davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-30
CAMPBELL HEARING BEGINS.
Most Damaging Testimony Against De
 fendant Was That of a Negro.

Phenix City, March 29.-(Special. )-The preliminary trial of Marshal w. c. Camp bell, charged with the murder of R. A. Thetford, began before Justice J. B. Coan today. Attorneys E. J. Wynn of Colum- bus and J. D. Henry of Scale, represent the prosecution and Attorneys Barnes and Duke and George P. Harrison of opelika the defense The state introduced at the morning session all it's witnesses but one.
 The most damaging testimony was that of a negro, Will Pickett an eyewitness, who said that the shooting of Thetford was unprovoSed; that the marshal shot him when he was making no effort to harm the officer. The defense will at tempt to lmpeach the negro. Pickett ad- mitted that MT Thetford had a pistol, but said that he made no attempt to use it.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-30
unIversIty of AIabama 8, Marion 3

Tuscaloosa March 29.-(Special.)- .)-In . eame that surprised the local fans for its closenezs. the UnivsrsAty of Alabama bsssbal! .sam this afternoon defeated the team from the Marion military institute by scoro of to A Until the edEhth in-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-30
At Bennina.

Washington, March 29.-The talent scored heavily at Benning today Favor ties won In each of the six events. The track was considerably improved and sev- eral local records were broken, but gen erally the finishes were not exciting
 Four horses in a field of seven fell in the steepechase. and only one of them, Boney Boy, finished. The race went to Imperialst, the favorite, who won by ten lengths.
 First race. five and half furongs-Paul Clifford 10S (Burns), 2 to 3. won; Mimo. 9S (O'Connor). 9 to 1. second Queen Eliza beth, 99 (Carmack). to 1, third. Time, 1 :09 1-5.
 Second race, one-half mile-Dulcibel. 105 tH. Philips). to }, won; Jade, 105 (N1i- chaels), 20 to 1. second; Mon Amour. 1O5 (RomanelD, 30 to l, third. Time, 50 IA.
 Third race. six furlongs-Latheron, 112 (McCue), Il to 3, won; Coquet, 112 (Shaw), 3 to l. second: Rocklan. 112 Henderson,, 6 to 1. third Time. 09
 Fourth race six furlongs-Andrew Mack 112 (Shaw), to 5, won; Tide. 1O6 GIL Phil lips) 6 to 1. second; Brotherhood, 109 (Burns), 30 to 1. third. Time, 1;16 3-5.
 Fifth race, seven furlongs-Sals, 101 (H. Phillps), even, won Honolulu, IF Gar mack. 6 to l, second; Trapezist, 110 (Mi- chaels), to l. third. Time, 1:30.
 Sixth race, handicap. steepechase, about two miles-Imperialist 164 (Mara), to 3, won; Trinity Bell 146 co. Green). to 1, second; Provost, 147 (Galagher), 20 to l., third. Time, 4:17.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-30

(Austin), to 5, won; Fossil. 102 (Kunz), 3 to l. second; Sambo 109 (Crawford), IF to 1. third. Time. 1:43
 Fifth race, about a mile and a quarter Duke of Connaught. 134 (P. McAuliffe), 8 to 1, won; Melbourne Eclipse. 127 Gay lor). 3 to l, second Golden Link, 163 e. Johnson), to l. third. Time. 2:5T1z.
 Sixth race, mile. sellng-Dutiful, 101 (Wishard), to 1, won; Martina 107 CDom- iniclx. 21a to 1, second; Falkland 101 (W. Hennessy), 8 to 5, third. Time. 1:44.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-03-30
Funeral Takes Place Today.

