davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19
GOLD HOLDINGS
In the Treasury Are Enormous and the
Largest on Record.
BROOKLYN EAGLE.

Brooklyn Eagle.
= The real wealth Of the United States Is
better appr eciated in reading Of the enor-
nous holdings Of gold in the treasury, and
in comparing them with the riches Of
other governments. In comparisons Of this
kind the United States ranks head and
shoulders above all other countries, stand
Ing pre- -eminently as the richest govern
ment on earth.
At the present time the gold in the
stock Of money Of the United States Is,
In round numbers, $1,000, 100000. II this
stock Of money could be brought together
end melted into a solid mass it would
make a cube Of nearly sixteen feet, weigh
ing 1883 tons, and requiring LAT freight
cars to move Were it coined into eagles
and placed edge to edge the line would be
2,116 miles long or from New York to
sixty miles west Of Colorado Springs.
In gold, in stock, in circulation and in
official holdings. our country surpasses
every other nation The stock Of Great
Britain is $52S,000, 00O so that ours is
double The increase in five years here
has been 37s,O0O,O0O. In that period Great
Britain has added s90,O00,000, France has
added s137, 0OO. 900, Germany $4,000, 300
Austria-Hungary 100000, while Russia
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

the control Of an operator at shore
station, who can render them active or
inert by opening or closing circuit.
These are divided into:
l(a) Electro contact mines.
CD Observation mines.
The former are arranged to be fired
automatically when ship touches
be on. In the event of the current
being off a friendly fleet could pass
with safety over the mine field. Elec-
tro-contact mines can also be exploded
at will from the shore station, whether
a ship be in contact with them or not.
Observation mines include all those
which are fired from the mine station
at particular moment In some
cases a bell IS caused to ring In the
mine station, indicating that par
ticular mine has been struck, and In
others the mine field is under actual
observat ton, the mines being fired
when it is seen that hostile ship Is
Immediately over the mine.
The self-acting mine In use IN the
Royal navy is an electromechanica
one, and Is Identical in construction
with the electro-contact mine; the bat
terry is, however, inside the mine.
Self-acting mines are desirable In
that they are cheaply and easily con-
structed, can be kept ready for use,
and do not require specially trained
men for their manipulation, but un-
desirable in that they constitute a
source of danger to friend and foe
alike. There are, however, occasions
on which they are likely to be requi-
sitioned In wartime owing to- the
rapid manner in which they can be
put down. They would be employed
for the defense of harbors and chan
nels which are intended to be com
pletely closed to friend and foe and
for blocking the entrance to ar
enemy's port.
In some navies an automatic method
Of mooring self-acting mines whereof!
they move themselves at any fxet
depth below the surface is used.
Controlled Mines - Electro cOntac
Glass.
Electro-contact mines are unde
the control of an operator on shore
who can fire them all at will, can rem
der them harmless by breaking tn
circuit, and can, after closing the cir
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

a ships compass) in a vertical posi-
ton and transverse to the axis of the
torpedo. 1t was devised by l.. Obry
of Trieste, a retired engineer of the
Austrian navy, with a view to con-
trolling the right and left motions of
the torpedo in the course of its run.
The early torpedoes very often failed
to hit the target, owing to sWerVing
from their course by reason of the
blow on striking the water, dents on
the shell, air leakage or other causes.
An error of only one degree in it's
course means a lateral error Of nearly
fifty feet at 500 yards and it was in
order to prevent the DETECTION Of the
Whitehead out of the line of fire that
the principal of the gyroscope has
been applied to the torpedo. Each
gyroscope cost ESQ. The apparatus,
weighing fifteen pounds, is "set" by
winding up strong spring, and the
action of firing the torpedo from the
tube releases the spring and causes the
gyroscope to spin round at a rate OF
about 1900 revolutions a minute. The
use of the gyroscope is based on the
fact that if a wheel be set spinning on
it's axis with any considerable veloci-
ty, it will always tend to revOlve in
the same place to which it is set spin
ming.
The gyroscope works the servo-mo-
tor. This ingenious apparatus was
called into existence owing to the fact
that the mechanism of the balance
chamber was unable, thru it's feeble
power, to work the horizontal rudders
Of the faster Whiteheads direct. The
servo-motOr is an air engine from
which is derived the power to move
the diving rudders. It is only. about
four inches long, but so great is it's
power that with only half an ounce
pressure on the slide valve the piston
is capable of lifting $50 pounds. 1t
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19
MRS. ROOSEVELT FAITHFULLY
OBSERVES LENTEN CUSTOMS
Presidents Frequently Afternoon
very Congress Right Use Mayhower for Private Pur
poses Abandon Cruise in Southern Waters for
Benefit of Health
Correspondence of The Journal.

