davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05
Total 5 banks. .s19o, 4S2, 476
476 $4O1,979, 40

Country banks have come to adopt the policy of keeping their reserves in New York, where such holdings will draw interest. The law permits this, and the New York banks promote 1t. It goes to make that city the financial center of the country. The money loaned to cover stocks or to carry out great financial schemes comes, after all, from country banks, and while those banks continue to send their funds to New York they cannot com- plain of banking concentration there.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The two could be readily combined, and perhaps the Boston women who are working up the new cooperative movement will include the rearing as well as the borning of children in their rlan. Both should be put on a busi-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The Paris newspapers, less seven, declare that Rojestvensky is great sailor-the greatest ana the boldest that ever skirted Dogger bank.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05
The elections in 1900 and 1896 al

The elections in l9O0 and lS9o are no criterion, as the gold democrats re. fused to support MT. Bryan. In other wears the upstate vote has never come to the Bronx with plurality of 100000. The Brooklyn Eagle and the New York Herald agree in saying that the vote Greater New York will far exceed 100000.
 And it is generally conceded that Judge Herrick will defeat Lieutenant- Governor Higgins, even if MT. Roose- velt should have a small plurality. Not only is Judge Herrick an eminently nt candidate for governor, but he would put an end to the machine politics or t,overnor Odell, which has become odious to many voters of New York MT. Higgins, the republican nominee, is a part of the republican machine. The chief state issue is Odellism, and it is believed the independent vote or the big state will say at the polls that machine rule should end with this year.
 All in all the outlook is that New York will give Parker and Herrick pluralities. The upstate vote must be carried far beyond 100000 if republi- can rule is to be continued in the state that has usurped Virginia's role or king maker.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Kuropatlin is not relieving Port Arthur as rapidly as he said he would about a month ago. He did not then know the obstacles along the way
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

ness basis that will stand the test of time, and only experienced men in Che insurance business can adjust assess ments to final payments, thus protect ing all policy holders and rendering the company of enduring value.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Port Arthur is steadily but surely falling. It is slow in doing the act, although impened thereto by thou sands of keen witted Japanese.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Port Arthur is practically a part of Japan. but the returns from it's elec- ton for member of parliament are de- layed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The Mlkado has enjoyed three birth days since April and he has another coming to him before the end of the year,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The republicans say Judge Parker is undignified and unwise because he is telling the truth on the stump.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Judge Parker will be out of Tom Watsons way and reach after next Tuesday night.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The silent vote will be cast next Tuesday with low scratching sound that means mischief to some one.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The political rainbows are not as bright.hued es the Wall street article at present.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Judge Parker is the best stump speaker of the campaign.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The trusts that New Jersey has af- fiicted the country with have paid the state debt.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

It is all -Rojestvensky smokes cigarettes.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Dr. Swallow and Tom Watson are not victims of over-confdence.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05
New York's Biq Vote.

Democratic hopes are rising as we approach the day of ballots, and as they rise every eye is turned towards New York. The politically wise are balancing the upstate vote against the Greater New York vote, and in every test the democrats come out winners. In the last twenty-four years the upstate vote of New York has gone in presidential elections, as fol-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The St. Louis Pike will soon have a whirlwind finish.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05
From the Washington Post.

\ ZN E FIND In a London newspaper kNV the following remarkable con-
 w densed history of tough old
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The goose bone is talking again. It predicts t-ls time cold winter.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The hour for plain speaking has ar- rived and Judge Parker Is doing his part of 1t.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Dr. Swallow will hibernate until 1908, when he will again take the field.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

 ness basis that will stand the test of time, and only experienced men in Che insurance business can adjust assess ments to final payments, thus protect ing all policy holders and rendering the company of enduring value. Kuropatkin is not relieving Port Arthur as rapidly as he said he would about a month ago. He did not then know the obstacles along the way. Port Arthur is steadily but surely falling It is slow in doing the act, although impelled thereto by thou sands of keen witted Japanese.
 The Paris newspapers, less seven, declare that Rojestvensky is a great sailor-the greatest ana the boldest that ever skirted Dogger bank.
 Port Arthur is practically a part of Japan. but the returns from it's elec- tion for member of parliament are de- layed.
 The Mikado has enjoyed three birth days since April and he has another coming to him before the end of the year.
 The silent vote will be cast next Tuesday with low scratching sound that means mischief to some one. The republicans say Judge Parker is undignified and unwise because he is telling the truth on the stump. Judge Parker will be out of Tom Watson's way and reach after next Tuesday night.
 The political rainbows are not as bright.hued es the Wall street article at present.
 The trusts that New Jersey has af- ficted the country with have paid the state debt.
 The hour for plain speaking has ar- rived and Judge Parker Is doing his part of 1t.
 The manufacture of glass collins de- prives man of privacy even after death
 
 Dr. Swallow will hibernate until 1908, when he will again take the field.
 The goose bone is talking again. It predicts t-ls time cold winter.
 
