Bisbee daily review., 1904-06-02

sign of authority in the lana, ana each man was a law unto himself. Murder, robbery and every other crime Anown to ruthless criminals were rife. The Mexican peons at the mines were ireacherous and murderous. and killed Americans at various mines. and the Apaches were as ready as ever for their bloody. and devilish outrages, but were partially kept in check by the troops. As J. Ross Browne wrote not long afterward. "it was literally a paradise of devils" :" The establishment of a transccntinen- tai mail route in 1856 increased this class Of population.
 Such state of society was but one of the handicaps that the ambitious mining industry of that time and place endured. Mining machinery and supplies had to be hauled in l,074 miles from Indianola. Texas. 400 miles from Guaymas, or 250 from Fort Yuma, On the Colorado river Yet, at the consequent tremendous cos'' difficulty. and risk, steam engines an1 much other equipment came in, the American mining machinery reaching the Heintzleman mine. which under went considerable new development. Water and smelling fuel were scarce and costly. During this period some of these mines reduced or shipped to Sonora, San Francisco. or Europe con siderable ore. Up to July 1. 1860. the Heintzleman mine had sold or reduced BPS tonr of ore, and received s45.000. Much of the earliest ores produced yielded several hundred dol lars per ton. Narrowing tales of frightful experiences and multitude of disasters swell the detailed record of the period. Some mining enterprises were competently handled from a min ing standpoint. but there was a vast amount of money squandered because of wildcat explorations. mismanage ment. lack of capital. unforeseen diff culties, etc.
 In 1863 the territory of Arizona was created out of New Mexico, and or ganized government and renewed military protection were established in a small way. Three years later a slice from the north was given 10 Nevada. and the boundaries have since been as at present.
 The ten years following 1864 was a slow growth and fierce struggle, mainly due to the Apaches, who made prospecting and mining all but impossible over most of the territory, until they were practically subdued by Crook in 1874 This period saw the beginning and hey-dey of placer mining, the first period of the copper mining, the development of the in dustry north of the Gila, and the 6is- covery and development of some notable quartz mines.
 Gold placer mining began in Mojaye county. in the valleys and ravines on the eastern flank of the Colorado river, though, it should be remarked little placer mining had been done long before by Mexicans in Southern Arizona Placers have been discover ed in Mojave county in the late fifties and the early sixties but on account the Indians. lack of water, etc. there was little success with them until the La Paz district was discovered, in the county, in 1862. It attracted hundreds of mines for two or three years, and it was asserted that the district produced one million dollars the first year and as much afterward. h 1863 Joseph Walker and others pros pected along the Hassayampa, in Yavapai county, making varions finds of placer gold and discovering the Lynx Creek placers, which became the most famous in Arizona, and which are said to have produced more gold than all others in the ter ritory, partly because of the exception al pressure of a water supply a small part of the year. Placer gold was found in many places, but after the first yields of the richest, the placers cut very small figure in he indus try. largely due to the absence of water. Dry washing machines early appeared.
 The first period of the copper in dustry was a notable feature of the decade of the sixties, and the indus try preserved a struggling life through the following decade until it took it's leap into greatness soon after lS5O. dt was. born on the cooper boom which began in California in 1862 and spread over the Pacific coas,. At tention was at once turned to vali ,as known copper Iodes, nearly all If which are forgotten now. The in- dustry began it's career with .he de selopment, in 1862, Of rich copper de posits along both banks of the Wir Hams Fork, emptying into the Colo rado in Mojave county, in the north western part of the county. The cupriferous lodes were on both sides cf the little stream some miles from the Colorado. The district sooa be