The Savannah morning news., 1904-01-02

corded by means of one of the embers
of the brand. The roll of fourteen
tenants is then called over and an
swered to in whisper. and then they
kneel down and swear allegiance.
Very many years ago the lord of the
manor, after an absence from his es-
tate, was returning home by night On
the way he accidently heard some. of
his discontended tenantry plotting his
assassination. Thus warned, he re-
turned home by an unexpected route.
Then he ordered that each year his
tenants should assemble at the same
time to do him homage around a post
which he erected on the spot, where the
plotters met.
"Katatypes" are a new kind of
Photographic print introduced by Her
rem OSWALD and Gros of Leipzig, and
made without the use of light, says the
London Globe. The function of light
in Photography Gas now regarded) is
to accelerate the chemical reactions. 1t
is katalyser, and other kataIysers
will serve instead. The finely divided
silver of a Photographic negative and
the peroxide of hydrogen are good
katalysers. In making a katatype
the negative is flowed with an ethereal
solution of hydrogen. The peroxide is
instantly decomposed when it comes
in contact with the silver film, and the
evaporation of the resulting water
leaves on the plate an invisible picture
in unaltered peroxide, which is a pos
tive, that is to say, densest where the
negative is least dense. A simple way
(out of many to develop the picture is
to transfer it by slight pressure to
gelatine-coated paper, which is flowed
with ferrous sdlphate, washed, and
treated with gallic acid, the result be-
ing dark violet and permanent pic
ture-in fact, a picture in writing ink
Other tones are got by substituting
peroxide of manganese for the ferrous
sulphate. The shad-washed away in
warm water. A similar process gives
gelatine plates for printing in litho-
graphic ink. The katatype, there
fore, makes the photographer dispense
with sensitized papers. The result is
the same whether the plate is flowed
(says the Scientific American) in
bright sunlight or absolute darkness.
One of the most remarkable physical
features of the globe is the deep and
wide depression in the hollow of which
stands the Caspian sea, and near to
it the sea of Aral, says the London
Telegraph. The Caspian IS nearly as
large as France. and it's surface is
eighty-four feet below the level of the
Black Sea. The Sea of Aral is nearly
as large as Ireland, and is very lit
tie over the sea level. Within recent
geological times the vast expanse in
which these lakes are found was sea;
its floor has been gradually raised,
and the waters filling the depressions
are all that is left of an ancient Medi-
terranean. A strange feature of both
bodies of water is that, although they
receive large rivers, especially the
Caspian, into the Volga, the Ural river,
and scores of streams from the eau
casus flow. both have for many years
been getting shallower; evaporation, for
they have no outlet, exceeded the in
flow. But for some climatic reason,
probably, Lake Aral and it's neighbor
Lake Balkhash. have since 1891 began
increasing in depth. Mature" reports
that NJ. Berg visited Lake Balkhash
last summer and found that the Level
was rising with comparative rapidity
Whereas the Caspian, like the Dead
Sea, is very salt. owing to the rate of
evaporation, Ara1 and Balkhash are
brackish only. These remnants of
what was once a great sea opening
into the ocean, as the Mediterranean
does now, still contain marine fish and
seals. Some of the latter survive in
the Ara1 and Baikal lakes, having grad
ually become fitted for their habitat.
though it is no longer salt, but mere
ly brackish, and in the case of BaikaI
actually fresh water.
The word tonnage" has variety
of meanings, says the New York Jour-
nal of Commerce. Sometimes it is psed
as the equivalent of displacement, and
the weight of the ship in tons multi
piled by 35 gives the number of cubic
feet in the volume of displacement
when the vessel floats in saa water.
II vessels We're rectangular through
out the displacement in tons might
be found by multiplying the length in
feet on the load line by the mean
draught in feet, by the width in feet
on the load line and dividing the
product by 35. The main difficulty in
making the actual calculation arises
from the irregularity in the width and
length of different parts of the vessel.
Two different processes are generally
used in Great Britain in computing
the displacement, and they are made
to serve as a check upon each other.
A brief description of the methods in
use in Great Britain we quote from
the Shipping World Year Book: "One
process consists in dividing the length
of the ship on the load water line by
a number of equi-distant vertical Sec
tions, computing their several areas
by one of Simpsons rules, and then
treating them as if they were the ordi-
mates of a new curve, the base Of
which is the load water line. In the
other process the depth of the vessel
below the load water line is divided |
by a number of equi-distant longi- |
tudinal planes parallel to the water |
line The areas of these are computed !
by simpsons rule. and they are treat
ed as if they were the ordin9tes of |
new curve. the base of which is the |
vertical distance between the load |
water line and the lowest longitudinal |
plane" Simpsons rule here spoken |
of is simply a method for finding the |
cubical contents of such spaces or the |
areas of such planes as are to be i
dealt with in cases of this kind. Gross
register tonnage is reckoned at the |
rate of 100 cubic feet of capacity, and |
is measured according to the Merchant |
Shipping Act. by taxing the areas of
number of transverse sections. vary |
ing i'm number from to r. and COM
putting the tonnage upon the basis of
these. Net Tonnage is found by de-
Quoting from the gross tonnage the
areas of those spaces used for the ma
chinery, accomfodation for the crew.
etc. the object being to ascertain how
much space me vessel has available
for actual storage of cargo.