davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09

and in 1885 resided at $50 Superior
street, under the name of Nine. La
Rosa, clairvoyant-
Soon after this she disappeared
again, and it was learned that she had
married a farmer named ]. r. Scott.
She was divorced a few months after
this, and the farmer lost his farm in
the experience.
The woman returned to Cleveland
for a third time in 1886, and in that
year the boy who, it is alleged, is now
with Mrs. Chadwick in New York was
born. He was called Emil Hoover, a
name under which Elizabeth Bigley
masqueraded some years afterward,
though no record of her marriage to
Hoover is shown.
Then there was a break in the his
tory of her movements, and it is dur
ing this period that the evidence con-
Meeting her with Nine. Devere was
developed.
APPEARS AS CASSIE L. CHADWICK
A woman, alleged to be Mrs. Cassie
L. Chadwick, appeared in Toledo in
1890. She called herself Nine. De-
we're, and posed as a clairvoyant. She
lived in luxury, riding in rich carriages
and living at the most expensive hotel,
She had not been in Toledo long until
she began to secure large sums from
prominent men. She sold tips" in the
stock market, and gained their wealth
in other ways. A doctor, it is assert
ed, gave up his all to her, and is to-
day a physical wreck A bank presi-
dent who had faith in her is long gone
to his grave.
Then came the arrest of Nine. De-
we're on the charge of forgery. Joseph
Lamb, an express clerk, figured in the
affair. He laid all the blame. on her
and said she had exerted a mysterious
influence over him. Two notes, one
for $4,000 and another of $4,000,
proved clever forgeries. Nine. Devere
was convicted, and sentenced to the
penitentiary for nine and a half years.
Two years after she was incarcerated
she was released by Governor Oater
President) Mckinley.
After her release on parole, she re-
turned to Cleveland, and there as
sumed again the name of Mrs. c. L
Hoover.
CHADWICK MARRIAGE
The woman lived in Cleveland under
the name of Mrs. Hoover, until August
26, 1897, when the enemies of Cassie l.
Chadwick charge she married DR.. Leroy
S. Chadwick, a member of one of the
Oldest and best known families in Cleve-
land She Immediately accepted the
social advantages such a marriage en-
titled her to. She revolutionized things
in the stately old Chadwick home
spending large sums of money in re-
furnishing and remodeling it. The house
became the scene of many lavish enter
tainments.
Many stories are told illustrating the
manner in which she threw money to
the winds. Once, it is said, she bought
a whole store full of toys Just before
Christmas. On another occasion she
sent a dozen girls on a European trip.
AT another time, it is declared. she
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
Holiday Rates via Frisco System.

On December 20, q, % and &c the
Frisco System will sell round trip
tickets limited for return passage to
thirty days from date of sale at rate of
One Fare plus $500 from Kansas City
to all points in the Southeast, includ-
ing Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana,
Alabama, Georgia, the Carolinas and
Florida.
The fast Southeastern Limited"
train, carrying through sleeper to
Jacksonville, Fla, leaves Kansas City
daily, at $50 p. m, and arrives, at
Memphis 1855 a. M; Birmingham 1855
%. M; Atlanta 1920 p. m; and Jack
sonviiIe at 9:35 a. m. the second morn
ing J. c. Lovrien, Assistant General
Passenger Agent, Kansas City, Mo.
A. Hilton, General Passenger Agent,
St Louis Mo.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09

