

fs~wr'e,' '.HsssA HE new Army War col-
!. !. !. !. !. !. !. 4. !.
4Alll4.sD lege, which was OPEN
TNAR ed for the reception Of
K pupils on Nov I, is
the realization Of an
W idea long cherished by
lTrmHrrrln military men, Liber-
ally construed, this
now training system IS postgraduate
,oprso for commissioned officers of The
regular army mp to and including the
rank OF colonel Pending the con-
slructlon Of the noble buildings deslgn-
ed las q home for this latest novelty
among educational Institutions when
are gradually assuming shape ON the
Grounds of the arsenal barracks at
washington. the college VIII be housed
an lhe building used by the president
during the repairs made at the White
House.
The War college represents so novel
departure 10 military practice That
even military men have O. rather navy
notion of IFS character and purpose
strictly speaking, of course, 1t Is not a
college at all. especially In the academic
sense. Il is designed toadord certain
class Of military men an opportunity to
study war problems. The object Us not
so much 10 impart instruction as IT Is
10 apply the knowledge already gained
at West Point and other military
schools To practical use Hypothetical
campaigns win be fought and much at
tentlon will be given to the game OF
war. which affords Am excellent oppor'
mnlty to work out strategic and tacti-
cal points,
It will be tho most important duty OF
the War college TO prepare plans for the
national defense. I'm this age of sclen-
tnc warfare the fighting branch of the
government must be prepared at all
times for any possible contingency In
the ease Of hostiIites breaking out with
any country the chief Of staff should be
able TO produce at once from us proper
receptaclea plan Of campaign completein
lts every detail. The whole scheme must
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

Unlike Japan which is a model OF ma
tional loyalty and is inspired by a sim
gle purpose, Russia is compelled to
maintain an army nj home and in her
provinces which must al
ways be the duplicate IN size and eff
cheney Of the army sent to Asia. only
last summer the car ordered the crea-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

ton Of ten reserve divisions 100000
men, to supply the places Of the garri-
son troops sent to the east It Is not
necessary TO multiply instances Of Rus
sia's great nforiority to her resolute
antagonist I'm the matter OF economical
war administration. Conservative ex-
pert opinion places the present war ex-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

be I'm readiness TO move at the touch Of
an electric button There VIII be in
formal lectures on important situations
that may be suggested and discussions
Of questions relating TO military road
making, the building and destruction of
bridges, transportation by land and by
water, supply trains, etc II the invest
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

enough that the financial ability or as
ability OF one nation is a matter Of con-
sequence to the people Of all other ma
lions.
I'm the case Of Japan considerations of
finance have from the first been ac-
corded Az close attention as was The
mobilization OF the army or any OF the
other essential preiminarles of the
campaign. IN military activity iron
without gold is inert and falls power
less Of lis own weight. It requires the
potent stimulation OF the precious met
al to give Il life and the power to act
IL is beginning 70 be understood how
well Japan has prepared herself 10 en-
dure a protracted struggle not only by
an intelligent disposition Of her army
and navy, but also by the most clever
manipulation of financial resources ever
known TO the treasury experts Of any
country
The last war Of Japan with China
cost the former nation $4,000 a day
IN view OF the increased importance Of
The present war II Is estimated that she
is now spending 100000 daily or
roughly figuring Sl50OOOOO a month
The total cost Of that war estimated
In the currency Of the realm was 2OO-
l75,5OS yen (The Japanese gold yen
Is worth about dollar) This eSpeud-
ture was met promptly by popular
loan and by the application Of surplus
treasury funds The entire debt would
have been llquidated by private con-
tributlon II the government had per-
mitted the national enthusiasm to take
that form. OF course the figure Of $780,
300 Is only an approximation. II Is sub
lect to the expansion and contraction
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

concerning Il are known and they are
interesting as indications. AT the be-
ginning Of the war the gold reserve
amounted to Sl6O.OOO,OOO. Against this
there was o total note issue of $40
100000. This issue by law required a
backing OF Sl9O.OOO,OOO In gold. This
showing found the government at the
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

penses Of the Russian government at
upward Of sl5OOOOO day. This esti-
mate is certainly a very moderate one,
and II is not unlikely that 1t is too
small
Although Muscoylte finance is a skcin
too tangled for anything short Of posi-'
tive genius 10 mrayel, certain facts
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

ment Of fort Is contemplated, some
actual stronghold will be chosen, and a
study Of It's defenses viii be made with
reference to overcoming them.
The fortunate officers who win be de-
tailed TO study at the War college win
be carefully selected by those who have
the matter In charge, Under the new
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

Leavenworth. to the staff college, and
the honor graduates Of the staff college
viii be sent to the War college at
Washington.
The game Of war, known In military
parlance as "kriegspiel," is played on
maps instead Of boards. Two large
maps exactly alike are placed nat ON
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10
HARVARD OBSERVATORY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

trary 10 the one established and follow
ed by the staid and respectable Saturn
himself This recalcitrant performance,
be It known, is an absolute reversal of
the laws Of astronomy Among all the
satellites OF the various planets, as FAR
as is known, Phoebe stands alone Ia her
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10
Hanards Observations of Satuns Ninth Satellite;
The Peruvian Annex Has Fixed Phoebe's Identity

