davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-02-07
j. MEEkS.

Among the other enterprises cn foot
in Fort Smith is company which has
been organized for the purpose OF
prospecting for oil on land owned by
Mrs. E. r. DuNal II Mazzard Prairie.
Capt w. J. Pcrdue is president.
The dead body Of James Borum, the
twentyyear-old son o'f James Borum,
living three miles west of Johnson,
was found in tRe woods Saturday after
noon. He had left the house to so
rabbit hunting and aiter his departure
the report OF sun was heard, but II
created no alarm. However, as the
young man failed TO appear next morn
ing, a searching party found him un
der circumstances which indicated that
the shooting was accidental.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-02-07
Mr.. \. S. Rosenberg is on the sick

The saving OF Few Cents on bot
tie of Vanilla Extract will not atone
for the annoyance OF having dessert
that is 'just little off, in flavor. Al
ways buy Burnetts. 5
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-02-07

ton was fixed at one delegate for each
twenty-five votes cast for Hon. ]. H.
Hinemon for superintendent cf public
instruction at the September election,
1902.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-02-07

Mecks, the honest man out of power.
Again | return thanks to all for yosr
Kind consideration. am, your hum
bic servant,
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-02-07

The Drew county Democratic central
committee has designated March 26
as the day for primaries on state, dis
tict and county offices. The basis of
representation in the county conyen-
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1904-02-07

"A marriage license was issued yes
terday to S. J. Norris of Grapevine anu
Miss Anna Johnson Of Lonoke.
Mr.. Frank Vowel is reported some
better today
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
POST FALLS NEWS NOTES

The license for billiard and pool
tables has been placed at sl0 per
year.
Mrs. John Peters presented her
husband, with fine girl baby last
Saturday morning.
Miss Mary Young, of the New
Jersey House, Spokane, is visiting In
this, her old home.
Tom Milligan has moved his stock
of wet goods from the Fashion saloon
building to his new quarters a short
distance west.
Nick Jerry, the irrepressible Nick,
has returned from an extended bust
ness trip to New York and Salt Lake
He succeeded In disposing of large
blocks of mining stock aud In inter
esting capitalists in the real estat'
and mining business.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23

A couple of Spokane gentlemen
came up this week and purchased
lot on Third street. They will erect
two story business house thereon.
II. Kuudson has purchased Mr..
Steele's half section of land west of
town, paying s16 an acre. This is
raw land. and sold last year for
SI2 so an acre.
Leon Bump, wife and little
daughter, of Spokane, are visiting
relatives aud friends here. Mr..
Bump is a carpenter and contractor,
and while here added neat veranda
to his fathers residence.
The Catholic ladies of Post Falls
have arranged to give grand st.
Valentines ball at Manor's hall on
February Is. Tickets 81. Kirchner's
orchestra from Spokane, has been
engaged for the occasion. Ladies'
are requested to bring baskets con-
tanning supper for two, which will be
sold at auction. No admission fee
will be charged spectators and every.
body Is invited.
MIR. Stack, son of the famous
millionaire lumber king of Michigan,
is here on business with the McGillis
& Gibbs company. They have been
invoicing their lumber at the Inter
national mill mp the river, and In
their yards and planning mill here.
MIR. Stack, We are informed, Is one
of the eastern members Of the com
pany, aud has been we'll pleased with
the lumber received from here.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23

