davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
WAR INTERESTS NAVY MEN.
Monopolizes Gossip at Washington
Military Men Have Watched tn
Preparations.
[Spsle!a.l covrespon.seace.l


Washington, D. c., Feb. 12.-There I.
probably no city i'm the world outsl de
the respective countr.es of the bellsg-
eGyhsts, in which greater interest Is
centered in the eastern war than
Among the residents of This city. AL
most nothing else his discussed in army
amid navy drcGes aind the number o!
elaborate campaigns NOW being PLAN
ned In detail ovsr the tables ait the
ARMY and Navy Club would annfGldhte te
every inihabitant of both countries IN
lsEss time fr,an it would talee a CORE
spondent for New York tleYspapes
to do it,
Secretary Hays move for tEne neu-
traIdsss of China amid the PRESIDENCY
oecla ration of Neutrality fer the Unf :
ted States gOvsrnmsD were tfl1e upper
on Hayasrni, Japanese minister do Lon
don, has objsDted TO reference to Main :
clpurda, dn Secretary Hays note bu,
such specific reference was conta incl
in the note. BY a thigh official IT was
said, today. That the poweFV aersed TO
preserve 1.-THE Integrity of China in 1900
and that Seuretary Hay merely 10C-
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12


Russia at Paris has sent full story OF
the battle off chemulpo. in which he
praises the heroic conduct of the Rus
sian sailors. The newspapers here to-
day printed the bare foreign kilograms,
telling what has happened In Korea.
Large crowds of people are constantly
at the admiralty seeking information in
regard to the fate OF relatives in the
fleet Movement of the Russian troops
eastward is being pushed from all d.
rect.ons. Notice has been given that
emigration eastward has been suspend
ed. In fact the Siberian railroad is
ruonopoiized by transportation of
troops and war munitions to the COM
ipiete exclusion of commercial traffic.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12

engagements. The report cabled by
the Tien Tsin correspondent of the
London Standard that the Russian fee;
had bombarded Hakodate is entirely
Idisresarded.
Naval men in this city say that SO far
as known the only Russian vessels IN
position to move at vladivostock, and
that 1t cannot for u moment be Thought
they would be withdrawn from the de-
fenee OF that Important Depot, even II
they are free OF Ice and not blocked up
by the Japanese squadron, as has been
reported. In view OF the fact that there
ia no cable communication between
Japan and China. except by way of
Shanghai. 1t is improbable such iirlpor-
.art news would pc first heard in the
inland town Of TSen Tsin.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
poub%s a. to Indietments.

Spnngaerd, H.. Feb. 12.-After Not-
ing to indlict Chief of Police James AM
deron and 11ds two predecessors. II. s.
Castles and Henry Hcrri.g. the Sanga-
nan county grtand jury faDied TO In
clude propsufy prepared indac,nnerrts
i'm dts final report and now Ut is ques-
tlpnsd whether the three acriaily were
inkdf,ted. Jaslge T&younp sou, wifi s,ask-
ed to pass upori the indie tments. The
Jury spent a nrontt, Investigating tho
charge THAT The last three city adandn-
isbrattons exajcted tribute from wpunsn
cx the cAtrb
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
sLlFER INDICTED
Tho Grand Jury at erundy Center Re-
rutns a True Bill Today, Charging
Him With the Murder Of His Wife
He 1. Hold Without Bail.

Special TO mes-Republlcan.
Grundy Center. Feb. 12.-The gran1
jury this afternoon returned true bill
against w. E. Slifer. charging him
with murder in the first degree. for the
alleged poisoning OF his wife. He is
being held without bail. The petit jury
has been discharged and the Sllfer
case will not be heard at this term. The
court meets in May. but 1t is the regll-
lar equity term. It is possible, how
ever, that special venire may be is-
sued and the case be tried at that
term. II not. he will not be tried be-
fore September.
Slifer is accused OF having purchased
poison at Marshalltown and adminis-
tered II as an anaesthetic to his wife.
Her death was frs. reported to be sui
eide but upon investigation Slifer was
accused and held to the grand jury. II
Is claimed he bought chloroform at
Alarshallsown and signed his wife's
name.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
TopAYs COURT DECISIONS.