bought a whole tray of diamonds in a
jewelry store.
Jewels and rich stones were her pas
sion, and she searched all the great
stores of Cleveland New York, Toronto
and other cities in her quest for them.
This career continued until H. B.
Newton's suit to recover a loan of $780,
800 brought a startling series of revela-
lions.
To keep herself supplied with money
Mrs. Chadwick is alleged to have made
bankers the victims of her financial
genius.
VISITS MANY BANKS.
Cleveland banks were first asked for
loans. She met these notes when they
became due. Often, it is asserted, she
had to get the money from another
bank on a larger note, but she man
aged to keep above suspicion.
Then, it is claimed, she went to banks
in smaller Ohio towns. She is alleged
to have borrowed from the Oberlin
bank and Oberlin college. She tried to
borrow money at Elyria, Akron, Lorain
Sandusky, and other places, it is said.
She went to Pittsburg and other points.
Sometimes she succeeded and sometimes
she did not.
On November % came the crash of the
Oberlin (Ohio) bank, following the suit
started by Newton against the woman.
The failure was due to the fact that
the bank had loaned to Mrs. Cassie L.
Chadwick $4,000. In addition to this
President Beckwith of the institution
loaned her $102, 900 on his personal ac-
count.
Then came the revelations regarding
how Mrs. Chadwick secured the money
from Newton and from Beckwith.
She showed to Newton, it is asserted,
a note for $500, 900, and told him that
Iri Reynolds of the Wade Park Bank
ing association held security for her
valued at over 81, 900, 900.
To Beckwith she gave two notes.
Each of them, it developed later, bore
the name of Andrew Carnegie as an
indorser. The aged bank president
believed they were good notes, and he
did not hesitate to loan Mrs. Chadwick
money on them. Now he is under
arrest charged with fraudulent bank
ing.
Andrew Carnegie has denied point
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09

any notes of Mrs. Chadwick. 1t was
no longer his habit, he said, through
his private secretary, to issue or in
dorse notes.
Then it was stated, and not denied,
that the note on which Newton had
loaned her $190,s00 bore Carnegie's
signature also.
This was not the first time Mrs.
name in connection with her financial
dealings, it is charged
When she was visiting in PittSburg
two years ago she called on an attor-
ney in that city, who has told of the
incident since the recent exposures,
and said she was the niece of Fred
erick Mason, a lifetime associate and
friend of Mr.. Carnegie.
CLAIMS IMMENSE FORTUNE.
This uncle, she said, had made her
heiress to his fortune of between So
900, 900 and 100000, and that Mr.
Carnegie had cared for it until it had
grown to $11, 100000. Owing to the
press of his other affairs, she is said
to have explained, Mr.. Carnegie was
DESTROYS of relinquishing CUSTODY or
the money, and had suggested this at
torney as a possible trustee
She exhibited a legal document ter
minating Mr.. Carnegie's trust. soon
after she asked the attorney to loan
her $4,000, explaining the quarterly
dividends on her fortune were not due
for a month, and she was in need or
funds. He declined to do this, now
ever, and Mrs. Chadwick decided 70
let the matter rest until Mr.. Carnegie
returned to America.
Mr.. Newton's movement against
Mrs Chadwick was an effort to have
receiver appointed for the. securities
alleged to be in possession of Iri Rey-
nolds, which the latter now denies he
has.
Last Friday other creditors started
involuntary bankruptcy proceedings
against her in the federal court at
Cleveland. A trustee for her property
was appointed, but no steps have been
taken toward closing up her AFFAIRS
owing to the constantly arising COM
plications.
Efforts were made by friends of the
woman to secure funds for settling all
claims against her. These will amount
to over 100000, it is believed:
Finally came the arrest of President
ReckWitI of the Oberlin bank,
charged with fraudulent banking, the
first of this week, and the arrest yes
terday of Mrs. Chadwick herself,
charged with aiding in the embezzle-
ment of $4,000 from the same bank
The following claims have already
been filed against Mrs. Chadwick:
Herbert D. Newton. Brookline,
Mass. $19e.80o.
Citizens, IN National bank oberifn'
c. T. Beckwith, president of the
Citizens National bank at Oberlin,
Ohio (persona1 loan), $4,000.
American Exchange National bank,
Cleveland, Ohio, $4,000.
Euclid Avenue Savings and Trust
company, Cleveland, Ohio, $3S,0O
Savings Deposit bank. Elyrias Ohio.
$4,000.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
HOW THEY DIFFER.
Ex-Gov. st. Johns Comparison of
Kansas and Missouri.

