davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
MANY SYSTEMS ARE IN USE.
Railways in England Are Operated
Under Variety OF Conditions.

Railways in England Are Operated
Under a Variety OF Conditions.
1t is not easy for an American rail-
road man to conceive Of the conditions
exis.sng in the British Islands. The
English railway systems total only D.
900 miles Yet this comparatively small
mileage is the property Of go com
panies, more than half Of which have
their separate administration and exec
utive. The others are LEASED and
worked lines" Allotting an average Of
eight directors apiece TO each Of the
125 independent companies. the Eng
lish railways support 1000 directors,
whose fees can hardly be less than
81 $50 a year each.
The railroads Of India cover about
5000 miles Yet Thomas Robertson.
the expert who recently reported to
the British government on Indian rail-
way administration, says that the task
of supervising the lines OF that vast
country might safely be intrusted to a
board of three qualified men. assisted
by a secretary, a chief inspector and
numD-- OF inspectors and auditors.
Three experts with a small staff are
considered by Mr.. Robertson capable OF
performing duties OF about the same
character as those for which in Eng
land are employed 1000 amateur d.
rectors with their secretaries and as
sistant secretaries. accountants. audi
tors, clerks, messengers. etc
II only the sum OF S1,250O0O paid
away annually in fees to railway d.
rectors were available for a centralized
railway board it would be possible TO
attract the ablest men by offering the
largest known salaries and yet make
a saving.
The saving by standardization" is
also to be considered. The Hartman
roads, 1900 miles. are to unity their
machinery so that all parts" of roll
ing stock shall be interchangeable.
The consolidation of American roads
has gone much farther than in Britain.
The Vanderbilt and Pennsylvania sys-
tens contain about 10000 miles each,
either one Of them nearly equaling the
$1,000 miles of all England. And
though the individual roads in these
| systems have in some cases their sep
arate boards. these usually consist OF
practically the same men. Many i'm
portant lines are also LEASED and
worked" Against the $50 systems OF
$1,000 miles-less than 100 miles to q
line-in England the Vanderbilt and
Pennsylvania systems include together
less than twenty component lines, Of
an average Of more than 1900 miles &
line. The longest single line in tbs
United States, the Southern Pacific. ha:
over {. 500 miles Of track.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

grip. At first I did not know that
Peruna was a remedy for this disease
When l heard that Ia grippe was cpl
demic catarrh, I tried Peruna for Ia
grippe. and found it 70 be just the
thing. Isaac Brock
Pe-ru-na Used in the Family for Years
Mrs. E. West. 137 Main street, Men
asha, Wis, writes. We have used
Peruna in our family for a number OF
years and when I say that it Is a fine
medicine for catsrrh and colds
know what I am talking about
have taken It every spring and fall
for four years and find II keeps me
robust, strong. With splendid appetite,
and free from any Illness A few
years ago il cured me OF catarrh OF
the stomach, which the doctors had
pronounced incurable. I am very
much pleased with Perunz- am 81
years old."-Mrs. E West.
In old age the mucous membranes
become thickened and partly lose
their function.
This leads TO partial loss OF hear.
ing. smell and taste, as well as digest
I i've disturbances
Peruna corrects all this by its spe
cific operation on all the mucous
membranes OF the body.
One bottle will convince anyone
Once used and Peruna becomes a life
long standby with old and young
Mrs. T. E Little, Tolona, IL
writes: 4 can recommend Peruna a
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

deer or antelope on the alert; but they
viii be just as much on the alert IL
they witness nothing but an exhibition
Of fright and flight on the part Of the
first deer or antelope, without there
being any conscious effort on its part
to express alarm.
Moreover, I am inclined to think
that On certain occasions, rare though
they may be, there Is a conscious effort
at teaching. / have myself known Of
one setter dog which would thrash its
puppy soundly II the latter csrelessly
or stupidity flushed a bird Something
similar may occur in the wild state
among such intelligent beasts as wolves
and foxes. Indeed, have some
reason TO believe that with both Of
these animals It does occur-that Is,
that there is conscious as well as IN
conscious teaching Of the young in
such matter as traps"
Probably the President and I differ
more in the meaning we attach to the
same words than anything else. In a
Subsequent letter he says: Il think
the chief difference between you and
me in the matter Is one OF Technology
When I speak Of unconscious teaching
really mean simply acting in a man.
ner which arouses imitation"
Imitation IS no doubt the key to the
whole matter The animals uncon
sciously teach their young by their ex.
ample, and in no other way.-Fron
John Burroughs's Current Misconcep
tons in Natural History" in the
Century.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
ANIMAL INSTINCT.
Presidents Opinion on the Question
of the Day Among Natura1ists.

