davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1904-02-17
TT II 49, GU .E l Ell Ed

"My little boy had touch of bronchial
pneumonia and DR. Bulls Cough SOUP saved
him. alter had, given BIN but q iy o n,s,,i>
NV other boy and lny husband had lhd Coles
also hut thanks to the wonderful Or. Pulls
Cough Syrun, they were cnred too. NJ. Anne
Wrinkle, Is Diamond ST., Brooklyn, n. \.
s'I have used DR.. Bulls Cough Syrup for my
cold and obtained great relief. 'aNe cod
every winter and always take Dr. Bul's cough
syrup which helps me more than ANYTHING
else and always cures me-" Miss Barbara q.
Williamson, AndoVer, Mass.
~ have used Or Rull's Cough Syrup for years
in my family and find it Invaluable when any
of nv children are hoarSe or tT0'lTT. MS
c. T. Wynkoop, 9th and East GlisOn streets,
Portland, Oregon.
az have used DR. Bu!l's Cough Syrup for the
last seven years and Lave always derived great
benefit from it | also recommended 10 10 many
with the result that followed its use" Andrew
Zillg $50 Hickory ST., Buffalo, ~ Z.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1904-02-17

N President American Co, New York
Smith German American Co, New York
b And Vice-President Southern Railway.
r. H Battle President Attorney Raleigh, N G.
III. Secy German American Co., New York
I. Lawyer Raleigh, N c..
Julius Lewis Merchant, Raleigh, N. Z.
President First National Bank, Wilson, c.
Taylor, Insurance, Wilmington N c.
L.. Reyol Atlanta, Georgia.
The N c. Home Insurance Co.
John Drewry Agent Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1904-02-17

The North Carolina Home
Insurance Company
7g5t RALEIGH, N. c. r "
ESTABLISHED
A NORTH CAROLINA COMPANY SOLID SOUND, SEEKING
NORTH CAROLINA BUSINESS
BALTIMORE
CONFINES BUSINESS TO STATE OF NORTH CARO-
this
Iimitsit risksto n block
DIRECTORS:
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1904-02-17
Reports Destruction of lap Steamers

St. Petersburg, Feb. ia dispatch ha
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03
About An Old Timer.

Oswald Quaas, of Washington,
D. c., will spend a few weeks in
our city looking after the proper
ty interests of Mr.: Hopp, who
was proprietor of Hotel Margue-
rite, on the corner of Grant and
Pine, in the early history of our
city. The hotel was burned
in the big fire of 1896. Mr.. Hopp
now runs hotel in Washington
city.
Mr.. Quaas is florist for the Mt.
Vernon Association, which cares
for the home of George Washing
ton. This association is com posed
of young ladies', each lady repre-.
senting state, and they visit
Mt. Vernon every spring.
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03
APPS Move to Capture Port Arthur
v|adivostoCk Is Also Bottled Up
With the Russian Fleet Crippled the Japanese Hope by
Land Investment to Speedily Force Port Arthur
to Surrender-From Posset Bay the Japs
Are Marching on Vladivostock.

Toxic, March 1.-THE invest
ment of Port Arthur will not be-
gin before next week.
In few days the Japanese will
land on the Lao ung peninsula,
and the troops will cooperate
with the navy in an attempt to
reduce the Russian stronghold.
It was expected the attack would
beginson the fortress Yesterday
or today, but these advices, with
out explaining the reason for the
delay, show that there has been
a change in the original plans.
Army officers here think the ia
panese decided that with the
railroad connecting Port Arthur
with the outside world cut, thus
preventing supplies reaching the
place, two weeks privation will
: render the final assault easier.
Moreover, asPort Arthur can be
safely left as it is for the time be-
ing, the Japanese troops may be
employed instead in northern
Korea and near the Ya1u river,
where they are now most need
ed,
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03
The Weather.

The sun shines out so warm
and sweet:
The wind goes racing down the.
street: !.
The summers here, we all can
see,
When mercury reaches seventy
three.
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03
vLAD1vosrocK BLocKADED
BY JAPANESE SQUADRON

BY JAPANESE SQUADRON.
Vienna, March 2.-Advices re.
ceived here from St. Petersburg
indicate that the Japanese have
blockaded Vladivostock as well
as Port Arthur.
Not only is a Japanese fleet in
the offing at Vladivostock, but
Japanese land forces are moving
on the place.
Three Japanese detachments
of 1000 men each have landed at
Ching.Chan, Korea, $50 miles
north of Won-San. 1t is sup
posed that this japanese force
will try to reach the valley of the
Tumen river and threaten not
only Vladivostock, but Hun-Chun
in Manchuria, and also Hardin.
: A fleet of ten Japanese war.
ships has been sighted on the
horizon off Vladivostock. This
fleet may lombard the port and
attempt to destroy the four Rus
sian warships at that place.
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03
VACCINATION