 Dr. Swallow and Tom Watson are not victims of over-confdence.
 Judge Parker is the best stump speaker of the campaign.
 ---s----------
 It is all explained-Rojestvensky smokes cigarettes.
 The St. Louis Pike will soon have a whirlwind finish.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The manufacture of glass collins de- prives a man of privacy even after death.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

L. H. Russ and J. H. Caffee are the only authorized traveling representatives of The Age-Herald in it's circulation de- partment
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Two may keep counsel, putting one away.
 Romeo and Juliet.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

No communication will be published without its authors name. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless stamps are enclosed for that purpose.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

Washington Bureau Age-Heralc. 1421 c Street. N. W,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-11-05

The report that the New York Central railway will shortly begin the use of electric locomotives on 432 miles of it's track, extending from it's New Jersey terminus of the West Shore to Buffalo, marks a new era in the transportation development of this country. If electric ity as a motive power is tried on the
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
MONTANA 7

A special from Miles City says fully
two thirds OF the residences and bust.
ness portion Of Miles City are sub
merged by the food waters OF Tongue
river.
J. A. Henley. an old time conductor
Of the Northern Pacific and a former
resident OF salt Lake. was crushed
beneath an overturned iatcar in a
moving train AT Gold Greek, and died
a few minutes after the accident Hen
Icy was rs years OF age and a native
Of indianapolis.
George l.. Wilson, an enigneer in the
Scvrice Of ltbe Northern Pacific, sus-
tanned a fracture Of the skull recently.
The superstition is that he WAS struck
in the head by a mail crane.
The Northern Pacific company will
build a rev round house and al shops
Ia Helena
March was the busiest month the
Great Falls library ever had.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
In the Spring.

Lowndes. No. April 4th--MrS Il
c. Harry Of this place. says:
For years / was in very bad health
Every spring ! would get so low that
] was unable to do my W work ]
seemed TO be worse in the spring than
any other time Of the year. / was very
weak and miserable and had much
pain in my back and head / saw
Dodd's Kidney Pills advertised last
spring and began treatmnt OF them and
they have certainly done me more good
than anything / nave ever used
i was al right last spring and felt
better than ! have for over ten years
l am fifty years of age and sm
stronger today than / have been for
man years and l give Dodd's Kidney
Pills credit for the wonderful improve
ment"
The statement of Mrs Harry is only
one Of a great many where Dodd's Kid
ney Pills have proven themselves to be
the very best spring medicine. They
are unsurpassed as a tonic and are the
only medicine in thousands of families
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21

Bursting Shells BOWED over Man A..
ter San.

Bursting Shells BOWED over Man ~
ter dan.
The Novolkrai 81 Port Arthur thus
describes tho scene on board the
raiscr Bayan during the rccent BON.
aardment In which she distinguished
lcrFef:
bursting shells BOWED over man
hncr man until The decks were alp.
pery with blood. Amidst this storm
hc captain stood unmoyed IN the con.
ling tower. calmly teiephoning orders
o the gun captains. Ills wonderful
saimners had = marvellous Influence
upon all the officers. Tho cockpit was
o crowded. 80 being killed there be
fore the fight ended. but. amidst the
crash Of the guns. the hiss Of 1yinF
proieotiIcs. the thunder 81 explosion
he racket % spiintorr and the din 81
the working cnRiner. ;hc surgeons l.
bored over tho sick ~ ~ the hospital
operating table. Although some Of the
suffered frsghtfnl agony. there
were few rrosne in spite 81 the TACT
that ancsthcsics were administered In
only one case.
when the battle ended and the
enemy began TO draw OF. the officers
the bridge chcercd and the cheer
ing extended down into the hold. the
and even the wounded men
in.
The captain sienaied for full speed
ahead after the retreating Japanese,
but the Daysn had moi gore far before
The flagship signaled TO return"
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
AM TIRED.
Every body Is ured-Spdng Westh-
CT Does It-Every One Should
Bc Cautious.