Correspondence of The Journal.
Washington, March 16. Mrs.
Roosevelt is observing Lent more
faithfully than the majority of the
worshipers at st. Johns. She is a
frequent attendant at the afternoon
devotions usually walking over from
the White House unattended. She
makes iorg excursions on foot to the
homes Of friends, not in official life,
and often spends the morning with
them, sewing and embroidering. Mrs.
Roosevelt is not looking we'll, and
believe she hopes to join her sister in
the south, if she can leave Washing
ton. The controversy in congress over
the presidents right to use the May
flower for private purposes has caused
her to abandon the intention of talk
ing a short cruise, in southern waters
Life for the cabinet hostesses is
going along smoothly. With the ex-
ception of Mrs Shaw and Mrs. Taft,
all these women are in the city. Mrs.
HAY has had her plans somewhat dis
arranged by the death Of Mr.. Whit
new, for it has compelled Mrs. Payne
whitney to leave brownsville, where
she proposed to entertain her mother
during March. Mrs. Almeric Paget,
who arrived from Italy this week, will
be the guest of the Payne Whitneys
pending the settlement or the estate
The houseparty, which Mrs Whitney
intended to give in Georgia, has been
permanently abandoned. The Payne
Whitneys are occupying Mrs. Paget's
house, awaiting the completing of the
sumptuous mansion which Colone
Oliver Payne is erecting for his ia
vorite nephew, adjoining his owr
home on Fifth avenue.
Mrs. Knox is busy with her SICK
of al Yot
Ing or receiving until after her return
during the Easter season. Mrs. Hitch
cock and Mrs. Cortelyou are living
quietly. but receive callers on Wednes
days and are making their senatorial
and congressional calls. Miss Wilson
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

is somewhat gay, owing to her con-
slant attendance of the Walsh func-
TONS
Countess Marguerite Cassini has re-
nounced her idea of going to New
York during Lent, and will remain in
Washington continuously until May 1,
In Paris. OF course, she will accom-
pany the Russian ambassador and his
staff when the retinue moves to New
York to perform their Easter duties.
This is a picturesque ceremony and
tickets to the Russian church are in
great demand. The ambassador and
his secretaries wear full diplomatic
uniform and approach the altar with
clanking swords. This service re-
quires about five hours and is quite a
severe ordeal for the countess, who is
not very robust, but she faithfully fol-
lows the forms of the Greek church.
Nine. Pavloff's visit to Paris has
been prolonged because of the troubles
| in the east. She anticipates her hus-
| bands arrival some time next month.
M. Pavloff's departure from Korea
was dramatic in the extreme. He
was escorted across the frontier by a
regiment of soldiers and is now on
waiting orders in Picking. He has led
a strenuous life since his marriage in
this city just a year ago to the hand
some Mile. Irene des Planques. I'm
mediately after reaching Seoul, the
war clouds began to gather and fore
seeing the inevitable result, the minis
ter sent his wife to her parents In
Paris, last summer. According to d.
plomatic. opinion, M. Pavloff has
managed affairs with consummate
skill and will no doubt receive the
Chinese mission which he desires
when the olive. branch again hover.
DER the orient. M. Pavloff was trained
in diplomacy by Count Cassini and hi
! is proud to follow the methods Of hi
illustrious master. He served will
5 the Russian ambassador here, il
Paris, Vienna and for nearly six year.
in Picking. Count Cassini regards NJ
l Pavloff and for nearly six years i,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19
STERN SUBMERGED CHAMBER
Of the


has added only $40, 900 to her stock
In several other countries there has been
reduction.
In all of Europe the total gain in the
same interval has been $450,000.000, from
which is deducted the falling off In certain
nations of SIG, 900, and thus the net
increase is about SAX, 200. 900. At the pres
ent time our stock Of the yellow metal ex.
ceeds that Of all European countries, and
yet their population is nve times that Of
the United States.
The gold holdings Of the treasury are
to-day greater than ever before In the
history of the country aggregating 1884,
00O,00 in round numbers. A year ago
they were $615, 100000, which at that tins
was the high water mark. The gold cer-
tif1cates outstanding against this stock e
gold are $384000, 900.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

