davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
THE NAME BLACKBOARD.
1t Was Originally Applied to Link
Boys and Servants.


The earliest record of the term
blackguard is in the churchwarden's
account of st. Mary-at-Hill, London,
where, under date 1882, is. Item. re-
ceived for iiij Torches Of the Black
Guard iiijd" This and the following
old lines seem to show that the name
was then applied to linkboys:
Her Cupid is backyard boy
That rubs his link full in your face.
The name was also given to mental
servants in the kings kitchen. In the
calendar of State Papers is the fol-
lowing entry: "Aug. II, 1885. Sir Will
liam Fitzwilliam to Mr.. Secretary
Cromwell-Refusal Of the workmen to
work for less than sixpence day. Two
Of the ringleaders had been for some
of the time blackguards of the kings
kitchen" These "blackguards' We're
responsible for all cooking utensils and
Goals.
According to Miss Strickland. the
historian. the solutions Of the royal
kitchen were for many centuries clad
in black and were called the black
guards Of England.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
NEWS l.;ONDENsATIONs
"wednesday, Sept. ,.

In private audience with the pope
Tuesday Mgr. Leonordes resigned the
bishoprtc Of Dion, France.
The American apple crop will be
about 80 per cent larger than last year
and ID per cent above the average for
the last ten years.
Charles w. Fairbanks. Republican
candidate for vice president, addressed
q large meeting at Merry Meeting
park, at Brunswick, Me-, Tuesday.
All records were broken at st. Louis
Tuesday by G. NJ. Daniels Of the New
York Athletic club, who won the 220.
yard Olympic championship swim in
2:44 is.
The state department has received,
through Minister Takahira. formal
notice of the conclusion OF the new
treaty between Japan and Korea pro.
viding for Japanese advisers to the
Korean king and for japanese ap.
proval Of future treaties and conces.
Sims
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
SLUGGISH RIVERS.
The Volga Falls Only About Three
Inches Per Mile.

The Volga Falls Only About Three
Inches Per Mile.
Considering its length the Volga is
the most sluggish river. In 1895 miles
1t falls only G65 feet. or slightly over
three inches per mile, while at one
point about the middle of its course
the bed is fully fifty feet below sea
level Thus oil the water to that height
above the bottom must be still. save
when stirred by floods.
The Volga also is singular among
great rivers in having no mountainous
course. 1t rises among marshes and
lakes. and is so sluggish even then
that n dam has been erected. which
makes it navigable from it's siXty-fifth
mile onward. Almost within the his
toric period it must have been an Off
shoot from the Caspian. which then
stretched far into the interior OF Rus
STA, drying up into a series of river
connected lakes. The Volga has taken
the place of these, along with many Of
their characteristics, including gen
eral sluggishness.
The Scheldt is proverbially Il slow
river and is practically lost i'll Il maze
Of canals, but it's fall from source to
sea is about fourteen inches in its total
length of 240 miles.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
SATURDAY., Sept. 10.

Advices from Paraguay show that
negotiations for peace between the
government of that republic and the
Paraguayan insurgents have been re-
sumed
Houses in New York city actively
engaged in trade with Cuba report a
distinct revival in business through
out the island, according to the Jour-
nal of Commerce.
Sir Thomas Upton will leave Eng.
land about the end of September for
ST. Louis, where he probably will be
the guest of David r. Francis, prest-
dent of the exposition.
The keel of new North German
Lloyd line steamer has already been
laid at Stettin, which in size and
speed is designed to surpass the new
turbine steamers of the Cunard line.
Bishop j. NJ. Walden, retired. of the
Methodist church and his wife were
seriously hurt in runaway at Gin
cinnati. Mrs. Walden's arm was
broken and the bishop was badly
bruised.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
Loud Voiced African.

The timbre of the voices among CEN
trail Africans is usually good-deep and
strong in the men, very melodious and
sweet in the women. One notable Pc
culiarity about the people is the forced
key in which they always carry on con-
versation. The ordinary quiet tones Of
civilized speech are scarcely ever heard
among them. They literally shout, and.
such being their habit, It is a matter Of
Indifference to them whether the per-
SOD to whom they are speaking is
close by or twenty yards away. "They
are most tireless chatterers." says a
traveller. Il doubt whether any other
people in the world talk SO much or
laugh SO much. Their laughtersis par
ticularly healthy. natural and unre-
strained, a most exhilarating sound"
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
Mondav, Sept. IL.