Vivian, March 29.-(Special) )-The fun eral of Mrs. Maggie Crane. who was found dead in her bed on Sunday morn ing, will take place at the Baptist church at p. m. tomorrow. The Rev. J. w. O'Hara, assisted by Rev s. B. Johnston, pastor of the Methodist church, will con- duct the services.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

had been brought before Judge Stubs dur
ing the entire term of two years when he
was Judge of the Police Court. ten years
earlier.
The situation seemed alarming to Judge
Stubbs. The Police Court could only apply
the law as ii then existed to the cases of
these children. and could only punish them
adults might be punished-by fine or i'm
prisonment-and this was death to the
child's moral side. for if sent TO the work
house or Jail, he came out, instead of be-
ing reformed. confirmed criminal on ac-
count of his association with persons more
hardened than himself.
IT, in the Police Court, judgment was
suspended. as was done in many cases. the
effect was bad. as many of the worst boys
came to think that the entire proceeding
was a farce and meant nothing. 1t had
been found that when under a suspended
sentence from the Police Court boy would
always commit some other misdemeanor
and be rearrested.
When the number OF cases of children
grew so large. Judge Stubs saw that some
attention should be paid TO it, and through
his efforts a bill was prepared for the last
Legislature and was passed by that body
creating the Juvenile Court; and Governor
Durbin appointed Judge Stubs to act as
Judge of the court until the next general
election. which occurs this fail.
NUMBER OF CASES.
During the time the court has been in
existence there have been 7O5 cases brought
before il, of which number 573 were boys
and 132 girls. These children were charged
with all OF the offenses known to the law,
from the most trivial misdemeanor, such
throwing stones at street car or letting
the wine ont of the tire OF a bicycle found
standing or the street. to the more serious
charge of murder.
Marshall Harrington was the boy charged
with this last named crime. few months
ago he shot a boy with whom he was play
ing. Marshall Harrington a bright
boy. and this was the first time he had
ever been in trouble. He was sentenced 10
Plain1eld where he will remain until he
reaches his majority.
The children that are brought into the
Juvenile Court are not called criminals. but
on the contrary are designated delnquents.
IL is stated that the majority of them are
too young 10 know the enornity of their
crime. and consequently it does them no
good 10 be called criminals and il also kills
what little spark OF pride remains in them
OF the incOrrigibIcs. the worst OF the de-
lnquents. including the degenerates among
the boys. numbering 113 in all. hfty-three
have been sent 10 the Indiana Boys School.
and OF the others forty-eight have been sent
20 the Julia f. Work Training School, In
Marshall county, i've TO Whites Manual
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

cred very unsantary and physicians are
unanimous in declaring that it should all
come out and be replaced by new.
There have been no improvements made
at the hospital since 1892, when the place
was painted. Since then not thing has
been done with the exception of erecting
the new building and consequently almost
everything about the place is worn out and
needs replacing.
MORGUE UNDER THE KITCHEN.
One of the worst places about the City
Hospital is the morgue, which is situated
directly under the kitchen. This place is
old and dilapidated and has ar exceeding
ly gruesome appearance. The plastering
has fallen from the walls in patches, leav-
ing the laths exposed. The morgue is very
dark and has no proper accommodations
and with the stretcher in the middle of the
floor, upon which the dead are laid, leaves
anything but fascinating impression upon
ones mind.
Another feature which the physicians Of
the city, as well the authorities at
the hospital, are complaining of is the old
tumble-down cottage on Redmond street in
which the patients suffering from conta-
gious diseases are confined. This building
is unsanitary in every particular, and
should be replaced with a contagious dis
ease pavilion fitted with all modern con-
veniences, it is said.
1t is contended that the cottage which
was formerly used as the pesthouse, could
be cleaned and thoroughly renovated. so
that there would be no danger from small
pox, and could easily be transformed into
49, oopta o;o,,c disease pa1-fliop iS NOT
situated too far from the hospital, and is
much larger and in better condition than
the building which is used at the present
time.
To remodel the hospital the Health Board
contends will cost s24,572, although it has
asked the Council to appropriate but $4,000.
The board thinks it will have no trouble in
getting this amount, the majority of
city officials now realize that the institu-
ton is in very bad shape and needs re-
pairing. However, some of the officials
have made serious objections against re-
pairing the institution, but physicians about
the city say that if they had acquainted
themselves with the conditions as they
really exist at the hospital they would
surely not have put forth such vigorous
objections. 1t is desired to get the money
as soon as possible and commence the work
at once
Connected with the City Hospital is the
Flower Mission Hospital for incurable con-
sumptives. This is practically ward in
the institution, which was built by SUBJ
scriptons raised by the Flower Mission.
1t, however, occupies a separate building.
located in the northern part of the hospital
grounds. There have been quite number
OF patients admitted since the hospital was
orened last fall. and the results which have
been derived from the work very fat
tering 10 those who manage the institution
Another part OF the City Hospital which
greatly needs Improvement is the grounds.
Situated, the institution Is. in a part OF
the city where no natural advantages are
TO be had, it is a difficult matter TO i'm
prove the surroundings, although they
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

