davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

because of men and delay IN starting
across the sea ice, due to the fact that
his headquarters were too far south of
the Polar ocean. Nansen had previ-
ously reached Sc degrees and IA min
utes north latitude, and Duke of Abruzzi
86 degrees. "a minutes. so that there are
two explorers who have penetrated far
ther north than Peary. The latter spent
the winter Of 1901-02 at Payer Harbor,
near Cape Sabine. On March 8, 1902 an
advance party of six sledges, under the
command of Mr.. Peary's colored serv-
ant, Matt Henson, started to transport
provisions to Fort Conger, and on the
sixth IL more sledges left Cape Sabine.
From Fort Conger it was necessary to
carry supplies to the edge of the ocean
at Cape Hecla, and thus difficult pre-
llm1nary journey of more than 400 miles
had to be accomplished before the ex-
petition could leave the land-a Jour-
ney that would have been unnecessary
had the expedition carried a. party
strong enough to establish a headuuar-
tiers at the limit of solid land.
On April 1, with Henson, four Es-
qulmos and six sledges, the leader set
forth over the rough ice of the Polar sea.
After Is days, confronted by small foes.
OF which the edges were crumpled into
mounds sometimes SO feet high by the
pressure OF the pack, he was forced to
abandon further advance He reached
Cape Hecla on April "a and continued
to Cape Sabine, where he arrived on
April 20. The auxiliary steamer Wind
ward, bearing Mrs. Peary and her daugh-
ter, Marie Anneghito. who was born in
the frozen north during the expedition
of 1898, reached Payer Harbor on Au-
gust 5, took off the explorer and his
party and made towards home.
The plans to reach the pole in the fu-
ture, as announced by Mr.. Peary, are an
evolution of schemes put forward at diff
ferent times by various explorers, name
ly: A headquarters on the furthest at
tainable land, supported by line of
caches down to the limit of regular nav
igation; large supporting party to re-
plenish' the supplies of the caches and
of the headquarters; and dash with
light party over the ice foes. The new
features of Mr.. Peary's plan are light
pioneer party to go in advance of the
main party, for the purpose of mapping
out a route, and the use of Esquimaux
in the preliminary work. In fact, the
expedition has in mind the redistribution
of the entire tribe of Whale sound Es-
quimaux in series of settlements ex-
tending from Cape Sabine in the south
to Cape Hecla, the proposed point Of
departure Of the "dash for the pole.'
With plans carefully laid, and Com
mander Peary's long experience in arc
tic exploration to overcome the diff
culties, there is reason to hope and ex-
pect that he will reach the goal OF his
ambition, If it is possible for man to
reach the pole at all.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23
SENATOR'S FROM KANSAS

John T. ingalls, ''fated succession"
is wildly recalled to mind by the
present trouble in which Senator
Burton finds himself. The brilliant
Atchison statesman so designated the
line Of Kansas United States senator's
that started out with Gen. James H.
Lane.
Those in~ the "fated succession"
says the Topeka Capital. were James
H. Lane, Edward G. Ross, Robert
lCrozier, Alexander Caldwell, James
M. Harvey, Preston B. Plumb, Bish-
OPP K. Perkins. John Martin, Lucien
Baker and the present Senator J.
Ralph Burton. Lane committed sui.
eide. Ross committed political sui
eide by voting against the impeach-
ment Of Andrew johnson, and was
driven out of his party. Crozier,
who served about a year by appoint
ment, died without leaving a single
mark by which his brief senatorial
career can be remembered. Caldwell
resigned after two years service to
Escape investigation.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23
COURT DECISIONS.

The statute requiring notes given for
patent rights to state that fact on their
faces is held, in state VS.. Cook (Tenn.) J.,
81 L. R. A. ia, not to be unconstitutional
Upon trial of an Indictment for mur-
der proof of the killing of a third person
is held, in people VS.. Molineux IN. W,
62 L. r. A. 1913, not to be admissible. A
very elaborate note, to this case reviews
all the other authorities on evidence of
other crimes in criminal cases.
The statutory prohibition of the manu-
facture or sale of baking powder con-
tanning alum is held, in state VS.. Layton
(Mo.), 62 L. R. A. 1853, not to be unconsti-
tutional in view Of the dispute as to
the fact of its wholesomeness, which
prevents the court from taking judicial
notice that it is wholesome and innocu-
Gus.
Necessary medical attendance fur
nished a husband temporarily incapaci-
tated by illness, who is actually a part
of the family, living with it as such, is
held, in Leake VS.. Lucas (Neb.), 62 L. r.
A. 1870, to come fairly within the rule of
the statute making the wife liable. as
surety for necessaries 3 furnished the
family. ..5s< s.. !. - Il
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