Ceretana -four is always the best.
Call on F. A. Shallis for fresh
groceries.
Cash register, good as new, at
bargain. The Idaho Mercantile Co.
Try one sack Of Ceretana -four and
be convinced.
The highest market price for green
or dry hides. b. II. Williams.
Try our corn and alfalfa for milk
and butter. Keefe & Bedell.
See Jas. II. Harte about those two
business lots on Sherman street.
Two furnished rooms for rent.
Apply to Mrs. NJ. Robisb, corner Of
Eighth and Sherman streets.
jan. s-23-p.
I For sale-Five acre tract of land
adjoining the town. See james H.
Harte.
For sale-Horse, : years old,
weight 1900 pounds. sound and true.
Frank SeasoD. Ramsey, Idaho.
jan. 9-23-p.
/, For a big line Of heating stoves,
cooking stoves or ranges to select
from, go to Perrenoud's hardware
store. Prices and quality cannot be
duplicated by any other dealer.
Do you know that with every cash
purchase from 5 cents up, we give
you a premium ticket, free! We
invite you to call and inspect tn,
line. Wonnacott & Barr.
Our line Of Mackinaws is complet,
and we can at you out at the loves
prices consistent with good bushes
: principles and first class goods. Cal
1 and see our stock before you bu.
= elsewhere. E. b. Keller & Co.
Z One of the best lines of underwea
\ in the town may be found at E. B
Keller 4 Co. IS store. We can fit yo
u out for fall or winter wear in al
: grades and at prices that are hard t
beat.
1t is never too late to improve I'll
4 appearance of your home when 70
can do so with but little expense. 70
can save money on wall paper, oil
s aud Sherwin & Williams ready mike
10 paints-the best ON the market b
81 going to Armand Perrenoud.
Steam and pipe fittings of all kinC
Oh at Armand Perenoud's hardware stor
r When you make your children
E. birthday or holiday present, open
saving account with the Fir
n National Bank
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
ClOAKS AND JACKETS
LADIES' SHIRT WAISTS

All 81 90 waists now bSc; $40
waists, now 9oc. 20 waists. now St.2S,
s. so waists. now Si.7S; 81. so waists
aow 81. IS; s. On waists. now S2.7S;
S. 90 waists, nOA sJ7S; $500 waists
aow 1896.
All the above arc the celebrated
Fauisless Brand No better tailored
- iluing waist made than these,
and all of the newest styles, We
save a few Dressing Sacqnes left which
wiii he sold regardless Of cost The
st.aS kind foF Soc Sa.oo kind for
SIsS: g. 50 kind ior St7S. Also a
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
PERSONAL MENTION.
For
Reference

The venerable T d. Elliott is
quite sick.
Mrs. Dollar Is confined TO her bed
by sickness.
Mrs. o. h. Moon wAs a visitor to
Spokane Monday.
Mrs. b. II. Williams is confined TO
the house by q severe cold.
Mrs. @. o. Ritchey IL confined to
her bed by = severe attack of sickness.
N. ". Meyer, Of the Meyer Land
company, spent most Of the week in
4 Spokane on business.
J. n. Dlneisy, the SquAw bay
raueher, has moved bic family to
town for 9 few months.
Mrs. II. L. Bancroft is suffering
from another stroke Of paralysis, but
not az severe a. that of several months
ago.
J. c. Callahan. one Of Rathdrum's
we'll known citizens and former
county auditor, visited Occur d'Alene
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Brown. OF
Oakcsdale. Wash, spent the week
here visiting Mr.. and Mrs. c. f,
Coonrsdt.
Mrs Thomas Judge arrived from
n Seattle Monday and the newly marrieC
young couple will occupy rooms in
the Scott block.
Hon. Bartlett Sinclair, who recent
IL returned from the Philippines
was a caller in town yesterday. II
will open law Office in Rathdrum.
MIR. aud Mrs. J. T, Sullivan hav
A gone TO southern California for
=. vacation Of a few weeks. They viii
"a stop a few days with friends !
III Portland
AT G. ]. Shoemaker, OF the Occur d
m Alcne Bank and Trust Co., spent la'
,,c week at logging camp on the s.
he. Marics. enjoying an outing. He N
N, turned Monday.
he CLYDE Walker, clerk In the U.
land office. who has been absent for
,od month visiting friends aud relativ
"A a, Colorado Springs and other citi
., returned to his post of duty Monda
ire. ]. II. Ramsey aud J. W. Hutchi
nm. son. Of Gem, Idaho, were IN town
ion few days the first of the week Tn
nme are old friends of David Meyers al
au. expressed their delight with the tow
day Chaplain c. c. Bateman, former
her stationed at Fort sherman, has
, se, turned from the Philippines aud
,iat. now al San Francisco, He Is "
ming known to most Of the older resides
Iho-e Of the city.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
To the PabIic.

