davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

ors who came to the port, and, If they
refused to give the money, he seized
them and cut off their right hands.
This had been going on for many years
when along came Brabo, the David of
the story, who seized the giant and cut
off his right hand so that he was pow
erless to carry on his wicked work.
The statue in the Grand Place repre-
sents Brabo running and holding aloft
the giants hand. The statue faces the
cathedral, and in the same square is
the Hotel de Vile, an old house. with
rich ornaments in gold, which was the
residence of King Charles.
The Giants Castle" which for sew
eral centuries was used as a prison. is
now used as a museum and known as
the Musee du Steen. The town is rich
in art treasures. for it was the home
of Rubens and Van Dyck, statues of
whom adorn it's public squares. as do
also those of lesser artists. In its mu-
seums and churches are paintings by
the great masters of the Flemish
school
One of the most interesting of the
museums is the Musee Plantin. a GU
rious Flemish building of the 18th cen
fury, containing the home and the
printing Office of the celebrated print
err. Christopher Plantin.
visit to this building gives one a
very good idea of the house of a Flem-
ish gentleman OF the 18th century. AS
in all the larger Belgian residences,
there is an inner courtyard. The liv-
ing rooms are panelled in dark oak,
and in several cases the walls above
are covered with Spanish leather. The
furniture is that used by Christopher
Plantin, and is of deliberately carved
oak, and on the walls are beautiful
pictures, many of which are tie work
of Rubens.
The library contains books of almost
priceless value, among them hand IL
Illuminated Bibles. In the printing of.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
Sugar a Timber Preseryer.

Among new uses to which sugar has
recently been put is the preservation
Of timber. Much interest has been
aroused by the announcement, as the
result of a prolonged series of expert.
ments. of method of so treating TIM
Der as to secure even from soft wood
a largely increased toughness and
hardness. The treatment to which the
timber is subjected is, roughly speak
ing. that of saturation at boiling point
with a solution of sugar, the water
being afterward evaporated at a high
temperature. The result is to leave the
pores and interstices of the wood filed
in with solid matter and the timber
vulcanized, preserved and seasoned.
The nature of moderately soft wood,
it is claimed. is in this way changed to
a tough and hard substance, without
brittleness, and also without any ten
dency to split or crack.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
THE MIDNIGHT MAIL.

Resonant full, and deep
Is the voice OF the Midnight Mail;
Il rolls through the shadowy realms of
sleep
When the high moon CLEANS on the rail.
1t startles the browsing oak
And the clustered pines reply,
And the gray battaiions of goblin smoke
Hang moyeless under the say.
But oh, not the ,ord,y notes
That waken the dreaming hill,
Nor the cloud-white plume that backward
floats,
Nor the c3amor that warns, Il llill"-
Not the drifting smoke above,
Nor the transient furnaee-glare--
But the freightage OF sorrow and joy and
love
Which the Midnight Mail doth bear!
The great, swift wheeis-the long
Yellow chain of squares agleam-
1t is not for these that the poets song
Is blent with the roar of steam.
Not the triumph of splendid arts,
Nor the prince of the Dassionless rail
But the anxious eyes and the beating hearts
That wait for the Midnight Mall
William Hurd Hillyer, in Lippincott's
Magazine.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
An Electric Typewriter.


II by the use of an applied power the
ordinary typewriter could be operated
by depressing the keys one-eighth OF
an inch, requiring only the lightest
touch to produce both the ordinary
impression of the type face and the
powerful stroke necessary for mani
folding, such a machine would reduce
by fully four-ffths the exertion which
the operator is compelled to put forth
in running one of the ordinary ma
chimes. II is just such a machine
which a Connecticut inventor has pro
iuced, as illustrated in the picture 1t
has its own individual motor, with con
lection to an incandescent electric
light socket. and is stated to require
about one-fourth as much power to
operate it as is consumed in a sixteen
candle power light The type in this
machine is formed on the face of a
Wheel making partial revolutions in
either direction before being depressed
. the paper. Upon depressing any key
ever so little there is a swift whirl
Of the type wheel, blow on the pa
per, and the wheel is back in place
before the operator can possibly touch
the next letter of the word he is writ
ing. Even the movements of the car
rage is controlled by levers, two lit
tie friction disks being brought into
contact with the rapidly revolving
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
Dust Treatment Succession.