Depression Of the nervous system al
the approach Of spring is the cause.
General lsssitude, dull, heavy senss
tions. continual tired feeling, with ir-
regular appetite. and sometimes loss Of
sleep. feruns meets every indication
and proves itself 10 be perfectly adapted
20 all their varied peculiarities. Pc
rnna i~nvieora,es the system, %reluse-
mates the feelings. restores the normal
sppe.ite and produces regular sleep.
That tired feeling which ia tho nat
ursi result Of the depressing effect OF
~arm weather Immediately after the
tnsigorating cold OF winter, quietly dis
appears when Peruns 10 taken. Thous-
ands are daily i~essiiying 10 lite priceless
benefit.
Mrs. n. Kassa,i. 1909 w. 18th
street. Dies Moines. la. writes: u am
happy 10 give my endorsement for your
valuable medicine, feruna, AZ ] consid-
or il q valuable medicine 10 take when
the system is run down from over~ofk.
About i~o years ago ] felt that ] must
take = long rect A. had been unable
10 work for over . month and could
not regain my strength. ] could not
sleep al nigh, and Was in a very nerr-
Gus. high strung. condition. decided
TO try what PerunA would do 10 build
up my strength. and am pleased 10 say
began 10 improve very shortly,
and in less than two months ] VAS able
10 take up my work, and felt better
Than ! have for years. ] take IL nov
a year and hnd that IL keeps m,
IN pcriec, bea;ih." Mrs. kAssasi ~as
loi over ten years the manager Of .
pisr, furnishing ladies' ~esr and en-.
hundreds Of ~omcn
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
TRADE REPORT.
Bradstreet's report is as follows:

Brsdstreef's report is as follows:
Low temperatures and heavy rains
bad roads and foods hsve checked
spring trade. DELAYED collections. dis
Outraged Easter demand and closed a
three months period Of rather back
ward business in the north. east snc
west There are some redeeming feat
ures. however; agricultural men have
done probably the best implement ses-
osn's trade on record, the railways
are gradually getting out Of their trans
portsron difficulties. the western
clothing and shoe trade have done very
well and the feeling in the iron and
steel trade is a more cheerful d than
seemed possible a Short time ago
While all signs nesrly point to a small
er turn over in the country's trade than
in 1908. feeling Is still general that the
crop outlook. stimulated by high prices
fsvors large yields. and warm. dry
weather is eagerly awaited as furnish
ing a true test of the real trade situs-
ton
Business failures in the United
States numbered ala
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21

The following schedule Of games for
the Pacific National league has been
adopted
Butte at Spokane-April 20. ~. Is,
20. 80. and May l. 81.
Butte al spokane-Mxy ~, IS.
20. 2i. 81
Salt Lake at spoksne-Msy IS. 20.
81. rs, 20. 80.
Boise Al spokzne-June /. 2, 5. (.
s, g.
Boise at spok2ne-June 80. July /.
2. 3.
Salt Lake at spokane@uly s, 8. 7.
s, 9. TO-
Boise AT spokane-August 8. 10. IL.
IL. IS. Ia
Salt Lake at spokxne-Anguss Is.
IL, IS. 10, 20. a.
Boise at spok2ne-Anguss rs, -. IS
z6. ~. rs.
Salt Lake AZ spokane-Anxust 81.
September !. 2. 3. 4. s.
Butte at spoksne-September 8. T.
s. 2, 10. IL
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21

Emperor Francis Joseph observed the
ancient ceremony OF washing the feet
~ IL old men In the Crystal hall OF the
Hofburg. In Vienna The hall was I'LL.
ed with distinguished people. corps.
the cabinet ministers. military officials
and court f~unotionarics.
Missouri Ivring. = negrcss, has been
arrested at Newport News. Va. on =
charge Of eating her one year old baby.
Az the station house abe told how she
foved the little ono and gave axs sse
for devouTring = part Of the
the great Affection she bore IT,
Mining Recorder Jack Simpson, Of
Nelson, b. O.. who has just arrived
from Popular creek. reports that on
= strike made on the Swede
group exceeds in richness the marvel
Gus find Of last fall. =
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
Rio, lu Chicago.

Chicsro. April Elm a riot at the
plant Of The Diesel branch Of the Amer
lean Can company growing out Of an
effort TO reopen the factory and retain
80 Greek strike breakers. one man was
shot The union can makers. who de-
manded the discharge OF the Greeks,
were gathered about the factory when
the nonunion men. under police escort,
approached. Bricks began 10 fly and
several shots were fired. In the attack
ing party were a number Of girls The
strikers were dispersed by the police.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
Mining ks~.s.