Ex-Governor John P. ST. John now
lives down at Versailles, Mo-, and while
he is a national prohibitionist, he is a
Folk Democrat in Missouri. Soon after
the election Grant Hornaday of Fort
Scott, wrote Governor st. John a let
ter, "joshing'' him about the result in
Missouri. Here is what Governor st.
John wrote back:
MY Dear Mr.. Hornaday:-Yours re-
ceived. Missouri is all right. She has
more lead, more zinc, more coal, and
more independent voters than any state
in the Union. She can elect an honest
genuine Democratic governor by 10000
plurality, and repudiate the Hill, Bel
mont, Cleveland brand by an equal
plurality. To show that there is nothing
small about Missouri she gave Roose-
Welt 1000 more votes than she gave to
Mckinley four years ago. OF course
the state had increased during the past
four years more than 1000 in voting
population, but we won't count that,
Just throw it in for good measure. Mis-
souri, sends her boodlers to the peniten-
tiary while some other states send
theirs to the United States senate, or
put them in charge of the state treas
ury. MISSOURI Is ALL RIGHT. Come
over and get religion and be baptized
your friend.
John P. ST. JOHN"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
AN APPEAL FROM MRS. THORPE.
Asks People to Help Her Make Chill
dren Happy.

For eleven years no little child,
among the poor of Topeka, has gone
without a toy and bag of candy on
Christmas day.
Mrs. Thorpe is planning now for
happy time for these little ones, and
believes the good people of the city
will help again-that not one little un-
fortunate child shall be forgotten.
Surely nobody knows them all better
than Mrs. Thorpe.
The plan is to have a Christmas
tree at the Provident association sew
ing school and day nursery rooms for
the Provident association children, and
then Mrs. Thorpe will send out the
gifts to the homes of the others.
Don't forget to help us. Every little
gift in the way of toys or money will
be very gratefully received. Send to
Mrs. Thorpe at the police station
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
JEKYLL AND HYDE CAREER.
Worked by Day and Acted Part of
Charitable Highwayman at Night.

Chicago Dec. 9.-Acting by day as
superintendent in the printing depart
ment of a local manufacturing COM
pany and at night the part of char
table highwayman is said to have been
the career of Edward B. Clark, now
under arrest. According to his con-
fession he has played the varied role
for year. He has admitted being
implicated in several holdups which
have puzzled the police. incidentally
Clark declared that he had travelled
all over the world, and that on one
occasion while making a trip to China
he struck down and killed three of
crowd of sailors who mutinied. Her
bert Boyer, also prisoner, was taken
into custody as an accomplice.
In all the robberies Clark is said
to have been a charitable thief, re-
turning part of the stolen property to
the victim. In one instance he or
dered Boyer at the muzZle of a re-
volver to return a gold watch which
they had stolen from a woman. In
another case, he says, he and his COM
panion were robbed by a bartender
after they had robbed him. Clark's
home is handsomely furnished, and he
has borne a good reputation.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09

Satin Skin Face Powder doesn't
show. Flesh. white, pink. brunei. Use.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
Hoch at Knife and Fork Club.

Governor-elect Hoch is to be one of
the guests of honor at the December
dinner of the Kansas City Knife and
Fork club on Thursday evening of next
week. The other will be Governor
Cummins of Iowa Both will make
speeches at the dinner
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
J. D. Chadwick, Franklin, Pa

$J,UUU.
The claims aggregate $61S,O00, and
those conversant with the matter say
there are enough more to bring the
total up to $1,0OO,000.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
Swords of Honor

st. Petersburg, Dec.9.-Emperor Mich
olas has conferred upon Lieutenant
General Sakharoff and Lieutenant Gen
era1 Bordering gold swords OF honor,
set with brilliantS and inscribed for
valor.''
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
Kansas City and Return $2.25 via

Account Boer war exhibition Tickets
on sale December IL to Is inclusive
Final limit returning December 16.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09

Comforts the heart, Strengthens the
mind. It's good, i'll or well. Makes ona's
face as bright as a summer mor Dhe
That's what HOLSTERS Rocky Mounfat.,
Is. does . cents. Tea or Tablets. CAT
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1904-12-09
Boer War Exhibition,

Kansas City, Mo, Dec. IL to 18th.
$2.25 for the round trip. Rock Island
Tickets on sale Dec. IL to 18th, IimItad
for return Dec. 18th
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
County Officers,
Nail ? Time Card.