cult, leave them to act automatically
on coming into contact with the bot
tom of a hostile ship. The charge is
from rs to 100 pounds Of wet gum
cotton, which js considered sufficient
to utterly disable, If not sink, any YES
sci aloat.
Originally mine cases were con-
structed only for observation mines,
electro-contact mines being suspended
in the water from floating wooden
cases containing circuit-closers; on
ship humping the float the circuit was
closed and the charge exploded. Elec-
tro-contact mines are now enclosed In
cylindrical iron cases. Above the
charge and primer is the circuit-clos-
er, which allows the current to pass
thru the electric primer and explode
the charge when a ship comes into
contact with it.
Observation Glass of Mines.
Observation mines are either laid
on the bed Of a river or harbor or are
moored about fifty feet below the sur
face by means Of sinkers and mooring
ropes. Such mines cannot be exploded
by coming into contact with ship s
bottom, but have to be fired by an
operator on shore, who has the mine
field under observation and can de-
termine the precise moment for firing.
The service observation mine of
Great Britain contains 500 pounds of
wet guncotton, the charge being
packed in twenty-five copper cases,
the center one having hole In 1T for
the primer tin, which contains discs
of wet guncotton with decorators
ted. These observation mines are
generally laid out in groups, each
mine being about 120 feet from the
next one to it. The destructive area
of the 500-Dound mine is a circle
whose diameter is sixty feet, and q
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

group of six mines laid in line would
have a destructive influence capable
of defending channel 720 feet wide.
The Deadly Torpedo.
The arts Of shipbuilders and steel
makers stand for nothing when
Whitehead torpedo succeeds in strik-
ing a ships bottom and tears and
rends 1t with the explosion Of 200
pounds of guncotton. In the hands OF
ignorant and careless people the
Whitehead is nearly as dangerous to
it's friends as it is to It's foes, but IN
the hands Of skilful and resolute men
it is the most terrible engine Of WAR;
fare which the world has ever seen.
A torpedo is made up Of five-or by a
further subdivision, eight-segments,
namely:
/. The firing arrange 8. The buoyancy cham
2. The ae Explosive chant. The eevel wheel
8 TIE ar ensmes Der 8 The s.r.j and
Der. and propellers.
5. The engine cham ~ g.,
Der:
Inside the engine-room are the pro-
polling engines and the servo-motor.
The engines are Of the single acting
three-cylinder Brotherhood type. The
compressed air, after leaving the all
reservoir, passes thru the main pipe
to the pressure-reducing valve. In the
latest pattern, 1S-inch Whitehead, the
Indicated horse power is fifty-six. The
torpedo is started by means of a trig-
ger which projects a little beyond the
casing Of the torpedo and which au-
tomatically opens the starting valve
when the torpedo is fired.
In the center of the lower part Of
the buoyancy chamber is placed {
small heavy-rimmed f1ywheel or gy
roscope, about ~ pounds in weight
carefully suspended on gymbals Cik'
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19
London Sphere.

HEN Mr.. Phillips wrote
Va "a these lines he must have
"a IA | been thinking of the
" W submarine mine, tho
modern science has not
quite reached the stage
which the poet would
seem to indicate. In blowing up the
see the position Of the hostile ships,
tho the time may come when by press
ing a button it will be possible to AN
initiate fleets from afar.
The sinking of the Russian mining
transport, Yenissei, probably by a
blockade mine dropped by the Japan
csc at Port Arthur, Is an indication
that the Japs understand the use of
submarine mines no less than that of
torpedo craft. Blockade mines are
distinct novelties, usually laid in pairs
and connected by a cable, and the
theory Is that the Yenissei in trying
to secure the floating mine struck the
cable and dragged the other hidden
contact mine against her hull. Sub
marine mines may be defined as
charges of explosive contained in cases
moored beneath the surface of the wa
ter. They are divided into two main
classes, each of which may be still
further subdivided:
y Self-acting mines.
CD Controlled mines.
Self-acting Mines.
(1) Self-acting or contact mine:
are those which are fired automatical-
ly when a ships bottom comes into
contact with them. Once they have
been moored and rendered active BY
the removal Of a safety-pin they are
beyond control of the side which lait
them. Self-acting mines are divided
into:
(a) Mechanical mines.
(b) Electrical mines.
While the former are fired by me-
chanical ignition Of some kind or 9th
err, the latter are provided with cleo
trical ignition. In both cases explo
sion Is bound to take place when thu
mine Is struck by ship, whethe
hostile or friendly. Controlled mine
include all those which are fired b.
electricity and whose firing is unde
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