President's Opinion on the Question
of the Day Among Naturalists.
l am convinced there is nothing in
the notion that animals conciously
teach their young. Is it probable that
mere animal reflects upon the fu-
ture any more than it does upon the
past7 Is 1t solicitous about the future
well-being of its offspring any more
than it Is curious about its ancestry =?
Persons who think they see the lower
animals training their young supply
something to their observations con-
sciously or unconsciously; they read
their own thoughts or preconceptions
into what they see. Yet so trained a
naturalist and experienced a hunter as
President Roosevelt differs with me in
this matter. In a letter which l am
permitted to quote he says:
81 have not the slightest doubt that
there is a large amount Of unconscious
teaching by voolfolk Of their of
spring. In .unfrequented places 1 have
had the deer watch me with almost
"a much indifference as they do now
IN the Yellowstone Park. In fire.
ouented places, where they are hunt
ed. young deer and young mountain
sheen. on the other hand.-and OF
course young wolves. bobcats, and the
uke.-are exceedingly wary and shy
when the sight or smell OF man is con
cerned. Undoubtedly this is due to the
fact that from their earliest moments
OF going about they learn TO initiate
the unfiagging watchfulness OF theii
parents. and by the exercise OF some
associative or initiative quality they
grow to initiate and then TO share the
alarm displayed by the older ones Al
the smell or presence OF man \ young
deer that has never seen a man feels
no instructive alarm at his presenc'
from merely accompanying its mother
II the latter feels such alarm. l Should
not regard this as schooling by Tn
parent any more than l should so re
gard the instant flight OF twenty ante
lone who had not seen hunter. De
cause the twenty first has seen him an'
has instantly run. Sometimes a dee
or an antelope win deliberately CIV
an alarm-cry at sight Of something
/ strange. This cry at once puts ever.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
SEWING MACHINES
A HUNDRED YEARS AGO

An old wooden sewing machine
made about 100 years ago. has lately
been put on exhibition in England
The photograph OF it. which is here
given. was obtained from the Scientific
American.
This machine. which looks more like
grindstone than a sewing machine.
was made by an inventor named
Charles Kyle. A glance at 1t shows
the wonderful progress that has been
made In this line during the last three
genera lions.
Forty stitches a minute is about as
fast as any one can sew by hand, with
an ordinary needle. In the year 17I5
the first attempt was made to quicken
this pace. by the invention OF a needle
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
A COMRADE OF GENERAL GRANT
Says: 81 Do NOT BELIEVE PE-RU-NA HAS A
SUPERIOR FOR CATARRH."
Pe-ru-na Is a Catarrhal
Tonic Especially Adapt
ed to the Declining
Powers OF Old Age.
a TRAVELLER
At SEvENTTONE
YEARS OF AGE.

good .medi-
cine for chron- A TRAVELLER
ic catarrh Of At SEvENTY-ONE
III g stomach YEARS OF AGE.
and bowels.
have been troubled severely With Il
for over year. and also a cough
Now ny cough IS all gone, and all the
distressing symptoms Of catzrrh Of
the stomach and bowels have disap-
peared- VIII recommend it to all
as a rare remedy. / am 50 well am
contemplating a trip to Yellow Stone
Park this coming season How Is that
for one n years oldz"
In later letter she says. 4 am
only too thankful to you for your kind
advice and for the good health that
an enjoying wholly from the use OF
your Peruna- Have been out TO the
Yellow Stone National Park and many
other places Of the west, and shall al
ways thank you for your generosity"
Mrs F. E. Little.
Strong and Vigorous at the Age Of
Eighty-eiaht-
Rev. J. y. Parker. Utica, N 7,
writes:
In June. 1901. I lost ny sense Of
hearing entirely. Ny hearing had
been somewhat impaired for several
years. but not so much effected but
that 1 could hold converse with my
friends: but in June. 1901. my sense
Of hearing left ne so that could hear
no sound whatever was also
troubled with severe rheumatic pains
in ny limbs. I commenced taking
Peruna and now ny hearing is re-
stored as good as It was prior to June,
1901 Ny rheumatic pains are all
gone. / cannot speak too highly Of
Peruna. and now when Lightweight
Tears old can say il has invigoTated
ny whole system Rev. J. n Par
ker.
Mr.. ". B. schnader. Of Terre Hill.
Pa. writes:
I got sick every winter and had a
y spell OF cold in February. 1893,
could not do anything for almost two
months In December. 1899. l saw
one Of your books about your rene
dies Then I wrote TO DR.. Hartman
for advice. and he wrote that I should
i commence the use Of Peruna, and how
to take care OF myself
4 did not lose one day last winter
. that could not tend 10 ny stock I am
sixty-three years old. and I cannot
= thank you too much for what you
p have done for me-
II you do not derive prompt and sat
: isfactory results from the use OF Pc
J runa. write at once 10 Dr. Hartman.
giving a full statement OF your case
and he viii be pleased to give you bis
valuable advice gratis
Address Dr. Hartman. President OF
The Hartman Sanitarium, Columbus
; Ohio.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
WOMEN WORKERS IN FIsLpa
OF 4, z1O,e1o Agricultural Leborers In
United States 661, fo3 Are Women