Having disposed Of my hardware
b,s,ness 10 new corporation TO be
known as the s,eiuke Taylor Hard
ware company, wish to thank my
former patrons for their trade aGd
confidence. will still be actively
connected with the new hrm' Wh'cn
brings added capital to the business
and enables us to buy goods III CA
la. for srot cash. The stock will b
materially Increased aud SOLD o.
, closer margins than ever before ore
sol,c,,iur the patronage OF the pu0l'
: for the new Arm remain
w. Yours truly,
n. A. sTEINKE,
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
And Will Continue Until Feb. lst loo4

The Women's $3.50 Pingree shoes
now sz.o5. All sI.25 slippers, Ok
fords and Juliettas, now o5c; all 81 so
slippers, OxfoTds and fur trimmed
Juliettas, now sI.I5; all sI.75 and
$500 slippers, Oxfords and Juliettas
now sI.45.
A big reduction on, and the best
shoes fer the money invested.
Boys Hamilton Brown 81. so shoes
now SI.25; sI.75 shoes now $3.50
1900 shoes now sI.7o; s2.25 shoes
now sI.o5.
Mems. s3 90 w. l.. Douglas shoe s2.45
Men $3.50 1926
Mems 90 1925
Mems $3.50 1915
Mems s5. 90 Enameled Colt 1896
/ These are considered one of the
best enameled shoes on the market
All our shoes are guaranteed tc
give you satisfactory service
Should any of our shoes prove faulty
we will have them repaired free o
charge. or replace them with new
pair.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
xEws OF rowx AND COUNTY

III. Ladies' Aid society Of the
VI D. church wiil meek wi,h MFs
a. = Uupdstson Wednesday sitter
naup
n The ladisa az shs Presbyterian A'd'
society served delicious snFT~S ~
,as church annex Tuesday evening
shtch vss sell pstruniFsd.
C. e. Williams. she contractor.
Aas Completed neat cottage ct els
iuou.s for u. ~ McKneu. ~ho ~ili
accupy it with bis family.
On account II The dedication Of
,hs ns~ Hap,is. church there wiil bs
NJ services al either the Methodist OF
Presbyterian churches SUNDAY.
There is very dangerous hol'
through the Northern Pacific doc'
phich is Liable to cause broke'
limb and a damage suit V not re
fairsl
4 Nipuics has purchased tho mort
- ac5ps Il the Richard barnes piac
north Il tawp tut consideration
$1,000 lie will build house an
harm aud make other improvement
on tbs land \ saod orchard VIII
planted
Dr u Mcfarland has opened
Office In rooms al the Hawkins bou
and vill give this place = part Of
time. Ito is an osteopaih and
isvursbly Impressed with the Quito
hero. His professional card apps
In this issue II the Pres.
". Luke's church. 3rd Sund
after Epiphany Sunday school
a m, service and sermon II ..
aud '.3o y. m The Guild y
meet a, the rectory on Tuesday
400 y. m. Li,any service and oh
Practice on Friday al 80 y. m.
II. G. Craig aud NJ. G. King.
spokane, are In town working q
membership for lodge Of
independent Forresters of Amer
ms he different organization Z
we one formerly IN existence
and the organizers are meeting !
soue encouragement Mr.. KIM
we orasniyer for the state If W
,ns.on, The order IL quite pop
" spokane, where Il has COO n
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
SHOES