The third TIP, or rather trips, for
1896 and 1897 saw Commander Peary
making summer trips to Meteorite
island, was devoted to the securing of
the meteorites previously discovered
One meteorite called the "Woman,"
and weighing $500 pounds, and an
other the Dog" somewhat smaller,
were successfully placed on board the
Kite and brought back home. Peary,
In the following year QS97), returned
and, after tremendous and marvellous
Skill, succeeded in bringing down to the
shore and placing upon the Hope the
9O-ton meteorite called the "Tent," be-
cause of its peculiar shape.
Peary returned from his fourth ex-
petition to Greenland and his attempt
to reach the pole in 1902, and still be-
lleves in the Smith sound route There
are two routes, the Franz Josef Land
route and the Behring strait route, and
although in 1902 there were various
polar expeditions from the different
routes, the vexed question as to the best
route was not settled. Mr. Evelyn B.
Baldwin, whose deliberately equipped
and expensive expedition set out to gain
the pole by way of Franz Josef Land,
failed, it is said, because of bad ma
terial in the party and owing to in
s~ +hcient equipment. The trouble
gro"ing out of the abortive attempt,
and TIC dissatisfaction of Mr.. Zeigler,
who furnished the funds for the expedi-
ton, are still fresh in the public mind.
The only explorer who returned in
1902 with valuable discoveries was Capt.
Otto Sverdrup, who was commander
of the Fran during Nansen's drift across
the Arctic ocean in 1895, and who had
set forth in the same vessel in 1898 to
make explorations in Greenland waters.
Peary, as we have said, still believes in
the Smith sound route, and will try for
the pole again from that direction. In
his dash for the pole" in 1902 he found
himself unable to proceed beyond lati-
tude "a degrees and II minutes, Mainly
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

being favorable, he is the one who can
reach it.
In 1886 Peary made a summer voyage
and reconnaissance of the Greenland in
land ice, and it was preliminary to the
splendid arctic work which Mr.. Peary
was to do later. The first expedition was
made in 1892, and consumed 13
months, spent in northern Greenland.
A 1,2O0-sledge journey was made across
the ice cap of Greenland, and the crown
ing success of the expedition was the
determination Of the insularity of
Greeland.
One year later, in 1893, Commander
Peary again penetrated to north Green
land, and made a 25-months' stay there.
He again covered 1900 miles by dog
sledges, crossed the ice cap again, COM
pleted; the study'of the Whale sound ma
tives. and made detail survey of that
region. In addition to this, the explorer
made the discovery of the great Cape
York meteorites.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23
MAKING PRECIOUS STONES

Rudolph Oblatt, chemist and ex-
pert on precious stones, is reported 70
have invented a process for the fusing
of particles of ruby, known as ruby
waste, into stones of commercial
size. The stones which he has pro-
duced have received considerable at
tention from local biologists and are
pronounced genuine. He selects, says
the New York Commercial, from the
small, rough, genuine ruby particles
whose colors and qualities are prac-
tically the same. One chip he places
upon the top of q U-shaped platinum
tube. He then applies the heat, which
is concentrated by special process
and forced upon the ruby with an air
spressure of 800 pounds. AZ the chip is
matted ne adds othsr chips until he.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

