The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1904-04-01


are the laboratory where the crude
sap is worked over into elaborated
sap consisting largely of sugar and
starch. Of course, if the laboratory
is impaired the sap will be deficient
in these ingredients and the growth
of the tree as we'll as the quality of
the fruit must be impaired.
In some sections of the Northwest
the green aphis is quite troublesome
and does considerable damage, especl-
ally to young trees. 1t must not be
forgotten that it is worse in some Sec
tons than in others. In our hot val
leys where the codling moth does it's
greatest injury the green aphis does
but very little harm. In the higher
and cooler regions it is in some cases
a serious pest. AS the Puget Sound
country is cooler than the valleys east
of the Cascade range, here it is quite
harmful This rule may be accepted
as practically correct, that where the
cooling moth is very bad the green
aphis is not bad and the reverse is
true. How to successfully combat this
insect is receiving considerable atten-
ton Prof j. NJ Aldrich, entomolO-
gist of the Idaho experiment station
located at Moscow, has recently is
sued a bulletin on the green aphls
and how to combat it. He very prop
erly divides his subject into two parts
so far as combating the insect is con-
cerned. He tried various methods OF
destroying the eggs as we'll as kill
ing the living insect. Because OF the
difficulty of reaching the insects after
lnd q G
always seemed to me to be the best
course to render the eggs infertile if
this can be done. Prof Aldrich tried
various methods of reaching this end,
but was unsuccessful except in one case.
He found that the sulphur-lime spray
would render the egg infertile. The
only difficulty he encountered was
that it would not pay to go ever a
whole orchard and spray with the lime
sulphur wash to reach the eggs
sparsely scattered about among the
trees By hunting out the limbs on
which eggs can be found and spray
ing them, the results were good
Whenever we have to spray for the
San Jose scale we can reach these
scattered eggs and thus kill two birds
with one stone.
The author of these notes some
years ago wrote and had published a
pamphlet on small fruit culture. 1t
is now out of print and to some eX-
tent out of date. Attention was called
in these notes to good treatise on
berry culture by J. F. LittOoy, of Ev-
erett, which was published last year.
1t is worthy of careful study. The
author is fruit inspector of Snohomish
county and is one of the best quail
fed men for that position in the state.
| shall not attempt to quote from Lit
tooy's book in giving some sugges-
tons to raspberry growers, for l have
not the treatise before me. l shall
fall back on my own knowledge in
making these suggestions. First, let
it be borne in mind that raspberries
are to be distinguished into two class
es-those that multiply by tips and
those that sucker. The black caps
grow tips and the red and yellow vari-
cites grow suckers. In setting out
black caps always set out the tips
and not the old canes. Only suckers
and divided old stools can be used
in setting the red and yellow kinds,
but the suckers are preferred. When
suckers and old canes are used in