davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
WHY THERE is A wlsHBoNe.
Scientific Explanation of Its Existcnc
in Our Edible Fowls.

Scientific Explanation of Its Existence
in Our Edible Fowls.
Charles j. Maynard, well-known
man of science, told the members of
the Boston Scientific society at a recent
meeting the reasons for the existence
of what is known as the wishbone in
fowls. To begin with, the speaker de-
plored the lack of knowledge that ex-
lists regarding the structure of the birds
internally. For example," said he"
at is doubtful II five men in the United
States know much about the anatomy
of the common robin. The ornitliolo-
gists know all about external charac-
tiers, the color. arrangement and num-
Der of the feathers, methods of flight,
habits and the like, but exceedingly
little about the interiors of the birds
they study" Classitications have been
made largely by eNternals, when study
of the anatomy must be very I'M
portant part of the subject He had
himself begun with the anatomy, and
more than twenty years ago. in some
Of his publications, he dared TO sepa-
rate the owls from the hawks. They
had been placed in the same order, and
have so remained till very recently.
Now others have separated them even
more widely than Mr.. Maynard did so
long ago. His deductions were from a
knowledge of the anatomy.
The wishbone is called by scientists
the furcula and is in reality the union
of what are In man the two separate
collar bones. These in the birds re-
ceive the brunt of the strokes of the
wing that turn the creature in its Fight.
Few realize the strength of stroLe of
the birds wing. Ii is said that awan
has been known to break man's leg
by blow Of its wing, and in like
manner the wing-beatings Of the larger
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

time for "conspicous gallantry in nc
ton"
He was made captain Of the
Eighth United States in December,
1852, was transferred to the pay de-
partment in 1858 and, while on leave
of absence in 1861, resigned from the
service of the United States to accept
n brigadier generals commission In the
Confederate army.
He commanded brigade at the first
battle of Bull Run, and it has been said
that 1t was owing to his generalship
that the Union forces were defeated.
Having been promoted to major gen
eralcy, he took part In the seven days
battles around Virginia, and Mt the sec
ond battle of Bull Run, when in com.
mand of the First Corps of the Army OF
Northern Virginia, came to the relief
of Stonewall jackson when he was
hard pressed by Pope's army, and, by
a determined charge in the flank, saved
the day for the Confederates and made
it possible for them to claim victory
in what the Union forces never called
more than drawn battle.
At Gettysburg lie commanded the
right wing of the Army of Northern
Virginia. He was wounded by his own
troops in the battle of the Wilderness
but lie was soon with his troops again
and commanded the First Corps OF
Lees army i'll all the battles of 1864
and up to the surrender at Appomattoz
in 1865.
After the war lie was first in bust
ness at New Orleans. Gen. Grant gave
him successfully Federal positions, in
Guiding postmaster of New Orleans
Hayes appointed him minister to Tur
keyi Garfield made him United
States Marshal and Mckinley n Rail
road Commissioner He was since
married and the second wife, whom hi
married when he was 76 and she 80
ealrvivpa
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
birds are dangerous If they stslke tbe

birds are dangerous If they stvike the
head or face. If, therefore, a large
bird is in the habit of making sudden
turns to right or left in Its fight 1t
must be fitted with wishbone com.
petent to Withstand the great strain
OF the wing stroke on one side. For
this reason we find in the eagle and
IKE birds of quickly turning flight a
furcuia that is perfect Roman arch.
widely at variance with the Gothic
arch which is the shape of the wish.
pone OF our common fowls. The
eagles furcula is n solid rounded arch,
everywhere equally strong, and not de-
veloping those points of weakness that
make our sport of breaking the wish.
bone possible.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
MADE THE FIRST cos PIPE.
President Jackson Has Another Mort
gage Upon Immortal Fame.
ii.