OF A, z1O,e1o Agricultural LIE borer. In
United States 661 ,fo3 Are Women
In an Agricultural Department bulIe-
tin, the total number Of agricultural
laborers In the United States Is placed
at 4,410.91O, OF whom 2,3e6, 149 are
members Of the family that Is, "sons
and daughters who help to work the
old homestead or help Uncle Dan
with the craps" and 2,O44,7eI arc
hired laborers.
A surprisingly large number OF
women are classed as hired farm
help. The total number Is 22O,o4s.
Naturally, the greater number Of these
are In the South, where the negro
women are an important factor In the
gathering Of cotton, corn and other
crops. There were 441,O55 women
classed as farm laborers, members
Of the family" and the vast majority
Of these were also found In the South,
where negro women taking an active
part in the work in the fed is an or
binary sight
South Carolina leads In the number
Of women hired laborers, with 1881,
and Alabama Is next, with "a, O63
Then come Georgia, with 3O,S65; Miss
issippi, with 30.1 Louisiana, with
q. go; and North Carolina, with 90
467. Virginia has 1882 OF These
women and Maryland has ass.
Mississippi leads all the States In
female laborers members OF the fam
ily," with a total Of 1889. Then fol
low Alabama, with 74,315; South
Carolina, with $3.50; Georgia, with
81 ,so6. and North Carolina. with 81.
400 Virginia has 4.841, and Maryland
3s7.
Farm wages have almost uniformly
shown an upward tendency since 1899
and, in many States, they are now
higher than they have been since ths
Civil War. The average farm wages
for the entire country for 1902, as fal
as could be learned, were S22.14 pei
month, without board, Is opposed Il
s20.23 in 1899. Where board wal
furnished by the employer the rat
Of increase was still higher.
In 1902 the average monthly wagei
Of a farm hand who lived with hi
employer were s164O, and in 1899 wer'
$14O7.
The highest monthly wages, witt
board, were paid in Nevada. S34.14
Montana, S32; Wyoming. 31.21; Idaho
S29.79; Utah. s29.45; California. S29-
3s. The poorest monthly wages, witt
board, were paid in South Carolina
ss.24; Georgia. $3.50; North Carolina
s9.61. Maryland's average, with board
was s12.67 per month, and Virginia
S1129.
The highest wages per day in haE
vest season, the employer FURNISHING
the board, were paid in North Dakota
S21s. The only other States that aver
aged more than 81 per day were: Souu
Dakota, Sos; Minnesota. 500. an
Washington. SOL. virginia's averag
pay at harvest time was 81 per day
and Maryland's S1.14.
Kansas, which kicked up a lot @
excitement about its inability TO &c
harvest hands at any price, paid
daily average wage OF only S1.57
1902, an increase OF only IS cents
the three years from 1S99.-St LOU
Republic.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

that was pointed at both ends, and
that had the eye in the middle
The first sewing machine that was
put to practical use vas made by a
Frenchman named Thimonier. In 1880.
Eighty OF his machines were used TO
make uniforms for the French army,
and the tailOrs that were thrown out
OF work mobbed ThimOnier and nearly
killed him. Most Of his machines were
smashed. and he died in poverty six
teen years later.
IL was a New York man. Walter
Hunt. who invented the needle with
the eye In the point Hunt WAS q
poor mechanic. Ii was his invention
that made the modern sewing machine
possible, but he did not have money
enough to get It patented. and diec
poor. Ike most OF the worlds great In
ventOrs.
Elias Howe. another poor mechanic
managed 10 get a patent on his ma
chine. and in 1868 his invention wai
bringing him In $4,000 a day.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
Rest Way 20 Shoot Gators.