Compulsory or voluntary b
come, probably will come at
next meeting of the cous
Every doctor is agreed that
the only hope of Kidding the q
munity effectually and per
nently Of smallpox.
DR.. H. F. Harris, of the 81
Board of Health, was in the
Yesterday, and while he
pleased at the situation
after four months we have d
ten (10) families quarantine
he stated that there was no az
in his mind that even If it u
possible to stamp out the disc
entirely inside the city, that
fact that so much of the disc
existed in every part of
state would compel us to tigh
for years, and that vscr;pz
was the only possible remedy
He saw most of the council
and the mayor, and talked
matter over with them, and
quite probable that they viii
on his suggestion at the 4
meeting of the council which
be held next Monday night.
We fully agree with DR..
ris and the other physicians
while our present expense
not great and only a few Of
citizens are afflicted at a M
yet the disease must ruu
filthy course interminab1y.
have dreaded compulsory
nation for the reason that
many oppose it and wi
it. But when we COD
the situation and Con
menace from every POI
compass, we realize
only hope.
The school board
and, after discus
thoroughly, pass
requesting the Il
vaccination.
We would ElKe
peuse will be
TINS reason
vaccinate
who are una
clan. We M
oct v;,-,s Ga
anu W snS
Or. Harrls
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03

Shanghai, March 2-Confden-
tial information has been receiv-
ed here from an official source at
Toxic that the Japanese have
succeeded in gaining possession
of the Russian telegraph line to
Vladivostock, thus cutting off
the port from the world, as the
Danish cable line is still unre-
paired. There is official infor-
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03


nation also that a mile and a
quarter of the trans-Siberian rail-
way has been blown up and
destroyed between Hardin and
Nikolish. This information
leads me to believe that the
Japanese are marching on
Vladivostock. 1t was reported
last week that a large force of
Japanese had landed at Possiet
bay and occupied Hun Chun.
This force is since unheard
from.
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03

Yin-Kow, March 2.-Brigands
and disbanded soldiers have ris-
en- in numbers in the hills to the
east of Hatcher. A band of 500,
armed with mann1ichers, attack
ed the Russian outposts at Pa1ei-
heotze, near where there's aRus-
sian garrison. The Russians
had forty-two killed and wound
ed out of fifty, while the brigands
lost eighty-seven, among whom
were six Japanese.
Afterwards Russian reinforce
ments came up, surrounded and
burned the village. The Rus
sian wounded have been sent to
Hardin.
Several accidents have happen
ed to the party of Russians who
are laying mines at the entrance
of the harbor here, as the river
and tide run too strongly.
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03

M rs. Jon
at IL o'c1o6
been sick
as she was
in feeble he
not entirely
Mrs. Colly
Mrs. J. E. NE
Mr.. Geo. Coll
Mr.. layton G.
and leaves besid
grandchildren II
loss.
The interment
Ocilla this attend
Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1904-03-03
/ i: *ts X ~ 4:sksk - y !: - skksk3 =:
:. THE FITZGERALD ENTERPRISE
Superior Court Calenda
Z

The Cases viii be Called Regularly
Case will be Tried Prior the Day Which Assigned
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
MIKE BROGGI,

MORTIFIED. VERMONT
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
SEQ IA. p ABBOTT s co. "A. P. ABBoTT s co.

you buying Tie Gloves Of Hose Garment
Travelling Dress Suit Case We closing them out afom 79c $3.50 sa
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
TALK OF THE TOWN.

White belts at Perry for 10 cents.
See the pretty pettieoats at yaughan's.
Reduction in ladies' white suits at
Perry's.
Series dance at the Pavilion saturday
evening.
Another mark-down on wash goods az
Abbott's.
Oceans Of comfort IN those two-piece
suits at McWh0rter's
John B. Harding, who came to attend
the funeral Of his daughter, Mrs. Annette
Arey, returned this noon to his home az
Prospect, Maine.
Probably the only shipment Of Radium
ever received at Barre arrived last week
for G. N. Kenyon q Co., and is being sold
BY them at Sc for half-pound cakes. The
best price ever known for Radium before
was 100000 per ounce.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
LOWER CABOT.