President Jackson Has Another Mort.
gage Upon Immortal Fame.
Barring the TT. D." clay for the
grown men and the cigarette for the
rising generation. there are few things
so popular with the tobacco-smoking
fraternity us the corncob pipe. And
the history of the corncob is interest.
ing telling. In its evolution from man.
ufacture by hand, up until to-day, that
thousands are turned out every work.
ing day, there are interesting epoclls.
In the manufacturing district along
the Delaware river there is night
Waterman, colored man, who back III
the days "befo' de wa" was a sluve in
Louisiana. He was born and reared
in slavery. Yesterday he was smoking
corncob contentedly, ref1ectlvely and
reminiscently. AS he pulled he asked
the question:
who was the first white man to
make a corncob pipe? Do you know ~
NO" Then tie negro told this story:
1T was Andrew Jackson, President
of the United States. A man by the
name of st. Armand was a soldier un.
der Jackson when he was MAJOR Gen.
eral at New Orleans. At the time that
jackson used bales Of cotton for pro.
tecting his army he was found smok.
Ing corIIcob 7and said he had made
it himself. This was when Colonel
Thornton, of the British regulars, made
his attack on Jackson
A relative of the speakers, Henry
Guesno, who went to New York city
about nineteen months ago, was the
first man to make corncob pipes for
sale. 1t was in 1867, when lie was EN-.
ployed by n man named Mayrone in
New Orleans. Arayrone had been his
owner In the days Of slavery and came
upon Gucsno one day when he was
whiting pipe and asked him why
he didn't make them to sell. The old.
style corncob had long been an institu.
ton of the Southern negro, but not of
merchantable article. The interrog.
atory of Mayrone set Guesno thinking,
with the result that in the fall of 1867,
Mt Mechanics and Agricultural Asso.
CATIONS fair of the State of Louisiana,
held In New Orleans, he exhibited a
number of pipes, all of which had
ready sale. One Objectionable feature
was that the bowl burned out very
quickly. Guesno consulted well.
known chemist, with the result that
harmless chemical composition was
applied which infinitely prolonged the
life Of the corncob and which to-day
is being used in its manufacture. In
the days of Guesno it was saAi he re.
ceived as high as $25 for pipe which
to-day can be bought for n nickel
Philadelphia Press.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
GENERAL JAMES LonesTREEr.
"Thc Grand Old Man" of the Southern
.Coufcderacy.

"Thc Grand Old Man" of the Southern
Confcderacy.
Gen. James Longstreet, known as
the Grand Old MN of the Confed-
cracy, who died recently at Gainesville,
Ga, was considered the hardest fighter
on the Southern side in the civil war.
He was born In Edgefield, s. c., Jan.
8, 1921. His father died when he was
n lad and shortly afterward. in 1881,
he and his mother went to Alabama.
He always wanted to be n soldier and
his mother secured for him an appoint
ment to the United States Military
Academy. He was graduated in 1912
and assigned to the Fourth Infantry.
He served all through the Mexican
war and was made captain by brevet
for gallant and meritorious conduct in
the battles of Contreras and Churubus-
co. At the storming of Chapultepec,
on Sept. i3, 1S47, he was severely
wounded, and was again promoted, this
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

rItes teeth is proving
that pluck the
Louis sehueke of Bunker HILL Waterbury,
or hands,
brush adjusted firmly those ivory clamps he draws
ana the Waterbury Republican
Mr. Schueke
bent in allowing at comfortahe
angle still another
admit of firm grip by the teeth and lips He surprising rapid
i the being Of the nsno,
writing could not be distinguished from
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