Nail : Time Card.
srRIxGFIELD-LAMAR
pAILsicxceps Sunday.
(RostQ 20 ossa)
ssss.sa.sA H. kr.sp M. M. Lamar HS. T q. Z. M. M.
aPRINGFIELD-BLAiSE.
MISUNDERSTANDING.
(Ronte No. tsAsA)
sr,.ssaa. ArG a. m NJ: Blaine. .y HT I'm ,. in.
srRISGYIELD-MAXEY
SATURDAY.
tRoutc No 8sss6)
s,..sa.s. lyt. l.. M Maxev tT. ts: aos.%: N"
WRnanEI.D-vHAs-s
ssspAv-vEDxEspAY-'n 'npAr.
tEouto No uo2sc,
s,.,..a.,a M villa. HTpr HT % n"
s.n,ps.oa tI ~: H., r.. M. IN"
GPRISGPIELD-CORRiZO
(toute No. Giss7)
Tuesday Thursday -saturday leaves Springfield
TO q. ~, arrives ut Corriza UOp. IN
Lsavss C0rriEo Monday, "Wednesday,
Friday u 'oo =, m; arrive ut Springfield
7:Ve p. m.
(Fros box delivery on MI routes
All malls olsss.i I'VE minutes before leaving
umA. siLAs T.. SrEcKNAHS, =. NJ.
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20

c'ined Is to 25 cents for the week,
as light weight butcher stuff has
been considered too high recently.
Some 971 lb. heifers sold at 1896
Thursday, and 74S lb. western
heilers brought ~ 42t Wednesday.
A few western COWS were received,
and sold steady with previous
week. TheJ were medium quail
ty, and sold from $3.50 TO $3 Is.
Stock calves were lower; also veal
calves. Some southwestern stock
salves of good quality sold at ~ 90
to ~ 25, weighing 320 20 $50 lb.
Supply today is normal Mon
days run OF 5000 head. Market
steady on beef steers; strong on
stcckers, feeders and butcher stuff.
Sheep supply last week was 49,
400; about half of the supply of
same week last year, at which
time Texas grassers were coming
in fast. Prices advanced 5 to 10
cents in spite of the averaged poor
quality. Some woolled lambs
brought $500 the first part of the
week, and nothing good was re-
ceived later. Run today is 5000
head; market steady. Woolled
Colorado lambs sold ut $500 to-
day; clipped western lambs 1918.
Weihers are worth up to IS 25;
ewes $500. Texas grass sheep
sell from $4.60to $500. The good
prices are expected to remain, as
receipts are bound to be short tor
some time to come.
j. A. RICKART,
Live Stock Correspondent.
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
WOMEN AND THE BALTIMORE
FIRE.

A generous and graceful tribute
to the calmness of women in dan
ger is that paid by Mr.. Lynn Roby
Meekins, editor of the Baltimore
Herald, in his article in the June
Delineator. He tells not only of
women who worked in the thick
of The destruction with and for
their employers husbands and
fathers, and of the brave an d
cheerful way in which, when all
was lost, they set to work at hum
BILE occupations to support them
selves, but OF their ability TO rise
quite above the consideration of
material things i'll the recognition
of essentials. "One young hus-
band" he says, "made his way
home and, pale and trembling, ap-
preached his wife, i am ruined.
he exclaimed. My DEAR she re-
piled, smiling through her anxiety
.you are not hurt bit That was
the woman's view OF the situation.
1t was mainly personal"
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
North Flats.
May 10, 1904.