The Russian transport Lena, Cap.
tain Berlinsky, put into San Francis.
co Sunday for repairs.
The White Star line steamer Ger.
manic is aground off Sandy Hook, N.
Y, but is in no danger.
The bank at Stromsburg, Neb., was
robbed by burglars. who blew open
the safe, securing 5000 in cash and
about $500 in checks
A monument to the Polish patriot,
Thaddeus kosciusko, was unveiled in
Humboldt park, Chicago, Sunday, in
the presence of great gathering OF
Polish-Americans.
The Macbeth-Evans Glass company
has perfected arrangements for oper.
ating it's big chimney factory at Char.
leroi, Pa, on a nonunion basis, the old
employees having refused to return at
their terms
Contradictory reports about the
health of Prince Herbert Bismarck,
who is seriously i'll at Friedrichsruhe,
have for some time been circulating.
One version pronounces his case hope
less. limiting at abdominal cancer.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
Tuesdax, Sept. 13.

The International Electrical con-
gress convened Monday at st. Louis.
The Allan, Dominion and Canadian
Pacific steamship lines have reduced
their storage rates from London or
Liverpool to Quebec from SIS to $40.
James Lowther, Conservative mem
Der of parliament for the Thanet divi-
sion Of Kent and formerly chief secre-
tary for ireland, is dead. He was
born In 1910.
Herbert w. Bowen, United States
minister to Venezuela, has arrived at
New York from Caracas. Mr.. Bowen
said he was home on leave Of absence
and needed rest.
c. G. Bloomquist. q Minneapolis
grocer, was shot in the hand by a
man who tried to hold him up Monday
night. Bloomquist had $1,000 in his
possession. but retained 1t.
The Ottoman hank at Constantinople
has notified the American legation that
1t holds 81, 900 at its disposal in settle
ment Of the claim for land illegally
seized and belonging to an American
citizen at Smyrna.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
Artemus Wards Protector.

While in the show business in Penn
sylyania Artemus Ward was put to
sleep in an attic where the sash had
been taken out for ventilation. In the
night it turned cold. .Artemus got up
and was busy at the window. What
are you doing. Artemus?" his compan-
ion asked. I'm so c-cold." he chattered.
II was hanging up some Of these hoop
skirts. thought they'd keep the
coarsest Of the cold out"
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15

time. Inc Forum Romanum was orig
inally the lowlands between the Pala-
tire, Capitoline and Quirinal hills. used
as a meeting place for barter and poll
tics by the tribes living on the hills
named and on other Hills near by. The
development of this crude trading place
rum of later times was very gradual
and irregular.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
Unable to Co,,,pnre.

He-A1iss kitty, I've heard it said
that kiss without mustache is like
an egg without salt. Is that so? She
Well, really don't know. can't tell.
for in my life l never He-Now. now.
Miss Kitty! She-Never ate an egg
without salt
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
Times Changes.

lis the story you have written a
historic novel:"
NO." answered the litterateur in
hard luck. Its modern novel now.
But l guess it will be historic before
I get it published. '-Washington Star.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15

You never know how long mans
memory is until you have offended
Naturalization Globe.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-09-15
Thursday, Sept. 8.