P. A. Pike has moved into bis new home
recently purchased Of the Mrs. Nancy
Stone estate.
Mr.. and Mrs. w 81 Lyfofd are reioic-
Ing over the birth Of son.
Miss Ii. Pansy Smith is at home for the
summer arter year spent in teaching IN
Massachusetts.
Mrs Emily Smith has been spending a
week with friends IN Massachusetts.
Fred Dawson has returned to Montpe-
lier after d week spent with her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Dawson.
Warner Smith and family are visiting
Mrs. Smiths mother, Mrs. +. 7. Smith.
Dean Batchelder has gone to clif Ha-
ven for the summer.
Mrs. cordela Loomis has gone to Mont
pelier for few days,
Mrs. John Simons is visiting in town.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
ANOTHER WRESTLING MATCH.

II. EVEN and Con. sullivan TO Meet July
I6.
We, the undersigned, do hereby agree
To wrestle a match, catch as oatoh-ean
STYLE, best three in five falls, under same
rules which governed Ross-Ewen match,
Jerre Donahue OF Mortified to act as ref
cree. Said match to take place In Barre
on the 10th day Of July or as soon there
after as suitable place can be secured for
purse Of fifty $50 dollars donated by
M. II. NoOnan, and the net receipts to be
divided, seventy per cent going TO the WIN
ner and thirty per cent to the loser.
r. Even.
Con. Sullivan.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
card Of Thanks.

we wish to thank the Bright star Re.
bekah and ], o. o. F. Lodges, the N. p.
o, p. and X. Of 7. Lodges. also the neigh
bors ana friends for the many kindnesses
during the sickness and death Of Mrs.
Annette Arey Signed
Drill E. Arey,
John b Harding,
Mr.. and Mrs. 81 n, Arey
and Family.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
Remnant Sale on Saturday
Here is Your Opportunity.

After satisfactory seasons trade IF Wash Goods
We have accumulated big lot of Remnants in this department
We have placed all these Remnants center counter and
marked them at prices that will surely sell them We want you
This sale includes Remnants Of Dmtes, Muslns Organizes
poes Suings White Goods and Gnghams containing
fifteen yards We think will be to your advantage to look
these Remnants over
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
TOO LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION.

FOR SAI.E-All household furniture and q
good field Of potatoes 10 be sold at auction sat-
urday afternoon az four o'clock on premises 0E
Joseph Ferault GraniteyiHe. BlE
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1904-06-30
The AvERML MUSIC co.
Boarding Hose
AND
RESTAURANT.

] have thoroughly rsmodelsd my new house
and Will keep iirst-class Boarding House and
Restaurant A large diningfoom On the first
floor Is reserved ior TIE Restaurant. Public bath
room, with bot and cold water connections. Soft
drinks, tobacco and cigars for sale. All my old
friends as well as new ones, are invited to call.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
COUNT CASS|N|
Is Likely to be Recalled
Soon.

Vienna, Feb. 16.-The Altgemine
Zeitung declares that the recall OF
Count Cassiri, the Russian ambassa-
dor to the United States, is impending.
II states that the car is greatly dis
pleased with the attitude of the United
States in the present trouble and be-
lleves that It has resulted from an
Imperfect knowledge of the conditions
which led up to the war.
Count Cassinl is believed to have
failed properly to state Russia's side
of the case and is accused Of negll-
Igence or connivance with the Russian
war party in permitting the czar TO
remain In ignorance of the sympathy
expressed In the United States for the
JGpenese, even previous to the diplo-
matte rupture between Japan and Rus
sia.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
SUED FOR A DIVORCE

A plentitude of bed bugs led to a
divorce case being filed in common
pleas court Tuesday. William Price,
of Greentown, brought the action
against Bertha Price, his wife, They
were married in 1891 and have three
children. 1t is charged in the petition
that the wife neglected her house
hold duties to degree that was IN
bearable that she began leaving
home frequently shortly after they
were married, sometimes remaining
several days at a time, going to Akron
and Canton. The husband claims that
upon these trips she met various men
of the baser sort, and freQuented re-
sorts In Saxton street in this city,
II is further charged that she would
not make or clean the beds for three
or four weeks at a time, and that they
became so full Of bedbugs that he and
the children had to go to the barn to
sleep. Attorney j. w, Burris is coun-
sci for the plaintiff and filed the pc.
tition.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
ALLIANCE WOMAN
Has Gone Dafy from Her
ExCeSSeS.