chic iscords Cancer for exampe Balance of the
cell community the body, party results from inherited
forces but chiefly from the influence Of environment
those forces at periods of stress before birth.
As rule the lower in type suffer for the ben
eft Of the higher and in instances becoming useless
tend to disappear The BRAIN system liver and
other glands heart and blood vessels and the
nected with the expense of the bones teeth
hair skin and bowels.
has been preserved for of usefulness through the
proper training at the periods of which its defects
enforced Charles Darwin from heavy heritage of
disorder thereby from the strain Of school
of medical practice of business At school Darwin
displayed scientific tendencies and therefore took much
outdoor exercise During his at Cambridge the
procvities appeared Aided by his natural science pro-
fessor Darwin did not bother about his college standing
HIS ailments played great in his acceptance of the
post on the Beagle whose originated the doctrine
OF natural selection eXpounded by Charles Darwin.
Darwin thus escaped the dwarfng tendencies Of
glish schools and universities though to lesser extent
than Herbert Spencer who defective youngster,
had to be educated privately.
Degeneracy is always factor of advance when 1t
sweeps away useless for the benefit of the
ism as whole The strength of the athlete may enhance
the primary but crippled form may compel training
which creates deyotee of the golden rule AS advance
evolution results from creation of checks undue ex-
pendure of force bodily defect degeneracy accom-
panied by healthy brain, thereby enforces advance
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

occurred recently
at Jefferson, Ohio.
marked the passing
of n character well
known throughout
Western Pennsyl-
vania during the
oil days, once pos
sessed of grea t
wealth, and proba-
bly, the only indi-
vidual who ever
owned an entire
railroad.
During his early
manhood L e W ! s
,,,,neeo1 n Fortuna
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
The primary cause for this conditio,

1fC Pf1ff' St'u'e TUT Tits Sof'e'f'10ff
of things, Mr.. London thinks, is the
struggle for commercial supremacy,
and the immediate cause gross and stu
pendous mismanagement on the part
of the governing class. From Mr.. Lon
don't point of view, "the political ma
chine known as the British Empire is
running down." but he sees n smiling
future for England when the discred-
tied machinery shall finally be cast up
on the scrap Observation-Disclosures Post.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

In order to prevent the extinction
Of the chamois in the Swiss Alps, a
law has been passed in Grlsonos,
Switzerland, prohibiting the shooting
of chamois on the mountains. A real
chamois skin is now worth $50.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
WHAT CONSTITUTES A HAPPY MARRIAGE.
By Helen OIdneId,

recent writer declares that there are about
ninety and nine thousand plausible counterfeits
of love, physical, mental and spiritual Some of
them will last for week. some month, some
year, or perhaps longer, but none Of them,
he asserts, will endure for three years. By that
time the joy in each others presence Is ex-
hausted, the harness chafes, and worst Of all the
incurableness of marriage daunts one. and tbe
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
Lengthening His DAYS.

Uncle George-Don't you know YOU
are killing yourself staying up till mid.
night every night?
Stephen-What are you talking
about? Is that not the only way to
make ones days long in the land?-
Boston Transcript
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
Wage Re lnctions univcr,ol.

There are two reasons given for the
protective tariff by the Republicans
one that it protects the manufacturers
from foreign competition ana the
other that it raises the price for la
Dor. AS about all the manufacturers
have been organized into trusts or
combines and every industry has long
ago thrown off its swaddling clothes
and none of them can any longer be
called infant industries, the first rea.
son for n protective tariff falls to the
ground. The rapid decrease in wages
now going on. the numerous strikes
and the continued high cost of living
would seem to demolisli the other rea-
son. But the protectionists are still
saying, LET well enough alone" al
though their voices are much less stri-
dent than when Hanna issued insfruc-
tons to stand pat" There has been
no lowering of the tariff tax, the Ding
ley bill is still supposed to adequate
~ secure American Industrial prod
ucts against the competition of for.
.eign labor" but the old machine
shows signs of wear and rasps and
groans when the labor cogs need OIL
Ing. Where protection is highest there
seems to be the most friction, as in
the iron and steel industries.
The latest to show signs of demorali-
cation is the lumber and logging bust
ness, in which wages have declined
about % per cent. A dispatch from
Ontonagon, Mich, to the Boston
Transcript says:
During the past few weeks there
has been notable change in the la
Dor situation in logging circles in
Northern Michigan. At the opening
of the season men were so scarce that
numbering concerns could only get n
small portion of the help needed. High
wages We're no inducement. Now,
however, more men are applying for
work than can be employed and
wages have dropped from $50 to $35
per month, including board, to So
$2G. Some employers are said
securing green hands for ms low
per month"
The wood and lumber schedr
D!ngley bill is still PROTECTING
Der trusts and combines, a
them to continue the exor
on lumber and shingles,
" the woods and who
r . O. i
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

