davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1904-09-14

hombres que han muerto, primer paso
de avance del Temer, ell Miedo 6 Te-
rror creando la Superstition. Iguales
refexiones surj1an en- el hombre pri-
rnitivo la contemplation de todo ser
transformado en- cadaver despues de
su muerte y convertible en- polvo al fl
nal de la descomposicion, va sean ami
males, va sean plantas.
Obtenidas las primeras piedras que
han de formar la base de las primiti-
vas ideas de religiosa superstition, van
agreg gandOse otraS que preceden de
diStintas fuerzas naturales. como son
la germinacion, ell calor solar, el Gre
cimiento de los seres organizados, Ia
voz desagradable de cieros aninalcs,
sus raras costumbres, su repugnante
aspecto, ferocidad. ell vcneno de sus
colmillos, Ell de ciertos plantas y asl
otras tantas manifestaciones que i'm
>presionan al hombre primitive.
Sc ha tratado de comprobar por el
testimonio fidedigno de viajeros, geo
erafos sacetdoteS catolicoS y mlsio-
neros protestantes, que ex1sten hume
rosos puebIos prlmitivos destituldos
de creencias religiosas; pero no es me-
nos cierto que ell tenor despierta en-
el amino de estos las primeras ideas
de seres invisibles que les persiguen,
molestan, mortihcan, y les atribuyen
scr causa de igrandes daflos. Empie-
zan por reconoCer la sobrevlvenCia del
espiritu de los difuntos con quieneS
trataban en- vida Y que les visjtan en-
sus ensuelos. Despues adopta la idea
de cierto grado de poder atribuido a
los cuerpos celestes, I'm animal, planta,
Ia terra, el mar, el aqua, I'm rio, una
montana, i objetos inanimados, per-
sonihcando en- etlos I'm esplritu agen-
te. Continua dando forma tangible
4 sus concepciones supersticiosas con
virtiendolas en- fetiches, talismanes,
amuletos, etc.; pero estas en- un prin-
cipio las concept1a inferiores al hom-
bre, sometidos su voluntad Y 81 no
10 complace, insulta 4 sus divinidades,
los maltrata sustituye por otros for
mados capricho.
Ell concepto dc IN principle superior
esencial Y 1nico, corresponds q una
ClVlllZdClcn 1uuy dVdHZaud Eli Id
que nos ocupa, ell hombre solo concibe
principles extrahumaros de caracter
malefico. perverso, origsn de todo da-
no que le sobreviene, y procura apla-
car su colera ejerciendo sus ritos es-
peciales de danzas, gritos, alaridos, es-
truendo, cantos, mdsica, ofrendas de
frutos, alimentos, bebidas, prendss y
q veces tambien sacrifcios cruentos de
animales y enemigos cautivos, sin ex
cluir a sus propios hijos.
Hasta que punto preocupaba a estos
indios ell problema que Sc relaciona
con su destino despues de esta vida y
la confanza en- un mas ALA, puede de-
cirse que encuentra su soluci6n en- 10
que precede y Sc dira mas adelante.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1904-09-14
NARRACIONES DE
LOS CRONISTAS

Ell primer croniSta e historiador que
desempeflo varios cargos en- estas In
dias, habiendo vivido en- Santo Do
mingo y Puerto Rico 4 raiz de la con-
qulsta en- los prlmerOs afos del slglo
XVI, Ell que persOnalmente recoj1o to-
das las impresiones contenidas en- su
"Hlslorla general y natural de las In
dlas Ell que estuvo en- contacto con
los restos de indios que quedaban en-
estas islas, 10 es G3nzalo Fernandez
de Oviedo. En- 10 referente la his
torla de los indios. solo el da informes
personalmente recojidos en- Su mayor
parte, ctros los ha tornado de oidas.
Todos los demas cronistas { historia-
dores que le siguieron, han copiado
de su obra 10 que tiene relaclon con la
vida de aquel extinguido pueblo.
Es de sentirse que las preocupaclo-
mes de su epoca, de que adolec1a en-
sumo grado Oviedo hayan inf1uido
nota blemente en- sus narraciones, des-
figurando los hechos y formulando Jul.
clos insostenibles ante una critica i'm
parcial y desapasionada. Oviedo es
IN historiador rico de infornes, pero
apasionado, fanatico y POGO flosofco.
Alexandra Tapia y Rivera Ell su "Bi
blioteca hist6rca' dice que la historic
de Oviedo aguarda el razonamiento
del fl6sofo que haga titles al mundo
los hechoS en- ella relata dos.
Los capitulos | y III del Libro '
contienen sus relatos acerca de las Sill
;n;o II
Eb5'. &EhMg.
[Continuaral
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1904-09-14
Ia ULTIMA PALABRA
Ia FOTOGRsFla PROGRESa-

