Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1904-06-21


ground and only two to four KIN in
length with an inclination Of i65-2i0
equaling 1875 feet.
In the year 1868, as the most cred.
ible late Doctor w. Hillebrand tauthor
of the Flora of the Hawaiian Islands')
reports lin the visitors book OF the
Volcano House. 1856, copy on an
Interviewed sheet, page 36). one in
ner part of the extinct caldera ground
sank 800 feet below the level of the
remaining ground. Afterwards the re.
cent lava streams ran into this depres'
sion and formed the fire lake and by
later cooling distinctions two and
more fire lakes were formed.
BY its cooling on the surface of the
fire lake the lava hardened and sank
later, being heavier than the fluid lave
down in the crater. The cooled edges
of the fire lakes sank in sometimes
resulting in temporary fire fountains.
till all the fire lakes were cooled and
disappeared, as has been the case for
/ some years past.
Now you can walk all over lava
fields and former lakes in the caldera,
and even wooden telegraph poles are
erected upon the former fire lakes. But
In the depth the lava Is still hot, and
out OF the many crevices resulting from
the progressing cooling OF the hard
lava OF the surface the evaporating
rain water is to be seen as water.
steam. This pure water-steam
changes the crevice edges of the blacl;
lava into argillaceous white. Whereas
the water-steam coming out OF the in
terror Of the earth is mixed with sui.
phurous acid and changes the same
black lava into an ochreous color. Now
II you look from the highest point OF
the Kilauea wall, from the flagstaff
point at Uwekahuna, all over the lava
in the ground of the caldera, you will
see only near the Halemaumau crater
large spots of the GENEROUSLY changed
lava resulting from the sulphurous
acid of the crater steam.
But over the remaining lava fields
even over the deepest depression YOU
see everywhere the white argillaceous
crevices' edges resulting from tn,
evaporating rain water. That Is also
a proof that the former fire lakes dowr
below were not elections OF an oldei
crater pipe situated further down.
believe that the very small restinl
crater pipe. the Halemaumau, Is ex
. tinct and stopped by hard lava forever
because the broken lava pieces of tn
Inner crater came up at last by latera
small pipes and formed singular "lav,
men" never seen elsewhere, bein
erect columns G:2-3) of lava piece
l molten together and accumulated 81
m high and ~ en- thick.
Although not an open vent for tn
glowing interior of our globe and no
In communication with the eruption
} OF Krakatoa and Martinique, the III
D broken still erect big Kilauea calder
> with its very small recent crater HI
Q lemaumau and its cooled former fir
S lakes and lava streams remains a
in all one OF the most interesting sight
{ OF the world; also the neighboring X
L lauea.iki Is one OF the finest views
@ most regular funnel crater 800 fe'
+ deep, now covered with small veget
ton except the plain ground. wheI
4 lava ran in at 4th OF April. 1868.
y have not yet seen a full picture I
& the whole Kilauea with the exceptio
e of one fantastlcal painting all ! sa
y printed or photographed belonged on
y to its small crater Halemaumau ar
does not show the present state, Il
e mountainous rims being partly sunke
II In with the last eruptions. The on
}; true image OF the grand Caldera Kila'
n ca with its small crater, Halema'
Is mau. IL to be seen made zen relic
h last year in Bishop Museum at Hon
H. lulu. There you cannot see indicate
'e any fire or fire lake. but only bla'
X. lava and blue indicated ''stea
s cracks; that are fumaroles like in Il
e. extinct crater OF Haleakala, as repr
h scented in the Wilder's s. s. Co. pro
O. pectus.
IN DR.. OTTO KUNTZE.
le from San Reno, Italy; Member of
es two Academies and many Sci
ic entific Societies in U. s. A.
III and Europe Berlin, Leipzig,