The operating expense of a bank
with capital Of 100000 is Pa per
cent. of the loans and discounts, but
the operating expenses are only 1873
per cent. If the bank have capital of
100000 or more.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

realism responded to by the novelist coming direct to
the great fountain of facts and drawing herefrom nspra
ton for his stories. The novelist like the poet claims
believe certain of latitude. and he may occa-
sonaly find himself lying under the temptation to fit in
scientific fact to the cxgencics Of his tale rather than
adopt the procedure
remember excellent Illustration of this latter fact
1t has long been supposed by the unnsuced the eye
Of say, murdered retains the image his assa
ant Furthermore 1t is believed by many from the
dead eye photograph of the assalant might thus be
procured
need not point out that such proceeding posi-.
BILE might prove thing for an innocent person
who happened to come upon the dying and who was
Intent rendering assistance might certain cir
umstances be reasonably suspected being himself the
author of the crime Now story appeared years ago in
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
DEctNtRAcy AS a FACTOR OF ADVANCE
BY DR.. James G. Herman.
is a union of organs who's,

The human body Is union Of organs whose
balance constitutes health, but whose dlscord
means defect and disease AS Acsop, St Paul
and, later, Rou2 recognized, war will occur be
by well balanced nervous system. Organs
cells and structures normally sacrifice their in
lividual life for the benefit of the body as q
whole Where such sacrifice is not made mar
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

President Roosevelt probably re.
ceives more mail than any other man
in the world. If lie had to pay the post
age, 1T would cost him one-fourth Of
his salary each year. King Edward
receives about 1000 letters and 5000
papers day; Emperor William, from
500 to COO dnily; Queen Wilhelmina,
between 100 to 100 day.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27


T. Over in Canada the government Is
having trouble with some of the pro-
tected steel plants about the amount
of bounty due them. 1t says the manu-
facturers are not entitled to all they
claim. This shows what IL coarse,
clumsy system they have there in com
parison with our smooth working tar
if system. The Canadian manufac-
turers are only asking fora few mil.
lions yenr in bountles. while one of
our steel manufacturing organizations,
by means of the tariff system, took
about S7O,O00,000 from the people last
year. and there was 10 dispute with
the government rs to the amount and
only now and then few tritiing kicks
from the plundered victims. A small
sum like S3,OOO,O0O or $4,000, 900 looks
big when taken openly from the gov.
eminent treasury and turned over 10
the trusts; but $70,OOO,0OO can be
taken secretly and given to the trusts
and not word will be said. The boun-
ty system is not "in IT. with protec-
ton
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
MILITARY Education.

The reorganization of the military
establishment found more than one.
third of the officers of the army des
titute Of any martial education ex.
cept the empirical sort they had picked
up in the field.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
HOW NovELlsrs JUGGLE WITH SCIENCE.

toerably wide course of novel reading has
fitted me to pronounce judgment on at least one
phase of the fiction of the period. That partc-
ular aspect concerns the part played by scientific
topics and facts in the building and developing
of the plot of many modern novels. Those who
have not made special study of this topic can
not realize the extent to which science is drawn
InO Inv fhe T fc tho
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

~
The Hon. w. Bourke Cochran said
in a speech in New York: There is
one act which the Republicans have
Incorporated into our laws, but which
the people have never yet Endorsed,
and against which the Democrats must
struggle by the very law Of their being,
and that is the policy of plumber for
protection. Democrats have always
realized that protection was logically
absurd, economically unsound. morally
infamous, but because of the attract
i've name which 1t bore, many persons
were lured to its support. The organi-
cation of trusts has made 1t clear Just
what protection means"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27
PECULIAR CHARACTER, FAMOUS
- lN7pfNssa1xaNiA Cit REGIONS

The death of G. L. Lewis, familiar
ly known throughout western Penn
sylyania as Popcorn" Lewis, which
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