/. !. !. !: u. !. !. j. ]. ]. ]. !.
H<SOyS<SJNHE recent discussion IN
%-uuxzl literary and educa-
WR% tional circles regard
Hu III XVI ing The unsclcntino
WI IA antics Of the ninth
Hon "A IN aud latest satellite Of
NNTJkDl Saturn makes perth
----' uont consideration
Of the progress of the development Of
the geography of the heavens made
within the past few years. This satel-
lite whose persistent vagaries have
greatly disturbed the beautiful exact
ness which had begun 20 be reckoncd
as one OF the desirable features Of the
science. was discovered about five years
lgo by Professor William II. Pickering
" Harvard university and named
Phoebe. Phoebe began 10 manifest
signs Of waywardness az a very tlnder
age, Her initial performance was
sudden and total disappearance. That
was during her early infancy and so
lew persons had made her acquaintance
hat her prolonged absence was eX-
.remely embarrassing TO her discover
a. who had celebrated her arrival with
a good deal Of ceremony
The unruly satellite was absent for
wo years. quite long enough for certain
,nvlous astronomers to insinpate that
Professor Pickering must have seen
stars other than those which Gid the
armament II was feared that Phoebe
MAS a mistake speck Of dust perhaps
mon the professors Photographic plate.
Cor several weary months Professor
Pickering was the only unquestionng
believer In Phoebe. According TO the
accepted creed of the astronomers. Sat
im was still provided with only the
original eight satellites and Phoebe was
myth
AZ the end Of the second year OF wau-
ierlng she returned, taking her place
,mong the great yellow planets attend.
lnts and resuming her revolutions as
iemurely as though she knew no other
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

determination to choose her own gait
She thus becomes the heroine Of the
greatest romance Of astronomy.
one Of the Romantic features connect
ed with the existence OF the ninth sat-
ellie Is the f.ot that no one, not even
her dlscoverer has seen her face TO
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

and better life. For n few months she
conducted herself IN a perfectly exem-
plary and Astronomical manner-QuIte
long enough indeed for an the scien-
lists IN The world to realize how mistake
en- they had been. Then she began TO
develop further eccentriclties. II was
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

determined that the new satellite was
revolving IN direction exactly con-
tury 20 that in which the other eight
pursued their course That OF itself
was enough TO condemn her, but there
was much worse to follow; she persist
ed In moving IN a circle directly con-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

lat Is the present war
costing Russia and
Japan? This IL a
question which is In
terestlng not only to
those who must count
the cost but to every
body, for it is true
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1904-12-10

ne recent discussion IN
literary and educa-
tioual circles regard
ing the unsclcntino
antics OF the ninth
aud latest satellite Of
Saturn makes perth
...uN - confederation
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1904-06-02
BRIEF BITS OF NEWS.

The postomee at Lugert. RioWA
county. o. r. has been discontinued.
Mail viii 20 10 Lone Wolf.
Or. J. W Folsom has been appoint.
ed pension examining surgeon az Ard
more. l. T, and j. A. Burtch II Gal.
latin. NO.
A territorial charter has been issued
by Secretary Grimes of Oklahoma.
20 the Tulsa Improvement Company.
OF Oklahoma City. with 5000 cap
ital stock. The inoorporstors are Ma.
ior Mobsriy. Lee Van Wrinkle and }
A. Woodsida
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1904-06-02
TAKING OF NAN SHAN HILL.
In Earlier Rushsa Every Jap In Lin,
Was Shot Down.

ToKtO=(Special) Tho Japanese
assault on Nan shan Hill was one OF
the nercest and bloodiest affairs IN
modern warfare. In tho earlier rushes
OF the engagement every man PARTED.
pating was shot down before he
reached the first line Of Russian
trenches.
Nan Shan vas splendidly defended.
Nearly fifty guns Of various sizes we're
mounted on the various emplacements.
and there we're also two batteries Of
quicK.firing field pieces, The aril.
lery was sheltered behind loophole
trenches on the terraces OF the hik-
The infantry manning the field
pieces ran with them around the hill.
thus using these guns for the protec'
tion Of the most important points.
The Japanese began the fight by
bringing all their field guns into &C
ton and concentrating their fire on
the emplacements on the hill
After the Russian batteries had been
silenced, the japanese artillery
opened on the enemy's trenches. the
japanese infantry advancing mean.
while to within rifle range. The Jap
anese gradually worked 20 within 400
meters Of the Russian lines. whore
they encountered wire and other en-.
t-anglements. They succeeded IN get
ting to within 900 meters OF the Rus
sian trenches and ruhsed for the line
Several successive charges were
made. but every officer and man in
the attacking parties was shot down
twenty OF thirty meters from the line
The charges were then stopped and
the japanese artillery renewed III
preparatory fire on the enemy-s 20
sition. Toward evening a detachment
OF Japanese carried a section Of the
Russian trenches, breaking through
the enemy's line. Hundreds OF the
comrades OF these men. inspired by
their success. sprang forward ana
then the entire japanese line swept NJ
the hill. driving the Russians from
their positions.
The Rich Hill tribune. (Rich Hill, Mo.) 1903-1911, 1904-06-02
Photos on solar Spectrum.

CHtCAGo-Cspecial) Photograph.
X reproduction Of the spoctra Of the
sun and tho brightest stara Is about 10
BE- undertaken by Prof George 4.
Hale. director Of tho Yerkes obserta.
tory. on Mount Wilson, near Pasadena.
Cal A grant of $4,000 from the Car.
ncgie institution enabled Prof Hale 20
build a Snow horizontal telescope.
with which 20 conduct operations on
Mount Wilson. The observations will
be undcr Prot Haio's personal obnor.
walton. For the observation uf tho
sun a large oneay mirror. with
sixty feet focal length vas construct
ed In that the image of the sun Ia
q be projected and difhased Ia such q
manner that a study h made Of Il an.
der tho best conditions possible. For
the Photographic reproduction ot the
specta OF starr another concAve mir
rot Is provided.