Gazing 10 the completeness OF tn
canvass made, the volume OF minera
rasonrces for 1902. which the Unite,
states geological survey will soon hay
ready for distribution. will be OF NOR
than usual value TO those lntereste,
in the development OF the country
mineral wealth.
owing to lack Of water the mills O
the famous Treadweli mines on Doug
las island are running at only one quar-
ter OF their full capacity.
The joint scale committee OF the Goa
operators IA miners OF Illinois have
signed the scale. The scale agreed on
at indianapolis. i've and one.half cents
was adopted.
The Iowa miners and operators fail
ed TO agree n 1880 miners are on
strike. Every mine In Iowa is closed
The mining prospects in the Keller
district. on the south half OF the Col
vile reservation. In Washington. are
looking good. The project OF erecting
a shelter al Keller is one that greatly
interests every mining man in the dis
tricL
Soddan &sFredericks Of Pony, Mon
tana, who have been making extensive
tests OF their new process, claim that
they have been able 10 save every par
ficie Of gold in 40 uons Of low grade
ore 10 far subjected % the process.
They are seeretiye regarding tie pro-
cess. IL IL known that the ore is first
palyerized aud then roasted ia an
electrical apparatus, after which il il
put through = wash. Tests have
b~an temporarily suspended, as the
deep snow prevents them from getting
ore from the Old Joe mine. aproperty
they recently acquired.
A notice is posted al the Northport
smelter notifying the men that work
there Wall Dc resumed ia a few days
This Otto WAS evidently posted 10
prevent a general exodus OF the men who
were making preparations u leave.
The Majestic Copper Mining& smelt-
ing company Of Salt Lake CITY, Utah,
is now ia the hands OF Two receiver.
r. II. Tanner has charge OF the COM
pany's Affairs in Utah. and Henry Ait
man ia Colorado.
A nae in the large ny wheel In the
Federal Mining oompany's compressor
at wardnef. Idaho. caused The wheel.
which il 10 feet In diameter. 90 break.
while running al fuii speed Of ia
revolutions a minute. Parts o. the
wheel sene hurled through the walls
Of the building on both sides and the
floor was smashed In. No one Was
hurt
All The eoiiirries In wiikesbarre.
Pa. ~srr Idle one day last week. the
miners remaining a~ay from the work
90 celebrate the anniversary Of the
eight h0ur day victory in the soft coal
Joha nland has entered suit IN the
court against the Frisco Con
soiidaied Mining company 10 recover
SO. ZOO damages on account 81 Injuries
10 hass been sustained while
employed IN the oompany'z mines ai
Gem. ldAho
The Northport smeiter siii start up
aEain within 80 days. says T. J. VIII
manager of tho smeiser. The
szmrlsnE plant is about completed and
In Ices thar a week wil be ready 10
sample ei~ce 800 and 1000 ton Of
ofc a DAY.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
Tired. Nervous Women.

There are thousands Of them every.
where. A few bottles Of Peruna would
DO them untold benefit. Az = tonic and
nerve invigorstor !, has no equal. 1,
builds up the nerves. IL gives strength
10 the circuaiiion and al ono restores
the appetite and digestion. No feeble
woman should be without Peruna.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21

We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for
any case of Catsrrh that cannot be cured by
Halls Catxrrh Cure
r. j. CHENEY a co. Props. Toledo. @.
We. the undersfgnet. have known y. J.
for the last Is year., and believe him
honorable in all business trAnssc
ions and financially able to carry out any OBJ
made by their arm.
wrsr 4 TkvAx. Wholesale DrngEtsts. Toledo. ..
wAipfxe. krSSAx a MARVIN. Wholesale Drug
gfstk, Toledo. o.
ing directly upon the blood and mucous sur
faces OF the system. Price 7sc per bottle
sold BY all Druggists. Testimonials frca-
Hars Family Pills ars the bert
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21

n you do not receive prompt and
satisfactory results from the use OF
Perun.. write At onoe to DR.. Hartman.
giving = full statement of your case.
and he viii be pleased to give you his
valuable advice gratis.
Address DR.. Hartman, President OF
The Hartman S~anitsnum, Columbus.
Ohio.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21

They Affect the general bcAitn, tIcy
require constant attention, and are .
source Of anxiety and trouble all the
time, and in some cases highly ofdcn-
sive. There Is danger, too. o. these
places becoming csncerous II not
treated promptly and In the right
way. Washes, salvcs and ointments
nre good for external use, but they
can't stop the discharge or change
the condition Of the blood, and fof
this reason the sore never heals PEI.
manently. =
Not until the blood 10 purHed Of
impurities and the system cleansed
OF all harmful substances should the
ulcer heal, or the effect upon the sys-
tern might prove disastrous. 8. 8. 8.
goes into the circulation and searches
out and removes the cause 81 the
old sore and invigorates and builds
up the polluted, sluggish blood
and as the poisonous matter
Is driven from the system the core
to heal, new Aesh forms and
the place Is soon covered over with
frcsh skin and the sore b gone ic
dcbilitated from the Effects Of chru'
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
Spokane Retail Market.