thursday, sept. 3.
John Shields, we'll known trainer
Of race horses, died at Chicago hotel
Wednesday of heart disease.
Democrats of Connecticut in conven.
ton at New Haven, nominated a full
ticket headed by A. H. Robertson for
governor.
The August statement of the British
board Of trade shows decrease of
81 ,607.500 in imports and an increase
Of $3,475.00O in exports.
George H. SHIRLEY, who was nomi-
mated by the Continental party at Chi.
cago as candidate for vice president,
has declined the nomination.
Milton NJ. Carson, convicted of as
saulting young girl, has been SEN
fenced to life Imprisonment in the
Illinois penitentiary by Judge Kersten
at Chicago.
A strike of upwards of 200 school
children was declared at the Long
fellow school, Chicago, because the
principal had been transferred since
the close of the last term. The chill
dren say they will not go to school
until she comes back
Friday, Sept. 9.
Warren. Ida, has been wiped out by
Ere. Loss, 100000.
The state Of Mississippi has in its
treasury sl.56 and there is no relief in
sight.
The Democrats of Utah nominated
James H. Moyle of Salt Lake City for
governor.
NJ. d. Candee, a highly respected
citizen of Clark county, Ala, was shot
and killed from ambush
Louis Deibler, who directed the gull
lotine of Paris for twenty years, is
dead at the age of eighty.one.
The Catholic Cathedral of the Epiph.
any at Sioux City, Ia. was dedicated
Thursday with imposing ceremonies.
Two archbishops, ten bishops and
more than 100 priests took part. Arch
bishop Ireland delivered the sermon.
After another conference with
George L. Watson, held in London,
Sir Thomas Upton announced that
Mr.. Watson persisted in his refusal
to design a challenger for the Amer
ica's cup for 1905, giving as his rea.
| son ill health.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1904-10-20
SiIaoe for the Calves.

Opinions differ as to what time Of
life the calves should have silage fed
them. Some would give it to them
when they are six weeks old, but more
careful ones say wait till the calf is
six months old. The same people do
not turn their calves onto the pasture
till that time at least if the date would
bring them on the pasture while the
grass Is still filled with succulence.
The digestive organs of the calf do
not seem to be adapted to either fresh
grass or silage or any succulent food.
But when the calf is six months of
age it is safe to feed silage, but the
amount should not be rapidly in
creased. The feeder must know
enough about the animal to tell from
day to day the effect of the food he
is giving, and mast regulate the feed
ing accordingly. When a calf gets
old enough so that the silage will not
hurt him by reason of its succulence
it becomes one of the best foods pos
sible to give. Not only is it's effect
healthful, but it is cheap feed. The
farmers that have much young stock
to raise would find the silo valuable
adjunct to their feeding equipment.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1904-10-20
Alfalfa for Hogs.

There is no doubt that alfalfa Is one
of the best foods that can be raised
for hogs. The cattle man has come
to appreciate the value of alfalfa, and
wherever he has been able to raise
alfalfa he has done so. He has recog-
niZed it as cheap source OF protein.
The hog raiser on the other hand is
coming to realize only slowly that
the hog needs protein at all. He has
come to think of the hog as an animal
that needs a food that will make fat,
and, as a result, we see little alfalfa
growing on the farm of the man that
makes hog raising one of the principal
features of his agriculture.
Alfalfa can be fed in the same way
as clover is fed, with the exception
that it Is not so readily pastured.
Alfalfa may be pastured so close that
it will only slowly revive from such
treatment, while clover can be pas
tured close and still come up quickly.
But alfalfa is good green food and
is good when dry, if it is cut up and
mixed with soft food or steamed.
1t has been charged that too much
alfalfa makes soft pork, but this is
the case only when the hogs are not
properly finished on grain. No one
believes that feed like alfalfa should
be fed almost exclusively. 1t is a
good thing to build up the frame of
the animals; but it does not provide
enough carbohydrates to make it
serve the double purpose of a devel-
oper and finisher.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1904-10-20
The Cow and the Piu.

In some sections of the country
many more cows are kept than pigs,
even where butter has to be made on
the farm. In such a case of course
the skim milk is abundant and as the
hog can make more use of it than any
other farm animal, it should be thus
used. There is no doubt that every
farmer that keeps few cows should
also keep SOW and raise at least one
litter of pigs per year A great many
farmers say they do not keep pigs
for the reason that they can keep only
one or two and many springs the crop
OF pigs is so light that none are for
sale. 1t is the practice now, as it has
been for no one knows how long, to
buy pigs in the spring. The argument
against keeping a sow is that more
pigs will be produced than the farmer
has any use for. But as young pigs
are always in demand for eating, there
is scarcely difficulty in this regard
We have seen pigs sell at So each in
the spring, and litter that numbers
six 70 eight is therefore profitable.
The cow and the pig are natural allies,
even more so than the steer and the
pig. Pig raising is almost an integral
part of dairying. 1t is evident that
under such conditions the pig is
about all profit, and for that reason
every farm should raise a number,
and where they are always raised the
number should be increased.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1904-10-20
When to Beuin Grain Feedinu,