Cuenta Guayama con una galerfa fotografca
que drige don Leopoldo Venegas.
Todo trabajo que relaeione con este ramo de
la industria moderna, Sera cjecutado aih con arte
prontitud.
EspeciaIidad de esa casa son las ampliaciones
Y postales iluninadas.
Para las primeras hay marcos hermosos, de los
tamanos que ell pubico solcite.
De cualquier retrato que Sc enyie por correo, SO
hace Ia alUpliaci0n postal.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1904-09-14
American Railroad Company Of Porto Rico

Schedule of trains effect July rst 1904 between
Carolina, Arecbo Camuy Agualla, Mayaguez and
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
and that Japan does not desire until she holds Mukden, Port Arthur and Vladivostok.
DIooinu the Canal.

Chief Engineer Wallace says the Panama canal will not be finished un- til 1914 while Commissioner Harrod says 1t will be opened to traffic within five years. Between these two ex- tremes lies. perhaps, the true date.
 Colonel Harrod bases his opinion upon the free employment of Ameri- can machinery. The old methods of digging have been largely changed by steam shovels and the like, and Col onel Harrod, who is an engineer or ex- perience, thinks American energy and American, skill can complete the immense task in five years No one else, however, thinks so short period will suffice.
 Colonel Wallace says, that perhaps 15 per cent of the French work can be utilized, but the French working plans are valueless, chiefly because the canal is to be deepened He says the making of new plans and the set clement of basic questions will con sume all of the year 1905, so that ac- tual work of construction will not be begun until 19O6-the spring of 1906, says Mr. Wallace. Six divisions of the engineers corps are at work, each in charge of resident engineer, and the surveying and planning will be pressed as rapidly as is possible. The preliminary work is tedious, but abso- lutely necessary, and it cannot be completed before 1906.
 MT. Wallace says eight years will then be needed in which to dig the canal, and we may safely accept MT. Wallaces opinion as the best that has been given to the public. In round way it is prudent to say that the canal will be completed in ten years.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01

past. He went on to say that If he had known southern statesmen as well as he did then, he would have softened many an expression and per haps altered some beliefs. But while he thus accused himself let it be said that in kinaness of heart and honesty of purpose no senator on his side of the chamber exceeded him.
 He was man who brought scholar. ship into the field of politics. He died as he had lived, poor in this worlds goods. When to his many gifts was added a rare sense of humor, we had a senator of delightful equipment. No one was listened to with greater atten- tion. He did,not belong to the inside circles of schemers. He was not an Aldrich or a Spooner, but he was a cultured, rare old man, who was an honor to his state and a delight to his friends.
 He died full of years and honors, and in Massachusetts long roll of sen ators there is scarcely one whose memory will be more warmly cher ished-not one whose bright passages will be more widely read and reread. At times, in the clash of parties, he sometimes offended the people of the south, but all in this section appre- ciate the worth and manliness of his character, and no harsh words will be uttered in these states over his hon. ored grave.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
Burnett Confident.

Congressman John L. Burnett of Gads- den Is at the Metropolitan. The popular congressman from the Seventh district is waging an aggressive campaign against his republican-populist opponent and the political observers of the district say that he will have a landslide this year.
 'I have just gotten in from DeKalb county said MT. Burnett last night, where I addressed two large audiences Notwithstanding that this is the busy season of the year the people are turning out in large crowds to hear the national issues discussed. I leave Saturday for Cullman county, where I will make two speeches.
 MT. Burnett is a member of the dem ocratic congressional committee and re- turned a few days ago from Washington where he conferred with Chairman Cow herd of that committee. "The democrats are going to win this election and the house of representatives is certain to be democratic. With a good working ma jority in the house we will be able to put down all resolutions to cut down the southern representation
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
Minstrel Men Love Home.