Opinions Handed Down by the su.
preme Court Of iowa.
Special to Times Republican.
Des Moines. Feb. 13-The following
decisions were handed down by the su
preme court:
Bailey. appellant VS.. BirkhUfer, Pot.
tawabtaars'e district. Affirmed.
Loesche, appellant VIZ. Goethdt, Deaa-
ware district. Affirmed
Mckee VS.. H,onfe Savings & Trnlsa
CO., appellant, Polk disurfut. Az
flrni.d.
Brown. arpsIant ws. Tatma county
Tama 6.sSrtot. Affirmed.
German sawrlgs Bank, appellant vs
Des M.olnes National Bark, Polk DIS
t-ict. Affirmed
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
THAT BALTIC FLEET.
Not Llkly TO Go East as Il i. Not Fitted
For Active Service.

sSSssSS SV' 'V'S0s
Berlin. Feb. 1.-THE best denial OF
the statement that Russia wishes to
send fifteen aarships thru the Kaiser
Wilhelm canal is made at the navy de-
partment where. II Is said. Russia has
not fifteen warships in the Baltic that
could readily be sent to the far east,
seven or eight being ali that she has
there that could be made serviceable
against japan, and as many more coal
ing ships might have to go with them.
The German naval opinion Is that so
small fleet could do nothing alone.
Russia is withdrawing portion OF her
garrisons on the German frontier, mr-
sumably because she is fully confident
OF Germany's neutrality.
n. kurino. former Japanese minister
to Russia and staff, arrived here today
from St Petersburg. Kurino intends 10
observe events from Berlin Indefinite
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12

tu.v, with fiat proposal for the repeal
of the entire exemption law as related
to the wages of workingmen and not
with measure which purported to be
only a partial repeal but which would
in effect place the wage earner at the
complete mercy of the creditor. The
hea ring was concluded but the commits
tee did not vote on the bill: but tll'
remarks OF the chairman indicate thai
the bin may never get out of the COM
Tittee.
An amendment to the law relating 20
the duties of county treaslrers propos-
ed by Representative Jepson, is as fol-
lows:
and shall prepare and deliver to the
board OF supervisors by the first day of
February and August of each year fun
and detailed statement of the condition
of the treasury at the close of the pre-
ceding serni-annual period ending June
80 and December 81. respectively. In
cluding schedule Of the receipts and
expenditures of the different funds. and
shall make report of the condition of
THE treasury to the board at such times
as may be required by it,"
A bill introduced by McCulloch in the
house provides for labelling in plain
English words all patent medicines con-
tanning narcotics or alcoholic mixtures
and the quantity thereof. 1t is intend
ed to prevent the misuse of such medt-
eines and danger from the thought1ess
use of such medicines.
The bill to establish board Of exam
iners for stationery engineers has made
its appearance again. The bill is ldke
those which have preceded II in other
years on the same subject and 1t Is not
anticipated 1T will be passed The plan
of engineers and granting them certifi-
Gates.
There is much reason to believe that
The appropriation for the completion of
the Iowa historical buildings will be
passed by the present legislature and
that at least start will be made in the
direction of completing thu structure.
ws.ll be necessary to buy more land II
the plans as originally drawn are to be
followed, for this means that the pres
ent historical building is merely the
west wing OF the completed whole. A
similar building could be completed a
hundred beet east Of the present one
and ultimately the two be connected by
the central or main buildings. Many
members OF the present legislature have
expressed thsmselves as decidedly in
favor of providing that work on the his
toricai building shall be resumed.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
Good Word for Hanna.

Cleveland. Feb. 13-In we.eo,nang g
the Delegates TO uhe convention OF THE
Oll.o republican lessisutI tosiFny Mayor
Tom L. Jntar,l5en ssfd Il weu:.t TO add
my prayer iSlr the re,Sveiy Of SCI. .satol
Hanna. W1hi;rfaeir we be 'lAs sppontr,ts
in politics ,f in bh,5lI.ese 'N-:i cSpn not
help hut admire .hnn as a man. ard We
Will Jot,n in the hope that he viii be
returned 10 lis in fieaiJit, e,nti strength.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
JAPAN IS CONCENTRATING
FORCES ON PORT ARTHUR
THE WAR NEWS TO DATE

tiles Japan
concentrating her efforts the of Port Arthur and de-
structon of Events
rapidly that direction Tho believe that
successfully landing cheupo and that
Arthur the
will remainder Of the Russian feet action
When this rrives brilliant naval
may be expected.
In thereh a marked ul the fighting.
prohab credit
the Russian fleet than s due them There
Tho that warshps destroyed
Wednesday 10 believed the referred to tho attack Of
Monday Tuesday Port Arthur is always we'll TO dis
official
we'll the places from which
been pointed that facilities
sndins limited in oh China and reaches
The
japanese and troops expected
will probably be the Opposition
japanese reaching Port Arthur.
The Russian Revix
PorA Arthur Hoated The Baltic
feet will be The
small ono Il s easy prcy
investment Of Port Arthur going For
slams preparing for desperate
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
DYNAMITE ON SHIP
Passenger on White Star Line Steamer
Majestic Had Enough in His Trunk
TO Blow Ship Into Fragments.