A good many steers are annually
fitted to be slaughtered in the winter.
The time of beginning the feeding Of
grain to such animals must be deter
mined by the condition of the pas
lures. One of the causes of poor re-
suits with such cattle is the begin
ming of the feeding of grain some
weeks after it should have been be-
gun. AS soon as the pastures begin
to fail the owner of the cattle should
begin giving them grain. The fall
pasture needs to be watched in this
respect, as it frequently occurs that
it begins to fail long before the owner
suspects it. In some cases it is the
practice to keep the steers on pasture
all through November and a part of
December Frost after frost has re.
duced the amount of food and deterio
rated what was left. No exact time
can be set for the beginning of the
feeding of grain, for the reason that
pastures in different sections differ
greatly as well as the time of the COM
ing of killing frosts. But this thing
may be set down as certain, that if the
steers are allowed to be Out partially
filed for a week or two it will check
growth, and this growth once checked
is very slow to be resumed.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1904-10-20
Preservation Of Eaus.

In the use of waterglass we have
q process of keeping eggs that is far
superior to every other known process.
Experiments have been made with 1t
in the United States and in foreign
countries. 1t has several other ad-
vantages, among which are its cheap
ness and the fact that it Is not pat
ented article. We may expect to
find on the market various kinds of
egg preservers, but many of them, If
analysed, would be found to have
waterglass as base. This material
Is not new thing, as 1t is simply
sodium silicate. 1t is one of our
cheap chemical products and can usu-
ally be procured for about so cents a
gallon. This amount of liquid should
preserve about fifty dozen of eggs,
the cost thus being about one cent
per dozen.
In the packing Of eggs great care
must be used to know that they are
strictly fresh. Sometimes eggs are
purchased at the stores and pre-
served, and when they come out bad
is that it is very easy to get in eggs
that are not strictly fresh, but are
just enough off to have bad taste
when taken from pickle some months
afterward. 1t Is probable, too, that a
few bad eggs will injure others in the
same solution.
In purchasing the waterglass be
sure 10 get good quality. Some OF
the waterglass on the market con.
tains a good deal of alkali in an un.
combined state and this gives the
eggs bad flavor. The preferable
form is that like thick white jelly,
yet not so thick that it will not flow
readily. The thinner kind may be
employed, but more of it will have
to be used. The waterglass can be
purchased in the form of dry pow.
der. but it is found difficult to dissolve
this in hot water.
In preparing the solution use water
that has been well boiled that 1t may
be free from germs Of life. To each
ten quarts of water add one quart of
waterglass If 1t is thin, but II 1t Is
thick use not more than three-fourths
of a quart. This solution may be
placed in jars or other receptacles
and the eggs added from time to time
as convenient, but the eggs should
not come nearer to the surface than
two inches.
The eggs should be kept in cool.
dark place and well covered to pre-.
vent evaporation of the water in the
solution. 1t has been found that in
keeping the eggs in warm place the
silicate is deposited and the eggs are
then not properly protected. The
eggs should not be washed before
packing, as they do not then keep so
well, probably on account of the mu.
cilaginous coat being removed.
If eggs that are packed are to be
boiled they should be punctured at
the air chamber by driving the point
of a pin through them to let out the
air, as otherwise they are liable to
crack OPEN
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1904-10-20
Sour Milk an Elixir.

For centuries men hunted for a
fountain of perpetual youth. Failing
in that quest, they have turned to
hunting for some thing that will
lengthen life. We doubt If they have
been able to discover anything that
will have that effect, or if they will
be able to find it. 1t Is interesting,
however, to note that sour milk is de-
clared by professor of the Pasteur
institute to have the power of length
ening life. Sour milk" says this pro-
fessor, contains large bacillus re-
markable for the great quantity of lac
tic acid it is capable Of producing.
This microbe does not exist normally
in the body and can be introduced with
great benefit to the health, as it preys
on the hundreds of thousands Of mi
crobes that infest The intestines." He
claims that the Bulgarians are long
lived because they are great consum.
ers of sour milk.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1904-10-20
MAPS.