'John Healy, one of the black-faced comedians with the Al c. Field Greater Minstrels, has a pretty little wife far away in Philadelphia, and he never fails to write her a letter every day." said G. H. Atkinson, press agent for the com pany. Yesterday he was late getting off her mall, but true to his habit, he wrote his letter at 1 o'clock in the morn ing, put a special delivery stamp on it.. and trotted off to the postoffice to mail it. As he walked from the postoffice he talked of the good coffee his wife makes and sighed for the good old homemade tea.
 ''I tell you we have fine set of boys" continued Atkinson. IN early every member of the minstrel company is a married man, and when they get to the hotels they ursurp the writing tables
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
Around Lake Baikal.

The cable brings the intelligence that the Circum-Baikal railroad has been completed. The construction o1 line around the southern end oi Lake Baikal will render transporta ton less difficult when the ice is moi strong enough to support trains and yet Is thick enough to interfere with navigation.
 Lake Baikal is as big as Lake Mich
 igan, If not Lake Superior, and the railroad link just constructed is about two hundred miles long. It betters the facilities of the Trans-Siberian railroad in getting endorsements to the front, and in feeding and supplying them after they reach the field, but 1t does not make the long line efficient beyond certain point.
 The manager of the Trans-Siberian stated several weeks ago that all he could promise to do was to furnish munitions and recruits for an army of 250,000 men. Russia has not now and never has had more than that number in the field, and never will have, un- less it can regain control of the sea- The statement that General Grippen- berg and a total array of 600,000 men will be placed in the field is arrant nonsense. Military experts say 1t is a physical impossibility so long as the sole line of communication is a rickety railroad that is falling into poorer condition day by day The Russian boast that they will in the end overwhelm the Japanese deceives no intelligent person. They could do so perhaps if they could control the sea, but this they cannot do, and they are as goo4 as beaten already. The Japanese have million men they can put in the field, and experts laugh at the various threats of St. Petersburg. Such threats are probably the product of oyerworked newspaper correspond ents, or else they are put out in the hope of laying foundation for a me- diation which Russia greatly needs,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
ALABAMA's OBJECT LESSON.
From the Chicago News.

From the Chicago News.
 After Investigating the conduct of the militia company which failed to protect negro prisoner against a lynching mob few weeks ago, an Alabama court-mar- tial has decided that the company was grossly derelict in Its duties and should be cashiered from the service.
 The most promising feature of this &C., tion is that it sets new standard for the authorities of the south, both military and civil. It shows the military officials of Alabama in sympathy with the law and advertises the fact that the national guardsmen who neglect or refuse to stand hrm as against manifestations of mob passion are cowardly mutineers deserving the penalty of dismissal in disgrace.
 The lesson can hardly fail to make a deep impression not only upon the peo- pie of Alabama but upon those of the en- tire south. The residents of other south- ern states cannit afford to adopt a lower standard of military courage than that now established The national guardsmen in those states know now that they can not disregard their duties in an hour of danger without bringing upon themselves the stigma of cowardice.
 As a result of the present decision it Is likely that the authorities in the states where lynching has become common hence forth will be more prompt to use the militia and that this arm of the gov ernment will be more efficient In dis charging its assigned duties. It will re- quire only a few experiments 10 demon- strate that body of national guardsmen determined to enforce order can readily disperse the most threatening mob.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
VISIT OF ARCHBISHOP
 AN INTERESTING EVENT

| olution, but the feeling has passed away, tion, and the growth of the church, par ticularly in the cities, has been very great during that time. Its membership which now approaches SO0,O0) has about doubled Tn 20 years
 This membership. however, is still very small minority of the religious believers of the United States. The Roman Catho- lies. whose Eucharistic congress opened Tuesday are fifteen times as many. and of the protestant churches, the Baptist, the Methodists, the Lutnerans, and the Presbyterians are far more numerous, though in the city of New York the Episcopalians lead the protestant denom- nations in church membership. The Jews In this country too, have increased by i recent immigration to a million and more and in New York alone they now num- Der something like 100000. The Episcopal membership in New York was computed at SS,263 last year. and of protestants there came next in order the Methodists F.377 the 1.utherans 45,745, the Pres3y- ter.ans 4s.261 Cor with the cognate Re- formed Duth added, 66,32O and the Bap- lists, 37,127.
 The archbishop Canterbury will find religious development of this country. He will discover that nowhere else In the world have churches flourished so greatly as here in this republic where the separ- ation of state and church is absolute
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
That Forged" Letter.