Liverpool, Feb. l2-custonls officials
today found eighteen pounds Of dyna-
mite, $500 detonators in possession
OF an Austrian emigrant bound for
Carlsbad aboard the White Star line
steamer Majestic, which arrived from
New York yesterday. The Austrian's :
trunk had false bottom in which the
dynamite was concealed. The man was
arrested and remanded until the soth.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
A Great Joint Naval and Mill
tary Engagement Expected
at That Point
Japan Successfully Landing
Her Troops at Chemulpo-
Battle Imminent
Believed That a Force Of Rus
SLAMS Will Oppose Japs
at the Yalu River
Russia's Baltic Fleet a Small
One and Not Likely to Ven
ture Out Alone
Confusion Of Dates Gave Rise
TO Report of Destruction Of
Seven Ships
BULLETIN.

clio Foo, Feb. 12-The Japans
80 Aest has not bsen sesn since
aecn Tussday. The injured battle-
ohtpe cxarsviteh and Rstvixan
kavs bssn hoatsd, but the cruiser
palIada 10 still on the bsaoh. Il
'hae bssn aseertainsd that the Jap.
assssS shells did not injurs the
fores at Port Arthur in 1ussday's
engagement. The shells directed at
de forts struck . house on the hill.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
euLLETIN.

EeNdon, Feb. 12-1he Japaness
minister hsro has rScsived q die.
patch from the oovernmenk ct 10.
kio, announoins the latter has not
YET rsesived an official report Of the
kat&is fought Oh Port Arthur. ad.
ding fa,aA apparently The dissm.
barkation Of japanese troops 10
soroessdina satisfactorily and with
out disorder at chsmuipo, port Of
Scout.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
JAPAN aFrER PORT ARTHUR.
Concentrated Attack Of Force. With .
View 70 It's Capture.

lConcenSfAted ATTACK OF forceS WIN
View 20 It's Capture.
London, Feb. 1.-THE British gov
eminent has information which leads
lit to believe that Japan is likely to be
| In possession OF Port Arthur week
from now. In the best informed Jap
lanese circles here it Is privately
thought the war will be over by July.
Those British officials who are cogni-
xant OF the extraordinary thoroughness
with which Japan prepared for war are
inclined to share the japanese view re-
garding the duration OF the struggle.
Advices Of the japanese minister an
nounce the Russian minister at Seoul
and Russian legation guard have de-
parted for China. Russian officers and
sailors who surrendered to the Japan
ese after the battle fought OF Chemu.-
po win be sent to Shanghai under pa
role on the first neutral vessel availa .
BILE. An official telegram adds the In
formation that all survivors OF the
variag, Korietz and transport Sungari
were taken on board the British.
French and Italian warships. OF Che
mulpo. This is the first reference made
in eastern dispatches to the loss Of the
Sungari, the Russian transport.
There Is marked lull in the war
ceived here OF reported attempts Of the
Japanese to land troops near Port Ar
thur. Captain Tamari, japanese naval
attache. discredits The rumors. He
said: The japanese will never att
tempt to take Port Arthur from the
sea alone" The captain attaches great
importance to the seizure Of Masampho.
as giving Japan command of the straits
OF Korea and preventing a junction of
the Russian Equadrons.
The Associated Press understands the
Japanese troops are advancing rap
idly towards the Yalu river. There it
is expected they will meet and engage
THE Russian forces. The Japanese de-
clare the number of Russian troops is
greatly exa ggerated.
Baron Hayasd summing up events in
the far east. so far as they have gone,
said to the Associated Press today:
Whatever may be the eventual result
of the war; Russia, in allowing us to
occupy and fortify Masampho. has
created for herself another Dardanelles.
With the fortdfications OF Masampho
the integrity OF Japan is assured for
ever No fleet can now pass there
against Japans Wishes. Even IL we are
beaten we would not give UP Mas
ampho."
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
A BATTLE FOUGHT
Minister Powell Send. News Of Re-
ported Engagement in San Domingo
In Which Many People Were KiIisd.