we'll as made him a large and sincere
circle Of personal friends, and his at
tractive young daughter, who has
grown up from a pretty schoolgirl to
one Of the most delightful hostesses IN
grieved at the present course of
events, and by their former residence
in the orient are able to follow the
fortunes of the Russian fleet with a
complete knowledge of affairs.
At the Japanese legation the minis
ter and his staff are keeping bachelors
hall, Nine. Takahira having returned
to Japan last summer to be near. her
children, who are at school in their
native land. The. Japanese minister,
like the Russian ambassador, has been.
prominent and popular in the social
life Of the capital, and has hundreds
of warm personal friends in the United
States.
The third assistant secretary Of
state and Mrs. H. III. D. Pierce sailed
last week for Europe, where Mr..
Pierce will make a tour Of the United
States consulates along the Mediter-
ranean.
Lady Herbert, widow of Sir Michael
Herbert, former ambassador from
Great Britain, sailed yesterday on the
Oceanic for England. Lady Herbert
| never at any time contemplated maxi
| ing her home in America, but spent
the past winter with her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. r. T. Wilson Of New York.
Her two sons, the eldest of which en-
tiers Elton this year, will be educated
| in England, where their mother will
continue to reside.
The engagement is announced OF
Mr.. Harold de Bildt, formerly Of the
Swedish Norwegian legation in Wash
/ ington, to Miss Elizabeth de Bonde
! daughter Of Count and Countess
Trolle- Bonde Of Trolleholm castle
Sweden.
1 General and Mrs. Corbin left New
York yesterday for three weeks
visit to Jekyl Island. General Corbir
/ is convalescing from a severe attacl
Of grip and has cancelled all engage
1nerts for the remainder of tbt
month.
Mrs. Spooner, wife of Senate
Spooner. entertained at luncheon TIL
| week at her home on f street. Tn
table was set in the tearoom, and tn
guests included Lady Durand, wife Q
the British ambassador: Mrs. Olive
!. Wendell Holmes, wife of Justic
a Holmes; Mrs. Hitchcock. wife Of tn
secretary Of the interior; Mrs. Chat
, fee, wife Of the chief Of staff; Mrs
i. Foraker, Mrs. Fairbanks, Mrs. Cowle.
) Mrs. John B. Henderson, Mrs. Francl
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

Mrs. Shaw and her daughters, Miss
Shaw and Miss Erma Shaw, will re-
turn from California the end of this
month.
The French ambassador and Nine.
Jusserand will visit New York In the
latter part Of March.
Miss Kathleen Clayton, sister Of
Baroness Moncheur and daughter Of
the United States ambassador to Mex
ico, arrived at the Belgian legation
this week
Count Hoyos of the Austrian en-
bassy has sailed for a vacation trip to
the West Indies
Chekib Bey, the Turkish minister,
who has been making trial trip on
the new Turkish cruiser Medjidia, has
returned to Washington. The minis
ter's two young sons. Osman Sureya
and Ali Haydar, who went with him,
particularly enjoyed the trip, and as
sisted in the ceremonies attending the
commissioning of the cruiser. The
guns Of the vessel were fired off Old
Point Comfort, Va, and the star and
crescent standard of Turkey was
raised at Hampton Roads. The Med
jidia will now proceed to Constants
nople to be formally delivered to the
! Turkish officials.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