phon with his 10000 men on their re-
turn to Europe.
The fleet which the various internal
tional treaties, and the Turkish fortifi-
cations have locked in the Black sea
number among its ships some of tho
best in the Russian navy. The fleet is
also comparatively modern, as it has all
been built since 1886, when the first
three ships were laid down. The feet
consists of three first and five second
class battleships, and while not large.
as modern fleets go, it would give Rus
STA strong fleet for far eastern service
If it could be added to the Baltic fleet
and what is left of the Pacific fleet.
The three first class battleships, Cath
crime H., Tchesme and Sinope are mon
sters of their kind. Their measure
ments are as follows: Displacement.
10,180 tons; length between the perpen-
diculars. 800 feet; beam, 50 feet;
draught, rs feet. The compound armor
belt has maximum thickness Of Is
inches, and the triangular rebout is
plated with ten inches. This redoubt,
or citadel, is special feature 1t pre-
sents it's base to the bows, and, mas
much as two 12-inch Sc ton guns are
coupled en- barbette at each of the an
giles, the bow fire is exceedingly power
full. The six heavy guns are mounted
on the disappearing guns principle, and
only show over the top of the redoubt
when about to fire. OF the seven six
inch guns, four are also disposed for
bow fire and three directed astern.
Another remarkable vessel in this
fleet is the Trisuititelia, which is the
heaviest protected ship in the world.
Some of the vessels of this feet are
speedy, running from 16 to 10 knots an
hour. The Rostislav burns oil for fuel
and made Is knots on her trial trip.
Whether or not this fleet win Sue
coed in getting out of the trap in which
it is caught by International complica-
tons is question that only time can
answer, but If it does it should give
good account of itself in the far east.
or it will at least prove whether or not
the Russians are adopts at naval con-
struction, for the entire fleet is neces-
sarily of Russian build
DANIEL CLEVERTON.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

scri5ing his first journeys into the po-
lar regions when he says: "The con-
slant incentive in my work has been
an ineradicable feeling that l saw
something before me worthy and posi-
BILE of accomplishments and that could
never have content until. it was done,
Or that l had satisfied myself that I was
not the one to do it," And the prepara-
tons which Peary is making for fifth
try for the pole is proof that he still be-
lieves that the pole can be reached and
that there is no good reason that he
should not be the one to win the prize.
In fact, every successive expedition
which the commander has made has
strengthened his convictions that the
pole can be reached, and that conditions
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

this time as to threaten war upon Rus
STA unless these demands were COM
piled with, and for a time it seemed as
though all Europe would become en-
tangled in one great contest. Russia,
seeing herself far outclassed in fight
ing strength by the combinations
formed against her, finally consented
to the calling of congress, and it met
at Berlin on June -, 1878, with Prince
Bismarck as president. The congress
settled the many vexed problems con-
fronting Europe at that time, and
among other things left the Darda-
nelles closed. 1t was during the ses-
sions of this congress that the compile
ton of a treaty of alliance between
England and Turkey was announced,
an announcement which played a
prominent part in the settlement of the
Dardanelles question before the con-
gress.
AS this congress was participated in
by all of the great powers Of Europe
and as all were parties to the treaty
concluded there, the passage of the
Black Sea fleet through the Dardanelles
even with the consent of Turkey would
be an affront to every nation of Europe
if they wished to consider it such. That
England would oppose it, even to the
extent of declaration of war, there
can be but little doubt, for it would
confront her with new danger for
her possessions in India and the Medi-
terranean.
The narrow straits which connect the
Mediterranean with the Sea Of Mar
mora and the Black sea have played
a prominent part in the history Of Eu-
rope from the earliest times. Xerxes
with an army estimated by historians
ut more than 100000, including camp
followers, crossed the straits on
bridge of boats at the time of his dis
astrous campaign against the Greeks,
480 B. c. All the land invasions of Eu-
rope by the Asiatics necessarily fol-
lowed the same route.
The straits were not fortified until
the reign of Mohomet Nv. in 1859, I'M
der whose direction there was built the
castles of Sestos and Abydos on oppo-
site shores. The building of these cas-
ties virtually marked the closing of
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