Several roads in the environs Of
Paris were tarred last year to combat
the dust evil. The Inspector General
of Roads and Bridges went over them
recently, and found them in excellent
condition. During his tour of inspec-
ton a number of automobiles tarred
some roads to demonstrate the facility
of the operation. The cost is less than
cent per square metre Oess than two
square yards), and the road thus
treated is said to retain its surface al
most indefinitely.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
New Agricultural Combination.

New Agricultural Combination.
With all his reapers, binders, now
ers, drain drills and other farm ma
chinery and a modern electric plant to
furnish power for them, the two hand
implements will continue to be used
on the farm. But if the inventor can
not succeed in disposing of these i'm
plements entirely, he has come to the
conclusion that he can at least com
bine the two in such a manner as to
make one handle serve for both, and
also shape the teeth of the rake so
that they will intermesh and form the
hoe. How this has been accomplished
can best be understood by studying
the drawing, where the combination is
shown in both its forms The handle
is provided with triangular clamping
head, with thumbscrews which hold
the two sections of the implement in
either position. When placed end to
end, with the teeth projecting in the
same direction, a fairly respectable
rake is produced, while to form a hoe
the two sections are meshed together,
the teeth of one entering the slots of
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

shaft of the motor by depressing keys
labeled "R" and IT, to move the car
riage to the right or left. Touching a
slide on the left side OF the machine
makes the carriage stop any number
of spaces from the end of the line to
start paragraph. When the carriage
is moved to the right to start a new
line small lever, striking an inclined
track, traverses the incline to the top
and gives the platen a turn to space
the sheet Of paper for the new line
The linking of the type wheel is done
by small felt roller suspended in the
path which the wheel is compelled to
travel in making its impression, and
there are the usual number of car
rage adjustments for space, marginal
and tabulating stops.
g. C. Blickensderfer of Stamford.
Conn, is the inventor.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
GAYETY IN ANTWERP
Kirmess Time scene Of JoIIity


Several years ago the so-called kir-
mess was a popular form of entertain
ment in America. Young and old par
tlcipatad in the festival, and, dressed
as Dutch peasants, we sang and dan
ced, played Dutch games and supposed
ourselves to be following the Dutch
customs. 1t may be that in villages
the kirmess is celebrated in this fash
ion. but in the larger towns and cities
of Belgium and Holland the fete bears
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
An Ancient Jest.

Hippocrates drew his lancet to per-
form his first operation of bleeding the
patient
Behold, brother" he said, 81 know
naught of metallurgy, nor am one to
waste time delving in earth for pre-
cious metals, but l have been pros
pecting around here long enough to be
reasonably sure that l am about to
open up a rich vein"
Whereupon the patient groaned and
kicked the bucket to save time.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

cars, parks, beautiful public buildings
and quaint, old streets.
The old legend of Brabo and the
giant is very generally believed by the
people, and in the Grand Place is
fine bronze statue erected to the hero
of the story. 1t seems that hundreds
of years ago there lived at Antwerp a
very cruel giant. whose castle still
stands on the river front. 1t was his
custom to extort money from the sail
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

Old Uncle Ben wanted to have his
portrait painted. but he did not care
to pay very much for it.
Surely that is a very large sum-"
he said when the artist named the
price.
The artist protested and assured him
that, as portraits went, that was very
little to ask.
Uncle Ben hesitated. "Well." he
said at length, "how much will it be II
l furnish the paint?"-Lippincott's.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
We'll, | don't know, ma'am. -
That's ENOUGH.

MUMMY don't see why I should in
vest any money in pushing your inven-
ton.
Maydit-Why not? The things ON
the market now.
Munny-But it doesn't work as you
say it does.
Maydit-It works the public. What
more do you want?
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
Darlna Man.

I'm anxious to get the names of all
present" said the reporter. "will you
oblige me
ooh said the meek little man, you
may put down Mrs Henry Peck and
husband
You mean Mr. and Mrs Henry
Peck don't you?"
Il would prefer that" he replied.
with a furtive glance over his shout
der. but for goodness sake don't say
that | gave it to you that way"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
|
OF IL, DY'
a Ereak.

"Avaunt and quit me sight" says
cur heroine. Il point the finger Of fate
at you'll"
Our Hero. Patrick O'Tunder-for it
is indeed that worthy man-smiles his
best smile and replies with much ami
nation:
The finger ay fate? shure, if yure
fate has fingers yez ought to drS0
enough wages in a dime-muse-um to
spport the unfareh'nit mon thot gifts
We fer a husband"
And having thus retorted. he speed
lily "avaunts. Judge.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
Real KnowIedqe.