Kitty Davenport, a habitue Of the
Long Green" shows symptoms OF
daffyness. She has become vicious
and wants to ignite her clothong, jump
from an up stairs window, and many
other out-of-the-usual capers. She has
been an inmate of the place for sever
al years and was formerly known as
Kitty Ford, but about one year ago
war married to doc" Davenport. The
marriage vow did not work a re.or-
nation, and an application for an in
qGest in lunacy has been made. She
will be taken to Canton this afternoon
by officers at the request Of Judge
Aungst who will conduct an examina-
ton as to her sanity.-Alliance Re
view
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
CENSORSHIP IS STRICT

Tien Tsin, Feb. 16.-According to
a report received here, but unconfirm-
able, the land battery of the Russian
fertilization at Port Arthur, on Col
den Hill has been destroyed by an
explosion. It is not known how the
explosion occurred or what caused 1t.
No details of the disaster to the
Russian defenses at Port Arthur are
obtainable at the present time, but it
is believed that all the Russian troops
in the battery at the time of the ex.
plosion were eiher killed or badly
mangled.
Despite all accounts to the contrary,
the battlesnIp Czarevitch, injured in
the first attack OF the Japanese squad
ron on Port Arthur Is beyond repair
and the efforts of the skilled mechan.
les who have been working on her
since she was first injured. have prov
en- of no avail.
The censorship continues of the
strictest and 1t is impossible to secure
much authentic news. The general be.
lief here is that an important land
battle can hardly be expected before
next March.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
CATAFA[QUE
UPON WHICH M'KlNLEY'S
COFFIN RESTED
SENT TO cleveland
To be Used at the Funer-
al of Senator Hanna.

The catafalque upon which the cof-
fin Of the late President Mckinley
rested when his body lay in state in
the court house in his home city, to-
gether with the flag with which it Is
draped, was sent to Cleveland by ex-
press last evening at 1880 o'clock over
the Wheeling & Lake Erie road, and
will be used on the occasion of Sena-
tor Hanna's funeral. Colonel ]. j.
Sullivan, warm friend of both Nc
Kinley and Hanna, requested the use
of the bier in the name of the Cham
ber OF Commerce of Cleveland, of
which body he is president. Colonel
Sullivan is we'll known here and is
president of the First National bank
of this city. He communicated with
H. d. McCrea of this city, who called
upon the county commissioners with
the request.
II was q strange coincidence that
just before the message was received
the commissioners were consulting over
the propriety Of the friends OF Sena-
tlC W luS VI ocho
tor Hanna, but rather hesitatsd to do
So When the request came 1t was
at once complied with. The bier had
been stored with William h. Zollinger
and the flag was in the keeping of the
commissioners at the court house.
These mementoes Of the Mckinley
funeral belong to the people of Stark
county, having been purchased with
county funds at the time of the drap-
ing OF the court house. After they
shall have been associated with the
burial of McKinley's best friend they
will have an added value.
The catafalque was thoroughly over.
hauled by Mr.. McCrea before II was
| sent to Cleveland
Colonel Sullivan also asked for the
funeral car which bore the remains of
Mckinley to the tomb, but no informa.
tion could be given as to that. II
was donated by some gentleman at
Ravenna who builds hearses, and
since the funeral it has been sold to
some undertaken in Pennsylvania.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
EXCITEMENT
At TRIAL OF CAR BARN
BANDITS.
THE LAWYERS CLASHED
And the Courtroom Was
in an Uproar.

Chicago, Feb. 16--A feature almost
unprecedented in criminal trials alb
serbs the attention of the jury today
In the trial of Niedermeier, Van Dine
and Marx.
Marx, fighting to uphold the truth OF
his own confession, assuring the jur!
time and time again through Attorney
Popham that he had admitted his
crime Of his own volition, is being
fought at every turn by counsel for
the other two bandits, who are impli'
Gated in the comprehensive confes-
sion.
"Your honor" said Assistant States
Attorney Olson, IL desire that the
records show In whose behalf this
cross examination is being introduc-
3D."
Attorney George M. Popham, on be-
half of Marx, leaped to his feet.
II desire to say that Defendant
Gustave Marx signed the confession
of his own free will and without offer
of emolument or immunity" he shout
cd.
IL object" roared Attorney Irving
for Van Dine This is no time for
declarations from the defendants"
II attack this alleged confession in
the interest Of Neidermeier,' inter-
rupted Attorney e. II. Walsh.
II have already ruled that the jury
Ahall consider this confession as af.
fecting only Marx" said the court.
Another avalanche of cross exami-
nation greeted the conclusion of the
testimony of George 7. Richardson.
Richardson told Of the presence OF a
wig and mask on the table when the
confession was made.
MARX said that the wig and mask
were the property of Pete" said
Richardson in answer to an inquiry
from Attorney Popham.
Il objf y" roared Niedermeiers two
attorneys in chorus.
The entire body of counsel for the
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
? PANAMA.
HOLDS ELECTION FOR THE
PRESIDENCY.
DR.. Ah1AD0R Is CHOSEN
He is the Present Minis
ter of Finance.