the straits to the commerce and tbs
navies of the world, excepting at the
will of Turkey, until the treaty of Paris
unrestricted passage of merchant ves-
sells.
England felt tho strength of the
Turkish Notifications in 1907 when she
sent fleet of warships past them to
compel the sultan to renounce an al
lance he had made with Napoleon, and
renew an alliance with England. Tho
Turks were SO taken by surprise n.y.
the act of England that they did not
seriously oppose the entrance of the
naval fleet, but when, at the end of
week, the feet was forced to repass
the forts it was only at a great loss
to the English.
There is nothing in Turkey upon
which money is so lavishly expended
as upon the Notifications on both sides
OF these straits. Gen. Miles inspected
these Notifications at the time Of his
visit to Turkey during the Greco-Turk-
1sh war, and says of the Notifications
along the Dardanelles:
For several miles after entering the
straits (from Constantinople) there are
no forts, the channel being wide and
the banks high; but about ten miles
from the mouth the stream narrows and
there Is a sharp bend. Here are the
most formidable works defending Con-
stantinople, consisting of ten forts on
the European side and five on the ASH
attic. All of these forts have been mod
ernized and mount the heaviest of re-
cent guns. After passing this point OF
and there are no more Notifications
until the mouth is reached. Here again
the banks bristle with guns"
| From the Black sea Constantinople
is protected by the Notifications along
the Bosphoros. Should the Black sea
| fleet attempt to pass into the AEGEAN
these are the first Notifications they
! would encounter. Along either bank
of this 20 miles of narrow waterway
are stretched II forts. Some of these
are so antiquated as to be comparative
ly useless, but many of them are mod
ern and mount heavy ordnance. Some
of the older ones date back as far az
the fourteenth century. The pictur-
esque Roumelia Hissar, or Castle of
Europe is among the most interesting
of all the forts along the Bosphoros
but it is comparatively useless. The
Bosphoros, like the Dardanelles, is IA
nous in history. Darius with his 700.-
900 men crossed here, as did also Keno
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

Harvey, although he had been
governor Of his state and had made
a fairly good reputation as such.
made a very Insignificant senator, and
was, after three years serviSA defeat
ed for reelection and droppe1 out Of
political life. Plumb died in Office
at Washington. Perkins served a
brief term by appointment and is
scarcely remembered as senator.
Martin served two years. and left the
senate poorer in purse and with less
prestige than he possessed when he
went in. Baker was almost a total
failure, and his crushing defeat for
reelection at the hands of Burton Is
still warm in the memory Of the peo-
pie of Kansas.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23
IS AFTER THE POLE.
PEARY TO MAKE HIS FIFTu ~
petition TO THE NORTH
PREPARING VERY CAREFULLY
Confident That he Will Succeed Thi.
T1me-something About His
Former Expeditions to
the Land of ice.

!: J: !: q: !: !: !: !: i: !:
~ OMMANDER ROBERT F.
A(A PEARY, of the United States
M navy, who already has made
NIX four attempts to reach the
@A99 north pole and plant the
~ Stars and Stripes upon the
spot which scientists fell MS
Is cut by the axis of the earth's rotation
is making careful preparations for a
nth expedition into the frozen north
and this time the intrepid and persistent
explorer expects to win the prize which
has tempted so many to risk life and en-
dure every hardship and peril to gain
commander Peary proposes to sail
next July, fix his permanent base at
cape Sabine, push on to winter ouar-
ters on the northern coast of Grant land
at cape Hecla, and make 1.-The dash for
the pole" In February of next year a
month earlier than upon previous expe-
d1tIons. 1t is said that the German ant
arctic exploring steamer, the Gauss
whose machinery and structure have
proved excellently adapted to polar
ice, may be purchased for Peary's expe-
dition.
The secret of Commander Pearv's in
oomltable purpose to reach the pole is
revealed in the preface to his book de-
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23
TRAPPED BY TREATY
WHY RUSSIA'S BLACK SEA FLEET
Is LOCKED IN.
ALL EUROPE IS INTERESTED
Every Great Continental Power q
Party to the Treaty That Keeps
the Dardanelles Closed
Against Warships.

@AAS my tAoI las 0CS"lusly
sGX N SO effectively locked the
y Nh doors against Russia's
o@AN Black Sea fleet, and now
SM>VI prevents it taking any ac-
~ tive part in the war game
in the, far east, was the
treaty of Paris, signed March 80, 1856,
and which marked the close of the
bloody Crimean war in which England
and France, as allies of Turkey, had
given the ambitious house of Roman
off setback from which it never fully
recovered.
The closing Of the Dardanelles was a
stipulation practically demanded by
Russia at this time. Though Turkey
had virtually kept them closed to the
nations Of the world when it was to
her interest to do so, Russia had found
that the Turkish Notifications offered
no resistance to Turkeys allies, and
England's navy had played sad havoc
with Russian coast cities The same
treaty provided for the establishment
Of Russia's Notifications and arsenals
at points on the Black sea, leaving the
nation virtually defenseless against
any invading force which might be
able to attack her in this weak Spot,
as Turkey was liable to do at any time.
The peace of San Stafana, signed
March 2, 1878, and which marked the
close of the Russia Turkish war of
1877, and the secret understanding in
reference to the passage of the Darda-
nelles forced upon the defeated sultan
by the car, would have virtually un-
done all that was accomplished by the
earlier treaty had not England opposed
the settlement between the two coun.
tries and insisted upon a congress Of
statesmen representing the European
nations to pass judgment upon the
peace treaty. England went so far a.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