Washington, FEB. l2.-Minister Pow
ell has reported Ry cable to the state
department from San domingo. under
date OF the 9th, that it was reported in
the capital that a fierce battle had
been fought in Sanchez and a great
many people had been killed.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
! BuLlETiN.

lensen, Feb. 12.-lnlth house 81
lords to-day Foreign MInistsr lans.
downs declared The report that
Great Britain had sivsn Wsi-Hei
@ Z bass for Japansss operations
! assinse Port Arthur entirely un-
founded.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
INJUNCTION AGAINST UNION.
State Supreme Court of Massachusetts.
issues Order Against Pressmen.

Boston, Feb. IA temporary in
junction against the Ipternationnl
P-esf,nen'ls and Ass,,s.ants' Union was
issued today in the state supreme
court. Defendants are restrained from
bringing about q sympathetic strike
among the pressmen in connection
with the prevailing contest of the job
compositors against members OF the
United Typothetae Of America in this
city for the new wage scale.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
HARDWARE DEALERS ELECT.
State Association Conclude. It's Meet
ing at Dec Moines.

Special to Times Republican.
Des Moines. Feb. 12.-The State
Hardware Dealers Association con-
cluded today. after adopting the re-
vised constitution and election Officers
as follows: President. s. r. Miles. Ma
son City: vice president, H. Vincent
Fort Dodge; other members OF the ex-
ecutive board, Thomas Nichols. Bur-
lington: H. A. Stouffer, Iowa City; w
B. Baumgartner. Dubuque: w. II
johnson, Tama: F. w. Ritter, He'd
rick: Thomas Gadd. Des Moines; E. A
RAY. Corydon: Charles Swain. Council
Bluffs; and w. II. Millard, Cherokee.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12

New York. Feb. IA careful study
81 the reports that have reached Amer
lea and Europe from the east, includ-
Ing the press dispatches and commu-
nications thru official channels. would
Indicate but two actual conflicts ofSany
moment have so far occurred. These are
the japanese naval attack on Port Ar
thur Monday night and Tuesday morn
ing and the affair at Chemulpo Monday
and Tuesday. In circles whose knowl-
edge OF conditions In that part OF the
world allows them to speak with accu-
facy, various reports Of other engages
ments are considered but echoes OF
these two fights. News travels slowly
IN north China. Cable and telegraph,
facilities are very limited and it is evil
dent that as the reports OF the Port
Arthur and Chemulpo affairs reach the
various points they are promptly ca
bied by resident correspondents, re-
seulting in natural confusion of dates.
The circumstantial report of another
engagement, sent by the Reuter- Tele-
ram Company from Toxic, under date
Feb. 10, published in this country
lsterday afternoon, also undoubtedly
ferred to the original Port Arthur at
ok, news Of which had just reached
.kio. This belief is strengthened by
fact that no Official confirmation
been received Of the subsequent
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12

| Washington, Feb 12. - Bulletin:l5
Ha4na's condition is alarming. His
Temperature has risen rapidly. He,
fails to respond to stimulants. Mes
Isengers have been hurriedly sent for
oxygen.
i Washington. Feb 1.-THE following
btGletfn was issued by Senatcr HAM
usa's ply sician at sanks nprntng:
'1uts SENATOR had comfortable
right, but 'i.1e fevr was lfghu, 104;i
pulse. more rapid. liz; respiration, 2s.
Irntabehty of Stomach has Msap-
peared."
| Hannais correction this NOR rirg was
tautab1y serious. 1t ds believed by phys
fc.iane tGlat the tiimax OF the disease
has been reach'edl It is rhsar beeie ief
ldf The fever should break Within the,
1seNt two or three days at most ;ffe san-
ator may hut-e good chance Of recov-
cry, but II 1. at,odfd continue Ter
Isnger period the worst IS 10 be feared,
as the pastler1t's snreaagta, s not sum
cderit ITO wisllstand the l.avaRe~ u6 the.
fever for a long curlthruesd time
| Ut has been sfs,ussed to sela for Sens
atur Hannafs son, Daraa Hanna. WHO q
in Cyevetana Z,
| Shortly after nine tfls' senator awosCo
| from a brief steep. Tine pily ysiaSans be.
gBm an exam16aa.ion at once While
Tire patae.sis cen,psranure high, q
,sus even sd1a,sr ss on. ,t3iis d,f. .sE4.
the right. 1t Do said by phyNtciaris.
however, his temperature. IL no nisaIes
than TO be expected Tin a case OF fy-
rfnosi parrus,ariy while the paltnent -
passtng .t,,luu ai1e cli1nax OF HE disease.
Tire increase OF the pulse IL an fndt tca-
ton of the senator's growing weakness,
but assurance hs given that afne does
uot SHOW the presence at Immediate
danger.
Despite the senator's high fever. hs
sept eairy weln last night. It has been
necessary. a,t Intervals to admtmster
s.in,uaants TO the pauent as msnrn Of
main tahmdng his failing strength. That
H,e responds TO tfe ak,sion of stfnu-
iamts fs regarded by the doctors as Q
narcraibie SIGN They are also encour-
aged by the faet tr1at Hanna's vital
| organs continue to perform weG their
funotions The nUurlalmeDt given eMm
he retains and good results slave tod-
lowed. No irrftafblsity OF the etounach
lyats been noted since Weiptesday night.
The faxt that the SENATOR'S talness ala1
reached a serious, II not crSitlchs s6ayA
I mas brought hundreds Of inquiries nron
arisuds in every pant uf tfia' country.
Scores OF members OF congress called
at the hotel today and inquired solici-
tously for the latest news from the
bedside of the patient. Presidents
Roosevelt was among the first Of the
anxious inqulrers as to Hanna's condi-
ton.
The following bulletin was given out
shortly after 12 today:
"At noon Hanna was resting quietly.
Temperature, 1919: pulse. 1os; respt-
ration, 90. He continues to retain Al
nourishment given. There are no com-
plicasions.'
The senator's physicians for the past
two days have been employing saline
solution.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
RED CROSS ORDERED our.
Reseript issued by Dowassr Empires.
Of Russia,