observation-disclosures. u01.z5 per
sack; carrots. 2N5c ID; onions. 4q5c
lbs cabbage. zN5c ID; celery. lsc
Staik; horseraaish. I5@20c; tomatoes,
g5c ID. sl@Lz5 basket; greer onions
2 lunches Sc: radishes. &c bunch
Frnits-Oranges. l5450c doz; lem
oDs. l5Qz5c doz: cranberries. 15c lbs
apples. extra fancy Wagners. Sz@z.5c
box; Northern Spy Rome Beauty and
fancy Baldwins. yl50ql75 box: New
Town PipDin. sz.z5 box.
Poultry-Dressed chickens. youna
chickens. zoe; hens. 1sc ID. old oos
ers, If0lec ID: geese. zoe ID.
Dairy Products-Butter. best cream
cry, &c; common creamery. z5W50cs
best country. z0Q50c; common Gun
Try. 10Q20c; imported Swiss cheese
soc; American Swiss cheese, z5cs
cream brick cheese. 2Oqz5c; New
York cheese. zoe.
Eggs-Nev laid eggs z5c doz.
Meats-Beef porterbouse steak. Is
0zOc ID; sirloin steak. 15glsc Id,
round steak. I2Hc ID; shoulder steak
Toe ID; hamburger steak 109lzhe ID;
prime roast. i5QIsc ID; common roast.
l0Ql2c ID.
Fsh-Royal salmon, 1zH G15c h.
halibut. I2AGI5c ID; founders. Izhc
ID; ~whitehsh, Isc ID; smelts. lzhc 10.
Oysters and Clams-Eastern oysters
5O960 at; Olympia oysters. 75c qt;
bulk clans. &c ID; Toxic Points. S5e
doz in shell
FIour-Eastern fancy patents. s1.e5
GLIB sack: local patents, sl5o sack.
standard. $40 sack: Lowest. :iIo
sack; Washington wheat. sA40g4.7s
Dbl; buckwhest soG50c 10 ID sack
Grain and feed-Timothy. s5cGI05
cwt; alfalfa. s5Gs0c cwt; grain hay.
.s5GS0c cwt: oats. sl-359L40; bran.
s0Gs5c cwt: bran shorts, 800 cwt;
shorts. sIO5 cwt; wheat. sL40; chop
ped barley. sl2OGLz5; feed carrots.
soc sack.
Seed-Red clover. SIG cvt; aisike
clover. SIC cwt; alfalfa. ST cwt; tim
othy. Sc cwt; best redtop. slz cwt;
Kentucky bluegrass. SIS cwt; orchard
grass. SIS cwt: bromegrass. So cwt.
City hay market-Loose timothy hay
SIS; wheat hay. sl5Gle; oat hay. SIS
ale.
Wholesale Feed Prices
Bran, sl7 ton: bran and shorts. SIS
ton; oats. si-J cwt; wheat. sl-20 cwt:
chopped corn. fl-40 cwt; whole corn.
si-20 cwt; timothy hay. sls ton
Prices Paid to Producers
Vegetables and Fruits-Potatoes. rs
ds0c cwt: onions. 81 cwt: cabbage.
sl-35dL50 cwt; root vegetables. &c
cwt; S~pitzenberg apples. fl50 box;
Newton apples. sl.5o box.
Poultry and Eggs-chickens. roost-
ers. &c: hens. l2d14c live weight:
young chickens. lsGlec ID; turkeys.
dressed. lsG20c: geese and ducks. u
eggs. $3.50.
Creamery products. T. o. b. Spokane
COWS. s3G3-50 cwt; wethers. 81;
hogs. second grade. &c per 10 less
Live Stock-Steers. H0425 per
cwt: First grade cream butter fat, per
10. 27kc: $3.50: veal. s7dl0-
Hay-Timothy. sI5-5oGis ton; al
falfa. sls: grain hay. SIC; oats. slosG
LIS cwt
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21
Portland Grand JarJ.

Portland. Ore, April 6. Fourteen
indictments were returned against
p~roprietors Of gambling houses by the
county grand jury before Judge J. b.
Clelsnd, presiding judge in the state
circuit court. Seven ere against
Chinese establishments
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1904-04-21

He-I don't see why you shouldn't
believe that you are the only girl /
ever loved.
she-why; did all the other girls
believe its.Judge.