We make material reduction IN all
lines Of Mems Women and children 5
shoes sL2S childEen's shoes, now
st.oSi sG.So shoe now si2S: sI.75
shoes now so: e2.oo shoes now
$40.
a corresponding reduction will be
made on all Cruiser and driving shoes.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23

Tho Occur dAleue Drug Co guar
an,ses every bottle Of Chamberlain ;
cough Remedy aud will refund the
money 20 anyone who is not sat'sne'
a,,sr us,ns two thirds Of the eon'eu's,
.Th,. a The best remeav In the wor'c
for Ia grippe, coughs, colds 'tm'
ana whoopiua cough aud lie pleassn
ana ..te 10 take I, prevents an
tendency Of cold to result IN P''O
moniA.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23

few Ladies Dress and Street skirts.
$500 skirts, now S3.45; 81. so skirts.
now SS.2S; $500 skirts, now Ss.7s.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
BUSINESS BRIEFS.

Use Ceretana -four. r. B. Keller q
Co.
Brick and lime for sale by Armand
Perrenoud.
Lots In O'Briens' addition, border
ing on the original townsite, at low
prices and on easy terms Of payment
to prospective builders. See James
II. HArte.
For rent-A good piano In first
class condition. For particulars
inq lIre at this ONCE.
To let for the winter, two COWS.
Inquire Of +. Z. varnam, Second
street.
Geo. W. Clous, optician from
Spokane, will again visit Occur a.
Alene, Monday and Tuesday, January
IS and 90, and may be found at the
Lakeside Pharmacy. prepared to ex-
anime eyes free OF charge and to give
perfect satisfaction in fitting them.
4 II you are in need of glasses or wish
lenses In your frames 1t will pay you
to call.
The Potter Minnick Co. are in 1
position TO give you some of the best
bargains to be found.
Are you satisfied with the coffe'
you are using! II not try Folger's
We guarantee every pound the hes
for the money. The Idaho Mercantile
Co.
Several pure bred White wyandott
, cockerels for sale. Last spring
chickens. Inquire at the Press office
e Commencing January 10th, we viii
a sell all goods Of the Stewart bank
| rupt stock, at half price. All othe
d goods at prices to please you.
chance Of lifetime to buy furnish
ing goods, so come early that 20
4 NAV have a choice. We handle every
!. thing. Potter Minnick Co.
: Cracked corn. bone, oyster shell
erits, beef scraps, poultry and stoC
!. food at the Idaho Mercantile Co.
1t will pay you to read the big di
y count advertisement of the ldat
" Mercantile Co. They sell goods in
as advertised.
a. We have several broken lines
OF woman's and childrens' underwea
:! that we are closing out at half pric
III The Idaho Mercantile Co.
:. II YOU want nice, moist loaf wi
- n rich. toothsome flavor, use Aut
ia eet -four.
~ vnv breadmaker can make go'
ats bread from Ceretana.
The Cash Grocery is the place
oat YOUR vegetabls. Always IRE
from the gardens.
are See Jas. II. Harte for lots
be o,Brien's Addition, the most desirat
I'd location in Occur d'Alene.
"S Wonnacott & Barr have new II
'uu saaed TO their already compl'
. ' stock. which entities each cash pr
l'On chaser, no matter how small Smo'
'ess mr. ON what class of goods, TO
cur uranium ticket, free. 1t viii
~, YOU TO investigate
lore We buy in carload lots from J
,blic hands ana "a" - Cali
se, our prices before buying elsewn'
r Armand Perrenoud'
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
ladies' Shoes