He-By George, but hasn't she got
Il splendid voice?
she-Mercy! Just see how her skirt
hangs! Transcript.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

If you are looking for a steady cob
buy an automobile and try to keep it
in running order,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

Wealth is sure to bring disappolnt.
ments-after you lose it.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

The narrowest Republican estimate
of the relative strength of the parties
In the coming presidential election con-
cedes to Democracy the following
States, with a total of 151 electoral
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

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Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1904-01-27

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Ad,nissiol
Reserve
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Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1904-10-25
BASKET BALL.
Practice Games to Be Held Here
Team May Be Formed.

Arrangements have been made by
the mana cement of the Gardiner BaS-
ketbaIl team to have practice games
in Wilson hall two evenings each week,
the first game of this kind to occur,
next Saturday evening. No definite
plans relating to the formation of a
basketball league have as yet been
made, although it is entirely probable
that a schedule will be arranged by the
first of December.
The practice games will tend to de-
velop the present Gardiner teams, and
as talent comes forward and the good
interest is apparent, the formation of
a Hallowell team will be in order. All
Hallowell young men who have or have
not previously played the game are re-
quested to join the movement. and all
such may hand their names to r. p.
Hazard or George d. GRAHAM. Lack
of previous experience will not debar
any coming in.
The practice games will Occud in
Wilson hall, Tuesday and Friday aven>
1ngs. commencing, next Saturday. a
small admission fee to gallery will be
charged. 1t is hoped that sufficient in
terest may be aroused here for the or
ganizinS of a team to enter Il Kenne-
bee Valley League.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1904-10-25
LESS THAN FOUR MILES
Now Said to Separate Both of the
Armies.

Mukdcn, Oct. 24-Via Pekin.-The
at Shakhe on October Il and are now
rushing forward towards the japanese
positions. entrenching as they advance.
At the same time Russian batteries
are continually bombarding the Jap
1nese, who can be plainly seen, busily
engaged in making trenches.
This plan Of the Russians to en-
trench as they advance. was adopted,
because it was found in the recent big
battle that it was impossible to adj
vance without some protection in the
face Of the Japanese shrapnel fire.
The Russian batteries are now bet
ter screened than they We're III former
engagements, but the troops on both
sides apparently make no great efforts
to conceal themselves.
The Russian and japanese armies
are now separated by less than four
miles and the whole field Of operations
OF both armies can be plainly seen.
The question of fuel is becoming a
serious one. The greater part of the
Chlnese corn has already been used
Tor fuel and for fodder. while most of
the houses in the Chioese villages have
been destroyed and their wood used for
fuel.
With fuel and without shelter be-
yond that provided by tents il seems
Impossible for the armies to remain in
the neld during the increasing cold
weather
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1904-10-25
AN ATTACK
Said to Be Feared by Russian
3r Fleet.

Cherbourg. France, Oct 24.-The adj
vance guard of the Russian Second
Pacific squadron consisting of torpedo
boats is in the outer harbor. The marin
squadron is expected here. but it is not
yet certain whether the Warships will
enter the harbor. The vessels which
first arrived here were not with the
larger ships when the latter fired upon
the British fishing boats in the North
sea. Saturday morning. Therefore it
is not yet possible to obtain the Rus
sian version of the affair.
The Russian torpedo boats are sur
rounded by guard boats and the ut
most vigilance is maintained. No per-
son is permitted to approach them and
no person is allowed to come ashore eX-
ccpt the postman. The boats are fur
nshed with the wireless telegraph
equipment. They took on provisions
from the transport Korea. During
Sunday night and Monday morning,
the vigilance was redoubled owing to
the fear of Japanese ships being in the
channel. Three Russian torpedo boats
and the transport Korea headed out to
sea during the day probably to commu-
nicatc with the main squadron. The
newspapers here report that the torpe-
do boats received wireless commune
cation from the main fleet, Sunday
evening, urging their commanders to
be vigilant for fear of attack while in
the channel