ST. Petersburg. Feb. l2.-rhe dow
ager empress has issued rescript to
the Red Cross OF Russia, directing 1t 10
make provision to alleviate the suffer-
ings OF the wounded In the war with
Japan. A branch OF the Red Cross has
been esta blished in the New Hermitage
OF the winter palace. Offers Of service
have been SO numerous that no more
will be entertained at the present.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
NO HELP is ASKED.
Baltimore Will Try TO Get Along With.
out AesiatancO

Baltimore, Feb. 13.-At conference
today between the mayor and citizens
committee it was decided that no cali
will be made for outside assistance to
relieve the distressed situation causs1
by the fire II found necessary later
on, the municipality will float loan to
meet all needs.
All the banks opened in temporary
quarters today, prepared to meet all
demands. Regular clearings will begin
Monday next. The vaults of all the ma
tional banks have been opened and the
contents found absolutely withous
damage.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
No Irooos For Baltimore.

Washington, Feb. H. The cabinet
today, after long consideration of the
resolution adopted by the Maryland leg
islature. calTng for troops for Guty in
Baltimore, Gscided not to comply at this
time with the request
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
DEATH OF M. e. CALLAHAN.
Was Landlord Of Lacey Hotel at oska
ioosa and Prominent Citizen.

Special to Times Republican.
Oskaloosa, Feb I'm. E. Callahan,
landlord of the Lacey Hotel, and a
prominent member of the Catholic
church, died suddenly of heart failure
today.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
ACQUlT MRS. LoRENZ
One of the Defendants in Trial Of Ma.
chen et al. Ordered Released by the
Court, Evidence Being Insufficient.

washington. Feb. ,s.-rn the postal
trial today after all the evidence had
been submitted, Justice Pritchan D di-
rectei the jury to find verdict u not
guilty in the case OF Mrs. Lorenz. say
ing there was not sufficient eyide,ice to
hold her.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
1uLLEriN.

Oeriin, Feb. 12-The 6sr1nan
cruiser Nansa left Che Foo today
for Port Arthur 20 bring away the
German women and children from
Aisat poFt.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12

New York-Four persons were killed
in fire which destroyed the BrooNyn
Chair Company's factory.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
RECEIVER FOR MINING COMPANY
Judge kohisaat Takes Action in the
unitad Statas Court.

Chicago. Feb. 12.-upon the petition
OF stockholder. alleging fraudulent
management" Judge Koh!saat. in the
United States court today. appointed a
receiver for the Model Gold Mining
Company. 100000 corporation. The
receivership follows closely the holding
of Frank and John Jager to the federal
grand jury respectively president AMI
secretary of the company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
BULLErlN.

London, Feb. 12.-n q dispatch
from Shanghai, dated Feb. IL 2 ..
m, the correspondent Of the Tele.
graph says:
'sThs bombardmsnt Of Port Ar.
thur continues. Three Russian
cruisers havs been sunk. Tho
Russian bank building has been
Destroyed
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1904-02-12
ST. PETERSBURG in THE DARK.
Practically Nothing Received at Rus.
sian Capital on tho War.

St. Petersburg, Feb. What add.
,ional information The authorities have
has been obtained from the Russian
embassies abroad. The ambassador OF