'Of course" said the amateur bassos
with a self-camplacent air, sits good
thing to know that you can s. so
that"
HUH" interrupted one of his dis
gusted auditors. fits still better to
know that you can't "-Philadelphia
Ledger.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
Hluh speed EIectrln g.

One hundred miles an hour is the
speed which the Aurora, Elgin and
Chicago Electric Railroad Company
expects to make this fall in a test
run. A motor car equipped with a
special gear is being manufactured
The result of the test is counted upon
to demonstrate as never before the
possibility of electric railroad traffic.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

Miss Olde-Harry said he'd like us
to be married in balloon. He's fond
of freak marriages.
Miss Rose-But why go to the trou-
BILE of going up in balloonT
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

WaItIHg TOT inc FFoper age.
Proud Mamma-You haven't kissed
the baby.
Bachelor -Um-er-I1l try to
remember next time. I'll kiss her
when I-er-come back from China.
when will that be?"
'Let-me-see. In about sixteen
years.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

the other and forming smooth sur
face, with the lower edge sharpened
to cut weeds and till the soil after
the manner of an ordinary hoe.
Alan C. Miller of Newark, N. J., is
the inventor
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
plain Reasons.

Plain Reasons.
Harry-Blanche says she has In
superable reasons for remaining
single
Horace-Yes, know what they ara.
Harry-Then she has told you?
Horace-No, but have seen her.
Boston Transcript
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..

This is the chicken salad" said the
caterers boy. as he delivered the pack
age. Il guess it was your husband
that ordered it sent, ma'am."
YES" said Mrs Nuwed. Here's
the money. Now, how do you make
it?"
We'll, l don't know, ma'am."
you don't. oh, but my husband
told me if paid you you'd give me
the receipt"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

Dye know. Holligan, you look like
the divil wild a mustache"
'Yis; I'm goin' to shave it off"
Lave it on; Yell look worse with
out it.''-Life.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12

G6X XST ANT me, Major?"
AN eyes, Adjutant. L do.
V " 1 want you to give
n111. crt1nctc hnr.n n IL
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1904-01-12
By SANDY REDT0P.

K = fs XXX XIX 3E}sg XXX i
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
SENATE,

D1SC. NaluCs
hudson LaMoure
Pr A. Garnett :.
3-Thomas johnson
I'D J. L. Cashel :.
5-Horace F. Arnold
~E. K. Spoonheim
Err ]. D. Bacon :.
John D. TAYLOR {.
s-*r P. Herbrandsoi
81. B. Hanna :.
&C. H. Anheier :.
S Tonnes Thams
10-*r Geo. D. Brown
11-Frank S. Talcott
I'D A. Benson 80,
13-John Fl. Dyste =,
$ Kittel Halvorsor
14-<r Ed. Pierce -.
15-Geo. M. Young
*Hugh Mcdonald
16-*r Maynard Crane
17-Iver Swenson =.
*Wm. n. Hensey
Q Robert Grant
1S-~r Henry Mclean
&c. I. F. Wagner.
"A. N. Bourassa.
8 G. R. Petite >.
20-*r A. J.. Kirkeide
21--Andrew ]. Stade
"A. B. Kerlin :.
22-*r R. w. Main =.
ss-J. w. Sifton. -.
24-*r 7. B. Sharpe. d.
25-T. H. Thatcher
*Edwin N. Leiby.
$ w. H. Jones =.
26-rr A. Mcdonald .
&C. B. Little 900.
id Geo. F. Dullam
esd D H Macarthur
29-H. H. Steele go.
IF. E Davidson .
30-*r H. 6. Voss :,
81. A. Simpson :.
32-<r J. D. Carroll
33-J. Austin Regain
~Thorstein Robbl,
p A. ]. Sayer -.
$ Andrew Cream.
34-*r R. A. Fox -.
35-Aug. E. Johnson
36-+r G. O. Gulack.
S7-Emil A. Movius
Geo. VanArnam
3s-*i-d H. o. Hagen
39-Anton T. Kraabel
40-*d c. W. Plain
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
MISSOURI SLOPE ITEMS.