compelled to battle in the same tubs. 1t is
the intention of the superintendent to stop
this. so that each class of patients may
have their own bath rooms and not come in
contact with each other.
There has been d great amount of con-
troversy lately about the condition of the
City Hospital and to fully realize this a
person has simply to visit the institution
and see for himself 1t is not necessary
for anyone to so around with the visitor
and point out to him the defects in the
buildings as the floors in the kitchens are
rotting away and the plastering falling
down. and it is an actual fact that some of
the chimneys are tumbling down and the
roof in several places is SO worn out that
whenever it rains water comes through and
seeps into the corridors and wards.
The first building of the City Hospital
was constructed in 1854 and it was in this
part that the main Offices were located
til late last fall when they were moved into
what is known as the new part, which is
on Locke street. While this part was built
three or four years ago it has only recent
ly been occupied. The building was erected
during Mayor Taggart's last administration
and besides being occupied by the. general
officers there are the attendants quarters
and a few rooms for patients
All of the plumbing at the City Hospital
is in such bad condition that it is consid-
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

becoming very serious. OF course most of
the people who have money enough go to
private sanitariums, which are conducted
principally by physicians.
in regard to these private institutions,
Indiana polls is very well supplied, but
what is now needed are places into which
charity patients who have not the means
to be admitted to the private institutions
can be taken. These people naturally be-
come sick and have to be taken care of,
and as the situation now stands in the city
there is hardly any place for them to go.
At the Deaconess Hospital there has not
been a bed vacant twenty-four hours since
the 1st of January
The City Hospital. which is located at
the corner of Locke and Margaret streets,
is at the present time the largest institu-
ton of the kind in the city, having room
for 165 patients, and at one time this spring
1877 patients were being cared for. During
these few weeks the hospital con-
siderably overtaxed, and beds and cots had
to be place in the corridors.
OF the hospitals in the city the City
Hospital is by far in the worst condition,
both from sanitary standpoint and the
amount of room that is utilized to accom-
modate the patients. The principal trouble
with this hospital is the fact that so much
valuable space is used in corridors closets
and small rooms, which are practically
good for nothing and should by all means
be utilized in making the wards all over
the institution larger and better able to
take care of more patients than can be
cared for at the present time.
Tn +ba fret nlaca n ic contapdaJ hxy nh,
sicians that the way the buildings are now
constructed not enough light and sunshine
are admitted tc the sick The beds in the
wards are all on one side of the building,
and as a wall separates the wards from
the large corridors. daylight is only adj
mitted by the windows on one side. 1t is
a fact well known among physicians that
plenty of light and ventilation are abso-
lutely necessary in a hospital.
AFTER MORE LIGHT
1t is proposed by Dr. Martin the superin-
tendent of the institution, to cut the walls
which separate the wards from the corri~
doris and insert large seven-foot archways.
thus practically taking out the walls and
letting the light in from both sides. This
arrangement would enlarge the capacity
of the rooms so that they would accommo-
date nearly twice many beds. 1t is
also the intention TO remove the partition
walls between number of small rooms
and closets, which are now useless, and
convert them into part of the wards. When
all of this extra space is made a part of
the hospital wards 226 patients can be
taken care of. which will nearly double the
capacity OF the institution.
In the proposed improvements of the
hospital it is the intention of the authori-
ties 10 include four new bath rooms. AS II is
now there are ten bath rooms. but of this
number four cannot be used. as they are
in such bad shape. They are in fact com
pletely worn out. and it Is impossible 10
use them at all.
The bath rooms at this institution at
the present time are so scarce that all pa
tents. matter what their ailment. are
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