May 10, 1904.
Tom Ward went to Lamar the
first of the week to get baled hay.
That's the way TO treat work
horses to have satisfaction in work
ing them.
Mrs. W:lmoth and grandson,
Guy, are much pleased with Colo
RADIO. They think it is way ahead
of West Virginia and expect TO
make this their home in the future,
Fred Smart has recovered from
the measles and his mother, Mrs
W. II. is having her turn with
sickness. She is reported to be
quite sick, and Mrs. w. A. Gra-
ham came down to wait on her.
f. Regnier and L. Hermon are
on the Flats making visit and
transacting a little business. Mr.,
Regnier wen t to Villas today
(Thursday) to do some surveying
for Mr.. Fairbank.
V. M. Shannon went to Lamar
Tuesday afternoon on errands for
himself and several of his neigh.
bors.
School election last week passed
off very quietly,
The arrangements for Sunday
School were not completed last
week but we expect to make all
further arrangements on Saturday
evening and to have Sunday school
next forenoon-probably at ten
o'clock. Everyone is cordially in
vited and urged to attend,-espec
tally all children within reach.
Roy Regnier and family. Clyde
Hall, Chas. Chenoweth and sis
tiers, Misses Emma and Ethel, and
,Ioe Smith were visitors at Shan
mons Sunday.
E. Emerson, OF Corrizo, visited
friends on the Flats Tuesday and
Wednesday and lett for Villas
Thursday morning.
Joe Smith is building a fine
eight foot woven wire horse corral
on his ranch on Horse creek. aud
is once more "batching it, in his
own home.
NEwsgcy.
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
STENOGRAPHERS WANTED.

The work is light, short
hours and the salary donble
what is paid in other lines Of
business. Bright educated
persons qualified in 6 to II
weeks; shorthand, typewrit-
ing, spelling, grammar, busi-
ness correspondence, Office
work. Bookkeeping, business
arithmetic. pelmanship, COM
mercial law, etc. Adyer-
tising. Scholarship, time un-
limited, $4,000 By mail, $40.
Position secured.
Pernin Business College,
$50 10th St., Denver
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20

BY MEANS OF FRAUD practiced in
almost every conceivable way be
fore and on election day the Dem
ocratic Corporation machine tick
ct was carried at the Denver city
election Tuesday by about 5000
plurality. Boss Speer becomes
Greater Denver's first mayor. The
result will be contested. The
State Supreme Court strove to
give the people OF that city an
honest election but its orders were
not carried out.
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
Sixty Day Tickets.

Rate $50. Dates of sale, daily
April 25 10 Nov. 90. inclusive. FL
nal limit-Tickets good to leaye
St. Louis within 60 days from date
of sale but not later than Dec. Is,
1901
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
NOTICE or APPLICATION TO LEASE

Oflicc OF the State Board OF Land Commis-
sinucrs, Denver, Colorado. May 81, 1901 -
Notice is hereby giventhat \. &. Il. SCHROEDER
whose postoncc address is Rcgnier, Colo
RADIO, on April 20, 1906, made application
No. ae, TO the state Board of Land Commis-
sioners to lcase the following described school
lands, situate in Baca County, Colorado, to-
wit:
81: Of section 80. Township 33 south, Rang
~ west.
No other applications to lease the above de-
scribcd premises objections against the
above application Will be considered after
juno 2i, 1904.
MARK G.. WoopRUFF.
Register state Board Land Commissioners
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
The Greatest Piano Sale
Oh Record.

Lyon & Healy, Chicago's largest
music house has just bought out
the western hose for the Weber
Piano and other celebrated in
strume ments. All the hundreds of
beautiful pianos that crowd the
big Weber salesrooms on Wabash
Avenue, will now be sold by Lyon
4 Healy. The lease OF the Web
er warerooms has but short time
to run, and Lyon IL Healy an
nounce that they do not intend to
remove single one of the pianos,
if it can be avoided. All are to
be closed out where they stand.
Prices will he quoted that will
make it possible for almost any
family to secure Weber or other
high grade piano. Very as Y
terms will he given. Write today
tor the Weber Sale List. 1t con
tains both new and used pianos,
and every instrument is an eXcep-
tional bargain. Address Lyon "
Healy. / Adams Street. Chicago,
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
Low Rates from Lamar via
the Santa Fe Route.