One OF the best ways to shoot all
gators is to row in a small boat up
one OF the streams which they are
known to frequent. and then TO drop
down quietly with the current making
no noise with the oars or anything else
In this way you come upon them as
they lie on the bank, without disturb
ing them, and you can pick out just
the kindu OF alligator you want-St
Nicholas.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

sThey say you made a ringing
speech, senator"
Eyes. Being in with the ring and
realizing that the man who bucks
against the ring may as well get
ready to retire TO private life,
couldn't very well make any other
kind. r-Chicago Record Herald.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
Motion OyerruIed.

II say" said the captain Of bache-
lors' hall in the boarding school, "let's
be swell and call our dormitory the
Latin quarter"
mol Mop shrieked the rest OF the
crowd.
Because" ventured one OF the pro-
testing mob, call the other fellows will
be coming here trying to borrow the
quarter"
And so it was thus that the dormi-
tory went nameless.-Baltimor Amer
lean.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
Beware of Ointments for Catarrh That
Contain Mercury.

smell and completely derknge The whole sys-
TEN when entering Il through the mucous sur
aces Such articles should never be used ex-
cent on prescriptions from reputable physi-
clans, as the damage they viii do IS ten fold %
the good you can possibly derive nom then
Halls CatAr-h Cure, manufactured b. =. J.
Cheney & Co.. Toledo. O., contains no mercury,
andfs taken internally. setting directly upon
the blood and mucous surfzces Of the system.
In buying Halls CatArrh Cure Be sure you SCI
the genuine IL Is taken internally, and made
IN Toledo, Ohio, By T. J. Cheney & Co. Iessi-
monisls free
sold By Druggists, price Sc yer bottle
Halls Family Pills are the oe-l
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

Isaac Brock, a citizen OF McLennan
county, Texas, has lived for IA
years. In speaking Of his good health
and extreme old age, Mr.. Brock says:
"Peruna exactly meets all my re-
quirements It protects me from the
evil objects Of sudden changes; IL
keeps me in good appetite; It gives
me strength; it keeps my blood in
good circulation I have come to rely
upon it almost entirely for the many
little things for which l need medi-
cine.
when epidemics OF Ia grippe first
began to make their appearance in
this country I was a sufferer from
this disease.
4 had several long sieges with the
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

In a recent. letter from Gil G.
street, S. W. Washington, d. c..
this venerable gentleman says OF
Peruna:
~ have tried Peruna after hsv-
ing tried in vain other remedies
for catarrh, and can say without
reservation that ! never felt
symptom of relief until ! had given
Peruna the simple trial that it's ad-
vocates advise. do not believe il
has Superior, either as a remedy
for catsrrh or as tonic for the de-
pressed and exhausted condition
which is one Of the effects of the
disease."-6enjamin ?. Hawkes..
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

Boston leads the big cities OF the
country in the use Of milk. the daily
average being LII pints per capita
She likewise leads in water consump-
ton but this does not imply that there
is any mixing Of the two.-Boston Ad-
vertiser.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
so Blu. mscaronI Wheat Per Acre.

introduced by the Q. s Dept. Of Agr. Il Is 4
tremendous cropper, yielding II good land -
bu- per acre. and on dry. arid lands, such A.
are found in Mont. Idaho. the DakotaS, Colo.
etc, IL viii yield from a. 70 90 bu- This " ne a.
any Spelt1 and Hanna Barley and brouus IN
ernis and Billion Dollar Grass, makes II posi-
be 10 grow and fatten hogs and cattle Wneref-
er soil q found
JUST SIND 10 cESTs AND THIS SoIIcE
70 the The John A. saiEer seed Co, L. Crosse.
Wis, and they will send you free . sAmple q
this Wheat and othsr farm seeds, tog sther with
their great catAlog, alone ~ 7 h 5000 20 any
wide aWGke farmer m. Gil
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
Perrin S Pile Specific
Valuable LAre-saving Service.
The INTERNAL REMEDY
No Case Exists IL VIII Not Cure

So effective is the nfe-saving ser
vice Of the United States that from
disasters to 246 documented vessels on
the coast during the year, having
1852 persons on board, only twenty
lives were lost, and OF the 100000
worth Of property put in jeopardy, but
a little more than 100000 was lost
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
FREE MEDICAL ADVICE TO
WOMAN.