ETCNDIANAPOLIS is very poorly
Isl equipped so far as public hos
49, pitfalls are concerned. Prominent
lcgsN&9i physicians say that probably
there is no city in the United
States which boasts of 100000 inhabitants
that is as badly off when it comes to talk
ing care of the sick as this city. There are
only three public hospitals-the City Hos
pital. ST. Vincent's Inhrmary and the
Protestant Deaconess Hospital. In a year
or so. however. there will be another large
hospital erected and ready for receiving
patients-the Methodist Episcopal The
building has not yet been commenced.
The three hospitals that are now receiv-
ing patients in this city can accommodate
$50 persons. This. however. puts them at
their greatest capacity and in fact over
crowds them. At present every hospital
in the city is overtaXed to accommodate
the sick and this overcrowded condition
has existed ever since last January. Those
in charge of the hospitals say this con-
dition is due TO the fact that Indianapolis
has grown so rapidly in the last year or
so: and, of course, as the number of in
habitants increases the demand for hos
pitfalls also becomes greater.
AS it is now there are not enough hos
pitfalls here to accommodate those who APP
ply for admittance. say the physicians, and
because of this condition the situation is
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

fore the court where il is deemed advisable
to let the girl or boy so on probation, one
of these volunteers has been called in, and
the child given tn such officer until further
order of the court; and it is contended that
more good comes from the work of the
probation officers than from any other
source for it is seldom that child is given
TO one of them that he is rot completely re-
formed before he has been under the Off
GERS charge many weeks.
The Juvenile Court law provides. and
very wisely, too. that many volunteer
probation officers as may be needed. and
who are willing 10 serve without pay. may
be appointed by the court. This work has
proven very popular in this city, and 100
persons have enrolled themselves and are
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

the clerks of the other oourts-that is. to
keep the various records and perform all
clerical work pertaining to the court
The police officer of the Juvenile Court
is Frank Stephenson. He is a member of
the regular police force and is detailed
to this department One of his principal
duties is to appear in Police Court every
morning, and all boys under sixteen years
of age that are locked up by the officers
during the night are taken in charge by
him and brought to the Juvenile Court
Considerable of his work also pertains to
investigation of cases of various kinds
that come up in the court
Judge STUDIOS was seen the other day in
his private office. and in talking over the
CONFINED ON PAGE .. PART 81
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

expenses in every case where they are able.
This has good effect on the parents by
making them take better care of the child.
for they are well aware that if they do not
he will be sent 10 some institution and they
will be made TO pay his expenses.
There have also been many cases tried
before the court in which the sentence was
suspended, and then some have been dis
charged and many allowed to go home
without further supervision of the court
but the majority of children have been
placed under the supervision of the volun-
teer probation officers
PROBATION OFFICERS.
1t is through the system of probation Off
GERS that the reform of these children is
really accomplished. When case is be-
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22

Labor Institute, in Wabash county, and
seven to other private schools and insti-
tutions in this State.
OF the depraved and incorrigible girls,
forty-one in number. twenty have been sent
to the Indiana Industrial School for Girls,
and of the others twenty-one have been
placed i'm other schools and institutions,
making total of seventy-three boys and
girls placed in the two State institutions
and. eighty-one boys sent to the other in
stitntions throughout the State.
Seven of the eighty-one children sent to
these institutions by the court are self-sup-
porting. and are having all of their ex-
pen:es paid by their parents under the or
der sof the court. Ii is the rule &c require
the parents or guardians to bear all such
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22
Established Little NJ or e
Than One Year Ago 1t
Is Yet to Some Extent
in the Expert m e n al
Stage. Work Being Ac-
complished ~ II II ~

- HERE is not a more interesting
place in the city to visit. If one
is interested i'm reform, than the
lIITlYs Juvenile Court, which is situated
- ON The third floor of the court
house work of reform is being carried
on every day that in the majority of cases
Is successful for dealing with children is
quite different from trying TO make hard
ened criminal change his mode of life In
most instances il has been found in this
court if the child is appealed to in
the right manner. he is susceptible to good
influences. while grown person is seldom
prevailed upon to change his ways.
The Juvenile Court has only been in ex-
istence little over year having been
ganized a year ago last April. While the
work so far has been very successful. it is
contended that the court as yet is largely
an experiment, as il takes several years
TO establish a tribunal of this kind and
make a thorough success OF it, since there
are obstacles arising at all times which, if
one is not thoroughly acquainted with the
work. will greatly handicap the judge.
The agitation for the establishment of "a
special court in this city for the hearing
OF charges against children grew out of the
conditions found to exist in the Police
Court when Judge Stubs went into office in
October. 1901.
More children under the age of sixteen
years were brought into that court charged
with violations of the law during the first
thirty days. from Oct. Il to Nov Z. than
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1904-05-22
Somewhat Behind Its Needs
In the Matter of Hospitals for the Public