Louisiana Purchase Exposition
Fair, st. Louis, Mo-.
April 30 to November 80, 1904.
Season Tickets.
Rate, $36 for round trip, Dates
Of sale-Daily April 10 to NOV. 10
inclusiye. Final limit Dec. Is,
1904
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
A Startling Test.

To save life, DIR. L. G.. Merritt,
of No. Mehoopeny, Pa. made ii
startling test resulting in Il won
deriul cure. He writes, "a patient
was attacked with violent hemor-
rhages, caused by liberation of the
stomach. | had often found Elec-
trio Bitters excellent Tor acute
stomach and liver troubles so |
prescribed them, The patient
gained from the first, and has not
lad an attack in II IN ron II So
Electric Bitters are positively
guar. nteed for Dyspepsia, Indi-
gestinn, Constipation and Kidney
troubles. Try them. Only SOC AT
all druggists.
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
Special to The HERALD.

Special to The HERALD.
Kansas City, Mo-, Monday, May
10th, 19O4.-Supply OF range bred
stuff last week was moderate,
There was quite a sprinklinS OF
GOOD branded steers, Kansas fed.
which for quality, compared well
with the Natives. and sold about
evenly with the latter. Most of
the Western steers have been
light weights, and have sold well,
because that class of steers was
wanted more than heavier ones.
Colorado steera averaging 100
and 1850 pounds sold at 81 80 to
$3.50, and light weight ted West
erns up to s4.70. Sales of fed siulf
we're q shade lower than previous
week. 1000 ID. Colorado feeders
brought 1920, as good as any time
.he prexious week. Common
kinds of stockers and calves were
lower. Fed western heiiers de-
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
Ten Day Tickets.

Rate. $27. Dates of sAlc-Dai
ly April ~ to Nov. 30, inclusive.
Final limit-l'ickets good to leave
st. Louis within ten days from
date of sale but not later than
Dec. 5, 1904,
Joint Agencies, st. Louis-Un-
ion Staiion-World's Fair Ground
Transportation B'ld'g-World's
Fair Sta wabash 1929 Olive st. =.
No. l3 North Seventh ST. between
Chestnut and Market Str.
Extension of Limits.
Extension of return limit will
only be granted upon the payment
of the difference between the fare
paid and the proper fare for the
limit desired plus an extension fee
OF Zoe, such extension limit to be
made by the validating agent,
Stop overs at St. Louis on
through tickets or all one way
and round trip tickets reading
through st. Louis to points beyond
during the exposition period n
stop of ten days will be permitted
at st. Louis by deposiling ticket
Immediately upon arrival with
The validating agent at any one OF
of the addresses shown above and
upon payment OF fee OF 81 O0'
California Excursions-General
Conference OF the Methodist Epis-
copal Church at Los Angeles, Cal,
commencing May Sd, 1904. Tick
cts on sale in Colorado April 9th
to May I'd inclusive. Rate from
LAMAR for round trip $42,10; from
Colorado, common points $1,000.
Stop overs allowed. Privilege of
going via one route and returning
via another direct route. Final
return limit June 30, 1904.
For further information call on
or write to
G. j. GARVlN, Agent,
Lamar. Colo.
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20

SrRIxGFIELD-LAMAR.
pAIL1cxceps Sunday.
(Rostq 30. 6saa)
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20
Made Young Again.

"One of DR.. Kings New Life
Pills each night for two weeks has
put me in my teens again" writes
ID. II. Turner of Dempseytown,
Pa. They're the best in the world
for Liver, Stomach and Bowels.
Purely vegetable. Never gripe.
Only 25c ut all druggists.
The Springfield herald., 1904-05-20

sva.sa.u l.: H. g. g. M M Lunar A.: HT: Z: e. IN: M