Don't hesitate to write to Mrs:
Pinkham. She Will understand
your case perfectly, and viii treat
you with kindness. Her advice
is free, and the address is Lynn,
Mass. No woman ever regretted
having written her, and she has
helped thousands.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

The talk OF signaling from Mars has
-heen revived. Better get through witt
the north pole and the flying machine
saws the Washington Star. before tax
ine M this proposition seriously.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
w. L. DOUGLAS
s3.@ &s3 SHOES i ssHs

W. L. Douglas
shoes have by their
excellent style,
easy-dtting, an d
superior wearing
qualities. achieved
the largest sale OF
any shoes In the
world.
They are Just rs good
Is those that cost you
81 70 the only
difference Is the price
So F-s-sHts--.
Look for name znd
price On bottom.
-. =
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

Arrangements have been made for tel
ephonic communication between various
towns OF Lancashire and France
French legislative sanction is awaited
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

A new typewriting machine returns
the carriage automatically when the end
Of line is reached. so that the operator
is not compelled TO pause.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
Hoods Jdrsapdrilia
and Pills

Are the medicines to take-they do
the work thoroughly and agreeably
and never fail to do it.
Hoods are the medicines you
have always heard recommended.
Il cannot recommend Hoods Sarsaparills
too hghly a spring medicine. When We
take It in the spring we all feel better through
the summer" MRS. 5. II. NEAL. McCrsys. Pa
Hoods sarsapariIla promises ia
cure and keeps the promise.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
ouaIirring Himself.

The BOokkeeper-That new messen
ser spends all his time reading such
books as the boy Bandits"
The Proprietor can see his nm
lsh.
The Bockkeeper-Where2
The Proprietor-On Wall street.
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

Alpine flowers and plants are 50 quick
ly becoming extinct that strong measures
are TO be taken in the future for their
preservation.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

The more a man has TO say about
himself the less he likes 10 hear other
tax OF observation-disclosures Dahl
News.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

Mothers VII ind Mrs. winsiov-s soo.nirg
syrup the best remedy 70 use for their ehlldre1
he teethinz season-
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

For coughs and colds there is no better
medicine than PisO's Cure for Consump-
ton. Price 25 cents
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

Colfskin which Is everyN there conceded TO
be the finest Patent Leather vet produced
r-st caer Egslrts aSr4. she's b ul1il. .5c-extrl
Write fer Catzlos. W-I-poaglz Brcckton, Has
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

TITO Permanently cured. no hts or nervousness
lilo AFTER first day ofDr. Kline Great Nervs
Resorer Send for Free 81 trial bottle and treatise
Dr. X. IL. Kline, Ltd 93f Arch ST.. Philadelphia, Pa
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

You know more. as you grow older
bat that which you know Is less i'm
portant
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05
March,
HprH, May

There is a best time for doing
everything-that is, time when
thing can be done to the best adj
vantage, most easily and most ef-
fectiyely. Now is the best time
for purifying your blood. Whyf
Because your system is now trying
to purify it-you know this by the
pimples and other eruptions that
have come on your face and body.
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

Practical Application
He sought a job in a restaurant,
When in financial straits;
For he'd been told that everything
Comes TO the man who waits
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

snt ths rar-s C Is raper.e -
III se11 yc1 lct 81 fzru ~
80 E.r.1lss. t1clccl-x scue Nil
q ArcTt. tcI-e-cer NJ CE
t-1ied c4-alc<-e. t1r
e1t lie n rck-aEH NLN n
faEr&
ssnd Ter sara xSSSVt -,
to-cu- MlIES
The Parma herald. (Parma, Idaho) 1903-1917, 1904-03-05

C-iy lErze E-c-ers C x-zEes a-t y
c-1re-s fcr tec1 II 4Esr-A- =
E-eat E7ecl1lrF g f-asses krt -
Clcrert. fcs--er Flr1ts. Ccr-- 70 -
t4tces. Qrlcrx. CAetIass A. k-l <<4IIf
tcr-t & fegszhle See.-A Hlt|