The City Hospital, the Largest Of These Insttu
tons, Is Badly in Need Of Inprovement..Prot-
estant Deaconess Hospital and ST Vincents
Inhrmary Fill a Want :. Proposed Methodist
Hospital Will Greatly Help. Condition Of the
Institutions u II u II ~
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-10-13
BRIEF TWILIGHT.

At the Equator 1t lasts Only n Little
Over IN Hour.
As twilight is caused by the refrac-
ton Of the atmosphere, without which
we should be instantly in darkness ut
sunset, all parts of the earth have twi-
light, though Of varying duration.
When the sun has sunk eighteen de-
grees below the horizon no more light
can be refracted anywhere, but the path
Of the sun at the equator is SO nearly
vertical that its disappearance Is pro-
portionally rapid.
The shortest twilight at the equator
is one hour and twelve minutes at the
equinoxes in March and September;
the longest is one hour and nineteen
minutes at the solstices in June and
December.
In London from May % to July q
it is twilight all through the night. No
wonder, with a disparity so great,
people speak of night in the tropics
as coming on almost suddenly. Farther
north still, in the Shetlands and Nor
way, we speak Of the midnight sun,
where men never lose sight Of the orb
Of day and twilight is unknown.-Lon-
don Spectator.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-10-13
A CITY WITHOUT TAXES.

All It's Expenses Are Paid by the In
come From It's Property.
In the Black forest of Germany is the
little city of Freudenstadt, with about
1000 inhabitants, busy industrial
place with iron and chemical works OF
some importance.
Small as it is, Freudenstadt is u full
fledged city, with mayor, aldermen
half a dozen policemen and fire en-
CINE. The public business is conduct.
ed on an economical basis. and the to-
tai expenses do not exceed $4,000 in q
year.
Freudenstadt has the distinction OF
being the only city in Germany and
perhaps in the world which does not
tax the citizens shilling for munich
pal expenses. The yearly net revenue
from the public property covers all the
expenditure.
This property consists of about G,OOO
acres of fine forest, which, being man.
aged under the best forestry methods,
is permanent source Of income. One
or more trees are planted for every one
that is cut down. No tree is cut till il
can yield the maximum profit.
After deducting all the expenses Of
the industry the annual profit to tho
acre is about f1.-Pearson's Weekly.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-10-13
NEWS CONVERSATIONS
Wednesday. Oct, s,

W00084Q6yp OCS. D
The American Jockey. Joe Pigott.
has been fatally injured in the races
at Rostoff. Don, Russia.
Henry Walker. a wealthy Chicago
man. was killed at Cedar Lake. Ind.
Tuesday. by a Monon passenger train.
The legality of the practice OF
Christian science In New Hampshire
was upheld by the supreme court of
that state Tuesday.
President Roosevelt Tuesday ap.
pointed Julius G. Lay as consul at
Canton In succession to Robert Nc.
Cabe. removed. Mr.. Lay formerly was
American consul at Barcelona.
Mrs. Annie f. Hall Greenwald, the
only woman forecast officer employed
by the United States government. is
dead at her home near Hanover, Pa.
aged ftfty-seven years.
Lieutenant Governor Frank Way
land Higgins. the nominee for gov
ernor of New York. and his associates
on the Republican state ticket were
Tuesday formally notified Of thei,
nomination.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1904-10-13
E.rly Action In Tuberculosis.


The whole secret Of success in the
treatment of tuberculosis is to so
increase the resistance Of the patient
as to bring about the arrest Of the
tuberculosis process and to prevent
secondary infection. Early recogni-
ton and proper management in the
beginning Of the disease ar. the chief
elements Of cure. If the family physi-
clan encourages the hopeful patient to
believe that ''it is only bad cold''
and that 1t twill wear or" or when
warm weather comes he will be 'all
right he not only seals the patients
doom, but fails to take advantage Of
the opportunity presented today for
the cure Of consumptio Suggestion.