An aerie of Eagles has been organ
ICED in Mandan.
Editor Streeter is back from the
fair at st. Louis and finds it as big as
reported.
The first carload of wheat ever ship
ped from Belfield, Stark county, went
to market this week. The wheat belt
Is moving westward. I'd
! About dozen persons from Coopers-
town are witnesses at Dickinson in
the Clinic murder case. They are to
establish the reputation Of Clinic
while . resident OF that locality.
Billings County Republican: The
reservoir claim, in the suburb Of town,
which A. B. Kellogg recently proved
mp on, is said to have the largest ca
pacfty Of any iii the state. and at pres
ent contains several million gallons of
Hater. s5 ISL 5s5.. ..,. AZ.
Billings County Republican: j. w.
Boyer returned from Bismarck Sunday
hight, and will build Mr.. Martins
house. Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph
Price Of Bismarck are here improving
heir homestead and incidentally visit.
ing at = 4. Denton's.
Emmons County Advocate: Az IN
ndication' Of the prosperity 81 our
armers this year, the register % deeds
kent very busy now-ardays canesi-
Msg ci.attsI mort Good crops
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
Foot Ball-Minnesota and Wisconsin

Foot Ball-Minnesota and Wisconsin.
The greatest game of the season of
1904 will be played at Northrop Field
in Minneapolis, November 18th. Spe-
cial low round trip rates from all 500
Line stations for the occasion. Tickets
will be sold from stations east OF
Rhinelander for train leaving the
500 November 18th; from Rhinelander
and west November 18th and 18th,
also for train 10S leaving Portal Nov
ember 10th, and trains leaving Bis
marck and Portal November 18th. Ask
your nearest 500 Line agent for full
particulars.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
NORTH DAKOTA STANDS VEL

Awards Of Prizes Proves the Merit Of
North Dakota's Agricultural Dis,
play at St. Louis.
North Dakota's standing at St. Louis
Is proven by the awards made to the
state by the judges: North Dakota
made 100 entries in the agricultural
division and got 1874 awards from the
primary judges, consisting of four
grand prizes, sixty-seven gold medals,
thlrty-six silver medals and seventeen
bronze medals.
The superior jury on passing on the
awards made some alterations under a
rule that had been established, but not
made known at the time of the judy
ing. This resulted in cutting down a
number OF awards in all the states.
North Dakota among the rest. This
rule was that an entryman could re-:
ceive only one award in any one group.
For instance, he might have the best
wheat, barley, oats, fax, or other pro.
duct in that group, in fairness emitting
him to several medals; but under this
ruling he. was given but one award.
In this way North Dakota was cut
down to forty-two gold medals, the
other awards standing.
To compensate for his, however. and:
In consideration of the general excel
lence Of the exhibit, the superior Jury.
increased the number Of grand prizes:
awarded the state to ten.
This was not satisfactory to the ones
most concerned, namely the farmers,
for the grand prizes all go to the state.
while the various medals go to the in
dtvidual exhibitors. Several states
have therefore made protests against
these changes, and there is q possibili-.
ty that the original awards will stand. !;
One OF the awards which greatly
,pleases North Dakota people is that
on -four, giving North Dakota equal
prestige with the famous mills Of,
Minneapolis ss
Another matter Of interest YES the
grand prize awarded the durum (nac.
aroni) wheat Of North Dakota and the
ItsIian paste products made t1erefrom,
# being bslieyed ~ North Dakota
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26

Two Through Tourist Cars to Call
fornia.
The Chicago Great western Railway
offers choice Of two through tourist
cars every week to California, one
leaving Minneapolis and st. Paul
Tuesday via Omaha and the Rock Is-
land Route. the other leaving on
Thursday via Kansas City and the
Santa Fe Route. For further informa-
ton apply to any Great Western Agent
or j. P. Elmer, G. P. A., Chicago, Ill.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
and, wheat at 81 per bushA tells their