Picking. Count Cassini regards M.
Pavloff as his logical successor at the
American capital, when age and in
trinity compel his retirement. The
Russian ambassador and Countess
Cassini will entertain a distinguished
dinner party Monday night.
The engagement of Miss Albertina
Taylor Winthrop, daughter Of Mrs
Robert Winthrop, of New York, to
T. H. van Rotten, charge d'affa1res of
the Netherlands legation, came as a
corps in Washington. The wedding
will be one of the social events Of the
season at Lenox, when Mr.. van Roijen
will depart for Holland prior to TAX
ing up a continental post as minister,
which has been promised him as a
we'll merited reward for his unceasing
labors in Washington during the time
of the delicate diplomatic duties Incl
dent to the formation Of The Hague
tribunal of arbitration.
The diplomatic corps has taken the
center of the stage in Washington dur
ing the past week with its numerous
engagements, entertainments and
movements. -Four prospective we'd
| dings in the corps are something quite
unusual at the national capital, where
it's bachelor members, altho eligible
| parts. are not often prone TO 1natrl-
monial alliances in this country. The
Clayton-Duff engagement which was
announced last week, was quickly fol-
lowed by that of the Langham-de
Faramond de Lafajole and the Win
throp-von Roijen announcement
which with the Ward-Riano engage
ment already. on the tapis causes in
ternational weddings to be a drug or
the market. The spring season there.
fore promises to be an unusually gay
one for the brides and bridegrooms and
their attendants, and many entertain.
ments., are being planned in their
honor.
Mrs. Robley D. Evans, wife of Real
Admiral Evans, U. S. NJ, of the Asiati,
squadron, who has been with he1
family in Japan for the past twt
years. is now in Paris en- route fo
Washington. Mrs. Evans Is accom-
panied by her son-in-law and daugh
ter, Mr. and Mrs. Sewell whose mar
riage took place last season at tn
, United States legation in Toxic
Japan. Mrs. Sewen is the younges
daughter Of Admiral and Mrs. Evans
; and as Miss Virginia Evans was on
! Of the most popular bellies of residen
) naval circles.
l q Among the notable weddings of tn
! Easter season will be that of Mis-
8 Sally Franklin Wainwright, tn
:. granddaughter several times re
| 10, Two III ~ .,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Dallas
Bache Wainwright Of this city, to
Lieutenant Henry Tilghman Bull, U.
S. A., which will take place at st. An
drew's church, Tuesday, April 5. Miss
Wainwright made her debut several
seasons ago and has been especially
popular in army and navy circles.
Lieutenant Bull, a Harvard man, and
now an officer of the Thirteenth cav
airy, is the son of Commander and
Mrs. James H. Bull. Mrs. Bull has
spent the winter in Washington, but
Commander Bull is stationed at Mare
island. With two months leave ahead
Of him, Lieutenant Bull sailed from
Manila on the Thomas on Feb. Is, so
he should reach Washington some
time after the middle of this month.
Then it is planned that bride and
groom will go back to the Philippines.
Lady William Pearce Rowland and
daughter, Miss Bessie Bethune of
Toronto, Can, who have been Wis
iting Judge and Mrs. silas Hare dur
ing the past week, have gone to Pine
hurst, N. c., for months stay.
The German ambassador, Baron
Speck Won Sternburg, and Baroness
Won Sternburg have announced the en-
gagement Of the Baroness Won Stern
burg's sister, Miss Ivy Langham, to
| Commander de Faramond de LafajOle,
naval attache Of the French embassy,
and one of the best known of the
younger diplomats. No date has been
fixed for the marriage, which will
probably take place in the early sum-
mer. Miss Ivy Langham is the
youngest of the three nieces Of Arthur
Langham, formerly Of Louisville, KY,
and now of London, and has been the
guest Of her sister, the Baroness Won
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

will of warfare terrlole
thing impossible, vain;
a man sha Sc his hand to a handle and W1ther
and fleets,
And shall exterminate armies,
a annhilate fleets
captain shall sit in and level city,
Mat far capital city
and broodeth IN winter,
in FROST
And and Gaul and the Br1ton
impossible
Discardng glittering legions, armadas OF iron
AS that DID,
Stephen Phillips.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19
CAUGHT A WARSHIPS PROTECTING NET
ism o.

consists of cylinder, a piston and a.
cylindrical slide valve. : Its balance
mechanism acts on the slide valve Of
the servo-motor, this acts on the pis-
ton, and the motion of the piston is
transmitted to the diving rudders by
means of a rod and system Of levers.
Thanks to the hydrostatic valve, the
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19
TELEPHONE REPARTEE.
Detroit Free Press.

.'Wllo are you:'
.'Who are you?'
81 asked you first
We'll, I won't talk unless know who you
are.''
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19
THE "UNSEEN DEATH" THAT MAKES WARFARE TERRIBLE

sefAcng Mines and Some Controlled Mines and How the
Latter Worked Defend Habors and
ton the woodworking Torpedo That Crumbles Mod
ern Batthip as Easily as Tho Made of Wood Instead
of Steel
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

Whitehead torpedo is almost certain
to hit the object at WHICH it is aimed.
In peace maneuvers the Whitehead
has often been run dead straight, with
no divergence either up or down or
from right to left, to distance OF
1000 yards.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

Burton Harrison, Mrs. Audenried and
Mrs. Herbert WadswOrth.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1904-03-19

. Among the notable weddings of the
Easter season will be that of Miss
Sally Franklin Wainwright, the
granddaughter. several times re-
moved, Of Benjamin Franklin and