From the New York World.
 It is really very funny, and our ven- erable contemporary no doubt enjoys the joke, that an ironical letter which the Evening Post published editorially on August as one twhich President Roose- welt might have written with advantage to himself and his country should turn up in Denver as a bona-fide epistle and be denounced by MT. Roosevelt as "an absurd and impudent forgery"
 But now that the President has de- nounced and repudiated the imaginary letter to Michael Donnelly. president of the Amalgamated Meat-Cutters and Butchers Workmen." 1t would be inter- estlng and likewise instructive to know if he disavows all of its sentiments-this for example:
 Your implication that would do for you in a presidential year what I would not do at another time is an insult. If cannot be elected without getting down on my knees to labor unions. then, in the spirit or my distinguished opponent, lei the election go.
 Does MT. Roosevelt's heated denia mean that he will ''get down on his knees to labor unions" if necessary to his cleo tion?
 The supposititious letter notified MT Donnelly that the President would not in terfere in the butchers strike 'unless you initiate the strikers in your city ir 1894, and interfere with the mails or with interstate commerce."
 In that case, and failing adequate ac- tion by the state authorities, I stand ready to do as my illustrious predecessor Grover Cleveland, did. and assert the power of this nation against all local null lifers.
 By his disclaimer does President Roose- welt mean to say that in similar circum- stances he would not do what President Cleveland did in 1894?
 Here is a chance for MT. Roosevelt to display some of that tremendous cour- age which he is forever harping on.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
Special Agent McNelI.

T observe from the press dispatches from Montgomery that Special Agent R. H. McNeil of the republican national com mittee changed his announced itinerary when he reached Montgomery" said a leading citizen yesterday.
 Tt was stated by a member of the Montgomery caucus that McNeil would go from that city to Mobile, but when he arose on the following morning and found that his mission to Alabama had been dis covered he suddenly decided to cut out the Mobile trip and return to Washington. learn from private sources that McNell was greatly worried when he found out that the newspapers had dropped on to the object of his trip, and I should not be surprised to learn that Chairman Cor telyou has dealt harshly with him for not covering his footprints better.
 ''There are still further developments to come out of the methods employed by the republicans to raise campaign funds, and I should not be surprised to read of another explosion almost any morning So far these stories have furnished the only excitement of the campaign, and the public reads them with lively inter- est
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
Wisconsin.

Rarely indeed has Wisconsin gone democratic. In 1856 that state went over to the republicans, and has ever since supported republican tickets, ex- cept in 1890 and 1892, when owing to the defection of Germans over the parochial issue the democrats twice elected George w. Peck governor, and in 1892 the Cleveland electors were elected by small plurality. At other times in the last fifty years it has uniformly elected republican nomi- nees. Its record is as follows:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
Weather and Business.

T see that Birmingham broke the rec ord on weather Thursday said Marcus Well, the clothier "An average temper ature of S4Is on the 29th of September Is something unusual for this city, and the report shows It was the highest in the state. Smoke from the workshops and dust may have had something to do with it, but it was hot all the same, hot even on the generally delightful High lands.
 And do you know" MT. Well contin- ued that this warm wave has proven great drawback or postponement of business? It is too late to sell light clothing and too hot to sell heavy cloth ing. so, as Dooley says, there you are.
 However, we need only be patient. This thing cannot last long. and we look for good fall and winter trade for the merchants of Birmingham
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
Death of Senator Hoar.

George Frisbie Hoar, who lies dead in his Massachusetts home. was ra. publican throughout the years of his active life, but he was ever a consci entious kind-hearted republican whc meant no or5 to any man or any section. His judgment at times may have been at fault, yet no one even questioned nis honesty, his high char acter.
 Not long before his final illness he delivered an address in which he re gretted much of tho bitterness of tn.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
From Frost to Ninety-four.