and wheat at 81 per bushel tells their
story on every hand.
Mandan Times: VIM. H. Brown and
a number of his sales solicitors passed
through Mandan Thursday with a
special car of forty-one land seekers
for Hettinger county. This special
car is from Illinois and is the first of
number which Mr.. Brown intends
running into North Dakota this fall.
Linton Record: States Attorney
Lynn made a business trip to Bismarck
Thursday Of last week. While there,
Mr.. Lynn got the Van de Vorste case
put off until the week following elec-
ton. As the case was called for the
day after election. it would not have
given some Of those connected with
the case chance to vote.
Linton Record: Yesterday there
was close call for DR.. Hogue's drug
store A gasoline stove set fire to the
building and had it not been that the
doctor and his wife were both present
the building would undoubtedly have
burned and in which case the entire
lot of buildings on the west side of
Broadway would have gone up in
smoke Linton needs some kind of
fire protection.
Hazelton Republican: Jacob Kali
berer, ST., whose farm is just west Of
Hazelton, threshed> his grain last week,
and got the following results: From
- acres of oats he got 1926 bushels;
from II acres of spells. SOS bushels;
from 2 acres of barley, 1872 bushels,
and from 80 acres of wheat 400 bush
els, making 1915 bushels of crop from
81 acres. We don't believe Mr.. and
Mrs. Kalberer care to dispose of the
old homestead. With such crop yields
and what cattle, hogs, horses and gar.
den stuff they can raise, where could
they do better?
Mandan Times: Word was brought
to this city Thursday night that Bruce
Chapman, better known as Tom Bruce,
had been killed in a two foot we'll
which he and others were digging on
the farm of Mike Grugel east of the
Little Heart river. The facts as near
as we could learn were that Thursday
afternoon they struck shale in the we'll
and Mr.. Chapman started down with
a crowbar to loosen the obstruction
when down about thirty-five feet he
called to the men to haul him up and
when about fifteen feet from the top
his hold gave way and he fell to the
bottom, about fifty-five feet, killing
him instantly. 1t is supposed that he
was overcome with gas.
Mandan Pioneer: The recent Meth
odist conference which was held at
Park River transferred Rev. Louis
Magin from this city to Bismarck. To
many this is quite surprise as Rev.
Magin had just began to get the
church in shape that he thought it
should be and had diligently labored
with what at first seemed to be an
impossible proposition, to move the
church to a more central location. He
not only accomplished this but raised
enough money to make some other
valuable improvements, besides to lift
a former Indebtedness. We are sorry
that conference found it necessary
to take the action it did. Just who
comes here is mystery from the re-
ports as yet, as Mandan seems to
have been left out.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26

County Judge-M. J. Mckenzie. a%2
County Superintendent C. L. Vigness
Coroner-william A. Bentley.
County surveyor-Walter Shelton.
Justices-C. Kaiser, Gust Johnson, L
D. Bailey, G. J. Larson.
Constables-J. Savage, George Manley
Nels White. T. Asbridge.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26

farmers that this productive wheat has
come to stay and will prove a leading
product of the state in short time.
All in all, the people of North Da-
kota have every reason to feel proud
over the results obtained and well sat-
isfied with the showing made in the
agricultural division of the big fair.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
Congressional.
For Congress-
Thos. +. Marshall, Cakes.
A. J. Gronna, LAkota.

State.
Presidential Electors
B. 8. Russell, Stutaman.
Samuel Richardson, Ward.
Roger Allin. Walsh.
J. F. v. Keibert, Oliver.
Justices Supreme Court
N. G. Young, Cass.
Edward Engerud. Cass.
Governor
e. Y. Sarles, Trail.
Lieutenant Governor
David Bartlett, Grigss.
Secretary Of State
e. F. Porter. Foster.
Auditor
H. L. Holmes. Pembina.
Treasurer
A. Peterson. Sargent. ii
supt. Of Public Instruction
W. 1. stockwell Walsh. "
Attorney General r. ~.
G. N. Erich, Nelson.
Commissioner Of Insurance
E. c. Cooper, Grand Forks.
Com'r. Of Agriculture and Labor
W. 9. Gilbreath. Morton.
Railroad Commissioners-
G. 8. Deisem, LaMoure., =,
John Christianson, McHenry.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
Advertised List.


The following is the list of letters
remaining uncalled for at the post
Office at Bismarck. N. D., for the week
ending October % 1904:
Anderson, A. o.
Bly,, Frank.
Carlson, Lillian.
Doe, WI.
Frankel, L. G.
Haugen, Oliver.
Koth, Ottelda.
Miller, John N.
Marsh, Mart.
Mock, VIM. (2)
Nelson, Sam c.
Olson, John w.
Pldnkett, Eben.
Paul, Charles.
Reddin, Della.
Skanlind, John.
Somes, John S.
Warren, J. L.
WEIGH, Orr.
In calling for the shove letters.
please say advertised and give date
of this notice. Letters will be held
IA days before being sent to the Dead
Letter Office. Agatha g. Patterson.
postmaster.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
REPUBLICAN TICKET.
National.

For President
Theodore Roosevelt, Of New York
For Vice-President-
c. W. Fairbanks, Of Indiana.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1904-10-26
LEGISLATIVE NOMINEES.
Complete List of Legislative Nominees
Certified to the Secretary Of state,
Their Politics and Post Office Ad-

:, democrats; n, holdover republican; ID,
holdover democrat; id, independent democrat;
S, socialist; p, prohibtionist; sid, independents
democrat holdover; all other republicans.
SENATE