The Lady Msccabeos will give a
social ., the home of Mira Christena
Morris, Thursday evening. The
price will be ten cents aud the eren-
ins Ia 20 b. made pleasant by cards
aud other gnmes. A handsome hand
krFuhiei IL 20 be- rufiied on during
The evening.
The Miller road case At Lod's hay.
which was mentioned last week ~
having been beard BY . board Of
sFbi,Fators. wAs decided by awarding
20 the Miilera $500 damages. The
arbitrator also reached decision In
the Summers case near RAthdrum, Civ.
Inc the plaintiff 600.
TIE Occur d'Alens a Spokane
Railway company 10 having . number
Of small waiting rooms built 70 be
placed al convenient points along its
line for the accommodation Of the
public. They have one room and q
covered veranda With benches aud
viii prove . great convenience u
che public.
MlNs Elizabeih BtoWn. = missionary
= ioE several Year, 10 Jerusalem, vii
Y stcak In the Presbyterian church mex
Thursday aud Friday evenings. civ
10 los some Socuun, Of her experience
. a. missionary In tho Holy City
r. Sbe uill appear in Syrian costume
Everybody IL cordially invited I
VI hear th"so interesting lectures.
Hurr Hood. ui tho tirm Of Bloc
nro. IL the inventor of ncw chcc'
cutter that promises 10 bring him
~ a good Income. II 10 arranged |
~. that the operator takes bold Of lev
'" aud swings the cheese around to
poiul where u will cut one ponn
Of " lwo pounds are wanted the opeT
bs ton IL repeated aud big knife
or then trough, down. passing throu
the cheese aud you have just VII
,olc ron wanl. There are other cults
ock on the market, hut none 40 compile
ken aud absolutely accurate as this OF
re Mr Blood hss applied for a pat
aud expects to manufacture
prth machincs here for the market.
lace Tho Lady Macoabccs assent
q 81 a, She home Of Mrs Robertson W
ana pesday evening 20 the number TO
enss aud proceeded TO the home OF
u pe leo. Reynolds. their lady @
mander. where they took possess
"A an aud announced that they had G
louse ca make nigh, Of It and assist
4 HE Reyuolds IN celebrating her h'Tt'
nd h anniversary. They presented
.iook With a very handsome BERRY d's'
pears IN silver. which was highly appre
"a nv the recipient. The eve
,nday passed most pleasantly and
II 10 prosen, enjoyed light lunc'
a m. With music aud a good time
will slIv The ladies departed at
law a, bonr after wishing their lady
choir wander many happy returns
J. anniversary.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
LADIES' WRAPPERS

sI.oo wrappers. now 7oe; si3i
wrappers. now sSc; sI.7S wrappers
now eI2S; s7.oo wrappers. now sI.4S
s2.So wrappers. now sI.7S.
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23

We will also make reduction of per the fol-
lowing lines All dress goods ftom rs yds up all ladies'
and Chidrens underwear, all Misses and Chdren's knit
caps all Mems and Boys winter caps. We also have few
fur collars left which will close out at reduction Of
oneihrd. Also line Of kid glove in broken sizes which
viii go at half price. All our goods marked in plain
figures the regular prices from which will make the
reduction quoted
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
COMFORTERS AND BLANKETS

We still have quite large stock of
Blankets and Comforters, bought di-
rect from the manufacturers, which
we will sell at the following reduction
from our former low prices;
sI.oo Comforters aud Blankets...s rs
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23
CLOTHING

In Mems Clothing we sell the K.
n. & F. custom tailor made. There
are few. lines that will equal. none
that will excel in style, fit, workman
ship and wear. We will make the
following big reduction on all suits
and overcoats. except the black clays:
s5. 90 suits and overcoats .......e3.75
The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1904-01-23

We propose make this regular Semi-Annual Sale
the OF the Here few of the prices that
will prevail:
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-11-17

A London doctor says he can tell
the nature and character of people by
the color of the rays eminating from
them. The doctor tells US that rays
emitted by the human body differ in
color according to the character and
temperament of the person. Rays
emanating from a passionate man
have deep red hue, says DR.. Hooker.
One whose keynote in life is to be
good and to do good throws off pink
rays. An ambitious man emits orange
rays, a deep thinking blue, lover OF
art and refined surroundings yellow
and an anxious, depressed person.
gray. One who leads a low, debased
life throws off muddy brown rays,
while a DEVOTIONAL. good meaning per
son emits light blue. A progressive
minded person gives: out light green
rays, and one physically Or mentally
ill those Of a dark green color.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-11-17
TO MY FRIENDS.