Panama, Feb. 16-W w. Russel,
the new charge d'affaires of the United
States legation, here was publicly re-
ceived by the Panama government this
afternoon.
For some reason which has not yet
been made known, the delegates Of
the constitutional convention, who act
as the electoral college. suddenly de-
tormined to hold the election for the
pi esidency this evening, instead Of to-
mcrrow. Accordingly the delegates
met promptly at half past five o'clock
in the government building in Panama
and formally began balloting for the
Cilice.
There was practically no difference
'cf opinion among the delegates as to
the choice for president OF the new re-
public and whatever slight difference
Of opinion there might have been was
quickly settled. @saiHf anad
The vote as announced was an unan-
imous one for Dr. Manuel Amador, the
present minister Of finance in the pro-
visional cabinet of the republic, for
president. sr
Charles Constantine Arosemena who
was appointed assistant secretary OF
foreign relations Immediately after the
proclamation of the revolution and af-
terward was one of the commission
which brought the new Panama canal
treaty to the United States, was elect
til first designado.
Domingo Obaldio was chosen second
designado. He was formerly a sena-
tor from Panama in the Colombian
congress.
Carlos Mendoza. the present minister
OF Justice in the provisional cabinet
was made third designado.
The newly elected officers Of the re-
public will be inaugurated ON Saturday
nexi and the day will be proclaimed 9
public holiday.
The provisional cabinet will be sue
ceeded by one to be chosen by Presi-
dent Amador but 1t Is believed that
most Of the present cabinet will be re-
tanned.
! The new constitution has been sign
ed by all of the officials of the junts
and was today promulgated publicly In
the Plazo here.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
SPECTACULAR
FIRE THREATENED TO DEFY
CONTROL.
WEATHER NEAR ZERO
And High Wind Made the
Work Hazardous.

New York, Feb. ia most spec-
tacular fire and one which for time
threatened TO defy all of the efforts Of
The firemen to control II, was discov-
cred shortly before 10 o'clock tonight
In the five story brick business struc-
ture, IA and 16 Park Place and ex-
tending through to Barclay street. The
temperature was very close to the zero
mark and there was a strong north
west wind blowing that carried the
flames before it so that by the time
the f1remen arrived on the scene, the
entire building was in flames and ad-
Joining property was threatened.
So soon as the first piece OF fire sp.
paratus reached the scene It was dis.
covered that two doors to the north Of
the blaze was located the large store.
house and factory Of the Pain Fire
works company, On this account three
additional alarms were turned in,
VI h6ihS - iolSO loIt0 vi liic uBnlipe
apparatus and Fire Chief Croker.
Stream after stream of water was
turned on the blaze. A water tower
was run up in front of the building
and the combined streams of three
mammoth engines soon drove the
flames back. They were drowned only
for a few seconds however, only to
appear again from the windows in the
rear and then from the roof.
AS the flames burst through the roof,
lighting up the surrounding city
blocks for a great distance, they
threw The guests in the Astor House,
one OF the landmarks Of old New
York into slight panic which was
quickly subdued by the attaches whc
hurried from room to room assuring
the guests that there was not particle
# danger.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
AMERICAN VESSEL
Brings 100 Japs from
Port Arthur.

Washington, Feb. 16.-According to
dependable advices received at the
state department, one hundred jap
anese who had been detained at Port
Arthur by the commander have az
rived at Che Foo on board the Ameri-
can steamer Pleiades which also had
been detained by the Russians.
Dispatches received from United
States minister Allen at Seoul state
that part Of the Russians who had
been captured by the Japanese army of
occupation are to be sent to Saigon In
French Cochin China on board a
Fl ench war vessel to be held at Saigon
until the close Of the war. Others will
he taken on board British war yes
sci to Hong Kong, also to be kept
there until the end of the war.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1904-02-19
Attempted ASSAULT

Omaha, Neb., Feb. 16.--An assault,
having the earmarks of the Schaeffer
murder at Bedford, Ind, was com
mitted on society girl last night by
a red haired criminal for whom the
police tonight are still seeking. The
girls name Is withheld by the police
because of the prominence of her fam
lily. She was choked and carried into
a vacant barn belonging to Senator
Millard. The girls cries brought res
cuers.