Robert Louis Stevenson. c4e of the
most notable English writer's known
to the present generation, was wont to
say that nothing interested him more
than the perusal of good map; and
without doubt, map that is well
made and accurate catches the eye
and arrests the attention of many
people as few other things can do.
The men in charge of railway traffic
possess a most positive appreciation
of this fact, and a large expenditure
OF time and skillful thought is made
on this feature of railway publicity,
so that such portions of the country
as the mystic and interesting region
of the Black Hills in South Dakota,
the wonderful mountain ranges COM
pactly rising tier upon tier through
out the central and western portion
OF Colorado, the rich valleys and hill
sides of California, covered with vine
yards, orchards and grain fields, Vel
lowstone Park, the Yosemite, Alaska,
and those regions of interlacing lakes
and water courses which mark that
portion of the great northwest located
in upper Wisconsin, southern Mime
sofa and that part of Michigan known
as the Upper Peninsula, have been
mapped in detail and given to the pub
lie gratis, far and wide.
Said an official of the Chicago &
Northwestern Railway recently,
while talking on this subject: There
is no doubt that the American railway
map engraver has carried his art we'll
nigh to the borders of perfection. l
do not know of any road maps or
other detailed data for the state of
Wisconsin, for instance, that equal
those published by our passenger de-
partment, showing the haunts of sum-
mer tourists and fishermen. They are
on file in public libraries az part of
their reference records. Other por.
tions Of the western country have
been similarly taken up by our peo-
pie, and maps of a most complete
character made for them; in fact, the
western lines are fully alive to the
value of a good map in the hands OF
the traveller. The map publishing bus
mess of the large railway systems
is to-day reduced to scientific princi-
pies and handled in most systemat-
ic manner. The Northwestern Line
prints thousands of maps, running all
the way from large wall maps of the
world, down to the smallest details Of
sections and quarter sections of Gov
erLment land open for settlement in
the west, and from an atlas contain
ing series of maps of the seat of
war in the far east to the most care
fully worked out portrayal of Colo
radios mountain regions, CALIFORNIA;
winter resorts, or the summering
places that abound along the line
throughout the west and northwest"
The people who insist upon having
lower berths can't be said to travel on
their uppers
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1904-10-20
The PoIIItrv Crop

The reports received this year from
our numerous correspondents indicate
a material increase in the supply OF
chickens, fair increase in the supply
of turkeys and ducks, and falling of
in the supply of geese. The weather
conditions have been rather more
favorable than for the past two or
three years. The season was rather
cool, but on the whole quite season
able, but in some sections of the
Southwest, the far West and the
North, the heavy rainfall caused a
rather heavy loss in the early hatch.
ings, especially of turkeys, many Of
the young birds dying of wet ana
cold. The fertility of the early eggs
also was somewhat affected by the
very cold weather during the winter,
leaving the stock not in as good con-
dition as when the winters were not
so severe, but this was overcome later
by more favorable conditions From
Iowa number of reports stated that
rats had killed off a good share of the
early hatchings.
Turkeys.-The crop of turkeys is es.
timated to be about Is per cent heav.
Ter than last year. Our reports IN
most instances claim large increases
in the flocks of turkeys, but some
points which raised good many tur.
Keys last year report a material
shrinkage this year. On the whole,
however, we look for more turkeys to
come to market during the winter.
The season is unusually late, and
where In other seasons a good many
turkeys have been shipped in up to
this time, so far this year but few
turkeys have been received Then
too, farmers are being blessed with
good crops, and in no need for imme.
date money, can afford to allow their
turkeys to run until fall.
Chickens.-The reports generally
indicate a very material increase in
the crop Of chickens, and it is fair
to state that the crop at least Is about
20 per cent larger than last year. The
weather conditions were generally
favorable. Farmers being in good
condition financially, and receiving
good prices for their eggs, have per.
haps not marketed their stock as
early, nor as freely as usual, and in.
dications are that there Is a large
quantity to come forward.
Ducks.-Everything points to large
crop of ducks-such at least are the
conclusions derived from the reports
received. The indications are for an
increase Of about 10 per cent over last
year. Late prices have been more en-
couraging to farmers to raise ducks.
Geese.-The crop of geese is esti-
mated to be about the same as last
year, possibly 10 per cent less. OF
late the raising of geese has fallen off
considerably, with perhaps the Iarg.
est shrinkage in Illinois, where the
enactment of law prohibiting Je
from running at large has made a very
marked difference in the number of
geese raised.-Sprague Commission
Company.