From frost to 94 degrees is a high Jump, cllmatlcally speaking" remarked M. J. Gregg, who has just returned from few weeks stay at Asheville N. c.
 We had a chilling frost at Asheville the other day and that caused me to think 1t was time to return home. Imag- inc my surprise at this uncomfortably hot wave.
 "Asheville is a delightful resort for health-seekers. but Birmingham is the real business city of the south. I never saw such a difference in two cities SC close together. We can afford here to stand an occasional warm spell, in view of the fact that we are showered with so many other blessings"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01
From the New York Sun.

From the New York Sun.
 HWO interesting events of religious \Cp significance took place in New
 York on Tuesday. At St. Patrick 8 cathedral in the morning the third gen. eral eucharistie congress of the Roman Catholics was opened with rontifical mass, with Archbishop Farley as the chief celebrant. In the evening the Protes- tant Episcopal Church club gave a din- ner in honor of the archbishop of Canter- bury of the Church of England. at which he made a short speech, distinguished by simplicity sincerity. friendliness and sympathy.
 Dr. Davidson is the twenty-seventh archbishop of the Church of England since the time of Cranmer, but he is the first English primate to visit this coun- try. The exact reasons for this visit are conjectural only. but as it is timed so soon before the meeting of the triennial general convention of the Protestant Episcopal church of this country at Bos- ton next week. one of them undoubtedly, and perhaps the chief. is to strengthen the bond of union between 1t and the mother Church of England. At that con- vention, moreover, there are to be other representatives of the Anglican episco- pate. including the bishop of Ripon and also the Canadian archbishop of Mon treal and the bishop of Ottawa.
 Another reason for the visit of the archbishop of Canterbury Is supposed to be his desire personally to observe the workings of the Episcopal church in this country as voluntary organiza- ton apart from the state. The time seems to be approaching when the disestablish- ment of the Church of England will be- come practical question of English poli- tics. It is not merely that the communi- cants of the established church are now in the minority as compared with dis senters. but a very considerable school within it is restive under tEe somewhat anomalous state of things which makes the established church subject to the au- thority of parliament composed of mem bers of all sorts of religious beliefs and no religious belief at all. Conversations assemble to manage its ecclesiastical af- fairs, but their power is shadowy rather than substantial They must lave the King s license DeIOre they can enter Into any deliberation and their resolutions are not binding on the clergy without the sanction of the crown. Accordingly in the extreme high church or ritualist or Cath ollie" party the restraints of establishment are resented as an unhallowed interfer- ence with the freedom and proper func- ton of a church.
 It is assumed. therefore. that the arch bishop of Canterbury Is here to maKe study of an Episcopa. church apart from the state which has grown 10 great pros- perity undec the voluntary principle. Dr. Davidson himse-.. however, is not of the school which advocates disestab- lishment or even looks forward to it without regret. He U neither Broad" churchman nor a Ritualrist, but is rath- CT representative of lhe Low or "Ev- angelicar' party; yet he is man of bredth and dis disposition is conciliatory.
 The Protestant Episcopal church in thls country long suffered from the bitterness against England engeadered by the rev
The Birmingham age-herald., 1904-10-01

This year bitter factional fight has sprung up between Governor Lafollette and the republicans led by Senators Spooner and Quarles and Congress- man Baocock. Both have state tickets in the field, but both have agreed on a common electoral ticket. That cleo toral tic..et, however, can appear but once on the official ballot, and a case Is now before the Supreme court in which the one or the other will be de- clared the regular republican ticket. The factional fight is very warm, and 1t is hoped enough of the opposite fac tion will refuse to mark the electoral ticket to let the democratic electoral ticket secure a plurality.
 If the court decides that the Spoon CT ticket is not the regular republican ticket, it is said it will be withdrawn. but Governor Lafollette is not a quitter, and he will doubtless stay in the race. There are possibilities in Wisconsin. MT. Peck is running for governor again, and the democrats are hopeful. The decision of the Supreme court in the pending case is awaited with intere tt.