has built up genuine ruby whose
weight varies from five to ten carats.
The operation requires from one to two
hours.
After the ruby has been produced a
difficult task remains-that of cooling
of the stone, which is at a tremendous
heat. This is accomplished by SCI
entiflc process which prevents cracking.
The ruby is seat to the precious stone
cutters, where it passes exactly
through the same process as stone
from the Burmah mines.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23
Brother Dickey's Philosophy.

Brother Dickey's Philosophy.
"Dey say we'll soon be talkin' wild
de stars" said Brother Dickey, "but.
ter my min, de bes' thing We kin do is
ter fin out somefln' bout de worr
whar we uvin' at!."-Atlanta Constitu-
ton. vi =-. z.szz.e:* 2 !.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23
Trial bY Eira.

=. TT1aI by ETC. "'-
Church-You can't tell what's in q
man until he's tried By fire. iii: ~.
NJ G0tham-The same thing can DO said
Of . cigar. Yonksrs Statesman.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

Senator knute Nelson, Alexandria.
Senator Moses &. Ciapp, St. Paul.
Governor S. r. Van SAINT, Winona.
Thomas Lowry, Minneapolis.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23
ALTERNATES

E. J. Herringer, Norman County.
A. r. McGiII, st. Paul.
T. w. Hugo, Duluth.
Frank T. White, Sherburne County.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

DENMARK.
The second edition of Prof. Blocks
book, Death" has just appeared. 1t
is a unique book, and it is in process
of translation into other languages.
Copenhagen, Denmark, Feb. o.
United States Minister Lauritz S.
Swenson and his wife have taken a
prominent part in the social life of
Copenhagen during the present sea-
son and have entertained extensively
AS Minister Swenson is the dean of
the diplomatic corps his formal func-
tions are among the notable ones of
the season in the Danish capital and
attract considerable attention.
The folketing has passed the bill
which provides for government life
insurance, the establishment of a
government loan fund and a loan
fund for workmen's homes.
The Scandinavian interparliamen-
tary peace convention for which ar
engagements have been made in Paris,
will take place November next, during
the session of the French chamber of
deputies, and the gathering will be
made the occasion for great peace
demonstration. It is expected that the
Scandinavian friends of peace will
turn out in great numbers.
The population of Abazzia, on the
Adriatic sea, turned out in large
numbers upon the arrival of King
Oscar, and the authorities as well as
the common on people gave him very
cordial reception. s.5sgs#7s
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1904-03-23

liquidation since 1899.
Burglars ransack the home of NJ. l..
Ellis, East Winfred street, st. Paul.
The last legislature passed conflict
ing laws relating to fish houses.
The Pelican Rapids Telephone COM
pany has elected the following officers:
President, j. P. Wallace; vice-presi-
dent, o. Nj. Carr; treasurer, N. P. Moen;
secretary and manager, G. L. Wood.
Charles A. Harris; the Drummond
mail carrier, who was caught in biz
gard, died from complications result
ing from frost bites.
Tuesday, March %, the bankers Of
the first congressional district will
meet in Austin to organize what is
known as the group system. Every
city in the district will be represented.
At the farmers institute at West
brook fully 1000 farmers and their
families were present. The people of
Westbrook had thoroly advertised the
institute and furnished free substan-
tial dinner to the farmers and their
families
DIR. J. T. Millspaugh Of the Winona
state normal school of Minnesota was
chosen president of the Los Angeles
(Cal.) state normal school by the board
of trustees.
Hokah is practically without gov
eminent, and will remain in that con-
dition until the regular election in
April Daniel Brown, president of the
board of trustees, has moved to farm
and the. justice of the peace moved
away.
The Great Northern has decided to
discontinue it's telegraph. service on
its Pelican Rapids branch and use tel
ephones instead.