Election is over and I have gone
down to defeat. made the best fight
possible under the most adverse cir
cumstances and against tremendous
odds. Never before in the history of
the State was such an outrageously
unfair and unjust warfare waged
against any candidate for Office as
was waged against me-from start to
finish it was a campaign Of villifca-
ton and Misrepresentation on the part
of my opponents. Personally, I con-
Quoted a clean, manly fight, spoke no
word in public. or private derogatory
to the character of my opponent or
any member of his family and have
no regrets on that score.
If the traitorous ingrates of my own
party who. under the leadership of S.
r. Van SAINT and Z. w. Collins, so
brutally and SO unjustly assaulted my
public and private character. can de-
rive any comfort or consolation from
my defeat they are welcome to it.
Perhaps majority of the people can
be fooled all the time but doubt it.
To the gallant friends who stood by
me so loyalty and so devotedly, from
the innermost recesses of my heart Of
hearts I return my sincere thanks: es-
pecially do I wish to express my
gratitude to the thousands of thinking
and intelligent Democrats who hon
ored me with their suffrages. My
chief regret is that [ am not in a po-
sition to reward the devotion of my
friends.
| leave it to the people of this COM
monwealth to discover in the course
of time the true causes which brought
about the election of Democratic
governor.
I accept the verdict of the people,
no matter what may be my opinion as
to how that verdict was obtained.
r. C. DUNN.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-11-17
Vote of the Large Cities.

New York city, Boston and Balti-
more seem to be the only great north
ern cities to give a Democratic plu-
rality for president.
In Greater New York where Demo
Gratis expected Alton B. Praker to have
a plurality of 40, 900, the Democratic
plurality for president was only 81, 200.
Brooklyn a part of Greater New
York, gave plurality of 1906 for
Roosevelt.
Chicago broke all plurality records
by giving Roosevelt l03, 1892 more
votes than it gave to Parker, the
greater previous plurality being 80, 600
for Cleveland.
Baltimore came within fewer than
500 votes Of going for Roosevelt.
while St. Louis went Republican 5by
more than 2, 600 votes.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1904-11-17

Judging from the returns in Mime
apolis and St. Paul charter legisla-
tion received a black eye. In Mime
apolis a new city charter was pro-
posed, providing for municipal home
rule, and several very beneficial
changes in the present charter. The
three bond propositions were also de-
feated. One provided for a bond issue
for a filter plant for city water. and
the other two were for bond issues for
graded and high schools. All prop
ositions failed, because they did not
receive the necessary votes. In St.
Paul several very essential amend
ments to the city charter were pro-
posed, and most of them barely
passed. There were fifteen separate
amendments proposed and thousands
of voters utterly failed to comprehend
the propositions or because of in
difference failed to vote at all. A
city charter that is as full of holes as
St. Paul's charter appears to be
should not be amended, but abolished
and a new one adopted. St. Paul will
try adopting a new one at it's spring
election. It requires a four-sevenths
vote to adopt charter and a three
ffths vote to amend. It seems abso-
lutely impossible to arouse the people
to their sense of duty in the matter.
The people are not interested in
mupfcipal affairs enough to grasp the
situation, and did we hear someone
say Initiative and referendum?''
Better bide a wee. In the meantime
St. Paul and Minneapolis will get
along with their old charters the best
they can. HOme-rule charter making
seems to be failure. In days of old
charter legislation was looked after
by few members of the twin city
legislative delegations who would
meet for a few minutes, briefly discuss
the pros and cons and let it go at
that. The house and senate would
concur in the wishes of the Hennepin
or Ramsey delegations and thus a few
law makers would pass on charter
necessities. In that way there was
some action. while under present
methods there is inaction.